 This paper focuses on the former in a hypothetical scenario- "if both AV and PT operators were only profit-oriented . " We aim to quantitatively evaluate the system performance (e.g. level of service, operators' financial viability, transport efficiency) when AV and PT are profit-oriented competitors with dynamic adjustable supply strategies under certain policy constraints. We assume AV can adjust the fleetsize and PT can adjust the headway. Service fare and bus routes are fixed. The competition process is analyzed through an agent-based simulation platform, which incorporates a proposed heuristic dynamic supply updating algorithm (HDSUA). The first-mile scenario in Singapore Tampinesarea is selected as the case study, where only bus is considered for PT system.
<clarity>  This paper focuses on the former in a hypothetical scenario- "if both AV and PT operators were only profit-oriented . " We aim to quantitatively evaluate the system performance (e.g. level of service, operators' financial viability, transport efficiency) when AV and PT are profit-oriented competitors with dynamic adjustable supply strategies under certain policy constraints. We assume AV can adjust the fleetsize and PT can adjust the headway. Service fare and bus routes are fixed. The competition process is analyzed through an agent-based simulation platform, which incorporates a proposed heuristic dynamic supply updating algorithm (HDSUA). The first-mile scenario in Singapore Tampinesarea is selected as the case study, where only bus is considered for PT system.
 This paper focuses on the former in a hypothetical scenario- "if both AV and PT operators were only profit-oriented . " We aim to quantitatively evaluate the system performance in this competition from the perspectives of four stakeholders--AV operator, PT operator, passengers, and public authority. In our model, AV operator updates its supply by changing fleet sizes while PT by adjusting headways, and both use heuristic approaches to update supply in order to increase profits. We implement the model in the first-mile scenario in Singapore Tampinesarea is selected as the case study, where only bus is considered for PT system.