This study provides the first systematic, international, large-scale evidence on the extent and nature of multiple institutional affiliations on journal publications. Studying more than 13.6M authors and 20.5M articles from 40 countries we document that: In 2019, almost one in three articles was (co-)authored by authors with multiple affiliations and the share of authors with multiple affiliations increased from 6.7\% to 11.8 \% since 1996. The growth of multiple affiliations is prevalent in all disciplines and it is stronger in high impact journals. About 60\% of multiple affiliations involve institutions from within the academic sector and international co-affiliations  often involve institutions from the United States,  Germany and the United Kingdom as well as institutions in neighboring countries . We discuss potential causes and show that the timing of the rise in multiple affiliations can be linked to the introduction of more competitive funding structures such as 'excellence initiatives' in a number of countries. We discuss implications for science and science policy.
This study provides the first systematic, international, large-scale evidence on the extent and nature of multiple institutional affiliations on journal publications. Studying more than 15 million authors and 22 million articles from 40 countries we document that: In 2019, almost one in three articles was (co-)authored by authors with multiple affiliations and the share of authors with multiple affiliations increased from around 10\% to 16 \% since 1996. The growth of multiple affiliations is prevalent in all fields and it is stronger in high impact journals. About 60\% of multiple affiliations are between institutions from within the academic sector . International co-affiliations , which account for about a quarter of multiple affiliations, most often involve institutions from the United States, China, Germany and the United Kingdom , suggesting a core-periphery network. Network analysis also reveals a number communities of countries that are more likely to share affiliations . We discuss potential causes and show that the timing of the rise in multiple affiliations can be linked to the introduction of more competitive funding structures such as 'excellence initiatives' in a number of countries. We discuss implications for science and science policy.
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13.6M authors and 20.5M
15 million authors and 22 million
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6.7\% to 11.8
around 10\% to 16
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disciplines
fields
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involve
are between
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and international
. International
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, which account for about a quarter of multiple affiliations, most
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China,
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as well as institutions in neighboring countries
, suggesting a core-periphery network. Network analysis also reveals a number communities of countries that are more likely to share affiliations