The seminal idea of quantum money due to Stephen Wiesner, the money not URLeable due to laws of Quantum Mechanics  , has laid foundations for the Quantum Information Theory in early '70s. As quantum technology develops, in parallel to crypto-currencies entering market, various other schemes for quantum currencies are being proposednowadays. The schemes put forward so far relay on assumption that the mint does not cooperate with the counterfeiter who may use malicious terminal for verification. Here we introduce a semi-device independent scheme for money partially relaxing this assumption . We prove that it is protected against URLery under qubit by qubit copying in case when the banknote is verified at the Bank by untrusted terminal. In case of verification by classical communication, protection against a URLery cheating independently on each qubit is also provided. The scheme bases on the preamble of semi-device independent protocol of Paw\l{ Phys. Rev. A 84, 010302 (2011)%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% with more restrictive condition for acceptance. This is in correspondence with more complex proof of security originating from a two-party cryptographic nature of the money schemes. The lower bound on the size of the banknote is ruled only by the law of large numbers as the secure key is not physically generated during the protocol. Due to the current burst out of the new quantum-crypto currencies, on the basis of the presented protocol we finally introduce and discuss possible quantum analogue of the Oresme-Copernicus-Gresham's law of economy.
The seminal idea of quantum money not URLeable due to laws of Quantum Mechanics proposed by Stephen Wiesner , has laid foundations for the Quantum Information Theory in early '70s. Recently, several other schemes for quantum currencies have been proposed, all however relying on the assumption that the mint does not cooperate with the counterfeiter . Drawing inspirations from the semi-device independent %DIFDELCMD < ] %%% quantum key distribution protocol, we introduce the first scheme of quantum money with this assumption partially relaxed, along with the proof of its URLeability. Significance of this protocol is supported by an impossibility result, which we prove, stating that there is no both fully device independent and secure money scheme. Finally, we formulate a quantum analogue of the Oresme-Copernicus-Gresham's law of economy.
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due to Stephen Wiesner, the money
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proposed by Stephen Wiesner
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As quantum technology develops, in parallel to crypto-currencies entering market, various
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are being proposednowadays. The schemes put forward so far relay on
have been proposed, all however relying on the
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who may use malicious terminal for verification. Here we introduce a
. Drawing inspirations from the
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scheme for money partially relaxing this assumption . We prove that it is protected against URLery under qubit by qubit copying in case when the banknote is verified at the Bank by untrusted terminal. In case of verification by classical communication, protection against a URLery cheating independently on each qubit is also provided. The scheme bases on the preamble of semi-device independent protocol of Paw\l{
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Phys. Rev. A 84, 010302 (2011)
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with more restrictive condition for acceptance. This is in correspondence with more complex proof of security originating from a two-party cryptographic nature of the money schemes. The lower bound on the size of the banknote is ruled only by the law of large numbers as the secure key is not physically generated during the protocol. Due to the current burst out of the new quantum-crypto currencies, on the basis of the presented protocol we finally introduce and discuss possible
quantum key distribution protocol, we introduce the first scheme of quantum money with this assumption partially relaxed, along with the proof of its URLeability. Significance of this protocol is supported by an impossibility result, which we prove, stating that there is no both fully device independent and secure money scheme. Finally, we formulate a