267x267px|Graduated cylinders and beakers filled with chemicals Wet chemistry is a form of analytical chemistry that uses classical methods such as observation to analyze materials. It is called wet chemistry since most analyzing is done in the liquid phase. Wet chemistry is also called bench chemistry since many tests are performed at lab benches. Qualitative Methods Qualitative methods use changes in information that cannot be quantified to detect a change. This can include a change in color, smell, texture, etc. Chemical Tests 235x235px|When burned, lead produces a bright white flame. Chemical tests use reagents to indicate the presence of a specific chemical in an unknown solution. The reagents cause a unique reaction to occur based on the chemical it reacts with, allowing one to know what chemical is in the solution. An example is Heller's test where a test tube containing proteins has strong acids added to it. A cloudy ring forms where the substances meet, indicating the acids are denaturing the proteins. The cloud is a sign that proteins are present in a liquid. The method is used to detect proteins in a person's urine. Flame Test The flame test is a more well known version of the chemical test. It is only used on metallic ions. The metal powder is burned, causing an emission of colors based on what metal was burned. For example, Calcium (Ca) will burn orange and Copper (Cu) will burn blue. Their color emissions are used to produce bright colors in fireworks. Quantitative Methods Quantitative methods use information that can be measured and quantified to indicate a change. This can include changes in volume, concentration, weight, etc. 237x237px  |Solids are filtered out of the liquid, which is collected in the beaker. Gravimetric Analysis Gravimetric analysis measures the weight or concentration of a solid that has either formed from a precipitate or dissolved in a liquid. The mass of the liquid is recorded before undergoing the reaction. For the precipitate, a reagent is added until the precipitate stops forming. The precipitate is then dried and weighed to determine the chemicals concentration in the liquid. For a dissolved substance, the liquid can be filtered until the solids are removed or boiled until all the liquid evaporates. The solids are left alone until completely dried and then weighed to determine its concentration. Evaporating all the liquid is the more common approach. Volumetric Analysis Titration is called volumetric analysis since it relies on volume measurements to determine the quantity of a chemical. A reagent with a known volume and concentration is added to a solution with an unknown substance and concentration. The amount of reagent required for a change to occur is proportional to the amount of the unknown substances. This reveals the amount of the unknown substance present. If no visible change is present, an indicator is added to the solution. The indicator changes color based on the pH of the solution. The exact point where the color change occurs is called the endpoint. Since the color change can occur very suddenly, it is important to be extremely precise with all measurements. See also Wet laboratory Analytical Chemistry Further reading Charles M. Beck II, "Classical Analysis, A Look at the Past, Present, and Future" February 15, 1994, Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 224A-239A
267x267px|Graduated cylinders and beakers filled with chemicals Wet chemistry is a form of analytical chemistry that uses classical methods such as observation to analyze materials. It is called wet chemistry since most analyzing is done in the liquid phase. Wet chemistry is also called bench chemistry since many tests are performed at lab benches. Qualitative methods Qualitative methods use changes in information that cannot be quantified to detect a change. This can include a change in color, smell, texture, etc. Chemical tests 235x235px|When burned, lead produces a bright white flame. Chemical tests use reagents to indicate the presence of a specific chemical in an unknown solution. The reagents cause a unique reaction to occur based on the chemical it reacts with, allowing one to know what chemical is in the solution. An example is Heller's test where a test tube containing proteins has strong acids added to it. A cloudy ring forms where the substances meet, indicating the acids are denaturing the proteins. The cloud is a sign that proteins are present in a liquid. The method is used to detect proteins in a person's urine. Flame test The flame test is a more well known version of the chemical test. It is only used on metallic ions. The metal powder is burned, causing an emission of colors based on what metal was burned. For example, Calcium (Ca) will burn orange and Copper (Cu) will burn blue. Their color emissions are used to produce bright colors in fireworks. Quantitative methods Quantitative methods use information that can be measured and quantified to indicate a change. This can include changes in volume, concentration, weight, etc. Gravimetric Aanalysis File:Hot FIltration.jpg |Solids are filtered out of the liquid, which is collected in the beaker. Gravimetric analysis measures the weight or concentration of a solid that has either formed from a precipitate or dissolved in a liquid. The mass of the liquid is recorded before undergoing the reaction. For the precipitate, a reagent is added until the precipitate stops forming. The precipitate is then dried and weighed to determine the chemicals concentration in the liquid. For a dissolved substance, the liquid can be filtered until the solids are removed or boiled until all the liquid evaporates. The solids are left alone until completely dried and then weighed to determine its concentration. Evaporating all the liquid is the more common approach. Volumetric analysis Titration is called volumetric analysis since it relies on volume measurements to determine the quantity of a chemical. A reagent with a known volume and concentration is added to a solution with an unknown substance and concentration. The amount of reagent required for a change to occur is proportional to the amount of the unknown substances. This reveals the amount of the unknown substance present. If no visible change is present, an indicator is added to the solution. The indicator changes color based on the pH of the solution. The exact point where the color change occurs is called the endpoint. Since the color change can occur very suddenly, it is important to be extremely precise with all measurements. See also Analytical chemistry Wet laboratory Further reading 
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Charles M. Beck II, "Classical Analysis, A Look at the Past, Present, and Future" February 15, 1994, Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 224A-239A