4th century Year Date Event 305 May Galerius, born in SerdicaEutropius. Breviarivm historiae romanae, IX, 22 (Sofia, Bulgaria), whose mother had fled from Dacia Traiana, becomes and rules as Roman Emperor. He is also awarded six Carpicus Maximus titles after winning six battles against the Carps.CIL III.6979 Galerius died in late April or early May 311 from a horribly gruesome disease described by EusebiusEusebius, Historia Ecclesiae 352–356 and Lactantius,Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum 33 possibly some form of bowel cancer, gangrene or Fournier gangrene. (to 311) 308 Dacian-born Maximinus II (Galerius' nephew) becomes Roman Emperor. He competed with Licinius in the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy. He ruled together with other Roman Emperors as per the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy. (to 313) Licinius I, born to peasant family which had fled from Dacia Traiana, becomes Roman Emperor of the eastern part of the Roman Empire. He was the childhood friend of the Roman Emperor Galerius. (to 324) 311 Galerius signs the Edict of Serdica (modern day Sofia, Bulgaria) thus officially ending the Diocletianic persecution of Christianity in the East two years before the Edict of Milan being the first edict legalizing Christianity. 313 Shortly before Maximinus II's death at Tarsus, while previously persecuting Christians and opposing the Edict of Serdica, he issued an edict of tolerance on his own, granting Christians the rights of assembling, of building churches, and the restoration of their confiscated properties.Ecclesiastical History'', X, 7–11 February Licinius I co-authored the Edict of Milan with Roman Emperor Constantine I thus bestowing legal status on the Christian religion. Christianity was later made the official religion of the Roman Empire under Roman Emperor Theodosius I in 380. According to Lactantius' literary chronicle De mortibus Persecutorum, Galerius affirms his Dacian (Thracian) identity by avowing himself the enemy of the Roman name once made emperor, even proposing that the empire should be called the "Dacian Empire". He exhibited anti-Roman attitude as soon as he had attained the highest power, treating the Roman citizens with ruthless cruelty, like the conquerors treated the conquered, all in the name of the same treatment that the victorious Trajan had applied to the conquered Dacians, forefathers of Galerius, two centuries before. (to 316) 317 Roman emperor Constantine I the Great is awarded the title Carpicus Maximus after winning a battle against the Carps.CIL VIII.8412 March 1 Licinius II (Licinius I's son) serves in the Eastern Roman Empire with the rank of Caesar as per the inscription "LICINIUS IUNior NOBilissimus CAESar" which translates as 'Licinius Junior Most Noble Caesar'. (to 324) 324 Constantine I defeats Licinius I at the Battle of Chrysopolis and becomes Roman Emperor during the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy. 325 Licinius I is hanged by Constantine due to being accused of conspiring to raise troops among the barbarians. 326 Licinius II is killed by the Roman Emperor Constantine, probably in the context of the execution of Caesar Crispus. 333 The Itinerarium Burdigalense mentions Troesmis.Laura-Diana Cizer, Toponimia județului Tulcea: considerații sincronice și diacronice, 303 pag., Editura Lumen, 2012 (to 334) 353 The Roman soldier and historian Ammianus Marcellinus places the Carps as living inside the Roman Empire.Ammianus XXVIII.1.5; XXVII.5.5 (to 378) 370 Alaric I is born on Peuce Island, Dobruja, modern-day Romania. He later led the Goths in the Sack of Rome (410). 381 The Byzantine chronicler Zosimus records an invasion over the Danube by a barbarian coalition of Huns, Scirii and what he terms Karpodakai, or Carpo-Dacians, as being defeated by emperor Theodosius.Zosimus, Historia Nova, IV (114) 390 The Notitia Dignitatum mentions the presence of the commander of the Roman Legion Legio II Herculia in Troesmis.TOCILESCU 1883a, p. 101Gheorghe Mănucu-Adameșteanu, Comuna Turtucoaia, punct Iglița, cetățile Troesmis est și Troesmis vest. Considerații privind locuirea medio – bizantină din secolele X-XIIINDOr. 39, 23 and 29: Trosmis, 31: Iprosmis 393 A coin bearing the name of the Western Roman Emperor Honorius was found in a grave at URL (to 395) 400 Tabula Peutingeriana shows about 88 localities, the names of some of which were still Dacian at the time of its compiling as they end in -dava. 20 of them are still inhabited today, and 6 of them still retain the same name, or, incorporate their original names into their current name. A paleo-Christian basilica was discovered in Niculițel in the spot named "La Plăcintă". Coins from between 330 – 354 were discovered, as were 5th century modifications to the basilica. While a specific end date for the use of the basilica could not be determined, a couple of 10th century submerged dwellings were discovered as having been dug in the NV corner of the nave which concludes that the basilica was in disarray by the 10th century. Under the altar there is a crypt which housed the bones of the martyrs whose names were written on the sidewalls.Lista monumentelor istorice 2004, MO nr. 646 bis/16/07/2004, Ordinul ministrului culturii şi cultelor nr. 2.314/2004, vol. III, 2004, 2271, poz. 283 [Ordin MCC] (site record source)DMASI, Proiectul Listei Monumentelor Istorice, 1991 [Proiect LMI] (site record source)Baumann, Victor Henrich, Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România. Campania 1994, CIMEC-Institutul de Memorie Culturală, Bucureşti , 1995, URL [Publicaţie] (to 600) A paleo-Christian basilica was discovered in the Adamclisi fortress. (to 600) 6th century Year Date Event 513 Blachernae appeared in a work by Theophanes Confessor in connection with a revolt of Flavius Vitalianus against Anastasius I Dicorus, Emperor in 513.Theophanes Confessor. In: Fontes Historiae Daco-Romanae, București, Institutul de studii Sud-Est Europene, 1970, p.599 571 A bronze coin from the time of the Eastern Roman Emperor Justin II was discovered at Troesmis. (to 573) 587 First written record about a Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe: a Byzantine soldier, native to Thrace (in present-day Bulgaria, Greece or Turkey), shouted at his companion "torna, torna fratre" ("turn around, turn around, brother") during a Byzantine campaign against the Avars invading the Balkan Peninsula. 588 Troesmis was inhabited until 593.BOGDAN-CĂTĂNICIU 1984, p. 49.For the campaigns of Byzantine emperor Maurice see CURTA 2006, p. 87 – 88 şi 104. Byzantine coins were discovered here and dated between 588 – 593 during the reign of Byzantine emperor Maurice.CHIRIAC, BOUNEGRU 1973–1975, p. 102, catalog 7.OBERL^NDER-T]RNOVEANU 1980, p. 274, catalog 177.Pentru campanile lui Mauriciu vezi CURTA 2006, p. 87 – 88 şi 104. (to 593) 600 Procopius mentions forts with names such as Skeptekasas, Burgulatu, Loupofantana and Gemellomountes. Modern authors claim these as Romanian names: Seven House, Broad City, Wolf's Well and Twin Mountains. 10th century Year Date Event 906 Menumorut dies and is succeeded by his son-in-law, Zoltán of Hungary, according to the Gesta Hungarorum. 943 An Old Slavonic (Old Bulgarian) inscription found among the remains of Trajan's Wall in Dobruja bears the name of župan Demetrius.Ovidiu Drimba – Istoria culturii şi civilizaţiei româneşti, Editura Ştiinţifică şi Pedagogică, Bucureşti , 1987, vol.2, pg.404 969 The "Western part" of Troesmis is supposed to have been rebuilt and used again during the reign of the Eastern Roman Emperor John I Tzimiskes based on archaeological discoveries.BARNEA, ŞTEFĂNESCU 1971, p. 80. 976 The Greek historian John Skylitzes mentions the word βλάχοι (Vlachs) in his work Synopsis of Histories. 983 Ibn al-Nadīm published in 938 the work Kitāb al-Fihrist mentioning "Turks, Bulgars and Vlahs" (using Blagha for Vlachs)Ibn al Nadim, al-Fihrist. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. Editor și traducător: B. Dodge, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, p. 37 with n.82Spinei, Victor, The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century. Brill. 2009, p.83 1000 According to the Arab chronicler Mutahhar al-Maqdisi, "They say that in the Turkic neighbourhood there are the Khazars, Russians, Slavs, Waladj, Alans, Greeks and many other peoples."A. Decei, V. Ciocîltan, "La mention des Roumains (Walah) chez Al-Maqdisi,"in Romano-arabica I, Bucharest, 1974, pp. 49–54 Another župan by the name of George is possibly mentioned in an inscription in the Murfatlar Cave Complex, in Dobruja. The Complex is a relict from a widespread monastic phenomenon in a 10th century Bulgaria.Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250, Florin Curta, Cambridge University Press, 2006, , p. 232. The Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII mentions Troesmis. 13th century Year Date Event 1204 November 8 A papal legate delivered a royal crown to Kaloyan of Bulgaria and crowned him "King of the Bulgarians and Vlachs". 1213 An army of Vlachs, Transylvanian Saxons, and Pechenegs, led by Ioachim of Sibiu, attacked the Bulgarians and Cumans that were from Vidin. 1222 Țara Făgărașului was mentioned in documents as Terra Blacorum. 1224 The Diploma Andreanum was issued by Andrew II of Hungary granting provisional autonomy to colonial Germans residing in the present-day area of Sibiu. 1224 Țara Făgărașului was mentioned in documents as Silva Blacorum. 1230 Adventure 22 of The Nibelungenlied states that a certain Duke Ramunnch from Wallachia was present at Atilla's wedding with 700 men riding "as swiftly as flying birds". 1241 The Persian chronicle Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh mentions several rulers from Wallachia such as Bezerenbam and Mişelav and the country of Ilaut.Xenopol, p. 552.C-tin C Giurescu, Istoria Românilor, Ed. ALL Educațional, București, 2003, p. 281Djuvara, cited article. 1247 The diploma of King Béla IV of Hungary issued on July 2, 1247  mentions the local rulers knyaz John, knyaz Farcaş, voivode Litovoi and voivode Seneslau. Seneslau and Litovoi are expressly said to be Vlachs (Olati) in the king's diploma. 1252 Țara Făgărașului was mentioned in documents as Terra Olacorum. 1277 Bărbat succeeds his brother Litovoi as ruler of Oltenia after the later was killed during a battle with the Hungarian army. (to 1280) 1288 First evidence of Diet in Transylvania. 1290 According to legend and the 17th century Cantacuzino Annals, Radu Negru founded Wallachia. 1300 Simon of Keza states in his Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum that the Vlachs remained in Pannonia.Simon de Kéza, Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, IV,G. Popa-Lisseanu, Izvoarele istoriei Românilor, IV, Bucuresti, 1935, p. .32 16th century Year Date Event 1514 György Dózsa led a peasant's revolt in Transylvania against Hungarian nobles. 1521 Neacșu's letter is one of the oldest surviving documents written in the Romanian language. 1532 Francesco della Valle writes that "they name themselves Romei in their own language" ("si dimandano in lingua loro Romei") and, he also cites the expression "Do you know Romanian?" ("se alcuno dimanda se sano parlare in la lingua valacca, dicono a questo in questo modo: Sti Rominest ? Che vol dire: Sai tu Romano?").<ref>"...si dimandano in lingua loro Romei...se alcuno dimanda se sano parlare in la lingua valacca, dicono a questo in questo modo: Sti Rominest ? Che vol dire: Sai tu Romano?..." in: Claudiu Isopescu, Notizie intorno ai romeni nella letteratura geografica italiana del Cinquecento, in Bulletin de la Section Historique, XVI, 1929, p. 1- 90</ref> |- | 1534 || || Tranquillo Andronico remarks that ""Vlachs now name themselves Romanians (Valachi nunc se Romanos vocant).Tranquillo Andronico in Endre Veress', Fontes rerum transylvanicarum: Erdélyi történelmi források, Történettudományi Intézet, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Budapest, 1914, S. 204 1542 The Transylvanian Szekler Johann Lebel wrote that "the Vlachs name each other Romuini"."Ex Vlachi Valachi, Romanenses Italiani,/Quorum reliquae Romanensi lingua utuntur.../Solo Romanos nomine, sine re, repraesentantes./Ideirco vulgariter Romuini sunt appelanti", Ioannes Lebelius, De opido Thalmus, Carmen Istoricum, Cibinii, 1779, p. 11 – 12 1554 The Polish chronicler Stanislaw Orzechowski mentions that "in their language, the vlachs name themselves romini"."qui eorum lingua Romini ab Romanis, nostra Walachi, ab Italis appellantur" St. Orichovius, Annales polonici ab excessu Sigismundi, in I. Dlugossus, Historiae polonicae libri XII, col 1555 1563 An Acts of the Apostles book is printed by the printer Coresi from Brașov in Romanian, though written with the Cyrillic alphabet at the time. 1570 The Croatian Ante Verančić specifies that "the vlachs from Transylvania, Moldova and Transalpina name themselves Romans"."...Valacchi, qui se Romanos nominant..." "Gens quae ear terras (Transsylvaniam, Moldaviam et Transalpinam) nostra aetate incolit, Valacchi sunt, eaque a Romania ducit originem, tametsi nomine longe alieno..." De situ Transsylvaniae, Moldaviae et Transaplinae, in Monumenta Hungariae Historica, Scriptores; II, Pesta, 1857, p. 120 1574 Pierre Lescalopier writes that "those that live in Moldova, Wallachia and most of Transylvania consider themselves as being descendants of Romans and name their language romanian"."Tout ce pays: la Wallachie, la Moldavie et la plus part de la Transylvanie, a esté peuplé des colonies romaines du temps de Trajan l ’ empereur… Ceux du pays se disent vrais successeurs des Romains et nomment leur parler romanechte, c'est-à-dire romain … " în Voyage fait par moy, Pierre Lescalopier l ’ an 1574 de Venise a Constantinople, în: Paul Cernovodeanu, Studii și materiale de istorie medievală, IV, 1960, p. 444 1575 Ferrante Capecci, after travelling through Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldova, mentions that the dwellers of these lands are named "romanesci"."Anzi essi si chiamano romanesci, e vogliono molti che erano mandati quì quei che erano dannati a cavar metalli..." în: Maria Holban, Călători străini despre Țările Române, București, Editura Stiințifică, 1970, vol. II, p.158 – 161 1580 The Orăștie Palia is the oldest translation of the Pentateuch written in the Romanian language.Palia de la Orǎștie (1581–1582), Bucharest, 1968 1600 Wallachian prince Mihai Viteazul briefly imposes his rule over the other two historic principalities inhabited by Romanians – Transylvania and Moldavia.
4th century Year Date Event 305 May Galerius, born in SerdicaEutropius. Breviarivm historiae romanae, IX, 22 (Sofia, Bulgaria), whose mother had fled from Dacia Traiana, becomes and rules as Roman Emperor. He is also awarded six Carpicus Maximus titles after winning six battles against the Carps.CIL III.6979 Galerius died in late April or early May 311 from a horribly gruesome disease described by EusebiusEusebius, Historia Ecclesiae 352–356 and Lactantius,Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum 33 possibly some form of bowel cancer, gangrene or Fournier gangrene. (to 311) 308 Dacian-born Maximinus II (Galerius' nephew) becomes Roman Emperor. He competed with Licinius in the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy. He ruled together with other Roman Emperors as per the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy. (to 313) Licinius I, born to peasant family which had fled from Dacia Traiana, becomes Roman Emperor of the eastern part of the Roman Empire. He was the childhood friend of the Roman Emperor Galerius. (to 324) 311 Galerius signs the Edict of Serdica (modern day Sofia, Bulgaria) thus officially ending the Diocletianic persecution of Christianity in the East two years before the Edict of Milan being the first edict legalizing Christianity. 313 Shortly before Maximinus II's death at Tarsus, while previously persecuting Christians and opposing the Edict of Serdica, he issued an edict of tolerance on his own, granting Christians the rights of assembling, of building churches, and the restoration of their confiscated properties.Ecclesiastical History'', X, 7–11 February Licinius I co-authored the Edict of Milan with Roman Emperor Constantine I thus bestowing legal status on the Christian religion. Christianity was later made the official religion of the Roman Empire under Roman Emperor Theodosius I in 380. According to Lactantius' literary chronicle De mortibus Persecutorum, Galerius affirms his Dacian (Thracian) identity by avowing himself the enemy of the Roman name once made emperor, even proposing that the empire should be called the "Dacian Empire". He exhibited anti-Roman attitude as soon as he had attained the highest power, treating the Roman citizens with ruthless cruelty, like the conquerors treated the conquered, all in the name of the same treatment that the victorious Trajan had applied to the conquered Dacians, forefathers of Galerius, two centuries before. (to 316) 317 Roman emperor Constantine I the Great is awarded the title Carpicus Maximus after winning a battle against the Carps.CIL VIII.8412 March 1 Licinius II (Licinius I's son) serves in the Eastern Roman Empire with the rank of Caesar as per the inscription "LICINIUS IUNior NOBilissimus CAESar" which translates as 'Licinius Junior Most Noble Caesar'. (to 324) 324 Constantine I defeats Licinius I at the Battle of Chrysopolis and becomes Roman Emperor during the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy. 325 Licinius I is hanged by Constantine due to being accused of conspiring to raise troops among the barbarians. 326 Licinius II is killed by the Roman Emperor Constantine, probably in the context of the execution of Caesar Crispus. 333 The Itinerarium Burdigalense mentions Troesmis.Laura-Diana Cizer, Toponimia județului Tulcea: considerații sincronice și diacronice, 303 pag., Editura Lumen, 2012 (to 334) 353 The Roman soldier and historian Ammianus Marcellinus places the Carps as living inside the Roman Empire.Ammianus XXVIII.1.5; XXVII.5.5 (to 378) 370 Alaric I is born on Peuce Island, Dobruja, modern-day Romania. He later led the Goths in the Sack of Rome (410). 381 The Byzantine chronicler Zosimus records an invasion over the Danube by a barbarian coalition of Huns, Scirii and what he terms Karpodakai, or Carpo-Dacians, as being defeated by emperor Theodosius.Zosimus, Historia Nova, IV (114) 390 The Notitia Dignitatum mentions the presence of the commander of the Roman Legion Legio II Herculia in Troesmis.TOCILESCU 1883a, p. 101Gheorghe Mănucu-Adameșteanu, Comuna Turtucoaia, punct Iglița, cetățile Troesmis est și Troesmis vest. Considerații privind locuirea medio – bizantină din secolele X-XIIINDOr. 39, 23 and 29: Trosmis, 31: Iprosmis 393 A coin bearing the name of the Western Roman Emperor Honorius was found in a grave at URL (to 395) 400 Tabula Peutingeriana shows about 88 localities, the names of some of which were still Dacian at the time of its compiling as they end in -dava. 20 of them are still inhabited today, and 6 of them still retain the same name, or, incorporate their original names into their current name. A paleo-Christian basilica was discovered in Niculițel in the spot named "La Plăcintă". Coins from between 330 and 354 were discovered, as were 5th-century modifications to the basilica. While a specific end date for the use of the basilica could not be determined, a couple of 10th century submerged dwellings were discovered as having been dug in the NV corner of the nave which concludes that the basilica was in disarray by the 10th century. Under the altar there is a crypt which housed the bones of the martyrs whose names were written on the sidewalls.Lista monumentelor istorice 2004, MO nr. 646 bis/16/07/2004, Ordinul ministrului culturii şi cultelor nr. 2.314/2004, vol. III, 2004, 2271, poz. 283 [Ordin MCC] (site record source)DMASI, Proiectul Listei Monumentelor Istorice, 1991 [Proiect LMI] (site record source)Baumann, Victor Henrich, Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România. Campania 1994, CIMEC-Institutul de Memorie Culturală, București , 1995, URL [Publicaţie] (to 600) A paleo-Christian basilica was discovered in the Adamclisi fortress. (to 600) 6th century Year Date Event 513 Blachernae appeared in a work by Theophanes Confessor in connection with a revolt of Flavius Vitalianus against Anastasius I Dicorus, Emperor in 513.Theophanes Confessor. In: Fontes Historiae Daco-Romanae, București, Institutul de studii Sud-Est Europene, 1970, p.599 571 A bronze coin from the time of the Eastern Roman Emperor Justin II was discovered at Troesmis. (to 573) 587 First written record about a Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe: a Byzantine soldier, native to Thrace (in present-day Bulgaria, Greece or Turkey), shouted at his companion "torna, torna fratre" ("turn around, turn around, brother") during a Byzantine campaign against the Avars invading the Balkan Peninsula. 588 Troesmis was inhabited until 593.BOGDAN-CĂTĂNICIU 1984, p. 49.For the campaigns of Byzantine emperor Maurice see CURTA 2006, p. 87 – 88 şi 104. Byzantine coins were discovered here and dated between 588 and 593 during the reign of Byzantine emperor Maurice.CHIRIAC, BOUNEGRU 1973–1975, p. 102, catalog 7.OBERL^NDER-T]RNOVEANU 1980, p. 274, catalog 177.Pentru campanile lui Mauriciu vezi CURTA 2006, p. 87 – 88 şi 104. (to 593) 600 Procopius mentions forts with names such as Skeptekasas, Burgulatu, Loupofantana and Gemellomountes. Modern authors claim these as Romanian names: Seven House, Broad City, Wolf's Well and Twin Mountains. 10th century Year Date Event 906 Menumorut dies and is succeeded by his son-in-law, Zoltán of Hungary, according to the Gesta Hungarorum. 943 An Old Slavonic (Old Bulgarian) inscription found among the remains of Trajan's Wall in Dobruja bears the name of župan Demetrius.Ovidiu Drimba – Istoria culturii şi civilizaţiei româneşti, Editura Ştiinţifică şi Pedagogică, București , 1987, vol.2, pg.404 969 The "Western part" of Troesmis is supposed to have been rebuilt and used again during the reign of the Eastern Roman Emperor John I Tzimiskes based on archaeological discoveries.BARNEA, ŞTEFĂNESCU 1971, p. 80. 976 The Greek historian John Skylitzes mentions the word βλάχοι (Vlachs) in his work Synopsis of Histories. 983 Ibn al-Nadīm published in 938 the work Kitāb al-Fihrist mentioning "Turks, Bulgars and Vlahs" (using Blagha for Vlachs)Ibn al Nadim, al-Fihrist. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. Editor și traducător: B. Dodge, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, p. 37 with n.82Spinei, Victor, The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century. Brill. 2009, p.83 1000 According to the Arab chronicler Mutahhar al-Maqdisi, "They say that in the Turkic neighbourhood there are the Khazars, Russians, Slavs, Waladj, Alans, Greeks and many other peoples."A. Decei, V. Ciocîltan, "La mention des Roumains (Walah) chez Al-Maqdisi,"in Romano-arabica I, Bucharest, 1974, pp. 49–54 Another župan by the name of George is possibly mentioned in an inscription in the Murfatlar Cave Complex, in Dobruja. The Complex is a relict from a widespread monastic phenomenon in a 10th century Bulgaria.Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250, Florin Curta, Cambridge University Press, 2006, , p. 232. The Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII mentions Troesmis. 13th century Year Date Event 1204 November 8 A papal legate delivered a royal crown to Kaloyan of Bulgaria and crowned him "King of the Bulgarians and Vlachs". 1213 An army of Vlachs, Transylvanian Saxons, and Pechenegs, led by Ioachim of Sibiu, attacked the Bulgarians and Cumans that were from Vidin. 1222 Țara Făgărașului was mentioned in documents as Terra Blacorum. 1224 The Diploma Andreanum was issued by Andrew II of Hungary granting provisional autonomy to colonial Germans residing in the present-day area of Sibiu. 1224 Țara Făgărașului was mentioned in documents as Silva Blacorum. 1230 Adventure 22 of The Nibelungenlied states that a certain Duke Ramunnch from Wallachia was present at Atilla's wedding with 700 men riding "as swiftly as flying birds". 1241 The Persian chronicle Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh mentions several rulers from Wallachia such as Bezerenbam and Mişelav and the country of Ilaut.Xenopol, p. 552.C-tin C Giurescu, Istoria Românilor, Ed. ALL Educațional, București, 2003, p. 281Djuvara, cited article. 1247 The diploma of King Béla IV of Hungary issued on July 2, 1247 , mentions the local rulers knyaz John, knyaz Farcaş, voivode Litovoi and voivode Seneslau. Seneslau and Litovoi are expressly said to be Vlachs (Olati) in the king's diploma. 1252 Țara Făgărașului was mentioned in documents as Terra Olacorum. 1277 Bărbat succeeds his brother Litovoi as ruler of Oltenia after the later was killed during a battle with the Hungarian army. (to 1280) 1288 First evidence of Diet in Transylvania. 1290 According to legend and the 17th century Cantacuzino Annals, Radu Negru founded Wallachia. 1300 Simon of Keza states in his Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum that the Vlachs remained in Pannonia.Simon de Kéza, Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, IV,G. Popa-Lisseanu, Izvoarele istoriei Românilor, IV, Bucuresti, 1935, p. .32 16th century Year Date Event 1514 György Dózsa led a peasant's revolt in Transylvania against Hungarian nobles. 1521 Neacșu's letter is one of the oldest surviving documents written in the Romanian language. 1532 Francesco della Valle writes that "they name themselves Romei in their own language" ("si dimandano in lingua loro Romei") and, he also cites the expression "Do you know Romanian?" ("se alcuno dimanda se sano parlare in la lingua valacca, dicono a questo in questo modo: Sti Rominest ? Che vol dire: Sai tu Romano?").<ref>"...si dimandano in lingua loro Romei...se alcuno dimanda se sano parlare in la lingua valacca, dicono a questo in questo modo: Sti Rominest ? Che vol dire: Sai tu Romano?..." in: Claudiu Isopescu, Notizie intorno ai romeni nella letteratura geografica italiana del Cinquecento, in Bulletin de la Section Historique, XVI, 1929, p. 1- 90</ref> |- | 1534 || || Tranquillo Andronico remarks that ""Vlachs now name themselves Romanians (Valachi nunc se Romanos vocant).Tranquillo Andronico in Endre Veress', Fontes rerum transylvanicarum: Erdélyi történelmi források, Történettudományi Intézet, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Budapest, 1914, S. 204 1542 The Transylvanian Szekler Johann Lebel wrote that "the Vlachs name each other Romuini"."Ex Vlachi Valachi, Romanenses Italiani,/Quorum reliquae Romanensi lingua utuntur.../Solo Romanos nomine, sine re, repraesentantes./Ideirco vulgariter Romuini sunt appelanti", Ioannes Lebelius, De opido Thalmus, Carmen Istoricum, Cibinii, 1779, p. 11 – 12 1554 The Polish chronicler Stanislaw Orzechowski mentions that "in their language, the vlachs name themselves romini"."qui eorum lingua Romini ab Romanis, nostra Walachi, ab Italis appellantur" St. Orichovius, Annales polonici ab excessu Sigismundi, in I. Dlugossus, Historiae polonicae libri XII, col 1555 1563 An Acts of the Apostles book is printed by the printer Coresi from Brașov in Romanian, though written with the Cyrillic alphabet at the time. 1570 The Croatian Ante Verančić specifies that "the vlachs from Transylvania, Moldova and Transalpina name themselves Romans"."...Valacchi, qui se Romanos nominant..." "Gens quae ear terras (Transsylvaniam, Moldaviam et Transalpinam) nostra aetate incolit, Valacchi sunt, eaque a Romania ducit originem, tametsi nomine longe alieno..." De situ Transsylvaniae, Moldaviae et Transaplinae, in Monumenta Hungariae Historica, Scriptores; II, Pesta, 1857, p. 120 1574 Pierre Lescalopier writes that "those that live in Moldova, Wallachia and most of Transylvania consider themselves as being descendants of Romans and name their language romanian"."Tout ce pays: la Wallachie, la Moldavie et la plus part de la Transylvanie, a esté peuplé des colonies romaines du temps de Trajan l ' empereur… Ceux du pays se disent vrais successeurs des Romains et nomment leur parler romanechte, c'est-à-dire romain … " în Voyage fait par moy, Pierre Lescalopier l ' an 1574 de Venise a Constantinople, în: Paul Cernovodeanu, Studii și materiale de istorie medievală, IV, 1960, p. 444 1575 Ferrante Capecci, after travelling through Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldova, mentions that the dwellers of these lands are named "romanesci"."Anzi essi si chiamano romanesci, e vogliono molti che erano mandati quì quei che erano dannati a cavar metalli..." în: Maria Holban, Călători străini despre Țările Române, București, Editura Stiințifică, 1970, vol. II, p.158 – 161 1580 The Orăștie Palia is the oldest translation of the Pentateuch written in the Romanian language.Palia de la Orǎștie (1581–1582), Bucharest, 1968 1600 Wallachian prince Mihai Viteazul briefly imposes his rule over the other two historic principalities inhabited by Romanians – Transylvania and Moldavia.
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