The epidemiological contribution of crop residues as a source of inoculum for fungal diseases on plants, especially in cereal cropping systems, is well established. However, microbial ecologists have long reported positive effects of crop residues on the stability and productivity of several agrosystems. For this reason, no-till practices have become increasingly widespread, leading to the expression of trade-offs, or even incompatibilities, between different agro-ecological challenges. In this context , we propose a literature-based reflection on how to bridge the gap between 'crop debris management' and 'enhancing the action of microbes as direct or indirect biological control agents'. Most studies focusing on the microbiota have suggested that microbial communities should be taken into account in plant disease management, but we still know much less about their ecological interaction with pathogensin the crop residue compartment than in the phyllosphere or rhizosphere. In this review, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the impact of residues on plant disease epidemics and describe how microbial interactions on these residues could be exploited to develop innovative crop protection strategies . Starting from the classical view of residues as a source of  inoculum, we  considered possibilities for the quantitative management of residues in crop protection. We describe residues as a transient half-plant/half-soil compartment constituting a key fully fledged microbial ecosystem  . We focus on  the changes in microbial communities over time and the factors influencing them. Finally, we discuss how these communities present on residues and their interactions with pathogens could be used: from the identification of beneficial groups of URLanisms naturally present to their preservation , rather than the introduction of exogenous biocontrol agents as a 'treatment  '.
This review focuses on microbiomes associated with residues within the context of other microbial habitats in cereal-producing agroecosystems such as phyllosphere or rhizosphere. We connected residue microbiome with the survival of residue-borne fungal plant pathogens, thus combining knowledge in microbial ecology and epidemiology, two disciplines still not sufficiently connected. We provide an overview of the impact of residues on cereal disease epidemics and how dynamic interactions between microbial communities of non-buried residues during their degradation, along with soil and multitude of abiotic factors, can contribute to innovative disease management strategies, including next-generation microbiome-based biocontrol strategies . Starting from the classical but still relevant view of crop residues as a source of pathogen inoculum, we first considered possibilities for limiting the amount of residues on the soil surface to reduce the pathogen pressure. We then describe residues as a transient half-plant/half-soil compartment constituting a key fully fledged microbial ecosystem : in other words, an ecotone which deserves special attention . We focus on microbial communities, the changes in these communities over time and the factors influencing them. Finally, we discuss how the interactions between the microbial communities and the pathogens present on residues could be used: identification of keystone taxa and beneficial assemblages, then preservation of these taxa by adapted agronomic practices or development of synthetic communities , rather than the introduction of a single exogenous biocontrol species designed as a 'treatment product '.
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The epidemiological contribution of crop residues as a source of inoculum for fungal diseases on plants, especially in cereal cropping systems, is well established. However, microbial ecologists have long reported positive effects of crop residues on the stability and productivity of several agrosystems. For this reason, no-till practices have become increasingly widespread, leading to the expression of trade-offs, or even incompatibilities, between different agro-ecological challenges. In this context , we propose a literature-based reflection on how to bridge the gap between 'crop debris management' and 'enhancing the action of microbes as direct or indirect biological control agents'. Most studies focusing on the microbiota have suggested that microbial communities should be taken into account in plant disease management, but we still know much less about their ecological interaction with pathogensin the crop residue compartment than in the phyllosphere or rhizosphere. In this review, we
This review focuses on microbiomes associated with residues within the context of other microbial habitats in cereal-producing agroecosystems such as phyllosphere or rhizosphere. We connected residue microbiome with the survival of residue-borne fungal plant pathogens, thus combining knowledge in microbial ecology and epidemiology, two disciplines still not sufficiently connected. We
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what is currently known about
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plant
cereal
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describe how microbial interactions on these residues could be exploited to develop innovative crop protection strategies
how dynamic interactions between microbial communities of non-buried residues during their degradation, along with soil and multitude of abiotic factors, can contribute to innovative disease management strategies, including next-generation microbiome-based biocontrol strategies
R
view of
but still relevant view of crop
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pathogen
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first
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the quantitative management of residues in crop protection. We
limiting the amount of residues on the soil surface to reduce the pathogen pressure. We then
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: in other words, an ecotone which deserves special attention
A
microbial communities,
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microbial
these
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these communities
the interactions between the microbial communities and the pathogens
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and their interactions with pathogens
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from the identification of beneficial groups of URLanisms naturally present to their preservation
identification of keystone taxa and beneficial assemblages, then preservation of these taxa by adapted agronomic practices or development of synthetic communities
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exogenous biocontrol agents
a single exogenous biocontrol species designed
A
product