See also Boholano writers Ethnic groups in the Philippines Famous Boholanos Tagalog people Kapampangan people Ilocano people Ivatan people Igorot people Pangasinan people Bicolano people Negrito Bisaya people Aklanon people Capiznon people Cebuano people Cuyunon people Eskaya people Hiligaynon people Karay-a people Masbateño people Porohanon people Romblomanon people Suludnon Waray people Lumad Moro people &  &   
Indigenous Bisaya religion Immortals Kaptan: the supreme god and sky god who fought against Magauayan for eons until Manaul intervened; ruler of the skyworld called Kahilwayan; controls the wind and lightningHill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company.; in some myths, is married to MaguyaenJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.; also referred as Bathala in one mythBuyser, F. (1913). Mga Sugilanong Karaan.; also referred as Abba in one chronicleOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Maguayan: the god who rules of the waters as his kingdom; father of Lidagat; brother of KaptanMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Messengers of Kaptan Dalagan: the swiftest winged giant, armed with long spears and sharp swordsMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Guidala: the bravest winged giant armed with long spears and sharp swordsMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Sinogo: the handsomest winged giant armed with long spears and sharp swords; best loved by Kaptan but betrayed his master and was imprisoned under the seaMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Maguyaen: the goddess of the winds of the seaJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Magauayan: fought against Kaptan for eons until Manaul intervenedHill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company. Manaul: the great bird who dropped great rocks upon the battle of Kaptan and Magauayan, creating islandsHill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company. Helpers of Manaul KanauayHill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company. AmihanHill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company. Lidagat: the sea married to the wind; daughter of MaguayanMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Lihangin: the wind married to the sea; son of KaptanMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Licalibutan: the rock-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; inherited the control of the wind from his father; initiated the revolt against one of his grandfathers, Kaptan; killed by Kaptan's rage; his body became the earthMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Liadlao: the gold-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; killed by Kaptan's rage during the great revolt; his body became the sunMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Libulan: the copper-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; killed by Kaptan's rage during the great revolt; his body became the moonMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Lisuga: the silver-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; accidentally killed by Kaptan's rage during her brothers' revolt; her body fragments became the starsMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Adlaw: the sun deity worshiped by the goodBuyser, F. (1913). Mga Sugilanong Karaan. Bulan: the moon deity who gives light to sinners and guides them in the nightBuyser, F. (1913). Mga Sugilanong Karaan. Bakunawa: the serpent deity who can coil around the world; sought to swallow the seven "Queen" moons, successfully eating the six, where the last is guarded by bamboosBuyser, F. (1913). Mga Sugilanong Karaan. Divities under Kaptan Makilum-sa-twan: the god of plains and valleysJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Makilum-sa-bagidan: the god of fireJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Makilum-sa-tubig: the god of the seaJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Kasaray-sarayan-sa-silgan: the god of streamsJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Magdan-durunoon: the god of hidden lakesJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Sarangan-sa-bagtiw: the god of stormsJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Suklang-malaon: the goddess of happy homesJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Alunsina: the goddess of the skyJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Abyang: another deity under KaptanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Maka-ako: also called Laon; the creator of the universeDemetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G., Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books. Linok: the god of earthquakesDemetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G.,& Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books. Makabosog: a deified chieftain who provides food for the hungryDemetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G., Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books. Sidapa: the goddess of death; co-ruler of the middleworld called Kamaritaan, together with MakaptanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Makaptan: the god of sickness; co-ruler of the middleworld called Kamaritaan, together with Sidapa; he is a brother of Magyan and SumpoyJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Deities under Sidapa and Makaptan Danapolay: the god who supervises the other deities who answer to Sidapa and MakaptanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. TagusiranganJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. DuwindihanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. DalongdonganJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Tagabititlakan-ka-adlawJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. SutaJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. AgtaJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. TabukuunJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Sappia: the goddess of mercy originating from the island of Bohol who empties the milk from her breasts onto weeds, giving the origin of white rice; when milk ran out, blood came out from her breast, giving the origin of red riceJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Tan Mulong: guardian of a spirit cave where souls may be imprisoned; has a spirit dog with one mammary gland and two genitalsDemetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G.,& Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books. Pandaque: messenger of Sidapa; sacrifice is offered to the deity so that a soul can be admitted to the skyworld, Kahilwayan, from the lower world, Kasakitan; lives in Kasakitan, despite being a messenger of Sidapa, who lives in the middleworld, KamaritaanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.; also referred as PandagoyOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Magyan: carries the souls of the dead to the lower world, Kasakitan, on his boat called balanday; co-ruler of the lower world Kasakitan, together with Sumpoy; he is a brother of Makaptan and SumpoyJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Sumpoy: takes the souls from Magyan's balanday and carries them to a place in Kasakitan called Kanitu-nituhan; co-ruler of the lower world Kasakitan, together with Magyan; he is a brother of Magyan and MakaptanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Sisiburanen: ruler of Kanitu-nituhan, a sub-realm of the lower world, Kasakitan; acts as slaver of the souls of those who cannot and have yet go into the skyworld; feeds the souls to Simuran and Siguinarugan after the souls stay in Kanitu-nituhan for yearsJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Kuruntang Simuran: one of the two giant guards of the gates of Kanitu-nituhanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Siguinarugan: one of the two giant guards of the gates of Kanitu-nituhanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.; also referred as Siginarugan and SiginarunganOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Other inhabitants of Kasakitan Abyang Durunuun: the goddess of charmsJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Saragnayan: the god of darknessJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Pinganun-pinganun: the god of enchanted placesJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Unmagad PalintiJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Sumpay Pako-PakoJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Gods of War Balangaw: the rainbowLoarca, Miguel de. (1582) 1903. Relation of the Filipinas Islands. In Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands 5. InaginidLoarca, Miguel de. (1582) 1903. Relation of the Filipinas Islands. In Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands 5. MakandukLoarca, Miguel de. (1582) 1903. Relation of the Filipinas Islands. In Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands 5. Lalahon: the goddess of fire, volcanoes, and the harvestOngsotto, Rebecca R., Ongsotto, Renna R., Ongsotto, R. M. (2005). The Study of Philippine History. Rex Book Store, Inc.; also referred as LaonOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Santonilyo: a deity who brings rain when its image is immersed at seaSan Agustín, G. (1998). Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas, 1565-1615 (Spanish Edition): Bilingual ed edition. San Agustin Museum.; deity of the white men, referring to Spanish colonizersOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Gunung: a deity of volcanoesOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Magbibaya: a deity similar to the god Magbabaya of the BukidnonOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Lumawig: a deity mentioned in the AginidOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Linug: a deity of earthquakesOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Cacao: the goddess of Mount Lantoy who sells her products through a golden ship which can flood riversSeki, K. (2001). Rethinking Maria Cacao: Legend-making in the Visayan Context. Philippine Studies Journal. Mangao: husband of CacaoSeki, K. (2001). Rethinking Maria Cacao: Legend-making in the Visayan Context. Philippine Studies Journal. Mortals Sicabay: the first womanMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Sicalac: the first manMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Libo: the first child and son of Sicabay and Sicalac; was taken south after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a brown-skinned raceMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Saman: the first daughter and second child of Sicabay and Sicalac; was taken south after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a brown-skinned raceMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Pandaguan: a younger son of Sicabay and Sicalac; a clever man who invented the fish trap which caught a giant shark; father of Arion; challenged to overpower the gods, and was punished by zappingMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Arion: son of Pandaguan who was taken north after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a white-skinned raceMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Son of Saman and Sicalac: was taken east after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a yellow-skinned raceMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Lapulapu: a ruler of Mactan who is valorous, strong, and noble, as well as driven and fearless especially in times of armed conflict; in one account, he is also a mangatang (pirate); bested Humabon in politics, trade, and ocean territory in most accounts, while in one account, Humabon managed to overcome LapulapuOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications.; defeated the Spanish forces including Magellan with aid from the forces of nature; a verified historical personMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Humabon: a ruler of Sugbo who is cautious and highly-respected, but also brave and courageous especially in times of armed conflict; a verified historical personOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Sri Lumay Bataugong: the legendary founder of Sugbo who was said to have come from SumatraOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Sri Bantug: a ruler of SugboOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Binibini Anduki: sister of Sri LumayOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Bulakna: wife of Lapulapu; in other epics, Lapulapu instead has three wives and eleven childrenOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Sawili: son of Lapulapu and BulaknaMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Zula: a ruler that Lapulapu had an enmity with due to both ruler's affection towards BulaknaOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Datu Mangal: father of Lapulapu in most versions of the story and ruler of Mactan before LapulapuOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications.; in other versions, he is Lapulapu's uncle or friend and right-hand man; has supernatural powers, various amulets of whirlpools and oil, and a flying horseMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Matang Mataunas: mother of Lapulapu; in another tale, the mother of Lapulapu is instead named Matang MatanaOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications.; also called Matang Mantaunas or BaugaMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Malingin: daughter of Datu Mangal and sister of LapulapuMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Sri Mohammed: paternal grandfather of Lapulapu in one taleOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Sri Lamaraw Dula: brother of HumabonOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Bali-Alho: chief of Bo. Maribago; can break pestles with his bare hands; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu MangalMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Tindak-Bukid: chief of Bo. Marigondon; can level a mountain with a kick; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu MangalMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Umindig: chief of Bo. Ibo, a champion wrestler; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu MangalMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Sagpang-Baha: also called Sampong-Baha; can slap back an onrushing flood; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu MangalMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Bugto-Pasan: can snap the sturdiest vines with his hands; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu MangalMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Silyo: a chief who borrowed an amulet from Datu Mangal; he never returned the amulet and was caught by Datu Mangal fleeing; was turned into a stone along with his crew by Datu Mangal through a curse; before turning a stone completely, he also uttered a curse to turn Datu Mangal into stone; another tale tells that Matang Mataunas and Malingin were also turned into stoneMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos.
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See also
Indigenous Bisaya religion
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Boholano writers Ethnic groups in the Philippines Famous Boholanos
Immortals
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Tagalog people Kapampangan people Ilocano people Ivatan people Igorot people Pangasinan people Bicolano people Negrito Bisaya people Aklanon people Capiznon people Cebuano people Cuyunon people Eskaya people Hiligaynon people Karay-a people Masbateño people Porohanon people Romblomanon people Suludnon Waray people Lumad Moro people
Kaptan: the supreme god and sky god who fought against Magauayan for eons until Manaul intervened; ruler of the skyworld called Kahilwayan; controls the wind and lightningHill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company.; in some myths, is married to MaguyaenJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.; also referred as Bathala in one mythBuyser, F. (1913). Mga Sugilanong Karaan.; also referred as Abba in one chronicleOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Maguayan: the god who rules of the waters as his kingdom; father of Lidagat; brother of KaptanMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Messengers of Kaptan Dalagan: the swiftest winged giant, armed with long spears and sharp swordsMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Guidala: the bravest winged giant armed with long spears and sharp swordsMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Sinogo: the handsomest winged giant armed with long spears and sharp swords; best loved by Kaptan but betrayed his master and was imprisoned under the seaMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Maguyaen: the goddess of the winds of the seaJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Magauayan: fought against Kaptan for eons until Manaul intervenedHill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company. Manaul: the great bird who dropped great rocks upon the battle of Kaptan and Magauayan, creating islandsHill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company. Helpers of Manaul KanauayHill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company. AmihanHill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company. Lidagat: the sea married to the wind; daughter of MaguayanMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Lihangin: the wind married to the sea; son of KaptanMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Licalibutan: the rock-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; inherited the control of the wind from his father; initiated the revolt against one of his grandfathers, Kaptan; killed by Kaptan's rage; his body became the earthMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Liadlao: the gold-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; killed by Kaptan's rage during the great revolt; his body became the sunMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Libulan: the copper-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; killed by Kaptan's rage during the great revolt; his body became the moonMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Lisuga: the silver-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; accidentally killed by Kaptan's rage during her brothers' revolt; her body fragments became the starsMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Adlaw: the sun deity worshiped by the goodBuyser, F. (1913). Mga Sugilanong Karaan. Bulan: the moon deity who gives light to sinners and guides them in the nightBuyser, F. (1913). Mga Sugilanong Karaan. Bakunawa: the serpent deity who can coil around the world; sought to swallow the seven "Queen" moons, successfully eating the six, where the last is guarded by bamboosBuyser, F. (1913). Mga Sugilanong Karaan. Divities under Kaptan Makilum-sa-twan: the god of plains and valleysJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Makilum-sa-bagidan: the god of fireJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Makilum-sa-tubig: the god of the seaJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Kasaray-sarayan-sa-silgan: the god of streamsJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Magdan-durunoon: the god of hidden lakesJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Sarangan-sa-bagtiw: the god of stormsJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Suklang-malaon: the goddess of happy homesJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Alunsina: the goddess of the skyJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Abyang: another deity under KaptanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Maka-ako: also called Laon; the creator of the universeDemetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G.,
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Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books. Linok: the god of earthquakesDemetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G.,
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Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books. Makabosog: a deified chieftain who provides food for the hungryDemetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G.,
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Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books. Sidapa: the goddess of death; co-ruler of the middleworld called Kamaritaan, together with MakaptanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Makaptan: the god of sickness; co-ruler of the middleworld called Kamaritaan, together with Sidapa; he is a brother of Magyan and SumpoyJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Deities under Sidapa and Makaptan Danapolay: the god who supervises the other deities who answer to Sidapa and MakaptanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. TagusiranganJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. DuwindihanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. DalongdonganJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Tagabititlakan-ka-adlawJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. SutaJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. AgtaJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. TabukuunJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Sappia: the goddess of mercy originating from the island of Bohol who empties the milk from her breasts onto weeds, giving the origin of white rice; when milk ran out, blood came out from her breast, giving the origin of red riceJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Tan Mulong: guardian of a spirit cave where souls may be imprisoned; has a spirit dog with one mammary gland and two genitalsDemetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G.,
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Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books. Pandaque: messenger of Sidapa; sacrifice is offered to the deity so that a soul can be admitted to the skyworld, Kahilwayan, from the lower world, Kasakitan; lives in Kasakitan, despite being a messenger of Sidapa, who lives in the middleworld, KamaritaanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.; also referred as PandagoyOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Magyan: carries the souls of the dead to the lower world, Kasakitan, on his boat called balanday; co-ruler of the lower world Kasakitan, together with Sumpoy; he is a brother of Makaptan and SumpoyJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Sumpoy: takes the souls from Magyan's balanday and carries them to a place in Kasakitan called Kanitu-nituhan; co-ruler of the lower world Kasakitan, together with Magyan; he is a brother of Magyan and MakaptanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Sisiburanen: ruler of Kanitu-nituhan, a sub-realm of the lower world, Kasakitan; acts as slaver of the souls of those who cannot and have yet go into the skyworld; feeds the souls to Simuran and Siguinarugan after the souls stay in Kanitu-nituhan for yearsJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Kuruntang Simuran: one of the two giant guards of the gates of Kanitu-nituhanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Siguinarugan: one of the two giant guards of the gates of Kanitu-nituhanJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.; also referred as Siginarugan and SiginarunganOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Other inhabitants of Kasakitan Abyang Durunuun: the goddess of charmsJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Saragnayan: the god of darknessJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Pinganun-pinganun: the god of enchanted placesJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Unmagad PalintiJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Sumpay Pako-PakoJocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Gods of War Balangaw: the rainbowLoarca, Miguel de. (1582) 1903. Relation of the Filipinas Islands. In Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands 5. InaginidLoarca, Miguel de. (1582) 1903. Relation of the Filipinas Islands. In Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands 5. MakandukLoarca, Miguel de. (1582) 1903. Relation of the Filipinas Islands. In Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands 5. Lalahon: the goddess of fire, volcanoes, and the harvestOngsotto, Rebecca R., Ongsotto, Renna R., Ongsotto, R. M. (2005). The Study of Philippine History. Rex Book Store, Inc.; also referred as LaonOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Santonilyo: a deity who brings rain when its image is immersed at seaSan Agustín, G. (1998). Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas, 1565-1615 (Spanish Edition): Bilingual ed edition. San Agustin Museum.; deity of the white men, referring to Spanish colonizersOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Gunung: a deity of volcanoesOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Magbibaya: a deity similar to the god Magbabaya of the BukidnonOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Lumawig: a deity mentioned in the AginidOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Linug: a deity of earthquakesOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Cacao: the goddess of Mount Lantoy who sells her products through a golden ship which can flood riversSeki, K. (2001). Rethinking Maria Cacao: Legend-making in the Visayan Context. Philippine Studies Journal. Mangao: husband of CacaoSeki, K. (2001). Rethinking Maria Cacao: Legend-making in the Visayan Context. Philippine Studies Journal.
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Mortals
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Sicabay: the first womanMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Sicalac: the first manMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Libo: the first child and son of Sicabay and Sicalac; was taken south after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a brown-skinned raceMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Saman: the first daughter and second child of Sicabay and Sicalac; was taken south after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a brown-skinned raceMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Pandaguan: a younger son of Sicabay and Sicalac; a clever man who invented the fish trap which caught a giant shark; father of Arion; challenged to overpower the gods, and was punished by zappingMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Arion: son of Pandaguan who was taken north after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a white-skinned raceMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Son of Saman and Sicalac: was taken east after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a yellow-skinned raceMiller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn. Lapulapu: a ruler of Mactan who is valorous, strong, and noble, as well as driven and fearless especially in times of armed conflict; in one account, he is also a mangatang (pirate); bested Humabon in politics, trade, and ocean territory in most accounts, while in one account, Humabon managed to overcome LapulapuOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications.; defeated the Spanish forces including Magellan with aid from the forces of nature; a verified historical personMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Humabon: a ruler of Sugbo who is cautious and highly-respected, but also brave and courageous especially in times of armed conflict; a verified historical personOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Sri Lumay Bataugong: the legendary founder of Sugbo who was said to have come from SumatraOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Sri Bantug: a ruler of SugboOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Binibini Anduki: sister of Sri LumayOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Bulakna: wife of Lapulapu; in other epics, Lapulapu instead has three wives and eleven childrenOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Sawili: son of Lapulapu and BulaknaMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Zula: a ruler that Lapulapu had an enmity with due to both ruler's affection towards BulaknaOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Datu Mangal: father of Lapulapu in most versions of the story and ruler of Mactan before LapulapuOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications.; in other versions, he is Lapulapu's uncle or friend and right-hand man; has supernatural powers, various amulets of whirlpools and oil, and a flying horseMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Matang Mataunas: mother of Lapulapu; in another tale, the mother of Lapulapu is instead named Matang MatanaOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications.; also called Matang Mantaunas or BaugaMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Malingin: daughter of Datu Mangal and sister of LapulapuMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Sri Mohammed: paternal grandfather of Lapulapu in one taleOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Sri Lamaraw Dula: brother of HumabonOuano-Savellon, R. (2014). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 42, No. 3/4: Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik: Archaic Cebuano and Historicity in a Folk Narrative. University of San Carlos Publications. Bali-Alho: chief of Bo. Maribago; can break pestles with his bare hands; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu MangalMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Tindak-Bukid: chief of Bo. Marigondon; can level a mountain with a kick; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu MangalMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Umindig: chief of Bo. Ibo, a champion wrestler; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu MangalMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Sagpang-Baha: also called Sampong-Baha; can slap back an onrushing flood; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu MangalMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Bugto-Pasan: can snap the sturdiest vines with his hands; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu MangalMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos. Silyo: a chief who borrowed an amulet from Datu Mangal; he never returned the amulet and was caught by Datu Mangal fleeing; was turned into a stone along with his crew by Datu Mangal through a curse; before turning a stone completely, he also uttered a curse to turn Datu Mangal into stone; another tale tells that Matang Mataunas and Malingin were also turned into stoneMojares, R. B. (1979). Lapulapu in Folk Tradition. University of San Carlos.