Contrastive learning (CL) has achieved remarkable success in learning data representations without label supervision  .
<meaning-changed> Contrastive learning (CL) has achieved remarkable success in learning data representations without label supervision  .
Contrastive learning (CL) has achieved remarkable success in learning data representations without label supervision , where the encoder needs to contrast each positive sample over multiple negative samples via a one-vs-many softmax cross-entropy loss .