China has a long history of sect traditions characterised by a soteriological and eschatological character, often called "salvationist religions" ( jiùdù zōngjiào), which emerged from the common religion but are neither ascribable to the lineage cult of ancestors and progenitors, nor to the communal deity religion of village temples, neighbourhood, corporation , or national temples. The 20th-century expression of this religions has been studied under Prasenjit Duara 's definition of "redemptive societies" ( jiùshì tuántǐ), while modern Chinese scholarship describes them as "folk religious sects" ( mínjiān zōngjiào, mínjiān jiàomén or mínjiān jiàopài), abandoning the ancient derogatory definition of xiéjiào (), "evil religion". They are characterised by egalitarianism, a foundation through a charismatic figure and a direct divine revelation , a millenarian eschatology and voluntary path of salvation , an embodied experience of the numinous through healing and cultivation , and an expansive orientation through good deeds, evangelism and philanthropy. Their practices are focused on improving morality, body cultivation, and recitation of scriptures.
China has a long history of sect traditions characterised by a soteriological and eschatological character, often called "salvationist religions" ( jiùdù zōngjiào), . They emerged from the common religion but are not part of the lineage cult of ancestors and progenitors, nor the communal deity religion of village temples, neighbourhood, corporations , or national temples. Prasenjit Duara has termed them "redemptive societies" ( jiùshì tuántǐ), while modern Chinese scholarship describes them as "folk religious sects" ( mínjiān zōngjiào, mínjiān jiàomén or mínjiān jiàopài), abandoning the derogatory term used by imperial officials, xiéjiào (), "evil religion". They are characterised by several elements, including egalitarianism; foundation by a charismatic figure ; direct divine revelation ; a millenarian eschatology and voluntary path of salvation ; an embodied experience of the numinous through healing and cultivation ; and an expansive orientation through good deeds, evangelism and philanthropy. Their practices are focused on improving morality, body cultivation, and recitation of scriptures.
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