A FCVS allows for the release of the over-pressure through a scrubber normally containing water, stones and chemicals, where most of the fission products are contained. This reduces the radioactive release to the environment with up to 99\%. There are two main types of FCVS called dry and wet. The former uses a filter made out of gravel or sand   . The modern concept of FCVS came from the consequences of the WASH-1400 report and the  Three Mile Island accident in the late 1970s, as well as the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986. Many countries require nuclear power plants to have FCVS  , for example, Sweden, Switzerland , Germany, and France . However, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant involved in the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster was not equipped with FCVS  .
 There are two main types of FCVS : Dry, using a gravel or sand-bed filter Wet, using a scrubber in a liquid solution Both allow the removal of most of the aerosols (including cesium, >99.9\%) and iodine ( >99\% in elemental form) contained in the vented atmosphere . The modern concept of FCVS was born from the conclusions of the WASH-1400 report and the consequences of the Three Mile Island accident in the late 1970s, and its implementation in Western Europe was accelerated by the occurrence of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986. It was realized that some accident scenarios would lead to substantial releases of radionuclides in the environment that were deemed unacceptable especially in countries in which nuclear power plants are close to population centers, such as Western Europe. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, FCVS were back-fitted to existing nuclear power plants in France, Germany , Sweden, Switzerland and Finland (except for the VVER at Loviisa). By the 2010s, FCVS had been installed in Bulgaria, Canada, and the Netherlands . However, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant involved in the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster was not equipped with FCVS . After this accident many other countries decided to upgrade their power plants with FCVS, including Belgium, China, Japan, South Korea, Spain and Romania. Furthermore, by 2014 such upgrades were being discussion in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Russia (for some plants) .
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A FCVS allows for the release of the over-pressure through a scrubber normally containing water, stones and chemicals, where most of the fission products are contained. This reduces the radioactive release to the environment with up to 99\%.
R
called dry and wet. The former uses a filter made out of gravel or sand
:
A
Dry, using a gravel or sand-bed filter Wet, using a scrubber in a liquid solution
A
Both allow the removal of most of the aerosols (including cesium, >99.9\%) and iodine ( >99\% in elemental form) contained in the vented atmosphere
R
came from the consequences
was born from the conclusions
A
consequences of the
R
as well as the
and its implementation in Western Europe was accelerated by the occurrence of the
R
Many countries require
It was realized that some accident scenarios would lead to substantial releases of radionuclides in the environment that were deemed unacceptable especially in countries in which
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to have FCVS
are close to population centers, such as Western Europe.
A
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, FCVS were back-fitted to existing nuclear power plants in France, Germany
D
for example,
R
, Germany, and France
and Finland (except for the VVER at Loviisa). By the 2010s, FCVS had been installed in Bulgaria, Canada, and the Netherlands
A
. After this accident many other countries decided to upgrade their power plants with FCVS, including Belgium, China, Japan, South Korea, Spain and Romania. Furthermore, by 2014 such upgrades were being discussion in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Russia (for some plants)