Psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia suggest alteration of cerebral neurons. However, the physical basis of the schizophrenia symptoms has not been delineated at the cellular level. Here we report nanometer-scale three-dimensional analysis of brain tissues of schizophrenia and control cases. Structures of cerebral tissues of the anterior cingulate cortex were visualized with synchrotron radiation nanotomography. Tissue constituents observed in the three-dimensional images were traced to build Cartesian coordinate models of neurons. The obtained Cartesian coordinates were used for calculating curvature and torsion of neurites. The geometric analyses indicated thatthe curvature of neurites is significantly different between schizophrenia and control cases. The mean curvature of distal neurites of the schizophrenia cases was approximately 1.5 times higher than that of the controls . A schizophrenia case carrying a frame shift mutation in the GLO1 gene showed the highest neurite curvature, suggesting that oxidative stress due to the GLO1 mutation caused the structural alteration of the neurites . The differences in the neurite curvature result in differences in the spatial trajectory and hence alter neuronal circuits. We suggest that the structural alteration of neurons in the schizophrenia cases should reflect psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia.
This paper reports nano-CT analysis of brain tissues of schizophrenia and control cases. The analysis revealed that: (1) neuronal structures vary between individuals, (2) the mean curvature of distal neurites of the schizophrenia cases was 1.5 times higher than that of the controls , and (3) dendritic spines were categorized into two geometrically distinctive groups, though no structural differences were observed between the disease and control cases . The differences in the neurite curvature result in differences in the spatial trajectory and hence alter neuronal circuits. We suggest that the structural alteration of neurons in the schizophrenia cases should reflect psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia suggest alteration of cerebral neurons. However, the physical basis of the schizophrenia symptoms has not been delineated at the cellular level. Here we report nanometer-scale three-dimensional
This paper reports nano-CT
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Structures of cerebral tissues of the anterior cingulate cortex were visualized with synchrotron radiation nanotomography. Tissue constituents observed in the three-dimensional images were traced to build Cartesian coordinate models of neurons. The obtained Cartesian coordinates were used for calculating curvature and torsion of neurites. The geometric analyses indicated thatthe curvature of neurites is significantly different between schizophrenia and control cases. The
The analysis revealed that: (1) neuronal structures vary between individuals, (2) the
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. A schizophrenia case carrying a frame shift mutation in the GLO1 gene showed the highest neurite curvature, suggesting that oxidative stress due to the GLO1 mutation caused the structural alteration of the neurites
, and (3) dendritic spines were categorized into two geometrically distinctive groups, though no structural differences were observed between the disease and control cases