A large deportation was launched against the remaining population before the end of the war in 1864 and it was mostly completed by 1867.Kazemzadeh 1974 Only a small percentage accepted to surrender and resettle within the Russian Empire. The remaining Circassian populations who refused to surrender were thus variously dispersed, resettled, tortured, and most of the time, killed en masse .. "One after another, entire Circassian tribal groups were dispersed, resettled, or killed en masse" .
A large deportation was launched against the remaining population before the end of the war in 1864 and it was mostly completed by 1867.Kazemzadeh 1974 Only a small percentage accepted to convert to Christianity and resettle within the Russian Empire. The remaining Circassian populations who refused were thus variously dispersed, resettled, tortured, and most of the time, killed en masse .
R
surrender
convert to Christianity
D
to surrender
D
.. "One after another, entire Circassian tribal groups were dispersed, resettled, or killed en masse"