Cultural competence, also known as intercultural competence, is a continuous and life long journey to increase people's skills in being proficient in intercultural and intra cultural knowledgeMessner, W., & Schäfer, N. (2012) The ICCA Facilitator's Manual. Intercultural Communication and Collaboration Appraisal. London: GloBus Research, p. 41 (also see: URL Spitzberg, B. H. (2000). A Model of Intercultural Communication Competence. In L. A. Samovar, & R. E. Porter, Intercultural Communication - A Reader (pp. 375-87). Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing.Deardorff, D. K. (2009). The Sage handbook of intercultural competence. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. which can improve the ability to work with people with different culture. Another issue that stands out in intercultural communication is the attitude stemming from Ethnocentrism . LeVine and Campbell defines ethnocentrism as people's tendency to view their culture or in-group as superior to other groups, and to judge those groups to their standards.LeVine and Campbell, cited in With ethnocentric attitudes, those incapable to expand their view of different cultures could create conflict between groups. Ignorance to diversity and cultural groups contributes to prevention of peaceful interaction in a fast-paced globalizing world. The counterpart of ethnocentrism is ethnorelativism: the ability to see multiple values, beliefs, norms etc. in the world as cultural rather than universal; being able to understand and accept different cultures as equally valid as ones' own. It is a mindset that moves beyond in-group out-group to see all groups as equally important and valid and individuals to be seen in terms of their own cultural context. Short-term or Monochronic Orientation Cultures value tradition, personal stability, maintaining "face , "  and reciprocity during interpersonal interactions People expect quick results after actions Historical events and beliefs influence people's actions in the present Monochronic cultures are Canada, Philippines, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the United States Long-term or Polychronic Orientation Cultures value persistence, thriftiness, and humility People sacrifice immediate gratification for long-term commitments Cultures believe that past results do not guarantee for the future and are aware of change Polychronic cultures are China, Japan, Brazil, and India Allophilia Anthropologist Bennett scale Cross-cultural communication Cultural assimilation Cultural behavior Cultural diversity Cultural identity Cultural intelligence Cultural pluralism Cultural safety Etiquette in Africa Etiquette in Asia Etiquette in Australia and New Zealand Etiquette in Canada and the United States Etiquette in Europe Etiquette in Latin America Etiquette in the Middle East Existential migration Adab (Islamic etiquette) Faux pas Immigration to the United States Interaction Intercultural communication Intercultural communication principles Intercultural relations Intercultural Universities in Mexico Interculturalism Interpersonal communication Montreal–Philippines cutlery controversy Multiculturalism Proxemics Purnell Model for Cultural Competence Social constructionism Social identity Transculturation Worldwide etiquette Xenocentrism
Cultural competence, also known as intercultural competence, is a continuous and life long journey to increase people's skills in being proficient in intercultural and intracultural knowledgeMessner, W., & Schäfer, N. (2012) The ICCA Facilitator's Manual. Intercultural Communication and Collaboration Appraisal. London: GloBus Research, p. 41 (also see: URL Spitzberg, B. H. (2000). A Model of Intercultural Communication Competence. In L. A. Samovar, & R. E. Porter, Intercultural Communication - A Reader (pp. 375-87). Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing.Deardorff, D. K. (2009). The Sage handbook of intercultural competence. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. which can improve the ability to work with people with different culture. Another issue that stands out in intercultural communication is the attitude stemming from ethnocentrism . LeVine and Campbell defines ethnocentrism as people's tendency to view their culture or in-group as superior to other groups, and to judge those groups to their standards.LeVine and Campbell, cited in With ethnocentric attitudes, those incapable to expand their view of different cultures could create conflict between groups. Ignorance to diversity and cultural groups contributes to prevention of peaceful interaction in a fast-paced globalizing world. The counterpart of ethnocentrism is ethnorelativism: the ability to see multiple values, beliefs, norms etc. in the world as cultural rather than universal; being able to understand and accept different cultures as equally valid as ones' own. It is a mindset that moves beyond in-group out-group to see all groups as equally important and valid and individuals to be seen in terms of their own cultural context. Short-term or Monochronic Orientation Cultures value tradition, personal stability, maintaining "face " , and reciprocity during interpersonal interactions People expect quick results after actions Historical events and beliefs influence people's actions in the present Monochronic cultures are Canada, Philippines, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the United States Long-term or Polychronic Orientation Cultures value persistence, thriftiness, and humility People sacrifice immediate gratification for long-term commitments Cultures believe that past results do not guarantee for the future and are aware of change Polychronic cultures are China, Japan, Brazil, and India Allophilia Anthropologist Bennett scale Cross-cultural communication Cultural assimilation Cultural behavior Cultural diversity Cultural identity Cultural intelligence Cultural pluralism Cultural safety Existential migration Adab (Islamic etiquette) Faux pas Interaction Intercultural communication Intercultural communication principles Intercultural relations Interculturalism Interpersonal communication Montreal–Philippines cutlery controversy Multiculturalism Proxemics Purnell Model for Cultural Competence Social constructionism Social identity Transculturation Worldwide etiquette Xenocentrism
R
intra cultural
intracultural
R
Ethnocentrism
ethnocentrism
D
,
A
,
D
Etiquette in Africa Etiquette in Asia Etiquette in Australia and New Zealand Etiquette in Canada and the United States Etiquette in Europe Etiquette in Latin America Etiquette in the Middle East
D
Immigration to the United States
D
Intercultural Universities in Mexico