Disagreements about the hypodermic needle theory may be based on how audiences are classified. For example, the pro-hypodermic perspective suggests that despite differing types of audiences, the theory remains valid if a direct effect occurs. However, many anti-hypodermic views instead note that the theory can only be applied if the effect works on a similar, mass group of people. Other areas of difference in interpreting the theory lie within whether or not mediating and intervening variables are included in the case , such as the influence of an audience’s prior knowledge and background. Theory Application in the Digital Age Although the hypodermic needle theory was studied more in depth in the early half of the 20th century, the integration of social media platforms further tests the theory’s application. With the invention of the internet and popularity of social media channels , social interaction has evolved into a two-way street where influencers, leaders, politicians, brands and individuals can communicate with one another. This social relationship has led to behavior changes in the digital age, some of which align with characteristics of the hypodermic needle theory. As a digital case example, current research examines how false news reached mass audiences in Nigeria on October 11, 2017. Rumors spread through the South Eastern states of Nigeria that soldiers were supposedly vaccinating and infecting children with the Monkeypox disease. This became a headline in newspapers and social media sites, such as Whatsapp, which aided in creating mass panic and fear. Parents reacted by messaging each other, sharing online posts and rushing to schools to pick up their children. Print and digital outlets included headlines like, “Free Medical Outreach: Army Wanted to Depopulate Southeast Region With Monkey Pox – Residents Insist,” “Parents Withdraw Children From Ondo State Schools Over False Rumors Of Deadly Vaccines,” and “Don't allow soldiers immunise your children - Ezeife tells Ndigbo.”  Research gathered from this case suggests that although the parents and citizens were active in responding and communicating through social channels, they were passive in their choice to believe the false narrative. The hypodermic needle theory is based purely on assumptions about human behaviors , but contemporary research adds that these behaviors and methods are always evolving and changing. In the field of science and information technology, researchers suggest using social media literacy as a tool for combating passive media consumption. They suggest increasing critical thinking use, and questioning the validity and credibility of what is shown and said on social media platforms. Similarly, contemporary research considers libraries and information centers as a form of media because of their influence over knowledge and source selection.
Disagreements about the hypodermic needle theory may be based on how audiences are classified. For example, the pro-hypodermic perspective suggests that despite differing types of audiences, the theory remains valid if a direct effect occurs. However, many anti-hypodermic views instead note that the theory can only be applied if the effect works on a similar, mass group of people. Other interpretation differences depend on whether researchers involve mediating and intervening variables in case studies. This may include the influence of an audience’s prior knowledge and background. Theory Application in the Digital Age Although the hypodermic needle theory was studied more in depth in the early half of the 20th century, the integration of social media platforms further tests the theory’s application. The invention of the internet and popularity of social media channels makes social interaction a two-way street . Through this, influencers, leaders, politicians, brands and individuals can communicate with one another. This social relationship has led to behavior changes in the digital age, some of which align with characteristics of the hypodermic needle theory. As a digital case example, current research examines how false news reached mass audiences in Nigeria on October 11, 2017. Rumors spread through the South Eastern states of Nigeria that soldiers were supposedly vaccinating and infecting children with the Monkeypox disease. This became a headline in newspapers and social media sites, such as Whatsapp, and aided in creating mass panic and fear. Parents reacted by messaging each other, sharing online posts and rushing to schools to pick up their children. Print and digital outlets included headlines like, “Free Medical Outreach: Army Wanted to Depopulate Southeast Region With Monkey Pox – Residents Insist,” “Parents Withdraw Children From Ondo State Schools Over False Rumors Of Deadly Vaccines,” and “Don't allow soldiers immunise your children - Ezeife tells Ndigbo.” ” Research gathered from this case suggests that although the parents and citizens were active in responding and communicating through social channels, they were passive in their choice to believe the false narrative. The hypodermic needle theory is based purely on assumptions about human behaviors . But, contemporary research adds that these behaviors and methods are always evolving and changing. In the field of science and information technology, researchers suggest using social media literacy as a tool for combating passive media consumption. They suggest increasing critical thinking use, and questioning the validity and credibility of what is on social media platforms. Similarly, contemporary research considers libraries and information centers as a form of media because of their influence over knowledge and source selection.
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