Tinnitus is the perception of sound when no corresponding external sound is present. Nearly everyone will experience a faint "normal tinnitus" in a completely quiet room but it is only of concern if it is bothersome or interferes with normal hearing or correlated with other problems. While often described as a ringing, it may also sound like a clicking, buzzing, hiss, or roaring. The sound may be soft or loud, low or high pitched, and often appears to be coming from one or both ears or from the head itself. In some people, the sound may interfere with concentration and in some cases it is associated with anxiety and depression. Tinnitus is usually associated with some degree of hearing loss and with decreased understanding in noisy environments. It is common, affecting about 10–15\% of people. Most, however, tolerate it well, and it is a significant problem in only 1–2\% of people. The word tinnitus comes from the Latin tinnire which means "to ring". Prevention involves avoiding exposure to loud noise for longer periods or chronically. If there is an underlying cause, treating it may lead to improvements. Otherwise, typically, management involves psychoeducation or counseling  as talk therapy. Sound generators or hearing aids may help some. However, there is no medication existing which can target the tinnitusdirectly .  Signs and symptoms Tinnitus may be perceived in various locations, more commonly in one or both ears Stouffer , J.L. and Tyler, R.S., 1990. Characterization of tinnitus by tinnitus patients. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 55(3), pp.439 -453. Searchfield, G.D., Kobayashi, K., Proudfoot, K., Tevoitdale, H. and Irving, S., 2015. The development and test–retest reliability of a method for matching perceived location of tinnitus. Journal of neuroscience methods, 256, pp.1 -8 or more central in the head. The noise can be described in many different ways but is reported as a noise inside a person's head or ear(s) in the absence of auditory stimulation. It often is described as a ringing noise, but in some people, it takes the form of a high-pitched whining, electric buzzing, hissing, humming, tinging, whistling, ticking, clicking, roaring, beeping, sizzling, a pure steady tone such as that heard during a hearing test, or sounds that slightly resemble human voices, tunes, songs, or animal sounds such as "crickets", "tree frogs", or "locusts (cicadas)". Tinnitus may be intermittent or continuous: in the latter case, it may be the cause of great distress. In some individuals, the intensity may be changed by shoulder, neck, head, tongue, jaw, or eye movements, also tinnitus loudness can vary between patients. One definition of tinnitus, as compared to normal ear noise experience, is lasting five minutes at least twice a week. However, people with tinnitus often experience the noise more frequently than this. Tinnitus can be present constantly or intermittently. Some people with constant tinnitus might not be aware of it all the time, but only for example during the night when there is less environmental noise to mask it. Chronic tinnitus can be defined as tinnitus with duration of six months or more.Henry, J.A., 2016. “Measurement” of tinnitus. Otology & Neurotology, 37(8), pp.e276-e285. Assessment of psychological processes related to tinnitus involves measurement of tinnitus severity and distress (i.e., nature and extent of tinnitus-related problems), measured subjectively by validated self-report tinnitus questionnaires. These questionnaires measure the degree of psychological distress and handicap associated with tinnitus, including effects on hearing, lifestyle, health and emotional functioning. A broader assessment of general functioning, such as levels of anxiety, depression, stress, life stressors and sleep difficulties, is also important in the assessment of tinnitus due to higher risk of negative well-being across these areas, which may be affected by or exacerbate the tinnitus symptoms for the individual. Overall, current assessment measures are aimed to identify individual levels of distress and interference, coping responses and perceptions of tinnitus in order to inform treatment and monitor progress. However, wide variability, inconsistencies and lack of consensus regarding assessment methodology are evidenced in the literature, limiting comparison of treatment effectiveness. Developed to guide diagnosis or classify severity, most tinnitus questionnaires have been shown to be treatment-sensitive outcome measures.
Tinnitus is the perception of sound when no corresponding external sound is present. Nearly everyone will experience a faint "normal tinnitus" in a completely quiet room but it is only of concern if it is bothersome or interferes with normal hearing or correlated with other problems. While often described as a ringing, it may also sound like a clicking, buzzing, hiss, or roaring. The sound may be soft or loud, low or high pitched, and often appears to be coming from one or both ears or from the head itself. In some people, the sound may interfere with concentration and in some cases it is associated with anxiety and depression. Tinnitus is usually associated with a degree of hearing loss and with decreased comprehension of speech in noisy environments. It is common, affecting about 10–15\% of people. Most, however, tolerate it well, and it is a significant problem in only 1–2\% of people. The word tinnitus comes from the Latin tinnire which means "to ring". Prevention involves avoiding exposure to loud noise for longer periods or chronically. If there is an underlying cause, treating it may lead to improvements. Otherwise, typically, management involves psychoeducation or counseling , such as talk therapy. Sound generators or hearing aids may help . But no medication can directly target tinnitus. Signs and symptoms Tinnitus may be perceived in various locations, more commonly in one or both earsStouffer , J.L. and Tyler, R.S., 1990. Characterization of tinnitus by tinnitus patients. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 55(3), pp.439 –453. Searchfield, G.D., Kobayashi, K., Proudfoot, K., Tevoitdale, H. and Irving, S., 2015. The development and test–retest reliability of a method for matching perceived location of tinnitus. Journal of neuroscience methods, 256, pp.1 –8 or more central in the head. The noise can be described in many different ways but is reported as a noise inside a person's head or ear(s) in the absence of auditory stimulation. It often is described as a ringing noise, but in some people, it takes the form of a high-pitched whining, electric buzzing, hissing, humming, tinging, whistling, ticking, clicking, roaring, beeping, sizzling, a pure steady tone such as that heard during a hearing test, or sounds that slightly resemble human voices, tunes, songs, or animal sounds such as "crickets", "tree frogs", or "locusts (cicadas)". Tinnitus may be intermittent or continuous: in the latter case, it may be the cause of great distress. In some individuals, the intensity may be changed by shoulder, neck, head, tongue, jaw, or eye movements, also tinnitus loudness can vary between patients. One definition of tinnitus, as compared to normal ear noise experience, is lasting five minutes at least twice a week. However, people with tinnitus often experience the noise more frequently than this. Tinnitus can be present constantly or intermittently. Some people with constant tinnitus might not be aware of it all the time, but only for example during the night when there is less environmental noise to mask it. Chronic tinnitus can be defined as tinnitus with duration of six months or more.Henry, J.A., 2016. "Measurement" of tinnitus. Otology & Neurotology, 37(8), pp.e276-e285. Assessment of psychological processes related to tinnitus involves measurement of tinnitus severity and distress (i.e., nature and extent of tinnitus-related problems), measured subjectively by validated self-report tinnitus questionnaires. These questionnaires measure the degree of psychological distress and handicap associated with tinnitus, including effects on hearing, lifestyle, health and emotional functioning. A broader assessment of general functioning, such as levels of anxiety, depression, stress, life stressors and sleep difficulties, is also important in the assessment of tinnitus due to higher risk of negative well-being across these areas, which may be affected by or exacerbate the tinnitus symptoms for the individual. Overall, current assessment measures are aimed to identify individual levels of distress and interference, coping responses and perceptions of tinnitus to inform treatment and monitor progress. However, wide variability, inconsistencies and lack of consensus regarding assessment methodology are evidenced in the literature, limiting comparison of treatment effectiveness. Developed to guide diagnosis or classify severity, most tinnitus questionnaires have been shown to be treatment-sensitive outcome measures.
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some
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understanding
comprehension of speech
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, such
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some. However, there is no medication existing which can target the tinnitusdirectly
A
But no medication can directly target tinnitus.
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ears Stouffer
earsStouffer
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-453.
–453.
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-8
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“Measurement”
"Measurement"
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in order