Initially, the term "Matins" from Latin , meaning "of or belonging to the morning", Lewis and Short, Latin Dictionary was applied to the psalms recited at dawn. At first "Lauds" (i.e. praises) derived from the three last psalms in the office (148, 149, 150), in all of which the word is repeated frequently, and to such an extent that originally the word Lauds designated the end, that is to say, these three psalms with the conclusion. By the fourth century the word "matins" became attached to the prayer originally offered at cockcrow.Constitutions of the Holy Apostles , VIII, iv, 34 and, according to the sixth-century Rule of Saint Benedict, could be calculated to be the eighth hour of the night (the hour that began at about 2 a.m.). Rule of Saint Benedict, 8Delatte, Commentary on the Rule of St. Benedict (Wipf and Stock 1922), p. 141 Outside of monasteries few rose at night to pray. The canonical hour of the vigil was said in the morning, followed immediately by lauds, and the name of "matins" replaced that of "vigils". Gradually the title "Lauds" was applied to the early morning office.Cabrol, Fernand. "Lauds." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 6 October 2019 The monastic rule drawn up by Benedict of Nursia ( – ) distinguishes between the seven daytime canonical hours of lauds (dawn), prime (sunrise), terce (mid-morning), sext (midday), none (mid-afternoon), vespers (sunset), compline (retiring) and the one nighttime canonical hour of night watch. It links the seven daytime offices with Psalm 118/119:164, "Seven times a day I praise you for your righteous rules"; Psalm 119:164 and the one nighttime office with Psalm 118/119:62, "At midnight I rise to praise you, because of your righteous rules", Psalm 119:62Regula S.P.N. Benedicti, caput 6Rule of Saint Benedict, chapter 16 In this reckoning, the one nocturnal office, together with lauds and vespers, are the three major hours, the other five are the minor or little hours. Code of Rubrics (1960), 138Felix Just, "The Liturgy of the Hours" Revisions The Council of Trent, in its final session on 4 December 1563, entrusted the reform of the Breviary to the Pope.Council of Trent, Decree on Reformation, Chapter XXI On 9 July 1568, Pope Pius V, the successor of the pope who closed the Council of Trent, promulgated an edition, known as the Roman Breviary, with his Apostolic Constitution , imposing it in the same way in which, two years later, he imposed his Roman Missal. In Defense of the Pauline Mass Later popes altered the Roman Breviary of Pope Pius V. Pope Pius XII began reforming the Roman Breviary, allowing use of a new translation of the Psalms and establishing a special commission to study a general revision, with a view to which all the Catholic bishops were consulted in 1955. His successor, Pope John XXIII, made a further revision in 1960.
Initially, the term "Matins" from Latin , meaning "of or belonging to the morning", was applied to the psalms recited at dawn. At first "Lauds" (i.e. praises) derived from the three last psalms in the office (148, 149, 150), in all of which the word is repeated frequently, and to such an extent that originally the word Lauds designated the end, that is to say, these three psalms with the conclusion. By the fourth century the word "matins" became attached to the prayer originally offered at cockcrow.Constitutions of the Holy Apostles , VIII, iv, 34 and, according to the sixth-century Rule of Saint Benedict, could be calculated to be the eighth hour of the night (the hour that began at about 2 a.m.). Outside of monasteries few rose at night to pray. The canonical hour of the vigil was said in the morning, followed immediately by lauds, and the name of "matins" replaced that of "vigils". Gradually the title "Lauds" was applied to the early morning office.Cabrol, Fernand. "Lauds." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 6 October 2019 The monastic rule drawn up by Benedict of Nursia ( – ) distinguishes between the seven daytime canonical hours of lauds (dawn), prime (sunrise), terce (mid-morning), sext (midday), none (mid-afternoon), vespers (sunset), compline (retiring) and the one nighttime canonical hour of night watch. It links the seven daytime offices with Psalm 118/119:164, "Seven times a day I praise you for your righteous rules"; and the one nighttime office with Psalm 118/119:62, "At midnight I rise to praise you, because of your righteous rules", In this reckoning, the one nocturnal office, together with lauds and vespers, are the three major hours, the other five are the minor or little hours. Revisions The Council of Trent, in its final session on 4 December 1563, entrusted the reform of the Breviary to the Pope.Council of Trent, Decree on Reformation, Chapter XXI On 9 July 1568, Pope Pius V, the successor of the pope who closed the Council of Trent, promulgated an edition, known as the Roman Breviary, with his Apostolic Constitution , imposing it in the same way in which, two years later, he imposed his Roman Missal. Later popes altered the Roman Breviary of Pope Pius V. Pope Pius XII began reforming the Roman Breviary, allowing use of a new translation of the Psalms and establishing a special commission to study a general revision, with a view to which all the Catholic bishops were consulted in 1955. His successor, Pope John XXIII, made a further revision in 1960.
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Lewis and Short, Latin Dictionary
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Rule of Saint Benedict, 8Delatte, Commentary on the Rule of St. Benedict (Wipf and Stock 1922), p. 141
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Psalm 119:164
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Psalm 119:62Regula S.P.N. Benedicti, caput 6Rule of Saint Benedict, chapter 16
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Code of Rubrics (1960), 138Felix Just, "The Liturgy of the Hours"
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In Defense of the Pauline Mass