Motivated by recent concerns that queuing delays in the Internet are on the rise, we conduct a performance evaluation of Compound TCP (C-TCP) in two topologies: a single bottleneck and a multi-bottleneck topology  . The first topology consists of a single core router, and the second consists of two distinct sets of TCP flows, regulated by two edge routers, feeding into a common core router. For both topologies , we develop fluid models and conduct a detailed local stability analysis in the small buffer regime, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for local stability. Further, we show that the underlying non-linear models undergo a Hopf bifurcation as the stability conditions just get violated. Using a combination of analysis and packet-level simulations, we emphasise that larger buffer thresholds , in addition to increasing latency, are prone to inducing limit cycles  . These limit cycles in turn cause synchronisation among the TCP flows, and also result in a loss of link utilisation. For the single bottleneck topology, we empirically analyse some statistical properties of the bottleneck queue. We highlight that in a high bandwidth-delay product and a small buffer regime , and with a large number of long-lived flows, the bottleneck queue may be modelled as an M/M/1/B or an M/D/1/B queue. The combination of the dynamical and the statistical properties explored in this paper could have important implications for quality of service in the Internet .
Motivated by recent concerns that queuing delays in the Internet are on the rise, we conduct a performance evaluation of Compound TCP (C-TCP) in two topologies: a single bottleneck and a multi-bottleneck topology , under different traffic scenarios . The first topology consists of a single bottleneck router, and the second consists of two distinct sets of TCP flows, regulated by two edge routers, feeding into a common core router. We focus on some dynamical and statistical properties of the underlying system. From a dynamical perspective , we develop fluid models in a regime wherein the number of flows is large, bandwidth-delay product is high, buffers are dimensioned small (independent of the bandwidth-delay product) and routers deploy a Drop-Tail queue policy. A detailed local stability analysis for these models yields the following key insight: smaller buffers favour stability. Additionally, we highlight that larger buffers , in addition to increasing latency, are prone to inducing limit cycles in the system dynamics, via a Hopf bifurcation . These limit cycles in turn cause synchronisation among the TCP flows, and also result in a loss of link utilisation. For the topologies considered, we also empirically analyse some statistical properties of the bottleneck queues. These statistical analyses serve to validate an important modelling assumption: that in the regime considered, each bottleneck queue may be approximated as either an M/M/1/B or an M/D/1/B queue. This immediately makes the modelling perspective attractive and the analysis tractable. Finally, we show that smaller buffers, in addition to ensuring stability and low latency, would also yield fairly good system performance, in terms of throughput and flow completion times .
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in the small buffer regime, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for local stability. Further, we show that the underlying non-linear models undergo a Hopf bifurcation as the stability conditions just get violated. Using a combination of analysis and packet-level simulations, we emphasise that larger buffer thresholds
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The combination of the dynamical and the statistical properties explored in this paper could have important implications for quality of service in the Internet
This immediately makes the modelling perspective attractive and the analysis tractable. Finally, we show that smaller buffers, in addition to ensuring stability and low latency, would also yield fairly good system performance, in terms of throughput and flow completion times