Relation with endemic and epidemic diseases Multiple sporadic infections that occur steadily and with no major fluctuation with respect to time and place are referred to as endemic disease. But what is considered a low-level endemic and sporadic in one country can be considered an outbreak (or epidemic) in another. In the same country, an increase in occurrence of one disease with very many sporadic clusters can be considered a seasonal fluctuation of an endemic disease, but the same amount of occurrence for another disease traceable to a single shared source exposure or an infectious agent may be considered an epidemic. Thus, an infectious disease can occur as an epidemic in one setting or population and as sporadic or endemic in another setting or population. Molecular epidemiologist Lee Riley stated that most sporadic infections are actually part of unrecognized outbreaks and that what appears to be endemic disease occurrence (from a traditional population-based epidemiology approach) actually consists of multiple small outbreaks (from a molecular epidemiology approach) where seemingly unrelated i.e. sporadic cases are in reality epidemiologically related (belonging to the same genotype of an infecting agent). Riley considers the differentiation of a disease occurrence as endemic or epidemic to be not really meaningful. According to Riley, since most so-called sporadic occurrences of an endemic disease are actually small epidemics, rapid public health interventions against such occurrences can be made in the same way as they are done for recognized acute epidemics (i.e. epidemic in the traditional sense).
Relation with endemic and epidemic diseases According to molecular epidemiologist Lee Riley, multiple sporadic infections that occur steadily and with no major fluctuation with respect to time and place are referred to as endemic disease. But what is considered a low-level endemic and sporadic in one country can be considered an outbreak (or epidemic) in another. In the same country, an increase in occurrence of one disease with very many sporadic clusters can be considered a seasonal fluctuation of an endemic disease, but the same amount of occurrence for another disease traceable to a single shared source exposure or an infectious agent may be considered an epidemic. Thus, an infectious disease can occur as an epidemic in one setting or population and as sporadic or endemic in another setting or population. Riley claims that most sporadic infections are actually part of unrecognized outbreaks and that what appears to be endemic disease occurrence (from a traditional population-based epidemiology approach) actually consists of multiple small outbreaks (from a molecular epidemiology approach) where seemingly unrelated i.e. sporadic cases are in reality epidemiologically related (belonging to the same genotype of an infecting agent). Riley considers the differentiation of a disease occurrence as endemic or epidemic to be not really meaningful. According to Riley, since most so-called sporadic occurrences of an endemic disease are actually small epidemics, rapid public health interventions against such occurrences can be made in the same way as they are done for recognized acute epidemics (i.e. epidemic in the traditional sense).
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According to molecular epidemiologist Lee Riley, multiple
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Molecular epidemiologist Lee Riley stated
Riley claims