Biology-based Biology-based methods not only aim to describe observed effects, but also to understand them in terms of underlying processes such as toxico-kinetics , mortality, feeding, growth and reproduction (Kooijman 1997). This type of approach starts with the description of the uptake and elimination of a compound by an organism is , as an effect can only be expected if the compound is inside the organism, and where the No Effect Concentration is one of the modeling parameters. As the approach is biologically based it is also possible by using Dynamic Energy Budget theory Kooijman , 2000 to incorporate multiple stressors (e.g. effects of food restriction, temperature  Heugens, 2001, 2003 ), and quite a few processes that are active under field conditions (e.g. adaptation, population dynamics, species interactions, life cycle phenomena  Sibly and Calow (1989) ). The effects of these multiple stressors are excluded in the standard test procedures by keeping the local environment in the test constant. It is also possible to use these parameter values to predict effects at longer exposure times, or effects when the concentration in the medium is not constant. If the observed effects include those on survival and reproduction of individuals, these parameters can also be used to predict effects on growing populations in the field.Kooijman 1997, Hallam et al. 1989
Biology-based Biology-based methods not only aim to describe observed effects, but also to understand them in terms of underlying processes such as toxicokinetics , mortality, feeding, growth and reproduction (Kooijman 1997). This type of approach starts with the description of the uptake and elimination of a compound by an organism , as an effect can only be expected if the compound is inside the organism, and where the No Effect Concentration is one of the modeling parameters. As the approach is biologically based it is also possible by using Dynamic Energy Budget theoryKooijman , 2000 to incorporate multiple stressors (e.g. effects of food restriction, temperature , etc.) Heugens, 2001, 2003 and quite a few processes that are active under field conditions (e.g. adaptation, population dynamics, species interactions, life cycle phenomena , etc.) Sibly and Calow (1989) The effects of these multiple stressors are excluded in the standard test procedures by keeping the local environment in the test constant. It is also possible to use these parameter values to predict effects at longer exposure times, or effects when the concentration in the medium is not constant. If the observed effects include those on survival and reproduction of individuals, these parameters can also be used to predict effects on growing populations in the field.Kooijman 1997, Hallam et al. 1989
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toxico-kinetics
toxicokinetics
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theory Kooijman
theoryKooijman
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),
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