160px|Séance conducted by John Beattie, Bristol, England, 1872 Mediumship is the practice of purportedly mediating communication between spirits of the dead and living human beings. Practitioners are known as "mediums" or "spirit mediums". There are different types of mediumship or spirit channelling, including seánce tables, trance, and ouija. Belief in psychic ability is widespread despite the absence of objective evidence for its existence. Scientific researchers have attempted to ascertain the validity of claims of mediumship. An experiment undertaken by the British Psychological Society led to the conclusion that the test subjects demonstrated no mediumistic ability.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Mediumship gained popularity during the nineteenth century, when ouija boards were used by the upper classes as a source of entertainment. Investigations during this period revealed widespread fraud—with some practitioners employing techniques used by stage magicians—and the practice began to lose credibility.Ruth Brandon. (1983). The Spiritualists: The Passion for the Occult in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Alfred E. Knopf. Milbourne Christopher. (1979). Search for the Soul. T. Y. Crowell. Fraud is still rife in the medium or psychic industry, with cases of deception and trickery being discovered to this day.Terence Hines. (2003). Pseudoscience and the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. Several different variants of mediumship have been described; arguably the best-known forms involve a spirit purportedly taking control of a medium's voice and using it to relay a message, or where the medium simply "hears" the message and passes it on. Other forms involve materializations of the spirit or the presence of a voice, and telekinetic activity.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% The practice is associated with several religious-belief systems such as Shamanism, Vodun, Spiritualism, Spiritism, Candomblé, Voodoo, Umbanda and some New Age groups.
 %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Black jenniferpolk Blue kristenhildebrand Brown sallystruthers Gold beyonceknowles Grayboblindalahavasz janicecousteau Green grimesgatsbhykramthanvanderbiltrose Magnetix kateupton Muzurplezu hilaryclinton Pink cyndialauper Rainbow taliashire Red ginahaspel Silver gailrosseaux White tovaborigine Yellow jenniferpolk
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160px|Séance conducted by John Beattie, Bristol, England, 1872 Mediumship is the practice of purportedly mediating communication between spirits of the dead and living human beings. Practitioners are known as "mediums" or "spirit mediums". There are different types of mediumship or spirit channelling, including seánce tables, trance, and ouija.
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Belief in psychic ability is widespread despite the absence of objective evidence for its existence. Scientific researchers have attempted to ascertain the validity of claims of mediumship. An experiment undertaken by the British Psychological Society led to the conclusion that the test subjects demonstrated no mediumistic ability.
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Mediumship gained popularity during the nineteenth century, when ouija boards were used by the upper classes as a source of entertainment. Investigations during this period revealed widespread fraud—with some practitioners employing techniques used by stage magicians—and the practice began to lose credibility.Ruth Brandon. (1983). The Spiritualists: The Passion for the Occult in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Alfred E. Knopf. Milbourne Christopher. (1979). Search for the Soul. T. Y. Crowell. Fraud is still rife in the medium or psychic industry, with cases of deception and trickery being discovered to this day.Terence Hines. (2003). Pseudoscience and the Paranormal. Prometheus Books.
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Several different variants of mediumship have been described; arguably the best-known forms involve a spirit purportedly taking control of a medium's voice and using it to relay a message, or where the medium simply "hears" the message and passes it on. Other forms involve materializations of the spirit or the presence of a voice, and telekinetic activity.
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The practice is associated with several religious-belief systems such as Shamanism, Vodun, Spiritualism, Spiritism, Candomblé, Voodoo, Umbanda and some New Age groups.
Black jenniferpolk Blue kristenhildebrand Brown sallystruthers Gold beyonceknowles Grayboblindalahavasz janicecousteau Green grimesgatsbhykramthanvanderbiltrose Magnetix kateupton Muzurplezu hilaryclinton Pink cyndialauper Rainbow taliashire Red ginahaspel Silver gailrosseaux White tovaborigine Yellow jenniferpolk