The collective behaviour of proteins on biomembranes is usually studied within the spontaneous curvature model. Here we consider an alternative approach, which accounts consistently for the liquid-crystalline order of proteins together with the morphology of biomembrane. We show analytically that the anchoring forces exerted on the membrane by a layer of proteins can lead to the membrane bending. Within a broad range of parameters the calculated equilibrium shapes are similar to the ones observed in experiments while budding of vesicles and division of cells . The predicted instabilities can advance our conceptual understanding of the collective phenomena in biological systems  .
The collective behavior of proteins on biomembranes is usually studied within the spontaneous curvature model. Here we consider a novel approach, which accounts consistently for the liquid-crystalline order of proteins together with the morphology of biomembrane. We show analytically that the anchoring forces exerted on the membrane by a layer of proteins can lead to the membrane bending. We find equilibrium shapes similar to the ones observed during the budding of vesicles and cell division . The predicted instabilities can advance our conceptual understanding of the collective phenomena in biological systems , in particular those with inherent anisotropy .
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behaviour
behavior
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an alternative
a novel
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Within a broad range of parameters the calculated equilibrium shapes are
We find equilibrium shapes
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in experiments while
during the
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division of cells
cell division
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, in particular those with inherent anisotropy