 This describes the tendency of people with a below-average IQ to overestimate their IQ , and of people with an above-average IQ to underestimate their IQ . This tendency was first observed by C. L. Downing, who conducted the first cross-cultural studies on perceived intelligence.
<clarity>  This describes the tendency of people with a below-average IQ to overestimate their IQ , and of people with an above-average IQ to underestimate their IQ . This tendency was first observed by C. L. Downing, who conducted the first cross-cultural studies on perceived intelligence.
 This describes the tendency of people with a below-average IQ to overestimate their IQs , and of people with an above-average IQ to underestimate their IQ . This tendency was first observed by C. L. Downing, who conducted the first cross-cultural studies on perceived intelligence.