In a New York Times Magazine series commemorating the 10th anniversary of 9/ 11  , a round table was held bringing together Paul Berman, Scott Malcomson, James Traub, David Rieff, Ian Burama and Michael Ignatieff. Malcomson observed, During the Cold War, the United States and other Western powers developed a robust infrastructure for waging a war of ideas against the communist ideology being promulgated by the Soviet Union and its allies. During the Truman and Eisenhower administrations , the so-called golden age of U.S. propaganda, counterpropaganda, and public diplomacy operations, the U.S. government carried out a sophisticated program of overt and covert activities designed to shape public opinion behind the Iron Curtain, within European intellectual and cultural circles, and across the developing world.William Rosenau,The RAND Corporation, “Waging the “war of Ideas,”(The McGraw-Hill Homeland Security Handbook, Chapter 72, pp. 1131–1148, 2006) The United States was able to reach as much as 50–70\% of the populations behind the Iron Curtain during the 1950s through their international broadcasting.Susan L. Gough,‘‘The Evolution of Strategic Influence,’’ USAWC [U.S. Army War College] Strategy Research Project, Carlisle Barracks, Pa. (April 7, 2004), p. 16 High-level interest in such operations waned during the 1970s, but received renewed emphasis under President Ronald Reagan, the Great Communicator, who, like  Eisenhower, was a firm advocate of the informational component of America's Cold War strategy.Susan L. Gough,‘‘The Evolution of Strategic Influence,’’PP.20–24 Terrorism is a form of political and psychological warfare; it is protracted, high-intensity propaganda, aimed more at the hearts of the public and the minds of decision makers, and not at the physical victims.J. Michael Waller, Fighting the War of Ideas like a Real War (The Institute of World Politics Press,2007), p.20-21. There is growing recognition among U.S. government officials, journalists, and analysts of terrorism that defeating al-Qaida— arguably the preeminent challenge to U.S. security—will require far more than neutralizing leaders, disrupting cells, and dismantling networks.William Rosenau,The RAND Corporation, “Waging the “war of Ideas,” (The McGraw-Hill Homeland Security Handbook, Chapter 72, pp. 1131–1148, 2006) The 9/11 Commission concluded in its final report, eliminating al-Qaida as a formidable danger ultimately requires prevailing in the longer term over the ideology that gives rise to Islamist terrorism."National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States,The 9/11 Commission Report (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004), p. 363.  Users of terror tactics' strategic communications goals are aimed at legitimizing, propagating, and intimidating their audience. Their skilful use of the mass media and the internet has enabled them to keep generating new generations of followers.Dr. Carsten Bockstette, "Jihadist Terrorist Use of Strategic Communication Management Techniques" URL
In a New York Times Magazine series commemorating the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks , a round table was held bringing together Paul Berman, Scott Malcomson, James Traub, David Rieff, Ian Burama and Michael Ignatieff. Malcomson observed, During the Cold War, the United States and other Western powers developed a robust infrastructure for waging a war of ideas against the communist ideology being promulgated by the Soviet Union and its allies. During the administrations of Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower , the so-called golden age of U.S. propaganda, counterpropaganda, and public diplomacy operations, the U.S. government carried out a sophisticated program of overt and covert activities designed to shape public opinion behind the Iron Curtain, within European intellectual and cultural circles, and across the developing world.William Rosenau,The RAND Corporation, “Waging the “war of Ideas,”(The McGraw-Hill Homeland Security Handbook, Chapter 72, pp. 1131–1148, 2006) The United States was able to reach as much as 50–70\% of the populations behind the Iron Curtain during the 1950s through their international broadcasting.Susan L. Gough,‘‘The Evolution of Strategic Influence,’’ USAWC [U.S. Army War College] Strategy Research Project, Carlisle Barracks, Pa. (April 7, 2004), p. 16 High-level interest in such operations waned during the 1970s, but received renewed emphasis under President Ronald Reagan, the Great Communicator, who, like Dwight D. Eisenhower, was a firm advocate of the informational component of America's Cold War strategy.Susan L. Gough,‘‘The Evolution of Strategic Influence,’’PP.20–24 Terrorism is a form of political and psychological warfare; it is protracted, high-intensity propaganda, aimed more at the hearts of the public and the minds of decision makers, and not at the physical victims.J. Michael Waller, Fighting the War of Ideas like a Real War (The Institute of World Politics Press,2007), p.20-21. There is growing recognition among U.S. government officials, journalists, and analysts of terrorism that defeating al-Qaida— arguably the preeminent challenge to U.S. security—will require far more than neutralizing leaders, disrupting cells, and dismantling networks.William Rosenau,The RAND Corporation, “Waging the “war of Ideas,” (The McGraw-Hill Homeland Security Handbook, Chapter 72, pp. 1131–1148, 2006) The 9/11 Commission concluded in its final report, eliminating al-Qaida as a formidable danger ultimately requires prevailing in the longer term over the ideology that gives rise to Islamist terrorism."National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States,The 9/11 Commission Report (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004), p. 363. '' Users of terror tactics' strategic communications goals are aimed at legitimizing, propagating, and intimidating their audience. Their skillful use of the mass media and the internet has enabled them to keep generating new generations of followers.Dr. Carsten Bockstette, "Jihadist Terrorist Use of Strategic Communication Management Techniques" URL
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