400px|Coin of the Himyarite Kingdom, southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, in which roman ships passing between Egypt and India would stop. This is an imitation of a coin of Augustus (1st Century CE) The Roman presence in the Arabian Peninsula had its foundations in the expansion of the empire under Augustus, and continued until the Arab conquests of Eastern Roman territory from the 620s onward. The Romans never managed to conquer the peninsula proper, except Arabia Petraea, but created a "client state" in what is now actual Yemen under Trajan .Romans in southwestern Arabian peninsula. Trajan and the Arabia Petraea province 350px  |A map of the Roman Empire shortly after Trajan's conquests of the kingdom of Nabataea, including Hegra in the interior. The province was soon reduced back to the line of limes Arabicus . The Nabateans maintained close relations with the Romans since their arrival in the southeastern Mediterranean area. Under Augustus they were a Roman client kingdom. When the emperor Trajan started his military expansions toward the east  Rabbel II Soter , one of Rome's client kings, died. This event prompted the annexation of the Nabataean Kingdom, although the manner and the formal reasons for the annexation are unclear. Some epigraphic evidence suggests a military operation, with forces from Syria and Egypt. What is clear, however, is that by 107  , Roman legions were stationed in the area around Petra and Bostra, as is shown by a papyrus (and other evidences) found in Egypt. Trajan also promoted a "client state" in the Himyarite Kingdom of the southwestern Arabian peninsula . He  also established a legionary garrison on  Farasan Island (called "Portus Ferresanus" in Latin language) , in the southern Red Sea off the coast of southern Arabia, possibly to guard the lucrative trade routes passing through the strait of Bab-el-MandebFarasan islands Roman garrison]   .  The Roman Empire gained  what became the province of Arabia Petraea (modern southern Jordan and north west Saudi Arabia).Map showing the Roman Arabia province under Trajan emperor
400px|Coin of the Himyarite Kingdom, southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, in which roman ships passing between Egypt and India would stop. This is an imitation of a coin of Augustus (1st Century CE) The Roman presence in the Arabian Peninsula had its foundations in the expansion of the empire under Augustus, and continued until the Arab conquests of Eastern Roman territory from the 620s onward. The Romans never managed to conquer the peninsula proper, except Arabia Petraea, but created a "client state" in what is now actual Yemen under Trajan ad made a legionary garrison in the Farasan IslandRomans in southwestern Arabian peninsula. Trajan and the Farasan garrison 400px |A map of the Roman Empire shortly after Trajan's conquests of the kingdom of Nabataea, including Hegra in the interior. The province was soon reduced back to the line of limes Arabicus The Nabateans maintained close relations with the Romans since their arrival in the southeastern Mediterranean area. Under Augustus they were a Roman client kingdom. When the emperor Trajan started his military expansions toward the east , Rabbel II Soter -one of Rome's client kings- died. This event prompted the annexation of his Nabataean Kingdom, although the manner and the formal reasons for the annexation are unclear. Some epigraphic evidence suggests a military operation, with forces from Syria and Egypt. What is clear, however, is that by 107 AD , Roman legions were stationed in the area around Petra and Bostra, as is shown by a papyrus (and other evidences) found in Egypt. Trajan also promoted a "client state" in the Himyarite Kingdom of the southwestern Arabian peninsula and the creation of a canal between the Nile delta and the Red sea (often historically called "Trajan canal") that was important for the growing commerce between Rome and India. Furthermore, he also established a legionary garrison on the Farasan Island (called "Portus Ferresanus" in Latin language) in the southern Red Sea off the coast of southern Arabia, possibly to guard the lucrative trade routes passing through the strait of Bab-el-MandebFarasan islands Roman garrison] : This Farasan garrison was the southernmost presence of roman legionaries in the roman empire centuries, according to recent archeological discoveries . Arabia Petraea province The Roman Empire gained -thanks to Trajan- what became the province of Arabia Petraea (modern southern Jordan and north west Saudi Arabia).Map showing the Roman Arabia province under Trajan emperor
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