SCOR-Associated Programs IIOE International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) resulted from the first annual SCOR meeting, held at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1957. The meeting identified the Indian Ocean as the least known component in the global ocean system and so that a campaign of focused observations would be of great benefit. The initiative commenced in 1959 and observational work carried on until 1965.Knauss, J.A., 1961. The International Indian Ocean Expedition. Science, 134(3491), pp.1674-1676. TOGA the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Study (TOGA) was coordinated by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and made great observation-based advances in understanding of El Niño and improved skills in predicting the occurrence of El Niño events. Hayes, S.P., Mangum, L.J., Picaut, J., Sumi, A. and Takeuchi, K., 1991. TOGA-TAO: A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 72(3), pp.339-347. WOCE The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) ran from 1990-2002 and aimed to gather more ocean observations in a way that enabled improved modelling tools. GEOTRACES The GEOTRACES programme was solely sponsored by SCOR and continues to advance knowledge of the oceanic contribution to global biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes.SCOR Working Group, 2007. GEOTRACES–An international study of the global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes. Geochemistry, 67(2), pp.85-131. JGOFS The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study focused on the role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle and completed its work in 2003. JGOFS was co-sponsored by SCOR and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). GLOBEC The Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics project, completed in 2009, focused on the relationship between physical and biological variability in the ocean and how global change might impact the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, with particular emphasis on important fisheries. GLOBEC was co-sponsored by SCOR, IGBP, and IOC. IMBER SCOR and IGBP developed the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) project that promotes integrated marine research through a range of research topics towards sustainable, productive and healthy oceans at a time of global change, for the benefit of society. SOLAS Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is sponsored by SCOR, IGBP, the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (CACGP). It is global and multidisciplinary in its approach to understanding the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and the atmosphere.Harvey, M.J., Law, C.S., Smith, M.J., Hall, J.A., Abraham, E.R., Stevens, C.L., Hadfield, M.G., Ho, D.T., Ward, B., Archer, S.D. and Cainey, J.M., 2011. The SOLAS air–sea gas exchange experiment (SAGE) 2004. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58(6), pp.753-763. Additionally, SOLAS seeks to link ocean-atmosphere interactions with climate and people. GEOHAB Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms project examines the ecological and oceanographic conditions that cause harmful algal blooms and promote their development. It is supported by SCOR and IOC. IQOE International Quiet Ocean Experiment (co-sponsored by the Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans) and designed to examine questions around human activities affecting the global ocean soundscape compared with natural changes over geologic time. IIOE-2 Second International Indian Ocean Expedition (co-sponsored by IOC and the Indian Ocean GOOS program) was a major global scientific program which will engage the international scientific community in collaborative oceanographic and atmospheric research from coastal environments to the deep sea over the period 2015-2020. SOOS The Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) facilitated by both SCOR and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, supports observations, the associated science community and data access, with a focus on the Southern Ocean.Meredith, M.P., Mazloff, M., Sallee, J.B., Newman, L., Wahlin, A., Williams, M.J.M., Garabato, A.C.N., Swart, S., Monteiro, P., Mata, M.M. and Schmidtko, S., 2015. The Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(7), pp.S157-S160. Selected SCOR Working URL WG 162 :Developing an Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) WG 161 :Respiration in the Mesopelagic Ocean (ReMO): Reconciling ecological, biogeochemical and model estimates WG 160 :Analysing ocean turbulence observations to quantify mixing (ATOMIX) WG 159 :Roadmap for a Standardised Global Approach to Deep-Sea Biology for the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (DeepSeaDecade) WG 158 : Coordinated Global Research Assessment of Seagrass System (C-GRASS) WG 157 : Toward a new global view of marine zooplankton biodiversity based on DNA metabarcoding and reference DNA sequence databases (MetaZooGene) WG 156 :Active Chlorophyll fluorescence for autonomous measurements of global marine primary productivity WG 155 :Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS): diversity, coupled dynamics and sensitivity to climate change WG 154 :Integration of Plankton-Observing Sensor Systems to Existing Global Sampling Programs (P-OBS) WG 153 :Floating Litter and its Oceanic TranSport Analysis and Modelling (FLOTSAM) WG 152 :Measuring Essential Climate Variables in Sea Ice (ECV-Ice) WG 151 :Iron Model Intercomparison Project (FeMIP) WG 150 :Translation of Optical Measurements into particle Content, Aggregation%DIFDELCMD < & %%% Transfer (TOMCAT) WG 148 :International Quality Controlled Ocean Database: Subsurface temperature profiles (IQuOD) WG 149 :Changing Ocean Biological Systems (COBS): how will biota respond to a changing ocean? WG 147 :Towards comparability of global oceanic nutrient data (COMPONUT) WG 146 :Radioactivity in the Ocean, 5 :decades later (RiO5) WG 144 :Microbial Community Responses to Ocean Deoxygenation WG 142 :Quality Control Procedures for Oxygen and Other Biogeochemical Sensors on Floats and Gliders WG 141 :Sea-Surface Microlayers WG 140 :Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at the Sea-Ice Interfaces (BEPSII) WG 139 :Organic Ligands – A Key Control on Trace Metal Biogeochemistry in the Ocean WG 138 :Modern Planktic Foraminifera and Ocean Changes (with IGBP) WG 137 :Patterns of Phytoplankton Dynamics in Coastal Ecosystems: Comparative Analysis of Time Series WG 136 :Climatic Importance of the Greater Agulhas System (with WCRP and IAPSO) WG 135 :Hydrothermal Energy Transfer and its Impact on the Ocean Carbon Cycles WG 134 :The Microbial Carbon Pump in the Ocean WG 133 :OceanScope WG 132 :Land-based Nutrient Pollution and the Relationship to Harmful Algal Blooms in Coastal Marine Systems (with LOICZ) WG 131 :The Legacy of in situ Iron Enrichment: Data Compilation and Modeling WG 130 :Automatic Visual Plankton Identification WG 129 :Deep Ocean Exchanges with the Shelf WG 128 :Natural and Human-Induced Hypoxia and Consequences for Coastal Areas WG 127 :Thermodynamics and Equation of State of Seawater WG 126 :Role of Viruses in Marine Ecosystems WG 125 :Global Comparisons of Zooplankton Time Series WG 124 :Analyzing the Links Between Present Oceanic Processes and Paleo-Records (LINKS) WG 123 :Reconstruction of Past Ocean Circulation (PACE) WG 122 :Mechanisms of Sediment Retention in Estuaries WG 121 :Ocean Mixing WG 120 :Marine Phytoplankton and Global Climate Regulation: The Phaeocystis spp. Cluster as a Model WG 119 :Quantitative Ecosystem Indicators for Fisheries Management WG 118 :New Technologies for Observing Marine Life WG 117 :Synthesis of Decadal to Millennial Climate Records of the Past 80ky WG 116 :Sediment Trap and234Th Methods for Carbon Export Flux Determination WG 115 :Standards for the Survey and Analysis of Plankton WG 114 :Transport and Reaction in Permeable Marine Sediments WG 113 :Evolution of the Asian Monsoon in Marine Records: Comparison Between Indian and East Asian Subsystems WG 112 :Magnitude of Submarine Groundwater Discharge and its Influence on Coastal Oceanographic Processes WG 111 :Coupling Waves, Currents, and Winds in Coastal Models WG 110 :Intercomparison and Validation of Ocean-Atmosphere Flux Fields WG 109 :Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater WG 108 :Double Diffusion WG 107 :Improved Global Bathymetry WG 106 :Relative Sea Level and Muddy Coasts of the World WG 105 :The Impact of World Fisheries Harvests on the Stability and Diversity of Marine Ecosystems WG 104 :Coral Reef Responses to Global Change: The Role of Adaptation WG 103 :The Role of Wave Breaking on Upper Ocean Dynamics WG 102 :Comparative Salinity and Density of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Basins WG 101 :Influence of Sea State on the Atmospheric Drag Coefficient WG 100 :Sediment Coring for International Global Change Research WG 99 :Linked Mass and Energy Fluxes at Ridge Crests WG 98 :Worldwide Large-scale Fluctuations of Sardine and Anchovy Populations WG 97 :Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms WG 96 :Acoustic Monitoring of the World Ocean WG 95 :Sediment Suspension and Sea Bed Properties WG 94 :Altimeter Data and In-situ Current Observations WG 93 :Pelagic Biogeography WG 92 :Ocean / Atmosphere Palaeochemistry WG 91 :Chemical Evolution and Origin of Life in Marine Hydrothermal Systems WG 90 :Chemical and Biological Oceanographic Sensor Technology WG 89 :Sea Level and Erosion of the World’s Coastlines WG 88 :Intercalibration of Drifting Buoys (formerly * WG 66) WG 87 :Fine-Scale Distribution of Gelatinous Planktonic Animals WG 86 :Ecology of Sea Ice WG 85 :Experimental Ecosystems WG 84 :Hydrothermal Emanations at Plate Boundaries WG 83 :Wave Modelling WG 82 :Polar Deep Sea Palaeoenvironments WG 81 :Deep Water Palaeoceanography WG 80 :Role of Phase Transfer Processes in the Cycling of Trace Metals in Estuaries WG 79 :Geological Variations in Carbon Dioxide and the Carbon Cycle WG 78 :Determination of Photosynthetic Pigments in Seawater WG 77 :Laboratory Tests Related to Basic Physical Measurements at Sea WG 76 :Ecology of the Deep Sea Floor WG 75 :Methodology for Oceanic CO2 :Measurements WG 74 :General Circulation of the Southern Ocean WG 73 :Ecological Theory in Relation to Biological Oceanography (formerly * WG 59) WG 72 :The Ocean as a Source and Sink for Atmospheric Constituents (formerly * WG 44) WG 71 :Particulate Biogeochemical Processes WG 70 :Remote Measurements of the Oceans from Satellites WG 69 :Small-Scale Oceanic Turbulence WG 68 :North Atlantic Circulation WG 67 :Oceanography, Marine Ecology and Living Resources WG 66 :Oceanic Application of Drifting Buoys WG 65 :Coastal Off-Shore Ecosystems Relationships WG 64 :Oceanic Atoll Drilling WG 63 :Marine Geochronological Methods WG 62 :Carbon Budget of the Ocean WG 61 :Sedimentation Processes at Continental Margins WG 60 :Mangrove Ecosystems WG 59 :Mathematical Models in Biological Oceanography WG 58 :Arctic Ocean Heat Budget WG 57 :Coastal and Estuarine Regimes WG 56 :Equatorial Upwelling Systems WG 55 :Prediction of El Niño WG 54 :Southern Ocean Ecosystems and their Living Resources WG 53 :Evolution of the South Atlantic WG 52 :Estimation of Micro-Nekton Abundance WG 51 :Evaluation of CTD Data WG 50 :Biological Effects of Ocean Variability WG 49 :Mathematical Modelling of Oceanic Processes WG 48 :The Influence of the Ocean on Climate WG 47 :Oceanographic Programmes During FGGE WG 46 :River Inputs to Ocean Systems WG 45 :Marine Pollution Research WG 44 :Ocean-Atmosphere Materials Exchange WG 43 :Oceanography Related to GATE WG 42 :Pollution of the Baltic WG 41 :Morphological Mapping of the Ocean Floor WG 40 :Palaeo-Oceanography WG 39 :Scientific Investigation of Pollution in the Marine Environment WG 38 :Ocean Processes in the Antarctic WG 37 :Marine Plankton and Sediments WG 36 :Coastal Upwelling Processes WG 35 :Methods of Quantitative Ecology of Coral Reefs WG 34 :Internal Dynamics of the Ocean WG 32 :Biological Data Inventories WG 31 :East Atlantic Continental Margins WG 30 :Scientific Aspects of International Ocean Research WG 29 :Monitoring in Biological Oceanography WG 28 :Air-Sea Interaction WG 27 :Tides of the Open Sea WG 26 :Implementation of UN Resolution on Resources of the Sea WG 25 :Nutrient Chemistry WG 24 :Estimation of Primary Production under Special Conditions WG 23 :Zooplankton Laboratory Methods WG 22 :Marine Pollution WG 21 :Continuous Current Velocity Measurements WG 20 :Radiocarbon Estimation of Primary Production WG 19 :Micropalaeontology of Bottom Sediments WG 18 :Biological Data (joint with ACMRR) WG 17 :Determination of Photosynthetic Pigments (joint with UNESCO) WG 16 :General Problems of Intercalibration and Standardization WG 15 :Photosynthetic Radiant Energy (joint with UNESCO and IAPO) WG 14 :General Scientific Framework WG 13 :Zooplankton Sampling Methods (joint with ICES and UNESCO) WG 12 :Abstracts and Bibliographies WG 11 :Atlases WG 10 :Oceanographic Tables and Standards (joint with ICES, IAPO, UNESCO* reconstituted as the Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards JPOTS%DIFDELCMD < ]%%% ) WG 9 :Fisheries Oceanography WG 8 :Radio-aids to Navigation WG 7 :World Data Centres WG 6 :Chemical Oceanography WG 4 :Physical Properties of Sea Water WG 3 :Measurements of the Productivity of the Sea and of the Standing Crops of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton (renamed Biological Production of the Sea) WG 2 :Carbon Dioxide in the Ocean WG 1 :Radioactivity in the Ocean
SCOR-associated programs IIOE International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) resulted from the first annual SCOR meeting, held at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1957. The meeting identified the Indian Ocean as the least known component in the global ocean system and so that a campaign of focused observations would be of great benefit. The initiative commenced in 1959 and observational work carried on until 1965.Knauss, J.A., 1961. The International Indian Ocean Expedition. Science, 134(3491), pp.1674-1676. TOGA the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Study (TOGA) was coordinated by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and made great observation-based advances in understanding of El Niño and improved skills in predicting the occurrence of El Niño events. Hayes, S.P., Mangum, L.J., Picaut, J., Sumi, A. and Takeuchi, K., 1991. TOGA-TAO: A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 72(3), pp.339-347. WOCE The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) ran from 1990-2002 and aimed to gather more ocean observations in a way that enabled improved modelling tools. GEOTRACES The GEOTRACES programme was solely sponsored by SCOR and continues to advance knowledge of the oceanic contribution to global biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes.SCOR Working Group, 2007. GEOTRACES–An international study of the global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes. Geochemistry, 67(2), pp.85-131. JGOFS The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study focused on the role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle and completed its work in 2003. JGOFS was co-sponsored by SCOR and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). GLOBEC The Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics project, completed in 2009, focused on the relationship between physical and biological variability in the ocean and how global change might impact the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, with particular emphasis on important fisheries. GLOBEC was co-sponsored by SCOR, IGBP, and IOC. IMBER SCOR and IGBP developed the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) project that promotes integrated marine research through a range of research topics towards sustainable, productive and healthy oceans at a time of global change, for the benefit of society. SOLAS Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is sponsored by SCOR, IGBP, the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (CACGP). It is global and multidisciplinary in its approach to understanding the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and the atmosphere.Harvey, M.J., Law, C.S., Smith, M.J., Hall, J.A., Abraham, E.R., Stevens, C.L., Hadfield, M.G., Ho, D.T., Ward, B., Archer, S.D. and Cainey, J.M., 2011. The SOLAS air–sea gas exchange experiment (SAGE) 2004. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58(6), pp.753-763. Additionally, SOLAS seeks to link ocean-atmosphere interactions with climate and people. GEOHAB Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms project examines the ecological and oceanographic conditions that cause harmful algal blooms and promote their development. It is supported by SCOR and IOC. IQOE International Quiet Ocean Experiment (co-sponsored by the Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans) and designed to examine questions around human activities affecting the global ocean soundscape compared with natural changes over geologic time. IIOE-2 Second International Indian Ocean Expedition (co-sponsored by IOC and the Indian Ocean GOOS program) was a major global scientific program which will engage the international scientific community in collaborative oceanographic and atmospheric research from coastal environments to the deep sea over the period 2015-2020. SOOS The Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) facilitated by both SCOR and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, supports observations, the associated science community and data access, with a focus on the Southern Ocean.Meredith, M.P., Mazloff, M., Sallee, J.B., Newman, L., Wahlin, A., Williams, M.J.M., Garabato, A.C.N., Swart, S., Monteiro, P., Mata, M.M. and Schmidtko, S., 2015. The Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(7), pp.S157-S160. %DIFDELCMD < & %%% SCOR working groups The committee frequently designates working groups for specific topics with the remit to "deliberate on a narrowly focused topic and develop a peer-reviewed publication and / %DIFDELCMD < ]%%% or some other product that will advance the topic". As of 2021, there have been 161 working URL
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SCOR-Associated Programs
SCOR-associated programs
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Selected SCOR Working URL
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WG 162 :Developing an Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) WG 161 :Respiration in the Mesopelagic Ocean (ReMO): Reconciling ecological, biogeochemical and model estimates WG 160 :Analysing ocean turbulence observations to quantify mixing (ATOMIX) WG 159 :Roadmap for a Standardised Global Approach to Deep-Sea Biology for the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (DeepSeaDecade) WG 158 : Coordinated Global Research Assessment of Seagrass System (C-GRASS) WG 157 : Toward a new global view of marine zooplankton biodiversity based on DNA metabarcoding and reference DNA sequence databases (MetaZooGene) WG 156 :Active Chlorophyll fluorescence for autonomous measurements of global marine primary productivity WG 155 :Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS): diversity, coupled dynamics and sensitivity to climate change WG 154 :Integration of Plankton-Observing Sensor Systems to Existing Global Sampling Programs (P-OBS) WG 153 :Floating Litter and its Oceanic TranSport Analysis and Modelling (FLOTSAM) WG 152 :Measuring Essential Climate Variables in Sea Ice (ECV-Ice) WG 151 :Iron Model Intercomparison Project (FeMIP) WG 150 :Translation of Optical Measurements into particle Content, Aggregation
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Transfer (TOMCAT) WG 148 :International Quality Controlled Ocean Database: Subsurface temperature profiles (IQuOD) WG 149 :Changing Ocean Biological Systems (COBS): how will biota respond to a changing ocean? WG 147 :Towards comparability of global oceanic nutrient data (COMPONUT) WG 146 :Radioactivity in the Ocean, 5 :decades later (RiO5) WG 144 :Microbial Community Responses to Ocean Deoxygenation WG 142 :Quality Control Procedures for Oxygen and Other Biogeochemical Sensors on Floats and Gliders WG 141 :Sea-Surface Microlayers WG 140 :Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at the Sea-Ice Interfaces (BEPSII) WG 139 :Organic Ligands – A Key Control on Trace Metal Biogeochemistry in the Ocean WG 138 :Modern Planktic Foraminifera and Ocean Changes (with IGBP) WG 137 :Patterns of Phytoplankton Dynamics in Coastal Ecosystems: Comparative Analysis of Time Series WG 136 :Climatic Importance of the Greater Agulhas System (with WCRP and IAPSO) WG 135 :Hydrothermal Energy Transfer and its Impact on the Ocean Carbon Cycles WG 134 :The Microbial Carbon Pump in the Ocean WG 133 :OceanScope WG 132 :Land-based Nutrient Pollution and the Relationship to Harmful Algal Blooms in Coastal Marine Systems (with LOICZ) WG 131 :The Legacy of in situ Iron Enrichment: Data Compilation and Modeling WG 130 :Automatic Visual Plankton Identification WG 129 :Deep Ocean Exchanges with the Shelf WG 128 :Natural and Human-Induced Hypoxia and Consequences for Coastal Areas WG 127 :Thermodynamics and Equation of State of Seawater WG 126 :Role of Viruses in Marine Ecosystems WG 125 :Global Comparisons of Zooplankton Time Series WG 124 :Analyzing the Links Between Present Oceanic Processes and Paleo-Records (LINKS) WG 123 :Reconstruction of Past Ocean Circulation (PACE) WG 122 :Mechanisms of Sediment Retention in Estuaries WG 121 :Ocean Mixing WG 120 :Marine Phytoplankton and Global Climate Regulation: The Phaeocystis spp. Cluster as a Model WG 119 :Quantitative Ecosystem Indicators for Fisheries Management WG 118 :New Technologies for Observing Marine Life WG 117 :Synthesis of Decadal to Millennial Climate Records of the Past 80ky WG 116 :Sediment Trap and234Th Methods for Carbon Export Flux Determination WG 115 :Standards for the Survey and Analysis of Plankton WG 114 :Transport and Reaction in Permeable Marine Sediments WG 113 :Evolution of the Asian Monsoon in Marine Records: Comparison Between Indian and East Asian Subsystems WG 112 :Magnitude of Submarine Groundwater Discharge and its Influence on Coastal Oceanographic Processes WG 111 :Coupling Waves, Currents, and Winds in Coastal Models WG 110 :Intercomparison and Validation of Ocean-Atmosphere Flux Fields WG 109 :Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater WG 108 :Double Diffusion WG 107 :Improved Global Bathymetry WG 106 :Relative Sea Level and Muddy Coasts of the World WG 105 :The Impact of World Fisheries Harvests on the Stability and Diversity of Marine Ecosystems WG 104 :Coral Reef Responses to Global Change: The Role of Adaptation WG 103 :The Role of Wave Breaking on Upper Ocean Dynamics WG 102 :Comparative Salinity and Density of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Basins WG 101 :Influence of Sea State on the Atmospheric Drag Coefficient WG 100 :Sediment Coring for International Global Change Research WG 99 :Linked Mass and Energy Fluxes at Ridge Crests WG 98 :Worldwide Large-scale Fluctuations of Sardine and Anchovy Populations WG 97 :Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms WG 96 :Acoustic Monitoring of the World Ocean WG 95 :Sediment Suspension and Sea Bed Properties WG 94 :Altimeter Data and In-situ Current Observations WG 93 :Pelagic Biogeography WG 92 :Ocean
SCOR working groups The committee frequently designates working groups for specific topics with the remit to "deliberate on a narrowly focused topic and develop a peer-reviewed publication and
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Atmosphere Palaeochemistry WG 91 :Chemical Evolution and Origin of Life in Marine Hydrothermal Systems WG 90 :Chemical and Biological Oceanographic Sensor Technology WG 89 :Sea Level and Erosion of the World’s Coastlines WG 88 :Intercalibration of Drifting Buoys (formerly * WG 66) WG 87 :Fine-Scale Distribution of Gelatinous Planktonic Animals WG 86 :Ecology of Sea Ice WG 85 :Experimental Ecosystems WG 84 :Hydrothermal Emanations at Plate Boundaries WG 83 :Wave Modelling WG 82 :Polar Deep Sea Palaeoenvironments WG 81 :Deep Water Palaeoceanography WG 80 :Role of Phase Transfer Processes in the Cycling of Trace Metals in Estuaries WG 79 :Geological Variations in Carbon Dioxide and the Carbon Cycle WG 78 :Determination of Photosynthetic Pigments in Seawater WG 77 :Laboratory Tests Related to Basic Physical Measurements at Sea WG 76 :Ecology of the Deep Sea Floor WG 75 :Methodology for Oceanic CO2 :Measurements WG 74 :General Circulation of the Southern Ocean WG 73 :Ecological Theory in Relation to Biological Oceanography (formerly * WG 59) WG 72 :The Ocean as a Source and Sink for Atmospheric Constituents (formerly * WG 44) WG 71 :Particulate Biogeochemical Processes WG 70 :Remote Measurements of the Oceans from Satellites WG 69 :Small-Scale Oceanic Turbulence WG 68 :North Atlantic Circulation WG 67 :Oceanography, Marine Ecology and Living Resources WG 66 :Oceanic Application of Drifting Buoys WG 65 :Coastal Off-Shore Ecosystems Relationships WG 64 :Oceanic Atoll Drilling WG 63 :Marine Geochronological Methods WG 62 :Carbon Budget of the Ocean WG 61 :Sedimentation Processes at Continental Margins WG 60 :Mangrove Ecosystems WG 59 :Mathematical Models in Biological Oceanography WG 58 :Arctic Ocean Heat Budget WG 57 :Coastal and Estuarine Regimes WG 56 :Equatorial Upwelling Systems WG 55 :Prediction of El Niño WG 54 :Southern Ocean Ecosystems and their Living Resources WG 53 :Evolution of the South Atlantic WG 52 :Estimation of Micro-Nekton Abundance WG 51 :Evaluation of CTD Data WG 50 :Biological Effects of Ocean Variability WG 49 :Mathematical Modelling of Oceanic Processes WG 48 :The Influence of the Ocean on Climate WG 47 :Oceanographic Programmes During FGGE WG 46 :River Inputs to Ocean Systems WG 45 :Marine Pollution Research WG 44 :Ocean-Atmosphere Materials Exchange WG 43 :Oceanography Related to GATE WG 42 :Pollution of the Baltic WG 41 :Morphological Mapping of the Ocean Floor WG 40 :Palaeo-Oceanography WG 39 :Scientific Investigation of Pollution in the Marine Environment WG 38 :Ocean Processes in the Antarctic WG 37 :Marine Plankton and Sediments WG 36 :Coastal Upwelling Processes WG 35 :Methods of Quantitative Ecology of Coral Reefs WG 34 :Internal Dynamics of the Ocean WG 32 :Biological Data Inventories WG 31 :East Atlantic Continental Margins WG 30 :Scientific Aspects of International Ocean Research WG 29 :Monitoring in Biological Oceanography WG 28 :Air-Sea Interaction WG 27 :Tides of the Open Sea WG 26 :Implementation of UN Resolution on Resources of the Sea WG 25 :Nutrient Chemistry WG 24 :Estimation of Primary Production under Special Conditions WG 23 :Zooplankton Laboratory Methods WG 22 :Marine Pollution WG 21 :Continuous Current Velocity Measurements WG 20 :Radiocarbon Estimation of Primary Production WG 19 :Micropalaeontology of Bottom Sediments WG 18 :Biological Data (joint with ACMRR) WG 17 :Determination of Photosynthetic Pigments (joint with UNESCO) WG 16 :General Problems of Intercalibration and Standardization WG 15 :Photosynthetic Radiant Energy (joint with UNESCO and IAPO) WG 14 :General Scientific Framework WG 13 :Zooplankton Sampling Methods (joint with ICES and UNESCO) WG 12 :Abstracts and Bibliographies WG 11 :Atlases WG 10 :Oceanographic Tables and Standards (joint with ICES, IAPO, UNESCO* reconstituted as the Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards
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JPOTS
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) WG 9 :Fisheries Oceanography WG 8 :Radio-aids to Navigation WG 7 :World Data Centres WG 6 :Chemical Oceanography WG 4 :Physical Properties of Sea Water WG 3 :Measurements of the Productivity of the Sea and of the Standing Crops of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton (renamed Biological Production of the Sea) WG 2 :Carbon Dioxide in the Ocean WG 1 :Radioactivity in the Ocean
or some other product that will advance the topic". As of 2021, there have been 161 working URL