Biography Smyslovsky was born in Terijoki, Grand Duchy of Finland (today Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg, Russia) , and  later joined the Russian Imperial Army where he advanced to the rank of captain in the Imperial Guards.  During the Russian Civil War he fought against the Bolsheviks in the White army and then moved to Poland, later to Germany. There he attended the Prussian Military Academy. His view was that foreign intervention and help was needed to free Russia from Bolshevism. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941  , he served on the Eastern Front and established training battalionsthat were used to fight partisans. Smyslovsky was given the command of Sonderdivision R ("special division Russia") and became the first Russian in German services to command an anti-Bolshevik unit in World War II. He soon realized that Nazi ideology was at collision with his views of intelligent use of Russian anti-Bolshevik forces and established feelers to Switzerland in case he would need asylum at the war's end. 1st Russian National Army Towards the end of the war Germany upgraded its Russian volunteers in the war effort, and Smyslovsky's forces were elevated to the 1st Russian National Army  on 10 March 1945. By April 1945, Smyslovsky had moved his fighters to Feldkirch where he met Grand Duke Vladimir Cyrillovich, the Romanov claimant to the Russian Imperial Crown. The whittled-down army of 462 men, 30 women, and 2 children then moved into neutral URL ARGENTINA: Last of the Wehrmacht – Monday, Apr. 13, 1953 on 2 May 1945, the Grand Duke, however, decided to stay in the US occupied zone in Austria because neither Liechtenstein nor Switzerland would issue him a visa. The Russians were cared for by the Liechtenstein Red Cross. On 16 August 1945, a Soviet delegation came to Liechtenstein in an attempt to repatriate the Russians. Homesick and subject to cajoling and menacing, about 200 of the group agreed to return. They departed in a train to Vienna and nothing was ever heard of them again. The remainder stayed in Liechtenstein for another year, resisting with support of Liechtenstein further pressure by the Soviet government to participate in the repatriation program. Eventually the government of Argentina offered asylum, and about a hundred people left. Smyslovsky was visited by Allen Dulles and other Western military experts to learn more about his expertise regarding the Soviet Union and handed information over to Reinhard Gehlen's espionage system.
Early life Smyslovsky was born in Terijoki, Grand Duchy of Finland (today Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg, Russia) . World War I He later joined the Imperial Russian Army where he advanced to the rank of captain in the Imperial Guards. Russian Civil War and Interwar During the Russian Civil War he fought against the Bolsheviks in the White army and then moved to Poland, later to Germany. There he attended the Prussian Military Academy. His view was that foreign intervention and help was needed to free Russia from Bolshevism. World War II The White émigré and Russian nationalist Boris Smyslovksy, commanded the Eastern battalion of the Russian All-Military Union based in Warsaw, and in July 1941 formed an Abwehr Training Battalion (Lehrbattalion) for anti-partisan and warfare duties under Wehrmacht Army Group North. By December, he had recruited more than 10 , 000 Russians into 12 reconnaissance battalions, unified into Sonderdivision R. In March 1942, Smyslovsky formed the Sonderstab R counter-intelligence agency in Warsaw, with Colonel Mikhail M. Shapovalov controlling 1,000 agents in detachment in Pskov. He soon realized that Nazi ideology was at collision with his views of intelligent use of Russian anti-Bolshevik forces and established feelers to Switzerland in case he would need asylum at the war's end. 1st Russian National Army Towards the end of the war Germany upgraded its Russian volunteers in the war effort, and the army led by Smyslovsky was eventually elevated to the 1st Russian National Army , i.e. the status of an independent allied army, on 10 March 1945. By April 1945, Smyslovsky had moved his fighters to Feldkirch where he met Grand Duke Vladimir Cyrillovich, the Romanov claimant to the Russian Imperial Crown. The whittled-down army of 462 men, 30 women, and 2 children then moved into neutral URL ARGENTINA: Last of the Wehrmacht – Monday, Apr. 13, 1953 on 2 May 1945, the Grand Duke, however, decided to stay in the US occupied zone in Austria because neither Liechtenstein nor Switzerland would issue him a visa. The Russians were cared for by the Liechtenstein Red Cross. On 16 August 1945, a Soviet delegation came to Liechtenstein in an attempt to repatriate the Russians. Homesick and subject to cajoling and menacing, about 200 of the group agreed to return. They departed in a train to Vienna and nothing was ever heard of them again. The remainder stayed in Liechtenstein for another year, resisting with support of Liechtenstein further pressure by the Soviet government to participate in the repatriation program. Eventually the government of Argentina offered asylum, and about a hundred people left. Smyslovsky was visited by Allen Dulles and other Western military experts to learn more about his expertise regarding the Soviet Union and handed information over to Reinhard Gehlen's espionage system.
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Biography
Early life
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, and
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World War I He
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Russian Imperial
Imperial Russian
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Russian Civil War and Interwar
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When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in
World War II The White émigré and Russian nationalist Boris Smyslovksy, commanded the Eastern battalion of the Russian All-Military Union based in Warsaw, and in July
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formed an Abwehr Training Battalion (Lehrbattalion) for anti-partisan and warfare duties under Wehrmacht Army Group North. By December, he had recruited more than 10
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he served on the Eastern Front and established training battalionsthat were used to fight partisans. Smyslovsky was given the command of Sonderdivision R ("special division Russia") and became the first Russian in German services to command an anti-Bolshevik unit in World War II.
000 Russians into 12 reconnaissance battalions, unified into Sonderdivision R. In March 1942, Smyslovsky formed the Sonderstab R counter-intelligence agency in Warsaw, with Colonel Mikhail M. Shapovalov controlling 1,000 agents in detachment in Pskov.
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Smyslovsky's forces were
the army led by Smyslovsky was eventually
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, i.e. the status of an independent allied army,