References   
In a systematic review of empirical studies, Hew, Cheung, and Ng (2010) suggested defining asynchronous online discussion forum as “a text-based computer-mediated communication environment that allows individuals to interact with one another without the constraint of time and place”. This definition can also describe synchronous online discussion if taking away the “constraint of time”. Three core elements remain to describe online discussion – text-based, computer-mediated, and interaction. References Hew, K., Cheung, W., Ng, C. (2010). Student contribution in asynchronous online discussion: a review of the research and empirical exploration. Instructional Science, 38(6), 571-606. doi: 10.1007/s11251-008-9087-0
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References
In a systematic review of empirical studies, Hew, Cheung, and Ng (2010) suggested defining asynchronous online discussion forum as “a text-based computer-mediated communication environment that allows individuals to interact with one another without the constraint of time and place”. This definition can also describe synchronous online discussion if taking away the “constraint of time”. Three core elements remain to describe online discussion – text-based, computer-mediated, and interaction.
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References
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Hew, K., Cheung, W.,
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Ng, C. (2010). Student contribution in asynchronous online discussion: a review of the research and empirical exploration. Instructional Science, 38(6), 571-606. doi: 10.1007/s11251-008-9087-0