On the other hand, nanoparticles have been suggested as possible candidates that can function as the transducer of magnetic field to the stimulus cue. Based on this concept, next generation of magnetogenetics technique is being developed. In 2015, Polina Anikeeva’s research group demonstrated that magneto-thermal stimulation of heat sensitive ion channel TRPV1 that employs magnetic nanoparticles as a transducer , can modulate neuronal activity in mammalian brain. In 2021, Jinwoo Cheon’s research group has successfully developed the magneto-mechanical genetics which uses magnetic stimulation derived mechanical force  . In this study, magnetic torque by rotating magnetic field was employed to activate the mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1. Results of this study show that remote, in vivo manipulation of behavior  can be done using magnetogenetics. Torque When the magnetization axis of magnetic particles is not aligned with external magnetic field, the magnetic particles will involuntarily continue to rotate to align with the axis. This rotating motion is the origin of the magnetic torque. The torque of the magnetic particles is proportional to the magnetic moment of the particles and external magnetic fields. The magnetic particles that are bound to the target proteins generate torqueing movements in the rotating or alternating magnetic field, inducing desired cell signaling or ion channel gating of mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1.
On the other hand, nanoparticles have been suggested as possible candidates that can function as the transducer of magnetic field to the stimulus cue. Based on this concept, next generation of magnetogenetics technique is being developed. In 2010, Arnd Pralle and colleges showed that the first in vivo magneto-thermal stimulation of heat sensitive ion channel TRPV1 that employs magnetic nanoparticles as a transducer in C. elegans. In 2015, Polina Anikeeva’s research group demonstrated that similar concept can enhance the neuronal signals in mammalian brain. In 2021, Jinwoo Cheon’s research group has successfully developed the magneto-mechanical genetics which uses magnetic stimulation derived mechanical force in mammalian . In this study, magnetic torque by rotating magnetic field was employed to activate the mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1. Results of this study show that remote, in vivo manipulation of behavior of mice can be done using magnetogenetics. Torque When the magnetization axis of magnetic particles is not aligned with external magnetic field, the magnetic particles will involuntarily continue to rotate to align with the axis. This rotating motion is the origin of the magnetic torque. The torque of the magnetic particles is proportional to the magnetic moment of the particles and external magnetic fields. The magnetic particles that are bound to the target proteins generate rotating movements in the rotating or alternating magnetic field, inducing desired cell signaling or ion channel gating of mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1.
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2015, Polina Anikeeva’s research group demonstrated that
2010, Arnd Pralle and colleges showed that the first in vivo
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, can modulate neuronal activity
in C. elegans. In 2015, Polina Anikeeva’s research group demonstrated that similar concept can enhance the neuronal signals
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in mammalian
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of mice
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torqueing
rotating