According to Habermas, there are two types of actors without whom no political public sphere could be put to work: professionals in the media system and politicians..  For Habermas, there are five types of actors who make their appearance on the virtual stage of an established public sphere:  (a) Lobbyists who represent special interest groups; (b) Advocates who either represent general interest groups or substitute for a lack of representation of marginalized groups that are unable to voice their interests effectively ; (e) Intellectuals who have gained, unlike advocates or moral entrepreneurs, a perceived personal reputation in some field (e.g., as writers or academics) and who engage, unlike experts and lobbyists, spontaneously in public discourse with the declared intention of promoting general interests.  
According to Habermas, there are two types actors without whom no political public sphere could be put to work: professionals in the media system and politicians.. Citation | last =Habermas | first =Jürgen | author-link =Jürgen Habermas | title =Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research1 Communication Theory 16 (4): 411–426. | journal =Communication Theory | year =2006 | pages =416 | issn =1050-3293 For Habermas, there are five types actors who make their appearance on the virtual stage an established public sphere: <blockquote> (a) Lobbyists who represent special interest groups; (b) Advocates who either represent general interest groups or substitute for a lack representation marginalized groups that are unable to voice their interests effectively (e) Intellectuals who have gained, unlike advocates or moral entrepreneurs, a perceived personal reputation in some field (e.g., as writers or academics) and who engage, unlike experts and lobbyists, spontaneously in public discourse with the declared intention of promoting general interests. <ref> Citation | last =Habermas | first =Jürgen | author-link =Jürgen Habermas | title =Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The ImpactNormative Theory on Empirical Research1 Communication Theory 16 (4): 411426 | journal =Communication Theory | year =2006 | pages =416 | issn =1050-3293
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Citation | last =Habermas | first =Jürgen | author-link =Jürgen Habermas | title =Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research1 Communication Theory 16 (4): 411–426. | journal =Communication Theory | year =2006 | pages =416 | issn =1050-3293
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Citation | last =Habermas | first =Jürgen | author-link =Jürgen Habermas | title =Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The ImpactNormative Theory on Empirical Research1 Communication Theory 16 (4): 411426 | journal =Communication Theory | year =2006 | pages =416 | issn =1050-3293