Reid's Paradox of Rapid Plant Migration or Reid's Paradox, describes the observation from the paleoecological record that plant ranges shifted northward, after the last glacial maximum, at a faster rate than the seed dispersal rates commonly occur. Rare long-distance seed dispersal events have been hypothesized to explain these fast migration rates, but the dispersal vector(s) are still unknown. The plant species' geographic range expansion rates are compared to the actualistic rates of seed dispersal using mathematical models, and are graphically visualized using dispersal kernels. These observations made in the paleontological record, which inspired Reid's Paradox, are from fossilized remains of plant parts : needles, leaves, pollen, and seeds, that can be used to identify past shifts in plant species' ranges. Reid's Paradox is named after Clement Reid, a paleobotonaist , who made the principle observations from the Paleobotanical record in Europe in 1899. His comparison of Oak tree seed dispersal rates, and the observed range of oak trees from the fossil record, did not concur. Reid hypothesized that diffusion was not a possible explanation for the observed paradox, and supplemented his hypothesis by noting that birds were the likely cause of long range seed dispersal. Reid's Paradox has been subsequently documented across Europe and North America. Dispersal kernels Dispersal kernels are statistical models that represent the probability of seed dispersal from the source tree. Realistic biological data is required to complete the models , to accurately fill in variables such as : numberof seeds , seed size, and reproductive age. Depending on the plant species, the variables in the equation will change. In the years since Reid hypothesized the methods for seed dispersal, the models have gained more complex elements which attempt to resolve Reid's Paradox. alt=|Dispersal Kernels representing seed frequencies at increasing distances from the parent tree|427x427px The dispersal of seeds from a parent tree are initially spread as a normal distribution, as predicted by a standard diffusion equation. However, biological phenomenon complicate the diffusion equation by adding biotic vectors of dispersal such as blue jays and eastern grey squirrels, species which possess caching behaviors, and abiotic agents of dispersal such as high velocity wind storms. These additional vectors of seed dispersal make the dispersal kernels have a "fat-tail", or a large kurtosis. This means that the probability of a long-range dispersal event is higher than that of the standard diffusion dispersal kernel. In order to resolve Reid's Paradox, the vector(s) of seed-dispersal, which give the dispersal kernel a fat-tail, must be identified.
Reid's Paradox of Rapid Plant Migration or Reid's Paradox, describes the observation from the paleoecological record that plant ranges shifted northward, after the last glacial maximum, at a faster rate than the seed dispersal rates commonly occur. Rare long-distance seed dispersal events have been hypothesized to explain these fast migration rates, but the dispersal vector(s) are still unknown. The plant species' geographic range expansion rates are compared to the actualistic rates of seed dispersal using mathematical models, and are graphically visualized using dispersal kernels. These observations made in the paleontological record, which inspired Reid's Paradox, are from fossilized remains of plant parts , including needles, leaves, pollen, and seeds, that can be used to identify past shifts in plant species' ranges. Reid's Paradox is named after Clement Reid, a paleobotanist , who made the principle observations from the paleobotanical record in Europe in 1899. His comparison of oak tree seed dispersal rates, and the observed range of oak trees from the fossil record, did not concur. Reid hypothesized that diffusion was not a possible explanation for the observed paradox, and supplemented his hypothesis by noting that birds were the likely cause of long range seed dispersal. Reid's Paradox has been subsequently documented across Europe and North America. Dispersal kernels Dispersal kernels are statistical models that represent the probability of seed dispersal from the source tree. Realistic biological data is required to complete the models . These data are used to accurately fill in variables such as seed number , seed size, and reproductive age. Depending on the plant species, the variables in the equation will change. In the years since Reid hypothesized the methods for seed dispersal, the models have gained more complex elements which attempt to resolve Reid's Paradox. alt=|Dispersal kernels representing seed frequencies at increasing distances from the parent tree|427x427px The dispersal of seeds from a parent tree are initially occurs as a normal distribution, as predicted by a standard diffusion equation. However, biological phenomenon complicate the diffusion equation by adding biotic vectors of dispersal such as blue jays and eastern grey squirrels, species which possess caching behaviors, and abiotic agents of dispersal such as high velocity wind storms. These additional vectors of seed dispersal make the dispersal kernels have a "fat-tail", or a large kurtosis. This means that the probability of a long-range dispersal event is higher than that of the standard diffusion dispersal kernel. In order to resolve Reid's Paradox, the vector(s) of seed-dispersal, which give the dispersal kernel a fat-tail, must be identified.
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