 Jim Giles, "Internet responsible for 2 per cent of global energy usage". New Scientist (Reed Business Information Ltd.), 26 October 2011. , "The Energy and Emergy of the Internet" , Barath Raghavan (ICSI) and Justin Ma (UC Berkeley), in Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, 14–15 November 2011, Cambridge, MA. ACM SIGCOMM. According to a non-peer reviewed study published in 2018 by The Shift Project (a French think tank funded by corporate sponsors), nearly 4\% of global CO2 emissions could be attributed to global data transfer and the necessary infrastructure.
<coherence>  Jim Giles, "Internet responsible for 2 per cent of global energy usage". New Scientist (Reed Business Information Ltd.), 26 October 2011. , "The Energy and Emergy of the Internet" , Barath Raghavan (ICSI) and Justin Ma (UC Berkeley), in Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, 14–15 November 2011, Cambridge, MA. ACM SIGCOMM. According to a non-peer reviewed study published in 2018 by The Shift Project (a French think tank funded by corporate sponsors), nearly 4\% of global CO2 emissions could be attributed to global data transfer and the necessary infrastructure.
 , "The Energy and Emergy of the Internet" , Barath Raghavan (ICSI) and Justin Ma (UC Berkeley), in Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, 14–15 November 2011, Cambridge, MA. ACM SIGCOMM. According to a non-peer reviewed study published in 2018 by The Shift Project (a French think tank funded by corporate sponsors), nearly 4\% of global CO2 emissions could be attributed to global data transfer and the necessary infrastructure.