Autoscopy is the experience in which an individual perceives the surrounding environment from a different perspective, from a position outside of their own body.Blanke, O., Mohr, C. (2005). Out-of-body experience, heautoscopy, and autoscopic hallucination of neurological origin Implications for neurocognitive mechanisms of corporeal awareness and self consciousness . Brain Research Reviews 50: 184-199. Autoscopy comes from the ancient Greek αὐτός ( "self") and σκοπός ( "watcher"). Autoscopy has been of interest to humankind from time immemorial and is abundant in the folklore, mythology, and spiritual narratives of most ancient and modern societies. Cases of autoscopy are commonly encountered in modern psychiatric practice.Dening, T. R., Berrios, G. E. (1994). Autoscopic phenomena. British Journal of Psychiatry 165: 808-817. According to neurological research, autoscopic experiences are hallucinations.Brugger, P; Regard, M; Landis, T. (1997). Illusory reduplication of one ’ s own body: phenomenology and classification of autoscopic phenomena. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 2: 19-38. The term derives from the union of the Greek words  " autos" (self ) and "skopeo" (looking at) . The autoscopic phenomenon is classified in the following six tipologies: autoscopic hallucination, he-autoscopy or heautoscopic proper, feeling of a presence, out of body experience, negative and inner forms of autoscopy. Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland, have reviewed some of the classical precipitating factors of autoscopy. These are sleep, drug abuse, and general anesthesia as well as neurobiology. They have compared them with recent findings on neurological and neurocognitive mechanisms of autoscopy; the reviewed data suggest that autoscopic experiences are due to functional disintegration of lower-level multisensory processing and abnormal higher-level self-processing at the temporoparietal junction.Blanke, O., Castillo, V. (2007). Clinical neuroimaging in epileptic patients with autoscopic hallucinations and out-of-body experiences. Epileptologie 24: 90-96. Related disorders Heautoscopy is a term used in psychiatry and neurology for the reduplicative hallucination of "seeing one's own body at a distance". It can occur as a symptom in schizophrenia and epilepsy. Heautoscopy is considered a possible explanation for doppelgänger phenomena.Brugger, P; Agosti, R; Regard, M; Wieser, H. G; Landis, T. (1994). Heautoscopy, epilepsy, and suicide. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgergy and Psychiatry 57: 838-839. The term polyopic heautoscopy refers to cases where more than one double is perceived. In 2006, Peter Brugger and his colleagues described the case of a man who experienced five doubles resulting from a tumor in the insular region of his left temporal lobe.Brugger, P; Blanke, O; Regard, M; Bradford, D. T; Landis, T. (2006). Polyopic heautoscopy: Case report and review of the literature. Cortex: 42 666-674.
Autoscopy is the experience in which an individual perceives the surrounding environment from a different perspective, from a position outside of their own body.Blanke, O., Mohr, C. (2005). Out-of-body experience, heautoscopy, and autoscopic hallucination of neurological origin Implications for neurocognitive mechanisms of corporeal awareness and self consciousness . Brain Research Reviews 50: 184–199. Autoscopy comes from the ancient Greek (, "self") and (, "watcher"). Autoscopy has been of interest to humankind from time immemorial and is abundant in the folklore, mythology, and spiritual narratives of most ancient and modern societies. Cases of autoscopy are commonly encountered in modern psychiatric practice.Dening, T. R., Berrios, G. E. (1994). Autoscopic phenomena. British Journal of Psychiatry 165: 808–817. According to neurological research, autoscopic experiences are hallucinations.Brugger, P; Regard, M; Landis, T. (1997). Illusory reduplication of one ' s own body: phenomenology and classification of autoscopic phenomena. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 2: 19–38. The term derives from the union of the Greek words ("self") and ("looking at " ) . The autoscopic phenomenon is classified in the following six tipologies: autoscopic hallucination, he-autoscopy or heautoscopic proper, feeling of a presence, out of body experience, negative and inner forms of autoscopy. Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland, have reviewed some of the classical precipitating factors of autoscopy. These are sleep, drug abuse, and general anesthesia as well as neurobiology. They have compared them with recent findings on neurological and neurocognitive mechanisms of autoscopy; the reviewed data suggest that autoscopic experiences are due to functional disintegration of lower-level multisensory processing and abnormal higher-level self-processing at the temporoparietal junction.Blanke, O., Castillo, V. (2007). Clinical neuroimaging in epileptic patients with autoscopic hallucinations and out-of-body experiences. Epileptologie 24: 90–96. Related disorders Heautoscopy is a term used in psychiatry and neurology for the reduplicative hallucination of "seeing one's own body at a distance". It can occur as a symptom in schizophrenia and epilepsy. Heautoscopy is considered a possible explanation for doppelgänger phenomena.Brugger, P; Agosti, R; Regard, M; Wieser, H. G; Landis, T. (1994). Heautoscopy, epilepsy, and suicide. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgergy and Psychiatry 57: 838–839. The term polyopic heautoscopy refers to cases where more than one double is perceived. In 2006, Peter Brugger and his colleagues described the case of a man who experienced five doubles resulting from a tumor in the insular region of his left temporal lobe.Brugger, P; Blanke, O; Regard, M; Bradford, D. T; Landis, T. (2006). Polyopic heautoscopy: Case report and review of the literature. Cortex: 42 666–674.
R
184-199.
184–199.
R
αὐτός (
(,
R
σκοπός (
(,
R
808-817.
808–817.
R
’
'
R
19-38.
19–38.
A
("self") and ("looking at
D
autos" (self
D
and "skopeo" (looking at)
R
90-96.
90–96.
R
838-839.
838–839.
R
666-674.
666–674.