This sketch illustrates the definition of the Turner angle, Tu(degree), with corresponding Density ratio value indicated. Double-diffusion is scaled in low, medium, and strong conditions.:|267x267px The Turner angle Tu, introduced by Ruddick(1983) named after J. Stewart Turner, is a parameter used to define the local stability of an inviscid water column to double-diffusive convection , defined as:  Turner angle is related to the density ratio mathematically by: Characteristic Global distribution of the meridional Turner angle Tu at the sea surface (left penal) and 300m depth (right panel). a: July–September, b: January–March, in Gall-Peters projection.|527x527px The global meridional Turner angle distributions at the surface and 300-m depth in different seasons are investigated by Tippins, Duncan & Tomczak, Matthias (2003), which indicates the overall stability of the ocean over a long-time scale. It's worth noting that 300-m depth is deep enough to be beneath the mixed layer during all seasons over most of the subtropics, yet shallow enough to be located entirely in the permanent thermocline, even in the tropics. The function of Turner angle is available for Python  in the GSW Oceanographic Toolbox from the function gsw_Turner_Rsubrho.   References External links The Gibbs SeaWater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox of TEOS-10 gsw_Turner_Rsubrho 
This sketch illustrates the definition of the Turner angle, Tu(degree), with corresponding Density ratio value indicated. Double-diffusion is scaled in low, medium, and strong conditions.:|267x267px The Turner angle Tu, introduced by Ruddick(1983) named after J. Stewart Turner, is a parameter used to describe the local stability of an inviscid water column to double-diffusive convection . The temperature and salinity attributes, which generally determine the water density, both respond to the water vertical structure. By putting these two variables in orthogonal coordinates, the angle with the axis can indicate the importance of the two in stability. Turner angle is defined as: Relation to density ratio Turner angle is related to the density ratio mathematically by: Characteristics Global distribution of the meridional Turner angle Tu at the sea surface (left penal) and 300m depth (right panel). a: July–September, b: January–March, in Gall-Peters projection.|527x527px The global meridional Turner angle distributions at the surface and 300-m depth in different seasons are investigated by Tippins, Duncan & Tomczak, Matthias (2003), which indicates the overall stability of the ocean over a long-time scale. It's worth noting that 300-m depth is deep enough to be beneath the mixed layer during all seasons over most of the subtropics, yet shallow enough to be located entirely in the permanent thermocline, even in the tropics. The function of Turner angle is available : For Python, published in the GSW Oceanographic Toolbox from the function gsw_Turner_Rsubrho. For R, please reference this page Home/CRAN/gsw/gsw_Turner_Rsubrho: Turner Angle and Density Ratio. For MATLAB, please reference this page GSW-Matlab/gsw_Turner_Rsubrho.m. References External links The Gibbs SeaWater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox of TEOS-10 gsw_Turner_Rsubrho Home/CRAN/gsw/gsw_Turner_Rsubrho: Turner Angle and Density Ratio. GSW-Matlab/gsw_Turner_Rsubrho.m
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For R, please reference this page Home/CRAN/gsw/gsw_Turner_Rsubrho: Turner Angle and Density Ratio.
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For MATLAB, please reference this page GSW-Matlab/gsw_Turner_Rsubrho.m.
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Home/CRAN/gsw/gsw_Turner_Rsubrho: Turner Angle and Density Ratio. GSW-Matlab/gsw_Turner_Rsubrho.m