Mitochondria of brown adipocyte (BA) are the main intracellular sites for thermogenesis, which have been targeted for therapy to reduce obesity. However, there are long-standing critique and debates about the ability of raising cellular temperature by endogenous thermogenesis. Currently,  wrong theoretical model gives about five orders of magnitude less than facts, and becomes a big problem and obstacle for thermogenesis studies in the field of BA. Here, based on the first law of thermodynamics and thermal diffusion equation,  thermal physical model of thermogenesis for BA is deduced. We found the mitochondrial thermogenesis of brown adipocyte is a special case for thermal diffusion equation. The model settles the long-standing questioning about the ability of raising cellular temperature by endogenous thermogenesis, and explains the thermogenic characteristics of brown adipocyte. The model and calculations also suggest that the number of free available proton is the major limiting factor for endogenous thermogenesis and its speed.
Mitochondria of brown adipocyte (BA) are the main intracellular sites for thermogenesis, which have been targeted for therapy to reduce obesity. However, there are long-standing critique and debates about the ability of raising cellular temperature by endogenous thermogenesis. Currently, the wrong theoretical model gave about the five orders of magnitude less than facts, and became a big problem and obstacle for thermogenesis studies in the field of BA. Here, based on the first law of thermodynamics and thermal diffusion equation, the thermal physical model of thermogenesis for BA is deduced. We found the mitochondrial thermogenesis of brown adipocyte is a special case for thermal diffusion equation. The model settles the long-standing questioning about the ability of raising cellular temperature by endogenous thermogenesis, and explains the thermogenic characteristics of brown adipocyte. The model and calculations also suggest that the number of free available proton is the major limiting factor for endogenous thermogenesis and its speed.
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