NMDA receptor hypofunction HFO alt=|Current source density (kCSD method) reconstruction ( red and blue dots) of the example HFO burst recorded (6 channel setup - green dots) from rat's brain (grey dots). There are increasing number of studies indicating that HFO rhythms (130–180 Hz) may arise due to the local NMDA receptor blockage, which is also a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. These NMDA receptor dependent fast oscillations were detected in different brain areas including hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex regions. Despite the fact, that these type of HFO was not yet confirmed in human patients, second generation antipsychotic drugs, widely used to treat schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (i.e. Clozapine, Risperidone), was shown to reduce HFO frequency. Recent studies, reports on the new source of HFO in the olfactory bulb structures, which is surprisingly stronger than any other previously seen in the mammalian brain. HFO in the bulb is generated by local excitatory-inhibitory circuits modulated by breathing rhythm and may be also recorded under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. This findings may aid understanding early symptoms of schizophrenia patients and their relatives, that can suffer from olfactory system impairments.
NMDA receptor hypofunction HFO alt=|Current source density reconstruction (done with kCSD method, red and blue dots) of the example HFO burst recorded (6 channel setup - green dots) from rat's brain (grey dots). There are increasing number of studies indicating that HFO rhythms (130–180 Hz) may arise due to the local NMDA receptor blockage, which is also a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. These NMDA receptor dependent fast oscillations were detected in different brain areas including hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex regions. Despite the fact, that these type of HFO was not yet confirmed in human patients, second generation antipsychotic drugs, widely used to treat schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (i.e. Clozapine, Risperidone), was shown to reduce HFO frequency. Recent studies, reports on the new source of HFO in the olfactory bulb structures, which is surprisingly stronger than any other previously seen in the mammalian brain. HFO in the bulb is generated by local excitatory-inhibitory circuits modulated by breathing rhythm and may be also recorded under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. This findings may aid understanding early symptoms of schizophrenia patients and their relatives, that can suffer from olfactory system impairments.
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(kCSD method) reconstruction (
reconstruction (done with kCSD method,