Biotechnological expertise and related tools (required e.g. for drug synthesis) increases daily mainly driven by a continuum of tumultuous experimental breakthroughs . In particular, recently, scientists have been able to build in-vitro reaction kinetics ( among enzymatic proteins and their ligands{\em  ) which code for two-inputs logic gates mimicking the stochastic AND ( NAND) and the stochastic OR ( NOR), beyond simpler and already known single-input gates (  as YES and NOT),  the whole triggering prompt effort even from the theoretical counterpart.
<clarity> Biotechnological expertise and related tools (required e.g. for drug synthesis) increases daily mainly driven by a continuum of tumultuous experimental breakthroughs . In particular, recently, scientists have been able to build in-vitro reaction kinetics ( among enzymatic proteins and their ligands{\em  ) which code for two-inputs logic gates mimicking the stochastic AND ( NAND) and the stochastic OR ( NOR), beyond simpler and already known single-input gates (  as YES and NOT),  the whole triggering prompt effort even from the theoretical counterpart.
Recent experimental breakthroughs have finally allowed to implement in-vitro reaction kinetics ( among enzymatic proteins and their ligands{\em ) which code for two-inputs logic gates mimicking the stochastic AND ( NAND) and the stochastic OR ( NOR), beyond simpler and already known single-input gates ( as YES and NOT), the whole triggering prompt effort even from the theoretical counterpart.