Fine needle aspiration (FNA)  cytology has been used to examine pathological human tissue from various organs for over 100 years., Posner C. Die diagnostische Hodenpunktion. Berl Klin Wochenschr 1905;42b:1119-1121 As an alternative to open testicular biopsy for the last 40 years, it has helped to characterize states of human male infertility due to defective spermatogenesis.Hendricks FB, Lambird PA, Murph GP. Percutaneous needle biopsy of the testis. Fertil Steril.1969; 20:478-81 Although recognized as a reliable, and informative technique,Gottschalk-Sabag S, Glick T, Weiss DB. Fine needle aspiration of the testis and correlation with testicular open biopsy. Acta Cytol 1993;37:67-72.Mallidis C, Gordon Baker HW. Fine needle tissue aspiration biopsy of the testis. Fertil Steril 1994;61:367-375. testis FNA has not been widely used in U.S. to evaluate male infertility. Recently however, testicular FNA has gained popularity as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of clinical male infertility for several reasons:
FNA Mapping is an application of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to the testis for the diagnosis of male infertility. FNA cytology has been used to examine pathological human tissue from various organs for over 100 years., Posner C. Die diagnostische Hodenpunktion. Berl Klin Wochenschr 1905;42b:1119-1121 As an alternative to open testicular biopsy for the last 40 years, FNA Mapping has helped to characterize states of human male infertility due to defective spermatogenesis.Hendricks FB, Lambird PA, Murph GP. Percutaneous needle biopsy of the testis. Fertil Steril.1969; 20:478-81 Although recognized as a reliable, and informative technique,Gottschalk-Sabag S, Glick T, Weiss DB. Fine needle aspiration of the testis and correlation with testicular open biopsy. Acta Cytol 1993;37:67-72.Mallidis C, Gordon Baker HW. Fine needle tissue aspiration biopsy of the testis. Fertil Steril 1994;61:367-375. testis FNA has not been widely used in U.S. to evaluate male infertility. Recently however, testicular FNA has gained popularity as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of clinical male infertility for several reasons:
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Fine needle
FNA Mapping is an application of fine-needle
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to the testis for the diagnosis of male infertility. FNA
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FNA Mapping