Two Ukrainian born thinkers , Lev Shestov and Nikolai Berdyaev, became well known as existentialist thinkers during their post-Revolutionary exiles in Paris. Shestov , born into a Ukrainian-Jewish family in Kiev, had launched an attack on rationalism and systematization in philosophy as early as 1905 in his book of aphorisms All Things Are Possible. Berdyaev , also from Kiev but with a background in the Eastern Orthodox Church, drew a radical distinction between the world of spirit and the everyday world of objects. Human freedom, for Berdyaev, is rooted in the realm of spirit, a realm independent of scientific notions of causation. To the extent the individual human being lives in the objective world, he is estranged from authentic spiritual freedom. "Man" is not to be interpreted naturalistically, but as a being created in God's image, an originator of free, creative acts.Ernst Breisach, Introduction to Modern Existentialism, New York (1962), pp. 173–76 He published a major work on these themes, The Destiny of Man, in 1931.
Two Russian philosophers , Lev Shestov and Nikolai Berdyaev, became well known as existentialist thinkers during their post-Revolutionary exiles in Paris. Shestov had launched an attack on rationalism and systematization in philosophy as early as 1905 in his book of aphorisms All Things Are Possible. Berdyaev drew a radical distinction between the world of spirit and the everyday world of objects. Human freedom, for Berdyaev, is rooted in the realm of spirit, a realm independent of scientific notions of causation. To the extent the individual human being lives in the objective world, he is estranged from authentic spiritual freedom. "Man" is not to be interpreted naturalistically, but as a being created in God's image, an originator of free, creative acts.Ernst Breisach, Introduction to Modern Existentialism, New York (1962), pp. 173–76 He published a major work on these themes, The Destiny of Man, in 1931.
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Ukrainian born thinkers
Russian philosophers
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, born into a Ukrainian-Jewish family in Kiev,
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Berdyaev , also from Kiev but with a background in the Eastern Orthodox Church,
Berdyaev