The affiliation to an institution provides prestige and identity to researchers and determines access to resources and infrastructure. Institutions in turn seek to affiliate researchers to secure their knowledge and skills, benefiting the research conducted within these institutions and their position in national and internationalrankings. This study documents the phenomenon of researchers having multiple affiliations and discusses potential causes and consequences. We analyze affiliation information of 8.5M authors from 40 countries , who published 8.9M scientific articles in 14 disciplines since 1996. We find that multiple affiliations occur both within countries as well as across borders, and that more than 60\% are within the academic research sector. The share of authors with multiple affiliations increased substantially over the past two decades and particularly since the mid-2000s. The increase is particularly pronounced in countries whose funding structures became more competitive. The rise of multiple affiliations points to fundamental changes in URLanisation of science and challenges our measurements of where scientific activity takes place .
This study provides the first systematic, international, large-scale evidence on the extent and nature of multiple institutional affiliations on journal publications. Studying more than 13.6M authors and 20.5M articles from 40 countries we document that: In 2019, almost one in three articles was (co-)authored by authors with multiple affiliations and the share of authors with multiple affiliations increased from 6.7\% to 11.8\% since 1996. The growth of multiple affiliations is prevalent in all disciplines and it is stronger in high impact journals. About 60\% of multiple affiliations involve institutions from within the academic sector and international co-affiliations often involve institutions from the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom as well as institutions in neighboring countries. We discuss potential causes and show that the timing of the rise in multiple affiliations can be linked to the introduction of more competitive funding structures such as 'excellence initiatives' in a number of countries. We discuss implications for science and science policy .
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The affiliation to an institution provides prestige and identity to researchers and determines access to resources and infrastructure. Institutions in turn seek to affiliate researchers to secure their knowledge and skills, benefiting the research conducted within these institutions and their position in national and internationalrankings. This study documents the phenomenon of researchers having multiple affiliations and discusses potential causes and consequences. We analyze affiliation information of 8.5M authors
This study provides the first systematic, international, large-scale evidence on the extent and nature of multiple institutional affiliations on journal publications. Studying more than 13.6M authors and 20.5M articles
R
, who published 8.9M scientific articles in 14 disciplines since 1996. We find that multiple affiliations occur both within countries as well as across borders, and that more than 60\% are within the academic research sector. The
we document that: In 2019, almost one in three articles was (co-)authored by authors with multiple affiliations and the
R
substantially over the past two decades and particularly since the mid-2000s. The increase is particularly pronounced in countries whose funding structures became more competitive. The rise of multiple affiliations points to fundamental changes in URLanisation of science and challenges our measurements of where scientific activity takes place
from 6.7\% to 11.8\% since 1996. The growth of multiple affiliations is prevalent in all disciplines and it is stronger in high impact journals. About 60\% of multiple affiliations involve institutions from within the academic sector and international co-affiliations often involve institutions from the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom as well as institutions in neighboring countries. We discuss potential causes and show that the timing of the rise in multiple affiliations can be linked to the introduction of more competitive funding structures such as 'excellence initiatives' in a number of countries. We discuss implications for science and science policy