In late 1821 and early 1822, Haiti sent emissaries to the central and northern parts of Spanish Haiti to promote its annexation, and the people began to raise the Haitian flag on public buildings and plazas, such as Hincha (present-day Hinche), but also in large cities like Puerto Plata ( 13 December 1821), Dajabón ( 15 December ), Santiago ( 29 December ) and La Vega ( 4 January 1822), whereas other forces which opposed unification with Haiti formally declared independence from Spain on December 1, 1821. Independence (1821–1822) On December 30, 1821  at 11:30 p.m. the tropas de morenos (), led by Pablo Ali and José Núñez de Cáceres, surprised the Fortaleza Ozama's guards and jailed Governor Pascual Real in the Torre de Homenaje (the keep) of Santo Domingo. The next morning, at 6:00 a.m. , the cannon fire signalled the political change taking place. In Haiti, the French system of private land ownership guaranteed by the state was the norm, while in the Spanish section, the predominant system was communal grounds, and a hierarchy of tenancy that clashed. By June 15, Boyer was still promising nationally donated land. In order to donate this land, the Haitian administration prohibited ownership of land by white Dominicans, depriving the main popular families of the country of their lands. Boyer enacted a rural code which was “ designed to force yeomen into large-scale production of export crops. The nation, however, lacked the wherewithal, the enthusiasm, and the discipline to enforce the code ” .
In late 1821 and early 1822, Haiti sent emissaries to the central and northern parts of Spanish Haiti to promote its annexation, and the people began to raise the Haitian flag on public buildings and plazas, such as Hincha (present-day Hinche), but also in large cities like Puerto Plata ( December 13, 1821), Dajabón ( December 15 ), Santiago ( December 29 ) and La Vega ( January 4, 1822), whereas other forces which opposed unification with Haiti formally declared independence from Spain on December 1, 1821. Independence (1821–1822) On December 30, 1821 , at 11:30 p.m. the tropas de morenos (), led by Pablo Ali and José Núñez de Cáceres, surprised the Fortaleza Ozama's guards and jailed Governor Pascual Real in the Torre de Homenaje (the keep) of Santo Domingo. The next morning, at 6:00 am , the cannon fire signalled the political change taking place. In Haiti, the French system of private land ownership guaranteed by the state was the norm, while in the Spanish section, the predominant system was communal grounds, and a hierarchy of tenancy that clashed. By June 15, Boyer was still promising nationally donated land. To donate this land, the Haitian administration prohibited ownership of land by white Dominicans, depriving the main popular families of the country of their lands. Boyer enacted a rural code which was " designed to force yeomen into large-scale production of export crops. The nation, however, lacked the wherewithal, the enthusiasm, and the discipline to enforce the code " .
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13 December
December 13,
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15 December
December 15
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29 December
December 29
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4 January
January 4,
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