 We first estimate marginal effects and treatment propensities  to form an objective function that isolates the heterogeneous treatment effects, and then optimize the learned objective . This approach has several advantages over existing methods.
<meaning-changed>  We first estimate marginal effects and treatment propensities  to form an objective function that isolates the heterogeneous treatment effects, and then optimize the learned objective . This approach has several advantages over existing methods.
 We first estimate marginal effects and treatment propensities to form an objective function that isolates the causal component of the signal. Then, we optimize this data-adaptive objective function. Our approach has several advantages over existing methods.