In the 2000s, the military establishment later reversed its support of political Islam under General Pervez Musharraf, who pursued enlightened moderation, leading Pakistan to join the United States-led War on Terror and subsequently becoming designated as a major non-NATO ally by the Bush administration."A Plea for Enlightened Moderation", by Pervez Musharraf, 1 June 2004, The Washington Post Furthermore, in the 2010s, General Raheel Sharif pursued a policy of hardline crackdowns on Islamist militant groups, continuing this reversal of Zia-ul-Haq's aggressive pro-Islamist policies.  Reinforcement of deep-state dominance The Establishment is notable for its covert interventions and organization of military coups against the civilian government, and was reportedly behind the 1953–54 Constitutional Coup in the Dominion of Pakistan.Pakistan Constitutional Beginnings PAKISTAN – A Country Studydeclassified US Intelligence. Additionally, it has also organized the coups of 1958, 1977, and 1999. The Pakistan Army has been involved in enforcing martial law against elected civilian governments under the claim of restoring law and order in the country as is its role in the Constitution of Pakistan. It has dismissed the legislative branch and parliament a total of four times since Pakistan's creation, and maintains wider commercial, foreign, and political interests in the country. Due to this misbalance of power, the Pakistani military has faced allegations of acting as state within a state. Characteristics and composition Ayesha Siddiqa, a Pakistani journalist and scholar, notes that the Establishment is overwhelmingly dominated by the Pakistani military forces (i.e. serving and retired officers, SPDF personnel, military-sponsored think-tanks etc.), with its core members also including civil bureaucrats, politicians, media houses and major economic players. Abubakar Siddique, a Bangladeshi writer, observed that the civilians involved with the Establishment, such as politicians and judges, are also very "pro-military". American political scientist Stephen Cohen explains in his book, The Idea of Pakistan:  ]  Foreign aid from the United States, Japan, and then the People's Republic of China (after 1963) was a driver of the economy. The Establishment ensured control over information dissemination through the media and academia. Radical and/or violent Islamic groups were slowly tolerated. The Establishment theoretically tolerated democratic rule and never seriously imposed Islam; the army being less tolerant of Islamists. Just by surviving, Pakistan and its Establishment would be defeating India . Civilian members of the military-dominated Establishment have included: Sharifuddin Pirzada, Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, Tariq Azim, A. K. Brohi, Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Zafar Ahmed Ansari .
In the 2000s, the military establishment later reversed its support of political Islam under General Pervez Musharraf, who pursued enlightened moderation, leading Pakistan to join the United States-led War on Terror and subsequently becoming designated as a major non-NATO ally by the Bush administration."A Plea for Enlightened Moderation", by Pervez Musharraf, 1 June 2004, The Washington Post Furthermore, in the 2010s, General Raheel Sharif pursued a policy of hardline crackdowns on Islamist militant groups, continuing this reversal of Zia-ul-Haq's aggressive pro-Islamist policies. Civilian members of the military-dominated Establishment have included: Sharifuddin Pirzada, Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, Tariq Azim, A. K. Brohi, Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Zafar Ahmed Ansari. Reinforcement of deep-state dominance The Establishment is notable for its covert interventions and organization of military coups against the civilian government, and was reportedly behind the 1953–54 Constitutional Coup in the Dominion of Pakistan.Pakistan Constitutional Beginnings PAKISTAN – A Country Studydeclassified US Intelligence. Additionally, it has also organized the coups of 1958, 1977, and 1999. The Pakistan Army has been involved in enforcing martial law against elected civilian governments under the claim of restoring law and order in the country as is its role in the Constitution of Pakistan. It has dismissed the legislative branch and parliament a total of four times since Pakistan's creation, and maintains wider commercial, foreign, and political interests in the country. Due to this misbalance of power, the Pakistani military has faced allegations of acting as state within a state. Characteristics and composition Ayesha Siddiqa, a Pakistani journalist and scholar, notes that the Establishment is overwhelmingly dominated by the Pakistani military forces (i.e. serving and retired officers, SPDF personnel, military-sponsored think-tanks etc.), with its core members also including civil bureaucrats, politicians, media houses and major economic players. Abubakar Siddique, a Bangladeshi writer, observed that the civilians involved with the Establishment, such as politicians and judges, are also very "pro-military". American political scientist Stephen Cohen says in his book, The Idea of Pakistan: "Of all of Ayub’s achievements, the most enduring was an informal political system that tied together the senior ranks of the military, the civil service, key members of the judiciary, and other elites. Subsequently dubbed the “Establishment," it resembles a classic oligarchy. Pakistani poltician, Mushahid Hussain, told that members of the Establishment included members of the business community; journalists, editors, and media experts; and a few academics and members of think tanks. At times, some foreign ambassadors with particularly close ties to the leadership were de facto members ...] Military officers and civilian bureaucrats above a certain level were potential members. As Hussain notes, the informality of the Establishment ensures that occupying a particular post does not confer membership. Foreign aid from the United States, Japan, and then the People's Republic of China (after 1963) was a driver of the economy. The Establishment ensured control over information dissemination through the media and academia. Radical and/or violent Islamic groups were slowly tolerated. The Establishment theoretically tolerated democratic rule and never seriously imposed Islam; the army being less tolerant of Islamists. Just by surviving, Pakistan and its Establishment would be defeating India .
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Civilian members of the military-dominated Establishment have included: Sharifuddin Pirzada, Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, Tariq Azim, A. K. Brohi, Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Zafar Ahmed Ansari.
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"Of all of Ayub’s achievements, the most enduring was an informal political system that tied together the senior ranks of the military, the civil service, key members of the judiciary, and other elites. Subsequently dubbed the “Establishment," it resembles a classic oligarchy. Pakistani poltician, Mushahid Hussain, told that members of the Establishment included members of the business community; journalists, editors, and media experts; and a few academics and members of think tanks. At times, some foreign ambassadors with particularly close ties to the leadership were de facto members
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Military officers and civilian bureaucrats above a certain level were potential members. As Hussain notes, the informality of the Establishment ensures that occupying a particular post does not confer membership.
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Civilian members of the military-dominated Establishment have included: Sharifuddin Pirzada, Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, Tariq Azim, A. K. Brohi, Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Zafar Ahmed Ansari