Mongolian constellations and cosmogony were inherited from the occidental civilisation notably by the contact with Alexander the Great and was largely influenced by Chinese civilization and Buddhism, resulting in numerous myths and beliefs linked with what surrounds them. The local wild and fauna are the main themes of this starlore. The wealth of their cosmogony is probably to link with the observation conditions for whom they benefit even now . In the past, the necessity for them to move and to get one's bearing even during the night and at different seasons, by searching the weather's mildness, is probably one of the element which developed their imaginary facing the sky. The  constellations are inspired by occidental ones, but the Mongolian cosmogony , briefly exposed here, highlights a notable identity of beliefs which are associated with it. Mongolian culture and knowledge transmission is essentially verbal, and so few written traces exist about these subjects. It is therefore particularly hard to relate their cosmogony with high fidelity and precision. In order to preserve knowledge about this cosmogony, it is essential to put down in writing that it is possible to learn during oral exchanges with Mongolians. Constellations Generally, stars represent animals turning around the North Star which is symbolized by the golden stick (Altan Hadaas). Almost all Mongolian asterisms are similar to those that we know. However some have other names like Num Sum (The Bow and the Arrow) for the constellation Swan, or Doloon Burkhan for the seven stars of the Big Dipper . The three kings (Orion's belt) stars refers to three stags ( Gurvan Maral Od in Mongolian) . And Cassiopeia represents, in the Mongolian imagination, the Five men ( Hun Tavan Od ) . Planets and stars Originally, Tibeto-Mongolian astrology calculates the positions of each of the planets visible with the naked eye . Because planets beyond Saturnare not visible without a telescope (the instrument which appeared long time after the creation of their astrology), the Mongolians have attributed one of the five planets for each day of the week, completing with  the Sun (Nar) for Sunday and the Moon(Sar) for Monday . The names of the Solar System's planets and Pluto have some peculiarities in Mongolian. Mercuryis named Bud(associated with Wednesday), Venus, Sugar(associated with Friday),  the Earth, Delkhii , Mars, Angarag(associated with Tuesday), Jupiter, Barhasbadi(associated with Thursday), Saturn, Sanchir(associated with Saturday), Uranus ,  Tengeriin-van , Neptun, Dalai-van and at last Pluto, Dalkhii-van. The last three, invisible to the naked eye and discovered long time after the others, have the characteristic to have the  particle -van at the end of the name , indicating the princely statusin Mongolian. Earth and Pluto are named similarly, except that this last one has this particle. It is possible to translate from Mongolian Pluto like " The princely ground" (ground and not Earth because it means here the surface on which we walk, not the Earth. Uranus , Tengeriin-van, could be translated as "  princely sky", and Neptun, Dalai-van, as the " princely ocean".Nevertheless, this particle has no real equivalent in English, and translations above are presented to give an idea of the planets name's meaning. However, the names of the celestial bodies specified here come from Sanskrit (language spoken in India) and are largely used in the current language in Mongolia but in an unofficial way. Well known in Mongolian star lore concerns Alcor, the star located above Mizar in the Big Bear  . It symbolises the recovery and protection star. It was placed here by Tengeriin( god of heaven ) to protect Mizar. To become an archer for Genghis Khan (13th century), one had to be able to discern these two stars with the naked eye. From a historic point of view, this excellent knowledge of the sky goes back to Ulug Beg (AD1394-1449; Taraghay by his real name), astronomer, mathematician and viceroy in Samarkand  whose empire spread as far as Central Asia. Turning away from his royal obligations, he examined celestial bodies and astronomical questions of his time. He is the first to precisely measure Saturn's revolution period (Sanchir) with a sextant of 40 meters radius.
Mongolian constellations and cosmogony were inherited from the Western_world civilisation notably by the contact with Alexander the Great and was largely influenced by Chinese civilization and Buddhism, resulting in numerous myths and beliefs linked with what surrounds them. The local wild fauna are the main themes of the belief system . In the past, the necessity for them to move and to get one's bearing even during the night and at different seasons, by searching the weather's mildness, is probably one of the element which developed their imaginary facing the sky. The key constellations are inspired by occidental ones, but the Mongolian cosmogony associates its own beliefs with them. As Mongolian knowledge transmission is mainly verbal, there are few written sources. Constellations Generally, stars represent animals turning around the North Star which is symbolized by the golden stick (Altan Hadaas). Constellations that have different names from Western astrology include Num Sum (The Bow and the Arrow) for the Swan, Doloon Burkhan for the seven stars of the Big Dipper , Gurvan Maral Od (the Three Kings) for Orion's Belt, and Hun Tavan Od (the Five Men) is Cassiopeia . Planets and stars Mongolian astrology calculates the positions of each of the planets visible with the naked eye : Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The names of the celestial and the days they are associated with are: the Sun: Nar, Sunday the Moon, Sar, Monday Mercury: Bud , Wednesday Venus: Sugar, Friday the Earth: Delkhii Mars: Angarag, Tuesday Jupiter: Barhasbadi, Thursday Saturn: Sanchir, Saturday Uranus: Tengeriin-van Neptune: Dalai-van Pluto: Dalkhii-van. The particle -van at the end of the name of the final three indicates royal status. Therefore a possible translation of Pluto is " the princely ground" ; Uranus as " the princely sky", and Neptune as " the princely ocean." The names of the celestial bodies come from Sanskrit and are largely used in Mongolian, but in an unofficial way. The star located above Mizar in the Big Bear constellation is prominent in Mongolian astrology . It symbolises the recovery and protection star. According to legend, it was placed there by Tengeriin, the god of heaven , to protect Mizar. In the thirteenth century, to become an archer for Genghis Khan one had to be able to identify these two stars with the naked eye. Mongolian expertise in astrology and astronomy goes back to the fourteenth and fifteenth century astronomer, mathematician and viceroy in Samarkand , Taraghay, known as Ulug Beg, whose empire spread to Central Asia. Turning away from his royal obligations, he examined celestial bodies and astronomical questions . He was the first to precisely measure Saturn's revolution period (Sanchir) with a sextant of 40 meters radius.
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