The neurotrophic electrode, as described above, is a wireless device, and transmits its signals transcutaneously. In addition, it has demonstrated longevity of over four years in a human patient, because every component is completely biocompatible. Recent data from a locked-in person implanted for 13 years clearly show no scarring and many myelinated neurafilaments (axons)[12] Gearin M and Kennedy PR. Histological confirmation of myelinated neural filaments within the tip of the Neurotrophic Electrode after a decade of neural recordings. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 21 April 2020. So the longevity question has been answered for the Neurotrophic Electrode. In comparison, the wire type electrodes (Utah array) lose signal over months and years: The Utah array loses 85\% of its signals over 3 years[13], Intracortical recording stability in human brain-computer interface users. Downey JE1, Schwed N, Chase SM, Schwartz AB, Collinger JL. J Neural Eng. 2018 Aug;15(4):046016. so it cannot be considered for long term human usage. Elon Musk's electrode is also metal and all the money in the world is not going to change the basic laws of biophysics. The ECOG system loses signals in less than 2 years[14].Degenhart, A. D., Eles, J., Dum, R., Mischel, J. L., Smalianchuk, I., Endler, B., et al. (2016). Histological evaluation of a chronically-implanted electrocorticographic electrode grid in a non-human primate. J. Neural Eng. 13:046019. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/4/046019  Data from metal electrodes, however, are very useful in the short term and have produced copious amounts of very useful data in the brain to computer research space. The Neurotrophic Electrode is limited in the amount of information it can provide, however, because the electronics it uses to transmit its signal require so much space on the scalp that only four can fit on a human skull. This is old news. Modern amplifiers are solving that problem. More importantly, there are about 20 single unit per electrode . Recent results demonstrate clearly that one electrode with 23 single units could decode audible and silent speech, specifically phones, words and phrases[15].Kennedy P.R., Gambrell C, Ehirim P, and Cervantes A. Advances in the development of a speech prosthesis. Book chapter in Brain-Machine Interfaces: Uses and Developments accepted 2017
The neurotrophic electrode, as described above, is a wireless device, and transmits its signals transcutaneously. In addition, it has demonstrated longevity of over four years in a human patient, because every component is completely biocompatible. Recent data from a locked-in person implanted for 13 years clearly show no scarring and many myelinated neurafilaments (axons)[12] Gearin M and Kennedy PR. Histological confirmation of myelinated neural filaments within the tip of the Neurotrophic Electrode after a decade of neural recordings. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 21 April 2020. So the longevity question has been answered for the Neurotrophic Electrode. In comparison, the wire type electrodes (Utah array) lose signal over months and years: The Utah array loses 85\% of its signals over 3 years[13], Intracortical recording stability in human brain-computer interface users. Downey JE1, Schwed N, Chase SM, Schwartz AB, Collinger JL. J Neural Eng. 2018 Aug;15(4):046016. so it cannot be considered for long term human usage. The ECOG system loses signals in less than 2 years[14].Degenhart, A. D., Eles, J., Dum, R., Mischel, J. L., Smalianchuk, I., Endler, B., et al. (2016). Histological evaluation of a chronically-implanted electrocorticographic electrode grid in a non-human primate. J. Neural Eng. 13:046019. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/4/046019 Many emerging electrode types, such as those being developed by Neuralink, still suffer from similar problems. Data from metal electrodes, however, are very useful in the short term and have produced copious amounts of very useful data in the brain to computer research space. The Neurotrophic Electrode was limited in the amount of information it could provide, however, because the electronics it used to transmit its signal required so much space on the scalp only four could fit on a human skull. This is becoming less of an issue over time as amplifier technology improves. Additionally, small electrode numbers have proven to still be useful. There are about 20 single unit per electrode , and recent results demonstrate one electrode with 23 single units could decode audible and silent speech, specifically phones, words and phrases[15].Kennedy P.R., Gambrell C, Ehirim P, and Cervantes A. Advances in the development of a speech prosthesis. Book chapter in Brain-Machine Interfaces: Uses and Developments accepted 2017
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Elon Musk's electrode is also metal and all the money in the world is not going to change the basic laws of biophysics.
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Many emerging electrode types, such as those being developed by Neuralink, still suffer from similar problems.
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old news. Modern amplifiers are solving that problem. More importantly, there
becoming less of an issue over time as amplifier technology improves. Additionally, small electrode numbers have proven to still be useful. There
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, and recent results demonstrate