Counter urbanization is the process by which people migrate from urban to rural communities, the opposite of urbanization. People have moved from urban to rural communities for various reasons, including job opportunities and simpler lifestyles. In recent years, due to technology, the Urbanization Process has been occurring in reverse. With new communications technology, people from rural communities can work from home because they can connect with each other via rural Internet, which means some employment opportunities no longer require moving to an urban community.Science Daily Counter urbanization is about people being able to explore alternatives to living in the city, creating changes in living location preferences. The reasons that people are leaving cities for smaller cities is not the same across the globe. For Russia, jobs have not always moved to rural areas to accommodate those who want to leave the city. Rather, people find themselves having two homes, one in the city during work days and one in rural areas for days off. There is a weak infrastructure outside of cities to accommodate people who wish to completely relocate. In 2010, it was found that two-thirds of small towns are depressed, meaning that it has a large working-age population that is unemployed, and businesses are not profitable. Clare J.A. Mitchell believes the phenomenon of counterurbanization to be reflective of values and ideology in people’s preferred living style thus taking into consideration not only distances traveled from the urban area but the motivations. Mitchell uses the term “ex-urbanization” that is used in reference to the phenomenon that people reside in the outside perimeters of an urban city but remain closely involved through their social networks and jobs, and the term "ex-urbanites" in reference to those people. Ex-urbanites typically still enjoy the benefits of modern infrastructure. Another term concerning differing motives for traveling or moving away from the city is people who are forced out of the city due to factors such as: the inability to find work, the increased cost of living, or dissatisfaction and/or conflicts with the culture of urban society. This phenomenon is “displaced-urbanization”. Finally, there are those who participate in “anti-urbanization”. Typically these people are motivated by a sort of rejection concerning the urban lifestyle and consumer culture. Anti-urbanization is an escape for those to choose to leave and forgo the lifestyle and culture of the city. The decisive decision to move away from the city for this type of counter urbanization is usually a step toward spiritual growth and rejection of materialism. Political factors may also lead to anti-urbanization. During the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966-1976, urbanization in China stagnated, and a nation-wide anti-urbanization phenomenon occurred , which was specifically manifested in a large-scale "Down to the Countryside Movement". Intellectuals  were persecuted and removed to rural areas. It is estimated that during the peak period of  Down to the Countryside Movement  at the end of the 1960s, more than 10 million people moved from urban China to rural areas, while the total urban population in China was only 168 million in 1968. This anti-urbanization event was fundamentally different from the counter-urbanization in developed countries, as it resulted from a far-left communist ideology.
Counterurbanization is the process by which people migrate from urban to rural communities, the opposite of urbanization. People have moved from urban to rural communities for various reasons, including job opportunities and simpler lifestyles. In recent years, due to technology, the urbanization process has been occurring in reverse. With new communications technology, people from rural communities can work from home because they can connect with each other via rural Internet, which means some employment opportunities no longer require moving to an urban community.Science Daily Counterurbanization is about people being able to explore alternatives to living in the city, creating changes in living location preferences. The reasons that people are leaving cities for smaller cities is not the same across the globe. For Russia, jobs have not always moved to rural areas to accommodate those who want to leave the city. Rather, people find themselves having two homes, one in the city during workdays and one in rural areas for days off. There is a weak infrastructure outside of cities to accommodate people who wish to completely relocate. In 2010, it was found that two-thirds of small towns are depressed, meaning that it has a large working-age population that is unemployed, and businesses are not profitable. Clare J.A. Mitchell believes the phenomenon of counterurbanization to be reflective of values and ideology in people’s preferred living style thus taking into consideration not only distances traveled from the urban area but the motivations. Mitchell uses the term “ex-urbanization” that is used in reference to the phenomenon that people reside in the outside perimeters of an urban city but remain closely involved through their social networks and jobs, and the term "ex-urbanites" in reference to those people. Ex-urbanites typically still enjoy the benefits of modern infrastructure. Another term concerning differing motives for traveling or moving away from the city is people who are forced out of the city due to factors such as: the inability to find work, the increased cost of living, or dissatisfaction and/or conflicts with the culture of urban society. This phenomenon is “displaced-urbanization”. Finally, there are those who participate in “anti-urbanization”. Typically these people are motivated by a sort of rejection concerning the urban lifestyle and consumer culture. Anti-urbanization is an escape for those to choose to leave and forgo the lifestyle and culture of the city. The decisive decision to move away from the city for this type of Counterurbanization is usually a step toward spiritual growth and rejection of materialism. Political factors may also lead to anti-urbanization. In China, during the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966-1976, urbanization stagnated, and a nation-wide anti-urbanization started , which was manifested by a massive "Down to the Countryside Movement". Intellectuals and officials were persecuted and removed to rural areas. It is estimated that during the peak period of " Down to the Countryside Movement " at the end of the 1960s, more than 10 million people moved from urban China to rural areas, while the total urban population in China was 168 million in 1968. This anti-urbanization process was fundamentally different from counterurbanization as seen in developed countries, as it resulted from a far-left communist ideology.
R
Counter urbanization
Counterurbanization
R
Urbanization Process
urbanization process
R
Counter urbanization
Counterurbanization
R
work days
workdays
R
counter urbanization
Counterurbanization
R
During
In China, during
D
in China
R
phenomenon occurred
started
R
specifically manifested in a large-scale
manifested by a massive
A
and officials
A
"
A
"
D
only
R
event
process
R
the counter-urbanization
counterurbanization as seen