Intercensal survey All counts are estimates, including censuses (in reality every survey has a margin of error, even most census counts are corrected for data omission, duplication, cheating, miscounts) but some counts include random sampling (door to door and/or by calling) of actual residents rather than just producing figures based on mathematical models. These counts are called intercensal surveys. American Community Survey is one of these in the USA , where a percentage of residents are called and asked to participate in a census-like questionnaire. The topics covered may differ from the census forms, even if population figures are produced for both. Statistics Indonesia (BPS) releases province by province annual estimates for all provinces, regencies, and kota in Indonesia, with some provinces more up to date than others. A survey in conducted every 10 years, 5 years post census. China 1\% Survey (全国1％人口抽样调查) 5 years after each census samples 1\% of the population to produce population estimates between official 10 year censuses. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) releases regular annual estimates for all states and cities in Brazil. Statistics Canada releases regular quarter annual intercensal estimates for provinces and territories in Canada. Japan releases regular annual intercensal estimates for all prefectures and cities, every URL National estimates are released URL The United States Census Bureau releases regular intercensal estimates of total population of the country, states, and metropolitan areas annually. Unincorporated areas are counted only during censuses. California compiles annual estimates separately from the Census Bureau, which includes unincorporated areas and differing methodology. Mexico technically calls it a intercensal survey but is essentially a mini-census between decade censuses, effectively having a 5 year census period. See also Census Population projection
Intercensal survey All counts are estimates, including censuses (in reality every survey has a margin of error, even most census counts are corrected for data omission, duplication, cheating, miscounts) but some counts include random sampling (door to door and/or by calling) of actual residents rather than just producing figures based on mathematical models. These counts are called intercensal surveys. American Community Survey is one of these in the US , where a percentage of residents are called and asked to participate in a census-like questionnaire. The topics covered may differ from the census forms, even if population figures are produced for both. Statistics Indonesia (BPS) releases province by province annual estimates for all provinces, regencies, and kota in Indonesia, with some provinces more up to date than others. A survey in conducted every 10 years, 5 years post census. China 1\% Survey (全国1％人口抽样调查) 5 years after each census samples 1\% of the population to produce population estimates between official 10 year censuses. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) releases regular annual estimates for all states and cities in Brazil. Statistics Canada releases regular quarter annual intercensal estimates for provinces and territories in Canada. Japan releases regular annual intercensal estimates for all prefectures and cities, every URL National estimates are released URL The United States Census Bureau releases regular intercensal estimates of total population of the country, states, and metropolitan areas annually. Unincorporated areas are counted only during censuses. California compiles annual estimates separately from the Census Bureau, which includes unincorporated areas and differing methodology. Mexico technically calls it an intercensal survey but is essentially a mini-census between decade censuses, effectively having a 5-year census period. 
R
USA
US
R
a
an
R
5 year
5-year
D
See also Census Population projection