There are still a substantial number of ethnic Germans in the countries that are now Germany and Austria's neighbors to the east—Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, and Slovenia. In addition, there are or have been significant populations in such areas as  Estonia, Latvia,  Croatia, Serbia, Romania,  Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan .
There are still a substantial number of ethnic Germans in the countries that are now Germany and Austria's neighbors to the east—Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, and Slovenia. In addition, there are or have been significant populations in such areas as the Baltics ( Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), the Balkans ( Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Turkey) and the former Soviet Union ( Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan) .
A
the Baltics (
A
Lithuania), the Balkans (
A
Turkey) and the former Soviet Union (
D
Turkey,
R
and Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan)