The Treaty of Akhal was signed by Persia and Imperial Russia on 21 September 1881. The treaty marked Persia 's official recognition of Khwarazm's  annexation by the Russian Empire. Although Persia had won a clear victory in the last Ottoman–Persian War (1821–23) over their Ottoman arch rivals, it had been considerably weakened by years of ineffective rulers, the defeat against Russia in 1813 and 1828 in which they lost all of the Caucasus, and with the increasing occupation by Great Britain of Egypt, during the years of 1873 to 1881, and on top of that the decaying Ottoman Empire, Imperial Russia stepped up its campaign to wrest full control over Central Asia. See The Great Game. Hence forces led by Generals Mikhail Skobelev, Ivan Lazarev, and Konstantin Kaufman spearheaded the campaign, with Persia unable to react. The immobilized Naser al-Din Shah Qajar sent foreign secretary Mirza Sa'eed Khan Mo'tamen ol-Mulk to meet Ivan Zinoviev and sign a treaty in Tehran. By virtue of this treaty, Persia would henceforth cease any claim to all parts of Turkestan and Transoxiana, setting the Atrek River as the new boundary. Hence Merv, Sarakhs, Eshgh Abad, and the surrounding areas were transferred to Russian control under the command of General Alexander Komarov in 1884. References Mahdavi, H. A. Tarikh-i Ravābit-i Khareji -e Iran   . 1985. p. 286-287. Nasser Takmil Homayoun. Kharazm: What do I know about Iran?. 2004. , p. 85-87. 
300px|The hill of Dengil Tepe (modern Turkmenistan), after being captured by Russians The Treaty of Akhal (, ), also known as Akhal-Khorasan Convention, was an agreement signed by Qajar Iran and Imperial Russia on 21 September 1881 to mark Iran 's official recognition of Khwarazm's (mostly the territory of present-day Turkmenistan) annexation by the Russian Empire. Although Iran had won a clear victory in the last Ottoman–Persian War (1821–23) over their Ottoman arch rivals, it had been considerably weakened by years of ineffective rulers, the defeat against Russia in 1813 and 1828 in which they lost all of the Caucasus, and with the increasing occupation by the British Empire of Egypt, during the years of 1873 to 1881, and on top of that the decaying Ottoman Empire, Imperial Russia stepped up its campaign to wrest full control over Central Asia. Hence forces led by Generals Mikhail Skobelev, Ivan Lazarev, and Konstantin Kaufman spearheaded the campaign, with Iran unable to react. The immobilized Naser al-Din Shah Qajar sent foreign secretary Mirza Sa'eed Khan Mo'tamen ol-Mulk to meet Ivan Zinoviev and sign a treaty in Tehran. By virtue of this treaty, Iran would henceforth cease any claim to all parts of Turkestan and Transoxiana, setting the Atrek River as the new boundary. Hence Merv, Sarakhs, Eshgh Abad, and the surrounding areas were transferred to Russian control under the command of General Alexander Komarov in 1884. History Towards the end of the 19th century, Russia had a task to prevent British expansion in Central Asia. To this end, it was necessary to conquer Turkestan. In this case, almost the entire basin of the Caspian Sea would be under the control of Russia. After the Akhal-Teke expedition and the capture of Geok Tepe by general Mikhail Skobelev, the Qajar ruler Naser al-Din Shah Qajar sent foreign secretary Mirza Sa'eed Khan Mo'tamen ol-Mulk to meet Ivan Zinoviev to prepare for the signing of a treaty that would regulate relations between Russia and Iran in Central Asia. According to this treaty, Iran lost all of her territories in Central Asia and stopped claiming Turkestan and Mawarannahr. Under this treaty, in 1884 Merv, Sarakhs, Eshgh Abad and adjacent areas that nowadays incorporates most of the territory of Turkmenistan came under the control of Imperial Russia. Moreover, the treaty established the Atrek River as a new border between Russia and Iran . After becoming the southernmost part of the Russian Empire, the territory of modern Turkmenistan was named Transcaspian Oblast. References
R
The
300px|The hill of Dengil Tepe (modern Turkmenistan), after being captured by Russians The
R
was signed by Persia
(, ), also known as Akhal-Khorasan Convention, was an agreement signed by Qajar Iran
R
1881. The treaty marked Persia
1881 to mark Iran
A
(mostly the territory of present-day Turkmenistan)
R
Although Persia
Although Iran
R
Great Britain
the British Empire
D
See The Great Game.
R
Persia
Iran
R
Persia
Iran
R
References Mahdavi, H. A. Tarikh-i Ravābit-i Khareji -e Iran
History Towards the end of the 19th century, Russia had a task to prevent British expansion in Central Asia. To this end, it was necessary to conquer Turkestan. In this case, almost the entire basin of the Caspian Sea would be under the control of Russia.
A
After the Akhal-Teke expedition and the capture of Geok Tepe by general Mikhail Skobelev, the Qajar ruler Naser al-Din Shah Qajar sent foreign secretary Mirza Sa'eed Khan Mo'tamen ol-Mulk to meet Ivan Zinoviev to prepare for the signing of a treaty that would regulate relations between Russia and Iran in Central Asia.
A
According to this treaty, Iran lost all of her territories in Central Asia and stopped claiming Turkestan and Mawarannahr. Under this treaty, in 1884 Merv, Sarakhs, Eshgh Abad and adjacent areas that nowadays incorporates most of the territory of Turkmenistan came under the control of Imperial Russia. Moreover, the treaty established the Atrek River as a new border between Russia and Iran
R
1985. p. 286-287. Nasser Takmil Homayoun. Kharazm: What do I know about Iran?. 2004. , p. 85-87.
After becoming the southernmost part of the Russian Empire, the territory of modern Turkmenistan was named Transcaspian Oblast.
A
References