General relationship Intelligence and personality have some common features; for example, they both follow a relatively stable pattern throughout the whole of one’s life, which is genetically determinedin different degrees . In addition, they are both significant predictors of various outcomes, such as educational achievement, occupational performance, and health. However, the traditional view in psychology is that there is no meaningful relationship between personality and intelligence and they should be studied as separate entities  . Firstly, intelligence is considered to be a cognitive process, while personality is recognised as being non-cognitive , and this implies that there is a great distinction between personality and intelligence . However, other psychologists argue that the distinction between cognitive and non-cognitive is vague because almost all personality traits have cognitive attributes, although they are more obvious in some traits than in others . For example, neuroticism is a personality trait , but is also related to rumination and compulsive thinking about possible threats , while agreeableness is associated with understanding and considering the mental state of others. In addition, different methods are generally used to assess intelligence and personality . Intelligence is normally measured by means of ability tests  , whereas personality is usually assessed by means of questionnaires. Furthermore, different typical measurements lead to another conceptual distinction, which is that intelligence is considered to indicate individuals’ maximal performance, while personality is believed to reflect their typical behaviour. However, others argue that multiple methods can be used to assess intelligence and personality; for example, questionnaires that require to be rated by self, peers or observers can also be used to measure individuals’ mental ability, although these kinds of measurement may lack accuracy. Therefore, different typical methods cannot prove that the relationship between intelligence and personality is a meaningless one. In addition, since individuals’ ability can also affect their typical behaviour, IQ can predict outcomes related to aspects such as performance at work, academic achievement, and health. Therefore, ability tests can provide indices of both maximal performance and typical behaviour.
General relationship Intelligence and personality have some common features; for example, they both follow a relatively stable pattern throughout the whole of one’s life, and are to some degree genetically determined . In addition, they are both significant predictors of various outcomes, such as educational achievement, occupational performance, and health. The traditional view in psychology that personality and intelligence should be studied as separate entities has come under scrutiny in light of modern personality research . Historically, psychologists have drawn a hard distinction between intelligence and personality, arguing that intelligence is a cognitive trait while personality is non-cognitive . However, modern psychologists argue that intelligence and personality are intertwined, noting that personality traits tend to be related to specific cognitive patterns . For example, neuroticism is a personality trait that is related to rumination and compulsive thinking about possible threats . Similarly, agreeableness is a personality trait that is related to the consideration of others' mental states. The finding that IQ predicts work performance, academic achievement, and health might also point to a link between intelligence and personality , or else be grounds for further research into their relationship. In considering the ties between intelligence and personality, it may be worth noting that they are typically not tested in the same way. Intelligence is assessed using ability tests (such as I.Q. tests) , whereas personality is assessed using questionnaires. It has been suggested that intelligence should reflect an individual's maximal performance, while personality should reflect their typical behaviour.
R
which is genetically determinedin different degrees
and are to some degree genetically determined
R
However, the
The
R
is that there is no meaningful relationship between
that
D
and they
A
has come under scrutiny in light of modern personality research
R
Firstly, intelligence is considered to be a cognitive process,
Historically, psychologists have drawn a hard distinction between intelligence and personality, arguing that intelligence is a cognitive trait
D
recognised as being
D
, and this implies that there is a great distinction between personality and intelligence
R
other
modern
R
the distinction between cognitive and non-cognitive is vague because almost all personality traits have cognitive attributes, although they are more obvious in some traits than in others
intelligence and personality are intertwined, noting that personality traits tend to be related to specific cognitive patterns
R
, but is also
that is
D
, while agreeableness is associated with understanding and considering the mental state of others.
R
In addition, different methods are generally used to assess
. Similarly, agreeableness is a personality trait that is related to the consideration of others' mental states. The finding that IQ predicts work performance, academic achievement, and health might also point to a link between
R
. Intelligence is normally measured by means of ability tests
, or else be grounds for further research into their relationship.
A
In considering the ties between intelligence and personality, it may be worth noting that they are typically not tested in the same way. Intelligence is assessed using ability tests (such as I.Q. tests)
R
usually assessed by means of questionnaires. Furthermore, different typical measurements lead to another conceptual distinction, which is that intelligence is considered to indicate individuals’
assessed using questionnaires. It has been suggested that intelligence should reflect an individual's
R
is believed to reflect their typical behaviour. However, others argue that multiple methods can be used to assess intelligence and personality; for example, questionnaires that require to be rated by self, peers or observers can also be used to measure individuals’ mental ability, although these kinds of measurement may lack accuracy. Therefore, different typical methods cannot prove that the relationship between intelligence and personality is a meaningless one. In addition, since individuals’ ability can also affect their typical behaviour, IQ can predict outcomes related to aspects such as performance at work, academic achievement, and health. Therefore, ability tests can provide indices of both maximal performance and
should reflect their