 Cambridge 2000, pp. 32-47%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% According to Al-Nawawi, what was to be commanded and forbidden had to be determined in accordance with established Shariah principles. 'Changing the reprehensible by hand,' or by compulsion, like jihad, was the purview of the state alone. Changing with the tongue' was the right of the ulama. Ordinary, individual Muslims should only reject the reprehensible with their hearts.Fatawa Hindiyya / Fatawa Alamgiri, Dar el-Fekr, Beirut, 1310 A.H. vol.5 p.353. Quote: "Commanding the good with hand is for those in position of political authority, with tongue it is for the scholars and with the heart it for the laymen." In practice, "those who engage d%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% in the activity" of commanding and forbidding in pre-modern Islam, were "overwhelmingly scholars", according to Michael Cook.
<clarity>  Cambridge 2000, pp. 32-47%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% According to Al-Nawawi, what was to be commanded and forbidden had to be determined in accordance with established Shariah principles. 'Changing the reprehensible by hand,' or by compulsion, like jihad, was the purview of the state alone. Changing with the tongue' was the right of the ulama. Ordinary, individual Muslims should only reject the reprehensible with their hearts.Fatawa Hindiyya / Fatawa Alamgiri, Dar el-Fekr, Beirut, 1310 A.H. vol.5 p.353. Quote: "Commanding the good with hand is for those in position of political authority, with tongue it is for the scholars and with the heart it for the laymen." In practice, "those who engage d%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% in the activity" of commanding and forbidding in pre-modern Islam, were "overwhelmingly scholars", according to Michael Cook.
 Cambridge 2000, pp. 32-47%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% d%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% in the activity" of commanding and forbidding in pre-modern Islam, were "overwhelmingly scholars", according to Michael Cook.