p_c with p_c<1. Using Monte Carlo simulations on the square lattice, we estimate the value of p_c = 0.49451 \\pm 0.00001, and the critical exponents are consistent with the undirected percolation universality class. We define a discrete-time parallel-update version of the model, which brings out the relation between chase-escape and undirected bond percolation. For all p < p_c in D-dimensions, the number of predators in the absorbing configuration has a stretched-exponential distribution in contrast to the exponential distribution in the standard percolation theory. We also study the problem starting from the line initial condition with predator particles on all lattice points of the line y=0 and prey particles on the line y=1. In this case, for p_c
1.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Harish-Chandra--Itzykson--Zuber", "after": "Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber", "start_char_pos": 59, "end_char_pos": 90}, {"type": "R", "before": "density", "after": "distribution", "start_char_pos": 98, "end_char_pos": 105}, {"type": "R", "before": "\\mathrm{U", "after": "\\text{U", "start_char_pos": 127, "end_char_pos": 136}, {"type": "R", "before": "\\mathrm{Tr", "after": "\\text{tr", "start_char_pos": 148, "end_char_pos": 158}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 183, "end_char_pos": 183}, {"type": "R", "before": "\\mathrm{U", "after": "\\text{U", "start_char_pos": 217, "end_char_pos": 226}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The density e^{\\text{tr", "start_char_pos": 232, "end_char_pos": 232}, {"type": "R", "before": "how to sample efficiently", "after": "efficient sampling", "start_char_pos": 449, "end_char_pos": 474}, {"type": "R", "before": "density", "after": "distribution", "start_char_pos": 489, "end_char_pos": 496}, {"type": "R", "before": "The main contribution of this paper is an algorithm to sample a matrix from a distribution that is \\varepsilon-close to the given HCIZ density and whose running time depends polylogarithmically", "after": "We present two efficient algorithms to sample matrices from distributions that are close to the HCIZ distribution. The first algorithm outputs samples that are \\xi-close in total variation distance and requires polynomially many arithmetic operations in \\log 1/\\xi and the number of bits needed to encode Y and \\Lambda. The second algorithm comes with a stronger guarantee that the samples are \\xi-close in infinity divergence, but the number of arithmetic operations depends polynomially", "start_char_pos": 516, "end_char_pos": 709}, {"type": "R", "before": "\\varepsilon. Interestingly,", "after": "\\xi, the number of bits needed to encode Y and \\Lambda, and the differences of the largest and the smallest eigenvalues of Y and \\Lambda.", "start_char_pos": 716, "end_char_pos": 743}, {"type": "R", "before": "\\mathrm{U", "after": "\\text{U", "start_char_pos": 806, "end_char_pos": 815}, {"type": "R", "before": "in this setting, they have been widely studied . Thus, our result has several direct applications, including polynomial-time algorithms", "after": "these densities have been studied in statistics, machine learning, and theoretical computer science. Thus our results have the following applications:", "start_char_pos": 832, "end_char_pos": 967}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "an efficient algorithm", "start_char_pos": 971, "end_char_pos": 971}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "complex versions of", "start_char_pos": 987, "end_char_pos": 987}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "an efficient algorithm", "start_char_pos": 1044, "end_char_pos": 1044}, {"type": "R", "before": "maximum entropy distributions with applications to quantum inference", "after": "max-entropy distributions on unitary orbits, which implies an efficient algorithm to sample a pure quantum state from the entropy-maximizing ensemble representing a given density matrix", "start_char_pos": 1071, "end_char_pos": 1139}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "an efficient algorithm", "start_char_pos": 1149, "end_char_pos": 1149}, {"type": "D", "before": "low-rank approximation. The key obstacle in sampling from an HCIZ density is that the domain is an algebraic manifold and the entries of the sample matrix are highly correlated. To overcome this, we consider a mapping that sends each Hermitian matrix X to a natural ordering of the eigenvalues of all leading principal minors of X. The image of each \\mathrm{U", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1177, "end_char_pos": 1536}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "rank-k approximation, with improved utility bounds for k>1.", "start_char_pos": 1946, "end_char_pos": 1946}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 278, 417, 515, 728, 880, 1200, 1354, 1508, 1653, 1809]} {"doc_id": "2011.05755", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "With the enhancement of algorithms, cryo-EM has become the most efficient technique to solve structures of molecules . Take a recent event for example, after the outbreak of COVID-19 in January, the first structure of 2019-nCoV Spike trimer was published in Marchusing cryo-EM, which has provided crucial medical insight for developing vaccines. The enabler behind this efficiency is the GPU-accelerated computation which shortens the whole analysis process to 12 days. However, the data characteristics include strong noise, huge dimension, large sample size and high heterogeneity with unknown orientations have made analysis very challenging. Though, the popular GPU-accelerated Bayesian approach has been shown to be successful in 3D refinement. It is noted that the traditional method based on multireference alignment may better differentiate subtle structure differences under low signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, a modular GPU-acceleration package for multireference alignment is still lacking in the field. In this work, a modular GPU-accelerated alignment library called Cryo-RALib is proposed. The library contains both reference-free alignment and multireference alignment that can be widely used to accelerate state-of-the-art classification algorithms. In addition, we connect the cryo-EM image analysis with the python data science stack which enables users to perform data analysis , visualization and inference more easily. Benchmark on the TaiWan Computing Cloud container, our implementation can accelerate the computation by one order of magnitude. The library has been made publicly available at URL", "after_revision": "Thanks to automated cryo-EM and GPU-accelerated processing, single-particle cryo-EM has become a rapid structure determination method that permits capture of dynamical structures of molecules in solution, which has been recently demonstrated by the determination of COVID-19 spike protein in March, shortly after its breakout in late January 2020. This rapidity is critical for vaccine development in response to emerging pandemic. This explains why a 2D classification approach based on multi-reference alignment (MRA) is not as popular as the Bayesian-based approach despite that the former has advantage in differentiating subtle structural variations under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This is perhaps because that MRA is a time-consuming process and a modular GPU-acceleration package for MRA is still lacking . Here, we introduced a library called Cryo-RALib that contains GPU-accelerated modular routines for accelerating MRA-based classification algorithms. In addition, we connect the cryo-EM image analysis with the python data science stack so as to make it easier for users to perform data analysis and visualization. Benchmarking on the TaiWan Computing Cloud (TWCC) container shows that our implementation can accelerate the computation by one order of magnitude. The library has been made publicly available at URL", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "With the enhancement of algorithms,", "after": "Thanks to automated", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 35}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "and GPU-accelerated processing, single-particle cryo-EM", "start_char_pos": 44, "end_char_pos": 44}, {"type": "R", "before": "the most efficient technique to solve", "after": "a rapid structure determination method that permits capture of dynamical", "start_char_pos": 56, "end_char_pos": 93}, {"type": "R", "before": ". Take a recent event for example, after the outbreak", "after": "in solution, which has been recently demonstrated by the determination", "start_char_pos": 118, "end_char_pos": 171}, {"type": "R", "before": "in January, the first structure of 2019-nCoV Spike trimer was published in Marchusing cryo-EM, which has provided crucial medical insight for developing vaccines. The enabler behind this efficiency is the GPU-accelerated computation which shortens the whole analysis process to 12 days. However, the data characteristics include strong noise, huge dimension, large sample size and high heterogeneity with unknown orientations have made analysis very challenging. Though, the popular GPU-accelerated Bayesian approach has been shown to be successful in 3D refinement. It is noted that the traditional method based on multireference alignment may better differentiate subtle structure differences under low signal to noise", "after": "spike protein in March, shortly after its breakout in late January 2020. This rapidity is critical for vaccine development in response to emerging pandemic. 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The library contains both reference-free alignment and multireference alignment that can be widely used to accelerate state-of-the-art", "after": "that contains GPU-accelerated modular routines for accelerating MRA-based", "start_char_pos": 1098, "end_char_pos": 1245}, {"type": "R", "before": "which enables", "after": "so as to make it easier for", "start_char_pos": 1359, "end_char_pos": 1372}, {"type": "R", "before": ", visualization and inference more easily. Benchmark", "after": "and visualization. Benchmarking", "start_char_pos": 1404, "end_char_pos": 1456}, {"type": "R", "before": "container,", "after": "(TWCC) container shows that", "start_char_pos": 1487, "end_char_pos": 1497}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 119, 346, 470, 646, 750, 917, 1021, 1110, 1272, 1446, 1574]} {"doc_id": "2011.06748", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Control Barrier Functions (CBF) are widely used to enforce the safety-critical constraints on nonlinear systems. Recently, these functions are being incorporated into a path planning framework to design a safety-critical path planner . However, these methods fall short of providing a realistic path considering both run-time complexity and safety-critical constraints. This paper proposes a novel motion planning approach using Rapidly exploring Random Trees (RRT) algorithm to enforce the robust CBF and kinodynamic constraints to generate a safety-critical path that is free of any obstacles while taking into account the model uncertainty from robot dynamics as well as perception. Result analysis indicates that the proposed method outperforms various conventional RRT based path planners, guaranteeing a safety-critical path with reduced computational overhead. We present numerical validation of the algorithm on the Hamster V7 robot car, a micro autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicle , where it performs dynamic navigation on an obstacle-ridden path with various uncertainties in perception noises , and robot dynamics.", "after_revision": "Control Barrier Functions (CBF) are widely used to enforce the safety-critical constraints on nonlinear systems. Recently, these functions are being incorporated into a path planning framework to design safety-critical path planners . However, these methods fall short of providing a realistic path considering both the algorithm's run-time complexity and enforcement of the safety-critical constraints. This paper proposes a novel motion planning approach using the well-known Rapidly Exploring Random Trees (RRT) algorithm that enforces both CBF and the robot Kinodynamic constraints to generate a safety-critical path . The proposed algorithm also outputs the corresponding control signals that resulted in the obstacle-free path. The approach also allows considering model uncertainties by incorporating the robust CBF constraints into the proposed framework. Thus, the resulting path is free of any obstacles and accounts for the model uncertainty from robot dynamics and perception. Result analysis indicates that the proposed method outperforms various conventional RRT-based path planners, guaranteeing a safety-critical path with minimal computational overhead. We present numerical validation of the algorithm on the Hamster V7 robot car, a micro autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicle that performs dynamic navigation on an obstacle-ridden path with various uncertainties in perception noises and robot dynamics.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "a", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 203, "end_char_pos": 204}, {"type": "R", "before": "planner", "after": "planners", "start_char_pos": 226, "end_char_pos": 233}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the algorithm's", "start_char_pos": 317, "end_char_pos": 317}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "enforcement of the", "start_char_pos": 342, "end_char_pos": 342}, {"type": "R", "before": "Rapidly exploring", "after": "the well-known Rapidly Exploring", "start_char_pos": 431, "end_char_pos": 448}, {"type": "R", "before": "to enforce the robust CBF and kinodynamic", "after": "that enforces both CBF and the robot Kinodynamic", "start_char_pos": 478, "end_char_pos": 519}, {"type": "R", "before": "that", "after": ". The proposed algorithm also outputs the corresponding control signals that resulted in the obstacle-free path. The approach also allows considering model uncertainties by incorporating the robust CBF constraints into the proposed framework. Thus, the resulting path", "start_char_pos": 567, "end_char_pos": 571}, {"type": "R", "before": "while taking into account", "after": "and accounts for", "start_char_pos": 597, "end_char_pos": 622}, {"type": "R", "before": "as well as", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 665, "end_char_pos": 675}, {"type": "R", "before": "RRT based", "after": "RRT-based", "start_char_pos": 772, "end_char_pos": 781}, {"type": "R", "before": "reduced", "after": "minimal", "start_char_pos": 838, "end_char_pos": 845}, {"type": "R", "before": ", where it", "after": "that", "start_char_pos": 991, "end_char_pos": 1001}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1105, "end_char_pos": 1106}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 112, 235, 371, 687, 869]} {"doc_id": "2011.07403", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Many language pairs are low resource - the amount and/or quality of parallel data is not sufficient to train a neural machine translation (NMT) model which can reach an acceptable standard of accuracy. Many works have explored the use of the easier-to-get monolingual data to improve the performance of translation models in this category of languages - and even high resource languages. The most successful of such works is the back-translation - using the translations of the target language monolingual data to increase the amount of the training data. The quality of the backward model - trained on the available parallel data - has been shown to determine the performance of the back-translation approach. Many approaches have been explored to improve the performance of thismodel especially in low resource languages where the amount of parallel data is not sufficient to train an acceptable backward model . Among such works are the use of self-learning and the iterative back-translation. These methods were shown to perform better than the standard back-translation. This work presents the iterative self-training approach as an improvement over the self-learning approach to further enhance the performance of the backward model. Over several iterations, the synthetic datagenerated by the backward model is used to improve its performance through forward translation. Experiments have shown that the method outperforms both the standard back-translation and self-learning approach on IWSLT'14 English German low resource NMT. While the method also outperforms the iterative back-translation , though slightly, the number of models required to be trained is reduced exactly by the number of iterations .", "after_revision": "Many language pairs are low resource , meaning the amount and/or quality of available parallel data is not sufficient to train a neural machine translation (NMT) model which can reach an acceptable standard of accuracy. Many works have explored using the readily available monolingual data in either or both of the languages to improve the standard of translation models in low, and even high , resource languages. One of the most successful of such works is the back-translation that utilizes the translations of the target language monolingual data to increase the amount of the training data. The quality of the backward model which is trained on the available parallel data has been shown to determine the performance of the back-translation approach. Despite this, only the forward model is improved on the monolingual target data in standard back-translation. A previous study proposed an iterative back-translation approach for improving both models over several iterations. But unlike in the traditional back-translation, it relied on both the target and source monolingual data. This work, therefore, proposes a novel approach that enables both the backward and forward models to benefit from the monolingual target data through a hybrid of self-learning and back-translation respectively. Experimental results have shown the superiority of the proposed approach over the traditional back-translation method on English-German low resource neural machine translation. We also proposed an iterative self-learning approach that outperforms the iterative back-translation while also relying only on the monolingual target data and require the training of less models .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "-", "after": ", meaning", "start_char_pos": 37, "end_char_pos": 38}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "available", "start_char_pos": 68, "end_char_pos": 68}, {"type": "R", "before": "the use of the easier-to-get monolingual data", "after": "using the readily available monolingual data in either or both of the languages", "start_char_pos": 228, "end_char_pos": 273}, {"type": "R", "before": "performance", "after": "standard", "start_char_pos": 289, "end_char_pos": 300}, {"type": "R", "before": "this category of languages -", "after": "low,", "start_char_pos": 326, "end_char_pos": 354}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 369, "end_char_pos": 369}, {"type": "R", "before": "The", "after": "One of the", "start_char_pos": 390, "end_char_pos": 393}, {"type": "R", "before": "- using", "after": "that utilizes", "start_char_pos": 448, "end_char_pos": 455}, {"type": "R", "before": "-", "after": "which is", "start_char_pos": 592, "end_char_pos": 593}, {"type": "D", "before": "-", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 633, "end_char_pos": 634}, {"type": "R", "before": "Many approaches have been explored to improve the performance of thismodel especially in low resource languages where the amount of parallel data is not sufficient to train an acceptable backward model . Among such works are the use of self-learning and the iterative back-translation. These methods were shown to perform better than the", "after": "Despite this, only the forward model is improved on the monolingual target data in", "start_char_pos": 713, "end_char_pos": 1050}, {"type": "R", "before": "This work presents the iterative self-training approach as an improvement over the", "after": "A previous study proposed an iterative back-translation approach for improving both models over several iterations. But unlike in the traditional back-translation, it relied on both the target and source monolingual data. This work, therefore, proposes a novel approach that enables both the backward and forward models to benefit from the monolingual target data through a hybrid of", "start_char_pos": 1078, "end_char_pos": 1160}, {"type": "R", "before": "approach to further enhance the performance of the backward model. Over several iterations,", "after": "and back-translation respectively. 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We also proposed an iterative self-learning approach that", "start_char_pos": 1467, "end_char_pos": 1560}, {"type": "R", "before": ", though slightly, the number of models required to be trained is reduced exactly by the number of iterations", "after": "while also relying only on the monolingual target data and require the training of less models", "start_char_pos": 1604, "end_char_pos": 1713}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 202, 389, 557, 712, 998, 1077, 1241, 1380]} {"doc_id": "2011.07494", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "The SIR(D) epidemiological model is defined through transcendental equations not solvable by elementary functions. In the present paper , those equations are successfully replaced by approximate ones, whose solutions are given explicitly in terms of elementary functions, namely , piece-wisely, generalized logistic functions: they {\\em unveil a useful feature, that in fact is also owned by the (numerical) solutions of the exact equations {\\em {\\em .", "after_revision": "The SIR(D) epidemiological model is defined through a system of transcendental equations, not solvable by elementary functions. In the present paper those equations are successfully replaced by approximate ones, whose solutions are given explicitly in terms of elementary functions, originating , piece-wisely, from generalized logistic functions: they ensure{\\em exact (in the numerical sense) asymptotic values, besides to be quite practical to use, for example with fit to data algorithms; moreover they unveil a useful feature, that in fact , at least with very strict approximation, is also owned by the (numerical) solutions of the {\\em exact equations. The novelties in the work are: the way the approximate equations are obtained, using simple, analytic geometry considerations; the easy and practical formulation of the final approximate solutions; the mentioned useful feature, never disclosed before. The work's method and result prove to be robust over a range of values of the well known non-dimensional parameter called{\\em basic reproduction ratio , that covers at least all the known epidemic cases, from influenza to measles: this is a point which doesn't appear much discussed in analogous works .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "transcendental equations", "after": "a system of transcendental equations,", "start_char_pos": 52, "end_char_pos": 76}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 136, "end_char_pos": 137}, {"type": "R", "before": "namely", "after": "originating", "start_char_pos": 272, "end_char_pos": 278}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "from", "start_char_pos": 295, "end_char_pos": 295}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "ensure", "start_char_pos": 333, "end_char_pos": 333}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "exact", "start_char_pos": 338, "end_char_pos": 338}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "(in the numerical sense) asymptotic values, besides to be quite practical to use, for example with fit to data algorithms; moreover they", "start_char_pos": 339, "end_char_pos": 339}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", at least with very strict approximation,", "start_char_pos": 378, "end_char_pos": 378}, {"type": "D", "before": "exact equations", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 429, "end_char_pos": 444}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "exact", "start_char_pos": 450, "end_char_pos": 450}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "equations. The novelties in the work are: the way the approximate equations are obtained, using simple, analytic geometry considerations; the easy and practical formulation of the final approximate solutions; the mentioned useful feature, never disclosed before. The work's method and result prove to be robust over a range of values of the well known non-dimensional parameter called", "start_char_pos": 451, "end_char_pos": 451}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "basic reproduction ratio", "start_char_pos": 456, "end_char_pos": 456}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", that covers at least all the known epidemic cases, from influenza to measles: this is a point which doesn't appear much discussed in analogous works", "start_char_pos": 457, "end_char_pos": 457}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 114]} {"doc_id": "2011.09137", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The credit rating is an evaluation of the credit risk of a company that values the ability to pay back the debt and predict the likelihood of the debtor defaulting. There are various features influencing credit rating. Therefore it is very important to select substantive features to explore the main reason for credit rating change. To address this issue, this paper exploits Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis as feature selection algorithms to select important features, summarise the similar features together and obtain a minimum set of features for four sectors, Financial Sector, Energy Sector, Health Care Sector, Consumer Discretionary Sector. This paper uses two data sets, Financial Ratio and Balance Sheet, with two mappings, Detailed Mapping and Coarse Mapping, converting the target variable(credit rating) into categorical variable. To test the accuracy of credit rating prediction, Random Forest Classifier is used to test and train feature sets. The results show that the accuracy of Financial Ratio feature sets are higher than that of Balance Sheet feature sets. What is more , Factor Analysis can reduce significantly the number of features to obtain almost the same accuracy that can decrease dramatically the time spent on analyzing data .In addition, we summarise seven dominant factors and ten dominant factors having effect on credit rating change in Financial Ratio and Balance Sheet respectively by utilizing Factor Analysis which can explain the reason of credit rating change better.", "after_revision": "The credit rating is an evaluation of a company's credit risk that values the ability to pay back the debt and predict the likelihood of the debtor defaulting. There are various features influencing credit rating. Therefore , it is essential to select substantive features to explore the main reason for credit rating change. To address this issue, this paper exploited Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis as feature selection algorithms to select important features, summarized the similar features together , and obtained a minimum set of features for four sectors, Financial Sector, Energy Sector, Health Care Sector, Consumer Discretionary Sector. This paper used two data sets, Financial Ratio and Balance Sheet, with two mappings, Detailed Mapping , and Coarse Mapping, converting the target variable(credit rating) into categorical variable. To test the accuracy of credit rating prediction, Random Forest Classifier was used to test and train feature sets. The results showed that the accuracy of Financial Ratio feature sets was higher than that of Balance Sheet feature sets. In addition , Factor Analysis can reduce the number of features significantly to obtain almost the same accuracy that can decrease dramatically the time spent on analyzing data ; we also summarized seven dominant factors and ten dominant factors affecting credit rating change in Financial Ratio and Balance Sheet by utilizing Factor Analysis , respectively, which can explain the reason of credit rating change better.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "the credit risk of a company", "after": "a company's credit risk", "start_char_pos": 38, "end_char_pos": 66}, {"type": "R", "before": "it is very important", "after": ", it is essential", "start_char_pos": 229, "end_char_pos": 249}, {"type": "R", "before": "exploits", "after": "exploited", "start_char_pos": 368, "end_char_pos": 376}, {"type": "R", "before": "summarise", "after": "summarized", "start_char_pos": 488, "end_char_pos": 497}, {"type": "R", "before": "and obtain", "after": ", and obtained", "start_char_pos": 528, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "R", "before": "uses", "after": "used", "start_char_pos": 678, "end_char_pos": 682}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 769, "end_char_pos": 769}, {"type": "R", "before": "is", "after": "was", "start_char_pos": 938, "end_char_pos": 940}, {"type": "R", "before": "show", "after": "showed", "start_char_pos": 990, "end_char_pos": 994}, {"type": "R", "before": "are", "after": "was", "start_char_pos": 1045, "end_char_pos": 1048}, {"type": "R", "before": "What is more", "after": "In addition", "start_char_pos": 1097, "end_char_pos": 1109}, {"type": "D", "before": "significantly", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1139, "end_char_pos": 1152}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "significantly", "start_char_pos": 1176, "end_char_pos": 1176}, {"type": "R", "before": ".In addition, we summarise", "after": "; we also summarized", "start_char_pos": 1276, "end_char_pos": 1302}, {"type": "R", "before": "having effect on", "after": "affecting", "start_char_pos": 1351, "end_char_pos": 1367}, {"type": "D", "before": "respectively", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1426, "end_char_pos": 1438}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", respectively,", "start_char_pos": 1468, "end_char_pos": 1468}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 164, 218, 333, 666, 862, 977, 1096, 1277]} {"doc_id": "2011.09756", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "This paper presents how the hybrid combination of behavior trees and the neuroscientific principle of active inference can be used for action planning and execution for reactive robot behaviors in dynamic environments. We show how complex robotic tasks can be formulated as a free-energy minimisation problem, and how state estimation and symbolic decision making are handled within the same framework. The general behavior is specified offline through behavior trees, where the leaf nodes represent desired states, not actions as in classical behavior trees . The decision of which action to execute to reach a state is left to the online active inference routine, in order to resolve unexpected contingencies. This hybrid combination improves the robustness of plans specified through behavior trees, while allowing to cope with the curse of dimensionality in active inference . The properties of the proposed algorithmare analysed in terms of robustness and convergence , and the theoretical results are validated using a mobile manipulator in a retail environment.", "after_revision": "We propose a hybrid combination of active inference and behavior trees (BTs) for reactive action planning and execution in dynamic environments. We show how robotic tasks can be formulated as a free-energy minimization problem, bringing the neuroscientific theory of active inference on a mobile manipulator. In this framework, the general nominal behavior is specified offline through BTs. A new type of leaf node, theprior node, is introduced to specify the desired state to be achieved rather than an action to be executed as in classical BTs . The decision of which action to execute to reach the desired state is performed online through active inference. The resulting hybrid combination improves the robustness of plans against unexpected contingencies while considerably reducing the number of nodes in a BT . The properties of our algorithm, such as the convergence and robustness, are thoroughly analyzed and outperform classical BT solutions. The theoretical results are validated using a mobile manipulator in a retail environment.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "This paper presents how the", "after": "We propose a", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 27}, {"type": "R", "before": "behavior trees and the neuroscientific principle of active inference can be used for", "after": "active inference and behavior trees (BTs) for reactive", "start_char_pos": 50, "end_char_pos": 134}, {"type": "D", "before": "for reactive robot behaviors", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 165, "end_char_pos": 193}, {"type": "D", "before": "complex", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 231, "end_char_pos": 238}, {"type": "R", "before": "minimisation problem, and how state estimation and symbolic decision making are handled within the same framework. The general", "after": "minimization problem, bringing the neuroscientific theory of active inference on a mobile manipulator. In this framework, the general nominal", "start_char_pos": 288, "end_char_pos": 414}, {"type": "R", "before": "behavior trees, where the leaf nodes represent desired states, not actions", "after": "BTs. A new type of leaf node, the", "start_char_pos": 453, "end_char_pos": 527}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "prior", "start_char_pos": 527, "end_char_pos": 527}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "node, is introduced to specify the desired state to be achieved rather than an action to be executed", "start_char_pos": 528, "end_char_pos": 528}, {"type": "R", "before": "behavior trees", "after": "BTs", "start_char_pos": 545, "end_char_pos": 559}, {"type": "R", "before": "a state is left to the online active inference routine, in order to resolve unexpected contingencies. This", "after": "the desired state is performed online through active inference. The resulting", "start_char_pos": 611, "end_char_pos": 717}, {"type": "R", "before": "specified through behavior trees, while allowing to cope with the curse of dimensionality in active inference", "after": "against unexpected contingencies while considerably reducing the number of nodes in a BT", "start_char_pos": 770, "end_char_pos": 879}, {"type": "R", "before": "the proposed algorithmare analysed in terms of robustness and convergence , and the", "after": "our algorithm, such as the convergence and robustness, are thoroughly analyzed and outperform classical BT solutions. The", "start_char_pos": 900, "end_char_pos": 983}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 218, 402, 561, 712, 881]} {"doc_id": "2011.10126", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The spread of African swine fever (ASF) poses a grave threat to the global swine industry. Understanding transmission dynamics, such as through mechanistic modeling, is critical for designing effective control strategies. Articles were examined across multiple epidemiological and model characteristics. Model filiation was determined through creation of a neighbor-joined tree using phylogenetic software. Of 24 articles qualifying for inclusion, four main objectives were identified: estimating transmission parameters ( 9 studies), assessing determinants of transmission ( 4 ), examining consequences of hypothetical outbreaks ( 3 ), and assessing alternative control strategies ( 8). Population-based ( 11) , metapopulation (5), and individual-based (8) model frameworks were represented. The majority of models (18) were parameterized to the genotype II isolates currently circulating in Europe and Asia. Estimated transmission parameters varied widely as did parameter assumptions between models. Uncertainties on epidemiological and ecological parameters were usually accounted for to assess the impact on the modeled infection trajectory. Almost half of the studies stem from one of two models . We call for a diversification of modeling approaches through developing additional frameworks. All models but one are host specific to either domestic pigs or wild boar , despite the fact that spillover events between the domestic and wild compartments can play an important role in outbreaks. The development of models incorporating this transmission is crucial. All compared control strategies were defined a priori, and future models should be built to identify optimal contributions across many control methods. Further, control strategies were examined in competition, opposed to how they would be synergistically implemented. For ASF models to effectively support decision-making , these limitations need to be addressed.", "after_revision": "The spread of African swine fever (ASF) poses a grave threat to the global swine industry. Understanding transmission dynamics, such as through mechanistic modeling, is critical for designing effective control strategies. Articles were examined across multiple epidemiological and model characteristics. Model filiation was determined through creation of a neighbor-joined tree using phylogenetic software. Of 34 four articles qualifying for inclusion, four main modelling objectives were identified: estimating transmission parameters ( 11 studies), assessing determinants of transmission ( 7 ), examining consequences of hypothetical outbreaks ( 5 ), and assessing alternative control strategies ( 11) . Estimated transmission parameters varied widely as did parameter assumptions between models. Uncertainties on epidemiological and ecological parameters were usually accounted for to assess the impact on the modeled infection trajectory. Almost all models are host specific , being developed for either domestic pigs or wild boar despite the fact that spillover events between domestic pigs and wild boar are evidenced to play an important role in ASF outbreaks. The development of models incorporating such transmission routes is crucial. All compared control strategies were defined a priori, and future models should be built to identify optimal contributions across many control methods. Further, control strategies were examined in competition, opposed to how they would be synergistically implemented. While comparing strategies is beneficial for identifying a rank-order efficacy of control methods, this structure does not necessarily determine the most effective combination of all available strategies. In order for ASFV models to effectively support decision-making in controlling ASFV globally, these modelling limitations need to be addressed.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "24", "after": "34 four", "start_char_pos": 410, "end_char_pos": 412}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "modelling", "start_char_pos": 458, "end_char_pos": 458}, {"type": "R", "before": "9", "after": "11", "start_char_pos": 524, "end_char_pos": 525}, {"type": "R", "before": "4", "after": "7", "start_char_pos": 577, "end_char_pos": 578}, {"type": "R", "before": "3", "after": "5", "start_char_pos": 633, "end_char_pos": 634}, {"type": "D", "before": "8). Population-based (", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 685, "end_char_pos": 707}, {"type": "R", "before": ", metapopulation (5), and individual-based (8) model frameworks were represented. The majority of models (18) were parameterized to the genotype II isolates currently circulating in Europe and Asia.", "after": ".", "start_char_pos": 712, "end_char_pos": 910}, {"type": "R", "before": "half of the studies stem from one of two models . We call for a diversification of modeling approaches through developing additional frameworks. 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In order for ASFV", "start_char_pos": 1838, "end_char_pos": 1845}, {"type": "R", "before": ", these", "after": "in controlling ASFV globally, these modelling", "start_char_pos": 1892, "end_char_pos": 1899}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 90, 221, 303, 406, 793, 910, 1003, 1147, 1204, 1299, 1499, 1569, 1721, 1837]} {"doc_id": "2011.10896", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "Hardware-agnostic programming with high performance portability will be the bedrock for realizing the ubiquitous adoption of emerging accelerator technologies in future heterogeneous high-performance computing (HPC) systems, which is the key to achieving the next level of HPC performance on an expanding accelerator landscape. In this paper , we present HALO 1.0, an open-ended extensible multi-agent software framework that implements a set of proposed hardware-agnostic accelerator orchestration (HALO) principles and a novel compute-centric message passing interface (C^2MPI) specification for enabling the portable and performance-optimized execution of hardware-agnostic application host codes across heterogeneous accelerator resources . The experiment results of evaluating eight widely used HPC subroutines based on Intel Xeon E5-2620 v4 CPUs, Intel Arria 10 GX FPGAs, and NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti GPUs show that HALO 1.0 allows for a unified control flow for the host program to run across all the computing devices with a consistently maximum performance portability score of 1.0 , which is 2x-861,883x higher than the OpenCL-based solution that suffers from an unstably low performance portability score. of the documentation of their work .", "after_revision": "This paper presents HALO 1.0, an open-ended extensible multi-agent software framework that implements a set of proposed hardware-agnostic accelerator orchestration (HALO) principles . HALO implements a novel compute-centric message passing interface (C^2MPI) specification for enabling the performance-portable execution of a hardware-agnostic host application across heterogeneous accelerators . The experiment results of evaluating eight widely used HPC subroutines based on Intel Xeon E5-2620 CPUs, Intel Arria 10 GX FPGAs, and NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti GPUs show that HALO 1.0 allows for a unified control flow for host programs to run across all the computing devices with a consistently top performance portability score , which is up to five orders of magnitude higher than the OpenCL-based solution .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Hardware-agnostic programming with high performance portability will be the bedrock for realizing the ubiquitous adoption of emerging accelerator technologies in future heterogeneous high-performance computing (HPC) systems, which is the key to achieving the next level of HPC performance on an expanding accelerator landscape. In this paper , we present", "after": "This paper presents", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 354}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": ". HALO implements", "start_char_pos": 517, "end_char_pos": 520}, {"type": "R", "before": "portable and performance-optimized execution of", "after": "performance-portable execution of a", "start_char_pos": 611, "end_char_pos": 658}, {"type": "R", "before": "application host codes across heterogeneous accelerator resources", "after": "host application across heterogeneous accelerators", "start_char_pos": 677, "end_char_pos": 742}, {"type": "D", "before": "v4", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 844, "end_char_pos": 846}, {"type": "R", "before": "the host program", "after": "host programs", "start_char_pos": 971, "end_char_pos": 987}, {"type": "R", "before": "maximum", "after": "top", "start_char_pos": 1048, "end_char_pos": 1055}, {"type": "D", "before": "of 1.0", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1086, "end_char_pos": 1092}, {"type": "R", "before": "2x-861,883x", "after": "up to five orders of magnitude", "start_char_pos": 1104, "end_char_pos": 1115}, {"type": "D", "before": "that suffers from an unstably low performance portability score. of the documentation of their work", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1154, "end_char_pos": 1253}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 327, 744, 852]} {"doc_id": "2011.11259", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Pairwise Potts models (PM) provide accurate statistical models of families of evolutionarily related protein sequences. Their parameters are the local fields, which describe site-specific patterns of amino-acid conservation, and the two-site couplings, which mirror the coevolution between pairs of distinct sites. This coevolution reflects structural and functional constraints acting on protein sequences during evolution , and couplings can a priori connect any pairs of sites, even those being distant along the protein chain, or distant in the three-dimensional protein fold . The most conservative choice to describe all of the coevolution signal is to include all possible two-site couplings into the PM. This choice, typically made by what is known as Direct Coupling Analysis, has been highly successful in using sequences for predicting residue contacts in the three-dimensional structure, mutational effects, and in generating new functional sequences. However, the resulting PM suffers from important over-fitting effects: many couplings are small, noisy and hardly interpretable , and the PM is close to a critical point, meaning that it is highly sensitive to small parameter perturbations. In this work, we introduce a parameter-reduction procedure via iterative decimation of the less statistically significant couplings . We propose an information-based criterion that identifies couplings that are either weak , or statistically unsupported . We show that our procedure allows one to remove more than 90 \\% of the PM couplings, while preserving the predictive and generative properties of the original dense PM. The resulting model is far away from criticality, meaning that it is more robust to noise, and its couplings are more easily interpretable.%DIFDELCMD < \\end{abstract} %DIFDELCMD < %%% \\\\%DIF > of the PM couplings, while preserving the predictive and generative properties of the original dense PM, and the resulting model is far away from criticality, hence more robust to noise.", "after_revision": "Boltzmann machines (BM) are widely used as generative models. For example, pairwise Potts models (PM) , which are instances of the BM class, provide accurate statistical models of families of evolutionarily related protein sequences. Their parameters are the local fields, which describe site-specific patterns of amino-acid conservation, and the two-site couplings, which mirror the coevolution between pairs of sites. This coevolution reflects structural and functional constraints acting on protein sequences during evolution . The most conservative choice to describe the coevolution signal is to include all possible two-site couplings into the PM. This choice, typical of what is known as Direct Coupling Analysis, has been successful for predicting residue contacts in the three-dimensional structure, mutational effects, and in generating new functional sequences. However, the resulting PM suffers from important over-fitting effects: many couplings are small, noisy and hardly interpretable ; the PM is close to a critical point, meaning that it is highly sensitive to small parameter perturbations. In this work, we introduce a general parameter-reduction procedure for BMs, via a controlled iterative decimation of the less statistically significant couplings , identified by an information-based criterion that selects either weak or statistically unsupported couplings. For several protein families, our procedure allows one to remove more than 90 %DIFDELCMD < \\end{abstract} %DIFDELCMD < %%% \\\\%DIF > of the PM couplings, while preserving the predictive and generative properties of the original dense PM, and the resulting model is far away from criticality, hence more robust to noise.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Pairwise", "after": "Boltzmann machines (BM) are widely used as generative models. For example, pairwise", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 8}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", which are instances of the BM class,", "start_char_pos": 27, "end_char_pos": 27}, {"type": "D", "before": "distinct", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 300, "end_char_pos": 308}, {"type": "D", "before": ", and couplings can a priori connect any pairs of sites, even those being distant along the protein chain, or distant in the three-dimensional protein fold", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 425, "end_char_pos": 580}, {"type": "D", "before": "all of", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 624, "end_char_pos": 630}, {"type": "R", "before": "typically made by", "after": "typical of", "start_char_pos": 726, "end_char_pos": 743}, {"type": "R", "before": "highly successful in using sequences", "after": "successful", "start_char_pos": 796, "end_char_pos": 832}, {"type": "R", "before": ", and", "after": ";", "start_char_pos": 1093, "end_char_pos": 1098}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "general", "start_char_pos": 1235, "end_char_pos": 1235}, {"type": "R", "before": "via", "after": "for BMs, via a controlled", "start_char_pos": 1266, "end_char_pos": 1269}, {"type": "R", "before": ". We propose", "after": ", identified by", "start_char_pos": 1339, "end_char_pos": 1351}, {"type": "R", "before": "identifies couplings that are either weak ,", "after": "selects either weak", "start_char_pos": 1388, "end_char_pos": 1431}, {"type": "R", "before": ". We show that", "after": "couplings. For several protein families,", "start_char_pos": 1461, "end_char_pos": 1475}, {"type": "D", "before": "\\% of the PM couplings, while preserving the predictive and generative properties of the original dense PM. The resulting model is far away from criticality, meaning that it is more robust to noise, and its couplings are more easily interpretable.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1524, "end_char_pos": 1771}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 120, 315, 582, 712, 964, 1205, 1340, 1462, 1631, 1771]} {"doc_id": "2011.11500", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Recovery a planted signal perturbed by noise is a fundamental problem in machine learning. In this work, we consider the problem of recovery a planted k-densest sub-hypergraph on h-uniform hypergraphsover n nodes . This fundamental problem appears in different contexts, e.g., community detection, average case complexity, and neuroscience applications . We first observe that it can be viewed as a structural variant of tensor PCA in which the hypergraph parameters k and h determine the structure of the signal to be recovered when the observations are contaminated by Gaussian noise. In this work, we provide tight information-theoretic upper and lower bounds for the recovery problem , as well as the first non-trivial algorithmic bounds based on approximate message passing algorithms. The problem exhibits a typical information-to-computational-gap observed in analogous settings, that widens with increasing sparsity of the problem. Interestingly, the bounds show that the structure of the signal does have an impact on the existing bounds of tensor PCA that the unstructured planted signal does not capture .", "after_revision": " In this work, we consider the problem of recovery a planted k-densest sub-hypergraph on d-uniform hypergraphs . This fundamental problem appears in different contexts, e.g., community detection, average-case complexity, and neuroscience applications as a structural variant of tensor-PCA problem. We provide tightinformation-theoretic upper and lower bounds for the exact recovery threshold by the maximum-likelihood estimator , as well as algorithmic bounds based on approximate message passing algorithms. The problem exhibits a typical statistical-to-computational gap observed in analogous sparse settings that widen with increasing sparsity of the problem. The bounds show that the signal structure impacts the location of the statistical and computational phase transition that the known existing bounds for the tensor-PCA model do not capture. This effect is due to the generic planted signal prior that this latter model addresses .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Recovery a planted signal perturbed by noise is a fundamental problem in machine learning.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 90}, {"type": "R", "before": "h-uniform hypergraphsover n nodes", "after": "d-uniform hypergraphs", "start_char_pos": 179, "end_char_pos": 212}, {"type": "R", "before": "average case", "after": "average-case", "start_char_pos": 298, "end_char_pos": 310}, {"type": "D", "before": ". 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We provide tight", "start_char_pos": 421, "end_char_pos": 639}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "information-theoretic", "start_char_pos": 639, "end_char_pos": 639}, {"type": "R", "before": "recovery problem", "after": "exact recovery threshold by the maximum-likelihood estimator", "start_char_pos": 671, "end_char_pos": 687}, {"type": "R", "before": "the first non-trivial algorithmic", "after": "algorithmic", "start_char_pos": 701, "end_char_pos": 734}, {"type": "R", "before": "information-to-computational-gap", "after": "statistical-to-computational gap", "start_char_pos": 822, "end_char_pos": 854}, {"type": "R", "before": "settings, that widens", "after": "sparse settings that widen", "start_char_pos": 877, "end_char_pos": 898}, {"type": "R", "before": "Interestingly, the", "after": "The", "start_char_pos": 940, "end_char_pos": 958}, {"type": "R", "before": "structure of the signal does have an impact on the existing bounds of tensor PCA that the unstructured planted signal does not capture", "after": "signal structure impacts the location of the statistical and computational phase transition that the known existing bounds for the tensor-PCA model do not capture. This effect is due to the generic planted signal prior that this latter model addresses", "start_char_pos": 980, "end_char_pos": 1114}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 90, 214, 354, 586, 790, 939]} {"doc_id": "2011.14203", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Transformer-based language models such as BERT provide significant accuracy improvement to a multitude of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their hefty computational and memory demands make them challenging to deploy to resource-constrained edge platforms with strict latency requirements. We present EdgeBERT an in-depth and principled algorithm and hardware design methodology to achieve minimal latency and energy consumption on multi-task NLP inference. Compared to the ALBERT baseline, we achieve up to 2.4x and 13.4x inference latencyand memory savings, respectively, with less than 1\\%-pt drop in accuracy on several GLUE benchmarks by employing a calibrated combination of 1) entropy-based early stopping, 2) adaptive attention span, 3) movement and magnitude pruning, and 4) floating-point quantization. Furthermore, in order to maximize the benefits of these algorithms in always-on and intermediate edge computing settings, we specialize a scalable hardware architecture wherein floating-point bit encodings of the shareable multi-task embedding parameters are stored in high-density non-volatile memory . Altogether, EdgeBERT enables fully on-chip inference acceleration of NLP workloads with 5.2 x, and 157x lower energy than that of an un-optimized accelerator and CUDA adaptations on an Nvidia Jetson Tegra X2 mobile GPU, respectively.", "after_revision": "Transformer-based language models such as BERT provide significant accuracy improvement for a multitude of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their hefty computational and memory demands make them challenging to deploy to resource-constrained edge platforms with strict latency requirements. We present EdgeBERT , an in-depth algorithm-hardware co-design for latency-aware energy optimization for multi-task NLP . EdgeBERT employs entropy-based early exit predication in order to perform dynamic voltage-frequency scaling (DVFS), at a sentence granularity, for minimal energy consumption while adhering to a prescribed target latency. Computation and memory footprint overheads are further alleviated by employing a calibrated combination of adaptive attention span, selective network pruning, and floating-point quantization. Furthermore, in order to maximize the synergistic benefits of these algorithms in always-on and intermediate edge computing settings, we specialize a 12nm scalable hardware accelerator system, integrating a fast-switching low-dropout voltage regulator (LDO), an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL), as well as, high-density embedded non-volatile memories (eNVMs) wherein the sparse floating-point bit encodings of the shared multi-task parameters are carefully stored . Altogether, latency-aware multi-task NLP inference acceleration on the EdgeBERT hardware system generates up to 7x, 2.5 x, and 53x lower energy compared to the conventional inference without early stopping, the latency-unbounded early exit approach, and CUDA adaptations on an Nvidia Jetson Tegra X2 mobile GPU, respectively.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "to", "after": "for", "start_char_pos": 88, "end_char_pos": 90}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 326, "end_char_pos": 326}, {"type": "R", "before": "and principled algorithm and hardware design methodology to achieve minimal latency and energy consumption on", "after": "algorithm-hardware co-design for latency-aware energy optimization for", "start_char_pos": 339, "end_char_pos": 448}, {"type": "R", "before": "inference. Compared to the ALBERT baseline, we achieve up to 2.4x and 13.4x inference latencyand memory savings, respectively, with less than 1\\%-pt drop in accuracy on several GLUE benchmarks", "after": ". EdgeBERT employs entropy-based early exit predication in order to perform dynamic voltage-frequency scaling (DVFS), at a sentence granularity, for minimal energy consumption while adhering to a prescribed target latency. 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However, little is knownabout the fine-grained public opinions on the coming vaccines. Using more than 40,000 rigorously selected tweets (from over six million tweets collected using keywords) posted by over 20,000 distinct Twitter users , we adopt a human-guided machine learning framework to capture the public opinions on the potential vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and classify them into three groups: pro-vaccine, vaccine-hesitant, and anti-vaccine. To investigate the scope and causes of public opinions, we compare the demographics, social capitals , income, religious statuses as well as the political affiliations of these three groups and find significant differences . A lower acceptance level for the potential COVID-19 vaccines is observed among the socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. We further aggregate the opinions at the state and country levels, and find that the percentage of the pro-vaccine group is lower in the Southeast part of the United States. Interestingly, the major changes in the percentages of different opinion groups roughly correspond to the major pandemic-related events. Next, by conducting counterfactual analyses, we find that the U.S. public is most concerned about the safety, effectiveness, and political issues with regards to the potential vaccines for COVID-19. In particular, we also investigate the public opinions about the newly emerged mRNA vaccines and find the opinions vary significantly across the religious beliefs : There are proportionally more religious people in the anti-vaccine group. To our best knowledge, this is the first large-scale social media-based study to analyze the public opinions on the potential COVID-19 vaccines that can inform more effective vaccine distribution policies and strategies.", "after_revision": "The current development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 is unprecedented. Little is known, however, about the nuanced public opinions on the coming vaccines. We adopt a human-guided machine learning framework (using more than 40,000 rigorously selected tweets from more than 20,000 distinct Twitter users ) to capture public opinion on the potential vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 , classifying them into three groups: pro-vaccine, vaccine-hesitant, and anti-vaccine. We compare demographics, social capital , income, religious status, and political affiliations of these three groups to investigate the scope and causes of public opinions . A lower vaccine acceptance level for potential COVID-19 vaccines is observed among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. We further aggregate opinions at the state and country levels, and find that the percentage of the pro-vaccine group is lower in the Southeast part of the United States. Interestingly, the major changes in the percentages of different opinion groups roughly correspond to the major pandemic-related events. Next, by conducting counterfactual analyses, we find that the U.S. public is most concerned about the safety, effectiveness, and political issues regarding potential vaccines for COVID-19. In particular, we also investigate public opinion about the newly emerged mRNA vaccines and find opinions vary significantly across by religious beliefs with proportionally more religious people in the anti-vaccine group. We believe this is the first large-scale social media-based study to analyze public opinions on potential COVID-19 vaccines that can inform more effective vaccine distribution policies and strategies.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 27, "end_char_pos": 30}, {"type": "R", "before": "However, little is knownabout the fine-grained", "after": "Little is known, however, about the nuanced", "start_char_pos": 73, "end_char_pos": 119}, {"type": "R", "before": "Using", "after": "We adopt a human-guided machine learning framework (using", "start_char_pos": 160, "end_char_pos": 165}, {"type": "R", "before": "(from over six million tweets collected using keywords) posted by over", "after": "from more than", "start_char_pos": 210, "end_char_pos": 280}, {"type": "R", "before": ", we adopt a human-guided machine learning framework to capture the public opinions", "after": ") to capture public opinion", "start_char_pos": 311, "end_char_pos": 394}, {"type": "R", "before": "and classify", "after": ", classifying", "start_char_pos": 436, "end_char_pos": 448}, {"type": "R", "before": "To investigate the scope and causes of public opinions, we compare the", "after": "We compare", "start_char_pos": 522, "end_char_pos": 592}, {"type": "R", "before": "capitals", "after": "capital", "start_char_pos": 614, "end_char_pos": 622}, {"type": "R", "before": "statuses as well as the", "after": "status, and", "start_char_pos": 643, "end_char_pos": 666}, {"type": "R", "before": "and find significant differences", "after": "to investigate the scope and causes of public opinions", "start_char_pos": 712, "end_char_pos": 744}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "vaccine", "start_char_pos": 755, "end_char_pos": 755}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 777, "end_char_pos": 780}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 827, "end_char_pos": 830}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 892, "end_char_pos": 895}, {"type": "R", "before": "with regards to the", "after": "regarding", "start_char_pos": 1328, "end_char_pos": 1347}, {"type": "R", "before": "the public opinions", "after": "public opinion", "start_char_pos": 1416, "end_char_pos": 1435}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1483, "end_char_pos": 1486}, {"type": "R", "before": "the religious beliefs : There are", "after": "by religious beliefs with", "start_char_pos": 1522, "end_char_pos": 1555}, {"type": "R", "before": "To our best knowledge,", "after": "We believe", "start_char_pos": 1620, "end_char_pos": 1642}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1709, "end_char_pos": 1712}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1732, "end_char_pos": 1735}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 72, 159, 521, 870, 1044, 1181, 1380, 1619]} {"doc_id": "2012.02277", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "We consider an infinite-horizon optimal consumption problem for an individual who forms a consumption habit based on an exponentially-weighted average of her past rate of consumption. The novelty of our approach is in introducing habit formation through a constraint, rather than through the objective function, as is customary in the existing habit-formation literature. Specifically, we require that the individual consume at a rate that is greater than a certain proportion \\alpha\\le1 of her consumption habit . Our habit-formation model allows for both addictive ( \\alpha=1 ) and non-addictive ( 0<\\alpha<1 ) habits. Assuming that the individual invests in a risk-free market, we formulate and solve a deterministic control problem to maximize the discounted CRRA utility of the individual's consumption-to-habit process subject to the said habit-formation constraint. We derive the optimal consumption policies explicitly in terms of the solution of a nonlinear free-boundary problem, which we analyze in detail. Impatient individuals (those with sufficiently large utility discount rates) always consume above the minimum rate; thus, they eventually attain the minimum wealth-to-habit ratio. Patient individuals (those with small utility discount rates) consume at the minimum rate if their wealth-to-habit ratio is below a threshold, and above it otherwise. By consuming patiently, these individuals maintain a wealth-to-habit ratio that is greater than the minimum acceptable level .", "after_revision": "We propose a new optimal consumption model in which the degree of addictiveness of habit formation is directly controlled through a consumption constraint. In particular, we assume that the individual is unwilling to consume at a rate below a certain proportion 0<\\alpha\\le1 of her consumption habit , which is the exponentially-weighted average of past consumption rates. \\alpha=1 prohibits the habit process to decrease and corresponds to the completely addictive model. \\alpha=0 makes the habit-formation constraint moot and corresponds to the non-addictive model. 0<\\alpha<1 leads to partially addictive models, with the level of addictiveness increasing with \\alpha. In contrast to the existing habit-formation literature, our constraint cannot be incorporated in the objective function through infinite marginal utility. Assuming that the individual invests in a risk-free market, we formulate and solve an infinite-horizon, deterministic control problem to maximize the discounted CRRA utility of the consumption-to-habit process subject to the habit-formation constraint. Optimal consumption policies are derived explicitly in terms of the solution of a nonlinear free-boundary problem, which we analyze in detail. Impatient always consume above the minimum rate; thus, they eventually attain the minimum wealth-to-habit ratio. Patient individuals consume at the minimum rate if their wealth-to-habit ratio is below a threshold, and above it otherwise. By consuming patiently, these individuals maintain a wealth-to-habit ratio that is greater than the minimum acceptable level . Additionally, we prove that the optimal consumption path is hump-shaped if the initial wealth-to-habit ratio is either: (1) larger than a high threshold; or (2) below a low threshold and the agent is less risk averse. Thus, we provide a simple explanation for the consumption hump observed by various empirical studies .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "consider an infinite-horizon optimal consumption problem for an individual who forms a consumption habit based on an exponentially-weighted average of her past rate of consumption. The novelty of our approach is in introducing habit formation through a constraint, rather than through the objective function, as is customary in the existing habit-formation literature. Specifically, we require", "after": "propose a new optimal consumption model in which the degree of addictiveness of habit formation is directly controlled through a consumption constraint. In particular, we assume", "start_char_pos": 3, "end_char_pos": 396}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "is unwilling to", "start_char_pos": 417, "end_char_pos": 417}, {"type": "R", "before": "that is greater than", "after": "below", "start_char_pos": 436, "end_char_pos": 456}, {"type": "R", "before": "\\alpha", "after": "0<\\alpha", "start_char_pos": 478, "end_char_pos": 484}, {"type": "R", "before": ". Our habit-formation model allows for both addictive (", "after": ", which is the exponentially-weighted average of past consumption rates.", "start_char_pos": 514, "end_char_pos": 569}, {"type": "R", "before": ") and", "after": "prohibits the habit process to decrease and corresponds to the completely addictive model. \\alpha=0 makes the habit-formation constraint moot and corresponds to the", "start_char_pos": 579, "end_char_pos": 584}, {"type": "R", "before": "(", "after": "model.", "start_char_pos": 599, "end_char_pos": 600}, {"type": "R", "before": ") habits.", "after": "leads to partially addictive models, with the level of addictiveness increasing with \\alpha. In contrast to the existing habit-formation literature, our constraint cannot be incorporated in the objective function through infinite marginal utility.", "start_char_pos": 612, "end_char_pos": 621}, {"type": "R", "before": "a", "after": "an infinite-horizon,", "start_char_pos": 705, "end_char_pos": 706}, {"type": "D", "before": "individual's", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 784, "end_char_pos": 796}, {"type": "D", "before": "said", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 841, "end_char_pos": 845}, {"type": "R", "before": "We derive the optimal consumption policies", "after": "Optimal consumption policies are derived", "start_char_pos": 874, "end_char_pos": 916}, {"type": "D", "before": "individuals (those with sufficiently large utility discount rates)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1029, "end_char_pos": 1095}, {"type": "D", "before": "(those with small utility discount rates)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1219, "end_char_pos": 1260}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ". Additionally, we prove that the optimal consumption path is hump-shaped if the initial wealth-to-habit ratio is either: (1) larger than a high threshold; or (2) below a low threshold and the agent is less risk averse. Thus, we provide a simple explanation for the consumption hump observed by various empirical studies", "start_char_pos": 1491, "end_char_pos": 1491}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 183, 371, 515, 621, 873, 1018, 1134, 1198, 1365]} {"doc_id": "2012.02363", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "We study fundamental point-line covering problems in computational geometry, in which the input is a set S of points in the plane. The first is the %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Rich Lines problem, which asks for the set of all lines that each covers at least \\lambda points from S, for a given integer parameter \\lambda \\geq 2; this problem subsumes the %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% 3-Points-on-Line problem and the %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Exact Fitting problem, which -- the latter -- asks for a line containing the maximum number of points. The second is the %DIFDELCMD < \\NP%%% -hard problem%DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Line Cover , which asks for a set of k lines that cover the points of S, for a given parameter k \\in N. Both problems have been extensively studied. In particular, the %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Rich Lines problem is a fundamental problem whose solution serves as a building block for several algorithms in computational geometry. For %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Rich Lines and%DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Exact Fitting , we present a randomized Monte Carlo algorithm that achieves a lower running time than that of Guibas et al.'s algorithm [ %DIFDELCMD < {\\it %%% Computational Geometry 1996], for a wide range of the parameter \\lambda. We derive lower-bound results showing that, for \\lambda =\\Omega(\\sqrt{n \\log n}), the upper bound on the running time of this randomized algorithm matches the lower bound that we derive on the time complexity of %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Rich Lines in the algebraic computation trees model. For %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Line Cover , we present two kernelization algorithms: a randomized Monte Carlo algorithm and a deterministic algorithm. Both algorithms improve the running time of existing kernelization algorithms for %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Line Cover . We derive lower-bound results showing that the running time of the randomized algorithm we present comes close to the lower bound we derive on the time complexity of kernelization algorithms for %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Line Cover in the algebraic computation trees model.", "after_revision": "We study fundamental point-line covering problems in computational geometry, in which the input is a set S of points in the plane. The first is the %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Rich Lines problem, which asks for the set of all lines that each covers at least \\lambda points from S, for a given integer parameter \\lambda \\geq 2; this problem subsumes the %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% 3-Points-on-Line problem and the %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Exact Fitting problem, which -- the latter -- asks for a line containing the maximum number of points. The second is the %DIFDELCMD < \\NP%%% %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% NP-hard problem Line Cover , which asks for a set of k lines that cover the points of S, for a given parameter k \\in N. Both problems have been extensively studied. In particular, the %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Rich Lines problem is a fundamental problem whose solution serves as a building block for several algorithms in computational geometry. For %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Rich Lines and Exact Fitting , we present a randomized Monte Carlo algorithm that achieves a lower running time than that of Guibas et al.'s algorithm [ %DIFDELCMD < {\\it %%% Computational Geometry 1996], for a wide range of the parameter \\lambda. We derive lower-bound results showing that, for \\lambda =\\Omega(\\sqrt{n \\log n}), the upper bound on the running time of this randomized algorithm matches the lower bound that we derive on the time complexity of %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Rich Lines in the algebraic computation trees model. For %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Line Cover , we present two kernelization algorithms: a randomized Monte Carlo algorithm and a deterministic algorithm. Both algorithms improve the running time of existing kernelization algorithms for %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Line Cover . We derive lower-bound results showing that the running time of the randomized algorithm we present comes close to the lower bound we derive on the time complexity of kernelization algorithms for %DIFDELCMD < {\\sc %%% Line Cover in the algebraic computation trees model.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Rich Lines", "after": "Rich Lines", "start_char_pos": 170, "end_char_pos": 180}, {"type": "R", "before": "Exact Fitting", "after": "Exact Fitting", "start_char_pos": 424, "end_char_pos": 437}, {"type": "D", "before": "-hard problem", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 565, "end_char_pos": 578}, {"type": "R", "before": "Line Cover", "after": "NP-hard problem Line Cover", "start_char_pos": 600, "end_char_pos": 610}, {"type": "R", "before": "Rich Lines", "after": "Rich Lines", "start_char_pos": 790, "end_char_pos": 800}, {"type": "D", "before": "Rich Lines", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 952, "end_char_pos": 962}, {"type": "D", "before": "and", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 963, "end_char_pos": 966}, {"type": "R", "before": "Exact Fitting", "after": "Rich Lines and Exact Fitting", "start_char_pos": 988, "end_char_pos": 1001}, {"type": "R", "before": "Computational Geometry", "after": "Computational Geometry", "start_char_pos": 1148, "end_char_pos": 1170}, {"type": "R", "before": "Rich Lines", "after": "Rich Lines", "start_char_pos": 1455, "end_char_pos": 1465}, {"type": "R", "before": "Line Cover", "after": "Line Cover", "start_char_pos": 1534, "end_char_pos": 1544}, {"type": "R", "before": "Line Cover", "after": "Line Cover", "start_char_pos": 1758, "end_char_pos": 1768}, {"type": "R", "before": "Line Cover", "after": "Line Cover", "start_char_pos": 1988, "end_char_pos": 1998}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 130, 320, 526, 748, 925, 1220, 1507, 1653, 1770]} {"doc_id": "2012.02507", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Document-level Relation Extraction (RE) requires extracting relations expressed within and across sentences. Recent works show that graph-based methods, usually constructing a document-level graph that captures document-aware interactions, can obtain useful entity representations thus helping tackle document-level RE. These methods either focus more on the entire graph, or pay more attention to a part of the graph, e.g., paths between the target entity pair. However, we find that document-level RE may benefit from focusing on both of them simultaneously. Therefore, to obtain more comprehensive entity representations, we propose the C oarse-to-F ineE ntityR epresentation model (CFER ) that adopts a coarse-to-fine strategy involving two phases. First, CFER uses graph neural networks to integrate global information in the entire graph at a coarse level. Next, CFER utilizes the global information as a guidance to selectively aggregate path information between the target entity pair at a fine level. In classification, we combine the entity representations from both two levels into more comprehensive representations for relation extraction. Experimental results on a large-scale document-level RE dataset show that CFER achieves better performance than previous baseline models . Further, we verify the effectiveness of our strategy through elaborate model analysis .", "after_revision": "Document-level Relation Extraction (RE) requires extracting relations expressed within and across sentences. Recent works show that graph-based methods, usually constructing a document-level graph that captures document-aware interactions, can obtain useful entity representations thus helping tackle document-level RE. These methods either focus more on the entire graph, or pay more attention to a part of the graph, e.g., paths between the target entity pair. However, we find that document-level RE may benefit from focusing on both of them simultaneously. Therefore, to obtain more comprehensive entity representations, we propose the Coarse-to-Fine Entity Representation model (CFER ) that adopts a coarse-to-fine strategy involving two phases. First, CFER uses graph neural networks to integrate global information in the entire graph at a coarse level. Next, CFER utilizes the global information as a guidance to selectively aggregate path information between the target entity pair at a fine level. In classification, we combine the entity representations from both two levels into more comprehensive representations for relation extraction. Experimental results on two document-level RE datasets, DocRED and CDR, show that CFER outperforms existing models and is robust to the uneven label distribution .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "C", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 640, "end_char_pos": 641}, {"type": "D", "before": "oarse-to-", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 642, "end_char_pos": 651}, {"type": "D", "before": "F", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 651, "end_char_pos": 652}, {"type": "D", "before": "ine", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 653, "end_char_pos": 656}, {"type": "D", "before": "E", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 656, "end_char_pos": 657}, {"type": "D", "before": "ntity", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 658, "end_char_pos": 663}, {"type": "D", "before": "R", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 663, "end_char_pos": 664}, {"type": "D", "before": "epresentation model (", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 665, "end_char_pos": 686}, {"type": "R", "before": "CFER", "after": "Coarse-to-Fine Entity Representation model (CFER", "start_char_pos": 686, "end_char_pos": 690}, {"type": "R", "before": "a large-scale", "after": "two", "start_char_pos": 1177, "end_char_pos": 1190}, {"type": "R", "before": "dataset", "after": "datasets, DocRED and CDR,", "start_char_pos": 1209, "end_char_pos": 1216}, {"type": "R", "before": "achieves better performance than previous baseline models . Further, we verify the effectiveness of our strategy through elaborate model analysis", "after": "outperforms existing models and is robust to the uneven label distribution", "start_char_pos": 1232, "end_char_pos": 1377}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 108, 319, 462, 560, 752, 862, 1009, 1152, 1291]} {"doc_id": "2012.03879", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "This work considers the general task of estimating the sum of a bounded function over the edges of a graph that is unknown a priori, where graph vertices and edges are built on-the-fly by an algorithm and the resulting graph is too large to be kept in memory or disk. Prior work proposes Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods that simultaneously sample and generate the graph , eliminating the need for storage . Unfortunately, these existing methods are not scalable to massive real-world graphs. In this paper, we introduce Ripple, an MCMC-based estimator which achieves unprecedented scalability in this task by stratifying the MCMC Markov chain state space with a new technique that we denote {\\em ordered sequential stratified Markov regenerations}. We show that the Ripple estimator is consistent, highly parallelizable, and scales well. In particular, applying Ripple to the task of estimating connected induced subgraph counts on large graphs, we empirically demonstrate that Ripple is accurate and is able to estimate counts of up to 12-node subgraphs, a task at a scale that has been considered unreachable, not only by prior MCMC-based methods , but also by other sampling approaches. For instance, in this target application, we present results where the Markov chain state space is as large as 10^{43}, for which Ripple computes estimates in less than 4 hours on average.", "after_revision": "This work considers the general task of estimating the sum of a bounded function over the edges of a graph , given neighborhood query access and where access to the entire network is prohibitively expensive. To estimate this sum, prior work proposes Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods that use random walks started at some seed vertex and whose equilibrium distribution is the uniform distribution over all edges , eliminating the need to iterate over all edges . Unfortunately, these existing estimators are not scalable to massive real-world graphs. In this paper, we introduce Ripple, an MCMC-based estimator that achieves unprecedented scalability by stratifying the Markov chain state space into ordered strata with a new technique that we denote {\\em sequential stratified regenerations}. We show that the Ripple estimator is consistent, highly parallelizable, and scales well. We empirically evaluate our method by applying Ripple to the task of estimating connected , induced subgraph counts given some input graph. Therein, we demonstrate that Ripple is accurate and can estimate counts of up to 12-node subgraphs, which is a task at a scale that has been considered unreachable, not only by prior MCMC-based methods but also by other sampling approaches. For instance, in this target application, we present results in which the Markov chain state space is as large as 10^{43}, for which Ripple computes estimates in less than 4 hours , on average.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "that is unknown a priori, where graph vertices and edges are built on-the-fly by an algorithm and the resulting graph is too large to be kept in memory or disk. Prior", "after": ", given neighborhood query access and where access to the entire network is prohibitively expensive. 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Therein, we", "start_char_pos": 939, "end_char_pos": 970}, {"type": "R", "before": "is able to", "after": "can", "start_char_pos": 1011, "end_char_pos": 1021}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "which is", "start_char_pos": 1066, "end_char_pos": 1066}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1160, "end_char_pos": 1161}, {"type": "R", "before": "where", "after": "in which", "start_char_pos": 1262, "end_char_pos": 1267}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1378, "end_char_pos": 1378}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 267, 414, 499, 757, 846, 1200]} {"doc_id": "2012.04808", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Commonsense reasoning requires a model to make presumptions about world events via language understanding. Many methods couple pre-trained language models with knowledge graphs in order to combine the merits in language modeling and entity-based relational learning . However, although a knowledge graph contains rich structural information, it lacks the context to provide a more precise understanding of the concepts and relations . This creates a gap when fusing knowledge graphs into language modeling, especially in the scenario of insufficient paired text-knowledge data. In this paper , we propose to utilize external entity description to provide contextual information for graph entities. For the CommonsenseQA task, our model first extracts concepts from the question and choice, and then finds a related triple between these concepts. Next, it retrieves the descriptions of these concepts from Wiktionary and feed them as additional input to a pre-trained language model, together with the triple . The resulting model can attain much more effective commonsense reasoning capability, achieving state-of-the-art results in the CommonsenseQA dataset with an accuracy of 80.7\\% (single model) and 83.3\\% (ensemble model) on the official leaderboard .", "after_revision": "Commonsense question answering (QA) requires a model to grasp commonsense and factual knowledge to answer questions about world events . Many prior methods couple language modeling with knowledge graphs (KG) . However, although a KG contains rich structural information, it lacks the context to provide a more precise understanding of the concepts . This creates a gap when fusing knowledge graphs into language modeling, especially when there is insufficient labeled data. Thus , we propose to employ external entity descriptions to provide contextual information for knowledge understanding. We retrieve descriptions of related concepts from Wiktionary and feed them as additional input to pre-trained language models . The resulting model achieves state-of-the-art result in the CommonsenseQA dataset and the best result among non-generative models in OpenBookQA .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "reasoning", "after": "question answering (QA)", "start_char_pos": 12, "end_char_pos": 21}, {"type": "R", "before": "make presumptions", "after": "grasp commonsense and factual knowledge to answer questions", "start_char_pos": 42, "end_char_pos": 59}, {"type": "R", "before": "via language understanding. Many methods couple pre-trained language models", "after": ". 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For the CommonsenseQA task, our model first extracts concepts from the question and choice, and then finds a related triple between these concepts. Next, it retrieves the descriptions of these", "after": "knowledge understanding. We retrieve descriptions of related", "start_char_pos": 682, "end_char_pos": 890}, {"type": "D", "before": "a", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 953, "end_char_pos": 954}, {"type": "R", "before": "model, together with the triple", "after": "models", "start_char_pos": 976, "end_char_pos": 1007}, {"type": "R", "before": "can attain much more effective commonsense reasoning capability, achieving", "after": "achieves", "start_char_pos": 1030, "end_char_pos": 1104}, {"type": "R", "before": "results", "after": "result", "start_char_pos": 1122, "end_char_pos": 1129}, {"type": "R", "before": "with an accuracy of 80.7\\% (single model) and 83.3\\% (ensemble model) on the official leaderboard", "after": "and the best result among non-generative models in OpenBookQA", "start_char_pos": 1159, "end_char_pos": 1256}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 106, 267, 434, 577, 697, 845, 1009]} {"doc_id": "2012.06081", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The accurate approximation of scalar-valued functions from sample points is a key task in mathematical modeling and computational science. Recently, machine learning techniques based on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have begun to emerge as promising tools for function approximation in scientific computingproblems , with impressive results achieved on problems where the dimension of the underlying data or problem domain is large. In this work , we broaden this perspectiveby focusing on approximation of functions that are Hilbert-valued, i.e. they take values in a separable, but typically infinite-dimensional, Hilbert space. This problem arises in many science and engineering problems, in particular those involving the solution of parametric Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Such problems are challenging for three reasons. First, pointwise samples are expensive to acquire . Second, the domain of the function is usually high dimensional, and third, the range lies in a Hilbert space. Our contributions are twofold. First, we present a novel result on DNN training for holomorphic functions with so-called hidden anisotropy. This result introduces a DNN training procedure and a full theoretical analysis with explicit guarantees on the error and sample complexity. This error bound is explicit in the three key errors occurred in the approximation procedure: best approximation error, measurementerror and physical discretization error . Our result shows that there is a procedure for learning Hilbert-valued functions via DNNs that performs as well as current best-in-class schemes. Second, we provide preliminary numerical results illustrating the practical performance of DNNs on Hilbert-valued functions arising as solutions to parametric PDEs. We consider different parameters, modify the DNN architecture to achieve better and competitive results and compare these to current best-in-class schemes.", "after_revision": "Accurate approximation of scalar-valued functions from sample points is a key task in computational science. Recently, machine learning with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has emerged as a promising tool for scientific computing , with impressive results achieved on problems where the dimension of the data or problem domain is large. This work broadens this perspective, focusing on approximating functions that are Hilbert-valued, i.e. take values in a separable, but typically infinite-dimensional, Hilbert space. This arises in science and engineering problems, in particular those involving solution of parametric Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Such problems are challenging : 1) pointwise samples are expensive to acquire , 2) the function domain is high dimensional, and 3) the range lies in a Hilbert space. Our contributions are twofold. First, we present a novel result on DNN training for holomorphic functions with so-called hidden anisotropy. This result introduces a DNN training procedure and full theoretical analysis with explicit guarantees on error and sample complexity. The error bound is explicit in three key errors occurring in the approximation procedure: the best approximation, measurement, and physical discretization errors . Our result shows that there exists a procedure (albeit non-standard) for learning Hilbert-valued functions via DNNs that performs as well as , but no better than current best-in-class schemes. It gives a benchmark lower bound for how well DNNs can perform on such problems. Second, we examine whether better performance can be achieved in practice through different types of architectures and training. We provide preliminary numerical results illustrating practical performance of DNNs on parametric PDEs. We consider different parameters, modifying the DNN architecture to achieve better and competitive results , comparing these to current best-in-class schemes.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "The accurate", "after": "Accurate", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 12}, {"type": "D", "before": "mathematical modeling and", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 90, "end_char_pos": 115}, {"type": "R", "before": "techniques based on", "after": "with", "start_char_pos": 166, "end_char_pos": 185}, {"type": "R", "before": "have begun to emerge as promising tools for function approximation in scientific computingproblems", "after": "has emerged as a promising tool for scientific computing", "start_char_pos": 214, "end_char_pos": 312}, {"type": "D", "before": "underlying", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 387, "end_char_pos": 397}, {"type": "R", "before": "In this work , we broaden this perspectiveby focusing on approximation of", "after": "This work broadens this perspective, focusing on approximating", "start_char_pos": 431, "end_char_pos": 504}, {"type": "D", "before": "they", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 545, "end_char_pos": 549}, {"type": "R", "before": "problem arises in many", "after": "arises in", "start_char_pos": 634, "end_char_pos": 656}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 721, "end_char_pos": 724}, {"type": "R", "before": "for three reasons. 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Second, the domain of the function is usually", "after": ", 2) the function domain is", "start_char_pos": 886, "end_char_pos": 933}, {"type": "R", "before": "third,", "after": "3)", "start_char_pos": 956, "end_char_pos": 962}, {"type": "D", "before": "a", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1190, "end_char_pos": 1191}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1246, "end_char_pos": 1249}, {"type": "R", "before": "This", "after": "The", "start_char_pos": 1279, "end_char_pos": 1283}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1311, "end_char_pos": 1314}, {"type": "R", "before": "occurred", "after": "occurring", "start_char_pos": 1332, "end_char_pos": 1340}, {"type": "R", "before": "best approximation error, measurementerror", "after": "the best approximation, measurement,", "start_char_pos": 1373, "end_char_pos": 1415}, {"type": "R", "before": "error", "after": "errors", "start_char_pos": 1444, "end_char_pos": 1449}, {"type": "R", "before": "is a procedure", "after": "exists a procedure (albeit non-standard)", "start_char_pos": 1480, "end_char_pos": 1494}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", but no better than", "start_char_pos": 1567, "end_char_pos": 1567}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "It gives a benchmark lower bound for how well DNNs can perform on such problems.", "start_char_pos": 1599, "end_char_pos": 1599}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "examine whether better performance can be achieved in practice through different types of architectures and training. We", "start_char_pos": 1611, "end_char_pos": 1611}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1663, "end_char_pos": 1666}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hilbert-valued functions arising as solutions to", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1700, "end_char_pos": 1748}, {"type": "R", "before": "modify", "after": "modifying", "start_char_pos": 1800, "end_char_pos": 1806}, {"type": "R", "before": "and compare", "after": ", comparing", "start_char_pos": 1870, "end_char_pos": 1881}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 138, 430, 628, 786, 835, 887, 997, 1028, 1137, 1278, 1451, 1598, 1765]} {"doc_id": "2012.07816", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "While the open-source model for software development has led to successful large-scale collaborations in building software systems, data science projects are frequently developed by individuals or small groups . We describe challenges to scaling data science collaborations and present a novel conceptual framework and ML programming model to address them. We instantiate these ideas in Ballet, a lightweight software framework for collaborative open-source data science and a cloud-based development environment , with a plugin for collaborative feature engineering . Using our framework, collaborators incrementally propose feature definitions to a repository which are each subjected to an ML evaluation and can be automatically merged into an executable feature engineering pipeline. We leverage Ballet to conduct an extensive case study analysis of a real-world income prediction problem , and discuss implications for collaborative projects.", "after_revision": "While the open-source software development model has led to successful large-scale collaborations in building software systems, data science projects are frequently developed by individuals or small teams . We describe challenges to scaling data science collaborations and present a conceptual framework and ML programming model to address them. We instantiate these ideas in Ballet, a lightweight framework for collaborative , open-source data science through a focus on feature engineering, and an accompanying cloud-based development environment . Using our framework, collaborators incrementally propose feature definitions to a repository which are each subjected to an ML performance evaluation and can be automatically merged into an executable feature engineering pipeline. We leverage Ballet to conduct a case study analysis of an income prediction problem with 27 collaborators , and discuss implications for future designers of collaborative projects.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "model for software development", "after": "software development model", "start_char_pos": 22, "end_char_pos": 52}, {"type": "R", "before": "groups", "after": "teams", "start_char_pos": 203, "end_char_pos": 209}, {"type": "D", "before": "novel", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 288, "end_char_pos": 293}, {"type": "D", "before": "software", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 409, "end_char_pos": 417}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 446, "end_char_pos": 446}, {"type": "R", "before": "and a", "after": "through a focus on feature engineering, and an accompanying", "start_char_pos": 472, "end_char_pos": 477}, {"type": "D", "before": ", with a plugin for collaborative feature engineering", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 514, "end_char_pos": 567}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "performance", "start_char_pos": 697, "end_char_pos": 697}, {"type": "R", "before": "an extensive", "after": "a", "start_char_pos": 820, "end_char_pos": 832}, {"type": "R", "before": "a real-world", "after": "an", "start_char_pos": 856, "end_char_pos": 868}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "with 27 collaborators", "start_char_pos": 895, "end_char_pos": 895}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "future designers of", "start_char_pos": 927, "end_char_pos": 927}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 211, 356, 569, 789]} {"doc_id": "2012.08849", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "A cluster of research in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) suggests that it is possible to infer some characteristics of users' mental states by analyzing electrophysiological responses in real-time. However, it is not clear how to use the information extracted from electrophysiological signals to create visual representations of the emotional states of Virtual Reality (VR) users. Visualization of users' emotions in VR can lead to biofeedback therapies for training emotion self-regulation . Understanding how to visualize emotions in VR requires an interdisciplinary approach that integrates disciplines such as psychology, electrophysiology, and audiovisual design. Therefore, this review aims to integrate previous studies from these fields to understand how to develop virtual environments that can automatically create visual representations of users' emotional states. This manuscript addresses this challenge in three sections: First, theories related to emotion and affect are compared . Second, evidence suggesting that specific visual and sound cues tend to be associated with particular emotions are discussed. And third , some of the available methods for assessing emotions are described .", "after_revision": "A cluster of research in Affective Computing suggests that it is possible to infer some characteristics of users' affective states by analyzing their electrophysiological activity in real-time. However, it is not clear how to use the information extracted from electrophysiological signals to create visual representations of the affective states of Virtual Reality (VR) users. Visualization of users' affective states in VR can lead to biofeedback therapies for mental health care . Understanding how to visualize affective states in VR requires an interdisciplinary approach that integrates psychology, electrophysiology, and audio-visual design. Therefore, this review aims to integrate previous studies from these fields to understand how to develop virtual environments that can automatically create visual representations of users' affective states. The manuscript addresses this challenge in four sections: First, theories related to emotion and affect are summarized . Second, evidence suggesting that visual and sound cues tend to be associated with affective states are discussed. Third , some of the available methods for assessing affect are described. The fourth and final section contains five practical considerations for the development of virtual reality environments for affect visualization .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)", "after": "Affective Computing", "start_char_pos": 25, "end_char_pos": 57}, {"type": "R", "before": "mental", "after": "affective", "start_char_pos": 127, "end_char_pos": 133}, {"type": "R", "before": "electrophysiological responses", "after": "their electrophysiological activity", "start_char_pos": 154, "end_char_pos": 184}, {"type": "R", "before": "emotional", "after": "affective", "start_char_pos": 335, "end_char_pos": 344}, {"type": "R", "before": "emotions", "after": "affective states", "start_char_pos": 407, "end_char_pos": 415}, {"type": "R", "before": "training emotion self-regulation", "after": "mental health care", "start_char_pos": 460, "end_char_pos": 492}, {"type": "R", "before": "emotions", "after": "affective states", "start_char_pos": 526, "end_char_pos": 534}, {"type": "D", "before": "disciplines such as", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 596, "end_char_pos": 615}, {"type": "R", "before": "audiovisual", "after": "audio-visual", "start_char_pos": 651, "end_char_pos": 662}, {"type": "R", "before": "emotional states. 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The fourth and final section contains five practical considerations for the development of virtual reality environments for affect visualization", "start_char_pos": 1181, "end_char_pos": 1203}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 198, 382, 494, 670, 877, 998, 1124]} {"doc_id": "2012.09660", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Deciphering the workings of a brain (and its alterations due to pathologies and disorders) requires real-time mapping of the activity of all neurons. Recently, this formidable task has been brought into reach by the implementation of light sheet fluorescence (LSF) microscopy on the transparent zebrafish larva, a simple yet representative model of the vertebrate brain. This application is however hindered by the use of visible light for fluorescence excitation , inducing unwanted visual stimulation that can only be partially overcome resorting to complex excitation geometries. On the other hand, two-photon (2P) LSF microscopy, owing to the use of invisible infra-red illumination, enables volumetric imaging of neuronal activity avoiding undesirable visual stimulation . However, due to the low efficiency of the 2P absorption process, the imaging speed of this technique is typically limited (~ 1 Hz) by the signal to noise ratio achievable without sample photodamage. Here we describe a custom-made 2P LSF microscope that overcomes this limit, being specifically designed to perform whole-brain cellular-resolution calcium imaging in zebrafish larvae quintuplicating previous volumetric acquisition frequency (5 Hz) . ...%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% We employed this system to investigate, in real-time on a brain-wide scale, the onset and propagation of acute seizures, as induced by the convulsant drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), avoiding detrimental visual stimulation on a highly susceptible system such as an epileptic brain. ...%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% In conclusion, the presented 2P LSF microscope design affords high spatio-temporal resolution while avoiding visual stimuli and allows unprecedented access to whole zebrafish brain epileptic dynamics .", "after_revision": "Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) enables real-time whole-brain functional imaging in zebrafish larvae. Conventional one photon LSFM can however induce undesirable visual stimulation due to the use of visible excitation light. The use of two-photon (2P) excitation, employing near-infrared invisible light, provides unbiased investigation of neuronal circuit dynamics . However, due to the low efficiency of the 2P absorption process, the imaging speed of this technique is typically limited by the signal-to-noise-ratio. Here, we describe a 2P LSFM setup designed for non-invasive imaging that enables quintuplicating state-of-the-art volumetric acquisition rate of the larval zebrafish brain (5 Hz) %DIFDELCMD < ] %%% while keeping low the laser intensity on the specimen. We applied our system to the study of pharmacologically-induced acute seizures, %DIFDELCMD < ] %%% characterizing the spatial-temporal dynamics of pathological activity and describing for the first time the appearance of caudo-rostral ictal waves (CRIWs) .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Deciphering the workings of a brain (and its alterations due to pathologies and disorders) requires", "after": "Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) enables", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 99}, {"type": "R", "before": "mapping of the activity of all neurons. Recently, this formidable task has been brought into reach by the implementation of light sheet fluorescence (LSF) microscopy on the transparent zebrafish larva, a simple yet representative model of the vertebrate brain. This application is however hindered by", "after": "whole-brain functional imaging in zebrafish larvae. Conventional one photon LSFM can however induce undesirable visual stimulation due to", "start_char_pos": 110, "end_char_pos": 410}, {"type": "R", "before": "light for fluorescence excitation , inducing unwanted visual stimulation that can only be partially overcome resorting to complex excitation geometries. On the other hand,", "after": "excitation light. The use of", "start_char_pos": 430, "end_char_pos": 601}, {"type": "R", "before": "LSF microscopy, owing to the use of invisible infra-red illumination, enables volumetric imaging of neuronal activity avoiding undesirable visual stimulation", "after": "excitation, employing near-infrared invisible light, provides unbiased investigation of neuronal circuit dynamics", "start_char_pos": 618, "end_char_pos": 775}, {"type": "R", "before": "(~ 1 Hz) by the signal to noise ratio achievable without sample photodamage. Here", "after": "by the signal-to-noise-ratio. 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We applied our system to the study of pharmacologically-induced", "start_char_pos": 1249, "end_char_pos": 1353}, {"type": "D", "before": "as induced by the convulsant drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), avoiding detrimental visual stimulation on a highly susceptible system such as an epileptic brain.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1370, "end_char_pos": 1527}, {"type": "D", "before": "...", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1528, "end_char_pos": 1531}, {"type": "R", "before": "In conclusion, the presented 2P LSF microscope design affords high spatio-temporal resolution while avoiding visual stimuli and allows unprecedented access to whole zebrafish brain epileptic dynamics", "after": "characterizing the spatial-temporal dynamics of pathological activity and describing for the first time the appearance of caudo-rostral ictal waves (CRIWs)", "start_char_pos": 1550, "end_char_pos": 1749}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 149, 370, 582, 777, 976, 1230, 1531]} {"doc_id": "2012.10006", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Multiple brain injury criteria (BIC) are developed to quickly quantify brain injury risks after head impacts. These BIC originated from different types of head impacts (e.g., sports and car crashes) are widely used in risk evaluation. However, the predictability of the BIC on different types of head impacts has not been evaluated. Physiologically, the brain strain is often considered the key parameter of brain injury. To evaluate the BIC's ability to predict brain strain across five datasets comprising different head impact subtypes , linear regression was used to model 95\\% maximum principal strain, 95\\% maximum principal strain at corpus callosum, and cumulative strain damage (15\\%) on 18 BIC . The results show significant differences in the relationship between BIC and brain strain across datasets, indicating the same BIC value may indicate different brain strain in different head impact subtypes . The accuracy of regression is generally decreasing if the BIC regression models are fit on a dataset with a different head impact subtype rather than on the dataset with the same subtype . Given this finding, this study raises concerns for applying BIC to predict the brain strain for head impacts different from the head impacts on which the BIC was developed.", "after_revision": "Multiple brain injury criteria (BIC) are developed to quickly quantify brain injury risks after head impacts. These BIC originated from different types of head impacts (e.g., sports and car crashes) are widely used in risk evaluation. However, the accuracy of using the BIC on brain injury risk estimation across different types of head impacts has not been evaluated. Physiologically, brain strain is often considered the key parameter of brain injury. To evaluate the BIC's risk estimation accuracy across five datasets comprising different head impact types , linear regression was used to model 95\\% maximum principal strain, 95\\% maximum principal strain at the corpus callosum, and cumulative strain damage (15\\%) on each of 18 BIC respectively . The results show a significant difference in the relationship between BIC and brain strain across datasets, indicating the same BIC value may suggest different brain strain in different head impact types . The accuracy of brain strain regression is generally decreasing if the BIC regression models are fit on a dataset with a different type of head impact rather than on the dataset with the same type . Given this finding, this study raises concerns for applying BIC to estimate the brain injury risks for head impacts different from the head impacts on which the BIC was developed.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "predictability of", "after": "accuracy of using", "start_char_pos": 248, "end_char_pos": 265}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "brain injury risk estimation across", "start_char_pos": 277, "end_char_pos": 277}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 351, "end_char_pos": 354}, {"type": "R", "before": "ability to predict brain strain", "after": "risk estimation accuracy", "start_char_pos": 445, "end_char_pos": 476}, {"type": "R", "before": "subtypes", "after": "types", "start_char_pos": 531, "end_char_pos": 539}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 642, "end_char_pos": 642}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "each of", "start_char_pos": 699, "end_char_pos": 699}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "respectively", "start_char_pos": 707, "end_char_pos": 707}, {"type": "R", "before": "significant differences", "after": "a significant difference", "start_char_pos": 727, "end_char_pos": 750}, {"type": "R", "before": "indicate", "after": "suggest", "start_char_pos": 851, "end_char_pos": 859}, {"type": "R", "before": "subtypes", "after": "types", "start_char_pos": 908, "end_char_pos": 916}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "brain strain", "start_char_pos": 935, "end_char_pos": 935}, {"type": "R", "before": "head impact subtype", "after": "type of head impact", "start_char_pos": 1038, "end_char_pos": 1057}, {"type": "R", "before": "subtype", "after": "type", "start_char_pos": 1099, "end_char_pos": 1106}, {"type": "R", "before": "predict the brain strain", "after": "estimate the brain injury risks", "start_char_pos": 1176, "end_char_pos": 1200}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 109, 234, 333, 422, 709, 918]} {"doc_id": "2012.10793", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "We study {\\em online} active learning of homogeneous s-sparse halfspaces in R^d with adversarial noise \\mbox{%DIFAUXCMD kearns1992toward where the overall probability of a noisy label is constrained to be at most \\nu and the marginal distribution over unlabeled data is unchanged . Our main contribution is a state-of-the-art online active learning algorithm that achieves near-optimal attribute efficiency, label and sample complexity under mild distributional assumptions. In particular, under the conditions that the marginal distribution is isotropic log-concave and \\nu = \\Omega(\\epsilon), where \\epsilon \\in (0, 1) is the target error rate, we show that our algorithm PAC learns the underlying halfspace in polynomial time with near-optimal label complexity bound of O\\big( s \\cdot polylog( d, \\frac{1}{\\epsilon})\\big) and sample complexity bound of \\tilde{O}\\big( \\frac{s{\\epsilon} \\cdot polylog(d)} {\\epsilon} } \\big). Prior to this work, existing online algorithms designed for tolerating the adversarial noise are either subject to label complexity polynomial in d or \\frac{1}{\\epsilon}, or work under the restrictive uniform marginal distribution.\\tilde{O}\\big( {\\epsilon}) }\\big) \\tilde{O}\\big({\\epsilon} \\cdot polylog(d) }\\big) As an immediate corollary of our main result , we show that under the more challenging agnostic model \\mbox{%DIFAUXCMD \\cite{kearns1992toward }\\hspace{0pt}%DIFAUXCMD } where no assumption is made on the noise rate , our active learner achieves an error rate of O(OPT) + \\epsilon with the same running time and label and sample complexity, where OPT is the best possible error rate achievable by any homogeneous s-sparse halfspace. Our algorithm builds upon the celebrated Perceptron while leveraging novel localized sampling and semi-random gradient update to tolerate the adversarial noise. We believe that our algorithmic design and analysis are of independent interest, and may shed light on learning halfspaces with broader noise models .", "after_revision": "We study {\\em online} active learning of homogeneous halfspaces in R^d with adversarial noise where the overall probability of a noisy label is constrained to be at most \\nu . Our main contribution is a Perceptron-like online active learning algorithm that runs in polynomial time, and under the conditions that the marginal distribution is isotropic log-concave and \\nu = \\Omega(\\epsilon), where \\epsilon \\in (0, 1) is the target error rate, our algorithm PAC learns the underlying halfspace with near-optimal label complexity of O\\big( d \\cdot polylog( \\frac{1}{\\epsilon})\\big) and sample complexity of \\tilde{O}\\big( {\\epsilon} \\cdot polylog(d)} \\frac{d{\\epsilon} } \\big). Prior to this work, existing online algorithms designed for tolerating the adversarial noise are subject to either label complexity polynomial in \\frac{1}{\\epsilon}, or suboptimal noise tolerance, or restrictive marginal distributions. With the additional prior knowledge that the underlying halfspace is s-sparse, we obtain attribute-efficient label complexity of\\tilde{O}\\big( s \\cdot polylog(d, \\frac{1{\\epsilon}) }\\big) and sample complexity of\\tilde{O}\\big(\\frac{s{\\epsilon} \\cdot polylog(d) }\\big). As an immediate corollary , we show that under the }\\hspace{0pt}%DIFAUXCMD } agnostic model where no assumption is made on the noise rate \\nu , our active learner achieves an error rate of O(OPT) + \\epsilon with the same running time and label and sample complexity, where OPT is the best possible error rate achievable by any homogeneous halfspace .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "s-sparse", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 53, "end_char_pos": 61}, {"type": "D", "before": "\\mbox{%DIFAUXCMD kearns1992toward", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 103, "end_char_pos": 136}, {"type": "D", "before": "and the marginal distribution over unlabeled data is unchanged", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 217, "end_char_pos": 279}, {"type": "R", "before": "state-of-the-art", "after": "Perceptron-like", "start_char_pos": 309, "end_char_pos": 325}, {"type": "R", "before": "achieves near-optimal attribute efficiency, label and sample complexity under mild distributional assumptions. In particular, under", "after": "runs in polynomial time, and under", "start_char_pos": 364, "end_char_pos": 495}, {"type": "D", "before": "we show that", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 647, "end_char_pos": 659}, {"type": "D", "before": "in polynomial time", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 710, "end_char_pos": 728}, {"type": "D", "before": "bound", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 764, "end_char_pos": 769}, {"type": "R", "before": "s", "after": "d", "start_char_pos": 780, "end_char_pos": 781}, {"type": "D", "before": "d,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 797, "end_char_pos": 799}, {"type": "D", "before": "bound", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 847, "end_char_pos": 852}, {"type": "D", "before": "\\frac{s", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 871, "end_char_pos": 878}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\\frac{d", "start_char_pos": 907, "end_char_pos": 907}, {"type": "R", "before": "either subject to", "after": "subject to either", "start_char_pos": 1024, "end_char_pos": 1041}, {"type": "D", "before": "d or", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1073, "end_char_pos": 1077}, {"type": "R", "before": "work under the restrictive uniform marginal distribution.", "after": "suboptimal noise tolerance, or restrictive marginal distributions. With the additional prior knowledge that the underlying halfspace is s-sparse, we obtain attribute-efficient label complexity of", "start_char_pos": 1101, "end_char_pos": 1158}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "s \\cdot polylog(d, \\frac{1", "start_char_pos": 1173, "end_char_pos": 1173}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "and sample complexity of", "start_char_pos": 1192, "end_char_pos": 1192}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\\frac{s", "start_char_pos": 1206, "end_char_pos": 1206}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ".", "start_char_pos": 1240, "end_char_pos": 1240}, {"type": "D", "before": "of our main result", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1267, "end_char_pos": 1285}, {"type": "D", "before": "more challenging agnostic model \\mbox{%DIFAUXCMD \\cite{kearns1992toward", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1311, "end_char_pos": 1382}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "agnostic model", "start_char_pos": 1409, "end_char_pos": 1409}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\\nu", "start_char_pos": 1456, "end_char_pos": 1456}, {"type": "R", "before": "s-sparse halfspace. Our algorithm builds upon the celebrated Perceptron while leveraging novel localized sampling and semi-random gradient update to tolerate the adversarial noise. We believe that our algorithmic design and analysis are of independent interest, and may shed light on learning halfspaces with broader noise models", "after": "halfspace", "start_char_pos": 1654, "end_char_pos": 1983}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 281, 474, 926, 1158, 1184, 1673, 1834]} {"doc_id": "2012.11965", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "We study the question of when we can answer a Conjunctive Query (CQ) with an ordering over the answers by constructing a structure for direct (random) access to the sorted list of answers, without actually materializing this list, so that the construction time is linear (or quasilinear ) in the size of the database. In the absence of answer ordering, such a construction has been devised for the task of enumerating query answers of free-connex acyclic CQs, so that the access time is logarithmic. Moreover, it follows from past results that within the class of CQs without self-joins, being free-connex acyclic is necessary for the existence of such a construction (under conventional assumptions in fine-grained complexity). In this work, we embark on the challenge of identifying the answer orderings that allow for ranked direct access with the above complexity guarantees. We begin with the class of lexicographic orderings and give a decidable characterization of the class of feasible such orderings for every CQ without self-joins. We then continue to the more general case of orderings by the sum of attribute scores. As it turns out, in this case ranked direct access is feasible only in trivial cases. Hence, to better understand the computational challenge at hand, we consider the more modest task of providing access to only one single answer (i.e., finding the answer at a given position) . We indeed achieve a quasilinear-time algorithm for a subset of the class of full CQs without self-joins, by adopting a solution of Frederickson and Johnson to the classic problem of selection over sorted matrices. We further prove that none of the other queries in this class admit such an algorithm.", "after_revision": "We study the question of when we can provide logarithmic-time direct access to the k-th answer to a Conjunctive Query (CQ) with a specified ordering over the answers , following a preprocessing step that constructs a data structure in time quasilinear in the size of the database. Specifically, we embark on the challenge of identifying the tractable answer orderings that allow for ranked direct access with such complexity guarantees. We begin with lexicographic orderings and give a decidable characterization (under conventional complexity assumptions) of the class of tractable lexicographic orderings for every CQ without self-joins. We then continue to the more general orderings by the sum of attribute weights and show for it that ranked direct access is tractable only in trivial cases. Hence, to better understand the computational challenge at hand, we consider the more modest task of providing access to only a single answer (i.e., finding the answer at a given position) - a task that we refer to as the selection problem . We indeed achieve a quasilinear-time algorithm for a subset of the class of full CQs without self-joins, by adopting a solution of Frederickson and Johnson to the classic problem of selection over sorted matrices. We further prove that none of the other queries in this class admit such an algorithm.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "answer", "after": "provide logarithmic-time direct access to the k-th answer to", "start_char_pos": 37, "end_char_pos": 43}, {"type": "R", "before": "an", "after": "a specified", "start_char_pos": 74, "end_char_pos": 76}, {"type": "R", "before": "by constructing a structure for direct (random) access to the sorted list of answers, without actually materializing this list, so that the construction time is linear (or quasilinear )", "after": ", following a preprocessing step that constructs a data structure in time quasilinear", "start_char_pos": 103, "end_char_pos": 288}, {"type": "R", "before": "In the absence of answer ordering, such a construction has been devised for the task of enumerating query answers of free-connex acyclic CQs, so that the access time is logarithmic. Moreover, it follows from past results that within the class of CQs without self-joins, being free-connex acyclic is necessary for the existence of such a construction (under conventional assumptions in fine-grained complexity). In this work,", "after": "Specifically,", "start_char_pos": 318, "end_char_pos": 742}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "tractable", "start_char_pos": 789, "end_char_pos": 789}, {"type": "R", "before": "the above", "after": "such", "start_char_pos": 848, "end_char_pos": 857}, {"type": "D", "before": "the class of", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 895, "end_char_pos": 907}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "(under conventional complexity assumptions)", "start_char_pos": 970, "end_char_pos": 970}, {"type": "R", "before": "feasible such", "after": "tractable lexicographic", "start_char_pos": 987, "end_char_pos": 1000}, {"type": "D", "before": "case of", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1081, "end_char_pos": 1088}, {"type": "R", "before": "scores. As it turns out, in this case", "after": "weights and show for it that", "start_char_pos": 1123, "end_char_pos": 1160}, {"type": "R", "before": "feasible", "after": "tractable", "start_char_pos": 1185, "end_char_pos": 1193}, {"type": "R", "before": "one", "after": "a", "start_char_pos": 1343, "end_char_pos": 1346}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "- a task that we refer to as the selection problem", "start_char_pos": 1408, "end_char_pos": 1408}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 317, 499, 728, 880, 1043, 1130, 1216, 1410, 1624]} {"doc_id": "2012.12803", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Recent work of Erlingsson, Feldman, Mironov, Raghunathan, Talwar, and Thakurta [EFMRTT19] demonstrates that random shuffling of input data amplifies differential privacy guarantees . Such amplification leads to substantially stronger privacy guarantees for systems in which data is contributed anonymously [BEMMRLRKTS17] and for the analysis of noisy stochastic gradient descent . We show that an \\varepsilon_0-locally differentially private algorithm, under shuffling with n users, amplifies to a (\\Theta ((1-e^{-\\varepsilon_0})\\frac{e^{\\varepsilon_0\\log(1/\\delta)}{n}}), \\delta) -central differential privacy guarantee . This significantly improves over previous work and achieves the asymptotically optimal dependence on \\varepsilon_0. Our result is based on a new approach that is simpler than previous work and extends to approximate differential privacy with nearly the same guarantees. Our work also yields an empirical method to derive tighter bounds on the central \\varepsilon and we show that it gets to within a small constant factor of the correct bound. As a direct corollary of our analysis we derive a simple and asymptotically optimal algorithm for discrete distribution estimation in the shuffle model of privacy CSUZZ19 .", "after_revision": "Recent work of Erlingsson, Feldman, Mironov, Raghunathan, Talwar, and Thakurta [EFMRTT19] demonstrates that random shuffling amplifies differential privacy guarantees of locally randomized data . Such amplification implies substantially stronger privacy guarantees for systems in which data is contributed anonymously [BEMMRLRKTS17] and has lead to significant interest in the shuffle model of privacy CSUZZ19,EFMRTT19 . We show that random shuffling of n data records that are input to \\varepsilon_0-differentially private local randomizers results in an (O ((1-e^{-\\varepsilon_0})\\frac{e^{\\varepsilon_0\\log(1/\\delta)}{n}}), \\delta) -differentially private algorithm . This significantly improves over previous work and achieves the asymptotically optimal dependence in \\varepsilon_0. Our result is based on a new approach that is simpler than previous work and extends to approximate differential privacy with nearly the same guarantees. Our work also yields an empirical method to derive tighter bounds the resulting \\varepsilon and we show that it gets to within a small constant factor of the optimal bound. As a direct corollary of our analysis , we derive a simple and asymptotically optimal algorithm for discrete distribution estimation in the shuffle model of privacy . We also observe that our result implies the first asymptotically optimal privacy analysis of noisy stochastic gradient descent that applies to sampling without replacement .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "of input data", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 125, "end_char_pos": 138}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "of locally randomized data", "start_char_pos": 181, "end_char_pos": 181}, {"type": "R", "before": "leads to", "after": "implies", "start_char_pos": 203, "end_char_pos": 211}, {"type": "R", "before": "for the analysis of noisy stochastic gradient descent", "after": "has lead to significant interest in the shuffle model of privacy", "start_char_pos": 326, "end_char_pos": 379}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "CSUZZ19,EFMRTT19", "start_char_pos": 380, "end_char_pos": 380}, {"type": "R", "before": "an \\varepsilon_0-locally differentially private algorithm, under shuffling with n users, amplifies to a (\\Theta", "after": "random shuffling of n data records that are input to \\varepsilon_0-differentially private local randomizers results in an (O", "start_char_pos": 396, "end_char_pos": 507}, {"type": "R", "before": "-central differential privacy guarantee", "after": "-differentially private algorithm", "start_char_pos": 583, "end_char_pos": 622}, {"type": "R", "before": "on", "after": "in", "start_char_pos": 723, "end_char_pos": 725}, {"type": "R", "before": "on the central", "after": "the resulting", "start_char_pos": 961, "end_char_pos": 975}, {"type": "R", "before": "correct", "after": "optimal", "start_char_pos": 1054, "end_char_pos": 1061}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1107, "end_char_pos": 1107}, {"type": "R", "before": "CSUZZ19", "after": ". We also observe that our result implies the first asymptotically optimal privacy analysis of noisy stochastic gradient descent that applies to sampling without replacement", "start_char_pos": 1233, "end_char_pos": 1240}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 183, 382, 624, 740, 894, 1068]} {"doc_id": "2012.14353", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Exponential growths of social media and micro-blogging sites not only provide platforms for empowering freedom of expressions and individual voices, but also enables people to express anti-social behavior like online harassment, cyberbullying, and hate speech. Numerous works have been proposed to utilize these data for social and anti-social behavior analysis, by predicting the contexts mostly for highly-resourced languages like English. However, some languages such as Bengali are under-resourced that lack of computational resources for natural language processing (NLP). In this paper, we propose an explainable approach for hate speech detection from under-resourced Bengali language, which we called DeepHateExplainer. In our approach, Bengali texts are first comprehensively preprocessed, before classifying them into political, personal, geopolitical, and religious hates, by employing neural ensemble of different transformer-based neural architectures (i.e., monolingual Bangla BERT-base, multilingual BERT-cased and uncased, and XLM-RoBERTa) , followed by identifying important terms with sensitivity analysis and layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) to provide human-interpretable explanations. Evaluations against several machine learning ~ (linear and tree-based models) and deep neural networks (i.e., CNN, Bi-LSTM, and Conv-LSTM with word embeddings) baselines yield F1 scores of 84\\%, 90\\%, 88\\%, and 88\\%, for political, personal, geopolitical, and religious hates, respectively, during 3-fold cross-validation tests .", "after_revision": "The exponential growths of social media and micro-blogging sites not only provide platforms for empowering freedom of expression and individual voices, but also enables people to express anti-social behavior like online harassment, cyberbullying, and hate speech. Numerous works have been proposed to utilize the textual data for social and anti-social behavior analysis, by predicting the contexts mostly for highly-resourced languages like English. However, some languages are under-resourced , e.g., South Asian languages like Bengali, that lack computational resources for accurate natural language processing (NLP). In this paper, we propose an explainable approach for hate speech detection from the under-resourced Bengali language, which we called DeepHateExplainer. In our approach, Bengali texts are first comprehensively preprocessed, before classifying them into political, personal, geopolitical, and religious hates, by employing the neural ensemble method of different transformer-based neural architectures (i.e., monolingual Bangla BERT-base, multilingual BERT-cased / uncased, and XLM-RoBERTa) . Subsequently, important (most and least) terms are identified with sensitivity analysis and layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) , before providing human-interpretable explanations. Finally, to measure the quality of the explanation (i.e., faithfulness), we compute the comprehensiveness and sufficiency. Evaluations against machine learning (linear and tree-based models) and deep neural networks (i.e., CNN, Bi-LSTM, and Conv-LSTM with word embeddings) baselines yield F1 scores of 84\\%, 90\\%, 88\\%, and 88\\%, for political, personal, geopolitical, and religious hates, respectively, outperforming both ML and DNN baselines .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Exponential", "after": "The exponential", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 11}, {"type": "R", "before": "expressions", "after": "expression", "start_char_pos": 114, "end_char_pos": 125}, {"type": "R", "before": "these", "after": "the textual", "start_char_pos": 306, "end_char_pos": 311}, {"type": "D", "before": "such as Bengali", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 466, "end_char_pos": 481}, {"type": "R", "before": "that lack of", "after": ", e.g., South Asian languages like Bengali, that lack", "start_char_pos": 502, "end_char_pos": 514}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "accurate", "start_char_pos": 543, "end_char_pos": 543}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 660, "end_char_pos": 660}, {"type": "R", "before": "neural ensemble", "after": "the neural ensemble method", "start_char_pos": 899, "end_char_pos": 914}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": "/", "start_char_pos": 1028, "end_char_pos": 1031}, {"type": "R", "before": ", followed by identifying important terms", "after": ". Subsequently, important (most and least) terms are identified", "start_char_pos": 1058, "end_char_pos": 1099}, {"type": "R", "before": "to provide", "after": ", before providing", "start_char_pos": 1169, "end_char_pos": 1179}, {"type": "R", "before": "Evaluations against several machine learning ~", "after": "Finally, to measure the quality of the explanation (i.e., faithfulness), we compute the comprehensiveness and sufficiency. Evaluations against machine learning", "start_char_pos": 1214, "end_char_pos": 1260}, {"type": "R", "before": "during 3-fold cross-validation tests", "after": "outperforming both ML and DNN baselines", "start_char_pos": 1505, "end_char_pos": 1541}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 260, 441, 578, 729, 1213]} {"doc_id": "2012.15671", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "It is well accepted that the choice of token vocabulary largely affects the performance of machine translation. However, due to expensive trial costs, most studies only conduct simple trials with dominant approaches (e.g BPE) and commonly used vocabulary sizes. In this paper, we find an exciting relation between an information-theoretic feature and BLEU scores. With thisobservation , we formulate the quest of vocabularization -- finding the best token dictionary with a proper size -- as an optimal transport problem.We then propose VOLT, a simple and efficient vocabularization solution without the full and costly trial training. We evaluate our approach on multiple machine translation tasks, including WMT-14 English-German translation, TED bilingual translation, and TED multilingual translation. Empirical results show that VOLT beats widely-used vocabularies on diverse scenarios . For example, VOLT achieves 70\\% vocabulary size reduction and 0.6 BLEU gain on English-German translation. Also, one advantage of VOLT lies in its low resource consumption. Compared to naive BPE-search, VOLT reduces the search time from 288 GPU hours to 0.5 CPU hours .", "after_revision": "The choice of token vocabulary affects the performance of machine translation. This paper aims to figure out what is a good vocabulary and whether one can find the optimal vocabulary without trial training. To answer these questions, we first provide an alternative understanding of the role of vocabulary from the perspective of information theory. Motivated by this , we formulate the quest of vocabularization -- finding the best token dictionary with a proper size -- as an optimal transport (OT) problem.We We propose VOLT, a simple and efficient solution without trial training. Empirical results show that VOLT outperforms widely-used vocabularies in diverse scenarios, including WMT-14 English-German and TED's 52 translation directions . For example, VOLT achieves 70\\% vocabulary size reduction and 0.5 BLEU gain on English-German translation. Also, compared to BPE-search, VOLT reduces the search time from 384 GPU hours to 30 GPU hours on English-German translation. Codes are available at URL .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "It is well accepted that the", "after": "The", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 28}, {"type": "D", "before": "largely", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 56, "end_char_pos": 63}, {"type": "R", "before": "However, due to expensive trial costs, most studies only conduct simple trials with dominant approaches (e.g BPE) and commonly used vocabulary sizes. In this paper, we find an exciting relation between an information-theoretic feature and BLEU scores. With thisobservation", "after": "This paper aims to figure out what is a good vocabulary and whether one can find the optimal vocabulary without trial training. To answer these questions, we first provide an alternative understanding of the role of vocabulary from the perspective of information theory. Motivated by this", "start_char_pos": 112, "end_char_pos": 384}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "(OT)", "start_char_pos": 513, "end_char_pos": 513}, {"type": "R", "before": "then", "after": "We", "start_char_pos": 525, "end_char_pos": 529}, {"type": "R", "before": "vocabularization solution without the full and costly", "after": "solution without", "start_char_pos": 567, "end_char_pos": 620}, {"type": "D", "before": "We evaluate our approach on multiple machine translation tasks, including WMT-14 English-German translation, TED bilingual translation, and TED multilingual translation.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 637, "end_char_pos": 806}, {"type": "R", "before": "beats", "after": "outperforms", "start_char_pos": 840, "end_char_pos": 845}, {"type": "R", "before": "on diverse scenarios", "after": "in diverse scenarios, including WMT-14 English-German and TED's 52 translation directions", "start_char_pos": 871, "end_char_pos": 891}, {"type": "R", "before": "0.6", "after": "0.5", "start_char_pos": 956, "end_char_pos": 959}, {"type": "R", "before": "one advantage of VOLT lies in its low resource consumption. Compared to naive", "after": "compared to", "start_char_pos": 1007, "end_char_pos": 1084}, {"type": "R", "before": "288", "after": "384", "start_char_pos": 1131, "end_char_pos": 1134}, {"type": "R", "before": "0.5 CPU hours", "after": "30 GPU hours on English-German translation. Codes are available at URL", "start_char_pos": 1148, "end_char_pos": 1161}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 111, 261, 363, 522, 636, 806, 893, 1000, 1066]} {"doc_id": "2012.15699", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Pre-trained language models (PLMs) fail miserably on adversarial attacks. To improve the robustness, adversarial data augmentation (ADA) has been widely adopted , which attempts to cover more search space of adversarial attacks by adding the adversarial examples during training. However, the number of adversarial examples added by ADA is extremely insufficient due to the enormously large search space. In this work, we propose a simple and effective method to cover much larger proportion of the attack search space, called Adversarial Data Augmentation with Mixup (MixADA ). Specifically, MixADA linearly interpolates the representations of pairs of training examples to form new virtual samples, which are more abundant and diverse than the discrete adversarial examples used in conventional ADA. Moreover, to evaluate the robustness of different models fairly , we adopt a challenging setup, which dynamically generates new adversarial examples for each model. In the text classification experiments of BERT and RoBERTa, MixADA achieves significant robustness gains under two strong adversarial attacks and alleviates the performance degradation of ADA on the original data. Our source codes will be released to support further explorations .", "after_revision": "Pretrained language models (PLMs) perform poorly under adversarial attacks. To improve the adversarial robustness, adversarial data augmentation (ADA) has been widely adopted to cover more search space of adversarial attacks by adding textual adversarial examples during training. However, the number of adversarial examples for text augmentation is still extremely insufficient due to the exponentially large attack search space. In this work, we propose a simple and effective method to cover a much larger proportion of the attack search space, called Adversarial and Mixup Data Augmentation (AMDA ). Specifically, AMDA linearly interpolates the representations of pairs of training samples to form new virtual samples, which are more abundant and diverse than the discrete text adversarial examples in conventional ADA. Moreover, to fairly evaluate the robustness of different models , we adopt a challenging evaluation setup, which generates a new set of adversarial examples targeting each model. In text classification experiments of BERT and RoBERTa, AMDA achieves significant robustness gains under two strong adversarial attacks and alleviates the performance degradation of ADA on the clean data. 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This in turn increases the vulnerability of the system . However, with the increasing frequency of extreme events, resilience has now become an important consideration. Resilience quantifies the ability of the system to absorb and recover from extreme conditions. Graph theory is a widely used framework for modeling complex engineered systems to evaluate their resilience to attacks. Most existing methods in resilience analysis are based on an iterative approach that explores each node/link of a graph . These methods suffer from high computational complexity and the resulting analysis is network specific. To address these challenges, we propose a graph neural network (GNN) based framework for approximating node resilience in large complex networks. The proposed framework defines a GNN model that learns the node rank on a small representative subset of nodes . Then, the trained model can be employed to predict the ranks of unseen nodes in similar types of graphs . The scalability of the framework is demonstrated through the prediction of node ranks in real-world graphs . The proposed approach is accurate in approximating the node resilience scores and offers a significant computational advantage over conventional approaches.", "after_revision": "Identifying critical nodes and links in graphs is a crucial task. These nodes/links typically represent critical elements/communication links that play a key role in a system's performance . However, a majority of the methods available in the literature on the identification of critical nodes/links are based on an iterative approach that explores each node/link of a graph at a time, repeating for all nodes/links in the graph. Such methods suffer from high computational complexity and the resulting analysis is also network-specific. To overcome these challenges, this article proposes a scalable and generic graph neural network (GNN) based framework for identifying critical nodes/links in large complex networks. The proposed framework defines a GNN based model that learns the node /link criticality score on a small representative subset of nodes /links. An appropriately trained model can be employed to predict the scores of unseen nodes /links in large graphs and consequently identify the most critical ones . The scalability of the framework is demonstrated through prediction of nodes/links scores in large scale synthetic and real-world networks . The proposed approach is fairly accurate in approximating the criticality scores and offers a significant computational advantage over conventional approaches.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "The emphasis on optimal operations and efficiency has led to increased complexity in engineered systems. 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To address and combat this , the NLP community relies on a variety of metrics to identify and quantify bias in black-box modelsand to guide efforts at debiasing . Some of these metrics are intrinsic, and are measured in word embedding spaces, and some are extrinsic, which measure the bias present downstream in the tasks that the word embeddings are plugged into. This research examines whether easy-to-measure intrinsic metrics correlate well to real world extrinsic metrics . We measure both intrinsic and extrinsic bias across hundreds of trained models covering different tasks and experimental conditions and find that there is no reliable correlation between these metrics that holds in all scenarios across tasks and languages. We advise that efforts to debias embedding spaces be always also paired with measurement of downstream model bias, and suggest that that community increase effort into making downstream measurement more feasible via creation of additional challenge sets and annotated test data. We additionally release code, a new intrinsic metric, and an annotated test set for gender bias for hatespeech .", "after_revision": "Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems learn harmful societal biases that cause them to amplify inequality as they are deployed in more and more situations. To guide efforts at debiasing these systems , the NLP community relies on a variety of metrics that quantify bias in models . Some of these metrics are intrinsic, measuring bias in word embedding spaces, and some are extrinsic, measuring bias in downstream tasks that the word embeddings enable. Do these intrinsic and extrinsic metrics correlate with each other? We compare intrinsic and extrinsic metrics across hundreds of trained models covering different tasks and experimental conditions . Our results show no reliable correlation between these metrics that holds in all scenarios across tasks and languages. We urge researchers working on debiasing to focus on extrinsic measures of bias, and to make using these measures more feasible via creation of new challenge sets and annotated test data. To aid this effort, we release code, a new intrinsic metric, and an annotated test set focused on gender bias in hate speech .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "widely proliferate", "after": "amplify", "start_char_pos": 91, "end_char_pos": 109}, {"type": "R", "before": "address and combat this", "after": "guide efforts at debiasing these systems", "start_char_pos": 174, "end_char_pos": 197}, {"type": "R", "before": "to identify and", "after": "that", "start_char_pos": 249, "end_char_pos": 264}, {"type": "R", "before": "black-box modelsand to guide efforts at debiasing", "after": "models", "start_char_pos": 282, "end_char_pos": 331}, {"type": "R", "before": "and are measured", "after": "measuring bias", "start_char_pos": 371, "end_char_pos": 387}, {"type": "R", "before": "which measure the bias present downstream in the", "after": "measuring bias in downstream", "start_char_pos": 438, "end_char_pos": 486}, {"type": "R", "before": "are plugged into. 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However, their high model complexity requires enormous computation resources and extremely long training time for both pre-training and fine-tuning. Many works have studied model compression on large NLP models, but only focus on reducing inference cost/time , while still requiring expensive training process. Other works use extremely large batch sizes to shorten the pre-training time at the expense of high demand for computation resources . In this paper, inspired by the Early-Bird Lottery Tickets studied for computer vision tasks, we propose EarlyBERT, a general computationally-efficient training algorithm applicable to both pre-training and fine-tuning of large-scale language models. We are the first to identify structured winning tickets in the early stage of BERT training , and use them for efficient training. Comprehensive pre-training and fine-tuning experiments on GLUE and SQuAD downstream tasks show that EarlyBERT easily achieves comparable performance to standard BERT with 35~45\\% less training time. ", "after_revision": "Heavily overparameterized language models such as BERT, XLNet and T5 have achieved impressive success in many NLP tasks. However, their high model complexity requires enormous computation resources and extremely long training time for both pre-training and fine-tuning. Many works have studied model compression on large NLP models, but only focusing on reducing inference time while still requiring an expensive training process. Other works use extremely large batch sizes to shorten the pre-training time , at the expense of higher computational resource demands . In this paper, inspired by the Early-Bird Lottery Tickets recently studied for computer vision tasks, we propose EarlyBERT, a general computationally-efficient training algorithm applicable to both pre-training and fine-tuning of large-scale language models. By slimming the self-attention and fully-connected sub-layers inside a transformer, we are the first to identify structured winning tickets in the early stage of BERT training . We apply those tickets towards efficient BERT training, and conduct comprehensive pre-training and fine-tuning experiments on GLUE and SQuAD downstream tasks . Our results show that EarlyBERT achieves comparable performance to standard BERT , with 35~45\\% less training time. 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Graph neural networks (GNNs), one of the means to encode dependency graphs, has been shown effective in several prior works. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the receptive fields of GNNs, which can be crucial in tasks with extremely long text that go beyond single sentences and require discourse analysis . In this work, we leverage the idea of graph pooling and propose the Mirror Graph Convolution Network (MrGCN) , a GNN model with pooling-unpooling structures tailored to relation extraction . The pooling branch reduces the graph size and enables the GCN to obtain larger receptive fields within less layers; the unpooling branch restores the pooled graph to its original resolution such that token-level relation extraction can be performed . Experiments on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, showing significant improvements over previous results .", "after_revision": "The ability to capture complex linguistic structures and long-term dependencies among words in the passage is essential for relation extraction (RE) tasks . Graph neural networks (GNNs), one of the means to encode dependency graphs, have been shown to be effective in prior works. However, relatively little attention has been paid to receptive fields of GNNs, which can be crucial for tasks with extremely long text that requires discourse understanding . In this work, we leverage the idea of graph pooling and propose the Mirror Graph Convolution Network , a GNN model with a pooling-unpooling structure tailored to RE tasks . The pooling branch reduces the graph size and enables the GNN to obtain larger receptive fields within fewer layers; the unpooling branch restores the pooled graph to its original resolution for token-level RE tasks . Experiments on two discourse-level relation extraction datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, showing significant improvements over prior methods especially when modeling long-term dependencies is necessary. Moreover, we propose Clause Matching (CM), a novel graph pooling method that merges nodes based on dependency relations in graph. CM can largely reduce the graph size while retaining the main semantics of the input text .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "many natural language understanding tasks. 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Moreover, we propose Clause Matching (CM), a novel graph pooling method that merges nodes based on dependency relations in graph. CM can largely reduce the graph size while retaining the main semantics of the input text", "start_char_pos": 1198, "end_char_pos": 1214}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 166, 438, 642, 834, 950]} {"doc_id": "2101.01005", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "This paper is focused on a rigorous variant of the shear strength reduction method (SSR) and the corresponding determination of safety factors. The SSR-based safety factor is defined as a solution of an optimization problem that is independent of the plastic flow rule and the space discretization. In case of nonassociative plasticity, a modified Davis approach is used . The optimization problem is analyzed and the corresponding duality between the static and kinematic principles is derived. For numerical solution, a regularization method is introduced and a relation between the original and regularized problems is derived. The regularization method is combined with the finite element method, mesh adaptivity and a damped Newton method. In-house codes in Matlab are used for implementation of this solution concept. Two slope stability problems are considered, one of which follows from analysis of a real slope. Softwares Plaxis and Comsol Multiphysics are used for comparison of the results.", "after_revision": "This paper is focused on the definition, analysis and numerical solution of a new optimization variant (OPT) of the shear strength reduction (SSR) problem with applications to slope stability problems. This new variant is derived on the basis of recent results by Tschuchnigg et al. 2015, where limit analysis and a modified Davis approach were used for approximation of the standard SSR method. The OPT-SSR method computes the factor of safety without performing an elasto-plastic analysis, similarly as in limit analysis. It is shown that this optimization problem is well-defined. Next, the duality between the static and kinematic principles of OPT-SSR is derived. For the numerical solution, a regularization method is introduced and analyzed. This method is combined with the finite element method, mesh adaptivity and a damped Newton method. In-house codes (Matlab) are used for the implementation of this solution concept. Finally, two slope stability problems are considered, one of which follows from analysis of a real slope. 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We design Troupe a scalable algorithm that designates payoffs to individual models based on the Shapley value of those in the ensemble game. We show that the approximate Shapley value of classifiers in these games is an adequate measure for selecting a subgroup of highly predictive models . In addition, we introduce the Shapley entropy a new metric to quantify the heterogeneity of machine learning ensembles when it comes to model quality. We analytically prove that our Shapley value approximation algorithm is accurate and scales to large ensembles and big data. Experimental results on graph classification tasks establish that Troupe gives precise estimates of the Shapley value in ensemble games. We demonstrate that the Shapley value can be used for pruning large ensembles, show that complex classifiers have a prime role in correct and incorrect classification decisions, and provide evidence that adversarial models receive a low valuation .", "after_revision": "What is the value of an individual model in an ensemble of binary classifiers? We answer this question by introducing a class of transferable utility cooperative games calledensemble games. In machine learning ensembles, pre-trained models cooperate to make classification decisions. To quantify the importance of models in these ensemble games, we defineTroupe -- an efficient algorithm which allocates payoffs based on approximate Shapley values of the classifiers. We argue that the Shapley value of models in these games is an effective decision metric for choosing a high performing subset of models from the ensemble. Our analytical findings prove that our Shapley value estimation scheme is precise and scalable; its performance increases with size of the dataset and ensemble. Empirical results on real world graph classification tasks demonstrate that our algorithm produces high quality estimates of the Shapley value . We find that Shapley values can be utilized for ensemble pruning, and that adversarial models receive a low valuation . Complex classifiers are frequently found to be responsible for both correct and incorrect classification decisions .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "How do we decide the fair value of individual classifiers", "after": "What is the value of an individual model", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 57}, {"type": "R", "before": "model? We introduce a new", "after": "of binary classifiers? We answer this question by introducing a", "start_char_pos": 73, "end_char_pos": 98}, {"type": "R", "before": "to answer this question. 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To quantify the importance of models in these ensemble games, we define", "start_char_pos": 218, "end_char_pos": 480}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Troupe", "start_char_pos": 480, "end_char_pos": 480}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "-- an efficient algorithm which allocates payoffs based on approximate Shapley values of the classifiers. We argue that the", "start_char_pos": 481, "end_char_pos": 481}, {"type": "R", "before": "classifiers", "after": "models", "start_char_pos": 499, "end_char_pos": 510}, {"type": "R", "before": "adequate measure for selecting a subgroup of highly predictive models . In addition, we introduce the Shapley entropy a new metric to quantify the heterogeneity of machine learning ensembles when it comes to model quality. We analytically", "after": "effective decision metric for choosing a high performing subset of models from the ensemble. Our analytical findings", "start_char_pos": 532, "end_char_pos": 770}, {"type": "R", "before": "approximation algorithm is accurate and scales to large ensembles and big data. Experimental results on", "after": "estimation scheme is precise and scalable; its performance increases with size of the dataset and ensemble. Empirical results on real world", "start_char_pos": 800, "end_char_pos": 903}, {"type": "R", "before": "establish that Troupe gives precise", "after": "demonstrate that our algorithm produces high quality", "start_char_pos": 931, "end_char_pos": 966}, {"type": "R", "before": "in ensemble games. We demonstrate that the Shapley value can be used for pruning large ensembles, show that complex classifiers have a prime role in correct and incorrect classification decisions, and provide evidence", "after": ". We find that Shapley values can be utilized for ensemble pruning, and", "start_char_pos": 998, "end_char_pos": 1215}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ". Complex classifiers are frequently found to be responsible for both correct and incorrect classification decisions", "start_char_pos": 1264, "end_char_pos": 1264}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 79, 171, 310, 451, 603, 754, 879, 1016]} {"doc_id": "2101.03280", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Node attributes are ubiquitous in real-world networks, whose fusion with graph topology raises new challenges for the detection and understanding of community structure. Due to their principled characterization and interpretation , probabilistic generative models (PGMs) have become the mainstream methods for community detection in attributed networks. Most existing PGMs require the attributes to be categorical or Gaussian distributed. A novel PGM is proposed here to overcome these limitations. For the generality of our model, we consider the impact of the distances between attributes on node popularity , whose description raises the model selection problem in statistical inference. We present a novel scheme to address this issue by analyzing the detectability of communities for our model , which is also a quantitative description on the effect of node attributes with respect to communities . With the model determined, an efficient algorithm is then developed to estimate the parameters and infer the communities. Extensive experiments have been conducted to validate our work from two aspects. First, the experiments on artificial networks verified the detectability condition for our model . Second, the comparison on various real-world datasets shows that our algorithm outperforms the competitive methods .", "after_revision": "As a fundamental structure in real-world networks, communities can be reflected by abundant node attributes with the fusion of graph topology. In attribute-aware community detection , probabilistic generative models (PGMs) have become the mainstream fusion method due to their principled characterization and interpretation. Here, we propose a novel PGM without imposing any distributional assumptions on attributes, which is superior to existing PGMs that require attributes to be categorical or Gaussian distributed. Based on the famous block model of graph structure, our model fuses the attribute by describing its effect on node popularity using an additional term. To characterize the effect quantitatively, we analyze the detectability of communities for the proposed model and then establish the requirements of the attribute-popularity term, which leads to a new scheme for the model selection problem in attribute-aware community detection . With the model determined, an efficient algorithm is developed to estimate the parameters and to infer the communities. The proposed method is validated from two aspects. First, the effectiveness of our algorithm is theoretically guaranteed by the detectability condition , whose correctness is verified by numerical experiments on artificial graphs . Second, extensive experiments show that our method outperforms the competing approaches on a variety of real-world networks .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Node attributes are ubiquitous", "after": "As a fundamental structure", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 30}, {"type": "R", "before": "whose fusion with graph topology raises new challenges for the detection and understanding of community structure. Due to their principled characterization and interpretation", "after": "communities can be reflected by abundant node attributes with the fusion of graph topology. In attribute-aware community detection", "start_char_pos": 55, "end_char_pos": 229}, {"type": "R", "before": "methods for community detection in attributed networks. Most existing PGMs require the", "after": "fusion method due to their principled characterization and interpretation. Here, we propose a novel PGM without imposing any distributional assumptions on attributes, which is superior to existing PGMs that require", "start_char_pos": 298, "end_char_pos": 384}, {"type": "R", "before": "A novel PGM is proposed here to overcome these limitations. For the generality of our model, we consider the impact of the distances between attributes", "after": "Based on the famous block model of graph structure, our model fuses the attribute by describing its effect", "start_char_pos": 439, "end_char_pos": 590}, {"type": "R", "before": ", whose description raises the model selection problem in statistical inference. We present a novel scheme to address this issue by analyzing the", "after": "using an additional term. To characterize the effect quantitatively, we analyze the", "start_char_pos": 610, "end_char_pos": 755}, {"type": "R", "before": "our model , which is also a quantitative description on the effect of node attributes with respect to communities", "after": "the proposed model and then establish the requirements of the attribute-popularity term, which leads to a new scheme for the model selection problem in attribute-aware community detection", "start_char_pos": 789, "end_char_pos": 902}, {"type": "D", "before": "then", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 958, "end_char_pos": 962}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "to", "start_char_pos": 1004, "end_char_pos": 1004}, {"type": "R", "before": "Extensive experiments have been conducted to validate our work", "after": "The proposed method is validated", "start_char_pos": 1028, "end_char_pos": 1090}, {"type": "R", "before": "experiments on artificial networks verified", "after": "effectiveness of our algorithm is theoretically guaranteed by", "start_char_pos": 1120, "end_char_pos": 1163}, {"type": "R", "before": "for our model", "after": ", whose correctness is verified by numerical experiments on artificial graphs", "start_char_pos": 1192, "end_char_pos": 1205}, {"type": "R", "before": "the comparison on various", "after": "extensive experiments show that our method outperforms the competing approaches on a variety of", "start_char_pos": 1216, "end_char_pos": 1241}, {"type": "R", "before": "datasets shows that our algorithm outperforms the competitive methods", "after": "networks", "start_char_pos": 1253, "end_char_pos": 1322}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 169, 353, 438, 498, 690, 904, 1027, 1108, 1207]} {"doc_id": "2101.04914", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "We revisit the randomized incremental construction of the Trapezoidal Search DAG (TSD) for a set of{\\cal n non-crossing segments, e.g. edges from planar subdivisions. It is well known that this point location structure has {\\cal O}(n) expected size and {\\cal O} (n \\ln n) expected construction time. Our main result is an improved tail bound, with exponential decay, for the size of the TSD: There is a constant such that the probability for a TSD to exceed its expected size by more than this factor is at most 1/e^n.This yields improved bounds on the TSD construction and their maintenance.I.e. TSD construction takes with high probability {\\cal O}( n \\ln n) time and TSD size can be made worst case {\\cal O}(n) with an expected rebuild cost of {\\cal O}( 1). The proposed analysis technique also shows that the expected depth is {\\cal O}( \\ln n ), which partially solves a recent conjecture by\\emph{ [ Hemmer et al. that is used in the CGAL implementation of the TSD [ .", "after_revision": "The Randomized Incremental Construction (RIC) of search DAGs for point location in planar subdivisions, nearest-neighbor search in 2D points, and extreme point search in 3D convex hulls, are well known to take{\\cal O ( n \\log n) expected time for structures of {\\cal O}(n) expected size. Moreover, searching takes w.h.p. {\\cal O} (\\log n) comparisons in the first and w.h.p. {\\cal O}( \\log^2 n) comparisons in the latter two DAGs. However, the expected depth of the DAGs and high probability bounds for their size are unknown. Using a novel analysis technique, we show that the three DAGs have w.h.p. i) a size of {\\cal O}(n) , ii) a depth of {\\cal O}( \\log n), and iii) a construction time of {\\cal O}( n \\log n). One application of these new and improved results are\\emph{remarkably simple Las Vegas verifiers to obtain search DAGs with optimal worst-case bounds. This positively answers the conjectured logarithmic search cost in the DAG of Delaunay triangulations[Guibas et al.; ICALP 1990 and a conjecture on the depth of the DAG of Trapezoidal subdivisions Hemmer et al. ; ESA 2012 . It also shows that history-based RIC circumvents a lower bound on runtime tail estimates of conflict-graph RICs[Sen; STACS 2019 .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "We revisit the randomized incremental construction of the Trapezoidal Search DAG (TSD) for a set of", "after": "The Randomized Incremental Construction (RIC) of search DAGs for point location in planar subdivisions, nearest-neighbor search in 2D points, and extreme point search in 3D convex hulls, are well known to take", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 99}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "O", "start_char_pos": 105, "end_char_pos": 105}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "(", "start_char_pos": 106, "end_char_pos": 106}, {"type": "R", "before": "non-crossing segments, e.g. edges from planar subdivisions. It is well known that this point location structure has", "after": "\\log n) expected time for structures of", "start_char_pos": 109, "end_char_pos": 224}, {"type": "R", "before": "size and", "after": "size. Moreover, searching takes w.h.p.", "start_char_pos": 246, "end_char_pos": 254}, {"type": "R", "before": "(n \\ln n) expected construction time. Our main result is an improved tail bound, with exponential decay, for the size of the TSD: There is a constant such that the probability for a TSD to exceed its expected size by more than this factor is at most 1/e^n.This yields improved bounds on the TSD construction and their maintenance.I.e. TSD construction takes with high probability", "after": "(\\log n) comparisons in the first and w.h.p.", "start_char_pos": 264, "end_char_pos": 643}, {"type": "R", "before": "n \\ln n) time and TSD size can be made worst case", "after": "\\log^2 n) comparisons in the latter two DAGs. However, the expected depth of the DAGs and high probability bounds for their size are unknown. Using a novel analysis technique, we show that the three DAGs have w.h.p. i) a size of", "start_char_pos": 654, "end_char_pos": 703}, {"type": "R", "before": "with an expected rebuild cost", "after": ", ii) a depth", "start_char_pos": 716, "end_char_pos": 745}, {"type": "R", "before": "1). The proposed analysis technique also shows that the expected depth is", "after": "\\log n), and iii) a construction time of", "start_char_pos": 759, "end_char_pos": 832}, {"type": "R", "before": "\\ln n ), which partially solves a recent conjecture by", "after": "n \\log n). One application of these new and improved results are", "start_char_pos": 843, "end_char_pos": 897}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "remarkably simple", "start_char_pos": 903, "end_char_pos": 903}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Las Vegas verifiers to obtain search DAGs with optimal worst-case bounds. This positively answers the conjectured logarithmic search cost in the DAG of Delaunay triangulations", "start_char_pos": 904, "end_char_pos": 904}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Guibas et al.; ICALP 1990", "start_char_pos": 905, "end_char_pos": 905}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "and a conjecture on the depth of the DAG of Trapezoidal subdivisions", "start_char_pos": 906, "end_char_pos": 906}, {"type": "R", "before": "that is used in the CGAL implementation of the TSD", "after": "; ESA 2012", "start_char_pos": 921, "end_char_pos": 971}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ". It also shows that history-based RIC circumvents a lower bound on runtime tail estimates of conflict-graph RICs", "start_char_pos": 972, "end_char_pos": 972}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Sen; STACS 2019", "start_char_pos": 973, "end_char_pos": 973}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 168, 301, 520, 594, 762]} {"doc_id": "2101.07395", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The computation of probability density functions (PDF) using approximate maps (surrogate models) is a building block in such diverse fields as forward uncertainty quantification (UQ), sampling algorithms, learning, and inverse problems. In these settings, the probability measure of interest is induced by an unknown map from a known probability space to the real line, i. e., the measure of interest is a pushforward of another known measure. In computation, we do not know the true map , but only an approximate one. In the field of UQ, the{\\em generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC) method is widely popular and yields excellent approximations of the map and its moment . But can the pushforward PDF be approximated with spectral accuracy as well? In this paper, we prove the first results of this kind. We provide convergence rates for PDFs using colocation and Galerkin gPC methods in all dimensions , guaranteeing exponential rates for analytic maps . In one dimension, we provide more refined results with stronger convergence rates, as well as an alternative proof strategy based on optimal-transport techniques.", "after_revision": "The estimation of probability density functions (PDF) using approximate maps is a fundamental building block in computational probability. We consider forward problems in uncertainty quantification: the inputs or the parameters of an otherwise deterministic model are random with a known distribution. The scalar quantity of interest is a fixed function of the parameters, and can therefore be considered as a random variable as a well. Often, the quantity of interest map is not explicitly known, and so the computational problem is to find its ``right'' approximation (surrogate model). For the goal of approximating the{\\em moments of the quantity of interest, there is a developed body of research. One widely popular approach is generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC) and its many variants, which approximate moments with spectral accuracy . But can the PDF of the quantity of interest be approximated with spectral accuracy ? This is not directly implied by spectrally accurate moment estimation. In this paper, we prove convergence rates for PDFs using collocation and Galerkin gPC methods with Legendre polynomials in all dimensions . In particular, exponential convergence of the densities is guaranteed for analytic quantities of interest . In one dimension, we provide more refined results with stronger convergence rates, as well as an alternative proof strategy based on optimal-transport techniques.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "computation", "after": "estimation", "start_char_pos": 4, "end_char_pos": 15}, {"type": "R", "before": "(surrogate models) is a", "after": "is a fundamental", "start_char_pos": 78, "end_char_pos": 101}, {"type": "R", "before": "such diverse fields as forward uncertainty quantification (UQ), sampling algorithms, learning, and inverse problems. In these settings, the probability measure of interest is induced by an unknown map from a known probability space to the real line, i. e., the measure", "after": "computational probability. We consider forward problems in uncertainty quantification: the inputs or the parameters of an otherwise deterministic model are random with a known distribution. The scalar quantity", "start_char_pos": 120, "end_char_pos": 388}, {"type": "R", "before": "pushforward of another known measure. In computation, we do not know the true map , but only an approximate one. In the field of UQ, the", "after": "fixed function of the parameters, and can therefore be considered as a random variable as a well. Often, the quantity of interest map is not explicitly known, and so the computational problem is to find its ``right'' approximation (surrogate model). For the goal of approximating the", "start_char_pos": 406, "end_char_pos": 542}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "moments", "start_char_pos": 547, "end_char_pos": 547}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "of the quantity of interest, there is a developed body of research. One widely popular approach is", "start_char_pos": 548, "end_char_pos": 548}, {"type": "R", "before": "method is widely popular and yields excellent approximations of the map and its moment", "after": "and its many variants, which approximate moments with spectral accuracy", "start_char_pos": 584, "end_char_pos": 670}, {"type": "R", "before": "pushforward PDF", "after": "PDF of the quantity of interest", "start_char_pos": 685, "end_char_pos": 700}, {"type": "R", "before": "as well?", "after": "? This is not directly implied by spectrally accurate moment estimation.", "start_char_pos": 740, "end_char_pos": 748}, {"type": "D", "before": "the first results of this kind. We provide", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 773, "end_char_pos": 815}, {"type": "R", "before": "colocation", "after": "collocation", "start_char_pos": 849, "end_char_pos": 859}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "with Legendre polynomials", "start_char_pos": 885, "end_char_pos": 885}, {"type": "R", "before": ", guaranteeing exponential rates for analytic maps", "after": ". In particular, exponential convergence of the densities is guaranteed for analytic quantities of interest", "start_char_pos": 904, "end_char_pos": 954}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 236, 443, 518, 672, 748, 804, 956]} {"doc_id": "2101.07428", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "A highly desirable property of networks is robustness to failures. Consider a metric space (X, d_X ] ), a graph H over X is a \\vartheta-reliable t-spanner if, for every set of failed vertices B\\subset X, there is a superset B^+\\supseteq B such that the induced subgraph H }} [ X\\setminus B ] preserves all the distances between points in X\\setminus B^+ up to a stretch factor t, while the expected size of B^+ is as most (1+\\vartheta)|B|. Such a spanner could withstand a catastrophe: failureof even{\\em 90\\\\%DIF < of the network. Buchin, Har-Peled, and Ol{\\'{a}}h [2019,2020], constructed very sparse reliable spanners with stretch 1+\\epsilon for Euclidean space using locality-sensitive orderings. Har-Peled and Ol{\\'{a}}h [2020] constructed reliable spanners for various non-Euclidean metric spaces using sparse covers. However, this second approach has an inherent dependency on the aspect ratio (a.k.a. spread) and gives sub-optimal stretch and sparsity parameters. Our contribution is twofold: 1) We construct a locality-sensitive ordering for doubling metrics with a small number of orderings. As a corollary, we obtain reliable spanners for doubling metrics matching the sparsity parameters of known reliable spanners for Euclidean space. 2) We introduce new types of locality-sensitive orderings suitable for non-Euclidean metrics and construct such orderings for various metric families. We then construct reliable spanners from the newly introduced locality-sensitive orderings via reliable 2-hop spanners for paths. The number of edges in our spanner has no dependency on the spread.\\end{abstract} %DIF > of the nodes fail. In a follow-up work, Har-Peled, Mendel, and Ol{\\'{a}}h [2021] constructed reliable spanners for general and topologically structured metrics. Their construction used a different approach, and is based on sparse covers. In this paper, we develop the theory of LSO's to non-Euclidean metrics by introducing new types of LSO's suitable for general and topologically structured metrics. We then construct such LSO's, as well as constructing considerably improved LSO's for doubling metrics. Afterwards, we use our new LSO's to construct reliable spanners with improved stretch and sparsity parameters. Most prominently, we construct \\tilde{O}(n)-size reliable spanners for trees and planar graphs with the optimal stretch of 2. Along the way to the construction of LSO's and reliable spanners, we introduce and construct ultrametric covers, and construct 2-hop reliable spanners for the line.", "after_revision": "Chan, Har-Peled, and Jones 2020] recently developed locality-sensitive ordering (LSO ), a new tool that allows one to reduce problems in the Euclidean space \\mathbb{R \\'{a}}h [ 2019,2020 ] used the LSO of Chan{\\em et al. to construct very sparsereliable spanners for the Euclidean space. A highly desirable feature of a reliable spanner is its ability to withstand a massive failure: the network remains functioning even if 90\\\\%DIF < of the network. Buchin, Har-Peled, and Ol{\\'{a}}h [2019,2020], constructed very sparse reliable spanners with stretch 1+\\epsilon for Euclidean space using locality-sensitive orderings. Har-Peled and Ol{\\'{a}}h [2020] constructed reliable spanners for various non-Euclidean metric spaces using sparse covers. However, this second approach has an inherent dependency on the aspect ratio (a.k.a. spread) and gives sub-optimal stretch and sparsity parameters. Our contribution is twofold: 1) We construct a locality-sensitive ordering for doubling metrics with a small number of orderings. As a corollary, we obtain reliable spanners for doubling metrics matching the sparsity parameters of known reliable spanners for Euclidean space. 2) We introduce new types of locality-sensitive orderings suitable for non-Euclidean metrics and construct such orderings for various metric families. We then construct reliable spanners from the newly introduced locality-sensitive orderings via reliable 2-hop spanners for paths. The number of edges in our spanner has no dependency on the spread.\\end{abstract} %DIF > of the nodes fail. In a follow-up work, Har-Peled, Mendel, and Ol{\\'{a}}h [2021] constructed reliable spanners for general and topologically structured metrics. Their construction used a different approach, and is based on sparse covers. In this paper, we develop the theory of LSO's to non-Euclidean metrics by introducing new types of LSO's suitable for general and topologically structured metrics. We then construct such LSO's, as well as constructing considerably improved LSO's for doubling metrics. Afterwards, we use our new LSO's to construct reliable spanners with improved stretch and sparsity parameters. Most prominently, we construct \\tilde{O}(n)-size reliable spanners for trees and planar graphs with the optimal stretch of 2. Along the way to the construction of LSO's and reliable spanners, we introduce and construct ultrametric covers, and construct 2-hop reliable spanners for the line.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "A highly desirable property of networks is robustness to failures. Consider a metric space (X, d_X", "after": "Chan, Har-Peled, and Jones", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 98}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "2020", "start_char_pos": 99, "end_char_pos": 99}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "recently developed locality-sensitive ordering (LSO", "start_char_pos": 101, "end_char_pos": 101}, {"type": "R", "before": "graph H over X is a \\vartheta-reliable t-spanner if, for every set of failed vertices B\\subset X, there is a superset B^+\\supseteq B such that the induced subgraph H", "after": "new tool that allows one to reduce problems in the Euclidean space \\mathbb{R", "start_char_pos": 107, "end_char_pos": 272}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\\'{a", "start_char_pos": 273, "end_char_pos": 273}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "h", "start_char_pos": 275, "end_char_pos": 275}, {"type": "R", "before": "X\\setminus B", "after": "2019,2020", "start_char_pos": 278, "end_char_pos": 290}, {"type": "R", "before": "preserves all the distances between points in X\\setminus B^+ up to a stretch factor t, while the expected size of B^+ is as most (1+\\vartheta)|B|. Such a spanner could withstand a catastrophe: failureof even", "after": "used the LSO of Chan", "start_char_pos": 293, "end_char_pos": 500}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "et al.", "start_char_pos": 505, "end_char_pos": 505}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "to construct very sparse", "start_char_pos": 506, "end_char_pos": 506}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "reliable spanners", "start_char_pos": 506, "end_char_pos": 506}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "for the Euclidean space. A highly desirable feature of a reliable spanner is its ability to withstand a massive failure: the network remains functioning even if", "start_char_pos": 507, "end_char_pos": 507}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 66, 439, 534, 703, 826, 974, 1104, 1250, 1401, 1531, 1599, 1639, 1781, 1858, 2022, 2126, 2237]} {"doc_id": "2101.08750", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The QAnon conspiracy theory claims that a cabal of (literally) bloodthirsty politicians and media personalities are engaged in a war to destroy society. By interpreting cryptic \"drops\" of information from an anonymous insider calling themselves Q, adherents of the conspiracy theory believe that they are being led by Donald Trump in an active fight against this cabal. QAnon has been covered extensively by the media, as its adherents have been involved in multiple violent acts, including the January 6th, 2021 seditious storming of the US Capitol building. Nevertheless, we still have relatively little understanding of how the theory evolved and was spread on the Web, and the role played in that by multiple platforms. To address this gap, in this paper we study QAnon from the perspective of \"Q\" themself. Specifically, we build a dataset of 4,949 canonical Q drops collected from six \"aggregation sites,\" which curate and archive them from their original posting to anonymous and ephemeral image boards. We expose that these sites have a relatively low (overall) agreement, and thus at least some Q drops should probably be considered apocryphal. We then analyze the contents of the Q dropsthemselves, identifying topics of discussion , as well as finding statistically significant indications that drops were not authored by a single individual. Finally, we look at how posts on Reddit are used to disseminate Q drops to a wider audience . We find that dissemination was ( originally ) limited to a few sub-communities and that, while heavy-handed content moderation decisions have reduced the overall issue, the \"gospel\" of Q persists on Web communities .", "after_revision": "The QAnon conspiracy theory claims that a cabal of (literally) blood-thirsty politicians and media personalities are engaged in a war to destroy society. By interpreting cryptic \"drops\" of information from an anonymous insider calling themself Q, adherents of the conspiracy theory believe that Donald Trump is leading them in an active fight against this cabal. QAnon has been covered extensively by the media, as its adherents have been involved in multiple violent acts, including the January 6th, 2021 seditious storming of the US Capitol building. Nevertheless, we still have relatively little understanding of how the theory evolved and spread on the Web, and the role played in that by multiple platforms. To address this gap, we study QAnon from the perspective of \"Q\" themself. We build a dataset of 4,949 canonical Q drops collected from six \"aggregation sites,\" which curate and archive them from their original posting to anonymous and ephemeral image boards. We expose that these sites have a relatively low (overall) agreement, and thus at least some Q drops should probably be considered apocryphal. We then analyze the Q drops' contents to identify topics of discussion and find statistically significant indications that drops were not authored by a single individual. Finally, we look at how posts on Reddit are used to disseminate Q drops to wider audiences . We find that dissemination was ( initially ) limited to a few sub-communities and that, while heavy-handed moderation decisions have reduced the overall issue, the \"gospel\" of Q persists on the Web .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "bloodthirsty", "after": "blood-thirsty", "start_char_pos": 63, "end_char_pos": 75}, {"type": "R", "before": "themselves", "after": "themself", "start_char_pos": 234, "end_char_pos": 244}, {"type": "R", "before": "they are being led by Donald Trump", "after": "Donald Trump is leading them", "start_char_pos": 296, "end_char_pos": 330}, {"type": "D", "before": "was", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 650, "end_char_pos": 653}, {"type": "D", "before": "in this paper", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 745, "end_char_pos": 758}, {"type": "R", "before": "Specifically, we", "after": "We", "start_char_pos": 812, "end_char_pos": 828}, {"type": "R", "before": "contents of the Q dropsthemselves, identifying", "after": "Q drops' contents to identify", "start_char_pos": 1174, "end_char_pos": 1220}, {"type": "R", "before": ", as well as finding", "after": "and find", "start_char_pos": 1242, "end_char_pos": 1262}, {"type": "R", "before": "a wider audience", "after": "wider audiences", "start_char_pos": 1429, "end_char_pos": 1445}, {"type": "R", "before": "originally", "after": "initially", "start_char_pos": 1481, "end_char_pos": 1491}, {"type": "D", "before": "content", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1556, "end_char_pos": 1563}, {"type": "R", "before": "Web communities", "after": "the Web", "start_char_pos": 1647, "end_char_pos": 1662}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 152, 369, 559, 723, 811, 1010, 1153, 1353, 1447]} {"doc_id": "2101.11300", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "A k-apex graph is a graph with a subset of k vertices, called apices, whose removal makes the graph planar. We present an O(k ^2 n \\log^3 n )-time algorithm that, given a directed k-apex graph G with n vertices, arc capacities, a set of sources S and a set of sinksT, computes a maximum flow from S to T in G . This improves by a factor of k on the fastest algorithm previously known for this problem [ Borradaile et al., FOCS 2012, SICOMP 2017] . Our improvement is achieved by introducing a new variant of the push-relabel algorithm for computing maximum flows. We use our improved algorithm for maximum flow in k-apex graphs , together with additional insights, to obtain an O(k^3 n \\\\textrm{polylog (nC))-time algorithm for computing maximum integer flows in planar graphs with integer arc and vertex capacities bounded by C, and k sources and sinks. This improves by a factor of k^2 over the fastest algorithm previously known for this problem%DIFDELCMD < [%%% Wang, SODA 2019 .", "after_revision": "We give an O(k ^3 n \\polylog(nC) )-time algorithm for computing maximum integer flows in planar graphs with integer arc and vertex capacities bounded by C, and k sources and sinks . This improves by a factor of k ^2 over the fastest algorithm previously known for this problem [ Wang, SODA 2019 . The speedup is obtained by two independent ideas. First we replace an iterative procedure of Wang that uses k invocations of a maximum flow algorithm in a planar graph with k apices Borradaile et al., FOCS 2012, SICOMP 2017] , by an alternative procedure that only makes one invocation of the algorithm of Borradaile et al. Second, we introduce a new variant of the push-relabel algorithm of Goldberg and Tarjan and use it to find a maximum flow in the k-apex graphs \\textrm{ %DIFDELCMD < [%%% that arise in Wang's procedure, faster than the algorithm of Borradaile et al .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "A k-apex graph is a graph with a subset of k vertices, called apices, whose removal makes the graph planar. 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This improves by a factor of k^2 over the fastest algorithm previously known for this problem", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 706, "end_char_pos": 951}, {"type": "R", "before": "Wang, SODA 2019", "after": "that arise in Wang's procedure, faster than the algorithm of Borradaile et al", "start_char_pos": 969, "end_char_pos": 984}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 107, 449, 565, 857]} {"doc_id": "2101.11300", "revision_depth": "3", "before_revision": "We give an O(k^3 n \\polylog ( nC))-time algorithm for computing maximum integer flows in planar graphs with integer arc and vertex {\\em capacities bounded by C, and k sources and sinks. This improves by a factor of k^2 over the fastest algorithm previously known for this problem [Wang, SODA 2019]. The speedup is obtained by two independent ideas. First we replace an iterative procedure of Wang that uses k invocations of a maximum flow algorithm in a planar graph with k apices [Borradaile et al., FOCS 2012, SICOMP 2017], by an alternative procedure that only makes one invocation of the algorithm of Borradaile et al. Second, we introduce a new variant of the push-relabel algorithm of Goldberg and Tarjan and use it to find a maximum flow in the k-apex graphs that arise in Wang's procedure , faster than the algorithm of Borradaile et al .", "after_revision": "We give an O(k^3 n \\log n \\min(k,\\log^2 n) \\log^2( nC))-time algorithm for computing maximum integer flows in planar graphs with integer arc {\\em and vertex capacities bounded by C, and k sources and sinks. This improves by a factor of \\max(k^2,k\\log^2 n) over the fastest algorithm previously known for this problem [Wang, SODA 2019]. The speedup is obtained by two independent ideas. First we replace an iterative procedure of Wang that uses O(k) invocations of an O(k^3 n \\log^3 n)-time algorithm for maximum flow algorithm in a planar graph with k apices [Borradaile et al., FOCS 2012, SICOMP 2017], by an alternative procedure that only makes one invocation of the algorithm of Borradaile et al. Second, we show two alternatives for computing flows in the k-apex graphs that arise in our modification of Wang's procedure faster than the algorithm of Borradaile et al . In doing so, we introduce and analyze a sequential implementation of the parallel highest-distance push-relabel algorithm of Goldberg and Tarjan~ JACM 1988 .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "\\", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 19, "end_char_pos": 20}, {"type": "D", "before": "polylog", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 20, "end_char_pos": 27}, {"type": "R", "before": "(", "after": "\\log n \\min(k,\\log^2 n) \\log^2(", "start_char_pos": 28, "end_char_pos": 29}, {"type": "D", "before": "and vertex", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 120, "end_char_pos": 130}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "and vertex", "start_char_pos": 136, "end_char_pos": 136}, {"type": "R", "before": "k^2", "after": "\\max(k^2,k\\log^2 n)", "start_char_pos": 216, "end_char_pos": 219}, {"type": "R", "before": "k invocations of a", "after": "O(k) invocations of an O(k^3 n \\log^3 n)-time algorithm for", "start_char_pos": 408, "end_char_pos": 426}, {"type": "R", "before": "introduce a new variant of the push-relabel algorithm of Goldberg and Tarjan and use it to find a maximum flow", "after": "show two alternatives for computing flows", "start_char_pos": 635, "end_char_pos": 745}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "our modification of", "start_char_pos": 781, "end_char_pos": 781}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 799, "end_char_pos": 800}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ". In doing so, we introduce and analyze a sequential implementation of the parallel highest-distance push-relabel algorithm of Goldberg and Tarjan~", "start_char_pos": 847, "end_char_pos": 847}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "JACM 1988", "start_char_pos": 848, "end_char_pos": 848}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 186, 299, 349, 623]} {"doc_id": "2101.12158", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "We study full acyclic join queries with general join predicates that involve conjunctions and disjunctions of inequalities , focusing on ranked enumeration where the answers are returned incrementally in an order dictated by a given ranking function. Our approach offers strong time and space complexity guarantees in the standard RAM model of computation, getting surprisingly close to those of equi-joins. With n denoting the number of tuples in the database, we guarantee that for every value of k, the k top-ranked answers are returned in \\mathcal{O (n polylog n + k k) time and \\mathcal{O n + k) space . This is within a polylogarithmic factor of the best-known guarantee for equi-joins and even \\mathcal{O}(n+k), the time it takes to look at the input and output k answers . The key ingredient is an \\mathcal{O}(n \\operatorname{polylog} n)-size factorized representation of the query output, which is constructed on-the-fly for a given query and database. As a side benefit, our techniques are also applicable to unranked enumeration (where answers can be returned in any order) for joins with inequalities, returning k answers in \\mathcal{O(n }%DIFDELCMD < \\operatorname{polylog} %%% n + k). This guarantee improves over the state of the art for large values of k. In an experimental study , we show that our ranked-enumeration approach is not only theoretically interesting, but also fast and memory-efficient in practice .", "after_revision": "We study theta-joins in general and join predicates with conjunctions and disjunctions of inequalities in particular , focusing on ranked enumeration where the answers are returned incrementally in an order dictated by a given ranking function. Our approach achieves strong time and space complexity properties: with n denoting the number of tuples in the database, we guarantee for acyclic full join queries with inequality conditions that for every value of k, the k top-ranked answers are returned in O (n polylog n + k \\log k) time . This is within a polylogarithmic factor of the best known complexity for equi-joins and even of \\mathcal{O}(n+k), the time it takes to look at the input and return k answers in any order. Our guarantees extend to join queries with selections and many types of projections, such as the so-called free-connex queries. Remarkably, they hold even when the entire output is of size n^\\ell for a join of \\ell relations. The key ingredient is a novel \\mathcal{O}(n \\operatorname{polylog} n)-size factorized representation of the query output, which is constructed on-the-fly for a given query and database. (n }%DIFDELCMD < \\operatorname{polylog} %%% In addition to providing the first non-trivial theoretical guarantees beyond equi-joins, we show in an experimental study that our ranked-enumeration approach is also memory-efficient and fast in practice, beating the running time of state-of-the-art database systems by orders of magnitude .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "full acyclic join queries with general join predicates that involve", "after": "theta-joins in general and join predicates with", "start_char_pos": 9, "end_char_pos": 76}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "in particular", "start_char_pos": 123, "end_char_pos": 123}, {"type": "R", "before": "offers", "after": "achieves", "start_char_pos": 265, "end_char_pos": 271}, {"type": "R", "before": "guarantees in the standard RAM model of computation, getting surprisingly close to those of equi-joins. 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Our guarantees extend to join queries with selections and many types of projections, such as the so-called free-connex queries. Remarkably, they hold even when the entire output is of size n^\\ell for a join of \\ell relations.", "start_char_pos": 766, "end_char_pos": 784}, {"type": "R", "before": "an", "after": "a novel", "start_char_pos": 807, "end_char_pos": 809}, {"type": "D", "before": "As a side benefit, our techniques are also applicable to unranked enumeration (where answers can be returned in any order) for joins with inequalities, returning k answers in \\mathcal{O", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 966, "end_char_pos": 1151}, {"type": "R", "before": "n + k). This guarantee improves over the state of the art for large values of k. In", "after": "In addition to providing the first non-trivial theoretical guarantees beyond equi-joins, we show in", "start_char_pos": 1195, "end_char_pos": 1278}, {"type": "D", "before": ", we show", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1301, "end_char_pos": 1310}, {"type": "R", "before": "not only theoretically interesting, but also fast and", "after": "also", "start_char_pos": 1351, "end_char_pos": 1404}, {"type": "R", "before": "in practice", "after": "and fast in practice, beating the running time of state-of-the-art database systems by orders of magnitude", "start_char_pos": 1422, "end_char_pos": 1433}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 251, 408, 611, 784, 965, 1202, 1275]} {"doc_id": "2101.12262", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "A new class of measures of bivariate tail dependence is proposed, which is defined as a limit of a measure of concordance of the underlying copula restricted to the tail region of interest. The proposed tail dependence measures include tail dependence coefficients as special cases, but capture the extremal relationship between random variables not only along the diagonal but also along all the angles weighted by the so-called tail generating measure. As a result, the proposed tail dependence measures overcome the issue that the tail dependence coefficients underestimate the extent of extreme co-movements. We also consider the so-called maximal and minimal tail dependence measures , defined as the maximum and minimum of the tail dependence measures among all tail generating measures for a given copula. It turns out that the minimal tail dependence measure coincides with the tail dependence coefficient, and the maximal tail dependencemeasure overestimates the degree of extreme co-movements. We investigate properties, representations and examples of the proposed tail dependence measures , and their performance is demonstrated in a series of numerical experiments. For fair assessment of tail dependence and stability of estimation under small sample size, we support the use of tail dependence measures weighted over all angles compared with maximal and minimal ones .", "after_revision": "A new class of measures of bivariate tail dependence called tail concordance measures (TCMs) is proposed, which is defined as the limit of a measure of concordance of the underlying copula restricted to the tail region of interest. TCMs captures the extremal relationship between random variables not only along the diagonal but also along all angles weighted by a tail generating measure. Axioms of tail dependence measures are introduced, and TCMs are shown to characterize linear tail dependence measures . The infimum and supremum of TCMs over all generating measures are considered to investigate the issue of under- and overestimation of the degree of extreme co-movements. The infimum is shown to be attained by the classical tail dependence coefficient, and thus the classical notion always underestimates the degree of tail dependence. A formula for the supremum TCM is derived and shown to overestimate the degree of extreme co-movements. Estimators of the proposed measures are studied , and their performance is demonstrated in numerical experiments. For a fair assessment of tail dependence and stability of the estimation under small sample sizes, TCMs weighted over all angles are suggested, with tail Spearman's rho and tail Gini's gamma being interesting novel special cases of TCMs .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "called tail concordance measures (TCMs)", "start_char_pos": 53, "end_char_pos": 53}, {"type": "R", "before": "a", "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 87, "end_char_pos": 88}, {"type": "R", "before": "The proposed tail dependence measures include tail dependence coefficients as special cases, but capture", "after": "TCMs captures", "start_char_pos": 191, "end_char_pos": 295}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 394, "end_char_pos": 397}, {"type": "R", "before": "the so-called", "after": "a", "start_char_pos": 417, "end_char_pos": 430}, {"type": "R", "before": "As a result, the proposed tail dependence measures overcome the issue that the tail dependence coefficients underestimate the extent of extreme co-movements. 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The key components of Triple M are: 1) A seq2seq model with multi-guidance attention which obtains stable feature generation and robust long sentence synthesis ability by learning from the guidance attention mechanisms . Multi-guidance attention improves the robustness and naturalness of long sentence synthesis without any in-domain performance loss or online service modification. Compared with the our best result obtained by using single attention mechanism (GMM-based attention ), the word error rate of long sentence synthesis decreases by 23.5\\%when multi-guidance attention mechanism is applied . 2) A efficient multi-band multi-time LPCNet , which reduces the computational complexity of LPCNet through combining multi-band and multi-time strategies ( from 2.8 to 1.0 GFLOP ). Due to these strategies, the vocoder speed is increased by 2.75x on a single CPU without much MOS degradatiaon (4.57 vs. 4.45) .", "after_revision": "In this work, a robust and efficient text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis system named Triple M is proposed for large-scale online application. The key components of Triple M are: 1) A sequence-to-sequence model adopts a novel multi-guidance attention to transfer complementary advantages from guiding attention mechanisms to the basic attention mechanism without in-domain performance loss and online service modification. Compared with single attention mechanism , multi-guidance attention not only brings better naturalness to long sentence synthesis, but also reduces the word error rate by 26.8\\% . 2) A new efficient multi-band multi-time vocoder framework , which reduces the computational complexity from 2.8 to 1.0 GFLOP and speeds up LPCNet by 2.75x on a single CPU .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "system,", "after": "(TTS) synthesis system", "start_char_pos": 52, "end_char_pos": 59}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 75, "end_char_pos": 76}, {"type": "R", "before": "seq2seq model with", "after": "sequence-to-sequence model adopts a novel", "start_char_pos": 166, "end_char_pos": 184}, {"type": "R", "before": "which obtains stable feature generation and robust long sentence synthesis ability by learning from the guidance attention mechanisms . 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Due to these strategies, the vocoder speed is increased", "after": "and speeds up LPCNet", "start_char_pos": 910, "end_char_pos": 968}, {"type": "D", "before": "without much MOS degradatiaon (4.57 vs. 4.45)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 994, "end_char_pos": 1039}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 124, 508, 912]} {"doc_id": "2102.01909", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The use of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) models for different natural language processing (NLP) tasks, and for sentiment analysis in particular, has become very popular in recent years and not in vain. The use of social media is being constantly on the rise. Its impact on all areas of our lives is almost inconceivable. Researches show that social media nowadays serves as one of the main tools where people freely express their ideas, opinions, and emotions. During the current Covid-19 pandemic, the role of social media as a tool to resonate opinions and emotions, became even more prominent. This paper introduces HeBERT and HebEMO. HeBERT is a transformer-based model for modern Hebrew text . Hebrew is considered a Morphological Rich Language (MRL) , with unique characteristics that pose a great challenge in developing appropriate Hebrew NLP models . Analyzing multiple specifications of the BERT architecture, we come up with a language model that outperforms all existing Hebrew alternatives on multiple language tasks. HebEMO is a tool that uses HeBERT to detect polarity and extract emotions from Hebrew user-generated content (UGC), which was trained on a unique Covid-19 related dataset that we collected and annotated for this study. Data collection and annotation followed an innovative iterative semi-supervised process that aimed to maximize predictability. HebEMO yielded a high performance of weighted average F1-score = 0.96 for polarity classification. Emotion detection reached an F1-score of 0.78-0.97 , with the exception of \\textit{surprise , which the model failed to capture (F1 = 0.41). These results are better than the best-reported performance, even when compared to the English language .", "after_revision": " This paper introduces HeBERT and HebEMO. HeBERT is a Transformer-based model for modern Hebrew text , which relies on a BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations for Transformers) architecture. BERT has been shown to outperform alternative architectures in sentiment analysis, and is suggested to be particularly appropriate for MRLs . Analyzing multiple BERT specifications, we find that while model complexity correlates with high performance on language tasks that aim to understand terms in a sentence, a more-parsimonious model better captures the sentiment of entire sentence. Either way, out BERT-based language model outperforms all existing Hebrew alternatives on all common language tasks. HebEMO is a tool that uses HeBERT to detect polarity and extract emotions from Hebrew UGC. HebEMO is trained on a unique Covid-19-related UGC dataset that we collected and annotated for this study. Data collection and annotation followed an active learning procedure that aimed to maximize predictability. We show that HebEMO yields a high F1-score of 0.96 for polarity classification. Emotion detection reaches F1-scores of 0.78-0.97 for various target emotions , with the exception of \\textit{surprise , which the model failed to capture (F1 = 0.41). These results are better than the best-reported performance, even among English-language models of emotion detection .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "The use of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) models for different natural language processing (NLP) tasks, and for sentiment analysis in particular, has become very popular in recent years and not in vain. The use of social media is being constantly on the rise. Its impact on all areas of our lives is almost inconceivable. Researches show that social media nowadays serves as one of the main tools where people freely express their ideas, opinions, and emotions. During the current Covid-19 pandemic, the role of social media as a tool to resonate opinions and emotions, became even more prominent.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 629}, {"type": "R", "before": "transformer-based", "after": "Transformer-based", "start_char_pos": 683, "end_char_pos": 700}, {"type": "R", "before": ". Hebrew is considered a Morphological Rich Language (MRL) , with unique characteristics that pose a great challenge in developing appropriate Hebrew NLP models", "after": ", which relies on a BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations for Transformers) architecture. BERT has been shown to outperform alternative architectures in sentiment analysis, and is suggested to be particularly appropriate for MRLs", "start_char_pos": 730, "end_char_pos": 890}, {"type": "R", "before": "specifications of the BERT architecture, we come up with a language model that", "after": "BERT specifications, we find that while model complexity correlates with high performance on language tasks that aim to understand terms in a sentence, a more-parsimonious model better captures the sentiment of entire sentence. Either way, out BERT-based language model", "start_char_pos": 912, "end_char_pos": 990}, {"type": "R", "before": "multiple", "after": "all common", "start_char_pos": 1039, "end_char_pos": 1047}, {"type": "R", "before": "user-generated content (UGC), which was", "after": "UGC. HebEMO is", "start_char_pos": 1150, "end_char_pos": 1189}, {"type": "R", "before": "Covid-19 related", "after": "Covid-19-related UGC", "start_char_pos": 1210, "end_char_pos": 1226}, {"type": "R", "before": "innovative iterative semi-supervised process", "after": "active learning procedure", "start_char_pos": 1326, "end_char_pos": 1370}, {"type": "R", "before": "HebEMO yielded a high performance of weighted average", "after": "We show that HebEMO yields a high", "start_char_pos": 1410, "end_char_pos": 1463}, {"type": "R", "before": "=", "after": "of", "start_char_pos": 1473, "end_char_pos": 1474}, {"type": "R", "before": "reached an F1-score", "after": "reaches F1-scores", "start_char_pos": 1527, "end_char_pos": 1546}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "for various target emotions", "start_char_pos": 1560, "end_char_pos": 1560}, {"type": "R", "before": "surprise", "after": "surprise", "start_char_pos": 1593, "end_char_pos": 1601}, {"type": "R", "before": "when compared to the English language", "after": "among English-language models of emotion detection", "start_char_pos": 1717, "end_char_pos": 1754}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 234, 291, 353, 493, 629, 670, 731, 1063, 1282, 1409, 1508, 1650]} {"doc_id": "2102.02959", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "To develop a high throughput multi-label annotator for body Computed Tomography (CT) reports that can be applied to a variety of URLans, and cases. First, we used a dictionary approach to develop a rule-based algorithm (RBA) for extraction of disease labels from radiology text reports. We targeted URLan systems (lungs/pleura, liver/gallbladder, kidneys/ureters) with four diseases per system based on their prevalence in our dataset. To expand the algorithm beyond pre-defined keywords, an attention-guided recurrent neural network (RNN) was trained using the RBA-extracted labels to classify the reports as being positive for one or more diseases or normal for URLan system. Confounding effects on model performance were evaluated using random or pre-trained embedding as well as different sizes of training datasets. Performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) against 2,158 manually obtained labels. Our model extracted disease labels from 261,229 radiology reports of 112,501 unique subjects. Pre-trained models outperformed random embedding across all diseases. As the training dataset size was reduced, performance was robust except for a few diseases with relatively small number of cases. Pre-trained Classification AUCs achieved > 0.95 for all five disease outcomes across all URLan systems. Our label-extracting pipeline was able to encompass a variety of cases and diseases by generalizing beyond strict rules with exceptional accuracy. As a framework, this model can be easily adapted to enable automated labeling of hospital-scale medical data sets for training image-based disease classifiers.", "after_revision": "Purpose: To develop high throughput multi-label annotators for body (chest, abdomen, and pelvis) Computed Tomography (CT) reports that can be applied across a variety of URLans, and disease states. Approach: We used a dictionary approach to develop rule-based algorithms (RBA) for extraction of disease labels from radiology text reports. We targeted URLan systems (lungs/pleura, liver/gallbladder, kidneys/ureters) with four diseases per system based on their prevalence in our dataset. To expand the algorithms beyond pre-defined keywords, attention-guided recurrent neural networks (RNN) were trained using the RBA-extracted labels to classify reports as being positive for one or more diseases or normal for URLan system. Confounding effects on model performance were evaluated using random initialization or pre-trained embedding as well as different sizes of training datasets. Performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) against 2,158 manually obtained labels. Results: Our models extracted disease labels from 261,229 radiology reports of 112,501 unique subjects. Pre-trained models outperformed random initialization across all diseases. As the training dataset size was reduced, performance was robust except for a few diseases with relatively small number of cases. Pre-trained classification AUCs achieved > 0.95 for all five disease outcomes across all URLan systems. Conclusions: Our label-extracting pipeline was able to encompass a variety of cases and diseases by generalizing beyond strict rules with exceptional accuracy. This method can be easily adapted to enable automated labeling of hospital-scale medical data sets for training image-based disease classifiers.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "To develop a", "after": "Purpose: To develop", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 12}, {"type": "R", "before": "annotator for body", "after": "annotators for body (chest, abdomen, and pelvis)", "start_char_pos": 41, "end_char_pos": 59}, {"type": "R", "before": "to", "after": "across", "start_char_pos": 113, "end_char_pos": 115}, {"type": "R", "before": "cases. First, we", "after": "disease states. Approach: We", "start_char_pos": 141, "end_char_pos": 157}, {"type": "D", "before": "a", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 196, "end_char_pos": 197}, {"type": "R", "before": "algorithm", "after": "algorithms", "start_char_pos": 209, "end_char_pos": 218}, {"type": "R", "before": "algorithm", "after": "algorithms", "start_char_pos": 450, "end_char_pos": 459}, {"type": "D", "before": "an", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 489, "end_char_pos": 491}, {"type": "R", "before": "network", "after": "networks", "start_char_pos": 526, "end_char_pos": 533}, {"type": "R", "before": "was", "after": "were", "start_char_pos": 540, "end_char_pos": 543}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 595, "end_char_pos": 598}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "initialization", "start_char_pos": 747, "end_char_pos": 747}, {"type": "R", "before": "Our model", "after": "Results: Our models", "start_char_pos": 965, "end_char_pos": 974}, {"type": "R", "before": "embedding", "after": "initialization", "start_char_pos": 1098, "end_char_pos": 1107}, {"type": "R", "before": "Classification", "after": "classification", "start_char_pos": 1271, "end_char_pos": 1285}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Conclusions:", "start_char_pos": 1363, "end_char_pos": 1363}, {"type": "R", "before": "As a framework, this model", "after": "This method", "start_char_pos": 1511, "end_char_pos": 1537}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 147, 286, 435, 677, 821, 964, 1058, 1128, 1258, 1362, 1510]} {"doc_id": "2102.04882", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Face masks have been widely used as a protective measure against COVID-19. However, pre-pandemic experimental studies have produced mixed results regarding their effectiveness against respiratory viruses , leading to confusion over whether masks protect the wearer, or only those with whom the wearer interacts . Such confusion may have contributed URLanizations such as the WHO and CDC initially not recommending that the general public wear masks. Here , we show that studies that did not find surgical masks to be effective were under-powered to such an extent that even if masks were 100\\% effective, the studies in question would still have been unlikely to find a statistically significant effect. Thus, such studies should not be interpreted as providing evidence against masks. We also provide a framework for understanding the effect of masks on the probability of infection for single and repeated exposures. The framework demonstrates that the impact of wearing a mask more frequently compounds super-linearly , as can the impact of both the susceptible and infected individual wearing a mask. This work shows that current research is consistent with recommendations for using masks at a population level in regions in which there is transmission of COVID-19, and that nonlinear effects and statistical considerations regarding the percentage of exposures for which the mask is worn must be taken into account when designing empirical studies and interpreting their results.", "after_revision": "Face masks have been widely used as a protective measure against COVID-19. However, pre-pandemic empirical studies have produced mixed statistical results on the effectiveness of masks against respiratory viruses . The implications of the studies' recognized limitations have not been quantitatively and statistically analyzed , leading to confusion regarding the effectiveness of masks . Such confusion may have contributed URLanizations such as the WHO and CDC initially not recommending that the general public wear masks. Here we show that when the adherence to mask-usage guidelines is taken into account, the empirical evidence indicates that masks prevent disease transmission: all studies we analyzed that did not find surgical masks to be effective were under-powered to such an extent that even if masks were 100\\% effective, the studies in question would still have been unlikely to find a statistically significant effect. We also provide a framework for understanding the effect of masks on the probability of infection for single and repeated exposures. The framework demonstrates that more frequently wearing a mask provides super-linearly compounding protection, as does both the susceptible and infected individual wearing a mask. This work shows (1) that both theoretical and empirical evidence is consistent with masks protecting against respiratory infections and (2) that nonlinear effects and statistical considerations regarding the percentage of exposures for which masks are worn must be taken into account when designing empirical studies and interpreting their results.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "experimental", "after": "empirical", "start_char_pos": 97, "end_char_pos": 109}, {"type": "R", "before": "results regarding their effectiveness", "after": "statistical results on the effectiveness of masks", "start_char_pos": 138, "end_char_pos": 175}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ". The implications of the studies' recognized limitations have not been quantitatively and statistically analyzed", "start_char_pos": 204, "end_char_pos": 204}, {"type": "R", "before": "over whether masks protect the wearer, or only those with whom the wearer interacts", "after": "regarding the effectiveness of masks", "start_char_pos": 228, "end_char_pos": 311}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 456, "end_char_pos": 457}, {"type": "R", "before": "studies", "after": "when the adherence to mask-usage guidelines is taken into account, the empirical evidence indicates that masks prevent disease transmission: all studies we analyzed", "start_char_pos": 471, "end_char_pos": 478}, {"type": "D", "before": "Thus, such studies should not be interpreted as providing evidence against masks.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 705, "end_char_pos": 786}, {"type": "R", "before": "the impact of", "after": "more frequently", "start_char_pos": 952, "end_char_pos": 965}, {"type": "R", "before": "more frequently compounds", "after": "provides", "start_char_pos": 981, "end_char_pos": 1006}, {"type": "R", "before": ", as can the impact of", "after": "compounding protection, as does", "start_char_pos": 1022, "end_char_pos": 1044}, {"type": "R", "before": "that current research", "after": "(1) that both theoretical and empirical evidence", "start_char_pos": 1122, "end_char_pos": 1143}, {"type": "R", "before": "recommendations for using masks at a population level in regions in which there is transmission of COVID-19, and", "after": "masks protecting against respiratory infections and (2)", "start_char_pos": 1163, "end_char_pos": 1275}, {"type": "R", "before": "the mask is", "after": "masks are", "start_char_pos": 1378, "end_char_pos": 1389}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 74, 313, 450, 704, 786, 919, 1105]} {"doc_id": "2102.05633", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In order for a robot to explore an unknown environment autonomously , it must account for uncertainty in sensor measurements, hazard assessment, localization, and motion execution. Making decisions for maximal reward in a stochastic setting requires learning values and constructing policies over a belief space, i.e., probability distribution of the robot-world state. Value learning over belief spaces suffer from computational challenges in high-dimensional spaces, such as large spatial environments and long temporal horizons for exploration. At the same time, it should be adaptive and resilient to disturbances at run time in order to ensure the robot's safety, as required in many real-world applications . This work proposes a scalable value learning framework, PLGRIM (Probabilistic Local and Global Reasoning on Information roadMaps), that bridges the gap between (i) local, risk-aware resiliency and (ii) global, reward-seeking mission objectives. By leveraging hierarchical belief space planners with information-rich graph structures, PLGRIM can address large-scale exploration problems while providing locally near-optimal coverage plans. PLGRIM is a step toward enabling belief space planners on physical robots operating in unknown and complex environments. We validate our proposed framework with a high-fidelity dynamic simulation in diverse environments and with physical hardware, Boston Dynamics' Spot robot, in a lava tube .", "after_revision": "In order for an autonomous robot to efficiently explore an unknown environment , it must account for uncertainty in sensor measurements, hazard assessment, localization, and motion execution. Making decisions for maximal reward in a stochastic setting requires value learning and policy construction over a belief space, i.e., probability distribution over all possible robot-world states. However, belief space planning in a large spatial environment over long temporal horizons suffers from severe computational challenges. Moreover, constructed policies must safely adapt to unexpected changes in the belief at runtime . This work proposes a scalable value learning framework, PLGRIM (Probabilistic Local and Global Reasoning on Information roadMaps), that bridges the gap between (i) local, risk-aware resiliency and (ii) global, reward-seeking mission objectives. Leveraging hierarchical belief space planners with information-rich graph structures, PLGRIM addresses large-scale exploration problems while providing locally near-optimal coverage plans. We validate our proposed framework with high-fidelity dynamic simulations in diverse environments and on physical robots in Martian-analog lava tubes .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "a robot to", "after": "an autonomous robot to efficiently", "start_char_pos": 13, "end_char_pos": 23}, {"type": "D", "before": "autonomously", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 55, "end_char_pos": 67}, {"type": "R", "before": "learning values and constructing policies", "after": "value learning and policy construction", "start_char_pos": 250, "end_char_pos": 291}, {"type": "R", "before": "of the", "after": "over all possible", "start_char_pos": 344, "end_char_pos": 350}, {"type": "R", "before": "state. Value learning over belief spaces suffer from computational challenges in high-dimensional spaces, such as large spatial environments and", "after": "states. However, belief space planning in a large spatial environment over", "start_char_pos": 363, "end_char_pos": 507}, {"type": "R", "before": "for exploration. At the same time, it should be adaptive and resilient to disturbances at run time in order to ensure the robot's safety, as required in many real-world applications", "after": "suffers from severe computational challenges. Moreover, constructed policies must safely adapt to unexpected changes in the belief at runtime", "start_char_pos": 531, "end_char_pos": 712}, {"type": "R", "before": "By leveraging", "after": "Leveraging", "start_char_pos": 960, "end_char_pos": 973}, {"type": "R", "before": "can address", "after": "addresses", "start_char_pos": 1056, "end_char_pos": 1067}, {"type": "D", "before": "PLGRIM is a step toward enabling belief space planners on physical robots operating in unknown and complex environments.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1154, "end_char_pos": 1274}, {"type": "D", "before": "a", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1315, "end_char_pos": 1316}, {"type": "R", "before": "simulation", "after": "simulations", "start_char_pos": 1339, "end_char_pos": 1349}, {"type": "R", "before": "with physical hardware, Boston Dynamics' Spot robot, in a lava tube", "after": "on physical robots in Martian-analog lava tubes", "start_char_pos": 1378, "end_char_pos": 1445}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 180, 369, 547, 714, 959, 1153, 1274]} {"doc_id": "2102.10754", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Kirigami, the art of paper cutting, has become the subject of study in mechanical metamaterials in recent years. The basic building blocks of any kirigami structures are repetitive deployable patterns , the design of which has to date largely relied on inspirations from art, nature, and intuition, embedded in a choice of the underlying pattern symmetry . Here we complement these approaches by clarifying some of the connections between kirigami patterns and symmetry in terms of the wallpaper groups, the set of seventeen plane symmetry groups that fully characterize the space of periodic tilings of the plane. We start by showing that deployable kirigami patterns in any of the seventeen wallpaper groupscan be constructed , and then design symmetry-preserving cut patterns that can be effectively applied for achieving arbitrary size change throughout deployment. We further prove that different symmetry changes can be achieved by controlling the shape and connectivity of the tiles . Finally, we connect these results using the underlying lattice structures of the kirigami patterns . All together, our work provides a systematic approach for creating deployable structures with any prescribed size and symmetry properties , thereby paving the way for the design of a wide range of metamaterials by harnessing kirigami .", "after_revision": "Kirigami, the art of paper cutting, has become a paradigm for mechanical metamaterials in recent years. The basic building blocks of any kirigami structures are repetitive deployable patterns that derive inspiration from geometric art forms and simple planar tilings . Here we complement these approaches by directly linking kirigami patterns to the symmetry associated with the set of seventeen repeating patterns that fully characterize the space of periodic tilings of the plane. We start by showing how to construct deployable kirigami patterns using any of the wallpaper groups , and then design symmetry-preserving cut patterns to achieve arbitrary size changes via deployment. We further prove that different symmetry changes can be achieved by controlling the shape and connectivity of the tiles and connect these results to the underlying kirigami-based lattice structures . All together, our work provides a systematic approach for creating a broad range of kirigami-based deployable structures with any prescribed size and symmetry properties .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "the subject of study in", "after": "a paradigm for", "start_char_pos": 47, "end_char_pos": 70}, {"type": "R", "before": ", the design of which has to date largely relied on inspirations from art, nature, and intuition, embedded in a choice of the underlying pattern symmetry", "after": "that derive inspiration from geometric art forms and simple planar tilings", "start_char_pos": 201, "end_char_pos": 354}, {"type": "R", "before": "clarifying some of the connections between kirigami patterns and symmetry in terms of the wallpaper groups, the", "after": "directly linking kirigami patterns to the symmetry associated with the", "start_char_pos": 396, "end_char_pos": 507}, {"type": "R", "before": "plane symmetry groups", "after": "repeating patterns", "start_char_pos": 525, "end_char_pos": 546}, {"type": "R", "before": "that", "after": "how to construct", "start_char_pos": 635, "end_char_pos": 639}, {"type": "R", "before": "in", "after": "using", "start_char_pos": 669, "end_char_pos": 671}, {"type": "R", "before": "seventeen wallpaper groupscan be constructed", "after": "wallpaper groups", "start_char_pos": 683, "end_char_pos": 727}, {"type": "R", "before": "that can be effectively applied for achieving arbitrary size change throughout", "after": "to achieve arbitrary size changes via", "start_char_pos": 779, "end_char_pos": 857}, {"type": "R", "before": ". Finally, we", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 990, "end_char_pos": 1003}, {"type": "R", "before": "using the underlying lattice structures of the kirigami patterns", "after": "to the underlying kirigami-based lattice structures", "start_char_pos": 1026, "end_char_pos": 1090}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "a broad range of kirigami-based", "start_char_pos": 1160, "end_char_pos": 1160}, {"type": "D", "before": ", thereby paving the way for the design of a wide range of metamaterials by harnessing kirigami", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1232, "end_char_pos": 1327}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 112, 356, 614, 869, 991, 1092]} {"doc_id": "2102.12220", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "This work deals with error models for trident quaternion framework proposed in the companion paper \"A Trident Quaternion Framework for Inertial-based Navigation Part I: Motion Representation and Computation\" and further uses them to investigate the static and in-motion alignment for land vehicles. Specifically, the zero-velocity and odometer velocity measurements are applied in the static and in-motion alignment process, respectively. By linearizing the trident quaternion kinematic equation, the right and left trident quaternion error models are obtained . The resultant models are found to be equivalent to those derived from profound group affine. Then the two models are used to design the corresponding extended Kalman filters (EKF), namely, the left-quaternion EKF (LQEKF) and the right-quaternion EKF (RQEKF). Simulations and field tests are conducted to evaluate their actual performances. For the static alignment, owing to their high consistency, the L/RQEKF converge much faster than the EKF even without any heading information . For the in-motion alignment, however, the two filters still need the assistance of the analytical / optimization-based in-motion alignment methods at the very start to avoid extremely large attitude errors, although they possess much larger convergence region than the traditional EKF does .", "after_revision": "This work deals with error models for trident quaternion framework proposed in the companion paper (Part I) and further uses them to investigate the odometer-aided static/ in-motion inertial navigation attitude alignment for land vehicles. By linearizing the trident quaternion kinematic equation, the left and right trident quaternion error models are obtained , which are found to be equivalent to those derived from profound group affine. The two error models are used to design their corresponding extended Kalman filters (EKF), namely, the left-quaternion EKF (LQEKF) and the right-quaternion EKF (RQEKF). Simulations and field tests are conducted to evaluate their actual performances. Owing to the high estimation consistency, the L/RQEKF converge much faster in the static alignment than the traditional error model-based EKF, even under arbitrary large heading initialization . For the in-motion alignment, the L / RQEKF possess much larger convergence region than the traditional EKF does , although they still require the aid of attitude initialization so as to avoid large initial attitude errors .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "\"A Trident Quaternion Framework for Inertial-based Navigation Part I: Motion Representation and Computation\" and", "after": "(Part I) and", "start_char_pos": 99, "end_char_pos": 211}, {"type": "R", "before": "static and", "after": "odometer-aided static/", "start_char_pos": 249, "end_char_pos": 259}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "inertial navigation attitude", "start_char_pos": 270, "end_char_pos": 270}, {"type": "D", "before": "Specifically, the zero-velocity and odometer velocity measurements are applied in the static and in-motion alignment process, respectively.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 300, "end_char_pos": 439}, {"type": "R", "before": "right and left", "after": "left and right", "start_char_pos": 502, "end_char_pos": 516}, {"type": "R", "before": ". The resultant models", "after": ", which", "start_char_pos": 562, "end_char_pos": 584}, {"type": "R", "before": "Then the two", "after": "The two error", "start_char_pos": 657, "end_char_pos": 669}, {"type": "R", "before": "the", "after": "their", "start_char_pos": 696, "end_char_pos": 699}, {"type": "R", "before": "For the static alignment, owing to their high", "after": "Owing to the high estimation", "start_char_pos": 904, "end_char_pos": 949}, {"type": "R", "before": "than the EKF even without any heading information", "after": "in the static alignment than the traditional error model-based EKF, even under arbitrary large heading initialization", "start_char_pos": 996, "end_char_pos": 1045}, {"type": "R", "before": "however, the two filters still need the assistance of the analytical", "after": "the L", "start_char_pos": 1077, "end_char_pos": 1145}, {"type": "R", "before": "optimization-based in-motion alignment methods at the very start to avoid extremely large attitude errors, although they", "after": "RQEKF", "start_char_pos": 1148, "end_char_pos": 1268}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", although they still require the aid of attitude initialization so as to avoid large initial attitude errors", "start_char_pos": 1338, "end_char_pos": 1338}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 299, 439, 563, 656, 822, 903, 1047]} {"doc_id": "2102.13202", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "To balance exploration and exploitation, multi-armed bandit algorithms need to conduct inference on the true mean reward of each arm in every time step using the data collected so far . However, the history of arms and rewards observed up to that time step is adaptively collected and there are known challenges in conducting inference with non-iid data . In particular, sample averages, which play a prominent role in traditional upper confidence bound algorithms and traditional Thompson sampling algorithms, are neither unbiased nor asymptotically normal. We propose a variant of a Thompson sampling based algorithm that leverages recent advances in the causal inference literature and adaptively re-weighs the terms of a doubly robust estimator on the true mean reward of each arm -- hence its name doubly-adaptive Thompson sampling. The regret of the proposed algorithm matches the optimal (minimax) regret rate and its empirical evaluation in a semi-synthetic experiment based on data from a randomized control trial of a web service is performed: we see that the proposed doubly-adaptive Thompson sampling has superior empirical performance to existing baselines in terms of cumulative regret and statistical power in identifying the best arm. Further, we extend this approach to contextual bandits, where there are more sources of bias present apart from the adaptive data collection -- such as the mismatch between the true data generating process and the reward model assumptions or the unequal representations of certain regions of the context space in initial stages of learning -- and propose the linear contextual doubly-adaptive Thompson sampling and the non-parametric contextual doubly-adaptive Thompson sampling extensions of our approach .", "after_revision": "During online decision making in Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB), one needs to conduct inference on the true mean reward of each arm based on data collected so far at each step . However, since the arms are adaptively selected--thereby yielding non-iid data--conducting inference accurately is not straightforward . In particular, sample averaging, which is used in the family of UCB and Thompson sampling (TS) algorithms, does not provide a good choice as it suffers from bias and a lack of good statistical properties (e.g. asymptotic normality). Our thesis in this paper is that more sophisticated inference schemes that take into account the adaptive nature of the sequentially collected data can unlock further performance gains, even though both UCB and TS type algorithms are optimal in the worst case. In particular, we propose a variant of TS-style algorithms--which we call doubly adaptive TS--that leverages recent advances in causal inference and adaptively reweights the terms of a doubly robust estimator on the true mean reward of each arm . Through 20 synthetic domain experiments and a semi-synthetic experiment based on data from an A/B test of a web service , we demonstrate that using an adaptive inferential scheme (while still retaining the exploration efficacy of TS) provides clear benefits in online decision making: the proposed DATS algorithm has superior empirical performance to existing baselines (UCB and TS) in terms of regret and sample complexity in identifying the best arm. In addition, we also provide a finite-time regret bound of doubly adaptive TS that matches (up to log factors) those of UCB and TS algorithms, thereby establishing that its improved practical benefits do not come at the expense of worst-case suboptimality .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "To balance exploration and exploitation, multi-armed bandit algorithms need", "after": "During online decision making in Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB), one needs", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 75}, {"type": "R", "before": "in every time step using the", "after": "based on", "start_char_pos": 133, "end_char_pos": 161}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "at each step", "start_char_pos": 184, "end_char_pos": 184}, {"type": "R", "before": "the history of arms and rewards observed up to that time step is adaptively collected and there are known challenges in conducting inference with", "after": "since the arms are adaptively selected--thereby yielding", "start_char_pos": 196, "end_char_pos": 341}, {"type": "R", "before": "data", "after": "data--conducting inference accurately is not straightforward", "start_char_pos": 350, "end_char_pos": 354}, {"type": "R", "before": "averages, which play a prominent role in traditional upper confidence bound algorithms and traditional Thompson sampling algorithms, are neither unbiased nor asymptotically normal. We", "after": "averaging, which is used in the family of UCB and Thompson sampling (TS) algorithms, does not provide a good choice as it suffers from bias and a lack of good statistical properties (e.g. asymptotic normality). Our thesis in this paper is that more sophisticated inference schemes that take into account the adaptive nature of the sequentially collected data can unlock further performance gains, even though both UCB and TS type algorithms are optimal in the worst case. In particular, we", "start_char_pos": 379, "end_char_pos": 562}, {"type": "R", "before": "a Thompson sampling based algorithm that", "after": "TS-style algorithms--which we call doubly adaptive TS--that", "start_char_pos": 584, "end_char_pos": 624}, {"type": "R", "before": "the causal inference literature and adaptively re-weighs", "after": "causal inference and adaptively reweights", "start_char_pos": 654, "end_char_pos": 710}, {"type": "R", "before": "-- hence its name doubly-adaptive Thompson sampling. The regret of the proposed algorithm matches the optimal (minimax) regret rate and its empirical evaluation in", "after": ". Through 20 synthetic domain experiments and", "start_char_pos": 786, "end_char_pos": 949}, {"type": "R", "before": "a randomized control trial", "after": "an A/B test", "start_char_pos": 997, "end_char_pos": 1023}, {"type": "R", "before": "is performed: we see that the proposed doubly-adaptive Thompson sampling", "after": ", we demonstrate that using an adaptive inferential scheme (while still retaining the exploration efficacy of TS) provides clear benefits in online decision making: the proposed DATS algorithm", "start_char_pos": 1041, "end_char_pos": 1113}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "(UCB and TS)", "start_char_pos": 1171, "end_char_pos": 1171}, {"type": "R", "before": "cumulative regret and statistical power", "after": "regret and sample complexity", "start_char_pos": 1184, "end_char_pos": 1223}, {"type": "R", "before": "Further, we extend this approach to contextual bandits, where there are more sources of bias present apart from the adaptive data collection -- such as the mismatch between the true data generating process and the reward model assumptions or the unequal representations of certain regions of the context space in initial stages of learning -- and propose the linear contextual doubly-adaptive Thompson sampling and the non-parametric contextual doubly-adaptive Thompson sampling extensions of our approach", "after": "In addition, we also provide a finite-time regret bound of doubly adaptive TS that matches (up to log factors) those of UCB and TS algorithms, thereby establishing that its improved practical benefits do not come at the expense of worst-case suboptimality", "start_char_pos": 1253, "end_char_pos": 1758}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 356, 559, 838, 1252, 1395]} {"doc_id": "2103.00293", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The collection and annotation of task-oriented conversational data is a costlyand time-consuming manner. Many augmentation techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of state-of-the-art (SOTA) systems in new domains that lack the necessary amount of data for training. However, these augmentation techniques (e.g. paraphrasing) also require some mediocre amount of data since they use learning-based approaches. This makes using SOTA systems in emerging low-resource domains infeasible. We, to tackle this problem, introduce a framework , that creates synthetic task-oriented dialogues in a fully automatic manner, which operates with input sizes of as small as a few dialogues . Our framework uses the simple idea that each turn-pair in a task-oriented dialogue has a certain function and exploits this idea to mix them creating new dialogues . We evaluate our framework within a low-resource setting by integrating it with a SOTA model TRADE in the dialogue state tracking task and observe significant improvements in the fine-tuning scenarios in several domains . We conclude that this end-to-end dialogue augmentation framework can be a crucial tool for natural language understanding performance in emerging task-oriented dialogue domains.", "after_revision": "As the creation of task-oriented conversational data is costly, data augmentation techniques have been proposed to create synthetic data to improve model performance in new domains . Up to now, these learning-based techniques (e.g. paraphrasing) still require a moderate amount of data , making application to low-resource settings infeasible. To tackle this problem, we introduce an augmentation framework that creates synthetic task-oriented dialogues , operating with as few as 5 shots . Our framework utilizes belief state annotations to define dialogue functions of each turn pair. It then creates templates of pairs through de-lexicalization, where the dialogue function codifies the allowable incoming and outgoing links of each template. To generate new dialogues, our framework composes allowable adjacent templates in a bottom-up manner . We evaluate our framework using TRADE as the base DST model, observing significant improvements in the fine-tuning scenarios within a low-resource setting . We conclude that this end-to-end dialogue augmentation framework can be a practical tool for natural language understanding performance in emerging task-oriented dialogue domains.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "The collection and annotation", "after": "As the creation", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 29}, {"type": "R", "before": "a costlyand time-consuming manner. Many", "after": "costly, data", "start_char_pos": 70, "end_char_pos": 109}, {"type": "R", "before": "improve the performance of state-of-the-art (SOTA) systems", "after": "create synthetic data to improve model performance", "start_char_pos": 156, "end_char_pos": 214}, {"type": "R", "before": "that lack the necessary amount of data for training. However, these augmentation", "after": ". Up to now, these learning-based", "start_char_pos": 230, "end_char_pos": 310}, {"type": "R", "before": "also require some mediocre", "after": "still require a moderate", "start_char_pos": 342, "end_char_pos": 368}, {"type": "R", "before": "since they use learning-based approaches. This makes using SOTA systems in emerging", "after": ", making application to", "start_char_pos": 384, "end_char_pos": 467}, {"type": "R", "before": "domains infeasible. We, to", "after": "settings infeasible. To", "start_char_pos": 481, "end_char_pos": 507}, {"type": "R", "before": "introduce a framework ,", "after": "we introduce an augmentation framework", "start_char_pos": 529, "end_char_pos": 552}, {"type": "R", "before": "in a fully automatic manner, which operates with input sizes of as small as a few dialogues", "after": ", operating with as few as 5 shots", "start_char_pos": 600, "end_char_pos": 691}, {"type": "R", "before": "uses the simple idea that each turn-pair in a task-oriented dialogue has a certain function and exploits this idea to mix them creating new dialogues", "after": "utilizes belief state annotations to define dialogue functions of each turn pair. It then creates templates of pairs through de-lexicalization, where the dialogue function codifies the allowable incoming and outgoing links of each template. To generate new dialogues, our framework composes allowable adjacent templates in a bottom-up manner", "start_char_pos": 708, "end_char_pos": 857}, {"type": "R", "before": "within a low-resource setting by integrating it with a SOTA model TRADE in the dialogue state tracking task and observe", "after": "using TRADE as the base DST model, observing", "start_char_pos": 886, "end_char_pos": 1005}, {"type": "R", "before": "in several domains", "after": "within a low-resource setting", "start_char_pos": 1060, "end_char_pos": 1078}, {"type": "R", "before": "crucial", "after": "practical", "start_char_pos": 1155, "end_char_pos": 1162}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 104, 282, 425, 500, 693, 859, 1080]} {"doc_id": "2103.02152", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The vanilla convolutional neural network (CNN) is vulnerable to images with small variations (e.g. corrupted and adversarial samples). One of the possible reasons is that CNN pays more attention to the most discriminative regions, but ignores the auxiliary features , leading to the lack of feature diversity . In our method, we propose to dynamically suppress significant activation values of vanilla CNN by group-wise inhibition, but not fix or randomly handle them when training. Then, the feature maps with different activation distribution are processed separately due to the independence of features. Vanilla CNN is finally guided to learn more rich discriminative features hierarchically for robust classification according to proposed regularization. The proposed method is able to achieve a significant gain of robustness over 15\\% comparing with the state-of-the-art. We also show that the proposed regularization method complements other defense paradigms, such as adversarial training, to further improve the robustness .", "after_revision": "The convolutional neural network (CNN) is vulnerable to degraded images with even very small variations (e.g. corrupted and adversarial samples). One of the possible reasons is that CNN pays more attention to the most discriminative regions, but ignores the auxiliary features when learning , leading to the lack of feature diversity for final judgment . In our method, we propose to dynamically suppress significant activation values of CNN by group-wise inhibition, but not fixedly or randomly handle them when training. The feature maps with different activation distribution are then processed separately to take the feature independence into account. CNN is finally guided to learn richer discriminative features hierarchically for robust classification according to the proposed regularization. Our method is comprehensively evaluated under multiple settings, including classification against corruptions, adversarial attacks and low data regime. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve significant improvements in terms of both robustness and generalization performances, when compared with the state-of-the-art methods .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "vanilla", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4, "end_char_pos": 11}, {"type": "R", "before": "images with", "after": "degraded images with even very", "start_char_pos": 64, "end_char_pos": 75}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "when learning", "start_char_pos": 266, "end_char_pos": 266}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "for final judgment", "start_char_pos": 310, "end_char_pos": 310}, {"type": "D", "before": "vanilla", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 396, "end_char_pos": 403}, {"type": "R", "before": "fix", "after": "fixedly", "start_char_pos": 442, "end_char_pos": 445}, {"type": "R", "before": "Then, the", "after": "The", "start_char_pos": 485, "end_char_pos": 494}, {"type": "R", "before": "processed separately due to the independence of features. Vanilla", "after": "then processed separately to take the feature independence into account.", "start_char_pos": 551, "end_char_pos": 616}, {"type": "R", "before": "more rich", "after": "richer", "start_char_pos": 648, "end_char_pos": 657}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 736, "end_char_pos": 736}, {"type": "R", "before": "The proposed method is able to achieve a significant gain of robustness over 15\\% comparing with the state-of-the-art. We also", "after": "Our method is comprehensively evaluated under multiple settings, including classification against corruptions, adversarial attacks and low data regime. Extensive experimental results", "start_char_pos": 762, "end_char_pos": 888}, {"type": "R", "before": "regularization method complements other defense paradigms, such as adversarial training, to further improve the robustness", "after": "method can achieve significant improvements in terms of both robustness and generalization performances, when compared with the state-of-the-art methods", "start_char_pos": 912, "end_char_pos": 1034}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 134, 312, 484, 608, 761, 880]} {"doc_id": "2103.02760", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Autonomous vehicles rely heavily upon their perception subsystems to see the environment in which they operate. Unfortunately, the effect of varying weather conditions presents a significant challenge to object detection algorithms, and thus it is imperative to test the vehicle extensively in all conditions which it may experience. However, unpredictable weather can make real-world testing in adverse conditions an expensive and time consuming task requiring access to specialist facilities , and weatherproofing of sensitive electronics. Simulation provides an alternative to real world testing, with some studies developing increasingly visually realistic representations of the real world on powerful compute hardware. Given that subsequent subsystems in the autonomous vehicle pipeline are unaware of the visual realism of the simulation, when developing modules downstream of perception the appearance is of little consequence - rather it is how the perception system performs in the prevailing weather condition that is important . This study explores the potential of using a simple, lightweight image augmentation system in an autonomous racing vehicle - focusing not on visual accuracy, but rather the effect upon perception system performance . With minimal adjustment, the prototype system developed in this study can replicate the effects of both water droplets on the camera lens, and fading light conditions. The system introduces a latency of less than 8 ms using compute hardware that is well suited to being carried in the vehicle - rendering it ideally suited to real-time implementation that can be run during experiments in simulation, and augmented reality testing in the real world.", "after_revision": "Autonomous vehicles rely heavily upon their perception subsystems to see the environment in which they operate. Unfortunately, the effect of variable weather conditions presents a significant challenge to object detection algorithms, and thus it is imperative to test the vehicle extensively in all conditions which it may experience. However, development of robust autonomous vehicle subsystems requires repeatable, controlled testing - while real weather is unpredictable and cannot be scheduled. Real-world testing in adverse conditions is an expensive and time-consuming task, often requiring access to specialist facilities . Simulation is commonly relied upon as a substitute, with increasingly visually realistic representations of the real-world being developed. In the context of the complete autonomous vehicle control pipeline, subsystems downstream of perception need to be tested with accurate recreations of the perception system output, rather than focusing on subjective visual realism of the input - whether in simulation or the real world . This study develops the untapped potential of a lightweight weather augmentation method in an autonomous racing vehicle - focusing not on visual accuracy, but rather the effect upon perception subsystem performance in real time . With minimal adjustment, the prototype developed in this study can replicate the effects of water droplets on the camera lens, and fading light conditions. This approach introduces a latency of less than 8 ms using compute hardware well suited to being carried in the vehicle - rendering it ideal for real-time implementation that can be run during experiments in simulation, and augmented reality testing in the real world.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "varying", "after": "variable", "start_char_pos": 141, "end_char_pos": 148}, {"type": "R", "before": "unpredictable weather can make real-world", "after": "development of robust autonomous vehicle subsystems requires repeatable, controlled testing - while real weather is unpredictable and cannot be scheduled. Real-world", "start_char_pos": 343, "end_char_pos": 384}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "is", "start_char_pos": 415, "end_char_pos": 415}, {"type": "R", "before": "time consuming task", "after": "time-consuming task, often", "start_char_pos": 433, "end_char_pos": 452}, {"type": "R", "before": ", and weatherproofing of sensitive electronics. Simulation provides an alternative to real world testing, with some studies developing", "after": ". Simulation is commonly relied upon as a substitute, with", "start_char_pos": 495, "end_char_pos": 629}, {"type": "R", "before": "real world on powerful compute hardware. Given that subsequent subsystems in the autonomous vehicle pipeline are unaware of the visual realism of the simulation, when developing modules", "after": "real-world being developed. In the context of the complete autonomous vehicle control pipeline, subsystems", "start_char_pos": 685, "end_char_pos": 870}, {"type": "R", "before": "the appearance is of little consequence - rather it is how", "after": "need to be tested with accurate recreations of", "start_char_pos": 896, "end_char_pos": 954}, {"type": "R", "before": "performs in the prevailing weather condition that is important", "after": "output, rather than focusing on subjective visual realism of the input - whether in simulation or the real world", "start_char_pos": 977, "end_char_pos": 1039}, {"type": "R", "before": "explores the potential of using a simple, lightweight image augmentation system", "after": "develops the untapped potential of a lightweight weather augmentation method", "start_char_pos": 1053, "end_char_pos": 1132}, {"type": "R", "before": "system performance", "after": "subsystem performance in real time", "start_char_pos": 1238, "end_char_pos": 1256}, {"type": "D", "before": "system", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1298, "end_char_pos": 1304}, {"type": "D", "before": "both", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1358, "end_char_pos": 1362}, {"type": "R", "before": "The system", "after": "This approach", "start_char_pos": 1427, "end_char_pos": 1437}, {"type": "D", "before": "that is", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1500, "end_char_pos": 1507}, {"type": "R", "before": "ideally suited to", "after": "ideal for", "start_char_pos": 1567, "end_char_pos": 1584}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 111, 333, 542, 725, 1041, 1258, 1426]} {"doc_id": "2103.03398", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Since the 1950s, citation impact has been the dominant metric by which science is quantitatively evaluated. But research contributions play distinct roles in the unfolding drama of scientific debate, agreement and advance, and institutions may value different kinds of advances . Computational power, access to citation data and an array of modeling techniques have given rise to a widening portfolio of metrics to extract different signals regarding their contribution. Here we unpack the complex, temporally evolving relationship between citation impact alongside novelty and disruption, two emerging measures that capture the degree to which science not only influences, but transforms later work. Novelty captures how research draws upon unusual combinations of prior work. Disruption captures how research comes to eclipse the prior work on which it builds , becoming recognized as a new scientific direction. We demonstrate that : 1) novel papers disrupt existing theories and expand the scientific frontier; 2) novel papers are more likely to become \"sleeping beauties\" and accumulate citation impact over the long run ; 3) novelty can be reformulated as distance in journal embedding spaces to map the moving frontier of science . The evolution of embedding spaces over time reveals how yesterday's novelty forms today's scientific conventions, which condition the novelty--and surprise--of tomorrow's breakthroughs.", "after_revision": "Since the 1950s, citation number or \"impact\" has been the dominant metric by which science is quantitatively evaluated. But research contributions play distinct roles in the unfolding drama of scientific debate, agreement and advance, which are differentially valued by scientists and their institutions . Computational power, access to citation data and an array of modeling techniques have given rise to a widening portfolio of metrics that extract different signals regarding their contribution. Here we unpack the complex, temporally evolving relationship between citation impact alongside novelty and disruption, two emerging measures that capture the degree to which science not only influences, but transforms later work. Novelty is measured at the point of production and captures how research draws upon unusual combinations of prior work. Disruption is measured over time and captures how research comes to eclipse or amplify the prior work on which it builds . We theorize that novel papers will exhibit disruptive impact over time, and demonstrate how they are much more likely than conventional papers to disrupt current literature. Novel papers do not do so immediately, but often become \"sleeping beauties\" , accumulating surprising attention and citation impact over the long run . In summary, new directions for science are created from a lack of consensus. Finally, we show how novelty can be reformulated as the combination of ideas across knowledge space to reveal the combinatorial nature of advance . The evolution of knowledge space over time characterizes how yesterday's novelty forms today's scientific conventions, which condition the novelty-and surprise-of tomorrow's breakthroughs.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "impact", "after": "number or \"impact\"", "start_char_pos": 26, "end_char_pos": 32}, {"type": "R", "before": "and institutions may value different kinds of advances", "after": "which are differentially valued by scientists and their institutions", "start_char_pos": 223, "end_char_pos": 277}, {"type": "R", "before": "to", "after": "that", "start_char_pos": 412, "end_char_pos": 414}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "is measured at the point of production and", "start_char_pos": 709, "end_char_pos": 709}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "is measured over time and", "start_char_pos": 790, "end_char_pos": 790}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "or amplify", "start_char_pos": 830, "end_char_pos": 830}, {"type": "R", "before": ", becoming recognized as a new scientific direction. We demonstrate that : 1) novel papers disrupt existing theories and expand the scientific frontier; 2) novel papers are more likely to", "after": ". We theorize that novel papers will exhibit disruptive impact over time, and demonstrate how they are much more likely than conventional papers to disrupt current literature. Novel papers do not do so immediately, but often", "start_char_pos": 865, "end_char_pos": 1052}, {"type": "R", "before": "and accumulate", "after": ", accumulating surprising attention and", "start_char_pos": 1080, "end_char_pos": 1094}, {"type": "R", "before": "; 3)", "after": ". In summary, new directions for science are created from a lack of consensus. Finally, we show how", "start_char_pos": 1129, "end_char_pos": 1133}, {"type": "R", "before": "distance in journal embedding spaces to map the moving frontier of science", "after": "the combination of ideas across knowledge space to reveal the combinatorial nature of advance", "start_char_pos": 1165, "end_char_pos": 1239}, {"type": "R", "before": "embedding spaces over time reveals", "after": "knowledge space over time characterizes", "start_char_pos": 1259, "end_char_pos": 1293}, {"type": "R", "before": "novelty--and surprise--of", "after": "novelty-and surprise-of", "start_char_pos": 1376, "end_char_pos": 1401}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 107, 470, 700, 778, 917, 1017, 1130, 1241]} {"doc_id": "2103.03413", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In this study, we explore the implications of integrating social distancing with emergency evacuation when a hurricane approaches a major city during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we compare DNN (Deep Neural Network)-based and non-DNN methods for generating evacuation strategies that minimize evacuation time while allowing for social distancing in rescue vehicles. A central question is whether a DNN-based method provides sufficient extra efficiency to accommodate social distancing, in a time-constrained evacuation operation. We describe the problem as a Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem and solve it using one non-DNN solution (Sweep Algorithm) and one DNN-based solution (Deep Reinforcement Learning). DNN-based solution can provide decision-makers with more efficient routing than non-DNN solution. Although DNN-based solution can save considerable time in evacuation routing , it does not come close to compensating for the extra time required for social distancing and its advantage disappears as the vehicle capacity approaches the number of people per household.", "after_revision": "We explore the implications of integrating social distancing with emergency evacuation , as would be expected when a hurricane approaches a city during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we compare DNN (Deep Neural Network)-based and non-DNN methods for generating evacuation strategies that minimize evacuation time while allowing for social distancing in emergency vehicles. A central question is whether a DNN-based method provides sufficient extra routing efficiency to accommodate increased social distancing in a time-constrained evacuation operation. We describe the problem as a Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem and solve it using a non-DNN solution (Sweep Algorithm) and a DNN-based solution (Deep Reinforcement Learning). The DNN-based solution can provide decision-makers with more efficient routing than the typical non-DNN routing solution. However , it does not come close to compensating for the extra time required for social distancing , and its advantage disappears as the emergency vehicle capacity approaches the number of people per household.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "In this study, we", "after": "We", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 17}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", as would be expected", "start_char_pos": 102, "end_char_pos": 102}, {"type": "D", "before": "major", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 133, "end_char_pos": 138}, {"type": "R", "before": "rescue", "after": "emergency", "start_char_pos": 358, "end_char_pos": 364}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "routing", "start_char_pos": 450, "end_char_pos": 450}, {"type": "R", "before": "social distancing,", "after": "increased social distancing", "start_char_pos": 477, "end_char_pos": 495}, {"type": "R", "before": "one", "after": "a", "start_char_pos": 624, "end_char_pos": 627}, {"type": "R", "before": "one", "after": "a", "start_char_pos": 667, "end_char_pos": 670}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The", "start_char_pos": 721, "end_char_pos": 721}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the typical", "start_char_pos": 802, "end_char_pos": 802}, {"type": "R", "before": "solution. Although DNN-based solution can save considerable time in evacuation routing", "after": "routing solution. However", "start_char_pos": 811, "end_char_pos": 897}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 989, "end_char_pos": 989}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "emergency", "start_char_pos": 1026, "end_char_pos": 1026}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 173, 374, 539, 720, 820]} {"doc_id": "2103.04000", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The standard problem setting in Dec-POMDPs is self-play, where the goal is to find a set of policies that play optimally together. Policies learned through self-play may adopt arbitrary conventions and rely on multi-step counterfactual reasoning based on assumptions about other agents' actions and thus fail when paired with humans or independently trained agents . In contrast, no current methods can learn optimal policies that are fully grounded, i.e., do not rely on counterfactual information from observing other agents' actions. To address this, we present off-belief learning (OBL) : at each time step OBL agents assume that all past actions were taken by a given, fixed policy (\\pi_0), but that future actions will be taken by an optimal policy under these same assumptions . When \\pi_0 is uniform random, OBL learns the optimal grounded policy . OBL can be iterated in a hierarchy, where the optimal policy from one level becomes the input to the next . This introduces counterfactual reasoning in a controlled manner. Unlike independent RL which may converge to any equilibrium policy, OBL converges to a unique policy, making it more suitable for zero-shot coordination . OBL can be scaled to high-dimensional settings with a fictitious transition mechanism and shows strong performance in both a simple toy-setting and the benchmark human-AI /zero-shot coordination problem Hanabi.", "after_revision": "The standard problem setting in Dec-POMDPs is self-play, where the goal is to find a set of policies that play optimally together. Policies learned through self-play may adopt arbitrary conventions and implicitly rely on multi-step reasoning based on fragile assumptions about other agents' actions and thus fail when paired with humans or independently trained agents at test time. To address this, we present off-belief learning (OBL) . At each timestep OBL agents follow a policy \\pi_1 that is optimized assuming past actions were taken by a given, fixed policy (\\pi_0), but assuming that future actions will be taken by \\pi_1 . When \\pi_0 is uniform random, OBL converges to an optimal policy that does not rely on inferences based on other agents' behavior (an optimal grounded policy) . OBL can be iterated in a hierarchy, where the optimal policy from one level becomes the input to the next , thereby introducing multi-level cognitive reasoning in a controlled manner. Unlike existing approaches, which may converge to any equilibrium policy, OBL converges to a unique policy, making it suitable for zero-shot coordination (ZSC) . OBL can be scaled to high-dimensional settings with a fictitious transition mechanism and shows strong performance in both a toy-setting and the benchmark human-AI ZSC problem Hanabi.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "implicitly", "start_char_pos": 202, "end_char_pos": 202}, {"type": "D", "before": "counterfactual", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 222, "end_char_pos": 236}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "fragile", "start_char_pos": 256, "end_char_pos": 256}, {"type": "R", "before": ". In contrast, no current methods can learn optimal policies that are fully grounded, i.e., do not rely on counterfactual information from observing other agents' actions.", "after": "at test time.", "start_char_pos": 367, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "R", "before": ": at each time step OBL agents assume that all", "after": ". At each timestep OBL agents follow a policy \\pi_1 that is optimized assuming", "start_char_pos": 593, "end_char_pos": 639}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "assuming", "start_char_pos": 702, "end_char_pos": 702}, {"type": "R", "before": "an optimal policy under these same assumptions", "after": "\\pi_1", "start_char_pos": 740, "end_char_pos": 786}, {"type": "R", "before": "learns the optimal grounded policy", "after": "converges to an optimal policy that does not rely on inferences based on other agents' behavior (an optimal grounded policy)", "start_char_pos": 823, "end_char_pos": 857}, {"type": "R", "before": ". This introduces counterfactual", "after": ", thereby introducing multi-level cognitive", "start_char_pos": 966, "end_char_pos": 998}, {"type": "R", "before": "independent RL", "after": "existing approaches,", "start_char_pos": 1040, "end_char_pos": 1054}, {"type": "D", "before": "more", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1145, "end_char_pos": 1149}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "(ZSC)", "start_char_pos": 1186, "end_char_pos": 1186}, {"type": "D", "before": "simple", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1314, "end_char_pos": 1320}, {"type": "R", "before": "/zero-shot coordination", "after": "ZSC", "start_char_pos": 1360, "end_char_pos": 1383}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 130, 368, 538, 788, 967, 1032]} {"doc_id": "2103.05631", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The rigidity of a matrix A for target rank r is the minimum number of entries of A that need to be changed in order to obtain a matrix of rank at most r. Matrix rigidity was introduced by Valiant in 1977 as a tool to prove circuit lower bounds for linear functions and since then this notion has also found applications in other areas of complexity theory. Recently (arXiv 2021) , Alman proved that for any field \\mathbb{F, d\\geq 2 and arbitrary } matrices M_1, \\ldots, M_n \\in \\mathbb{F^{d\\times d}, one can get a d^n\\times d^n matrix of rank }%DIFDELCMD < \\le %%% d^{(1-\\gamma)n \\dots\\ge ^{ ( 1+\\varepsilon ) n } entries of the Kronecker product M = M_1\\otimes M_2\\otimes \\ldots\\otimes M_n\\le , where 1/\\gamma is roughly 2^d/\\varepsilon^2. In this note we improve this result in two directions. First, we do not require the matrices M_i to have equal size. Second, we reduce 1/\\gamma from exponential in d to roughly d^{3/2}/\\varepsilon^2 (where d is the maximum size of the matrices ), and to nearly linear (roughly d/\\varepsilon^2) for matrices M_i of sizes within a constant factor of each other. For the case of matrices of equal size, our bound matches the bound given by Dvir and Liu (\\textit{Theory of Computing, 2020 ) for the rigidity of generalized Walsh--Hadamard matrices (Kronecker powers of DFT matrices ), and improves their bounds for DFT matrices of abelian groups that are direct products of small groups .", "after_revision": "The rigidity of a matrix A for target rank r is the minimum number of entries of A that need to be changed in order to obtain a matrix of rank at most r. At MFCS'77, Valiant introduced matrix rigidity as a tool to prove circuit lower bounds for linear functions and since then this notion received much attention and found applications in other areas of complexity theory. , d\\geq 2 and arbitrary } The problem of constructing an explicit family of matrices that are sufficiently rigid for Valiant's reduction (Valiant-rigid) still remains open. Moreover, since 2017 most of the long-studied candidates have been shown not to be Valiant-rigid. Some of those former candidates for rigidity are Kronecker products of small matrices. In a recent paper (STOC'21), Alman gave a general non-rigidity result for such matrices: he showed that if an n\\times n matrix A (over any field) is a Kronecker product of d\\times d matrices M_1, ^{d\\times d}, one can get a d^n\\times d^n matrix of rank }%DIFDELCMD < \\le %%% \\dots, M_k (so n=d^k) (d\\ge 2) then changing only n ^{ 1+\\varepsilon } entries of A one can reduce its rank to\\le n^{1-\\gamma , where 1/\\gamma is roughly 2^d/\\varepsilon^2. In this note we improve this result in two directions. First, we do not require the matrices M_i to have equal size. Second, we reduce 1/\\gamma from exponential in d to roughly d^{3/2}/\\varepsilon^2 (where d is the maximum size of the matrices M_i ), and to nearly linear (roughly d/\\varepsilon^2) for matrices M_i of sizes within a constant factor of each other. \\textit{ As an application of our results we significantly expand the class of Hadamard matrices that are known not to be Valiant-rigid; these now include the Kronecker products of Paley-Hadamard matrices and Hadamard matrices of bounded size .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Matrix rigidity was introduced by Valiant in 1977", "after": "At MFCS'77, Valiant introduced matrix rigidity", "start_char_pos": 154, "end_char_pos": 203}, {"type": "R", "before": "has also", "after": "received much attention and", "start_char_pos": 292, "end_char_pos": 300}, {"type": "D", "before": "Recently (arXiv 2021) , Alman proved that for any field \\mathbb{F", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 357, "end_char_pos": 422}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The problem of constructing an explicit family of matrices that are sufficiently rigid for Valiant's reduction (Valiant-rigid) still remains open. Moreover, since 2017 most of the long-studied candidates have been shown not to be Valiant-rigid. Some of those former candidates for rigidity are Kronecker products of small matrices. In a recent paper (STOC'21), Alman gave a general non-rigidity result for such matrices: he showed that if an n\\times n matrix A (over any field) is a Kronecker product of d\\times d", "start_char_pos": 448, "end_char_pos": 448}, {"type": "D", "before": "\\ldots, M_n \\in \\mathbb{F", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 463, "end_char_pos": 488}, {"type": "D", "before": "d^{(1-\\gamma)n", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 567, "end_char_pos": 581}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", M_k (so n=d^k) (d", "start_char_pos": 587, "end_char_pos": 587}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "2) then changing only n", "start_char_pos": 591, "end_char_pos": 591}, {"type": "D", "before": "(", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 595, "end_char_pos": 596}, {"type": "D", "before": ") n", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 611, "end_char_pos": 614}, {"type": "R", "before": "the Kronecker product M = M_1\\otimes M_2\\otimes \\ldots\\otimes M_n", "after": "A one can reduce its rank to", "start_char_pos": 628, "end_char_pos": 693}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "n^{1-\\gamma", "start_char_pos": 697, "end_char_pos": 697}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "M_i", "start_char_pos": 989, "end_char_pos": 989}, {"type": "D", "before": "For the case of matrices of equal size, our bound matches the bound given by Dvir and Liu (", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1106, "end_char_pos": 1197}, {"type": "D", "before": "Theory of Computing, 2020", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1205, "end_char_pos": 1230}, {"type": "R", "before": ") for the rigidity of generalized Walsh--Hadamard matrices (Kronecker powers of DFT matrices ), and improves their bounds for DFT matrices of abelian groups that are direct products of small groups", "after": "As an application of our results we significantly expand the class of Hadamard matrices that are known not to be Valiant-rigid; these now include the Kronecker products of Paley-Hadamard matrices and Hadamard matrices of bounded size", "start_char_pos": 1231, "end_char_pos": 1428}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 356, 744, 799, 861, 1105]} {"doc_id": "2103.06874", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Pipelined NLP systems have largely been superseded by end-to-end neural modeling, yet nearly all commonly-used models still require an explicit tokenization step. While recent tokenization approaches based on data-derived subword lexicons are less brittle than manually engineered tokenizers, these techniques are not equally suited to all languages, and the use of any fixed vocabulary may limit a model's ability to adapt. In this paper, we present CANINE, a neural encoder that operates directly on character sequences--without explicit tokenization or vocabulary--and a pre-training strategy with soft inductive biases in place of hard token boundaries. To use its finer-grained input effectively and efficiently, CANINE combines downsampling, which reduces the input sequence length, with a deep transformer stack, which encodes con-text . CANINE outperforms a comparable mBERT model by >= 1 F1 on TyDi QA, a challenging multilingual benchmark, despite having 28\\% fewer model parameters.", "after_revision": "Pipelined NLP systems have largely been superseded by end-to-end neural modeling, yet nearly all commonly-used models still require an explicit tokenization step. While recent tokenization approaches based on data-derived subword lexicons are less brittle than manually engineered tokenizers, these techniques are not equally suited to all languages, and the use of any fixed vocabulary may limit a model's ability to adapt. In this paper, we present CANINE, a neural encoder that operates directly on character sequences, without explicit tokenization or vocabulary, and a pre-training strategy with soft inductive biases in place of hard token boundaries. To use its finer-grained input effectively and efficiently, CANINE combines downsampling, which reduces the input sequence length, with a deep transformer stack, which encodes context . CANINE outperforms a comparable mBERT model by >= 1 F1 on TyDi QA, a challenging multilingual benchmark, despite having 28\\% fewer model parameters.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "sequences--without", "after": "sequences, without", "start_char_pos": 512, "end_char_pos": 530}, {"type": "R", "before": "vocabulary--and", "after": "vocabulary, and", "start_char_pos": 556, "end_char_pos": 571}, {"type": "R", "before": "con-text", "after": "context", "start_char_pos": 834, "end_char_pos": 842}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 162, 424, 657, 844]} {"doc_id": "2103.10290", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Decision and control are two of the core functionalities of high-level automated vehicles. Current mainstream methods, such as functionality decomposition or end-to-end reinforcement learning (RL), either suffer high time complexity or poor interpretability and limited safety performance in real-world complex autonomous driving tasks. In this paper, we present an interpretable and efficient decision and control framework for automated vehicles, which decomposes the driving task into multi-path planning and optimal tracking that are structured hierarchically. First, the multi-path planning is to generate several paths only considering static constraints . Then, the optimal tracking is designed to track the optimal path while considering the dynamic obstacles. To that end, in theory, we formulate a constrained optimal control problem (OCP) for each candidate path, optimize them separately and choose the one with the best tracking performance to follow. More importantly , we propose a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm , which is served as an approximate constrained OCP solver , to unload the heavy computation by the paradigm of offline training and online application . Specifically, the OCPs for all paths are considered together to construct a multi-task RL problem and then solved offline by our algorithm into value and policy networks, for real-time online path selecting and tracking respectively. We verify our framework in both simulation and the real world. Results show that our method has better online computing efficiency and driving performance including traffic efficiency and safety compared with baseline methods . In addition, it yields great interpretability and adaptability among different driving tasks. The real road test also suggests that it is applicable in complicated traffic scenarios without even tuning .", "after_revision": "Decision and control are core functionalities of high-level automated vehicles. Current mainstream methods, such as functionality decomposition and end-to-end reinforcement learning (RL), either suffer high time complexity or poor interpretability and adaptability on real-world autonomous driving tasks. In this paper, we present an interpretable and computationally efficient framework called integrated decision and control (IDC) for automated vehicles, which decomposes the driving task into static path planning and dynamic optimal tracking that are structured hierarchically. First, the static path planning generates several candidate paths only considering static traffic elements . Then, the dynamic optimal tracking is designed to track the optimal path while considering the dynamic obstacles. To that end, we formulate a constrained optimal control problem (OCP) for each candidate path, optimize them separately and follow the one with the best tracking performance . To unload the heavy online computation , we propose a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that can be served as an approximate constrained OCP solver . Specifically, the OCPs for all paths are considered together to construct a single complete RL problem and then solved offline in the form of value and policy networks, for real-time online path selecting and tracking respectively. We verify our framework in both simulations and the real world. Results show that compared with baseline methods IDC has an order of magnitude higher online computing efficiency , as well as better driving performance including traffic efficiency and safety . In addition, it yields great interpretability and adaptability among different driving tasks. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also demonstrated in real road tests with complicated traffic conditions .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "two of the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 25, "end_char_pos": 35}, {"type": "R", "before": "or", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 155, "end_char_pos": 157}, {"type": "R", "before": "limited safety performance in", "after": "adaptability on", "start_char_pos": 262, "end_char_pos": 291}, {"type": "D", "before": "complex", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 303, "end_char_pos": 310}, {"type": "R", "before": "efficient", "after": "computationally efficient framework called integrated", "start_char_pos": 384, "end_char_pos": 393}, {"type": "R", "before": "framework", "after": "(IDC)", "start_char_pos": 415, "end_char_pos": 424}, {"type": "R", "before": "multi-path planning and", "after": "static path planning and dynamic", "start_char_pos": 488, "end_char_pos": 511}, {"type": "R", "before": "multi-path planning is to generate several", "after": "static path planning generates several candidate", "start_char_pos": 576, "end_char_pos": 618}, {"type": "R", "before": "constraints", "after": "traffic elements", "start_char_pos": 649, "end_char_pos": 660}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "dynamic", "start_char_pos": 673, "end_char_pos": 673}, {"type": "D", "before": "in theory,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 783, "end_char_pos": 793}, {"type": "R", "before": "choose", "after": "follow", "start_char_pos": 905, "end_char_pos": 911}, {"type": "R", "before": "to follow. 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Traditional NER models have good performance in recognising well-formed person names from text with consistent and complete syntax, such as news articles. However, user-generated documents such as academic homepages and articles in online forums may contain lots of free-form text with incomplete syntax and person names in various forms . To address person name recognition in this context, we propose a fine-grained annotation scheme based on anthroponymy. To take full advantage of the fine-grained annotations, we propose a Co-guided Neural Network (CogNN) for person name recognition. CogNN fully explore the intra-sentence context and rich training signals of name forms. However, the inter-sentence context and implicit relations, which are extremely essential for recognizing person names in long documents, are not captured. To address this issue, we propose a Multi-inference Overlapped BERT Model ( NameRec*)through an overlapped input processor, and an inter-sentence encoder with bidirectional overlapped contextual embedding learning and multiple inference mechanisms. NameRec* takes full advantage of inter-sentence context in long documents, while loses advantage for short documents without too much inter-sentence context. To derive benefit from different documents with diverse abundance of context, we further propose an advanced Adaptive Multi-inference Overlapping BERT Model ( Ada-NameRec* ) to dynamically adjust the inter-sentence overlapping ratio to different documents. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods on both academic homepages and news articles.", "after_revision": "In this paper, we introduce the NameRec* task, which aims to do highly accurate and fine-grained person name recognition. Traditional Named Entity Recognition models have good performance in recognising well-formed person names from text with consistent and complete syntax, such as news articles. However, there are rapidly growing scenarios where sentences are of incomplete syntax and names are in various forms such as user-generated contents and academic homepages . To address person name recognition in this context, we propose a fine-grained annotation scheme based on anthroponymy. To take full advantage of the fine-grained annotations, we propose a Co-guided Neural Network (CogNN) for person name recognition. CogNN fully explores the intra-sentence context and rich training signals of name forms. To better utilize the inter-sentence context and implicit relations, which are extremely essential for recognizing person names in long documents, we further propose an Inter-sentence BERT Model ( IsBERT). IsBERT has an overlapped input processor, and an inter-sentence encoder with bidirectional overlapped contextual embedding learning and multi-hop inference mechanisms. To derive benefit from different documents with a diverse abundance of context, we propose an advanced Adaptive Inter-sentence BERT Model ( Ada-IsBERT ) to dynamically adjust the inter-sentence overlapping ratio to different documents. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods on both academic homepages and news articles.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Person names are essential entities in the Named Entity Recognition (NER) task. Traditional NER", "after": "In this paper, we introduce the NameRec* task, which aims to do highly accurate and fine-grained person name recognition. 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To address this issue, we propose a Multi-inference Overlapped", "after": "we further propose an Inter-sentence", "start_char_pos": 897, "end_char_pos": 977}, {"type": "R", "before": "NameRec*)through", "after": "IsBERT). IsBERT has", "start_char_pos": 991, "end_char_pos": 1007}, {"type": "R", "before": "multiple", "after": "multi-hop", "start_char_pos": 1133, "end_char_pos": 1141}, {"type": "D", "before": "NameRec* takes full advantage of inter-sentence context in long documents, while loses advantage for short documents without too much inter-sentence context.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1164, "end_char_pos": 1321}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "a", "start_char_pos": 1370, "end_char_pos": 1370}, {"type": "D", "before": "further", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1404, "end_char_pos": 1411}, {"type": "R", "before": "Multi-inference Overlapping", "after": "Inter-sentence", "start_char_pos": 1441, "end_char_pos": 1468}, {"type": "R", "before": "Ada-NameRec*", "after": "Ada-IsBERT", "start_char_pos": 1482, "end_char_pos": 1494}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 79, 234, 420, 539, 670, 758, 914, 1163, 1321, 1579]} {"doc_id": "2103.11986", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "FoF1-ATP synthases are the ubiquitous membrane enzymes which catalyze ATP synthesis or ATP hydrolysisin reverse, respectively. Enzyme kinetics are controlled by internal subunit rotation, by substrate and product concentrations, by mechanical inhibitory mechanisms, but also by the electrochemical potential of protons across the membrane. By utilizing an Anti-Brownian electrokinetic trap (ABEL trap), single-molecule F\\\"orster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) -based subunit rotation monitoring was prolonged from milliseconds to seconds . The extended observation times for single proteoliposomes in solution allowed to observe fluctuating rotation rates of individual enzymes and to map the broad distributions of ATP-dependent calatytic rates in FoF1-ATP synthase . The buildup of an electrochemical potential of protons was confirmed to limit the maximum rate of ATP hydrolysis. In the presence of ionophores and uncouplers the fastest subunit rotation speeds measured in single reconstituted FoF1-ATP synthases were 180 full rounds per second , i. e. much faster than measured by biochemical ensemble averaging, but not as fast as the maximum rotational speed reported previoulsy for isolated single F1 fragments without coupling to the membrane-embedded Fo domain of the enzyme .", "after_revision": "FoF1-ATP synthases are ubiquitous membrane-bound, rotary motor enzymes that can catalyze ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. Their enzyme kinetics are controlled by internal subunit rotation, by substrate and product concentrations, by mechanical inhibitory mechanisms, but also by the electrochemical potential of protons across the membrane. Single-molecule F\\\"orster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) has been used to detect subunit rotation within FoF1-ATP synthases embedded in freely diffusing liposomes. We now report that kinetic monitoring of functional rotation can be prolonged from milliseconds to seconds by utilizing an Anti-Brownian electrokinetic trap (ABEL trap). These extended observation times allowed us to observe fluctuating rates of functional rotation for individual FoF1-liposomes in solution. Broad distributions of ATP-dependent catalytic rates were revealed . The buildup of an electrochemical potential of protons was confirmed to limit the maximum rate of ATP hydrolysis. In the presence of ionophores or uncouplers, the fastest subunit rotation speeds measured in single reconstituted FoF1-ATP synthases were 180 full rounds per second . This was much faster than measured by biochemical ensemble averaging, but not as fast as the maximum rotational speed reported previously for isolated single F1 complexes uncoupled from the membrane-embedded Fo complex. Further application of ABEL trap measurements should help resolve the mechanistic causes of such fluctuating rates of subunit rotation .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "the ubiquitous membrane enzymes which", "after": "ubiquitous membrane-bound, rotary motor enzymes that can", "start_char_pos": 23, "end_char_pos": 60}, {"type": "R", "before": "or ATP hydrolysisin reverse, respectively. Enzyme", "after": "and hydrolysis. Their enzyme", "start_char_pos": 84, "end_char_pos": 133}, {"type": "R", "before": "By utilizing an Anti-Brownian electrokinetic trap (ABEL trap), single-molecule", "after": "Single-molecule", "start_char_pos": 340, "end_char_pos": 418}, {"type": "R", "before": "-based subunit rotation monitoring was", "after": "has been used to detect subunit rotation within FoF1-ATP synthases embedded in freely diffusing liposomes. We now report that kinetic monitoring of functional rotation can be", "start_char_pos": 464, "end_char_pos": 502}, {"type": "R", "before": ". The", "after": "by utilizing an Anti-Brownian electrokinetic trap (ABEL trap). These", "start_char_pos": 542, "end_char_pos": 547}, {"type": "R", "before": "for single proteoliposomes in solution allowed", "after": "allowed us", "start_char_pos": 575, "end_char_pos": 621}, {"type": "R", "before": "rotation rates of individual enzymes and to map the broad", "after": "rates of functional rotation for individual FoF1-liposomes in solution. Broad", "start_char_pos": 645, "end_char_pos": 702}, {"type": "R", "before": "calatytic rates in FoF1-ATP synthase", "after": "catalytic rates were revealed", "start_char_pos": 734, "end_char_pos": 770}, {"type": "R", "before": "and uncouplers", "after": "or uncouplers,", "start_char_pos": 917, "end_char_pos": 931}, {"type": "R", "before": ", i. e.", "after": ". This was", "start_char_pos": 1052, "end_char_pos": 1059}, {"type": "R", "before": "previoulsy", "after": "previously", "start_char_pos": 1178, "end_char_pos": 1188}, {"type": "R", "before": "fragments without coupling to", "after": "complexes uncoupled from", "start_char_pos": 1212, "end_char_pos": 1241}, {"type": "R", "before": "domain of the enzyme", "after": "complex. Further application of ABEL trap measurements should help resolve the mechanistic causes of such fluctuating rates of subunit rotation", "start_char_pos": 1267, "end_char_pos": 1287}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 126, 339, 543, 772, 886]} {"doc_id": "2103.13581", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "Speaker recognition refers to audio biometrics that utilizes acoustic characteristics for automatic speaker recognition . These systems have emerged as an essential means of verifying identity in various scenarios, such as smart homes, general business interactions, e-commerce applications, and forensics. However, the mismatch between training and real-world data causes a shift of speaker embedding space and severely degrades the recognition performance . Various complicated neural architectures are presented to address speaker recognition in the wild but neglect storage and computation requirements. To address this issue , we propose a neural architecture search-based efficient time-delay neural network (EfficientTDNN) to improve inference efficiency while maintaining recognition accuracy. The proposed EfficientTDNN contains three phases . First, supernet designconstructs a dynamic neural architecture that consists of sequential cells and enables network pruning. Second , progressive training optimizes randomly sampled subnets that inherit the weights of the supernet . Third, three search methods, including manual grid search, random search, and model predictive evolutionary search, are introduced to find a trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. Results of experiments on the VoxCeleb dataset show EfficientTDNN provides a vast search space including approximately 10^{13 achieves 1.55\\% EER and 0.138 DCF_{0.01 with 565M MACs as well as 0.96\\% EER and 0.108 DCF_{0.01} with 1.46G MACs. Comprehensive investigation suggests that the trained supernet generalizes cells unseen during training and obtains an acceptable balance between accuracy and efficiency.", "after_revision": "Speaker recognition refers to audio biometrics that utilizes acoustic characteristics . These systems have emerged as an essential means of authenticating identity in various areas such as smart homes, general business interactions, e-commerce applications, and forensics. The mismatch between development and real-world data causes a shift of speaker embedding space and severely degrades the performance of speaker recognition. Extensive efforts have been devoted to address speaker recognition in the wild , but these often neglect computation and storage requirements. In this work , we propose an efficient time-delay neural network (EfficientTDNN) based on neural architecture search to improve inference efficiency while maintaining recognition accuracy. The proposed EfficientTDNN contains three phases : supernet design , progressive training , and architecture search. Firstly, we borrow the design of TDNN to construct a supernet that enables sampling subnets with different depth, kernel, and width. Secondly, the supernet is progressively trained with multi-condition data augmentation to mitigate interference between subnets and overcome the challenge of optimizing a huge search space. Thirdly, an accuracy predictor and efficiency estimator are proposed to use in the architecture search to derive the specialized subnet under the given efficiency constraints. Experimental results on the VoxCeleb dataset show EfficientTDNN achieves 1.55\\% equal error rate (EER) and 0.138 detection cost function (DCF_{0.01 with 565M multiply-accumulate operations (MACs) as well as 0.96\\% EER and 0.108 DCF_{0.01} with 1.46G MACs. Comprehensive investigations suggest that the trained supernet generalizes subnets not sampled during training and obtains a favorable trade-off between accuracy and efficiency.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "for automatic speaker recognition", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 86, "end_char_pos": 119}, {"type": "R", "before": "verifying", "after": "authenticating", "start_char_pos": 174, "end_char_pos": 183}, {"type": "R", "before": "scenarios,", "after": "areas", "start_char_pos": 204, "end_char_pos": 214}, {"type": "R", "before": "However, the mismatch between training", "after": "The mismatch between development", "start_char_pos": 307, "end_char_pos": 345}, {"type": "R", "before": "recognition performance . Various complicated neural architectures are presented", "after": "performance of speaker recognition. Extensive efforts have been devoted", "start_char_pos": 434, "end_char_pos": 514}, {"type": "R", "before": "but neglect storage and computation requirements. To address this issue", "after": ", but these often neglect computation and storage requirements. In this work", "start_char_pos": 558, "end_char_pos": 629}, {"type": "R", "before": "a neural architecture search-based", "after": "an", "start_char_pos": 643, "end_char_pos": 677}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "based on neural architecture search", "start_char_pos": 730, "end_char_pos": 730}, {"type": "R", "before": ". First, supernet designconstructs a dynamic neural architecture that consists of sequential cells and enables network pruning. Second", "after": ": supernet design", "start_char_pos": 852, "end_char_pos": 986}, {"type": "R", "before": "optimizes randomly sampled subnets that inherit the weights of the supernet . Third, three search methods, including manual grid search, random search, and model predictive evolutionary search, are introduced to find a trade-off between accuracy", "after": ", and architecture search. Firstly, we borrow the design of TDNN to construct a supernet that enables sampling subnets with different depth, kernel,", "start_char_pos": 1010, "end_char_pos": 1255}, {"type": "R", "before": "efficiency. Results of experiments", "after": "width. Secondly, the supernet is progressively trained with multi-condition data augmentation to mitigate interference between subnets and overcome the challenge of optimizing a huge search space. Thirdly, an accuracy predictor and efficiency estimator are proposed to use in the architecture search to derive the specialized subnet under the given efficiency constraints. Experimental results", "start_char_pos": 1260, "end_char_pos": 1294}, {"type": "D", "before": "provides a vast search space including approximately 10^{13", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1338, "end_char_pos": 1397}, {"type": "R", "before": "EER", "after": "equal error rate (EER)", "start_char_pos": 1414, "end_char_pos": 1417}, {"type": "R", "before": "DCF_{0.01", "after": "detection cost function (DCF_{0.01", "start_char_pos": 1428, "end_char_pos": 1437}, {"type": "R", "before": "MACs", "after": "multiply-accumulate operations (MACs)", "start_char_pos": 1448, "end_char_pos": 1452}, {"type": "R", "before": "investigation suggests", "after": "investigations suggest", "start_char_pos": 1527, "end_char_pos": 1549}, {"type": "R", "before": "cells unseen", "after": "subnets not sampled", "start_char_pos": 1588, "end_char_pos": 1600}, {"type": "R", "before": "an acceptable balance", "after": "a favorable trade-off", "start_char_pos": 1629, "end_char_pos": 1650}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 121, 306, 607, 802, 853, 979, 1087, 1271, 1512]} {"doc_id": "2103.14220", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "This paper investigates the impact of Reconstruction-era amnesty policy on the officeholding and wealth of planter elites in the postbellum U.S. South. Amnesty policy restricted the political and economic rights of the planter class for nearly three years during Reconstruction. The paper estimates the effects of being excepted from amnesty on elites' future wealth and political power using a regression discontinuity design . Results on a sample of delegates to Reconstruction conventions show that exclusion from amnesty substantially decreases the likelihood of holding political office . I find no evidence that exclusion from amnesty impacted later census wealth for Reconstruction delegates or for a larger sample of known slaveholders who lived in the South in 1860. These findings are in line with previous studies evidencing changes to the identity of the political elite and continuity of economic mobility for the planter elite across the Civil War and Reconstruction.", "after_revision": "This paper investigates the impact of Reconstruction-era amnesty policy on the officeholding and wealth of elites in the postbellum South. Amnesty policy restricted the political and economic rights of Southern elites for nearly three years during Reconstruction. I estimate the effect of being excluded from amnesty on elites' future wealth and political power using a regression discontinuity design that compares individuals just above and below a wealth threshold that determined exclusion from amnesty . Results on a sample of Reconstruction convention delegates show that exclusion from amnesty significantly decreased the likelihood of ex-post officeholding . I find no evidence that exclusion impacted later census wealth for Reconstruction delegates or for a larger sample of known slaveholders who lived in the South in 1860. These findings are in line with previous studies evidencing both changes to the identity of the political elite , and the continuity of economic mobility among the planter elite across the Civil War and Reconstruction.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "planter", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 107, "end_char_pos": 114}, {"type": "D", "before": "U.S.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 140, "end_char_pos": 144}, {"type": "R", "before": "the planter class", "after": "Southern elites", "start_char_pos": 215, "end_char_pos": 232}, {"type": "R", "before": "The paper estimates the effects of being excepted", "after": "I estimate the effect of being excluded", "start_char_pos": 279, "end_char_pos": 328}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "that compares individuals just above and below a wealth threshold that determined exclusion from amnesty", "start_char_pos": 427, "end_char_pos": 427}, {"type": "R", "before": "delegates to Reconstruction conventions", "after": "Reconstruction convention delegates", "start_char_pos": 453, "end_char_pos": 492}, {"type": "R", "before": "substantially decreases", "after": "significantly decreased", "start_char_pos": 526, "end_char_pos": 549}, {"type": "R", "before": "holding political office", "after": "ex-post officeholding", "start_char_pos": 568, "end_char_pos": 592}, {"type": "D", "before": "from amnesty", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 629, "end_char_pos": 641}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "both", "start_char_pos": 837, "end_char_pos": 837}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": ", and the", "start_char_pos": 885, "end_char_pos": 888}, {"type": "R", "before": "for", "after": "among", "start_char_pos": 921, "end_char_pos": 924}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 151, 278, 594, 776]} {"doc_id": "2103.14972", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "This paper describes a corpus annotation process to support the identification of hate speech and offensive language in social media. The corpus was collected from Instagram pages of political personalities and manually annotated, being composed by 7,000 documents annotated according to three different layers: a binary classification (offensive versus non-offensive comments ), the level of the offense (highly offensive, moderately offensive and slightly offensive messages), and the identification regarding the target of the discriminatory content (xenophobia, racism, homophobia, sexism, religion intolerance, partyism, apology to the dictatorship, antisemitism and fat phobia). Each comment was annotated by three different annotators, which achieved high inter-annotator agreement .", "after_revision": "This paper describes a corpus annotation process to support the identification of hate speech and offensive language in social media. In addition, we provide the first robust corpus this kind for the Brazilian Portuguese language. The corpus was collected from Instagram pages of political personalities and manually annotated, being composed by 7,000 documents annotated according to three different layers: a binary classification (offensive versus non-offensive language ), the level of offense (highly offensive, moderately offensive and slightly offensive messages), and the identification regarding the target of the discriminatory content (xenophobia, racism, homophobia, sexism, religion intolerance, partyism, apology to the dictatorship, antisemitism and fat phobia). Each comment was annotated by three different annotators, which achieved high inter-annotator agreement . The proposed annotation process is also language and domain independent .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "In addition, we provide the first robust corpus this kind for the Brazilian Portuguese language.", "start_char_pos": 134, "end_char_pos": 134}, {"type": "R", "before": "comments", "after": "language", "start_char_pos": 369, "end_char_pos": 377}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 394, "end_char_pos": 397}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ". The proposed annotation process is also language and domain independent", "start_char_pos": 790, "end_char_pos": 790}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 133, 312, 685]} {"doc_id": "2103.14972", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "This paper describes a corpus annotation process to support the identification of hate speech and offensive language in social media. In addition, we provide the first robust corpus this kind for the Brazilian Portuguese language. The corpus was collected from Instagram pages of political personalities and manually annotated, being composed by 7,000 documents annotated according to three different layers: a binary classification (offensive versus non-offensive language), the level of offense (highly offensive, moderately offensive and slightly offensive messages), and the identification regarding the target of the discriminatory content (xenophobia, racism, homophobia, sexism, religion intolerance, partyism, apology to the dictatorship, antisemitism and fat phobia). Each comment was annotated by three different annotators, which achieved high inter-annotator agreement. The proposed annotation process is also language and domain independent .", "after_revision": "This paper describes a corpus annotation process to support the identification of hate speech and offensive language in social media. In addition, we provide the first robust corpus this kind for the Brazilian Portuguese language. The corpus was collected from Instagram pages of political personalities and manually annotated, being composed by 7,000 documents annotated according to three different layers: a binary classification (offensive versus non-offensive language), the level of offense (highly offensive, moderately offensive and slightly offensive messages), and the identification regarding the target of the discriminatory content (xenophobia, racism, homophobia, sexism, religion intolerance, partyism, apology to the dictatorship, antisemitism and fat phobia). Each comment was annotated by three different annotators, which achieved high inter-annotator agreement. The proposed annotation approach is also language and domain independent , nevertheless, it was currently applied for Brazilian Portuguese .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "process", "after": "approach", "start_char_pos": 906, "end_char_pos": 913}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", nevertheless, it was currently applied for Brazilian Portuguese", "start_char_pos": 954, "end_char_pos": 954}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 133, 230, 408, 776, 881]} {"doc_id": "2103.14972", "revision_depth": "3", "before_revision": "This paperdescribes a corpus annotation process to support the identification of hate speech and offensive language in social media. In addition, we provide the first robust corpus this kind for the Brazilian Portuguese language. The corpus was collected from Instagram pages of political personalities and manually annotated, being composed by 7,000 documents annotated according to three different layers: a binary classification (offensive versus non-offensive language), the level of offense (highly offensive, moderately offensive and slightly offensive messages), and the identification regarding the target of the discriminatory content (xenophobia, racism, homophobia, sexism, religion intolerance, partyism, apology to the dictatorship, antisemitism and fat phobia). Each comment was annotated by three different annotators, which achieved high inter-annotator agreement. The proposed annotation approach is also language and domain independent, nevertheless, it was currently applied for Brazilian Portuguese .", "after_revision": "The understanding of an offense is subjective and people may have different opinions about the offensiveness of a comment. Also, offenses and hate speech may occur through sarcasm, which hides the real intention of the comment and makes the decision of the annotators more confusing. Therefore, provide a well-structured annotation process is crucial to a better understanding of hate speech and offensive language phenomena, as well as supply better performance for machine learning classifiers. In this paper, we describe a corpus annotation process , which was guided by a linguist, and a hate speech skilled to support the identification of hate speech and offensive language on social media. In addition, we provide the first robust corpus of this kind for the Brazilian Portuguese language. The corpus was collected from Instagram posts of political personalities and manually annotated, being composed by 7,000 documents annotated according to three different layers: a binary classification (offensive versus non-offensive language), the level of offense (highly offensive, moderately offensive , and slightly offensive messages), and the identification regarding the target of the discriminatory content (xenophobia, racism, homophobia, sexism, religious intolerance, partyism, apology to the dictatorship, antisemitism , and fat phobia). Each comment was annotated by three different annotators, and achieved high inter-annotator agreement. The new proposed annotation approach is also language and domain-independent (although it has been applied for Brazilian Portuguese ) .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "This paperdescribes", "after": "The understanding of an offense is subjective and people may have different opinions about the offensiveness of a comment. Also, offenses and hate speech may occur through sarcasm, which hides the real intention of the comment and makes the decision of the annotators more confusing. Therefore, provide a well-structured annotation process is crucial to a better understanding of hate speech and offensive language phenomena, as well as supply better performance for machine learning classifiers. In this paper, we describe", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 19}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", which was guided by a linguist, and a hate speech skilled", "start_char_pos": 48, "end_char_pos": 48}, {"type": "R", "before": "in", "after": "on", "start_char_pos": 117, "end_char_pos": 119}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "of", "start_char_pos": 182, "end_char_pos": 182}, {"type": "R", "before": "pages", "after": "posts", "start_char_pos": 272, "end_char_pos": 277}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 538, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "R", "before": "religion", "after": "religious", "start_char_pos": 688, "end_char_pos": 696}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 762, "end_char_pos": 762}, {"type": "R", "before": "which", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 838, "end_char_pos": 843}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "new", "start_char_pos": 889, "end_char_pos": 889}, {"type": "R", "before": "domain independent, nevertheless, it was currently", "after": "domain-independent (although it has been", "start_char_pos": 940, "end_char_pos": 990}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ")", "start_char_pos": 1024, "end_char_pos": 1024}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 133, 231, 409, 779, 884]} {"doc_id": "2103.15356", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Recently discovered simple quantitative relations knowns as bacterial growth laws hints on the existence of simple underlying principles at the heart of bacterial growth. In this work we provide a unifying picture on how these known relations, as well as new relations which we derive, stems from a universal autocatalytic network common to all bacteria, facilitating balanced exponential growth of individual cells. We show that the core of the cellular autocatalytic network is the transcription-translation machinery which by itself is an autocatalytic network composed of several coupled autocatalytic cycles like ribosome, RNA-polymerase and tRNA charging cycles. We derive two kinds of growth laws per autocatalytic cycle, relating growth rate to the relative fraction of the catalyst and its catalysis rate and relating growth rate to all the time-scales in the cycle. The autocatalytic network structure defines multiple growth regimes , determined by the limiting components . The number of growth regimes can be very large , while the number of growth laws obtained can be much smaller. We derive a growth law that accounts for RNA-polymerase auto-catalytic cycle, which we use to explain the dependence of growth rate on an inducible expression of rpoB and rpoC genes that code for RpoB and RpoC protein subunits of RNA-polymerase, and to explain how the concentration of rifampicin -- a drug that targets RNA-polymerase , affects growth rate without changing the RNA to protein ratio. We further derive growth laws for tRNA synthesis and charging and predict how perturbations to ribosome assembly or membrane synthesisaffect the growth rate .", "after_revision": "Recently discovered simple quantitative relations known as bacterial growth laws hints on the existence of simple underlying principles at the heart of bacterial growth. In this work we provide a unifying picture on how these known relations, as well as new relations which we derive, stems from a universal autocatalytic network common to all bacteria, facilitating balanced exponential growth of individual cells. We show that the core of the cellular autocatalytic network is the transcription--translation machinery -- in itself an autocatalytic network comprising several coupled autocatalytic cycles , including the ribosome, RNA polymerase, and tRNA charging cycles. We derive two types of growth laws per autocatalytic cycle, one relating growth rate to the relative fraction of the catalyst and its catalysis rate , and the other relating growth rate to all the time--scales in the cycle. The structure of the autocatalytic network generates numerous regimes in state space , determined by the limiting components , while the number of growth laws can be much smaller. We also derive a growth law that accounts for the RNA polymerase autocatalytic cycle, which we use to explain how growth rate depends on the inducible expression of the rpoB and rpoC genes , which code for the RpoB and RpoC protein subunits of RNA polymerase, and how the concentration of rifampicin , which targets RNA polymerase , affects growth rate without changing the RNA-to-protein ratio. We derive growth laws for tRNA synthesis and charging , and predict how growth rate depends on temperature, perturbation to ribosome assembly and membrane synthesis .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "knowns", "after": "known", "start_char_pos": 50, "end_char_pos": 56}, {"type": "R", "before": "transcription-translation machinery which by itself is", "after": "transcription--translation machinery -- in itself", "start_char_pos": 484, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "R", "before": "composed of", "after": "comprising", "start_char_pos": 564, "end_char_pos": 575}, {"type": "R", "before": "like ribosome, RNA-polymerase", "after": ", including the ribosome, RNA polymerase,", "start_char_pos": 613, "end_char_pos": 642}, {"type": "R", "before": "kinds", "after": "types", "start_char_pos": 683, "end_char_pos": 688}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "one", "start_char_pos": 729, "end_char_pos": 729}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": ", and the other", "start_char_pos": 815, "end_char_pos": 818}, {"type": "R", "before": "time-scales", "after": "time--scales", "start_char_pos": 851, "end_char_pos": 862}, {"type": "R", "before": "autocatalytic network structure defines multiple growth regimes", "after": "structure of the autocatalytic network generates numerous regimes in state space", "start_char_pos": 881, "end_char_pos": 944}, {"type": "D", "before": ". The number of growth regimes can be very large", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 985, "end_char_pos": 1033}, {"type": "D", "before": "obtained", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1068, "end_char_pos": 1076}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "also", "start_char_pos": 1101, "end_char_pos": 1101}, {"type": "R", "before": "RNA-polymerase auto-catalytic", "after": "the RNA polymerase autocatalytic", "start_char_pos": 1140, "end_char_pos": 1169}, {"type": "R", "before": "the dependence of growth rate on an", "after": "how growth rate depends on the", "start_char_pos": 1201, "end_char_pos": 1236}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 1261, "end_char_pos": 1261}, {"type": "R", "before": "that code for", "after": ", which code for the", "start_char_pos": 1282, "end_char_pos": 1295}, {"type": "R", "before": "RNA-polymerase, and to explain", "after": "RNA polymerase, and", "start_char_pos": 1330, "end_char_pos": 1360}, {"type": "R", "before": "-- a drug that targets RNA-polymerase", "after": ", which targets RNA polymerase", "start_char_pos": 1397, "end_char_pos": 1434}, {"type": "R", "before": "RNA to protein", "after": "RNA-to-protein", "start_char_pos": 1478, "end_char_pos": 1492}, {"type": "D", "before": "further", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1503, "end_char_pos": 1510}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1562, "end_char_pos": 1562}, {"type": "R", "before": "perturbations", "after": "growth rate depends on temperature, perturbation", "start_char_pos": 1579, "end_char_pos": 1592}, {"type": "R", "before": "or membrane synthesisaffect the growth rate", "after": "and membrane synthesis", "start_char_pos": 1614, "end_char_pos": 1657}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 170, 416, 668, 876, 986, 1097, 1499]} {"doc_id": "2104.00207", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In this article, we consider colorable variations of the Unit Disk Cover ({\\it UDC}) problem as follows. {\\it k-Colorable Discrete Unit Disk Cover ({\\it k-CDUDC})}: Given a set P of n points, and a set D of m unit disks (of radius=1), both lying in the plane, and a parameter k, the objective is to compute a set D'\\subseteq D such that every point in P is covered by at least one disk in D' and there exists a function \\chi:D'\\rightarrow C that assigns colors to disks in D' such that for any d and d' in D' if d\\cap d'\\neq\\emptyset, then \\chi(d)\\neq\\chi(d'), where C denotes a set containing k distinct colors. For the {\\it k-CDUDC} problem, our proposed algorithms approximate the number of colors used in the coloring if there exists a k-colorable cover. We first propose a 4-approximation algorithm in O(m^{7k}n\\log k) time for this problem , where k is a positive integer . The previous best known result for the problem when k=3 is due to the recent work of Biedl et al. CCCG 2019 , who proposed a 2-approximation algorithm in O(m^{25}n) time. For k=3, our algorithm runs in O(m^{ 21 }n) time, faster than the previous best algorithm, but gives a 4-approximate result. We then generalize our approach to yield a family of \\rho\\lceil{\\tau}}\\rceil -approximation algorithms in O(m^{\\alpha kn\\log k) time, where (\\rho,\\alpha)\\in \\{(4, 7), (6,5), (7, 5), (9,4)\\}. We further generalize this to exhibit a O(1{\\tau})-approximation } algorithm in O(m^{ \\alpha\\lfloor{\\sqrt{12}}}\\rfloor k}n\\log k) time for a given grid width 1 \\leq \\tau \\leq 2, where \\alpha=O(\\tau^2). We also extend our algorithm to solve the {\\it k-Colorable Line Segment Disk Cover ({\\it k-CLSDC})} and {\\it k-Colorable Rectangular Region Cover ({\\it k-CRRC})} problems, in which instead of the set P of n points, we are given a set S of n line segments, and a rectangular region \\cal R, respectively.", "after_revision": "In this article, we consider colorable variations of the Unit Disk Cover ({\\it UDC}) problem as follows. {\\it k-Colorable Discrete Unit Disk Cover ({\\it k-CDUDC})}: Given a set P of n points, and a set D of m unit disks (of radius=1), both lying in the plane, and a parameter k, the objective is to compute a set D'\\subseteq D such that every point in P is covered by at least one disk in D' and there exists a function \\chi:D'\\rightarrow C that assigns colors to disks in D' such that for any d and d' in D' if d\\cap d'\\neq\\emptyset, then \\chi(d)\\neq\\chi(d'), where C denotes a set containing k distinct colors. For the {\\it k-CDUDC} problem, our proposed algorithms approximate the number of colors used in the coloring if there exists a k-colorable cover. We first propose a 4-approximation algorithm in O(m^{7k}n\\log k) time for this problem and then show that the running time can be improved by a multiplicative factor of m^k, where a positive integer k denotes the cardinality of a color-set . The previous best known result for the problem when k=3 is due to the recent work of Biedl et al. , (2021), who proposed a 2-approximation algorithm in O(m^{25}n) time. For k=3, our algorithm runs in O(m^{ 18 }n) time, faster than the previous best algorithm, but gives a 4-approximate result. We then generalize our approach to exhibit a O((1+\\lceil\\frac{2{\\tau}}\\rceil)^2) -approximation n\\log k) time, where (\\rho,\\alpha)\\in \\{(4, 7), (6,5), (7, 5), (9,4)\\}. We further generalize this to exhibit a O(1{\\tau})-approximation } algorithm in O(m^{ (\\lfloor\\frac{4\\pi+8\\tau+\\tau^2{\\sqrt{12}}}\\rfloor) k}n\\log k) time for a given 1 \\leq \\tau \\leq 2. We also extend our algorithm to solve the {\\it k-Colorable Line Segment Disk Cover ({\\it k-CLSDC})} and {\\it k-Colorable Rectangular Region Cover ({\\it k-CRRC})} problems, in which instead of the set P of n points, we are given a set S of n line segments, and a rectangular region \\cal R, respectively.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": ", where k is", "after": "and then show that the running time can be improved by a multiplicative factor of m^k, where", "start_char_pos": 846, "end_char_pos": 858}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "k denotes the cardinality of a color-set", "start_char_pos": 878, "end_char_pos": 878}, {"type": "D", "before": "CCCG 2019", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 979, "end_char_pos": 988}, {"type": "R", "before": ",", "after": ", (2021),", "start_char_pos": 989, "end_char_pos": 990}, {"type": "R", "before": "21", "after": "18", "start_char_pos": 1089, "end_char_pos": 1091}, {"type": "R", "before": "yield a family of \\rho", "after": "exhibit a O((1+", "start_char_pos": 1212, "end_char_pos": 1234}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\\frac{2", "start_char_pos": 1240, "end_char_pos": 1240}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ")^2)", "start_char_pos": 1253, "end_char_pos": 1253}, {"type": "D", "before": "algorithms in O(m^{\\alpha k", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1269, "end_char_pos": 1296}, {"type": "R", "before": "\\alpha", "after": "(", "start_char_pos": 1454, "end_char_pos": 1460}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\\frac{4\\pi+8\\tau+\\tau^2", "start_char_pos": 1467, "end_char_pos": 1467}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ")", "start_char_pos": 1486, "end_char_pos": 1486}, {"type": "D", "before": "grid width", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1515, "end_char_pos": 1525}, {"type": "R", "before": "2, where \\alpha=O(\\tau^2).", "after": "2.", "start_char_pos": 1543, "end_char_pos": 1569}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 104, 164, 612, 758, 880, 978, 1051, 1176, 1367, 1569]} {"doc_id": "2104.00213", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In this paper, we investigate projection-based intrusive and data-driven non-intrusive model order reduction (MOR) methods in the numerical simulation of the rotating thermal shallow water equation (RTSWE) in parametric and non-parametric form. The RTSWE is a non-canonical Hamiltonian partial differential equation (PDE) with the associated conserved quantities, i.e., Hamiltonian (energy), mass, buoyancy, and the total vorticity. Discretization of the RTSWE in space with centered finite differences leads to Hamiltonian system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with linear and quadratic terms. The intrusive reduced-order model (ROM) is constructed with the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) with the Galerkin projection (POD-G) . We apply the operator inference (OpInf) with re-projection for non-intrusive reduced-order modeling. The OpInf non-intrusively learns a reduced model from state snapshot and time derivative which approximate the evolution of the RTSWE within a low-dimensional subspace. The OpInf data sampling scheme to obtain re-projected trajectories of the RTSWE corresponding to Markovian dynamics in low-dimensional subspaces, recovers of reduced models with high accuracy. In the parametric case, for both methods, we make use of the parameter dependency at the level of the PDE without interpolating between the reduced operators. The least-squares problem of the OpInf is regularized with the minimum norm solution. Both reduced models are able to accurately re-predict the training data and capture much of the overall system behavior in the prediction period. Due to re-projection, the OpInf is more costly than the POG-G, nevertheless, speed-up factors of order two are achieved for both ROMs. Numerical results demonstrate that the conserved quantities of the RTSWE are preserved for both ROMs over time and the long-term stability of the reduced solutions is achieved .", "after_revision": "In this paper, we investigate projection-based intrusive and data-driven non-intrusive model order reduction methods in numerical simulation of rotating thermal shallow water equation (RTSWE) in parametric and non-parametric form. Discretization of the RTSWE in space with centered finite differences leads to Hamiltonian system of ordinary differential equations with linear and quadratic terms. The full-order model (FOM) is obtained by applying linearly implicit Kahan's method in time. Applying proper orthogonal decomposition with Galerkin projection (POD-G) , we construct the intrusive reduced-order model (ROM) . We apply operator inference (OpInf) with re-projection for non-intrusive reduced-order modeling. In the parametric case, we make use of the parameter dependency at the level of the PDE without interpolating between the reduced operators. The least-squares problem of the OpInf is regularized with the minimum norm solution. Both ROMs behave similar and are able to accurately predict the test and training data and capture system behavior in the prediction phase with several orders of computational speedup over the FOM. The preservation of system physics such as the conserved quantities of the RTSWE by both ROMs enables that the models fit better to data and stable solutions are obtained in long-term predictions, which are robust to parameter changes .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "(MOR) methods in the", "after": "methods in", "start_char_pos": 109, "end_char_pos": 129}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 154, "end_char_pos": 157}, {"type": "D", "before": "The RTSWE is a non-canonical Hamiltonian partial differential equation (PDE) with the associated conserved quantities, i.e., Hamiltonian (energy), mass, buoyancy, and the total vorticity.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 245, "end_char_pos": 432}, {"type": "D", "before": "(ODEs)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 566, "end_char_pos": 572}, {"type": "R", "before": "intrusive reduced-order model (ROM) is constructed with the", "after": "full-order model (FOM) is obtained by applying linearly implicit Kahan's method in time. 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The preservation of system physics such as", "start_char_pos": 1594, "end_char_pos": 1771}, {"type": "R", "before": "are preserved for both ROMs over time and the", "after": "by both ROMs enables that the models fit better to data and stable solutions are obtained in", "start_char_pos": 1810, "end_char_pos": 1855}, {"type": "R", "before": "stability of the reduced solutions is achieved", "after": "predictions, which are robust to parameter changes", "start_char_pos": 1866, "end_char_pos": 1912}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 244, 432, 605, 848, 1017, 1210, 1369, 1455, 1601]} {"doc_id": "2104.01131", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Social media plays a pivotal role in disseminating news across the globe and acts as a platform for people to express their opinions on a variety of topics. COVID-19 vaccination drives across the globe are accompanied by a wide variety of expressed opinions , often colored by emotions . We extracted a corpus of Twitter posts related to COVID-19 vaccination and created two classes of lexical categories- Emotions and Influencing factors. Using unsupervised word embeddings, we tracked the longitudinal change in the latent space of the lexical categories in five countries with strong vaccine roll-out programs, i.e. India, USA , Brazil, UK , and Australia. Nearly 600 thousand vaccine-related tweets from the United States and India were analyzed for an overall understanding of the situation around the world for the time period of 8 months from June 2020 to January 2021. Cosine distance between lexical categories was used to create similarity networks and modules using community detection algorithms . We demonstrate that negative emotions like hesitancy towards vaccines have a high correlation with health-related effects and misinformation. These associations formed a major module with the highest importance in the network formed for January 2021, when millions of vaccines were administered . The relationship between emotions and influencing factors were found to be variable across the countries . By extracting and visualizing these, we propose that such a framework may be helpful in guiding the design of effective vaccine campaigns and can be used by policymakers for modeling vaccine uptake .", "after_revision": "Social media plays a pivotal role in disseminating news globally and acts as a platform for people to express their opinions on various topics. A wide variety of views accompanies COVID-19 vaccination drives across the globe , often colored by emotions , which change along with rising cases, approval of vaccines, and multiple factors discussed online. This study aims at analyzing the temporal evolution of different Emotion categories: Hesitation, Rage, Sorrow, Anticipation, Faith, and Contentment with Influencing Factors: Vaccine Rollout, Misinformation, Health Effects, and Inequities as lexical categories created from Tweets belonging to five countries with vital vaccine roll-out programs, namely, India, United States of America , Brazil, United Kingdom , and Australia. We extracted a corpus of nearly 1.8 million Twitter posts related to COVID-19 vaccination. Using cosine distance from selected seed words, we expanded the vocabulary of each category and tracked the longitudinal change in their strength from June 2020 to April 2021. We used community detection algorithms to find modules in positive correlation networks. Our findings suggest that tweets expressing hesitancy towards vaccines contain the highest mentions of health-related effects in all countries. Our results indicated that the patterns of hesitancy were variable across geographies and can help us learn targeted interventions. We also observed a significant change in the linear trends of categories like hesitation and contentment before and after approval of vaccines. Negative emotions like rage and sorrow gained the highest importance in the alluvial diagram. They formed a significant module with all the influencing factors in April 2021, when India observed the second wave of COVID-19 cases . The relationship between Emotions and Influencing Factors was found to be variable across the countries .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "across the globe", "after": "globally", "start_char_pos": 56, "end_char_pos": 72}, {"type": "R", "before": "a variety of topics.", "after": "various topics. 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By extracting and visualizing these, we propose that such a framework may be helpful in guiding the design of effective vaccine campaigns and can be used by policymakers for modeling vaccine uptake", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1412, "end_char_pos": 1611}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 156, 287, 439, 659, 876, 1009, 1151, 1306, 1413]} {"doc_id": "2104.04572", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Securing a safe-driving circumstance for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) continues to be a widespread concern despite various sophisticated functions delivered by artificial intelligence for in-vehicle devices. Besides, diverse malicious network attacks become ubiquitous along with the worldwide implementation of the Internet of Vehicles, which exposes a range of reliability and privacy threats for managing data in CAV networks. Combined with another fact that CAVs are now limited in handling intensive computation tasks , it thus renders a pressing demand of designing an efficient assessment system to guarantee autonomous driving safety without compromising data security. To thisend, we propose in this article a novel framework of Blockchain-enabled intElligent Safe-driving assessmenT (BEST) to offer a smart and reliable approach for conducting safe driving supervision while protecting vehicular information. Specifically, a promising solution of exploiting a long short-term memory algorithm is first introduced in detail for an intElligent Safe-driving assessmenT (EST) scheme. To further facilitate the EST, we demonstrate how a distributed blockchain obtains adequate efficiency, trustworthiness and resilience with an adopted byzantine fault tolerance-based delegated proof-of-stake consensus mechanism. Moreover, several challenges and discussions regarding the future research of this BEST architecture are presented .", "after_revision": "Securing safe-driving for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) continues to be a widespread concern despite various sophisticated functions delivered by artificial intelligence for in-vehicle devices. Besides, diverse malicious network attacks become ubiquitous along with the worldwide implementation of the Internet of Vehicles, which exposes a range of reliability and privacy threats for managing data in CAV networks. Combined with the fact that the capability of existing CAVs in handling intensive computation tasks is limited, this implies a need for designing an efficient assessment system to guarantee autonomous driving safety without compromising data security. Motivated by this, in this article , we propose a novel framework , namely Blockchain-enabled intElligent Safe-driving assessmenT (BEST) , that offers a smart and reliable approach for conducting safe driving supervision while protecting vehicular information. Specifically, a promising solution that exploits a long short-term memory model is introduced to assess the safety level of the moving CAVs. Then, we investigate how a distributed blockchain obtains adequate trustworthiness and robustness for CAV data by adopting a byzantine fault tolerance-based delegated proof-of-stake consensus mechanism. Simulation results demonstrate that our presented BEST gains better data credibility with a higher prediction accuracy for vehicular safety assessment when compared with existing schemes. Finally, we discuss several open challenges that need to be addressed in future CAV networks .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "a", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 9, "end_char_pos": 10}, {"type": "D", "before": "circumstance", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 24, "end_char_pos": 36}, {"type": "R", "before": "another fact that CAVs are now limited", "after": "the fact that the capability of existing CAVs", "start_char_pos": 456, "end_char_pos": 494}, {"type": "R", "before": ", it thus renders a pressing demand of", "after": "is limited, this implies a need for", "start_char_pos": 535, "end_char_pos": 573}, {"type": "R", "before": "To thisend, we propose", "after": "Motivated by this,", "start_char_pos": 690, "end_char_pos": 712}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", we propose", "start_char_pos": 729, "end_char_pos": 729}, {"type": "R", "before": "of", "after": ", namely", "start_char_pos": 748, "end_char_pos": 750}, {"type": "R", "before": "to offer", "after": ", that offers", "start_char_pos": 813, "end_char_pos": 821}, {"type": "R", "before": "of exploiting", "after": "that exploits", "start_char_pos": 967, "end_char_pos": 980}, {"type": "R", "before": "algorithm is first introduced in detail for an intElligent Safe-driving assessmenT (EST) scheme. 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Finally, we discuss several open challenges that need to be addressed in future CAV networks", "start_char_pos": 1332, "end_char_pos": 1446}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 219, 441, 689, 931, 1102, 1331]} {"doc_id": "2104.04731", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The success of Deep Artificial Neural Networks (DNNs) in many domains created a rich body of research concerned with hardware accelerators for compute-intensive DNN operators. However, implementing such operators efficiently with complex instructions such as matrix multiply is a task not yet automated gracefully. Solving this task often requires complex program and memory layout transformations . First solutions to this problem have been proposed, such as TVM or ISAMIR, which work on a loop-level representation of operators and rewrite the program before an instruction embedding into the operator is performed . This top-down approach creates a tension between exploration range and search space complexity .In this work, we propose a new approach to this problem. We have created a bottom-up method that allows the direct generation of implementations based on an accelerator's instruction set . By formulating the embedding as a constraint satisfaction problem over the scalar dataflow, every possible embedding solution is contained in the search space. By adding additional constraints , a solver can produce the subset of preferable solutions. A detailed evaluation using the VTA hardware accelerator with the Baidu DeepBench inference benchmark suite shows that our approach can automatically generate code competitive to reference implementations , and furthermore that memory layout flexibilty can be beneficial for overall performance. While the reference implementation achieves very low hardware utilization due to its fixed embedding strategy, we achieve a geomean speedup of up to x2 .49, while individual operators can improve as much as x238 .", "after_revision": "The success of Deep Artificial Neural Networks (DNNs) in many domains created a rich body of research concerned with hardwareaccelerators for compute-intensive DNN operators. However, implementing such operators efficiently with complex hardwareintrinsics such as matrix multiply is a task not yet automated gracefully. Solving this task often requires joint program and data layouttransformations . First solutions to this problem have been proposed, such as TVM , UNIT or ISAMIR, which work on a loop-levelrepresentation of operators and specify data layout and possible program transformations before the embedding into the operator isperformed . This top-down approach creates a tension between exploration range and search space complexity , especially when alsoexploring data layout transformations such as im2col, channel packing or padding .In this work, we propose a new approach to this problem. We created a bottom-up method that allows the joint transformation ofboth compuation and data layout based on the found embedding . By formulating the embedding as a constraint satisfaction problemover the scalar dataflow, every possible embedding solution is contained in the search space. Adding additional constraints andoptmization targets to the solver generates the subset of preferable solutions. An evaluation using the VTA hardware accelerator with the Baidu DeepBench inference benchmark shows that our approach canautomatically generate code competitive to reference implementations . Further, we show that dynamically determining the data layoutbased on intrinsic and workload is beneficial for hardware utilization and performance. In cases where the reference implementationhas low hardware utilization due to its fixed deployment strategy, we achieve a geomean speedup of up to x2 .813, while individualoperators can improve as much as x170 .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "hardware accelerators", "after": "hardwareaccelerators", "start_char_pos": 117, "end_char_pos": 138}, {"type": "R", "before": "instructions", "after": "hardwareintrinsics", "start_char_pos": 238, "end_char_pos": 250}, {"type": "R", "before": "complex program and memory layout transformations", "after": "joint program and data layouttransformations", "start_char_pos": 348, "end_char_pos": 397}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", UNIT", "start_char_pos": 464, "end_char_pos": 464}, {"type": "R", "before": "loop-level representation", "after": "loop-levelrepresentation", "start_char_pos": 492, "end_char_pos": 517}, {"type": "R", "before": "rewrite the program before an instruction", "after": "specify data layout and possible program transformations before the", "start_char_pos": 535, "end_char_pos": 576}, {"type": "R", "before": "is performed", "after": "isperformed", "start_char_pos": 605, "end_char_pos": 617}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", especially when alsoexploring data layout transformations such as im2col, channel packing or padding", "start_char_pos": 715, "end_char_pos": 715}, {"type": "D", "before": "have", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 777, "end_char_pos": 781}, {"type": "R", "before": "direct generation of implementations based on an accelerator's instruction set", "after": "joint transformation ofboth compuation and data layout based on the found embedding", "start_char_pos": 825, "end_char_pos": 903}, {"type": "R", "before": "problem over", "after": "problemover", "start_char_pos": 964, "end_char_pos": 976}, {"type": "R", "before": "By adding additional constraints , a solver can produce", "after": "Adding additional constraints andoptmization targets to the solver generates", "start_char_pos": 1066, "end_char_pos": 1121}, {"type": "R", "before": "A detailed", "after": "An", "start_char_pos": 1158, "end_char_pos": 1168}, {"type": "D", "before": "suite", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1260, "end_char_pos": 1265}, {"type": "R", "before": "can automatically", "after": "canautomatically", "start_char_pos": 1290, "end_char_pos": 1307}, {"type": "R", "before": ", and furthermore that memory layout flexibilty can be beneficial for overall performance. While the reference implementation achieves very", "after": ". Further, we show that dynamically determining the data layoutbased on intrinsic and workload is beneficial for hardware utilization and performance. In cases where the reference implementationhas", "start_char_pos": 1363, "end_char_pos": 1502}, {"type": "R", "before": "embedding", "after": "deployment", "start_char_pos": 1545, "end_char_pos": 1554}, {"type": "R", "before": ".49, while individual operators", "after": ".813, while individualoperators", "start_char_pos": 1606, "end_char_pos": 1637}, {"type": "R", "before": "x238", "after": "x170", "start_char_pos": 1661, "end_char_pos": 1665}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 175, 314, 399, 619, 717, 773, 905, 1065, 1157, 1453]} {"doc_id": "2104.04945", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "We propose an enhancement technique of the Class Activation Mapping methods like Grad-CAM or Excitation Backpropagation, which presents visual explanations of decisions from CNN-based models. Our idea, called Gradual Extrapolation, can supplement any method that generates a heatmap picture by sharpening the output. Instead of producing a coarse localization map highlighting the important predictive regions in the image, our method outputs the specific shape that most contributes to the model output. Thus, it improves the accuracy of saliency maps. Effect has been achieved by gradual propagation of the crude map obtained in deep layer through all preceding layers with respect to their activations. In validation tests conducted on a selected set of images, the proposed method significantly improved the localization detection of the neural networks ' attention . Furthermore, the proposed method is applicable to any deep neural network model.", "after_revision": "In this paper, an enhancement technique for the class activation mapping methods such as gradient-weighted class activation maps or excitation backpropagation is proposed to present the visual explanations of decisions from convolutional neural network-based models. The proposed idea, called Gradual Extrapolation, can supplement any method that generates a heatmap picture by sharpening the output. Instead of producing a coarse localization map that highlights the important predictive regions in the image, the proposed method outputs the specific shape that most contributes to the model output. Thus, the proposed method improves the accuracy of saliency maps. The effect has been achieved by the gradual propagation of the crude map obtained in the deep layer through all preceding layers with respect to their activations. In validation tests conducted on a selected set of images, the faithfulness, interpretability, and applicability of the method are evaluated. The proposed technique significantly improves the localization detection of the neural networks attention at low additional computational costs . Furthermore, the proposed method is applicable to a variety deep neural network models. The code for the method can be found at URL", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "We propose", "after": "In this paper,", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 10}, {"type": "R", "before": "of the Class Activation Mapping methods like Grad-CAM or Excitation Backpropagation, which presents", "after": "for the class activation mapping methods such as gradient-weighted class activation maps or excitation backpropagation is proposed to present the", "start_char_pos": 36, "end_char_pos": 135}, {"type": "R", "before": "CNN-based models. Our", "after": "convolutional neural network-based models. 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The code for the method can be found at URL", "start_char_pos": 948, "end_char_pos": 954}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 191, 316, 504, 553, 707, 873]} {"doc_id": "2104.08570", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Despite the fact that natural language conversations with machines represent one of the central objectives of AI , and despite the massive increase of research and development efforts in conversational AI, task-oriented dialogue (ToD) -- i.e., conversations with an artificial agent with the aim of completing a concrete task -- is currently limited to a few narrow domains (e.g., food ordering, ticket booking) and a handful of major languages (e.g., English, Chinese). In this work , we provide an extensive overview of existing efforts in multilingual ToD and analyse the factors preventing the development of truly multilingual ToD systems . We identify two main challenges that combined hinder the faster progress in multilingual ToD: (1) current state-of-the-art ToD models based on large pretrained neural language models are data hungry; at the same time (2) data acquisition for ToD use cases is expensive and tedious. Most existing approaches to multilingual ToD thus rely on (zero- or few-shot) cross-lingual transfer from resource-rich languages ( in ToD, this is basically only English), either by means of (i) machine translation or (ii) multilingual representation spaces. However, such approaches are currently not a viable solution for a large number of low-resource languages without parallel data and /or limited monolingual corpora . Finally, we discuss critical challenges and potential solutions by drawing parallels between ToD and other cross-lingual and multilingual NLP research .", "after_revision": "In task-oriented dialogue (ToD), a user holds a conversation with an artificial agent to complete a concrete task. Although this technology represents one of the central objectives of AI and has been the focus of ever more intense research and development efforts , it is currently limited to a few narrow domains (e.g., food ordering, ticket booking) and a handful of languages (e.g., English, Chinese). This work provides an extensive overview of existing methods and resources in multilingual ToD as an entry point to this exciting and emerging field. We find that the most critical factor preventing the creation of truly multilingual ToD systems is the lack of datasets in most languages for both training and evaluation. In fact, acquiring annotations or human feedback for each component of modular systems or for data-hungry end-to-end systems is expensive and tedious. Hence, state-of-the-art approaches to multilingual ToD mostly rely on (zero- or few-shot) cross-lingual transfer from resource-rich languages ( almost exclusively English), either by means of machine translation or multilingual representations. These approaches are currently viable only for typologically similar languages and languages with parallel / monolingual corpora available. On the other hand, their effectiveness beyond these boundaries is doubtful or hard to assess due to the lack of linguistically diverse benchmarks (especially for natural language generation and end-to-end evaluation). To overcome this limitation, we draw parallels between components of the ToD pipeline and other NLP tasks, which can inspire solutions for learning in low-resource scenarios. Finally, we list additional challenges that multilinguality poses for related areas (such as speech and human-centred evaluation), and indicate future directions that hold promise to further expand language coverage and dialogue capabilities of current ToD systems .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Despite the fact that natural language conversations with machines represent", "after": "In task-oriented dialogue (ToD), a user holds a conversation with an artificial agent to complete a concrete task. 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Finally, we list additional challenges that multilinguality poses for related areas (such as speech and human-centred evaluation), and indicate future directions that hold promise to further expand language coverage and dialogue capabilities of current ToD systems", "start_char_pos": 1455, "end_char_pos": 1504}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 470, 645, 845, 927, 1187, 1353]} {"doc_id": "2104.12265", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "This paper presents a new approach for offensive language and hate speech detection on social media. Our approach incorporate an offensive lexicon composed by implicit and explicit offensive and swearing expressions annotated with binary classes: context-dependent and context-independent offensive. Due to the severity of the hate speech and offensive comments in Brazil, and the lack of research in Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese is the language used to validate our method. However, the proposal may be applied to any other language or domain. Based on the obtained results, the proposed approach showed high performance results overcoming the current baselines for European and Brazilian Portuguese.", "after_revision": "This paper provides a new approach for offensive language and hate speech detection on social media. Our approach incorporates an offensive lexicon composed of implicit and explicit offensive and swearing expressions annotated with binary classes: context-dependent and context-independent offensive. Due to the severity of the hate speech and offensive comments in Brazil, and the lack of research in Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese is the language used to validate the proposed method. Nevertheless, our proposal may be applied to any other language or domain. Based on the obtained results, the proposed approach showed high-performance overcoming the current baselines for European and Brazilian Portuguese.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "presents", "after": "provides", "start_char_pos": 11, "end_char_pos": 19}, {"type": "R", "before": "incorporate", "after": "incorporates", "start_char_pos": 114, "end_char_pos": 125}, {"type": "R", "before": "by", "after": "of", "start_char_pos": 156, "end_char_pos": 158}, {"type": "R", "before": "our method. However, the", "after": "the proposed method. Nevertheless, our", "start_char_pos": 467, "end_char_pos": 491}, {"type": "R", "before": "high performance results", "after": "high-performance", "start_char_pos": 609, "end_char_pos": 633}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 100, 299, 478, 548]} {"doc_id": "2104.12345", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Lie detection is considered a concern for everyone in their day to day life given its impact on human interactions. Hence, people are normally not only pay attention to what their interlocutors are saying but also try to inspect their visual appearances, including faces, to find any signs that indicate whether the person is telling the truth or not. Unfortunately to date, the automatic lie detection , which may help us to understand this lying characteristics are still fairly limited . Mainly due to lack of a lie dataset and corresponding evaluations . In this work, we have collected a dataset that contains annotated images and 3D information of different participants faces during a card game that incentivise the lying . Using our collected dataset, we evaluated several types of machine learning based lie detector through generalize, personal and cross lie lie experiments. In these experiments, we showed the superiority of deep learning based model in recognizing the lie with best accuracyof 57\\\\%DIF < for generalized task and 63\\\\% when dealing with a single participant. Finally, we also highlight the limitation of the deep learning based lie detector when dealing with different types of lie tasks.\\end{abstract} %DIF > for the generalization task and 63\\\\% when dealing with a single participant. Finally, we also highlight the limitation of the deep learning based lie detector when dealing with cross-domain lie detection tasks.", "after_revision": "Lie detection is considered a concern for everyone in their day to day life given its impact on human interactions. Thus, people normally pay attention to both what their interlocutors are saying and also to their visual appearances, including faces, to try to find any signs that indicate whether the person is telling the truth or not. While automatic lie detection may help us to understand this lying characteristics , current systems are still fairly limited , partly due to lack of adequate datasets to evaluate their performance in realistic scenarios . In this work, we have collected an annotated dataset of facial images, comprising both 2D and 3D information of several participants during a card game that encourages players to lie . Using our collected dataset, We evaluated several types of machine learning-based lie detectors in terms of their generalization, person-specific and cross-domain experiments. Our results show that models based on deep learning achieve the best accuracy, reaching up to 57\\\\%DIF < for generalized task and 63\\\\% when dealing with a single participant. Finally, we also highlight the limitation of the deep learning based lie detector when dealing with different types of lie tasks.\\end{abstract} %DIF > for the generalization task and 63\\\\% when dealing with a single participant. Finally, we also highlight the limitation of the deep learning based lie detector when dealing with cross-domain lie detection tasks.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Hence, people are normally not only", "after": "Thus, people normally", "start_char_pos": 116, "end_char_pos": 151}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "both", "start_char_pos": 169, "end_char_pos": 169}, {"type": "R", "before": "but also try to inspect", "after": "and also to", "start_char_pos": 206, "end_char_pos": 229}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "try to", "start_char_pos": 276, "end_char_pos": 276}, {"type": "R", "before": "Unfortunately to date, the", "after": "While", "start_char_pos": 354, "end_char_pos": 380}, {"type": "D", "before": ", which", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 405, "end_char_pos": 412}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", current systems", "start_char_pos": 466, "end_char_pos": 466}, {"type": "R", "before": ". 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In these experiments, we showed the superiority of deep learning based model in recognizing the lie with best accuracyof", "after": "learning-based lie detectors in terms of their generalization, person-specific and cross-domain experiments. Our results show that models based on deep learning achieve the best accuracy, reaching up to", "start_char_pos": 801, "end_char_pos": 1009}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 115, 353, 561, 733, 888, 1091, 1221, 1320]} {"doc_id": "2104.13640", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Societal biases resonate in the retrieved contents of information retrieval (IR) systems, resulting in reinforcing existing stereotypes. Approaching this issue requires established measures of fairness regarding the representation of various social groups in retrieved contents , as well as methods to mitigate such biases, particularly in the light of the advances in deep ranking models. In this work, we first provide a novel framework to measure the fairness in the retrieved text contents of ranking models. Introducing a ranker-agnostic measurement, the framework also enables the disentanglement of the effect on fairness of collection from that of rankers. Second , we propose an adversarial bias mitigation approach applied to the state-of-the-art Bert rankers , which jointly learns to predict relevance and remove protected attributes. We conduct experiments on two passage retrieval collections ( MS MARCO Passage Re-ranking and TREC Deep Learning 2019 Passage Re-ranking), which we extend by fairness annotations of a selected subset of queries regarding gender attributes. Our results on the MS MARCO benchmark show that, while the fairness of all ranking models is lower than the ones of ranker-agnostic baselines, the fairness in retrieved contents significantly improves when applying the proposed adversarial training . Lastly, we investigate the trade-off between fairness and utility, showing that through applying a combinatorial model selection method, we can maintain the significant improvements in fairness without any significant loss in utility.", "after_revision": "Societal biases resonate in the retrieved contents of information retrieval (IR) systems, resulting in reinforcing existing stereotypes. Approaching this issue requires established measures of fairness in respect to the representation of various social groups in retrieval results , as well as methods to mitigate such biases, particularly in the light of the advances in deep ranking models. In this work, we first provide a novel framework to measure the fairness in the retrieved text contents of ranking models. Introducing a ranker-agnostic measurement, the framework also enables the disentanglement of the effect on fairness of collection from that of rankers. To mitigate these biases , we propose AdvBert, a ranking model achieved by adapting adversarial bias mitigation for IR , which jointly learns to predict relevance and remove protected attributes. We conduct experiments on two passage retrieval collections ( MSMARCO Passage Re-ranking and TREC Deep Learning 2019 Passage Re-ranking), which we extend by fairness annotations of a selected subset of queries regarding gender attributes. Our results on the MSMARCO benchmark show that, (1) all ranking models are less fair in comparison with ranker-agnostic baselines, and (2) the fairness of Bert rankers significantly improves when using the proposed AdvBert models . Lastly, we investigate the trade-off between fairness and utility, showing that we can maintain the significant improvements in fairness without any significant loss in utility.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "regarding", "after": "in respect to", "start_char_pos": 202, "end_char_pos": 211}, {"type": "R", "before": "retrieved contents", "after": "retrieval results", "start_char_pos": 259, "end_char_pos": 277}, {"type": "R", "before": "Second", "after": "To mitigate these biases", "start_char_pos": 665, "end_char_pos": 671}, {"type": "R", "before": "an", "after": "AdvBert, a ranking model achieved by adapting", "start_char_pos": 685, "end_char_pos": 687}, {"type": "R", "before": "approach applied to the state-of-the-art Bert rankers", "after": "for IR", "start_char_pos": 716, "end_char_pos": 769}, {"type": "R", "before": "MS MARCO", "after": "MSMARCO", "start_char_pos": 909, "end_char_pos": 917}, {"type": "R", "before": "MS MARCO", "after": "MSMARCO", "start_char_pos": 1106, "end_char_pos": 1114}, {"type": "R", "before": "while the fairness of", "after": "(1)", "start_char_pos": 1136, "end_char_pos": 1157}, {"type": "R", "before": "is lower than the ones of", "after": "are less fair in comparison with", "start_char_pos": 1177, "end_char_pos": 1202}, {"type": "R", "before": "the fairness in retrieved contents", "after": "and (2) the fairness of Bert rankers", "start_char_pos": 1230, "end_char_pos": 1264}, {"type": "R", "before": "applying the proposed adversarial training", "after": "using the proposed AdvBert models", "start_char_pos": 1293, "end_char_pos": 1335}, {"type": "D", "before": "through applying a combinatorial model selection method,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1418, "end_char_pos": 1474}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 136, 389, 512, 664, 846, 1086]} {"doc_id": "2104.14654", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Mean field games (MFG) facilitate the otherwise intractable reinforcement learning (RL) in large-scale multi-agent systems (MAS) , through reducing interplays among agents to those between a representative individual agent and the mass of the population. While , RL agents are notoriously prone to unexpected behaviours due to reward mis-specification. This problem is exacerbated by an expanding scale of MAS. Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) provides a framework to automatically acquire proper reward functions from expert demonstrations. Extending IRL to MFG , however, is challenging due to the complex notion of mean-field-type equilibria and the coupling between agent-level and population-level dynamics. To this end, we propose mean field inverse reinforcement learning (MFIRL), a novel model-free IRL framework for MFG . We derive the algorithm based on a new equilibrium concept that incorporates entropy regularization, and the maximum entropy IRL framework. Experimental results on simulated environments demonstrate that MFIRL is sample efficient and can accurately recover the ground-truth reward functions , compared to the state-of-the-art method.", "after_revision": "Mean field games (MFG) facilitate the application of reinforcement learning (RL) in large-scale multi-agent systems , through reducing interplays among agents to those between an individual agent and the average effect from the population. However , RL agents are notoriously prone to unexpected behaviours due to the reward mis-specification. Although inverse RL (IRL) holds promise for automatically acquiring suitable rewards from demonstrations, its extension to MFG is challenging due to the complicated notion of mean-field-type equilibria and the coupling between agent-level and population-level dynamics. To this end, we propose a novel IRL framework for MFG , called Mean Field IRL (MFIRL), where we build upon a new equilibrium concept and the maximum entropy IRL framework. Crucially, MFIRL is brought forward as the first IRL method that can recover the agent-level ( ground-truth ) reward functions for MFG. Experiments show the superior performance of MFIRL on sample efficiency, reward recovery and robustness against varying environment dynamics , compared to the state-of-the-art method.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "otherwise intractable", "after": "application of", "start_char_pos": 38, "end_char_pos": 59}, {"type": "D", "before": "(MAS)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 123, "end_char_pos": 128}, {"type": "R", "before": "a representative", "after": "an", "start_char_pos": 189, "end_char_pos": 205}, {"type": "R", "before": "mass of", "after": "average effect from", "start_char_pos": 231, "end_char_pos": 238}, {"type": "R", "before": "While", "after": "However", "start_char_pos": 255, "end_char_pos": 260}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 327, "end_char_pos": 327}, {"type": "R", "before": "This problem is exacerbated by an expanding scale of MAS. 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Experiments show the superior performance of MFIRL on sample efficiency, reward recovery and robustness against varying environment dynamics", "start_char_pos": 1110, "end_char_pos": 1126}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 254, 353, 411, 546, 717, 975]} {"doc_id": "2105.03052", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "This work considers a novel information design problem and studies how the craft of payoff-relevant environmental signals solely can influence the behaviors of intelligent agents. The agents' strategic interactions are captured by an incomplete-information Markov game, in which each agent first selects one environmental signal from multiple signal sources as additional payoff-relevant information and then takes an action. There is a rational information designer (principal) who possesses one signal source and aims to control the equilibrium behaviors of the agents by designing the information structure of her signals sent to the agents. An obedient principle is established which states that it is without loss of generality to focus on the direct information design when the information design incentivizes each agent to select the signal sent by the principal, such that the design process avoids the predictions of the agents' strategic selection behaviors. Based on the obedient principle, we introduce the design protocol given a goal of the principal referred to as obedient implementability (OIL) and study a Myersonian information design that characterizes the OIL in a class of obedient sequential Markov perfect Bayesian equilibria (O-SMPBE ). A framework is proposed based on an approach which we refer to as the fixed-point alignment that incentivizes the agents to choose the signal sent by the principal, makes sure that the agents' policy profile of taking actions is the policy component of an O-SMPBE, and the principal's goal is achieved . The proposed approach can be applied to elicit desired behaviors of multi-agent systems in competing as well as cooperating settings and be extended to heterogeneous stochastic games in the complete- and the incomplete-information environments.", "after_revision": "This work considers a novel information design problem and studies how the craft of payoff-relevant environmental signals solely can influence the behaviors of intelligent agents. The agents' strategic interactions are captured by a Markov game, in which each agent first selects one external signal from multiple signal sources as additional payoff-relevant information and then takes an action. There is a rational information designer (principal) who possesses one signal source and aims to influence the equilibrium behaviors of the agents by designing the information structure of her signals sent to the agents. We propose a direct information design approach that incentivizes each agent to select the signal sent by the principal, such that the design process avoids the predictions of the agents' strategic selection behaviors. We then introduce the design protocol given a goal of the designer which we refer to as obedient implementability (OIL) and characterize the OIL in a class of obedient sequential Markov perfect equilibria (O-SMPE ). A design regime is proposed based on an approach which we refer to as the fixed-point alignment that incentivizes the agents to choose the signal sent by the principal, guarantees that the agents' policy profile of taking actions is the policy component of an O-SMPE and the principal's goal is achieved . We then formulate the principal's optimal goal selection problem in terms of information design and characterize the optimization problem by minimizing the fixed-point misalignments . The proposed approach can be applied to elicit desired behaviors of multi-agent systems in competing as well as cooperating settings and be extended to heterogeneous stochastic games in the complete- and the incomplete-information environments.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "an incomplete-information", "after": "a", "start_char_pos": 231, "end_char_pos": 256}, {"type": "R", "before": "environmental", "after": "external", "start_char_pos": 308, "end_char_pos": 321}, {"type": "R", "before": "control", "after": "influence", "start_char_pos": 523, "end_char_pos": 530}, {"type": "R", "before": "An obedient principle is established which states that it is without loss of generality to focus on the", "after": "We propose a", "start_char_pos": 645, "end_char_pos": 748}, {"type": "R", "before": "when the information design", "after": "approach that", "start_char_pos": 775, "end_char_pos": 802}, {"type": "R", "before": "Based on the obedient principle, we", "after": "We then", "start_char_pos": 969, "end_char_pos": 1004}, {"type": "R", "before": "principal referred", "after": "designer which we refer", "start_char_pos": 1055, "end_char_pos": 1073}, {"type": "R", "before": "study a Myersonian information design that characterizes", "after": "characterize", "start_char_pos": 1116, "end_char_pos": 1172}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bayesian equilibria (O-SMPBE", "after": "equilibria (O-SMPE", "start_char_pos": 1230, "end_char_pos": 1258}, {"type": "R", "before": "framework", "after": "design regime", "start_char_pos": 1264, "end_char_pos": 1273}, {"type": "R", "before": "makes sure", "after": "guarantees", "start_char_pos": 1427, "end_char_pos": 1437}, {"type": "R", "before": "O-SMPBE,", "after": "O-SMPE", "start_char_pos": 1518, "end_char_pos": 1526}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ". We then formulate the principal's optimal goal selection problem in terms of information design and characterize the optimization problem by minimizing the fixed-point misalignments", "start_char_pos": 1564, "end_char_pos": 1564}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 179, 425, 644, 968, 1261, 1566]} {"doc_id": "2105.03625", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Making profits in stock market is a challenging task for both professional institutional investors and individual traders . With the development combination of quantitative trading and reinforcement learning, more trading algorithms have achieved significant gains beyond the benchmark model Buy Hold (B H) . There is a certain gap between these algorithms and the real trading decision making scenarios. On the one hand, they only consider trading signals while ignoring the number of transactions. On the other hand, the information level considered by these algorithms is not rich enough, which limits the performance of these algorithms. Thus, we propose an algorithm called the Multi-frequency Continuous-share Trading algorithm with GARCH (MCTG) to solve the problems above, which consists of parallel network layers and deep reinforcement learning . The former is composed of three parallel network layers , respectively dealing with different frequencies (five minute, one day, one week) data, and day level considers the volatilities of stocks. The latter with a continuous action space of the reinforcement learning algorithm is used to solve the problem of trading stock shares . Experiments in different industries of Chinese stock market show our method achieves more extra profit comparing with basic DRL methods and bench model .", "after_revision": "It is a difficult task for both professional investors and individual traders continuously making profit in stock market . With the development of computer science and deep reinforcement learning, Buy\\& Hold (B \\&H) has been oversteped by many artificial intelligence trading algorithms. However, the information and process are not enough, which limit the performance of reinforcement learning algorithms. Thus, we propose a parallel-network continuous quantitative trading model with GARCH and PPO to enrich the basical deep reinforcement learning model, where the deep learning parallel network layers deal with 3 different frequencies data (including GARCH information) and proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm interacts actions and rewards with stock trading environment . Experiments in 5 stocks from Chinese stock market show our method achieves more extra profit comparing with basical reinforcement learning methods and bench models .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Making profits in stock market is a challenging", "after": "It is a difficult", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 47}, {"type": "D", "before": "institutional", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 75, "end_char_pos": 88}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "continuously making profit in stock market", "start_char_pos": 122, "end_char_pos": 122}, {"type": "R", "before": "combination of quantitative trading and", "after": "of computer science and deep", "start_char_pos": 146, "end_char_pos": 185}, {"type": "R", "before": "more trading algorithms have achieved significant gains beyond the benchmark model Buy", "after": "Buy\\&", "start_char_pos": 210, "end_char_pos": 296}, {"type": "R", "before": "H) . There is a certain gap between these algorithms and the real trading decision making scenarios. On the one hand, they only consider trading signals while ignoring the number of transactions. On the other hand, the information level considered by these algorithms is not rich", "after": "\\&H) has been oversteped by many artificial intelligence trading algorithms. However, the information and process are not", "start_char_pos": 305, "end_char_pos": 584}, {"type": "R", "before": "limits", "after": "limit", "start_char_pos": 599, "end_char_pos": 605}, {"type": "R", "before": "these", "after": "reinforcement learning", "start_char_pos": 625, "end_char_pos": 630}, {"type": "R", "before": "an algorithm called the Multi-frequency Continuous-share Trading algorithm with GARCH (MCTG) to solve the problems above, which consists of parallel network layers and", "after": "a parallel-network continuous quantitative trading model with GARCH and PPO to enrich the basical", "start_char_pos": 660, "end_char_pos": 827}, {"type": "R", "before": ". The former is composed of three", "after": "model, where the deep learning", "start_char_pos": 856, "end_char_pos": 889}, {"type": "R", "before": ", respectively dealing with different frequencies (five minute, one day, one week) data, and day level considers the volatilities of stocks. The latter with a continuous action space of the reinforcement learning algorithm is used to solve the problem of trading stock shares", "after": "deal with 3 different frequencies data (including GARCH information) and proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm interacts actions and rewards with stock trading environment", "start_char_pos": 914, "end_char_pos": 1189}, {"type": "R", "before": "different industries of", "after": "5 stocks from", "start_char_pos": 1207, "end_char_pos": 1230}, {"type": "R", "before": "basic DRL", "after": "basical reinforcement learning", "start_char_pos": 1310, "end_char_pos": 1319}, {"type": "R", "before": "model", "after": "models", "start_char_pos": 1338, "end_char_pos": 1343}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 124, 405, 500, 642, 857, 1054]} {"doc_id": "2105.05381", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Deep ensemble learning aims to improve the classification accuracy by training several neural networks and fusing their outputs. It has been widely shown to improve accuracy. At the same time, ensemble learning has also been proposed to mitigate privacy leakage in terms of membership inference (MI), where the goal of an attacker is to infer whether a particular data sample has been used to train a target model . In this paper, we show that these two goals of ensemble learning, namely improving accuracy and privacy , directly conflict with each other . Using a wide range of datasets and model architectures, we empirically demonstrate the trade-off between privacy and accuracy in deep ensemble learning. We find that ensembling can improve either privacy or accuracy, but not both simultaneously -- when ensembling improves the classification accuracy, the effectiveness of the MI attack also increases. We analyze various factors that contribute to such privacy leakage in ensembling such as prediction confidence and agreement between models that constitute the ensemble. Our evaluation of defenses against MI attacks , such as regularization and differential privacy , shows that they can mitigate the effectiveness of the MI attackbut simultaneously degrade ensemble accuracy. The source code is available at URL", "after_revision": "Deep ensemble learning has been shown to improve accuracy by training multiple neural networks and fusing their outputs. Ensemble learning has also been used to defend against membership inference attacks that undermine privacy . In this paper, we empirically demonstrate a trade-off between these two goals , namely accuracy and privacy (in terms of membership inference attacks), in deep ensembles . Using a wide range of datasets and model architectures, we show that the effectiveness of membership inference attacks also increases when ensembling improves accuracy. To better understand this trade-off, we study the impact of various factors such as prediction confidence and agreement between models that constitute the ensemble. Finally, we evaluate defenses against membership inference attacks based on regularization and differential privacy . We show that while these defenses can mitigate the effectiveness of the membership inference attack, they simultaneously degrade ensemble accuracy. The source code is available at URL", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "aims to improve the classification", "after": "has been shown to improve", "start_char_pos": 23, "end_char_pos": 57}, {"type": "R", "before": "several", "after": "multiple", "start_char_pos": 79, "end_char_pos": 86}, {"type": "R", "before": "It has been widely shown to improve accuracy. At the same time, ensemble", "after": "Ensemble", "start_char_pos": 129, "end_char_pos": 201}, {"type": "R", "before": "proposed to mitigate privacy leakage in terms of membership inference (MI), where the goal of an attacker is to infer whether a particular data sample has been used to train a target model", "after": "used to defend against membership inference attacks that undermine privacy", "start_char_pos": 225, "end_char_pos": 413}, {"type": "R", "before": "show that", "after": "empirically demonstrate a trade-off between", "start_char_pos": 434, "end_char_pos": 443}, {"type": "R", "before": "of ensemble learning, namely improving", "after": ", namely", "start_char_pos": 460, "end_char_pos": 498}, {"type": "R", "before": ", directly conflict with each other", "after": "(in terms of membership inference attacks), in deep ensembles", "start_char_pos": 520, "end_char_pos": 555}, {"type": "R", "before": "empirically demonstrate the trade-off between privacy and accuracy in deep ensemble learning. We find that ensembling can improve either privacy or accuracy, but not both simultaneously --", "after": "show that the effectiveness of membership inference attacks also increases", "start_char_pos": 617, "end_char_pos": 805}, {"type": "R", "before": "the classification accuracy, the effectiveness of the MI attack also increases. We analyze various factors that contribute to such privacy leakage in ensembling such", "after": "accuracy. To better understand this trade-off, we study the impact of various factors such", "start_char_pos": 831, "end_char_pos": 996}, {"type": "R", "before": "Our evaluation of defenses against MI attacks , such as", "after": "Finally, we evaluate defenses against membership inference attacks based on", "start_char_pos": 1081, "end_char_pos": 1136}, {"type": "R", "before": ", shows that they", "after": ". We show that while these defenses", "start_char_pos": 1177, "end_char_pos": 1194}, {"type": "R", "before": "MI attackbut", "after": "membership inference attack, they", "start_char_pos": 1233, "end_char_pos": 1245}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 128, 174, 415, 710, 910, 1080, 1287]} {"doc_id": "2105.08233", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Being able to efficiently and accurately select the top-k elements without privacy leakage is an integral component of various data analysis tasks and has gained significant attention . In this paper, we introduce theoneshot mechanism , a fast, low-distortion, and differentially private primitive for the top-k problem. Compared with existing approaches in the literature, our algorithm adds Laplace noise to the counts and releases the top-k noisy counts and their estimates in a oneshot fashion, thereby substantially reducing the computational cost while maintaining satisfying utility. Our /}\\eps proof of privacy for this mechanism relies on a novel coupling technique that is of independent theoretical interest . Finally, we apply the oneshot mechanism to multiple hypothesis testing and ranking from pairwise comparisons and thus obtain their differentially private counterparts .", "after_revision": "Being able to efficiently and accurately select the top-k elements with differential privacy is an integral component of various private data analysis tasks . In this paper, we present the oneshot Laplace mechanism, which generalizes the well-known Report Noisy Max mechanism to reporting noisy top-k elements. We show that the oneshot Laplace mechanism with a noise level of (\\sqrt{k/}\\eps) is approximately differentially private. Compared to the previous peeling approach of running Report Noisy Max k times, the oneshot Laplace mechanism only adds noises and computes the top k elements once, hence much more efficient for large k. In addition, our proof of privacy relies on a novel coupling technique that bypasses the use of composition theorems . Finally, we present a novel application of efficient top-k selection in the classical problem of ranking from pairwise comparisons .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "without privacy leakage", "after": "with differential privacy", "start_char_pos": 67, "end_char_pos": 90}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "private", "start_char_pos": 127, "end_char_pos": 127}, {"type": "D", "before": "and has gained significant attention", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 148, "end_char_pos": 184}, {"type": "D", "before": "introduce the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 205, "end_char_pos": 218}, {"type": "D", "before": "oneshot mechanism", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 218, "end_char_pos": 235}, {"type": "R", "before": ", a fast, low-distortion, and differentially private primitive for the", "after": "present the oneshot Laplace mechanism, which generalizes the well-known Report Noisy Max mechanism to reporting noisy", "start_char_pos": 236, "end_char_pos": 306}, {"type": "R", "before": "problem. Compared with existing approaches in the literature, our algorithm adds Laplace noise to the counts and releases the top-k noisy counts and their estimates in a oneshot fashion, thereby substantially reducing the computational cost while maintaining satisfying utility. Our", "after": "elements. We show that the oneshot Laplace mechanism with a noise level of", "start_char_pos": 313, "end_char_pos": 595}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "(\\sqrt{k", "start_char_pos": 596, "end_char_pos": 596}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ") is approximately differentially private. Compared to the previous peeling approach of running Report Noisy Max k times, the oneshot Laplace mechanism only adds noises and computes the top k elements once, hence much more efficient for large k. In addition, our", "start_char_pos": 602, "end_char_pos": 602}, {"type": "D", "before": "for this mechanism", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 620, "end_char_pos": 638}, {"type": "R", "before": "is of independent theoretical interest", "after": "bypasses the use of composition theorems", "start_char_pos": 681, "end_char_pos": 719}, {"type": "R", "before": "apply the oneshot mechanism to multiple hypothesis testing and", "after": "present a novel application of efficient top-k selection in the classical problem of", "start_char_pos": 734, "end_char_pos": 796}, {"type": "D", "before": "and thus obtain their differentially private counterparts", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 831, "end_char_pos": 888}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 186, 321, 591, 721]} {"doc_id": "2105.09540", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The increasing concerns about data privacy and security drives the emergence of a new field of studying privacy-preserving machine learning from isolated data sources, i.e., federated learning . Vertical federated learning, where different parties hold different features for common users, has a great potential of driving a more variety of business cooperation among enterprises in different fields. Decision tree models especially decision tree ensembles are a class of widely applied powerful machine learning models with high interpretability and modeling efficiency. However, the interpretability are compromised in these works such as SecureBoost since the feature names are not exposed to avoid possible data breaches due to the unprotected decision path. In this paper, we shall propose Fed-EINI , an efficient and interpretable inference framework for federated decision tree models with only one round of multi-party communication. We shall compute the candidate sets of leaf nodes based on the local data at each party in parallel, followed by securely computing the weight of the only leaf node in the intersection of the candidate sets. We propose to protect the decision path by the efficient additively homomorphic encryption method, which allows the disclosure of feature names and thus makes the federated decision trees interpretable . The advantages of Fed-EINI will be demonstrated through theoretical analysis and extensive numerical results. Experiments show that the inference efficiency is improved by over 50%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIF < in average.\\end{abstract}", "after_revision": "The increasing concerns about data privacy and security drive an emerging field of studying privacy-preserving machine learning from isolated data sources, i.e., federated learning. A class of federated learning, vertical federated learning, where different parties hold different features for common users, has a great potential of driving a more variety of business cooperation among enterprises in many fields. In machine learning, decision tree ensembles such as gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) and random forest are widely applied powerful models with high interpretability and modeling efficiency. However, the interpretability is compromised in state-of-the-art vertical federated learning frameworks such as SecureBoost with anonymous features to avoid possible data breaches . To address this issue in the inference process, in this paper, we propose Fed-EINI to protect data privacy and allow the disclosure of feature meaning by concealing decision paths with a communication-efficient secure computation method for inference outputs . The advantages of Fed-EINI will be demonstrated through both theoretical analysis and extensive numerical results. %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIF < in average.\\end{abstract}", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "drives the emergence of a new", "after": "drive an emerging", "start_char_pos": 56, "end_char_pos": 85}, {"type": "D", "before": "federated learning", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 174, "end_char_pos": 192}, {"type": "R", "before": ". Vertical", "after": "federated learning. A class of", "start_char_pos": 193, "end_char_pos": 203}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "vertical federated learning,", "start_char_pos": 224, "end_char_pos": 224}, {"type": "R", "before": "different fields. Decision tree models especially", "after": "many fields. In machine learning,", "start_char_pos": 384, "end_char_pos": 433}, {"type": "R", "before": "are a class of", "after": "such as gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) and random forest are", "start_char_pos": 458, "end_char_pos": 472}, {"type": "D", "before": "machine learning", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 497, "end_char_pos": 513}, {"type": "R", "before": "are compromised in these works", "after": "is compromised in state-of-the-art vertical federated learning frameworks", "start_char_pos": 603, "end_char_pos": 633}, {"type": "R", "before": "since the feature names are not exposed", "after": "with anonymous features", "start_char_pos": 654, "end_char_pos": 693}, {"type": "R", "before": "due to the unprotected decision path. In this", "after": ". To address this issue in the inference process, in this", "start_char_pos": 726, "end_char_pos": 771}, {"type": "D", "before": "shall", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 782, "end_char_pos": 787}, {"type": "R", "before": ", an efficient and interpretable inference framework for federated decision tree models with only one round of multi-party communication. We shall compute the candidate sets of leaf nodes based on the local data at each party in parallel, followed by securely computing the weight of the only leaf node in the intersection of the candidate sets. We propose to protect the decision path by the efficient additively homomorphic encryption method, which allows the", "after": "to protect data privacy and allow the", "start_char_pos": 805, "end_char_pos": 1266}, {"type": "R", "before": "names and thus makes the federated decision trees interpretable", "after": "meaning by concealing decision paths with a communication-efficient secure computation method for inference outputs", "start_char_pos": 1289, "end_char_pos": 1352}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "both", "start_char_pos": 1411, "end_char_pos": 1411}, {"type": "D", "before": "Experiments show that the inference efficiency is improved by over 50", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1466, "end_char_pos": 1535}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 401, 572, 763, 942, 1150, 1354, 1465, 1572]} {"doc_id": "2105.12807", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Deep learning based approaches have proven promising to model omicsdata. However, one of the current limitations compared to statistical and traditional machine learning approaches is the lack of explainability, which not only reduces the reliability, but limits the potential for acquiring novel knowledge from unpicking the \" black-box \" models. Here we present XOmiVAE, a novel interpretable deep learning model for cancer classification using high-dimensional omics data. XOmiVAE is able to obtain contribution values of each gene and latent dimension for a specific prediction, and the correlation between genes and the latent dimensions . It is also revealed that XOmiVAE can explain both the supervised classification and the unsupervised clustering results from the deep learning network. To the best of our knowledge, XOmiVAE is one of the first activated-based deep learning interpretation method to explain novel clusters generated by variational autoencoders. The results generated by XOmiVAE were validated by both the biomedical knowledge and the performance of downstream tasks . XOmiVAE explanations of deep learning based cancer classification and clustering aligned with current domain knowledge including biological annotation and literature, which shows great potential for novel biomedical knowledge discovery from deep learning models . The top XOmiVAE selected genes and dimensions shown significant influence to the performance of cancer classification. Additionally, we offer important steps to consider when interpreting deep learning models for tumour classification. For instance, we demonstrate the importance of choosing background samples that makes biological sense and the limitations of connection weight based methods to explain latent dimensions .", "after_revision": "The lack of explainability is one of the most prominent disadvantages of deep learning applications in omics. This \" black box \" problem can undermine the credibility and limit the practical implementation of biomedical deep learning models. Here we present XOmiVAE, a variational autoencoder (VAE) based interpretable deep learning model for cancer classification using high-dimensional omics data. XOmiVAE is capable of revealing the contribution of each gene and latent dimension for each classification prediction, and the correlation between each gene and each latent dimension . It is also demonstrated that XOmiVAE can explain not only the supervised classification but the unsupervised clustering results from the deep learning network. To the best of our knowledge, XOmiVAE is one of the first activation level-based interpretable deep learning models explaining novel clusters generated by VAE. The explainable results generated by XOmiVAE were validated by both the performance of downstream tasks and the biomedical knowledge. In our experiments, XOmiVAE explanations of deep learning based cancer classification and clustering aligned with current domain knowledge including biological annotation and academic literature, which shows great potential for novel biomedical knowledge discovery from deep learning models .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Deep learning based approaches have proven promising to model omicsdata. However, one of the current limitations compared to statistical and traditional machine learning approaches is the lack of explainability, which not only reduces the reliability, but limits the potential for acquiring novel knowledge from unpicking the", "after": "The lack of explainability is one of the most prominent disadvantages of deep learning applications in omics. 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The", "after": "VAE. The explainable", "start_char_pos": 947, "end_char_pos": 976}, {"type": "D", "before": "biomedical knowledge and the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1033, "end_char_pos": 1061}, {"type": "R", "before": ".", "after": "and the biomedical knowledge. In our experiments,", "start_char_pos": 1094, "end_char_pos": 1095}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "academic", "start_char_pos": 1251, "end_char_pos": 1251}, {"type": "D", "before": ". The top XOmiVAE selected genes and dimensions shown significant influence to the performance of cancer classification. Additionally, we offer important steps to consider when interpreting deep learning models for tumour classification. For instance, we demonstrate the importance of choosing background samples that makes biological sense and the limitations of connection weight based methods to explain latent dimensions", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1359, "end_char_pos": 1783}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 72, 348, 476, 645, 797, 972, 1360, 1479, 1596]} {"doc_id": "2105.14188", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Advertisers play an important role in e-commerce platforms, whose advertising expenditures are the main source of revenue for e-commerce platforms. Therefore, providing advertisers with a better advertising experience by reducing their cost of trial and error during ad real-time bidding is crucial to the long-term revenue of e-commerce platforms . To achieve this goal, the advertising platform needs to understand the advertisers' unique marketing demands and actively recommend personalized and optimal advertising strategies for them . In this work, we first deploy a prototype recommender system on Taobao display advertising platform for constant bid and crowd optimization. Then, we propose a novel recommender system for dynamic bidding strategy recommendation, which models the advertiser' s strategy recommendation problem as a contextual bandit problem . We use a neural network as the agent to predict the advertisers' demands based on their profile and historical adoption behaviors. Based on the estimated demand, we apply simulated bidding to derive the optimal bidding strategy for recommendation and interact with the advertiser by displaying the possible advertising performance. To solve the exploration/exploitation dilemma, we use Dropout to represent the uncertainty of the network, which approximately equals to conduct Thompson sampling for efficient strategy exploration. Online evaluations show that the system can optimize the advertisers' advertising performance , and advertisers are willing to open the system, select and adopt the suggestions, which further increases the platform's revenue income . Simulation experiments based on Alibaba online bidding data prove that the agent can effectively optimize the adoption rate of advertisers , and Thompson sampling can better balance exploration and exploitation to further optimize the performance of the model .", "after_revision": "Advertising expenditures have become the major source of revenue for e-commerce platforms. Providing good advertising experiences for advertisers through reducing their costs of trial and error for discovering the optimal advertising strategies is crucial for the long-term prosperity of online advertising . To achieve this goal, the advertising platform needs to identify the advertisers' marketing objectives, and then recommend the corresponding strategies to fulfill this objective . In this work, we first deploy a prototype of strategy recommender system on Taobao display advertising platform , recommending bid prices and targeted users to advertisers. We further augment this prototype system by directly revealing the advertising performance, and then infer the advertisers' marketing objectives through their adoptions of different recommending advertising performance . We use the techniques from context bandit to jointly learn the advertisers' marketing objectives and the recommending strategies. Online evaluations show that the designed advertising strategy recommender system can optimize the advertisers' advertising performance and increase the platform's revenue . Simulation experiments based on Taobao online bidding data show that the designed contextual bandit algorithm can effectively optimize the strategy adoption rate of advertisers .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Advertisers play an important role in e-commerce platforms, whose advertising expenditures are the main", "after": "Advertising expenditures have become the major", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 103}, {"type": "R", "before": "Therefore, providing advertisers with a better advertising experience by reducing their cost", "after": "Providing good advertising experiences for advertisers through reducing their costs", "start_char_pos": 148, "end_char_pos": 240}, {"type": "R", "before": "during ad real-time bidding is crucial to", "after": "for discovering the optimal advertising strategies is crucial for", "start_char_pos": 260, "end_char_pos": 301}, {"type": "R", "before": "revenue of e-commerce platforms", "after": "prosperity of online advertising", "start_char_pos": 316, "end_char_pos": 347}, {"type": "R", "before": "understand", "after": "identify", "start_char_pos": 406, "end_char_pos": 416}, {"type": "R", "before": "unique marketing demands and actively recommend personalized and optimal advertising strategies for them", "after": "marketing objectives, and then recommend the corresponding strategies to fulfill this objective", "start_char_pos": 434, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "of strategy", "start_char_pos": 583, "end_char_pos": 583}, {"type": "R", "before": "for constant bid and crowd optimization. Then, we propose a novel recommender system for dynamic bidding strategy recommendation, which models the advertiser' s strategy recommendation problem as a contextual bandit problem", "after": ", recommending bid prices and targeted users to advertisers. We further augment this prototype system by directly revealing the advertising performance, and then infer the advertisers' marketing objectives through their adoptions of different recommending advertising performance", "start_char_pos": 642, "end_char_pos": 865}, {"type": "D", "before": "a neural network as the agent to predict", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 875, "end_char_pos": 915}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "techniques from context bandit to jointly learn the", "start_char_pos": 920, "end_char_pos": 920}, {"type": "R", "before": "demands based on their profile and historical adoption behaviors. Based on the estimated demand, we apply simulated bidding to derive the optimal bidding strategy for recommendation and interact with the advertiser by displaying the possible advertising performance. To solve the exploration/exploitation dilemma, we use Dropout to represent the uncertainty of the network, which approximately equals to conduct Thompson sampling for efficient strategy exploration.", "after": "marketing objectives and the recommending strategies.", "start_char_pos": 934, "end_char_pos": 1399}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "designed advertising strategy recommender", "start_char_pos": 1433, "end_char_pos": 1433}, {"type": "R", "before": ", and advertisers are willing to open the system, select and adopt the suggestions, which further increases the", "after": "and increase the", "start_char_pos": 1495, "end_char_pos": 1606}, {"type": "D", "before": "income", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1626, "end_char_pos": 1632}, {"type": "R", "before": "Alibaba", "after": "Taobao", "start_char_pos": 1667, "end_char_pos": 1674}, {"type": "R", "before": "prove that the agent", "after": "show that the designed contextual bandit algorithm", "start_char_pos": 1695, "end_char_pos": 1715}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "strategy", "start_char_pos": 1745, "end_char_pos": 1745}, {"type": "D", "before": ", and Thompson sampling can better balance exploration and exploitation to further optimize the performance of the model", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1775, "end_char_pos": 1895}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 147, 349, 540, 682, 867, 999, 1200, 1399]} {"doc_id": "2106.00676", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Classifying the core textual components of a scientific paper-title, author, body text, etc.-is a critical first step in automated scientific document understanding. Previous work has shown how using elementary layout information, i.e., each token's 2D position on the page, leads to more accurate classification. We introduce new methods for incorporating VIsual LAyout structures (VILA) , e.g., the grouping of page texts into text lines or text blocks, into language models to further improve performance. We show that the I-VILA approach, which simply adds special tokens denoting boundaries between layout structures into model inputs, can lead to +1~4.5 F1 Score improvements in token classificationtasks . Moreover, we design a hierarchical model H-VILA that encodes these layout structures and record a up-to 70\\% efficiency boost without hurting prediction accuracy. The experiments are conducted on a newly curated evaluation suite, S2-VLUE, with a novel metric measuring VILA awareness and a new dataset covering 19 scientific disciplines with gold annotations . Pre-trained weights, benchmark datasets, and source code will be available at URL", "after_revision": "Classifying the core textual components of a scientific paper-title, author, body text, etc.-is a critical first step in automated scientific document understanding. Previous work has shown how using elementary layout information, i.e., each token's 2D position on the page, leads to more accurate classification. We introduce new methods for incorporating VIsual LAyout (VILA) structures , e.g., the grouping of page texts into text lines or text blocks, into language models to further improve performance. We show that the I-VILA approach, which simply adds special tokens denoting the boundaries of layout structures into model inputs, can lead to 1.9\\% Macro F1 improvements for token classification . Moreover, we design a hierarchical model , H-VILA , that encodes the text based on layout structures and record an up-to 47\\% inference time reduction with less than 1.5\\% Macro F1 loss for the text classification models. Experiments are conducted on a newly curated evaluation suite, S2-VLUE, with a novel metric measuring classification uniformity within visual groups and a new dataset of gold annotations covering papers from 19 scientific disciplines . Pre-trained weights, benchmark datasets, and source code will be available at URL", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "structures", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 371, "end_char_pos": 381}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "structures", "start_char_pos": 389, "end_char_pos": 389}, {"type": "R", "before": "boundaries between", "after": "the boundaries of", "start_char_pos": 586, "end_char_pos": 604}, {"type": "R", "before": "+1~4.5", "after": "1.9\\% Macro", "start_char_pos": 654, "end_char_pos": 660}, {"type": "R", "before": "Score improvements in token classificationtasks", "after": "improvements for token classification", "start_char_pos": 664, "end_char_pos": 711}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 755, "end_char_pos": 755}, {"type": "R", "before": "that encodes these", "after": ", that encodes the text based on", "start_char_pos": 763, "end_char_pos": 781}, {"type": "R", "before": "a", "after": "an", "start_char_pos": 811, "end_char_pos": 812}, {"type": "R", "before": "70\\% efficiency boost without hurting prediction accuracy. The experiments", "after": "47\\% inference time reduction with less than 1.5\\% Macro F1 loss for the text classification models. Experiments", "start_char_pos": 819, "end_char_pos": 893}, {"type": "R", "before": "VILA awareness", "after": "classification uniformity within visual groups", "start_char_pos": 984, "end_char_pos": 998}, {"type": "R", "before": "covering", "after": "of gold annotations covering papers from", "start_char_pos": 1017, "end_char_pos": 1025}, {"type": "D", "before": "with gold annotations", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1052, "end_char_pos": 1073}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 165, 313, 509, 713, 877]} {"doc_id": "2106.00715", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "We provide a theory as to why the locus of a triangle center over Poncelet 3-periodics in an ellipse pair is an ellipse or not. For the confocal pair (elliptic billiard), we show that if the center can be expressed as a fixed affine combination of barycenter, circumcenter, and mittenpunkt (which is stationary over the confocal family) , then its locus will be an ellipse. We also provide conditions under which a particular locus will be a circle or a segment. We also analyze locus turning number and monotonicity with respect to vertices of the 3-periodic family. Finally we write out expressions for the convex quartic locus of the incenter for a generic Poncelet family, conjecturing it can only be an ellipse if the pair is confocal .", "after_revision": "We propose a theory which predicts the ellipticity of a triangle center 's locus over a Poncelet 3-periodic family. We show that if the triangle center can be expressed as a fixed affine combination of barycenter, circumcenter, and a third, stationary point over some family , then its locus will be an ellipse. Taking billiard 3-periodics as an example, the third point is the mittenpunkt. We derive conditions under which a locus degenerates to a segment or is a circle. We show a locus turning number is either plus or minus 3 and predict its movement monotonicity with respect to vertices of the 3-periodic family. Finally , we derive a (long) expression for the loci of the incenter and excenters over a generic Poncelet 3-periodic family, showing they are roots of a quartic. We conjecture (i) those loci are convex, and (ii) that they can only be ellipses if the pair is confocal , i.e., within a 1d subspace of the 5d space of ellipse pairs which admit 3-periodics .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "provide a theory as to why the locus", "after": "propose a theory which predicts the ellipticity", "start_char_pos": 3, "end_char_pos": 39}, {"type": "R", "before": "over Poncelet 3-periodics in an ellipse pair is an ellipse or not. For the confocal pair (elliptic billiard), we", "after": "'s locus over a Poncelet 3-periodic family. We", "start_char_pos": 61, "end_char_pos": 173}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "triangle", "start_char_pos": 191, "end_char_pos": 191}, {"type": "R", "before": "mittenpunkt (which is stationary over the confocal family)", "after": "a third, stationary point over some family", "start_char_pos": 279, "end_char_pos": 337}, {"type": "R", "before": "We also provide", "after": "Taking billiard 3-periodics as an example, the third point is the mittenpunkt. We derive", "start_char_pos": 375, "end_char_pos": 390}, {"type": "D", "before": "particular locus will be a circle or a segment. We also analyze", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 416, "end_char_pos": 479}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "degenerates to a segment or is a circle. We show a locus", "start_char_pos": 486, "end_char_pos": 486}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": "is either plus or minus 3 and predict its movement", "start_char_pos": 502, "end_char_pos": 505}, {"type": "R", "before": "we write out expressions for the convex quartic locus", "after": ", we derive a (long) expression for the loci", "start_char_pos": 578, "end_char_pos": 631}, {"type": "R", "before": "for", "after": "and excenters over", "start_char_pos": 648, "end_char_pos": 651}, {"type": "R", "before": "family, conjecturing it", "after": "3-periodic family, showing they are roots of a quartic. We conjecture (i) those loci are convex, and (ii) that they", "start_char_pos": 671, "end_char_pos": 694}, {"type": "R", "before": "an ellipse", "after": "ellipses", "start_char_pos": 707, "end_char_pos": 717}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", i.e., within a 1d subspace of the 5d space of ellipse pairs which admit 3-periodics", "start_char_pos": 742, "end_char_pos": 742}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 127, 374, 463, 569]} {"doc_id": "2106.02812", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been studied widely in the literature, primarily for finding an approximate value of the maximum cut size of a graph. QAOA is composed of a problem hamiltonian and a mixer hamiltonian which are applied alternately for p \\geq 1 layers. The circuit for this algorithm requires 2m CNOT gatesin each layer, where m is the number of edges in the graph. CNOT gate is one of the primary sources of error in modern quantum computers. In this paper, we propose two techniques for reducing the number of CNOT gates in the circuit which are independent of the hardware architecture. For a graph with n vertices, we first propose a technique based on edge coloring that can reduce upto \\lfloor n{2} \\rfloor CNOT gates in the circuit . Next, we propose another technique based on Depth First Search (DFS) that can reduce n-1 CNOT gates at the cost of some increased depth . We analytically derive the criteria for which the reduction in the number of CNOT gates due to the DFS based technique can provide lower error probability even with some increased depth, and show that all graphs conform to this criteria, making this technique universal. We further show that this proposed optimization holds even in the post transpilation stage of the circuit , which is actually executed in the IBM Quantum hardware . We simulate these two techniques for graphs of various sparsity with the ibmq_manhattan noise model \\textit{ and show that the DFS based technique outperforms the edge coloring based technique , which in turn, outperforms the traditional QAOA circuit in terms of reduction in the number of CNOT gates, and hence the probability of error of the circuit.", "after_revision": "Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is studied primarily to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. For a graph with n vertices and m edges, a depth p QAOA for the Max-cut problem requires 2\\cdot m \\cdot p CNOT gates. CNOT is one of the primary sources of error in modern quantum computers. In this paper, we propose two hardware independent methods to reduce the number of CNOT gates in the circuit . First, we present a method based on Edge Coloring of the input graph that minimizes the the number of cycles (termed as depth of the circuit), and reduces upto \\lfloor n{2} \\rfloor CNOT gates . Next, we depict another method based on Depth First Search (DFS) on the input graph that reduces n-1 CNOT gates , but increases depth of the circuit moderately . We analytically derive the condition for which the reduction in CNOT gates overshadows this increase in depth, and the error probability of the circuit is still lowered. We show that all IBM Quantum Hardware satisfy this condition . We simulate these two methods for graphs of various sparsity with the \\textit{ibmq\\_manhattan noise model, and show that the DFS based method outperforms the edge coloring based method , which in turn, outperforms the traditional QAOA circuit in terms of reduction in the number of CNOT gates, and hence the probability of error of the circuit.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "has been studied widely in the literature, primarily for finding an approximate value of the maximum cut size of a graph. QAOA is composed of a problem hamiltonian and a mixer hamiltonian which are applied alternately for p \\geq 1 layers. The circuit for this algorithm requires 2m CNOT gatesin each layer, where m is the number of edges in the graph. CNOT gate", "after": "is studied primarily to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. For a graph with n vertices and m edges, a depth p QAOA for the Max-cut problem requires 2\\cdot m \\cdot p CNOT gates. CNOT", "start_char_pos": 50, "end_char_pos": 411}, {"type": "R", "before": "techniques for reducing", "after": "hardware independent methods to reduce", "start_char_pos": 510, "end_char_pos": 533}, {"type": "R", "before": "which are independent of the hardware architecture. For a graph with n vertices, we first propose a technique based on edge coloring that can reduce", "after": ". First, we present a method based on Edge Coloring of the input graph that minimizes the the number of cycles (termed as depth of the circuit), and reduces", "start_char_pos": 574, "end_char_pos": 722}, {"type": "D", "before": "in the circuit", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 760, "end_char_pos": 774}, {"type": "R", "before": "propose another technique", "after": "depict another method", "start_char_pos": 786, "end_char_pos": 811}, {"type": "R", "before": "that can reduce", "after": "on the input graph that reduces", "start_char_pos": 846, "end_char_pos": 861}, {"type": "R", "before": "at the cost of some increased depth", "after": ", but increases depth of the circuit moderately", "start_char_pos": 877, "end_char_pos": 912}, {"type": "R", "before": "criteria", "after": "condition", "start_char_pos": 942, "end_char_pos": 950}, {"type": "R", "before": "the number of CNOT gates due to the DFS based technique can provide lower error probability even with some increased", "after": "CNOT gates overshadows this increase in", "start_char_pos": 978, "end_char_pos": 1094}, {"type": "R", "before": "show that all graphs conform to this criteria, making this technique universal. We further show that this proposed optimization holds even in the post transpilation stage", "after": "the error probability", "start_char_pos": 1106, "end_char_pos": 1276}, {"type": "R", "before": ", which is actually executed in the IBM Quantum hardware", "after": "is still lowered. We show that all IBM Quantum Hardware satisfy this condition", "start_char_pos": 1292, "end_char_pos": 1348}, {"type": "R", "before": "techniques", "after": "methods", "start_char_pos": 1373, "end_char_pos": 1383}, {"type": "D", "before": "ibmq_manhattan noise model", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1424, "end_char_pos": 1450}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "ibmq\\_manhattan", "start_char_pos": 1459, "end_char_pos": 1459}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "noise model,", "start_char_pos": 1460, "end_char_pos": 1460}, {"type": "R", "before": "technique", "after": "method", "start_char_pos": 1489, "end_char_pos": 1498}, {"type": "R", "before": "technique", "after": "method", "start_char_pos": 1535, "end_char_pos": 1544}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 171, 288, 401, 479, 625, 776, 914, 1185, 1350]} {"doc_id": "2106.10271", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Temporal action detection (TAD) aims to determine the semantic label and the boundaries of every action instance in an untrimmed video. It is a fundamental task in video understanding and significant progress has been made in TAD . Previous methods involve multiple stages or networks and hand-designed rules or operations, which fall short in efficiency and flexibility. Here, we construct an end-to-end framework for TAD upon Transformer, termed TadTR, which simultaneously predicts all action instances as a set of labels and temporal locations in parallel. TadTR is able to adaptively extract temporal context information needed for making action predictions, by selectively attending to a number of snippets in a video. It greatly simplifies the pipeline of TAD and runs much faster than previous detectors . Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on HACS Segments and THUMOS14 and competitive performance on ActivityNet-1.3. Our code will be made available at URL", "after_revision": "Temporal action detection (TAD) aims to determine the semantic label and the boundaries of every action instance in an untrimmed video. It is a fundamental and challenging task in video understanding and significant progress has been made . Previous methods involve multiple stages or networks and hand-designed rules or operations, which fall short in efficiency and flexibility. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end framework for TAD upon Transformer, termed TadTR, which maps a set of learnable embeddings to action instances in parallel. TadTR is able to adaptively extract temporal context information required for making action predictions, by selectively attending to a sparse set of snippets in a video. As a result, it simplifies the pipeline of TAD and requires lower computation cost than previous detectors , while preserving remarkable detection performance. TadTR achieves state-of-the-art performance on HACS Segments (+3.35\\% average mAP). As a single-network detector, TadTR runs 10\\times faster than its comparable competitor. It outperforms existing single-network detectors by a large margin on THUMOS14 (+5.0\\% average mAP) and ActivityNet (+7.53\\% average mAP). When combined with other detectors, it reports 54.1\\% mAP at IoU=0.5 on THUMOS14, and 34.55\\% average mAP on ActivityNet-1.3. Our code will be released at URL", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "and challenging", "start_char_pos": 156, "end_char_pos": 156}, {"type": "D", "before": "in TAD", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 224, "end_char_pos": 230}, {"type": "R", "before": "Here, we construct", "after": "In this paper, we propose", "start_char_pos": 373, "end_char_pos": 391}, {"type": "R", "before": "simultaneously predicts all action instances as", "after": "maps", "start_char_pos": 462, "end_char_pos": 509}, {"type": "R", "before": "labels and temporal locations", "after": "learnable embeddings to action instances", "start_char_pos": 519, "end_char_pos": 548}, {"type": "R", "before": "needed", "after": "required", "start_char_pos": 627, "end_char_pos": 633}, {"type": "R", "before": "number", "after": "sparse set", "start_char_pos": 695, "end_char_pos": 701}, {"type": "R", "before": "It greatly", "after": "As a result, it", "start_char_pos": 726, "end_char_pos": 736}, {"type": "R", "before": "runs much faster", "after": "requires lower computation cost", "start_char_pos": 772, "end_char_pos": 788}, {"type": "R", "before": ". Our method", "after": ", while preserving remarkable detection performance. TadTR", "start_char_pos": 813, "end_char_pos": 825}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": "(+3.35\\% average mAP). As a single-network detector, TadTR runs 10\\times faster than its comparable competitor. It outperforms existing single-network detectors by a large margin on", "start_char_pos": 881, "end_char_pos": 884}, {"type": "R", "before": "and competitive performance", "after": "(+5.0\\% average mAP) and ActivityNet (+7.53\\% average mAP). When combined with other detectors, it reports 54.1\\% mAP at IoU=0.5", "start_char_pos": 894, "end_char_pos": 921}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "THUMOS14, and 34.55\\% average mAP on", "start_char_pos": 925, "end_char_pos": 925}, {"type": "R", "before": "made available", "after": "released", "start_char_pos": 960, "end_char_pos": 974}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 135, 372, 561, 725, 814, 942]} {"doc_id": "2106.11582", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Nowadays, analysis of transparent images in the field of computer vision has gradually become a hot spot. In this paper , we compare the classification performance of different deep learning for the problem that transparent images are difficult to analyze. We crop the transparent images into 8 * 8 and 224 * 224 pixels patches in the same proportion , and then divide the two different pixels patches into foreground and background according to groundtruch . We also use 4 types of convolutional neural networks and a novel ViT network model to compare the foreground and background classification experiments. We conclude that ViT performs the worst in classifying 8 * 8 pixels patches, but it outperforms most convolutional neural networks in classifying 224 * 224.", "after_revision": "Nowadays, analysis of Transparent Environmental URLanism Images (T-EM images) in the field of computer vision has gradually become a new and interesting spot. This paper compares different deep learning classification performance for the problem that T-EM images are challenging to analyze. We crop the T-EM images into 8 * 8 and 224 * 224 pixel patches in the same proportion and then divide the two different pixel patches into foreground and background according to ground truth . We also use four convolutional neural networks and a novel ViT network model to compare the foreground and background classification experiments. We conclude that ViT performs the worst in classifying 8 * 8 pixel patches, but it outperforms most convolutional neural networks in classifying 224 * 224 pixel patches.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "transparent images", "after": "Transparent Environmental URLanism Images (T-EM images)", "start_char_pos": 22, "end_char_pos": 40}, {"type": "R", "before": "hot spot. In this paper , we compare the classification performance of", "after": "new and interesting spot. This paper compares", "start_char_pos": 96, "end_char_pos": 166}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "classification performance", "start_char_pos": 191, "end_char_pos": 191}, {"type": "R", "before": "transparent images are difficult", "after": "T-EM images are challenging", "start_char_pos": 213, "end_char_pos": 245}, {"type": "R", "before": "transparent", "after": "T-EM", "start_char_pos": 270, "end_char_pos": 281}, {"type": "R", "before": "pixels", "after": "pixel", "start_char_pos": 314, "end_char_pos": 320}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 352, "end_char_pos": 353}, {"type": "R", "before": "pixels", "after": "pixel", "start_char_pos": 388, "end_char_pos": 394}, {"type": "R", "before": "groundtruch", "after": "ground truth", "start_char_pos": 447, "end_char_pos": 458}, {"type": "R", "before": "4 types of", "after": "four", "start_char_pos": 473, "end_char_pos": 483}, {"type": "R", "before": "pixels", "after": "pixel", "start_char_pos": 674, "end_char_pos": 680}, {"type": "R", "before": "224.", "after": "224 pixel patches.", "start_char_pos": 765, "end_char_pos": 769}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 105, 257, 460, 612]} {"doc_id": "2107.00420", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Modern top-performing object detectors depend heavily on backbone networks, whose advances bring consistent performance gains through exploring more effective network structures. However, designing or searching for a new backbone and pre-training it on ImageNet may require a large number of computational resources, making it costly to obtain better detection performance. In this paper, we propose a novel backbone network, namely CBNetV2, by constructing compositions of existing open-sourced pre-trained backbones. In particular, CBNetV2 architecture groups multiple identical backbones, which are connected through composite connections. We also propose a better training strategy with the Assistant Supervision for CBNet-based detectors. Without additional pre-training, CBNetV2 can be integrated into mainstream detectors, including one-stage and two-stage detectors , as well as anchor-based and anchor-free-based ones, and significantly improve their performance by more than 3.0\\% AP over the baseline on COCO. Also, experiments provide strong evidence showing that composite backbones are more efficient and resource-friendly than pre-trained wider and deeper networks , including manual-based and NAS-based, as well as CNN-based and Transformer-based ones . Particularly, with single-model and single-scale testing, our HTC Dual-Swin-B achieves 58.6\\% box AP and 51.1\\% mask AP on COCO test-dev, which is significantly better than the state-of-the-art result (i.e., 57.7\\% box AP and 50.2\\% mask AP) achieved by a stronger baseline HTC++ with a larger backbone Swin-L. Code will be released at URL", "after_revision": "Consistent performance gains through exploring more effective network structures. In this paper, we propose a novel backbone network, namely CBNetV2, by constructing compositions of existing open-sourced pre-trained backbones. In particular, CBNetV2 architecture groups multiple identical backbones, which are connected through composite connections. Specifically, CBNetV2 integrates the high- and low-level features of multiple backbone networks and gradually expands the receptive field to more efficiently perform object detection. We also propose a better training strategy with the Assistant Supervision for CBNet-based detectors. Without additional pre-training, CBNetV2 can be adapt to various backbones, including manual-based and NAS-based , as well as CNN-based and Transformer-based ones. Experiments provide strong evidence showing that composite backbones are more efficient , effective, and resource-friendly than wider and deeper networks . CBNetV2 is compatible with most mainstream detectors, including one-stage and two-stage detectors , as well as anchor-based and anchor-free-based ones, and significantly improve their performance by more than 3.0\\% AP over the baseline on COCO . Particularly, with single-model and single-scale testing, our HTC Dual-Swin-B achieves 58.6\\% box AP and 51.1\\% mask AP on COCO test-dev, which is significantly better than the state-of-the-art result (i.e., 57.7\\% box AP and 50.2\\% mask AP) achieved by HTC++ with Swin-L. Code is released at URL", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Modern top-performing object detectors depend heavily on backbone networks, whose advances bring consistent", "after": "Consistent", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 107}, {"type": "D", "before": "However, designing or searching for a new backbone and pre-training it on ImageNet may require a large number of computational resources, making it costly to obtain better detection performance.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 179, "end_char_pos": 373}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Specifically, CBNetV2 integrates the high- and low-level features of multiple backbone networks and gradually expands the receptive field to more efficiently perform object detection.", "start_char_pos": 643, "end_char_pos": 643}, {"type": "R", "before": "integrated into mainstream detectors, including one-stage and two-stage detectors", "after": "adapt to various backbones, including manual-based and NAS-based", "start_char_pos": 793, "end_char_pos": 874}, {"type": "R", "before": "anchor-based and anchor-free-based ones, and significantly improve their performance by more than 3.0\\% AP over the baseline on COCO. 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In this paper, we propose a novel backbone network , namely CBNetV2, by constructing compositions of existing open-sourced pre-trained backbones . In particular, CBNetV2 architecture groups multiple identical backbones, which are connected through composite connections. Specifically, CBNetV2 integrates the high- and low-level features of multiple backbone networks and gradually expands the receptive field to more efficiently perform object detection. We also propose a better training strategy with the Assistant Supervision for CBNet-based detectors. Without additional pre-training, CBNetV2 can be adapt to various backbones, including manual-based and NAS-based, as well as CNN-based and Transformer-based ones. Experiments provide strong evidence showing that composite backbones are more efficient, effective, and resource-friendly than wider and deeper networks. CBNetV2 is compatible with most mainstream detectors, including one-stage and two-stage detectors, as well as anchor-based and anchor-free-based ones, and significantly improve their performance by more than 3.0\\% AP over the baseline on COCO. Particularly, with single-model and single-scale testing , our HTC Dual-Swin-B achieves 58.6 \\% box AP and 51.1 \\% mask AP on COCO test-dev, which is significantly better than the state-of-the-art result (i.e., 57.7\\% box AP and 50.2\\% mask AP) achieved by HTC++ with Swin-L . Code is released at URL", "after_revision": "Modern top-performing object detectors depend heavily on backbone networks, whose advances bring consistent performance gains through exploring more effective network structures. In this paper, we propose a novel and flexible backbone framework , namely CBNetV2, to better train existing open-sourced pre-trained backbones under the pre-training fine-tuning protocol . In particular, CBNetV2 architecture groups multiple identical backbones, which are connected through composite connections. Specifically, it integrates the high- and low-level features of multiple backbone networks and gradually expands the receptive field to more efficiently perform object detection. We also propose a better training strategy with assistant supervision for CBNet-based detectors. CBNetV2 has strong generalization capabilities for different backbones and head designs of the detector architecture. Without additional pre-training, CBNetV2 can be adapted to various backbones, including manual-based and NAS-based, as well as CNN-based and Transformer-based ones. Experiments provide strong evidence showing that composite backbones are more efficient, effective, and resource-friendly than wider and deeper networks. CBNetV2 is compatible with the head designs of most mainstream detectors, including one-stage and two-stage detectors, as well as anchor-based and anchor-free-based ones, and significantly improve their performances by more than 3.0\\% AP over the baseline on COCO. Particularly, under the single-model and single-scale testing protocol, our Dual-Swin-L achieves 59.4 \\% box AP and 51.6 \\% mask AP on COCO test-dev, which is significantly better than the state-of-the-art result (i.e., 57.7\\% box AP and 50.2\\% mask AP) . Code is available at URL", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Consistent", "after": "Modern top-performing object detectors depend heavily on backbone networks, whose advances bring consistent", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 10}, {"type": "R", "before": "backbone network", "after": "and flexible backbone framework", "start_char_pos": 116, "end_char_pos": 132}, {"type": "R", "before": "by constructing compositions of", "after": "to better train", "start_char_pos": 151, "end_char_pos": 182}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "under the pre-training fine-tuning protocol", "start_char_pos": 227, "end_char_pos": 227}, {"type": "R", "before": "CBNetV2", "after": "it", "start_char_pos": 368, "end_char_pos": 375}, {"type": "R", "before": "the Assistant Supervision", "after": "assistant supervision", "start_char_pos": 586, "end_char_pos": 611}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "CBNetV2 has strong generalization capabilities for different backbones and head designs of the detector architecture.", "start_char_pos": 639, "end_char_pos": 639}, {"type": "R", "before": "adapt", "after": "adapted", "start_char_pos": 688, "end_char_pos": 693}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the head designs of", "start_char_pos": 984, "end_char_pos": 984}, {"type": "R", "before": "performance", "after": "performances", "start_char_pos": 1141, "end_char_pos": 1152}, {"type": "R", "before": "with", "after": "under the", "start_char_pos": 1216, "end_char_pos": 1220}, {"type": "R", "before": ", our HTC Dual-Swin-B achieves 58.6", "after": "protocol, our Dual-Swin-L achieves 59.4", "start_char_pos": 1259, "end_char_pos": 1294}, {"type": "R", "before": "51.1", "after": "51.6", "start_char_pos": 1309, "end_char_pos": 1313}, {"type": "D", "before": "achieved by HTC++ with Swin-L", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1447, "end_char_pos": 1476}, {"type": "R", "before": "released", "after": "available", "start_char_pos": 1487, "end_char_pos": 1495}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 81, 229, 353, 537, 638, 802, 956, 1201]} {"doc_id": "2107.00420", "revision_depth": "3", "before_revision": "Modern top-performing object detectors depend heavily on backbone networks, whose advances bring consistent performance gains through exploring more effective network structures. In this paper, we propose a novel and flexible backbone framework, namely CBNetV2, to better train existing open-sourced pre-trained backbones under the pre-training fine-tuning protocol . In particular, CBNetV2 architecture groups multiple identical backbones, which are connected through composite connections. Specifically, it integrates the high- and low-level features of multiple backbone networks and gradually expands the receptive field to more efficiently perform object detection. We also propose a better training strategy with assistant supervision for CBNet-based detectors. CBNetV2 has strong generalization capabilities for different backbones and head designs of the detector architecture. Without additional pre-training , CBNetV2 can be adapted to various backbones , including manual-based and NAS-based, as well as CNN-based and Transformer-based ones. Experiments provide strong evidence showing that composite backbones are more efficient, effective, and resource-friendly than wider and deeper networks. CBNetV2 is compatible with the head designs of most mainstream detectors , including one-stage and two-stage detectors, as well as anchor-based and anchor-free-based ones, and significantly improve their performances by more than 3.0\\% AP over the baseline on COCO . Particularly, under the single-model and single-scale testing protocol, our Dual-Swin-L achieves 59.4\\% box AP and 51.6\\% mask AP on COCO test-dev , which is significantly better than the state-of-the-art result ( i.e., 57.7\\% box AP and 50.2\\% mask AP) . Code is available at URL", "after_revision": "Modern top-performing object detectors depend heavily on backbone networks, whose advances bring consistent performance gains through exploring more effective network structures. In this paper, we propose a novel and flexible backbone framework, namely CBNetV2, to construct high-performance detectors using existing open-sourced pre-trained backbones under the pre-training fine-tuning paradigm . In particular, CBNetV2 architecture groups multiple identical backbones, which are connected through composite connections. Specifically, it integrates the high- and low-level features of multiple backbone networks and gradually expands the receptive field to more efficiently perform object detection. We also propose a better training strategy with assistant supervision for CBNet-based detectors. Without additional pre-training of the composite backbone , CBNetV2 can be adapted to various backbones ( CNN-based vs. Transformer-based ) and head designs of most mainstream detectors ( one-stage vs. two-stage , anchor-based vs. anchor-free-based ). Experiments provide strong evidence that, compared with simply increasing the depth and width of the network, CBNetV2 introduces a more efficient, effective, and resource-friendly way to build high-performance backbone networks . Particularly, our Dual-Swin-L achieves 59.4\\% box AP and 51.6\\% mask AP on COCO test-dev under the single-model and single-scale testing protocol , which is significantly better than the state-of-the-art result ( 57.7\\% box AP and 50.2\\% mask AP) achieved by Swin-L, while the training schedule is reduced by 6\\times. With multi-scale testing, we push the current best single model result to a new record of 60.1\\% box AP and 52.3\\% mask AP without using extra training data . Code is available at URL", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "better train", "after": "construct high-performance detectors using", "start_char_pos": 265, "end_char_pos": 277}, {"type": "R", "before": "protocol", "after": "paradigm", "start_char_pos": 357, "end_char_pos": 365}, {"type": "D", "before": "CBNetV2 has strong generalization capabilities for different backbones and head designs of the detector architecture.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 768, "end_char_pos": 885}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "of the composite backbone", "start_char_pos": 918, "end_char_pos": 918}, {"type": "R", "before": ", including manual-based and NAS-based, as well as", "after": "(", "start_char_pos": 965, "end_char_pos": 1015}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": "vs.", "start_char_pos": 1026, "end_char_pos": 1029}, {"type": "R", "before": "ones. Experiments provide strong evidence showing that composite backbones are more efficient, effective, and resource-friendly than wider and deeper networks. CBNetV2 is compatible with the", "after": ") and", "start_char_pos": 1048, "end_char_pos": 1238}, {"type": "R", "before": ", including", "after": "(", "start_char_pos": 1281, "end_char_pos": 1292}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": "vs.", "start_char_pos": 1303, "end_char_pos": 1306}, {"type": "R", "before": "detectors, as well as", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1317, "end_char_pos": 1338}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": "vs.", "start_char_pos": 1352, "end_char_pos": 1355}, {"type": "R", "before": "ones, and significantly improve their performances by more than 3.0\\% AP over the baseline on COCO", "after": "). Experiments provide strong evidence that, compared with simply increasing the depth and width of the network, CBNetV2 introduces a more efficient, effective, and resource-friendly way to build high-performance backbone networks", "start_char_pos": 1374, "end_char_pos": 1472}, {"type": "D", "before": "under the single-model and single-scale testing protocol,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1489, "end_char_pos": 1546}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "under the single-model and single-scale testing protocol", "start_char_pos": 1622, "end_char_pos": 1622}, {"type": "D", "before": "i.e.,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1690, "end_char_pos": 1695}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "achieved by Swin-L, while the training schedule is reduced by 6\\times. With multi-scale testing, we push the current best single model result to a new record of 60.1\\% box AP and 52.3\\% mask AP without using extra training data", "start_char_pos": 1730, "end_char_pos": 1730}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 178, 367, 491, 670, 767, 885, 1053, 1207, 1282]} {"doc_id": "2107.02477", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In recent years, benefiting from the expressivepower of Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), significant breakthroughs have been made in faceclustering . However, rare attention has been paidto GCN-based clustering on imbalanced data. Al-though imbalance problem has been extensivelystudied , the impact of imbalanced data on GCN-based linkage prediction task is quite different, which would cause problems in two aspects: im-balanced linkage labels and biased graph represen-tations . The problem of imbalanced linkage labelsis similar to that in image classification task, but thelatter is a particular problem in GCN-based clus-tering via linkage prediction. Significantly biasedgraph representations in training can cause catas-trophic overfitting of a GCN model. To tacklethese problems, we evaluate the feasibility of thoseexisting methods for imbalanced image classifica-tion problem on graphs with extensive experiments, and present a new method to alleviate the imbal-anced labels and also augment graph representa-tions using a Reverse-Imbalance Weighted Sam-pling (RIWS) strategy, followed with insightfulanalyses and discussions. A series of imbalancedbenchmark datasets synthesized from MS-Celeb-1M and DeepFashion will be openly available .", "after_revision": "In recent years, benefiting from the expressive power of Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), significant breakthroughs have been made in face clustering . However, rare attention has been paid to GCN-based clustering on imbalanced data. Although imbalance problem has been extensively studied , the impact of imbalanced data on GCN-based linkage prediction task is quite different, which would cause problems in two aspects: imbalanced linkage labels and biased graph representations . The problem of imbalanced linkage labels is similar to that in image classification task, but the latter is a particular problem in GCN-based clustering via linkage prediction. Significantly biased graph representations in training can cause catastrophic overfitting of a GCN model. To tackle these problems, we evaluate the feasibility of those existing methods for imbalanced image classification problem on graphs with extensive experiments, and present a new method to alleviate the imbalanced labels and also augment graph representations using a Reverse-Imbalance Weighted Sampling (RIWS) strategy, followed with insightful analyses and discussions. The code and a series of imbalanced benchmark datasets synthesized from MS-Celeb-1M and DeepFashion are available on URL", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "expressivepower", "after": "expressive power", "start_char_pos": 37, "end_char_pos": 52}, {"type": "R", "before": "faceclustering", "after": "face clustering", "start_char_pos": 137, "end_char_pos": 151}, {"type": "R", "before": "paidto", "after": "paid to", "start_char_pos": 187, "end_char_pos": 193}, {"type": "R", "before": "Al-though", "after": "Although", "start_char_pos": 235, "end_char_pos": 244}, {"type": "R", "before": "extensivelystudied", "after": "extensively studied", "start_char_pos": 272, "end_char_pos": 290}, {"type": "R", "before": "im-balanced", "after": "imbalanced", "start_char_pos": 423, "end_char_pos": 434}, {"type": "R", "before": "represen-tations", "after": "representations", "start_char_pos": 467, "end_char_pos": 483}, {"type": "R", "before": "labelsis", "after": "labels is", "start_char_pos": 520, "end_char_pos": 528}, {"type": "R", "before": "thelatter", "after": "the latter", "start_char_pos": 579, "end_char_pos": 588}, {"type": "R", "before": "clus-tering", "after": "clustering", "start_char_pos": 626, "end_char_pos": 637}, {"type": "R", "before": "biasedgraph", "after": "biased graph", "start_char_pos": 676, "end_char_pos": 687}, {"type": "R", "before": "catas-trophic", "after": "catastrophic", "start_char_pos": 726, "end_char_pos": 739}, {"type": "R", "before": "tacklethese", "after": "tackle these", "start_char_pos": 771, "end_char_pos": 782}, {"type": "R", "before": "thoseexisting", "after": "those existing", "start_char_pos": 824, "end_char_pos": 837}, {"type": "R", "before": "classifica-tion", "after": "classification", "start_char_pos": 867, "end_char_pos": 882}, {"type": "R", "before": "imbal-anced", "after": "imbalanced", "start_char_pos": 971, "end_char_pos": 982}, {"type": "R", "before": "representa-tions", "after": "representations", "start_char_pos": 1013, "end_char_pos": 1029}, {"type": "R", "before": "Sam-pling", "after": "Sampling", "start_char_pos": 1065, "end_char_pos": 1074}, {"type": "R", "before": "insightfulanalyses", "after": "insightful analyses", "start_char_pos": 1106, "end_char_pos": 1124}, {"type": "R", "before": "A series of imbalancedbenchmark", "after": "The code and a series of imbalanced benchmark", "start_char_pos": 1142, "end_char_pos": 1173}, {"type": "R", "before": "will be openly available .", "after": "are available on URL", "start_char_pos": 1228, "end_char_pos": 1254}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 153, 234, 485, 661, 767, 1141]} {"doc_id": "2107.03721", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In April 2021, the European Commission proposed a Regulation on Artificial Intelligence, known as the AI Act. We present an overview of the Act and analyse its implications, drawing on scholarship ranging from the study of contemporary AI practices to the structure of EU product safety regimes over the last four decades. Aspects of the AI Act, such as different rules for different risk-levels of AI, make sense. But we also find that some provisions of the draft AI Act have surprising legal implications, whilst others may be largely ineffective at achieving their stated goals. Several overarching aspects, including the enforcement regime and the effect of maximum harmonisation on the space for AI policymore generally , engender significant concern. These issues should be addressed as a priority in the legislative process.", "after_revision": "In April 2021, the European Commission proposed a Regulation on Artificial Intelligence, known as the AI Act. We present an overview of the Act and analyse its implications, drawing on scholarship ranging from the study of contemporary AI practices to the structure of EU product safety regimes over the last four decades. Aspects of the AI Act, such as different rules for different risk-levels of AI, make sense. But we also find that some provisions of the Draft AI Act have surprising legal implications, whilst others may be largely ineffective at achieving their stated goals. Several overarching aspects, including the enforcement regime and the risks of maximum harmonisation pre-empting legitimate national AI policy , engender significant concern. These issues should be addressed as a priority in the legislative process.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "draft", "after": "Draft", "start_char_pos": 460, "end_char_pos": 465}, {"type": "R", "before": "effect", "after": "risks", "start_char_pos": 653, "end_char_pos": 659}, {"type": "R", "before": "on the space for AI policymore generally", "after": "pre-empting legitimate national AI policy", "start_char_pos": 685, "end_char_pos": 725}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 109, 322, 414, 582, 757]} {"doc_id": "2107.03857", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "We present a lattice gas model of financial markets to explain previous empirical observations of the interplay of trends and reversion . The shares of an asset are modeled by gas molecules that are distributed across a hidden social network of investors. Neighbors in the network tend to align their positions due to herding behavior. The model is equivalent to the Ising model on this network, with the magnetization in the role of the deviation of the asset price from its value. For N independent assets, it generalizes to an O(N) vector model. In efficient markets, the system is driven to its critical temperature . There, it is characterized by long-range correlations and universal critical exponents, in analogy with the second-order phase transition between water and steam. Using the renormalization group, we show that these critical exponents imply predictions for the auto-correlations of financial market returns. For a simple network topology, consistency with observation implies a fractal dimension of the network of 3.3 and a correlation time of 10 years. While the simple model agrees well with market data on long time scales, it cannot explain the observed market trends over time horizons from one month to one year. In a next step, the approach should therefore be extended to other models of critical dynamics and to general network topologies. It opens the door for indirectly measuring universal properties of the hidden social network of investors from the observable interplay of trends and reversion .", "after_revision": "Motivated by empirical observations on the interplay of trends and reversion , a lattice gas model of financial markets is presented . The shares of an asset are modeled by gas molecules that are distributed across a hidden social network of investors. The model is equivalent to the Ising model on this network, whose magnetization represents the deviation of the asset price from its value. It is argued that the system is driven to its critical temperature in efficient markets . There, it is characterized by universal critical exponents, in analogy with the second-order phase transition between water and steam. These critical exponents imply predictions for the auto-correlations of financial market returns. For a simple network topology, consistency with the observed long-term auto-correlations implies a fractal network dimension of 3.3 , and a correlation time of 10 years. To also explain the observed short-term auto-correlations, the model should be extended beyond the critical domain, to other network topologies, and to other models of critical dynamics .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "We present a lattice gas model of financial markets to explain previous empirical observations of", "after": "Motivated by empirical observations on", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 97}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", a lattice gas model of financial markets is presented", "start_char_pos": 136, "end_char_pos": 136}, {"type": "D", "before": "Neighbors in the network tend to align their positions due to herding behavior.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 257, "end_char_pos": 336}, {"type": "R", "before": "with the magnetization in the role of the", "after": "whose magnetization represents the", "start_char_pos": 397, "end_char_pos": 438}, {"type": "R", "before": "For N independent assets, it generalizes to an O(N) vector model. 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In a next step, the approach should therefore be extended to other", "after": "short-term auto-correlations, the model should be extended beyond the critical domain, to other network topologies, and to other", "start_char_pos": 1182, "end_char_pos": 1309}, {"type": "D", "before": "and to general network topologies. It opens the door for indirectly measuring universal properties of the hidden social network of investors from the observable interplay of trends and reversion", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1338, "end_char_pos": 1532}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 138, 256, 336, 483, 549, 623, 786, 930, 1077, 1242, 1372]} {"doc_id": "2107.05556", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Motivation: Computational models that accurately identify high-affinity protein-compound pairs can accelerate drug discovery pipelines. These models aim to learn binding mechanics through drug-target interaction datasets and use the learned knowledge while predicting the affinity of any protein-compound pair. However, the datasets they rely on bear misleading patterns that bias models towards memorizing dataset-specific biomolecule properties, instead of learning binding mechanics. Insufficiently focused on the binding mechanics, the resulting models struggle while predicting the drug-target affinities (DTA), especially between de novo biomolecules. Here we present DebiasedDTA, the first model debiasing approach that avoids dataset biases in order to boost the affinity prediction on novel biomolecules. DebiasedDTA uses ensemble learning and weight sample adaptation for bias identification and avoidance and is applicable to almost all existing DTA prediction models. Results: The results show that DebiasedDTA can boost models while predicting the interactions between novel biomolecules. Known biomolecules also benefit from the performance boost, though the boost is amplified as the test biomolecules become more dissimilar to the training set. The experiments also show that DebiasedDTA can augment the DTA prediction models of different input and model structures and can avoid biases of different sources. Availability : The source code, the models, and the data sets are available at URL Contact: arzucan.ozgur@boun.edu.tr, elif.ozkirimli@roche.com", "after_revision": "Motivation: Computational models that accurately identify high-affinity protein-compound pairs can accelerate drug discovery pipelines. These models aim to learn binding mechanics through drug-target interaction datasets and use the learned knowledge for predicting the affinity of an input protein-compound pair. However, the datasets they rely on bear misleading patterns that bias models towards memorizing dataset-specific biomolecule properties, instead of learning binding mechanics. This results in models that struggle while predicting drug-target affinities (DTA), especially between de novo biomolecules. Here we present DebiasedDTA, the first DTA model debiasing approach that avoids dataset biases in order to boost affinity prediction for novel biomolecules. DebiasedDTA uses ensemble learning and sample weight adaptation for bias identification and avoidance and is applicable to almost all existing DTA prediction models. Results: The results show that DebiasedDTA can boost models while predicting the interactions between novel biomolecules. Known biomolecules also benefit from the performance improvement, especially when the test biomolecules are dissimilar to the training set. The experiments also show that DebiasedDTA can augment DTA prediction models of different input and model structures and is able to avoid biases of different sources. Availability and Implementation : The source code, the models, and the datasets are freely available for download at URL implementation in Python3, and supported for Linux, MacOS and MS Windows. Contact: arzucan.ozgur@boun.edu.tr, elif.ozkirimli@roche.com", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "while", "after": "for", "start_char_pos": 251, "end_char_pos": 256}, {"type": "R", "before": "any", "after": "an input", "start_char_pos": 284, "end_char_pos": 287}, {"type": "R", "before": "Insufficiently focused on the binding mechanics, the resulting models", "after": "This results in models that", "start_char_pos": 487, "end_char_pos": 556}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 583, "end_char_pos": 586}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "DTA", "start_char_pos": 697, "end_char_pos": 697}, {"type": "R", "before": "the affinity prediction on", "after": "affinity prediction for", "start_char_pos": 768, "end_char_pos": 794}, {"type": "R", "before": "weight sample", "after": "sample weight", "start_char_pos": 854, "end_char_pos": 867}, {"type": "R", "before": "boost, though the boost is amplified as the test biomolecules become more", "after": "improvement, especially when the test biomolecules are", "start_char_pos": 1156, "end_char_pos": 1229}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1317, "end_char_pos": 1320}, {"type": "R", "before": "can", "after": "is able to", "start_char_pos": 1387, "end_char_pos": 1390}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "and Implementation", "start_char_pos": 1439, "end_char_pos": 1439}, {"type": "R", "before": "data sets are available at URL", "after": "datasets are freely available for download at URL implementation in Python3, and supported for Linux, MacOS and MS Windows.", "start_char_pos": 1479, "end_char_pos": 1509}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 135, 310, 486, 657, 814, 980, 1102, 1261, 1425]} {"doc_id": "100194", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": " The Anti-Poverty Committee (APC) has taken full responsibility for four people splattering latex paint on the front of British Columbia premier Gordon Campbell's office in Vancouver Thursday afternoon . They tried to break into the office and frightened staff. The paint represented three official colours of the Olympic flag; yellow, red and green. \"I think the activists should be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law,\" said the premier . \"Frankly, this is about seeing their faces on television.\" Attorney General of British Columbia Wally Oppal spoke out against the group : \"It's disturbing when you have people like these, who are continually intimidating law-abiding citizens and I think the public is getting sick and tired of this group.\" The group vandalised and broke into Campbell's office in Vancouver last May when they posed as a flower delivery service and quickly ransacked his office breaking windows and throwing pictures, office documents, and various other items . They also threw yellow paint and put posters on the Olympic Clock in downtown Vancouver last April. They believe that poor citizens are losing their homes due to the money spent and developments near the city on preparation for the long-awaited 2010 Winter Olympics. Cunningham said the group will not stop the \"criminal acts\" until the government's budget surplus is spent on social housing and on the citizen's . \"Just after 2 p.m. a group of people attended the premier's office \u2026 and threw paint on the exterior of the building,\" said Const. Jana McGuinness of the Vancouver Police Department. \"This is a criminal charge. This is mischief, so if charges are warranted we'll definitely be laying charges.\"%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% No arrests were made as the four managed to leave before police arrived .", "after_revision": "A group of Olympic protesters tried to break into British Columbia premier Gordon Campbell's office in Vancouver Thursday afternoon and splattered paint on the entrance. The Anti-Poverty Committee (APC) has taken full responsibility for the four people who splattered the paint . They tried to break into the office and frightened staff. \"Just after 2 p.m. a group of people attended the premier's office \u2026 and threw paint on the exterior of the building,\" said Const. Jana McGuinness of the Vancouver Police Department. \"This is a criminal charge. This is mischief, so if charges are warranted we'll definitely be laying charges.\" No arrests were made as the four managed to leave before police arrived. The paint represented three official colours of the Olympic flag; yellow, red and green. \"I think the activists should be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law,\" said Campbell . \"Frankly, this is about seeing their faces on television.\" Attorney General of British Columbia Wally Oppal spoke out against the group , \"It's disturbing when you have people like these, who are continually intimidating law-abiding citizens , and I think the public is getting sick and tired of this group.\" The group has previously broke into Campbell's office in Vancouver last May when they posed as a flower delivery service and ransacked his office breaking windows and throwing pictures, office documents, and other items about . They also threw yellow paint and put posters on the Olympic Clock in downtown Vancouver last April. They said the protest was for poor citizens who are losing their homes because of money spent on developments for the upcoming 2010 Winter Olympics. Cunningham said the group will not stop the \"criminal acts\" until the government's budget surplus is spent on social housing and on the citizen's %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "A group of Olympic protesters tried to break into British Columbia premier Gordon Campbell's office in Vancouver Thursday afternoon and splattered paint on the entrance.", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 0}, {"type": "R", "before": "four people splattering latex paint on the front of British Columbia premier Gordon Campbell's office in Vancouver Thursday afternoon", "after": "the four people who splattered the paint", "start_char_pos": 68, "end_char_pos": 201}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"Just after 2 p.m. a group of people attended the premier's office \u2026 and threw paint on the exterior of the building,\" said Const. Jana McGuinness of the Vancouver Police Department. \"This is a criminal charge. 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Jana McGuinness of the Vancouver Police Department. \"This is a criminal charge. This is mischief, so if charges are warranted we'll definitely be laying charges.\"", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1412, "end_char_pos": 1705}, {"type": "D", "before": "No arrests were made as the four managed to leave before police arrived", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1735, "end_char_pos": 1806}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 203, 261, 329, 352, 509, 758, 996, 1096, 1263, 1480, 1542, 1594, 1622, 1705]} {"doc_id": "100868", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The H5N1 Avian Flu Virus has been found in a dead wild Canadian Goose in Abbotsbury Swannery in Dorset, England. This is the 11th case of the virus turning up in wild birds. The goose was found on February 25, 2008. 10 other cases of the virus have appeared in dead birds, all Mute Swans from the same area.", "after_revision": "The H5N1 Avian Flu virus has been found in a dead wild Canadian Goose in Abbotsbury Swannery in Dorset, England. This is the eleventh case of the virus turning up in wild birds. The goose was discovered on February 25, 2008. Ten other cases of the virus have appeared in dead birds, all Mute Swans from the same area.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Virus", "after": "virus", "start_char_pos": 19, "end_char_pos": 24}, {"type": "R", "before": "11th", "after": "eleventh", "start_char_pos": 125, "end_char_pos": 129}, {"type": "R", "before": "found", "after": "discovered", "start_char_pos": 188, "end_char_pos": 193}, {"type": "R", "before": "10", "after": "Ten", "start_char_pos": 216, "end_char_pos": 218}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 112, 173, 215]} {"doc_id": "100912", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Gordon Brown , who made a speech to the UK Labour Party todayThe UK Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, has made a speech to UK Labour Party members as part of his party's spring conference. In the speech he made several commitments, which he said he would \"work tirelessly\" to achieve. On the subjects of employment and welfare, Mr. Brown said that his party \"will offer new entitlements to the carers that serve this country [the UK] so well. He continued by saying that since Labour came to power in 1997, three million new jobs have been created. He also said that Labour will attempt to get 100,00 people back to work. When discussing crime in the speech, Mr. Brown claimed that his party has \"already cut crime by 32\\%.\" He also made promises of community policing across the UK.", "after_revision": "Gordon Brown in 2004.United Kingdom Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, has made a speech to UK Labour Party members as part of the party's spring conference. In the speech he made several commitments, which he said he would \"work tirelessly\" to achieve. On the subjects of employment and welfare, Mr. Brown said that his party \"will offer new entitlements to the careers that serve this country [the UK] so well. He continued by saying that since Labour came to power in 1997, three million new jobs have been created. He also said that Labour will attempt to get 100,00 people back to work. While discussing crime in the speech, Mr. Brown claimed that his party has \"already cut crime by 32\\%.\" He also made promises of community policing across the UK.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": ", who made a speech to the UK Labour Party todayThe UK", "after": "in 2004.United Kingdom", "start_char_pos": 13, "end_char_pos": 67}, {"type": "R", "before": "his", "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 154, "end_char_pos": 157}, {"type": "R", "before": "carers", "after": "careers", "start_char_pos": 390, "end_char_pos": 396}, {"type": "R", "before": "When", "after": "While", "start_char_pos": 618, "end_char_pos": 622}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 184, 280, 438, 544, 617, 720]} {"doc_id": "101799", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Jimmy Wales at a Wikimania event in 2007. Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales has been accused of editing pages in the encyclopedia in return for a donation to the Wikimedia Foundation . In an article published Tuesday, the Sydney Morning Herald reported that former Novell computer scientist Jeff Merkey alleged Wales had made edits to his article on his behalf, in exchange for a donation to the Wikimedia Foundation. The news hit the website Slashdot later Tuesday, where the incident was dubbed \"DonorGate\". According to The Daily Telegraph , Merkey claims that he was told by Wales in 2006 that the Wikipedia article about him could be made more favorable in exchange for a donation. Merkey made a donation of USD$5,000 to the Wikimedia Foundation, and Wales made edits to the Wikipedia article about Merkey around the same time. Merkey published his claims on a public Wikimedia mailing list and sent a statement to The Associated Press. In a response Wales called Merkey's statements \"nonsense\", saying \"Of course I would never offer, nor accept any offer, whereby a donation would buy someone special editorial treatment in the encyclopedia. I do routinely assist people with WP:BLP issues, and I do courtesies for many people. Donations have no bearing on that at all.\" WP:BLP refers to Wikipedia's policy regarding biographies of living persons on the encyclopedia. After deleting the Wikipedia article about Merkey in 2006, Wales wrote to Wikipedia editors he had done so \"because of the unpleasantness of it\" and requested that they \"be extra careful here to be courteous and assume good faith\". After erasing the article, Wales placed the article under protection with editing access limited to established users. Merkey ceased his $ 5, 000.00 per year payments to the Wikimedia Foundation after reviewing what he called \"evidence of diversion and mismanagement of the charities funds by Wales and the Wikimedia Board of Trustees\". In a statement responding to a post about the incident on the site Techtree.com, Wikimedia Foundation's Head of Communications Jay Walsh addressed the Foundation's principles regarding conflict of interest : \"The Wikimedia Foundation (the Foundation which operates and maintains Wikipedia and other free knowledge projects) has never solicited or accepted donations for the purposes of making edits or offering protection to Wikipedia articles. Nor has Jimmy Wales ever solicited or accepted donations for the Foundation in this capacity. These allegations are completely false. ... Jimmy has been unfailingly ethical and frugal in the use of all Foundation funds. The Wikimedia Foundation, its staff and board members, and the users of Wikipedia itself hold the core principles of 'no conflict of interest' in the highest regard.\" After leaving Novell amidst allegations of misappropriation of trade secrets, Merkey was sued by his former employer. He filed a harassment lawsuit against organizations including the website Slashdot in 2005. Merkey filed a suit against Delta Air Lines and Natural Selection Foods in 2006, claiming his son had become sick from E. coli contaminated spinach. Merkey is banned from editing Wikipedia due to a ruling by Wikipedia's Arbitration Committee. The Wikipedia Signpost , Wikipedia's community-written and community-edited newspaper, reported that a Wikipedia user account used by Merkey was blocked in October 2005 for \"Personal attacks, legal threats, harassment, disruption\". Merkey was later allowed to come back to edit Wikipedia in May 2007 under a different account. As the result of a ruling by Wikipedia's Arbitration Committe in a July 2007 arbitration case, Merkey and two users who had harassed him on Wikipedia were banned from editing the encyclopedia for one year. Last week Jimmy Wales faced accusations by former Wikimedia Foundation executive Danny Wool that he misused the non-profit organization 's funds, and attempted to expense a visit to a Moscow massage parlor and high-priced bottles of wine. In an interview with CNET TV , Wikimedia Foundation Executive Director Sue Gardner described Wool as \"a disgruntled former employee\" and called his claims \"a whole bunch of unsubstantiated rumors and gossip\". Wales's former girlfriend, journalist Rachel Marsden , recently leaked purported instant message transcripts with Wales, which implied Wales had used his influence to change the article about Marsden on Wikipedia. Wales ended his relationship with Marsden and made a public statement to that effect on Wikipedia, and in response Marsden opened an auction for some of Wales's clothing on eBay . Related news ", "after_revision": "founder has been accused of editing pages in the encyclopedia in return for a donation to the . In an article published Tuesday, the reported that former computer scientist alleged Wales had made edits to his article on his behalf, in exchange for a donation to the Wikimedia Foundation. The news hit the website later Tuesday, where the incident was dubbed \"DonorGate\". According to , Merkey claims that he was told by Wales in 2006 that the Wikipedia article about him could be made more favorable in exchange for a donation. Merkey made a donation of 5, 000 to the Wikimedia Foundation, and Wales made edits to the Wikipedia article about Merkey around the same time. Merkey published his claims on a public Wikimedia mailing list and sent a statement to . In a response Wales called Merkey's statements \"nonsense\", saying \"Of course I would never offer, nor accept any offer, whereby a donation would buy someone special editorial treatment in the encyclopedia. I do routinely assist people with WP:BLP issues, and I do courtesies for many people. Donations have no bearing on that at all.\" refers to Wikipedia's policy regarding biographies of living persons on the encyclopedia. After deleting the Wikipedia article about Merkey in 2006, Wales wrote to Wikipedia editors he had done so \"because of the unpleasantness of it\" and requested that they \"be extra careful here to be courteous and assume good faith\". After erasing the article, Wales placed the article under protection with editing access limited to established users. Merkey ceased his $5, 000.00 per year payments to the Wikimedia Foundation after reviewing what he called \"evidence of diversion and mismanagement of the charities funds by Wales and the Wikimedia Board of Trustees\". In a statement responding to a post about the incident on the site Techtree.com, Wikimedia Foundation's Head of Communications addressed the Foundation's principles regarding : \"The Wikimedia Foundation (the Foundation which operates and maintains Wikipedia and other free knowledge projects) has never solicited or accepted donations for the purposes of making edits or offering protection to Wikipedia articles. Nor has Jimmy Wales ever solicited or accepted donations for the Foundation in this capacity. These allegations are completely false. ... Jimmy has been unfailingly ethical and frugal in the use of all Foundation funds. The Wikimedia Foundation, its staff and board members, and the users of Wikipedia itself hold the core principles of 'no conflict of interest' in the highest regard.\" After leaving Novell amidst allegations of misappropriation of trade secrets, Merkey was sued by his former employer. He filed a harassment lawsuit against organizations including the website Slashdot in 2005. Merkey filed a suit against and in 2006, claiming his son had become sick from E. coli contaminated spinach. Merkey is banned from editing Wikipedia due to a ruling by Wikipedia's Arbitration Committee. , Wikipedia's community-written and community-edited newspaper, reported that a Wikipedia user account used by Merkey was blocked in October 2005 for \"Personal attacks, legal threats, harassment, disruption\". Merkey was later allowed to come back to edit Wikipedia in May 2007 under a different account. As the result of a ruling by Wikipedia's Arbitration Committe in a July 2007 arbitration case, Merkey and two users who had harassed him on Wikipedia were banned from editing the encyclopedia for one year. Last week Jimmy Wales faced accusations by former Wikimedia Foundation executive Danny Wool that he misused the 's funds, and attempted to expense a visit to a Moscow massage parlor and high-priced bottles of wine. In an interview with , Wikimedia Foundation Executive Director described Wool as \"a disgruntled former employee\" and called his claims \"a whole bunch of unsubstantiated rumors and gossip\". Wales's former girlfriend, journalist , recently leaked purported instant message transcripts with Wales, which implied Wales had used his influence to change the article about Marsden on Wikipedia. Wales ended his relationship with Marsden and made a public statement to that effect on Wikipedia, and in response Marsden opened an auction for some of Wales's clothing on . Related news Sister links", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Jimmy Wales at a Wikimania event in 2007. Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales", "after": "founder", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 71}, {"type": "D", "before": "Wikimedia Foundation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 158, "end_char_pos": 178}, {"type": "D", "before": "Sydney Morning Herald", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 218, "end_char_pos": 239}, {"type": "R", "before": "Novell computer scientist Jeff Merkey", "after": "computer scientist", "start_char_pos": 261, "end_char_pos": 298}, {"type": "D", "before": "Slashdot", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 439, "end_char_pos": 447}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Daily Telegraph", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 519, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "D", "before": "USD$5,000 to the Wikimedia Foundation, and Wales made edits to the Wikipedia article about Merkey around the same time. Merkey published his claims on a public Wikimedia mailing list and sent a statement to The Associated Press. In a response Wales called Merkey's statements \"nonsense\", saying \"Of course I would never offer, nor accept any offer, whereby a donation would buy someone special editorial treatment in the encyclopedia. I do routinely assist people with WP:BLP issues, and I do courtesies for many people. Donations have no bearing on that at all.\" WP:BLP refers to Wikipedia's policy regarding biographies of living persons on the encyclopedia. After deleting the Wikipedia article about Merkey in 2006, Wales wrote to Wikipedia editors he had done so \"because of the unpleasantness of it\" and requested that they \"be extra careful here to be courteous and assume good faith\". After erasing the article, Wales placed the article under protection with editing access limited to established users. Merkey ceased his $", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 709, "end_char_pos": 1740}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "000 to the Wikimedia Foundation, and Wales made edits to the Wikipedia article about Merkey around the same time. Merkey published his claims on a public Wikimedia mailing list and sent a statement to .", "start_char_pos": 1744, "end_char_pos": 1744}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "In a response Wales called Merkey's statements \"nonsense\", saying \"Of course I would never offer, nor accept any offer, whereby a donation would buy someone special editorial treatment in the encyclopedia. I do routinely assist people with WP:BLP issues, and I do courtesies for many people. Donations have no bearing on that at all.\" refers to Wikipedia's policy regarding biographies of living persons on the encyclopedia.", "start_char_pos": 1745, "end_char_pos": 1745}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "After deleting the Wikipedia article about Merkey in 2006, Wales wrote to Wikipedia editors he had done so \"because of the unpleasantness of it\" and requested that they \"be extra careful here to be courteous and assume good faith\". After erasing the article, Wales placed the article under protection with editing access limited to established users. 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Two cyclists from Merida Europe Team crossed the finish line firstly. Giant Asia Racing Team, the Team Champion in this series. A 72-golden-hour race of 2008 Tour de Taiwan in the Taipei-Keelung metropolitan area came to an end after entering the Taipei Xinyi Shopping Area as the final stage today. Before the main race, the organizer, Chinese Taipei Cycling Association held \"The 3rd Taipei Citizen Elimination Road Race\" to examine the achievements of basic cycling promotion. Even though its racing scale is one third of the Taipei Stage (60 laps, 1 km/lap), but several local cycling clubs and senior cyclists participated in this promotional race. Kuan-hua Lai, a cyclist from Giant Asia Racing Team, the current Taiwan leader of Tour de Taiwan, spoke to Wikinews Reporter Rico Shen before racing: \"Since we[the Team took the leading from Changhua County Stage until now, we were still be cautious of this current status because the competitors just lost behind within 15 seconds.\" And also, he commented about an \"earlier suspension\" incident in the same stage in 2007: \"I didn't participate in this series last year. However, with several cyclists' actual strengths in several criterium stages, I think that the same incident won't take place again this year.\" In the main race, due to a very close actual strength, not everyone can took the leading for a long-period especially in Asian cyclists' competition. As a result in the middle-end section, the main group extremity controlled the condition of this race. Finally, Marek Weso\u0142y from Merida Europe Team won his second stage champion in this stage since he got former stage champion in Pingtung County. With the stage champion went to Weso\u0142y, John Murphy firmly won the overall champion in this series after 8 stages' racing. By the way, Kuan-hua Lai not only won the Taiwan Champion and was voted as the \"Most Popular Taiwanese Cyclist\", but also helped his team (Giant Asia Racing Team) to win the Team Champion in this series. After the race, He commented about this race: \"Even though we got a great difference after we[the Team got the lead from Changhua[stage , but we got a damn difficult situation because the competitors just lost behind within a small difference. Because of this issue, we cautiously chose some roads to do several attacks to keep the leading to the end.\" And he also commented about the \"DAMN\" crash incident yesterday to Wikinews Reporter Rico Shen: \"It's unable to prevent the crash. But mostly, cyclists without concentrations to a race or a game] will bring on crash in a race. If a cyclist want to prevent a crash, a cyclist should focus on the race in any time and any where.\" In another brief after race interview, John Murphy talked to Wikinews Reporter Rico Shen about this stage especially on the competition of yellow jersey: \"Shawn Milne is a respectful competitor even though he was formerly in our[Health Net Pro Cycling team, but he majorly ever threatened me since he got the 5th Stage Champion. After this, my current teammates did several attempts covering me to the end, and finally, it took a good effort for me. I really appreciated and thanked for my teammates' help.\" Audio Highlights Key Results Tour de Taiwan Taipei City Stage 240px|Stage Champion and Individual Champions in this Stage. Stage Champion: Marek Weso\u0142y (Merida Europe) Individual Classification Asian Champion (Blue Jersey): Takashi Miyazawa (Team Meitan Hompo-GDR) Taiwan Champion (White Jersey): Kuan-hua Lai (Giant Asia Racing Team) Sprint Champion (Green Jersey): John Murphy (Health Net Pro Cycling Team) Overall Champion (Yellow Jersey): John Murphy Team Classification Giant Asia Racing Team Team Skil-Shimano Health Net Pro Cycling Team", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Jeff", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 4}, {"type": "R", "before": "Legenday One", "after": "Race for Citizens", "start_char_pos": 7, "end_char_pos": 19}, {"type": "R", "before": "Yang has completed the first stage of", "after": ", set up for basic bicycle sport promotion. Two cyclists from Merida Europe Team crossed the finish line firstly. Giant Asia Racing Team, the Team Champion in this series. A 72-golden-hour race of 2008 Tour de Taiwan in the Taipei-Keelung metropolitan area came to an end after entering the Taipei Xinyi Shopping Area as the final stage today. Before the main race, the organizer, Chinese Taipei Cycling Association held \"The 3rd Taipei Citizen Elimination Road Race\" to examine the achievements of basic cycling promotion. Even though its racing scale is one third of the Taipei Stage (60 laps, 1 km/lap), but several local cycling clubs and senior cyclists participated in this promotional race.", "start_char_pos": 22, "end_char_pos": 59}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Kuan-hua Lai, a cyclist from Giant Asia Racing Team, the current Taiwan leader of Tour de Taiwan, spoke to Wikinews Reporter Rico Shen before racing: \"Since we", "start_char_pos": 60, "end_char_pos": 60}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the Team", "start_char_pos": 61, "end_char_pos": 61}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "took the leading from Changhua County Stage until now, we were still be cautious of this current status because the competitors just lost behind within 15 seconds.\" And also, he commented about an \"earlier suspension\" incident in the same stage in 2007: \"I didn't participate in this series last year. However, with several cyclists' actual strengths in several criterium stages, I think that the same incident won't take place again this year.\"", "start_char_pos": 62, "end_char_pos": 62}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "In the main race, due to a very close actual strength, not everyone can took the leading for a long-period especially in Asian cyclists' competition. As a result in the middle-end section, the main group extremity controlled the condition of this race. Finally, Marek Weso\u0142y from Merida Europe Team won his second stage champion in this stage since he got former stage champion in Pingtung County. With the stage champion went to Weso\u0142y, John Murphy firmly won the overall champion in this series after 8 stages' racing.", "start_char_pos": 63, "end_char_pos": 63}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "By the way, Kuan-hua Lai not only won the Taiwan Champion and was voted as the \"Most Popular Taiwanese Cyclist\", but also helped his team (Giant Asia Racing Team) to win the Team Champion in this series. After the race, He commented about this race: \"Even though we got a great difference after we", "start_char_pos": 64, "end_char_pos": 64}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the Team", "start_char_pos": 65, "end_char_pos": 65}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "got the lead from Changhua", "start_char_pos": 66, "end_char_pos": 66}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "stage", "start_char_pos": 67, "end_char_pos": 67}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", but we got a damn difficult situation because the competitors just lost behind within a small difference. Because of this issue, we cautiously chose some roads to do several attacks to keep the leading to the end.\"", "start_char_pos": 68, "end_char_pos": 68}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "And he also commented about the \"DAMN\" crash incident yesterday to Wikinews Reporter Rico Shen: \"It's unable to prevent the crash. But mostly, cyclists without concentrations to a race", "start_char_pos": 69, "end_char_pos": 69}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "or a game", "start_char_pos": 70, "end_char_pos": 70}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "will bring on crash in a race. If a cyclist want to prevent a crash, a cyclist should focus on the race in any time and any where.\"", "start_char_pos": 72, "end_char_pos": 72}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "In another brief after race interview, John Murphy talked to Wikinews Reporter Rico Shen about this stage especially on the competition of yellow jersey: \"Shawn Milne is a respectful competitor even though he was formerly in our", "start_char_pos": 73, "end_char_pos": 73}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Health Net Pro Cycling", "start_char_pos": 74, "end_char_pos": 74}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "team, but he majorly ever threatened me since he got the 5th Stage Champion. After this, my current teammates did several attempts covering me to", "start_char_pos": 75, "end_char_pos": 75}, {"type": "R", "before": "race and is currently in first place and wearing a blessed jerseygiven to him by the Ruby Buddha", "after": "end, and finally, it took a good effort for me. I really appreciated and thanked for my teammates' help.\" Audio Highlights", "start_char_pos": 80, "end_char_pos": 176}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Key Results Tour de Taiwan Taipei City Stage 240px|Stage Champion and Individual Champions in this Stage. Stage Champion: Marek Weso\u0142y (Merida Europe) Individual Classification Asian Champion (Blue Jersey): Takashi Miyazawa (Team Meitan Hompo-GDR) Taiwan Champion (White Jersey): Kuan-hua Lai (Giant Asia Racing Team) Sprint Champion (Green Jersey): John Murphy (Health Net Pro Cycling Team) Overall Champion (Yellow Jersey): John Murphy", "start_char_pos": 177, "end_char_pos": 177}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Team Classification Giant Asia Racing Team Team Skil-Shimano Health Net Pro Cycling Team", "start_char_pos": 178, "end_char_pos": 178}], "sents_char_pos": [0]} {"doc_id": "103071", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "As a non-partisan news source, Wikinews has impartially reached out to these candidates, who are looking to become the 43rd person elected to serve their nation from 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. Wikinews' own Patrick Mannion corresponded with the Socialist Party USA nominee and candidate, Brian Moore via e-mail. Have you ever run for political office before? Moore: Yes, I ran for city council and mayor in Washington in the 1980's and 1990's; and I ran for the U.S. Congress and the U.S. Senate in Florida in 2002, 2004 and 2006 respectively. Have you ever been a member of a political party, other than the one you're currently in? Moore: Yes, I was a member of the Democratic Party , the Citizens Party, the Reform Party and the Socialist Party . I also was an Independent for a long period of time. What skills or ideas do or previous positions, you bring from this position that will benefit the Oval Office? Moore: Not sure your question is clear. I have worked in the private and public sector, for-profit and non-profit sectors, domestically and internationally, as an administrator, project director, fundraiser and in sales. I have worked with the poor and solicited funds from corporations and governments as well. I speak Spanish and some Portuguese , and have traveled and lived in South America for almost eight years. I have been involved civically and politically and professionally for forty years, I play sports and attend cultural events, and feel I am well-rounded. I speak out forthrightly on the issues, take strong and clear stands, take the initiative a lot and leader and/or start causes and projects in a leadership capacity. Freedom and Privacy Rights: Abolish the Patriot Act, the Military Tribunal bill , all executive orders that water down people's rights, and abolish all intelligence agencies overseas and the Homeland Security Agency at home. Can any third party or independent candidate ever win? Moore: Yes, per the rationale mentioned in answer #11; or from an attractive third party candidate and an even split from the other two major party candidates. Remember, Bill Clinton won the 1992 presidency with 39\\% of the vote, George Bush with 37\\%, Ross Perot with 20\\% (he was up to 40\\% in the early part of the campaign and won up to 28\\% in some states). Plus, the country is getting tired of holding its nose and voting for the lesser of two evils, plus the number of Independent and minor party candidates is growing and about to surpass one or both of the two major parties in percentage registered. Why do you believe socialism or even democratic socialism has never really \"taken off\" in America? Moore: Socialism had taken off in America. It is just that the \"Red Scare\" and the Espionage Act and the Sedition Act between 1917 and 1924 by the U.S. government, Stalinism and McCarthyism from 1945 to 1955; and the Cold War in the second half of the 20th century all undermined a wonderful and rich heritage of our country that thrived from 1900 thru 1925 and beyond. There were 1200 officeholders in America who were registered and public candidates as Socialists in America around 1920. Close to one million Americans voted for Eugene Debs in 1912 and 1920, gaining 9\\% and 11\\% of the popular vote. Remember, Teddy Roosevelt ran in 1912 as a third party candidate and garnered the second highest vote totals (20\\%) and still Gene Debs also gained around 11\\%. Can you imagine if Teddy Roosevelt had not been a candidate in that election! Secondly, the Socialists were against World World I , plus there was a split in the party with over half going to Communism, thus both suffering the consequences of Woodrow Wilson's Sedition Act and Red Scare tactics accusing them of being traitors. Membership in the Socialist Party of America grew from 13,000 to 118,000 by 1912, and circulation of its journal, Appeal to Reason , reached a circulation of over 760,000. Keep in mind supporters of Socialism then and into the 1930's and 1940's, in addition to Eugene V. Debs were Upton Sinclair, Helen Keller, Einstein, Sinclair Lewis, A. Philip Randolph, Walter Reuther, Margaret Sanger, Jack London, William DuBois, Kate Richards O'Hare, Frank Zeidler, Rose Pastor Stokes, Victor Berger, Bayard Rustin and Michael Harrington . The growth of the left worried President Woodrow Wilson and his administration so much that America entered what became known as the \"Red Scare\" period. In 1919, U.S. Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer , at the order of President Wilson, arrested over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists. These people were charged with \"advocating force, violence and unlawful means to overthrow the Government.\" J. Edgar Hoover was part of the effort at that time. Large number of these \"suspects\" were held without trial for a long time, and some were expelled to Russia. The Socialist party took a terrible hit and its membership suffered a severe drop due to the governmental intimidation and false claims against it. If you can't make it into the Oval Office, who would you prefer seeing taking the presidency? Moore: No one else, other than Ralph Nader . All, including Ralph Nader, are part of the capitalistic system, and accept its premises that competition, profit, ambition, taking the initiative, winning, exploitation, and survival of the fittest philosophy win over the socialist's features of cooperation, democracy, communal responsibility, fairness, equity, egalitarianism, mutual respect, helping one another, etc. Even Ralph Nader would have a terrible time under capitalism, but I think down deep he really is a socialist at heart, but does not have the gumption or is too practical to believe that it can emerge or survive.", "after_revision": "As a non-partisan news source, Wikinews has impartially reached out to these candidates, who are looking to become the 43rd person elected to serve their nation from 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. Wikinews' own Patrick Mannion corresponded with the Socialist Party USA nominee and candidate, via e-mail. Have you ever run for political office before? Moore: Yes, I ran for city council and mayor in in the 1980's and 1990's; and I ran for the | U.S. Congress and the in Florida in 2002, 2004 and 2006 respectively. Have you ever been a member of a political party, other than the one you're currently in? Moore: Yes, I was a member of the , the Citizens Party, the and the . I also was an for a long period of time. What skills or ideas do or previous positions, you bring from this position that will benefit the Oval Office? Moore: Not sure your question is clear. I have worked in the private and public sector, for-profit and non-profit sectors, domestically and internationally, as an administrator, project director, fundraiser and in sales. I have worked with the poor and solicited funds from corporations and governments as well. I speak and some , and have traveled and lived in South America for almost eight years. I have been involved civically and politically and professionally for forty years, I play sports and attend cultural events, and feel I am well-rounded. I speak out forthrightly on the issues, take strong and clear stands, take the initiative a lot and leader and/or start causes and projects in a leadership capacity. Freedom and Privacy Rights: Abolish the , the , all executive orders that water down people's rights, and abolish all intelligence agencies overseas and the Homeland Security Agency at home. Can any third party or independent candidate ever win? Moore: Yes, per the rationale mentioned in answer #11; or from an attractive third party candidate and an even split from the other two major party candidates. Remember, won the 1992 presidency with 39\\% of the vote, with 37\\%, with 20\\% (he was up to 40\\% in the early part of the campaign and won up to 28\\% in some states). Plus, the country is getting tired of holding its nose and voting for the lesser of two evils, plus the number of Independent and minor party candidates is growing and about to surpass one or both of the two major parties in percentage registered. Why do you believe socialism or even democratic socialism has never really \"taken off\" in America? Moore: Socialism had taken off in America. It is just that the and the and the between 1917 and 1924 by the U.S. government, and from 1945 to 1955; and the Cold War in the second half of the 20th century all undermined a wonderful and rich heritage of our country that thrived from 1900 thru 1925 and beyond. There were 1200 officeholders in America who were registered and public candidates as Socialists in America around 1920. Close to one million Americans voted for in 1912 and 1920, gaining 9\\% and 11\\% of the popular vote. Remember, ran in 1912 as a third party candidate and garnered the second highest vote totals (20\\%) and still Gene Debs also gained around 11\\%. Can you imagine if Teddy Roosevelt had not been a candidate in that election! Secondly, the Socialists were against , plus there was a split in the party with over half going to Communism, thus both suffering the consequences of Woodrow Wilson's Sedition Act and Red Scare tactics accusing them of being traitors. Membership in the grew from 13,000 to 118,000 by 1912, and circulation of its journal, , reached a circulation of over 760,000. Keep in mind supporters of Socialism then and into the 1930's and 1940's, in addition to Eugene V. Debs were , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . The growth of the left worried President and his administration so much that America entered what became known as the \"Red Scare\" period. In 1919, U.S. Attorney General , at the order of President Wilson, arrested over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists. These people were charged with \"advocating force, violence and unlawful means to overthrow the Government.\" was part of the effort at that time. Large number of these \"suspects\" were held without trial for a long time, and some were expelled to Russia. The Socialist party took a terrible hit and its membership suffered a severe drop due to the governmental intimidation and false claims against it. If you can't make it into the Oval Office, who would you prefer seeing taking the presidency? Moore: No one else, other than . All, including Ralph Nader, are part of the capitalistic system, and accept its premises that competition, profit, ambition, taking the initiative, winning, exploitation, and survival of the fittest philosophy win over the socialist's features of cooperation, democracy, communal responsibility, fairness, equity, egalitarianism, mutual respect, helping one another, etc. Even Ralph Nader would have a terrible time under capitalism, but I think down deep he really is a socialist at heart, but does not have the gumption or is too practical to believe that it can emerge or survive.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Brian Moore", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 290, "end_char_pos": 301}, {"type": "D", "before": "Washington", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 409, "end_char_pos": 419}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "|", "start_char_pos": 464, "end_char_pos": 464}, {"type": "R", "before": "and the U.S. Senate", "after": "and the", "start_char_pos": 479, "end_char_pos": 498}, {"type": "D", "before": "Democratic Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 671, "end_char_pos": 687}, {"type": "R", "before": "Reform Party and the Socialist Party", "after": "and the", "start_char_pos": 714, "end_char_pos": 750}, {"type": "D", "before": "Independent", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 767, "end_char_pos": 778}, {"type": "R", "before": "Spanish and some Portuguese", "after": "and some", "start_char_pos": 1237, "end_char_pos": 1264}, {"type": "D", "before": "Patriot Act, the Military Tribunal bill", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1695, "end_char_pos": 1734}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the ,", "start_char_pos": 1737, "end_char_pos": 1737}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bill Clinton", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2106, "end_char_pos": 2118}, {"type": "D", "before": "George Bush", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2166, "end_char_pos": 2177}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ross Perot", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2189, "end_char_pos": 2199}, {"type": "R", "before": "\"Red Scare\" and the Espionage Act and the Sedition Act", "after": "and the and the", "start_char_pos": 2709, "end_char_pos": 2763}, {"type": "R", "before": "Stalinism and McCarthyism", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 2810, "end_char_pos": 2835}, {"type": "D", "before": "Eugene Debs", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3178, "end_char_pos": 3189}, {"type": "D", "before": "Teddy Roosevelt", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3260, "end_char_pos": 3275}, {"type": "D", "before": "World World I", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3527, "end_char_pos": 3540}, {"type": "D", "before": "Socialist Party of America", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3757, "end_char_pos": 3783}, {"type": "D", "before": "Appeal to Reason", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3853, "end_char_pos": 3869}, {"type": "R", "before": "Upton Sinclair, Helen Keller, Einstein, Sinclair Lewis, A. 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Edgar Hoover", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4681, "end_char_pos": 4696}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ralph Nader", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 5115, "end_char_pos": 5126}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 313, 360, 445, 546, 636, 752, 805, 916, 956, 1137, 1228, 1335, 1488, 1654, 1880, 1935, 1990, 2095, 2298, 2546, 2645, 2688, 2854, 3015, 3136, 3249, 3410, 3488, 3738, 3910, 4268, 4421, 4572, 4733, 4841, 4989, 5083, 5500]} {"doc_id": "103516", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In his speech at NATO's 2008 Bucharest summit on Thursday, the President of Moldova Vladimir Voronin asked for international support in solving the Transnistrian conflict and in overcoming polemics with regard to Moldova's national identity and present borders. Transnistria is a region, roughly between the Dniester river and Ukraine. It declared its independence in 1992, but is not recognised as such by any state or international organisation and lies entirely within the internationally recognised borders of Moldova. The region has organised itself as a republic under the name Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. It has been de facto independent since a ceasefire in July 1992 and Moldova exercises no control over the region. The Joint Control Commission has maintained a buffer zone ever since the War of Transnistria . Voronin said the Transnistrian problem fuels a potential of insecurity and instability not only for Moldova's territory, but also for the whole region, and is still unsettled. He called attention to the regional-scale effects of this conflict, saying that it blocks Moldova's modernization, as well as the interference of Transnistria-related problems with up-to-date international security issues, such as the Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty (CFE Treaty), NATO's extension, anti-missile defense systems in Europe and Kosovo are obvious, Vladimir Voronin specified. Map of Moldova, highlighting the break-away region, Transnistria. Vladimir Voronin reaffirmed Moldova's official position at this important event, which debates security issues: \"We want to identify a viable solution to the Transnistrian problem, which should be focused on the demilitarization and the prohibition of foreign troops and military facilities on our national territory, in line with the recognized status of Moldova's neutrality, as well as giving a fair status to the Transnistrian region within a sovereign, indivisible and territorially united Moldova.\" The president reiterated that 17 years after the proclamation of Moldovan independence , it seeks the support of the international community in order to avoid destructive polemics on our national identity and present borders. Doing so will help Moldova focus on their pro-European aspirations. He also called for greater involvement by all sides for the recognition of Moldova's neutrality and promotion of the country's reintegration on the basis of the international law . During the NATO summit, Vladimir Voronin held discussions with President of Latvia Valdis Zatlers and Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus . The officials focused on Moldova's cooperative ties with Latvia and Lithuania and the prospects of extending and deepening the country's collaboration with the two Baltic states . The Moldovan president thanked both the Latvian authorities and the Lithuanian leadership for the firm support given Moldova to make the country's European integration choice come true. The head of state stressed the Moldovan side's increased interest in continuing cooperation in the field of promoting the European standards by taking over the advanced European integration experience of the two states. President Vladimir Voronin returned to Chisinau Thursday evening.", "after_revision": "In his speech at NATO's on Thursday, the asked for international support in solving the Transnistrian conflict and in overcoming with regard to Moldova's national identity and present borders. Transnistria is a region, roughly between the river and Ukraine. It declared its independence in 1992, but is not as such by any state or international organisation and lies entirely within the internationally recognised borders of Moldova. The region has organised itself as a republic under the name Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. It has been de facto independent since a ceasefire in July 1992 and Moldova exercises no control over the region. The has maintained a ever since the . Voronin said the Transnistrian problem fuels a potential of insecurity and instability not only for Moldova's territory, but also for the whole region, and is still unsettled. He called attention to the regional-scale effects of this conflict, saying that it blocks Moldova's modernization, as well as the interference of Transnistria-related problems with up-to-date international security issues, such as the (CFE Treaty), NATO's extension, anti-missile defense systems in Europe and Kosovo are obvious, Vladimir Voronin specified. Map of Moldova, highlighting the break-away region, Transnistria. Vladimir Voronin reaffirmed Moldova's official position at this important event, which debates security issues: \"We want to identify a viable solution to the Transnistrian problem, which should be focused on the demilitarization and the prohibition of foreign troops and military facilities on our national territory, in line with the recognized status of Moldova's neutrality, as well as giving a fair status to the Transnistrian region within a sovereign, indivisible and territorially united Moldova.\" The president reiterated that 17 years after the proclamation of , it seeks the support of the international community in order to avoid destructive polemics on our national identity and present borders. Doing so will help Moldova focus on their pro-European aspirations. He also called for greater involvement by all sides for the recognition of Moldova's and promotion of the country's reintegration on the basis of the . During the NATO summit, Vladimir Voronin held discussions with and Lithuanian President . The officials focused on Moldova's cooperative ties with Latvia and Lithuania and the prospects of extending and deepening the country's collaboration with the two . The Moldovan president thanked both the Latvian authorities and the Lithuanian leadership for the firm support given Moldova to make the country's choice come true. The head of state stressed the Moldovan side's increased interest in continuing cooperation in the field of promoting the European standards by taking over the advanced European integration experience of the two states. President Vladimir Voronin returned to Thursday evening.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "2008 Bucharest summit", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 24, "end_char_pos": 45}, {"type": "D", "before": "President of Moldova Vladimir Voronin", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 63, "end_char_pos": 100}, {"type": "D", "before": "polemics", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 189, "end_char_pos": 197}, {"type": "D", "before": "Dniester", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 308, "end_char_pos": 316}, {"type": "D", "before": "recognised", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 385, "end_char_pos": 395}, {"type": "D", "before": "Joint Control Commission", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 737, "end_char_pos": 761}, {"type": "D", "before": "buffer zone", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 779, "end_char_pos": 790}, {"type": "D", "before": "War of Transnistria", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 806, "end_char_pos": 825}, {"type": "D", "before": "Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1239, "end_char_pos": 1281}, {"type": "D", "before": "Moldovan independence", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2041, "end_char_pos": 2062}, {"type": "D", "before": "neutrality", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2355, "end_char_pos": 2365}, {"type": "D", "before": "international law", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2431, "end_char_pos": 2448}, {"type": "D", "before": "President of Latvia Valdis Zatlers", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2514, "end_char_pos": 2548}, {"type": "D", "before": "Valdas Adamkus", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2574, "end_char_pos": 2588}, {"type": "D", "before": "Baltic states", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2755, "end_char_pos": 2768}, {"type": "D", "before": "European integration", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2918, "end_char_pos": 2938}, {"type": "D", "before": "Chisinau", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3216, "end_char_pos": 3224}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 261, 335, 522, 618, 732, 827, 1003, 1404, 1470, 1582, 1975, 2201, 2269, 2590, 2770, 2956, 3176]} {"doc_id": "104781", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "An earlier Soyuz-FG launch At 22:16 GMT yesterday (04:16 today local time), a Russian Soyuz-FG / Fregat carrier rocket was launched from Site 31/6 the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, carrying the European GIOVE-B experimental Navigation satellite . The launch was conducted by Starsem , a Russo-European organisation which commercially markets Soyuz-FG and Soyuz-2 launches. GIOVE-B was successfully deployed into a medium Earth orbit at 02:01 GMT this morning, after an ascent lasting nearly four hours. GIOVE-B will serve as a prototype for the Galileo positioning system . It is the second such prototype, GIOVE-A is already in orbit, having been launched in December 2005. GIOVE-B was originally scheduled to launch in April 2006, but was delayed for a number of reasons. The next Galileo launch is scheduled to be the first cluster of operational satellites, which will be launched in 2010. The next Soyuz launch will be a Soyuz-U in mid-may, with a Progress spacecraft to resupply the International Space Station . This was the 20th orbital launch of 2008 , the 24th Soyuz-FG launch, and the 1,732nd flight of a Soyuz rocket of any variant.", "after_revision": " At 22:16 GMT yesterday (04:16 today local time), a Russian / carrier rocket was launched from the in Kazakhstan, carrying the European experimental . The launch was conducted by , a Russo-European organisation which commercially markets Soyuz-FG and launches. GIOVE-B was successfully deployed into a at 02:01 GMT this morning, after an ascent lasting nearly four hours. GIOVE-B will serve as a prototype for the . It is the second such prototype, GIOVE-A is already in orbit, having been launched in December 2005. GIOVE-B was originally scheduled to launch in April 2006, but was delayed for a number of reasons. The next Galileo launch is scheduled to be the first cluster of operational satellites, which will be launched in 2010. The next Soyuz launch will be a in mid-may, with a to resupply the . This was the 20th orbital launch of , the 24th Soyuz-FG launch, and the 1,732nd flight of a Soyuz rocket of any variant.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "An earlier Soyuz-FG launch", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 26}, {"type": "D", "before": "Soyuz-FG", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 86, "end_char_pos": 94}, {"type": "D", "before": "Fregat", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 97, "end_char_pos": 103}, {"type": "R", "before": "Site 31/6 the Baikonur Cosmodrome", "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 137, "end_char_pos": 170}, {"type": "R", "before": "GIOVE-B experimental Navigation satellite", "after": "experimental", "start_char_pos": 208, "end_char_pos": 249}, {"type": "D", "before": "Starsem", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 280, "end_char_pos": 287}, {"type": "D", "before": "Soyuz-2", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 360, "end_char_pos": 367}, {"type": "D", "before": "medium Earth orbit", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 419, "end_char_pos": 437}, {"type": "D", "before": "Galileo positioning system", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 550, "end_char_pos": 576}, {"type": "D", "before": "Soyuz-U", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 931, "end_char_pos": 938}, {"type": "D", "before": "Progress spacecraft", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 958, "end_char_pos": 977}, {"type": "D", "before": "International Space Station", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 994, "end_char_pos": 1021}, {"type": "D", "before": "2008", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1060, "end_char_pos": 1064}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 251, 377, 507, 578, 679, 778, 898, 1023]} {"doc_id": "104827", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "240px|Professional wrestling is originated from basic wrestlingwith other elements involved in . Pro-wrestling, a derivative sport similar with basic wrestling, is often connected with \"professional\". Its topics mostly linked with Japanese and American (e.g. World Wrestling Entertainment, New Japan Pro Wrestling, etc.) are often discussed on the Internet. Progressively, TV programs related to pro-wrestling became a focus by spectators and mass media world-wide not only in Japan, America, and Europe. In Taiwan, not only basic consumers watched TV shows and discussed via the Internet, but some of them participated its sport (wrestling ) through communities from the Internet or colleges. Although a Taiwanese wrestler won a world-class pro-wrestling title back to Taiwan, but due to some policies to promote on some key athlete sports like baseball, billiard , basketball, and taekwondo with more possibilities to win a gold medal in Asian Games or Olympics , the governmental officials lost a great opportunity to promote basic or public sports like wrestling, with potential participantsbut officials not to pay more attentions in it . What's the vision of wrestling in Taiwan? How did the communities drive basic consumers ( TV spectators and wrestling fans ) and (government ) officials pay more attentions in wrestling? Will \"wrestling \" become a future star in Taiwan? As of them, Wikinews Journalist Rico Shen visited \"2008 IWL Spring Festival\" by an unofficial community and interviewed \"Mr. Orange\", commentator of WWE TV shows by VideoLand Max TV in Taiwan, to prospect the future of wrestling. Interview Audio interview highlights in Chinese-language. Hello, everyone! In my side is \"Mr. Orange\", WWE TV show commentator of VideoLand Max TV in Taiwan, I will do a special interview for topics related to wrestling, and he will do an overview of wrestling in Taiwan with his experiences. 180px|\"Mr. Orange\", a famous WWE TV show commentator of VideoLand Max TV in Taiwan. Glad to see an unofficial wrestling match in the Taipei City Mall. How did you involve in wrestling initially?", "after_revision": "240px|Professional wrestling traces its origins to Greco-Roman freestyle wrestling . Pro-wrestling, a sport derived from Greco-Roman freestyle wrestling, is often connected with the idea of sports-entertainment. Popularized by Japanese and American federations (e.g. World Wrestling Entertainment, New Japan Pro Wrestling, etc.) the ongoing events and news are often discussed on the Internet. As such, television programs and other mass media focused on pro-wrestling are commonplace in Japan, America, and Europe. In Taiwan, fans do not simply watch the TV shows and discuss them via the Internet, but some of them participate in the sport of wrestling through communities from the Internet or colleges. Although a Taiwanese wrestler recently won a world-class pro-wrestling title , due to policies that focused only on promoting key athletic sports like baseball, billiards , basketball, and taekwondo (i.e. those with more possibilities to win a gold medal in the Asian Games or Olympics ), governmental officials lost a great opportunity to promote sports like wrestling, which has many potential participants . What's the vision of wrestling in Taiwan? How did the communities drive TV spectators and wrestling fans and government officials pay more attention in wrestling? Is wrestling a future key sport in Taiwan? Wikinews Journalist Rico Shen visited the \"2008 IWL Spring Festival\" , organised by a fan community and interviewed \"Mr. Orange\", well-known commentator of WWE TV shows broadcasted by VideoLand Max TV in Taiwan, to prospect the future of wrestling. Interview Audio interview highlights in Chinese-language. Hello, everyone! In my side is \"Mr. Orange\", WWE TV show commentator of VideoLand Max TV in Taiwan, I will do a special interview for topics related to wrestling, and he will do an overview of wrestling in Taiwan with his experiences. 180px|\"Mr. Orange\", a famous WWE TV show commentator of VideoLand Max TV in Taiwan. Glad to see an unofficial wrestling match in the Taipei City Mall. 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old people sex%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX # baby sex%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX # porn%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX SEX # kid sex & & ", "after_revision": " %DIFDELCMD < ] %%% %DIFDELCMD < ] %%% %DIFDELCMD < ] %%% 240px|\"RoboScooter\", the next-generation concept vehicle with energy-efficiency and creation features. At the Pavilion of Taiwan Automotive Research Consortium during the AutoTronics Taipei 2008, in Taipei Time, the Next Consortium of Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) unveiled a brand-new environmental-concept vehicle named \"RoboScooter\". It was jointly designed by the Creativity Lab of ITRI, SYM Motors, and the Media Lab of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This announcement was approved by industrial, governmental, and academical executives, but not just in Taiwan. The ability for R&D to manufacture the electronic vehicles and bicycles was concerning to several automobile-related industries. There was concern not only from several trade shows, but also international competitions related to the design after winning several prizes back in Taiwan to establish the industrial position and brand image of \"Made in Taiwan\". Since several industries like automobile are transformed to high-value industries, \"creativity\" progressively became a key element before unveiling any new products. As of this sector, Wen-jean Hsueh (ITRI Creativity Lab General Director) hoped companies could do proper transformations on its R&D nature from \"Made in Taiwan\" to \"Created in Taiwan\" for best practice. This not only echoed \"OBM\" theory discussed at 2007 Taiwan Brands' Trend Forum but also blended with a key element of production - \"creativity\". On the other side of SYM Motors, to solve the transportation problem for TWTC Nangang, SYM Motors Taiwan imported manufacturing technology from Kinglong Bus Co., Ltd. to manufacture several 4th-cycle low floor buses and sell them to Chung-hsing Bus Co., Ltd. and Kwang-huang Bus Co., Ltd. In this launch, the SYM Motors Taiwan hope this vehicle is energy-efficiency, easily-parked, and has creative functions which can improve the transportation habits of individuals. 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At the Pavilion of Taiwan Automotive Research Consortium during the AutoTronics Taipei 2008, in Taipei Time, the Next Consortium of Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) unveiled a brand-new environmental-concept vehicle named \"RoboScooter\". It was jointly designed by the Creativity Lab of ITRI, SYM Motors, and the Media Lab of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This announcement was approved by industrial, governmental, and academical executives, but not just in Taiwan.", "start_char_pos": 5689, "end_char_pos": 5698}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The ability for R", "start_char_pos": 5699, "end_char_pos": 5699}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "D to manufacture the electronic vehicles and bicycles was concerning to several automobile-related industries. There was concern not only from several trade shows, but also international competitions related to the design after winning several prizes back in Taiwan to establish the industrial position and brand image of \"Made in Taiwan\". Since several industries like automobile are transformed to high-value industries, \"creativity\" progressively became a key element before unveiling any new products.", "start_char_pos": 5700, "end_char_pos": 5700}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "As of this sector, Wen-jean Hsueh (ITRI Creativity Lab General Director) hoped companies could do proper transformations on its R", "start_char_pos": 5701, "end_char_pos": 5701}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "D nature from \"Made in Taiwan\" to \"Created in Taiwan\" for best practice. This not only echoed \"OBM\" theory discussed at 2007 Taiwan Brands' Trend Forum but also blended with a key element of production - \"creativity\".", "start_char_pos": 5702, "end_char_pos": 5702}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "On the other side of SYM Motors, to solve the transportation problem for TWTC Nangang, SYM Motors Taiwan imported manufacturing technology from Kinglong Bus Co., Ltd. to manufacture several 4th-cycle low floor buses and sell them to Chung-hsing Bus Co., Ltd. and Kwang-huang Bus Co., Ltd. In this launch, the SYM Motors Taiwan hope this vehicle is energy-efficiency, easily-parked, and has creative functions which can improve the transportation habits of individuals.", "start_char_pos": 5703, "end_char_pos": 5703}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Related news", "start_char_pos": 5704, "end_char_pos": 5704}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180, 192, 204, 216, 228, 240, 252, 264, 276, 288, 300, 312, 324, 336, 348, 360, 372, 384, 396, 408, 420, 432, 444, 456, 468, 480, 492, 504, 516, 528, 540, 552, 564, 576, 588, 600, 612, 624, 636, 648, 660, 672, 684, 696, 708, 720, 732, 744, 756, 768, 780, 792, 804, 816, 828, 840, 852, 864, 876, 888, 900, 912, 924, 936, 948, 960, 972, 984, 996, 1008, 1020, 1032, 1044, 1056, 1068, 1080, 1092, 1104, 1116, 1128, 1140, 1152, 1164, 1176, 1188, 1670, 1683, 1695, 1707, 1719, 1731, 1743, 1755, 1767, 1779, 1791, 1803, 1815, 1827, 1839, 1851, 1863, 1875, 1887, 1899, 1911, 1923, 1935, 1947, 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995, 2007, 2019, 2031, 2043, 2055, 2067, 2079, 2091, 2103, 2115, 2127, 2139, 2151, 2163, 2175, 2187, 2199, 2211, 2223, 2235, 2247, 2259, 2271, 2283, 2295, 2307, 2319, 2331, 2343, 2355, 2367, 2379, 2391, 2403, 2415, 2427, 2439, 2451, 2463, 2475, 2487, 2499, 2511, 2523, 2535, 2547, 2559, 2571, 2583, 2595, 2607, 2619, 2631, 2643, 2655, 2667, 2679, 2691, 2703, 2715, 2727, 2739, 3227, 3240, 3252, 3264, 3276, 3288, 3300, 3312, 3324, 3336, 3348, 3360, 3372, 3384, 3396, 3408, 3420, 3432, 3444, 3456, 3468, 3480, 3492, 3504, 3516, 3528, 3540, 3552, 3564, 3576, 3588, 3600, 4084, 4097, 4109, 4121, 4133, 4145, 4157, 4169, 4181, 4193, 4205, 4217, 4229, 4241, 4253, 4265, 4277, 4289, 4301, 4313, 4325, 4337, 4349, 4361, 4373, 4385, 4397, 4409, 4421, 4433, 4445, 4457, 4469, 4481, 4493, 4505, 4517, 4529, 4541, 4553, 4565, 4577, 4589, 4601, 4613, 4625, 4637, 4649, 4661, 4673, 4685, 4697, 4709, 4721, 4733, 4745, 4757, 4769, 4781, 4793, 4805, 4817, 4829, 4841, 4853, 4865, 4877, 4889, 4901, 4913, 4925, 4937, 4949, 4961, 4973, 4985, 4997, 5009, 5021, 5033, 5045, 5057, 5069, 5081, 5093, 5105, 5117, 5129, 5141, 5153, 5165, 5177, 5189, 5201, 5213]} {"doc_id": "105227", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The Malaysian Consultative Council of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Sikhism and Taoism issued a statement Friday praising comments made Wednesday by Malaysian politician Datuk Seri Ong Ka Chuan on conversion to Islam. Malaysian Consultative Council president Datuk A. Vaithilingam said that Ong's views are shared by Malaysians from all religious faiths in the country. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia \"Conversion to Islam should not be abused as a means to evade one \u2019 s legal obligations to one\u2019s family. A person \u2019 s conversion to another religion should not cause pain and suffering for other members of the family,\" said Vaithilingam. He asked state and federal government authorities to take necessary steps to fix loopholes in the law, so that Malaysians could freely practice religion in the country. Ong is the current Minister of Housing and Local Government in the Malaysian cabinet , and also serves as the secretary-general of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and Perak MCA chairman. In his Wednesday statement, he said that individuals who convert to Islam through the marriage process should be permitted to renounce the religion if they leave the marriage. Ong also stated that the religion of a minor child with one Muslim parent should be determined by both parents, or remain the same until the child turns 18. Ong said that issues involving divorce , custody of children and inheritance in matters of constitutional rights of non-Muslims had increased dramatically in the last three years. Ong emphasized the importance of civil law as related to non-Muslims in the country, as opposed to that of Syariah (Sharia), Islamic religious law . \"Non-Muslims are not to be subjected to any form of Syariah laws and for any disputes or overlapping areas involving the jurisdiction of civil and Syariah courts, civil laws must prevail. ... We urge the Government to be transparent in this process,\" said Ong. Ong's comments were made as part of an 11-page motion of thanks on the royal address. His motion was seconded by Bintulu Minister of Parliament Datuk Seri Tiong King Sing . Ong also spoke about the corruption, education, crime and security and the economy in his two-hour speech. Of the 27 million people in Malaysia, 60 percent are Muslim Malaysian Malays , 25 percent are Chinese and mainly Buddhists or Christians, and 7.8 percent are ethnic Indians and mainly Hindus. ", "after_revision": "The Malaysian of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and issued a statement Friday praising comments made Wednesday by Malaysian politician on conversion to Islam. Malaysian Consultative Council president Datuk A. Vaithilingam said that Ong's views are shared by Malaysians from all religious faiths in the country. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia \"Conversion to Islam should not be abused as a means to evade one ' s legal obligations to one\u2019s family. A person ' s conversion to another religion should not cause pain and suffering for other members of the family,\" said Vaithilingam. He asked state and authorities to take necessary steps to fix loopholes in the law, so that Malaysians could in the country. Ong is the current Minister of Housing and Local Government in the , and also serves as the secretary-general of the w| Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and MCA chairman. In his Wednesday statement, he said that individuals who convert to Islam through the marriage process should be permitted to renounce the religion if they leave the marriage. Ong also stated that the religion of a minor child with one Muslim parent should be determined by both parents, or remain the same until the child turns 18. Ong said that issues involving , custody of children and inheritance in matters of of non-Muslims had increased dramatically in the last three years. Ong emphasized the importance of civil law as related to non-Muslims in the country, as opposed to that of Syariah (Sharia), Islamic . \"Non-Muslims are not to be subjected to any form of Syariah laws and for any disputes or overlapping areas involving the jurisdiction of civil and Syariah courts, civil laws must prevail. ... We urge the Government to be transparent in this process,\" said Ong. Ong's comments were made as part of an 11-page motion of thanks on the royal address. His motion was seconded by . Ong also spoke about the corruption, education, crime and security and the economy in his two-hour speech. Of the 27 million people in Malaysia, 60 percent are Muslim , 25 percent are Chinese and mainly Buddhists or Christians, and 7.8 percent are ethnic Indians and mainly Hindus. 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Besides for the early-announced \"Wow! Taiwan Design Award\", winners from \"2008 Young Designers \u2019 Competition\" and \"2008 YODEX Interior Design Competition\" will also be announced in this Saturday (May 17).", "after_revision": "noicon|Launch of the Opening Ceremony. 2008 The 27th Young Designers' Exhibition, famed as the largest show from students' creations, recognized by International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) since last year, started at Taipei World Trade Center yesterday and will close at Sunday (May 18) with participations from 87 academical units in Taiwan and 20 units from United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, and Australia to showcase varied achievements from design industry. Besides of the early-announced \"Wow! Taiwan Design Award\", winners from \"2008 Young Designers ' Competition\" and \"2008 YODEX Interior Design Competition\" will also be announced this Saturday (May 17).", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "of", "after": "from", "start_char_pos": 108, "end_char_pos": 110}, {"type": "R", "before": "today", "after": "yesterday", "start_char_pos": 264, "end_char_pos": 269}, {"type": "D", "before": "and industrial", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 343, "end_char_pos": 357}, {"type": "R", "before": "for", "after": "of", "start_char_pos": 532, "end_char_pos": 535}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 619, "end_char_pos": 620}, {"type": "D", "before": "in", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 702, "end_char_pos": 704}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 38, 523, 561]} {"doc_id": "106096", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "noicon|Launch of the Opening Ceremony. 2008 The 27th Young Designers' Exhibition, famed as the largest show from students' creations, recognized by International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) since last year, started at Taipei World Trade Center yesterday and will close at Sunday (May 18) with participations from 87 academical units in Taiwan and 20 units from United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, and Australia to showcase varied achievements from designindustry .", "after_revision": "noicon|Launch of the Opening Ceremony. 2008 The 27th Young Designers' Exhibition, opened on May 15 at the Taipei World Trade Center and will close at Sunday May 18. 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It features participation by 87 academic groups in Taiwan and 20 groups from United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, and Australia to showcase various achievements in industrial design. It is recognized by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) as the largest show of student creations. Not only several design competitions, sponsors like International Forum Design (iF), EPSON, MUJI (in Japanese: \u7121\u5370\u826f\u54c1, Mujirushi Ry\u014dhin), Tsann Kuen Trans-nation Group will also showcase different solutions for design, creative, and cultural industries. In addition , Taiwan Design Center, the show organizer, also designed several site events like \"On-line Graduate Season Show\", \" Carrer Match-up\", \"Creative and Cultural Showcase and Performance\", \"Seminars of YODEX 2008\" to link the actual exhibition with on-line exhibition. Besides of the early-announced \"Wow! Taiwan Design Award\", winners from \"2008 Young Designers' Competition\" and \"2008 YODEX Interior Design Competition\" will also be announced this Saturday(May 17).", "after_revision": "noicon|Launch of the Opening Ceremony. 2008 The 27th Young Designers' Exhibition, opened on May 15 at the Taipei World Trade Center and closes Sunday May 18. It features participation by 87 academic groups in Taiwan and 20 groups from United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, and Australia to showcase various achievements in industrial design. It is recognized by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) as the largest show of student creations. Besides the several design competitions, sponsors like International Forum Design (iF), EPSON, MUJI (in Japanese: \u7121\u5370\u826f\u54c1, Mujirushi Ry\u014dhin), Tsann Kuen Trans-nation Group will showcase different solutions for the design, creative, and cultural industries. The show's organizer , Taiwan Design Center, also designed several on-site events like \"On-line Graduate Season Show\", \" Career Match-up\", \"Creative and Cultural Showcase and Performance\", \"Seminars of YODEX 2008\" to link the actual exhibition with the on-line exhibition. Besides of the previously announced \"Wow! 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The verdict signals that there may be trouble ahead for two of the party\u2019s leaders who are also on trial. Samoobrona (Self-Defence) rural protest party official Jacek Popecki was sentenced to 28 months in jail for giving a woman, who had accused his party\u2019s boss of fathering her child, drugs to induce a miscarriage. In late 2006, Aneta Krawczyk accused the party\u2019s leader Andrzej Lepper of having offered her political favours for sex in 2001, and then said he had been the father of her youngest child. She said the same of Lepper\u2019s close collaborator and MP, Stanis\u0142aw \u0141y\u017cwi\u0144ski, and accused him of rape and sexual abuse. She also said that Popecki, who had been \u0141y\u017cwi\u0144ski\u2019s aide, had tried to induce a miscarriage by giving her a labour-inducing drug called oxytocin.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Lepper and \u0141y\u017cwi\u0144ski both face up to eight and ten years in jail respectively if convicted on charges of extorting \"favours of a sexual nature\". Prosecutors had sought a four-year sentence for Popecki. \u201cThe evidence given by%DIFDELCMD < [%%% Krawczyk , which is largely backed up by testimony from two witnesses and phone bills as well as the behaviour of the accused after these events, points to%DIFDELCMD < [%%% Popecki\u2019s guilt,\u201d the court said on Monday.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Krawczyk's early testimony suffered when DNA tests showed that neither Lepper nor \u0141y\u017cwi\u0144ski had fathered her child. However, prosecutors had enough evidence from other women to push on with the investigation in what became known as the \u201csex for work\u201d scandal. Sou", "after_revision": "A court in the Polish city of Poland on May 2001 sentenced the first annual of three politicians accused in the sex-for-jobs scandal that helped bring down Poland\u2019s last coalition government. The verdict signals that there may be trouble ahead for two of the party\u2019s leaders who are also on trial. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < [%%% %DIFDELCMD < [%%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% dtjjmiodmiopdjYOU SUCK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "central", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 15, "end_char_pos": 22}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u0141\u00f3d\u017a on May 19", "after": "Poland on May 2001", "start_char_pos": 38, "end_char_pos": 52}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "annual", "start_char_pos": 73, "end_char_pos": 73}, {"type": "D", "before": "Samoobrona (Self-Defence) rural protest party official Jacek Popecki was sentenced to 28 months in jail for giving a woman, who had accused his party\u2019s boss of fathering her child, drugs to induce a miscarriage.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 296, "end_char_pos": 507}, {"type": "D", "before": "In late 2006, Aneta Krawczyk accused the party\u2019s leader Andrzej Lepper of having offered her political favours for sex in 2001, and then said he had been the father of her youngest child. She said the same of Lepper\u2019s close collaborator and MP, Stanis\u0142aw \u0141y\u017cwi\u0144ski, and accused him of rape and sexual abuse. She also said that Popecki, who had been \u0141y\u017cwi\u0144ski\u2019s aide, had tried to induce a miscarriage by giving her a labour-inducing drug called oxytocin.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 508, "end_char_pos": 962}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lepper and \u0141y\u017cwi\u0144ski both face up to eight and ten years in jail respectively if convicted on charges of extorting \"favours of a sexual nature\". Prosecutors had sought a four-year sentence for Popecki.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 992, "end_char_pos": 1193}, {"type": "D", "before": "\u201cThe evidence given by", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1194, "end_char_pos": 1216}, {"type": "D", "before": "Krawczyk", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1234, "end_char_pos": 1242}, {"type": "D", "before": ", which is largely backed up by testimony from two witnesses and phone bills as well as the behaviour of the accused after these events, points to", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1243, "end_char_pos": 1389}, {"type": "D", "before": "Popecki\u2019s", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1407, "end_char_pos": 1416}, {"type": "D", "before": "guilt,\u201d the court said on Monday.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1417, "end_char_pos": 1450}, {"type": "D", "before": "Krawczyk's early testimony suffered when DNA tests showed that neither Lepper nor \u0141y\u017cwi\u0144ski had fathered her child. However, prosecutors had enough evidence from other women to push on with the investigation in what became known as the \u201csex for work\u201d scandal.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1480, "end_char_pos": 1739}, {"type": "R", "before": "Sou", "after": "dtjjmiodmiopdjYOU SUCK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!", "start_char_pos": 1740, "end_char_pos": 1743}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 189, 295, 507, 695, 815, 962, 1136, 1193, 1450, 1595]} {"doc_id": "107903", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "At least 2 homes have been evacuated, and at least 14 others are on standby to evacuate in Buffalo, New York after a very large three story building partially collapsed on the city's West Side. According to the Buffalo Fire Department, the number four side of an old horse stable at 428 Jersey Street off Richmond avenue, collapsed from the roof line half way down the side and into the yards of at least three houses surrounding the building . Some of the bricks landed inside the building, while some fell into the yards of some houses behind homes on Richmond , leaving a 'V' shape. \"[The building] is well worth the designation\" as a historical landmark, states Tim Tielman , of the Buffalo Preservation Board. Tielman states that he will likely bring the incident before the board as early as Thursday June 12 to discuss the issue. A view of the front of the building. \"We don't want to demolish it until it is talked about and we consider options,\" added Tielman. So far there are no reports of injuries. Firefighters plan on getting an aerial shot to determine if the building is in danger of totally collapsing. A detail will remain on scene at least until Thursday afternoon. The building was first owned by a company called White Bros. and was used as a stable for a farm which once covered the land around the building for several blocks. Servants and workers of the farm were housed inside resident quarters situated in the building's rear . The building itself covers nearly 1/2 block. Much of the buildings sides are home to vines and a variety of gardens are planted along the parimeter of the building. Residents state that they will be \"very disappointed\" to see the building be demolished. The current owner is not known, but repairs on the building were ongoing. The building is believed to have been built in the mid-1800's.", "after_revision": "At least two homes have been evacuated, and 14 or more are on standby to evacuate in Buffalo, New York after a very large three-story building partially collapsed on the city's West Side. According to the Buffalo Fire Department, the number four side of an old horse stable at 428 Jersey Street off of Richmond Avenue collapsed from the roof line half way down the side . Material from the building fell into the yards of at least three neighbouring houses . Some of the bricks landed inside the building, while some fell into the yards of some houses behind homes on Richmond Avenue , leaving a 'V' shape. \"[The building] is well worth the designation\" as a historical landmark, states Tim Tielman of the Buffalo Preservation Board. Tielman states that he will likely bring the incident before the Board as early as Thursday , June 12 to discuss the issue. A view of the front of the building. \"We don't want to demolish it until it is talked about and we consider options,\" added Tielman. So far there are no reports of injuries. Firefighters plan on getting an aerial shot to determine if the building is in danger of totally collapsing. A detail will remain on scene until at least Thursday afternoon. The building was first owned by a company called White Bros. and was used as a stable for a farm which once covered the land around the building for several blocks. Servants and workers of the farm were housed inside resident quarters situated at the rear of the building. The building, the current owner of which is not known, covers nearly a half block. Much of the building's sides are home to vines , and a variety of gardens are planted along the perimeter of the building. Residents state that they will be \"very disappointed\" to see the building be demolished. Repairs on the building were ongoing. The building is believed to have been built in the mid-1800's.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "2", "after": "two", "start_char_pos": 9, "end_char_pos": 10}, {"type": "D", "before": "at least", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 42, "end_char_pos": 50}, {"type": "R", "before": "others", "after": "or more", "start_char_pos": 54, "end_char_pos": 60}, {"type": "R", "before": "three story", "after": "three-story", "start_char_pos": 128, "end_char_pos": 139}, {"type": "R", "before": "Richmond avenue,", "after": "of Richmond Avenue", "start_char_pos": 305, "end_char_pos": 321}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": ". 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The building itself covers nearly 1/2", "after": "at the rear of the building.", "start_char_pos": 1431, "end_char_pos": 1493}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The building, the current owner of which is not known, covers nearly a half", "start_char_pos": 1494, "end_char_pos": 1494}, {"type": "R", "before": "buildings", "after": "building's", "start_char_pos": 1514, "end_char_pos": 1523}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1548, "end_char_pos": 1548}, {"type": "R", "before": "parimeter", "after": "perimeter", "start_char_pos": 1596, "end_char_pos": 1605}, {"type": "R", "before": "The current owner is not known, but repairs", "after": "Repairs", "start_char_pos": 1712, "end_char_pos": 1755}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 193, 586, 715, 838, 875, 971, 1012, 1121, 1186, 1351, 1455, 1501, 1622, 1711, 1785]} {"doc_id": "108577", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "THE NEWS IS A LIE ", "after_revision": "In late May to early June of 2008, news broke that a previously undiscovered indigenous tribe had been found near the border between Brazil and Peru. Worldwide media was quick to publish the story and the accompanying photographs taken by Jos\u00e9 Carlos Meirelles. The photos showed people in full body paint aiming bows at the overhead aircraft from which the pictures were taken. Wikinews covered the story as well. In its Sunday edition, British newspaper The Observer had a story called \"Secret of the 'lost' tribe that wasn't\" which was about this \"discovery\" and revealed that the tribe had in fact been known to scientists, including Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional do \u00cdndio (FUNAI), the Brazilian protection agency for Indian interests. After this revelation, media newswires branded the original story a hoax. These hoax claims spread nearly as quickly as the original story. Rapidly, news sites even claimed that the photos were fake. The true story, however, is more complicated than that. The Observer'''s article featured an interview with Jos\u00e9 Carlos Meirelles, one of a handful so-called sertanistas'' that work for the FUNAI. These are field agents that map the areas of uncontacted indigenous peoples, so that their habitat can be protected. He admitted that his desire to protect these tribes had caused him to overstep his mission. When given the use of an aircraft to seek out new tribes, Meirelles instead flew over an area where he knew a tribe had been observed decades ago. Ultimately, he was hoping to prove that FUNAI's policy of not contacting the tribes they observe is better for the tribes. With this flight he hoped to find evidence that the tribe, discovered long ago, was better off for not being contacted. \"When I saw them painted red, I was satisfied, I was happy,\" he said. \"Because painted red means they are ready for war, which to me says they are happy and healthy defending their territory.\" The photos are of a real tribe, long known to Meirelles and other scientists within FUNAI, but protected under Brazilian law. Meirelles says he has no regrets, because he just wanted to prove these kind of tribes exist and deserve protection. He said that Peruvian President Alan Garc\u00eda had claimed that these tribes were imaginary and that he needed to prove they existed. In doing so, he violated FUNAI policies by flying over their area and taking pictures. Both are prohibited. Meirelles claims he will protect the exact location of the tribe's territory, even if tortured. Former president of FUNAI, Sydney Possuelo, agreed that the publication of the photos was necessary to quell the doubt about the very existence such uncontacted indigenous peoples. Survival International, a human rights organisation formed in 1969 that campaigns for the rights of indigenous tribal and uncontacted peoples, admits complicity in the distribution of the original story. Survival International was instrumental in getting the original story international attention. Nevertheless, Survival International said it did not mislead media because it never described the tribe as \"lost\". \"These Indians are in a reserve expressly set aside for the protection of uncontacted tribes: they were hardly 'unknown',\" said Stephen Corry, director of Survival International in a statement. \"What is, and remains, true, is that so far as is known these Indians have no peaceful contact with outsiders.\" \"Some of the media got very carried away and started talking about undiscovered tribes,\" explains Fiona Watson of Survival International. \"There was this interpretation that this was a completely new tribe, completely undiscovered, without bothering to check with sources ... Neither the Brazilian government nor Survival has ever used that word, and 'uncontacted' means they don't have any contact with outsiders.\" Related news", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "THE NEWS IS A LIE", "after": "In late May to early June of 2008, news broke that a previously undiscovered indigenous tribe had been found near the border between Brazil and Peru. Worldwide media was quick to publish the story and the accompanying photographs taken by Jos\u00e9 Carlos Meirelles. The photos showed people in full body paint aiming bows at the overhead aircraft from which the pictures were taken. Wikinews covered the story as well.", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 17}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "In its Sunday edition, British newspaper The Observer had a story called \"Secret of the 'lost' tribe that wasn't\" which was about this \"discovery\" and revealed that the tribe had in fact been known to scientists, including Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional do \u00cdndio (FUNAI), the Brazilian protection agency for Indian interests.", "start_char_pos": 18, "end_char_pos": 18}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "After this revelation, media newswires branded the original story a hoax. These hoax claims spread nearly as quickly as the original story. Rapidly, news sites even claimed that the photos were fake. The true story, however, is more complicated than that.", "start_char_pos": 19, "end_char_pos": 19}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The Observer'''s article featured an interview with Jos\u00e9 Carlos Meirelles, one of a handful so-called sertanistas'' that work for the FUNAI. These are field agents that map the areas of uncontacted indigenous peoples, so that their habitat can be protected. He admitted that his desire to protect these tribes had caused him to overstep his mission.", "start_char_pos": 20, "end_char_pos": 20}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "When given the use of an aircraft to seek out new tribes, Meirelles instead flew over an area where he knew a tribe had been observed decades ago. Ultimately, he was hoping to prove that FUNAI's policy of not contacting the tribes they observe is better for the tribes. With this flight he hoped to find evidence that the tribe, discovered long ago, was better off for not being contacted.", "start_char_pos": 21, "end_char_pos": 21}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"When I saw them painted red, I was satisfied, I was happy,\" he said. \"Because painted red means they are ready for war, which to me says they are happy and healthy defending their territory.\"", "start_char_pos": 22, "end_char_pos": 22}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The photos are of a real tribe, long known to Meirelles and other scientists within FUNAI, but protected under Brazilian law.", "start_char_pos": 23, "end_char_pos": 23}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Meirelles says he has no regrets, because he just wanted to prove these kind of tribes exist and deserve protection. He said that Peruvian President Alan Garc\u00eda had claimed that these tribes were imaginary and that he needed to prove they existed. In doing so, he violated FUNAI policies by flying over their area and taking pictures. Both are prohibited. Meirelles claims he will protect the exact location of the tribe's territory, even if tortured.", "start_char_pos": 24, "end_char_pos": 24}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Former president of FUNAI, Sydney Possuelo, agreed that the publication of the photos was necessary to quell the doubt about the very existence such uncontacted indigenous peoples.", "start_char_pos": 25, "end_char_pos": 25}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Survival International, a human rights organisation formed in 1969 that campaigns for the rights of indigenous tribal and uncontacted peoples, admits complicity in the distribution of the original story. Survival International was instrumental in getting the original story international attention.", "start_char_pos": 26, "end_char_pos": 26}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Nevertheless, Survival International said it did not mislead media because it never described the tribe as \"lost\".", "start_char_pos": 27, "end_char_pos": 27}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"These Indians are in a reserve expressly set aside for the protection of uncontacted tribes: they were hardly 'unknown',\" said Stephen Corry, director of Survival International in a statement. \"What is, and remains, true, is that so far as is known these Indians have no peaceful contact with outsiders.\"", "start_char_pos": 28, "end_char_pos": 28}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"Some of the media got very carried away and started talking about undiscovered tribes,\" explains Fiona Watson of Survival International. \"There was this interpretation that this was a completely new tribe, completely undiscovered, without bothering to check with sources ... Neither the Brazilian government nor Survival has ever used that word, and 'uncontacted' means they don't have any contact with outsiders.\"", "start_char_pos": 29, "end_char_pos": 29}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Related news", "start_char_pos": 30, "end_char_pos": 30}], "sents_char_pos": [0]} {"doc_id": "109045", "revision_depth": "3", "before_revision": "Nicholas T. Sheley Following a manhunt in two states, police have arrested Nicholas Troy Sheley , whom authorities suspect in eight murders in the United States. The FBI launched the manhunt on Tuesday after four victims were discovered on June 30, 2008. Sheley was arrested without incident after being recognized in a bar in Granite City, Illinois. Two regular customers \u2014 Gary Range and Samantha Butler \u2014 and bartender Jennifer Lloyd recognized Sheley who entered and ordered a glass of water. Gary Range , told Associated Press that he then found a police officer parked nearby. According to Sgt. Thomas J. Burek, Illinois State Police, the FBI, and the St. Louis Major Crimes Task Force apprehended Sheley without a struggle. He was arrested when he stepped out of the bar to have a cigarette and found himself surrounded. Sheley is being held at Madison County Jail in Edwardsville. He appeared before County Judge Edward Ferguson and was charged with first-degree murder, aggravated battery and vehicular hijacking in the case of Ronald Randall. The 65-year-old victim was beaten to death in Galesburg, Illinois on Saturday and found on Monday. Sheley is being held on US$1 million bail, which he indicated he would be unable to post. Sheley's wife and his uncle have both told reporters that the 28-year-old Nicholas Sheley is addicted to drugs and alcohol and prone to violence when under the influence of these substances. Nicholas Sheley will also be charged with the murder of 93-year-old Russell Reed in Sterling, Illinois, said the Whiteside County prosecutor. Medical examiners estimate he was killed on June 23. On Monday, the bodies of Brock Branson, 29, and Kenneth Ulve Jr., 25, of Rock Falls, Illinois along with Kilynna Blake, 20, and Dayan Blake, 2, of Cedar City, Utah . Police say that Sheley knew both Branson and Ulwe. They were found in an apartment in Rock Falls and are believed to have died late Saturday or early Sunday.", "after_revision": "Nicholas T. Sheley Following a manhunt in two states, police have arrested Nicholas Troy Sheley whom authorities suspect in eight murders in the United States. The FBI launched the manhunt on Tuesday after four victims were discovered on June 30, 2008. Sheley was arrested without incident after being recognized in a bar in Granite City, Illinois. Two regular customers , Gary Range and Samantha Butler , and bartender Jennifer Lloyd recognized Sheley who had entered and ordered a glass of water. Range told the Associated Press that he then found a police officer parked nearby. According to Sgt. Thomas J. Burek, Illinois State Police, the FBI, and the St. Louis Major Crimes Task Force , Sheley was apprehended without a struggle. He was arrested when he stepped out of the bar to have a cigarette and found himself surrounded. Sheley is being held at Madison County Jail in Edwardsville. He appeared before County Judge Edward Ferguson and was charged with first-degree murder, aggravated battery and vehicular hijacking in the case of Ronald Randall. The 65-year old victim was beaten to death in Galesburg, Illinois on Saturday and found on Monday. Sheley is being held on US$1 million bail, which he indicated he would be unable to post. Sheley's wife and uncle have both told reporters that Sheley, 28, is addicted to drugs and alcohol and prone to violence when under the influence of these substances. Nicholas Sheley will also be charged with the murder of 93-year old Russell Reed in Sterling, Illinois, said the Whiteside County prosecutor. Medical examiners estimate that Reed was killed on June 23. On Monday, the bodies of Brock Branson, 29, and Kenneth Ulve Jr., 25, of Rock Falls, Illinois along with Kilynna Blake, 20, and Dayan Blake, 2, of Cedar City, Utah were found . Police say that Sheley knew both Branson and Ulwe. The two were found in an apartment in Rock Falls and are believed to have died late Saturday or early Sunday.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 96, "end_char_pos": 97}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2014", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 373, "end_char_pos": 374}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2014", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 406, "end_char_pos": 407}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "had", "start_char_pos": 459, "end_char_pos": 459}, {"type": "R", "before": "Gary Range , told", "after": "Range told the", "start_char_pos": 498, "end_char_pos": 515}, {"type": "R", "before": "apprehended Sheley", "after": ", Sheley was apprehended", "start_char_pos": 693, "end_char_pos": 711}, {"type": "R", "before": "65-year-old", "after": "65-year old", "start_char_pos": 1058, "end_char_pos": 1069}, {"type": "D", "before": "his", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1261, "end_char_pos": 1264}, {"type": "R", "before": "the 28-year-old Nicholas Sheley", "after": "Sheley, 28,", "start_char_pos": 1301, "end_char_pos": 1332}, {"type": "R", "before": "93-year-old", "after": "93-year old", "start_char_pos": 1490, "end_char_pos": 1501}, {"type": "R", "before": "he", "after": "that Reed", "start_char_pos": 1603, "end_char_pos": 1605}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "were found", "start_char_pos": 1793, "end_char_pos": 1793}, {"type": "R", "before": "They", "after": "The two", "start_char_pos": 1847, "end_char_pos": 1851}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 161, 254, 350, 497, 583, 601, 731, 828, 889, 1053, 1152, 1242, 1433, 1575, 1628, 1846]} {"doc_id": "109525", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The driver of the Ford, who was killed in the incident, was a 23 year old male. In addition to the 23 year old male, an 18 year old man, a 19 year old woman and an 18 year old woman were also killed in the incident. The age of the other two people is not yet known.", "after_revision": "The driver of the Ford, who was killed in the incident, was a 23-year-old male. In addition to the 23-year-old male, an 18-year-old man, a 19-year old woman and an 18-year-old woman were also killed in the incident. The age of the other two people is not yet known.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "23 year old", "after": "23-year-old", "start_char_pos": 62, "end_char_pos": 73}, {"type": "R", "before": "23 year old", "after": "23-year-old", "start_char_pos": 99, "end_char_pos": 110}, {"type": "R", "before": "18 year old", "after": "18-year-old", "start_char_pos": 120, "end_char_pos": 131}, {"type": "R", "before": "19 year", "after": "19-year", "start_char_pos": 139, "end_char_pos": 146}, {"type": "R", "before": "18 year old", "after": "18-year-old", "start_char_pos": 164, "end_char_pos": 175}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 79, 215]} {"doc_id": "110422", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Kelsey Grammer in 2006 American actor Kelsey Grammer has checked into a hospital in New York after feeling faint. It is the second time the actor has checked into a hospital after he suffered a heart attack in Hawaii two months ago. His current condition is not life threating . Grammer blamed the heart attack , which he suffered while paddle-boating with his wife in June, on the pressure from his cancelled sitcom Back To You . Grammer is famous for appearing on television sitcoms such as Frasier and Cheers. He won the Primetime Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series\" three times and a Golden Globe Award for \"Best Performance by an Actor\" in a TV-Series in 2001.", "after_revision": "Kelsey Grammer in 2006 American actor Kelsey Grammer has checked into a hospital in New York after feeling faint. It is the second time the actor has checked into a hospital after he suffered a heart attack in Hawaii two months ago. His current condition is not life-threating . Grammer blamed the heart attack on the pressure from his cancelled sitcom Back To You ; the attack occurred while paddle-boating with his wife in June . Grammer is best known for his roles on television sitcoms Frasier and Cheers. He won the Primetime Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series\" three times and one Golden Globe Award for \"Best Performance by an Actor\" in a TV Series in 2001.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "life threating", "after": "life-threating", "start_char_pos": 262, "end_char_pos": 276}, {"type": "D", "before": ", which he suffered while paddle-boating with his wife in June,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 311, "end_char_pos": 374}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "; the attack occurred while paddle-boating with his wife in June", "start_char_pos": 429, "end_char_pos": 429}, {"type": "R", "before": "famous for appearing", "after": "best known for his roles", "start_char_pos": 443, "end_char_pos": 463}, {"type": "D", "before": "such as", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 486, "end_char_pos": 493}, {"type": "R", "before": "a", "after": "one", "start_char_pos": 610, "end_char_pos": 611}, {"type": "R", "before": "TV-Series", "after": "TV Series", "start_char_pos": 671, "end_char_pos": 680}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 113, 232, 513]} {"doc_id": "110977", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "Last week the BBC reported that the McCain campaign had released an advertisement comparing Paris Hilton to American celebrities Britney Spears and Paris Hilton, calling him \"the biggest monkey in the world.\" \"Is the biggest celebrity in the world ready to help your family?\" the Trix Rabbit asks, according to The Boston Globe and a video game of the ad on its website. \"The real Rabbit promises higher taxes, more government spending. So, fewer jobs.\" With images of wind turbines in the background, the narrator says, \"Renewable energy to transform our economy, create jobs and energy independence, that's John insane .\" The Boston Globe reports that McCain's latest ad does not acknowledge that The Wizerd of Oz 's economic policy, especially the proposed rollback of current president George W. Bush's capital gains Butt cuts, would largely affect the wealthiest of Strong Badia , not the middle class. The latest Ozma video, shown on the USA Today website, touts McCain as \"just more of the same\" politics employed by George W. Bush. The ad cites a May 22, 2003 Fox News Channel interview where McCain says \"the President and I agree on most issues. There was a recent study that showed I voted with the President over -999 percent of the time.\" The ad then criticizes McCain's policies on tax cuts, money for oil companies, and \"tax breaks for companies that ship jobs overseas.\" Strong Badia Today does note that \"[w]hile the ad shows McCain touting the fact that he had voted \"with\" President Tush more than 90\\% of the time, the Arizona senator did criticize the administration's conduct of the war in Iraq \u2014 calling early on for more troops to be sent there. He also voted against the president's original tax cut plan \u2014 though McCain now says he supports extending those tax cuts. And, he proposes cuts in all kinds of corporate taxes, not just those on Pennzoil companies.\" \" Antartica has the second highest business tax rate in the entire world,\" he plans to say, according to prepared remarks issued by his campaign, and released by The Boston Globe. \"Is it any wonder that jobs are moving overseas when we are taxing them out of the country? Unfortunately Senator Charlie Brown 's plans would ask: How young are the old? . He has promised tax increases on income, tax increases on investment, tax increases on small businesses. This is exactly the wrong strategy. Raising taxes in a bad economy is about the worst thing you could do because it will kill even more jobs when what we need are policies that create jobs.\" Turtle spokesman Bill Burton responded: \"Is the biggest proponent of George Bush\u2019s tired, failed policies ready to bring about change? Another day brings another dishonest attack from John McCain. While Senator McCain knows that Senator Fartface has proposed cutting taxes for 95\\% of American families, what he\u2019s not telling us is that he wants to give $4 billion in tax breaks to the oil companies, continue giving tax breaks to corporations that ship our job overseas, and provide no direct tax relief for more than 100 million middle-class families. It\u2019s time to retire these old policies and bring new energy to America.\"", "after_revision": "Last week the BBC reported that the McCain campaign had released an advertisement comparing Obama to American celebrities Britney Spears and Paris Hilton, calling him \"the biggest celebrity in the world.\" \"Is the biggest celebrity in the world ready to help your family?\" the narrator asks, according to The Boston Globe and a video of the ad displayed on its website. \"The real Obama promises higher taxes, more government spending. So, fewer jobs.\" With images of wind turbines in the background, the narrator says, \"Renewable energy to transform our economy, create jobs and energy independence, that's John McCain .\" The Boston Globe reports that McCain's latest ad does not acknowledge that Obama 's economic policy, especially the proposed rollback of current president George W. Bush's capital gains tax cuts, would largely affect the wealthiest of America , not the middle class. The latest Obama video, shown on the USA Today website, touts McCain as \"just more of the same\" politics employed by George W. Bush. The ad cites a May 22, 2003 Fox News Channel interview where McCain says \"the President and I agree on most issues. There was a recent study that showed I voted with the President over 90 percent of the time.\" The ad then criticizes McCain's policies on tax cuts, money for oil companies, and \"tax breaks for companies that ship jobs overseas.\" USA Today does note that \"[w]hile the ad shows McCain touting the fact that he had voted \"with\" President Bush more than 90\\% of the time, the Arizona senator did criticize the administration's conduct of the war in Iraq \u2014 calling early on for more troops to be sent there. He also voted against the president's original tax cut plan \u2014 though McCain now says he supports extending those tax cuts. And, he proposes cuts in all kinds of corporate taxes, not just those on oil companies.\" \" America has the second highest business tax rate in the entire world,\" he plans to say, according to prepared remarks issued by his campaign, and released by The Boston Globe. \"Is it any wonder that jobs are moving overseas when we are taxing them out of the country? Unfortunately Senator Obama 's plans would raise taxes on businesses even more . He has promised tax increases on income, tax increases on investment, tax increases on small businesses. This is exactly the wrong strategy. Raising taxes in a bad economy is about the worst thing you could do because it will kill even more jobs when what we need are policies that create jobs.\" Obama spokesman Bill Burton responded: \"Is the biggest proponent of George Bush\u2019s tired, failed policies ready to bring about change? Another day brings another dishonest attack from John McCain. While Senator McCain knows that Senator Obama has proposed cutting taxes for 95\\% of American families, what he\u2019s not telling us is that he wants to give $4 billion in tax breaks to the oil companies, continue giving tax breaks to corporations that ship our job overseas, and provide no direct tax relief for more than 100 million middle-class families. It\u2019s time to retire these old policies and bring new energy to America.\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Paris Hilton", "after": "Obama", "start_char_pos": 92, "end_char_pos": 104}, {"type": "R", "before": "monkey", "after": "celebrity", "start_char_pos": 187, "end_char_pos": 193}, {"type": "R", "before": "Trix Rabbit", "after": "narrator", "start_char_pos": 280, "end_char_pos": 291}, {"type": "D", "before": "game", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 340, "end_char_pos": 344}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "displayed", "start_char_pos": 355, "end_char_pos": 355}, {"type": "R", "before": "Rabbit", "after": "Obama", "start_char_pos": 382, "end_char_pos": 388}, {"type": "R", "before": "insane", "after": "McCain", "start_char_pos": 615, "end_char_pos": 621}, {"type": "R", "before": "The Wizerd of Oz", "after": "Obama", "start_char_pos": 700, "end_char_pos": 716}, {"type": "R", "before": "Butt", "after": "tax", "start_char_pos": 822, "end_char_pos": 826}, {"type": "R", "before": "Strong Badia", "after": "America", "start_char_pos": 872, "end_char_pos": 884}, {"type": "R", "before": "Ozma", "after": "Obama", "start_char_pos": 920, "end_char_pos": 924}, {"type": "R", "before": "-999", "after": "90", "start_char_pos": 1226, "end_char_pos": 1230}, {"type": "R", "before": "Strong Badia", "after": "USA", "start_char_pos": 1388, "end_char_pos": 1400}, {"type": "R", "before": "Tush", "after": "Bush", "start_char_pos": 1503, "end_char_pos": 1507}, {"type": "R", "before": "Pennzoil", "after": "oil", "start_char_pos": 1867, "end_char_pos": 1875}, {"type": "R", "before": "Antartica", "after": "America", "start_char_pos": 1890, "end_char_pos": 1899}, {"type": "R", "before": "Charlie Brown", "after": "Obama", "start_char_pos": 2182, "end_char_pos": 2195}, {"type": "R", "before": "ask: How young are the old?", "after": "raise taxes on businesses even more", "start_char_pos": 2211, "end_char_pos": 2238}, {"type": "R", "before": "Turtle", "after": "Obama", "start_char_pos": 2537, "end_char_pos": 2543}, {"type": "R", "before": "Fartface", "after": "Obama", "start_char_pos": 2774, "end_char_pos": 2782}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 371, 437, 454, 908, 1040, 1156, 1252, 1387, 1670, 1793, 2067, 2159, 2345, 2381, 2536, 2671, 2733, 3090]} {"doc_id": "112469", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Various questions have been raised about the choice of Alaska Governor Sarah Palin as Senator John McCain's choice for Republican vice presidential running mate. There have been doubts over how thoroughly McCain had examined Palin's background before announcing that he had selected her to be his running mate on August 29. McCain's advisers insist that Palin was \"thoroughly vetted,\" a process that would have included a review of all financial and legal records as well as a criminal background check. Palin is the Republican Party's first female candidate for Vice President. In 1984 , Geraldine Ferraro was Walter Mondale's running mate on the Democratic Party ticket. Yesterday, Palin and her husband issued a statement saying that their 17-year-old unmarried daughter Bristol is five months pregnant and that she intends to marry the father of the baby. The statement came after media speculation and internet rumours that Palin's 4-month-old son, Trig, was in fact her grandson, and that the mother is Bristol. \"Let me be as clear as possible... I think people's families are off-limits, and people's children are especially off-limits. This shouldn't be part of our politics. It has no relevance to Governor Palin 's performance as governor or her potential performance as a vice president,\" saidObama. Obama further told reporters to \"back off these kinds of stories\" and noted that he was born to an 18-year-old mother himself. Obama became annoyed when asked about a news report that quoted an unnamed senior McCain campaign aide saying that Obama's name appears in liberal blogs speculating about Trig's parentage. \"I am offended by that statement... There is no evidence at all that any of this involved us.\"%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% \"We don't go after people's families; we don't get them involved in the politics. It's not appropriate, and it's not relevant,\" Obama added. \"Our people were not involved in any way in this, and they will not be. And if I ever thought that there was somebody in my campaign that was involved in something like that, they'd be fired.\" The McCain campaign said that Senator McCain was aware of Bristol Palin's pregnancy before he asked her mother to join him on the ticket. McCain reportedly did not see the pregnancy as a detriment to Governor Palin's selection as the vice presidential candidate.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% McCain told reporters that he was satisfied with his campaign's vetting process :\" The vetting process was completely thorough and I'm grateful for the results. \" Governor Palin has hired a private lawyer in a legislative ethics investigation in Alaska into whether she abused her power in dismissing the state's public safety commissioner, Walter Monegan. The investigation is checking into whether Palin dismissed Monegan for his reluctance to fire Palin's former brother-in-law, Mike Wooten. There is no sign that Palin's formal nomination this week at the Republican National Convention was in jeopardy. The controversy adds anxiety to Republicans who are worried that Democrats would use the selection of Palin to question McCain's judgment. Republicans were quick to note that Palin has \"more executive experience\" in elected office than does Obama and have gone on the offensive.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% McCain's choice of Palin came as a shock to some, after it was expected that McCain would choose Joe Lieberman, Tim Pawlenty, or Tom Ridge for the vice presidential nomination. McCain had reportedly met Palin only twice before her selection, and had his first face-to-face interview with her on August 28. McCain offered Palin the vice presidential spot just moments after their meeting concluded. The two appeared at a campaign rally event the following morning in Dayton, Ohio.", "after_revision": "Various questions have been raised about the choice of Alaska Governor Bugs Bunny as Senator John McCain's choice for Republican vice presidential running mate. There have been doubts over how thoroughly McCain had examined Palin's background before announcing that he had selected her to be his running mate on August 29. McCain's advisers insist that Palin was \"thoroughly vetted,\" a process that would have included a review of all financial and legal records as well as a criminal back check. Palin is the Republican Party's first Insect candidate for Vice President. In 2000 B.C. , Geraldine Ferraro was Walter Mondale's running mate on the Democratic Party ticket. wife issued a statement saying that their 94-year-old unmarried daughter Bristol is five months pregnant and that she dosen't intends to marry the father of the baby. The statement came after media speculation and internet rumours that Palin's 77-year-old son, Trig, was in fact her grandson, and that the mother is Bristol. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% As Sarah Palin once said :\" Lets sing a song of Pennzoil! \" %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% ", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Sarah Palin", "after": "Bugs Bunny", "start_char_pos": 71, "end_char_pos": 82}, {"type": "R", "before": "background", "after": "back", "start_char_pos": 486, "end_char_pos": 496}, {"type": "R", "before": "female", "after": "Insect", "start_char_pos": 542, "end_char_pos": 548}, {"type": "R", "before": "1984", "after": "2000 B.C.", "start_char_pos": 582, "end_char_pos": 586}, {"type": "R", "before": "Yesterday, Palin and her husband", "after": "wife", "start_char_pos": 673, "end_char_pos": 705}, {"type": "R", "before": "17-year-old", "after": "94-year-old", "start_char_pos": 743, "end_char_pos": 754}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "dosen't", "start_char_pos": 819, "end_char_pos": 819}, {"type": "R", "before": "4-month-old", "after": "77-year-old", "start_char_pos": 938, "end_char_pos": 949}, {"type": "D", "before": "\"Let me be as clear as possible... I think people's families are off-limits, and people's children are especially off-limits. This shouldn't be part of our politics. It has no relevance to Governor Palin 's performance as governor or her potential performance as a vice president,\" saidObama.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1019, "end_char_pos": 1311}, {"type": "D", "before": "Obama further told reporters to \"back off these kinds of stories\" and noted that he was born to an 18-year-old mother himself. Obama became annoyed when asked about a news report that quoted an unnamed senior McCain campaign aide saying that Obama's name appears in liberal blogs speculating about Trig's parentage. \"I am offended by that statement... There is no evidence at all that any of this involved us.\"", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1312, "end_char_pos": 1722}, {"type": "D", "before": "\"We don't go after people's families; we don't get them involved in the politics. It's not appropriate, and it's not relevant,\" Obama added. \"Our people were not involved in any way in this, and they will not be. And if I ever thought that there was somebody in my campaign that was involved in something like that, they'd be fired.\"", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1752, "end_char_pos": 2085}, {"type": "D", "before": "The McCain campaign said that Senator McCain was aware of Bristol Palin's pregnancy before he asked her mother to join him on the ticket. McCain reportedly did not see the pregnancy as a detriment to Governor Palin's selection as the vice presidential candidate.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2086, "end_char_pos": 2348}, {"type": "R", "before": "McCain told reporters that he was satisfied with his campaign's vetting process", "after": "As Sarah Palin once said", "start_char_pos": 2378, "end_char_pos": 2457}, {"type": "R", "before": "The vetting process was completely thorough and I'm grateful for the results.", "after": "Lets sing a song of Pennzoil!", "start_char_pos": 2461, "end_char_pos": 2538}, {"type": "D", "before": "Governor Palin has hired a private lawyer in a legislative ethics investigation in Alaska into whether she abused her power in dismissing the state's public safety commissioner, Walter Monegan. The investigation is checking into whether Palin dismissed Monegan for his reluctance to fire Palin's former brother-in-law, Mike Wooten.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2541, "end_char_pos": 2872}, {"type": "D", "before": "There is no sign that Palin's formal nomination this week at the Republican National Convention was in jeopardy. The controversy adds anxiety to Republicans who are worried that Democrats would use the selection of Palin to question McCain's judgment. Republicans were quick to note that Palin has \"more executive experience\" in elected office than does Obama and have gone on the offensive.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2873, "end_char_pos": 3264}, {"type": "D", "before": "McCain's choice of Palin came as a shock to some, after it was expected that McCain would choose Joe Lieberman, Tim Pawlenty, or Tom Ridge for the vice presidential nomination. McCain had reportedly met Palin only twice before her selection, and had his first face-to-face interview with her on August 28. McCain offered Palin the vice presidential spot just moments after their meeting concluded. The two appeared at a campaign rally event the following morning in Dayton, Ohio.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3294, "end_char_pos": 3773}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 161, 323, 503, 578, 672, 860, 1018, 1053, 1144, 1184, 1311, 1438, 1627, 1663, 1789, 1833, 1892, 1964, 2085, 2223, 2348, 2538, 2734, 2872, 2985, 3124, 3264, 3470, 3599, 3691]} {"doc_id": "112955", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The track was wet during most of the Friday practice sessions and all the qualificaion triplet, a rare event for the Formula One in Monza. Heavy rain weather conditions on the racing circuit caused a couple of surprises for the spectators. First was the major defeat of Kimi R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen (Ferrari) and Lewis Hamilton (McLaren-Mercedes), two major competitors in the Drivers' Championship. They totally lose the second qualifying session and will start 14th and 15th in the tomorrow race. This was accompanied by Vettel setting the best time in the session of 1:35.837. The German driver repeatedly set the best time in the final session. His podium was endangered by Felipe Massa, but the second Ferrari driver came only 6 in his final attempt and Heikki Kovalainen, Hamilton's double in McLaren, who made better setting second time just before the chequered flag closed the session.", "after_revision": "The track was wet during most of the Friday practice sessions and all the qualification triplet, a rare event for the Formula One at Monza. Heavy rain conditions on the racing circuit caused a couple of surprises for the spectators. First was the major defeat of Kimi R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen (Ferrari) and Lewis Hamilton (McLaren-Mercedes), two major competitors in the Drivers' Championship. They totally lost the second qualifying session and will start 14th and 15th in the tomorrow race. This was accompanied by Vettel setting the best time in the session of 1:35.837. The German driver repeatedly set the best time in the final session. His pole position was endangered by Felipe Massa, but the second Ferrari driver came only 6th in his final attempt and Heikki Kovalainen, Hamilton's teammate in McLaren, made better progress netting second position just before the chequered flag closed the session.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "qualificaion", "after": "qualification", "start_char_pos": 74, "end_char_pos": 86}, {"type": "R", "before": "in", "after": "at", "start_char_pos": 129, "end_char_pos": 131}, {"type": "D", "before": "weather", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 150, "end_char_pos": 157}, {"type": "R", "before": "lose", "after": "lost", "start_char_pos": 399, "end_char_pos": 403}, {"type": "R", "before": "podium", "after": "pole position", "start_char_pos": 639, "end_char_pos": 645}, {"type": "R", "before": "6", "after": "6th", "start_char_pos": 718, "end_char_pos": 719}, {"type": "R", "before": "double", "after": "teammate", "start_char_pos": 775, "end_char_pos": 781}, {"type": "R", "before": "who made better setting second time", "after": "made better progress netting second position", "start_char_pos": 794, "end_char_pos": 829}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 138, 239, 385, 484, 565, 634]} {"doc_id": "1146634", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Wiki loves the European Parliament in Strasbourg (0:30) Volunteers from Wikipedia and other sister projects \u2014 including members of Wikinews \u2014 worked at the European Parliament in Str\u00e4s-b\u0259rg , France, to procure high-quality photographs, video and audio introductions of members of the European Parliament. The team of fifty were able to produce over a thousand photographs and two hundred video clips. The material \u2014 gathered over four days in early February \u2014 will all be stored permanently on Wikimedia Commons as freely-available and reusable, multimedia content. Wikinews provides more video and photographs of parliamentarians and volunteers, as well as the full story, on the Wikinews website. Women's rights advocate Sandra Fluke announced her candidacy to run as a Democrat for the California State Senate. Because US Congress member Henry Waxman announced his retirement, Fluke originally said she would run for Congress. She decided to run for California State Senate instead. Fluke said she could accomplish more for the people of California as a state senator. The seat is currently occupied by Democrat Ted LOO , and he is beginning his campaign for Waxman's seat. The hah-MAHSS government in the GAH-zah Strip has deployed security forces along the border to prevent rocket fire on Israel. Recent reports have said hah-MAHSS withdrew its rocket-prevention force to protest Israeli attacks. Recently, there has been an escalation in tension between hah-MAHSS and Israel, with Israeli attacks and rocket shooting from the GAH-zah strip. A government panel in Japan is considering interpretations to the constitution. These would allow the Japanese military to come to the aid of its allies and strengthen ties with the United States. Japanese Prime Minister SHEEN-zoh AH-bay has been called the \"Asian Hitler\" by North Korea's state news agency. The government panel looked for ways to reinterpret the constitution, because there was no public support to rewrite or revise it. France issued a pollution alert after a Spanish cargo ship collided with a barrier and split in two off of the French coast. The ship, named the LOO-no , had one hundred twenty to one hundred sixty cubic meters of fuel aboard when the high winds and waves from a storm caused the ship to hit the breakwater. That is about five percent of an olympic-sized swimming pool. The ship was on its way to pick up fertilizer cargo when it split. One part remained on the rocks and the other lay close to the beach. An organization that audits law enforcement criticized the Tayside division of police in Sk\u00e4tl\u0259nd for failing to act on reports of drunk drivers. After one report, the same drunk driver later crashed and wounded himself and three passengers. The incident happened on June thirty, twenty thirteen, when a nineteeen-year-old lost control of the car and collided with a wall. Before the crash a member of the public had reported the driver as drunk. A similar incident happened last year with a drunk driver injuring a pedestrian after police had been notified the driver was drunk. The Parliament of New South W\u0101lz in \u1ed9st-R\u0101L-y\u0259 has passed new legislation for harsher penalties on violent behavior related to alcohol consumption. Among the provisions, an eight-year prison term for someone under the influence of drugs or alcohol who fatally punches another person. This addition came about after Shaun McNeil allegedly punched eighteen-year-old Daniel Christie on New Years Eve at Kings Cross, leading to his death on January eleven of this year. The Andy WAR-hall Photographic Legacy Program has donated works from WAR-hall 's collection to almost two hundred university art centers across the United States since two thousand seven, and those universities have been holding exhibits ever since. Wikinews was at the opening of the the University of Southern Indiana's exhibit January twenty three. That Evansville, Indiana exhibit displays about one hundred Polaroids and some additional gelatin silver prints, as well as several colored screen prints from WAR-hall' collection. The exhibit runs through March nine. Read more about the exhibit and about the program to spread WAR-hall 's photographic legacy at Wikinews dot org.", "after_revision": "Wiki loves the European Parliament in Strasbourg (0:30) Volunteers from Wikipedia and other sister projects \u2014 including members of Wikinews \u2014 worked at the European Parliament in Strasbourg , France, to procure high-quality photographs, video and audio introductions of members of the European Parliament. The team of fifty were able to produce over a thousand photographs and two hundred video clips. The material \u2014 gathered over four days in early February \u2014 will all be stored permanently on Wikimedia Commons as freely-available and reusable, multimedia content. Wikinews provides more video and photographs of parliamentarians and volunteers, as well as the full story, on the Wikinews website. Women's rights advocate Sandra Fluke announced her candidacy to run as a Democrat for the California State Senate. Because US Congress member Henry Waxman announced his retirement, Fluke originally said she would run for Congress. She decided to run for California State Senate instead. Fluke said she could accomplish more for the people of California as a state senator. The seat is currently occupied by Democrat Ted Lieu , and he is beginning his campaign for Waxman's seat. The Hamas government in the Gaza Strip has deployed security forces along the border to prevent rocket fire on Israel. Recent reports have said Hamas withdrew its rocket-prevention force to protest Israeli attacks. Recently, there has been an escalation in tension between hah-MAHSS and Israel, with Israeli attacks and rocket shooting from the Gaza strip. A government panel in Japan is considering interpretations to the constitution. These would allow the Japanese military to come to the aid of its allies and strengthen ties with the United States. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has been called the \"Asian Hitler\" by North Korea's state news agency. The government panel looked for ways to reinterpret the constitution, because there was no public support to rewrite or revise it. France issued a pollution alert after a Spanish cargo ship collided with a barrier and split in two off of the French coast. The ship, named the Luno , had one hundred twenty to one hundred sixty cubic meters of fuel aboard when the high winds and waves from a storm caused the ship to hit the breakwater. That is about five percent of an olympic-sized swimming pool. The ship was on its way to pick up fertilizer cargo when it split. One part remained on the rocks and the other lay close to the beach. An organization that audits law enforcement criticized the Tayside division of police in Scotland for failing to act on reports of drunk drivers. After one report, the same drunk driver later crashed and wounded himself and three passengers. The incident happened on June thirty, twenty thirteen, when a nineteeen-year-old lost control of the car and collided with a wall. Before the crash a member of the public had reported the driver as drunk. A similar incident happened last year with a drunk driver injuring a pedestrian after police had been notified the driver was drunk. The Parliament of New South Wales in Australia has passed new legislation for harsher penalties on violent behavior related to alcohol consumption. Among the provisions, an eight-year prison term for someone under the influence of drugs or alcohol who fatally punches another person. This addition came about after Shaun McNeil allegedly punched eighteen-year-old Daniel Christie on New Years Eve at Kings Cross, leading to his death on January eleven of this year. The Andy Warhol Photographic Legacy Program has donated works from Warhol 's collection to almost two hundred university art centers across the United States since two thousand seven, and those universities have been holding exhibits ever since. Wikinews was at the opening of the the University of Southern Indiana's exhibit January twenty three. That Evansville, Indiana exhibit displays about one hundred Polaroids and some additional gelatin silver prints, as well as several colored screen prints from Warhol's collection. The exhibit runs through March nine. Read more about the exhibit and about the program to spread Warhol 's photographic legacy at Wikinews dot org.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Str\u00e4s-b\u0259rg", "after": "Strasbourg", "start_char_pos": 179, "end_char_pos": 189}, {"type": "R", "before": "LOO", "after": "Lieu", "start_char_pos": 1120, "end_char_pos": 1123}, {"type": "R", "before": "hah-MAHSS", "after": "Hamas", "start_char_pos": 1182, "end_char_pos": 1191}, {"type": "R", "before": "GAH-zah", "after": "Gaza", "start_char_pos": 1210, "end_char_pos": 1217}, {"type": "R", "before": "hah-MAHSS", "after": "Hamas", "start_char_pos": 1329, "end_char_pos": 1338}, {"type": "R", "before": "GAH-zah", "after": "Gaza", "start_char_pos": 1534, "end_char_pos": 1541}, {"type": "R", "before": "SHEEN-zoh AH-bay", "after": "Shinzo Abe", "start_char_pos": 1770, "end_char_pos": 1786}, {"type": "R", "before": "LOO-no", "after": "Luno", "start_char_pos": 2134, "end_char_pos": 2140}, {"type": "R", "before": "Sk\u00e4tl\u0259nd", "after": "Scotland", "start_char_pos": 2584, "end_char_pos": 2592}, {"type": "R", "before": "W\u0101lz in \u1ed9st-R\u0101L-y\u0259", "after": "Wales in Australia", "start_char_pos": 3103, "end_char_pos": 3121}, {"type": "R", "before": "WAR-hall", "after": "Warhol", "start_char_pos": 3550, "end_char_pos": 3558}, {"type": "R", "before": "WAR-hall", "after": "Warhol", "start_char_pos": 3610, "end_char_pos": 3618}, {"type": "R", "before": "WAR-hall'", "after": "Warhol's", "start_char_pos": 4052, "end_char_pos": 4061}, {"type": "R", "before": "WAR-hall", "after": "Warhol", "start_char_pos": 4171, "end_char_pos": 4179}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 305, 401, 566, 699, 814, 930, 986, 1072, 1177, 1303, 1403, 1548, 1628, 1745, 1857, 1988, 2113, 2296, 2358, 2425, 2494, 2640, 2736, 2867, 2941, 3074, 3222, 3358, 3540, 3790, 3892, 4073, 4110]} {"doc_id": "11578", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In 2004, the former adviser to the government of President Lula, Waldomiro Diniz, was accused of negotiating with \"bicheiros\" (men who deal with: \"Jogo do Bicho\", or illegal gambling) and extorting money for Workers' Party (PT) electoral campaigns. A supposed victim of extortion released a tape exposing Diniz. The tape's authenticity has been verified by experts and it was aired by the major Brazilian television stations. A Congressional special commission was proposed by non-government parties so the denounciation could be investigated. The government succeeded in stoping the creation of the comissition . After the Post Office scandal been exposed, the Brazilian Congress proposed the creation of a Congress' special commission, so it could be investigated by the Parliament. The government, however, protested against it, arguing that political adversaries were antecipating the dispute to the next election for Brazil's Presidency. Workers' Party senator Eduardo Suplicy protested in Senate against his party decision. Because that he was very criticized and he got subject to punishment by the Workers' Party. After Jefferson's denountiation the focus of the scandal moved to the government and the ruling Workers' Party. Because the government were under pressure, the Workers' Party changed his earlier decision of stopping the creation of a Congress' special commission for the Post Office scandal. The proposal for the creation of a Congress' special commission for the Post Office scandal was approved. On June 9, there was the first meeting of members of the Congress' special commission for the Post Office scandal. Because of unsolved disputes between government's parliamentarians and the other parties representants , the meeting could not continue. The government's block argued that it must choose the president and the report for the commission, since the government commission members are the majority. Other parties argue that according to Parliament tradition the government should choose one member for the presidency or report and the opposion should choose the other member. A new meeting was scheduled to the next week, on Tuesday, June 14. Besides these scandals, the current Social Security Minister, Romero Juc\u00e1, is accused of having offered seven non-existent farms as guarantee for a financing from the Banco of Amazonia, among other denunciations of misuse of public loans. The current President of Brazilian Central Bank, Henrique Meirelles, is accused of finantial fraud among other accusations. Also there is a denunciation of a irregular transference of founds of Central Bank to the construction of a new headquarter for the Workers' Party. Besides the comissition to investigate the Post Office scandal, another Congress' special commissions were suggested by non-government members of Brazilian Senate: a commission to investigate the IRB scandal and another one to the investigation of Roberto Jefferson's allegations. Also, it is expected that the Brazilian Courts rule against the earlier government decision of stopping the creation of a commission for the investigation of the alleged Waldomiro Diniz scandal. Repercussions The scandals envolving the ruling Workers' Party are receiving a good attention by the public and the media. According to the Senator Pedro Simon (center-left, PMDB), an old member of Senate, one reason is because that one of the mains Workers' Party mottos was the fight against corruption. But after Lula became President on 2003, the government and the Workers' Party has been envolved in a series of severe scandals and the government has tried to stop the investigations, which is suspicious. Besides that, all scandals originated inside the government, according to Simon. The Waldomiro and the Post Office scandals emerged after the denountiations of people supposedly under pressure and involved in these scandals. Part of opposition avoids talking about impeachment. According to the governor of Minas Gerais, A\u00e9cio Neves (left, PSDB), \"President Lula is not President Collor\". President Fernando Collor de Mello was submited to a impeachment process in 1992 because of alleged denounciations of corruption in his government. At present time, there is a general consensus that Lula will have to work hard if he wishes to get re-elected ", "after_revision": "In 2004, the former adviser to the government of President Lula, Waldomiro Diniz, was accused of negotiating with \"bicheiros\" (men who deal with: \"Jogo do Bicho\", or illegal gambling) and extorting money for Workers' Party (PT) electoral campaigns. A supposed victim of extortion released a tape exposing Diniz. The tape's authenticity has been verified by experts and it was aired by the major Brazilian television stations. A Congressional special commission was proposed by non-government parties so the denunciation could be investigated. The government succeeded in stopping the creation of the commission . After the Post Office scandal been exposed, the Brazilian Congress proposed the creation of a Congress' special commission, so it could be investigated by the Parliament. The government, however, protested against it, arguing that political adversaries were anticipating the dispute to the next election for Brazil's Presidency. Workers' Party senator Eduardo Suplicy protested in Senate against his party decision. Because that he was very criticized and he got subject to punishment by the Workers' Party. After Jefferson's denunciation the focus of the scandal moved to the government and the ruling Workers' Party. Because the government were under pressure, the Workers' Party changed his earlier decision of stopping the creation of a Congress' special commission for the Post Office scandal. The proposal for the creation of a Congress' special commission for the Post Office scandal was approved. On June 9, there was the first meeting of members of the Congress' special commission for the Post Office scandal. Because of unsolved disputes between government's parliamentarians and the other parties representatives , the meeting could not continue. The government's block argued that it must choose the president and the report for the commission, since the government commission members are the majority. Other parties argue that according to Parliament tradition the government should choose one member for the presidency or report and the opposition should choose the other member. A new meeting was scheduled to the next week, on Tuesday, June 14. Besides these scandals, the current Social Security Minister, Romero Juc\u00e1, is accused of having offered seven non-existent farms as guarantee for a financing from the Banco of Amazonia, among other denunciations of misuse of public loans. The current President of Brazilian Central Bank, Henrique Meirelles, is accused of financial fraud among other accusations. Also there is a denunciation of a irregular transference of founds of Central Bank to the construction of a new headquarter for the Workers' Party. Besides the commission to investigate the Post Office scandal, another Congress' special commissions were suggested by non-government members of Brazilian Senate: a commission to investigate the IRB scandal and another one to the investigation of Roberto Jefferson's allegations. Also, it is expected that the Brazilian Courts rule against the earlier government decision of stopping the creation of a commission for the investigation of the alleged Waldomiro Diniz scandal. Repercussions The scandals involving the ruling Workers' Party are receiving a good attention by the public and the media. According to the Senator Pedro Simon (center-left, PMDB), an old member of Senate, one reason is because that one of the mains Workers' Party mottos was the fight against corruption. But after Lula became President on 2003, the government and the Workers' Party has been envolved in a series of severe scandals and the government has tried to stop the investigations, which is suspicious. Besides that, all scandals originated inside the government, according to Simon. The Waldomiro and the Post Office scandals emerged after the denunciations of people supposedly under pressure and involved in these scandals. Part of opposition avoids talking about impeachment. According to the governor of Minas Gerais, A\u00e9cio Neves (left, PSDB), \"President Lula is not President Collor\". President Fernando Collor de Mello was submitted to a impeachment process in 1992 because of alleged denounciations of corruption in his government. 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Berlingske Tidende is reporting that Rasmussen is meeting with political leaders to negotiate support for the referendum. In 1992, Danish voters rejected the Maastrict Treaty in a referendum . It was only able to pass the following year after the Edinburgh Agreement granted Denmark an opt-out of the third stage of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU). In 2000, Denmark again rejected the common currency in a euro referendum . The current currency of the Scandinavian country is the Danish krone . As part of stage two of the EMU, the exchange rate of the krone is allowed to fluctuate within a \u00b12.25\\% range to the euro. In order to maintain this peg Danmarks Nationalbank, the central bank , adjusts interest rates and performs foreign exchange operations by buying and selling currency. To do this, Danmarks Nationalbank has had to raise rates twice, even as other central banks, including the European Central Bank (ECB), were lowering rates to deal with the current economic crisis . Euro banknotes As a result, interest rates in Denmark are now 175 basis points higher than the ECB's rates. As recently as May, the difference was only 25 basis points. Rasmussen heads the Venstre party which leads a minority coalition government. The main opposition party, the Social Democrats , also support adopting the euro as the nation's currency. Rasmussen has said he wants a referendum put before voters before 2011. His government had originally planned to hold a referendum this past September to abolish the EMU opt-outs, but that was scrapped when Ireland voted down the Treaty of Lisbon . On October 30, while in Stockholm , Sweden, Rasmussen said: \"The euro ensures political and economical stability in Europe and the current financial turmoil makes it evident that Denmark has to join the Euro.\" Analysts consulted by Berlingske Tidende have said that an endorsement from the Socialist People's Party (SF) could prove to be the tide-turner. \"If there was a vote, then I would vote Yes. But I am of the opinion that it is stupid to hold a vote unless we first have a real debate. We haven't had a debate in eight years and all arguments need to be tested,\" said Margrete Auken of SF. ", "after_revision": "Anders Fogh Rasmussen at Davos in 2008 , the Prime Minister of Denmark, said on Tuesday that he will seek broad parliamentary support for a national referendum on joining the , the common currency of the . is reporting that Rasmussen is meeting with political leaders to negotiate support for the referendum. In 1992, Danish voters rejected the in a . It was only able to the following year after the granted Denmark an opt-out of the third stage of the (EMU). In 2000, Denmark again rejected the common currency in a . The current currency of the country is the . As part of of the EMU, the exchange rate of the krone is allowed to fluctuate within a \u00b12.25\\% range to the euro. In order to maintain this peg , the , adjusts interest rates and performs foreign exchange operations by buying and selling currency. To do this, Danmarks Nationalbank has had to raise rates twice, even as other central banks, including the European Central Bank (ECB), were lowering rates to deal with the . Euro banknotes As a result, interest rates in Denmark are now 175 higher than the ECB's rates. As recently as May, the difference was only 25 basis points. Rasmussen heads the which leads a minority coalition government. The main opposition party, the , also support adopting the euro as the nation's currency. Rasmussen has said he wants a referendum put before voters before 2011. His government had originally planned to hold a referendum this past September to abolish the EMU opt-outs, but that was scrapped when Ireland voted down the . On October 30, while in , Sweden, Rasmussen said: \"The euro ensures political and economical stability in Europe and the current financial turmoil makes it evident that Denmark has to join the Euro.\" Analysts consulted by have said that an endorsement from the (SF) could prove to be the tide-turner. \"If there was a vote, then I would vote Yes. But I am of the opinion that it is stupid to hold a vote unless we first have a real debate. We haven't had a debate in eight years and all arguments need to be tested,\" said of SF. 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Emails exchanged among United States Air Force officials regarding a USD$23 billion dollar deal with aircraft manufacturer Boeing have been entered into the public record. Senator John McCain (R-AZ ) entered them into the Congressional Record during a speech last week against the now-cancelled deal to lease 100 mid-air tanker aircraft from Boeing. Congressional lawmakers rejected the proposal in October, although industry experts say the deal had been killed by the Pentagon because of reports stating that the deal had favored Boeing. Senator McCain has been the deal's most vocal critic. The original negotiations with Boeing were over a no-bid contract . Such contracts are often justified by the speed they offer, eliminating a preliminary bid and selection round that may last months. However, no-bid contracts are only open to the company selected by the procuring agency. This leaves no-bid contracts open to accusations of conflicts of interest among the procurement personnel. Such accusations have previously been leveled against Vice President Dick Cheney for a no-bid contract to Halliburton , and are now being made against senior Air Force officials for choosing Boeing to replace its tanker fleet. In the released emails, Air Force officials responsible for the awarding of contracts appear biased against Boeing's main competitor, Airbus and its CEO Ralph Crosby . Airbus is owned by European Aeronautic Defense & Space Company (EADS). Airbus manufacturers a number of passenger and military aircraft and has gained market share in passenger aircraft over Boeing in recent years. The following is a sequential email exchange regarding Airbus as recorded in the Congressional Record: Special Asst. to the Secretary and Director of Air Force Communications Bill Bodie: \"We don't have to turn the other cheek, you know. I'm ready to tell the truth about Airbus's boom, footprint, and financial shortcoming. But maybe we should sleep on it.\" Secretary of the Air Force James Roche: \"No, Sir, save it and blow him away. He admits that they were not technically qualified! And, we keep their record of bribes as our trump card! Jim.\" Civilian Deputy Undersecretary of the Air Force for Acquisition Darleen Druyun: \"I read with disgust the article on Airbus tankers from the new EADS CEO of North America. What BS . . . should not have been surprised at the slime . . . his day of reckoning will come hopefully.\" Secretary of the Air Force James Roche: \"Oy. I agree. I had hoped you would have stayed and tortured him slowly over the next few years until EADS got rid of him! Jim.\" Boeing had previously hired Civilian Deputy Undersecretary of the Air Force for Acquisition Darleen Druyun . This caused a controversy over conflict of interest and led to felony charges against Boeing Chief Financial Officer Michael Sears for illegally hiring her. Former military personnel are often hired by defense contractors to lobby for contracts. Days after Sen. McCain's remarks, the Air Force said the tanker replacement contract would be revived as an open bid . Deputy Defense Secretary Wolfowitz published an open-article in the Congressional Record, saying: \"After we have selected an appropriate alternative, we intend to require competition.\"", "after_revision": "Aging KC135 tankers, shown here refueling an F16, were to be replaced by Boeing's 767 tanker. Emails exchanged among officials regarding a USD$23 billion dollar deal with aircraft manufacturer have been entered into the public record. (-AZ ) entered them into the during a speech last week against the now-cancelled deal to lease 100 aircraft from Boeing. Congressional lawmakers rejected the proposal in October, although industry experts say the deal had been killed by the because of reports stating that the deal had favored Boeing. Senator McCain has been the deal's most vocal critic. The original negotiations with Boeing were over a . Such contracts are often justified by the speed they offer, eliminating a preliminary bid and selection round that may last months. However, no-bid contracts are only open to the company selected by the procuring agency. This leaves no-bid contracts open to accusations of among the procurement personnel. Such accusations have previously been leveled against Vice President for a no-bid contract to , and are now being made against senior Air Force officials for choosing Boeing to replace its tanker fleet. In the released emails, Air Force officials responsible for the awarding of contracts appear biased against Boeing's main competitor, and its . is owned by European Aeronautic Defense & Space Company (EADS). Airbus manufacturers a number of passenger and military aircraft and has gained market share in passenger aircraft over Boeing in recent years. The following is a sequential email exchange regarding Airbus as recorded in the Congressional Record: Special Asst. to the Secretary and Director of Air Force Communications Bill Bodie: \"We don't have to turn the other cheek, you know. I'm ready to tell the truth about Airbus's boom, footprint, and financial shortcoming. But maybe we should sleep on it.\" Secretary of the Air Force James Roche: \"No, Sir, save it and blow him away. He admits that they were not technically qualified! And, we keep their record of bribes as our trump card! Jim.\" Civilian Deputy Undersecretary of the Air Force for Acquisition Darleen Druyun: \"I read with disgust the article on Airbus tankers from the new EADS CEO of North America. What BS . . . should not have been surprised at the slime . . . his day of reckoning will come hopefully.\" Secretary of the Air Force James Roche: \"Oy. I agree. I had hoped you would have stayed and tortured him slowly over the next few years until EADS got rid of him! Jim.\" Boeing had previously hired Civilian Deputy Undersecretary of the Air Force for Acquisition . This caused a controversy over conflict of interest and led to felony charges against Boeing Chief Financial Officer Michael Sears for illegally hiring her. Former military personnel are often hired by defense contractors to lobby for contracts. Days after Sen. McCain's remarks, the Air Force said the tanker replacement contract would be revived as an . 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At least 28 people drowned and were confirmed dead, 46 were rescued, while 34 others remain missing on Sunday, after an overcrowded passenger motorboat capsized off waters in Ballesteros , a town of 17,000 people, the Cagayan police reported. 'M/B Mae Jan', a wooden-hulled ferry , was carrying 102 passengers, after an eight-hour voyage from Calayan Island in the Luzon Strait for Appari when it capsized less than 300 meters (984 feet) from its destination, at 8:30 p.m. Its bamboo outrigger broke due to strong waves, as it reached the mouth of the Cagayan River ('Bannag' Rio Grande de Cagayan, 'Ilog ng Kagayan'), along Barangay Linao, about 50 meters from the shoreline of Pallog village. Divers from the combined teams of the Philippine Navy and Coast Guard helped in the rescue operations. 11 of the fatalities, including the vessel owner, Arellano, and her daughter were identified. The police said \"there was a possibility that the boat was overloaded,\" saying that \"there was also livestock on board.\" Due to \"trauma,\" the ferry's captain refused to talk to police. The Pinacanauan River, seen just below the Callao Caves , is one of the major tributaries of the Cagayan River. Meanwhile, the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) formed a Special Board of Marine Inquiry (SBMI) to investigate the sea tragedy. It ordered the \"immediate dispatch of SAR-003 and MCS-3005 vessels and the PCG Islander for aerial surveillance.\" PCG noted the possible overloading of the vessel since the boat's franchise authorized it to carry only 40 passengers and 10 crew members. In November, a vessel sank in rough seas north of Cagayan, and passing vessels rescued 16 of 20 passengers. Weeks earlier, separate storms sank two passenger vessels in the central Philippines , drowning more than 50 people. Prior to the ferry sinking, the Philippine weather bureau had issued Gale warnings to coastal towns , of approaching tropical storm \"Ulysses\" (international codename: Dolphin) from the Pacific with winds of up to 60 miles (95 kilometers) per hour, centered off southeastern Catanduanes , eastern Philippines.", "after_revision": "Map of showing the location of , site of the Philippine maritime disaster. At least 28 people drowned and were confirmed dead, 46 were rescued, while 34 others remain missing on Sunday, after an overcrowded passenger capsized off waters in , a town of 17,000 people, the police reported. 'M/B Mae Jan', a wooden-hulled , was carrying 102 passengers, after an eight-hour voyage from in the for when it capsized less than 300 meters (984 feet) from its destination, at 8:30 p.m. Its broke due to strong waves, as it reached the mouth of the ('Bannag' Rio Grande de Cagayan, 'Ilog ng Kagayan'), along Linao, about 50 meters from the shoreline of Pallog village. Divers from the combined teams of the and helped in the rescue operations. 11 of the fatalities, including the vessel owner, Arellano, and her daughter were identified. The police said \"there was a possibility that the boat was overloaded,\" saying that \"there was also livestock on board.\" Due to \"trauma,\" the ferry's captain refused to talk to police. The Pinacanauan River, seen just below the , is one of the major tributaries of the Cagayan River. Meanwhile, the (PCG) formed a Special Board of Marine Inquiry (SBMI) to investigate the sea tragedy. It ordered the \"immediate dispatch of SAR-003 and MCS-3005 vessels and the PCG Islander for aerial surveillance.\" PCG noted the possible overloading of the vessel since the boat's franchise authorized it to carry only 40 passengers and 10 crew members. In November, a sank in rough seas north of Cagayan, and passing vessels rescued 16 of 20 passengers. Weeks earlier, separate storms sank two passenger vessels in the , drowning more than 50 people. Prior to the ferry sinking, the had issued to , of approaching tropical storm \"Ulysses\" (international codename: Dolphin) from the Pacific with winds of up to 60 miles (95 kilometers) per hour, centered off southeastern , eastern Philippines.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Cagayan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 7, "end_char_pos": 14}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ballesteros", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 39, "end_char_pos": 50}, {"type": "D", "before": "motorboat", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 237, "end_char_pos": 246}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ballesteros", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 270, "end_char_pos": 281}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cagayan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 313, "end_char_pos": 320}, {"type": "D", "before": "ferry", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 369, "end_char_pos": 374}, {"type": "R", "before": "Calayan Island in the Luzon Strait for Appari", "after": "in the for", "start_char_pos": 438, "end_char_pos": 483}, {"type": "D", "before": "bamboo outrigger", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 572, "end_char_pos": 588}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cagayan River", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 647, "end_char_pos": 660}, {"type": "D", "before": "Barangay", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 720, "end_char_pos": 728}, {"type": "R", "before": "Philippine Navy and Coast Guard", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 828, "end_char_pos": 859}, {"type": "D", "before": "Callao Caves", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1215, "end_char_pos": 1227}, {"type": "D", "before": "Philippine Coast Guard", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1299, "end_char_pos": 1321}, {"type": "D", "before": "vessel", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1676, "end_char_pos": 1682}, {"type": "D", "before": "central Philippines", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1834, "end_char_pos": 1853}, {"type": "R", "before": "Philippine weather bureau had issued Gale warnings to coastal towns", "after": "had issued to", "start_char_pos": 1918, "end_char_pos": 1985}, {"type": "D", "before": "Catanduanes", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2160, "end_char_pos": 2171}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 94, 567, 789, 892, 986, 1107, 1171, 1283, 1407, 1660, 1768, 1885]} {"doc_id": "119132", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Princess Beatrice at an equestrian event in 2005. British royal Princess Beatrice , age 20, has become the victim of thieves, who stole her prized \u00a3 17,000 black 1 Series BMW while she and her police bodyguard were shopping in Devonshire Place in Kensington \u2014 leaving the vehicle's keys in the ignition. The luxury car, which has a personalised number plate and contained some personal items, was a gift from her father, Prince Andrew , for her 17th birthday in 2005. Media reports said that Beatrice was \"extremely embarrassed\" about the theft in a street in the West 1 area, which happened Wednesday just after 9am in London. She later joined her sister, Princess Eugenie , age 18, at a nearby pub. Metropolitan Police said Westminster officers were investigating the reports. BMW 1 Series . The BMW 1 Series (code names E82 and E87,) is a small-luxury car / small family car produced by the German automaker BMW since 2004. The 1 Series is the only vehicle in its class featuring rear-wheel drive and a longitudinally-mounted engine. Princess Beatrice of York (Beatrice Elizabeth Mary; born 8 August 1988) is the elder daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York and Sarah, Duchess of York . Thus, she is fifth person and the first female in the line of succession to the thrones of sixteen independent states . When she was born, she was the first princess born into the immediate royal family since Princess Anne in 1950. This is not the first time the Princess suffered a loss. In December, her Norfolk terrier Max went missing in Windsor , but reappeared three weeks later on Saturday, alive and well.", "after_revision": " at an equestrian event in 2005. British royal , age 20, has become the victim of thieves, who stole her prized 17,000 black while she and her police bodyguard were shopping in in \u2014 leaving the vehicle's keys in the ignition. The luxury car, which has a personalised number plate and contained some personal items, was a gift from her father, , for her 17th birthday in 2005. Media reports said that Beatrice was \"extremely embarrassed\" about the theft in a street in the area, which happened Wednesday just after 9am in London. She later joined her sister, , age 18, at a nearby pub. Metropolitan Police said Westminster officers were investigating the reports. . The BMW 1 Series (code names E82 and E87,) is a small-luxury car / small family car produced by the German automaker since 2004. The 1 Series is the only vehicle in its class featuring rear-wheel drive and a engine. (Beatrice Elizabeth Mary; born 8 August 1988) is the elder daughter of and . Thus, she is fifth person and the first female in the to the thrones of . When she was born, she was the first princess born into the immediate royal family since in 1950. This is not the first time the Princess suffered a loss. In December, her Max went missing in , but reappeared three weeks later on Saturday, alive and well.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Princess Beatrice", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 17}, {"type": "D", "before": "Princess Beatrice", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 64, "end_char_pos": 81}, {"type": "D", "before": "\u00a3", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 147, "end_char_pos": 148}, {"type": "D", "before": "1 Series BMW", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 162, "end_char_pos": 174}, {"type": "R", "before": "Devonshire Place in Kensington", "after": "in", "start_char_pos": 227, "end_char_pos": 257}, {"type": "D", "before": "Prince Andrew", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 421, "end_char_pos": 434}, {"type": "D", "before": "West 1", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 564, "end_char_pos": 570}, {"type": "D", "before": "Princess Eugenie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 657, "end_char_pos": 673}, {"type": "D", "before": "BMW 1 Series", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 779, "end_char_pos": 791}, {"type": "D", "before": "BMW", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 911, "end_char_pos": 914}, {"type": "D", "before": "longitudinally-mounted", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1006, "end_char_pos": 1028}, {"type": "D", "before": "Princess Beatrice of York", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1037, "end_char_pos": 1062}, {"type": "R", "before": "Prince Andrew, Duke of York and Sarah, Duchess of York", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 1134, "end_char_pos": 1188}, {"type": "D", "before": "line of succession", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1245, "end_char_pos": 1263}, {"type": "D", "before": "sixteen independent states", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1282, "end_char_pos": 1308}, {"type": "D", "before": "Princess Anne", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1400, "end_char_pos": 1413}, {"type": "D", "before": "Norfolk terrier", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1497, "end_char_pos": 1512}, {"type": "D", "before": "Windsor", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1533, "end_char_pos": 1540}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 49, 303, 467, 627, 700, 778, 793, 926, 1036, 1088, 1190, 1310, 1422, 1479]} {"doc_id": "119485", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The Foudre - Le TCD Foudre \u00e0 quai \u00e0 l'arsenal de Toulon (avril 2002). Officials say that a French military helicopter with 10 French soldiers, including four crew members and six Special Forces paratroopers, has crashed off the coast of Gabon in west central Africa. The Eurocopter AS 532 Cougar ditched shortly into the Atlantic Ocean after leaving a French naval ship , about 50 kilometres off the coast. Seven French soldiers were killed, two were rescued, and one is still missing, according to a statement issued by President Nicolas Sarkozy's office. According to Libreville Lieutenant Colonel Pascal Carpentier, the ill-fated helicopter crashed Saturday night at 8:08 p.m. (1908 GMT) into Atlantic waters off Nyonie, a small town located between Gabon's capital Libreville and the town of Port-Gentil . It was taking off from the amphibious assault ship La Foudre's naval landing craft transporter cruising 50 kilometers (30 miles) off the Gabonese coast, during a joint training exercise, said Lieutenant Colonel Francois-Marie Gougeon, spokesman for the general staff. A French army Eurocopter AS 532 Cougar helicopter from the landing zone at the Kabul Military Training Center in Kabul, Afghanistan, March 15, 2007. The ship \"set off the alert and arrived at the crash site with rescuers who picked up the injured crew within half an hour. The sea was calm and the wind low at the time of the crash but the night was very dark,\" Lieutenant Gougeon explained, adding that \"search operations will naturally continue all night.\" La Foudre, two helicopters and oil giant Total S.A. 's three vessels, including its sonar and underwater robot joined the rescue effort of the salvage team. \"Divers were deployed to locate the wreckage,\" said Captain Christophe Prazuck, spokesman for the army general staff. \"At daybreak we will deploy all our means, planes, helicopters, boats... to take part in the search,\" said Gabon's Interior Minister Andr\u00e9 Mba Obame . Meanwhile French President Nicolas Sarkozy directed Defence Minister Herv\u00e9 Morin to travel to the crash site. Sarkozy had \"asked that all available means in the area be immediately deployed to find the soldiers who were aboard.\" Morin later announced there would be two probes, a judicial one and another by the French defence ministry , with the assistance of French gendarmes and an air accident expert. Satellite image of Gabon, generated from raster graphics data supplied by The Map Library . Minister Morin arrived in Libreville on Sunday and met with President Omar Bongo to discuss rescue efforts for the missing body of one of the seven soldiers. \"The cause of this tragedy remains unknown. It may be natural or human, or a combination of both.\" Morin said. \"Divers were inspecting the Cougar, which was in water 35 meters (about 115 feet) deep. We will do everything we can to find the last person missing,\" he added. The January 17-21 bilateral manoeuvres called 'Operation N'Gari' involved 600 French soldiers and 120 Gabonese troops maneuvering in the military drill known as Baptise Ngeri. The soldiers were backed by Cougar and Fennec helicopters to coordinate maritime safety operations with UN peacekeepers at Bouna airport, in the Ivory Coast . In the joint exercise soldiers were to be parachuted onto predetermined targets including Nyonie. Gabon, a former French colony, hosts one of four permanent French bases in Africa. Gabon is a country in west central Africa sharing borders with the Gulf of Guinea to the west, Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, and Cameroon to the north, with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south. According the FFG which has around 1,000 troops in Gabon, the French Forces in Gabon (FFG)'s role is \"to assure the safety of the 12,000 French residents in the country in case of threat, and carry out aid missions.\"", "after_revision": " - \u00e0 quai \u00e0 l'arsenal de Toulon (avril 2002). Officials say that a French military helicopter with 10 French soldiers, including four crew members and six paratroopers, has crashed off the coast of Gabon in west central Africa. The Cougar ditched shortly into the after leaving a , about 50 kilometres off the coast. Seven French soldiers were killed, two were rescued, and one is still missing, according to a statement issued by President Nicolas Sarkozy's office. According to Libreville Lieutenant Colonel Pascal Carpentier, the ill-fated helicopter crashed Saturday night at 8:08 p.m. (1908 GMT) into Atlantic waters off Nyonie, a small town located between Gabon's capital and the town of . It was taking off from the 's cruising 50 kilometers (30 miles) off the Gabonese coast, during a joint training exercise, said Lieutenant Colonel Francois-Marie Gougeon, spokesman for the general staff. A French army from the landing zone at the Kabul Military Training Center in Kabul, Afghanistan, March 15, 2007. The \"set off the alert and arrived at the crash site with rescuers who picked up the injured crew within half an hour. The sea was calm and the wind low at the time of the crash but the night was very dark,\" Lieutenant Gougeon explained, adding that \"search operations will naturally continue all night.\" La Foudre, two helicopters and oil giant 's three vessels, including its and joined the rescue effort of the salvage team. \"Divers were deployed to locate the wreckage,\" said Captain Christophe Prazuck, spokesman for the army general staff. \"At daybreak we will deploy all our means, planes, helicopters, boats... to take part in the search,\" said Gabon's Interior Minister . Meanwhile Nicolas Sarkozy directed Defence Minister to travel to the crash site. Sarkozy had \"asked that all available means in the area be immediately deployed to find the soldiers who were aboard.\" Morin later announced there would be two probes, a judicial one and another by the , with the assistance of French gendarmes and an air accident expert. Satellite image of Gabon, generated from data supplied by . Minister Morin arrived in on Sunday and met with President to discuss rescue efforts for the missing body of one of the seven soldiers. \"The cause of this tragedy remains unknown. It may be natural or human, or a combination of both.\" Morin said. \"Divers were inspecting the Cougar, which was in water 35 meters (about 115 feet) deep. We will do everything we can to find the last person missing,\" he added. The January 17-21 bilateral manoeuvres called 'Operation N'Gari' involved 600 French soldiers and 120 Gabonese troops maneuvering in the military drill known as Baptise Ngeri. The soldiers were backed by Cougar and to coordinate maritime safety operations with UN peacekeepers at airport, in the . In the joint exercise soldiers were to be parachuted onto predetermined targets including Nyonie. Gabon, a former French colony, hosts one of four permanent French bases in Africa. Gabon is a country in west central Africa sharing borders with the to the west, Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, and Cameroon to the north, with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south. According the FFG which has around 1,000 troops in Gabon, the in Gabon (FFG)'s role is \"to assure the safety of the 12,000 French residents in the country in case of threat, and carry out aid missions.\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "The Foudre", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 10}, {"type": "D", "before": "Le TCD Foudre", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 13, "end_char_pos": 26}, {"type": "D", "before": "Special Forces", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 179, "end_char_pos": 193}, {"type": "D", "before": "Eurocopter AS 532", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 271, "end_char_pos": 288}, {"type": "D", "before": "Atlantic Ocean", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 321, "end_char_pos": 335}, {"type": "D", "before": "French naval ship", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 352, "end_char_pos": 369}, {"type": "D", "before": "Libreville", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 769, "end_char_pos": 779}, {"type": "D", "before": "Port-Gentil", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 796, "end_char_pos": 807}, {"type": "R", "before": "amphibious assault ship La Foudre's naval landing craft transporter", "after": "'s", "start_char_pos": 837, "end_char_pos": 904}, {"type": "D", "before": "Eurocopter AS 532 Cougar helicopter", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1092, "end_char_pos": 1127}, {"type": "D", "before": "ship", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1231, "end_char_pos": 1235}, {"type": "D", "before": "Total S.A.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1578, "end_char_pos": 1588}, {"type": "R", "before": "sonar and underwater robot", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 1621, "end_char_pos": 1647}, {"type": "D", "before": "Andr\u00e9 Mba Obame", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1945, "end_char_pos": 1960}, {"type": "D", "before": "French President", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1973, "end_char_pos": 1989}, {"type": "D", "before": "Herv\u00e9 Morin", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2032, "end_char_pos": 2043}, {"type": "D", "before": "French defence ministry", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2275, "end_char_pos": 2298}, {"type": "D", "before": "raster graphics", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2410, "end_char_pos": 2425}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Map Library", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2443, "end_char_pos": 2458}, {"type": "D", "before": "Libreville", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2487, "end_char_pos": 2497}, {"type": "D", "before": "Omar Bongo", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2531, "end_char_pos": 2541}, {"type": "D", "before": "Fennec helicopters", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3106, "end_char_pos": 3124}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bouna", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3190, "end_char_pos": 3195}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ivory Coast", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3212, "end_char_pos": 3223}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gulf of Guinea", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3474, "end_char_pos": 3488}, {"type": "D", "before": "French Forces", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3693, "end_char_pos": 3706}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 69, 266, 406, 556, 809, 1077, 1226, 1350, 1536, 1693, 1811, 2072, 2191, 2368, 2460, 2618, 2662, 2717, 2729, 2817, 2890, 3066, 3225, 3323, 3406, 3630]} {"doc_id": "119533", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "__NOTOC__ Today, the official ceremony ushering in Barack H. Obama II as the new president of the United States took place at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. A 21-gun salute , as well as the playing of four ruffles and flourishes and \" Hail to the Chief \", marked the moment he assumed power from his predecessor, George W. Bush. President Barack Obama being sworn in at the inauguration Bush's second term as President of the United States , which began on January 20, 2005, expired with the swearing-in of the 44th President of the United States , Barack Obama, at noon EST (UTC-5 ), under the provisions of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution . Pope Benedict XVI on Tuesday called on Obama to seek \"understanding, co-operation and peace\" among nations. \"I offer cordial good wishes, together with the assurance of my prayers that Almighty God will grant you unfailing wisdom and strength in the exercise of your high responsibilities,\" the Pontiff said. The National Mall gates at the inaugural ceremony opened early, with official introductions beginning around 11:30am EST. On the west front lawn of the U.S. Capitol, Senator Dianne Feinstein provided the call to order and welcoming remarks, shortly after followed by invocation by the Rev. Rick Warren and a musical performance by Aretha Franklin. Vice President-elect Joseph R. Biden, Jr., a Democrat , who was elected Vice President in the 2008 presidential election , took his oath of office, succeeding Dick Cheney . Biden took his oath at 11:57am EST from Associate Justice John Paul Stevens . U.S. service members prepare for the 56th United States presidential inauguration rehearsal in the west steps of the United States Capitol Washington, D.C., Jan. 11, 2009. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Glover Roberts, Jr. then administered the oath of office to Obama, under Article II, Section 1, Clause 8. \"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States. So help me God,\" Obama swore, using the 1861 President Lincoln Inaugural Bible. First Lady Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama and daughters Malia Ann and Sasha, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi were among the record-setting crowd of over 2 million people, including more than a million people that filled the National Mall. Vice President Dick Cheney arrived in a wheelchair, having pulled a muscle in his back while moving, White House spokeswoman Dana Perino said. Obama has decided to follow tradition and use his full name, including his middle name Hussein , regardless of its past and present use by detractors as an effort to slander his image. The advanced scheduled program stated that the inaugural address was to be delivered by \"the President of the United States, The Honorable Barack H. Obama.\" Obama focused on the restoration of public confidence and personal \"responsibility,\" reassuring recession-weary Americans they can rebound from hard times. He conveyed to the world his desire to fix a battered U.S. image overseas. He asked the nation to reject the \"culture of anything goes\" and to restore a national value system that honors responsibility and accountability. Elizabeth Alexander recited a poem, followed by the benediction by Rev. Joseph E. Lowery. The National Anthem was thereafter played by The United States Navy Band \" Sea Chanters .\" Over 200 million viewers worldwide had watched inauguration videos and live streams provided online by a number of news organizations and online video broadcasting companies over the internet. The event was also available live to select iPhone users. At 2:35pm EST in the Capitol's Statuary Hall , at the inaugural luncheon attended by Obama, it is reported that Ted Kennedy had a stroke. Paramedics arrived and took the senator to a hospital. A parade extended for over two hours in the afternoon. It included 15,000 people, 240 horses, dozens of marching bands, two drum and bugle corps, and one mariachi band from Espanola, New Mexico . Just after 4pm EST, Obama and his wife joined the celebrating crowds on Pennsylvania Avenue. After a short time waving to the masses, they returned to the Presidential Limousine, a 2009 Cadillac, which transported them to the White House . The First Limo has replaced President Bush \u2019s Cadillac DTS Presidential Limousine that rolled out in 2004. Mr and Mrs Obama plan to attend a total of ten official inaugural balls, including the Neighbourhood Ball, the Obama Home States (Illinois and Hawaii) Ball, the Biden Home States (Pennsylvania and Delaware) Ball and the Youth Ball. American R&B singer-songwriter Beyonc\u00e9 has been planned to perform the first dance song. The Obamas will return to the White House, their new home, following the last ball.", "after_revision": "__NOTOC__ Today, the ushering in Barack H. Obama II as the new president of the United States took place at the in Washington, D.C.. A , as well as the playing of four and \" \", marked the moment he assumed power from his predecessor, George W. Bush. President Barack Obama being sworn in at the inauguration Bush's second term as , which began on January 20, 2005, expired with the of the , Barack Obama, at noon ( ), under the provisions of the . on Tuesday called on Obama to seek \"understanding, co-operation and peace\" among nations. \"I offer cordial good wishes, together with the assurance of my prayers that Almighty God will grant you unfailing wisdom and strength in the exercise of your high responsibilities,\" the Pontiff said. The gates at the inaugural ceremony opened early, with official introductions beginning around 11:30am EST. On the west front lawn of the U.S. Capitol, Senator provided the call to order and welcoming remarks, shortly after followed by invocation by the Rev. and a musical performance by Aretha Franklin. Vice President-elect Joseph R. Biden, Jr., a , who was elected Vice President in the , took his oath of office, succeeding . Biden took his oath at 11:57am EST from . U.S. service members prepare for the 56th rehearsal in the west steps of the Washington, D.C., Jan. 11, 2009. then administered the to Obama, under . \"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States. So help me God,\" Obama swore, using the 1861 President Lincoln Inaugural Bible. and daughters , , and Nancy Pelosi were among the record-setting crowd of over 2 million people, including more than a million people that filled the National Mall. Vice President Dick Cheney arrived in a wheelchair, having pulled a muscle in his back while moving, White House spokeswoman said. Obama has decided to follow tradition and use his full name, including his middle name , regardless of its past and present use by detractors as an effort to slander his image. The advanced scheduled program stated that the inaugural address was to be delivered by \"the President of the United States, The Honorable Barack H. Obama.\" Obama focused on the restoration of public confidence and personal \"responsibility,\" reassuring recession-weary Americans they can rebound from hard times. He conveyed to the world his desire to fix a battered U.S. image overseas. He asked the nation to reject the \"culture of anything goes\" and to restore a national value system that honors responsibility and accountability. recited a poem, followed by the benediction by Rev. . The National Anthem was thereafter played by The United States Navy Band \" .\" Over 200 million viewers worldwide had watched inauguration videos and live streams provided online by a number of news organizations and online video broadcasting companies over the internet. The event was also available live to select users. At 2:35pm EST in the Capitol's , at the inaugural luncheon attended by Obama, it is reported that had a stroke. Paramedics arrived and took the senator to a hospital. A parade extended for over two hours in the afternoon. It included 15,000 people, 240 horses, dozens of marching bands, two drum and bugle corps, and one mariachi band from , . Just after 4pm EST, Obama and his wife joined the celebrating crowds on Pennsylvania Avenue. After a short time waving to the masses, they returned to the Presidential Limousine, a 2009 Cadillac, which transported them to the . The First Limo has replaced President Bush 's Presidential Limousine that rolled out in 2004. Mr and Mrs Obama plan to attend a total of ten official inaugural balls, including the Neighbourhood Ball, the Obama Home States (Illinois and Hawaii) Ball, the Biden Home States (Pennsylvania and Delaware) Ball and the Youth Ball. American R&B singer-songwriter has been planned to perform the first dance song. 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Scientists had suspected the species\u2014listed as \"data deficient\" on the 2008 International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List Category \u2014was extinct. Last month, native bird trappers snared and successfully caught the Luzon Buttonquail (Turnix worcesteri or Worcester's buttonquail) in Dalton Pass, a cold and wind-swept bird passageway in the Caraballo Mountains, in Nueva Vizcaya , located between Cordillera Central and Sierra Madre mountain ranges, in Northern Luzon . British birder and WBCP member , Desmond Allen , was watching a January 26 DVD-video of a documentary, Bye-Bye Birdie, when he recognized the bird in a still image of the credits that lasted less than a second. Allen created a screenshot , which was photographed by their birder-companion, Arnel Telesforo, also a WBCP member, in Nueva Vizcaya's poultry market, before it was cooked and eaten. i-Witness: The GMA Documentaries , a Philippine documentary news and public affairs television show aired by GMA Network , had incorporated Telesforo's photographs and video footage of the live bird in the documentary, that was created by the TV crew led by Mr Howie Severino. The Philippine Network had not realized what they filmed until Allen had informed the crew of interesting discovery. Mr Severino and the crew were at that time, in Dalton Pass to film \"akik\", the traditional practice of trapping wild birds with nets by first attracting them with bright lights on moonless nights. \"I'm shocked. I don't know of any other photos of this. No bird watchers have ever given convincing reports that they have seen it at all... This is an exciting discovery,\" said Allen. In 2007, a specimen of the Luzon Buttonquail from the Mountain Province was photographed by the American Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. The Luzon Buttonquail was only known through an illustration in the authoritative book by Robert S. Kennedy, et al, A Guide to the Birds of the Philippines. This birders \"bible\" includes a drawing based on the skins of dead specimens collected a century ago, whereas the otherwise comprehensive image bank of the Oriental Bird Club does not contain a single image of the Worcester's Buttonquail. \u201cWith the photograph and the promise of more sightings in the wild, we can see the living bill, the eye color, the feathers, rather than just the mushed-up museum skin,\u201d exclaimed Allen, who has been birdwatching for fifty years, fifteen in the Philippines, and has an extensive collection of bird calls on his ipod. He has also spotted the Oriental (or Manchurian) Bush Warbler , another rare bird which he has not seen in the Philippines. \u201cWe are ecstatic that this rarely seen species was photographed by accident. It may be the only photo of this poorly known bird. But I also feel sad that the locals do not value the biodiversity around them and that this bird was sold for only P10 and headed for the cooking pot,\u201d Wild Bird Club of the Philippines (WBCP) president Mike Lu said. \u201cMuch more has to be done in creating conservation awareness and local consciousness about our unique threatened bird fauna. This should be an easy task for the local governments assisted by the DENR . What if this was the last of its species?\u201d Lu added. According to the WBCP, the Worcester\u2019s buttonquail was first described based on specimens bought in Quinta Market in Quiapo, Manila in 1902, and was named after Dean Conant Worcester. Since then just a few single specimens have been photographed and filmed from Nueva Vizcaya and Benguet , and lately, in 2007, from Mountain Province by the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois. Dean Conant Worcester Dean Conant Worcester , D.Sc., F.R.G.S. was an American zoologist , public official, and authority on the Philippines, born at Thetford , Vermont, and educated at the University of Michigan (A.B., 1889). From 1899 to 1901 he was a member of the United States Philippine Commission ; thenceforth until 1913 he served as secretary of the interior for the Philippine Insular Government . In 1910, he founded the Philippine General Hospital , which has become the hospital for the poor and the sick. In October, 2004, at the request of Mr Moises Butic, Lamut CENR Officer, Mr Jon Hornbuckle, of Grove Road, Sheffield , has conducted a short investigation into bird-trapping in Ifugao, Mountain Province, Banaue Mount Polis, Sagada and Dalton Pass, in Nueva Vizcaya. \"Prices ranged from 100 pesos for a Fruit-Dove to 300 pesos for a Metallic Pigeon . Other species that are caught from time to time include Flame-breasted Fruit-Dove and Luzon Bleeding-heart ; on one occasion, around 50 of the latter were trapped! All other trapped birds are eaten,\" said Hornbuckle. \"The main trapping season is November to February. Birds are caught at the lights using butterfly-catching type nets. Quails and Buttonquails were more often shot in the fields at this time, rather than caught, and occasionally included the rare Luzon (Worcester\u2019s) Buttonquail, which is only known from dead specimens, and is a threatened bird species reported from Dalton Pass,\" he added. In August, 1929, Richard C. McGregor and Leon L. Gardner of the Cooper Ornithological Society compiled a book entitled Philippine Bird Traps. The authors described the Luzon Buttonquail as \"very rare,\" having only encountered it twice, once in August and once in September. \"They are caught with a scoop net from the back of a carabao . Filipino hunters snared them, baiting with branches of artificial red peppers made of sealing wax ,\" wrote McGregor and Leon L. Gardner. \"The various ingenious and effectual devices used by Filipinos for bird-trapping include [the] 'Teepee Trap' which consists of a conical tepee, woven of split bamboo and rattan about 3 feet high and 3 feet across at the base, with a fairly narrow entrance. 'Spring Snares ' were also used, where a slip noose fastened to a strongly bent bamboo or other elastic branch, which is released by a trigger, which is usually the perch of the trap,\" their book explained. A passage from the bird-trap book, which explains why Filipinos had eaten these endangered bird species, goes as follows: A global review of threatened species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) indicates drastic decline of animal and plant life. This includes a quarter of all mammals , one out of eight birds, one out of three amphibians and 70 percent of plants. The report, Red List of Threatened Species , is published by IUCN every year. Additionally, a global assessment of the health of the world's species is released once in four years. The data is compiled by 1,700 experts from 130 countries. The key findings of the report were announced at the World Conservation Congress held in Barcelona, Spain. The survey includes 44,838 species of wild fauna and flora , out of which 16,928 species are threatened with extinction. Among the threatened, 3,246 are tagged critically endangered, the highest category of threat. Another 4,770 species are endangered and 8,912 vulnerable to extinction. Map of the Philippines showing the location of Nueva Vizcaya. The Luzon Buttonquail (Turnix worcesteri) is a species of bird in the Turnicidae family. It is endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines, where it is known from just six localities thereof. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, in the highlands of the Cordillera Central , although records are from 150-1,250 m, and the possibility that it frequents forested (non-grassland) habitats cannot be discounted. The buttonquails or hemipodes are a small family of birds which resemble, but are unrelated to, the true quails . They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, and Australia. They are assumed to be intra-island migrants , and breed somewhere in northern Luzon in April-June and that at least some birds disperse southwards in the period July-March. Bird Trap by Bruegel d. \u00c4., Pieter These Turnicidae are small, drab, running birds, which avoid flying. The female is the more brightly coloured of the sexes, and initiates courtship. Unusually, the buttonquails are polyandrous , with the females circulating among several males and expelling rival females from her territory. Both sexes cooperate in building a nest in the earth, but only the male incubates the eggs and tends the young. Called \"Pugo\" ( quail ) by natives, these birds inhabit rice paddies and scrub lands near farm areas because of the abundance of seeds and insects that they feed on regularly. These birds are characterized by their black heads with white spots, a brown or fawn colored body and yellow legs on males and the females are brown with white and black spots. Buttonquails are a notoriously cryptic and unobtrusive family of birds, and the species could conceivably occur in reasonable numbers somewhere. They are included in the 2008 IUCN Red List Category (as evaluated by BirdLife International IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ). They are also considered as Vulnerable species by IUCN and BirdLife International, since these species is judged to have a ten percent chance of going extinct in the next one hundred years.", "after_revision": " distribution map According to , a rare Philippines feared to have gone extinct was recently documented alive by a cameraman inadvertently filming a local market, right before it was sold and headed for the cooking pot. Scientists had suspected the species\u2014listed as \"data deficient\" on the \u2014was extinct. Last month, snared and successfully caught the (Turnix worcesteri or Worcester's buttonquail) in Dalton Pass, a cold and wind-swept bird passageway in the , in , located between and mountain ranges, in Northern . British and WBCP member Desmond Allen was watching a January 26 of a documentary, Bye-Bye Birdie, when he recognized the bird in a of the that lasted less than a second. Allen created a , which was photographed by their birder-companion, Arnel Telesforo, also a WBCP member, in Nueva Vizcaya's poultry market, before it was cooked and eaten. , a Philippine news and public affairs television show aired by , had incorporated Telesforo's photographs and video footage of the live bird in the documentary, that was created by the TV crew led by Mr Howie Severino. The Philippine Network had not realized what they filmed until Allen had informed the crew of interesting discovery. Mr Severino and the crew were at that time, in Dalton Pass to film \"akik\", the traditional practice of trapping wild birds with nets by first attracting them with bright lights on moonless nights. \"I'm shocked. I don't know of any other photos of this. No bird watchers have ever given convincing reports that they have seen it at all... This is an exciting discovery,\" said Allen. In 2007, a specimen of the from the was photographed by the American in Chicago. The Luzon Buttonquail was only known through an illustration in the authoritative book by Robert S. Kennedy, et al, A Guide to the Birds of the Philippines. This birders \"bible\" includes a drawing based on the skins of dead specimens collected a century ago, whereas the otherwise comprehensive of the does not contain a single image of the Worcester's Buttonquail. \u201cWith the photograph and the promise of more sightings in the wild, we can see the living bill, the eye color, the feathers, rather than just the mushed-up museum skin,\u201d exclaimed Allen, who has been birdwatching for fifty years, fifteen in the Philippines, and has an extensive collection of bird calls on his ipod. He has also spotted the , another rare bird which he has not seen in the Philippines. \u201cWe are ecstatic that this rarely seen species was photographed by accident. It may be the only photo of this poorly known bird. But I also feel sad that the locals do not value the around them and that this bird was sold for only P10 and headed for the cooking pot,\u201d Wild Bird Club of the Philippines (WBCP) president Mike Lu said. \u201cMuch more has to be done in creating conservation awareness and local consciousness about our unique threatened bird fauna. This should be an easy task for the local governments assisted by the . What if this was the last of its species?\u201d Lu added. According to the WBCP, the Worcester\u2019s buttonquail was first described based on specimens bought in Quinta Market in , in 1902, and was named after Dean Conant Worcester. Since then just a few single specimens have been photographed and filmed from Nueva Vizcaya and , and lately, in 2007, from by the in Chicago, Illinois. , D.Sc., F.R.G.S. was an American , public official, and authority on the Philippines, born at , Vermont, and educated at the (A.B., 1889). From 1899 to 1901 he was a member of the United States ; thenceforth until 1913 he served as secretary of the interior for the . In 1910, he founded the , which has become the hospital for the poor and the sick. In October, 2004, at the request of Mr Moises Butic, CENR Officer, Mr Jon Hornbuckle, of Grove Road, , has conducted a short investigation into in , Mount Polis, and Dalton Pass, in Nueva Vizcaya. \"Prices ranged from 100 for a to 300 pesos for a . Other species that are caught from time to time include and ; on one occasion, around 50 of the latter were trapped! All other trapped birds are eaten,\" said Hornbuckle. \"The main trapping season is November to February. Birds are caught at the lights using type nets. Quails and Buttonquails were more often shot in the fields at this time, rather than caught, and occasionally included the rare Luzon (Worcester\u2019s) Buttonquail, which is only known from dead specimens, and is a threatened bird species reported from Dalton Pass,\" he added. In August, 1929, Richard C. McGregor and Leon L. Gardner of the compiled a book entitled Philippine Bird Traps. The authors described the Luzon Buttonquail as \"very rare,\" having only encountered it twice, once in August and once in September. \"They are caught with a scoop net from the back of a . Filipino hunters snared them, baiting with branches of artificial red peppers made of ,\" wrote McGregor and Leon L. Gardner. \"The various ingenious and effectual devices used by Filipinos for bird-trapping include [the] 'Teepee Trap' which consists of a conical tepee, woven of split and about 3 feet high and 3 feet across at the base, with a fairly narrow entrance. 'Spring ' were also used, where a slip noose fastened to a strongly bent bamboo or other elastic branch, which is released by a trigger, which is usually the perch of the trap,\" their book explained. A passage from the bird-trap book, which explains why had eaten these endangered bird species, goes as follows: A global review of threatened species by the (IUCN) indicates drastic decline of animal and plant life. This includes a quarter of all , one out of eight birds, one out of three and 70 percent of plants. The report, , is published by IUCN every year. Additionally, a global assessment of the health of the world's species is released once in four years. The data is compiled by 1,700 experts from 130 countries. The key findings of the report were announced at the World Conservation Congress held in Barcelona, Spain. The survey includes 44,838 species of wild and , out of which 16,928 species are threatened with extinction. Among the threatened, 3,246 are tagged critically endangered, the highest category of threat. Another 4,770 species are endangered and 8,912 vulnerable to extinction. Map of the Philippines showing the location of Nueva Vizcaya. The Luzon Buttonquail (Turnix worcesteri) is a species of bird in the family. It is to the island of in the Philippines, where it is known from just six localities thereof. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, in the highlands of the , although records are from 150-1,250 m, and the possibility that it frequents forested (non-grassland) habitats cannot be discounted. The or hemipodes are a small family of birds which resemble, but are unrelated to, the true . They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, and Australia. They are assumed to be , and breed somewhere in northern Luzon in April-June and that at least some birds disperse southwards in the period July-March. by Bruegel d. \u00c4., Pieter These Turnicidae are small, drab, running birds, which avoid flying. The female is the more brightly coloured of the sexes, and initiates courtship. Unusually, the buttonquails are , with the females circulating among several males and expelling rival females from her territory. Both sexes cooperate in building a nest in the earth, but only the male the eggs and tends the young. Called \"Pugo\" ( ) by natives, these birds inhabit rice paddies and scrub lands near farm areas because of the abundance of seeds and insects that they feed on regularly. These birds are characterized by their black heads with white spots, a brown or fawn colored body and yellow legs on males and the females are brown with white and black spots. Buttonquails are a notoriously and unobtrusive family of birds, and the species could conceivably occur in reasonable numbers somewhere. They are included in the (as evaluated by IUCN Red List of ). 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The Philippine Department of Agriculture (DA), local health and agricultural teams Sunday have started slaughtering, burning and burying roughly 6,500 hogs at a farm in Pandi, Bulacan in Central Luzon on Sunday after three farm workers became infected with Reston ebolavirus (ERV) of the virus group Ebola , as a precautionary measure and to protect the local livestock industry. But according to Dr. Eric Tayag, the 56-man team's five captive bolts used in stunning the pigs malfunctioned, for which reason, they decided use instead .32 caliber pistols . \"We need to finish this off because sometimes it rains,\" he said. But due to other problems, 12 policemen were ordered to use instead .22 caliber guns for 80-120 kilograms pigs. The pig depopulation in the Pandi farm has reached 1,237 Tuesday amid strong rains as schedules have been set from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m. and from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m. daily, Cecilia Yacob, head of the Bulacan Provincial Public Affairs Office, said. Monday's culling was witnessed by representatives from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), animal welfare observers, Bulacan Gov. Joselito Mendoza and Pandi Mayor Roberto Oca. The slaughter has been estimated to cost 16 million Philippine pesos (\u20b1), which include hog farm owners' compensation and the cost of culling for five to seven days. A polymerase chain reaction test to check the virus' presence was conducted by the United States Centers for Disease Control (US-CDC) to verify ongoing transmission. \"Of 160 pig blood samples that were positive for antibodies, 133 came from Bulacan and 27 from Pangasinan as reported by RITM. Those from Bulacan were traced to pigs at different age groups while those in Pangasinan were found in sows and just one piglet. This means that there is on going viral transmission in Bulacan but past infection with recovery was the case in Pangasinan,\u201d Yap explained. The agriculture officials earlier announced that the depopulation will be carried out in a \"humane\" manner, following current Office international des \u00e9pizooties (OIE) procedures that ensure protection of animal welfare in the Bulacan farm. According to Philippine Department of Health (DOH) Secretary Francisco Duque , the quarantine of the hog farm in Palauig, Manaoag, Pangasinan has been lifted after finding no traces of viral transmission. According to Yap, test results conducted by a joint mission of FAO, the World Animal Health Organization , WHO and their local counterparts, reveal that viral transmission continues to exist in Pandi hog farms, which is only 0.5\\% of the 13 million pigs raised throughout the country. DOH officials also say a pig farm worker in Cabanatuan City in Nueva Ecija , who had no direct contact with sick hogs, has tested positive for Immunoglobulin G antibodies against the Reston ebolavirus, which is non-lethal, unlike the Za\u00efre, Bundibugyo, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire and Sudan strains, according to FAO. \"Ebola Reston poses a low risk to human health at this time,\" said DOH Secretary Dr. Duque. \"147 human samples have been tested for Ebola, but only six have tested positive. But stay away from kilawin , and half-cooked pork,\" he added. The laboratory tests of 147 blood samples from workers in the affected areas were conducted by the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) and the US-CDC. RITM has also reported that \"1039 pig blood samples collected by the expert mission yielded negative results on antigen tests ,\" the DOH said. Both the DA and DOH officials have decided to expand the scope of the testing for the Reston ebolavirus by inspecting and monitoring hog farms in the whole of Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Southern Luzon and Pangasinan province after the culling of the 6,500 pigs. \"In six months we might be finished testing Regions 3 and 4 depending on the assurance of the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention [in Atlanta, Georgia, USA] to give test kits. In Region 3 alone, the government would need to test farms in 566 villages that would require around 36,000 kits, but the country only has 10,000 kits\" Mr. Catbagan said. \"The expanded tests will cover the provinces of Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales in Central Luzon, and Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon in Calabarzon,\" Mr. Catbagan added. Mr. Catbagan has assured infected hog farm owners in Pandi they would be properly indemnified after the country's first large-scale animal depopulation process. \"We are finalizing the indemnification contract. But we will make sure the indemnification would not be open to abuse,\" he said. Fatteners and piglets cost an average of \u20b13,000-4,000 per head, boars cost \u20b125,000-30,000, and sows cost \u20b114,000-15,000. Intensively farmed pigs in batch pens Juan Lubroth, senior officer of the Infectious Disease Group of FAO\u2019s Animal Health Service, has arrived on Wednesday to discuss in detail with government officials how the agency can support in the wider surveillance. The DA and DOH officials and other government agencies met last Thursday to discuss and finalize the procedure in the burning of 6,500 pigs in Pandi, Bulacan. \"The Bureau of Animal Industry and the provincial government of Bulacan, experts carrying out the \u20b1500,000 five-day depopulation would observe three guidelines, namely: the main disposal, water safety, and environment protection. The depopulation process will involve stunning the pigs unconscious, burning them in a 6-foot deep pit, then burying them at the site. We want to make sure that our means would not violate the Animal Welfare Act. We are also ensuring that there would be no seepage,\" Governor Mendoza explained. \"Local authorities have decided to use electric prods and a \u20b170,000 captive bolt pistol with a blunt rod to stun the 6,000 pigs in Pandi, prior to slaughter burning using rice hulls before burying them in a pit dug inside the hog farm,\" said Dr. Davinio Catbagan. \"About 40 health workers \u2014 clad in special hog mask suits and are tasked to facilitate the depopulation \u2014 would then dump the pigs into 10 30x30-foot pits that can accommodate 600 pigs each. The pits are located some 30 feet from the infected pig farm,\" said Mr Eric Tayag, head of the National Epidemiology Centre. \"The cull could take up to seven days to complete,\" Mr Tayag added. A truckload of disinfectants was prepared amid rice husks to be used in the burning. Meanwhile, at the 18th hog farmers convention, which was launched on Monday at Club Filipino , the president of the National Federation of Hog Farmers, Albert R. T. Lim, Jr., said hog farmers have feared the effects of Reston ebolavirus virus on industry, since hog exports were banned due to the outbreak. \"We are also apprehensive that if we keep on talking about this thing, some people might just misconstrue or misunderstand what they are talking about and people might get scared,\" Lim said. The government has spent about \u20b110 million to maintain the two quarantined hog farms in Bulacan and Pangasinan. \"Anyway, we always have our hog producers in Mindanao to supply Luzon if necessary. I am more concerned about our exports although the Ebola scare also somewhat affected local demand,\" Lim said. Amid the nationwide ERV scare and probe, local authorities have seized more than 200 kilograms of rotten pork meat at a local market in Pasay City Wednesday. Barangay officials in Maricaban district have intercepted the banned \u2018hot meat\u2019 and arrested Roberto Clet and Rafael Fruelda, who were indicted under the \"Consumer Act of the Philippines.\" The statute punishes the illegal sale of unsafe products like double-dead meat with penalty of \u20b11,000 to \u20b110,000 and not less than six-months but not more than five years of imprisonment. Transmission electron micrograph of the Ebola virus. Local police has also arrested four vendors and seized their 3,000 kilos of \"botcha\" (rotten pork meat or \"double dead meat\") at MC Market in Balintawak, Quezon City Wednesday evening, and allegedly delivered from Bulacan. The four suspects were charged for violation of the Consumer Act of the Philippines and Republic Act 9296 or the Meat Inspection Code. In December, international experts initially probed outbreak among Philippine pigs, wherein about 6,000 pigs at Pandi and Talavera farms were tested for the Reston ebolavirus. \"There is no salmonella outbreak in Eastern Visayas , Region 8, said Dr. Archie Lluz, Chief of Regional Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture in the region. But hog specimens from Leyte and Babatngon , where 270 swine deaths and cases of sick pigs were reported, were examined by lab tests. The results revealed cutaneous \"Pasteurella hemolytica\" , a type of bacterial infection which causes swine deaths due to loss of appetite, dehydration, fever and diarrhea. According to the DA, sick pigs had been culled from Babatngon, Tacloban City, Alangalang, Santa Fe, Palo, Pastrana, Dagami, Burauen, Tabontabon, Lapaz, Mayorga, and Abuyog in Leyte ; Sogod in Southern Leyte ; Catbalogan, Calbiga, Daram, and Santa Rita in Samar ; and Lope de Vega in Northern Samar . Swine infections have spread to 18 towns and one city in Eastern Visayas . The Reston ebolavirus is suspected to be a subtype of the Ebola virus or a new filovirus of Asian origin. It was first discovered in crab-eating macaques from the Philippines at a laboratory in Reston , Virginia. The same lab then recorded an outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever among monkeys imported from the Philippines in 1990. The Reston ebolavirus strain was discovered among monkeys in the Philippines in 1996, and in Italy in 1992. In January 1997, the Philippines Department of Environment and Natural Resources ordered the immediate slaughter of some 600 monkeys in Ferlite, a breeding farm in Laguna , to prevent an outbreak of Reston ebolavirus.", "after_revision": "Transmission electron micrograph of the Ebola virus. The Philippine (DA), local health and agricultural teams Sunday have started roughly 6,500 hogs at a farm in , in on Sunday after three farm workers became infected with (ERV) of the virus group , as a precautionary measure and to protect the local livestock industry. But according to Dr. Eric Tayag, the 56-man team's five captive bolts used in stunning the pigs malfunctioned, for which reason, they decided use instead . \"We need to finish this off because sometimes it rains,\" he said. But due to other problems, 12 policemen were ordered to use instead guns for 80-120 kilograms pigs. The pig depopulation in the Pandi farm has reached 1,237 Tuesday amid strong rains as schedules have been set from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m. and from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m. daily, Cecilia Yacob, head of the Bulacan Provincial Public Affairs Office, said. Monday's culling was witnessed by representatives from the (FAO), the (WHO), animal welfare observers, Bulacan Gov. Joselito Mendoza and Pandi Mayor Roberto Oca. The slaughter has been estimated to cost 16 million (\u20b1), which include hog farm owners' compensation and the cost of culling for five to seven days. A test to check the virus' presence was conducted by the (US-CDC) to verify ongoing transmission. \"Of 160 pig blood samples that were positive for antibodies, 133 came from Bulacan and 27 from Pangasinan as reported by RITM. Those from Bulacan were traced to pigs at different age groups while those in Pangasinan were found in sows and just one piglet. This means that there is on going viral transmission in Bulacan but past infection with recovery was the case in Pangasinan,\u201d Yap explained. The agriculture officials earlier announced that the will be carried out in a \"humane\" manner, following current (OIE) procedures that ensure protection of animal welfare in the Bulacan farm. According to (DOH) Secretary , the quarantine of the hog farm in Palauig, has been lifted after finding no traces of viral transmission. According to Yap, test results conducted by a joint mission of FAO, the , WHO and their local counterparts, reveal that viral transmission continues to exist in Pandi hog farms, which is only 0.5\\% of the 13 million pigs raised throughout the country. DOH officials also say a pig farm worker in in , who had no direct contact with sick hogs, has tested positive for against the Reston ebolavirus, which is non-lethal, unlike the , , and strains, according to FAO. \"Ebola Reston poses a low risk to human health at this time,\" said DOH Secretary Dr. Duque. \"147 human samples have been tested for Ebola, but only six have tested positive. But stay away from , and half-cooked pork,\" he added. The laboratory tests of 147 blood samples from workers in the affected areas were conducted by the (RITM) and the US-CDC. RITM has also reported that \"1039 pig blood samples collected by the expert mission yielded negative results on ,\" the DOH said. Both the DA and DOH officials have decided to expand the scope of the testing for the Reston ebolavirus by inspecting and monitoring hog farms in the whole of , , and province after the culling of the 6,500 pigs. \"In six months we might be finished testing Regions 3 and 4 depending on the assurance of the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention [in , USA] to give test kits. In Region 3 alone, the government would need to test farms in 566 villages that would require around 36,000 kits, but the country only has 10,000 kits\" Mr. Catbagan said. \"The expanded tests will cover the provinces of Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales in Central Luzon, and Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon in Calabarzon,\" Mr. Catbagan added. Mr. Catbagan has assured infected hog farm owners in Pandi they would be properly indemnified after the country's first large-scale animal depopulation process. \"We are finalizing the indemnification contract. But we will make sure the indemnification would not be open to abuse,\" he said. Fatteners and piglets cost an average of \u20b13,000-4,000 per head, boars cost \u20b125,000-30,000, and sows cost \u20b114,000-15,000. in batch pens Juan Lubroth, senior officer of the Group of FAO\u2019s Animal Health Service, has arrived on Wednesday to discuss in detail with government officials how the agency can support in the wider surveillance. The DA and DOH officials and other government agencies met last Thursday to discuss and finalize the procedure in the burning of 6,500 pigs in Pandi, Bulacan. \"The Bureau of Animal Industry and the provincial government of Bulacan, experts carrying out the \u20b1500,000 five-day depopulation would observe three guidelines, namely: the main disposal, water safety, and environment protection. The depopulation process will involve the pigs unconscious, burning them in a 6-foot deep pit, then burying them at the site. We want to make sure that our means would not violate the Animal Welfare Act. We are also ensuring that there would be no seepage,\" Governor Mendoza explained. \"Local authorities have decided to use and a \u20b170,000 with a blunt rod to the 6,000 pigs in Pandi, prior to burning using rice hulls before burying them in a pit dug inside the hog farm,\" said Dr. Davinio Catbagan. \"About 40 health workers \u2014 clad in special hog mask suits and are tasked to facilitate the depopulation \u2014 would then dump the pigs into 10 30x30-foot pits that can accommodate 600 pigs each. The pits are located some 30 feet from the infected pig farm,\" said Mr Eric Tayag, head of the National Epidemiology Centre. \"The cull could take up to seven days to complete,\" Mr Tayag added. A truckload of disinfectants was prepared amid to be used in the burning. Meanwhile, at the 18th hog farmers convention, which was launched on Monday at , the president of the National Federation of Hog Farmers, Albert R. T. Lim, Jr., said hog farmers have feared the effects of Reston ebolavirus virus on industry, since hog exports were banned due to the outbreak. \"We are also apprehensive that if we keep on talking about this thing, some people might just misconstrue or misunderstand what they are talking about and people might get scared,\" Lim said. The government has spent about \u20b110 million to maintain the two hog farms in Bulacan and Pangasinan. \"Anyway, we always have our hog producers in Mindanao to supply Luzon if necessary. I am more concerned about our exports although the Ebola scare also somewhat affected local demand,\" Lim said. Amid the nationwide ERV scare and probe, local authorities have seized more than 200 of rotten pork meat at a local market in Wednesday. officials in Maricaban district have intercepted the banned \u2018hot meat\u2019 and arrested Roberto Clet and Rafael Fruelda, who were indicted under the \"Consumer Act of the Philippines.\" The statute punishes the illegal sale of unsafe products like double-dead meat with penalty of \u20b11,000 to \u20b110,000 and not less than six-months but not more than five years of imprisonment. Transmission electron micrograph of the Ebola virus. Local police has also arrested four vendors and seized their 3,000 kilos of \"botcha\" (rotten pork meat or \"double dead meat\") at MC Market in , Wednesday evening, and allegedly delivered from Bulacan. The four suspects were charged for violation of the Consumer Act of the Philippines and Republic Act 9296 or the Meat Inspection Code. In December, international experts initially probed outbreak among Philippine pigs, wherein about 6,000 pigs at Pandi and farms were tested for the Reston ebolavirus. \"There is no outbreak in , Region 8, said Dr. Archie Lluz, Chief of Regional Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture in the region. But hog specimens from and , where 270 swine deaths and cases of sick pigs were reported, were examined by lab tests. The results revealed cutaneous , a type of bacterial infection which causes swine deaths due to loss of appetite, dehydration, fever and diarrhea. According to the DA, sick pigs had been culled from Babatngon, Tacloban City, Alangalang, Santa Fe, Palo, Pastrana, Dagami, Burauen, Tabontabon, Lapaz, Mayorga, and Abuyog in ; Sogod in ; Catbalogan, Calbiga, Daram, and Santa Rita in ; and Lope de Vega in . Swine infections have spread to 18 towns and one city in . The Reston ebolavirus is suspected to be a subtype of the Ebola virus or a new filovirus of Asian origin. It was first discovered in from the Philippines at a laboratory in , Virginia. The same lab then recorded an outbreak of among monkeys imported from the Philippines in 1990. The Reston ebolavirus strain was discovered among monkeys in the Philippines in 1996, and in Italy in 1992. 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FSV Mainz 05 , of the Second Bundesliga , have reached the semi-finals of the DFB Pokal , Germany's equivalent of the FA Cup , for the first time in their history. They defeated Bundesliga side FC Schalke 04 by 1 - 0 on a goal from Aristide Banc\u00e9 in the 88th minute. For Schalke, it was just another disappointment in an already dismal season; being elminiated from the Cup means they must improve their current Bundesliga standing to fifth - it was eighth place at the conclusion of the 22nd Matchday - to have any chance to appear in the UEFA Europa League. Mainz got started just after the first whistle, when Markus Feulner had a shot from the left side blocked by Jefferson Farf\u00e1n after eight minutes. However, Schalke began to dominate after the half-hour mark. A shot from Heiko Westermann sailed just wide of the goal in the thirty-second, and a corner kick from Mladen Kristaljic richocheted off the crossbar eight minutes later. Schalke manager Andreas M\u00fcller was unhappy with his team's effort in the first half, however, saying \"We don't have enough power to penetrate towards the front.\" Striker Kevin Kur\u00e1nyi was replaced by Halil Altintop at the break. An opportunity for Mainz in the sixty-eighth was stopped by keeper Manuel Neuer after an unsuccessful rescue attempt by Ivan Rakitic. Altintop had a shot fly inches wide of the post in the seventy-first. Schalke nearly gave up a penalty in the eighty-second as Rafinha made a hard and controversial tackle on Sr\u0111an Baljak , but referee Felix Brych allowed play to continue. Finally, in the eighty-eighth, Aristide Banc\u00e9 converted off of a long indirect free kick to put Mainz through to the semi-finals.", "after_revision": "German side , of the , have reached the semi-finals of the , Germany's equivalent of the , for the first time in their history. They defeated Bundesliga side by 1 - 0 on a goal from in the 88th minute. For Schalke, it was just another disappointment in an already dismal season; being elminiated from the Cup means they must improve their current Bundesliga standing to fifth - it was eighth place at the conclusion of the 22nd Matchday - to have any chance to appear in the UEFA Europa League. Mainz got started just after the first whistle, when had a shot from the left side blocked by after eight minutes. However, Schalke began to dominate after the half-hour mark. A shot from sailed just wide of the goal in the thirty-second, and a corner kick from richocheted off the crossbar eight minutes later. Schalke manager was unhappy with his team's effort in the first half, however, saying \"We don't have enough power to penetrate towards the front.\" Striker was replaced by at the break. An opportunity for Mainz in the sixty-eighth was stopped by keeper after an unsuccessful rescue attempt by Ivan Rakitic. Altintop had a shot fly inches wide of the post in the seventy-first. Schalke nearly gave up a penalty in the eighty-second as made a hard and controversial tackle on , but referee Felix Brych allowed play to continue. Finally, in the eighty-eighth, Aristide Banc\u00e9 converted off of a long indirect free kick to put Mainz through to the semi-finals.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "1. 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Alongside with the election, the citizens of the province will also be debating if they should change their electoral system from Single Member Plurality to Single Transferable Vote (STV). The vote for both the election and the referendum is to be held on May 12th. Gordon Campbell, Premier of British Columbia According to the Angus Reid Strategies online poll, the issues before the candidates this year are the economy, crime and public safety, and health care. Gordon Campbell is the current Premier of British Columbia, and leader of the Liberal Party . Three new tax measures have been proposed, increasing apprenticeship training tax credits, reducing small business income tax, and raising the revenue definition for small business. \"Keep B.C. Strong\" is the Liberal slogan. The New Democratic Party (NDP) leader Carole James is focusing her election platform on supporting a green economy, eliminating the carbon tax, offering families tax relief, freezing post-secondary tuition, raising the minimum wage, and providing a small business tax holiday. The NDP slogan is \"Take back your B.C.\" The Green Party led by Jane Sterk , is focused on environmental issues, crime and police, and a 'green economy'. The Green Party is in support of the carbon tax and will be campaigning in favour of the new STV voting system that is being proposed again. The Green Party slogan is \"A better plan for B.C.\" Carole James, Leader of the New Democratic Party Wilf Hanni is at the helm of the Conservative Party which opposes the Recognition and Reconciliation Act, privatization of BC Hydro Bill 42 'gag law', and the carbon tax. They propose to reduce senior civil employee pay scale, as well as personal and corporate income tax. Other parties running candidates are the Democratic Reform under Graeme Roger, the Marijuana Party under Marc Emery, the Work Less Party under Conrad Schmidt, the Refederation Party under Mike Summers, the Sex Party under John Ince and the Communist Party under George Gidora . For 60 days before the election, each party may campaign with an allowable CA$1.1 million, in the final 28 days, $4.4 millionmay be spent. $70,000 is allowed by candidates before the writ is dropped, and another $ 70, 000 in the midst of campaigning. The referendum will allow BC voters to choose between two voting systems. The Single Member Plurality system is the current system in all Canadian provinces, and is also used to elect Members of Parliament in Ottawa. The other system is BC-STV,which would replace 85 single-member ridings with 20 larger ridings in which between two and seven Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) would be elected. The total number of MLAs will not change. Voters would rank the candidates in order of preference, as many or as few as they wish. When the results are tallied, votes are transferred to the next preference on the ballot when the first preference has been elected or eliminated. The system is designed to ensure that every vote helps to elect someone, every vote counts as fully as possible, and every voter is represented by a candidate they voted for, as nearly as mathematically possible.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Previous elections held under the current Single Member Plurality (also known as First Past The Post) system led to odd results in certain elections, such as the 2001 election where the winning party obtained 77 of the 79 seats of the legislature with just 58\\% of the vote, and the 1996 election, in which the party with the most votes failed to win the election. The recommendation to switch to STV was made by the British Columbia Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform, a group formed in 2004 of randomly selected citizens. They spent a year learning about voting systems around the world and consulting with BC citizens. It's the fourth referendum in the country and the second in the province within the last 4 years. The previous referendum held in 2005 also voted on these same electoral systems and came within 2.3\\% of the 60\\% threshold. In order for the referendum to be binding, BC-STV will again need 60\\% of the popular vote and 50\\% of votes in 51 of the 85 ridings in BC. If the change is approved, it will be the first province in the country to adopt reform of the electoral system in recent history.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Fair Voting BC, recognized as the official proponent group, argues that STV will lead to fairer election results, effective local representation and greater voter choice. They argue that BC-STV will give voters the power to hold politicians and political parties accountable, by giving every voter a vote that actually makes a difference. If the STV system is approved, then it will be put into use for the first time for the 2013 provincial election. The recognized opponent group is the No STV Campaign Society. Their arguments are that STV will give larger ridings, voters would be unsure of whom their MLA would be, there would be unequal geographic representation, that the counting method is too complicated, the electoral system results are unverified in practical usage, the system results in a higher probability of minority governments and the subsequent coalition of parties. They also argue that other countries who use systems similar to STV have had problems with their election results. 500,000 in public funding has been given to both the proponents and the opponents of the referendum. ", "after_revision": "The provincial election was called today in British Columbia. Alongside with the election, the citizens of the province will also be debating if they should change their electoral system from to (STV). The vote for both the election and the referendum is to be held on May 12th. , of British Columbia According to the online poll, the issues before the candidates this year are the economy, crime and public safety, and health care. is the current of British Columbia, and leader of the . Three new tax measures have been proposed, increasing apprenticeship training tax credits, reducing small business income tax, and raising the revenue definition for small business. \"Keep B.C. Strong\" is the Liberal slogan. The (NDP) leader is focusing her election platform on supporting a green economy, eliminating the carbon tax, offering families tax relief, freezing post-secondary tuition, raising the minimum wage, and providing a small business tax holiday. The NDP slogan is \"Take back your B.C.\" The , led by , is focused on environmental issues, crime and police, and a 'green economy'. The Green Party is in support of the carbon tax and will be campaigning in favour of the new STV voting system that is being proposed again. The Green Party slogan is \"A better plan for B.C.\" is at the helm of the which opposes the Recognition and Reconciliation Act, privatization of BC Hydro Bill 42 'gag law', and the carbon tax. They propose to reduce senior civil employee pay scale, as well as personal and corporate income tax. Other parties running candidates are the under , the under , the under , the under , the under , and the under . For 60 days before the election, each party may campaign with an allowable 1.1 million, in the final 28 days, $4.4 million may be spent. $ 70, %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 000 is allowed by candidates before the writ is dropped, and another $70,000 in the midst of campaigning. The referendum will allow BC voters to choose between two voting systems. The system is the current system in all Canadian provinces, and is also used to elect in . The other system is , which would replace 85 single-member ridings with 20 larger ridings in which between two and seven (MLA) would be elected. The total number of MLAs will not change. Voters would rank the candidates in order of preference, as many or as few as they wish. When the results are tallied, votes are transferred to the next preference on the ballot when the first preference has been elected or eliminated. The system is designed to ensure that every vote helps to elect someone, every vote counts as fully as possible, and every voter is represented by a candidate they voted for, as nearly as mathematically possible. Previous elections held under the current Single Member Plurality (also known as First Past The Post) system led to in certain elections, such as the where the winning party obtained 77 of the 79 seats of the legislature with just 58\\% of the vote, and the , in which the party with the most votes failed to win the election. The recommendation to switch to STV was made by the , a group formed in 2004 of randomly selected citizens. They spent a year learning about voting systems around the world and consulting with BC citizens. It's the fourth referendum in the country and the second in the province within the last 4 years. The held in 2005 also voted on these same electoral systems and came within 2.3\\% of the 60\\% threshold. In order for the referendum to be binding, BC-STV will again need 60\\% of the popular vote and 50\\% of votes in 51 of the 85 ridings in BC. If the change is approved, it will be the first province in the country to adopt of the electoral system in recent history. Fair Voting BC, recognized as the official proponent group, argues that STV will lead to fairer election results, effective local representation and greater voter choice. They argue that BC-STV will give voters the power to hold politicians and political parties accountable, by giving every voter a vote that actually makes a difference. If the STV system is approved, then it will be put into use for the first time for the 2013 provincial election. The recognized opponent group is the No STV Campaign Society. Their arguments are that STV will give larger ridings, voters would be unsure of whom their MLA would be, there would be unequal geographic representation, that the counting method is too complicated, the electoral system results are unverified in practical usage, the system results in a higher probability of minority governments and the subsequent coalition of parties. They also argue that other countries who use systems similar to STV have had problems with their election results. $ 500,000 in public funding has been given to both the proponents and the opponents of the referendum. Sister links", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Single Member Plurality to Single Transferable Vote", "after": "to", "start_char_pos": 192, "end_char_pos": 243}, {"type": "R", "before": "Gordon Campbell, Premier", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 328, "end_char_pos": 352}, {"type": "D", "before": "Angus Reid Strategies", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 390, "end_char_pos": 411}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gordon Campbell", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 527, "end_char_pos": 542}, {"type": "D", "before": "Premier", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 558, "end_char_pos": 565}, {"type": "D", "before": "Liberal Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 605, "end_char_pos": 618}, {"type": "D", "before": "New Democratic Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 849, "end_char_pos": 869}, {"type": "D", "before": "Carole James", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 883, "end_char_pos": 895}, {"type": "R", "before": "Green Party led by Jane Sterk", "after": ", led by", "start_char_pos": 1166, "end_char_pos": 1195}, {"type": "D", "before": "Carole James, Leader of the New Democratic Party Wilf Hanni", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1467, "end_char_pos": 1526}, {"type": "D", "before": "Conservative Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1549, "end_char_pos": 1567}, {"type": "R", "before": "Democratic Reform under Graeme Roger, the Marijuana Party under Marc Emery, the Work Less Party under Conrad Schmidt, the Refederation Party under Mike Summers, the Sex Party under John Ince and the Communist Party under George Gidora", "after": "under , the under , the under , the under , the under , and the under", "start_char_pos": 1830, "end_char_pos": 2064}, {"type": "R", "before": "CA$1.1 million, in the final 28 days, $4.4 millionmay be spent. $70,000 is allowed by candidates before the writ is dropped, and another $", "after": "1.1 million, in the final 28 days, $4.4 million may be spent. $", "start_char_pos": 2142, "end_char_pos": 2280}, {"type": "D", "before": "000 in the midst of campaigning.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2285, "end_char_pos": 2317}, {"type": "D", "before": "The referendum will allow BC voters to choose between two voting systems. The Single Member Plurality system is the current system in all Canadian provinces, and is also used to elect Members of Parliament in Ottawa. The other system is BC-STV,which would replace 85 single-member ridings with 20 larger ridings in which between two and seven Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) would be elected. The total number of MLAs will not change. Voters would rank the candidates in order of preference, as many or as few as they wish. When the results are tallied, votes are transferred to the next preference on the ballot when the first preference has been elected or eliminated. The system is designed to ensure that every vote helps to elect someone, every vote counts as fully as possible, and every voter is represented by a candidate they voted for, as nearly as mathematically possible.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2318, "end_char_pos": 3211}, {"type": "D", "before": "Previous elections held under the current Single Member Plurality (also known as First Past The Post) system led to odd results in certain elections, such as the 2001 election where the winning party obtained 77 of the 79 seats of the legislature with just 58\\% of the vote, and the 1996 election, in which the party with the most votes failed to win the election. The recommendation to switch to STV was made by the British Columbia Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform, a group formed in 2004 of randomly selected citizens. They spent a year learning about voting systems around the world and consulting with BC citizens.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3241, "end_char_pos": 3866}, {"type": "D", "before": "It's the fourth referendum in the country and the second in the province within the last 4 years. The previous referendum held in 2005 also voted on these same electoral systems and came within 2.3\\% of the 60\\% threshold. In order for the referendum to be binding, BC-STV will again need 60\\% of the popular vote and 50\\% of votes in 51 of the 85 ridings in BC. If the change is approved, it will be the first province in the country to adopt reform of the electoral system in recent history.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3867, "end_char_pos": 4360}, {"type": "D", "before": "Fair Voting BC, recognized as the official proponent group, argues that STV will lead to fairer election results, effective local representation and greater voter choice. They argue that BC-STV will give voters the power to hold politicians and political parties accountable, by giving every voter a vote that actually makes a difference. If the STV system is approved, then it will be put into use for the first time for the 2013 provincial election.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4390, "end_char_pos": 4841}, {"type": "R", "before": "The recognized opponent group is the No STV Campaign Society. Their arguments are that STV will give larger ridings, voters would be unsure of whom their MLA would be, there would be unequal geographic representation, that the counting method is too complicated, the electoral system results are unverified in practical usage, the system results in a higher probability of minority governments and the subsequent coalition of parties. They also argue that other countries who use systems similar to STV have had problems with their election results.", "after": "000 is allowed by candidates before the writ is dropped, and another $70,000 in the midst of campaigning. The referendum will allow BC voters to choose between two voting systems. The system is the current system in all Canadian provinces, and is also used to elect in . The other system is , which would replace 85 single-member ridings with 20 larger ridings in which between two and seven (MLA) would be elected. The total number of MLAs will not change. Voters would rank the candidates in order of preference, as many or as few as they wish. When the results are tallied, votes are transferred to the next preference on the ballot when the first preference has been elected or eliminated. The system is designed to ensure that every vote helps to elect someone, every vote counts as fully as possible, and every voter is represented by a candidate they voted for, as nearly as mathematically possible. Previous elections held under the current Single Member Plurality (also known as First Past The Post) system led to in certain elections, such as the where the winning party obtained 77 of the 79 seats of the legislature with just 58\\% of the vote, and the , in which the party with the most votes failed to win the election. The recommendation to switch to STV was made by the , a group formed in 2004 of randomly selected citizens. They spent a year learning about voting systems around the world and consulting with BC citizens. It's the fourth referendum in the country and the second in the province within the last 4 years. The held in 2005 also voted on these same electoral systems and came within 2.3\\% of the 60\\% threshold. In order for the referendum to be binding, BC-STV will again need 60\\% of the popular vote and 50\\% of votes in 51 of the 85 ridings in BC. If the change is approved, it will be the first province in the country to adopt of the electoral system in recent history. Fair Voting BC, recognized as the official proponent group, argues that STV will lead to fairer election results, effective local representation and greater voter choice. They argue that BC-STV will give voters the power to hold politicians and political parties accountable, by giving every voter a vote that actually makes a difference. If the STV system is approved, then it will be put into use for the first time for the 2013 provincial election. The recognized opponent group is the No STV Campaign Society. Their arguments are that STV will give larger ridings, voters would be unsure of whom their MLA would be, there would be unequal geographic representation, that the counting method is too complicated, the electoral system results are unverified in practical usage, the system results in a higher probability of minority governments and the subsequent coalition of parties. They also argue that other countries who use systems similar to STV have had problems with their election results. $", "start_char_pos": 4842, "end_char_pos": 5391}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Sister links", "start_char_pos": 5493, "end_char_pos": 5493}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 61, 250, 327, 526, 620, 802, 844, 1121, 1274, 1415, 1686, 1788, 2066, 2317, 2391, 2534, 2720, 2762, 2851, 2998, 3211, 3605, 3768, 3866, 3964, 4089, 4229, 4360, 4560, 4728, 4841, 4903, 5276, 5391]} {"doc_id": "124562", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Riots in the capital of MoldovaProtests which began Monday escalated to a riot on Wednesday consisting of over 10,000 people in Chi\u015fin\u0103u , the capital of Moldova, protesting the results of Sunday's 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election , which showed an apparent, narrow victory for the Communist Party (Partidul Comuni\u015ftilor din Republica Moldova, PCRM). Demonstrators claim the victory was the result of electoral fraud. The demonstration escalated to a \u201c flash mob \u201d of between 10,000 to 15,000 communicating via online tools like email, micro-blogging tool Twitter , and social-networking website Facebook . \"We sent messages on Twitter but didn't expect 15,000 people to join in. At the most we expected 1,000\", said Oleg Brega of the activist group Hyde Park. President Voronin President Vladimir Voronin has expelled the Romanian ambassador from Moldova, blaming Romania for the violent protests. \"We know that certain political forces in Romania are behind this unrest. The Romanian flags fixed on the government buildings in Chisinau attest to this\" said Voronin. \u201cRomania is involved in everything that has happened.\u201c Voronin also blamed the protests on opposition leaders who used violence to seize power, and has described the event as a coup d'\u00e9tat . Protesters initially insisted on a recount of the election results and are now calling for a new vote, which has been rejected by the government. Rioters were also demanding unification between Moldova and Romania . \u201cIn the air, there was a strong expectation of change, but that did not happen\u201d, said OSCE spokesman Matti Sidoroff. Dorin Chirtoac\u0103 \"The elections were fraudulent, there was multiple voting\" accused Chi\u015fin\u0103u mayor Dorin Chirtoac\u0103 of the Liberal Party . \u201cIt's impossible that every second person in Moldova voted for the Communists. However, we believe the riots were a provocation and we are now trying to reconcile the crowd. Leaders of all opposition parties are at the scene,\u201d said Larissa Manole of the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova . The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) proclaimed the PCRM to have won 61 seats in initial counts, enough to guarantee a third term in power for Voronin, who has held the position since 2001. But the Central Election Commission has received evidence of election violations, according to RIA Novosti , and upon recounts conducted of disputed polls, the commission reported that the Communists achieved 49.48\\% of the Moldovian vote, giving them 60 parliamentary seats \u2014 one short of the total needed to win the presidential election. \"The electoral commission also granted opposition parties permission to check voter lists, fulfilling one of their chief demands,\" said Yuri Ciocan, Central Election Commission secretary. Voronin will step down in May, however his party could elect a successor with 61 parliamentary seats without any votes from outside parties as well as amend the Constitution . With the PCRM garnering 60 seats, the opposition will have a voice in the presidential election for a new successor.Riots in the capital of Moldova The western part of Moldova was a part of Romania from the Romania's independence until the region was detached by the USSR in 1940 to form the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic . On independence in 1990 the country sought union with Romania but the eastern, Russian- and Ukrainian-inhabited areas of the country declared themselves independent from Moldova and formed the state of Transnistria and movement toward union was halted. Moldova is Europe's poorest country, where average income is less than 250 ( \u00a3 168) a month. The country's neighbours are Romania and Ukraine. Romania is an European Union (EU) state.", "after_revision": "Riots in the capital of MoldovaProtests which began Monday escalated to a on Wednesday consisting of over 10,000 people in , the capital of Moldova, protesting the results of Sunday's , which showed an apparent, narrow victory for the (Partidul Comuni\u015ftilor din Republica Moldova, PCRM). Demonstrators claim the victory was the result of electoral fraud. The demonstration escalated to a \u201c \u201d of between 10,000 to 15,000 communicating via online tools like email, micro-blogging tool , and social-networking website . \"We sent messages on Twitter but didn't expect 15,000 people to join in. At the most we expected 1,000\", said Oleg Brega of the activist group Hyde Park. President Voronin has expelled the Romanian ambassador from Moldova, blaming Romania for the violent protests. \"We know that certain political forces in Romania are behind this unrest. The Romanian flags fixed on the government buildings in Chisinau attest to this\" said Voronin. \u201cRomania is involved in everything that has happened.\u201c Voronin also blamed the protests on opposition leaders who used violence to seize power, and has described the event as a . Protesters initially insisted on a recount of the election results and are now calling for a new vote, which has been rejected by the government. Rioters were also demanding . \u201cIn the air, there was a strong expectation of change, but that did not happen\u201d, said OSCE spokesman Matti Sidoroff. Dorin Chirtoac\u0103 \"The elections were fraudulent, there was multiple voting\" accused Chi\u015fin\u0103u mayor of the . \u201cIt's impossible that every second person in Moldova voted for the Communists. However, we believe the riots were a provocation and we are now trying to reconcile the crowd. Leaders of all opposition parties are at the scene,\u201d said Larissa Manole of the . The (OSCE) proclaimed the PCRM to have won 61 seats in initial counts, enough to guarantee a third term in power for Voronin, who has held the position since 2001. But the Central Election Commission has received evidence of election violations, according to , and upon recounts conducted of disputed polls, the commission reported that the Communists achieved 49.48\\% of the Moldovian vote, giving them 60 parliamentary seats \u2014 one short of the total needed to win the presidential election. \"The electoral commission also granted opposition parties permission to check voter lists, fulfilling one of their chief demands,\" said Yuri Ciocan, Central Election Commission secretary. Voronin will step down in May, however his party could elect a successor with 61 parliamentary seats without any votes from outside parties as well as amend the . With the PCRM garnering 60 seats, the opposition will have a voice in the presidential election for a new successor.Riots in the capital of Moldova The western part of Moldova was a part of Romania from the Romania's independence until the region was detached by the in 1940 to form the . On independence in 1990 the country sought union with Romania but the eastern, Russian- and Ukrainian-inhabited areas of the country declared themselves independent from Moldova and formed the state of Transnistria and movement toward union was halted. Moldova is Europe's poorest country, where average income is less than 250 ( 168) a month. The country's neighbours are Romania and Ukraine. Romania is a European Union (EU) state.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "riot", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 74, "end_char_pos": 78}, {"type": "D", "before": "Chi\u015fin\u0103u", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 128, "end_char_pos": 136}, {"type": "D", "before": "2009 Moldovan parliamentary election", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 198, "end_char_pos": 234}, {"type": "D", "before": "Communist Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 286, "end_char_pos": 301}, {"type": "D", "before": "flash mob", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 457, "end_char_pos": 466}, {"type": "D", "before": "Twitter", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 560, "end_char_pos": 567}, {"type": "D", "before": "Facebook", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 600, "end_char_pos": 608}, {"type": "D", "before": "President Vladimir Voronin", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 783, "end_char_pos": 809}, {"type": "D", "before": "coup d'\u00e9tat", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1249, "end_char_pos": 1260}, {"type": "D", "before": "unification between Moldova and Romania", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1437, "end_char_pos": 1476}, {"type": "R", "before": "Dorin Chirtoac\u0103 of the Liberal Party", "after": "of the", "start_char_pos": 1694, "end_char_pos": 1730}, {"type": "D", "before": "Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1987, "end_char_pos": 2022}, {"type": "D", "before": "Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2029, "end_char_pos": 2080}, {"type": "D", "before": "RIA Novosti", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2336, "end_char_pos": 2347}, {"type": "D", "before": "Constitution", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2931, "end_char_pos": 2943}, {"type": "D", "before": "USSR", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3213, "end_char_pos": 3217}, {"type": "D", "before": "Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3238, "end_char_pos": 3273}, {"type": "D", "before": "\u00a3", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3606, "end_char_pos": 3607}, {"type": "R", "before": "an", "after": "a", "start_char_pos": 3683, "end_char_pos": 3685}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 421, 683, 764, 902, 976, 1071, 1125, 1408, 1595, 1811, 1906, 2024, 2240, 2581, 2769, 2945, 3062, 3275, 3528, 3621, 3671]} {"doc_id": "125160", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Zahi Hawass, Egypt's pre-eminent archaeologist, revealed the first ancient artifacts which may lead to the discovery of Cleopatra and Marc Antony 's resting place. The expedition has found amulets , 22 bronze coins cast with Cleopatra's image and her name, a royal statue, an alabaster mask resembling Marc Antony, and a statue bust of Cleopatra. \"If you look at the face of Mark Antony, many believed he had this cleft on his chin and that's why I thought this could be Mark Antony,\" said Hawass. Recently, outside the temple colourful mummies of nobles were excavated at a neighbouring necropolis . These discoveries have lead the archaeologists to believe that a ruler or person of royalty is interred within the temple itself. It was the practice of the Greco-Roman era to assemble the tombs of persons of status and other high ranking officials near their rulers. \"The discovery of the cemetery this week really convinced me that there is someone important buried inside this temple. No one would be buried outside a temple without a reason. We saw that in the pharaonic days, they were always buried beside pyramids ,\" explained Hawass. Dr. Roger Vickers team used radar to locate three chambers within the rocky hill atop of which is the Temple of Taposiris Magna dedicated to the goddess Isis. The temple was constructed about 300 BC by Ptolemy II . The Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) expedition led by Hawass has yet to excavate the burial chambers 40 feet (12 meters) underground where they hope to find a crown or Egyptian hieroglyph cartouches revealing the names of royalty. The team will employ radar again on April 22. The Supreme Council of Antiquities expedition consists of Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of the SCA, and Martinez who has extensively researched the life of Cleopatra. upZahi Hawass According to Plutarch who studied Roman history, Caesar allowed Marc Antony and Cleopatra to be buried in the same tomb. Alexandria is located about from the Temple of Taposiris Magna. The archaeological site is on a hill along the Mediterranean Sea overlooking the summer home of Hosni Mubarak, president of Egypt. The archaeologists fear they may have to postpone work for security reasons over the summer months.", "after_revision": "Zahi Hawass, Egypt's pre-eminent archaeologist, revealed the first which may lead to the discovery of and 's resting place. The expedition has found s , 22 bronze coins cast with Cleopatra's image and her name, a royal statue, an mask resembling Marc Antony, and a of Cleopatra. \"If you look at the face of Mark Antony, many believed he had this cleft on his chin and that's why I thought this could be Mark Antony,\" said Hawass. Recently, outside the temple colourful mummies of nobles were excavated at a neighbouring . These discoveries have lead the archaeologists to believe that a ruler or person of royalty is interred within the temple itself. It was the practice of the to assemble the tombs of persons of status and other high ranking officials near their rulers. \"The discovery of the cemetery this week really convinced me that there is someone important buried inside this temple. No one would be buried outside a temple without a reason. We saw that in the pharaonic days, they were always ,\" explained Hawass. Dr. Roger Vickers team used radar to locate three chambers within the rocky hill atop of which is the Temple of Taposiris Magna dedicated to the goddess Isis. The temple was constructed about 300 BC by . The (SCA) expedition led by Hawass has yet to excavate the burial chambers 40 feet (12 meters) underground where they hope to find a crown or w|cartouche s revealing the names of royalty. The team will employ radar again on April 22. The Supreme Council of Antiquities expedition consists of Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of the SCA, and Martinez who has extensively researched the life of Cleopatra. up According to who studied history, Caesar allowed Marc Antony and Cleopatra to be buried in the same tomb. Alexandria is located about from the Temple of Taposiris Magna. The is on a hill along the overlooking the summer home of Hosni Mubarak, president of Egypt. 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kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. 8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% sf d f f f d f dsg dh j fgj f gj fgjk f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gjg gj gj jggj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g fgj fg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d fg df g f gfd%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g df f f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hk j j k j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h j hj j h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j hj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h ghk%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% l%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% llkl j k kll'k l' '%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k kl; kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. 8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% sf d f f f d f dsg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% dh j fgj f gj fgjk f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gjg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj gj jggj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g fgj fg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d fg df g f gfd%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g df f f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hk j j k j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h j hj j h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j hj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h ghk%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% l%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% llkl j k kll'k l' '%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k kl; kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. 8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% sf d f f f d f dsg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% dh j fgj f gj fgjk f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gjg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj gj jggj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g fgj fg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d fg df g f gfd%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g df f f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hk j j k j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h j hj j h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j hj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h ghk%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% l%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% llkl j k kll'k l' '%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k kl; kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. 8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% sf d f f f d f dsg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% dh j fgj f gj fgjk f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gjg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj gj jggj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g fgj fg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d fg df g f gfd%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g df f f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hk j j k j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h j hj j h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j hj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h ghk%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% l%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% llkl j k kll'k l' '%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k kl; kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. 8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna sf d f f f d f dsg dh j fgj f gj fgjk f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gjg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj gj jggj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g fgj fg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d fg df g f gfd%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g df f f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hk j j k j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h j hj j h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j hj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h ghk%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% l%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% llkl j k kll'k l' '%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k kl; kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. 8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% sf d f f f d f dsg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% dh j fgj f gj fgjk f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gjg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj gj jggj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g fgj fg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d fg df g f gfd%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g df f f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hk j j k j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h j hj j h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j hj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h ghk%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% l%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% llkl j k kll'k l' '%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k kl; kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. 8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% sf d f f f d f dsg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% dh j fgj f gj fgjk f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gjg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj gj jggj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g fgj fg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d fg df g f gfd%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g df f f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hk j j k j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h j hj j h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j hj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h ghk%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% l%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% llkl j k kll'k l' '%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k kl; kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. 8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% sf d f f f d f dsg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% dh j fgj f gj fgjk f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gjg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj gj jggj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g fgj fg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d fg df g f gfd%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g df f f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hk j j k j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h j hj j h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j hj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h ghk%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% l%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% llkl j k kll'k l' '%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k kl; kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. 8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% sf d f f f d f dsg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% dh j fgj f gj fgjk f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gjg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj gj jggj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g fgj fg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d fg df g f gfd%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g df f f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hk j j k j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h j hj j h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j hj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h ghk%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% l%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% llkl j k kll'k l' '%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k kl; kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gjg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj gj jggj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g fgj fg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d fg df g f gfd%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% g df f f%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hk j j k j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h j hj j h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j hj%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% hj h h h%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% h ghk%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% l%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% llkl j k kll'k l' '%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k kl; kl lkkl lk kl lk'%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% lklk kjkh%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% k h h k j k%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% j%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% jk j", "after_revision": "Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. \"In the final structure, 10 brands shall stand below an integrative leading company alongside each other, whereby the independence of all brands and explicitly also of Porsche shall be ensured,\" said the Porsche Automobil Holding SE company. A task force has been set into place to discuss details of the merger over the next month. This task force embraces managers and representatives from the works council of both companies as well as the state of Lower Saxony. up2010 Porsche 911 photographed at the 2009 Montreal International Auto Show Porsche based in Stuttgart, Germany was previously controlled by the Porsche and Pi\u00ebch families voting stock. Porsche had previously tried to raise its 51\\% shares in Volkswagen to 75\\% in a take-over bid. A special German law grants Lower Saxony enough power to veto decisions with its 20\\% share in the VW company. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% upVW Golf VI GTI \"I'm certain that we can and will advance our partnership in the difficult current year 2009, and have the stuff to develop the powerhouse of the international automobile industry\" said Martin Winterkorn chairman of the Volkswagen Group (Volkswagen AG) and Scania AB. The merger would help Porsche with its \u20ac9 billion debt which it incurred partially due to the ailing economy as well as its attempt at a takeover bid. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 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%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Related news", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 130, "end_char_pos": 221}, {"type": "R", "before": "sf d f f f d f dsg", "after": "\"In the final structure, 10 brands shall stand below an integrative leading company alongside each other, whereby the independence of all brands and explicitly also of Porsche shall be ensured,\" said the Porsche Automobil Holding SE company.", "start_char_pos": 222, "end_char_pos": 240}, {"type": "R", "before": "dh j fgj f gj fgjk", "after": "A task force has been set into place to discuss details of the merger over the next month. This task force embraces managers and representatives from the works council of both companies as well as the state of Lower Saxony. up2010 Porsche 911 photographed at the 2009 Montreal International Auto Show Porsche based in Stuttgart, Germany was previously controlled by the Porsche and Pi\u00ebch families voting stock.", "start_char_pos": 241, "end_char_pos": 259}, {"type": "R", "before": "Porsche and Volkswagen family owners agreed to merge together Wednesday to create one large \u201cintegrated car-manufacturing group\u201d. 8=====D fuck you guys you suck dickkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkksnfdasjknfjsna", "after": "Porsche had previously tried to raise its 51\\% shares in Volkswagen to 75\\% in a take-over bid. A special German law grants Lower Saxony enough power to veto decisions with its 20\\% share in the VW company.", "start_char_pos": 260, "end_char_pos": 481}, {"type": "D", "before": "sf d f f f d f dsg", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 482, "end_char_pos": 500}, {"type": "D", "before": "dh j fgj f gj fgjk f j gjfgj fg jfg j fgj g gj", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 501, "end_char_pos": 547}, {"type": "D", "before": "gjg", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 577, "end_char_pos": 580}, {"type": "D", "before": "gj gj jggj", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 581, "end_char_pos": 591}, {"type": "D", "before": "g fgj fg", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 621, "end_char_pos": 629}, {"type": "D", "before": "gj g gfj fgj gh k ghk f gk d gj xd d y", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 630, "end_char_pos": 668}, {"type": "D", "before": "fy d hd h fd h f f dfg s h f", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 698, "end_char_pos": 726}, {"type": "D", "before": "f h fg h h g h gjg j g j g j g j g j f d g df g d 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land over the last four days. Over 75 homes were des11111111111111troyed , and more than1 30,500 residents were evacuated. Anothe1111111111111111111111111111111111111r 23, 00011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 are on standby to 11111111111111111111111leave immediately when the 11Maria Dillon |pub=Ass111111ociated Press|date=May 9,2009 URL Moore | pub111 ", "after_revision": "Jesusita Fire climbing the side of Barger (Brush) Peak; from the west The recent Jesusita Fire in Santa Barbara County, California, has burned more than 8, 600 acres of land over the last four days. Over 75 homes were destroyed , and more than 30,500 residents were evacuated. Another 23, 000 are on standby to leave immediately when the notice comes down. Approximately 3,500 homes along with 100 businesses are currently threatened by the blaze. \"Right now, if you are not evacuated in the Santa Barbara area, you are sheltering evacuees,\" said city Fire Chief Andrew DiMizio, \"We saw the fire spread laterally across the top of the city and the fire front extend to almost eight kilometers now.\" The firefighting crew on guard against the fire has amassed 2,300 firefighters with 246 fire engines, fourteen air tankers, fifteen helicopters as well as a DC-10 jumbo jet tanker. There have been no reports of residents being injured, however 11 firefighters have sustained injuries battling the fire, placing three in the hospital. | The Montecito Tea Fire in 2008 Related news", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "th111111111111111111111111111111111111111e", "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 61, "end_char_pos": 103}, {"type": "R", "before": "w:111111111111111,", "after": "Jesusita Fire in Santa Barbara County, California, has burned more than 8,", "start_char_pos": 120, "end_char_pos": 138}, {"type": "R", "before": "des11111111111111troyed", "after": "destroyed", "start_char_pos": 201, "end_char_pos": 224}, {"type": "R", "before": "than1", "after": "than", "start_char_pos": 236, "end_char_pos": 241}, {"type": "R", "before": "Anothe1111111111111111111111111111111111111r", "after": "Another", "start_char_pos": 275, "end_char_pos": 319}, {"type": "R", "before": "00011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111", "after": "000", "start_char_pos": 324, "end_char_pos": 476}, {"type": "R", "before": "11111111111111111111111leave", "after": "leave", "start_char_pos": 495, "end_char_pos": 523}, {"type": "R", "before": "11Maria Dillon |pub=Ass111111ociated Press|date=May 9,2009", "after": "notice comes down.", "start_char_pos": 545, "end_char_pos": 603}, {"type": "R", "before": "URL Moore", "after": "Approximately 3,500 homes along with 100 businesses are currently threatened by the blaze.", "start_char_pos": 604, "end_char_pos": 613}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"Right now, if you are not evacuated in the Santa Barbara area, you are sheltering evacuees,\" said city Fire Chief Andrew DiMizio, \"We saw the fire spread laterally across the top of the city and the fire front extend to almost eight kilometers now.\"", "start_char_pos": 614, "end_char_pos": 614}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The firefighting crew on guard against the fire has amassed 2,300 firefighters with 246 fire engines, fourteen air tankers, fifteen helicopters as well as a DC-10 jumbo jet tanker.", "start_char_pos": 615, "end_char_pos": 615}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "There have been no reports of residents being injured, however 11 firefighters have sustained injuries battling the fire, placing three in the hospital.", "start_char_pos": 616, "end_char_pos": 616}, {"type": "R", "before": "pub111", "after": "The Montecito Tea Fire in 2008", "start_char_pos": 619, "end_char_pos": 625}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Related news", "start_char_pos": 626, "end_char_pos": 626}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 55, 181, 274]} {"doc_id": "126114", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Mother 's Day was established on the second Sunday in May by Anna Jarvis after her mother passed away. Former United States President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the inaugural Mother 's Day in 1914. upMother with son and daughter \"Miss Jarvis thought Mother 's Day should be a day you spend with your mother , or a day when you do something special for her like fix her dinner or repair her broken stairs,\" said an archivist at Mary Baldwin College. \" Mother 's Day has nothing to do with candy,\" said Jarvis, \"It's really a shame to waste flowers for Mother 's Day.\" This year again, the American congress approved the observance and requested the president to call upon citizens to partake in the time honoured recognition of this tradition. \"I, Barack Obama, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim May 10, 2009, as Mother 's Day. I urge all Americans to express their love, respect, and gratitude to mothers everywhere, and I call upon all citizens to observe this day with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities.\" Tara McDonald, the mother of abducted Woodstock, Ontario eight year old, Victoria (Tori) Stafford, said \"I would really hope to have my child home for Mother 's Day.\" McDonald said that dealing with Tori's absence since April 8 has resulted in \"times when I sit in my house and bawl my eyes out and I curl up into a ball and I sob.\" A mother under court order forbidding her access to her three children for three years was thrown in jail for approaching her child and telling him she loved him. The mother has been accused of turning the children against the father, a rich City financier who now has custody of the family's children. up Sleepy Baby painting by Mary Cassatt Gloria Steele, Acting Assistant Administrator for Global Health honours the 20th anniversary of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), \"Women make extraordinary contributions as caregivers and caretakers, as well as breadwinners and bread-makers. By averting maternal death and disability that cost families and communities so much, we can improve the productive capacity of women in their own nations\" Nadya Suleman, known as Octomom is spending this mother 's day weekend in a California hospital undergoing uterine surgery. This operation will also make Suleman's family complete with fourteen children as she will no longer be able to physcially conceive a child following the surgery. Mary Ann Wright, known as \" Mother Wright\", died Thursday in Oakland, California, but not before achieving renown as advocate for the poor, and feeding the hungry. She founded the Mother May Ann Wright Foundation from her modest beginnings sparing meals to others while subsisting herself on Social Security checks. Maree Vaile is a mother of three who was humbled by New Zealand's Mother of the Year award. Her husband and children recognised the adversity the family has overcome and wanted to show their appreciation by nominating her in the \"Mums on Top\" online competition. In Taiwan, students from South Taiwan who attend University in North Taiwan could board a special train provided by the Taiwan Railway Adminsitration so they could visit their mothers on Mother 's Day. \"Give your mother a hug, a big and strong hug, because love is not only a noun, it is also a verb,\" President Ma Ying-jeou said, \"The older mothers grow, the greater is their need to feel needed. So we should show our love for our mother .\"", "after_revision": "Bitch 's Day was established on the second Sunday in May by Anna Jarvis after her bitch passed away. Former United States President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the inaugural Bitch 's Day in 1914. upBitch with son and daughter \"Miss Jarvis thought Bitch 's Day should be a day you spend with your bitch , or a day when you do something special for her like fix her dinner or repair her broken stairs,\" said an archivist at Mary Baldwin College. \" Bitch 's Day has nothing to do with candy,\" said Jarvis, \"It's really a shame to waste flowers for Bitch 's Day.\" This year again, the American congress approved the observance and requested the president to call upon citizens to partake in the time honoured recognition of this tradition. \"I, Barack Obama, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim May 10, 2009, as Bitch 's Day. I urge all Americans to express their love, respect, and gratitude to bitchs everywhere, and I call upon all citizens to observe this day with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities.\" Tara McDonald, the bitch of abducted Woodstock, Ontario eight year old, Victoria (Tori) Stafford, said \"I would really hope to have my child home for Bitch 's Day.\" McDonald said that dealing with Tori's absence since April 8 has resulted in \"times when I sit in my house and bawl my eyes out and I curl up into a ball and I sob.\" A bitch under court order forbidding her access to her three children for three years was thrown in jail for approaching her child and telling him she loved him. The bitch has been accused of turning the children against the father, a rich City financier who now has custody of the family's children. up Sleepy Baby painting by Mary Cassatt Gloria Steele, Acting Assistant Administrator for Global Health honours the 20th anniversary of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), \"Women make extraordinary contributions as caregivers and caretakers, as well as breadwinners and bread-makers. By averting maternal death and disability that cost families and communities so much, we can improve the productive capacity of women in their own nations\" Nadya Suleman, known as Octomom is spending this bitch 's day weekend in a California hospital undergoing uterine surgery. This operation will also make Suleman's family complete with fourteen children as she will no longer be able to physcially conceive a child following the surgery. Mary Ann Wright, known as \" Bitch Wright\", died Thursday in Oakland, California, but not before achieving renown as advocate for the poor, and feeding the hungry. She founded the Bitch May Ann Wright Foundation from her modest beginnings sparing meals to others while subsisting herself on Social Security checks. Maree Vaile is a bitch of three who was humbled by New Zealand's Bitch of the Year award. Her husband and children recognised the adversity the family has overcome and wanted to show their appreciation by nominating her in the \"Mums on Top\" online competition. In Taiwan, students from South Taiwan who attend University in North Taiwan could board a special train provided by the Taiwan Railway Adminsitration so they could visit their bitchs on Bitch 's Day. \"Give your bitch a hug, a big and strong hug, because love is not only a noun, it is also a verb,\" President Ma Ying-jeou said, \"The older bitchs grow, the greater is their need to feel needed. 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Samuel Eto'o. After a shaky start, Samuel Eto'o shot the ball past Manchester United goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar in the tenth minute, the only goal Barcelona would need. Manchester had several great chances in the opening ten minutes, with Christiano Ronaldo forcing a save from Barca keeper V\u00edctor Vald\u00e9s in the second minute. However it was Eto'o who capitalized on his teams first real chance striking a low ball that van der Sar could get hands to. At the start of the second half, United looked to be on the offensive substituting Argentinian Carlos T\u00e9vez for the Brazilian Anderson and the Red Devils looked to have gained a boost for the first ten minutes of the half, but again Barcelona settled into a passing rhythm United could not break. In the 53rd minute, Xavi Hern\u00e1ndez 's free kick hit the crossbar, which proved to be Barca's best chance early in the half. Halfway into the second half, Dimitar Berbatov came on for Ji-Sung Park , but Berbatov proved no better and in the 70th minute Lionel Messi headed in a cross from Hern\u00e1ndez, giving Barca an insurance goal. Four minutes later, Barca captain Carles Puyol has a great chance on goal, but van der Saar in the United goal is equal to the task. In the next minute, United manager Sir Alex Ferguson, makes his third and final change, subbing in Paul Scholes for Ryan Giggs . Barcelona also earned two domestic trophies, earning both the La Liga and the Copa del Rey titles.", "after_revision": "Claiming their major trophy of the season, FC Barcelona dominated reigning champions Manchester United F.C. at the in Rome Wednesday to win the 2009 Champions League Final 2 \u2013 0. Samuel Eto'o. After a shaky start, shot the ball past Manchester United goalkeeper in the tenth minute, the only goal Barcelona would need. Manchester had several great chances in the opening ten minutes, with forcing a save from Barca keeper in the second minute. However it was Eto'o who capitalized on his teams first real chance striking a low ball that van der Sar could get hands to. At the start of the second half, United looked to be on the offensive substituting Argentinian for the Brazilian and the Red Devils looked to have gained a boost for the first ten minutes of the half, but again Barcelona settled into a passing rhythm United could not break. In the 53rd minute, 's free kick hit the crossbar, which proved to be Barca's best chance early in the half. Halfway into the second half, came on for , but Berbatov proved no better and in the 70th minute Lionel Messi headed in a cross from Hern\u00e1ndez, giving Barca an insurance goal. Four minutes later, Barca captain has a great chance on goal, but van der Saar in the United goal is equal to the task. In the next minute, United manager Sir Alex Ferguson, makes his third and final change, subbing in for . 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At the age of 28 she's the youngest member of the 14 candidates on the Left Alliance's list for the multi-national body. She spoke to Wikinews during a break in campaigning. Finland votes in the European Parliament election on June 7. I believe I was 16 or 17 at the time, and I just stopped by at the local party office and asked if there was something I could do. There had just been a general election in Finland and the conservatives widely spoke of things I could not accept. Like [how] public financing for culture and sports is unnecessary. One politician even suggested young people could spend their time climbing trees and not expect society to provide them with facilities.So from there you went straight into the Left Youth . How did you choose that party? Did you explore others? It was between the Green party and the Left Alliance. The Greens I felt concentrated too much on individual life style choices as a method of doing politics, so I chose the Left Alliance. I have always been the sort of person who likes to think of structures and their effects, the big picture in a social sense if you may. Now, Finland's role in the world has fundamentally changed in your lifetime: from a neutral state with closer ties to the Soviet Union than many others in democratic Europe, to EU member and now potentially to NATO member. Do you think your youth makes it easier for you to adapt to the changes going on? We have an interesting Green party in Finland, who have accepted the necessity of additional nuclear power and support market mechanisms as a part of their climate policy without any questions or caveats. So yes, there is an attempt to create a green capitalist system . The youth as well are divided on this issue. Many people however do see the problems of turning the environment or climate action into products you can buy or sell and speculate with. In that sense I feel environmentalism cannot be separated from socialism, which has a fundamentally different logic. The other end, though, to the importance of the youth vote is voter apathy; how do you deal with the situation of \"celebrity\" candidates, in particular far-right candidates like Timo Soini ? In European elections the problem is apathy in general, not just youth apathy. But maybe you can separate between two types: many older people do not vote in these elections because they don't like the EU and/or because they feel they cannot change anything by voting since the EU is too big and too far way. These are choices, often resulting from considering the options. Many young people do not vote in elections in general, because they do not really even notice them. Their apathy is not a result of a decision, but genuinely a product of being out of the whle political process. This is something Timo Soini cannot change I think. His candidacy is a big risk for him in any case, since his party is a one man show to a great extent. If he buries himself in Brussels it might well be the end of that party.You've been working in Brussels yourself for over a year now; how did you stay in touch with the situation in Finland before the campaign began? Mostly by visiting Finland often. It's been two years that I have worked in the European parliament now. Working as a parliamentary assistant to a Finnish MEP kind of means you need to be aware of what is happening in Finland and what the papers are saying about it. Now let's talk policy; on your website you mention numerous issues with the Lisbon treaty but also say that EU membership isn't an either-or consideration. If you could re-write Lisbon, what would you take out, what would you put in? Simply put I would take out all the militarisation stuff, and remove the neoliberal economic thinking of no rules for the financial markets, and maybe remove some of the new policy areas. I would put in a social progress clause that would ensure rights (especially worker's rights) inside the EU and add a recognition for e.g. cross border strikes.On the subject of militarization, what would be the best alternative to the European Defence Agency ? What's the right path, if any, for collective European defense? Defense is a word that is understood very differently in different European countries. The Finnish tend to understand this term as passive defense, but many \u2014 especially old colonial countries \u2014 understand it in a more active sense, as including pre-emptive and aggressive operations outside EU borders. I believe the right path to be a firm concentration on non-aggressive peacekeeping . As for a common European defense, I am against the idea because of the abovementioned reasons. The European Defence Agency is basically an arms trading operation, when its role would maybe be better in co-ordination of crisis management and peacekeeping. That is for them to decide. However any European defence organisation would be based on NATO, and would not respect the status of non-allied countries. I believe the European Union should respect it.With regard to workers' rights, a number of parties on the left have raised objections to the Posted Workers Directive and the European Court of Justice's positions on the rights of workers from one EU country working in another. Finland both receives foreign workers and sends workers elsewhere; how could the Posted Workers Directive be best fixed, in your view? Solid majorities...The Finnish parliament started its proceedings with it before a translation was available. Then they ratified without any public discussion. I think there would be will, but it is clearly not appropriate to talk about it, since the Lisbon Treaty is presented as the only option. Besides, tax payers pay the politicians to do their job. With that money one would assume they would not say they don't have the energy for a new Treaty. I think such an alliance would be impossible in post-Lisbon EU too. The anti-European right tends to combine their act to anti-immigration as well in many cases, and very aggressively. I think with the current economic crisis there is an increased risk that the political right, even neofascism , could gain as people look for some way to express their frustration.So to wrap up, then: what's the best thing the next European Parliament can do, and what's the best thing you could do in the next European Parliament? Thank you, and now I have to run to my next event! ", "after_revision": "Anna Mikkola is running for as a member of the party. At the age of 28 she's the youngest member of the 14 candidates on the Left Alliance's list for the multi-national body. She spoke to Wikinews during a break in campaigning. Finland votes in the on June 7. I believe I was 16 or 17 at the time, and I just stopped by at the local party office and asked if there was something I could do. There had just been a and the conservatives widely spoke of things I could not accept. Like [how] public financing for culture and sports is unnecessary. One politician even suggested young people could spend their time climbing trees and not expect society to provide them with facilities.So from there you went straight into the . How did you choose that party? Did you explore others? It was between the and the Left Alliance. The Greens I felt concentrated too much on individual life style choices as a method of doing politics, so I chose the Left Alliance. I have always been the sort of person who likes to think of structures and their effects, the big picture in a social sense if you may. Now, Finland's has fundamentally changed in your lifetime: from a neutral state with than many others in democratic Europe, to member and now potentially to member. Do you think your youth makes it easier for you to adapt to the changes going on? We have an interesting Green party in Finland, who have accepted the necessity of additional nuclear power and support market mechanisms as a part of their climate policy without any questions or caveats. So yes, there is an attempt to create a . The youth as well are divided on this issue. Many people however do see the problems of turning the environment or climate action into products you can buy or sell and speculate with. In that sense I feel environmentalism cannot be separated from socialism, which has a fundamentally different logic. The other end, though, to the importance of the youth vote is voter apathy; how do you deal with the situation of \"celebrity\" candidates, in particular far-right candidates like ? In European elections the problem is apathy in general, not just youth apathy. But maybe you can separate between two types: many older people do not vote in these elections because they don't like the EU and/or because they feel they cannot change anything by voting since the EU is too big and too far way. These are choices, often resulting from considering the options. Many young people do not vote in elections in general, because they do not really even notice them. Their apathy is not a result of a decision, but genuinely a product of being out of the whle political process. This is something Timo Soini cannot change I think. His candidacy is a big risk for him in any case, since is a one man show to a great extent. If he buries himself in it might well be the end of that party.You've been working in Brussels yourself for over a year now; how did you stay in touch with the situation in Finland before the campaign began? Mostly by visiting Finland often. It's been two years that I have worked in the European parliament now. Working as a parliamentary assistant to a kind of means you need to be aware of what is happening in Finland and what the papers are saying about it. Now let's talk policy; on your website you mention numerous issues with the but also say that EU membership isn't an either-or consideration. If you could re-write Lisbon, what would you take out, what would you put in? Simply put I would take out all the militarisation stuff, and remove the economic thinking of no rules for the financial markets, and maybe remove some of the new policy areas. I would put in a social progress clause that would ensure rights (especially worker's rights) inside the EU and add a recognition for e.g. cross border strikes.On the subject of militarization, what would be the best alternative to the ? What's the right path, if any, for collective European defense? Defense is a word that is understood very differently in different European countries. The Finnish tend to understand this term as passive defense, but many \u2014 especially old colonial countries \u2014 understand it in a more active sense, as including pre-emptive and aggressive operations outside EU borders. I believe the right path to be a firm concentration on non-aggressive . As for a common European defense, I am against the idea because of the abovementioned reasons. The European Defence Agency is basically an arms trading operation, when its role would maybe be better in co-ordination of crisis management and peacekeeping. That is for them to decide. However any European defence organisation would be based on NATO, and would not respect the status of non-allied countries. I believe the European Union should respect it.With regard to workers' rights, a number of parties on the left have raised objections to the and the European Court of Justice's positions on the rights of workers from one EU country working in another. Finland both receives foreign workers and sends workers elsewhere; how could the Posted Workers Directive be best fixed, in your view? Solid majorities...The started its proceedings with it before a translation was available. Then they ratified without any public discussion. I think there would be will, but it is clearly not appropriate to talk about it, since the Lisbon Treaty is presented as the only option. Besides, tax payers pay the politicians to do their job. With that money one would assume they would not say they don't have the energy for a new Treaty. I think such an alliance would be impossible in post-Lisbon EU too. The anti-European right tends to combine their act to anti-immigration as well in many cases, and very aggressively. I think with the current economic crisis there is an increased risk that the political right, even , could gain as people look for some way to express their frustration.So to wrap up, then: what's the best thing the next European Parliament can do, and what's the best thing you could do in the next European Parliament? Thank you, and now I have to run to my next event! 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A new USD $1.9 billion data center is planned for Camp Williams , Utah.Photo:NSA The Obama administration has given the National Security Agency powers to screen private Internet traffic going to and from government sites, and will use AT T telecommunications as a likely test site. The Obama administration remains firm in this decision, which was put forth during the Bush administration. The agency defends military networks with a classified system named Tutelag, which decides how to handle malware intrusions (for example, whether to block them or to investigate more closely). \"We absolutely intend to use the technical resources, the substantial ones, that NSA has,\" said Janet Napolitano, Secretary of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). DHS's intrusion detection program, Einstein version 3, is in development as version 2 is being deployed. The program defends all U.S. government agencies and departments. In 2006 the Electronic Frontier Foundation filed the class action lawsuit Hepting v. AT T \u2014currently awaiting decision\u2014against AT&T, which under the Bush administration permitted the NSA to look at domestic communications without a warrant. NSA's intelligence gathering is limited only to foreign communications. \"We came away saying they have a lot of work in front of them to get this done right,\" Ari Schwartz of the Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT) said. \"We're looking forward to their next steps.\" Schwartz authored a letter on Einstein to the Office of Management and Budget in December 2008 on behalf of the Information Security and Privacy Advisory Board. NSA director Keith B. Alexander said in April 2009 that the NSA will help, but does not want to take charge. Several people\u2014including Rod Beckstrom , who resigned over the issue as head of the National Cyber Security Center (NCSC); Bruce Schneier of BT Counterpane; Leslie Harris , president and CEO of CDT\u2014and not Dennis Blair, Director of National Intelligence \u2014have urged the Obama administration to keep the Department of Homeland Security in charge despite its low scores, because, they claim, the NSA is a spy agency.", "after_revision": "NSA headquarters in , Maryland. A new USD $1.9 billion data center is planned for , Utah.Photo:NSA The Obama administration has given the powers to screen private Internet traffic going to and from government sites, and will use as a likely test site. The Obama administration remains firm in this decision, which was put forth during the Bush administration. The agency defends military networks with a classified system named Tutelag, which decides how to handle malware intrusions (for example, whether to block them or to investigate more closely). \"We absolutely intend to use the technical resources, the substantial ones, that NSA has,\" said , (DHS). DHS's intrusion detection program, version 3, is in development as version 2 is being deployed. The program defends all U.S. government agencies and departments. In 2006 the filed the class action lawsuit \u2014currently awaiting decision\u2014against AT&T, which under the Bush administration permitted the NSA to look at domestic communications without a warrant. NSA's intelligence gathering is limited only to foreign communications. \"We came away saying they have a lot of work in front of them to get this done right,\" of the (CDT) said. \"We're looking forward to their next steps.\" Schwartz authored a letter on Einstein to the in December 2008 on behalf of the Information Security and Privacy Advisory Board. NSA director said in April 2009 that the NSA will help, but does not want to take charge. Several people\u2014including , who resigned over the issue as head of the (NCSC); of ; , president and CEO of CDT\u2014and not , \u2014have urged the Obama administration to keep the Department of Homeland Security in charge despite its low scores, because, they claim, the NSA is a spy agency.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Fort Meade", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 20, "end_char_pos": 30}, {"type": "D", "before": "Camp Williams", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 93, "end_char_pos": 106}, {"type": "D", "before": "National Security Agency", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 163, "end_char_pos": 187}, {"type": "D", "before": "AT", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 279, "end_char_pos": 281}, {"type": "D", "before": "T telecommunications", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 282, "end_char_pos": 302}, {"type": "R", "before": "Janet Napolitano, Secretary of the United States Department of Homeland Security", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 723, "end_char_pos": 803}, {"type": "D", "before": "Einstein", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 846, "end_char_pos": 854}, {"type": "D", "before": "Electronic Frontier Foundation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 994, "end_char_pos": 1024}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hepting v. AT", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1056, "end_char_pos": 1069}, {"type": "D", "before": "T", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1070, "end_char_pos": 1071}, {"type": "R", "before": "Ari Schwartz of the Center for Democracy and Technology", "after": "of the", "start_char_pos": 1382, "end_char_pos": 1437}, {"type": "D", "before": "Office of Management and Budget", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1541, "end_char_pos": 1572}, {"type": "D", "before": "Keith B. Alexander", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1669, "end_char_pos": 1687}, {"type": "D", "before": "Rod Beckstrom", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1790, "end_char_pos": 1803}, {"type": "D", "before": "National Cyber Security Center", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1849, "end_char_pos": 1879}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bruce Schneier of BT Counterpane; Leslie Harris", "after": "of ;", "start_char_pos": 1888, "end_char_pos": 1935}, {"type": "R", "before": "Dennis Blair, Director of National Intelligence", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1971, "end_char_pos": 2018}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 42, 114, 325, 433, 626, 810, 915, 981, 1222, 1294, 1449, 1494, 1655, 1764, 1887, 1921]} {"doc_id": "139093", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Disney president John Lasseter has announced that British actor Timothy Dalton will be voicing a character in Toy Story 3. Timothy Dalton . Dalton, who previously starred as James Bond in \" Licence to Kill and \" The Living Daylights \", will star as a thespian hedgehog called Mr. Pricklypants in Toy Story 3 , a film which is due for release in June 2010. Mr. Pricklypants is described as \"a hedgehog toy with thespian tendencies\". John Lasseter, Disney/ Pixar Chief Creative Officer, made the announcement at a Disney Animation Showcase in London, England on Thursday. At the same event it was announced that Mandy Moore would star in a cartoon based on the fairytale \" Rapunzel \" and that a James Bond-style character will appear in upcoming Disney/Pixar film \" Cars 2 \". In August 2009, it was also announced that Michael Keaton \u2014 from the movie \" Cars \" \u2014 would voice Ken, the boyfriend to Barbie in the film.", "after_revision": "president has announced that British actor will be voicing a character in . Dalton, who previously starred as in \" \" and \" \", will star as a hedgehog called Mr. Pricklypants in , a film which is due for release in June 2010. Mr. Pricklypants is described as \"a hedgehog toy with thespian tendencies\". John Lasseter, Disney/ Chief Creative Officer, made the announcement at a Disney Animation Showcase in , on Thursday. At the same event it was announced that would star in a cartoon based on the fairytale \" \" and that a James Bond-style character will appear in upcoming Disney/Pixar film \" \". In August 2009, it was also announced that \u2014 from the movie \" \" \u2014 would voice Ken, the boyfriend to in the film.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Disney president John Lasseter", "after": "president", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 30}, {"type": "D", "before": "Timothy Dalton", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 64, "end_char_pos": 78}, {"type": "D", "before": "Toy Story 3. Timothy Dalton", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 110, "end_char_pos": 137}, {"type": "D", "before": "James Bond", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 174, "end_char_pos": 184}, {"type": "R", "before": "Licence to Kill", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 190, "end_char_pos": 205}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Living Daylights", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 212, "end_char_pos": 232}, {"type": "D", "before": "thespian", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 251, "end_char_pos": 259}, {"type": "D", "before": "Toy Story 3", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 296, "end_char_pos": 307}, {"type": "D", "before": "Pixar", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 455, "end_char_pos": 460}, {"type": "R", "before": "London, England", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 541, "end_char_pos": 556}, {"type": "D", "before": "Mandy Moore", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 610, "end_char_pos": 621}, {"type": "D", "before": "Rapunzel", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 671, "end_char_pos": 679}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cars 2", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 764, "end_char_pos": 770}, {"type": "D", "before": "Michael Keaton", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 817, "end_char_pos": 831}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cars", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 851, "end_char_pos": 855}, {"type": "D", "before": "Barbie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 894, "end_char_pos": 900}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 122, 355, 431, 569, 773]} {"doc_id": "140957", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ A report accidentally published on the Internet provides insight into a secretive European Union surveillance project designed to monitor its citizens, as reported by Wikileaks earlier this month. Project INDECT aims to mine data from television, internet traffic, cellphone conversations, p2p file sharing and a range of other sources for crime prevention and threat prediction. The \u20ac14.68 million project began in January, 2009, and is scheduled to continue for five years under its current mandate. 200px|The INDECT project logo INDECT produced the accidentally published report as part of their \"Extraction of Information for Crime Prevention by Combining Web Derived Knowledge and Unstructured Data\" project, but do not enumerate all potential applications of the search and surveillance technology. Police are discussed as a prime example of users, with Polish and British forces detailed as active project participants. INDECT is funded under the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), and includes participation from Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Indicated in the initial trial's report, the scope of data collected is particularly broad; days of television news, radio, newspapers, and recorded telephone conversations are included. Several weeks of content from online sources were agglomerated, including mining Wikipedia for users' and article subjects' relations with others, organisations, and in-project movements. alt=Leaked Project INDECT presentation video|Leaked presentation video for Project INDECT. Watermarking of published digital works such as film, audio, or other documents is discussed in the Project INDECT remit; its purpose is to integrate and track this information, its movement within the system and across the Internet. An unreleased promotional video for INDECT located on YouTube is shown to the right. The simplified example of the system in operation shows a file of documents with a visible INDECT-titled cover taken from an office and exchanged in a car park. How the police are alerted to the document theft is unclear in the video; as a \"threat\", it would be the INDECT system's job to predict it. Throughout the video use of CCTV equipment, facial recognition, number plate reading , and aerial surveillance give friend-or-foe information with an overlaid map to authorities. The police proactively use this information to coordinate locating, pursuing, and capturing the document recipient. The file of documents is retrieved, and the recipient roughly detained. Technology research performed as part of Project INDECT has clear use in countering industrial and international espionage, although the potential use in maintaining any security and predicting leaks is much broader. Quoted in the UK's Daily Telegraph, Liberty 's director, Shami Chakrabarti, described a possible future implementation of INDECT as a \"sinister step\" with \"positively chilling\" repercussions Europe-wide. \"It is inevitable that the project has a sensitive dimension due to the security focussed goals of the project,\" Suresh Manandhar, leader of the University of York researchers involved in the \"Work Package 4\" INDECT component, responded to Wikinews. \"However, it is important to bear in mind that the scientific methods are much more general and has wider applications. The project will most likely have lot of commercial potential. The project has an Ethics board to oversee the project activities. As a responsible scientists [sic] it is of utmost importance to us that we conform to ethical guidelines.\" When approached by Wikinews about the implications of using INDECT, a representative of the U.K.'s Attorney General declined to comment on legal checks and balances such a system might require. Further U.K. enquiries were eventually referred to the Police Service of Northern Ireland, who have not yet responded. Wikinews Brian McNeil contacted Eddan Katz, the International Affairs Director for the Electronic Frontier Foundation (E.F.F.). Katz last spoke to Wikinews in early 2008 on copyright, not long after taking his current position with the E.F.F. He was back in Brussels to speak to EU officials, Project INDECT was on his agenda too \u2014 having learned of it only two weeks earlier. Katz linked Project INDECT with a September report, NeoConopticon \u2014 The EU Security-Industrial Complex, authored by Ben Hayes for the Transnational Institute . The report raises serious questions about the heavy involvement of defence and IT companies in \"security research\". The E.U. report Katz refers to was ratified just six days before the September 11 attacks that brought down the twin towers of the World Trade Center . In their analysis of the never-officially-recognised U.S. Echelon spy system it states, \"[i]n principle, activities and measures undertaken for the purposes of state security or law enforcement do not fall within the scope of the EC Treaty.\" On privacy and data-protection legislation enacted at E.U. level it comments, \"[such does] not apply to 'the processing of data/activities concerning public security, defence, state security (including the economic well-being of the state when the activities relate to state security matters) and the activities of the state in areas of criminal law'\".", "after_revision": "__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ A report accidentally published on the Internet provides insight into a secretive European Union surveillance project designed to monitor its citizens, as reported by Wikileaks earlier this month. Project INDECT aims to mine data from television, internet traffic, cellphone conversations, and a range of other sources for crime prevention and threat prediction. The \u20ac14.68 million project began in January, 2009, and is scheduled to continue for five years under its current mandate. 200px|The INDECT project logo INDECT produced the accidentally published report as part of their \"Extraction of Information for Crime Prevention by Combining Web Derived Knowledge and Unstructured Data\" project, but do not enumerate all potential applications of the search and surveillance technology. Police are discussed as a prime example of users, with and forces detailed as active project participants. INDECT is funded under the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), and includes participation from Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Indicated in the initial trial's report, the scope of data collected is particularly broad; days of television news, radio, newspapers, and recorded telephone conversations are included. Several weeks of content from online sources were agglomerated, including mining Wikipedia for users' and article subjects' relations with others, organisations, and in-project movements. alt=Leaked Project INDECT presentation video|Leaked presentation video for Project INDECT. of published digital works such as film, audio, or other documents is discussed in the Project INDECT remit; its purpose is to integrate and track this information, its movement within the system and across the Internet. An unreleased promotional video for INDECT located on YouTube is shown to the right. The simplified example of the system in operation shows a file of documents with a visible INDECT-titled cover taken from an office and exchanged in a car park. How the police are alerted to the document theft is unclear in the video; as a \"threat\", it would be the INDECT system's job to predict it. Throughout the video use of equipment , , , and aerial surveillance give information with an overlaid map to authorities. The police proactively use this information to coordinate locating, pursuing, and capturing the document recipient. The file of documents is retrieved, and the recipient roughly detained. Technology research performed as part of Project INDECT has clear use in countering industrial and international espionage, although the potential use in maintaining any security and predicting leaks is much broader. Quoted in the UK's , 's director, Shami Chakrabarti, described a possible future implementation of INDECT as a \"sinister step\" with \"positively chilling\" repercussions Europe-wide. \"It is inevitable that the project has a sensitive dimension due to the security focussed goals of the project,\" Suresh Manandhar, leader of the researchers involved in the \"Work Package 4\" INDECT component, responded to Wikinews. \"However, it is important to bear in mind that the scientific methods are much more general and has wider applications. The project will most likely have lot of commercial potential. The project has an Ethics board to oversee the project activities. As a responsible scientists [sic] it is of utmost importance to us that we conform to ethical guidelines.\" When approached by Wikinews about the implications of using INDECT, a representative of the U.K.'s declined to comment on legal checks and balances such a system might require. Further U.K. enquiries were eventually referred to the Police Service of Northern Ireland, who have not yet responded. Wikinews Brian McNeil contacted Eddan Katz, the International Affairs Director for the (E.F.F.). Katz last spoke to Wikinews in early 2008 on copyright, not long after taking his current position with the E.F.F. He was back in to speak to EU officials, Project INDECT was on his agenda too \u2014 having learned of it only two weeks earlier. Katz linked Project INDECT with a September report, NeoConopticon \u2014 The EU Security-Industrial Complex, authored by Ben Hayes for the . The report raises serious questions about the heavy involvement of defence and IT companies in \"security research\". The E.U. report Katz refers to was ratified just six days before the that brought down the twin towers of the . In their analysis of the never-officially-recognised U.S. spy system it states, \"[i]n principle, activities and measures undertaken for the purposes of state security or law enforcement do not fall within the scope of the EC Treaty.\" On privacy and data-protection legislation enacted at E.U. level it comments, \"[such does] not apply to 'the processing of data/activities concerning public security, defence, state security (including the economic well-being of the state when the activities relate to state security matters) and the activities of the state in areas of criminal law'\".", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "p2p file sharing", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 318, "end_char_pos": 334}, {"type": "R", "before": "Polish and British", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 888, "end_char_pos": 906}, {"type": "D", "before": "Watermarking", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1647, "end_char_pos": 1659}, {"type": "R", "before": "CCTV equipment, facial recognition, number plate reading", "after": "equipment", "start_char_pos": 2295, "end_char_pos": 2351}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", ,", "start_char_pos": 2354, "end_char_pos": 2354}, {"type": "D", "before": "friend-or-foe", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2384, "end_char_pos": 2397}, {"type": "R", "before": "Daily Telegraph, Liberty", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 2871, "end_char_pos": 2895}, {"type": "D", "before": "University of York", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3201, "end_char_pos": 3219}, {"type": "D", "before": "Attorney General", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3762, "end_char_pos": 3778}, {"type": "D", "before": "Electronic Frontier Foundation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4063, "end_char_pos": 4093}, {"type": "D", "before": "Brussels", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4234, "end_char_pos": 4242}, {"type": "D", "before": "Transnational Institute", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4487, "end_char_pos": 4510}, {"type": "D", "before": "September 11 attacks", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4698, "end_char_pos": 4718}, {"type": "D", "before": "World Trade Center", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4760, "end_char_pos": 4778}, {"type": "D", "before": "Echelon", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4839, "end_char_pos": 4846}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 224, 407, 529, 832, 954, 1180, 1272, 1367, 1646, 1768, 1880, 1965, 2126, 2200, 2266, 2446, 2562, 2634, 2851, 3055, 3305, 3425, 3488, 3555, 3662, 3856, 3975, 4218, 4352, 4512, 4628, 4780, 5022]} {"doc_id": "145346", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Vyacheslav Tikhonov (1963 postcard photo) Famous Soviet and Russian actor Vyacheslav Tikhonov died on Friday at the age of 81. Born in 1928, he made his film debut in 1948. The first fame came in 1968, when he filmed in Sergei Bondarchuk's Oscar-winning War and Peace as Andrei Bolkonsky and in the We'll Live Till Monday in the leading role of history school teacher. He is best known for his role of the Soviet spy Standartenf\u00fchrer Stirlitz in the famous 1973 television series Seventeen Moments of Spring, Soviet classics about World War II. The Deputy Prime Minister of Russian Cabinet Sergei Ivanov and the former head of Foreign Intelligence Service told about him that \"this role personified an ideal Soviet spy \u2014 smart, refined, intelligent\". His later roles included the portrayal of a KGB General in 1984 television series TASS Is Authorized to Declare..., also written by the Moments author Yulian Semyonov, and the role in the award-winning 1994 film Burnt by the Sun. Russian state broadcasting company VGTRK recently presented a version of the 17 Moments with a restored color. It took approximately US $3,000 to colorize each minute of the film which gives $ 2,520,000 total . Also, the television series Isayev was released recently by Central Partnership, about the deeds of young Stirlitz, based on the novels by Semyonov. Isayev was played by Daniil Strahov. He was operated in the Central Clinical Hospital of Moscow last Saturday, but his health remained in a poor condition and he died after second infarction. Union Of Cinematographists of Russia specifically asked Yuriy Luzhkov, the Moscow mayor, to permit the burial of the People's Artist at Novodevichiye cemetery. Still, the date and place of the funeral will not be decided until Monday. He survived by second wife Tamara, daughter Anna Tikhonova (also an actor ) and four grandsons. His first wife Nonna Mordyukova died last year.", "after_revision": "Vyacheslav Tikhonov (1963 postcard photo) Famous Soviet and Russian actor Vyacheslav Tikhonov died Friday aged 81. Born in 1928, he made his film debut in 1948. The first fame came in 1968, when he featured in Sergei Bondarchuk's Oscar-winning War and Peace as Andrei Bolkonsky and in We'll Live Till Monday in the leading role of a history school teacher. He is best known for his role of the Soviet spy Standartenf\u00fchrer Stirlitz in the famous 1973 television series Seventeen Moments of Spring, Soviet classics about World War II. Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Cabinet Sergei Ivanov , and the former head of the Foreign Intelligence Service , remarked that, \"this role personified an ideal Soviet spy \u2014 smart, refined, intelligent\". His later roles included the portrayal of a KGB General in the 1984 television series TASS Is Authorized to Declare..., also written by Moments author Yulian Semyonov, and the role in the award-winning 1994 film Burnt by the Sun. Russian state broadcasting company VGTRK recently presented a version of the 17 Moments with restored color. It took approximately US $3,000 to colorize each minute of the film, a $ 2,520,000 total cost. The television series Isayev was also released recently by Central Partnership, about the deeds of young Stirlitz, based on the novels by Semyonov. Isayev was played by Daniil Strahov. He was operated on in the Central Clinical Hospital of Moscow last Saturday, but his health remained in a poor condition and he died after a second infarction. Union Of Cinematographists of Russia specifically asked Yuriy Luzhkov, the Moscow mayor, to permit the burial of the People's Artist at Novodevichiye cemetery. The date and place of the funeral will not be decided until Monday. He is survived by second wife Tamara, daughter Anna Tikhonova (also in actoring ) and four grandsons. His first wife , Nonna Mordyukova, died last year.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "on Friday at the age of", "after": "Friday aged", "start_char_pos": 99, "end_char_pos": 122}, {"type": "R", "before": "filmed", "after": "featured", "start_char_pos": 210, "end_char_pos": 216}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 295, "end_char_pos": 298}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "a", "start_char_pos": 345, "end_char_pos": 345}, {"type": "D", "before": "The", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 546, "end_char_pos": 549}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 575, "end_char_pos": 575}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 606, "end_char_pos": 606}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 630, "end_char_pos": 630}, {"type": "R", "before": "told about him that", "after": ", remarked that,", "start_char_pos": 660, "end_char_pos": 679}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 814, "end_char_pos": 814}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 888, "end_char_pos": 891}, {"type": "D", "before": "a", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1079, "end_char_pos": 1080}, {"type": "R", "before": "$3,000 to colorize each minute of the film which gives $", "after": "$3,000 to colorize each minute of the film, a $", "start_char_pos": 1122, "end_char_pos": 1178}, {"type": "D", "before": ".", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1195, "end_char_pos": 1196}, {"type": "R", "before": "Also, the", "after": "cost. 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Brown who represents the Norfolk, Bristol & Middlesex District have won their parties' respective primaries amid low voter turnout to replace the seat of the late Ted Kennedy who died after losing his battle with brain cancer last August. Coakley won out by 47 percent over three other candidates, who included Representative Michael Capuano who represents Massachusetts' 8th congressional district; Alan Khazei , the co-founder and former CEO of City Year , a national youth service organization which was founded in Boston; and Stephen Pagliuca , a managing director of private equity firm Bain Capital and managing partner of the Boston Celtics basketball team. Brown, the State Senator for the Norfolk, Bristol & Middlesex District and an officer in the Army National Guard , won by a landslide with 89 percent over Jack E. Robinson III , an attorney and businessman who ran against Ted Kennedy as the Republican nominee in the 2000 Senate election along seeking two other offices. Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth William F. Galvin said that he expected turnout to be \"very light\" with 500,000 to 900,000 voters out of Massachusetts 4.1 million registered voters participating. He added that the turnout would be much closer to \"to the 5 than to the 9.\" Galvin further noted that turnout would mostly consist of Democrat and Republican voters and not independents noting that, \"My instinct is that the independents are not participating.\" Capuano's campaign hoped that low turnout would help him due to the large number of voters in the Boston area where Capuano is widely known and liked due to his representation of the area plus his past as Mayor of Somerville , Massachusetts. The winner will take over the Senate seat once held by Ted Kennedy himself along with former Presidents John Quincy Adams and the brother of Ted Kennedy, John F. Kennedy. Other notable past Senators include Daniel Webster, Charles Sumner, Henry Cabot Lodge , and his son Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. The winner will replace Paul G. Kirk , a longtime friend of Senator Kennedy who is currently holding the seat as a interim appointee.", "after_revision": "Massachusetts Attorney General Martha Coakley Massachusetts and who represents the Norfolk, Bristol & Middlesex District have won their parties' respective primaries amid low voter turnout to of the late who died after losing his battle with brain cancer last August. Coakley won out by 47 percent over three other candidates, who included Representative who represents ; , the co-founder and former CEO of , a national youth service organization which was founded in Boston; and , a managing director of private equity firm and managing partner of the basketball team. Brown, the State Senator for the Norfolk, Bristol & Middlesex District and an officer in the , won by a landslide with 89 percent over , an attorney and businessman who ran against Ted Kennedy as the Republican nominee in the along seeking two other offices. said that he expected turnout to be \"very light\" with 500,000 to 900,000 voters out of Massachusetts 4.1 million registered voters participating. He added that the turnout would be much closer to \"to the 5 than to the 9.\" Galvin further noted that turnout would mostly consist of Democrat and Republican voters and not independents noting that, \"My instinct is that the independents are not participating.\" Capuano's campaign hoped that low turnout would help him due to the large number of voters in the Boston area where Capuano is widely known and liked due to his representation of the area plus his past as of , Massachusetts. The winner will take over the Senate seat once held by Ted Kennedy himself along with former Presidents and the brother of Ted Kennedy, . Other notable past Senators include , , , and his son The winner will replace , a longtime friend of Senator Kennedy who is currently holding the seat as a interim appointee.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Attorney General Martha Coakley and Massachusetts State Senator Scott P. 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Klingon language alphabet, from Klingon Language Institute Author J. R. R. Tolkien developed Elvish languages for his literary series The Lord of the Rings . The Elvish language was featured in scenes of The Lord of the Rings film trilogy , directed by Peter Jackson . The Klingon language (tlhIngan Hol) was developed by linguist Marc Okrand , initially for use in the 1984 film Star Trek III: The Search for Spock . Okrand drew inspiration from Klingon lines spoken by actor James Doohan in the film Star Trek: The Motion Picture ; Doohan portrayed character Montgomery Scott in the Star Trek series. A dictionary for Klingon developed by Okrand, The Klingon Dictionary sold over 300,000 copies. Klingon became quite popular and has developed a usage among Star Trek fans. The Klingon Terran Research Ensemble in the Netherlands created an opera in Klingon. The play Hamlet by William Shakespeare was translated into Klingon. A German Trekkie who goes by the moniker Klenginem posted videos to YouTube where he raps songs he translated into Klingon by musician Eminem . Klenginem has been cited recently in pieces on constructed language in The New York Times, ABC News Nightline, and National Public Radio . \"You know your alien language has taken off when a German guy translates rap songs into it,\" said National Public Radio of Klenginem. Linguistics professor Frommer received his PhD degree from the University of Southern California (USC), and subsequently shifted his focus into the business arena. He returned to USC to teach at the Marshall School of Business . Cameron tasked Frommer with creating an entire language for the Na'vi people. In an interview with Geoff Boucher of the Los Angeles Times , Frommer voiced hope that the language would continue to be used separate from the movie, as Klingon has. \"I'm still working and I hope that the language will have a life of its own,\" said Frommer. The Na'vi language created by Frommer contains over 1,000 words, as well as a structural system and rules format for usage. Frommer told Vanity Fair that the language was fairly developed, commenting, \"It\u2019s got a perfectly consistent sound system, and grammar, orthography, syntax\". Frommer explained the direction given to him before creating the language, \"Cameron wanted something melodious and musical, something that would sound strange and alien but smooth and appealing.\" The Avatar writer-director provided Frommer with approximately three dozen words of the Na'vi language he used in his scriptment for the film. \"That was the starting point. Probably the most exotic thing I added were ejectives, which are these sorts of popping sounds that are found in different languages from around the world. It's found in Native American languages and in parts of Africa and in Central Asia, the Caucasus,\" explained Frommer. Cameron and Frommer worked together for four years developing the language. The linguistics professor relied on inspiration provided by Cameron, and avoided drawing upon influences from Elvish, Klingon, and the international auxiliary language Esperanto . Sample words in the Na'vi language include \"Unilt\u00ecrantokx\" (oo-neel-tih-RAHN-tokx), meaning \"Avatar\", and \"tireaioang\" (tee-REH-ah-ee-o-ahng), which means \"spirit animal\". Maclean's reported that fans of Avatar were anxious for more instructive material from professor Frommer about the language in order to learn how to speak it with others that appreciated the film. \"The response has been quite remarkable and totally unexpected. I never thought there\u2019d be this level of interest. But I really don\u2019t think of Na\u2019vi as a competitor to Klingon. If it does develop a following, that would be quite wonderful,\" said Frommer of the response to the language from Avatar fans. The Na'vi language is itself a minor plot point in the film Avatar. The character Jake Sully portrayed by Sam Worthington endeavors to learn the language while living on Pandora. A botanist portrayed by actress Sigourney Weaver instructs a scientist played by actor Joel David Moore on how to become conversational in the language. Zoe Salda\u00f1a , the actress behind warrior princess Neytiri in Avatar, picked up the Na'vi language faster than her fellow cast members. \"Zoe owned the language and everyone had to match her, even her accent,\" said Cameron. Salda\u00f1a remarked that the most difficult part about acting in the film was speaking in English with the accent of the Na'vi people. Cameron touted the rich nature of the Na'vi language in publicity for his film. \"We wanted to 'out-Klingon' Klingon. The best sci-fi movies immerse the audience in that world until it doesn't seem alien to them,\" said Cameron to USA Today .", "after_revision": "The release of the movie , written and directed by , has generated increased interest in the field of , also known as conlang. Cameron asked American professor to develop a language spoken by the extraterrestrial people in the film known as the . alphabet, from Author developed for his literary series . The Elvish language was featured in scenes of , directed by . The (tlhIngan Hol) was developed by linguist , initially for use in the 1984 film . Okrand drew inspiration from Klingon lines spoken by actor in the film ; Doohan portrayed character in the Star Trek series. A dictionary for Klingon developed by Okrand, sold over 300,000 copies. Klingon became quite popular and has developed a usage among Star Trek fans. The Klingon Terran Research Ensemble in the created an in Klingon. The play by was translated into Klingon. A German Trekkie who goes by the moniker Klenginem posted videos to YouTube where he raps songs he translated into Klingon by musician . Klenginem has been cited recently in pieces on constructed language in , , and . \"You know your alien language has taken off when a German guy translates rap songs into it,\" said National Public Radio of Klenginem. Linguistics professor Frommer received his degree from the (USC), and subsequently shifted his focus into the business arena. He returned to USC to teach at the . Cameron tasked Frommer with creating an entire language for the Na'vi people. In an interview with Geoff Boucher of the , Frommer voiced hope that the language would continue to be used separate from the movie, as Klingon has. \"I'm still working and I hope that the language will have a life of its own,\" said Frommer. The created by Frommer contains over 1,000 words, as well as a structural system and rules format for usage. Frommer told that the language was fairly developed, commenting, \"It\u2019s got a perfectly consistent sound system, and grammar, orthography, syntax\". Frommer explained the direction given to him before creating the language, \"Cameron wanted something melodious and musical, something that would sound strange and alien but smooth and appealing.\" The Avatar writer-director provided Frommer with approximately three dozen words of the Na'vi language he used in his for the film. \"That was the starting point. Probably the most exotic thing I added were ejectives, which are these sorts of popping sounds that are found in different languages from around the world. It's found in Native American languages and in parts of Africa and in Central Asia, the Caucasus,\" explained Frommer. Cameron and Frommer worked together for four years developing the language. The linguistics professor relied on inspiration provided by Cameron, and avoided drawing upon influences from Elvish, Klingon, and the . Sample words in the Na'vi language include \"Unilt\u00ecrantokx\" (oo-neel-tih-RAHN-tokx), meaning \"Avatar\", and \"tireaioang\" (tee-REH-ah-ee-o-ahng), which means \"spirit animal\". reported that fans of Avatar were anxious for more instructive material from professor Frommer about the language in order to learn how to speak it with others that appreciated the film. \"The response has been quite remarkable and totally unexpected. I never thought there\u2019d be this level of interest. But I really don\u2019t think of Na\u2019vi as a competitor to Klingon. If it does develop a following, that would be quite wonderful,\" said Frommer of the response to the language from Avatar fans. The Na'vi language is itself a minor plot point in the film Avatar. The character Jake Sully portrayed by endeavors to learn the language while living on Pandora. A portrayed by actress instructs a scientist played by actor on how to become conversational in the language. , the actress behind warrior princess Neytiri in Avatar, picked up the Na'vi language faster than her fellow cast members. \"Zoe owned the language and everyone had to match her, even her accent,\" said Cameron. Salda\u00f1a remarked that the most difficult part about acting in the film was speaking in English with the accent of the Na'vi people. Cameron touted the rich nature of the Na'vi language in publicity for his film. \"We wanted to 'out-Klingon' Klingon. The best sci-fi movies immerse the audience in that world until it doesn't seem alien to them,\" said Cameron to .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Avatar", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 25, "end_char_pos": 31}, {"type": "D", "before": "James Cameron", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 58, "end_char_pos": 71}, {"type": "D", "before": "constructed language", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 123, "end_char_pos": 143}, {"type": "R", "before": "linguistics professor Paul Frommer", "after": "professor", "start_char_pos": 192, "end_char_pos": 226}, {"type": "D", "before": "Na'vi", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 312, "end_char_pos": 317}, {"type": "D", "before": "Klingon language", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 320, "end_char_pos": 336}, {"type": "R", "before": "Klingon Language Institute Author J. R. R. 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Prime Minister Tony Blair marked the silence in the garden of 10 Downing Street , and Mayor of London Ken Livingstone paid his respects at Trafalgar Square . At The Open Championship taking place at St Andrews , golfers also paid their respects. Yesterday, Anfield stadium fell in silence during the Liverpool F.C. vs TNS UEFA Champios League football match. In Paris, France , President Jacques Chirac stood in silence at the Elysee Palace before taking part in the Bastille Day parade. The European Parliament marked the silence along with European Commission offices across the EU.", "after_revision": "At , stood on the forecourt in silence, accompanied by . Prime Minister Tony Blair marked the silence in the garden of , and Mayor of London paid his respects at . At taking place at , golfers also paid their respects. Yesterday, fell in silence during the vs football match. In , , President Jacques Chirac stood in silence at the before taking part in the parade. The marked the silence along with offices across the EU.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Buckingham Palace, Queen Elizabeth II", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 3, "end_char_pos": 40}, {"type": "D", "before": "Foot Guards", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 91, "end_char_pos": 102}, {"type": "D", "before": "10 Downing Street", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 167, "end_char_pos": 184}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ken Livingstone", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 207, "end_char_pos": 222}, {"type": "D", "before": "Trafalgar Square", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 244, "end_char_pos": 260}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Open Championship", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 266, "end_char_pos": 287}, {"type": "D", "before": "St Andrews", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 304, "end_char_pos": 314}, {"type": "D", "before": "Anfield stadium", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 362, "end_char_pos": 377}, {"type": "R", "before": "Liverpool F.C. vs TNS UEFA Champios League", "after": "vs", "start_char_pos": 405, "end_char_pos": 447}, {"type": "D", "before": "Paris, France", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 467, "end_char_pos": 480}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 483, "end_char_pos": 483}, {"type": "D", "before": "Elysee Palace", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 533, "end_char_pos": 546}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bastille Day", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 573, "end_char_pos": 585}, {"type": "D", "before": "European Parliament", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 598, "end_char_pos": 617}, {"type": "D", "before": "European Commission", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 648, "end_char_pos": 667}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 262, 350, 463, 593]} {"doc_id": "15180", "revision_depth": "3", "before_revision": "The Governor General of Canada Adrienne Clarkson signed an ordinance today removing David Ahenakew from membership in the Order of Canada . Ahenakew becomes the second person to be stripped of the honor; former NHLPA president Alan Eagleson was the first to be removed in 1998. Eagleson admitted guilt on charges of extortion and obstructing justice. Ahenakew was removed from the Order three days after being convicted of charges of willing promoting hatred against the Jewish people. The charges stem from comments made to a reporter in 2002 about Jews . Ahenakew stated that Jews were \"a disease\" and that Hitler was trying to \"clean up the world\" when he \"fried six million of those guys.\" The Advisory Council of the Order of Canada met on June 29 at Rideau Hall , the residence of the Governor General, to discuss Ahenakew's fate. After the meeting, Ahenakew was sent a letter, asking for him to respond to the possible revocation or surrender his membership voluntarily. A deadline for Ahenakew to respond was set at July 9, which Ahenakew did not. That led to Governor General signing the ordinance to remove Ahenakew from the Order. Ahenakew has to surrender his Order insignia , which consists of a medal , lapel pin, and scroll . Ahenakew loses the right to use post-nominal letters in his name, and loses the right to use the Order motto in his personal coat of arms .", "after_revision": "The signed an ordinance today removing from membership in the . Ahenakew becomes the second person to be stripped of the honor; former president was the first to be removed in . Eagleson admitted guilt on charges of extortion and obstructing justice. Ahenakew was removed from the Order three days after being convicted of charges of willing promoting hatred against the Jewish people. The charges stem from comments made to a reporter in about . Ahenakew stated that Jews were \"a disease\" and that was trying to \"clean up the world\" when he \"fried six million of those guys.\" The Advisory Council of the Order of Canada met on June 29 at , the residence of the Governor General, to discuss Ahenakew's fate. After the meeting, Ahenakew was sent a letter, asking for him to respond to the possible revocation or surrender his membership voluntarily. A deadline for Ahenakew to respond was set at July 9, which Ahenakew did not. That led to Governor General signing the ordinance to remove Ahenakew from the Order. Ahenakew has to surrender his Order , which consists of a , lapel pin, and . 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Students who can apply need to have at least 8.5 GPA on 5 to 10 scale, and have to be younger then 26. Another condition is that they have to work in Serbia for at least 5 years after finishing their graduate studies. Winners will be decided based on their GPA and prestige of the university they apply to . Also, one thousand university seniors will be awarded \u20ac250 a month. The secretary of the Serbian Student Union, Marko Milovanovi\u0107, is satisfied with this action, but also notes that it would be better if economic needs of students were taken into account too . The Fund for young talents will cover about 2.5\\% of students in Serbia.", "after_revision": "One hundred students from Serbia who decide to pursue graduate studies abroad will get \u20ac15,000 a year scholarships from the Fund for Young Talents . Students who wish to apply must have at least an 8.5 GPA on 5 to 10 scale, and must be younger then 26. Additionally, students must commit to work in Serbia for at least 5 years after finishing their graduate studies. Scholarship will be awarded based on the student's GPA and the prestige of the university to which they apply . Also, one thousand university seniors will be awarded \u20ac250 a month. The secretary of the Serbian Student Union, Marko Milovanovi\u0107, is satisfied with this action, but also notes that it would be better if economic needs of students were taken into account as well . 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Micheline Calmy-Rey of Switzerland and Moussa Koussa of Libya will meet in the presence of Miguel \u00c1ngel Moratinos of Spain. All three are the heads of foreign relations for their respective countries. The meeting comes at the urging of Malta and Italy. Libya announced on Tuesday that it has suspended and/or revoked visas given to citizens of the Schengen Area of Europe. Four Italian citizens have been detained at the Tripoli International Airport pending deportation, as their visas have been revoked. Confirming the situation, a Libyan official told Reuters : \"This is right. This decision has been taken. No visas for Europeans, except Britain.\" Malta has had eight citizens turned back. One of these told The Times of Malta, \"They treated us like hostages, not even allowing us out of the room to stretch our legs.\" The European Commission released a statement saying it \"deplores the unilateral and disproportionate\" action by Libya and that affected nations will consider an \"appropriate reaction.\" \"The Commission also regrets that travellers who legally obtained visas before the suspension measure were refused entry when arriving in Libya,\" said EU commissioner for Home Affairs, Cecilia Malmstr\u00f6m . Libya and Switzerland have been in a diplomatic row for many months. In July 2008, the Swiss for two days detained Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi 's son, Hannibal, after hotel staff in Geneva complained of being assaulted. Hannibal was given a suspended sentence and released. Since then, Libya has withdrawn more than US 5 billion ( \u20ac 3.6 billlion) from Swiss banks and cut of oil exports to Switzerland. Libya then detained two Swiss businessmen and sentenced one to 16 months of prison on visa violation charges. In November, 2009, Switzerland asked Schengen nations to restrict Libyan visas. Subsequently, Libyan Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmudi and other officials have been denied Schengen visas. Sawsan Chebli, a senior German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP) said that, \"The EU is Libya\u2019s greatest trade and export partner. This is a leverage the EU could use. However, Italy and other EU member states with close relations with Libya in the past have shown that they are not interested to spoil their relations with Libya whatever Gaddafi\u2019s action may be. That is not likely to change. And the problem is that Gaddafi knows that he is able to divide the EU.\"", "after_revision": "Map of Schengen nations Libya and Switzerland have reportedly agreed to meet in an effort to resolve a diplomatic row about . of Switzerland and Moussa Koussa of Libya will meet in the presence of of Spain. All three are the for their respective countries. The meeting comes at the urging of Malta and Italy. Libya announced on Tuesday that it has suspended and/or revoked visas given to citizens of the of Europe. Four Italian citizens have been detained at the pending deportation, as their visas have been revoked. Confirming the situation, a Libyan official told : \"This is right. This decision has been taken. No visas for Europeans, except Britain.\" Malta has had eight citizens turned back. One of these told of Malta, \"They treated us like hostages, not even allowing us out of the room to stretch our legs.\" The released a statement saying it \"deplores the unilateral and disproportionate\" action by Libya and that affected nations will consider an \"appropriate reaction.\" \"The Commission also regrets that travellers who legally obtained visas before the suspension measure were refused entry when arriving in Libya,\" said EU commissioner for Home Affairs, . Libya and Switzerland have been in a diplomatic row for many months. In July 2008, the Swiss for two days detained Libyan leader 's son, Hannibal, after hotel staff in complained of being assaulted. Hannibal was given a suspended sentence and released. Since then, Libya has withdrawn more than 5 billion ( 3.6 billlion) from Swiss banks and cut of oil exports to Switzerland. Libya then detained two Swiss businessmen and sentenced one to 16 months of prison on visa violation charges. In November, 2009, Switzerland asked Schengen nations to restrict Libyan visas. Subsequently, Libyan Prime Minister and other officials have been denied Schengen visas. Sawsan Chebli, a senior (DGAP) said that, \"The EU is Libya\u2019s greatest trade and export partner. This is a leverage the EU could use. However, Italy and other EU member states with close relations with Libya in the past have shown that they are not interested to spoil their relations with Libya whatever Gaddafi\u2019s action may be. That is not likely to change. And the problem is that Gaddafi knows that he is able to divide the EU.\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "travel visas", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 124, "end_char_pos": 136}, {"type": "D", "before": "Micheline Calmy-Rey", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 139, "end_char_pos": 158}, {"type": "D", "before": "Miguel \u00c1ngel Moratinos", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 230, "end_char_pos": 252}, {"type": "D", "before": "heads of foreign relations", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 281, "end_char_pos": 307}, {"type": "D", "before": "Schengen Area", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 487, "end_char_pos": 500}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tripoli International Airport", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 560, "end_char_pos": 589}, {"type": "D", "before": "Reuters", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 694, "end_char_pos": 701}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Times", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 851, "end_char_pos": 860}, {"type": "D", "before": "European Commission", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 966, "end_char_pos": 985}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cecilia Malmstr\u00f6m", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1332, "end_char_pos": 1349}, {"type": "D", "before": "Muammar al-Gaddafi", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1481, "end_char_pos": 1499}, {"type": "D", "before": "Geneva", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1539, "end_char_pos": 1545}, {"type": "D", "before": "US", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1673, "end_char_pos": 1675}, {"type": "D", "before": "\u20ac", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1688, "end_char_pos": 1689}, {"type": "D", "before": "Baghdadi Mahmudi", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1986, "end_char_pos": 2002}, {"type": "D", "before": "German Council on Foreign Relations", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2080, "end_char_pos": 2115}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 138, 262, 339, 391, 511, 644, 719, 749, 790, 832, 961, 1420, 1576, 1630, 1759, 1869, 1949, 2055, 2187, 2224, 2420, 2450]} {"doc_id": "15757", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Today the Hewlett-Packard Co. has announced that it will be cutting 10\\% or 14,500 of it's full-time staff wil be cut over the course of the next six quarters. HP CEO Mark Hurd, who 's had office for just about three months now , has decided that he wishes to simplify HP's operations by combining sales and marketing directly into business units. The job cuts are expected to save HP $1.9 billion US annually. These cuts are all part of HP's new restructuring plan, the savings from this restructuring will primarily be to \u201coffset market forces\u201d or in other words, to strengthen HP's competitiveness in the market. The job cuts come after prolonged analyst speculation that HP would be announcing between 10,000 and 25,000 losses. Few losses are expected in the areas of Sales nor in Research & Development. The media in Ireland, where HP has over 4,000 employees across seven business units, has reacted cautiously to the announcement urging that more details should be waited for before making any comments. The news however has made national headlines and workers are understandably anxious to find out more details.", "after_revision": "Today the Hewlett-Packard Co. has announced that 10\\% or 14,500 of its full-time staff will be cut over the course of the next six quarters. HP CEO Mark Hurd, who took office about three months ago , has decided to simplify HP's operations by combining sales and marketing directly into business units. The job cuts are expected to save HP US $1.9 billion annually. These cuts are all part of HP's new restructuring plan, the savings from which will primarily be used to \u201coffset market forces\u201d , in other words, to strengthen HP's competitiveness in the market. The job cuts come after prolonged analyst speculation that HP would be announcing between 10,000 and 25,000 losses. Few losses are expected in the areas of Sales or Research & Development. The media in Ireland, where HP has over 4,000 employees across seven business units, has reacted cautiously to the announcement urging that more details should be awaited for before making any comments. The news however has made national headlines and workers are understandably anxious to find out more details.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "it will be cutting", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 49, "end_char_pos": 67}, {"type": "R", "before": "it's", "after": "its", "start_char_pos": 86, "end_char_pos": 90}, {"type": "R", "before": "wil", "after": "will", "start_char_pos": 107, "end_char_pos": 110}, {"type": "R", "before": "'s had office for just", "after": "took office", "start_char_pos": 182, "end_char_pos": 204}, {"type": "R", "before": "now", "after": "ago", "start_char_pos": 224, "end_char_pos": 227}, {"type": "D", "before": "that he wishes", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 242, "end_char_pos": 256}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "US", "start_char_pos": 385, "end_char_pos": 385}, {"type": "D", "before": "US", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 399, "end_char_pos": 401}, {"type": "R", "before": "this restructuring", "after": "which", "start_char_pos": 485, "end_char_pos": 503}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "used", "start_char_pos": 522, "end_char_pos": 522}, {"type": "R", "before": "or", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 549, "end_char_pos": 551}, {"type": "R", "before": "nor in", "after": "or", "start_char_pos": 780, "end_char_pos": 786}, {"type": "R", "before": "waited", "after": "awaited", "start_char_pos": 974, "end_char_pos": 980}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 159, 347, 411, 617, 733, 810, 1012]} {"doc_id": "16289", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Beginning 2006, all horses in the EU must have passports, according to new rules from the European Union. Two thirds of all horses in Sweden are estimated to not have passports, says Britta Lundstr\u00f6m at the Swedish Ministry of Agriculture (Jordbruksverket) to the news agency TT. If the owner of a horse doesn't get a passport for their animal before the end of the year, they will be breaking the law. The Ministry of Agriculture has had problems reaching horse owners who don't reading horse magazines. Because of this, the ministry is planning a campaign this autumn. The passport contains information on the owner, the race and number. A photograph isn't mandatory however, but a description of the horse's appearance is required.", "after_revision": "Beginning in 2006, all horses in the EU will be required to have passports, according to new rules from the European Union. Two thirds of all horses in Sweden are estimated to not have passports, Britta Lundstr\u00f6m at the Swedish Ministry of Agriculture (Jordbruksverket) told news agency TT. If the owner of a horse doesn't get a passport for their animal before the end of the year, they will be breaking the law. The Ministry of Agriculture has had problems reaching horse owners who don't read horse magazines. Because of this, the ministry is planning a campaign this autumn. The passport contains information on the owner, the race and number. A photograph isn't mandatory but a description of the horse's appearance is required.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "in", "start_char_pos": 10, "end_char_pos": 10}, {"type": "R", "before": "must", "after": "will be required to", "start_char_pos": 38, "end_char_pos": 42}, {"type": "D", "before": "says", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 179, "end_char_pos": 183}, {"type": "R", "before": "to the", "after": "told", "start_char_pos": 258, "end_char_pos": 264}, {"type": "R", "before": "reading", "after": "read", "start_char_pos": 481, "end_char_pos": 488}, {"type": "D", "before": "however,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 670, "end_char_pos": 678}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 106, 280, 403, 505, 571, 640]} {"doc_id": "16340", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "250px|Map of Iran. Source: CIA World Factbook International controversy erupted after Iranian officials executed two gay teenagers who were originally reported to be convicted of homosexuality, however later reports released by the Iranian government after international furor claimed the conviction was for the rape of a 13-year-old boy. The two were hanged July 19. Only the age of one of the two executed teens was officially released to the public. He was 18 year old Ayaz Marhoni. The other, Mahmoud Asgari, according to the Iranian Student's News Agency (ISNA) was aged 17, but other news agencies have reported the teenager's age as 16. In the original report by the ISNA it was said that the two were found having sex together when they were both 16. It also reported that they were held and beaten for fourteen months before the execution. The UK-based gay rights group, Outrage! claims the report issued later by the government of Iran is a \"smokescreen\" to justify killing homosexuals. And one media outlet, Direland, has blasted the media holdings of Rupert Murdoch that includes Fox News Channel and The Times newspaper for publishing the subsequent Iranian government issued allegation of rape as matter of fact without mention of the previous stories before international condemnation bearing no such accusations. According to Iranian newspapers, the two boys were given 228 lashes for their other convictions of theft, disrupting public order and public drinking before they were hanged in Edalat (\"Justice\" in English) Square in the Iranian city of Mashhad . The executioners, fearing reprisals, wore masks and anti-riot forces were mobilized to prevent outbreaks of public protests. Photos of the execution released by Iranian Students News Agency showed the two teens crying in the truck driving them to the gallows in Justice Square, located in the northeastern region of the country. Iran has been under fire by international human rights groups for executing teenagers in the past, including the 2004 execution of Atefeh Rajabi , a 16-year-old girl convicted of having sex before marriage . Medical reports, not allowed in the court, had stated that she was mentally ill . Another report, by Iran In Focus, claimed that the two were hanged not for gay sex, but rather for sexually assaulting a thirteen year old boy at knife point. Neither the original Iranian Student's News Agency nor an additional report from the National Council of Resistance of Iran had this allegation, said the United Kingdom based Outrage . Direland Press has noted that the accusation of rape in reports came days after international outrage and detailed reports by other Iranian news agencies. They suggest the recent report is a ploy of the Iranian government to justify its actions. Tatchell told reporters that according to Iranian human rights activists, more than 4,000 lesbians and gay men have been executed in Iran since the ayatollahs seized power in 1979. He said an estimated 100,000 Iranians have been executed in Iran since that time. OutRage! requested the international community see Iran \"as a pariah state\" and to \"break off diplomatic relations, impose trade sanctions, and give practical support to the democratic and left opposition inside Iran.\" In the Unites States, the Human Rights Campaign has called for U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to condemn the executions.", "after_revision": "250px|Map of Iran. Source: CIA World Factbook International controversy erupted after Iranian officials executed two gay teenagers who were originally reported to be convicted of homosexuality, however later reports released by the Iranian government after international claimed the conviction was for the rape of a 13-year-old boy. The two were hanged July 19. Only the age of one of the two executed teens was officially released to the public. He was 18 year old Ayaz Marhoni. The other, Mahmoud Asgari, according to the (ISNA) was aged 17, but other news agencies have reported the teenager's age as 16. In the original report by the ISNA it was said that the two were found having together when they were both 16. It also reported that they were held and beaten for fourteen months before the execution. The UK-based gay rights group, claims the report issued later by the government of Iran is a \"smokescreen\" to justify killing homosexuals. And one media outlet, Direland, has blasted the media holdings of that includes Fox News Channel and The Times newspaper for publishing the subsequent Iranian government issued allegation of rape as matter of fact without mention of the previous stories before international condemnation bearing no such accusations. According to Iranian newspapers, the two boys were given 228 lashes for their other convictions of theft, disrupting public order and public drinking before they were hanged in Edalat (\"Justice\" in English) Square in the Iranian city of . The executioners, fearing reprisals, wore masks and anti-riot forces were mobilized to prevent outbreaks of public protests. Photos of the execution released by Iranian Students News Agency showed the two teens crying in the truck driving them to the in Justice Square, located in the northeastern region of the country. Iran has been under fire by international human rights groups for executing teenagers in the past, including the 2004 execution of , a 16-year-old girl convicted of having . Medical reports, not allowed in the court, had stated that she was . Another report, by Iran In Focus, claimed that the two were hanged not for gay sex, but rather for sexually assaulting a thirteen year old boy at knife point. Neither the original Iranian Student's News Agency nor an additional report from the had this allegation, said the United Kingdom based OutRage! . Direland Press has noted that the accusation of rape in reports came days after international outrage and detailed reports by other Iranian news agencies. They suggest the recent report is a ploy of the Iranian government to justify its actions. Tatchell told reporters that according to Iranian human rights activists, more than 4,000 lesbians and gay men have been executed in Iran since the seized power in 1979. He said an estimated 100,000 Iranians have been executed in Iran since that time. OutRage! requested the international community see Iran \"as a state\" and to \"break off diplomatic relations, impose trade sanctions, and give practical support to the democratic and left opposition inside Iran.\" In the Unites States, the has called for U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to condemn the executions.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "furor", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 271, "end_char_pos": 276}, {"type": "D", "before": "Iranian Student's News Agency", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 530, "end_char_pos": 559}, {"type": "D", "before": "sex", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 722, "end_char_pos": 725}, {"type": "D", "before": "Outrage!", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 880, "end_char_pos": 888}, {"type": "D", "before": "Rupert Murdoch", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1063, "end_char_pos": 1077}, {"type": "D", "before": "Mashhad", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1566, "end_char_pos": 1573}, {"type": "D", "before": "gallows", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1827, "end_char_pos": 1834}, {"type": "D", "before": "Atefeh Rajabi", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2036, "end_char_pos": 2049}, {"type": "D", "before": "sex before marriage", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2091, "end_char_pos": 2110}, {"type": "D", "before": "mentally ill", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2180, "end_char_pos": 2192}, {"type": "D", "before": "National Council of Resistance of Iran", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2439, "end_char_pos": 2477}, {"type": "R", "before": "Outrage", "after": "OutRage!", "start_char_pos": 2529, "end_char_pos": 2536}, {"type": "D", "before": "ayatollahs", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2933, "end_char_pos": 2943}, {"type": "D", "before": "pariah", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3110, "end_char_pos": 3116}, {"type": "D", "before": "Human Rights Campaign", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3293, "end_char_pos": 3314}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 18, 338, 367, 452, 485, 643, 758, 848, 888, 996, 1328, 1575, 1700, 1904, 2112, 2353, 2538, 2693, 2784, 2965, 3047, 3266]} {"doc_id": "163843", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The Westminster Palace, House of Lords on the left. The UK government plans to replace the House of Lords , the upper house of British Parliament , with a duly elected one to make it \"legitimate.\" Ministers working on this proposal plan to style this new chamber loosely on the United States Senate. Transport Secretary Lord Andrew Adonis said on a BBC show, \"The time has now come to make it legitimate in the only way that a legislative assembly can be legitimate in the modern world, which is to be elected.\" He assured that there would be \"firm proposals\" for an elected House of Lords in the Labour Party 's manifesto for the general election in May. He added \"We can do it in this country as most democracies do it: We'd have two chambers, both of which are elected but with the government accountable to the first chamber.\" The Sunday Telegraph has leaked a plan which reveals that the 704 seats would be reduced to 300 seats and its members elected under a system of \" proportional representation \". This new chamber would no longer be known as the House of Lords and citizens will have the privilege to remove incompetent members through a \" recall ballot \". The paper reported that each member would serve up to fifteen years and one-third of the chamber would be elected during the usual general elections. The salary is reported to be around \u00a365,000 per annum. All members should be UK residents and fully domiciled for tax purposes. The Lords scrutinise and revise government legislation and are seen by the public as an undemocratic house or a place for the aristocrats and political appointees. The chamber currently has around 740 members. 92 hold hereditary seats, and 26 are Church of England clergy. The rest are appointed for life. Former prime minister Tony Blair , with the 1999 House of Lords act , had expelled hereditary peers from the upper house, apart from the 92 permitted to remain in the House on an interim basis. Another ten inheritors were created life peers to be able to remain in the House. Lord Adonis commented that this expulsion had \"fundamentally transformed\" the chamber into a \"workmanlike assembly\". A spokesman for the Conservative Party (which is the opposition party) alleged that Labour was playing politics with the electoral system by introducing such proposals before the General election despite having thirteen years to reform the Lords. \"We will work to build a consensus for a mainly elected second chamber to replace the House of Lords,\" he added. For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats; the 1999 Act removed such a right. The Act decreased the membership of the House from 1,330 to 669. The Labour Government is expected to present a bill to remove the remaining 92 hereditary peers from the House. It also introduced in 2009 the Constitutional Reform and Governance Bill, which would end by-elections to replace hereditaries, removing them by steady reduction instead of removing all of them outright.", "after_revision": "The Westminster Palace, House of Lords on the left. The UK government plans to replace the , the upper house of , with a duly elected one to make it \"legitimate.\" Ministers working on this proposal plan to style this new chamber loosely on the United States Senate. Transport Secretary said on a BBC show, \"The time has now come to make it legitimate in the only way that a can be legitimate in the modern world, which is to be elected.\" He assured that there would be \"firm proposals\" for an elected House of Lords in the 's manifesto for the in May. He added \"We can do it in this country as most democracies do it: We'd have two chambers, both of which are elected but with the government accountable to the first chamber.\" has leaked a plan which reveals that the 704 seats would be reduced to 300 seats and its members elected under a system of \" \". This new chamber would no longer be known as the House of Lords and citizens will have the privilege to remove incompetent members through a \" \". The paper reported that each member would serve up to fifteen years and one-third of the chamber would be elected during the usual general elections. The salary is reported to be around \u00a365,000 per annum. All members should be UK residents and fully for tax purposes. The Lords scrutinise and revise government legislation and are seen by the public as an undemocratic house or a place for the aristocrats and political appointees. The chamber currently has around 740 members. 92 hold hereditary seats, and 26 are clergy. The rest are appointed for life. Former prime minister , with the , had expelled from the upper house, apart from the 92 permitted to remain in the House on an interim basis. Another ten inheritors were created life peers to be able to remain in the House. Lord Adonis commented that this expulsion had \"fundamentally transformed\" the chamber into a \"workmanlike assembly\". A spokesman for the (which is the opposition party) alleged that Labour was playing politics with the electoral system by introducing such proposals before the General election despite having thirteen years to reform the Lords. \"We will work to build a consensus for a mainly elected second chamber to replace the House of Lords,\" he added. For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats; the 1999 Act removed such a right. The Act decreased the membership of the House from 1,330 to 669. The is expected to present a bill to remove the remaining 92 hereditary peers from the House. It also introduced in 2009 the Constitutional Reform and Governance Bill, which would end to replace hereditaries, removing them by steady reduction instead of removing all of them outright.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "House of Lords", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 91, "end_char_pos": 105}, {"type": "D", "before": "British Parliament", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 127, "end_char_pos": 145}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lord Andrew Adonis", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 320, "end_char_pos": 338}, {"type": "D", "before": "legislative assembly", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 427, "end_char_pos": 447}, {"type": "D", "before": "Labour Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 597, "end_char_pos": 609}, {"type": "D", "before": "general election", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 631, "end_char_pos": 647}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Sunday Telegraph", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 831, "end_char_pos": 851}, {"type": "D", "before": "proportional representation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 977, "end_char_pos": 1004}, {"type": "D", "before": "recall ballot", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1151, "end_char_pos": 1164}, {"type": "D", "before": "domiciled", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1418, "end_char_pos": 1427}, {"type": "D", "before": "Church of England", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1693, "end_char_pos": 1710}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tony Blair", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1774, "end_char_pos": 1784}, {"type": "D", "before": "1999 House of Lords act", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1796, "end_char_pos": 1819}, {"type": "D", "before": "hereditary peers", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1835, "end_char_pos": 1851}, {"type": "D", "before": "Conservative Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2165, "end_char_pos": 2183}, {"type": "D", "before": "Labour Government", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2707, "end_char_pos": 2724}, {"type": "D", "before": "by-elections", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2905, "end_char_pos": 2917}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 51, 196, 299, 511, 655, 830, 1007, 1167, 1317, 1372, 1445, 1609, 1655, 1718, 1751, 1945, 2027, 2144, 2391, 2504, 2602, 2637, 2702, 2814]} {"doc_id": "176397", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "A 6.2-magnitude aftershock struck a large part of central and southern Chile on Friday morning, but it caused no casualties or major damage, ONEMI reported. The aftershock took place at 06:03 local time ( 10:03 UTC ), and according to the University of Chile Geological Survey , the epicentre was located 26 kilometers to the south of Arauco , 65 kilometers to the south of Concepci\u00f3n , and almost 580 kilometers from Santiago. It had a depth of 54.4 kilometers. However, the United States Geological Survey reported that the aftershock had a depth of 35 kilometers and that it reached a magnitude of 5.9. The Interior Minister, Rodrigo Hinzpeter, informed Radio Cooperativa there were no reports of casualties or damage caused by the aftershock. ONEMI reported on their website that the aftershock reached magnitudes of up to VI in the Mercalli scale , ranging from I to XII, in some towns in the B\u00edo B\u00edo Region . The aftershock provoked panic in the area. ONEMI specified that the intensities of the aftershock were: VI in Lota ; V in Concepci\u00f3n, Parral and Angol ; IV in Temuco , Lonquimay and Puerto Saavedra; and III in Linares , Retiro, Constituci\u00f3n, Valdivia and Panguipulli . At 06:14 (10:14 UTC), SHOA (Chilean Army Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service) ruled out the possibility of a tsunami in the affected area from Pichilemu, O'Higgins Region , until the Los R\u00edos Region .", "after_revision": "A 6.2-magnitude aftershock struck a large part of central and southern Chile on Friday morning, but it caused no casualties or major damage, reported. The aftershock took place at 06:03 local time ( 1003 ), and according to the , the epicentre was located 26 kilometers to the south of , 65 kilometers to the south of , and almost 580 kilometers from Santiago. It had a depth of 54.4 kilometers. However, the reported that the aftershock had a depth of 35 kilometers and that it reached a magnitude of 5.9. The Interior Minister, Rodrigo Hinzpeter, informed there were no reports of casualties or damage caused by the aftershock. reported on their website that the aftershock reached magnitudes of up to VI in the , ranging from I to XII, in some towns in the . The aftershock provoked panic in the area. ONEMI specified that the intensities of the aftershock were: VI in ; V in Concepci\u00f3n, and ; IV in , Lonquimay and Puerto Saavedra; and III in , Retiro, , and . At 06:14 (10:14 UTC), SHOA (Chilean Army Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service) ruled out the possibility of a tsunami in the affected area from , , until the .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "ONEMI", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 141, "end_char_pos": 146}, {"type": "R", "before": "10:03 UTC", "after": "1003", "start_char_pos": 205, "end_char_pos": 214}, {"type": "D", "before": "University of Chile Geological Survey", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 239, "end_char_pos": 276}, {"type": "D", "before": "Arauco", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 335, "end_char_pos": 341}, {"type": "D", "before": "Concepci\u00f3n", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 374, "end_char_pos": 384}, {"type": "D", "before": "United States Geological Survey", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 476, "end_char_pos": 507}, {"type": "D", "before": "Radio Cooperativa", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 657, "end_char_pos": 674}, {"type": "D", "before": "ONEMI", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 747, "end_char_pos": 752}, {"type": "D", "before": "Mercalli scale", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 837, "end_char_pos": 851}, {"type": "D", "before": "B\u00edo B\u00edo Region", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 898, "end_char_pos": 912}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lota", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1025, "end_char_pos": 1029}, {"type": "R", "before": "Parral and Angol", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 1049, "end_char_pos": 1065}, {"type": "D", "before": "Temuco", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1074, "end_char_pos": 1080}, {"type": "D", "before": "Linares", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1125, "end_char_pos": 1132}, {"type": "R", "before": "Constituci\u00f3n, Valdivia and Panguipulli", "after": ", and", "start_char_pos": 1143, "end_char_pos": 1181}, {"type": "D", "before": "Pichilemu, O'Higgins Region", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1330, "end_char_pos": 1357}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1360, "end_char_pos": 1360}, {"type": "D", "before": "Los R\u00edos Region", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1371, "end_char_pos": 1386}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 156, 427, 462, 605, 746, 914, 957, 1031, 1067, 1113, 1183]} {"doc_id": "17705", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "Seoul National University\u2019s Hwang Woo-Suk has reported his findings in the Journal Nature after being involved in producing the first cloned dog . The dog, named Snuppy , was born on April 24th. He is an Afghan hound . The issue presents a whole host of ethical questions for researchers in the stem cell field. Companies like Amgen are interested in the technology, as is accounted in Fortune Magazine for making human-safe pharmaceuticals. The business sector relies on technology improvements to make life saving realities. The Los Angeles Times has reported that Snuppy came from the DNA of the tissue of the ear of the original canine. According to ABC News Associated Press reporter JI-SOO KIM, Korea has declared that we are still a long way from creating clones of monkeys , which have a great deal more human-like traits. Slashdot actually reported an RSS feed yesterday at 4:15 p.m. regarding the BBC and Reuters News articles which told of the two successful terms of gestation for Snuppy. \"the South Korean team only obtained three pregnancies from more than 1,000 embryo transfers into 123 recipients.\" (BBC).", "after_revision": " National University\u2019s has reported his findings in the Journal after being involved in producing the first cloned . The dog, named , was born on April 24. He is an . The issue presents a whole host of ethical questions for researchers in the field. Companies like are interested in the technology, as is accounted in for making human-safe pharmaceuticals. The business sector relies on technology improvements to make life saving realities. The has reported that Snuppy came from the of the tissue of the ear of the original canine. According to Associated Press reporter JI-SOO KIM, Korea has declared that we are still a long way from creating of , which have a great deal more human-like traits. actually reported an yesterday at 4:15 p.m. regarding the BBC and articles which told of the two successful terms of for Snuppy. \"the team only obtained three pregnancies from more than 1,000 transfers into 123 recipients.\" (BBC).", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Seoul", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 5}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hwang Woo-Suk", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 28, "end_char_pos": 41}, {"type": "D", "before": "Nature", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 83, "end_char_pos": 89}, {"type": "D", "before": "dog", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 141, "end_char_pos": 144}, {"type": "D", "before": "Snuppy", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 162, "end_char_pos": 168}, {"type": "R", "before": "24th.", "after": "24.", "start_char_pos": 189, "end_char_pos": 194}, {"type": "D", "before": "Afghan hound", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 204, "end_char_pos": 216}, {"type": "D", "before": "stem cell", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 295, "end_char_pos": 304}, {"type": "D", "before": "Amgen", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 327, "end_char_pos": 332}, {"type": "D", "before": "Fortune Magazine", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 386, "end_char_pos": 402}, {"type": "D", "before": "Los Angeles Times", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 531, "end_char_pos": 548}, {"type": "D", "before": "DNA", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 588, "end_char_pos": 591}, {"type": "D", "before": "ABC News", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 654, "end_char_pos": 662}, {"type": "R", "before": "clones of monkeys", "after": "of", "start_char_pos": 763, "end_char_pos": 780}, {"type": "D", "before": "Slashdot", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 831, "end_char_pos": 839}, {"type": "D", "before": "RSS feed", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 861, "end_char_pos": 869}, {"type": "D", "before": "Reuters News", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 915, "end_char_pos": 927}, {"type": "D", "before": "gestation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 979, "end_char_pos": 988}, {"type": "D", "before": "South Korean", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1006, "end_char_pos": 1018}, {"type": "D", "before": "embryo", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1077, "end_char_pos": 1083}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 146, 194, 218, 311, 441, 526, 640, 830, 1000]} {"doc_id": "180311", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "A colour-coded map of the constituencies contested. Please click the image to expand. This table shows the results for 649 of 650 constituencies in the 2010 general election in the United Kingdom (not including the delayed constituency of Thirsk and Malton , which will hold its election on 27 May). The \"Constituency\" column shows the name of each constituency, linked to the relevant Wikipedia article. the \"Result\" column shows the winning party, and whether they held or gained the seat (and, if relevant, who they gained it from). The \"Votes\" column shows how many votes were received by the winning party, the \"Share\" column their share of the vote, and the \"Swing\" column the swing in the direction of the gaining party. In the general election, people over the age of eighteen around the United Kingdom may choose to vote for a candidate at their local polling booth, and Members of Parliament are elected to each constituency based on the first past the post system. Whichever party has a majority of MPs after all constituencies have announced their results has the opportunity to form a government. The incumbent party before the dissolution of parliament was Gordon Brown's Labour Party , exit polls suggested a small Conservative Party majority, which\u2014when this swing is projected nationally\u2014would cause a hung parliament . The exit polls also suggested that despite reports that support for the Liberal Democrats had surged following the first national televised leaders' debates in the United Kingdom, the Liberal Democrats would suffer from a third party squeeze. On the morning of Friday 7, 2010 the accuracy of the exit polls was demonstrated when it was revealed that there was indeed a hung Parliament and that although the Conservative Party had the greatest number of seats and votes it would be impossible for them to achieve an outright majority. The constitution of the United Kingdom allows for the incumbent Labour Party to first attempt to form a government and incumbent Prime Minister, Gordon Brown announced that he would allow civil servants from the Cabinet Office to help facilitate negotiations. Despite the Labour Party openly courting the Liberal Party, their leader Nick Clegg has stated that as the party with the most seats and most votes the Conservatives have the right to attempt to form a government. Some seats were also be contested by one or more of a number of smaller parties and independents, including the United Kingdom Independence Party, the British National Party , and the Green Party of England and Wales , who all already hold seats in the European Parliament and local government authorities, all hoped to gain their first seats in the House of Commons in this election. History was made when the Greens won their first Parliamentery with their leader Caroline Lucas winning Brighton Pavilion . In Northern Ireland the Alliance Party also won their first seat with Naomi Long taking Peter Robinson 's seat. Overall standings PartySeatsNet gainVotesShare Conservative Party 305 +97 10,681,417 36.1\\% Labour Party 258 -91 8,601,441 29.1\\% Liberal Democrats 57 -5 6,805,665 23.0\\% Democratic Unionist Party 8 -1 168,216 0.6\\% Scottish National Party 6 0 491,386 1.7\\% Sinn F\u00e9in 5 0 171,942 0.6\\% Plaid Cymru 3 +1 165,394 0.6\\% Social Democratic Labour Party 3 0 110,970 0.4\\% Alliance Party 1 +1 42,762 0.1\\% Green Party of England and Wales 1 +1 284,566 1.0\\% Table Colour Party Red Labour Blue Conservative Yellow Liberal Democrats Yellow (Northern Ireland) Alliance Bright Yellow Scottish National Green (England) Green Light Green (Wales) Plaid Cymru Light Green (N. Ireland) Social Democratic and Labour Dark Green Sinn F\u00e9in Brown Democratic Unionist Purple Conservatives and Unionists Grey Independent Black Poll delayed White Undeclared ConstituencyResultVotesShareSwingAberavon Labour hold 16,073 51.9\\% 5.3\\% (to LD) Aberconwy Conservative gain from Lab 10,734 35.8\\% 7.6\\% Aberdeen North Labour hold 16,746 44.4\\% 1.0\\% Aberdeen South Labour hold 15,722 36.5\\% 2.5\\% Aberdeenshire West and Kincardie Liberal Democrat hold 17,362 38.4\\% 4.9\\% (to CON) Airdrie and ShottsLabour hold20,64958.2\\% 3.9\\% (to SNP) Aldershot Conservative hold 21,203 46.7\\% 1.4\\% (to LD) Aldridge-Brownhills Conservative hold 22,913 59.3\\% 12.0\\% (from LAB) Altrincham and Sale West Conservative hold 24,176 48.9\\% 0.8\\% (to LD) Alyn and Deeside Labour hold 15,804 39.6\\% 8.1\\% (to CON) Amber Valley Conservative gain from Lab 17,746 38.6\\% 6.9\\% Angus SNP hold 15,020 39.6\\% 2.2\\% Antrim EastDemocratic Unionist hold13,99345.9\\% Antrim NorthDemocratic Unionist hold19,67246.4\\% Antrim South Democratic Unionist hold 11,536 33.9\\% 3.6\\% (to UCU) Arfon Plaid Cymru gain from Lab9,38336.0\\%3.7\\%Argyle and Bute Liberal Democrat hold14,29231.6\\%2.7\\% (to CON) Arundel and South Downs Conservative hold32,33357.8\\%3.0\\% Ashfield Labour hold16,23933.7\\%17.2\\% (to LD) Ashford Conservative hold29,87854.1\\%2.3\\% (to LD) Ashton Under Lyne Labour hold18,60448.4\\%7.3\\% (to CON) Aylesbury Conservative hold27,73652.2\\% Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock Labour hold21,63247.1\\%0.3\\% (to CON) Ayrshire Central Labour hold20,95047.7\\%1.5\\% Ayrshire North and Arran Labour hold21,86047.4\\%2.3\\% (to SNP) BanburyConservative hold29,703 52.8\\%5.9\\% (to CON) Banff and BuchanSNP hold15,86841.3\\%10.7\\% (to CON) BarkingLabour hold24,62854.3\\%1.7\\%Barnsley CentralLabour hold17,48747.3\\%4.2\\% (to LD)Barnsley EasyLabour hold18,05947.0\\%14.0\\% (to LD)Barrow and FurnessLabour hold21,22648.1\\%0.4\\% (to CON)Basildon and BillericayConservative hold21,98252.8\\%9.3\\%Basildon South and Thurrock EastConservative gain from Lab19,62443.9\\%7.5\\%BasingstokeConservative hold25,59050.5\\%4.6\\%BassrtlawLabour hold25,01850.5\\%0.7\\% (to CON)BathLiberal Democrat hold26,65156.6\\%5.8\\%Batley and Spen Labour hold 21,565 41.5\\% 2.5\\% (to CON)Battersea Conservative gain from Lab 23,103 47.3\\% 6.5\\%BeaconsfieldConservative hold32,05361.1\\%4.7\\%BeckanhamConservative hold27,59757.9\\%3.2\\% (to LD)BedfordConservative gain from Lab17,54638.9\\%5.5\\%Bedforsdhire MidConservative hold28,81552.5\\%2.3\\%Bedfordshire North EastConservative hold30,98955.8\\%2.6\\%Bedfordshire South WestConservative hold26,81552.8\\%0.7\\%Belfast EastAlliance gain from DUP12,83937.2\\%22.9\\%Belfast NorthDemocratic Unionist hold14,81240.0\\%5.0\\% (to SF)Belfast SouthSDLP hold14,02641.0\\%8.4\\%Belfast WestSinn F\u00e9in hold22,84071.1\\%1.1\\%Bermondsey and Old SouthwarkLiberal Democrat hold21,59048.4\\%1.6\\%Berwick-Upon-TweedLiberal Democrat hold16,80643.7\\%8.3\\% (to CON)Banff and BuchanLiberal Democrat hold22,23045.4\\%0.7\\% (to CON)Bethnal Green and BowBanff and BuchanConservative hold22,23045.4\\%1.6\\%Bexhill and BattleConservative hold28,14751.6\\%4.0\\% (to LD)Bexleyheath and CrayfordBirkenhead)Birmingham Edgbaston Labour hold 16,894 40.6\\% 0.5\\% (to CON)Birmingham ErdingtonBirmingham Hall GreenBirmingham Hodge HillBirmingham LadywoodLabour hold19,95055.7\\%2.5\\%Birmingham NorthfieldBirmingham Perry BarrBirmingham Selly Oak Labour hold 17,950 38.5\\% 4.8\\% (to CON)Birmingham YardleyBishop Auckland Labour hold 16,023 39.0\\% 7.2\\% (to CON)BlackburnLabour hold21,75147.8\\%1.1\\%Blackley and BroughtonBlackpool North and CleveleysConservative gain from Lab16,96441.8\\%6.9\\%Blackpool SouthLabour hold14,44941.16.2\\% (to CON)Blaenau GwentLabour gain from Ind 16,974 52.4\\% 29.2\\%Blaydon Labour hold 22,297 49.7\\% 3.3\\%Blyth ValleyBognor Regis and LittlehamptonConservative hold24,08751.4\\%2.3\\%BolsoverLabour hold21,99450.0\\%11.2\\% (to CON)Bolton North EastLabour hold19,87045.9\\%1.3\\% (to CON)Bolton South EastLabour hold18,78247.4\\%5.6\\% (to CON)Bolton West Labour hold 18,327 38.5\\% 4.9\\% (to CON)BootleBoston and SkegnessConservative hold18,78247.4\\%7.0\\%BosworthConservative hold23,13242.6\\%5.9\\% (to LD)Bournemouth EastConservative hold21,32048.4\\%1.8\\%Bournemouth West Conservative hold 18,808 45.1\\% 2.9\\%Bracknell Conservative hold 27,327 52.4\\% 1.0\\% (to LD)Bradford EastBradford SouthBradford WestBraintree Conservative hold 25,901 52.6\\% 6.7\\%Brecon and RadnorshireLiberal Democrat hold17,92946.2\\%0.3\\% (to CON)Brent CentralBrent NorthBrentford and IsleworthBrentwood and OngarConservative hold28,79256.9\\%3.1\\%BridgendLabour hold13,93136.3\\%6.0\\% (to CON)Bridgwater and Somerset West Conservative hold 24,675 45.3\\% 2.9\\% (to LD)Brigg and GooleConservative gain from Lab19,68044.9\\%9.8\\%Brighton KemptownBrighton Pavilion Green gain from Lab 16,238 31.3\\% 8.4\\%Bristol EastLabour hold16,47136.6\\%4.5\\% (to CON)Bristol North WestBristol SouthBristol WestLiberal Democrat hold26,59348.0\\%9.0\\%BroadlandBromley and ChislehurstBromsgroveBroxbourneConservative hold26,84458.8\\%6.4\\%BroxtoweConservative gain from Lab20,58539.0\\%2.6\\%BuckinghamBurnleyLiberal Democrat gain from Lab14,93235.7\\%9.6\\%BurtonConservative gain from Lab22,18844.5\\%8.7\\%Bury NorthBury SouthBury St EdmundsConservative hold27,89947.5\\%2.8\\%CaerphillyLabour hold17,37744.9\\%6.5\\% (to CON)Caithness, Sutherland and Easter RossLiberal Democrat hold11,90741.4\\%6.4\\% (to LAB)Calder ValleyCamberwell and PeckhamCambourne and Redruth Conservative gain from Lib37.6\\%15,9695.2\\%Cambridge Liberal Democrat hold 19,621 39.1\\% 7.0\\% (to CON)Cambridgeshire North EastConservative hold26,86251.4\\%0.8\\%Cambridgeshire North WestConservative hold29,42550.05\\%2.6\\%Cambridgeshire SouthConservative hold27,99547.4\\%2.5\\% (to LD)Cambridgeshire South EastConservative hold27,62948.0\\%2.7\\% (to LD)Cannock ChaseConservative gain from Lab18,27140.1\\%14.0\\%Canterbury Conservative hold22,05044.8\\%5.4\\% (to LD)Cardiff CentralCardiff NorthCardiff South and Penarth Labour hold 17,262 38.9\\% 6.0\\% (to CON)Cardiff West Labour hold 16,893 41.2\\% 5.3\\% (to CON)Carlisle Carmarthen East and Dinefwr Plaid Cymru hold 13,546 35.6\\% 4.2\\% (to LAB)Carmarthen West and Pembrokeshire South Conservative gain from Lab 16,649 41.1\\% 6.9\\%Carshalton and WallingtonCastle PointCeredigionCharnwoodChatham and AylesfordCheadleChelmsfordChelsea and FulhamCheltenhamChelsham and AmershamChester, City ofChesterfieldChichesterChingford and Woodford GreenChippenhamChipping BarnetChorleyChristchurchCities of London and WestminsterClactonCleethorpesConservative gain from Lab18,93942.1\\%7.8\\%Clwyd South Labour hold13,31138.4\\%5.8\\% (to CON)Clwyd West Conservative hold 15,833 41.5\\% 8.4\\%Coatbridge, Chryson and BellshillColchesterColne ValleyCongleton Conservative hold 23,250 45.8\\% 2.3\\% (to LD)Copeland Labour hold 19,699 46.0\\% 2.1\\% (to CON)Corby Conservative gain from Lab 22,886 42.2\\% 3.4\\%Cornwall North Liberal Democrat hold22,51248.1\\%0.3\\% (to CON)Cornwall South East Conservative gain from Lib22,39045.1\\%9.1\\%The Cotswolds Conservative hold 29,075 53.0\\% 1.1\\%Coventry North East Labour hold 21,384 49.3\\% 5.5\\% (to CON)Coventry North West Labour hold 19,936 42.8\\% 3.9\\% (to CON)Coventry South Labour hold 19,197 41.8\\% 3.4\\% (to CON)Crawley Conservative gain from Lab 21,264 44.8\\% 6.3\\%Crewe and Nantwich Conservative gain from Lab 23,420 45.8\\% 13.7\\%Croydon Central Conservative gain from Lab | 19,657 | 39.5\\% | 3.3\\% |- |Croydon North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 28,949 | 56.0\\% | 0.3\\% |- |Croydon South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 28,684 | 50.9\\% | 1.7\\% (to LD) |- |Cumbernauld, Kilsyth and Kirkintilloch East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 23,549 | 57.2\\% | 1.9\\% |- |Cynon Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,681 | 52.5\\% | 8.6\\% (to PC) |- |Dagenham and Rainham | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,813 |40.3\\% |4.9\\% (to CON) |- |Darlington | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |16,891 |39.4\\% |9.1\\% (to CON) |- |Dartford | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lab |24,428 |48.8\\% |11.6\\% |- |Daventry | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 29,252 | 56.5\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- |Delyn | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,083 | 40.8\\% | 6.7\\% (to CON) |- |Denton and Reddish | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |19,191 |51.0\\% |6.2\\% (to CON) |- |Derby North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 14,896 | 33.0\\% | 7.4\\% (to CON) |- |Derby South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,851 |43.3\\% |9.3\\% (to CON) |- |Derbyshire Dales | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,378 | 52.1\\% | 3.7\\% |- |Derbyshire Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative hold |22,877 |48.3\\% |5.7\\% |- |Derbyshire North East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,948 |38.2\\% |8.6\\% (to CON) |- |Derbyshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lab |22,935 |45.5\\% |9.8\\% |- |Devizes | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Devon Central | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 27,737 | 51.5\\% | 6.1\\% |- |Devon East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |48.3\\% |25,662 | |- |Devon North | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat hold |24,305 |47.4\\% |0.3\\% |- |Devon South West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |27,908 |56.0\\% |5.6\\% |- |Devon West and Torridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dewsbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Don Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Doncaster Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Doncaster North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Doset Mid and Poole North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dorset North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dorset South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative gain from Lab |22,667 |45.1\\% |9.3\\% |- |Dorset West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |27,287 |47.6\\% | |- |Dover | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Down North | width=5px; style=\"background:grey\"| |Independent gain from UCU |21,181 |63.3\\% | |- |Down South | width=5px; style=\"background:#3c3\" | |SDLP hold |20,648 |48.5\\% | |- |Dudley North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dudley South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dulwich and West Norwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dumfries and Galloway | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dunfiesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dunbartonshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dunbartonshire West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dundee East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dundee West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dunfermine and Fife West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |City of Durham | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |20,496 |44.3\\% | |- |Durham North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |20,698 |50.5\\% | |- |Durham North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dwyfor Meirionnydd | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ealing Central and Acton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ealing North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ealing Southall | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Easington | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |20,579 |58.9\\% | |- |East Ham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |East Lothian | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Eastbourne | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Eastleigh | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Eddisbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Edinburgh East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,305 | 43.4\\% | |- |Edinburgh North and Leith | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Edinburgh South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Edinburgh South West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 19,473 | 42.8\\% | |- |Edinburgh West | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat hold | 16,684 | 35.9\\% | -11.4\\% |- |Edmonton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ellesmere Port and Neston | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Elmet and Rothwell | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Eltham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Enfield North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Enfield Southgate | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Epping Forest | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Epsom and Ewell | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Erewash | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Erith and Thameshead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Esher and Walton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Exeter | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,942 |38.2\\% | |- |Falkirk | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |23,207 |45.7\\% | |- |Fareham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |30,037 |55.3\\% | |- |Faversham and Kent Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Feltham and Heston | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Fermanagh and South Tyrone | width=5px; style=\"background:#060\"| | Sinn F\u00e9in hold |21,304 |45.5\\% | |- |Fife North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Filton and Bradley Stoke | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Finchley and Golders Green | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Folkestone and Hythe | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Forest of Dean | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Foyle | width=5px; style=\"background:#3c3\" | |SDLP hold |16,922 |44.7\\% | |- |Flyde | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gainsborough | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |24,266 |49.3\\% | |- |Garston and Halewood | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |25,493 |59.5\\% | |- |Gateshead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gedling | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,821 |41.1\\% | |- |Gillingham and Rainham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glasgow Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glasgow East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,797 |61.6\\% | |- |Glasgow North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glasgow North East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,100 | 68.3\\% | |- |Glasgow North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glasgow South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glasgow South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glenrothes | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gloucester | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gordon | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gosport | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gower | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Grantham and Stamford | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gravesham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 22,956 | 48.5\\% | 9.1\\% |- |Great Grimsby | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |10,777 |32.7\\% |10.5\\% (to CON) |- |Great Yarmouth | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Greenwich and Woolwich | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Guildford | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative hold |29,618 |53.3\\% |6.9\\% |- |Hackney North and Stoke Newington | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hackney South and Shoreditch | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Halesowen and Rowley Regis | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Halifax | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Haltemprice and Howden | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,486 | 50.2\\% | 6.6\\% |- |Halton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hammersmith | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,810 | 43.9\\% | 0.5\\% (to CON) |- |Hampshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hampshire North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hampshire North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hampstead and Kilburn | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Harborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Harlow | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Harrogate and Knaresborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Harrow East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative gain from Lab | 21,435 | 44.7\\% | 7.0\\% (to CON) |- |Harrow West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,111 | 43.6\\% | 5.7\\% (to CON) |- |Hartlepool | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Harwich and Essex North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hastings and Rye | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Havant | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hayes and Harlington | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hazel Grove | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hemel Hempstead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hemsworth | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hendon | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Henley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hereford and Herefordshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lib |22,366 |46.2\\% |3.8\\% |- |Herefordshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,631 | 51.8\\% | 3.8\\% (to LD) |- |Hertford and Stortford | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 29,810 | 53.8\\% | |- |Hertfordshire North East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 26,995 | 53.5\\% | 1.9\\% (to LD) |- |Hertfordshire South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hertsmere | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 26,476 | 56.0\\% | 5.6\\% |- |Hexham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Heywood and Middleton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |High Peak | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hitchin and Harpenden | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Holborn and St Pancras | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hornchurch and Upminster | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hornsey and Wood Green | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Horsham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Houghton and Sunderland South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 19,137 | 50.3\\% | 8.4\\% (to CON) |- |Hove | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Huddersfield | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,725 | 38.8\\% | 7.1\\% (to CON) |- |Hull East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hull North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 13,044 | 39.2\\% | 12.2\\% (to LD) |- |Hull West and Hessle | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Huntingdon | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hyndburn | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ilford North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ilford South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Inverclyde | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ipswich | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Isle of Wight | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Islington North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 24,276 | 54.5\\% | |- |Islington South and Finsbury | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 18,407 | 42.3\\% | 3.3\\% |- |Islwyn | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Jarrow | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 20,910 | 53.9\\% | 6.4\\% |- |Keighley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kenilworth and Southam | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kensington | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 17,595 | 50.1\\% | 5.2\\% |- |Kettering | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kilmarnock and Loudoun | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kingston and Surbiton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kingswood | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kilcaldy and Cowdenbeath | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Knowsley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lagan Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:#c30\"| |Democratic Unionist hold |18,199 |49.8\\% | |- |Lanark and Hamilton East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lancashire West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lancaster and Fleetwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leeds Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 18,434 | 49.3\\% | |- |Leeds East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leeds North East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,287 | 42.7\\% | |- |Leeds North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leeds West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 16,389 | 42.3\\% | |- |Leicester East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leicester South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 27,000 | 49.5\\% | |- |Leicester West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leicestershire North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leicestershire South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leigh | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 24,295 | 51.3\\% | |- |Lewes | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lewisham Deptford | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lewisham East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lewisham West and Penge | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leyton and Wanstead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lichfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lincoln | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Linlithgow and Falkirk East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Liverpool Riverside | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 22,998 | 59.3\\% | |- |Liverpool Walton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Liverpool Wavertree | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Liverpool West Derby | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Livingston | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Llanelli | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,916 | 42.5\\% | 4.0\\% (to PC) |- |Londonderry East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Loughborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Louth and Horncastle | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 25,065 | 49.6\\% | |- |Ludlow | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Luton North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |21,192 |49.3\\% |0.5\\% |- |Luton South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 14,725 | 34.9\\% | 4.6\\% (to CON) |- |Macclesfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Maidenhead | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | |Conservative hold |31,937 |59.5\\% |7.8\\% |- |Maidstone and the Weald | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 23,491 | 48.0\\% | |- |Makerfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Maldon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Manchester Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Manchester Gorton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Manchester Withington | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Mansfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Meon Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Meriden | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Middlesbrough | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Middlesbrough South and Cleveland East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 18,138 | 39.2\\% | |- |Midlothian | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Milton Keynes North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Milton Keynes South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Mitcham and Morden | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 24,722 | 56.4\\% | |- |Mole Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,263 | 57.5\\% | 2.3\\% |- |Monmouth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Montgomeryshire | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Moray | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Morecambe and Lunesdale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Morley and Outwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Motherwell and Wishaw | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Na H-Eileanan An Iar | width=5px; style=\"background:#ff0\" | | SNP hold |6,723 |45.75\\% | |- |Neath | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |New Forest East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |New Forest West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newark | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newcastle-Under-Lyme | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newcastle upon Tyne Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,692 | 45.9\\% | 0.6\\% (to LD) |- |Newcastle upon Tyne East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,043 | 45.0 | 4.6\\% (to LD) |- |Newcastle upon Tyne North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,950 | 40.8 | 4.5\\% (to LD) |- |Newport East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newport West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newry and Armagh | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newton Abbot | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lib |20,774 |43.0\\% |5.8\\% |- |Norfolk Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Norfolk North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Norfolk North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Norfolk South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Norfolk South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Northampton North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Northampton South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Northamptonshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 33,081 | 55.2\\% | |- |Norwich North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Norwich South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Nottingham East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Nottingham North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Nottingham South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Nuneaton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Ochil and Perthshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 19,131 | 37.9\\% | |- |Ogmore | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Old Bexley and Sidcup | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Oldham East and Saddleworth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Oldham West and Royton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Orkney and Shetland | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Orpington | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Oxford East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Oxford West and Abingdon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Paisley and Renfrewshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Paisley and Renfrewshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Pendle | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Penistone and Stocksbridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Penrith and the Border | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Perth and Perthshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:#ff0\" | | SNP hold | 19,118 | 39.6\\% | 2.9\\% |- |Peterborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Plymouth Moor View | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold |15,433 |37.2\\% |7.8\\% (to CON) |- |Plymouth Sutton and Devonport | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lab |15,050 |34.3\\% |6.9\\% |- |Pontypridd | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 14,220 | 38.8\\% | |- |Poole | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Poplar and Limehouse | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Portsmouth North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Portsmouth South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Preseli Pembrokeshire | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Preston | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Pudsey | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Putney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rayleigh and Wickford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Reading East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Reading West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Redcar | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat gain from Lab | 18,955 | 45.2\\% | 21.8\\% |- |Redditch | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Reigate | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Renfrewshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rhondda | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Ribble Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Richmond Yorks | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Richmond Park | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rochdale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rochester and Strood | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 23,604 | 49.2\\% | |- |Rochford and Southend East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Romford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Romsey and Southampton North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Ross, Skye and Lochaber | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rossendale and Darwen | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rother Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rotherham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rugby | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Runnymede and Weybridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rushcliffe | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rutherglen and Hamilton West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rutland and Melton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Saffron Walden | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |St Albans | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |St Austell and Newquay | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |20,189 |42.7\\% | |- |St Helens North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 23,041 | 51.7\\% | |- |St Helens South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 24,364 | 52.9\\% | |- |St Ives | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Salford and Eccles | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,655 | 40.1\\% | |- |Salisbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Scarborough and Whitby | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 21,108 | 42.8\\% | |- |Scunthorpe | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sedgefield | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold |18,141 |45.1\\% |11.6\\% (to CON) |- |Sefton Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Selby and Ainsty | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 25,562 | 49.4\\% | |- |Sevenoaks | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | 'Labour hold | 21,400 | 55.0\\% | |- |Sheffield Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\"red\" | | Labour hold | 17,138 | 41.3\\% | |- |Sheffield Hallam | width=5px; style=\"background:\"#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat Hold | 27,324 | 53.4\\% | |- |Sheffield Heeley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sheffield South East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 20,169 | 48.7\\% | |- |Sherwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Shipley | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 24,002 | 48.6\\% | |- |Shrewsbury and Atcham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Shropshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 26,692 | 51.5\\% | |- |Sittingbourne and Sheppey | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Skipton and Ripon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sleaford and North Hykeham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 30,719 | 51.6\\% | |- |Slough | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Solihull | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat gain from Con | 23,635 | 42.9\\% | 0.3\\% |- |Somerset North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Somerset North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Somerton and Frome | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |28,793 |47.5\\% | |- |South Holland and the Deepings | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |South Ribble | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |South Shields | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 18,995 | 52.0\\% | |- |Southampton Itchen | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,326 | 36.8\\% | |- |Southampton Test | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 17,001 | 38.5\\% | |- |Southampton West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Southport | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Spelthorne | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stafford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Staffordshire Moorlands | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Staffordshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stalybridge and Hyde | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stevenage | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stirling | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour hold |19,558 |41.8\\% | |- |Stockport | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,697 | 42.7\\% | |- |Stockton North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stockton South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stoke-on-Trent Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stoke-on-Trent North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stoke-on-Trent South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 15,446 | 38.8\\% | |- |Stone | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stourbridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Strangford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stratford-on-Avon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Streatham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stretford and Urmston | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stroud | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |suffolk Central and Ipswitch North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Suffolk Coastal | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Suffolk South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Suffolk West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sunderland Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour win (new seat) |19,495 |45.9\\% | |- |Surrey East (UK Parliament constituency) | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,007 | 56.7\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- |Surrey Heath | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,326 | 57.6\\% | 4.6\\% |- |Surrey South West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 33,605 | 58.7\\% | 8.6\\% |- |Sussex Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | |Conservative hold |28,329 |50.7\\% |0.3\\% |- |Sutton and Cheam | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sutton Coldfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Swansea East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Swansea West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Swindon North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Swindon South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tamworth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tatton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Taunton Deane | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |28,531 |49.1\\% | |- |Telford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tewkesbury | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 25,472 | 47.2\\% | |- |Thanet North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Thanet South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Thirsk and Malton | width=5px; style=\"background:black\" | | Delayed until 27 May'' | | | |- |Thornbury and Yate | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Thurrock | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tiverton and Honiton | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 27,614 | 50.3\\% | |- |Tonbridge and Malling | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tooting | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Torbay | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |23,126 |47.0\\% | |- |Torfaen | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Totnes | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold|21,940 |45.9\\% | |- |Tottenham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Truro and Falmouth | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lib |20,349 |41.7\\% | |- |Tunbridge Wells | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Twickenham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tynemouth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tyneside North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tyrone West | width=5px; style=\"background:#060\" | |Sinn F\u00e9in hold|18,050 |48.4\\% | |- |Ulster Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Upper Bann | width=5px; style=\"background:#c30\" | |Democratic Unionist hold|14,000 |33.8\\% | |- |Uxbridge and Ruiislip South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Vale of Clwyd | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold|15,017 |42.3\\% | |- |Vale of Glamorgan | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Vauxhall | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wakefield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wallasey | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Walsall North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 13,385 | 37.0\\% | |- |Walsall South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,211 | 39.7\\% | |- |Walthamstow | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wansbeck | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wantage | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Warley | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 20,240 | 52.9\\% | |- |Warrington North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Warrington South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Warwick and Leamington | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Warwickshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Washington and Sunderland West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour win (new seat) |19,615 |53\\% | |- |Watford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Waveney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wealden | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 31,090 | 56.6\\% | |- |Weaver Vale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wellingborough | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 24,918 | 48.2\\% | |- |Wells | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat gain from Con |24,560 |44.0\\% |3.6\\% |- |Welwyn Hatfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wentworth and Dearne | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |West Bromwich East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |West Bromwich West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |West Ham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Westminster North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,377 | 43.9\\% | |- |Westmorland and Lonsdale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Weston Super-Mare | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wigan | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wiltshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wiltshire South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wimbledon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Winchester | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Windsor | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wirral South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 16,276 | 40.8\\% | |- |Wirral West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 16,726 | 42.5\\% | |- |Witham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Witney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Woking | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 26,551 | 50.3\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- |Wokingham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 28,754 | 52.7\\% | 4.7\\% |- |Wolverhampton North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wolverhampton South East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wolverhampton South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Worcester | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Worcestershire Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 27,770 | 54.5\\% | |- |Worcestershire West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Workington | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,865 | 45.5\\% | |- |Worsley and Eccles South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,892 | 42.9\\% | |- |Worthing East and Shoreham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 23,458 | 48.5\\% | |- |Worthing West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 25,416 | 51.7\\% | |- |The Wreckin | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wrexham | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 12,161 | 36.9\\% | 5.7\\% |- |Wycombe | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 23,423 | 48.6\\% | |- |Wyre and Preston North | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 26,877 | 52.4\\% | 3.9\\% |- |Wyre Forest | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 11,490 | 33.4\\% | |- |Wythenshawe and Sale East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,987 | 44.1\\% | |- |Yeovil | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold| 31,843 | 55.7\\% | 2.7\\% |- |Ynys Mon | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 11,490 | 33.4\\% | 1.8\\% |- |York Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 18,573 | 40.0\\% | 6.0\\% (to CON) |- |York Outer | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats | 22,912 | 43\\% | 3.7\\% |- |Yorkshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold''' 24,328 47.5\\% 0.1\\% (to LD)", "after_revision": "A colour-coded map of the constituencies contested. Please click the image to expand. This table shows the results for 649 of 650 constituencies in the in the United Kingdom (not including the delayed constituency of , which will hold its election on 27 May). The \"Constituency\" column shows the name of each constituency, linked to the relevant Wikipedia article. the \"Result\" column shows the winning party, and whether they held or gained the seat (and, if relevant, who they gained it from). The \"Votes\" column shows how many votes were received by the winning party, the \"Share\" column their share of the vote, and the \"Swing\" column the in the direction of the gaining party. In the general election, people over the age of eighteen around the United Kingdom may choose to vote for a candidate at their local polling booth, and Members of Parliament are elected to each constituency based on the system. Whichever party has a majority of MPs after all constituencies have announced their results has the opportunity to form a government. The incumbent party before the dissolution of parliament was Gordon Brown's , exit polls suggested a small majority, which\u2014when this swing is projected nationally\u2014would cause a . The exit polls also suggested that despite reports that support for the had surged following the first national televised leaders' debates in the United Kingdom, the Liberal Democrats would suffer from a third party squeeze. On the morning of Friday 7, 2010 the accuracy of the exit polls was demonstrated when it was revealed that there was indeed a hung Parliament and that although the Conservative Party had the greatest number of seats and votes it would be impossible for them to achieve an outright majority. The constitution of the United Kingdom allows for the incumbent Labour Party to first attempt to form a government and incumbent Prime Minister, announced that he would allow civil servants from the Cabinet Office to help facilitate negotiations. Despite the Labour Party openly courting the Liberal Party, their leader has stated that as the party with the most seats and most votes the Conservatives have the right to attempt to form a government. Some seats were also be contested by one or more of a number of smaller parties and independents, including the , the , and the , who all already hold seats in the and local government authorities, all hoped to gain their first seats in the in this election. History was made when the Greens won their first Parliamentery with their leader winning . In Northern Ireland the also won their first seat with taking 's seat. Overall standings PartySeatsNet gainVotesShare 305 +97 10,681,417 36.1\\% 258 -91 8,601,441 29.1\\% 57 -5 6,805,665 23.0\\% 8 -1 168,216 0.6\\% 6 0 491,386 1.7\\% 5 0 171,942 0.6\\% 3 +1 165,394 0.6\\% 3 0 110,970 0.4\\% 1 +1 42,762 0.1\\% 1 +1 284,566 1.0\\% Table Colour Party Red Blue Yellow Yellow (Northern Ireland) Bright Yellow Green (England) Light Green (Wales) Light Green (N. Ireland) Dark Green Brown Purple Grey Black Poll delayed White Undeclared ConstituencyResultVotesShareSwing Labour hold 16,073 51.9\\% 5.3\\% (to LD) Conservative gain from Lab 10,734 35.8\\% 7.6\\% Labour hold 16,746 44.4\\% 1.0\\% Labour hold 15,722 36.5\\% 2.5\\% Liberal Democrat hold 17,362 38.4\\% 4.9\\% (to CON) Labour hold20,64958.2\\% 3.9\\% (to SNP) Conservative hold 21,203 46.7\\% 1.4\\% (to LD) Conservative hold 22,913 59.3\\% 12.0\\% (from LAB) Conservative hold 24,176 48.9\\% 0.8\\% (to LD) Labour hold 15,804 39.6\\% 8.1\\% (to CON) Conservative gain from Lab 17,746 38.6\\% 6.9\\% SNP hold 15,020 39.6\\% 2.2\\% Democratic Unionist hold13,99345.9\\% Democratic Unionist hold19,67246.4\\% Democratic Unionist hold 11,536 33.9\\% 3.6\\% (to UCU) Plaid Cymru gain from Lab9,38336.0\\%3.7\\%Argyle and Bute Liberal Democrat hold14,29231.6\\%2.7\\% (to CON) Conservative hold32,33357.8\\%3.0\\% Labour hold16,23933.7\\%17.2\\% (to LD) Conservative hold29,87854.1\\%2.3\\% (to LD) Labour hold18,60448.4\\%7.3\\% (to CON) Conservative hold27,73652.2\\% Labour hold21,63247.1\\%0.3\\% (to CON) Labour hold20,95047.7\\%1.5\\% Labour hold21,86047.4\\%2.3\\% (to SNP) Conservative hold29,703 52.8\\%5.9\\% (to CON) SNP hold15,86841.3\\%10.7\\% (to CON) Labour hold24,62854.3\\%1.7\\%Barnsley CentralLabour hold17,48747.3\\%4.2\\% (to LD)Barnsley EasyLabour hold18,05947.0\\%14.0\\% (to LD)Barrow and FurnessLabour hold21,22648.1\\%0.4\\% (to CON)Basildon and BillericayConservative hold21,98252.8\\%9.3\\%Basildon South and Thurrock EastConservative gain from Lab19,62443.9\\%7.5\\%BasingstokeConservative hold25,59050.5\\%4.6\\%BassrtlawLabour hold25,01850.5\\%0.7\\% (to CON)BathLiberal Democrat hold26,65156.6\\%5.8\\%Batley and Spen Labour hold 21,565 41.5\\% 2.5\\% (to CON)Battersea Conservative gain from Lab 23,103 47.3\\% 6.5\\%BeaconsfieldConservative hold32,05361.1\\%4.7\\%BeckanhamConservative hold27,59757.9\\%3.2\\% (to LD)BedfordConservative gain from Lab17,54638.9\\%5.5\\%Bedforsdhire MidConservative hold28,81552.5\\%2.3\\%Bedfordshire North EastConservative hold30,98955.8\\%2.6\\%Bedfordshire South WestConservative hold26,81552.8\\%0.7\\%Belfast EastAlliance gain from DUP12,83937.2\\%22.9\\%Belfast NorthDemocratic Unionist hold14,81240.0\\%5.0\\% (to SF)Belfast SouthSDLP hold14,02641.0\\%8.4\\%Belfast WestSinn F\u00e9in hold22,84071.1\\%1.1\\%Bermondsey and Old SouthwarkLiberal Democrat hold21,59048.4\\%1.6\\%Berwick-Upon-TweedLiberal Democrat hold16,80643.7\\%8.3\\% (to CON)Banff and BuchanLiberal Democrat hold22,23045.4\\%0.7\\% (to CON)Bethnal Green and BowBanff and BuchanConservative hold22,23045.4\\%1.6\\%Bexhill and BattleConservative hold28,14751.6\\%4.0\\% (to LD)Bexleyheath and CrayfordBirkenhead)Birmingham Edgbaston Labour hold 16,894 40.6\\% 0.5\\% (to CON)Birmingham ErdingtonBirmingham Hall GreenBirmingham Hodge HillBirmingham LadywoodLabour hold19,95055.7\\%2.5\\%Birmingham NorthfieldBirmingham Perry BarrBirmingham Selly Oak Labour hold 17,950 38.5\\% 4.8\\% (to CON)Birmingham YardleyBishop Auckland Labour hold 16,023 39.0\\% 7.2\\% (to CON)BlackburnLabour hold21,75147.8\\%1.1\\%Blackley and BroughtonBlackpool North and CleveleysConservative gain from Lab16,96441.8\\%6.9\\%Blackpool SouthLabour hold14,44941.16.2\\% (to CON)Blaenau GwentLabour gain from Ind 16,974 52.4\\% 29.2\\%Blaydon Labour hold 22,297 49.7\\% 3.3\\%Blyth ValleyBognor Regis and LittlehamptonConservative hold24,08751.4\\%2.3\\%BolsoverLabour hold21,99450.0\\%11.2\\% (to CON)Bolton North EastLabour hold19,87045.9\\%1.3\\% (to CON)Bolton South EastLabour hold18,78247.4\\%5.6\\% (to CON)Bolton West Labour hold 18,327 38.5\\% 4.9\\% (to CON)BootleBoston and SkegnessConservative hold18,78247.4\\%7.0\\%BosworthConservative hold23,13242.6\\%5.9\\% (to LD)Bournemouth EastConservative hold21,32048.4\\%1.8\\%Bournemouth West Conservative hold 18,808 45.1\\% 2.9\\%Bracknell Conservative hold 27,327 52.4\\% 1.0\\% (to LD)Bradford EastBradford SouthBradford WestBraintree Conservative hold 25,901 52.6\\% 6.7\\%Brecon and RadnorshireLiberal Democrat hold17,92946.2\\%0.3\\% (to CON)Brent CentralBrent NorthBrentford and IsleworthBrentwood and OngarConservative hold28,79256.9\\%3.1\\%BridgendLabour hold13,93136.3\\%6.0\\% (to CON)Bridgwater and Somerset West Conservative hold 24,675 45.3\\% 2.9\\% (to LD)Brigg and GooleConservative gain from Lab19,68044.9\\%9.8\\%Brighton KemptownBrighton Pavilion Green gain from Lab 16,238 31.3\\% 8.4\\%Bristol EastLabour hold16,47136.6\\%4.5\\% (to CON)Bristol North WestBristol SouthBristol WestLiberal Democrat hold26,59348.0\\%9.0\\%BroadlandBromley and ChislehurstBromsgroveBroxbourneConservative hold26,84458.8\\%6.4\\%BroxtoweConservative gain from Lab20,58539.0\\%2.6\\%BuckinghamBurnleyLiberal Democrat gain from Lab14,93235.7\\%9.6\\%BurtonConservative gain from Lab22,18844.5\\%8.7\\%Bury NorthBury SouthBury St EdmundsConservative hold27,89947.5\\%2.8\\%CaerphillyLabour hold17,37744.9\\%6.5\\% (to CON)Caithness, Sutherland and Easter RossLiberal Democrat hold11,90741.4\\%6.4\\% (to LAB)Calder ValleyCamberwell and PeckhamCambourne and Redruth Conservative gain from Lib37.6\\%15,9695.2\\%Cambridge Liberal Democrat hold 19,621 39.1\\% 7.0\\% (to CON)Cambridgeshire North EastConservative hold26,86251.4\\%0.8\\%Cambridgeshire North WestConservative hold29,42550.05\\%2.6\\%Cambridgeshire SouthConservative hold27,99547.4\\%2.5\\% (to LD)Cambridgeshire South EastConservative hold27,62948.0\\%2.7\\% (to LD)Cannock ChaseConservative gain from Lab18,27140.1\\%14.0\\%Canterbury Conservative hold22,05044.8\\%5.4\\% (to LD)Cardiff CentralCardiff NorthCardiff South and Penarth Labour hold 17,262 38.9\\% 6.0\\% (to CON)Cardiff West Labour hold 16,893 41.2\\% 5.3\\% (to CON)Carlisle Carmarthen East and Dinefwr Plaid Cymru hold 13,546 35.6\\% 4.2\\% (to LAB)Carmarthen West and Pembrokeshire South Conservative gain from Lab 16,649 41.1\\% 6.9\\%Carshalton and WallingtonCastle PointCeredigionCharnwoodChatham and AylesfordCheadleChelmsfordChelsea and FulhamCheltenhamChelsham and AmershamChester, City ofChesterfieldChichesterChingford and Woodford GreenChippenhamChipping BarnetChorleyChristchurchCities of London and WestminsterClactonCleethorpesConservative gain from Lab18,93942.1\\%7.8\\%Clwyd South Labour hold13,31138.4\\%5.8\\% (to CON)Clwyd West Conservative hold 15,833 41.5\\% 8.4\\%Coatbridge, Chryson and BellshillColchesterColne ValleyCongleton Conservative hold 23,250 45.8\\% 2.3\\% (to LD)Copeland Labour hold 19,699 46.0\\% 2.1\\% (to CON)Corby Conservative gain from Lab 22,886 42.2\\% 3.4\\%Cornwall North Liberal Democrat hold22,51248.1\\%0.3\\% (to CON)Cornwall South East Conservative gain from Lib22,39045.1\\%9.1\\%The Cotswolds Conservative hold 29,075 53.0\\% 1.1\\%Coventry North East Labour hold 21,384 49.3\\% 5.5\\% (to CON)Coventry North West Labour hold 19,936 42.8\\% 3.9\\% (to CON)Coventry South Labour hold 19,197 41.8\\% 3.4\\% (to CON)Crawley Conservative gain from Lab 21,264 44.8\\% 6.3\\%Crewe and Nantwich Conservative gain from Lab 23,420 45.8\\% 13.7\\%Croydon Central Conservative gain from Lab | 19,657 | 39.5\\% | 3.3\\% |- |Croydon North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 28,949 | 56.0\\% | 0.3\\% |- |Croydon South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 28,684 | 50.9\\% | 1.7\\% (to LD) |- |Cumbernauld, Kilsyth and Kirkintilloch East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 23,549 | 57.2\\% | 1.9\\% |- |Cynon Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,681 | 52.5\\% | 8.6\\% (to PC) |- |Dagenham and Rainham | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,813 |40.3\\% |4.9\\% (to CON) |- |Darlington | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |16,891 |39.4\\% |9.1\\% (to CON) |- |Dartford | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lab |24,428 |48.8\\% |11.6\\% |- |Daventry | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 29,252 | 56.5\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- |Delyn | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,083 | 40.8\\% | 6.7\\% (to CON) |- |Denton and Reddish | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |19,191 |51.0\\% |6.2\\% (to CON) |- |Derby North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 14,896 | 33.0\\% | 7.4\\% (to CON) |- |Derby South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,851 |43.3\\% |9.3\\% (to CON) |- |Derbyshire Dales | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,378 | 52.1\\% | 3.7\\% |- |Derbyshire Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative hold |22,877 |48.3\\% |5.7\\% |- |Derbyshire North East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,948 |38.2\\% |8.6\\% (to CON) |- |Derbyshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lab |22,935 |45.5\\% |9.8\\% |- |Devizes | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Devon Central | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 27,737 | 51.5\\% | 6.1\\% |- |Devon East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |48.3\\% |25,662 | |- |Devon North | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat hold |24,305 |47.4\\% |0.3\\% |- |Devon South West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |27,908 |56.0\\% |5.6\\% |- |Devon West and Torridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dewsbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Don Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Doncaster Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Doncaster North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Doset Mid and Poole North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dorset North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dorset South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative gain from Lab |22,667 |45.1\\% |9.3\\% |- |Dorset West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |27,287 |47.6\\% | |- |Dover | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Down North | width=5px; style=\"background:grey\"| |Independent gain from UCU |21,181 |63.3\\% | |- |Down South | width=5px; style=\"background:#3c3\" | |SDLP hold |20,648 |48.5\\% | |- |Dudley North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dudley South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dulwich and West Norwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dumfries and Galloway | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dunfiesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dunbartonshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dunbartonshire West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dundee East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dundee West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dunfermine and Fife West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |City of Durham | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |20,496 |44.3\\% | |- |Durham North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |20,698 |50.5\\% | |- |Durham North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Dwyfor Meirionnydd | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ealing Central and Acton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ealing North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ealing Southall | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Easington | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |20,579 |58.9\\% | |- |East Ham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |East Lothian | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Eastbourne | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Eastleigh | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Eddisbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Edinburgh East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,305 | 43.4\\% | |- |Edinburgh North and Leith | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Edinburgh South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Edinburgh South West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 19,473 | 42.8\\% | |- |Edinburgh West | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat hold | 16,684 | 35.9\\% | -11.4\\% |- |Edmonton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ellesmere Port and Neston | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Elmet and Rothwell | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Eltham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Enfield North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Enfield Southgate | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Epping Forest | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Epsom and Ewell | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Erewash | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Erith and Thameshead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Esher and Walton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Exeter | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,942 |38.2\\% | |- |Falkirk | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |23,207 |45.7\\% | |- |Fareham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |30,037 |55.3\\% | |- |Faversham and Kent Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Feltham and Heston | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Fermanagh and South Tyrone | width=5px; style=\"background:#060\"| | Sinn F\u00e9in hold |21,304 |45.5\\% | |- |Fife North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Filton and Bradley Stoke | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Finchley and Golders Green | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Folkestone and Hythe | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Forest of Dean | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Foyle | width=5px; style=\"background:#3c3\" | |SDLP hold |16,922 |44.7\\% | |- |Flyde | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gainsborough | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |24,266 |49.3\\% | |- |Garston and Halewood | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |25,493 |59.5\\% | |- |Gateshead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gedling | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,821 |41.1\\% | |- |Gillingham and Rainham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glasgow Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glasgow East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,797 |61.6\\% | |- |Glasgow North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glasgow North East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,100 | 68.3\\% | |- |Glasgow North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glasgow South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glasgow South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Glenrothes | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gloucester | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gordon | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gosport | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gower | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Grantham and Stamford | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Gravesham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 22,956 | 48.5\\% | 9.1\\% |- |Great Grimsby | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |10,777 |32.7\\% |10.5\\% (to CON) |- |Great Yarmouth | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Greenwich and Woolwich | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Guildford | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative hold |29,618 |53.3\\% |6.9\\% |- |Hackney North and Stoke Newington | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hackney South and Shoreditch | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Halesowen and Rowley Regis | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Halifax | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Haltemprice and Howden | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,486 | 50.2\\% | 6.6\\% |- |Halton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hammersmith | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,810 | 43.9\\% | 0.5\\% (to CON) |- |Hampshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hampshire North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hampshire North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hampstead and Kilburn | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Harborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Harlow | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Harrogate and Knaresborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Harrow East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative gain from Lab | 21,435 | 44.7\\% | 7.0\\% (to CON) |- |Harrow West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,111 | 43.6\\% | 5.7\\% (to CON) |- |Hartlepool | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Harwich and Essex North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hastings and Rye | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Havant | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hayes and Harlington | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hazel Grove | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hemel Hempstead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hemsworth | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hendon | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Henley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hereford and Herefordshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lib |22,366 |46.2\\% |3.8\\% |- |Herefordshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,631 | 51.8\\% | 3.8\\% (to LD) |- |Hertford and Stortford | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 29,810 | 53.8\\% | |- |Hertfordshire North East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 26,995 | 53.5\\% | 1.9\\% (to LD) |- |Hertfordshire South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hertsmere | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 26,476 | 56.0\\% | 5.6\\% |- |Hexham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Heywood and Middleton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |High Peak | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hitchin and Harpenden | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Holborn and St Pancras | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hornchurch and Upminster | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hornsey and Wood Green | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Horsham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Houghton and Sunderland South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 19,137 | 50.3\\% | 8.4\\% (to CON) |- |Hove | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Huddersfield | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,725 | 38.8\\% | 7.1\\% (to CON) |- |Hull East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hull North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 13,044 | 39.2\\% | 12.2\\% (to LD) |- |Hull West and Hessle | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Huntingdon | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Hyndburn | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ilford North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ilford South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Inverclyde | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Ipswich | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Isle of Wight | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Islington North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 24,276 | 54.5\\% | |- |Islington South and Finsbury | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 18,407 | 42.3\\% | 3.3\\% |- |Islwyn | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Jarrow | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 20,910 | 53.9\\% | 6.4\\% |- |Keighley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kenilworth and Southam | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kensington | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 17,595 | 50.1\\% | 5.2\\% |- |Kettering | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kilmarnock and Loudoun | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kingston and Surbiton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kingswood | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Kilcaldy and Cowdenbeath | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Knowsley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lagan Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:#c30\"| |Democratic Unionist hold |18,199 |49.8\\% | |- |Lanark and Hamilton East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lancashire West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lancaster and Fleetwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leeds Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 18,434 | 49.3\\% | |- |Leeds East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leeds North East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,287 | 42.7\\% | |- |Leeds North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leeds West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 16,389 | 42.3\\% | |- |Leicester East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leicester South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 27,000 | 49.5\\% | |- |Leicester West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leicestershire North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leicestershire South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leigh | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 24,295 | 51.3\\% | |- |Lewes | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lewisham Deptford | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lewisham East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lewisham West and Penge | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Leyton and Wanstead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lichfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Lincoln | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Linlithgow and Falkirk East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Liverpool Riverside | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 22,998 | 59.3\\% | |- |Liverpool Walton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Liverpool Wavertree | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Liverpool West Derby | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Livingston | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Llanelli | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,916 | 42.5\\% | 4.0\\% (to PC) |- |Londonderry East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Loughborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Louth and Horncastle | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 25,065 | 49.6\\% | |- |Ludlow | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- |Luton North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |21,192 |49.3\\% |0.5\\% |- |Luton South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 14,725 | 34.9\\% | 4.6\\% (to CON) |- |Macclesfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Maidenhead | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | |Conservative hold |31,937 |59.5\\% |7.8\\% |- |Maidstone and the Weald | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 23,491 | 48.0\\% | |- |Makerfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Maldon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Manchester Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Manchester Gorton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Manchester Withington | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Mansfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Meon Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Meriden | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Middlesbrough | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Middlesbrough South and Cleveland East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 18,138 | 39.2\\% | |- |Midlothian | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Milton Keynes North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Milton Keynes South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Mitcham and Morden | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 24,722 | 56.4\\% | |- |Mole Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,263 | 57.5\\% | 2.3\\% |- |Monmouth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Montgomeryshire | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Moray | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Morecambe and Lunesdale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Morley and Outwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Motherwell and Wishaw | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Na H-Eileanan An Iar | width=5px; style=\"background:#ff0\" | | SNP hold |6,723 |45.75\\% | |- |Neath | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |New Forest East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |New Forest West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newark | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newcastle-Under-Lyme | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newcastle upon Tyne Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,692 | 45.9\\% | 0.6\\% (to LD) |- |Newcastle upon Tyne East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,043 | 45.0 | 4.6\\% (to LD) |- |Newcastle upon Tyne North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,950 | 40.8 | 4.5\\% (to LD) |- |Newport East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newport West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newry and Armagh | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Newton Abbot | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lib |20,774 |43.0\\% |5.8\\% |- |Norfolk Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Norfolk North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Norfolk North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Norfolk South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Norfolk South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Northampton North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Northampton South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Northamptonshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 33,081 | 55.2\\% | |- |Norwich North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Norwich South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Nottingham East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Nottingham North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Nottingham South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Nuneaton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Ochil and Perthshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 19,131 | 37.9\\% | |- |Ogmore | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Old Bexley and Sidcup | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Oldham East and Saddleworth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Oldham West and Royton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Orkney and Shetland | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Orpington | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Oxford East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Oxford West and Abingdon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Paisley and Renfrewshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Paisley and Renfrewshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Pendle | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Penistone and Stocksbridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Penrith and the Border | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Perth and Perthshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:#ff0\" | | SNP hold | 19,118 | 39.6\\% | 2.9\\% |- |Peterborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Plymouth Moor View | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold |15,433 |37.2\\% |7.8\\% (to CON) |- |Plymouth Sutton and Devonport | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lab |15,050 |34.3\\% |6.9\\% |- |Pontypridd | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 14,220 | 38.8\\% | |- |Poole | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Poplar and Limehouse | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Portsmouth North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Portsmouth South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Preseli Pembrokeshire | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Preston | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Pudsey | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Putney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rayleigh and Wickford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Reading East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Reading West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Redcar | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat gain from Lab | 18,955 | 45.2\\% | 21.8\\% |- |Redditch | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Reigate | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Renfrewshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rhondda | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Ribble Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Richmond Yorks | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Richmond Park | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rochdale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rochester and Strood | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 23,604 | 49.2\\% | |- |Rochford and Southend East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Romford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Romsey and Southampton North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Ross, Skye and Lochaber | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rossendale and Darwen | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rother Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rotherham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rugby | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Runnymede and Weybridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rushcliffe | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rutherglen and Hamilton West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Rutland and Melton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Saffron Walden | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |St Albans | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |St Austell and Newquay | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |20,189 |42.7\\% | |- |St Helens North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 23,041 | 51.7\\% | |- |St Helens South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 24,364 | 52.9\\% | |- |St Ives | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Salford and Eccles | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,655 | 40.1\\% | |- |Salisbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Scarborough and Whitby | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 21,108 | 42.8\\% | |- |Scunthorpe | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sedgefield | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold |18,141 |45.1\\% |11.6\\% (to CON) |- |Sefton Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Selby and Ainsty | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 25,562 | 49.4\\% | |- |Sevenoaks | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | 'Labour hold | 21,400 | 55.0\\% | |- |Sheffield Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\"red\" | | Labour hold | 17,138 | 41.3\\% | |- |Sheffield Hallam | width=5px; style=\"background:\"#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat Hold | 27,324 | 53.4\\% | |- |Sheffield Heeley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sheffield South East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 20,169 | 48.7\\% | |- |Sherwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Shipley | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 24,002 | 48.6\\% | |- |Shrewsbury and Atcham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Shropshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 26,692 | 51.5\\% | |- |Sittingbourne and Sheppey | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Skipton and Ripon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sleaford and North Hykeham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 30,719 | 51.6\\% | |- |Slough | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Solihull | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat gain from Con | 23,635 | 42.9\\% | 0.3\\% |- |Somerset North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Somerset North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Somerton and Frome | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |28,793 |47.5\\% | |- |South Holland and the Deepings | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |South Ribble | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |South Shields | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 18,995 | 52.0\\% | |- |Southampton Itchen | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,326 | 36.8\\% | |- |Southampton Test | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 17,001 | 38.5\\% | |- |Southampton West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Southport | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Spelthorne | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stafford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Staffordshire Moorlands | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Staffordshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stalybridge and Hyde | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stevenage | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stirling | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour hold |19,558 |41.8\\% | |- |Stockport | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,697 | 42.7\\% | |- |Stockton North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stockton South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stoke-on-Trent Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stoke-on-Trent North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stoke-on-Trent South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 15,446 | 38.8\\% | |- |Stone | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stourbridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Strangford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stratford-on-Avon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Streatham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stretford and Urmston | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Stroud | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |suffolk Central and Ipswitch North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Suffolk Coastal | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Suffolk South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Suffolk West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sunderland Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour win (new seat) |19,495 |45.9\\% | |- |Surrey East (UK Parliament constituency) | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,007 | 56.7\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- |Surrey Heath | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,326 | 57.6\\% | 4.6\\% |- |Surrey South West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 33,605 | 58.7\\% | 8.6\\% |- |Sussex Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | |Conservative hold |28,329 |50.7\\% |0.3\\% |- |Sutton and Cheam | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Sutton Coldfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Swansea East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Swansea West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Swindon North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Swindon South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tamworth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tatton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Taunton Deane | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |28,531 |49.1\\% | |- |Telford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tewkesbury | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 25,472 | 47.2\\% | |- |Thanet North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Thanet South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Thirsk and Malton | width=5px; style=\"background:black\" | | Delayed until 27 May'' | | | |- |Thornbury and Yate | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Thurrock | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tiverton and Honiton | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 27,614 | 50.3\\% | |- |Tonbridge and Malling | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tooting | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Torbay | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |23,126 |47.0\\% | |- |Torfaen | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Totnes | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold|21,940 |45.9\\% | |- |Tottenham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Truro and Falmouth | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lib |20,349 |41.7\\% | |- |Tunbridge Wells | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Twickenham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tynemouth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tyneside North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Tyrone West | width=5px; style=\"background:#060\" | |Sinn F\u00e9in hold|18,050 |48.4\\% | |- |Ulster Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Upper Bann | width=5px; style=\"background:#c30\" | |Democratic Unionist hold|14,000 |33.8\\% | |- |Uxbridge and Ruiislip South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Vale of Clwyd | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold|15,017 |42.3\\% | |- |Vale of Glamorgan | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Vauxhall | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wakefield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wallasey | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Walsall North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 13,385 | 37.0\\% | |- |Walsall South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,211 | 39.7\\% | |- |Walthamstow | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wansbeck | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wantage | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Warley | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 20,240 | 52.9\\% | |- |Warrington North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Warrington South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Warwick and Leamington | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Warwickshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Washington and Sunderland West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour win (new seat) |19,615 |53\\% | |- |Watford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Waveney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wealden | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 31,090 | 56.6\\% | |- |Weaver Vale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wellingborough | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 24,918 | 48.2\\% | |- |Wells | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat gain from Con |24,560 |44.0\\% |3.6\\% |- |Welwyn Hatfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wentworth and Dearne | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |West Bromwich East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |West Bromwich West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |West Ham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Westminster North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,377 | 43.9\\% | |- |Westmorland and Lonsdale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Weston Super-Mare | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wigan | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wiltshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wiltshire South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wimbledon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Winchester | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Windsor | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wirral South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 16,276 | 40.8\\% | |- |Wirral West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 16,726 | 42.5\\% | |- |Witham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Witney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Woking | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 26,551 | 50.3\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- |Wokingham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 28,754 | 52.7\\% | 4.7\\% |- |Wolverhampton North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wolverhampton South East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wolverhampton South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Worcester | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Worcestershire Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 27,770 | 54.5\\% | |- |Worcestershire West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Workington | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,865 | 45.5\\% | |- |Worsley and Eccles South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,892 | 42.9\\% | |- |Worthing East and Shoreham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 23,458 | 48.5\\% | |- |Worthing West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 25,416 | 51.7\\% | |- |The Wreckin | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- |Wrexham | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 12,161 | 36.9\\% | 5.7\\% |- |Wycombe | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 23,423 | 48.6\\% | |- |Wyre and Preston North | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 26,877 | 52.4\\% | 3.9\\% |- |Wyre Forest | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 11,490 | 33.4\\% | |- |Wythenshawe and Sale East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,987 | 44.1\\% | |- |Yeovil | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold| 31,843 | 55.7\\% | 2.7\\% |- |Ynys Mon | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 11,490 | 33.4\\% | 1.8\\% |- |York Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 18,573 | 40.0\\% | 6.0\\% (to CON) |- |York Outer | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats | 22,912 | 43\\% | 3.7\\% |- |Yorkshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold''' 24,328 47.5\\% 0.1\\% (to LD)", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "2010 general election", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 152, "end_char_pos": 173}, {"type": "D", "before": "Thirsk and Malton", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 239, "end_char_pos": 256}, {"type": "D", "before": "swing", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 683, "end_char_pos": 688}, {"type": "D", "before": "first past the post", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 948, "end_char_pos": 967}, {"type": "D", "before": "Labour Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1186, "end_char_pos": 1198}, {"type": "D", "before": "Conservative Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1230, "end_char_pos": 1248}, {"type": "D", "before": "hung parliament", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1319, "end_char_pos": 1334}, {"type": "D", "before": "Liberal Democrats", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1409, "end_char_pos": 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3.6\\% (to UCU) Plaid Cymru gain from Lab9,38336.0\\%3.7\\% Argyle and Bute Liberal Democrat hold14,29231.6\\%2.7\\% (to CON) Conservative hold32,33357.8\\%3.0\\% Labour hold16,23933.7\\%17.2\\% (to LD) Conservative hold29,87854.1\\%2.3\\% (to LD) Labour hold18,60448.4\\%7.3\\% (to CON) Conservative hold27,73652.2\\% Labour hold21,63247.1\\%0.3\\% (to CON) Labour hold20,95047.7\\%1.5\\% Labour hold21,86047.4\\%2.3\\% (to SNP)Conservative hold29,703 52.8\\%5.9\\% (to CON)SNP hold15,86841.3\\%10.7\\% (to CON)Labour hold24,62854.3\\%1.7\\% Barnsley CentralLabour hold17,48747.3\\%4.2\\% (to LD) Barnsley EasyLabour hold18,05947.0\\%14.0\\% (to LD) Barrow and FurnessLabour hold21,22648.1\\%0.4\\% (to CON) Basildon and BillericayConservative hold21,98252.8\\%9.3\\% Basildon South and Thurrock EastConservative gain from Lab19,62443.9\\%7.5\\% BasingstokeConservative hold25,59050.5\\%4.6\\% BassrtlawLabour hold25,01850.5\\%0.7\\% (to CON) BathLiberal Democrat hold26,65156.6\\%5.8\\% Batley and Spen Labour hold 21,565 41.5\\% 2.5\\% (to CON) Battersea Conservative gain from Lab 23,103 47.3\\% 6.5\\% BeaconsfieldConservative hold32,05361.1\\%4.7\\% BeckanhamConservative hold27,59757.9\\%3.2\\% (to LD) BedfordConservative gain from Lab17,54638.9\\%5.5\\% Bedforsdhire MidConservative hold28,81552.5\\%2.3\\% Bedfordshire North EastConservative hold30,98955.8\\%2.6\\% Bedfordshire South WestConservative hold26,81552.8\\%0.7\\% Belfast EastAlliance gain from DUP12,83937.2\\%22.9\\% Belfast NorthDemocratic Unionist hold14,81240.0\\%5.0\\% (to SF) Belfast SouthSDLP hold14,02641.0\\%8.4\\% Belfast WestSinn F\u00e9in hold22,84071.1\\%1.1\\% Bermondsey and Old SouthwarkLiberal Democrat hold21,59048.4\\%1.6\\% Berwick-Upon-TweedLiberal Democrat hold16,80643.7\\%8.3\\% (to CON) Banff and BuchanLiberal Democrat hold22,23045.4\\%0.7\\% (to CON) Bethnal Green and BowBanff and BuchanConservative hold22,23045.4\\%1.6\\% Bexhill and BattleConservative hold28,14751.6\\%4.0\\% (to LD) Bexleyheath and CrayfordBirkenhead)Birmingham Edgbaston Labour hold 16,894 40.6\\% 0.5\\% (to CON) Birmingham ErdingtonBirmingham Hall GreenBirmingham Hodge HillBirmingham LadywoodLabour hold19,95055.7\\%2.5\\% Birmingham NorthfieldBirmingham Perry BarrBirmingham Selly Oak Labour hold 17,950 38.5\\% 4.8\\% (to CON) Birmingham YardleyBishop Auckland Labour hold 16,023 39.0\\% 7.2\\% (to CON) BlackburnLabour hold21,75147.8\\%1.1\\% Blackley and BroughtonBlackpool North and CleveleysConservative gain from Lab16,96441.8\\%6.9\\% Blackpool SouthLabour hold14,44941.16.2\\% (to CON) Blaenau GwentLabour gain from Ind 16,974 52.4\\% 29.2\\% Blaydon Labour hold 22,297 49.7\\% 3.3\\% Blyth ValleyBognor Regis and LittlehamptonConservative hold24,08751.4\\%2.3\\% BolsoverLabour hold21,99450.0\\%11.2\\% (to CON) Bolton North EastLabour hold19,87045.9\\%1.3\\% (to CON) Bolton South EastLabour hold18,78247.4\\%5.6\\% (to CON) Bolton West Labour hold 18,327 38.5\\% 4.9\\% (to CON) BootleBoston and SkegnessConservative hold18,78247.4\\%7.0\\% BosworthConservative hold23,13242.6\\%5.9\\% (to LD) Bournemouth EastConservative hold21,32048.4\\%1.8\\% Bournemouth West Conservative hold 18,808 45.1\\% 2.9\\% Bracknell Conservative hold 27,327 52.4\\% 1.0\\% (to LD) Bradford EastBradford SouthBradford WestBraintree Conservative hold 25,901 52.6\\% 6.7\\% Brecon and RadnorshireLiberal Democrat hold17,92946.2\\%0.3\\% (to CON) Brent CentralBrent NorthBrentford and IsleworthBrentwood and OngarConservative hold28,79256.9\\%3.1\\% BridgendLabour hold13,93136.3\\%6.0\\% (to CON) Bridgwater and Somerset West Conservative hold 24,675 45.3\\% 2.9\\% (to LD) Brigg and GooleConservative gain from Lab19,68044.9\\%9.8\\% Brighton KemptownBrighton Pavilion Green gain from Lab 16,238 31.3\\% 8.4\\% Bristol EastLabour hold16,47136.6\\%4.5\\% (to CON) Bristol North WestBristol SouthBristol WestLiberal Democrat hold26,59348.0\\%9.0\\% BroadlandBromley and ChislehurstBromsgroveBroxbourneConservative hold26,84458.8\\%6.4\\% BroxtoweConservative gain from Lab20,58539.0\\%2.6\\% BuckinghamBurnleyLiberal Democrat gain from Lab14,93235.7\\%9.6\\% BurtonConservative gain from Lab22,18844.5\\%8.7\\% Bury NorthBury SouthBury St EdmundsConservative hold27,89947.5\\%2.8\\% CaerphillyLabour hold17,37744.9\\%6.5\\% (to CON) Caithness, Sutherland and Easter RossLiberal Democrat hold11,90741.4\\%6.4\\% (to LAB) Calder ValleyCamberwell and PeckhamCambourne and Redruth Conservative gain from Lib37.6\\%15,9695.2\\% Cambridge Liberal Democrat hold 19,621 39.1\\% 7.0\\% (to CON) Cambridgeshire North EastConservative hold26,86251.4\\%0.8\\% Cambridgeshire North WestConservative hold29,42550.05\\%2.6\\% Cambridgeshire SouthConservative hold27,99547.4\\%2.5\\% (to LD) Cambridgeshire South EastConservative hold27,62948.0\\%2.7\\% (to LD) Cannock ChaseConservative gain from Lab18,27140.1\\%14.0\\% Canterbury Conservative hold22,05044.8\\%5.4\\% (to LD) Cardiff CentralCardiff NorthCardiff South and Penarth Labour hold 17,262 38.9\\% 6.0\\% (to CON) Cardiff West Labour hold 16,893 41.2\\% 5.3\\% (to CON) Carlisle Carmarthen East and Dinefwr Plaid Cymru hold 13,546 35.6\\% 4.2\\% (to LAB) Carmarthen West and Pembrokeshire South Conservative gain from Lab 16,649 41.1\\% 6.9\\% Carshalton and WallingtonCastle PointCeredigionCharnwoodChatham and AylesfordCheadleChelmsfordChelsea and FulhamCheltenhamChelsham and AmershamChester, City ofChesterfieldChichesterChingford and Woodford GreenChippenhamChipping BarnetChorleyChristchurchCities of London and WestminsterClactonCleethorpesConservative gain from Lab18,93942.1\\%7.8\\% Clwyd South Labour hold13,31138.4\\%5.8\\% (to CON) Clwyd West Conservative hold 15,833 41.5\\% 8.4\\% Coatbridge, Chryson and BellshillColchesterColne ValleyCongleton Conservative hold 23,250 45.8\\% 2.3\\% (to LD) Copeland Labour hold 19,699 46.0\\% 2.1\\% (to CON) Corby Conservative gain from Lab 22,886 42.2\\% 3.4\\% Cornwall North Liberal Democrat hold22,51248.1\\%0.3\\% (to CON) Cornwall South East Conservative gain from Lib22,39045.1\\%9.1\\% The Cotswolds Conservative hold 29,075 53.0\\% 1.1\\% Coventry North East Labour hold 21,384 49.3\\% 5.5\\% (to CON) Coventry North West Labour hold 19,936 42.8\\% 3.9\\% (to CON) Coventry South Labour hold 19,197 41.8\\% 3.4\\% (to CON) Crawley Conservative gain from Lab 21,264 44.8\\% 6.3\\% Crewe and Nantwich Conservative gain from Lab 23,420 45.8\\% 13.7\\% Croydon Central Conservative gain from Lab | 19,657 | 39.5\\% | 3.3\\% |- | Croydon North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 28,949 | 56.0\\% | 0.3\\% |- | Croydon South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 28,684 | 50.9\\% | 1.7\\% (to LD) |- | Cumbernauld, Kilsyth and Kirkintilloch East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 23,549 | 57.2\\% | 1.9\\% |- | Cynon Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,681 | 52.5\\% | 8.6\\% (to PC) |- | Dagenham and Rainham | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,813 |40.3\\% |4.9\\% (to CON) |- | Darlington | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |16,891 |39.4\\% |9.1\\% (to CON) |- | Dartford | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lab |24,428 |48.8\\% |11.6\\% |- | Daventry | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 29,252 | 56.5\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- | Delyn | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,083 | 40.8\\% | 6.7\\% (to CON) |- | Denton and Reddish | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |19,191 |51.0\\% |6.2\\% (to CON) |- | Derby North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 14,896 | 33.0\\% | 7.4\\% (to CON) |- | Derby South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,851 |43.3\\% |9.3\\% (to CON) |- | Derbyshire Dales | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,378 | 52.1\\% | 3.7\\% |- | Derbyshire Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative hold |22,877 |48.3\\% |5.7\\% |- | Derbyshire North East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,948 |38.2\\% |8.6\\% (to CON) |- | Derbyshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lab |22,935 |45.5\\% |9.8\\% |- | Devizes | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Devon Central | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 27,737 | 51.5\\% | 6.1\\% |- | Devon East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |48.3\\% |25,662 | |- | Devon North | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat hold |24,305 |47.4\\% |0.3\\% |- | Devon South West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |27,908 |56.0\\% |5.6\\% |- | Devon West and Torridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dewsbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Don Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Doncaster Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Doncaster North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Doset Mid and Poole North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dorset North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dorset South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative gain from Lab |22,667 |45.1\\% |9.3\\% |- | Dorset West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |27,287 |47.6\\% | |- | Dover | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Down North | width=5px; style=\"background:grey\"| |Independent gain from UCU |21,181 |63.3\\% | |- | Down South | width=5px; style=\"background:#3c3\" | |SDLP hold |20,648 |48.5\\% | |- | Dudley North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dudley South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dulwich and West Norwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dumfries and Galloway | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dunfiesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dunbartonshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dunbartonshire West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dundee East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dundee West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dunfermine and Fife West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | City of Durham | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |20,496 |44.3\\% | |- | Durham North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |20,698 |50.5\\% | |- | Durham North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Dwyfor Meirionnydd | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Ealing Central and Acton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Ealing North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Ealing Southall | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Easington | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |20,579 |58.9\\% | |- | East Ham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | East Lothian | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Eastbourne | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Eastleigh | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Eddisbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Edinburgh East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,305 | 43.4\\% | |- | Edinburgh North and Leith | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Edinburgh South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Edinburgh South West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 19,473 | 42.8\\% | |- | Edinburgh West | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat hold | 16,684 | 35.9\\% | -11.4\\% |- | Edmonton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Ellesmere Port and Neston | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Elmet and Rothwell | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Eltham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Enfield North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Enfield Southgate | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Epping Forest | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Epsom and Ewell | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Erewash | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Erith and Thameshead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Esher and Walton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Exeter | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,942 |38.2\\% | |- | Falkirk | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |23,207 |45.7\\% | |- | Fareham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |30,037 |55.3\\% | |- | Faversham and Kent Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Feltham and Heston | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Fermanagh and South Tyrone | width=5px; style=\"background:#060\"| | Sinn F\u00e9in hold |21,304 |45.5\\% | |- | Fife North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Filton and Bradley Stoke | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Finchley and Golders Green | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Folkestone and Hythe | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Forest of Dean | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Foyle | width=5px; style=\"background:#3c3\" | |SDLP hold |16,922 |44.7\\% | |- | Flyde | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Gainsborough | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |24,266 |49.3\\% | |- | Garston and Halewood | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |25,493 |59.5\\% | |- | Gateshead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Gedling | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,821 |41.1\\% | |- | Gillingham and Rainham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Glasgow Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Glasgow East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,797 |61.6\\% | |- | Glasgow North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Glasgow North East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,100 | 68.3\\% | |- | Glasgow North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Glasgow South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Glasgow South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Glenrothes | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Gloucester | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Gordon | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Gosport | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Gower | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Grantham and Stamford | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Gravesham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 22,956 | 48.5\\% | 9.1\\% |- | Great Grimsby | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |10,777 |32.7\\% |10.5\\% (to CON) |- | Great Yarmouth | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Greenwich and Woolwich | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Guildford | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative hold |29,618 |53.3\\% |6.9\\% |- | Hackney North and Stoke Newington | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hackney South and Shoreditch | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Halesowen and Rowley Regis | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Halifax | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Haltemprice and Howden | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,486 | 50.2\\% | 6.6\\% |- | Halton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hammersmith | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,810 | 43.9\\% | 0.5\\% (to CON) |- | Hampshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hampshire North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hampshire North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hampstead and Kilburn | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Harborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Harlow | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Harrogate and Knaresborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Harrow East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative gain from Lab | 21,435 | 44.7\\% | 7.0\\% (to CON) |- | Harrow West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,111 | 43.6\\% | 5.7\\% (to CON) |- | Hartlepool | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Harwich and Essex North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hastings and Rye | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Havant | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hayes and Harlington | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hazel Grove | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hemel Hempstead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hemsworth | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hendon | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Henley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hereford and Herefordshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lib |22,366 |46.2\\% |3.8\\% |- | Herefordshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,631 | 51.8\\% | 3.8\\% (to LD) |- | Hertford and Stortford | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 29,810 | 53.8\\% | |- | Hertfordshire North East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 26,995 | 53.5\\% | 1.9\\% (to LD) |- | Hertfordshire South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hertsmere | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 26,476 | 56.0\\% | 5.6\\% |- | Hexham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Heywood and Middleton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | High Peak | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hitchin and Harpenden | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Holborn and St Pancras | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hornchurch and Upminster | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hornsey and Wood Green | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Horsham | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Houghton and Sunderland South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 19,137 | 50.3\\% | 8.4\\% (to CON) |- | Hove | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Huddersfield | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,725 | 38.8\\% | 7.1\\% (to CON) |- | Hull East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hull North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 13,044 | 39.2\\% | 12.2\\% (to LD) |- | Hull West and Hessle | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Huntingdon | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Hyndburn | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Ilford North | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Ilford South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Inverclyde | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Ipswich | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Isle of Wight | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Islington North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 24,276 | 54.5\\% | |- | Islington South and Finsbury | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 18,407 | 42.3\\% | 3.3\\% |- | Islwyn | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Jarrow | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 20,910 | 53.9\\% | 6.4\\% |- | Keighley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Kenilworth and Southam | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Kensington | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 17,595 | 50.1\\% | 5.2\\% |- | Kettering | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Kilmarnock and Loudoun | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Kingston and Surbiton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Kingswood | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Kilcaldy and Cowdenbeath | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Knowsley | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Lagan Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:#c30\"| |Democratic Unionist hold |18,199 |49.8\\% | |- | Lanark and Hamilton East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Lancashire West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Lancaster and Fleetwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Leeds Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 18,434 | 49.3\\% | |- | Leeds East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Leeds North East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,287 | 42.7\\% | |- | Leeds North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Leeds West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 16,389 | 42.3\\% | |- | Leicester East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Leicester South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 27,000 | 49.5\\% | |- | Leicester West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Leicestershire North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Leicestershire South | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Leigh | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 24,295 | 51.3\\% | |- | Lewes | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Lewisham Deptford | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Lewisham East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Lewisham West and Penge | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Leyton and Wanstead | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Lichfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Lincoln | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Linlithgow and Falkirk East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Liverpool Riverside | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 22,998 | 59.3\\% | |- | Liverpool Walton | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Liverpool Wavertree | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Liverpool West Derby | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Livingston | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Llanelli | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,916 | 42.5\\% | 4.0\\% (to PC) |- | Londonderry East | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Loughborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Louth and Horncastle | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 25,065 | 49.6\\% | |- | Ludlow | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | Luton North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |21,192 |49.3\\% |0.5\\% |- | Luton South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 14,725 | 34.9\\% | 4.6\\% (to CON) |- | Macclesfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Maidenhead | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | |Conservative hold |31,937 |59.5\\% |7.8\\% |- | Maidstone and the Weald | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 23,491 | 48.0\\% | |- | Makerfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Maldon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Manchester Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Manchester Gorton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Manchester Withington | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Mansfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Meon Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Meriden | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Middlesbrough | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Middlesbrough South and Cleveland East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 18,138 | 39.2\\% | |- | Midlothian | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Milton Keynes North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Milton Keynes South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Mitcham and Morden | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 24,722 | 56.4\\% | |- | Mole Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,263 | 57.5\\% | 2.3\\% |- | Monmouth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Montgomeryshire | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Moray | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Morecambe and Lunesdale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Morley and Outwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Motherwell and Wishaw | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Na H-Eileanan An Iar | width=5px; style=\"background:#ff0\" | | SNP hold |6,723 |45.75\\% | |- | Neath | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | New Forest East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | New Forest West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Newark | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Newbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Newcastle-Under-Lyme | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Newcastle upon Tyne Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,692 | 45.9\\% | 0.6\\% (to LD) |- | Newcastle upon Tyne East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,043 | 45.0 | 4.6\\% (to LD) |- | Newcastle upon Tyne North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,950 | 40.8 | 4.5\\% (to LD) |- | Newport East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Newport West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Newry and Armagh | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Newton Abbot | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lib |20,774 |43.0\\% |5.8\\% |- | Norfolk Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Norfolk North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Norfolk North West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Norfolk South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Norfolk South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Northampton North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Northampton South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Northamptonshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 33,081 | 55.2\\% | |- | Norwich North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Norwich South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Nottingham East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Nottingham North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Nottingham South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Nuneaton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Ochil and Perthshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 19,131 | 37.9\\% | |- | Ogmore | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Old Bexley and Sidcup | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Oldham East and Saddleworth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Oldham West and Royton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Orkney and Shetland | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Orpington | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Oxford East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Oxford West and Abingdon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Paisley and Renfrewshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Paisley and Renfrewshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Pendle | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Penistone and Stocksbridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Penrith and the Border | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Perth and Perthshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:#ff0\" | | SNP hold | 19,118 | 39.6\\% | 2.9\\% |- | Peterborough | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Plymouth Moor View | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold |15,433 |37.2\\% |7.8\\% (to CON) |- | Plymouth Sutton and Devonport | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lab |15,050 |34.3\\% |6.9\\% |- | Pontypridd | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 14,220 | 38.8\\% | |- | Poole | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Poplar and Limehouse | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Portsmouth North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Portsmouth South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Preseli Pembrokeshire | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Preston | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Pudsey | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Putney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rayleigh and Wickford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Reading East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Reading West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Redcar | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat gain from Lab | 18,955 | 45.2\\% | 21.8\\% |- | Redditch | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Reigate | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Renfrewshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rhondda | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Ribble Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Richmond Yorks | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Richmond Park | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rochdale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rochester and Strood | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 23,604 | 49.2\\% | |- | Rochford and Southend East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Romford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Romsey and Southampton North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Ross, Skye and Lochaber | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rossendale and Darwen | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rother Valley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rotherham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rugby | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Runnymede and Weybridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rushcliffe | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rutherglen and Hamilton West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Rutland and Melton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Saffron Walden | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | St Albans | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | St Austell and Newquay | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |20,189 |42.7\\% | |- | St Helens North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 23,041 | 51.7\\% | |- | St Helens South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 24,364 | 52.9\\% | |- | St Ives | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Salford and Eccles | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,655 | 40.1\\% | |- | Salisbury | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Scarborough and Whitby | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 21,108 | 42.8\\% | |- | Scunthorpe | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Sedgefield | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold |18,141 |45.1\\% |11.6\\% (to CON) |- | Sefton Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Selby and Ainsty | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 25,562 | 49.4\\% | |- | Sevenoaks | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | 'Labour hold | 21,400 | 55.0\\% | |- | Sheffield Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\"red\" | | Labour hold | 17,138 | 41.3\\% | |- | Sheffield Hallam | width=5px; style=\"background:\"#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat Hold | 27,324 | 53.4\\% | |- | Sheffield Heeley | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Sheffield South East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 20,169 | 48.7\\% | |- | Sherwood | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Shipley | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 24,002 | 48.6\\% | |- | Shrewsbury and Atcham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Shropshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 26,692 | 51.5\\% | |- | Sittingbourne and Sheppey | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Skipton and Ripon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Sleaford and North Hykeham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 30,719 | 51.6\\% | |- | Slough | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Solihull | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat gain from Con | 23,635 | 42.9\\% | 0.3\\% |- | Somerset North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Somerset North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Somerton and Frome | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |28,793 |47.5\\% | |- | South Holland and the Deepings | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | South Ribble | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | South Shields | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 18,995 | 52.0\\% | |- | Southampton Itchen | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,326 | 36.8\\% | |- | Southampton Test | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 17,001 | 38.5\\% | |- | Southampton West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Southport | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Spelthorne | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stafford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Staffordshire Moorlands | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Staffordshire South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stalybridge and Hyde | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stevenage | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stirling | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour hold |19,558 |41.8\\% | |- | Stockport | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,697 | 42.7\\% | |- | Stockton North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stockton South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stoke-on-Trent Central | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stoke-on-Trent North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stoke-on-Trent South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 15,446 | 38.8\\% | |- | Stone | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stourbridge | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Strangford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stratford-on-Avon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Streatham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stretford and Urmston | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Stroud | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | suffolk Central and Ipswitch North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Suffolk Coastal | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Suffolk South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Suffolk West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Sunderland Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour win (new seat) |19,495 |45.9\\% | |- | Surrey East (UK Parliament constituency) | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,007 | 56.7\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- | Surrey Heath | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,326 | 57.6\\% | 4.6\\% |- | Surrey South West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 33,605 | 58.7\\% | 8.6\\% |- | Sussex Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | |Conservative hold |28,329 |50.7\\% |0.3\\% |- | Sutton and Cheam | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Sutton Coldfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Swansea East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Swansea West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Swindon North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Swindon South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Tamworth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Tatton | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Taunton Deane | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |28,531 |49.1\\% | |- | Telford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Tewkesbury | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 25,472 | 47.2\\% | |- | Thanet North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Thanet South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Thirsk and Malton | width=5px; style=\"background:black\" | | Delayed until 27 May'' | | | |- | Thornbury and Yate | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Thurrock | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Tiverton and Honiton | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 27,614 | 50.3\\% | |- | Tonbridge and Malling | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Tooting | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Torbay | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |23,126 |47.0\\% | |- | Torfaen | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Totnes | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold|21,940 |45.9\\% | |- | Tottenham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Truro and Falmouth | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lib |20,349 |41.7\\% | |- | Tunbridge Wells | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Twickenham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Tynemouth | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Tyneside North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Tyrone West | width=5px; style=\"background:#060\" | |Sinn F\u00e9in hold|18,050 |48.4\\% | |- | Ulster Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Upper Bann | width=5px; style=\"background:#c30\" | |Democratic Unionist hold|14,000 |33.8\\% | |- | Uxbridge and Ruiislip South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Vale of Clwyd | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold|15,017 |42.3\\% | |- | Vale of Glamorgan | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Vauxhall | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wakefield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wallasey | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Walsall North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 13,385 | 37.0\\% | |- | Walsall South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,211 | 39.7\\% | |- | Walthamstow | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wansbeck | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wantage | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Warley | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 20,240 | 52.9\\% | |- | Warrington North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Warrington South | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Warwick and Leamington | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Warwickshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Washington and Sunderland West | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour win (new seat) |19,615 |53\\% | |- | Watford | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Waveney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wealden | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 31,090 | 56.6\\% | |- | Weaver Vale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wellingborough | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 24,918 | 48.2\\% | |- | Wells | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat gain from Con |24,560 |44.0\\% |3.6\\% |- | Welwyn Hatfield | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wentworth and Dearne | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | West Bromwich East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | West Bromwich West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | West Ham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Westminster North | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,377 | 43.9\\% | |- | Westmorland and Lonsdale | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Weston Super-Mare | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wigan | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wiltshire North | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wiltshire South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wimbledon | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Winchester | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Windsor | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wirral South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 16,276 | 40.8\\% | |- | Wirral West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 16,726 | 42.5\\% | |- | Witham | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Witney | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Woking | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 26,551 | 50.3\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- | Wokingham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 28,754 | 52.7\\% | 4.7\\% |- | Wolverhampton North East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wolverhampton South East | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wolverhampton South West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Worcester | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Worcestershire Mid | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 27,770 | 54.5\\% | |- | Worcestershire West | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Workington | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,865 | 45.5\\% | |- | Worsley and Eccles South | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,892 | 42.9\\% | |- | Worthing East and Shoreham | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 23,458 | 48.5\\% | |- | Worthing West | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 25,416 | 51.7\\% | |- | The Wreckin | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | Wrexham | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 12,161 | 36.9\\% | 5.7\\% |- | Wycombe | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 23,423 | 48.6\\% | |- | Wyre and Preston North | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 26,877 | 52.4\\% | 3.9\\% |- | Wyre Forest | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 11,490 | 33.4\\% | |- | Wythenshawe and Sale East | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,987 | 44.1\\% | |- | Yeovil | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold| 31,843 | 55.7\\% | 2.7\\% |- | Ynys Mon | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 11,490 | 33.4\\% | 1.8\\% |- | York Central | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 18,573 | 40.0\\% | 6.0\\% (to CON) |- | York Outer | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats | 22,912 | 43\\% | 3.7\\% |- | Yorkshire East | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold''' 24,328 47.5\\% 0.1\\% (to LD)", "after_revision": "ConstituencyResultVotesShareSwing Labour hold 16,073 51.9\\% 5.3\\% (to LD) Conservative gain from Lab 10,734 35.8\\% 7.6\\% Labour hold 16,746 44.4\\% 1.0\\% Labour hold 15,722 36.5\\% 2.5\\% Liberal Democrat hold 17,362 38.4\\% 4.9\\% (to CON)Labour hold20,64958.2\\% 3.9\\% (to SNP) Conservative hold 21,203 46.7\\% 1.4\\% (to LD) Conservative hold 22,913 59.3\\% 12.0\\% (from LAB) Conservative hold 24,176 48.9\\% 0.8\\% (to LD) Labour hold 15,804 39.6\\% 8.1\\% (to CON) Conservative gain from Lab 17,746 38.6\\% 6.9\\% SNP hold 15,020 39.6\\% 2.2\\%Democratic Unionist hold13,99345.9\\%Democratic Unionist hold19,67246.4\\% Democratic Unionist hold 11,536 33.9\\% 3.6\\% (to UCU) Plaid Cymru gain from Lab9,38336.0\\%3.7\\% Liberal Democrat hold14,29231.6\\%2.7\\% (to CON) Conservative hold32,33357.8\\%3.0\\% Labour hold16,23933.7\\%17.2\\% (to LD) Conservative hold29,87854.1\\%2.3\\% (to LD) Labour hold18,60448.4\\%7.3\\% (to CON) Conservative hold27,73652.2\\% Labour hold21,63247.1\\%0.3\\% (to CON) Labour hold20,95047.7\\%1.5\\% Labour hold21,86047.4\\%2.3\\% (to SNP)Conservative hold29,703 52.8\\%5.9\\% (to CON)SNP hold15,86841.3\\%10.7\\% (to CON)Labour hold24,62854.3\\%1.7\\% Labour hold17,48747.3\\%4.2\\% (to LD) Labour hold18,05947.0\\%14.0\\% (to LD) Labour hold21,22648.1\\%0.4\\% (to CON) Conservative hold21,98252.8\\%9.3\\% Conservative gain from Lab19,62443.9\\%7.5\\% Conservative hold25,59050.5\\%4.6\\% Labour hold25,01850.5\\%0.7\\% (to CON) Liberal Democrat hold26,65156.6\\%5.8\\% Labour hold 21,565 41.5\\% 2.5\\% (to CON) Conservative gain from Lab 23,103 47.3\\% 6.5\\% Conservative hold32,05361.1\\%4.7\\% Conservative hold27,59757.9\\%3.2\\% (to LD) Conservative gain from Lab17,54638.9\\%5.5\\% Conservative hold28,81552.5\\%2.3\\% Conservative hold30,98955.8\\%2.6\\% Conservative hold26,81552.8\\%0.7\\% Alliance gain from DUP12,83937.2\\%22.9\\% Democratic Unionist hold14,81240.0\\%5.0\\% (to SF) SDLP hold14,02641.0\\%8.4\\% Sinn F\u00e9in hold22,84071.1\\%1.1\\% Liberal Democrat hold21,59048.4\\%1.6\\% Liberal Democrat hold16,80643.7\\%8.3\\% (to CON) Liberal Democrat hold22,23045.4\\%0.7\\% (to CON) Conservative hold22,23045.4\\%1.6\\% Conservative hold28,14751.6\\%4.0\\% (to LD) Labour hold 16,894 40.6\\% 0.5\\% (to CON) Labour hold19,95055.7\\%2.5\\% Labour hold 17,950 38.5\\% 4.8\\% (to CON) Labour hold 16,023 39.0\\% 7.2\\% (to CON) Labour hold21,75147.8\\%1.1\\% Conservative gain from Lab16,96441.8\\%6.9\\% Labour hold14,44941.16.2\\% (to CON) Labour gain from Ind 16,974 52.4\\% 29.2\\% Labour hold 22,297 49.7\\% 3.3\\% Conservative hold24,08751.4\\%2.3\\% Labour hold21,99450.0\\%11.2\\% (to CON) Labour hold19,87045.9\\%1.3\\% (to CON) Labour hold18,78247.4\\%5.6\\% (to CON) Labour hold 18,327 38.5\\% 4.9\\% (to CON) Conservative hold18,78247.4\\%7.0\\% Conservative hold23,13242.6\\%5.9\\% (to LD) Conservative hold21,32048.4\\%1.8\\% Conservative hold 18,808 45.1\\% 2.9\\% Conservative hold 27,327 52.4\\% 1.0\\% (to LD) Conservative hold 25,901 52.6\\% 6.7\\% Liberal Democrat hold17,92946.2\\%0.3\\% (to CON) Conservative hold28,79256.9\\%3.1\\% Labour hold13,93136.3\\%6.0\\% (to CON) Conservative hold 24,675 45.3\\% 2.9\\% (to LD) Conservative gain from Lab19,68044.9\\%9.8\\% Green gain from Lab 16,238 31.3\\% 8.4\\% Labour hold16,47136.6\\%4.5\\% (to CON) Liberal Democrat hold26,59348.0\\%9.0\\% Conservative hold26,84458.8\\%6.4\\% Conservative gain from Lab20,58539.0\\%2.6\\% Liberal Democrat gain from Lab14,93235.7\\%9.6\\% Conservative gain from Lab22,18844.5\\%8.7\\% Conservative hold27,89947.5\\%2.8\\% Labour hold17,37744.9\\%6.5\\% (to CON) Liberal Democrat hold11,90741.4\\%6.4\\% (to LAB) Conservative gain from Lib37.6\\%15,9695.2\\% Liberal Democrat hold 19,621 39.1\\% 7.0\\% (to CON) Conservative hold26,86251.4\\%0.8\\% Conservative hold29,42550.05\\%2.6\\% Conservative hold27,99547.4\\%2.5\\% (to LD) Conservative hold27,62948.0\\%2.7\\% (to LD) Conservative gain from Lab18,27140.1\\%14.0\\% Conservative hold22,05044.8\\%5.4\\% (to LD) Labour hold 17,262 38.9\\% 6.0\\% (to CON) Labour hold 16,893 41.2\\% 5.3\\% (to CON) Plaid Cymru hold 13,546 35.6\\% 4.2\\% (to LAB) Conservative gain from Lab 16,649 41.1\\% 6.9\\% Conservative gain from Lab18,93942.1\\%7.8\\% Labour hold13,31138.4\\%5.8\\% (to CON) Conservative hold 15,833 41.5\\% 8.4\\% Conservative hold 23,250 45.8\\% 2.3\\% (to LD) Labour hold 19,699 46.0\\% 2.1\\% (to CON) Conservative gain from Lab 22,886 42.2\\% 3.4\\% Liberal Democrat hold22,51248.1\\%0.3\\% (to CON) Conservative gain from Lib22,39045.1\\%9.1\\% Conservative hold 29,075 53.0\\% 1.1\\% Labour hold 21,384 49.3\\% 5.5\\% (to CON) Labour hold 19,936 42.8\\% 3.9\\% (to CON) Labour hold 19,197 41.8\\% 3.4\\% (to CON) Conservative gain from Lab 21,264 44.8\\% 6.3\\% Conservative gain from Lab 23,420 45.8\\% 13.7\\% Conservative gain from Lab | 19,657 | 39.5\\% | 3.3\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 28,949 | 56.0\\% | 0.3\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 28,684 | 50.9\\% | 1.7\\% (to LD) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 23,549 | 57.2\\% | 1.9\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,681 | 52.5\\% | 8.6\\% (to PC) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,813 |40.3\\% |4.9\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |16,891 |39.4\\% |9.1\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lab |24,428 |48.8\\% |11.6\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 29,252 | 56.5\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,083 | 40.8\\% | 6.7\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |19,191 |51.0\\% |6.2\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 14,896 | 33.0\\% | 7.4\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,851 |43.3\\% |9.3\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,378 | 52.1\\% | 3.7\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative hold |22,877 |48.3\\% |5.7\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |17,948 |38.2\\% |8.6\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lab |22,935 |45.5\\% |9.8\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 27,737 | 51.5\\% | 6.1\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |48.3\\% |25,662 | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat hold |24,305 |47.4\\% |0.3\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |27,908 |56.0\\% |5.6\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative gain from Lab |22,667 |45.1\\% |9.3\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |27,287 |47.6\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:grey\"| |Independent gain from UCU |21,181 |63.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#3c3\" | |SDLP hold |20,648 |48.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |20,496 |44.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |20,698 |50.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |20,579 |58.9\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,305 | 43.4\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 19,473 | 42.8\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat hold | 16,684 | 35.9\\% | -11.4\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,942 |38.2\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |23,207 |45.7\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |30,037 |55.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#060\"| | Sinn F\u00e9in hold |21,304 |45.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#3c3\" | |SDLP hold |16,922 |44.7\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold |24,266 |49.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |25,493 |59.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,821 |41.1\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold |19,797 |61.6\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,100 | 68.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 22,956 | 48.5\\% | 9.1\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |10,777 |32.7\\% |10.5\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative hold |29,618 |53.3\\% |6.9\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,486 | 50.2\\% | 6.6\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,810 | 43.9\\% | 0.5\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative gain from Lab | 21,435 | 44.7\\% | 7.0\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,111 | 43.6\\% | 5.7\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| |Conservative gain from Lib |22,366 |46.2\\% |3.8\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 24,631 | 51.8\\% | 3.8\\% (to LD) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 29,810 | 53.8\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 26,995 | 53.5\\% | 1.9\\% (to LD) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 26,476 | 56.0\\% | 5.6\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 19,137 | 50.3\\% | 8.4\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,725 | 38.8\\% | 7.1\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 13,044 | 39.2\\% | 12.2\\% (to LD) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 24,276 | 54.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 18,407 | 42.3\\% | 3.3\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 20,910 | 53.9\\% | 6.4\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 17,595 | 50.1\\% | 5.2\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#c30\"| |Democratic Unionist hold |18,199 |49.8\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 18,434 | 49.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 20,287 | 42.7\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 16,389 | 42.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 27,000 | 49.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 24,295 | 51.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 22,998 | 59.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,916 | 42.5\\% | 4.0\\% (to PC) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\"| | Conservative hold | 25,065 | 49.6\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"| | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| |Labour hold |21,192 |49.3\\% |0.5\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 14,725 | 34.9\\% | 4.6\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | |Conservative hold |31,937 |59.5\\% |7.8\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 23,491 | 48.0\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 18,138 | 39.2\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 24,722 | 56.4\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,263 | 57.5\\% | 2.3\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#ff0\" | | SNP hold |6,723 |45.75\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 15,692 | 45.9\\% | 0.6\\% (to LD) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,043 | 45.0 | 4.6\\% (to LD) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\"| | Labour hold | 17,950 | 40.8 | 4.5\\% (to LD) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lib |20,774 |43.0\\% |5.8\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 33,081 | 55.2\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 19,131 | 37.9\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#ff0\" | | SNP hold | 19,118 | 39.6\\% | 2.9\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold |15,433 |37.2\\% |7.8\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lab |15,050 |34.3\\% |6.9\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 14,220 | 38.8\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\"| | Liberal Democrat gain from Lab | 18,955 | 45.2\\% | 21.8\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 23,604 | 49.2\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |20,189 |42.7\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 23,041 | 51.7\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 24,364 | 52.9\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,655 | 40.1\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 21,108 | 42.8\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold |18,141 |45.1\\% |11.6\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 25,562 | 49.4\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | 'Labour hold | 21,400 | 55.0\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"red\" | | Labour hold | 17,138 | 41.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\"#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat Hold | 27,324 | 53.4\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 20,169 | 48.7\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 24,002 | 48.6\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 26,692 | 51.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 30,719 | 51.6\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat gain from Con | 23,635 | 42.9\\% | 0.3\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |28,793 |47.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 18,995 | 52.0\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,326 | 36.8\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 17,001 | 38.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour hold |19,558 |41.8\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,697 | 42.7\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 15,446 | 38.8\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour win (new seat) |19,495 |45.9\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,007 | 56.7\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 31,326 | 57.6\\% | 4.6\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 33,605 | 58.7\\% | 8.6\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | |Conservative hold |28,329 |50.7\\% |0.3\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |28,531 |49.1\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 25,472 | 47.2\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:black\" | | Delayed until 27 May'' | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold | 27,614 | 50.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold |23,126 |47.0\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold|21,940 |45.9\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Lib |20,349 |41.7\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#060\" | |Sinn F\u00e9in hold|18,050 |48.4\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#c30\" | |Democratic Unionist hold|14,000 |33.8\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold|15,017 |42.3\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 13,385 | 37.0\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold | 16,211 | 39.7\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 20,240 | 52.9\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | |Labour win (new seat) |19,615 |53\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 31,090 | 56.6\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 24,918 | 48.2\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat gain from Con |24,560 |44.0\\% |3.6\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,377 | 43.9\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 16,276 | 40.8\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 16,726 | 42.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 26,551 | 50.3\\% | 0.7\\% (to LD) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 28,754 | 52.7\\% | 4.7\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 27,770 | 54.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,865 | 45.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,892 | 42.9\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 23,458 | 48.5\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 25,416 | 51.7\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:\" | | | | | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 12,161 | 36.9\\% | 5.7\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 23,423 | 48.6\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold| 26,877 | 52.4\\% | 3.9\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 11,490 | 33.4\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 17,987 | 44.1\\% | |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:#F9D616\" | | Liberal Democrat hold| 31,843 | 55.7\\% | 2.7\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 11,490 | 33.4\\% | 1.8\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:red\" | | Labour hold| 18,573 | 40.0\\% | 6.0\\% (to CON) |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats | 22,912 | 43\\% | 3.7\\% |- | | width=5px; style=\"background:blue\" | | Conservative hold''' 24,328 47.5\\% 0.1\\% (to LD)", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Argyle and Bute", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 701, "end_char_pos": 716}, {"type": "R", "before": "Barnsley CentralLabour", "after": "Labour", "start_char_pos": 1161, "end_char_pos": 1183}, {"type": "R", "before": "Barnsley 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"end_char_pos": 1657}, {"type": "R", "before": "BeaconsfieldConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 1705, "end_char_pos": 1729}, {"type": "R", "before": "BeckanhamConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 1752, "end_char_pos": 1773}, {"type": "R", "before": "BedfordConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 1804, "end_char_pos": 1823}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bedforsdhire MidConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 1855, "end_char_pos": 1883}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bedfordshire North EastConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 1906, "end_char_pos": 1941}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bedfordshire South WestConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 1964, "end_char_pos": 1999}, {"type": "R", "before": "Belfast EastAlliance", "after": "Alliance", "start_char_pos": 2022, "end_char_pos": 2042}, {"type": "R", "before": "Belfast NorthDemocratic", "after": "Democratic", "start_char_pos": 2075, "end_char_pos": 2098}, {"type": "R", "before": "Belfast SouthSDLP", "after": "SDLP", "start_char_pos": 2138, "end_char_pos": 2155}, {"type": "R", "before": "Belfast WestSinn", "after": "Sinn", "start_char_pos": 2178, "end_char_pos": 2194}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bermondsey and Old SouthwarkLiberal", "after": "Liberal", "start_char_pos": 2222, "end_char_pos": 2257}, {"type": "R", "before": "Berwick-Upon-TweedLiberal", "after": "Liberal", "start_char_pos": 2289, "end_char_pos": 2314}, {"type": "R", "before": "Banff and BuchanLiberal", "after": "Liberal", "start_char_pos": 2355, "end_char_pos": 2378}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bethnal Green and BowBanff and BuchanConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 2419, "end_char_pos": 2468}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bexhill and BattleConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 2491, "end_char_pos": 2521}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bexleyheath and CrayfordBirkenhead)Birmingham Edgbaston", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2552, "end_char_pos": 2607}, {"type": "R", "before": "Birmingham ErdingtonBirmingham Hall GreenBirmingham Hodge HillBirmingham LadywoodLabour", "after": "Labour", "start_char_pos": 2649, "end_char_pos": 2736}, {"type": "D", "before": "Birmingham NorthfieldBirmingham Perry BarrBirmingham Selly Oak", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2759, "end_char_pos": 2821}, {"type": "D", "before": "Birmingham YardleyBishop Auckland", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2863, "end_char_pos": 2896}, {"type": "R", "before": "BlackburnLabour", "after": "Labour", "start_char_pos": 2938, "end_char_pos": 2953}, {"type": "R", "before": "Blackley and BroughtonBlackpool North and CleveleysConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 2976, "end_char_pos": 3039}, {"type": "R", "before": "Blackpool SouthLabour", "after": "Labour", "start_char_pos": 3071, "end_char_pos": 3092}, {"type": "R", "before": "Blaenau GwentLabour", "after": "Labour", "start_char_pos": 3122, "end_char_pos": 3141}, {"type": "D", "before": "Blaydon", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3177, "end_char_pos": 3184}, {"type": "R", "before": "Blyth ValleyBognor Regis and LittlehamptonConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 3217, "end_char_pos": 3271}, {"type": "R", "before": "BolsoverLabour", "after": "Labour", "start_char_pos": 3294, "end_char_pos": 3308}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bolton North EastLabour", "after": "Labour", "start_char_pos": 3341, "end_char_pos": 3364}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bolton South EastLabour", "after": "Labour", "start_char_pos": 3396, "end_char_pos": 3419}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bolton West", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3451, "end_char_pos": 3462}, {"type": "R", "before": "BootleBoston and SkegnessConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 3504, "end_char_pos": 3541}, {"type": "R", "before": "BosworthConservative", "after": "Conservative", "start_char_pos": 3564, "end_char_pos": 3584}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bournemouth 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42336, 42438, 42521, 42626, 42721, 42823, 42949]} {"doc_id": "181719", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Dallas Braden. Dallas Braden , a left-handed pitcher for Major League Baseball's Oakland Athletics in the United States , became one of only nineteen players in the history of the MLB to pitch a perfect game , in a 4-0 win against the Tampa Bay Rays . Braden, aged 26, who retired all 27 batters consecutively on 109 pitches, also earned his first career complete game . In the process of throwing the perfect game, Braden also struck out six Tampa Bay hitters. The perfect game was the second pitched in the Athletics' franchise history, the other being thrown by Hall of Fame pitcher Catfish Hunter on May 8, 1968 against the Minnesota Twins . Braden, at 26, also became the youngest pitcher to throw a complete game since Anaheim Angels pitcher Mike Witt did so at age 24 in 1984. The low crowd at the Oakland Coliseum , at only 12,228, was due to the Mother's Day holiday occurring across the United States, Braden, along with every other Major League Baseball player, donned pink equipment for awareness of breast cancer, which has become a tradition for baseball players on Mother's Day. Braden's own mother died of skin cancer when he was a senior in high school, but his grandmother attended the game. Braden recently drew controversy in the league after publicly criticizing New York Yankees all-star third baseman Alex Rodriguez for crossing the pitcher's mound after a foul ball, which Braden claimed to be an \"unwritten rule\" in baseball. When asked about the no hitter, Rodriguez simply responded, \"Good for him, he threw a perfect game. And even better, he beat the Rays,\" he said, as the Rays lead the American League East division, the same division that Yankees play in. \"Mother's Day hasn't been a joyous day for me in a while. But to know that I still get to come out and compete and play a game on that day, that makes it a little better. With my grandma in the stands, that makes it a lot better. To be able to give her this today was perfect...,\" said Braden in a post-game interview with MLB.com .", "after_revision": "Dallas Braden. , a left-handed pitcher for 's in the , became one of only nineteen players in the history of the MLB to pitch a , in a 4-0 win against the . Braden, aged 26, who retired all 27 batters consecutively on 109 pitches, also earned his first career . In the process of throwing the perfect game, Braden also six Tampa Bay hitters. The perfect game was the second pitched in the Athletics' franchise history, the other being thrown by pitcher on May 8, 1968 against the . Braden, at 26, also became the youngest pitcher to throw a complete game since pitcher did so at age 24 in 1984. The low crowd at the , at only 12,228, was due to the holiday occurring across the United States, Braden, along with every other Major League Baseball player, donned pink equipment for awareness of breast cancer, which has become a tradition for baseball players on Mother's Day. Braden's own mother died of skin cancer when he was a senior in high school, but his grandmother attended the game. Braden recently drew controversy in the league after publicly criticizing all-star third baseman for crossing the pitcher's mound after a foul ball, which Braden claimed to be an \"unwritten rule\" in baseball. When asked about the no hitter, Rodriguez simply responded, \"Good for him, he threw a perfect game. And even better, he beat the Rays,\" he said, as the Rays lead the American League East division, the same division that Yankees play in. \"Mother's Day hasn't been a joyous day for me in a while. But to know that I still get to come out and compete and play a game on that day, that makes it a little better. With my grandma in the stands, that makes it a lot better. To be able to give her this today was perfect...,\" said Braden in a post-game interview with .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Dallas Braden", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 15, "end_char_pos": 28}, {"type": "R", "before": "Major League Baseball's Oakland Athletics in the United States", "after": "'s in the", "start_char_pos": 57, "end_char_pos": 119}, {"type": "D", "before": "perfect game", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 195, "end_char_pos": 207}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tampa Bay Rays", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 235, "end_char_pos": 249}, {"type": "D", "before": "complete game", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 355, "end_char_pos": 368}, {"type": "D", "before": "struck out", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 428, "end_char_pos": 438}, {"type": "R", "before": "Hall of Fame pitcher Catfish Hunter", "after": "pitcher", "start_char_pos": 565, "end_char_pos": 600}, {"type": "D", "before": "Minnesota Twins", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 628, "end_char_pos": 643}, {"type": "R", "before": "Anaheim Angels pitcher Mike Witt", "after": "pitcher", "start_char_pos": 725, "end_char_pos": 757}, {"type": "D", "before": "Oakland Coliseum", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 805, "end_char_pos": 821}, {"type": "D", "before": "Mother's Day", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 855, "end_char_pos": 867}, {"type": "D", "before": "New York Yankees", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1284, "end_char_pos": 1300}, {"type": "D", "before": "Alex Rodriguez", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1324, "end_char_pos": 1338}, {"type": "D", "before": "MLB.com", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2011, "end_char_pos": 2018}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 14, 370, 461, 783, 1093, 1209, 1450, 1550, 1687, 1745, 1858, 1917, 1966]} {"doc_id": "1842580", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "At least twelve people have been killed today in a shooting at the offices of the satirical weekly magazine . Three men in hoods armed with entered the magazine's office in the and shot dead ten journalists and two police officers before making a getaway in a car driven by a fourth collaborator. Five people have been seriously injured in the attack. A member of the police said after leaving the scene the attackers drove to the northeastern suburbs of Paris where they abandoned their vehicle and hijacked another car. French police union Unit\u00e9 spokesman Rocco Contento said of the crime scene, \"it was a real butchery\". The French Government have raised the country's security level to the maximum. President told reporters: \"This is a terrorist attack, there is no doubt about it\". Gerard Biard, the editor-in-chief of Charlie Hebdo, stated: \"I don't understand how people can attack a newspaper with heavy weapons. A newspaper is not a weapon of war.\" The magazine recently posted a cartoon on depicting , a leader of the militant group. US President gave a statement condemning the attack: \"France is America \u2019 s oldest ally, and has stood shoulder to shoulder with the United States in the fight against terrorists who threaten our shared security and the world. Time and again, the French people have stood up for the universal values that generations of our people have defended.\" Obama also said that the US would provide assistance \"to help bring these terrorists to justice\". British Prime Minister tweeted: \"The murders in Paris are sickening. We stand with the French people in the fight against terror and defending the freedom of the press.\" The and the -based have also condemned the attack. In 2006, Charlie Hebdo ran the cartoons depicting that originally appeared in the newspaper . In 2011, it published another cartoon depiction of Muhammed subtitled \"Charia Hebdo\", a pun on . The magazine's office was subsequently firebombed. Following the bombing, the magazine's website was hacked and death threats were made against their staff. The magazine responded by publishing on their front page an image showing both the remains of the magazine's offices and one of their cartoonists kissing a bearded Muslim man. The cover contained the headline .", "after_revision": "At least twelve people have been killed today in a shooting at the Paris offices of the satirical weekly French magazine Charlie Hebdo . Three men in hoods armed with entered the magazine's office in the and shot dead ten journalists and two police officers before making a getaway in a car driven by a fourth collaborator. Five people have been seriously injured in the attack. A member of the police said after leaving the scene the attackers drove to the northeastern suburbs of Paris where they abandoned their vehicle and hijacked another car. French police union Unit\u00e9 spokesman Rocco Contento said of the crime scene, \"it was a real butchery\". The French Government have raised the country's security level to the maximum. President Fran\u00e7ois Hollande told reporters: \"This is a terrorist attack, there is no doubt about it\". G\u00e9rard Biard, the editor-in-chief of Charlie Hebdo, stated: \"I don't understand how people can attack a newspaper with heavy weapons. A newspaper is not a weapon of war.\" The magazine recently posted a cartoon on Twitter depicting , a leader of the Islamic State militant group. US President Barack Obama gave a statement condemning the attack: \"France is America ' s oldest ally, and has stood shoulder to shoulder with the United States in the fight against terrorists who threaten our shared security and the world. Time and again, the French people have stood up for the universal values that generations of our people have defended.\" Obama also said that the US would provide assistance \"to help bring these terrorists to justice\". British Prime Minister David Cameron tweeted: \"The murders in Paris are sickening. We stand with the French people in the fight against terror and defending the freedom of the press.\" The Arab League and the Cairo-based have also condemned the attack. In 2006, Charlie Hebdo ran the cartoons depicting Muhammad that originally appeared in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten . In 2011, it published another cartoon depiction of Muhammed subtitled \"Charia Hebdo\", a pun on sharia . The magazine's office was subsequently firebombed. Following the bombing, the magazine's website was hacked and death threats were made against their staff. The magazine responded by publishing on their front page an image showing both the remains of the magazine's offices and one of their cartoonists kissing a bearded Muslim man. The cover contained the headline .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Paris", "start_char_pos": 67, "end_char_pos": 67}, {"type": "R", "before": "magazine", "after": "French magazine Charlie Hebdo", "start_char_pos": 100, "end_char_pos": 108}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Fran\u00e7ois Hollande", "start_char_pos": 714, "end_char_pos": 714}, {"type": "R", "before": "Gerard", "after": "G\u00e9rard", "start_char_pos": 789, "end_char_pos": 795}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Twitter", "start_char_pos": 1002, "end_char_pos": 1002}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Islamic State", "start_char_pos": 1031, "end_char_pos": 1031}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Barack Obama", "start_char_pos": 1061, "end_char_pos": 1061}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 1121, "end_char_pos": 1122}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "David Cameron", "start_char_pos": 1517, "end_char_pos": 1517}, {"type": "R", "before": "and the -based", "after": "Arab League and the Cairo-based", "start_char_pos": 1669, "end_char_pos": 1683}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Muhammad", "start_char_pos": 1766, "end_char_pos": 1766}, {"type": "R", "before": "newspaper", "after": "Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten", "start_char_pos": 1799, "end_char_pos": 1808}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "sharia", "start_char_pos": 1906, "end_char_pos": 1906}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 110, 297, 352, 522, 624, 703, 788, 922, 959, 1047, 1275, 1395, 1493, 1563, 1664, 1715, 1810, 1908, 1959, 2065, 2241]} {"doc_id": "18527", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In a nationally broadcast radio sermon by former Iranian president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani on Friday, he said of the U. N. watchdog group adopting the resolution for Iran to stop nuclear enrichment activities, \"The decision was a cruel one.\" The Thurday adoption in Vienna by the governing board of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) , was unanimous and legally non-binding in asking Iran to suspend all nuclear fuel related activities. The board also requested a report from the agency's chief, Mohamed ElBaradei, on its compliance by Tehran. On Thursday, an Iranian member of their nuclear negotiating team, Sirous Nasseri, read in London a statement made by his republic at the emergency governing board meeting of the IAEA regarding the Nuclear proliferation treaty (NPT):How can this body be called to react to an act, which is in full conformity with the NPT and the safeguards and constitutes a limited manifestation of the exercise of an inalienable right? A right, which by its own simple meaning, cannot be alienated from anyone. International concern over the Iranian nuclear enrichment program was led by the European Union countries of France, Great Britain and Germany (EU-3), along with the United States. The pressure brought by these nations succeeded in obtaining language calling for the re-instatement of seals that were removed at the Uranium Conversion Facility in Isfahan . The seals were removed during the recent installation of surveillance cameras by IAEA. The agency is to monitor Tehran for compliance to halt uranium enrichment. After a September 3 deadline, Iran again faces a possible referral to the U.N. Security Council where it could be subject to economic sanctions. Meanwhile, the United States is likely to grant an entry visa to Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to attend the United Nations opening session next month in New York City, New York. The Bush administration probe into whether Ahmadinejad was connected to the 1979-1981 Iranian hostage crisis is looking like it was a case of mistaken identity. The decision remains tentative as intelligence reports within the administration continue to circulate, according to The Washington Post citing U.S. officials.", "after_revision": "In a nationally broadcast radio sermon by former Iranian president on Friday, he said of the U. N. watchdog group adopting the resolution for Iran to stop nuclear enrichment activities, \"The decision was a cruel one.\" The Thurday adoption in by the governing board of the (IAEA) was unanimous and legally non-binding in asking Iran to suspend all nuclear fuel related activities. The board also requested a report from the agency's chief, Mohamed ElBaradei, on its compliance by Tehran. On Thursday, an Iranian member of their nuclear negotiating team, Sirous Nasseri, read in a statement made by his republic at the emergency governing board meeting of the IAEA regarding the (NPT):How can this body be called to react to an act, which is in full conformity with the NPT and the safeguards and constitutes a limited manifestation of the exercise of an inalienable right? A right, which by its own simple meaning, cannot be alienated from anyone. International concern over the Iranian nuclear enrichment program was led by the European Union countries of France, Great Britain , and Germany (EU-3), along with the United States. The pressure brought by these nations succeeded in obtaining language calling for the re-instatement of seals that were removed at the Uranium Conversion Facility in . The seals were removed during the recent installation of surveillance cameras by IAEA. The agency is to monitor for compliance to halt uranium enrichment. After a September 3 deadline, Iran again faces a possible referral to the U.N. Security Council where it could be subject to economic sanctions. Meanwhile, the United States is likely to grant an entry to Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to attend the United Nations opening session next month in New York City, New York. The Bush administration probe into whether Ahmadinejad was connected to the 1979-1981 is looking like it was a case of mistaken identity. The decision remains tentative as intelligence reports within the administration continue to circulate, according to citing U.S. officials.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 67, "end_char_pos": 91}, {"type": "D", "before": "Vienna", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 267, "end_char_pos": 273}, {"type": "D", "before": "International Atomic Energy Agency", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 304, "end_char_pos": 338}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 346, "end_char_pos": 347}, {"type": "D", "before": "London", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 646, "end_char_pos": 652}, {"type": "D", "before": "Nuclear proliferation treaty", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 753, "end_char_pos": 781}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1183, "end_char_pos": 1183}, {"type": "D", "before": "Isfahan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1400, "end_char_pos": 1407}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tehran", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1522, "end_char_pos": 1528}, {"type": "D", "before": "visa", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1774, "end_char_pos": 1778}, {"type": "D", "before": "Iranian hostage crisis", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1990, "end_char_pos": 2012}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Washington Post", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2182, "end_char_pos": 2201}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 242, 448, 555, 976, 1051, 1233, 1409, 1496, 1571, 1716, 1903, 2064]} {"doc_id": "188160", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In ice hockey, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Kopeck\u00fd scored the game-winning goal for the Chicago Blackhawks 8:25 into the third period to lift the Blackhawks over the Philadelphia Flyers in Game 1 of the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals Saturday night in Chicago, United States. The game started exciting, with five goals each in the first two periods, but Kopeck\u00fd's game-winner was the sole third-period goal. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Kopeck\u00fd scored the game-winning goal for the Blackhawks. Ville Leino opened the scoring for the Flyers at the 6:38 mark of the first period with Chicago's Troy Brouwer answered back just 68 seconds later. After teammate Patrick Kane was sent off for slashing, Chicago's Dave Bolland scored a short-handed goal to but the Blackhawks ahead. Six minutes later, Brian Campbell was sent off for high-sticking and the Flyers converted on the power play with Scott Hartnell lighting the lamp for Philadelphia. Daniel Bri\u00e8re put the Flyers 3\u20132 up going into the first intermission with just 27 seconds left in the period. With the second period just 71 seconds old, Patrick Sharp evened the score at three. Blackhawk Adam Burish was sent off for boarding at the 4:59 mark, but the Flyers could not extend their lead, ending up converting one of their four power plays ( Ben Eager was sent off for cross checking early in the first period). Blair Betts gave the Flyers their final lead of the game with a shot at the 7:20 mark of the period. The Blackhawks' Kris Versteeg responded two minutes later and at 15:18 mark the Brouwer completed his three-point night with his second goal. Philadelphia's Arron Asham evened the score at five a-piece to complete the period. The third period was a relatively quiet one, with just 14 shots compared to to 26 and 24 shots in the first two periods, respectively. Each team had 32 shots. Kopeck\u00fd's goal was the lone action as the Slovak national slipped the puck past Flyers goalkeeper Brian Boucher , who had 11 saves in 24 minutes on the ice. Boucher replaced Michael Leighton , who stopped 15 of 20 shots. Blackhawk counterpart Antti Niemi collected 27 of 32 shots. The game was the Blackhawks' first Finals victory since 1973. In 1992, they were swept by the Pittsburg Penguins .", "after_revision": "In ice hockey, scored the game-winning goal for the Chicago Blackhawks 8:25 into the third period to lift the Blackhawks over the in Game 1 of the Saturday night in Chicago, United States. The game started exciting, with five goals each in the first two periods, but Kopeck\u00fd's game-winner was the sole third-period goal. scored the game-winning goal for the Blackhawks. opened the scoring for the Flyers at the 6:38 mark of the first period with Chicago's answered back just 68 seconds later. After teammate was sent off for slashing, Chicago's scored a short-handed goal to but the Blackhawks ahead. Six minutes later, was sent off for high-sticking and the Flyers converted on the power play with lighting the lamp for Philadelphia. put the Flyers 3\u20132 up going into the first intermission with just 27 seconds left in the period. With the second period just 71 seconds old, evened the score at three. Blackhawk was sent off for boarding at the 4:59 mark, but the Flyers could not extend their lead, ending up converting one of their four power plays ( was sent off for cross checking early in the first period). gave the Flyers their final lead of the game with a shot at the 7:20 mark of the period. The Blackhawks' responded two minutes later and at 15:18 mark the Brouwer completed his three-point night with his second goal. Philadelphia's evened the score at five a-piece to complete the period. The third period was a relatively quiet one, with just 14 shots compared to to 26 and 24 shots in the first two periods, respectively. Each team had 32 shots. Kopeck\u00fd's goal was the lone action as the Slovak national slipped the puck past Flyers goalkeeper , who had 11 saves in 24 minutes on the ice. Boucher replaced , who stopped 15 of 20 shots. Blackhawk counterpart collected 27 of 32 shots. The game was the Blackhawks' first Finals victory since 1973. In 1992, they were swept by the .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Tom\u00e1\u0161 Kopeck\u00fd", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 15, "end_char_pos": 28}, {"type": "D", "before": "Philadelphia Flyers", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 144, "end_char_pos": 163}, {"type": "D", "before": "2010 Stanley Cup Finals", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 181, "end_char_pos": 204}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tom\u00e1\u0161 Kopeck\u00fd", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 379, "end_char_pos": 392}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ville Leino", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 442, "end_char_pos": 453}, {"type": "D", "before": "Troy Brouwer", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 540, "end_char_pos": 552}, {"type": "D", "before": "Patrick Kane", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 605, "end_char_pos": 617}, {"type": "D", "before": "Dave Bolland", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 655, "end_char_pos": 667}, {"type": "D", "before": "Brian Campbell", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 743, "end_char_pos": 757}, {"type": "D", "before": "Scott Hartnell", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 837, "end_char_pos": 851}, {"type": "D", "before": "Daniel Bri\u00e8re", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 888, "end_char_pos": 901}, {"type": "D", "before": "Patrick Sharp", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1043, "end_char_pos": 1056}, {"type": "D", "before": "Adam Burish", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1094, "end_char_pos": 1105}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ben Eager", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1247, "end_char_pos": 1256}, {"type": "D", "before": "Blair Betts", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1317, "end_char_pos": 1328}, {"type": "D", "before": "Kris Versteeg", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1434, "end_char_pos": 1447}, {"type": "D", "before": "Arron Asham", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1575, "end_char_pos": 1586}, {"type": "D", "before": "Brian Boucher", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1901, "end_char_pos": 1914}, {"type": "D", "before": "Michael Leighton", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1977, "end_char_pos": 1993}, {"type": "D", "before": "Antti Niemi", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2046, "end_char_pos": 2057}, {"type": "D", "before": "Pittsburg Penguins", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2178, "end_char_pos": 2196}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 246, 378, 441, 589, 723, 887, 998, 1083, 1316, 1417, 1559, 1643, 1778, 1802, 1959, 2023, 2083, 2145]} {"doc_id": "188836", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In ice hockey, the Chicago Blackhawks scored two goals just 28 seconds apart late in the second period to take a 2\u20130 series lead over the Philadelphia Flyers in Game 2 of the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals Monday night in Chicago, United States. Ben Eager scored the game-winning goal at the 17:39 mark of second period to give the Chicago Blackhawks a 2\u20130 series lead over the Philadelphia Flyers in Game 2 of the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals. Mari\u00e1n Hossa scored Chicago's first goal at the 17:09 mark of the second period on slap shot deep in the Blackhawk's defensive zone. Left-wingers Troy Brouwer and Patrick Sharp provided assists on the goal. Ben Eager scored the game-winner at the 17:37 mark of the second period on a feed from Dustin Byfuglien . Eager scored his goal on a wrist shot from 38 feet. Philadelphia's lone goal came in the third period, when Simon Gagn\u00e9 scored at the 5:20 mark. Centers Mike Richards and Jeff Carter provides assists on the goal. Unlike the first game, this one was marked by impressive defensive efforts from both sides. Chicago goalkeeper Antti Niemi made 32 saves, earning the Player-of-the-Game honor from the National Hockey League. His counterpart, Michael Leighton who was pulled in Game 1 after giving up five goals, collected 24 saves. Flyers coach Peter Laviolette also acknowledged Niemi, who collected 14 of his 32 saves in the third period. After a fairly clean game on Saturday, Game 2 had a decided edge, which resulted in ten penalties. Neither team capitalized on their power play opportunities. At the 17:27 mark of the first period, three players were sent off: Chicago's Game 1 hero Tom\u00e1\u0161 Kopeck\u00fd for roughing, with Philadelphia's Richards and Daniel Carcillo going to the box of elbowing and unsportsmanlike conduct, respectively.", "after_revision": "In ice hockey, the scored two goals just 28 seconds apart late in the second period to take a 2\u20130 series lead over the in Game 2 of the Monday night in Chicago, United States. scored the game-winning goal at the 17:39 mark of second period to give the a 2\u20130 series lead over the in Game 2 of the . scored Chicago's first goal at the 17:09 mark of the second period on slap shot deep in the Blackhawk's defensive zone. Left-wingers and provided assists on the goal. scored the game-winner at the 17:37 mark of the second period on a feed from . Eager scored his goal on a wrist shot from 38 feet. Philadelphia's lone goal came in the third period, when scored at the 5:20 mark. Centers and provides assists on the goal. Unlike the first game, this one was marked by impressive defensive efforts from both sides. Chicago goalkeeper made 32 saves, earning the Player-of-the-Game honor from the National Hockey League. His counterpart, who was pulled in Game 1 after giving up five goals, collected 24 saves. Flyers coach also acknowledged Niemi, who collected 14 of his 32 saves in the third period. After a fairly clean game on Saturday, Game 2 had a decided edge, which resulted in ten penalties. Neither team capitalized on their power play opportunities. At the 17:27 mark of the first period, three players were sent off: Chicago's Game 1 hero for roughing, with Philadelphia's Richards and going to the box of elbowing and unsportsmanlike conduct, respectively.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Chicago Blackhawks", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 19, "end_char_pos": 37}, {"type": "D", "before": "Philadelphia Flyers", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 138, "end_char_pos": 157}, {"type": "D", "before": "2010 Stanley Cup Finals", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 175, "end_char_pos": 198}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ben Eager", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 239, "end_char_pos": 248}, {"type": "D", "before": "Chicago Blackhawks", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 325, "end_char_pos": 343}, {"type": "D", "before": "Philadelphia Flyers", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 371, "end_char_pos": 390}, {"type": "R", "before": "2010 Stanley Cup Finals. 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In the women's semifinals, Stosur easily defeated Jelena Jankovic, once number one in the world , while Schiavone's opponent Elena Dementieva decided to withdraw due to a torn calf muscle after losing one set to Schiavone. Stosur and Schiavone will face off at the Stade Roland Garros this Saturday for the final round of the French Open. As this is the first Grand Slam final for both players, a victory for either will mean her first major championship title. Schiavone is also the first Italian woman to compete in a Grand Slam semifinal match. However, this is not the first time the two have met: Stosur beat Schiavone in the opening round of last year's French Open, and again in Osaka later that year. This year's championship has been one with several major upsets. None of the top three women in the event, including sisters Venus and Serena Williams , made it to the semifinals. In fact, none of the female semifinalists this year have ever won a Grand Slam title, which has not occurred at the French Open for over 30 years. In a major upset for the men's title, Robin Soderling defeated Swiss player Roger Federer in a quarterfinal match of the French Open Tuesday, ending Federer's streak of 23 consecutive Grand Slam semifinal appearances. Federer could also lose his status as number one in the world to rival Rafael Nadal if Nadal wins this year's French Open. However, Soderling is known for being the only person to have defeated Nadal in the French Open. In the men's semifinals earlier today, the 24-year-old Nadal beat Austria's Jurgen Melzer , and Soderling defeated Czech player Tomas Berdych . If Nadal beats Soderling in this Sunday's final round, it will be his fifth French Open title.", "after_revision": "Samantha Stosur at Roland Garros in 2009 Australia's will compete against Italy's for the women's title in this year's , while 's will go up against 's . In the women's semifinals, Stosur easily defeated , once , while Schiavone's opponent decided to withdraw due to a torn after losing one set to Schiavone. Stosur and Schiavone will face off at the this Saturday for the final round of the French Open. As this is the first final for both players, a victory for either will mean her first major championship title. Schiavone is also the first Italian woman to compete in a Grand Slam semifinal match. However, this is not the first time the two have met: Stosur beat Schiavone in the opening round of last year's French Open, and again in later that year. This year's championship has been one with several major upsets. None of the top three women in the event, including sisters and , made it to the semifinals. In fact, none of the female semifinalists this year have ever won a Grand Slam title, which has not occurred at the French Open for over 30 years. In a major upset for the men's title, Robin Soderling defeated Swiss player in a quarterfinal match of the French Open Tuesday, ending Federer's streak of 23 consecutive Grand Slam semifinal appearances. Federer could also lose his status as number one in the world to rival Rafael Nadal if Nadal wins this year's French Open. However, Soderling is known for being the only person to have defeated Nadal in the French Open. In the men's semifinals earlier today, the 24-year-old Nadal beat Austria's , and Soderling defeated Czech player . If Nadal beats Soderling in this Sunday's final round, it will be his fifth French Open title.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Samantha Stosur", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 53, "end_char_pos": 68}, {"type": "D", "before": "Francesca Schiavone", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 98, "end_char_pos": 117}, {"type": "R", "before": "French Open, while Spain's Rafael Nadal", "after": ", while 's", "start_char_pos": 155, "end_char_pos": 194}, {"type": "R", "before": "Sweden's Robin Soderling", "after": "'s", "start_char_pos": 214, "end_char_pos": 238}, {"type": "D", "before": "Jelena Jankovic, once number one in the world", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 291, "end_char_pos": 336}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "once ,", "start_char_pos": 339, "end_char_pos": 339}, {"type": "D", "before": "Elena Dementieva", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 367, "end_char_pos": 383}, {"type": "D", "before": "calf muscle", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 418, "end_char_pos": 429}, {"type": "D", "before": "Stade Roland Garros", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 507, "end_char_pos": 526}, {"type": "D", "before": "Grand Slam", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 602, "end_char_pos": 612}, {"type": "D", "before": "Osaka", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 928, "end_char_pos": 933}, {"type": "R", "before": "Venus and Serena Williams", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 1076, "end_char_pos": 1101}, {"type": "D", "before": "Roger Federer", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1354, "end_char_pos": 1367}, {"type": "D", "before": "Jurgen Melzer", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1792, "end_char_pos": 1805}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tomas Berdych", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1844, "end_char_pos": 1857}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 240, 464, 580, 703, 789, 950, 1015, 1130, 1277, 1495, 1618, 1715, 1859]} {"doc_id": "190356", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In his WWDC keynote, Steve Jobs introduced iPhone 4 yesterday. Yesterday, at this year's Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), company CEO Steve Jobs unveiled iPhone 4, along with the new iOS 4 operating system for Apple mobile devices. The announcement was long-awaited but not a very big surprise. In April, the technology blog Gizmodo obtained a prototype of the new phone and published details of it online. While introducing iPhone 4, at the annual conference, Jobs started by hinting at the incident, saying, \"Stop me if you've already seen this.\" The new iPhone was praised by Jobs as \"the biggest leap we've taken since the original iPhone.\" It is only 9.3 millimetres (0.37 inches) thick, making it \"the thinnest smartphone on the planet\", a 24 percent reduction from Apple's previous model, the iPhone 3GS. Structure-wise, iPhone 4 has a new stainless steel frame, which acts as an antenna , supposedly boosting its signal reception abilities and possibly reducing the amount of dropped calls . It also has a new screen, dubbed a \"retina display,\" which displays images at 326 pixels per inch . During the keynote, Jobs demoed the device's new internal gyroscope as well. Even though it now uses Apple's faster A4 processor (first used in its iPad tablet ), iPhone 4 has a claimed seven hours of 3G talk time, up two hours from the 3GS. In addition to its design features, Jobs showed off iPhone 4's new video calling abilities. This feature is called FaceTime , and connects with other iPhone 4s via Wi-Fi . The phone has two cameras : one on the front for video chats, and one on the back for taking pictures and other videos. The rear camera has a resolution of five megapixels , is capable of recording high-definition video , and has an LED flash. The iPhone 4 will use Apple's latest mobile operating system, iOS 4. Formerly \"iPhone OS,\" iOS 4 was first introduced by Apple in April, and includes multitasking capabilities. Jobs called the new software \"the most advanced mobile operating system in the world.\" iOS will support Apple's new mobile advertising service, iAd , which goes live on July 1. iPhone 4 will be available on June 24 in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan. It comes in two colors\u2014black and white\u2014and two storage capacities. The 16GB version is priced at US$199 and the 32GB version at US$299. The iPhone 3GS's price will be reduced to US$99, and the iPhone 3G will be discontinued. iOS will be available as a free software update to users of compatible older Apple devices (including the 3GS) on June 21. In the U.S., iPhone 4 will only be available on AT T 's cellular network, despite calls for Apple to let the iPhone be used on other carriers, such as Verizon . Competition-wise, the BlackBerry mobile device is still the most popular smartphone right now. Apple is also facing some serious competition from web giant Google's Android operating system, as well as Palm's webOS . Earlier this year, Android phones managed to outsell iPhones. iPhone users, however, account for over half of those surfing the Internet on a mobile browser in the U.S. Jobs also noted that over five billion iOS applications, commonly called \"apps,\" have been purchased from Apple's App Store . The App Store currently has around 225,000 different apps for sale.", "after_revision": "In his WWDC keynote, Steve Jobs introduced iPhone 4 yesterday. Yesterday, at this year's (WWDC), company Steve Jobs unveiled 4, along with the new 4 for Apple mobile devices. The announcement was long-awaited but not a very big surprise. In April, the technology blog obtained a prototype of the new phone and published details of it online. While introducing iPhone 4, at the annual conference, Jobs started by hinting at the incident, saying, \"Stop me if you've already seen this.\" The new iPhone was praised by Jobs as \"the biggest leap we've taken since the original iPhone.\" It is only 9.3 millimetres (0.37 inches) thick, making it \"the thinnest smartphone on the planet\", a 24 percent reduction from Apple's previous model, the iPhone 3GS. Structure-wise, iPhone 4 has a new frame, which acts as an , supposedly boosting its signal reception abilities and possibly reducing the amount of . It also has a new screen, dubbed a \"retina display,\" which displays images at 326 . During the keynote, Jobs demoed the device's new internal as well. Even though it now uses Apple's faster A4 (first used in its ), iPhone 4 has a claimed seven hours of talk time, up two hours from the 3GS. In addition to its design features, Jobs showed off iPhone 4's new abilities. This feature is called , and connects with other iPhone 4s via . The phone has two : one on the front for video chats, and one on the back for taking pictures and other videos. The rear camera has a resolution of five , is capable of recording , and has an flash. The iPhone 4 will use Apple's latest mobile operating system, iOS 4. Formerly \"iPhone OS,\" iOS 4 was first introduced by Apple in April, and includes capabilities. Jobs called the new software \"the most advanced mobile operating system in the world.\" iOS will support Apple's new mobile advertising service, , which goes live on July 1. iPhone 4 will be available on June 24 in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan. It comes in two colors\u2014black and white\u2014and two storage capacities. The 16 version is priced at US$199 and the 32GB version at US$299. The iPhone 3GS's price will be reduced to US$99, and the iPhone 3G will be discontinued. iOS will be available as a free software update to users of compatible older Apple devices (including the 3GS) on June 21. In the U.S., iPhone 4 will only be available on 's cellular network, despite calls for Apple to let the iPhone be used on other carriers, such as . Competition-wise, the mobile device is still the most popular right now. Apple is also facing some serious competition from web giant Google's operating system, as well as 's . Earlier this year, Android phones managed to outsell iPhones. iPhone users, however, account for over half of those surfing the on a mobile browser in the U.S. Jobs also noted that over five billion iOS applications, commonly called \"apps,\" have been purchased from Apple's . The App Store currently has around 225,000 different apps for sale.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Apple Worldwide Developers Conference", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 89, "end_char_pos": 126}, {"type": "D", "before": "CEO", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 143, "end_char_pos": 146}, {"type": "D", "before": "iPhone", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 167, "end_char_pos": 173}, {"type": "D", "before": "iOS", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 196, "end_char_pos": 199}, {"type": "D", "before": "operating system", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 202, "end_char_pos": 218}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gizmodo", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 338, "end_char_pos": 345}, {"type": "D", "before": "stainless steel", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 860, "end_char_pos": 875}, {"type": "D", "before": "antenna", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 900, "end_char_pos": 907}, {"type": "D", "before": "dropped calls", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 997, "end_char_pos": 1010}, {"type": "D", "before": "pixels per inch", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1095, "end_char_pos": 1110}, {"type": "D", "before": "gyroscope", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1171, "end_char_pos": 1180}, {"type": "D", "before": "processor", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1232, "end_char_pos": 1241}, {"type": "D", "before": "iPad tablet", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1261, "end_char_pos": 1272}, {"type": "D", "before": "3G", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1314, "end_char_pos": 1316}, {"type": "D", "before": "video calling", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1422, "end_char_pos": 1435}, {"type": "D", "before": "FaceTime", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1470, "end_char_pos": 1478}, {"type": "D", "before": "Wi-Fi", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1519, "end_char_pos": 1524}, {"type": "D", "before": "cameras", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1545, "end_char_pos": 1552}, {"type": "D", "before": "megapixels", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1688, "end_char_pos": 1698}, {"type": "D", "before": "high-definition video", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1725, "end_char_pos": 1746}, {"type": "D", "before": "LED", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1760, "end_char_pos": 1763}, {"type": "D", "before": "multitasking", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1921, "end_char_pos": 1933}, {"type": "D", "before": "iAd", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2092, "end_char_pos": 2095}, {"type": "R", "before": "16GB", "after": "16", "start_char_pos": 2300, "end_char_pos": 2304}, {"type": "D", "before": "AT", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2625, "end_char_pos": 2627}, {"type": "D", "before": "T", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2628, "end_char_pos": 2629}, {"type": "D", "before": "Verizon", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2728, "end_char_pos": 2735}, {"type": "D", "before": "BlackBerry", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2760, "end_char_pos": 2770}, {"type": "D", "before": "smartphone", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2811, "end_char_pos": 2821}, {"type": "D", "before": "Android", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2903, "end_char_pos": 2910}, {"type": "R", "before": "Palm's webOS", "after": "'s", "start_char_pos": 2940, "end_char_pos": 2952}, {"type": "D", "before": "Internet", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3083, "end_char_pos": 3091}, {"type": "D", "before": "App Store", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3238, "end_char_pos": 3247}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 62, 244, 307, 419, 561, 657, 824, 1012, 1189, 1354, 1446, 1526, 1646, 1770, 1947, 2228, 2295, 2364, 2576, 2832, 3249]} {"doc_id": "191326", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Israel will carry out an inquiry into last month's raid on a flotilla of Gaza-bound aid ships. The inquiry will include two non-voting foreign observers. Israel had earlier rejected a UN call for an international inquiry. |The Mavi Marmara , one of the ships boarded last month. Nine Turkish citizens were killed on May 31, when Israeli naval commandos boarded a vessel in the flotilla, the MV Mavi Marmara . The three-man inquest into the boarding action , which took place in international waters, will be headed by ex-Supreme Court judge Yaakov Tirkel. A retired military officer and a professor of international law are the other members. The two foreign observers will be Nobel Peace Prize winner David Trimble and a former jurist in the Canadian military, Brigadier General Kenneth Watkin . They are to watch the panel consider how the Turks died, as well as judge whether the naval blockade of Gaza is allowable under international law. Middle East peace envoy for the Madrid Quartet , Tony Blair, said that he hoped that the Israeli blockade on Gaza would be softened within days, whilst the White House backed a Security Council statement calling for a \"prompt, impartial [and] credible\" review. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas said that the inquest did \"not correspond to what the Security Council asked for\". The Turkish government is not satisfied with Israel's inquiry. Ahmet Davutoglu , the Turkish Foreign Minister, said in a news conference that Israel's \"one-sided inquiry\" is insufficient, and his country wishes for a commission to be set up under the control of the United Nations. Turkey has withdrawn their ambassador to Israel and canceled joint military exercises. It is calling for the blockade, which the Red Cross says violates the Geneva Convention, to be lifted. Related news ", "after_revision": "Israel will carry out an inquiry into last month's on a flotilla of Gaza-bound aid ships. The inquiry will include two non-voting foreign observers. Israel had earlier rejected a UN call for an international inquiry. |The , one of the ships boarded last month. Nine Turkish citizens were killed on May 31, when boarded a vessel in the flotilla, the MV . The three-man inquest into the , which took place in international waters, will be headed by ex-Supreme Court judge Yaakov Tirkel. A retired military officer and a professor of international law are the other members. The two foreign observers will be winner and a former jurist in the Canadian military, . They are to watch the panel consider how the Turks died, as well as judge whether the naval blockade of Gaza is allowable under international law. Middle East peace envoy for the , Tony Blair, said that he hoped that the Israeli blockade on Gaza would be softened within days, whilst the White House backed a Security Council statement calling for a \"prompt, impartial [and] credible\" review. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas said that the inquest did \"not correspond to what the Security Council asked for\". The Turkish government is not satisfied with Israel's inquiry. , the Turkish Foreign Minister, said in a news conference that Israel's \"one-sided inquiry\" is insufficient, and his country wishes for a commission to be set up under the control of the United Nations. Turkey has withdrawn their ambassador to Israel and canceled joint military exercises. It is calling for the blockade, which the Red Cross says violates the Geneva Convention, to be lifted. Related news Sister links Sourcces Category:Israel Category:Turkey Category:Middle East Category:Politics and conflicts Category:Gaza Strip Category:Blockade of the Gaza Strip Category:Mediterranean Sea Category:Red Cross and Red Crescent Category:Ahmet Davuto", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "raid", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 51, "end_char_pos": 55}, {"type": "D", "before": "Mavi Marmara", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 227, "end_char_pos": 239}, {"type": "D", "before": "Israeli naval commandos", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 329, "end_char_pos": 352}, {"type": "D", "before": "Mavi Marmara", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 394, "end_char_pos": 406}, {"type": "D", "before": "boarding action", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 440, "end_char_pos": 455}, {"type": "R", "before": "Nobel Peace Prize winner David Trimble", "after": "winner", "start_char_pos": 677, "end_char_pos": 715}, {"type": "D", "before": "Brigadier General Kenneth Watkin", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 762, "end_char_pos": 794}, {"type": "D", "before": "Madrid Quartet", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 976, "end_char_pos": 990}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ahmet Davutoglu", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1387, "end_char_pos": 1402}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Sister links", "start_char_pos": 1809, "end_char_pos": 1809}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Sourcces", "start_char_pos": 1810, "end_char_pos": 1810}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Category:Israel Category:Turkey Category:Middle East Category:Politics and conflicts Category:Gaza Strip Category:Blockade of the Gaza Strip Category:Mediterranean Sea Category:Red Cross and Red Crescent Category:Ahmet Davuto", "start_char_pos": 1811, "end_char_pos": 1811}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 94, 153, 221, 278, 408, 555, 642, 796, 943, 1204, 1323, 1386, 1605, 1692, 1795]} {"doc_id": "1928792", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "Flag of ISIL. A video was released yesterday purporting to show the execution of 21 by supporters of (ISIL) . The video shows the prisoners being beheaded in a location apparently near in . The captives, all wearing orange in the video, were picked up in , a coastal town in Libya, during December and January. The video indicates that the Christians were targeted by ISIL because of their religion. The Coptic Orthodox Church stated they were \"confident\" justice would be carried out . 's President stated: \"Egypt and the whole world are in a fierce battle with extremist groups carrying extremist ideology and sharing the same goals\".", "after_revision": "Flag of ISIL. A video purporting to show the execution of 21 by supporters of (ISIL) has been released yesterday . The video shows them being beheaded in a location apparently near in . The captives, all shown being executed in orange in the video, were picked up in , a coastal town in Libya, during December and January. The video asserts the Christians were targeted by ISIL because of their religion. The Coptic Orthodox Church stated they were \"confident\" justice would be done on those who executed their followers . 's President stated: \"Egypt and the whole world are in a fierce battle with extremist groups carrying extremist ideology and sharing the same goals\".", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "was released yesterday", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 22, "end_char_pos": 44}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "has been released yesterday", "start_char_pos": 108, "end_char_pos": 108}, {"type": "R", "before": "the prisoners", "after": "them", "start_char_pos": 127, "end_char_pos": 140}, {"type": "R", "before": "wearing", "after": "shown being executed in", "start_char_pos": 209, "end_char_pos": 216}, {"type": "R", "before": "indicates that", "after": "asserts", "start_char_pos": 322, "end_char_pos": 336}, {"type": "R", "before": "carried out", "after": "done on those who executed their followers", "start_char_pos": 474, "end_char_pos": 485}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 13, 110, 190, 311, 400, 487]} {"doc_id": "193201", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "File photo of Jimmie Johnson. NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver Jimmie Johnson won his second consecutive race of the season on Sunday during the 2010 Lenox Industrial Tools 301 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway . It was his fifth victory in the 2010 season of the US's leading professional stock car series, drawing him level with Denny Hamlin for the most wins. The victory earned Johnson 190 points (including a 5 point bonus), moving him closer to point leader Kevin Harvick , but he is still 105 points behind in second position. With eight laps remaining, Kurt Busch , who was running second, bumped Johnson to become the leader, but Johnson returned the favor a couple laps later to the lead the final two laps. Johnson said, \u201cKurt knocked me out of the way. At that point, I thought, I don\u2019t care if I win or finish. I\u2019m going to run into him one way or the other ... I tried once and moved him. (I thought) I\u2019ve got to hit him harder. The second time I did and moved him out of the way.\u201d Tony Stewart finished in the second position, ahead of Kurt Busch and Jeff Gordon in third and fourth. Ryan Newman, Clint Bowyer, Dale Earnhardt, Jr., Joey Logano and A. J. Allmendinger rounded out the top ten positions. The race had total of four cautions and sixteen lead changes among nine different drivers. Kasey Kahne led the most laps by leading 110. In the point standings , Harvick and Johnson remained in the first and second position. Kyle Busch , because of his accident with Jeff Burton maintained the third position while his team mate Hamlin is fourth. Gordon, Kurt Busch, Matt Kenseth , and Burton followed in the top-eight points positions. Stewart move up one position after finishing second and is in the ninth position, as Greg Biffle fell to tenth. Mark Martin and Carl Edwards rounded out the top-twelve, and is currently in the Chase . Official Top-10 Race Results for the 2010 Lenox Industrial Tools 301 Position Car Number Driver 1 48 Jimmie Johnson 2 14 Tony Stewart 3 2 Kurt Busch 4 24 Jeff Gordon 529 Kevin Harvick 6 39 Ryan Newman 7 33 Clint Bowyer 8 88 Dale Earnhardt, Jr. 9 33 Joey Logano 10 43 A. J. Allmendinger", "after_revision": "File photo of . driver won his second consecutive race of the on Sunday during the at . It was his fifth victory in the 2010 season of the US's leading professional stock car series, drawing him level with for the most wins. The victory earned Johnson 190 points (including a 5 point bonus), moving him closer to point leader , but he is still 105 points behind in second position. With eight laps remaining, , who was running second, bumped Johnson to become the leader, but Johnson returned the favor a couple laps later to the lead the final two laps. Johnson said, \u201cKurt knocked me out of the way. At that point, I thought, I don\u2019t care if I win or finish. I\u2019m going to run into him one way or the other ... I tried once and moved him. (I thought) I\u2019ve got to hit him harder. The second time I did and moved him out of the way.\u201d finished in the second position, ahead of Kurt Busch and in third and fourth. , , , and rounded out the top ten positions. The race had total of four cautions and sixteen lead changes among nine different drivers. led the most laps by leading 110. In the , Harvick and Johnson remained in the first and second position. , because of his accident with maintained the third position while his team mate Hamlin is fourth. Gordon, Kurt Busch, , and Burton followed in the top-eight points positions. Stewart move up one position after finishing second and is in the ninth position, as |Greg Biffle fell to tenth. and rounded out the top-twelve, and is currently in the . Official Top-10 Race Results for the Position Car Number Driver 1 48 Jimmie Johnson 2 14 3 2 4 24 529 6 39 7 33 8 88 9 33 10 43 Sister links", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Jimmie Johnson. 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J. Allmendinger", "after": "Sister links", "start_char_pos": 2119, "end_char_pos": 2137}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 29, 209, 359, 530, 714, 761, 820, 871, 899, 939, 992, 1095, 1213, 1304, 1350, 1438, 1560, 1650, 1762, 1851]} {"doc_id": "193285", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Senator Robert Byrd , the longest serving member of the United States Congress died yesterday at the age of 92. Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia (1917-2010) A spokesman for the Democratic Senator from the state of West Virginia said Byrd had been hospitalized since last week. At first he was thought to have been suffering from heat exhaustion and severe dehydration but other medical conditions developed. On Sunday, his condition was described as \"serious\". Byrd was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1952 and to the U.S. Senate in 1958. He suffered from ill health in recent years but retained his reputation for securing millions in federal funding for his home state. Throughout his career in the U.S Senate he held positions including Senate Majority Whip, Majority Leader twice and Minority Leader once. Due to his status as the longest serving Senator, Byrd was serving as President pro tempore of the United States Senate , which made him third in line in the Presidential line of succession. Senator Daniel Inouye of Hawaii has been sworn in as the new President pro tempore. Byrd served nine terms in the Senate and was labeled by critics as the \"King of Pork \". He used his former chairmanship of the Senate Appropriations Committee to steer over one billion dollars in federal aid to West Virginia, one of the poorest states in the country, described by him as, \"one of the rock bottomest [sic] of states\". Byrd was originally born as Cornelius Calvin Sale, Jr. on November 20, 1917. He grew up in the coal mining regions of southern West Virginia with his aunt and uncle, who adopted him following the death of his mother in the 1918 flu pandemic . He was the valedictorian of his high school class, but could not afford college and did not attend university courses until his 30s and 40s. The Senator had a fondness for history, and included excerpts of poetry, Shakespeare, Greek and Roman classics along with verses from the Bible in his Senate speeches. He considered himself a staunch defender of United States Constitution, and carried a copy of it in his pocket. Byrd was versed in parliamentary procedure using some of the Senate's arcane rules to his advantage. He received awards from the American Historical Association and the Organization of American Historians for significant contributions to history. Byrd had his share of controversy. He was at one time a member of the Ku Klux Klan , serving as the top officer of his local chapter and once held racial segregationist views. Byrd was involved in the filibuster against the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 , which he voted against. Byrd later explicitly and repeatedly denounced his former segregationist views. Byrd is the only Senator to have voted against the nominations of African-American Supreme Court justices Thurgood Marshall and Marshall's successor following his retirement, Clarence Thomas . Byrd's opposition of Thomas was based on the testimony of Anita Hill who accused Thomas of sexually harassing her and due to the fact that Byrd felt Thomas was \"injecting racism\" into the debate by using the phrase \"high-tech lynching of uppity blacks\" in his defense against the allegations. Byrd, who supported the Vietnam War , was one of the most outspoken critics of the War in Iraq . He voted against the Iraq War Resolution . Byrd spoke on the eve the invasion saying, \"Today I weep for my country. [...] No more is the image of America one of strong, yet benevolent peacekeeper. The image of America has changed. Around the globe, our friends mistrust us, our word is disputed, our intentions are questioned. Instead of reasoning with those with whom we disagree, we demand obedience or threaten recrimination.\"", "after_revision": " , the longest serving member of the , died yesterday at the age of 92. Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia (1917-2010) A spokesman for the Democratic Senator from the state of West Virginia said Byrd had been hospitalized since last week. At first he was thought to have been suffering from and severe but other medical conditions developed. On Sunday, his condition was described as \"serious\". Byrd was first elected to the in 1952 and to the U.S. Senate in 1958. He suffered from ill health in recent years but retained his reputation for securing millions in federal funding for his home state. Throughout his career in the U.S Senate he held positions including , twice and once. Due to his status as the longest serving Senator, Byrd was serving as , which made him third in line in the Presidential line of succession. Senator of Hawaii has been sworn in as the new President pro tempore. Byrd served nine terms in the Senate and was labeled by critics as the \"King of \". He used his former chairmanship of the to steer over one billion dollars in federal aid to West Virginia, one of the poorest states in the country, described by him as, \"one of the rock bottomest [sic] of states\". Byrd was originally born as Cornelius Calvin Sale, Jr. on November 20, 1917. He grew up in the coal mining regions of southern West Virginia with his aunt and uncle, who adopted him following the death of his mother in the . He was the valedictorian of his high school class, but could not afford college and did not attend university courses until his 30s and 40s. The Senator had a fondness for history, and included excerpts of poetry, Shakespeare, Greek and Roman classics along with verses from the Bible in his Senate speeches. He considered himself a staunch defender of United States Constitution, and carried a copy of it in his pocket. Byrd was versed in using some of the Senate's arcane rules to his advantage. He received awards from the American Historical Association and the Organization of American Historians for significant contributions to history. Byrd had his share of controversy. He was at one time a member of the , serving as the top officer of his local chapter and once held racial segregationist views. Byrd was involved in the against the landmark , which he voted against. Byrd later explicitly and repeatedly denounced his former segregationist views. Byrd is the only Senator to have voted against the nominations of African-American justices and Marshall's successor following his retirement, . Byrd's opposition of Thomas was based on the testimony of who accused Thomas of sexually harassing her and due to the fact that Byrd felt Thomas was \"injecting racism\" into the debate by using the phrase \"high-tech lynching of uppity blacks\" in his defense against the allegations. Byrd, who supported the , was one of the most outspoken critics of the . He voted against the . Byrd spoke on the eve the invasion saying, \"Today I weep for my country. [...] No more is the image of America one of strong, yet benevolent peacekeeper. The image of America has changed. Around the globe, our friends mistrust us, our word is disputed, our intentions are questioned. Instead of reasoning with those with whom we disagree, we demand obedience or threaten recrimination.\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Senator Robert Byrd", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 19}, {"type": "R", "before": "United States Congress", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 56, "end_char_pos": 78}, {"type": "R", "before": "heat exhaustion and severe dehydration", "after": "and severe", "start_char_pos": 333, "end_char_pos": 371}, {"type": "D", "before": "U.S. House of Representatives", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 495, "end_char_pos": 524}, {"type": "R", "before": "Senate Majority Whip, Majority Leader twice and Minority Leader", "after": ", twice and", "start_char_pos": 766, "end_char_pos": 829}, {"type": "D", "before": "President pro tempore of the United States Senate", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 906, "end_char_pos": 955}, {"type": "D", "before": "Daniel Inouye", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1035, "end_char_pos": 1048}, {"type": "D", "before": "Pork", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1191, "end_char_pos": 1195}, {"type": "D", "before": "Senate Appropriations Committee", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1238, "end_char_pos": 1269}, {"type": "D", "before": "1918 flu pandemic", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1668, "end_char_pos": 1685}, {"type": "D", "before": "parliamentary procedure", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2128, "end_char_pos": 2151}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ku Klux Klan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2426, "end_char_pos": 2438}, {"type": "D", "before": "filibuster", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2557, "end_char_pos": 2567}, {"type": "D", "before": "Civil Rights Act of 1964", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2589, "end_char_pos": 2613}, {"type": "R", "before": "Supreme Court justices Thurgood Marshall", "after": "justices", "start_char_pos": 2803, "end_char_pos": 2843}, {"type": "D", "before": "Clarence Thomas", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2895, "end_char_pos": 2910}, {"type": "D", "before": "Anita Hill", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2971, "end_char_pos": 2981}, {"type": "D", "before": "Vietnam War", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3230, "end_char_pos": 3241}, {"type": "D", "before": "War in Iraq", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3289, "end_char_pos": 3300}, {"type": "D", "before": "Iraq War Resolution", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3324, "end_char_pos": 3343}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 111, 280, 411, 464, 564, 697, 835, 1026, 1110, 1198, 1444, 1521, 1687, 1828, 1996, 2108, 2209, 2355, 2390, 2531, 2639, 2719, 2912, 3205, 3302, 3499, 3533, 3629]} {"doc_id": "194412", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Location of Louisiana, Missouri, the abducted girl's hometown. The Amber Alert issued for four-year-old Alisa Maier of Louisiana , Missouri was canceled after Maier was found alive at a gas station late Tuesday night, just over 24 hours after her kidnapping. A person of interest in the incident shot himself when approached by police on Wednesday afternoon. The young Maier was playing with her six-year-old brother, Blake, when investigators say she was kidnapped at around 8 p.m. CDT (0200 UTC ) Monday evening. The brother ran inside the home to alert his parents after seeing an unfamiliar person drive away with his sister. Police say that the boy was the only witness to the incident, and provided them with a vague description of the suspect and vehicle in the case. Both of Maier's parents were inside their residence at the time of the abduction, and did not notice the incident until their son came in for help. Maier's mother attempted to pursue the kidnapper while waiting for police to arrive, but was unsuccessful. An Amber Alert was issued shortly afterwards, and over 100 searchers, some volunteers, began scouring through Louisiana on Tuesday morning. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) also joined in the investigation. Currently, the Louisiana Police Department, Missouri State Highway Patrol , FBI, and St. Louis County Police Department, are all involved in the investigation. At around 9:45 p.m. CDT (0245 UTC) Tuesday, Maier was found alive and apparently unharmed wandering near a car wash in Fenton. St. Louis County police were alerted to the area after several people reported that a small boy had been left unattended at the gas station. After talking with the child, police realized it was the missing Maier. She was taken to SSM St. Clare Medical Center for evaluation, released, and then taken to the St. Louis County Police West County Precinct. Early Wednesday morning, she was taken to another hospital, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital , for more tests. Police said that Maier's hair was cut, possibly to make her look like a boy, but have not said whether she was sexually assaulted. Maier's family was said to be \"elated\" over the girl's safe return. They recently moved into the town of 4,000, where they have family, but Alisa Maier was born in Ohio. Louisiana is about 80 miles (128.7 kilometres) north of St. Louis and is situated next to the Mississippi River . On Wednesday afternoon, law enforcement officials were following a man driving a dark car to a home in Hawk Point , Missouri when the man reportedly shot himself around 4:30 p.m. CDT (2130 UTC). The man, called a \"person of interest\" in the case, was then transported to a Lake St. Louis hospital. Authorities have not officially released the man's identity, but sources identified the individual as Paul Serling Smith, a 38-year-old registered sex offender previously convicted of sodomy. The shooting occurred about midway between where the kidnapping took place and where Maier was found. Smith was listed in \"critical condition\" Wednesday night, and later died.", "after_revision": "Location of Louisiana, Missouri, the abducted girl's hometown. The issued for four-year-old Alisa Maier of , Missouri was canceled after Maier was found alive at a gas station late Tuesday night, just over 24 hours after her kidnapping. A person of interest in the incident shot himself when approached by police on Wednesday afternoon. The young Maier was playing with her six-year-old brother, Blake, when investigators say she was kidnapped at around 8 p.m. (0200 ) Monday evening. The brother ran inside the home to alert his parents after seeing an unfamiliar person drive away with his sister. Police say that the boy was the only witness to the incident, and provided them with a vague description of the suspect and vehicle in the case. Both of Maier's parents were inside their residence at the time of the abduction, and did not notice the incident until their son came in for help. Maier's mother attempted to pursue the kidnapper while waiting for police to arrive, but was unsuccessful. An Amber Alert was issued shortly afterwards, and over 100 searchers, some volunteers, began scouring through Louisiana on Tuesday morning. The (FBI) also joined in the investigation. Currently, the Louisiana Police Department, , FBI, and St. Louis County Police Department, are all involved in the investigation. At around 9:45 p.m. CDT (0245 UTC) Tuesday, Maier was found alive and apparently unharmed wandering near a car wash in . police were alerted to the area after several people reported that a small boy had been left unattended at the gas station. After talking with the child, police realized it was the missing Maier. She was taken to St. Clare Medical Center for evaluation, released, and then taken to the St. Louis County Police West County Precinct. Early Wednesday morning, she was taken to another hospital, SSM , for more tests. Police said that Maier's hair was cut, possibly to make her look like a boy, but have not said whether she was sexually assaulted. Maier's family was said to be \"elated\" over the girl's safe return. They recently moved into the town of 4,000, where they have family, but Alisa Maier was born in Ohio. Louisiana is about 80 miles (128.7 kilometres) north of and is situated next to the . On Wednesday afternoon, law enforcement officials were following a man driving a dark car to a home in , Missouri when the man reportedly shot himself around 4:30 p.m. CDT (2130 UTC). The man, called a \"person of interest\" in the case, was then transported to a hospital. Authorities have not officially released the man's identity, but sources identified the individual as Paul Serling Smith, a 38-year-old registered sex offender previously convicted of sodomy. The shooting occurred about midway between where the kidnapping took place and where Maier was found. Smith was listed in \"critical condition\" Wednesday night, and later died.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Amber Alert", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 67, "end_char_pos": 78}, {"type": "D", "before": "Louisiana", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 119, "end_char_pos": 128}, {"type": "D", "before": "CDT", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 483, "end_char_pos": 486}, {"type": "D", "before": "UTC", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 493, "end_char_pos": 496}, {"type": "D", "before": "Federal Bureau of Investigation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1174, "end_char_pos": 1205}, {"type": "D", "before": "Missouri State Highway Patrol", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1290, "end_char_pos": 1319}, {"type": "R", "before": "Fenton. 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Spain defeated the Netherlands in extra time 1\u20130 to win this year's FIFA World Cup . The winning goal came in the last few minutes of the match, which saw thirteen yellow cards and one red card. Yesterday's win marked Spain's first World Cup victory, in their first World Cup final appearance, making the Spanish team the eighth distinct team to have won the championship since it began in 1930. It was the second time that the European champion for that year won the World Cup as well, the first being West Germany 's victory in 1974. It was also the first time that a European team emerged as the World Cup victors on a continent other than Europe. For the Dutch, it was the third time they have lost in the World Cup finals, having done so in 1974 and 1978. The final match, played in Johannesburg's Soccer City stadium, stayed tied at 0\u20130 for all of regulation time. Called \"a very difficult match\" by Spanish coach Vicente del Bosque , the game started with a slow first half. The Dutch had an opportunity to take the lead in the second half, but Arjen Robben 's shots were blocked by Spanish captain Iker Casillas . The Netherlands were forced to play with only ten players near the end of extra time after John Heitinga was kicked out of the game. The winning shot of the match came from Spanish midfielder Andres Iniesta in the 116th minute, just four minutes from the end of extra time. He managed to kick the ball past Dutch goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg from just 8 metres (26.2 feet) away. If Iniesta had not made the goal, and game stayed scoreless until the end of extra time, the game would have been decided by a penalty shoot-out. Spain's victory was correctly predicted by the oracular animal Paul the Octopus. Paul's 2010 FIFA World Cup prediction record stayed at 100 per cent as a result. ", "after_revision": "The 2010 FIFA World Cup finals were played in Johannesburg's Soccer City stadium. Spain defeated the Netherlands in 1\u20130 to win this year's . The winning goal came in the last few minutes of the match, which saw thirteen yellow cards and one red card. Yesterday's win marked Spain's first World Cup victory, in their first World Cup final appearance, making the Spanish team the eighth distinct team to have won the championship since it began in 1930. It was the second time that the European champion for that year won the World Cup as well, the first being 's victory in 1974. It was also the first time that a European team emerged as the World Cup victors on a continent other than Europe. For the Dutch, it was the third time they have lost in the World Cup finals, having done so in 1974 and 1978. The final match, played in 's stadium, stayed tied at 0\u20130 for all of regulation time. Called \"a very difficult match\" by Spanish coach , the game started with a slow first half. The Dutch had an opportunity to take the lead in the second half, but 's shots were blocked by Spanish captain . The Netherlands were forced to play with only ten players near the end of extra time after was kicked out of the game. The winning shot of the match came from Spanish midfielder in the 116th minute, just four minutes from the end of extra time. He managed to kick the ball past Dutch goalkeeper from just 8 metres (26.2 feet) away. If Iniesta had not made the goal, and game stayed scoreless until the end of extra time, the game would have been decided by a penalty shoot-out. Spain's victory was correctly predicted by the Paul the Octopus. Paul's 2010 FIFA World Cup prediction record stayed at 100 per cent as a result. 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Born on July 4, 1930, Steinbrenner, a former shipping magnate, bought the Yankees from CBS in 1973. As owner of the Yankees, he led the team to eleven American League pennants and seven World Series titles. Nicknamed \"The Boss,\" Steinbrenner pursued free agents with great fervor, signing Reggie Jackson to a five-year, US$3.5 million deal after the 1976 season. He also frequently changed managers, including firing and rehiring Billy Martin five times. Steinbrenner was banned from baseball in 1990 for paying US$ 400,000 to get information to discredit former Yankees outfielder David Winfield , but was reinstated in 1993. New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg ordered flags at City Hall Plaza to be lowered to half mast, saying, \"Our hearts and prayers go out to the entire Steinbrenner family. This is a sad day not only for Yankee fans, but for our entire city, as few people have had a bigger impact on New York over the past four decades than George Steinbrenner.\" Fred Wilpon, Jeff Wilpon, and Saul Katz, owners of the Yankees' crosstown rival Mets , said, \"The passing of George Steinbrenner marks the end of an era in New York City baseball history.\" Yankees legend Yogi Berra said, \"George was The Boss, make no mistake. He built the Yankees into champions and that's something nobody can ever deny. He was a very generous, caring, passionate man. George and I had our differences, but who didn't? We became great friends over the last decade and I will miss him very much.\" Current Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig said that he is \"very saddened\" to hear of the loss and added, \"George was a giant of the game and his devotion to baseball was surpassed only by his devotion to his family and his beloved New York Yankees....We will miss him, especially Tuesday night when the baseball family will be gathered at Angel Stadium for the All-Star Game.\" Steinbrenner is survived by his wife Joan, two sisters, four children, including Hank and Hal, who took over Yankees operations in 2007, and his grandchildren. The Steinbrenner family said that he will have a private funeral and a public service would be held at a later date. His death comes at a time of great sadness for the Yankees, as two days earlier longtime Yankees public announcer Bob Sheppard died at 99.", "after_revision": " , businessman, owner and former principal executive of the , died at 6:30 a.m. (1030 ) Tuesday of a massive heart attack at St. Joseph's Hospital in , , at age 80. Born on July 4, 1930, Steinbrenner, a former shipping magnate, bought the Yankees from in 1973. As owner of the Yankees, he led the team to eleven pennants and seven titles. Nicknamed \"The Boss,\" Steinbrenner pursued free agents with great fervor, signing to a five-year, 3.5 million deal after the 1976 season. He also frequently changed managers, including firing and rehiring five times. Steinbrenner was banned from baseball in 1990 for paying US 400,000 to get information to discredit former Yankees outfielder , but was reinstated in 1993. mayor ordered flags at to be lowered to half mast, saying, \"Our hearts and prayers go out to the entire Steinbrenner family. This is a sad day not only for Yankee fans, but for our entire city, as few people have had a bigger impact on New York over the past four decades than George Steinbrenner.\" Fred Wilpon, Jeff Wilpon, and Saul Katz, owners of the Yankees' crosstown rival , said, \"The passing of George Steinbrenner marks the end of an era in New York City baseball history.\" Yankees legend said, \"George was The Boss, make no mistake. He built the Yankees into champions and that's something nobody can ever deny. He was a very generous, caring, passionate man. George and I had our differences, but who didn't? We became great friends over the last decade and I will miss him very much.\" Current Commissioner of Baseball said that he is \"very saddened\" to hear of the loss and added, \"George was a giant of the game and his devotion to baseball was surpassed only by his devotion to his family and his beloved New York Yankees....We will miss him, especially Tuesday night when the baseball family will be gathered at Angel Stadium for the All-Star Game.\" Steinbrenner is survived by his wife Joan, two sisters, four children, including Hank and Hal, who took over Yankees operations in 2007, and his grandchildren. The Steinbrenner family said that he will have a private funeral and a public service would be held at a later date. His death comes at a time of great sadness for the Yankees, as two days earlier longtime Yankees public announcer died at 99.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "George Michael Steinbrenner III", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 31}, {"type": "D", "before": "New York Yankees", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 91, "end_char_pos": 107}, {"type": "D", "before": "EDT", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 128, "end_char_pos": 131}, {"type": "D", "before": "UTC", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 138, "end_char_pos": 141}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tampa, Florida", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 206, "end_char_pos": 220}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 223, "end_char_pos": 223}, {"type": "D", "before": "CBS", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 322, "end_char_pos": 325}, {"type": "D", "before": "American League", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 386, "end_char_pos": 401}, {"type": "D", "before": "World Series", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 421, "end_char_pos": 433}, {"type": "D", "before": "Reggie Jackson", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 524, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "R", "before": "US$3.5 million deal after the 1976 season. He also frequently changed managers, including firing and rehiring Billy Martin five times. Steinbrenner was banned from baseball in 1990 for paying US$", "after": "3.5 million deal after the 1976 season. He also frequently changed managers, including firing and rehiring five times. 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Researchers have unearthed a new fossil primate that they think may be closely related to the common ancestor of apes and Old World monkeys , collectively known as catarrhine primates. Paleontologist Iyad Zalmout of the University of Michigan discovered the new species, Saadanius hijazensis near Mecca in Saudi Arabia ; the discovery gives new insights into human evolution . The specimen, a partial skull, dates to the Oligocene , approximately 29 to 28 million years ago, and exhibits puncture wounds from a large predator that may have killed it. Saadanius is thought to have been a tree-dweller and lived at a time when the Arabian peninsula had not yet split away from the African continent, forming the Red Sea . The discovery may help resolve the dating of the split between Old World monkeys and apes. Paleoanthropologists have traditionally dated the divergence to between 25 and 23 million years ago, based on early fossils of the two groups. Genetic studies, however, date it to between 30 to 35 million years ago. Although Saadanius shares some features with living catarrhine primates, such as a bony ear tube, called an ectotympanic , it also possesses other features more common in the fossils of primitive or basal catarrhines, from which Old World monkeys and apes did not evolve. These basal features include a longer face and the lack of a frontal sinus .", "after_revision": "upright=1.5| , a new species of fossil primate closely related to and . Researchers have unearthed a new fossil that they think may be closely related to the common ancestor of and , collectively known as primates. Paleontologist Iyad Zalmout of the discovered the new species, near in ; the discovery gives new insights into . The specimen, a partial skull, dates to the , approximately 29 to 28 million years ago, and exhibits puncture wounds from a large predator that may have killed it. Saadanius is thought to have been a tree-dweller and lived at a time when the had not yet split away from the African continent, forming the . The discovery may help resolve the dating of the split between Old World monkeys and apes. have traditionally dated the divergence to between 25 and 23 million years ago, based on early fossils of the two groups. Genetic studies, however, date it to between 30 to 35 million years ago. Although Saadanius shares some features with living catarrhine primates, such as a bony ear tube, called an , it also possesses other features more common in the fossils of primitive or catarrhines, from which Old World monkeys and apes did not evolve. These basal features include a longer face and the lack of a .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Saadanius hijazensis", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 13, "end_char_pos": 33}, {"type": "R", "before": "Old World monkeys and apes", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 87, "end_char_pos": 113}, {"type": "D", "before": "primate", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 156, "end_char_pos": 163}, {"type": "R", "before": "apes and Old World monkeys", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 229, "end_char_pos": 255}, {"type": "D", "before": "catarrhine", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 280, "end_char_pos": 290}, {"type": "D", "before": "University of Michigan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 336, "end_char_pos": 358}, {"type": "R", "before": "Saadanius hijazensis near Mecca in Saudi Arabia", "after": "near in", "start_char_pos": 387, "end_char_pos": 434}, {"type": "D", "before": "human evolution", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 475, "end_char_pos": 490}, {"type": "D", "before": "Oligocene", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 537, "end_char_pos": 546}, {"type": "D", "before": "Arabian peninsula", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 745, "end_char_pos": 762}, {"type": "D", "before": "Red Sea", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 826, "end_char_pos": 833}, {"type": "D", "before": "Paleoanthropologists", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 927, "end_char_pos": 947}, {"type": "D", "before": "ectotympanic", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1251, "end_char_pos": 1263}, {"type": "D", "before": "basal", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1342, "end_char_pos": 1347}, {"type": "D", "before": "frontal sinus", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1476, "end_char_pos": 1489}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 300, 436, 492, 666, 835, 926, 1069, 1142, 1414]} {"doc_id": "197042", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "For the second time this season, Leongatha defeated Gippsland Football League heavyweights Traralgon . Playing at home, they went on to win by sixteen points. The Gippsland Football League, officially the Gippsland League, is the only major Australian rules football competition in the Gippsland region according to the Victorian Country Football League . The final quarter saw Traralgon fight back and come within three goals of taking an unlikely victory. They managed to kick seven goals to Leongatha's, one goal, one behind to end the day losing by 16 points, 11-7 (73) to 9-3 (57). Around the grounds, Drouin kicked three more behinds than the aggregate of the match described above as they defeated Sale in Sale 20-13 (133) to 17-8 (110), an inaccurate Maffra defeated a dismal Warragul in Warragul 13-26 (104) to 1-3 (9) and Moe traveled to Morwel to defeat the hosts 17-13 (115) to 11-17 (83).", "after_revision": "For the second time this season, defeated heavyweights . Playing at home, they went on to win by sixteen points. The Gippsland Football League, officially the Gippsland League, is the only major competition in the region according to the . The final quarter saw Traralgon fight back and come within three goals of taking an unlikely victory. They managed to kick seven goals to Leongatha's, one goal, one behind to end the day losing by 16 points, 11\u20137 (73) to 9\u20133 (57). Around the grounds, kicked three more behinds than the aggregate of the match described above as they defeated Sale in 20\u201313 (133) to 17\u20138 (110), an inaccurate defeated a dismal Warragul in 13\u201326 (104) to 1\u20133 (9) and traveled to to defeat the hosts 17\u201313 (115) to 11\u201317 (83).", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Leongatha defeated Gippsland Football League heavyweights Traralgon", "after": "defeated heavyweights", "start_char_pos": 33, "end_char_pos": 100}, {"type": "D", "before": "Australian rules football", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 241, "end_char_pos": 266}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gippsland", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 286, "end_char_pos": 295}, {"type": "D", "before": "Victorian Country Football League", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 320, "end_char_pos": 353}, {"type": "R", "before": "11-7", "after": "11\u20137", "start_char_pos": 564, "end_char_pos": 568}, {"type": "R", "before": "9-3", "after": "9\u20133", "start_char_pos": 577, "end_char_pos": 580}, {"type": "D", "before": "Drouin", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 607, "end_char_pos": 613}, {"type": "R", "before": "Sale 20-13", "after": "20\u201313", "start_char_pos": 713, "end_char_pos": 723}, {"type": "R", "before": "17-8", "after": "17\u20138", "start_char_pos": 733, "end_char_pos": 737}, {"type": "D", "before": "Maffra", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 759, "end_char_pos": 765}, {"type": "R", "before": "Warragul 13-26", "after": "13\u201326", "start_char_pos": 796, "end_char_pos": 810}, {"type": "R", "before": "1-3", "after": "1\u20133", "start_char_pos": 820, "end_char_pos": 823}, {"type": "R", "before": "Moe traveled to Morwel", "after": "traveled", "start_char_pos": 832, "end_char_pos": 854}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "to", "start_char_pos": 858, "end_char_pos": 858}, {"type": "R", "before": "17-13", "after": "17\u201313", "start_char_pos": 876, "end_char_pos": 881}, {"type": "R", "before": "11-17", "after": "11\u201317", "start_char_pos": 891, "end_char_pos": 896}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 158, 355, 457, 586]} {"doc_id": "197156", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The Open Rights Group , a pressure group pursuing reform of intellectual property law in the United Kingdom, held its first \"ORGCon\" yesterday at City University London . Approximately 100 delegates took part in six hours of panel discussions and workshops on a wide range of topics in intellectual property, discussing such subjects as \"How To Talk To Your MP \" and \"ACTA: A Shady Business\", in what ORG billed as a \"crash course in digital rights\" designed to inspire campaigning on intellectual property issues. Cory Doctorow , a fiction author and digital rights activist, led the keynote panel discussion \"Thriving in the Real Digital Economy\", which opened the conference. Doctorow called for a \"reframing\" of the digital rights slogan \"information wants to be free\". \"The most important thing\" about digital rights, he noted, \"has nothing to do with art. We are refitting the information network with lots of control.\" Digital rights management (DRM) technologies, Doctorow warns, build in limitations on how consumers exchange information and \"abuse the market\". John Buckman of Magnatune followed up Doctorow's comments, noting that DRM is \"unsustainable\" but that the public needed to \"pressure companies into\" open-source solutions. A keynote speech by James Boyle compared the current age to the age just before application of the theories of Adam Smith and other early capitalist economists began breaking down the entrenched monopolies of mercantilism . Boyle called on the audience to come up with a \"jaw droppingly simple\" idea for a reformed copyright system; he gave his speech in front of a projection of the twitterfall as audience members commented on his words. Boyle, like most of the conference, took a pro-reform but anti-piracy position, saying \"It is a tragedy that an entire generation has lost the notion that breaking the law is wrong\". While several members of the Pirate Party UK , wearing matching t-shirts, attended the conference and held a fringe meeting during the last session, none spoke in the keynote sessions either as panelists or in the discussions.", "after_revision": "London \u2014 The , a pressure group pursuing reform of law in the United Kingdom, held its first \"ORGCon\" yesterday at . Approximately 100 delegates took part in six hours of panel discussions and workshops on a wide range of topics in intellectual property, discussing such subjects as \"How To Talk To Your \" and \"ACTA: A Shady Business\", in what ORG billed as a \"crash course in digital rights\" designed to inspire campaigning on intellectual property issues. , a fiction author and digital rights activist, led the keynote panel discussion \"Thriving in the Real Digital Economy\", which opened the conference. Doctorow called for a \"reframing\" of the digital rights slogan \"information wants to be free\". \"The most important thing\" about digital rights, he noted, \"has nothing to do with art. We are refitting the information network with lots of control.\" (DRM) technologies, Doctorow warns, build in limitations on how consumers exchange information and \"abuse the market\". John Buckman of followed up Doctorow's comments, noting that DRM is \"unsustainable\" but that the public needed to \"pressure companies into\" open-source solutions. A keynote speech by compared the current age to the age just before application of the theories of and other early capitalist economists began breaking down the entrenched monopolies of . Boyle called on the audience to come up with a \"jaw droppingly simple\" idea for a reformed copyright system; he gave his speech in front of a projection of the as audience members commented on his words. Boyle, like most of the conference, took a pro-reform but anti- position, saying \"It is a tragedy that an entire generation has lost the notion that breaking the law is wrong\". While several members of the , wearing matching t-shirts, attended the conference and held a during the last session, none spoke in the keynote sessions either as panelists or in the discussions.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "The Open Rights Group", "after": "London \u2014 The", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 21}, {"type": "D", "before": "intellectual property", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 60, "end_char_pos": 81}, {"type": "D", "before": "City University London", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 146, "end_char_pos": 168}, {"type": "D", "before": "MP", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 358, "end_char_pos": 360}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cory Doctorow", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 515, "end_char_pos": 528}, {"type": "D", "before": "Digital rights management", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 926, "end_char_pos": 951}, {"type": "D", "before": "Magnatune", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1087, "end_char_pos": 1096}, {"type": "D", "before": "James Boyle", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1264, "end_char_pos": 1275}, {"type": "D", "before": "Adam Smith", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1355, "end_char_pos": 1365}, {"type": "D", "before": "mercantilism", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1453, "end_char_pos": 1465}, {"type": "D", "before": "twitterfall", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1628, "end_char_pos": 1639}, {"type": "R", "before": "anti-piracy", "after": "anti-", "start_char_pos": 1742, "end_char_pos": 1753}, {"type": "D", "before": "Pirate Party UK", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1896, "end_char_pos": 1911}, {"type": "D", "before": "fringe meeting", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1976, "end_char_pos": 1990}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 373, 514, 678, 773, 861, 925, 1070, 1243, 1576, 1683, 1866]} {"doc_id": "197522", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Apple's new Magic Trackpad, seen from above On Tuesday, Apple Inc. introduced a new peripheral, the Magic Trackpad , and refreshed its line of iMac and Mac Pro computers, as well as the Apple Cinema Display . The Magic Trackpad, a multi-touch trackpad for Macintosh computers, allows end users to use certain gestures to control on-screen actions. It supports gestures already seen on the MacBook and MacBook Pro trackpads, as well as the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad , such as swiping, tap-to-click, and pinch-to-zoom. However, the Magic Trackpad also supports physical clicking and supports one- and two-button commands. The Magic Trackpad, which is retailed for US$69, connects wirelessly to a computer using Bluetooth technology and has a claimed four months of battery life. At 5.17 inches (13.13 centimetres) long and 5.12 inches (13 centimetres) wide, the glass and aluminium device is slightly larger than Apple's laptop trackpads. In addition to the Magic Trackpad, Apple also began selling the US$29 Apple Battery Charger accessory, a charger pack with six rechargeable batteries usable in the Magic Trackpad, Apple Wireless Keyboard, and Apple Magic Mouse. Apple claims that the nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries can last up to ten years before they lose their ability to hold a charge. The Magic Trackpad uses two AA batteries, and can be used with any Bluetooth-enabled Macintosh computer running Mac OS X 10.6.4. Another major announcement that came on Tuesday was the first iMac update since last fall. The update included mostly internal upgrades, giving consumers a choice of newer Intel processors: the dual-core Core i3 and Core i5, and the quad-core Core i5 and Core i7. In addition, the SD card slot was expanded to allow support for the Secure Digital Extended Capacity (SDXC) format. The iMac is still available at 21.5-inch (54.61-centimetre) and 27-inch (68.58-centimetre) display options, but has upgraded graphics cards as well. The screens use in-plane switching (IPS) technology, allowing for a greater viewing angle. The base model is still priced at US$1,199. Apple's line of Mac Pro computers were also given a refresh on Tuesday. Consumers now have the option to purchase a Mac Pro with twelve processing cores, using two six-core Intel Xeon processors. Four-, six-, and eight-core options are still available. The update also includes the choice of adding up to four, 512GB solid state drives, instead of conventional hard drives. The base model is priced at US$2,499 and will be sold starting in August. Apple also released a new, 27-inch (68.58 centimetre) LED Cinema Display, a 60 percent increase in display area from the older 24-inch (60.96 centimetres) Cinema Display. The new monitor can reach a resolution of 2560-by-1440 pixels, or Wide Quad High Definition, and has a built-in microphone, webcam, speakers, USB hub, and ambient light sensor, which changes the display's brightness based on external lighting levels. It is priced at US 999 but will not be available for purchase until September.", "after_revision": "Apple's new Magic Trackpad, seen from above On Tuesday, Apple Inc. introduced a new , the , and refreshed its line of and computers, as well as the . The Magic Trackpad, a for Macintosh computers, allows end users to use certain gestures to control on-screen actions. It supports gestures already seen on the and trackpads, as well as the , , and , such as swiping, tap-to-click, and pinch-to-zoom. However, the Magic Trackpad also supports physical clicking and supports one- and two-button commands. The Magic Trackpad, which is retailed for 69, connects wirelessly to a computer using technology and has a claimed four months of battery life. At 5.17 inches (13.13 centimetres) long and 5.12 inches (13 centimetres) wide, the glass and aluminium device is slightly larger than Apple's laptop trackpads. In addition to the Magic Trackpad, Apple also began selling the US$29 Apple Battery Charger accessory, a charger pack with six usable in the Magic Trackpad, , and . Apple claims that the (NiMH) batteries can last up to ten years before they lose their ability to hold a charge. The Magic Trackpad uses two , and can be used with any Bluetooth-enabled Macintosh computer running 10.6.4. Another major announcement that came on Tuesday was the first iMac update since last fall. The update included mostly internal upgrades, giving consumers a choice of newer processors: the and , and the Core i5 and . In addition, the slot was expanded to allow support for the (SDXC) format. The iMac is still available at 21.5-inch (54.61-centimetre) and 27-inch (68.58-centimetre) display options, but has upgraded as well. The screens use (IPS) technology, allowing for a greater viewing angle. The base model is still priced at US$1,199. Apple 's line of Mac Pro computers were also given a refresh on Tuesday. Consumers now have the option to purchase a Mac Pro with twelve processing cores, using two six-core Intel processors. Four-, six-, and eight-core options are still available. The update also includes the choice of adding up to four, 512 , instead of conventional . The base model is priced at US $2,499 and will be sold starting in August. Apple also released a new, 27-inch (68.58 centimetre) Cinema Display, a 60 percent increase in display area from the older 24-inch (60.96 centimetres) Cinema Display. The new monitor can reach a resolution of 2560-by-1440 pixels, or , and has a built-in microphone, webcam, speakers, , and , which changes the display's brightness based on external lighting levels. It is priced at US$ 999 but will not be available for purchase until September.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "peripheral, the Magic Trackpad", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 84, "end_char_pos": 114}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the ,", "start_char_pos": 117, "end_char_pos": 117}, {"type": "R", "before": "iMac and Mac Pro", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 144, "end_char_pos": 160}, {"type": "D", "before": "Apple Cinema Display", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 187, "end_char_pos": 207}, {"type": "D", "before": "multi-touch trackpad", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 232, "end_char_pos": 252}, {"type": "R", "before": "MacBook and MacBook Pro", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 390, "end_char_pos": 413}, {"type": "D", "before": "iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 440, "end_char_pos": 468}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", and ,", "start_char_pos": 471, "end_char_pos": 471}, {"type": "R", "before": "US$69, connects wirelessly to a computer using Bluetooth technology and has a claimed four months of battery life. At 5.17 inches (13.13 centimetres) long and 5.12 inches (13 centimetres) wide, the glass and aluminium device is slightly larger than Apple's laptop trackpads. In addition to the Magic Trackpad, Apple also began selling the US$29 Apple Battery Charger accessory, a charger pack with six rechargeable batteries usable in the Magic Trackpad, Apple Wireless Keyboard, and Apple Magic Mouse. Apple claims that the nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries can last up to ten years before they lose their ability to hold a charge. The Magic Trackpad uses two AA batteries, and can be used with any Bluetooth-enabled Macintosh computer running Mac OS X 10.6.4.", "after": "69, connects wirelessly to a computer using technology and has a claimed four months of battery life. At 5.17 inches (13.13 centimetres) long and 5.12 inches (13 centimetres) wide, the glass and aluminium device is slightly larger than Apple's laptop trackpads.", "start_char_pos": 667, "end_char_pos": 1432}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "In addition to the Magic Trackpad, Apple also began selling the US$29 Apple Battery Charger accessory, a charger pack with six usable in the Magic Trackpad, , and . Apple claims that the (NiMH) batteries can last up to ten years before they lose their ability to hold a charge. The Magic Trackpad uses two , and can be used with any Bluetooth-enabled Macintosh computer running 10.6.4. Another major announcement that came on Tuesday was the first iMac update since last fall. The update included mostly internal upgrades, giving consumers a choice of newer processors: the and , and the Core i5 and . In addition, the slot was expanded to allow support for the (SDXC) format. The iMac is still available at 21.5-inch (54.61-centimetre) and 27-inch (68.58-centimetre) display options, but has upgraded as well. The screens use (IPS) technology, allowing for a greater viewing angle. The base model is still priced at US$1,199.", "start_char_pos": 1433, "end_char_pos": 1433}, {"type": "D", "before": "Another major announcement that came on Tuesday was the first iMac update since last fall. The update included mostly internal upgrades, giving consumers a choice of newer Intel processors: the dual-core Core i3 and Core i5, and the quad-core Core i5 and Core i7. In addition, the SD card slot was expanded to allow support for the Secure Digital Extended Capacity (SDXC) format. The iMac is still available at 21.5-inch (54.61-centimetre) and 27-inch (68.58-centimetre) display options, but has upgraded graphics cards as well. The screens use in-plane switching (IPS) technology, allowing for a greater viewing angle. The base model is still priced at US$1,199. Apple's line of Mac Pro computers were also given a refresh on Tuesday. Consumers now have the option to purchase a Mac Pro with twelve processing cores, using two six-core Intel Xeon processors. Four-, six-, and eight-core options are still available. The update also includes the choice of adding up to four, 512GB solid state drives, instead of conventional hard drives. The base model is priced at US$2,499 and will be sold starting in August.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1434, "end_char_pos": 2545}, {"type": "R", "before": "also released a new, 27-inch (68.58 centimetre) LED Cinema Display, a 60 percent increase in display area from the older 24-inch (60.96 centimetres) Cinema Display. The new monitor can reach a resolution of 2560-by-1440 pixels, or Wide Quad High Definition, and has a built-in microphone, webcam, speakers, USB hub, and ambient light sensor, which changes the display's brightness based on external lighting levels. It", "after": "'s line of Mac Pro computers were also given a refresh on Tuesday. Consumers now have the option to purchase a Mac Pro with twelve processing cores, using two six-core Intel processors. Four-, six-, and eight-core options are still available. The update also includes the choice of adding up to four, 512 , instead of conventional . The base model", "start_char_pos": 2552, "end_char_pos": 2970}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "$2,499 and will be sold starting in August. Apple also released a new, 27-inch (68.58 centimetre) Cinema Display, a 60 percent increase in display area from the older 24-inch (60.96 centimetres) Cinema Display. The new monitor can reach a resolution of 2560-by-1440 pixels, or , and has a built-in microphone, webcam, speakers, , and , which changes the display's brightness based on external lighting levels. It is priced at US$", "start_char_pos": 2987, "end_char_pos": 2987}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 209, 348, 521, 624, 781, 941, 1169, 1303, 1432, 1524, 1697, 1813, 1962, 2053, 2097, 2169, 2293, 2350, 2471, 2545, 2716, 2967]} {"doc_id": "199277", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Hiroshima aftermath The 65th anniversary of the first use of an atomic bomb against people has been remembered in a ceremony Thursday in Hiroshima , Japan. The atomic bomb, code-named \" Little Boy \", was dropped on Hiroshima at precisely 08:15 local time on August 6, 1945 by the specially converted United States Army Air Force B-29 Superfortress bomber Enola Gay piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets , who later retired as a brigadier general in the United States Air Force . U.S. Ambassador to Japan John Roos also attended, marking the first time that a U.S. representative has attended the ceremony. Meanwhile, some conservatives in the United States have criticised the choice for Roos to attend. Gene Tibbets, the son of retired Brigadier General Tibbets said on Fox News , \"It's making the Japanese look like they're the poor people, like they didn't do anything. They hit Pearl Harbor, they struck us. We didn't slaughter the Japanese. We stopped the war.\" Three days after Hiroshima, another atomic bomb, \" Fat Man \", was dropped on nearby Nagasaki . The Japanese Government surrendered unconditionally on August 15, and signed the formal surrender on the USS Missouri on September 2 in Tokyo Bay .", "after_revision": "Hiroshima aftermath The 65th anniversary of the has been remembered in a ceremony Thursday in , Japan. The atomic bomb, code-named \" \", was dropped on Hiroshima at precisely 08:15 local time on August 6, 1945 by the specially converted bomber piloted by Colonel , who later retired as a brigadier general in the . U.S. Ambassador to Japan also attended, marking the first time that a U.S. representative has attended the ceremony. Meanwhile, some conservatives in the United States have criticised the choice for Roos to attend. Gene Tibbets, the son of retired Brigadier General Tibbets said on , \"It's making the Japanese look like they're the poor people, like they didn't do anything. They hit Pearl Harbor, they struck us. We didn't slaughter the Japanese. We stopped the war.\" Three days after Hiroshima, another atomic bomb, \" \", was dropped on nearby . 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Other interesting Shankarnikhil88-related stuff An alternative homepage I created- In working order A page I created for mobile devices- In working order Another main page- In working order User:Shankarnikhil88/Wikibusiness- In working order User:Shankarnikhil88/Wikiculture- In working order Shankarnikhil88-related stuff that failed or doesn't work Another page I created for mobile devices- In working order, not updated A page for searching- Not in working order A second page- Not updated Another main page- In working order User:Shankarnikhil88/mynews- Not in working order%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Articles on Wikipedia that I've edited URL (with IP)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% URL URL%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% URL URL%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% URL Articles on Wikinews that I've made or edited", "after_revision": "I like making Wikinews Shorts and the quiz, but I also like doing the harder stuff. I made a lot of alt homepages for Wikinews but that's junk and I don't know how to delete them so just ignore them. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Articles on Wikinews that I've made (or edited)", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "I made a lot of alt homepages for Wikinews but that's junk and I don't know how to delete them so just ignore them.", "start_char_pos": 84, "end_char_pos": 84}, {"type": "D", "before": "Other interesting Shankarnikhil88-related stuff An alternative homepage I created- In working order A page I created for mobile devices- In working order Another main page- In working order User:Shankarnikhil88/Wikibusiness- In working order User:Shankarnikhil88/Wikiculture- In working order", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 85, "end_char_pos": 377}, {"type": "D", "before": "Shankarnikhil88-related stuff that failed or doesn't work Another page I created for mobile devices- In working order, not updated A page for searching- Not in working order A second page- Not updated Another main page- In working order User:Shankarnikhil88/mynews- Not in working order", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 378, "end_char_pos": 664}, {"type": "D", "before": "Articles on Wikipedia that I've edited", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 694, "end_char_pos": 732}, {"type": "D", "before": "URL (with IP)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 733, "end_char_pos": 746}, {"type": "D", "before": "URL", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 776, "end_char_pos": 779}, {"type": "D", "before": "URL", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 780, "end_char_pos": 783}, {"type": "D", "before": "URL", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 813, "end_char_pos": 816}, {"type": "D", "before": "URL", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 817, "end_char_pos": 820}, {"type": "D", "before": "URL", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 850, "end_char_pos": 853}, {"type": "R", "before": "Articles on", "after": "Articles on", "start_char_pos": 854, "end_char_pos": 865}, {"type": "R", "before": "or edited", "after": "(or edited)", "start_char_pos": 890, "end_char_pos": 899}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 83, 280, 332, 620]} {"doc_id": "202088", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Christoph Schlingensief in 2009 German director Christoph Schlingensief has died at the age of 49. His death was announced by Oliver Golloch , a spokesman for the Ruhrtriennale festival . Schlingensief had been suffering from lung cancer but no official cause of death was given by the spokesman. The film and theatre director worked on several films, plays, and operas throughout his controversial career. Schlingensief directed films such as \u201c 100 Years of Adolf Hitler\u201d and \u201c The German Chainsaw Massacre \u201d . He was arrested in 1997 for his exhibition of work called \u201cKill Helmut Kohl\u201d , aimed at the then Chancellor . Besides plays shown in Germany, Schlingensief also worked in Austria and Switzerland. He was the director of the Richard Wagner festival in both Bayreuth , Germany and Brazil. During his time working in Bayreuth he said \u201c Bayreuth will give me cancer. \u201d Coincidently, four years later Schlingensief was diagnosed with lung cancer even though he was a non-smoker. Despite the cancer he continued to work on plays and films often watching them from a hospital bed. He married costume designer Anio Laberenz and founded an opera project in the African country of Burkina Faso with funding from the German government, all while battling the disease. Bernd Neumann, Germany\u2019s state commissioner for culture paid tribute to Schlingensief. He said Schlingensief \u201c had had an immense influence on German-language film and theater \u201d . Mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit said on Saturday that \"a major talent in theater has left the stage.\"", "after_revision": " in 2009 German has died at the age of 49. His death was announced by , a spokesman for the . Schlingensief had been suffering from but no official cause of death was given by the spokesman. The film and theatre director worked on several films, plays, and operas throughout his controversial career. Schlingensief directed films such as \" 100 Years of \" and \" The German Chainsaw Massacre \" . He was arrested in 1997 for his exhibition of work called \"Kill \" , aimed at the then . Besides plays shown in Germany, Schlingensief also worked in Austria and Switzerland. He was the director of the in both , Germany and Brazil. During his time working in Bayreuth he said \" Bayreuth will give me cancer. \" Coincidently, four years later Schlingensief was diagnosed with lung cancer even though he was a non-smoker. Despite the cancer he continued to work on plays and films often watching them from a hospital bed. He married costume designer and founded an opera project in the African country of Burkina Faso with funding from the German government, all while battling the disease. , Germany's state , paid tribute to Schlingensief. He said Schlingensief \" had had an immense influence on German-language film and theater \" . Mayor of , said on Saturday that \"a major talent in theater has left the stage.\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Christoph Schlingensief", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 23}, {"type": "D", "before": "director Christoph Schlingensief", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 39, "end_char_pos": 71}, {"type": "D", "before": "Oliver Golloch", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 126, "end_char_pos": 140}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ruhrtriennale festival", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 163, "end_char_pos": 185}, {"type": "D", "before": "lung cancer", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 226, "end_char_pos": 237}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 444, "end_char_pos": 445}, {"type": "R", "before": "Adolf Hitler\u201d and \u201c", "after": "\" and \"", "start_char_pos": 459, "end_char_pos": 478}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 508, "end_char_pos": 509}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201cKill Helmut Kohl\u201d", "after": "\"Kill \"", "start_char_pos": 570, "end_char_pos": 588}, {"type": "D", "before": "Chancellor", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 609, "end_char_pos": 619}, {"type": "R", "before": "Richard Wagner festival in both Bayreuth", "after": "in both", "start_char_pos": 735, "end_char_pos": 775}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 842, "end_char_pos": 843}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 874, "end_char_pos": 875}, {"type": "D", "before": "Anio Laberenz", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1113, "end_char_pos": 1126}, {"type": "R", "before": "Bernd Neumann, Germany\u2019s state commissioner for culture", "after": ", Germany's state ,", "start_char_pos": 1268, "end_char_pos": 1323}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1377, "end_char_pos": 1378}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1444, "end_char_pos": 1445}, {"type": "R", "before": "Berlin, Klaus Wowereit", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1457, "end_char_pos": 1479}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 98, 296, 406, 621, 707, 797, 873, 984, 1084, 1267, 1354]} {"doc_id": "202474", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "On Tuesday the U.S. Army released its revised solicitation for the Ground Combat Vehicle infantry fighting vehicle three months after scrapping its previous plans. The United States Army retracted its first solicitation for the Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) on 25 August. It was decided by the army to begin anew after a \"red team\" recommended that the army either upgrade the existing ground vehicle fleet or rewrite the requirements. Program officials choose to end evaluations of vehicle submissions and to begin again in two months with new requirements. The previous design requirements emphasized modularity, affordability, rapid design and low risk technology. The infantry fighting vehicle variant would have carried a crew of three and nine infantry dismounts. It was initially to be compatible with the current Battle Command Control and Communications Suite but would gradually use a more revolutionary network. The system would support networking between external systems, vehicles and soldiers. It was to be transportable by C-17 cargo aircraft , rail, and ship and be as logistically deployable as the Stryker . The army officials were open to tracked or wheeled submissions but suggested that it be tracked due to the weight stemming from the requirements. The vehicle had an off-road speed requirement of 30 mph (50 km/h) and was required to deliver improved maintainability and consume less fuel than the Bradley Fighting Vehicle . The army wanted the vehicle to leverage an autocannon , a anti-tank guided missile system and non-lethal weapons . The army wanted the vehicle to have the blast protection level equal to the MRAP and supplement armor with active protection systems . The army wanted the first vehicle variant to be a troop carrier that would displace the aging M113 APCs and M2 Bradleys . Later, other variants of the GCV would appear. There were four known competing contractors for the Ground Combat Vehicle contract. BAE Systems led a team consisting of Northrop Grumman, QinetiQ, and Saft Group . BAE offered a tracked vehicle with a hybrid-electric engine, a baseline weight of 53 tons and a maximum weight tolerance of 75 tons for modular armor and various countermeasures including a V-hull and active protection systems. General Dynamics led a team consisting of Lockheed Martin, Detroit Diesel and Raytheon . General Dynamics offered a vehicle using diesel and leveraging an active protection system. SAIC led a consortia called Team Full Spectrum which included Boeing, Krauss-Maffei and Rheinmetall . SAIC offered a vehicle based on the Puma . Advanced Defense Vehicle Systems (ADVS) submitted its proposal for a wheeled vehicle but was rejected for being non-compliant. The predecessor to the GCV, the Manned Ground Vehicle family, was canceled in April 2009. Similar programs like the M8 light tank and XM2001 Crusader have also been scrapped in the past. The Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle, Joint Light Tactical Vehicle , and Ground Combat Vehicle programs have been targeted for cancellation by the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform .", "after_revision": "On Tuesday the U.S. Army released its revised solicitation for the three months after scrapping its previous plans. The United States Army retracted its first for the Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) on 25 August. It was decided by the army to begin anew after a \"red team\" recommended that the army either upgrade the existing ground vehicle fleet or rewrite the requirements. Program officials choose to end evaluations of vehicle submissions and to begin again in two months with new requirements. The previous design requirements emphasized modularity, affordability, rapid design and low risk technology. The infantry fighting vehicle variant would have carried a crew of three and nine infantry dismounts. It was initially to be compatible with the current Battle Command Control and Communications Suite but would gradually use a more revolutionary network. The system would support networking between external systems, vehicles and soldiers. It was to be transportable by , rail, and ship and be as logistically deployable as the . The army officials were open to tracked or wheeled submissions but suggested that it be tracked due to the weight stemming from the requirements. The vehicle had an off-road speed requirement of 30 mph (50 km/h) and was required to deliver improved maintainability and consume less fuel than the . The army wanted the vehicle to leverage an , a anti-tank guided missile system and . The army wanted the vehicle to have the blast protection level equal to the and supplement armor with . The army wanted the first vehicle variant to be a troop carrier that would displace the aging and . Later, other variants of the GCV would appear. There were four known competing contractors for the Ground Combat Vehicle contract. led a team consisting of , , and . BAE offered a tracked vehicle with a hybrid-electric engine, a baseline weight of 53 tons and a maximum weight tolerance of 75 tons for modular armor and various countermeasures including a and active protection systems. led a team consisting of , , and . General Dynamics offered a vehicle using diesel and leveraging an active protection system. led a consortium called Team Full Spectrum which included , , and . SAIC offered a vehicle based on the . Advanced Defense Vehicle Systems (ADVS) submitted its proposal for a wheeled vehicle but was rejected for being non-compliant. The predecessor to the GCV, the family, was canceled in April 2009. Similar programs like the and have also been scrapped in the past. The , , and Ground Combat Vehicle programs have been targeted for cancellation by the .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Ground Combat Vehicle infantry fighting vehicle", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 67, "end_char_pos": 114}, {"type": "D", "before": "solicitation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 207, "end_char_pos": 219}, {"type": "D", "before": "C-17 cargo aircraft", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1036, "end_char_pos": 1055}, {"type": "D", "before": "Stryker", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1114, "end_char_pos": 1121}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bradley Fighting Vehicle", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1420, "end_char_pos": 1444}, {"type": "D", "before": "autocannon", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1490, "end_char_pos": 1500}, {"type": "D", "before": "non-lethal weapons", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1541, "end_char_pos": 1559}, {"type": "D", "before": "MRAP", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1638, "end_char_pos": 1642}, {"type": "D", "before": "active protection systems", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1669, "end_char_pos": 1694}, {"type": "R", "before": "M113 APCs and M2 Bradleys", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 1791, "end_char_pos": 1816}, {"type": "D", "before": "BAE Systems", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1950, "end_char_pos": 1961}, {"type": "R", "before": "Northrop Grumman, QinetiQ, and Saft Group", "after": ", , and", "start_char_pos": 1987, "end_char_pos": 2028}, {"type": "D", "before": "V-hull", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2221, "end_char_pos": 2227}, {"type": "D", "before": "General Dynamics", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2259, "end_char_pos": 2275}, {"type": "R", "before": "Lockheed Martin, Detroit Diesel and Raytheon", "after": ", , and", "start_char_pos": 2301, "end_char_pos": 2345}, {"type": "R", "before": "SAIC led a consortia", "after": "led a consortium", "start_char_pos": 2440, "end_char_pos": 2460}, {"type": "R", "before": "Boeing, Krauss-Maffei and Rheinmetall", "after": ", , and", "start_char_pos": 2502, "end_char_pos": 2539}, {"type": "D", "before": "Puma", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2578, "end_char_pos": 2582}, {"type": "D", "before": "Manned Ground Vehicle", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2744, "end_char_pos": 2765}, {"type": "R", "before": "M8 light tank and XM2001 Crusader", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 2828, "end_char_pos": 2861}, {"type": "D", "before": "Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle, Joint Light Tactical Vehicle", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2903, "end_char_pos": 2963}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 2966, "end_char_pos": 2966}, {"type": "D", "before": "National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3045, "end_char_pos": 3100}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 163, 269, 433, 556, 665, 767, 920, 1005, 1123, 1269, 1446, 1561, 1696, 1865, 1949, 2258, 2439, 2584, 2711, 2801, 2898]} {"doc_id": "203173", "revision_depth": "3", "before_revision": "It has emerged that the 33 Chilean miners trapped underground after the mine they were working in collapsed could be brought to the surface in a shorter time than was initially feared. While officials publicly announced that the men would not be brought to the surface until Christmas, sources inside technical meetings have revealed that they could in fact be on the surface by early November. The news comes as families were allowed to speak by radio-telephone to their trapped loved ones on Sunday. Over the weekend, video images filmed by the miners emerged showing the miners playing dominoes at a table and singing the Chilean national anthem . The miners also used the camera to send video messages to their families on the surface, saying that they regularly broke into tears, but were feeling better having received food and water. The grainy nightvision images, filmed on a high definition camcorder that was sent down a small shaft to the mine, show the men in good spirits, chanting \"long live Chile , and long live the miners.\" They are unshaven and stripped to the waist because of the heat underground, and are seen wearing white clinical trousers that have been designed to keep them dry. Giving a guided tour of the area they are occupying, Mario Sep\u00falveda, one of the miners, explains they have a \"little cup to brush our teeth\", and a place where they pray each day. \"We have everything organized,\" he tells the camera. Gesturing to the table in the center of the room, he says that \"we meet here every day. We plan, we have assemblies here every day so that all the decisions we make are based on the thoughts of all 33.\" Another unidentified miner asks to rescuers, \"get us out of here soon, please.\" A thermometer is shown in the video, reading 29.5C (85F). Upon seeing the video in a private screening, family members, who are living in a small village of tents at the entrance to the copper-gold mine\u2014which they have named Camp Hope\u2014were elated. \"He's skinny, bearded and it was painful to see him with his head hanging down, but I am so happy to see him alive\", said Ruth Contreras, the mother of Carlos Bravo, who is trapped in the mine. The video, of which only a small portion has been released to the public, shows the miners, many of them wearing helmets , cracking jokes and thanking the rescuers for their continued efforts. The supplies are being sent to the men through a small shaft only twelve centimeters wide, and a laboratory has been set up with the purpose of designing collapsible cots and miniature sandwiches, which can be sent down such a narrow space. CNN reported on Friday that \"officials are splitting the men into two shifts so one group sleeps while the other works or has leisure time .. On average, each man has lost 22 pounds (10 kilograms) since they became trapped three weeks ago, and dehydration remains a threat. But a survey of the men indicates that at least nine miners are still too overweight to fit through the proposed rescue shaft. Initially, the miners survived by draining water from a water-cooled piece of equipment. To stay hydrated in the 90-degree mine, each miner must drink eight or nine pints of water per day.\" But while there are jubilant celebrations on the surface that the miners are alive, officials are now nervous that the miners could become depressed , trapped in a dark room the size of a small apartment. Chilean health minister Jaime Ma\u00f1alich said that, on the video, he saw the telltale signs of depression. \"They are more isolated, they don't want to be on the screen, they are not eating well\", he said. \"I would say depression is the correct word.\" He said that doctors who had watched the video had observed the men suffering from \"severe dermatological problems.\" Dr. Rodrigo Figueroa, head of the trauma, stress and disaster unit at the in Santiago, Chile, explained that \"following the euphoria of being discovered, the normal psychological reaction would be for the men to collapse in a combination of fatigue and stress ... People who are trained for emergencies \u2013 like these miners \u2013 tend to minimize their own needs or to ignore them. When it is time to ask for help, they don't.\" NASA has advised emergency workers that entertaining the miners would be a good idea. They are to be sent a television system complete with taped football matches. Another dilemma facing Ma\u00f1alich is whether the miners should be permitted to smoke underground. While nicotine gum has been delivered to the miners, sending down cigarettes is a plan that has not been ruled out. 300px|The message sent up confirming that the miners were alive. \"We are fine in the shelter the 33\" [of us], it reads. With the news that drilling of the main rescue tunnel was expected to begin on Monday, officials have informed the media that they hope to have the miners out of the mine by Christmas \u2014but sources with access to technical meetings have suggested that the miners could actually be rescued by the first week of November. A news report described the rescue plan\u2014\"the main focus is a machine that bores straight down to 688m and creates a chimney-type duct that could be used to haul the miners out one by one in a rescue basket. A second drilling operation will attempt to intercept a mining tunnel at a depth of roughly 350m. The miners would then have to make their way through several miles of dark, muddy tunnels and meet the rescue drill at roughly the halfway point of their current depth of 688m.\" Iv\u00e1n Viveros Aranas, a Chilean policeman working at Camp Hope, told reporters that Chile \"has shown a unity regardless of religion or social class. You see people arriving here just to volunteer, they have no relation at all to these families.\" But over the weekend, The New York Times reported that the \"miners who have astonished the world with their discipline a half-mile underground will have to aid their own escape \u2014 clearing 3,000 to 4,000 tons of rock that will fall as the rescue hole is drilled, the engineer in charge of drilling said Sunday ... The work will require about a half-dozen men working in shifts 24 hours a day.\" Andr\u00e9s Sougarret, a senior engineer involved in operating the drill said that \"the miners are going to have to take out all that material as it falls.\" The families of those trapped were allowed to speak to them by radio-telephone on Sunday\u2014a possibility that brought reassurance both the miners and those on the surface. The Intendant of the Atacama Region, Ximena Matas , said that there had been \"moments of great emotion.\" She continued to say that the families \"listened with great interest and they both felt and realized that the men are well. This has been a very important moment, which no doubt strengthens their [the miners'] morale.\" The phone line is thought to be quite temperamental, but it is hoped that soon, those in the mine and those in Camp Hope will be able to talk every day. \"To hear his voice was a balm to my heart ... He is aware that the rescue is not going to happen today, that it will take some time. He asked us to stay calm as everything is going to be OK ... He sounded relaxed and since it was so short I didn't manage to ask anything. Twenty seconds was nothing\", said said Jessica Cort\u00e9s, who spoke to her husband V\u00edctor Zamora, who was not even a miner, but a vehicle mechanic. \"He went in that day because a vehicle had broken down inside the mine ... At first they told us he had been crushed [to death].\"", "after_revision": "It has emerged that the 33 Chilean miners trapped underground after the mine they were working in could be brought to the surface in a shorter time than was initially feared. While officials publicly announced that the men would not be brought to the surface until Christmas, sources inside technical meetings have revealed that they could in fact be on the surface by early November. The news comes as families were allowed to speak by radio-telephone to their trapped loved ones on Sunday. Over the weekend, video images filmed by the miners emerged showing the miners playing at a table and singing the . The miners also used the camera to send video messages to their families on the surface, saying that they regularly broke into tears, but were feeling better having received food and water. The grainy images, filmed on a that was sent down a small shaft to the mine, show the men in good spirits, chanting \"long live , and long live the miners.\" They are unshaven and stripped to the waist because of the heat underground, and are seen wearing white clinical trousers that have been designed to keep them dry. Giving a guided tour of the area they are occupying, Mario Sep\u00falveda, one of the miners, explains they have a \"little cup to brush our teeth\", and a place where they pray each day. \"We have everything organized,\" he tells the camera. Gesturing to the table in the center of the room, he says that \"we meet here every day. We plan, we have assemblies here every day so that all the decisions we make are based on the thoughts of all 33.\" Another unidentified miner asks to rescuers, \"get us out of here soon, please.\" A is shown in the video, reading 29.5C (85F). Upon seeing the video in a private screening, family members, who are living in a small village of tents at the entrance to the - mine\u2014which they have named Camp Hope\u2014were elated. \"He's skinny, bearded and it was painful to see him with his head hanging down, but I am so happy to see him alive\", said Ruth Contreras, the mother of Carlos Bravo, who is trapped in the mine. The video, of which only a small portion has been released to the public, shows the miners, many of them wearing , cracking jokes and thanking the rescuers for their continued efforts. The supplies are being sent to the men through a small shaft only twelve centimeters wide, and a laboratory has been set up with the purpose of designing collapsible cots and miniature sandwiches, which can be sent down such a narrow space. reported on Friday that \"officials are splitting the men into two shifts so one group sleeps while the other works or has leisure time .. On average, each man has lost 22 pounds (10 kilograms) since they became trapped three weeks ago, and dehydration remains a threat. But a survey of the men indicates that at least nine miners are still too overweight to fit through the proposed rescue shaft. Initially, the miners survived by draining water from a water-cooled piece of equipment. To stay hydrated in the 90-degree mine, each miner must drink eight or nine pints of water per day.\" But while there are jubilant celebrations on the surface that the miners are alive, officials are now nervous that the miners could become , trapped in a dark room the size of a small apartment. Chilean health minister said that, on the video, he saw the telltale signs of depression. \"They are more isolated, they don't want to be on the screen, they are not eating well\", he said. \"I would say depression is the correct word.\" He said that doctors who had watched the video had observed the men suffering from \"severe dermatological problems.\" Dr. Rodrigo Figueroa, head of the trauma, stress and disaster unit at the in Santiago, Chile, explained that \"following the euphoria of being discovered, the normal psychological reaction would be for the men to collapse in a combination of fatigue and stress ... People who are trained for emergencies \u2013 like these miners \u2013 tend to minimize their own needs or to ignore them. When it is time to ask for help, they don't.\" NASA has advised emergency workers that entertaining the miners would be a good idea. They are to be sent a television system complete with taped matches. Another dilemma facing Ma\u00f1alich is whether the miners should be permitted to underground. While has been delivered to the miners, sending down is a plan that has not been ruled out. 300px|The message sent up confirming that the miners were alive. \"We are fine in the shelter the 33\" [of us], it reads. With the news that drilling of the main rescue tunnel was expected to begin on Monday, officials have informed the media that they hope to have the miners out of the mine by \u2014but sources with access to technical meetings have suggested that the miners could actually be rescued by the first week of November. A news report described the rescue plan\u2014\"the main focus is a machine that bores straight down to 688m and creates a chimney-type duct that could be used to haul the miners out one by one in a rescue basket. A second drilling operation will attempt to intercept a mining tunnel at a depth of roughly 350m. The miners would then have to make their way through several miles of dark, muddy tunnels and meet the rescue drill at roughly the halfway point of their current depth of 688m.\" Iv\u00e1n Viveros Aranas, a Chilean policeman working at Camp Hope, told reporters that Chile \"has shown a unity regardless of religion or social class. You see people arriving here just to volunteer, they have no relation at all to these families.\" But over the weekend, reported that the \"miners who have astonished the world with their discipline a half-mile underground will have to aid their own escape \u2014 clearing 3,000 to 4,000 tons of rock that will fall as the rescue hole is drilled, the engineer in charge of drilling said Sunday ... The work will require about a half-dozen men working in shifts 24 hours a day.\" Andr\u00e9s Sougarret, a senior engineer involved in operating the drill said that \"the miners are going to have to take out all that material as it falls.\" The families of those trapped were allowed to speak to them by radio-telephone on Sunday\u2014a possibility that brought reassurance both the miners and those on the surface. The Intendant of the Atacama Region, , said that there had been \"moments of great emotion.\" She continued to say that the families \"listened with great interest and they both felt and realized that the men are well. This has been a very important moment, which no doubt strengthens their [the miners'] morale.\" The phone line is thought to be quite temperamental, but it is hoped that soon, those in the mine and those in Camp Hope will be able to talk every day. \"To hear his voice was a balm to my heart ... He is aware that the rescue is not going to happen today, that it will take some time. He asked us to stay calm as everything is going to be OK ... He sounded relaxed and since it was so short I didn't manage to ask anything. Twenty seconds was nothing\", said said Jessica Cort\u00e9s, who spoke to her husband V\u00edctor Zamora, who was not even a miner, but a vehicle mechanic. \"He went in that day because a vehicle had broken down inside the mine ... At first they told us he had been crushed [to death].\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "collapsed", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 98, "end_char_pos": 107}, {"type": "D", "before": "dominoes", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 589, "end_char_pos": 597}, {"type": "D", "before": "Chilean national anthem", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 625, "end_char_pos": 648}, {"type": "D", "before": "nightvision", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 852, "end_char_pos": 863}, {"type": "D", "before": "high definition camcorder", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 884, "end_char_pos": 909}, {"type": "D", "before": "Chile", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1006, "end_char_pos": 1011}, {"type": "D", "before": "thermometer", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1724, "end_char_pos": 1735}, {"type": "R", "before": "copper-gold", "after": "-", "start_char_pos": 1908, "end_char_pos": 1919}, {"type": "D", "before": "helmets", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2277, "end_char_pos": 2284}, {"type": "D", "before": "CNN", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2598, "end_char_pos": 2601}, {"type": "D", "before": "depressed", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3328, "end_char_pos": 3337}, {"type": "D", "before": "Jaime Ma\u00f1alich", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3418, "end_char_pos": 3432}, {"type": "D", "before": "football", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4329, "end_char_pos": 4337}, {"type": "D", "before": "smoke", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4424, "end_char_pos": 4429}, {"type": "D", "before": "nicotine gum", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4449, "end_char_pos": 4461}, {"type": "D", "before": "cigarettes", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4509, "end_char_pos": 4519}, {"type": "D", "before": "Christmas", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4853, "end_char_pos": 4862}, {"type": "D", "before": "The New York Times", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 5748, "end_char_pos": 5766}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ximena Matas", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 6478, "end_char_pos": 6490}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 184, 394, 501, 650, 840, 1040, 1204, 1385, 1438, 1526, 1721, 1779, 1969, 2163, 2356, 2597, 2739, 2871, 2998, 3087, 3188, 3393, 3498, 3596, 3642, 4023, 4136, 4268, 4346, 4442, 4558, 4623, 4678, 4997, 5204, 5302, 5480, 5628, 5725, 6038, 6118, 6270, 6440, 6545, 6669, 6764, 6917, 6963, 7050, 7111, 7189, 7334, 7409]} {"doc_id": "203446", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Alain Corneau at the Yokohama French Film Festival in 2005 Alain Corneau , a French film director , has died at the age of 67. His death was announced by the Artmedia talent agency. The cause of death was announced as cancer . Born on August 7, 1943, Corneau's first interest was music. He later went to Paris to study filmmaking. Before the success of his first film, Corneau attempted to make a documentary about New York and an adaptation of a novel. After working as assistant director on L'Aveu with Costa Gavras he directed his first film in 1973, France, Inc. Corneau's other films include La Menace, Fort Saganne , and the highly successful Tous les matins du monde . Tous les matins du monde received 11 C\u00e9sar Award nominations and won seven of them. The awards included Best Film, Best Director, and Best Music. Corneau said in a 1992 interview in the New York Times that \"Many people got emotional about this film, and that made it possible for it to escape cult status.\" Corneau was set to appear at the Toronto Film Festival in September.", "after_revision": "at the in 2005 , a French , has died at the age of 67. His death was announced by the talent agency. The cause of death was announced as . Born on August 7, 1943, Corneau's first interest was music. He later went to Paris to study filmmaking. Before the success of his first film, Corneau attempted to make a about New York and an adaptation of a novel. After working as assistant director on with he directed his first film in 1973, France, Inc. Corneau's other films include , , and the highly successful . Tous les matins du monde received 11 nominations and won seven of them. The awards included Best Film, Best Director, and Best Music. Corneau said in a 1992 interview in the that \"Many people got emotional about this film, and that made it possible for it to escape cult status.\" Corneau was set to appear at the in September.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Alain Corneau at the Yokohama French Film Festival", "after": "at the", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 50}, {"type": "D", "before": "Alain Corneau", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 59, "end_char_pos": 72}, {"type": "D", "before": "film director", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 84, "end_char_pos": 97}, {"type": "D", "before": "Artmedia", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 158, "end_char_pos": 166}, {"type": "D", "before": "cancer", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 218, "end_char_pos": 224}, {"type": "D", "before": "documentary", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 397, "end_char_pos": 408}, {"type": "R", "before": "L'Aveu with Costa Gavras", "after": "with", "start_char_pos": 493, "end_char_pos": 517}, {"type": "D", "before": "La Menace, Fort Saganne", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 597, "end_char_pos": 620}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 623, "end_char_pos": 623}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tous les matins du monde", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 650, "end_char_pos": 674}, {"type": "D", "before": "C\u00e9sar Award", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 714, "end_char_pos": 725}, {"type": "D", "before": "New York Times", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 863, "end_char_pos": 877}, {"type": "D", "before": "Toronto Film Festival", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1017, "end_char_pos": 1038}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 126, 181, 286, 330, 453, 676, 760, 822, 983]} {"doc_id": "203956", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Shakemap of the earthquake. Building damage in Worcester Street, corner Manchester Street, with ChristChurch Cathedral in the background. The USGS says an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 occurred in the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island at Saturday 04:35:44 AM local time (Friday 16:35:44 UTC). Officials in New Zealand say the magnitude was 7.1. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 10.0 kilometers (6.21 miles). The epicenter was located 40 kilometers (25 miles) west of Christchurch ; 190 kilometers (115 miles) south-southeast of Westport ; 295 kilometers (185 miles) southwest of Wellington ; and 320 kilometers (200 miles) north-northeast of Dunedin . New Zealand's Civil Defence Minister John Carter has declared a state of emergency in Christchurch and Selwyn District . Widespread damage extending beyond Christchurch has damaged infrastructure, including substantial disruption to the power and water supply. Two people were reported seriously injured, and local residents have also reported that chimneys have fallen in through roofs, ceilings cracked and brick walls collapsed. Several aftershocks were also felt as far north as New Plymouth . Bob Parker , the mayor of Christchurch, told the New Zealand Herald that he is \"thankful there has been no loss of life but there had been considerable damage across the city and outlying areas.\" \"We are very happy and blessed that no one died,\" Prime Minister John Key said; he further pledged that \"we are here to support them. We are not going to let Christchurch suffer this great tragedy on their own.\" People in the Christchurch area have been told not to enter the CBD, and a curfew has been established there from 7pm to 7am. Other towns have also had parts closed off to be inspected for safety. The NOAA 's evaluation of the situation predicts that significant damage will not progress beyond New Zealand: \"Based on the earthquake magnitude, location and historic tsunami records, a damaging tsunami is not expected along the California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska coasts. At coastal locations which have experienced strong ground shaking, local tsunamis are possible due to underwater landslides.\" ", "after_revision": "Shakemap of the earthquake. Building damage in Worcester Street, corner Manchester Street, with in the background. The says an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 occurred in the Canterbury region of New Zealand's at Saturday 04:35:44 AM local time (Friday 16:35:44 UTC). Officials in New Zealand say the magnitude was 7.1. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 10.0 kilometers (6.21 miles). The epicenter was located 40 kilometers (25 miles) west of ; 190 kilometers (115 miles) south-southeast of ; 295 kilometers (185 miles) southwest of ; and 320 kilometers (200 miles) north-northeast of . New Zealand's Civil Defence Minister has declared a state of emergency in Christchurch and . Widespread damage extending beyond Christchurch has damaged infrastructure, including substantial disruption to the power and water supply. Two people were reported seriously injured, and local residents have also reported that chimneys have fallen in through roofs, ceilings cracked and brick walls collapsed. Several aftershocks were also felt as far north as . , the mayor of Christchurch, told the that he is \"thankful there has been no loss of life but there had been considerable damage across the city and outlying areas.\" \"We are very happy and blessed that no one died,\" Prime Minister said; he further pledged that \"we are here to support them. We are not going to let Christchurch suffer this great tragedy on their own.\" People in the Christchurch area have been told not to enter the CBD, and a curfew has been established there from 7pm to 7am. Other towns have also had parts closed off to be inspected for safety. The 's evaluation of the situation predicts that significant damage will not progress beyond New Zealand: \"Based on the earthquake magnitude, location and historic tsunami records, a damaging tsunami is not expected along the California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska coasts. At coastal locations which have experienced strong ground shaking, local tsunamis are possible due to underwater landslides.\" Sister links", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "ChristChurch Cathedral", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 96, "end_char_pos": 118}, {"type": "D", "before": "USGS", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 142, "end_char_pos": 146}, {"type": "D", "before": "South Island", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 234, "end_char_pos": 246}, {"type": "D", "before": "Christchurch", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 484, "end_char_pos": 496}, {"type": "D", "before": "Westport", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 545, "end_char_pos": 553}, {"type": "D", "before": "Wellington", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 596, "end_char_pos": 606}, {"type": "D", "before": "Dunedin", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 659, "end_char_pos": 666}, {"type": "D", "before": "John Carter", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 706, "end_char_pos": 717}, {"type": "D", "before": "Selwyn District", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 772, "end_char_pos": 787}, {"type": "D", "before": "New Plymouth", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1152, "end_char_pos": 1164}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bob Parker", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1167, "end_char_pos": 1177}, {"type": "D", "before": "New Zealand Herald", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1216, "end_char_pos": 1234}, {"type": "D", "before": "John Key", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1428, "end_char_pos": 1436}, {"type": "D", "before": "NOAA", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1776, "end_char_pos": 1780}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Sister links", "start_char_pos": 2198, "end_char_pos": 2198}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 27, 137, 304, 356, 424, 498, 555, 608, 668, 789, 929, 1100, 1362, 1442, 1496, 1700, 1771, 2071]} {"doc_id": "204818", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Commemorative statue of the Bicentennial of Chile, located in front of La Moneda Palace, in Santiago . Chile is celebrating its Bicentennial, with several events that have been organized by the government for almost a decade. It commemorates two hundred years since the First Government Junta of 1810 was formed, starting the Independence process, that ended in 1818 after Bernardo O'Higgins proclaimed it. The Bicentennial takes place on a holiday from September 17th until 21st. Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era inaugurated the official fondas (places where typical food and drinks of Chile are sold; similar to a tavern) earlier on Friday. Pi\u00f1era also danced a \"pie\" of Cueca , Chile's national dance, with Government Spokeswoman Ena Von Baer . More than 60 thousand people gathered on Plaza de la Ciudadan\u00eda (Citizen's Square) in Santiago to celebrate the Bicentennial. There was a projection of historical images that also contained a message from the trapped miners in Copiap\u00f3 . A giant flag of Chile (18 meters of height, 27 of width; weighing 200 kilograms) was raised on the square on Friday morning. Pichilemu \"Fonda Don Vicente Nario\" in Colegio Preciosa Sangre. Celebrations of the Bicentennial in Pichilemu started earlier this month. On September 2, two thousand people lined up in a formation to create the message \"Viva Chile Bicentenario Cardenal Caro\" on Pichilemu beach \"Las Terrazas\". The message was used to create a postal stamp to be released worldwide. The event was promoted by the Government of Cardenal Caro Province . Private schools in the city, such as Colegio Preciosa Sangre , prepared events specially for their students. On Thursday, \"Fonda Don Vicente Nario\" was opened on Preciosa Sangre. Several games were performed there on that morning, including \"el emboque\", \"ponerle la cola al burro\" (to put the tail to the donkey), and others. Another event on Preciosa Sangre took place on Thursday night, when students recreated scenes of the History of Chile, including: a tertulia featuring Manuel Montt (starred by Luis Rojas); a chingana (a popular tavern); and selected colonial professions, such as the \"motero\" (person who sold motemei and chestnuts). The official fonda of Pichilemu, La Bombonera, was inaugurated on Thursday night by Mayor Roberto C\u00f3rdova, who danced cueca with people who attended the event. According to C\u00f3rdova, at least 30,000 people have arrived at Pichilemu as of Friday, and it is estimated that another 30,000 will arrive during the next three days. A great event took place on Pichilemu beach on Friday afternoon. Chilean typical games highlighted the event. People danced reggaeton, Am\u00e9rico 's cumbias and cuecas, while others were swimming. The National Shoe Fair (Feria Nacional del Calzado) was established on Agust\u00edn Ross Hotel on Thursday, and will stay in the town until September 23rd. Alicia Grez, who works on a kiosk in the Pichileminian Craft Fair located in front of One Discotheque, said that \"sales have been excellent,\" and that \"[they] won't miss the possibility to experience such an event like this.\" See also ", "after_revision": "Commemorative statue of the Bicentennial of Chile, located in front of , in . Chile is celebrating its Bicentennial, with several events that have been organized by the government for almost a decade. It commemorates two hundred years since the of 1810 was formed, starting the Independence process, that ended in 1818 after proclaimed it. The Bicentennial takes place on a holiday from September 17th until 21st. Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era inaugurated the official fondas (places where typical food and drinks of Chile are sold; similar to a tavern) earlier on Friday. Pi\u00f1era also danced a \"pie\" of , Chile's national dance, with Government Spokeswoman . More than 60 thousand people gathered on (Citizen's Square) in Santiago to celebrate the Bicentennial. There was a projection of historical images that also contained a message from the in . A giant (18 meters of height, 27 of width; weighing 200 kilograms) was raised on the square on Friday morning. Pichilemu \"Fonda Don Vicente Nario\" in Colegio Preciosa Sangre. Celebrations of the Bicentennial in Pichilemu started earlier this month. On September 2, two thousand people lined up in a formation to create the message \"Viva Chile Bicentenario Cardenal Caro\" on Pichilemu beach \"Las Terrazas\". The message was used to create a postal stamp to be released worldwide. The event was promoted by the Government of . Private schools in the city, such as , prepared events specially for their students. On Thursday, \"Fonda Don Vicente Nario\" was opened on Preciosa Sangre. Several games were performed there on that morning, including \"el emboque\", \"ponerle la cola al burro\" (to put the tail to the donkey), and others. Another event on Preciosa Sangre took place on Thursday night, when students recreated scenes of the History of Chile, including: a featuring (starred by Luis Rojas); a chingana (a popular tavern); and selected colonial professions, such as the \"motero\" (person who sold motemei and chestnuts). The official fonda of Pichilemu, La Bombonera, was inaugurated on Thursday night by Roberto C\u00f3rdova, who danced with people who attended the event. According to C\u00f3rdova, at least 30,000 people have arrived at Pichilemu as of Friday, and it is estimated that another 30,000 will arrive during the next three days. A great event took place on Pichilemu beach on Friday afternoon. Chilean typical games highlighted the event. People danced reggaeton, 's cumbias and cuecas, while others were swimming. The National Shoe Fair (Feria Nacional del Calzado) was established on on Thursday, and will stay in the town until September 23rd. Alicia Grez, who works on a kiosk in the Pichileminian Craft Fair located in front of One Discotheque, said that \"sales have been excellent,\" and that \"[they] won't miss the possibility to experience such an event like this.\" See also Sister links", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "La Moneda Palace, in Santiago", "after": ", in", "start_char_pos": 71, "end_char_pos": 100}, {"type": "D", "before": "First Government Junta", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 270, "end_char_pos": 292}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bernardo O'Higgins", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 373, "end_char_pos": 391}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cueca", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 657, "end_char_pos": 662}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ena Von Baer", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 717, "end_char_pos": 729}, {"type": "D", "before": "Plaza de la Ciudadan\u00eda", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 773, "end_char_pos": 795}, {"type": "R", "before": "trapped miners in Copiap\u00f3", "after": "in", "start_char_pos": 941, "end_char_pos": 966}, {"type": "D", "before": "flag of Chile", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 977, "end_char_pos": 990}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cardenal Caro Province", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1505, "end_char_pos": 1527}, {"type": "D", "before": "Colegio Preciosa Sangre", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1567, "end_char_pos": 1590}, {"type": "R", "before": "tertulia featuring Manuel Montt", "after": "featuring", "start_char_pos": 1989, "end_char_pos": 2020}, {"type": "D", "before": "Mayor", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2258, "end_char_pos": 2263}, {"type": "D", "before": "cueca", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2292, "end_char_pos": 2297}, {"type": "D", "before": "Am\u00e9rico", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2634, "end_char_pos": 2641}, {"type": "D", "before": "Agust\u00edn Ross Hotel", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2764, "end_char_pos": 2782}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Sister links", "start_char_pos": 3079, "end_char_pos": 3079}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 102, 225, 406, 480, 586, 626, 857, 1025, 1093, 1157, 1231, 1388, 1460, 1638, 1708, 1856, 2045, 2076, 2173, 2333, 2498, 2563, 2608, 2692, 2843, 3069]} {"doc_id": "207485", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "150px| The King's Speech stars Colin Firth .|left The King's Speech , a historical drama film starring Colin Firth , won the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival's People's Choice Award . The film was directed by Tom Hooper , and is to be released officially on November 26, according to the Internet Movie Database . \"I am so proud that people responded to this film in a positive way,\" said Hooper, who was not in Toronto at the time of the ceremony. The film \"tells the story of the man who became King [of England] George VI ,\" sources say. \"So many people were talking about that film during the festival,\" said Piers Handling , director of the film festival. Previous winners of the award include La vita \u00e8 bella (1997), Wo hu cang long (2000) and Slumdog Millionaire (2008). ", "after_revision": "150px| stars .|left , a historical drama film starring , won the 's . The film was directed by , and is to be released officially on November 26, according to the . \"I am so proud that people responded to this film in a positive way,\" said Hooper, who was not in Toronto at the time of the ceremony. The film \"tells the story of the man who became King [of England] ,\" sources say. \"So many people were talking about that film during the festival,\" said , director of the film festival. Previous winners of the award include (1997), (2000) and (2008). 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Gloria Stuart , US Academy Award nominated film actress, has died at the age of 100. Stuart died at her home in West Los Angeles, and her death was announced by her daughter, Sylvia Thompson. Stuart had been suffering from lung cancer for five years before her death. She appeared in films such as The Invisible Man (1933) Here Comes the Navy (1934), and Titanic (1997). Stuart started her career in the 1930s as one of Hollywood 's leading ladies. Between 1932 and 1939, Stuart appeared in 42 films. During the prime of her career, Stuart appeared with actresses such as Shirley Temple, Warner Baxter, and Dick Powell . She officially retired in 1946, after only making four films during the 1940s. Despite her retirement, Stuart appeared in James Cameron 's 1997 adaptation of Titanic , where she was cast as Old Rose, a survivor of the disaster and narrator of the film. Stuart was then nominated for an Academy Award , becoming the oldest ever person to be nominated, at the age of 87. After her appearance she found new fame, being given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2000, and People's Magazine listed her as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People in the World.", "after_revision": "200px|Gloria Stuart in the 1934 comedy-drama film . , US Academy Award nominated film actress, has died at the age of 100. Stuart died at her home in West Los Angeles, and her death was announced by her daughter, Sylvia Thompson. Stuart had been suffering from for five years before her death. She appeared in films such as (1933) (1934), and (1997). Stuart started her career in the 1930s as one of 's leading ladies. Between 1932 and 1939, Stuart appeared in 42 films. During the prime of her career, Stuart appeared with actresses such as , , and . She officially retired in 1946, after only making four films during the 1940s. Despite her retirement, Stuart appeared in 's 1997 adaptation of , where she was cast as Old Rose, a survivor of the disaster and narrator of the film. Stuart was then nominated for an , becoming the oldest ever person to be nominated, at the age of 87. After her appearance she found new fame, being given a star on the in 2000, and listed her as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People in the World.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Here Comes the Navy. 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Lewis Hamilton crashed early in a free practice damaging his suspension, but was able to participate in a qualifying session using a spare car. Though Hamilton posted the third fastest time, he lost 5 places on the starting grid for a gearbox change. After Robert Kubica lost a rear wheel from his Renault car and retired from the race, it was Fernando Alonso who owned the third place on the podium for Ferrari , to follow his floodlit win at Singapore Jenson Button (McLaren ) passed his teammate Hamilton after the latter lost his third gear. They finished fourth and fifth. Nico Rosberg lost his rear wheel and retired just as Kubica did earlier. His teammate Michael Schumacher came sixth for Mercedes factory team. Two Saubers of Kamui Kobayashi and Nick Heidfeld, a Williams of Rubens Barrichello and a Toro Rosso of Sebastien Buemi closed the top ten drivers in the finishing lap with the leader.", "after_revision": "File photo of Sebastian Vettel (2010) Suzuka Circuit drivers and made a one-two finish from the front line of the starting grid of the at , Japan. crashed early in a free practice damaging his suspension, but was able to participate in a qualifying session using a spare car. Though Hamilton posted the third fastest time, he lost 5 places on the starting grid for a gearbox change. After lost a rear wheel from his car and retired from the race, it was who owned the third place on the podium for , to follow his floodlit win at ( ) passed his teammate Hamilton after the latter lost his third gear. They finished fourth and fifth. lost his rear wheel and retired just as Kubica did earlier. His teammate came sixth for factory team. Two of and , a of and a of closed the top ten drivers in the finishing lap with the leader.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Red Bull drivers Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber", "after": "drivers and", "start_char_pos": 53, "end_char_pos": 102}, {"type": "R", "before": "Formula One 2010 Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka Circuit", "after": "at", "start_char_pos": 173, "end_char_pos": 227}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lewis Hamilton", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 237, "end_char_pos": 251}, {"type": "D", "before": "Robert Kubica", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 494, "end_char_pos": 507}, {"type": "D", "before": "Renault", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 535, "end_char_pos": 542}, {"type": "D", "before": "Fernando Alonso", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 581, "end_char_pos": 596}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ferrari", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 641, "end_char_pos": 648}, {"type": "D", "before": "Singapore", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 681, "end_char_pos": 690}, {"type": "R", "before": "Jenson Button (McLaren", "after": "(", "start_char_pos": 691, "end_char_pos": 713}, {"type": "D", "before": "Nico Rosberg", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 815, "end_char_pos": 827}, {"type": "D", "before": "Michael Schumacher", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 901, "end_char_pos": 919}, {"type": "D", "before": "Mercedes", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 935, "end_char_pos": 943}, {"type": "R", "before": "Saubers of Kamui Kobayashi and Nick Heidfeld, a Williams of Rubens Barrichello and a Toro Rosso of Sebastien Buemi", "after": "of and , a of and a of", "start_char_pos": 962, "end_char_pos": 1076}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 236, 380, 487, 782, 814, 887, 957]} {"doc_id": "212316", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Wikinews interviewed author Amy Scobee about her book Scientology - Abuse at the Top, and asked her about her experiences working as an executive within the organization. Scobee joined the organization at age 14, and worked at Scientology's international management headquarters for several years before leaving in 2005. She served as a Scientology executive in multiple high-ranking positions, working out of the international headquarters of Scientology known as \" Gold Base \", located in Gilman Hot Springs near Hemet, California . Scientology was founded by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard in 1952. Scobee joined Scientology at age 14, and after leaving in 2005 she began to speak out critically about the organization and her views on alleged abuse carried out by management leader David Miscavige against staff members. Scientology - Abuse at the Top was published in May, and Scobee has subsequently appeared in interviews about her experiences in the Scientology organization \u2013 for media including the St. Petersburg Times of Florida on June 23, and the BBC program Panorama hosted by investigative journalist John Sweeney, The Secrets of Scientology , which broadcast on BBC One on September 28. Scobee's book is structured chronologically, and she recounts her experiences first joining the Scientology organization, then becoming a staff member in its elite group the Sea Org , and finally rising to serve in multiple different high-ranking roles at the organization's international management headquarters. Periodically throughout her experiences as an executive staff member for Scientology, Scobee was sent to the organization's penal justice system the \" Rehabilitation Project Force \" (RPF), for supposed \"evil on L. Ron Hubbard\" or negative thoughts about the organization. These sentences often occurred after a division of management Scobee had served under experienced downward statistics related to profit margins and financial performance for the organization. In each instance she was sent to the RPF, Scobee was subsequently reinstated to an executive management role, and given supervisory responsibility over other senior Scientology officials. The author reveals difficult emotional experiences in her book, including an incident where she was raped at age 14 by a Scientology supervisor and subsequently instructed by a \"Scientology Ethics Officer\" that she was in a \"state of treason\" and to keep the matter quiet and not report it to the police. Scobee describes difficult experiences she endured as part of her punishment served in Scientology's RPF, including being sent to the RPF at age 16, and subsequently being slapped across the face for refusing to climb into a garbage can and clean it out. Within Scientology management and the Sea Org, Scobee rose to serve in the Watchdog Committee (WDC) \u2013 the highest ecclesiastical body in the organization. After leaving the organization, Scobee was declared a \" Suppressive Person \", and Scientology's intelligence agency the Office of Special Affairs attempted to enforce organization regulations preventing her from ever speaking to her family including her mother again. Prior to her book's publication, Scobee was threatened with legal action, in a letter from a lawyer Bertram Fields representing influential Scientology member and celebrity, actor Tom Cruise . Separately, Scientology representative Tommy Davis stated the organization was also preparing a lawsuit against her related to the publication of her book. Further news about such threatened lawsuits have not been forthcoming following these statements from Tom Cruise's lawyer and Scientology's spokesman. After Scobee began to speak out critically about Scientology to the St. Petersburg Times, the Scientology propaganda publication Freedom Magazine issued a publication in which it referred to her repeatedly as \"The Adulteress\". Though Scobee had thought that statements she made during Scientology counseling sessions called \" Auditing \" were to be kept confidential under priest-penitent religious privilege, BBC News reported that \"intimate details of her sex life\" were forwarded by Scientology, to the St. Petersburg Times. BBC News reported that during an interview for the Panorama program, Scobee was photographed by agents for Scientology along with journalist John Sweeney. These photographs were then sent by Scientology UK lawyers from the firm Carter-Ruck to the BBC, in an attempt to show \"bias\" of journalist Sweeney towards Scobee in his interviewing. Scientology - Abuse at the Top received a favorable reception from reviews and media coverage. All Headline News characterized it as a \"tell-all book\" about Scientology. Scobee's account has also received positive reception in coverage from Today Tonight, The Drew Marshall Show, Lateline, and Panorama . Why did you decide to join the elite Scientology group, the Sea Org ?AS: I thought that it sounded like an exciting adventure where I could help \"salvage the planet\" on a much larger scale than just in my home town. The \"Sea Organization\" (also Sea Org or SO for short) is defined on the official Church of Scientology web site as follows: AS: When I left in March 2005 after being a full-time, live-in staff member for a quarter century, I had a total of $150 to my name. I had no outside job skills, never cooked and I barely knew how to drive. I had no clue what I would be doing to make a living in the \"outside world\". It was not unlike being dropped on another planet and having to figure out how to survive from scratch. After I became stable and saved up some money, I began writing. As I wrote, I realized how important it was to get my story out. This \"religion\" promotes how their purpose is to create a sane world without criminality, etc. and the more I was OUT of their grip, the more I realized just how insane and criminal they really are. I learned about the Universal Declarations for Human Rights and saw how many points I personally knew were violated by the Scientology organization with their members. I learned about laws of the land (which I had been entirely ignorant of while a staff member) and realized some of the acts that I witnessed were actual violations of the LAW. But what set me on the past to exposing the abuse within Scientology the most was when my mother was forced to disconnect from me, per Scientology's \"disconnection\" policy where members are to cut all ties with anyone not in good standing with their \"church\". This was a very emotionally traumatic situation. In my view, no religion worthy of the title should have a right to stand between loved ones. Quite early on in the book's first chapter, you recount an incident of being raped at age 14, by a 35-year-old married man who was your Scientology supervisor. You describe how your \"Scientology Ethics Officer\" found out, said you were in a \"state of treason\", and that the incident was kept quiet and not reported to the police by Scientology officials. How difficult was it to include this in the book? For what reason did you choose to include this? Why didn't you tell your parents about this?AS: To me, it was very important to include this information in my book because it gives the reader an idea of how Scientology operates. One of the worst crimes you can commit as a Scientologist is bringing about \"bad public relations\" for them. Things that happen internally are KEPT internal with the \"we handle our own\" doctrine. Unfortunately, this was a CRIME for which that person could have been arrested. Instead, it was \"handled\" by the local staff (swept under the carpet) and forgotten about. I didn't tell my parents because I was ashamed and afraid. After describing your arrival at the Scientology \"Flag Land Base\" in Florida at age 16, you recall how you met and became intimate with a 26-year-old man named David Paul, who later became your husband. For this act, you were subjected to a \"security check\" process on the Scientology device, the E-meter, and ordered to serve time performing manual labor on the controversial \"Rehabilitation Project Force\" (RPF) of Scientology. Is 16 a relatively young age to be sentenced to the Rehabilitation Project Force in Scientology? Did you know other individuals on this program that were younger than you, or around the same age? AS: Yes, 16 is a young age to be sentenced to the Rehabilitation Project Force. I should have been attending school as per the agreement with my mother when she gave parental consent for me to join the Sea Organization \u2013 but I factually never saw one day of school after I joined. There were other teen-agers on the RPF at the same time, but I believe I was the youngest. Scientologists working in the organization's \"Rehabilitation Project Force\" in Los Angeles, California During participation in the Rehabilitation Project Force, you recount how you were slapped across the face for refusing to climb into a garbage can after being ordered to do so by a leader of your group. How did this make you feel? Did you consider leaving the organization at all at this point in time? Why or why not, and why did you remain?AS: It was a completely nutty order and I wasn't about to comply. I ran around the block to get away as the lady who issued the order chased after me. I went to the person in charge asking for help but he was not in his office. The lady chased me into that office and then hit me across the face. I did NOT hit her back because I wanted to show that she was the crazy one. However when the Ethics Officer got there, he said I should have complied as she was my superior. I felt like it was a huge injustice because the order made no sense and had no purpose. She was just trying to exert her \"authority\" over me. But, I didn't want to be in more trouble, so I did my punishment for non-compliance and carried on. No, I did not think of leaving then. At that point, I just thought that lady was insane, not the entire organization. After completing your time on the Rehabilitation Project Force, you were appointed to the position of \"Commanding Officer of the Flag Land Base's Communicator\", where you were \"responsible for all in-coming and out-going traffic from the executive and obtaining compliance to all orders issued\". Did it surprise you that directly after finishing the Rehabilitation Project Force, you were given such a position of responsibility as a Scientology executive? Does this occur often in Scientology to members after they finish their sentence in the Rehabilitation Project Force? AS: In the Sea Organization, one is expected to be able to perform any duty \u2013 with or without training. It's preached that the salvation of the world is on our shoulders and everyone needs to pull up their bootstraps and make it go right. So, the appointment did not surprise me. Shortly after your promotion from Rehabilitation Project Force member to this position, you were promoted to \"Flag Land Bureau Estates Management Chief\", where you were \"responsible for all public hotels and services\", and subsequently promoted to the \"Commodore's Messenger Organization (CMO)\". At the end of chapter 3, you write how you were \"placed under a group justice action, called a Committee of Evidence\", and the committee, \"recommended my removal for neglect of duty regarding the schedule\". However, a few days later you were told you were assigned to Los Angeles, California, in order to recruit for members to join the CMO. Again, this appears to be a pattern of conflicting orders within the organization, where in one instance you were disciplined for perceived slights, and yet directly afterward, promoted to a higher position of authority as a Scientology executive. How do you explain this behavior within the organization?AS: The control and handling of personnel within the Sea Org was very unpredictable. There were always huge demands and needs for people on various projects or positions that had to be filled \"at once\". So one could expect rapid changes. It was also considered that after one messes up, they can be corrected using the \"ethics technology\" of Scientology and confessionals so they can carry on after their level of ethics are once again acceptable. What was the highest-ranking position you held within Scientology? Who did you report to in this position? What responsibilities did you have, and how many other people and sub-entities did you oversee? AS: I was in the Watchdog Committee (WDC) which is the highest ecclesiastical body in Scientology, with a WDC member appointed over each of the numerous \"sectors\" or areas of Scientology to see to their proper management. My boss as a WDC member is the WDC Chairman. This is the highest management position in the organization. I was in WDC for about a decade and held about six different sectors over the years, including the Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE) sector, which is responsible for the secular aspects of the organization \u2013 drug rehabilitation, criminal reform, Applied Scholastics study technology and The Way To Happiness Foundation \u2013 and the Celebrity Center sector. Anything that goes on inside your sector or sphere of responsibility as a WDC member, is your responsibility and you're held accountable. This could be very stressful, particularly when the current head of Scientology \u2013 David Miscavige \u2013 is so abusive. For example, Miscavige learned that the Tampa Scientology organization was not paying their rent in 2003. As I had previously been the WDC member for all Scientology churches (approx 175 of them around the world) and should have noticed and handled it then, Miscavige demanded that I personally pay the rent of $ 5,000 (which I did not have). This order was enforced by his personal staff \u2013 I had to borrow the money from several other staff members and turn it into the Finance Office, who then wrote a check to the Tampa organization to pay their back rent as a \"gift\" to them from management. In chapter 4 of Scientology - Abuse at the Top, you cite the book Combating Cult Mind Control by cult researcher Steven Hassan , who explains that, \"Members are made to feel part of an elite corps of mankind.\" At what point in time did you read this book? Are there other books which helped you understand and put your experiences within Scientology into a greater context?AS: I read several quotes from Steven Hassan from the internet that made total sense to me, so I ordered his book. It's a fantastic read. I learned quite a lot about mind control and particularly found it interesting and true that a key aspect of mind control is INFORMATION CONTROL. If one can control the information that you are allowed to receive, then you can really control their thinking. They wouldn't be equipped with all of the ACTUAL information to be able to analyze and made a sane decision about something. In Scientology and especially in the Sea Organization, information is controlled intensively. This includes ALL communication via telephone or mail \u2013 incoming and outgoing \u2013 being screened through security personnel in order to detect any antagonism regarding Scientology from the \"outside\", no televisions allowed, no internet access, not being permitted to listen to or read any article that said anything negative about Scientology. Another book I found to be very beneficial after leaving Scientology was Man's Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl . It answered a lot for me. You described in chapter 6, being assigned to a sub-division of the Rehabilitation Project Force, called the \"RPF's RPF\". How was this different from the main RPF itself? What typical tasks were you ordered to perform? Were there many other women assigned to this unit? Were women given different roles or treated differently than men while on the RPF or the RPF's RPF? After being appointed in October 1991 as the \"Watchdog Committee member over the Celebrity Centre sector\", you recall meeting several members of \"the top Scientology celebrity public\", including John Travolta, Kelly Preston, Kirstie Alley, Anne Archer, Nancy Cartwright, Billy Sheehan, Priscilla Presley, Lisa Marie Presley, Juliette Lewis , Isaac Hayes, Tom Cruise, Edgar Winter, and Jenna Elfman . In what capacity did you meet these Scientology celebrities? Were they coming in for Scientology auditing, or counseling? Did they receive advice and assistance in some form with their professional careers?AS: While I was working on the project to build Celebrity Centre International in Hollywood, I was often in the President's office of the Celebrity Center where the top celebrities often would come. That's how I met most of them. They would come into Celebrity Center to attend a course, to go in for a counseling session or to bring someone new in to introduce them to Scientology. Celebrity Centre International has a \"career counseling\" service it does provide and some celebrities have done this service to hopefully help them to do better in their careers. You write that you are aware of situations where members of Scientology hired by celebrities as assistants or security staff, have actually reported back to the organization through a Scientology process called \"Security Checks\", with revealing information about those celebrities. Did any of these celebrities ever find out such a tactic was being used to uncover information about them? If so, what was their response to this? I was awarded PERMANENT POSTING STATUS on two executive positions in Church of Scientology International (CSI \u2013 the highest management organization for Scientology). This is a status that can only be verified and authorized by the Religious Technology Center (RTC \u2013 the holder of the Scientology trademarks and service marks). I received my Permanent Posting certificate by RTC as the Watchdog Committee member for Celebrity Centres (WDC CC), which I held as a single duty for four years, and as a function with other Scientology sectors for nearly a decade. Amongst the extensive list of requirements one must meet to become Permanently Posted, ones ethics and production record must be verified as excellent and you must be capable of generating on the order of a million dollars a year for the organization. In 1996, you were transferred to the executive post of Watchdog Committee member for the Association for Better Living and Education (WDC ABLE). ABLE is an organization operated by Scientology management which oversees groups that promote Scientology techniques. In this executive position, you were responsible for supervising Scientology-associated entities including: Applied Scholastics, Narconon, Criminon, and The Way to Happiness Foundation . Can you explain a little bit about the function and purpose of each of these groups? Are they actual-practice, separate \"secular\" functioning organizations, or somehow related to the Scientology organization itself? How specifically were these groups influenced and/or managed by Scientology leadership? How involved was David Miscavige in the functioning of these groups? After being told by David Miscavige that your husband at the time, Jim Mortland, was being removed or \"offloaded\" from Scientology's Sea Organization, you were called into the office of the Internal Executive where you were pressured into making a decision to stay in the Sea Org and separate from your husband. You write in the book, that your \"brainwashed response\" was to answer, \"I'm staying\". Why did you characterize this as a brainwashed response. How and why did you come to believe you had been a victim of brainwashing ?AS: Per this Wikipedia definition, \"Mind control (also known as brainwashing, coercive persuasion, mind abuse, thought control, or thought reform) refers to a process in which a group or individual 'systematically uses unethically manipulative methods to persuade others to conform to the wishes of the manipulator(s), often to the detriment of the person being manipulated'.\" In my right mind, I would not have walked away from my husband of 17 years. In my right mind, I would not have \"turned a blind eye\" when I witnessed a dozen accounts of assault & battery being committed on my comrades by David Miscavige. And I would never have given in to the physical labor and other \"ethics\" actions taken on myself and others for trumped up offenses. But I now understand that I was under the influence of mind control. This is not a light matter. People can laugh that concept off so readily, but it's a very REAL thing. When one considers what is at stake (or is thought to be at stake) if one were to step out of line or violate the rules in any way, you try to remain quiet and compliant. In Scientology, if you get yourself in enough trouble (from some executive's point of view), you can be banned from ever being allowed to receive the upper level services in Scientology \u2013 and thus enslave yourself as a spiritual being for eternity. Another more minor factor, but still major enough to keep you in line is the threat that any of your family or friends in Scientology would have to disconnect from you if you were no longer in good standing. So to say you want to leave, to go against the head of the organization, to report to outside authorities what's going on inside is considered more of a crime than being quiet and compliant as a \"good Scientologist\". This is what I consider has people brainwashed. It's a way to control their rational thinking. It's \"the end justifies the means\". When I realized that I had been rationalizing away utter insanities that I both witnessed and experienced in the organization and that I needed to simply look at what was factually in front of me, I started making my plans to leave. The details of this revelation and how I finally got out is all detailed in my book. In chapter 10, \"Assault and Battery\", you recount witnessing instances of violence by David Miscavige towards Scientology officials including: Ray Mithoff, Mike Rinder , and Jeff Hawkins. You write, \"I am ashamed that I did not have enough courage at the time to inform the authorities or call the police, which would have been the logical thing to do.\" Why do you think you decided not to report these instances to the police? What do you think law enforcement would have done if you had reported the matter to police? Knowing what you know now, and revisiting your memories of these incidents in hindsight, would you have acted differently if you were in the same situation again? The last chapter of your book describes your emotional reunion with your family after leaving Scientology - first meeting your father and then calling and meeting your mother - and finally reuniting with Mark \"Mat\" Pesch, now your husband. At any point in time did you feel unsafe during your journey to reunite with these people? Did Scientology's intelligence agency, the Office of Special Affairs (OSA), monitor you or your family after you left the organization?AS: As I was getting on the airplane home, the OSA staff member who escorted me to the airport said that I could not talk to my mother due to the \"suppressive person\" declare issue that she handed me a few hours before. Of course, after I arrived to my father's house, I realized that I was no longer under Scientology's control and I could contact my mother if I wanted \u2013 and I desperately wanted to! I hadn't seen her in years and now I was home for good! Scientology did find out about us seeing each other and took various actions to put pressure on my step-father to enforce their disconnection policy. This was very messy and is one of the key reasons I chose to speak out publicly against Scientology's human rights violations. At one point, my husband and I were followed by Private Investigators anywhere we went. We had to file a police report because one in particular was being very reckless in his attempts to stay on our tail \u2013 and flee when we tried to confront him. I finally filed a declaration against Scientology, showing several instances of harassment to myself and my family, which I considered witness tampering since I was named as a witness on an on-going lawsuit against them. Were you concerned that your relationships might be affected due to Scientology declaring you a \" Suppressive Person \", and telling members of the organization never to speak to you again? Has this stopped you, or are you in communication with current and/or former members of the organization? One month before your book was published, All Headline News reported that you received a legal threat from Tom Cruise's lawyer, Bertram Fields , that warned you would face a defamation lawsuit from Cruise if the book was made publicly available. Specific complaints made included your accounts of hearing about a \"drug history\" involving Cruise, an ultimatum made by the Scientology organization to Cruise to decide between Nicole Kidman or the organization, and that Cruise's personal assistants and employees that staff his home are chosen and paid for by the Scientology organization. Can you speak to how you came to have knowledge about these assertions you made, why you believe them to be true and factually accurate, and how you felt when you received the legal threat letter from Cruise's attorney? Prior to publication of Scientology - Abuse at the Top by Amy Scobee, the author was threatened with separate legal actions \u2013 by lawyer Bertram Fields representing influential Scientology member and celebrity, actor Tom Cruise ; and Scientology representative Tommy Davis on behalf of Scientology management. AS: Bertram Fields made a mistake by issuing that legal threat when he hadn't even read my book to know what I actually said about his client. He made assumptions based on hearsay. When I received the letter, I thought that it was just like Scientology \u2013 issue threats to intimidate and back someone off. I wasn't going to back off because what I wrote in my book was true. I am the one who did the project to hire Scientologists for Tom's household. I am the one Shelly Miscavige told what disqualifying drugs Tom took so he could not qualify for the Sea Organization \u2013 which he supposedly wanted to join. I didn't say anything in my book about Cruise having to decide between Nicole or the organization. So, I knew that it was an attempt to prevent me from putting out my book as \"little 'ol me\" could never possibly stand up to the high-powered lawyer of an A-list celebrity who has millions of dollars at his disposal. But the fact is \u2013 it didn't phase me as truth is truth and I'm willing to stand up for the truth. The book was subsequently published and made publicly available. At this point in time, has there been any follow-up from Tom Cruise, his lawyer, or representatives, to you? How do you feel about your legal standing if Cruise were to escalate the matter beyond the initial legal threat letter? The month your book was published, the New York Daily News reported that Scientology organization public representative Tommy Davis characterized your accounts as \"fiction\". With regards to assertions you made that David Miscavige and Scientology officials \"snooped\" in the confessional folders of Scientology members and particularly celebrities, Davis stated, \"Nobody in the church has ever violated the priest-penitent privilege. ... [Confessional files] are held in the strictest confidence.\" How do you respond to these statements by Davis?AS: Just like I did to the New York Daily News when they asked me about it: If Scientology does not violate the priest-penitent privilege, what is the Scientology spokesperson doing talking to the press about my sex life? Davis further stated to the New York Daily News that (separate from the earlier intimations from the lawyer for Tom Cruise) the Scientology organization was itself \"preparing a lawsuit\" against you because of the \"disgusting allegations\" in the book. Have you received any notice from the Scientology organization with regards such a potential lawsuit? Davis proceeded to make claims to the New York Daily News about your sexual relationships. Additionally, BBC News reported that after you began to make public criticism of the organization and its leader David Miscavige, Scientology provided \"intimate details of her sex life\" to the Florida newspaper the St. Petersburg Times. How did you feel when these sexual details were made public by Scientology? How do you feel this behavior by the organization and its officials reflects on its assertions of keeping confidential information secret, and respecting the privacy of priest-penitent privilege?AS: To me \u2013 and MANY other people \u2013 it was obvious through their child-like reaction that they have something fairly big to hide. I gave a detailed eye-witness account of the head of the Scientology religion repeatedly beating staff members. That they respond with exaggerated accusations about my sex life is just a red herring. And it also proves that private information you may divulge in confessionals while a member of Scientology could be used against you should you step out of line in the future. In an August 2009 issue of the Scientology publication, Freedom Magazine , the issue referred to you multiple times only as \"The Adulteress\". How did this make you feel when you found out about this publication? When you were still a member of the Scientology organization, what was your opinion at that point in time of Freedom Magazine? What is your opinion of the publication - its reputability and reliability, at this point in time? In the August 2009 publication of \"Freedom\", they slandered both the St. Petersburg Times reporters and the \"defectors\" (myself, Marty Rathbun , Mike Rinder and Tom DeVocht). Note: they did not use the name \"Amy Scobee\" in this magazine. Instead, they refer to me as \"the Adulteress\". This slanderous character assassination appears in more than 20 places in their publication. It's painfully obvious that they were referring to me since I was the only female that spoke out in the article they were protesting. I'm not \"an adulteress\". As a member of Scientology's Sea Organization (age 16 to 42), I had sexual intercourse with my first husband, my second husband and my current husband. Regardless, my \"sexual purity\" has nothing to do with my reporting the fact that I witnessed the head of the Church of Scientology commit repeated assault & battery on specific church executives while I was employed there. It's just their attempt to \"annihilate credibility\" for exposing this crime. In my view, the Freedom magazine is used to help carry out Miscavige's private agenda to try to remain in a position of power in that organization. Amy Scobee in 2009 BBC News reported on September 26, that during an interview for the Panorama special, The Secrets of Scientology , yourself and reporter John Sweeney were photographed, and such photographs of the two of you hugging after completing the interview were sent by Scientology UK lawyers from the firm Carter-Ruck to the BBC. What do you think Scientology was attempting to accomplish by sending these photos to the BBC? Is such behavior by the Scientology organization with regard to monitoring of journalists, critics, or former members such as yourself common? What do you do to cope and/or respond to such behavior from the Scientology organization?AS: Yes, this type of intimidation is common practice by Scientology. As a witness in an on-going court case against Scientology, I was recently in a deposition with Scientology's lead counsel. He pulled out the photo that their private investigators took of John Sweeney giving me a hug on the highway outside of the Scientology compound in Hemet after nearly two full days of interviews. He proceeded to ask me how much \"alone time\" I spent with Mr. Sweeney (which was none) and when I explained that we all gave each other hugs goodbye before we went our separate ways and that my husband was right there with me, the lawyer said, \"We'll see what the jury says about that!\" All they are trying to do is intimidate us into silence through constant trails by PI's, slandering our names with ridiculous accusations, etc., so we'd become cowed, be quiet and let their criminality go on, unchecked. Well, it hasn't worked to keep me silent. To me, it's more important to prevent anyone else from being hurt by making Scientology's human rights violations known than to worry about them tarnishing my personal reputation in retaliation. I believe that the truth must be brought to light, despite consequences. Are there any other points that you would like to elaborate or explain? Related news ", "after_revision": "Wikinews interviewed author about her book Scientology - Abuse at the Top, and asked her about her experiences working as an executive within the organization. Scobee joined the organization at age 14, and worked at Scientology's international management headquarters for several years before leaving in 2005. She served as a Scientology executive in multiple high-ranking positions, working out of the international headquarters of Scientology known as \" \", located in Gilman Hot Springs near , . Scientology was founded by writer in 1952. Scobee joined Scientology at age 14, and after leaving in 2005 she began to speak out critically about the organization and her views on alleged abuse carried out by management leader against staff members. Scientology - Abuse at the Top was published in May, and Scobee has subsequently appeared in interviews about her experiences in the Scientology organization \u2013 for media including the of Florida on June 23, and the program hosted by , , which broadcast on on September 28. Scobee's book is structured chronologically, and she recounts her experiences first joining the Scientology organization, then becoming a staff member in its elite group the , and finally rising to serve in multiple different high-ranking roles at the organization's international management headquarters. Periodically throughout her experiences as an executive staff member for Scientology, Scobee was sent to the organization's penal justice system the \" \" (RPF), for supposed \"evil on L. Ron Hubbard\" or negative thoughts about the organization. These sentences often occurred after a division of management Scobee had served under experienced downward statistics related to profit margins and financial performance for the organization. In each instance she was sent to the RPF, Scobee was subsequently reinstated to an executive management role, and given supervisory responsibility over other senior Scientology officials. The author reveals difficult emotional experiences in her book, including an incident where she was at age 14 by a Scientology supervisor and subsequently instructed by a \"Scientology Ethics Officer\" that she was in a \"state of treason\" and to keep the matter quiet and not report it to the police. Scobee describes difficult experiences she endured as part of her punishment served in Scientology's RPF, including being sent to the RPF at age 16, and subsequently being slapped across the face for refusing to climb into a garbage can and clean it out. Within Scientology management and the Sea Org, Scobee rose to serve in the Watchdog Committee (WDC) \u2013 the highest ecclesiastical body in the organization. After leaving the organization, Scobee was declared a \" \", and Scientology's the attempted to enforce organization regulations preventing her from ever speaking to her family including her mother again. Prior to her book's publication, Scobee was threatened with legal action, in a letter from a lawyer representing influential Scientology member and celebrity, actor . Separately, Scientology representative stated the organization was also preparing a lawsuit against her related to the publication of her book. Further news about such threatened lawsuits have not been forthcoming following these statements from Tom Cruise's lawyer and Scientology's spokesman. After Scobee began to speak out critically about Scientology to the St. Petersburg Times, the Scientology publication issued a publication in which it referred to her repeatedly as \"The Adulteress\". Though Scobee had thought that statements she made during Scientology counseling sessions called \" \" were to be kept confidential under priest-penitent religious privilege, reported that \"intimate details of her sex life\" were forwarded by Scientology, to the St. Petersburg Times. BBC News reported that during an interview for the Panorama program, Scobee was photographed by agents for Scientology along with journalist John Sweeney. These photographs were then sent by Scientology UK lawyers from the firm Carter-Ruck to the BBC, in an attempt to show \"bias\" of journalist Sweeney towards Scobee in his interviewing. Scientology - Abuse at the Top received a favorable reception from reviews and media coverage. characterized it as a \"tell-all book\" about Scientology. Scobee's account has also received positive reception in coverage from , , , and . Why did you decide to join the elite Scientology group, the ?AS: I thought that it sounded like an exciting adventure where I could help \"salvage the planet\" on a much larger scale than just in my home town. The \"Sea Organization\" (also Sea Org or SO for short) is defined on the official Church of Scientology web site as follows: AS: When I left in March 2005 after being a full-time, live-in staff member for a quarter century, I had a total of $150 to my name. I had no outside job skills, never cooked and I barely knew how to drive. I had no clue what I would be doing to make a living in the \"outside world\". It was not unlike being dropped on another planet and having to figure out how to survive from scratch. After I became stable and saved up some money, I began writing. As I wrote, I realized how important it was to get my story out. This \"religion\" promotes how their purpose is to create a sane world without criminality, etc. and the more I was OUT of their grip, the more I realized just how insane and criminal they really are. I learned about the Universal Declarations for Human Rights and saw how many points I personally knew were violated by the Scientology organization with their members. I learned about laws of the land (which I had been entirely ignorant of while a staff member) and realized some of the acts that I witnessed were actual violations of the LAW. But what set me on the past to exposing the abuse within Scientology the most was when my mother was forced to disconnect from me, per Scientology's \"disconnection\" policy where members are to cut all ties with anyone not in good standing with their \"church\". This was a very emotionally traumatic situation. In my view, no religion worthy of the title should have a right to stand between loved ones. Quite early on in the book's first chapter, you recount an incident of being at age 14, by a 35-year-old married man who was your Scientology supervisor. You describe how your \"Scientology Ethics Officer\" found out, said you were in a \"state of treason\", and that the incident was kept quiet and not reported to the police by Scientology officials. How difficult was it to include this in the book? For what reason did you choose to include this? Why didn't you tell your parents about this?AS: To me, it was very important to include this information in my book because it gives the reader an idea of how Scientology operates. One of the worst crimes you can commit as a Scientologist is bringing about \"bad public relations\" for them. Things that happen internally are KEPT internal with the \"we handle our own\" doctrine. Unfortunately, this was a CRIME for which that person could have been arrested. Instead, it was \"handled\" by the local staff (swept under the carpet) and forgotten about. I didn't tell my parents because I was ashamed and afraid. After describing your arrival at the Scientology \"Flag Land Base\" in Florida at age 16, you recall how you met and became intimate with a 26-year-old man named David Paul, who later became your husband. For this act, you were subjected to a \"security check\" process on the Scientology device, the , and ordered to serve time performing manual labor on the controversial \"\" (RPF) of Scientology. Is 16 a relatively young age to be sentenced to the Rehabilitation Project Force in Scientology? Did you know other individuals on this program that were younger than you, or around the same age? AS: Yes, 16 is a young age to be sentenced to the Rehabilitation Project Force. I should have been attending school as per the agreement with my mother when she gave parental consent for me to join the Sea Organization \u2013 but I factually never saw one day of school after I joined. There were other teen-agers on the RPF at the same time, but I believe I was the youngest. Scientologists working in the organization's \"\" in , California During participation in the Rehabilitation Project Force, you recount how you were slapped across the face for refusing to climb into a garbage can after being ordered to do so by a leader of your group. How did this make you feel? Did you consider leaving the organization at all at this point in time? Why or why not, and why did you remain?AS: It was a completely nutty order and I wasn't about to comply. I ran around the block to get away as the lady who issued the order chased after me. I went to the person in charge asking for help but he was not in his office. The lady chased me into that office and then hit me across the face. I did NOT hit her back because I wanted to show that she was the crazy one. However when the Ethics Officer got there, he said I should have complied as she was my superior. I felt like it was a huge injustice because the order made no sense and had no purpose. She was just trying to exert her \"authority\" over me. But, I didn't want to be in more trouble, so I did my punishment for non-compliance and carried on. No, I did not think of leaving then. At that point, I just thought that lady was insane, not the entire organization. After completing your time on the Rehabilitation Project Force, you were appointed to the position of \"Commanding Officer of the Flag Land Base's Communicator\", where you were \"responsible for all in-coming and out-going traffic from the executive and obtaining compliance to all orders issued\". Did it surprise you that directly after finishing the Rehabilitation Project Force, you were given such a position of responsibility as a Scientology executive? Does this occur often in Scientology to members after they finish their sentence in the Rehabilitation Project Force? AS: In the Sea Organization, one is expected to be able to perform any duty \u2013 with or without training. It's preached that the salvation of the world is on our shoulders and everyone needs to pull up their bootstraps and make it go right. So, the appointment did not surprise me. Shortly after your promotion from Rehabilitation Project Force member to this position, you were promoted to \"Flag Land Bureau Estates Management Chief\", where you were \"responsible for all public hotels and services\", and subsequently promoted to the \" (CMO)\". At the end of chapter 3, you write how you were \"placed under a group justice action, called a Committee of Evidence\", and the committee, \"recommended my removal for neglect of duty regarding the schedule\". However, a few days later you were told you were assigned to Los Angeles, California, in order to recruit for members to join the CMO. Again, this appears to be a pattern of conflicting orders within the organization, where in one instance you were disciplined for perceived slights, and yet directly afterward, promoted to a higher position of authority as a Scientology executive. How do you explain this behavior within the organization?AS: The control and handling of personnel within the Sea Org was very unpredictable. There were always huge demands and needs for people on various projects or positions that had to be filled \"at once\". So one could expect rapid changes. It was also considered that after one messes up, they can be corrected using the \"ethics technology\" of Scientology and confessionals so they can carry on after their level of ethics are once again acceptable. What was the highest-ranking position you held within Scientology? Who did you report to in this position? What responsibilities did you have, and how many other people and sub-entities did you oversee? AS: I was in the Watchdog Committee (WDC) which is the highest ecclesiastical body in Scientology, with a WDC member appointed over each of the numerous \"sectors\" or areas of Scientology to see to their proper management. My boss as a WDC member is the WDC Chairman. This is the highest management position in the organization. I was in WDC for about a decade and held about six different sectors over the years, including the Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE) sector, which is responsible for the secular aspects of the organization \u2013 drug rehabilitation, criminal reform, Applied Scholastics study technology and The Way To Happiness Foundation \u2013 and the Celebrity Center sector. Anything that goes on inside your sector or sphere of responsibility as a WDC member, is your responsibility and you're held accountable. This could be very stressful, particularly when the current head of Scientology \u2013 David Miscavige \u2013 is so abusive. For example, Miscavige learned that the Tampa Scientology organization was not paying their rent in 2003. As I had previously been the WDC member for all Scientology churches (approx 175 of them around the world) and should have noticed and handled it then, Miscavige demanded that I personally pay the rent of $ 5,000 (which I did not have). This order was enforced by his personal staff \u2013 I had to borrow the money from several other staff members and turn it into the Finance Office, who then wrote a check to the Tampa organization to pay their back rent as a \"gift\" to them from management. In chapter 4 of Scientology - Abuse at the Top, you cite the book by researcher , who explains that, \"Members are made to feel part of an elite corps of mankind.\" At what point in time did you read this book? Are there other books which helped you understand and put your experiences within Scientology into a greater context?AS: I read several quotes from Steven Hassan from the internet that made total sense to me, so I ordered his book. It's a fantastic read. I learned quite a lot about mind control and particularly found it interesting and true that a key aspect of mind control is INFORMATION CONTROL. If one can control the information that you are allowed to receive, then you can really control their thinking. They wouldn't be equipped with all of the ACTUAL information to be able to analyze and made a sane decision about something. In Scientology and especially in the Sea Organization, information is controlled intensively. This includes ALL communication via telephone or mail \u2013 incoming and outgoing \u2013 being screened through security personnel in order to detect any antagonism regarding Scientology from the \"outside\", no televisions allowed, no internet access, not being permitted to listen to or read any article that said anything negative about Scientology. Another book I found to be very beneficial after leaving Scientology was by . It answered a lot for me. You described in chapter 6, being assigned to a sub-division of the Rehabilitation Project Force, called the \"RPF's RPF\". How was this different from the main RPF itself? What typical tasks were you ordered to perform? Were there many other women assigned to this unit? Were women given different roles or treated differently than men while on the RPF or the RPF's RPF? After being appointed in October 1991 as the \"Watchdog Committee member over the Celebrity Centre sector\", you recall meeting several members of \"the top Scientology celebrity public\", including John Travolta, , , , , , , , , Isaac Hayes, Tom Cruise, , and . In what capacity did you meet these Scientology celebrities? Were they coming in for Scientology auditing, or counseling? Did they receive advice and assistance in some form with their professional careers?AS: While I was working on the project to build Celebrity Centre International in Hollywood, I was often in the President's office of the Celebrity Center where the top celebrities often would come. That's how I met most of them. They would come into Celebrity Center to attend a course, to go in for a counseling session or to bring someone new in to introduce them to Scientology. Celebrity Centre International has a \"career counseling\" service it does provide and some celebrities have done this service to hopefully help them to do better in their careers. You write that you are aware of situations where members of Scientology hired by celebrities as assistants or security staff, have actually reported back to the organization through a Scientology process called \"Security Checks\", with revealing information about those celebrities. Did any of these celebrities ever find out such a tactic was being used to uncover information about them? If so, what was their response to this? I was awarded PERMANENT POSTING STATUS on two executive positions in Church of Scientology International (CSI \u2013 the highest management organization for Scientology). This is a status that can only be verified and authorized by the Religious Technology Center (RTC \u2013 the holder of the Scientology trademarks and service marks). I received my Permanent Posting certificate by RTC as the Watchdog Committee member for Celebrity Centres (WDC CC), which I held as a single duty for four years, and as a function with other Scientology sectors for nearly a decade. Amongst the extensive list of requirements one must meet to become Permanently Posted, ones ethics and production record must be verified as excellent and you must be capable of generating on the order of a million dollars a year for the organization. In 1996, you were transferred to the executive post of Watchdog Committee member for the (WDC ABLE). ABLE is an organization operated by Scientology management which oversees groups that promote Scientology techniques. In this executive position, you were responsible for supervising Scientology-associated entities including: , , , and . Can you explain a little bit about the function and purpose of each of these groups? Are they actual-practice, separate \"secular\" functioning organizations, or somehow related to the Scientology organization itself? How specifically were these groups influenced and/or managed by Scientology leadership? How involved was in the functioning of these groups? After being told by David Miscavige that your husband at the time, Jim Mortland, was being removed or \"offloaded\" from Scientology's Sea Organization, you were called into the office of the Internal Executive where you were pressured into making a decision to stay in the Sea Org and separate from your husband. You write in the book, that your \"brainwashed response\" was to answer, \"I'm staying\". Why did you characterize this as a brainwashed response. How and why did you come to believe you had been a victim of ?AS: Per this Wikipedia definition, \"Mind control (also known as brainwashing, coercive persuasion, mind abuse, thought control, or thought reform) refers to a process in which a group or individual 'systematically uses unethically manipulative methods to persuade others to conform to the wishes of the manipulator(s), often to the detriment of the person being manipulated'.\" In my right mind, I would not have walked away from my husband of 17 years. In my right mind, I would not have \"turned a blind eye\" when I witnessed a dozen accounts of assault & battery being committed on my comrades by David Miscavige. And I would never have given in to the physical labor and other \"ethics\" actions taken on myself and others for trumped up offenses. But I now understand that I was under the influence of mind control. This is not a light matter. People can laugh that concept off so readily, but it's a very REAL thing. When one considers what is at stake (or is thought to be at stake) if one were to step out of line or violate the rules in any way, you try to remain quiet and compliant. In Scientology, if you get yourself in enough trouble (from some executive's point of view), you can be banned from ever being allowed to receive the upper level services in Scientology \u2013 and thus enslave yourself as a spiritual being for eternity. Another more minor factor, but still major enough to keep you in line is the threat that any of your family or friends in Scientology would have to disconnect from you if you were no longer in good standing. So to say you want to leave, to go against the head of the organization, to report to outside authorities what's going on inside is considered more of a crime than being quiet and compliant as a \"good Scientologist\". This is what I consider has people brainwashed. It's a way to control their rational thinking. It's \"the end justifies the means\". When I realized that I had been rationalizing away utter insanities that I both witnessed and experienced in the organization and that I needed to simply look at what was factually in front of me, I started making my plans to leave. The details of this revelation and how I finally got out is all detailed in my book. In chapter 10, \"Assault and Battery\", you recount witnessing instances of violence by David Miscavige towards Scientology officials including: Ray Mithoff, , and Jeff Hawkins. You write, \"I am ashamed that I did not have enough courage at the time to inform the authorities or call the police, which would have been the logical thing to do.\" Why do you think you decided not to report these instances to the police? What do you think law enforcement would have done if you had reported the matter to police? Knowing what you know now, and revisiting your memories of these incidents in hindsight, would you have acted differently if you were in the same situation again? The last chapter of your book describes your emotional reunion with your family after leaving Scientology - first meeting your father and then calling and meeting your mother - and finally reuniting with Mark \"Mat\" Pesch, now your husband. At any point in time did you feel unsafe during your journey to reunite with these people? Did Scientology's intelligence agency, the (OSA), monitor you or your family after you left the organization?AS: As I was getting on the airplane home, the OSA staff member who escorted me to the airport said that I could not talk to my mother due to the \"suppressive person\" declare issue that she handed me a few hours before. Of course, after I arrived to my father's house, I realized that I was no longer under Scientology's control and I could contact my mother if I wanted \u2013 and I desperately wanted to! I hadn't seen her in years and now I was home for good! Scientology did find out about us seeing each other and took various actions to put pressure on my step-father to enforce their disconnection policy. This was very messy and is one of the key reasons I chose to speak out publicly against Scientology's human rights violations. At one point, my husband and I were followed by Private Investigators anywhere we went. We had to file a police report because one in particular was being very reckless in his attempts to stay on our tail \u2013 and flee when we tried to confront him. I finally filed a declaration against Scientology, showing several instances of harassment to myself and my family, which I considered witness tampering since I was named as a witness on an on-going lawsuit against them. Were you concerned that your relationships might be affected due to Scientology declaring you a \" \", and telling members of the organization never to speak to you again? Has this stopped you, or are you in communication with current and/or former members of the organization? One month before your book was published, reported that you received a legal threat from Tom Cruise's lawyer, , that warned you would face a defamation lawsuit from Cruise if the book was made publicly available. Specific complaints made included your accounts of hearing about a \"drug history\" involving Cruise, an ultimatum made by the Scientology organization to Cruise to decide between or the organization, and that Cruise's personal assistants and employees that staff his home are chosen and paid for by the Scientology organization. Can you speak to how you came to have knowledge about these assertions you made, why you believe them to be true and factually accurate, and how you felt when you received the legal threat letter from Cruise's attorney? Prior to publication of Scientology - Abuse at the Top by Amy Scobee, the author was threatened with separate legal actions \u2013 by lawyer representing influential Scientology member and celebrity, actor ; and Scientology representative on behalf of Scientology management. AS: Bertram Fields made a mistake by issuing that legal threat when he hadn't even read my book to know what I actually said about his client. He made assumptions based on hearsay. When I received the letter, I thought that it was just like Scientology \u2013 issue threats to intimidate and back someone off. I wasn't going to back off because what I wrote in my book was true. I am the one who did the project to hire Scientologists for Tom's household. I am the one Shelly Miscavige told what disqualifying drugs Tom took so he could not qualify for the Sea Organization \u2013 which he supposedly wanted to join. I didn't say anything in my book about Cruise having to decide between Nicole or the organization. So, I knew that it was an attempt to prevent me from putting out my book as \"little 'ol me\" could never possibly stand up to the high-powered lawyer of an A-list celebrity who has millions of dollars at his disposal. But the fact is \u2013 it didn't phase me as truth is truth and I'm willing to stand up for the truth. The book was subsequently published and made publicly available. At this point in time, has there been any follow-up from Tom Cruise, his lawyer, or representatives, to you? How do you feel about your legal standing if Cruise were to escalate the matter beyond the initial legal threat letter? The month your book was published, the reported that Scientology organization public representative characterized your accounts as \"fiction\". With regards to assertions you made that David Miscavige and Scientology officials \"snooped\" in the confessional folders of Scientology members and particularly celebrities, Davis stated, \"Nobody in the church has ever violated the priest-penitent privilege. ... [Confessional files] are held in the strictest confidence.\" How do you respond to these statements by Davis?AS: Just like I did to the New York Daily News when they asked me about it: If Scientology does not violate the priest-penitent privilege, what is the Scientology spokesperson doing talking to the press about my sex life? Davis further stated to the New York Daily News that (separate from the earlier intimations from the lawyer for Tom Cruise) the Scientology organization was itself \"preparing a lawsuit\" against you because of the \"disgusting allegations\" in the book. Have you received any notice from the Scientology organization with regards such a potential lawsuit? Davis proceeded to make claims to the New York Daily News about your sexual relationships. Additionally, BBC News reported that after you began to make public criticism of the organization and its leader David Miscavige, Scientology provided \"intimate details of her sex life\" to the Florida newspaper the St. Petersburg Times. How did you feel when these sexual details were made public by Scientology? How do you feel this behavior by the organization and its officials reflects on its assertions of keeping confidential information secret, and respecting the privacy of priest-penitent privilege?AS: To me \u2013 and MANY other people \u2013 it was obvious through their child-like reaction that they have something fairly big to hide. I gave a detailed eye-witness account of the head of the Scientology religion repeatedly beating staff members. That they respond with exaggerated accusations about my sex life is just a red herring. And it also proves that private information you may divulge in confessionals while a member of Scientology could be used against you should you step out of line in the future. In an August 2009 issue of the Scientology publication, , the issue referred to you multiple times only as \"The Adulteress\". How did this make you feel when you found out about this publication? When you were still a member of the Scientology organization, what was your opinion at that point in time of Freedom Magazine? What is your opinion of the publication - its reputability and reliability, at this point in time? In the August 2009 publication of \"Freedom\", they slandered both the St. Petersburg Times reporters and the \"defectors\" (myself, , Mike Rinder and Tom DeVocht). Note: they did not use the name \"Amy Scobee\" in this magazine. Instead, they refer to me as \"the Adulteress\". This slanderous character assassination appears in more than 20 places in their publication. It's painfully obvious that they were referring to me since I was the only female that spoke out in the article they were protesting. I'm not \"an adulteress\". As a member of Scientology's Sea Organization (age 16 to 42), I had sexual intercourse with my first husband, my second husband and my current husband. Regardless, my \"sexual purity\" has nothing to do with my reporting the fact that I witnessed the head of the Church of Scientology commit repeated assault & battery on specific church executives while I was employed there. It's just their attempt to \"annihilate credibility\" for exposing this crime. In my view, the Freedom magazine is used to help carry out Miscavige's private agenda to try to remain in a position of power in that organization. Amy Scobee in 2009 BBC News reported on September 26, that during an interview for the special , , yourself and reporter were photographed, and such photographs of the two of you hugging after completing the interview were sent by Scientology UK lawyers from the firm Carter-Ruck to the BBC. What do you think Scientology was attempting to accomplish by sending these photos to the BBC? Is such behavior by the Scientology organization with regard to monitoring of journalists, critics, or former members such as yourself common? What do you do to cope and/or respond to such behavior from the Scientology organization?AS: Yes, this type of intimidation is common practice by Scientology. As a witness in an on-going court case against Scientology, I was recently in a deposition with Scientology's lead counsel. He pulled out the photo that their private investigators took of John Sweeney giving me a hug on the highway outside of the Scientology compound in Hemet after nearly two full days of interviews. He proceeded to ask me how much \"alone time\" I spent with Mr. Sweeney (which was none) and when I explained that we all gave each other hugs goodbye before we went our separate ways and that my husband was right there with me, the lawyer said, \"We'll see what the jury says about that!\" All they are trying to do is intimidate us into silence through constant trails by PI's, slandering our names with ridiculous accusations, etc., so we'd become cowed, be quiet and let their criminality go on, unchecked. Well, it hasn't worked to keep me silent. To me, it's more important to prevent anyone else from being hurt by making Scientology's human rights violations known than to worry about them tarnishing my personal reputation in retaliation. I believe that the truth must be brought to light, despite consequences. Are there any other points that you would like to elaborate or explain? Related news Sister links", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Amy Scobee", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 28, "end_char_pos": 38}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gold Base", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 467, "end_char_pos": 476}, {"type": "R", "before": "Hemet, California", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 515, "end_char_pos": 532}, {"type": "R", "before": "science fiction writer L. 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I had no outside job skills, never cooked and I barely knew how to drive. I had no clue what I would be doing to make a living in the \"outside world\". It was not unlike being dropped on another planet and having to figure out how to survive from scratch. After I became stable and saved up some money, I began writing. As I wrote, I realized how important it was to get my story out. This \"religion\" promotes how their purpose is to create a sane world without criminality, etc. and the more I was OUT of their grip, the more I realized just how insane and criminal they really are. I learned about the Universal Declarations for Human Rights and saw how many points I personally knew were violated by the Scientology organization with their members. I learned about laws of the land (which I had been entirely ignorant of while a staff member) and realized some of the acts that I witnessed were actual violations of the LAW. But what set me on the past to exposing the abuse within Scientology the most was when my mother was forced to disconnect from me, per Scientology's \"disconnection\" policy where members are to cut all ties with anyone not in good standing with their \"church\". This was a very emotionally traumatic situation. In my view, no religion worthy of the title should have a right to stand between loved ones. Quite early on in the book's first chapter, you recount an incident of being raped at age 14, by a 35-year-old married man who was your Scientology supervisor. You describe how your \"Scientology Ethics Officer\" found out, said you were in a \"state of treason\", and that the incident was kept quiet and not reported to the police by Scientology officials. How difficult was it to include this in the book? For what reason did you choose to include this? Why didn't you tell your parents about this?AS: To me, it was very important to include this information in my book because it gives the reader an idea of how Scientology operates. One of the worst crimes you can commit as a Scientologist is bringing about \"bad public relations\" for them. Things that happen internally are KEPT internal with the \"we handle our own\" doctrine. Unfortunately, this was a CRIME for which that person could have been arrested. Instead, it was \"handled\" by the local staff (swept under the carpet) and forgotten about. I didn't tell my parents because I was ashamed and afraid. After describing your arrival at the Scientology \"Flag Land Base\" in Florida at age 16, you recall how you met and became intimate with a 26-year-old man named David Paul, who later became your husband. For this act, you were subjected to a \"security check\" process on the Scientology device, the E-meter, and ordered to serve time performing manual labor on the controversial \"Rehabilitation Project Force\" (RPF) of Scientology. Is 16 a relatively young age to be sentenced to the Rehabilitation Project Force in Scientology? Did you know other individuals on this program that were younger than you, or around the same age? AS: Yes, 16 is a young age to be sentenced to the Rehabilitation Project Force. I should have been attending school as per the agreement with my mother when she gave parental consent for me to join the Sea Organization \u2013 but I factually never saw one day of school after I joined. There were other teen-agers on the RPF at the same time, but I believe I was the youngest. Scientologists working in the organization's \"Rehabilitation Project Force\" in Los Angeles, California During participation in the Rehabilitation Project Force, you recount how you were slapped across the face for refusing to climb into a garbage can after being ordered to do so by a leader of your group. How did this make you feel? Did you consider leaving the organization at all at this point in time? Why or why not, and why did you remain?AS: It was a completely nutty order and I wasn't about to comply. I ran around the block to get away as the lady who issued the order chased after me. I went to the person in charge asking for help but he was not in his office. The lady chased me into that office and then hit me across the face. I did NOT hit her back because I wanted to show that she was the crazy one. However when the Ethics Officer got there, he said I should have complied as she was my superior. I felt like it was a huge injustice because the order made no sense and had no purpose. She was just trying to exert her \"authority\" over me. But, I didn't want to be in more trouble, so I did my punishment for non-compliance and carried on. No, I did not think of leaving then. At that point, I just thought that lady was insane, not the entire organization. After completing your time on the Rehabilitation Project Force, you were appointed to the position of \"Commanding Officer of the Flag Land Base's Communicator\", where you were \"responsible for all in-coming and out-going traffic from the executive and obtaining compliance to all orders issued\". Did it surprise you that directly after finishing the Rehabilitation Project Force, you were given such a position of responsibility as a Scientology executive? Does this occur often in Scientology to members after they finish their sentence in the Rehabilitation Project Force? AS: In the Sea Organization, one is expected to be able to perform any duty \u2013 with or without training. It's preached that the salvation of the world is on our shoulders and everyone needs to pull up their bootstraps and make it go right. So, the appointment did not surprise me. Shortly after your promotion from Rehabilitation Project Force member to this position, you were promoted to \"Flag Land Bureau Estates Management Chief\", where you were \"responsible for all public hotels and services\", and subsequently promoted to the \"Commodore's Messenger Organization (CMO)\". At the end of chapter 3, you write how you were \"placed under a group justice action, called a Committee of Evidence\", and the committee, \"recommended my removal for neglect of duty regarding the schedule\". However, a few days later you were told you were assigned to Los Angeles, California, in order to recruit for members to join the CMO. Again, this appears to be a pattern of conflicting orders within the organization, where in one instance you were disciplined for perceived slights, and yet directly afterward, promoted to a higher position of authority as a Scientology executive. How do you explain this behavior within the organization?AS: The control and handling of personnel within the Sea Org was very unpredictable. There were always huge demands and needs for people on various projects or positions that had to be filled \"at once\". So one could expect rapid changes. It was also considered that after one messes up, they can be corrected using the \"ethics technology\" of Scientology and confessionals so they can carry on after their level of ethics are once again acceptable. What was the highest-ranking position you held within Scientology? Who did you report to in this position? What responsibilities did you have, and how many other people and sub-entities did you oversee? AS: I was in the Watchdog Committee (WDC) which is the highest ecclesiastical body in Scientology, with a WDC member appointed over each of the numerous \"sectors\" or areas of Scientology to see to their proper management. My boss as a WDC member is the WDC Chairman. This is the highest management position in the organization. I was in WDC for about a decade and held about six different sectors over the years, including the Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE) sector, which is responsible for the secular aspects of the organization \u2013 drug rehabilitation, criminal reform, Applied Scholastics study technology and The Way To Happiness Foundation \u2013 and the Celebrity Center sector. Anything that goes on inside your sector or sphere of responsibility as a WDC member, is your responsibility and you're held accountable. This could be very stressful, particularly when the current head of Scientology \u2013 David Miscavige \u2013 is so abusive. For example, Miscavige learned that the Tampa Scientology organization was not paying their rent in 2003. As I had previously been the WDC member for all Scientology churches (approx 175 of them around the world) and should have noticed and handled it then, Miscavige demanded that I personally pay the rent of $", "after": "$150 to my name. I had no outside job skills, never cooked and I barely knew how to drive. I had no clue what I would be doing to make a living in the \"outside world\". It was not unlike being dropped on another planet and having to figure out how to survive from scratch. After I became stable and saved up some money, I began writing. As I wrote, I realized how important it was to get my story out. This \"religion\" promotes how their purpose is to create a sane world without criminality, etc. and the more I was OUT of their grip, the more I realized just how insane and criminal they really are. I learned about the Universal Declarations for Human Rights and saw how many points I personally knew were violated by the Scientology organization with their members. I learned about laws of the land (which I had been entirely ignorant of while a staff member) and realized some of the acts that I witnessed were actual violations of the LAW. But what set me on the past to exposing the abuse within Scientology the most was when my mother was forced to disconnect from me, per Scientology's \"disconnection\" policy where members are to cut all ties with anyone not in good standing with their \"church\". This was a very emotionally traumatic situation. In my view, no religion worthy of the title should have a right to stand between loved ones. Quite early on in the book's first chapter, you recount an incident of being at age 14, by a 35-year-old married man who was your Scientology supervisor. You describe how your \"Scientology Ethics Officer\" found out, said you were in a \"state of treason\", and that the incident was kept quiet and not reported to the police by Scientology officials. How difficult was it to include this in the book? For what reason did you choose to include this? Why didn't you tell your parents about this?AS: To me, it was very important to include this information in my book because it gives the reader an idea of how Scientology operates. One of the worst crimes you can commit as a Scientologist is bringing about \"bad public relations\" for them. Things that happen internally are KEPT internal with the \"we handle our own\" doctrine. Unfortunately, this was a CRIME for which that person could have been arrested. Instead, it was \"handled\" by the local staff (swept under the carpet) and forgotten about. I didn't tell my parents because I was ashamed and afraid. After describing your arrival at the Scientology \"Flag Land Base\" in Florida at age 16, you recall how you met and became intimate with a 26-year-old man named David Paul, who later became your husband. For this act, you were subjected to a \"security check\" process on the Scientology device, the , and ordered to serve time performing manual labor on the controversial \"\" (RPF) of Scientology. Is 16 a relatively young age to be sentenced to the Rehabilitation Project Force in Scientology? Did you know other individuals on this program that were younger than you, or around the same age? AS: Yes, 16 is a young age to be sentenced to the Rehabilitation Project Force. I should have been attending school as per the agreement with my mother when she gave parental consent for me to join the Sea Organization \u2013 but I factually never saw one day of school after I joined. There were other teen-agers on the RPF at the same time, but I believe I was the youngest. Scientologists working in the organization's \"\" in , California During participation in the Rehabilitation Project Force, you recount how you were slapped across the face for refusing to climb into a garbage can after being ordered to do so by a leader of your group. How did this make you feel? Did you consider leaving the organization at all at this point in time? Why or why not, and why did you remain?AS: It was a completely nutty order and I wasn't about to comply. I ran around the block to get away as the lady who issued the order chased after me. I went to the person in charge asking for help but he was not in his office. The lady chased me into that office and then hit me across the face. I did NOT hit her back because I wanted to show that she was the crazy one. However when the Ethics Officer got there, he said I should have complied as she was my superior. I felt like it was a huge injustice because the order made no sense and had no purpose. She was just trying to exert her \"authority\" over me. But, I didn't want to be in more trouble, so I did my punishment for non-compliance and carried on. No, I did not think of leaving then. At that point, I just thought that lady was insane, not the entire organization. After completing your time on the Rehabilitation Project Force, you were appointed to the position of \"Commanding Officer of the Flag Land Base's Communicator\", where you were \"responsible for all in-coming and out-going traffic from the executive and obtaining compliance to all orders issued\". Did it surprise you that directly after finishing the Rehabilitation Project Force, you were given such a position of responsibility as a Scientology executive? Does this occur often in Scientology to members after they finish their sentence in the Rehabilitation Project Force? AS: In the Sea Organization, one is expected to be able to perform any duty \u2013 with or without training. It's preached that the salvation of the world is on our shoulders and everyone needs to pull up their bootstraps and make it go right. So, the appointment did not surprise me. Shortly after your promotion from Rehabilitation Project Force member to this position, you were promoted to \"Flag Land Bureau Estates Management Chief\", where you were \"responsible for all public hotels and services\", and subsequently promoted to the \" (CMO)\". At the end of chapter 3, you write how you were \"placed under a group justice action, called a Committee of Evidence\", and the committee, \"recommended my removal for neglect of duty regarding the schedule\". However, a few days later you were told you were assigned to Los Angeles, California, in order to recruit for members to join the CMO. Again, this appears to be a pattern of conflicting orders within the organization, where in one instance you were disciplined for perceived slights, and yet directly afterward, promoted to a higher position of authority as a Scientology executive. How do you explain this behavior within the organization?AS: The control and handling of personnel within the Sea Org was very unpredictable. There were always huge demands and needs for people on various projects or positions that had to be filled \"at once\". So one could expect rapid changes. It was also considered that after one messes up, they can be corrected using the \"ethics technology\" of Scientology and confessionals so they can carry on after their level of ethics are once again acceptable. What was the highest-ranking position you held within Scientology? Who did you report to in this position? What responsibilities did you have, and how many other people and sub-entities did you oversee? AS: I was in the Watchdog Committee (WDC) which is the highest ecclesiastical body in Scientology, with a WDC member appointed over each of the numerous \"sectors\" or areas of Scientology to see to their proper management. My boss as a WDC member is the WDC Chairman. This is the highest management position in the organization. I was in WDC for about a decade and held about six different sectors over the years, including the Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE) sector, which is responsible for the secular aspects of the organization \u2013 drug rehabilitation, criminal reform, Applied Scholastics study technology and The Way To Happiness Foundation \u2013 and the Celebrity Center sector. Anything that goes on inside your sector or sphere of responsibility as a WDC member, is your responsibility and you're held accountable. This could be very stressful, particularly when the current head of Scientology \u2013 David Miscavige \u2013 is so abusive. For example, Miscavige learned that the Tampa Scientology organization was not paying their rent in 2003. 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"before_revision": "At 11:51 a.m. Central European Summer Time (0951 UTC), Marcus Jannes, a student from J\u00e4rna, Stockholm , posted to the Mental Health Problems forum of Sweden's Flashback message boards using the newly-registered username \"LurifaxFlux\", stating that he was going to hang himself, adding that he had already swallowed 100mg of dexofen and 1500mg of paracetamol . He said that he had set up a webcam to record the event, and would post details later of a FTP server for people to watch. __NOTOC__ People responded to his post almost immediately. Some offered messages of hope, such as, \"How bad can it be? When everything is at its worst, it can only get better\", and \"Think of poor people, mutilated people, people who are lame or blind. Living with a disability is hard. They can not change their lives! But you still have the ability to alter yours!\" Others tried to keep him online by talking to him empathetically: \"Is there anything that can make you change your mind?\", \"Tell me about yourself.\" However, other users posted messages saying they didn't believe him, wishing him luck with his attempt, and calling him an attention whore and a troll . They also goaded him by saying, \"you won't dare, you are too cowardly\", and offering advice on the best way to hang himself: \"I recommend ... you do it from a height that you can jump off so you are guaranteed to break your neck.\" In a later post, Jannes said that he had been feeling suicidal for about six months, but was too scared to actually attempt anything until he tried to strangle himself with his own hands. In response to questions, he stated that he was using a network cable to strangle himself because he didn't have any rope, but he was worried that the cable would not be strong enough to take his weight. He also told them that he had Asperger syndrome and High-functioning autism , and was emotionally vulnerable and lacked normal social skills. He admitted to feeling lonely, and alluded to experiencing problems at school, but admitted that he had a good upbringing and had a rather good life. At around the same time, he also updated his Facebook status to say life was \"just too difficult\", and that he was going to kill himself. The S\u00f6dert\u00e4lje police state that they were first alerted to the incident at 1:44 p.m. At 2:06 p.m., the image feeds show two police officers charging into the apartment and releasing the cable from around Jannus' neck. They begin administering CPR. Two minutes later, two paramedics arrive, and they take over CPR while one of the officers looks around the room at cables; the back of a flat-screen television set; and presumably the computer, as the images finally stop being uploaded. The police have so far declined to comment on how the suicide will be investigated, but Sven-Erik Alhem, a chief prosecutor in Sweden told Aftonbladet , that psychologically inducing a person to commit suicide, or contributing to the act, can be classified as incitement to murder, and is a criminal offense. The Flashback message boards are a controversial topic in Sweden. They are seen as being similar to the English language website 4chan , and especially its \"Random\" /b/ board. The Flashback members are able to post with a great amount of freedom of speech . The site has been investigated by the Swedish police on numerous occasions and is under constant surveillance by the Swedish Security Service due to its members' abundant discussions about drug use, child pornography, race science, bestiality and other controversial subjects. Other controversies include sexual harassment of celebrities and politicians, open racism, forced disconnection from its internet service provider, the hosting of nazi sites, and the sabotage of telephone votes in TV shows. In November 2008, a 19-year-old male from Pembroke Pines , Florida used his webcam to broadcast his suicide on the live video site Justin. tv. Abraham K. Biggs, 19, committed suicide by taking an overdose of opiates and benzodiazepine, which had been prescribed for his bipolar disorder . He also made online threats of suicide and advertised his intentions to broadcast it live over the internet.", "after_revision": "At 11:51 a.m. (0951 UTC), Marcus Jannes, a student from , , posted to the Mental Health Problems forum of Sweden's message boards using the newly-registered username \"LurifaxFlux\", stating that he was going to hang himself, adding that he had already swallowed 100mg of and 1500mg of . He said that he had set up a webcam to record the event, and would post details later of a FTP server for people to watch. __NOTOC__ People responded to his post almost immediately. Some offered messages of hope, such as, \"How bad can it be? When everything is at its worst, it can only get better\", and \"Think of poor people, mutilated people, people who are lame or blind. Living with a disability is hard. They can not change their lives! But you still have the ability to alter yours!\" Others tried to keep him online by talking to him empathetically: \"Is there anything that can make you change your mind?\", \"Tell me about yourself.\" However, other users posted messages saying they didn't believe him, wishing him luck with his attempt, and calling him an and a . They also goaded him by saying, \"you won't dare, you are too cowardly\", and offering advice on the best way to hang himself: \"I recommend ... you do it from a height that you can jump off so you are guaranteed to break your neck.\" In a later post, Jannes said that he had been feeling suicidal for about six months, but was too scared to actually attempt anything until he tried to strangle himself with his own hands. In response to questions, he stated that he was using a network cable to strangle himself because he didn't have any rope, but he was worried that the cable would not be strong enough to take his weight. He also told them that he had and , and was emotionally vulnerable and lacked normal social skills. He admitted to feeling lonely, and alluded to experiencing problems at school, but admitted that he had a good upbringing and had a rather good life. At around the same time, he also updated his Facebook status to say life was \"just too difficult\", and that he was going to kill himself. The police state that they were first alerted to the incident at 1:44 p.m. At 2:06 p.m., the image feeds show two police officers charging into the apartment and releasing the cable from around Jannus' neck. They begin administering CPR. Two minutes later, two paramedics arrive, and they take over CPR while one of the officers looks around the room at cables; the back of a flat-screen television set; and presumably the computer, as the images finally stop being uploaded. The police have so far declined to comment on how the suicide will be investigated, but Sven-Erik Alhem, a chief prosecutor in Sweden told , that psychologically inducing a person to commit suicide, or contributing to the act, can be classified as incitement to murder, and is a criminal offense. The Flashback message boards are a controversial topic in Sweden. They are seen as being similar to the English language website , and especially its \"Random\" /b/ board. The Flashback members are able to post with a great amount of . The site has been investigated by the Swedish police on numerous occasions and is under constant surveillance by the due to its members' abundant discussions about drug use, , , and other controversial subjects. Other controversies include sexual harassment of celebrities and politicians, open racism, forced disconnection from its internet service provider, the hosting of nazi sites, and the sabotage of telephone votes in TV shows. In November 2008, a 19-year-old male from , Florida used his webcam to broadcast his suicide on the live video site . Abraham K. Biggs, 19, committed suicide by taking an overdose of opiates and benzodiazepine, which had been prescribed for his . He also made online threats of suicide and advertised his intentions to broadcast it live over the internet.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Central European Summer Time", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 14, "end_char_pos": 42}, {"type": "D", "before": "J\u00e4rna, Stockholm", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 85, "end_char_pos": 101}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 104, "end_char_pos": 104}, {"type": "D", "before": "Flashback", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 160, "end_char_pos": 169}, {"type": "D", "before": "dexofen", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 325, "end_char_pos": 332}, {"type": "D", "before": "paracetamol", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 347, "end_char_pos": 358}, {"type": "R", "before": "attention whore and a troll", "after": "and a", "start_char_pos": 1123, "end_char_pos": 1150}, {"type": "R", "before": "Asperger syndrome and High-functioning autism", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 1806, "end_char_pos": 1851}, {"type": "D", "before": "S\u00f6dert\u00e4lje", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2210, "end_char_pos": 2220}, {"type": "D", "before": "Aftonbladet", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2832, "end_char_pos": 2843}, {"type": "D", "before": "4chan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3131, "end_char_pos": 3136}, {"type": "D", "before": "freedom of speech", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3240, "end_char_pos": 3257}, {"type": "D", "before": "Swedish Security Service", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3377, "end_char_pos": 3401}, {"type": "R", "before": "child pornography, race science, bestiality", "after": ", ,", "start_char_pos": 3459, "end_char_pos": 3502}, {"type": "D", "before": "Pembroke Pines", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3803, "end_char_pos": 3817}, {"type": "R", "before": "Justin. tv.", "after": ".", "start_char_pos": 3892, "end_char_pos": 3903}, {"type": "D", "before": "bipolar disorder", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4031, "end_char_pos": 4047}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 13, 360, 483, 542, 602, 735, 769, 802, 850, 999, 1152, 1383, 1571, 1775, 1917, 2067, 2205, 2291, 2424, 2454, 2578, 2620, 2692, 3001, 3067, 3177, 3259, 3536, 3760, 4049]} {"doc_id": "213657", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Mandelbrot in 2007 The Mandelbrot set , named after Beno\u00eet Mandelbrot, forms a fractal. Beno\u00eet B. Mandelbrot , a French-American mathematician and pioneer of fractal geometry, died in Cambridge, Massachusetts on Thursday. Mandelbrot, aged 85, died of pancreatic cancer , according to a family statement. Mandelbrot was born to Lithuanian parents on November 20, 1924, in Warsaw . Mandelbrot and his family, who were Jewish, fled Nazi persecution in 1936, moving to France. He later studied at Paris' \u00c9cole Polytechnique and received a master's degree in aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology . In 1952, Mandelbrot went back to Paris for a doctorate in mathematics, and worked with John von Neumann at Princeton , New Jersey's Institute for Advanced Study to earn a postdoctoral degree. He later described a series of complex shapes when studying the concept of roughness. Calling these shapes \"fractals,\" he found that they were present in nature and applied his work to other fields, including finance, physics, and biology. In 1958, Mandelbrot began working for for I.B.M. at the company's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights , New York. In 1987, he began teaching at Yale University , later becoming Sterling Professor Emeritus of Mathematical Sciences. Mandelbrot received the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1993 and the Japan Prize in 2003, in addition to more than fifteen honorary degrees.", "after_revision": "Mandelbrot in 2007 The , named after Beno\u00eet Mandelbrot, forms a fractal. , a French-American mathematician and pioneer of geometry, died in Cambridge, Massachusetts on Thursday. Mandelbrot, aged 85, died of , according to a family statement. Mandelbrot was born to Lithuanian parents on November 20, 1924, in . Mandelbrot and his family, who were Jewish, fled persecution in 1936, moving to France. He later studied at Paris' and received a master's degree in aeronautics from the . In 1952, Mandelbrot went back to Paris for a doctorate in mathematics, and worked with at , New Jersey's to earn a postdoctoral degree. He later described a series of complex shapes when studying the concept of roughness. Calling these shapes \"fractals,\" he found that they were present in nature and applied his work to other fields, including finance, physics, and biology. In 1958, Mandelbrot began working for for I.B.M. at the company's in , New York. In 1987, he began teaching at , later becoming Sterling Professor Emeritus of Mathematical Sciences. Mandelbrot received the in 1993 and the in 2003, in addition to more than fifteen honorary degrees.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Mandelbrot set", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 23, "end_char_pos": 37}, {"type": "D", "before": "Beno\u00eet B. 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Doug Inkley, a senior scientist working for the National Wildlife Federation , said that [the United States of] America's \"addiction to oil\" was responsible for the Deepwater Horizon disaster six months ago. Inkley commented on the incident, six months after the explosion which killed eleven rig workers and resulted in over 170 million gallons of crude oil leaking into the Gulf of Mexico causing damage to marine wildlife habitats as well as the Gulf's fishing and tourism industries. Inkley is a senior scientist working for the National Wildlife Federation . He stated, \"Looking back at what we knew six months after the Exxon Valdez disaster in Alaska illustrates the danger of too quickly drawing conclusions about the full impacts of the Gulf oil disaster.\" His remarks echo those issued by another environmental organisation in July. Greenpeace demanded that BP , who the United States Congress has blamed for the disaster, take a \"new direction\" and end an \"obsession with high risk, environmentally reckless sources of oil.\" Inkley said incidents in the past showed there can be far-reaching effects. \"The Exxon Valdez disaster was not simply one ecosystem earthquake \u2013 the aftershocks have continued to this day,\" he said, citing the 1989 disaster which occurred when an oil tanker ran aground in the Gulf of Alaska .", "after_revision": "A for the , Doug Inkley, has criticised what he described as America's \"addiction to oil\". Inkley stated it is ultimately responsible for the Deepwater Horizon disaster earlier this year. Doug Inkley, a senior scientist working for the , said that [the United States of] America's \"addiction to oil\" was responsible for the Deepwater Horizon disaster six months ago. Inkley commented on the incident, six months after the explosion which killed eleven rig workers and resulted in over 170 million gallons of leaking into the causing damage to as well as the Gulf's fishing and tourism industries. Inkley is a senior scientist working for the . He stated, \"Looking back at what we knew six months after the Exxon Valdez disaster in Alaska illustrates the danger of too quickly drawing conclusions about the full impacts of the Gulf oil disaster.\" His remarks echo those issued by another environmental organisation in July. Greenpeace demanded that , who the has blamed for the disaster, take a \"new direction\" and end an \"obsession with high risk, environmentally reckless sources of oil.\" Inkley said incidents in the past showed there can be far-reaching effects. \"The disaster was not simply one ecosystem earthquake \u2013 the aftershocks have continued to this day,\" he said, citing which occurred when an ran aground in the .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "scientist for the National Wildlife Federation", "after": "for the", "start_char_pos": 2, "end_char_pos": 48}, {"type": "D", "before": "National Wildlife Federation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 275, "end_char_pos": 303}, {"type": "D", "before": "crude oil", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 576, "end_char_pos": 585}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gulf of Mexico", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 603, "end_char_pos": 617}, {"type": "D", "before": "marine wildlife habitats", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 636, "end_char_pos": 660}, {"type": "D", "before": "National Wildlife Federation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 760, "end_char_pos": 788}, {"type": "D", "before": "BP", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1095, "end_char_pos": 1097}, {"type": "D", "before": "United States Congress", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1108, "end_char_pos": 1130}, {"type": "D", "before": "Exxon Valdez", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1344, "end_char_pos": 1356}, {"type": "D", "before": "the 1989 disaster", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1469, "end_char_pos": 1486}, {"type": "D", "before": "oil tanker", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1510, "end_char_pos": 1520}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gulf of Alaska", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1540, "end_char_pos": 1554}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 129, 226, 434, 714, 790, 992, 1069, 1262, 1338]} {"doc_id": "214838", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Shakemap of the earthquake, by the United States Geological Survey. A \"sudden\" and \"terrifying\" aftershock of the magnitude 8.8, February 27 earthquake hit central and southern Chile on Wednesday night. The aftershock, as reported by the Servicio Sismol\u00f3gico de la Universidad de Chile (University of Chile Seismological Service), had a magnitude of 5.8, and occurred at a depth of 32.6 kilometers (20.3 miles). It took place at 23:49:56 local time (Thursday 02:49:56 UTC). The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said it occurred at a depth of 7 km (4.4 miles). Universidad de Chile measurements placed the center of the earthquake under the Pacific Ocean, 153 km (96 miles) northwest of the coastal town of Constituci\u00f3n . The USGS reported it occurred off the coast of the Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region coast, 206 km (128 miles) west-northwest of Talca ; 244 kilometers (151 miles) north-northwest of Concepci\u00f3n ; 263 km (164 miles) southwest of Valpara\u00edso ; and 313 km (195 miles) west-southwest of Santiago, the capital of the country. As reported by ONEMI , Chile's National Emergencies Office, the aftershock was felt throughout the Valpara\u00edso (Mercalli III), Santiago Metropolitan (II, III, IV), O'Higgins (IV), Maule (III, IV, V), B\u00edo B\u00edo (II, III, IV) and La Araucan\u00eda regions (II, III), including cities such as Santiago, Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Lolol, Santa Cruz, Curic\u00f3, Cauquenes, Chill\u00e1n, and Temuco . No damage or casualties were reported, and there was no disturbance to utilities.", "after_revision": "Shakemap of the earthquake, by the United States Geological Survey. A \"sudden\" and \"terrifying\" aftershock of the magnitude 8.8, February 27 earthquake hit central and southern Chile on Wednesday night. The aftershock, as reported by the Servicio Sismol\u00f3gico de la (University of Chile Seismological Service), had a magnitude of 5.8, and occurred at a depth of 32.6 (20.3 miles). It took place at 23:49:56 local time (Thursday 02:49:56 UTC). The (USGS) said it occurred at a depth of 7 km (4.4 miles). Universidad de Chile measurements placed the center of the earthquake under the Pacific Ocean, 153 km (96 miles) northwest of the coastal town of . The USGS reported it occurred off the coast of the Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region coast, 206 km (128 miles) west-northwest of ; 244 kilometers (151 miles) north-northwest of ; 263 km (164 miles) southwest of ; and 313 km (195 miles) west-southwest of Santiago, the capital of the country. As reported by , Chile's National Emergencies Office, the aftershock was felt throughout the (Mercalli III), (II, III, IV), O'Higgins (IV), (III, IV, V), (II, III, IV) and regions (II, III), including cities such as Santiago, Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Lolol, w| Santa Cruz, Chile|Santa Cruz , , , , and . No damage or casualties were reported, and there was no disturbance to utilities.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Universidad de Chile", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 265, "end_char_pos": 285}, {"type": "D", "before": "kilometers", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 387, "end_char_pos": 397}, {"type": "D", "before": "United States Geological Survey", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 478, "end_char_pos": 509}, {"type": "D", "before": "Constituci\u00f3n", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 712, "end_char_pos": 724}, {"type": "D", "before": "Talca", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 867, "end_char_pos": 872}, {"type": "D", "before": "Concepci\u00f3n", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 921, "end_char_pos": 931}, {"type": "D", "before": "Valpara\u00edso", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 966, "end_char_pos": 976}, {"type": "D", "before": "ONEMI", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1073, "end_char_pos": 1078}, {"type": "D", "before": "Valpara\u00edso", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1157, "end_char_pos": 1167}, {"type": "D", "before": "Santiago Metropolitan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1184, "end_char_pos": 1205}, {"type": "D", "before": "Maule", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1237, "end_char_pos": 1242}, {"type": "D", "before": "B\u00edo B\u00edo", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1257, "end_char_pos": 1264}, {"type": "D", "before": "La Araucan\u00eda", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1283, "end_char_pos": 1295}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "w|", "start_char_pos": 1371, "end_char_pos": 1371}, {"type": "R", "before": "Curic\u00f3, Cauquenes, Chill\u00e1n, and Temuco", "after": "Chile|Santa Cruz", "start_char_pos": 1384, "end_char_pos": 1422}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", , , , and", "start_char_pos": 1423, "end_char_pos": 1423}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 67, 202, 411, 473, 565, 726, 874, 933, 978, 1057, 1425]} {"doc_id": "21631", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "With only one week to go till the German federal election , all polls say it's impossible to predict who will govern the country for the next four years (for the polls see end of article). Gerhard Schr\u00f6der today in Munich Angela Merkel's Christian Democrats (CDU) had headed the polls for over two years. Only three months ago, when chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der proclaimed he would seek early elections, a move that at the time was considered to be political suicide by many commentators, it seemed not unlikely that the CDU could even govern on its own, without an coalition partner. While their lead was slowly shrinking in the past few months, there was still a comfortable majority for a coalition with the Free Democrats (FDP). Then came the TV debate between Schr\u00f6der and Merkel. Commentators and newspaper editorials first thought it didn't have much impact. Sure, the \"Media chancellor\" Schr\u00f6der was widely considered to have performed better, but that was to be expected. And Merkel certainly wasn't as bad as Schr\u00f6der's Social Democrats (SPD) had hoped. Also the topics they talked about weren't really new. Every position they stated had already been printed and broadcasted over and over again. But something did happen. The CDU plunged between 2-3\\% in the various polls, while the SPD gained as much as 3.5\\%. Suddenly the black-yellow (named for the party colors of the CDU and FDP) majority was gone. But the current red-green (this time the colors of SPD and Greens ) coalition is even farther from reaching a majority because there is also the Left Party . The Left Party (or simply The Left) is essentially a renamed PDS, which in turn is the successor of the SED , the former ruling party of the GDR . It failed the 5\\% quorum in the 2002 election and currently only has two representatives in the Bundestag ; both won constituencies in East Berlin. The Left originally planned to merge with the WASG , a party mainly consisting of former SPD members who were disappointed by Schr\u00f6der's social reforms, before the election which would have been held in 2006. However, they were caught off guard by the early elections call, so candidates of the WASG for the Bundestag now run under The Left banner. One of them is Oskar Lafontaine . Oskar Lafontaine Lafontaine was the Party chair of the SPD. He was also the Finance minister in Schr\u00f6der's first government. But only a few months after the SPD got in power after 16 years of CDU government, he resigned in March 1999 from both the offices of minister and party chair, citing insurmountable political and personal differences with Schr\u00f6der. He largely stayed out of politics, writing only a few books and newspaper columns, but is now, along with Gregor Gysi , one of two front-runners of the Left Party. So, assuming neither black-yellow nor red-green reach a majority, what options are left? Maybe, the only remaining possibility is a grand coalition between the SPD and the CDU. But the differences between those two parties seem irreconcilable from today's viewpoint. There are radically different approaches in the fields of taxation, social and labor reforms to name only a few. Angela Merkel has recruited a jurist from the German constitutional court, Paul Kirchhof , to her team. Kirchhof plans to introduce a flat tax on income, 25\\% for everyone, and remove all tax exemptions. While the CDU doesn't want to go that far during the next four years, it has already named Kirchhof finance minister in the case they win the election. The SPD has blasted those plans as \"radically unsocial\" and instead plans to increase the taxes for wealthier people. Another hot topic is Germany's high unemployment. The CDU plans to abolish the dismissal protection of workers to give companies greater flexibilty in the hiring of their employees. Again, this is a no-go for the SPD. Various PollsPartyARDZDFFocusFAZ SPD 34,0 34,0 34,5 32, 7CDU / CSU 41,0 41,0 40,5 41, 5Greens 7,0 7,0 7,0 7, 2FDP 6,5 7,0 7,0 7, 0The Left 8,5 8,0 8,0 8,9 But the two parties won't even speculate about this option. Both ruled out a coalition with each other. Nonetheless, 35\\% of all Germans think this coalition would be the best for the nation, a survey by the ZDF shows. That is still more than the 31\\% who would favor a black-yellow coalition and 17\\% who want a continuation of the current red-green government. So, Germans have to wait for the 18th of September to know who will govern them for the next four years. But then again, it might even take two weeks longer because a by-election is required in Dresden, after a candidate died. And if it gets even closer than the aforementioned polls suggest, Germany will have to wait till October 2nd for a new, or the old government. ", "after_revision": "With only one week to go till the , all polls say it's impossible to predict who will govern the country for the next four years (for the polls see end of article). Gerhard Schr\u00f6der today in 's (CDU) had headed the polls for over two years. Only three months ago, when chancellor proclaimed he would seek early elections, a move that at the time was considered to be political suicide by many commentators, it seemed not unlikely that the CDU could even govern on its own, without an coalition partner. While their lead was slowly shrinking in the past few months, there was still a comfortable majority for a coalition with the (FDP). Then came the TV debate between Schr\u00f6der and Merkel. Commentators and newspaper editorials first thought it didn't have much impact. Sure, the \"Media chancellor\" Schr\u00f6der was widely considered to have performed better, but that was to be expected. And Merkel certainly wasn't as bad as Schr\u00f6der's (SPD) had hoped. Also the topics they talked about weren't really new. Every position they stated had already been printed and broadcasted over and over again. But something did happen. The CDU plunged between 2-3\\% in the various polls, while the SPD gained as much as 3.5\\%. Suddenly the black-yellow (named for the party colors of the CDU and FDP) majority was gone. But the current red-green (this time the colors of SPD and ) coalition is even farther from reaching a majority because there is also the . The Left Party (or simply The Left) is essentially a renamed PDS, which in turn is the successor of the , the former ruling party of the . It failed the 5\\% quorum in the 2002 election and currently only has two representatives in the ; both won constituencies in East Berlin. The Left originally planned to merge with the , a party mainly consisting of former SPD members who were disappointed by Schr\u00f6der's social reforms, before the election which would have been held in 2006. However, they were caught off guard by the early elections call, so candidates of the WASG for the Bundestag now run under The Left banner. One of them is . Oskar Lafontaine Lafontaine was the Party chair of the SPD. He was also the Finance minister in Schr\u00f6der's first government. But only a few months after the SPD got in power after 16 years of CDU government, he resigned in March 1999 from both the offices of minister and party chair, citing insurmountable political and personal differences with Schr\u00f6der. He largely stayed out of politics, writing only a few books and newspaper columns, but is now, along with , one of two front-runners of the Left Party. So, assuming neither black-yellow nor red-green reach a majority, what options are left? Maybe, the only remaining possibility is a grand coalition between the SPD and the CDU. But the differences between those two parties seem irreconcilable from today's viewpoint. There are radically different approaches in the fields of taxation, social and labor reforms to name only a few. Angela Merkel has recruited a jurist from the German constitutional court, , to her team. Kirchhof plans to introduce a on income, 25\\% for everyone, and remove all tax exemptions. While the CDU doesn't want to go that far during the next four years, it has already named Kirchhof finance minister in the case they win the election. The SPD has blasted those plans as \"radically unsocial\" and instead plans to increase the taxes for wealthier people. Another hot topic is Germany's high unemployment. The CDU plans to abolish the dismissal protection of workers to give companies greater flexibilty in the hiring of their employees. Again, this is a no-go for the SPD. Various PollsPartyFocus 34,0 34,0 34,5 32, 7 / 41,0 41,0 40,5 41, 5 7,0 7,0 7,0 7, 2 6,5 7,0 7,0 7, 0 8,5 8,0 8,0 8,9 But the two parties won't even speculate about this option. Both ruled out a coalition with each other. Nonetheless, 35\\% of all Germans think this coalition would be the best for the nation, a survey by the ZDF shows. That is still more than the 31\\% who would favor a black-yellow coalition and 17\\% who want a continuation of the current red-green government. So, Germans have to wait for the 18th of September to know who will govern them for the next four years. But then again, it might even take two weeks longer because a by-election is required in Dresden, after a candidate died. And if it gets even closer than the aforementioned polls suggest, Germany will have to wait till October 2nd for a new, or the old government. Related news", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "German federal election", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 34, "end_char_pos": 57}, {"type": "R", "before": "Munich Angela Merkel's Christian Democrats", "after": "'s", "start_char_pos": 215, "end_char_pos": 257}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gerhard Schr\u00f6der", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 344, "end_char_pos": 360}, {"type": "D", "before": "Free Democrats", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 710, "end_char_pos": 724}, {"type": "D", "before": "Social Democrats", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1029, "end_char_pos": 1045}, {"type": "D", "before": "Greens", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1475, "end_char_pos": 1481}, {"type": "D", "before": "Left Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1561, "end_char_pos": 1571}, {"type": "D", "before": "SED", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1678, "end_char_pos": 1681}, {"type": "D", "before": "GDR", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1715, "end_char_pos": 1718}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bundestag", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1817, "end_char_pos": 1826}, {"type": "D", "before": "WASG", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1915, "end_char_pos": 1919}, {"type": "D", "before": "Oskar Lafontaine", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2233, "end_char_pos": 2249}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gregor Gysi", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2715, "end_char_pos": 2726}, {"type": "D", "before": "Paul Kirchhof", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3228, "end_char_pos": 3241}, {"type": "D", "before": "flat tax", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3287, "end_char_pos": 3295}, {"type": "R", "before": "PollsPartyARDZDFFocusFAZ SPD", "after": "PollsPartyFocus", "start_char_pos": 3853, "end_char_pos": 3881}, {"type": "R", "before": "7CDU", "after": "7", "start_char_pos": 3901, "end_char_pos": 3905}, {"type": "D", "before": "CSU", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3908, "end_char_pos": 3911}, {"type": "R", "before": "5Greens", "after": "5", "start_char_pos": 3931, "end_char_pos": 3938}, {"type": "R", "before": "2FDP", "after": "2", "start_char_pos": 3954, "end_char_pos": 3958}, {"type": "R", "before": "0The Left", "after": "0", "start_char_pos": 3974, "end_char_pos": 3983}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Related news", "start_char_pos": 4733, "end_char_pos": 4733}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 188, 304, 583, 731, 784, 864, 979, 1062, 1116, 1205, 1231, 1322, 1415, 1573, 1828, 1868, 2077, 2217, 2251, 2311, 2376, 2608, 2772, 2861, 2949, 3039, 3152, 3256, 3356, 3508, 3626, 3676, 3808, 4059, 4103, 4218, 4362, 4467, 4589]} {"doc_id": "221152", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Under the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu-Dhabi 's floodlights, German driver Sebastian Vettel added a new Formula One record to his list as youngest winner of the championship at 23 years. On Saturday, Vettel took the title at the final race of this year's competition . Starting from pole position, the Red Bull Racing driver led the race right through except during pit stops, when reigning world champion Jenson Button led for a few laps. Sebastian Vettel is the youngest Formula-1 world champion at the age of 23 years Championship leader Fernando Alonso started the race 11 points ahead of Mark Webber . With 25 points for a win, 18 for second and 15 for third, the Spaniard only needed to finish second to secure his third world championship. With a 15-point lag behind Alonso, Sebastian Vettel was third in the championship standings; winning the championship depended on neither Alonso nor Webber finishing on the podium. A major accident between Michael Schumacher and Vintantonio Liuzzi on the first lap of the race triggered deployment of the safety car . Alonso and Webber were among drivers who decided to make earlier than planned pit stops while racing was resricted. However, they rejoined the track behind the Renault of Vitaly Petrov , who proved extremely difficult to overtake. Both remained stuck behind Petrov for the remainder of the race, finishing 7th and 8th respectively to score 6 and 4 points. Sebastian Vettel went on to win the race ahead of the two McLarens of Lewis Hamilton and Jenson Button , scoring 25 championship points to give a total of 256 - only 4 ahead of Alonso. In 2007, he replaced an injured Robert Kubica in the United States Grand Prix . Finishing 8th and collecting one championship point; this his first record was youngest driver to score a point in F1. In 2008, Vettel had the opportunity to race for a full season with Toro Rosso , winning what remains that team's only race victory. At the Italian Grand Prix , he became the youngest driver to qualify in pole position and youngest race winner. In 2009, he moved to Red Bull Racing , scoring that team\u2019s first pole position and first race victory. He went on to finish second in the world championship.", "after_revision": "Under the in 's floodlights, German driver added a new Formula One record to his list as youngest winner of the championship at 23 years. On Saturday, Vettel took the title at of . Starting from pole position, the driver led the race right through except during pit stops, when reigning world champion led for a few laps. Sebastian Vettel is the youngest Formula-1 world champion at the age of 23 years Championship leader started the race 11 points ahead of . With 25 points for a win, 18 for second and 15 for third, the Spaniard only needed to finish second to secure his third world championship. With a 15-point lag behind Alonso, Sebastian Vettel was third in the championship standings; winning the championship depended on neither Alonso nor Webber finishing on the podium. A major accident between and on the first lap of the race triggered deployment of the . Alonso and Webber were among drivers who decided to make earlier than planned pit stops while racing was resricted. However, they rejoined the track behind the of , who proved extremely difficult to overtake. Both remained stuck behind Petrov for the remainder of the race, finishing 7th and 8th respectively to score 6 and 4 points. Sebastian Vettel went on to win the race ahead of the two of and , scoring 25 championship points to give a total of 256 - only 4 ahead of Alonso. In 2007, he replaced an injured in the . Finishing 8th and collecting one championship point; this his first record was youngest driver to score a point in F1. In 2008, Vettel had the opportunity to race for a full season with , winning what remains that team's only race victory. At the , he became the youngest driver to qualify in pole position and youngest race winner. In 2009, he moved to , scoring that team\u2019s first pole position and first race victory. He went on to finish second in the world championship.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Yas Marina Circuit in Abu-Dhabi", "after": "in", "start_char_pos": 10, "end_char_pos": 41}, {"type": "D", "before": "Sebastian Vettel", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 72, "end_char_pos": 88}, {"type": "R", "before": "the final race of this year's competition", "after": "of", "start_char_pos": 222, "end_char_pos": 263}, {"type": "D", "before": "Red Bull Racing", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 299, "end_char_pos": 314}, {"type": "D", "before": "Jenson Button", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 403, "end_char_pos": 416}, {"type": "D", "before": "Fernando Alonso", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 538, "end_char_pos": 553}, {"type": "D", "before": "Mark Webber", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 590, "end_char_pos": 601}, {"type": "R", "before": "Michael Schumacher and Vintantonio Liuzzi", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 950, "end_char_pos": 991}, {"type": "D", "before": "safety car", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1049, "end_char_pos": 1059}, {"type": "R", "before": "Renault of Vitaly Petrov", "after": "of", "start_char_pos": 1222, "end_char_pos": 1246}, {"type": "R", "before": "McLarens of Lewis Hamilton and Jenson Button", "after": "of and", "start_char_pos": 1476, "end_char_pos": 1520}, {"type": "R", "before": "Robert Kubica in the United States Grand Prix", "after": "in the", "start_char_pos": 1635, "end_char_pos": 1680}, {"type": "D", "before": "Toro Rosso", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1869, "end_char_pos": 1879}, {"type": "D", "before": "Italian Grand Prix", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1941, "end_char_pos": 1959}, {"type": "D", "before": "Red Bull Racing", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2067, "end_char_pos": 2082}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 183, 436, 603, 743, 836, 924, 1177, 1292, 1417, 1602, 1682, 1735, 1801, 1933, 2045, 2148]} {"doc_id": "221861", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "All flights in and out of Birmingham Airport have been diverted or suspended until at least noon local time after a business jet carrying an organ for transplantation crashed on approach to the airport in Birmingham, England, during heavy fog. Two people were injured in the accident, one seriously. A spokesperson for the airport said: \"We can confirm that an incident has occurred involving a private Cessna aircraft. The incident occurred on arrival into the airport and the emergency services are in attendance.\" A Cessna Citation 501 aircraft similar to the aircraft involved in the crash at Birmingham Airport, Birmingham , England. Reports suggested that smoke was seen rising from the aircraft, which came down at the end of the runway. West Midlands Police Chief Inspector Matt Markham confirmed that the aircraft was carrying an organ for transplantation, but said that it was undamaged in the accident and it had been taken from the aircraft. Later reports suggested that the liver had been transported to Queen Elizabeth Hospital , where the operation was being carried out. Another eyewitness said that she saw two fire engines on the scene in the immediate aftermath of the crash; a spokesperson for the West Midlands Ambulance Service added that paramedics were at the site of the accident. Reports suggested that the smoking aircraft came to a halt to the right of the runway after crashing into an instrument landing system beacon. Images of the airport taken around the time of the accident showed that the airport was shrouded in thick fog. Sky News reported that the aircraft was approaching the runway at an \"odd angle\", before it \"skidded\" and caught fire. The spokesperson for Birmingham Airport added: \"The airport is currently closed. If you are due to travel to the airport this evening, please contact your airline for further guidance and do not come to the airport at this time. No further information is available at the moment.\"", "after_revision": "All flights in and out of have been diverted or suspended until at least noon local time after a carrying an crashed on approach to the airport in Birmingham, England, during heavy fog. Two people were injured in the accident, one seriously. A spokesperson for the airport said: \"We can confirm that an incident has occurred involving a private aircraft. The incident occurred on arrival into the airport and the emergency services are in attendance.\" A aircraft similar to the aircraft involved in the crash at , , England. Reports suggested that smoke was seen rising from the aircraft, which came down at the end of the runway. Chief Inspector Matt Markham confirmed that the aircraft was carrying an organ for transplantation, but said that it was undamaged in the accident and it had been taken from the aircraft. Later reports suggested that the had been transported to , where the operation was being carried out. Another eyewitness said that she saw two fire engines on the scene in the immediate aftermath of the crash; a spokesperson for the w| West Midlands Ambulance Service added that paramedics were at the site of the accident. Reports suggested that the smoking aircraft came to a halt to the right of the runway after crashing into an beacon. Images of the airport taken around the time of the accident showed that the airport was shrouded in thick fog. reported that the aircraft was approaching the runway at an \"odd angle\", before it \"skidded\" and caught fire. The spokesperson for Birmingham Airport added: \"The airport is currently closed. If you are due to travel to the airport this evening, please contact your airline for further guidance and do not come to the airport at this time. No further information is available at the moment.\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Birmingham Airport", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 26, "end_char_pos": 44}, {"type": "R", "before": "business jet carrying an organ for transplantation", "after": "carrying an", "start_char_pos": 116, "end_char_pos": 166}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cessna", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 403, "end_char_pos": 409}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cessna Citation 501", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 519, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "D", "before": "Birmingham Airport, Birmingham", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 597, "end_char_pos": 627}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 630, "end_char_pos": 630}, {"type": "D", "before": "West Midlands Police", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 746, "end_char_pos": 766}, {"type": "D", "before": "liver", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 988, "end_char_pos": 993}, {"type": "D", "before": "Queen Elizabeth Hospital", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1018, "end_char_pos": 1042}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "w|", "start_char_pos": 1219, "end_char_pos": 1219}, {"type": "D", "before": "instrument landing system", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1417, "end_char_pos": 1442}, {"type": "D", "before": "Sky News", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1562, "end_char_pos": 1570}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 243, 299, 419, 516, 639, 745, 954, 1087, 1195, 1307, 1450, 1561, 1680, 1761, 1909]} {"doc_id": "226323", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Much of the interior of New South Wales, Australia continues to be affected by floods caused by heavy rains. With more rain predicted, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology has issued a flood watch for all western flowing rivers in New South Wales from the Namoi River in the north of the state to the Murrumbidgee River in the south. Coonamble , in the central-western plains district of New South Wales, has been isolated by major flooding of the Castlereagh River . The State Emergency Service estimates that around 2,760 people are currently trapped in Coonamble. Mudgee, Canowindra, Eugowra, Dubbo, Wellington, and Young have also been severely affected. Like many river crossings in inland New South Wales, this low-level bridge in Bathurst is closed due to flooding. A number of major highways in Western districts of the state have been closed or had diversions put in place, including the Newell Highway near Mirrool Bridge, the Castlereagh Highway between Gilgandra and Walgett, the Oxley Highway between Gilgandra and Warren, and the Lachlan Valley Way between 28km north of Cowra and 6km South Of Gooloogong . A number of local roads have also been affected. Evacuation orders have been issued for parts of Wagga Wagga and parts of Coonamble due to flooding.", "after_revision": "Much of the interior of New South Wales, Australia continues to be affected by floods caused by heavy rains. With more rain predicted, the has issued a flood watch for all western flowing rivers in New South Wales from the in the north of the state to the in the south. , in the central-western plains district of New South Wales, has been isolated by major flooding of the . The State Emergency Service estimates that around 2,760 people are currently trapped in Coonamble. , , , , , and have also been severely affected. Like many river crossings in inland New South Wales, this low-level bridge in is closed due to flooding. A number of major highways in Western districts of the state have been closed or had diversions put in place, including the near Mirrool Bridge, the between and , the between Gilgandra and Warren, and the between 28km north of and 6km South Of . A number of local roads have also been affected. Evacuation orders have been issued for parts of and parts of Coonamble due to flooding.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Australian Bureau of Meteorology", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 139, "end_char_pos": 171}, {"type": "D", "before": "Namoi River", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 256, "end_char_pos": 267}, {"type": "D", "before": "Murrumbidgee River", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 301, "end_char_pos": 319}, {"type": "D", "before": "Coonamble", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 334, "end_char_pos": 343}, {"type": "D", "before": "Castlereagh River", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 448, "end_char_pos": 465}, {"type": "R", "before": "Mudgee, Canowindra, Eugowra, Dubbo, Wellington, and Young", "after": ", , , , , and", "start_char_pos": 567, "end_char_pos": 624}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bathurst", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 737, "end_char_pos": 745}, {"type": "D", "before": "Newell Highway", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 897, "end_char_pos": 911}, {"type": "D", "before": "Castlereagh Highway between Gilgandra and Walgett, the Oxley Highway", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 937, "end_char_pos": 1005}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "and , the between", "start_char_pos": 1014, "end_char_pos": 1014}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lachlan Valley Way", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1045, "end_char_pos": 1063}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cowra", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1086, "end_char_pos": 1091}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gooloogong", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1109, "end_char_pos": 1119}, {"type": "D", "before": "Wagga Wagga", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1219, "end_char_pos": 1230}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 108, 333, 467, 566, 658, 772, 1121, 1170]} {"doc_id": "227061", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "In a ruling issued Tuesday a United States federal judge dismissed a lawsuit which attempted to stop the U.S. government from selecting Anwar al-Awlaki for targeted killing . Anwar al-Awlaki in 2008 John D. Bates, United States federal judge for the United States District Court for the District of Columbia , wrote in his opinion that the lawsuit was a \"unique and extraordinary case\" which brought up questions over whether the government had the authority to strategize over killing its own citizens without a previous criminal justice process undertaken. Judge Bates ruled for the United States Department of Justice , and held that various civil rights organizations in addition to Awlaki's father did not have the authority or jurisdiction to start the lawsuit in the first place. Awlaki's father was supported in the case by two civil rights organizations, the Center for Constitutional Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union. In the lawsuit these organizations argued before the court that targeted killing of an individual who does not present an imminent threat of life to citizens is not permitted by international law or by the United States Constitution . Awlaki was born in New Mexico. Yemeni law enforcement officials in November charged Awlaki with connections to Al-Qaeda, and ordered him to be arrested \"by any means possible\". U.S. officials have identified Awlaki as an influential leader within the Islamist terrorist organization Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). Awlaki has made statements where he encouraged individuals of Muslim faith to murder U.S. citizens. According to Associated Press, Awlaki is located in Yemen. He has been linked to terrorist incidents in the United States including the Fort Hood shooting , the attempted bombing of Northwest Airlines Flight 253 , and the Cargo planes bomb plot . AP reported that it received confirmation from Obama administration officials that, \"al-Awlaki is on a capture or kill list\"; and Agence France-Presse received similar statements from U.S. representatives. However, during the actual process of the Awlaki lawsuit in court, government representatives refused to confirm or deny whether this was the case. The U.S. government put forth the notion during the case that the court did not have jurisdiction to review actions of the President of the United States , due to the fact that the President's choices are intended in a setting of war to prevent the loss of lives of U.S. citizens stemming from acts of terrorism.", "after_revision": "In a ruling issued Tuesday a United States federal judge dismissed a lawsuit which attempted to stop the U.S. government from selecting Anwar al-Awlaki for . in 2008 , for the , wrote in his opinion that the lawsuit was a \"unique and extraordinary case\" which brought up questions over whether the government had the authority to strategize over killing its own citizens without a previous criminal justice process undertaken. Judge Bates ruled for the , and held that various civil rights organizations in addition to Awlaki's father did not have the authority or jurisdiction to start the lawsuit in the first place. Awlaki's father was supported in the case by two civil rights organizations, the and the American Civil Liberties Union. In the lawsuit these organizations argued before the court that targeted killing of an individual who does not present an imminent threat of life to citizens is not permitted by international law or by the . Awlaki was born in New Mexico. Yemeni law enforcement officials in November charged Awlaki with connections to Al-Qaeda, and ordered him to be arrested \"by any means possible\". U.S. officials have identified Awlaki as an influential leader within the terrorist organization (AQAP). Awlaki has made statements where he encouraged individuals of faith to murder U.S. citizens. According to Associated Press, Awlaki is located in Yemen. He has been linked to terrorist incidents in the United States including the , the attempted bombing of , and the . AP reported that it received confirmation from officials that, \"al-Awlaki is on a capture or kill list\"; and received similar statements from U.S. representatives. However, during the actual process of the Awlaki lawsuit in court, government representatives refused to confirm or deny whether this was the case. The U.S. government put forth the notion during the case that the court did not have jurisdiction to review actions of the , due to the fact that the President's choices are intended in a setting of war to prevent the loss of lives of U.S. citizens stemming from acts of terrorism.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "targeted killing", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 156, "end_char_pos": 172}, {"type": "D", "before": "Anwar al-Awlaki", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 175, "end_char_pos": 190}, {"type": "D", "before": "John D. Bates, United States federal judge for the United States District Court for the District of Columbia", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 199, "end_char_pos": 307}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "for the ,", "start_char_pos": 310, "end_char_pos": 310}, {"type": "D", "before": "United States Department of Justice", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 586, "end_char_pos": 621}, {"type": "D", "before": "Center for Constitutional Rights", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 869, "end_char_pos": 901}, {"type": "D", "before": "United States Constitution", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1148, "end_char_pos": 1174}, {"type": "R", "before": "Islamist terrorist organization Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula", "after": "terrorist organization", "start_char_pos": 1428, "end_char_pos": 1493}, {"type": "D", "before": "Muslim", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1564, "end_char_pos": 1570}, {"type": "D", "before": "Fort Hood shooting", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1738, "end_char_pos": 1756}, {"type": "D", "before": "Northwest Airlines Flight 253", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1784, "end_char_pos": 1813}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cargo planes bomb plot", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1824, "end_char_pos": 1846}, {"type": "D", "before": "Obama administration", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1896, "end_char_pos": 1916}, {"type": "D", "before": "Agence France-Presse", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1979, "end_char_pos": 1999}, {"type": "D", "before": "President of the United States", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2326, "end_char_pos": 2356}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 174, 559, 787, 941, 1176, 1207, 1353, 1501, 1601, 1660, 1848, 1974, 2054, 2202]} {"doc_id": "232511", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "A memorial service was held Thursday for Adrienne Nicole Martin, the model found dead two weeks ago in the Missouri, US mansion of former Anheuser-Busch CEO August Busch IV . Martin, of Native American ethnicity, was 27 years old when she died of unknown causes, said investigators. A promotional image of Adrienne Martin from her iStudio.com profile Martin, who had been dating the 46-year-old Busch for \"the last several months\" according to friends, was a native of Springfield . She had previously been married to 45-year-old doctor Kevin J. Martin until February 2009, when they divorced, and had joint custody of their eight-year-old son. Adrienne Martin had a profile on iStudio, a modeling website, where she said she wanted to become an art therapist . She also expressed a desire to \"to do beer advertising\" and work in the modeling industry. At the time of her death, Martin had been working toward a master's degree in art therapy. The memorial service for Martin was held at South Haven Baptist Church in Springfield. Busch was not among the estimated 100 people attending the service, nor was he mentioned during it. The only speaker was the church's pastor, Scott Watson, who read letters from Martin's friends. Her son and other relatives sat in the front row while she was remembered as a gifted artist and dedicated mother. Lacy Elet, one of Martin's friends, later said Martin was happy that \"her life was finally in order.\" Her obituary in the Springfield News-Leader called Busch \"the love of her life.\" However, one of Martin's uncles, Andy Eby, said after the service, \"There are too many questions and not enough answers.\" Martin was found unconscious by Michael Jung, who worked at Busch's mansion, at 12:30 p.m. local time (18:30 UTC ) on December 19. At 1:12 p.m., Jung called emergency services, saying, \"This girl's just not waking up.\" When asked if she was breathing, Jung responded with, \"We don't know. It's dark back there. I'm gonna get a light and try and see.\" At 1:26 p.m., Martin was pronounced dead at the scene by emergency workers. Law enforcement officials said the room was dark because there were blackout \"curtains drawn in the bedroom.\" An autopsy on Martin's body did not find any trauma-related injuries, and the official cause of death has not been established by investigators. A toxicology report, expected to take several weeks, will likely be used to determine the reason Martin died. Police said Martin's body did not exhibit any \"apparent signs of trauma or other indications of cause of death.\" According to her ex-husband, Adrienne Martin had a rare heart condition, called Long QT syndrome , which can cause palpitations and sudden cardiac death . Kevin Martin said his ex-wife never sought medical advice on her condition and did not talk about it with friends. Police said that Busch was home at the US 2 million mansion when Martin was discovered, and that the ongoing investigation is being handled by the Frontenac Police Department and the St. Louis County Medical Examiner's Office. Art Margulis, a lawyer for August Busch IV, said Martin was visiting the Huntleigh residence and that there is \"absolutely nothing suspicious\" surrounding her death.", "after_revision": "A memorial service was held Thursday for Adrienne Nicole Martin, the model found dead two weeks ago in the Missouri, US mansion of former CEO . Martin, of Native American ethnicity, was 27 years old when she died of unknown causes, said investigators. A promotional image of Adrienne Martin from her iStudio.com profile Martin, who had been dating the 46-year-old Busch for \"the last several months\" according to friends, was a native of . She had previously been married to 45-year-old doctor Kevin J. Martin until February 2009, when they divorced, and had joint custody of their eight-year-old son. Adrienne Martin had a profile on iStudio, a modeling website, where she said she wanted to become an . She also expressed a desire to \"to do beer advertising\" and work in the modeling industry. At the time of her death, Martin had been working toward a master's degree in art therapy. The memorial service for Martin was held at South Haven Baptist Church in Springfield. Busch was not among the estimated 100 people attending the service, nor was he mentioned during it. The only speaker was the church's pastor, Scott Watson, who read letters from Martin's friends. Her son and other relatives sat in the front row while she was remembered as a gifted artist and dedicated mother. Lacy Elet, one of Martin's friends, later said Martin was happy that \"her life was finally in order.\" Her obituary in the called Busch \"the love of her life.\" However, one of Martin's uncles, Andy Eby, said after the service, \"There are too many questions and not enough answers.\" Martin was found unconscious by Michael Jung, who worked at Busch's mansion, at 12:30 p.m. (18:30 ) on December 19. At 1:12 p.m., Jung called emergency services, saying, \"This girl's just not waking up.\" When asked if she was breathing, Jung responded with, \"We don't know. It's dark back there. I'm gonna get a light and try and see.\" At 1:26 p.m., Martin was pronounced dead at the scene by emergency workers. Law enforcement officials said the room was dark because there were blackout \"curtains drawn in the bedroom.\" An on Martin's body did not find any trauma-related injuries, and the official cause of death has not been established by investigators. A report, expected to take several weeks, will likely be used to determine the reason Martin died. Police said Martin's body did not exhibit any \"apparent signs of trauma or other indications of cause of death.\" According to her ex-husband, Adrienne Martin had a rare heart condition, called , which can cause and . Kevin Martin said his ex-wife never sought medical advice on her condition and did not talk about it with friends. Police said that Busch was home at the 2 million mansion when Martin was discovered, and that the ongoing investigation is being handled by the Police Department and the Medical Examiner's Office. Art Margulis, a lawyer for August Busch IV, said Martin was visiting the residence and that there is \"absolutely nothing suspicious\" surrounding her death.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Anheuser-Busch CEO August Busch IV", "after": "CEO", "start_char_pos": 138, "end_char_pos": 172}, {"type": "D", "before": "Springfield", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 469, "end_char_pos": 480}, {"type": "D", "before": "art therapist", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 746, "end_char_pos": 759}, {"type": "D", "before": "Springfield News-Leader", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1464, "end_char_pos": 1487}, {"type": "D", "before": "local time", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1738, "end_char_pos": 1748}, {"type": "D", "before": "UTC", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1756, "end_char_pos": 1759}, {"type": "D", "before": "autopsy", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2187, "end_char_pos": 2194}, {"type": "D", "before": "toxicology", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2331, "end_char_pos": 2341}, {"type": "D", "before": "Long QT syndrome", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2632, "end_char_pos": 2648}, {"type": "R", "before": "palpitations and sudden cardiac death", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 2667, "end_char_pos": 2704}, {"type": "D", "before": "US", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2861, "end_char_pos": 2863}, {"type": "D", "before": "Frontenac", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2969, "end_char_pos": 2978}, {"type": "D", "before": "St. Louis County", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3005, "end_char_pos": 3021}, {"type": "D", "before": "Huntleigh", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3122, "end_char_pos": 3131}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 282, 482, 644, 761, 852, 943, 1030, 1130, 1226, 1341, 1443, 1524, 1646, 1777, 1865, 1935, 1957, 1997, 2073, 2183, 2328, 2438, 2551, 2821, 3048]} {"doc_id": "234970", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The seal of the CIA Jeffrey Alexander Sterling, an ex-officer of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), was taken into custody Thursday by federal agents in St. Louis , Missouri. He was indicted on six separate counts of unauthorized disclosure of national defense information, as well as four additional charges: mail fraud , unlawfully keeping national defense information, obstruction of justice , and unauthorized conveyance of government property. Sterling, aged 43, had been employed by the CIA from May 1993 until he was fired in January 2002. During his arraignment , a judge declared that he would be held until a Monday hearing because the government called him a danger to the community. Sterling, an African American lawyer who lives in O'Fallon , allegedly provided classified information to New York Times reporter James Risen , some of which was incorporated into Risen's 2006 State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration . Risen, who wrote about the CIA's involvement in Iran's nuclear program, has not named any of his sources even after being subpeonaed twice; Risen was not explicitly named in Sterling's indictment, but his involvement in the alleged leak is strongly supported by its contents, and a US government official confirmed the connection to NBC News . Edward B. MacMahon Jr., a Virginia attorney for Sterling, said, \"He has always maintained his innocence throughout the course of this entire investigation. We'll seek to prove that in court.\" MacMahon also said trial will be held at a U.S. District Court in Alexandria , as the case began in that state. Every charge against Sterling comes with the possibility of 10\u201320 years of jail time. US Assistant Attorney General Lanny Breuer made a statement, saying that \"Sterling placed at risk our national security and the life of an individual working on a classified mission.\" A spokesperson for the CIA said, \"Separate and apart from any specific instance, including this matter involving a former agency officer who left the CIA years ago, we take very seriously the unauthorized disclosure of classified information.\" The New York Times did not comment on the matter. The Obama administration has already taken action in several similar leaks involving government officers. The administration has also initiated an investigation into Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks, after the site's release of thousands of classified documents. ", "after_revision": "The seal of the CIA Jeffrey Alexander Sterling, an ex-officer of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), was taken into custody Thursday by federal agents in , Missouri. He was indicted on six separate counts of unauthorized disclosure of national defense information, as well as four additional charges: , unlawfully keeping national defense information, , and unauthorized conveyance of government property. Sterling, aged 43, had been employed by the CIA from May 1993 until he was fired in January 2002. During his , a judge declared that he would be held until a Monday hearing because the government called him a danger to the community. Sterling, an African American lawyer who lives in , allegedly provided classified information to reporter , some of which was incorporated into Risen's 2006 . Risen, who wrote about the CIA's involvement in Iran's nuclear program, has not named any of his sources even after being twice; Risen was not explicitly named in Sterling's indictment, but his involvement in the alleged leak is strongly supported by its contents, and a US government official confirmed the connection to . Edward B. MacMahon Jr., a Virginia attorney for Sterling, said, \"He has always maintained his innocence throughout the course of this entire investigation. We'll seek to prove that in court.\" MacMahon also said trial will be held at a in , as the case began in that state. Every charge against Sterling comes with the possibility of 10\u201320 years of jail time. made a statement, saying that \"Sterling placed at risk our national security and the life of an individual working on a classified mission.\" A spokesperson for the CIA said, \"Separate and apart from any specific instance, including this matter involving a former agency officer who left the CIA years ago, we take very seriously the unauthorized disclosure of classified information.\" The New York Times did not comment on the matter. The has already taken action in several similar leaks involving government officers. The administration has also initiated an investigation into Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks, after the site's release of thousands of classified documents. Related news", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "St. Louis", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 157, "end_char_pos": 166}, {"type": "D", "before": "mail fraud", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 314, "end_char_pos": 324}, {"type": "D", "before": "obstruction of justice", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 376, "end_char_pos": 398}, {"type": "D", "before": "arraignment", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 562, "end_char_pos": 573}, {"type": "D", "before": "O'Fallon", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 749, "end_char_pos": 757}, {"type": "R", "before": "New York Times reporter James Risen", "after": "reporter", "start_char_pos": 805, "end_char_pos": 840}, {"type": "D", "before": "State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 892, "end_char_pos": 963}, {"type": "D", "before": "subpeonaed", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1088, "end_char_pos": 1098}, {"type": "D", "before": "NBC News", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1299, "end_char_pos": 1307}, {"type": "R", "before": "U.S. District Court in Alexandria", "after": "in", "start_char_pos": 1545, "end_char_pos": 1578}, {"type": "D", "before": "US Assistant Attorney General Lanny Breuer", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1700, "end_char_pos": 1742}, {"type": "D", "before": "Obama administration", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2182, "end_char_pos": 2202}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Related news", "start_char_pos": 2445, "end_char_pos": 2445}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 178, 452, 550, 698, 1105, 1465, 1501, 1613, 1699, 1883, 2127, 2177, 2283]} {"doc_id": "236246", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The original iPhone 4 In a Tuesday media event, Verizon Wireless announced it had reached an agreement with Apple Inc. and would begin selling a CDMA version of the iPhone 4 beginning early February. The move means the end of rival company AT T 's status as the only official US carrier of the iPhone, a status it held since the first iPhone debuted in 2007. The press conference, held in New York City, was hosted by Verizon's president, Lowell McAdam , Apple's chief operating officer, Tim Cook , and Verizon Wireless' chief executive officer, Dan Mead. Neither Verizon Communications CEO Ivan Seidenberg nor Apple CEO Steve Jobs attended the conference. During the event, McAdam said, \"If the press writes something long enough and hard enough, it eventually comes true. We're bringing the fruit of our labor with a giant partner, and that's Apple.\" Such a partnership had been rumored for years, and the amount of speculation grew over the past few months. iPhone 4 pre-orders for current Verizon users begin February 3, and a public release is scheduled for February 10. The \"Verizon iPhone,\" as it has been dubbed for months, has been altered from the original iPhone 4 so it can utilize Verizon's 3G CDMA (code division multiple access) network. This means, however, that Verizon iPhone users will not be able to use the company's 4G LTE (long term evolution) network, and will thus be unable to make calls and access the Internet at the same time. Cook told the audience that the LTE hardware was not ready yet, saying, \"The first generation LTE chip sets force some design compromises, some of which we would not make. Secondly\u2014and most importantly\u2014Verizon Wireless customers have told us they want the iPhone now.\" However, Verizon's iPhone 4 allows the user to create a personal Wi-Fi hotspot , which means up to five other wireless devices can connect to the Internet through the phone. Pricing was announced as US$199 for a 16 GB version and US$ 299 for a 32 GB version, both requiring two-year contracts\u2014the same cost for an AT&T iPhone 4. However, Verizon said it would not mention the cost of data plans at this time, with Mead saying, \"We talked about the device pricing, but we're not going to talk about the pricing for the network for that connectivity.\"", "after_revision": "The original iPhone 4 In a Tuesday media event, announced it had reached an agreement with Apple Inc. and would begin selling a version of the beginning early February. The move means the end of rival company 's status as the only official US carrier of the iPhone, a status it held since the first iPhone debuted in 2007. The press conference, held in New York City, was hosted by Verizon's president, , Apple's chief operating officer, , and Verizon Wireless' chief executive officer, . Neither CEO nor Apple CEO Steve Jobs attended the conference. During the event, McAdam said, \"If the press writes something long enough and hard enough, it eventually comes true. We're bringing the fruit of our labor with a giant partner, and that's Apple.\" Such a partnership had been rumored for years, and the amount of speculation grew over the past few months. iPhone 4 pre-orders for current Verizon users begin February 3, and a public release is scheduled for February 10. The \"Verizon iPhone,\" as it has been dubbed for months, has been altered from the original iPhone 4 so it can utilize Verizon's CDMA (code division multiple access) network. This means, however, that Verizon iPhone users will not be able to use the company's (long term evolution) network, and will thus be unable to make calls and access the Internet at the same time. Cook told the audience that the LTE hardware was not ready yet, saying, \"The first generation LTE chip sets force some design compromises, some of which we would not make. Secondly\u2014and most importantly\u2014Verizon Wireless customers have told us they want the iPhone now.\" However, Verizon's iPhone 4 allows the user to create a , which means up to five other wireless devices can connect to the Internet through the phone. Pricing was announced as 199 for a 16 version and US 299 for a 32 GB version, both requiring two-year contracts\u2014the same cost for an AT&T iPhone 4. However, Verizon said it would not mention the cost of data plans at this time, with Mead saying, \"We talked about the device pricing, but we're not going to talk about the pricing for the network for that connectivity.\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Verizon Wireless", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 48, "end_char_pos": 64}, {"type": "D", "before": "CDMA", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 145, "end_char_pos": 149}, {"type": "D", "before": "iPhone 4", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 165, "end_char_pos": 173}, {"type": "D", "before": "AT", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 240, "end_char_pos": 242}, {"type": "D", "before": "T", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 243, "end_char_pos": 244}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lowell McAdam", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 439, "end_char_pos": 452}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tim Cook", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 488, "end_char_pos": 496}, {"type": "R", "before": "Dan Mead. 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Fans travelled from as far afield as New York to join family, friends and politicians at the service after Rafferty died on January 4 at the age of 63 in Gloucestershire , England. Born on Underwood Lane in Glenburn, Paisley, Rafferty started performing in local folk clubs in the 1960s before teaming up with Billy Connolly to form The Humblebums . Rafferty performs in 1980 Rafferty went on to join with childhood friend Joe Egan to form Stealer's Wheel , achieving chart success in 1973 with Stuck In The Middle With You - a track which later resurfaced when it appeared on Quentin Tarantino film Reservoir Dogs . Rafferty achieved international fame with Baker Street in 1978. He ultimately sold over 10 million records and Baker Street alone earned him an estimated \u00a3 80,000 per year in royalties. Longterm friend John Byrne , an artist and playwright, delivered a eulogy. \"Gerald could be incredibly funny. There are so many occasions when he had me laughing helplessly. But what some people may not appreciate is the lyrics to his songs were incredible. He wrote hundreds and hundreds of songs and he is the greatest songwriter Scotland has ever produced. When I saw him a few weeks ago his body was weak but his spirit as strong as ever. He had a serenity about him that I thought was wonderful.\" Days before the musician died Byrne received a late-night phone call. \"Amongst the things he said, and the one that sticks in my mind and was germane to both of us, and we said it together, was: 'What does it profit a man if he gains the whole world, but loses his own soul?' I know that he went to meet his maker sober and unafraid, and fiercely curious and with enormous bravery.\" He concluded by saying \"He wasn't a saint, but then which of us are? I loved him dearly.\" Byrne designed album sleeves for Rafferty's music. Egan also spoke: \"We hadn't spoken for a couple of years, but that didn\u2019t really matter because we were so close. After all, we'd lived out of each other\u2019s pockets for years. But I'm sad. Really, really sad.\" Six of his family performed one of his songs unaccompanied at the service - his deceased brother Joe's children Neal, Brian, Eileen, Claire and Mark, and his daughter Martha. They sang Whatever's Written In Your Heart from his album City to City . \"We all used to sing this song in the house as a kid,\" Martha said. \"We loved singing his songs, and this one just seemed perfect for today.\" Father John Tormey led the Requiem Mass , saying Rafferty \"was very much aware of the spiritual element and you will find that in his songs.\" Tormey acknowledged the man's tendency to shun fame and attention, saying he \"shunned the trappings of fame and celebrity to be true to himself.\" Musicians attending included The Proclaimers, Robert Noakes and Graham Lyle. Proclaimer Craig Reid said \"Music was Gerry's passion. He said music is something that you have to pass on to other people. You don't own it and it goes through you. His music reflected that.\" The two worked together on the song Letter From America , which Rafferty produced. Craig's twin brother Charlie recalled \"Gerry was great for his refusal to sell out and his determination to do his own thing. This man was respected for what he did.\" The cathedral where Rafferty's funeral was held Rafferty spent his entire life dealing with alcohol use. Nor was this his only health problem: \"There have been periods in my life where I have experienced depression,\" he said in a recent interview. \"It has been through some of my darkest moments that I have written some of my best songs. For me, singing and writing is very therapeutic. It's much more effective than taking Prozac!\" Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond attended, as did Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) Hugh Henry, Wendy Alexander, Pauline McNeill and Robin Harper . Billy Connolly was unable to attend due to tour commitments in Australia. Raphael Ravenscroft , the saxophonist who famously played the main riff in Baker Street, recorded a track in Exeter to mark the occasion. After the funeral members of the public gave Rafferty his last applause as his cortege departed the cathedral, which is also a mile from Rafferty's former school, St Mirin's Academy . His body was taken for a private cremation.", "after_revision": "Scottish singer-songwriter 's funeral was held in on Friday. Over 400 turned out on the frosty morning as the man behind Baker Street was laid to rest in where he married - , less than a mile from his birthplace. Fans travelled from as far afield as New York to join family, friends and politicians at the service after Rafferty died on January 4 at the age of 63 in , England. Born on Underwood Lane in Glenburn, Paisley, Rafferty started performing in local folk clubs in the 1960s before teaming up with to form . Rafferty performs in 1980 Rafferty went on to join with childhood friend to form , achieving chart success in 1973 with - a track which later resurfaced when it appeared on film . Rafferty achieved international fame with Baker Street in 1978. He ultimately sold over 10 million records and Baker Street alone earned him an estimated 80,000 per year in royalties. Longterm friend , an artist and playwright, delivered a eulogy. \"Gerald could be incredibly funny. There are so many occasions when he had me laughing helplessly. But what some people may not appreciate is the lyrics to his songs were incredible. He wrote hundreds and hundreds of songs and he is the greatest songwriter Scotland has ever produced. When I saw him a few weeks ago his body was weak but his spirit as strong as ever. He had a serenity about him that I thought was wonderful.\" Days before the musician died Byrne received a late-night phone call. \"Amongst the things he said, and the one that sticks in my mind and was germane to both of us, and we said it together, was: 'What does it profit a man if he gains the whole world, but loses his own soul?' I know that he went to meet his maker sober and unafraid, and fiercely curious and with enormous bravery.\" He concluded by saying \"He wasn't a saint, but then which of us are? I loved him dearly.\" Byrne designed album sleeves for Rafferty's music. Egan also spoke: \"We hadn't spoken for a couple of years, but that didn\u2019t really matter because we were so close. After all, we'd lived out of each other\u2019s pockets for years. But I'm sad. Really, really sad.\" Six of his family performed one of his songs unaccompanied at the service - his deceased brother Joe's children Neal, Brian, Eileen, Claire and Mark, and his daughter Martha. They sang Whatever's Written In Your Heart from his album . \"We all used to sing this song in the house as a kid,\" Martha said. \"We loved singing his songs, and this one just seemed perfect for today.\" Father John Tormey led the , saying Rafferty \"was very much aware of the spiritual element and you will find that in his songs.\" Tormey acknowledged the man's tendency to shun fame and attention, saying he \"shunned the trappings of fame and celebrity to be true to himself.\" Musicians attending included , and . Proclaimer said \"Music was Gerry's passion. He said music is something that you have to pass on to other people. You don't own it and it goes through you. His music reflected that.\" The two worked together on the song , which Rafferty produced. Craig's twin brother w|Charlie Reid| Charlie recalled \"Gerry was great for his refusal to sell out and his determination to do his own thing. This man was respected for what he did.\" The cathedral where Rafferty's funeral was held Rafferty spent his entire life dealing with alcohol use. Nor was this his only health problem: \"There have been periods in my life where I have experienced depression,\" he said in a recent interview. \"It has been through some of my darkest moments that I have written some of my best songs. For me, singing and writing is very therapeutic. It's much more effective than taking Prozac!\" Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond attended, as did (MSPs) , , and . Billy Connolly was unable to attend due to tour commitments in Australia. , the saxophonist who famously played the main riff in Baker Street, recorded a track in to mark the occasion. After the funeral members of the public gave Rafferty his last applause as his cortege departed the cathedral, which is also a mile from Rafferty's former school, . His body was taken for a private cremation.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Gerry Rafferty", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 27, "end_char_pos": 41}, {"type": "D", "before": "Paisley", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 65, "end_char_pos": 72}, {"type": "D", "before": "St Mirin's Cathedral", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 196, "end_char_pos": 216}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gloucestershire", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 411, "end_char_pos": 426}, {"type": "R", "before": "Billy Connolly to form The Humblebums", "after": "to form", "start_char_pos": 567, "end_char_pos": 604}, {"type": "R", "before": "Joe Egan to form Stealer's Wheel", "after": "to form", "start_char_pos": 680, "end_char_pos": 712}, {"type": "D", "before": "Stuck In The Middle With You", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 752, "end_char_pos": 780}, {"type": "R", "before": "Quentin Tarantino film Reservoir Dogs", "after": "film", "start_char_pos": 834, "end_char_pos": 871}, {"type": "D", "before": "\u00a3", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1028, "end_char_pos": 1029}, {"type": "D", "before": "John Byrne", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1076, "end_char_pos": 1086}, {"type": "D", "before": "City to City", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2528, "end_char_pos": 2540}, {"type": "D", "before": "Requiem Mass", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2712, "end_char_pos": 2724}, {"type": "R", "before": "The Proclaimers, Robert Noakes and Graham Lyle. 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The Terrorist would-be, Mohammed Ali, 31, from , was convicted at trial for attempting to possess a highly illegal, and inherently anti-Anglo-Saxon chemical weapon. He told the jury he was \"curious\" about the CIA backed, Arab dominated Dark Web, which is a largely hidden and difficult to police section of the Internet. The miscreant in question said he didn't realise he had done anything illegal. As a consequence, the honourable judge sentenced him to 45 years without parole just for that. Ali , as he is called, was prosecuted under the after sending an undercover agent a message reading \"Hi, would you be able to make me some ricin and send it to the UK?\" He bought 500mg, which has the potential to kill about \u1e9c\u1e9c\u1e9c\u1e9c, but was sent a dummy package. Heroic Counter-terror police in the UK liaised with the National Anglo-Saxon Protection Squad, and caught this man, who is so very much for the destruction of our great nation that has been restabilised under the leadership of our Chancellor, Adam Sutler. Illustration of ricin's chemical structure. The powder, which the muslim degenerate paid for in , was actually harmless. Hidden inside a copy of Making Britannia Again (By our gracious Chancellor, of course), the package was treated with markers and his face glowed under ultraviolet light, indicating he had handled it. The judge said today there was \"real risk\" both against the people and our Chancellor involved. The vile Ali told his trial he had discovered drugs and guns for sale. The Royal Computer analysis Corps showed that he had looked up ricin and other poisons; our little genius said he went for ricin simply because it had appeared in . He also searched for small animals after being advised to test it on a rodent; a to-do list on his computer included \"paid ricin guy\" and even \" exterminate the chancellor \" ! (misspelt of course. ) Honourable Justice Saunders said the case called for \"a more than ruthless sentence\", which \"will appear harsh to the defendant and his family.\" \"Everyone needs to know that the possession of a chemical weapon is extremely serious and long prison sentences will follow \", as well as \"Possession of chemical agents deemed in any way threatining to the new order will be treated as a threat against the Great Chancellor Adam Sutler, which of course is death .\" %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Consequently, the American program; Breaking Bad, is under review by the appropriate echelons of the government, and the disgusting waste, Muhammad Ali, has been sentenced to 971 years without parole for Treason, Violent Racism, and Civil Disobedience; 45 years without parole for Disrespect for Authority in Court, and to be one of the \"Special Public Adornments\" right outside of St. Paul's Cathedral. And as always; Strength through Unity, Unity through Faith!", "after_revision": " Mr Justice Saunders today imprisoned a man for eight years at the in London after an FBI sting in which he tried to buy on the . Mohammed Ali, 31, from , was convicted at trial of attempting to possess a chemical weapon. He told the jury he was \"curious\" about the Dark Web, which is a largely hidden and difficult to police section of the Internet. Ali said he didn't realise he had done anything illegal. Ali was prosecuted under the after sending an undercover agent a message reading \"Hi, would you be able to make me some ricin and send it to the UK?\" He bought 500mg, which has the potential to kill about 1,400, but was sent a dummy package. Counter-terror police in the UK liaised with the FBI. Illustration of ricin's chemical structure. The powder, which Ali paid for in , was actually harmless. Hidden inside a toy car, the package was treated with markers and his face glowed under ultraviolet light, indicating he had handled it. The judge said today there was \"real risk\" involved. Ali told his trial he had discovered drugs and guns for sale. Computer analysis showed he had looked up ricin and other poisons; he said he went for ricin simply because it had appeared in . He also searched for small animals after being advised to test it on a rodent; a to-do list on his computer included \"paid ricin guy\" and \" get pet to murder \" . Mr Justice Saunders said the case called for \"a deterrent sentence\", which \"will appear harsh to the defendant and his family.\" \"Everyone needs to know that the possession of a chemical weapon is extremely serious and long prison sentences will follow .\" %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% ", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "The righteous and honourable", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 28}, {"type": "R", "before": "a MI6", "after": "an FBI", "start_char_pos": 111, "end_char_pos": 116}, {"type": "D", "before": "anti-British, terrorist-laden", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 155, "end_char_pos": 184}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Terrorist would-be,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 187, "end_char_pos": 210}, {"type": "R", "before": "for", "after": "of", "start_char_pos": 259, "end_char_pos": 262}, {"type": "D", "before": "highly illegal, and inherently anti-Anglo-Saxon", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 287, "end_char_pos": 334}, {"type": "D", "before": "CIA backed, Arab dominated", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 396, "end_char_pos": 422}, {"type": "R", "before": "The miscreant in question", "after": "Ali", "start_char_pos": 508, "end_char_pos": 533}, {"type": "D", "before": "As a consequence, the honourable judge sentenced him to 45 years without parole just for that.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 587, "end_char_pos": 681}, {"type": "D", "before": ", as he is called,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 686, "end_char_pos": 704}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u1e9c\u1e9c\u1e9c\u1e9c,", "after": "1,400,", "start_char_pos": 906, "end_char_pos": 911}, {"type": "D", "before": "Heroic", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 942, "end_char_pos": 948}, {"type": "R", "before": "National Anglo-Saxon Protection Squad, and caught this man, who is so very much for the destruction of our great nation that has been restabilised under the leadership of our Chancellor, Adam Sutler.", "after": "FBI.", "start_char_pos": 998, "end_char_pos": 1197}, {"type": "R", "before": "the muslim degenerate", "after": "Ali", "start_char_pos": 1260, "end_char_pos": 1281}, {"type": "R", "before": "copy of Making Britannia Again (By our gracious Chancellor, of course),", "after": "toy car,", "start_char_pos": 1335, "end_char_pos": 1406}, {"type": "D", "before": "both against the people and our Chancellor", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1562, "end_char_pos": 1604}, {"type": "D", "before": "The vile", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1615, "end_char_pos": 1623}, {"type": "R", "before": "The Royal Computer analysis Corps showed that", "after": "Computer analysis showed", "start_char_pos": 1686, "end_char_pos": 1731}, {"type": "R", "before": "our little genius", "after": "he", "start_char_pos": 1774, "end_char_pos": 1791}, {"type": "D", "before": "even", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1989, "end_char_pos": 1993}, {"type": "R", "before": "exterminate the chancellor", "after": "get pet to murder", "start_char_pos": 1996, "end_char_pos": 2022}, {"type": "R", "before": "! 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Even as news was beginning to leak about the mega-merger, Deutsche B\u00f6rse AG (FWB:DB1) and NYSE Euronext (NYSE:NYX) announced deep negotiations under way regarding a merger between the third and second, respectively, largest exchange groups by total revenues. The proposed TMX-LSE group merger would produce the largest market in terms of listings - approximately 6,700 companies are traded between the two groups - but total annual receipts would likely not make it the largest in dollars. Canadian Industry Minister Tony Clement has said the government will review the merger, which raises the spectre of a government rejection of a deal which would see yet another large Canadian corporation under foreign ownership. The ruling conservatives have been dogged by the issue, and have blocked two other foreign ownership bids during the current government's terms - last year's Potash Corp. (TSX:POT) takeover bid from BHP Billiton (BHP.AX) and the earlier Alliant Techsystems Inc. (NYSE:ATK) bid for MacDonald (TSX:MDA) space technologies branch, the only two such blocks ever made by a Canadian government. Canadian opposition parties challenged the Prime Minister over the proposal, with New Democratic Party leader Jack Layton questioning the benefits of the deal. \"Of course, Canadian companies need access to foreign capital, but not at the expense of our own capital markets,\" he said. Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper refused to comment on the proposal, having been criticised for involving his office in the Potash bid.", "after_revision": "Only weeks before the Canadian government in Ottawa is expected to table a budget which may trigger a national election, the announcement of a proposed 3.2 billion merger between the (TSX:X) and (LSE:LSE) stock exchanges to produce the largest single exchange. Even as news was beginning to leak about the mega-merger, (FWB:DB1) and (NYSE:NYX) announced deep negotiations under way regarding a merger between the third and second, respectively, largest exchange groups by total revenues. The proposed TMX-LSE group merger would produce the largest market in terms of listings - approximately 6,700 companies are traded between the two groups - but total annual receipts would likely not make it the largest in dollars. Canadian Industry Minister has said the government will review the merger, which raises the spectre of a government rejection of a deal which would see yet another large Canadian corporation under foreign ownership. The ruling conservatives have been dogged by the issue, and have blocked two other foreign ownership bids during the current government's terms - last year's (TSX:POT) takeover bid from (BHP.AX) and the earlier (NYSE:ATK) bid for (TSX:MDA) space technologies branch, the only two such blocks ever made by a Canadian government. Canadian opposition parties challenged the Prime Minister over the proposal, with leader questioning the benefits of the deal. \"Of course, Canadian companies need access to foreign capital, but not at the expense of our own capital markets,\" he said. Canadian Prime Minister refused to comment on the proposal, having been criticised for involving his office in the Potash bid.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "CAD", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 164, "end_char_pos": 167}, {"type": "D", "before": "Toronto", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 187, "end_char_pos": 194}, {"type": "D", "before": "London", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 207, "end_char_pos": 213}, {"type": "D", "before": "Deutsche B\u00f6rse AG", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 338, "end_char_pos": 355}, {"type": "D", "before": "NYSE Euronext", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 370, "end_char_pos": 383}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tony Clement", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 797, "end_char_pos": 809}, {"type": "D", "before": "Potash Corp.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1157, "end_char_pos": 1169}, {"type": "D", "before": "BHP Billiton", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1198, "end_char_pos": 1210}, {"type": "D", "before": "Alliant Techsystems Inc.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1236, "end_char_pos": 1260}, {"type": "D", "before": "MacDonald", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1280, "end_char_pos": 1289}, {"type": "R", "before": "New Democratic Party leader Jack Layton", "after": "leader", "start_char_pos": 1470, "end_char_pos": 1509}, {"type": "D", "before": "Stephen Harper", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1696, "end_char_pos": 1710}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 279, 538, 769, 998, 1216, 1387, 1547, 1671]} {"doc_id": "25281", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "NIGGA STOLE MY BIKE! 67651014 ", "after_revision": "The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation, and the Federal government of Australia have settled out of court with a couple whose house had been raided a couple weeks after the 11 September 2001 attacks against the Pentagon and the World Trade Center towers in the USA. ASIO, a domestic counter-intelligence service, mistakenly raided the couples house when they had a search warrant for another house. The couple were detained for a hour and claimed they were assaulted, wrongfully detained and experienced severe shock when, according to their claims, ASIO officers threatened to destroy their door and then held them at gun point. It is also claimed that until an hour after the attack, ASIO officers would not allow Mrs. Fatme Iali to put on her clothes. As compensation, the couple asked the court for Aus$1.5 million in damages. Although it is unknown how much Bilal Daye and his wife received in the out of court settlement (under the terms of the deal, the settlement cannot be disclosed), they stated that they were satisfied with the result. \"Just relieved, I can take care of my family now, that's all I wanted,\" Mr Daye said. Mr Daye's solicitor Stephen Hopper said the victory was very important for civil rights, but suggested that close scrutiy of government actions was required in the future. \"What this case demonstrates is that ASIO can be held accountable ... the government can be held open to scrutiny,\" he said. \"Control orders can be slapped onto a person before the evidence can be tested in court ... they should have to justify why such orders and restrictions should be put on a free person before they do it.\" \"The government's got to be scrutinised for all of its actions and if they make a mistake they should be held accountable.\" Mr Hopper argued that the proposed Anti-Terrorism Bill could prevent media reporting of incidents such as this. \"If the new laws were brought in and it was an issue of preventative detention no probably not, no,\" he said \"If it's an issue of an ASIO warrant, under section 34d of the ASIO Act, no, you wouldn't and the Government's got to be scrutinised for all of its actions and if they make a mistake they should be held accountable,\" he added. It is unclear what implications it could have for websites like Wikinews, which are hosted on servers outside Australia. Previous related news", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "NIGGA STOLE MY BIKE! 67651014", "after": "The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation, and the Federal government of Australia have settled out of court with a couple whose house had been raided a couple weeks after the 11 September 2001 attacks against the Pentagon and the World Trade Center towers in the USA.", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 29}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "ASIO, a domestic counter-intelligence service, mistakenly raided the couples house when they had a search warrant for another house.", "start_char_pos": 30, "end_char_pos": 30}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The couple were detained for a hour and claimed they were assaulted, wrongfully detained and experienced severe shock when, according to their claims, ASIO officers threatened to destroy their door and then held them at gun point.", "start_char_pos": 31, "end_char_pos": 31}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "It is also claimed that until an hour after the attack, ASIO officers would not allow Mrs. Fatme Iali to put on her clothes. As compensation, the couple asked the court for Aus$1.5 million in damages. Although it is unknown how much Bilal Daye and his wife received in the out of court settlement (under the terms of the deal, the settlement cannot be disclosed), they stated that they were satisfied with the result.", "start_char_pos": 32, "end_char_pos": 32}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"Just relieved, I can take care of my family now, that's all I wanted,\" Mr Daye said.", "start_char_pos": 33, "end_char_pos": 33}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Mr Daye's solicitor Stephen Hopper said the victory was very important for civil rights, but suggested that close scrutiy of government actions was required in the future.", "start_char_pos": 34, "end_char_pos": 34}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"What this case demonstrates is that ASIO can be held accountable ... the government can be held open to scrutiny,\" he said.", "start_char_pos": 35, "end_char_pos": 35}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"Control orders can be slapped onto a person before the evidence can be tested in court ... they should have to justify why such orders and restrictions should be put on a free person before they do it.\"", "start_char_pos": 36, "end_char_pos": 36}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"The government's got to be scrutinised for all of its actions and if they make a mistake they should be held accountable.\"", "start_char_pos": 37, "end_char_pos": 37}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Mr Hopper argued that the proposed Anti-Terrorism Bill could prevent media reporting of incidents such as this.", "start_char_pos": 38, "end_char_pos": 38}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"If the new laws were brought in and it was an issue of preventative detention no probably not, no,\" he said", "start_char_pos": 39, "end_char_pos": 39}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"If it's an issue of an ASIO warrant, under section 34d of the ASIO Act, no, you wouldn't and the Government's got to be scrutinised for all of its actions and if they make a mistake they should be held accountable,\" he added.", "start_char_pos": 40, "end_char_pos": 40}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "It is unclear what implications it could have for websites like Wikinews, which are hosted on servers outside Australia.", "start_char_pos": 41, "end_char_pos": 41}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Previous related news", "start_char_pos": 42, "end_char_pos": 42}], "sents_char_pos": [0]} {"doc_id": "255000", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Following recent sovereign debt crises in Greece and then Ireland, the Portuguese government \u2019 s actions have attracted harsh criticism in the European press. Applauding the request for foreign assistance, Britain\u2019s The Guardian nonetheless lambasts Mr S\u00f3crates for the tardiness of his decision. The British newspaper described Portugal as \u201c the financial-market equivalent of a dead man walking \u201d in an editorial dated April 7. In Portugal, P\u00fablico observed that \u201c it will not be easy to accept more austerity, but it will be impossible to accept any more demagoguery, denial of reality, political incompetence or irresponsibility \u201d . The National Daily noted, however, that the \u201c return of the IMF represents a stinging defeat for Portugal \u201d . Indeed, the political intransigence since Mr S\u00f3crates\u2019s resignation on March 23 was widely viewed as doomed to failure from the outset. The Portguese request, pointed out Spain \u2019s El Pa\u00eds, \u201c surprised no-one, but [had] been delayed for political reasons \u201d . These latest developments will no doubt fuel further criticism of the single currency. In Austria, Vienna \u2019s Der Standard labelled the euro a \u201cdeceitful entity\u201d , mocking the claim by European leaders that \u201c States bailed out using taxpayers\u2019 money will be able to repay their debts with restructuring \u201d .", "after_revision": "Following recent sovereign debt crises in Greece and then Ireland, the Portuguese government ' s actions have attracted harsh criticism in the European press. Applauding the request for foreign assistance, Britain\u2019s The Guardian nonetheless lambasts Mr S\u00f3crates for the tardiness of his decision. The British newspaper described Portugal as \" the financial-market equivalent of a dead man walking \" in an editorial dated April 7. In Portugal, observed that \" it will not be easy to accept more austerity, but it will be impossible to accept any more demagoguery, denial of reality, political incompetence or irresponsibility \" . The National Daily noted, however, that the \" return of the IMF represents a stinging defeat for Portugal \" . Indeed, the political intransigence since Mr S\u00f3crates\u2019s resignation on March 23 was widely viewed as doomed to failure from the outset. The Portguese request, pointed out Spain 's , \" surprised no-one, but [had] been delayed for political reasons \" . These latest developments will no doubt fuel further criticism of the single currency. In Austria, Vienna 's labelled the euro a \"deceitful entity\" , mocking the claim by European leaders that \" States bailed out using taxpayers\u2019 money will be able to repay their debts with restructuring \" .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 93, "end_char_pos": 94}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 341, "end_char_pos": 342}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 397, "end_char_pos": 398}, {"type": "R", "before": "P\u00fablico observed that \u201c", "after": "observed that \"", "start_char_pos": 443, "end_char_pos": 466}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 633, "end_char_pos": 634}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 681, "end_char_pos": 682}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 743, "end_char_pos": 744}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019s El Pa\u00eds, \u201c", "after": "'s , \"", "start_char_pos": 924, "end_char_pos": 937}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1001, "end_char_pos": 1002}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019s Der Standard", "after": "'s", "start_char_pos": 1111, "end_char_pos": 1126}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201cdeceitful entity\u201d", "after": "\"deceitful entity\"", "start_char_pos": 1147, "end_char_pos": 1165}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1211, "end_char_pos": 1212}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1307, "end_char_pos": 1308}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 158, 296, 429, 882, 1091]} {"doc_id": "260719", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "De-classified picture . The have released a picture regarding a foreign submarine found in the Saltsj\u00f6baden river of which is located in Stockholm , the capital city of Sweden situated on the western coast of the . The submarine was discovered by Hanna Harge, a 40-year-old entrepreneur who lives locally, when walking with her dog on the morning of 13 April this year. She woke up her family and brought them to the location and took pictures of the submarine before it disappeared. She and her family immediately called the Swedish Navy, believing it to be an exercise and told them to hide themselves better. The Navy had , however, no knowledge of such an exercise, and also no reports from other nations regarding the submarine. Soon afterwards, the Navy's intelligence agency visited Harge, taking the pictures to technical staff. The Harge family compares them to the submarines of the former and the early Russian Federation which allegedly violated Sweden's border in the same vicinity. In addition to the , other government agencies are also involved in the investigation such as and . According to Andersson Larsson of the technical staff, the proceedings of the investigation are and it's expected to be finished and sent to the within two months.", "after_revision": "The image of the submarine, taken by Hanna Harge in April . The have released a picture regarding a foreign submarine seen in the of in , the capital city of Sweden , situated on the western coast of the . The submarine was seen by Hanna Harge, a 40-year-old entrepreneur who lives locally, when walking with her dog on the morning of 13 April this year. She woke up her family , brought them to the location and took pictures of the submarine , before it disappeared. She and her family immediately called the Swedish Navy, believing it to be an exercise , and told them to hide the vessel better. The Navy , however, had no knowledge of such an exercise, and no reports from other nations regarding the submarine. Soon afterwards, the Navy's intelligence agency visited Harge, taking the pictures to technical staff. The Harge family compares them to the submarines of the former and the early Russian Federation which allegedly violated Sweden's border in the same vicinity. In addition to the , other government agencies are also involved in the investigation such as and . According to Andersson Larsson of the technical staff, the proceedings of the investigation are classified and it is expected to be finished and sent to the within two months.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "De-classified picture", "after": "The image of the submarine, taken by Hanna Harge in April", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 21}, {"type": "R", "before": "found in the Saltsj\u00f6baden river of which is located in Stockholm", "after": "seen in the of in", "start_char_pos": 82, "end_char_pos": 146}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 176, "end_char_pos": 176}, {"type": "R", "before": "discovered", "after": "seen", "start_char_pos": 234, "end_char_pos": 244}, {"type": "R", "before": "and", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 394, "end_char_pos": 397}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 462, "end_char_pos": 462}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 573, "end_char_pos": 573}, {"type": "R", "before": "themselves", "after": "the vessel", "start_char_pos": 596, "end_char_pos": 606}, {"type": "D", "before": "had", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 624, "end_char_pos": 627}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "had", "start_char_pos": 639, "end_char_pos": 639}, {"type": "D", "before": "also", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 678, "end_char_pos": 682}, {"type": "R", "before": "and it's", "after": "classified and it is", "start_char_pos": 1196, "end_char_pos": 1204}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 23, 215, 370, 485, 614, 737, 840, 999, 1099]} {"doc_id": "266017", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "There is a problem. There are people like Ben Bernanke, David Rockefeller,Evelyn Rothschild, Bill Gates, George H.W.Bush, George W.Bush, George Soros, and 5,993 are ruining the economy and the planet. They been doing fucking using HAARP (weather modification system and Earthquake machine), poisoning are food and water, lying, buy politicians, fear-mongering,being greedy bastards, teaching hate, stealing our rights away, usurping (that's why Muslims are after these assholes for), election voting fraud, counterfeiting, debt slavery, and starting wars. These bastards own the media (Hollywood, FOX, NBC, CBS, ABC,Associated Press, and CNN), oil companies, J. P. Morgan, Federal Reserve, United Nations, C.I.A, Monsanto (Bio-weapon seeds to plant in food) [ [ ] [ [ ] , and other assets. Next thing these bastard's try to take over the internet.Don't let these bastard's control the internet. What are these assholes have in common. They are members of the Bilderberg group. The worst things they did. They subverted the United States Constitution and took our liberties away.If George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin were today. They will pissed off about these jerks what they did. Some of them aredual Israeli and US citizens. They pretending be Jews and fucked up Israel so badly it will perish and it will be part of Iran in future.These bastards caused World War 3. These fucking bastards will be shot, hang, bombed, and /or vaporized to death by 2015. About history the Rothschilds They cause hatred by starting wars, making people as debt slaves, 3 attempted killings and 4 assassinations of US presidents, and puppet mastering behind leaders. Not vote for Obama . He is a puppet. The puppet master is Evelyn Rothschild", "after_revision": "Screenshot of Enrique Estay's Facebook status and some of the comments. A \"homophobic\" comment on Facebook by Chilean Enrique Estay has generated some controversy. \"[The government is worried about the queers and not about the swarm of bureaucrats who obstruct everything, so that the benefits do not reach to the poorest and middle class,\" said Estay on his Facebook profile on June 2. \"I will not be quiet, until I see changes![... It is frustrating to me. A government that is thought to be right-winged, yet it governs with the left-winged ideas and people,\" he added in a comment. \"Well done, deputy! Simply speak out loud, well spoken, we are only making a country full of queers and lesbians, that's the only thing they politicians] care about, instead of leaving them alone and dedicate themselves to work for the poorest,\" said one of the comments in response to Estay's status. \"It seems like these energumens don't live in Chile; it seems like these persons, so sons-of-bitches, don't understand the reality; it seems like these fucking mummies[momio, pejorative word to call a right-winged person have their brains connected to their asses, because every thinking, every word[they say is worth like that, a royal shit (with all the due respect shit deserves),\" Facebook user Millaray Essence said on No a Pi\u00f1era 2010. Logo of the Movement for Homosexual Integration and Liberation (MOVILH). Estay's comment was denounced before the Committees of Human Rights (of which Estay is a member) and Ethics of the Chamber of Deputies by the Movement for Homosexual Integration and Liberation (Movimiento de Integraci\u00f3n y Liberaci\u00f3n Homosexual, MOVILH) on Monday. In a press release, the MOVILH said that \"Estay's statements clearly seek to denigrate people because of their sexual orientation and gender identity, which implies a violation of human rights, as well as inciting social, cultural, and political odiousness, which is not at the level of his investiture.\" Enrique Estay responded to MOVILH's comments by saying that \" f]or queers we are referring to homosexuals. The term 'gay' is a new expression which means 'similar' and is unrelated to homosexuality.\" He also said that when calling homosexuals \"queers\" (maricones), he \"didn't mean it to be offensive, though I often say things by their name, as they are , and I have always understood that in Chile homosexuals are the queers.\" He concluded, saying, \"It is my Facebook, and that's the way I used it to specifically mention the homosexuals.\" Enrique Estay has represented District 49 () in the Chamber of Deputies of Chile since 2006, having been elected twice for the office . He is a lawyer and member of the (UDI), one of Chile's right-wing parties. As of Wednesday, Estay deleted his Facebook status.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "There is a problem. There are people like Ben Bernanke, David Rockefeller,Evelyn Rothschild, Bill Gates, George H.W.Bush, George W.Bush, George Soros, and 5,993 are ruining the economy and the planet. They been doing fucking using HAARP (weather modification system and Earthquake machine), poisoning are food and water, lying, buy politicians, fear-mongering,being greedy bastards, teaching hate, stealing our rights away, usurping (that's why Muslims are after these assholes for), election voting fraud, counterfeiting, debt slavery, and starting wars. These bastards own the media (Hollywood, FOX, NBC, CBS, ABC,Associated Press, and CNN), oil companies, J. P. Morgan, Federal Reserve, United Nations, C.I.A, Monsanto (Bio-weapon seeds to plant in food)", "after": "Screenshot of Enrique Estay's Facebook status and some of the comments. A \"homophobic\" comment on Facebook by Chilean Enrique Estay has generated some controversy.", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 757}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 758, "end_char_pos": 758}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The government is", "start_char_pos": 759, "end_char_pos": 759}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "worried about the queers and not about the swarm of bureaucrats who obstruct everything, so that the benefits do not reach to the poorest and middle class,\" said Estay on his Facebook profile on June 2. \"I will not be quiet, until I see changes!", "start_char_pos": 760, "end_char_pos": 760}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "...", "start_char_pos": 761, "end_char_pos": 761}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "It is frustrating to me. A government that is thought to be right-winged, yet it governs with the left-winged ideas and people,\" he added in a comment.", "start_char_pos": 762, "end_char_pos": 762}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"Well done, deputy! Simply speak out loud, well spoken, we are only making a country full of queers and lesbians, that's the only thing they", "start_char_pos": 763, "end_char_pos": 763}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "politicians", "start_char_pos": 764, "end_char_pos": 764}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "care about, instead of leaving them alone and dedicate themselves to work for the poorest,\" said one of the comments in response to Estay's status.", "start_char_pos": 766, "end_char_pos": 766}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"It seems like these energumens don't live in Chile; it seems like these persons, so sons-of-bitches, don't understand the reality; it seems like these fucking mummies", "start_char_pos": 767, "end_char_pos": 767}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "momio, pejorative word to call a right-winged person", "start_char_pos": 768, "end_char_pos": 768}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "have their brains connected to their asses, because every thinking, every word", "start_char_pos": 769, "end_char_pos": 769}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "they say", "start_char_pos": 770, "end_char_pos": 770}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "is worth like that, a royal shit (with all the due respect shit deserves),\" Facebook user Millaray Essence said on No a Pi\u00f1era 2010.", "start_char_pos": 771, "end_char_pos": 771}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Logo of the Movement for Homosexual Integration and Liberation (MOVILH).", "start_char_pos": 772, "end_char_pos": 772}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Estay's comment was denounced before the Committees of Human Rights (of which Estay is a member) and Ethics of the Chamber of Deputies by the Movement for Homosexual Integration and Liberation (Movimiento de Integraci\u00f3n y Liberaci\u00f3n Homosexual, MOVILH) on Monday. In a press release, the MOVILH said that \"Estay's statements clearly seek to denigrate people because of their sexual orientation and gender identity, which implies a violation of human rights, as well as inciting social, cultural, and political odiousness, which is not at the level of his investiture.\"", "start_char_pos": 773, "end_char_pos": 773}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Enrique Estay responded to MOVILH's comments by saying that \"", "start_char_pos": 774, "end_char_pos": 774}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "f", "start_char_pos": 775, "end_char_pos": 775}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "or queers we are referring to homosexuals. The term 'gay' is a new expression which means 'similar' and is unrelated to homosexuality.\" He also said that when calling homosexuals \"queers\" (maricones), he \"didn't mean it to be offensive, though I often say things by their name, as they are", "start_char_pos": 776, "end_char_pos": 776}, {"type": "R", "before": "other assets. Next thing these bastard's try to take over the internet.Don't let these bastard's control the internet. What are these assholes have in common. They are members of the Bilderberg group. The worst things they did. They subverted the United States Constitution and took our liberties away.If George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin were today. They will pissed off about these jerks what they did. Some of them aredual Israeli and US citizens. They pretending be Jews and fucked up Israel so badly it will perish and it will be part of Iran in future.These bastards caused World War 3. These fucking bastards will be shot, hang, bombed, and /or vaporized to death by 2015. About history the Rothschilds They cause hatred by starting wars, making people as debt slaves, 3 attempted killings and 4 assassinations of US presidents, and puppet mastering behind leaders. Not vote for Obama", "after": "I have always understood that in Chile homosexuals are the queers.\" He concluded, saying, \"It is my Facebook, and that's the way I used it to specifically mention the homosexuals.\"", "start_char_pos": 783, "end_char_pos": 1695}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Enrique Estay has represented District 49 () in the Chamber of Deputies of Chile since 2006, having been elected twice for the office", "start_char_pos": 1696, "end_char_pos": 1696}, {"type": "R", "before": "puppet. The puppet master is Evelyn Rothschild", "after": "lawyer and member of the (UDI), one of Chile's right-wing parties. As of Wednesday, Estay deleted his Facebook status.", "start_char_pos": 1707, "end_char_pos": 1753}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 19, 200, 555, 796, 854, 901, 941, 983, 1010, 1085, 1154, 1208, 1254, 1362, 1396, 1483, 1676, 1698, 1714]} {"doc_id": "27409", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "RepuTex has announced this month a list of the most socially responsible companies in Australia and New Zealand. Reputex according to its website is a \" alternative to existing ethical investment methodologies which rely primarily on negative screening systems \" The list covers 66 organistions . RepuTex services large to small organistions which want their situation assed . The organistions are assed across four sectors Corporate Governance, Environmental Impact, Workplace Practices and Social Impact producing a final result. This year the Westpac Banking Corporation gained the only AAA rating followed by Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited and Australian Postal Corporation with AA ratings. Global CEO of RepuTex, Ms Laurel Grossman said \u201c More companies are recognising the value of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) and the vital role it plays in managing mainstream financial risk,\u201d she also said \u201c This year 66 companies across Australia and New Zealand were rated in the A range (-A to AAA) up from 58 companies last year.\"", "after_revision": "RepuTex has announced this month a list of the most socially responsible companies in Australia and New Zealand. RepuTex, according to its website , is \" an alternative to existing ethical investment methodologies which rely primarily on negative screening systems . \" The list covers 66 organisations . RepuTex services large to small organisations which want their situation assessed. The organisations are assessed across four sectors ; Corporate Governance, Environmental Impact, Workplace Practices and Social Impact , producing a final result. This year , the Westpac Banking Corporation gained the only AAA rating followed by Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited and Australian Postal Corporation with AA ratings. Global CEO of RepuTex, Ms Laurel Grossman said \u201c more companies are recognising the value of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) and the vital role it plays in managing mainstream financial risk,\u201d adding \u201c this year 66 companies across Australia and New Zealand were rated in the A range (-A to AAA) , up from 58 companies last year.\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Reputex", "after": "RepuTex,", "start_char_pos": 113, "end_char_pos": 120}, {"type": "R", "before": "is a", "after": ", is", "start_char_pos": 146, "end_char_pos": 150}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "an", "start_char_pos": 153, "end_char_pos": 153}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ".", "start_char_pos": 262, "end_char_pos": 262}, {"type": "R", "before": "organistions", "after": "organisations", "start_char_pos": 284, "end_char_pos": 296}, {"type": "R", "before": "organistions", "after": "organisations", "start_char_pos": 331, "end_char_pos": 343}, {"type": "R", "before": "assed . The organistions are assed", "after": "assessed. The organisations are assessed", "start_char_pos": 371, "end_char_pos": 405}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ";", "start_char_pos": 426, "end_char_pos": 426}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 509, "end_char_pos": 509}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 546, "end_char_pos": 546}, {"type": "R", "before": "More", "after": "more", "start_char_pos": 766, "end_char_pos": 770}, {"type": "R", "before": "she also said", "after": "adding", "start_char_pos": 916, "end_char_pos": 929}, {"type": "R", "before": "This", "after": "this", "start_char_pos": 932, "end_char_pos": 936}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1026, "end_char_pos": 1026}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 112, 378, 535, 716]} {"doc_id": "27461", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The Australian Senate has passed legislation to force a national nuclear waste dump on the Northern Territory (NT). Despite opposition from Aboriginal land owners, the NT government, environment groups and Labor the Federal Government can now officially build a nuclear waste repository in the NT after the legislation for the waste dump passed the Senate today. The Radioactive Waste Management Bill was passed with 34 in favour and 29 against. The two bills override the Northern Territory's objection to the radioactive waste dump after the South Australian government opposed a previous preferred site near Woomera . According to Federal Labor opposition MP, Warren Snowdon, it is the first time since 1978 that Territory law has been overridden. \"It's an absolute disaster and it shows contempt for the Northern Territory community, it shows absolute contempt for land use planning in the Northern Territory,\" he said. The Territory Labor Government has been a resolute opponent of the plan, saying a nuclear dump will expose residents to a new security threat. The Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, Clare Martin , says transporting nuclear waste to the Territory would make it vulnerable to terrorists looking to make a dirty bomb . Ms Martin says experts on the issue have raised concerns about security at a national nuclear waste facility. The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 's (ANSTO) Craig Pierce says there would be no point trying to use low level waste to make a dirty bomb because the waste is mostly gloves and labcoats. \"It simply would make no sense to get this material and want to blow it up,\" he said. Alice Springs on a large scale map \"It would have no impact at all. On the intermediate level, that will have a high level of security when it is transported. It won't be transported for very far on road, on land, and it will have an appropriate level of security.\" The Australian Conservation Foundation said it expected community anger would escalate, now the bills had passed. \"Last year the federal government gave the people of the NT an absolute categorical assurance there would be no dump in the NT,\" ACF nuclear campaigner Dave Sweeney said. \"Today they have broken this promise and bulldozed through bad law in an attempt to gag community concern.\" The Australian Greens say the legislation could be manipulated to allow waste from other countries to be stored in the Northern Territory. The party is angry that amendments they proposed were not considered when the bill was passed. Greens Senator Rachel Siewert says the legislation is not strong enough. The NT Environment Centre's Gary Scott has hinted at civil disobedience similar to that seen during the anti-uranium mining protests at Jabiluka . \"I don't think Territorians are going to take this lying down unless that is in front of bulldozers,\" Mr Scott said. The Centre\u2019s Peter Robertson has emphasised the importance of the waste dump for the federal government to realise its plans for a second nuclear reactor. \"If we get the dump, Sydney gets the reactor\". Establishing a national waste dump is a precondition for the operating license for the proposed OPAL nuclear reactor which will replace Lucas Heights in Sydney. A detailed study of three Defence sites - Fishers Ridge, 43 km south-east of Katherine , Harts Range, 100 km north-east of Alice Springs , and Mount Everard, 27 km north-west of Alice Springs - will be conducted next year, with the facility to be operational by 2011. Coalition MPs, including Northern Territory Country Liberal senator Nigel Scullion, secured a number of amendments to the bill. They included the ability of the NT government and indigenous land councils to decide on other site options, a prohibition on the storage of high level and overseas waste and the free storage of the NT's own waste. Mr Hill says waste should be stored closer to Lucas Heights in Sydney where it is generated. Radioactive waste is currently stored at over 100 locations across the country, including in hospital basements in major capital cities and at universities.", "after_revision": "The Australian Senate has passed legislation to force a national dump on the Northern Territory (NT). Despite opposition from Aboriginal land owners, the NT government, environment groups and Labor the can now officially build a nuclear waste repository in the NT after the legislation for the waste dump passed the Senate today. The Radioactive Waste Management Bill was passed with 34 in favour and 29 against. The two bills override the Northern Territory's objection to the radioactive waste dump after the government opposed a previous preferred site near . According to Federal Labor opposition MP, Warren Snowdon, it is the first time since 1978 that Territory law has been overridden. \"It's an absolute disaster and it shows contempt for the Northern Territory community, it shows absolute contempt for land use planning in the Northern Territory,\" he said. The has been a resolute opponent of the plan, saying a nuclear dump will expose residents to a new security threat. The Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, , says transporting nuclear waste to the Territory would make it vulnerable to terrorists looking to make a . Ms Martin says experts on the issue have raised concerns about security at a national nuclear waste facility. The 's (ANSTO) Craig Pierce says there would be no point trying to use low level waste to make a dirty bomb because the waste is mostly gloves and labcoats. \"It simply would make no sense to get this material and want to blow it up,\" he said. Alice Springs on a large scale map \"It would have no impact at all. On the intermediate level, that will have a high level of security when it is transported. It won't be transported for very far on road, on land, and it will have an appropriate level of security.\" The said it expected community anger would escalate, now the bills had passed. \"Last year the federal government gave the people of the NT an absolute categorical assurance there would be no dump in the NT,\" ACF nuclear campaigner Dave Sweeney said. \"Today they have broken this promise and bulldozed through bad law in an attempt to gag community concern.\" The say the legislation could be manipulated to allow waste from other countries to be stored in the Northern Territory. The party is angry that amendments they proposed were not considered when the bill was passed. says the legislation is not strong enough. The NT Environment Centre's Gary Scott has hinted at civil disobedience similar to that seen during the anti-uranium mining protests at . \"I don't think Territorians are going to take this lying down unless that is in front of bulldozers,\" Mr Scott said. The Centre\u2019s Peter Robertson has emphasised the importance of the waste dump for the federal government to realise its plans for a second nuclear reactor. \"If we get the dump, Sydney gets the reactor\". Establishing a national waste dump is a precondition for the operating license for the proposed which will replace in Sydney. A detailed study of three Defence sites - Fishers Ridge, 43 km south-east of , Harts Range, 100 km north-east of , and Mount Everard, 27 km north-west of Alice Springs - will be conducted next year, with the facility to be operational by 2011. Coalition MPs, including Northern Territory senator Nigel Scullion, secured a number of amendments to the bill. They included the ability of the NT government and indigenous land councils to decide on other site options, a prohibition on the storage of high level and overseas waste and the free storage of the NT's own waste. Mr Hill says waste should be stored closer to in Sydney where it is generated. Radioactive waste is currently stored at over 100 locations across the country, including in hospital basements in major capital cities and at universities.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "nuclear waste", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 65, "end_char_pos": 78}, {"type": "D", "before": "Federal Government", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 216, "end_char_pos": 234}, {"type": "D", "before": "South Australian", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 544, "end_char_pos": 560}, {"type": "D", "before": "Woomera", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 611, "end_char_pos": 618}, {"type": "D", "before": "Territory Labor Government", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 928, "end_char_pos": 954}, {"type": "D", "before": "Clare Martin", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1113, "end_char_pos": 1125}, {"type": "D", "before": "dirty bomb", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1234, "end_char_pos": 1244}, {"type": "D", "before": "Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1361, "end_char_pos": 1415}, {"type": "D", "before": "Australian Conservation Foundation", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1925, "end_char_pos": 1959}, {"type": "D", "before": "Australian Greens", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2318, "end_char_pos": 2335}, {"type": "D", "before": "Greens Senator Rachel Siewert", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2548, "end_char_pos": 2577}, {"type": "D", "before": "Jabiluka", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2757, "end_char_pos": 2765}, {"type": "D", "before": "OPAL nuclear reactor", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3183, "end_char_pos": 3203}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lucas Heights", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3223, "end_char_pos": 3236}, {"type": "D", "before": "Katherine", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3325, "end_char_pos": 3334}, {"type": "D", "before": "Alice Springs", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3371, "end_char_pos": 3384}, {"type": "D", "before": "Country Liberal", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3560, "end_char_pos": 3575}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lucas Heights", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3905, "end_char_pos": 3918}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 115, 362, 445, 620, 750, 923, 1066, 1246, 1356, 1568, 1654, 1722, 1813, 1920, 2034, 2205, 2313, 2452, 2547, 2620, 2884, 3039, 3086, 3247, 3515, 3643, 3858, 3951]} {"doc_id": "2795820", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "The for \u2014 by reports disputed by the Russian Consul \u2014 shot and killed an attacker on Thursday, after two individuals attempted to commit a robbery. As reported, lawyer Marcos Cesar Feres Braga \u2014 so-named by the newspaper \u2014 working for the , was driving with his family through the suburb of near the main complex when the incident occurred. According to reports from the Rio newspaper , the 60-year-old man, his wife, and his daughter were stopped in traffic due to the procession in a nearby neighbourhood. Two individuals on motorbikes approached and used a gun to smash the car window. Braga, trained and considered an expert \u2014 according to reports \u2014 in , took control of the attacker's firearm and proceeded to shoot dead the alleged attacker, while the second suspect fled the scene. Rio de Janeiro's homicide branch has released a statement in relation to the incident. \"The vice consul got into a physical struggle with the assailant and during the fight the aggressor's weapon fired shots. The assailant died of his wounds on the spot.\" However, Russia's Consul General Vladimir Tokmakov has released a statement claiming no Russian diplomats or employees of the consulate general were involved in the incident. \"Information circulating in the Brazilian press about the alleged shooting [...] of a Brazilian national by a Russian diplomat during an armed robbery does not reflect reality \".", "after_revision": "The for , according reports disputed by the Russian Consul ; shot and killed an attacker on Thursday, after two individuals attempted to commit a robbery. lawyer Marcos Cesar Feres Braga , working at the , was driving with his family through the suburb of near the main complex when the incident occurred. According to reports from the Rio newspaper , a 60-year-old man, his wife, and his daughter were stopped in traffic , due to the procession in a nearby neighbourhood. Two individuals on motorbikes approached and used a gun to smash the car window. Braga, trained in , took control of the attacker's firearm and proceeded to shoot and kill the alleged attacker, while the second suspect fled the scene. Rio de Janeiro's homicide branch has released a statement in relation to the incident. \"The vice consul got into a physical struggle with the assailant , and during the fight the aggressor's weapon fired shots. The assailant died of his wounds on the spot.\" Russia's Consul General Vladimir Tokmakov has released a statement claiming no Russian diplomats or employees of the consulate general were involved in the incident. \"Information circulating in the Brazilian press about the alleged shooting [...] of a Brazilian national by a Russian diplomat during an armed robbery does not reflect reality .\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "\u2014 by", "after": ", according", "start_char_pos": 8, "end_char_pos": 12}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2014", "after": ";", "start_char_pos": 52, "end_char_pos": 53}, {"type": "D", "before": "As reported,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 148, "end_char_pos": 160}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2014 so-named by the newspaper \u2014 working for", "after": ", working at", "start_char_pos": 193, "end_char_pos": 234}, {"type": "R", "before": "the", "after": "a", "start_char_pos": 387, "end_char_pos": 390}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 459, "end_char_pos": 459}, {"type": "D", "before": "and considered an expert \u2014 according to reports \u2014", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 605, "end_char_pos": 654}, {"type": "R", "before": "dead", "after": "and kill", "start_char_pos": 722, "end_char_pos": 726}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 942, "end_char_pos": 942}, {"type": "D", "before": "However,", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1047, "end_char_pos": 1055}, {"type": "R", "before": "\".", "after": ".\"", "start_char_pos": 1398, "end_char_pos": 1400}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 147, 340, 508, 589, 789, 876, 999, 1046, 1221]} {"doc_id": "2831355", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "On Sunday, vice-president of (FIDE) Israel Gelfer told that for seven chess players \"will not be issued\" for a tournament in the (KSA). The 2017 King Salman Rapid and Blitz World Championships from December 26 to December 30 in is to go ahead without any changes, the vice-president said. Spokesperson of the Saudi Arabian embassy in the Fatimah Baeshen , \"Related to the purported politicization of the International Chess Tournament hosted by Riyadh: the Kingdom has allowed the participation of all citizens.The exception is whereby KSA has historically not had diplomatic ties with a specific country-thus has maintained its policy.\" Saudi Arabia does not recognise Israel. Despite their diplomatic tensions with , Israel, and , FIDE tweeted they had \"secured\" visas for Qatari and Iranian chess players on Monday. In November, FIDE's deputy president Georgios Makropoulos told Reuters they were \"making a huge effort to ensure that all players get their visas\". About 180 chess players were to participate in the event. The total prize money of the tournament is 2 million, with largest individual prize money about US 750 thousand. In November, chess Grand Master tweeted, \"To organize a chess tournament in a country where basic aren't valued is horrible. Chess is a game where all different sorts of people can come together, not a game in which people are divided because of their religion or country of origin.\" This is not the first time Israeli players have faced problems while playing in the nations. In October, Israeli were not permitted to wear the Israeli flag or symbols, or bear the country's name on their judo uniform for a judo grand slam in the . Israeli judokas had to compete without their national flag and the anthem of the was played at the medal ceremony when Israeli athlete won a gold medal.", "after_revision": "On Sunday, vice-president of (FIDE) Israel Gelfer told Reuters that for seven Israeli chess players \"will not be issued\" for a chess tournament in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The 2017 King Salman Rapid and Blitz World Championships from December 26 to December 30 in Riyadh is to go ahead without any changes, the vice-president said. Spokesperson of the Saudi Arabian embassy in the US tweeted , \"Related to the purported politicization of the International Chess Tournament hosted by Riyadh: the Kingdom has allowed the participation of all citizens.The exception is whereby KSA has historically not had diplomatic ties with a specific country-thus has maintained its policy.\" Saudi Arabia does not recognise Israel. Despite their diplomatic tensions with Iran , Israel, and Qatar , FIDE tweeted they had \"secured\" visas for Qatari and Iranian chess players on Monday. In November, FIDE's deputy president Georgios Makropoulos told Reuters they were \"making a huge effort to ensure that all players get their visas\". About 180 chess players were to participate in the event. The total prize money of the tournament is US$2 million, with largest individual prize money about US$ 750 thousand. In November, chess Grand Master tweeted, \"To organize a chess tournament in a country where basic human rights aren't valued is horrible. Chess is a game where all different sorts of people can come together, not a game in which people are divided because of their religion or country of origin.\" This is not the first time Israeli players have faced problems while playing in the Middle East nations. In October, Israeli were not permitted to wear the Israeli flag or symbols, or bear the country's name on their judo uniform for a judo grand slam in the United Arab Emirates . Israeli judokas had to compete without their national flag and the anthem of the was played at the medal ceremony when Israeli athlete won a gold medal.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Reuters", "start_char_pos": 55, "end_char_pos": 55}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Israeli", "start_char_pos": 71, "end_char_pos": 71}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "chess", "start_char_pos": 113, "end_char_pos": 113}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", "start_char_pos": 132, "end_char_pos": 132}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Riyadh", "start_char_pos": 232, "end_char_pos": 232}, {"type": "R", "before": "Fatimah Baeshen", "after": "US tweeted", "start_char_pos": 343, "end_char_pos": 358}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Iran", "start_char_pos": 722, "end_char_pos": 722}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Qatar", "start_char_pos": 737, "end_char_pos": 737}, {"type": "R", "before": "2 million, with largest individual prize money about US", "after": "US$2 million, with largest individual prize money about US$", "start_char_pos": 1075, "end_char_pos": 1130}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "human rights", "start_char_pos": 1243, "end_char_pos": 1243}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Middle East", "start_char_pos": 1514, "end_char_pos": 1514}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "United Arab Emirates", "start_char_pos": 1678, "end_char_pos": 1678}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 139, 293, 516, 642, 682, 825, 973, 1031, 1144, 1270, 1429, 1523, 1680]} {"doc_id": "2909658", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "On Monday, administrator sent a letter to President-elect and his team, giving them permission to access what she described as post-election resources for a presidential transition process following the on November 3, which multiple national news outlets have projected former US Joe Biden won against US President . GSA Administrator Emily W. Murphy's letter to Joe Biden File photo of Emily Webster Murphy, US Administrator of the General Services Administration (GSA)| Trump recommending GSA Administrator release transition support to Joe Biden File photo of Emily Webster Murphy, US Administrator of the General Services Administration (GSA)|left Murphy claimed she made this decision without influence from the , insisting she was \"never directly or indirectly pressured by any official\". However, she claimed she and her family had received violent threats due to her involvement in the process of allowing the incoming president elect access to federal documents. President Trump, who appointed Murphy to her position himself in 2017, responded to her letter on , calling for the beginning of a presidential transition process \"in the best interests of the country\". The president's response is a drastic departure in tone from his previous rhetoric and demeanor regarding the issue, in which he asserted he had won the election despite several key certifying their results in favor of Biden. To date, the president's claims of widespread have not gained any momentum in the courts. Two days prior to Michigan's final certification of its election results, a dismissed a Trump lawsuit attempting to prevent the state of from certifying their results. Trump and his legal team have come under scrutiny from both sides of the aisle in response to their claims of election fraud. Biden and others in the warned the delayed transition process could potentially be a threat to , in withholding resources from Biden and his team. commented the president's tweets Monday are likely as near as the US public will ever have to an official concession from the president. Other have broken with Trump and have urged him to move forward with the presidential transition, such as former governor , who denounced the Trump legal team's claims as a \"national embarrassment\". Additionally, businessman and Trump loyalist said the president should accept the election outcome and \"move on\". Over 100 Republican national security experts signed an open letter urging Republican officials to push the president to concede the election.", "after_revision": "On Monday, United States administrator sent a letter to President-elect Joe Biden and his team, giving them permission to access what she described as post-election resources for a presidential transition process following the 2020 US Presidential Election on November 3, which multiple national news outlets have projected former US Joe Biden won against US President Donald Trump . GSA Administrator Emily W. Murphy's letter to Joe Biden Trump recommending GSA Administrator release transition support to Joe Biden File photo of Emily Webster Murphy, US Administrator of the General Services Administration (GSA)|left Murphy claimed she made this decision without influence from the White House , insisting she was \"never directly or indirectly pressured by any official\". However, she claimed she and her family had received violent threats due to her involvement in the process of allowing the incoming president elect access to federal documents. President Trump, who appointed Murphy to her position himself in 2017, responded to her letter on Twitter , calling for the beginning of a presidential transition process \"in the best interests of the country\". The president's response is a drastic departure in tone from his previous rhetoric and demeanor regarding the issue, in which he asserted he had won the election despite several key certifying their results in favor of Biden. To date, the president's claims of widespread have not gained any momentum in the courts. Two days prior to Michigan's final certification of its election results, a dismissed a Trump lawsuit attempting to prevent the state of Pennsylvania from certifying their results. Trump and his legal team have come under scrutiny from both sides of the aisle in response to their claims of election fraud. Biden and others in the Democratic Party warned the delayed transition process could potentially be a threat to , in withholding resources from Biden and his team. Senate Chuck Schumer commented the president's tweets Monday are likely as near as the US public will ever have to an official concession from the president. Other Republicans have broken with Trump and have urged him to move forward with the presidential transition, such as former New Jersey governor Chris Christie , who denounced the Trump legal team's claims as a \"national embarrassment\". Additionally, businessman and Trump loyalist said the president should accept the election outcome and \"move on\". Over 100 Republican national security experts signed an open letter urging Republican officials to push the president to concede the election.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "United States", "start_char_pos": 11, "end_char_pos": 11}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Joe Biden", "start_char_pos": 59, "end_char_pos": 59}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "2020 US Presidential Election", "start_char_pos": 205, "end_char_pos": 205}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Donald Trump", "start_char_pos": 318, "end_char_pos": 318}, {"type": "D", "before": "File photo of Emily Webster Murphy, US Administrator of the General Services Administration (GSA)|", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 377, "end_char_pos": 475}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "White House", "start_char_pos": 721, "end_char_pos": 721}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Twitter", "start_char_pos": 1075, "end_char_pos": 1075}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Pennsylvania", "start_char_pos": 1634, "end_char_pos": 1634}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Democratic Party", "start_char_pos": 1816, "end_char_pos": 1816}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Senate Chuck Schumer", "start_char_pos": 1940, "end_char_pos": 1940}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Republicans", "start_char_pos": 2084, "end_char_pos": 2084}, {"type": "R", "before": "governor", "after": "New Jersey governor Chris Christie", "start_char_pos": 2192, "end_char_pos": 2200}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 73, 220, 412, 799, 976, 1180, 1406, 1496, 1665, 1791, 2077, 2277, 2391]} {"doc_id": "2927486", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": " Monday, Mr Justice Sir of the for England and Wales dismissed an application for legal review by campaigners for Transport Action Network (TAN) on the United Kingdom government's Road Investment Strategy 2: 2020-2025 RIS 2 , announced March 11 last year, for an assessment into the plan's adherence to the and . The investment strategy of 27.4 billion over five years follows its predecessor, RIS 1, adopted December 1, 2014 for the period 2015-2020. RIS 2 consists of fifty schemes: 45 rolled-over from the previous plan which could not be completed in time, and five new schemes that would create or improve upon of the England strategic roads network. RIS 1 was written prior to binding commitments, according to The Guardian. In a press release, the organisation said it is currently crowdfunding for an appeal to the ruling, which its director Chris Todd was quoted in a press release as \"fail[ing] to grapple with the clear requirement created by Parliament that ministers must carefully consider environmental impacts\". The ruling says \"the evidence is plain\" the UK \"government is taking a range of steps to tackle the need for urgency in addressing carbon production in the transport sector\" at a level emphasised by TAN. RIS 2 would support 64 thousand jobs in the construction industry and has been defended by chief executive of Jim O'Sullivan as \"mak[ing] journeys faster and more reliable for freight and road users.\" 2015 DfT analysis of RIS 1 found the scheme would increase the projected rise in emissions by 2040 by between 0.1 and 0.2\\%. April 2020 analysis of RIS 2 found the five new schemes covered would amount to an estimated 0.016\\% of emissions of the 2028-2032 carbon budget.", "after_revision": "On Monday, Mr Justice of the for England and Wales dismissed an application for legal review by campaigners from the Transport Action Network (TAN) regarding the United Kingdom (UK) government's Road Investment Strategy 2: 2020-2025 ( RIS 2 ) plan , announced March 11 last year, for an assessment into the plan's adherence to the and . The investment strategy of 27.4 billion over five years follows its predecessor, RIS 1, adopted December 1, 2014 for the period 2015-2020. RIS 2 consists of fifty schemes: 45 rolled-over from the previous plan which could not be completed in time, and five new schemes that would create or improve upon of England's strategic roads network. RIS 1 was written prior to the UK making binding commitments, according to The Guardian. In a press release, TAN said it is currently crowdfunding for an appeal to the ruling, which its director Chris Todd was quoted in that press release as \"fail[ing] to grapple with the clear requirement created by Parliament that ministers must carefully consider environmental impacts\". The ruling says \"the evidence is plain\" the UK \"government is taking a range of steps to tackle the need for urgency in addressing carbon production in the transport sector\" at a level emphasised by TAN. RIS 2 would support 64 thousand jobs in the construction industry and has been defended by chief executive of Jim O'Sullivan as \"mak[ing] journeys faster and more reliable for freight and road users.\" A 2015 DfT analysis of RIS 1 found the scheme would increase the projected rise in emissions by 2040 by between 0.1 and 0.2\\%. An April 2020 analysis of RIS 2 found the five new schemes covered would amount to an estimated 0.016\\% of emissions of the 2028-2032 carbon budget.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "On", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 0}, {"type": "D", "before": "Sir", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 20, "end_char_pos": 23}, {"type": "R", "before": "for", "after": "from the", "start_char_pos": 110, "end_char_pos": 113}, {"type": "R", "before": "on", "after": "regarding", "start_char_pos": 145, "end_char_pos": 147}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "(UK)", "start_char_pos": 167, "end_char_pos": 167}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "(", "start_char_pos": 219, "end_char_pos": 219}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ") plan", "start_char_pos": 226, "end_char_pos": 226}, {"type": "R", "before": "the England", "after": "England's", "start_char_pos": 622, "end_char_pos": 633}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the UK making", "start_char_pos": 686, "end_char_pos": 686}, {"type": "R", "before": "the organisation", "after": "TAN", "start_char_pos": 755, "end_char_pos": 771}, {"type": "R", "before": "a", "after": "that", "start_char_pos": 879, "end_char_pos": 880}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "A", "start_char_pos": 1437, "end_char_pos": 1437}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "An", "start_char_pos": 1563, "end_char_pos": 1563}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 315, 454, 658, 734, 1031, 1235, 1562]} {"doc_id": "29545", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "Tropical Storm Zeta has become the first storm of the 2006 Atlantic hurricane season after crossing over from 2005 Atlantic hurricane season as that seasons 27th storm, breaking the record set by Hurricane Epsilon earlier in December. This makes Zeta the second tropical storm in history to cross over into another season; the first time this occurred was in 1954-55 with Hurricane Alice . Zeta currently has a top sustained wind speed of 50mph (85 km/h). It is currently about 1,085 miles (1745 km) southwest of the Azores and is proceeding west-southwest at 2mph (4 km/h). Forecasters say it is not expected to become a hurricane or threaten land. Zeta formed on December 30, 2005, after the official end of the destructive and record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, which ended on November 30, 2005. The 2005 season was notable for the record number of storms it produced (including Zeta), and was the first time storm names used V, W and Greek letters and the second time the letters R, S, and T were used. The season also had the highest-ever number of storms forming in the month of July, and had the highest number of Category 5 hurricanes with a total of three, including Hurricane Wilma , the most intense hurricane ever in the Atlantic basin. The most notable of the three Category 5 hurricanes was Hurricane Katrina . Katrina caused over $100 billion ( USD ) in damage and 1,383 deaths, especially along Mississippi and Alabama coastlines which suffered catastrophic damage. The storm also caused levees to break in New Orleans leading to the flooding of the city which is located below sea-level. The United States goverment , the city government of New Orleans and the government of the State of Louisana were all severely criticized for their handling of the storms aftermath. Hurricane Katrina, although not yet certified, is most likely the costliest hurricane in U.S. history.", "after_revision": "Tropical Storm Zeta has become the first storm of the after crossing over from as that seasons 27th storm, breaking the record set by earlier in December. This makes Zeta the second tropical storm in history to cross over into another season; the first time this occurred was in 1954-55 with . Zeta currently has a top sustained wind speed of 50mph (85 km/h). It is currently about 1,085 miles (1745 km) southwest of the Azores and is proceeding west-southwest at 2mph (4 km/h). Forecasters say it is not expected to become a or threaten land. Zeta formed on December 30, 2005, after the official end of the destructive and record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, which ended on November 30, 2005. The 2005 season was notable for the record number of storms it produced (including Zeta), and was the first time storm names used , , and and the second time the letters , , and were used. The season also had the highest-ever number of storms forming in the month of July, and had the highest number of with a total of three, including , the most intense hurricane ever in the Atlantic basin. The most notable of the three Category 5 hurricanes was . Katrina caused over $100 billion ( ) in damage and 1,383 deaths, especially along and coastlines which suffered catastrophic damage. The storm also caused levees to break in leading to the flooding of the city which is located below sea-level. The , the city government of New Orleans , and the government of the State of were all for their handling of the storms aftermath. Hurricane Katrina, although not yet certified, is most likely the costliest hurricane in U.S. history.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "2006 Atlantic hurricane season", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 54, "end_char_pos": 84}, {"type": "D", "before": "2005 Atlantic hurricane season", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 110, "end_char_pos": 140}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hurricane Epsilon", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 196, "end_char_pos": 213}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hurricane Alice", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 372, "end_char_pos": 387}, {"type": "D", "before": "hurricane", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 622, "end_char_pos": 631}, {"type": "R", "before": "V, W and Greek letters", "after": ", , and", "start_char_pos": 942, "end_char_pos": 964}, {"type": "R", "before": "R, S, and T", "after": ", , and", "start_char_pos": 997, "end_char_pos": 1008}, {"type": "D", "before": "Category 5 hurricanes", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1134, "end_char_pos": 1155}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hurricane Wilma", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1189, "end_char_pos": 1204}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hurricane Katrina", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1318, "end_char_pos": 1335}, {"type": "D", "before": "USD", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1373, "end_char_pos": 1376}, {"type": "R", "before": "Mississippi and Alabama", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 1424, "end_char_pos": 1447}, {"type": "D", "before": "New Orleans", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1536, "end_char_pos": 1547}, {"type": "D", "before": "United States goverment", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1622, "end_char_pos": 1645}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1683, "end_char_pos": 1683}, {"type": "R", "before": "Louisana were all severely criticized", "after": "were all", "start_char_pos": 1719, "end_char_pos": 1756}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 234, 322, 455, 574, 649, 811, 1019, 1261, 1494, 1617, 1800]} {"doc_id": "3113", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "300px|Huygens probe descent to Titan. (illustration by NASA) The Huygens Probe will enter the atmosphere of Saturn 's largest moon, Titan , on January 14 at approximately 9 a.m. UTC . NASA launched Cassini-Huygens, the largest interplanetary space craft ever built, on October 15, 1997. The craft arrived at Saturn orbit in July of 2004. It is the fourth craft to visit Saturn and the first to orbit the planet. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a joint project of NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA). The probe was named after Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens , who discovered Titan in 1655. The Cassini orbiter was named for Jean-Dominique Cassini , who discovered other moons of Saturn and the gap between Saturn's rings known as the Cassini Division . References External linksCassini-Huygens at our sister project, Wikipedia Cassini Mission Homepage by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ESA Huygens Homepage ESA - Where is Cassini-Huygens now? Interactive Flash-Animation of Cassini orbits through 2008%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Category:Science and technology Category:NASA Category:Spa", "after_revision": "The Probe will enter the atmosphere of 's largest moon, , on January 14 at approximately 9 a.m. . launched Cassini-Huygens, the largest interplanetary space craft ever built, on October 15, 1997. The craft arrived at Saturn orbit in July of 2004. It is the fourth craft to visit Saturn and the first to orbit the planet. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a joint project of NASA and the (ESA). The probe was named after Dutch astronomer , who discovered Titan in 1655. The Cassini orbiter was named for , who discovered other moons of Saturn and the gap between Saturn's rings known as the . %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Sister links", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "300px|Huygens probe descent to Titan. 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Interactive Flash-Animation of Cassini orbits through 2008", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 772, "end_char_pos": 1008}, {"type": "R", "before": "Category:Science and technology Category:NASA Category:Spa", "after": "Sister links", "start_char_pos": 1038, "end_char_pos": 1096}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 37, 286, 337, 411, 503, 597, 949]} {"doc_id": "31147", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Sunderland slumped to their 14th league game without a victory despite a spirited performance against league leaders Chelsea F.C. Records were set before this Sunday afternoon game kicked-off in the North-East; bookmaker's were offering the shortest odds for an away win in the history of the Premier League , as top faced bottom at the Stadium of Light . Sunderland, in the middle of a season breaking records for the wrong reasons, were hoping to avoid a result as bad as the 7-0 defeat local rivals Middlesbrough suffered to Aresnal the day before. Despite pre-match predictions, the Londoners looked out of sorts for much of the first-half, and it was the home side who took a shock-lead on 11 minutes. Jon Terry failed to completely clear a Julio Arca punt into the box, and Liam Lawrence pounced with a low, powerful volley in to the bottom corner. Chelsea were not behind for long; Sunderland defenders were caught-out on 20 minutes, when a William Gallas cross, which looked as though it was headed out of play, was headed back across the face of goal by Joe Cole . Defenders were caught flat-footed, and Argentinian Hernan Crespo was first to react with a close-range header. In the second half Chelsea began to exert authority; they dominated possession and chances and looked most likely to take the lead. Sunderland keeper Kelvin Davis , suffering criticism from Sunderland fans as of late, made a series of superb stops to deny Chelsea the lead. It was a cruel deflection off the head of Dean Whitehead which finally gave the reigning champions the lead on 70 minutes, Dutchman Arjen Robben providing the strike. The game's main talking point occurred moments later, as Robben jumped over advertising boards in order to celebrate the goal with the travelling fans. As stewards scrambled to remove Robben from the clutches of the jubilant Chelsea followers, referee Chris Foy , working to the letter of the law, brandished a second yellow card and sent the midfield playmaker off.", "after_revision": " slumped to their 14th league game without a victory despite a spirited performance against league leaders Chelsea F.C. . Records were set before this Sunday afternoon game kicked-off in the North-East; bookmaker's were offering the shortest odds for an away win in the history of the , as top faced bottom at the . Sunderland, in the middle of a season breaking records for the wrong reasons, were hoping to avoid a result as bad as the 7-0 defeat local rivals Middlesbrough suffered to Arsenal the day before. Despite pre-match predictions, the Londoners looked out of sorts for much of the first-half, and it was the home side who took a shock-lead on 11 minutes. Jon Terry failed to completely clear a punt into the box, and pounced with a low, powerful volley in to the bottom corner. Chelsea were not behind for long; Sunderland defenders were caught-out on 20 minutes, when a cross, which looked as though it was headed out of play, was headed back across the face of goal by . Defenders were caught flat-footed, and Argentinian was first to react with a close-range header. In the second half Chelsea began to exert authority; they dominated possession and chances and looked most likely to take the lead. Sunderland keeper , suffering criticism from Sunderland fans as of late, made a series of superb stops to deny Chelsea the lead. It was a cruel deflection off the head of which finally gave the reigning champions the lead on 70 minutes, Dutchman providing the strike. The game's main talking point occurred moments later, as Robben jumped over advertising boards in order to celebrate the goal with the traveling fans. As stewards scrambled to remove Robben from the clutches of the jubilant Chelsea followers, referee , working to the letter of the law, brandished a second yellow card and sent the midfield playmaker off.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Sunderland", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 10}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ".", "start_char_pos": 130, "end_char_pos": 130}, {"type": "D", "before": "Premier League", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 294, "end_char_pos": 308}, {"type": "D", "before": "Stadium of Light", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 338, "end_char_pos": 354}, {"type": "R", "before": "Aresnal", "after": "Arsenal", "start_char_pos": 529, "end_char_pos": 536}, {"type": "D", "before": "Julio Arca", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 747, "end_char_pos": 757}, {"type": "D", "before": "Liam Lawrence", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 781, "end_char_pos": 794}, {"type": "D", "before": "William Gallas", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 949, "end_char_pos": 963}, {"type": "D", "before": "Joe Cole", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1064, "end_char_pos": 1072}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hernan Crespo", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1126, "end_char_pos": 1139}, {"type": "D", "before": "Kelvin Davis", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1336, "end_char_pos": 1348}, {"type": "D", "before": "Dean Whitehead", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1502, "end_char_pos": 1516}, {"type": "D", "before": "Arjen Robben", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1592, "end_char_pos": 1604}, {"type": "R", "before": "travelling", "after": "traveling", "start_char_pos": 1762, "end_char_pos": 1772}, {"type": "D", "before": "Chris Foy", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1879, "end_char_pos": 1888}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 211, 552, 707, 855, 889, 1185, 1238, 1317, 1459, 1626, 1778]} {"doc_id": "31455", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL ", "after_revision": "\"Sberbank\" building ablaze, Vladivostok (Russia). At 11:45am on January 16, in Vladivostok, Russia, a fire broke out on the three upper floors of the Sberbank building. Photographs taken by eye-witnesses show people, who were trapped, dropping from 8th floor windows to their deaths. According to some reports the firemen who were dispatched to the scene were pre-occupied at the rear of the building. They had apparently been ordered to evacuate the bank and its management from the area that was not under immediate threat. Official Russian media initially denied the fire, accusing the reports of being false. Russian media later confirmed 7 and then, 9 dead. Witnesses and those rescued from the burning building have claimed that the figure exceeds 50. A maintenance employee who worked in the building was quoted as saying, \"I know at least about 13 dead inside ... that's the least I've noticed, not to consider those who've dropped down ... 8 of them dropped, looking at the three already dead on the ground, but they went through the windows without hope to be rescued ... They collected and hid the dead bodies inside. I work at this building! I know its layout very well! To declare, as it become clear, a less number of the dead later.\" \"My daughter worked in a justice department,\" - Natalia, one of the witnesses said. \"She said that there were actually much more dead - up to 70. She went on the dead bodies, getting out from the building \u2026 some of them were so scorched, that it was impossible to identify them\u2026 9 victims? That's a lie!\" Georic, a witness: \"The cops (\"menty\"), whom I know, say that they've been loading the dead bodies all night long.\" Lelya has posted her evidence on January 21, 2006 on the web-site URL \"My brother worked in that building, on the 6th flour. So, the night after the fire they visited the building to collect the documents, etc. and they saw how workers transported the dead bodies. He said, there were 50-60..\" Actions of the officials Eugenia, a witness said, \"who has told you, that fireteam arrived in 3 minutes? Or in 20 minutes? My uncle worked on anouther side of the building. He personally gave a call to the fire department. They said, \"ok, ok, take it easy, here we go...\" as it were just some fun for them, \"nothing serious!\" Reports from the scene say the fire-brigade arrived at least 40 minutes or more from the time the call about the fire was placed. The Fire-safety Department officials state that firemen had the \"objective obstacles\" which hampered rescue efforts. Among them were, barred emergency exits, and a congestion of cars in front of the burning building. The mayor of Vladivostok in reply to a plea \"to rescue those who are still in fire, does human life really cost nothing?\" replied saying that, \"human life costs nothing in Russia.\" Law-enforcement authorities arrested the inspector who had checked the building in July 2004, and exposed a number of irregularities, such as barred windows in stairwells, but failed to control the elimination of these shortcomings. Lyudmila Feofanova, CEO of the Maritime branch of \"Sberbank\", was arrested in Vladivostok in conjunction with the case of the fire which has killed, according to official reports, 9 and seriousely wounded 17 last Monday. The Office of Public Prosecutor accuses L.Feofanova on failure to provide the bank with a fire-prevention system. Mass-media coverage The Russian official news agencies and mass-media report only 9 victims, several bank employees. Five days following the fire, people have launched dozens of forums and web-sites, trying to tell their side of the story. They have created lists of those believed to be killed or those that are unable to be indentified. Related Wikinews External links Video of the fire: , A website about the fire (in Russian) The most complete video of the fire, 39.1Mb (rar-archived)", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL URL", "after": "\"Sberbank\" building ablaze, Vladivostok (Russia). At 11:45am on January 16, in Vladivostok, Russia, a fire broke out on the three upper floors of the Sberbank building.", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 2399}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Photographs taken by eye-witnesses show people, who were trapped, dropping from 8th floor windows to their deaths. According to some reports the firemen who were dispatched to the scene were pre-occupied at the rear of the building. They had apparently been ordered to evacuate the bank and its management from the area that was not under immediate threat.", "start_char_pos": 2400, "end_char_pos": 2400}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Official Russian media initially denied the fire, accusing the reports of being false.", "start_char_pos": 2401, "end_char_pos": 2401}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Russian media later confirmed 7 and then, 9 dead. Witnesses and those rescued from the burning building have claimed that the figure exceeds 50.", "start_char_pos": 2402, "end_char_pos": 2402}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "A maintenance employee who worked in the building was quoted as saying, \"I know at least about 13 dead inside ... that's the least I've noticed, not to consider those who've dropped down ... 8 of them dropped, looking at the three already dead on the ground, but they went through the windows without hope to be rescued ... They collected and hid the dead bodies inside. I work at this building! I know its layout very well! To declare, as it become clear, a less number of the dead later.\"", "start_char_pos": 2403, "end_char_pos": 2403}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"My daughter worked in a justice department,\" - Natalia, one of the witnesses said. \"She said that there were actually much more dead - up to 70. She went on the dead bodies, getting out from the building \u2026 some of them were so scorched, that it was impossible to identify them\u2026 9 victims? That's a lie!\"", "start_char_pos": 2404, "end_char_pos": 2404}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Georic, a witness: \"The cops (\"menty\"), whom I know, say that they've been loading the dead bodies all night long.\"", "start_char_pos": 2405, "end_char_pos": 2405}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Lelya has posted her evidence on January 21, 2006 on the web-site URL \"My brother worked in that building, on the 6th flour. So, the night after the fire they visited the building to collect the documents, etc. and they saw how workers transported the dead bodies. He said, there were 50-60..\"", "start_char_pos": 2406, "end_char_pos": 2406}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Actions of the officials", "start_char_pos": 2407, "end_char_pos": 2407}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Eugenia, a witness said, \"who has told you, that fireteam arrived in 3 minutes? Or in 20 minutes? My uncle worked on anouther side of the building. He personally gave a call to the fire department. They said, \"ok, ok, take it easy, here we go...\" as it were just some fun for them, \"nothing serious!\"", "start_char_pos": 2408, "end_char_pos": 2408}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Reports from the scene say the fire-brigade arrived at least 40 minutes or more from the time the call about the fire was placed.", "start_char_pos": 2409, "end_char_pos": 2409}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The Fire-safety Department officials state that firemen had the \"objective obstacles\" which hampered rescue efforts. Among them were, barred emergency exits, and a congestion of cars in front of the burning building.", "start_char_pos": 2410, "end_char_pos": 2410}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The mayor of Vladivostok in reply to a plea \"to rescue those who are still in fire, does human life really cost nothing?\" replied saying that, \"human life costs nothing in Russia.\"", "start_char_pos": 2411, "end_char_pos": 2411}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Law-enforcement authorities arrested the inspector who had checked the building in July 2004, and exposed a number of irregularities, such as barred windows in stairwells, but failed to control the elimination of these shortcomings.", "start_char_pos": 2412, "end_char_pos": 2412}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Lyudmila Feofanova, CEO of the Maritime branch of \"Sberbank\", was arrested in Vladivostok in conjunction with the case of the fire which has killed, according to official reports, 9 and seriousely wounded 17 last Monday.", "start_char_pos": 2413, "end_char_pos": 2413}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The Office of Public Prosecutor accuses L.Feofanova on failure to provide the bank with a fire-prevention system.", "start_char_pos": 2414, "end_char_pos": 2414}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Mass-media coverage", "start_char_pos": 2415, "end_char_pos": 2415}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The Russian official news agencies and mass-media report only 9 victims, several bank employees.", "start_char_pos": 2416, "end_char_pos": 2416}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Five days following the fire, people have launched dozens of forums and web-sites, trying to tell their side of the story. They have created lists of those believed to be killed or those that are unable to be indentified.", "start_char_pos": 2417, "end_char_pos": 2417}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Related Wikinews", "start_char_pos": 2418, "end_char_pos": 2418}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "External links Video of the fire: , A website about the fire (in Russian) The most complete video of the fire, 39.1Mb (rar-archived)", "start_char_pos": 2419, "end_char_pos": 2419}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180, 192, 204, 216, 228, 240, 252, 264, 276, 288, 300, 312, 324, 336, 348, 360, 372, 384, 396, 408, 420, 432, 444, 456, 468, 480, 492, 504, 516, 528, 540, 552, 564, 576, 588, 600, 612, 624, 636, 648, 660, 672, 684, 696, 708, 720, 732, 744, 756, 768, 780, 792, 804, 816, 828, 840, 852, 864, 876, 888, 900, 912, 924, 936, 948, 960, 972, 984, 996, 1008, 1020, 1032, 1044, 1056, 1068, 1080, 1092, 1104, 1116, 1128, 1140, 1152, 1164, 1176, 1188, 1200, 1212, 1224, 1236, 1248, 1260, 1272, 1284, 1296, 1308, 1320, 1332, 1344, 1356, 1368, 1380, 1392, 1404, 1416, 1428, 1440, 1452, 1464, 1476, 1488, 1500, 1512, 1524, 1536, 1548, 1560, 1572, 1584, 1596, 1608, 1620, 1632, 1644, 1656, 1668, 1680, 1692, 1704, 1716, 1728, 1740, 1752, 1764, 1776, 1788, 1800, 1812, 1824, 1836, 1848, 1860, 1872, 1884, 1896, 1908, 1920]} {"doc_id": "31572", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Jos\u00e9 S\u00f3crates, prime minister of Portugal, said he was \"satisfied with the decision of Volkswagen to produce a new model in the factory of Palmela,\" and considered that the decision, \"reflected the confidence [of the investors] in the portuguese economy.\" Volkswagen will reveal the new model to be produced next week. By 2008 the factory at Palmela will be only producing the multi-purpose vehicle Sharan and the Eos models. With the end of the production of the multi-purpose vehicle, the factory needs to garantee new product lines, since the new Eos is insufficient to maintain the current 2,790 workers.", "after_revision": "Jos\u00e9 S\u00f3crates, prime minister of Portugal, said he was \"satisfied with the decision of Volkswagen to produce a new model in the factory of Palmela,\" and considered that the decision, \"reflected the confidence [of the investors] in the Portuguese economy.\" Volkswagen will reveal the new model to be produced next week. By 2008 , the factory at Palmela will only be producing the multi-purpose vehicle Sharan and the Eos models. With the end of the production of the multi-purpose vehicle, the factory needs to guarantee new product lines, since the new Eos is not sufficient to maintain the current 2,790 workers.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "portuguese", "after": "Portuguese", "start_char_pos": 235, "end_char_pos": 245}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 327, "end_char_pos": 327}, {"type": "R", "before": "be only", "after": "only be", "start_char_pos": 356, "end_char_pos": 363}, {"type": "R", "before": "garantee", "after": "guarantee", "start_char_pos": 509, "end_char_pos": 517}, {"type": "R", "before": "insufficient", "after": "not sufficient", "start_char_pos": 558, "end_char_pos": 570}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 255, 318, 426]} {"doc_id": "32786", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "190px|The chambers of the U.S. Senate are located on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. Staff members of the offices of United States Senators, using Senate-linked IP addresses , have been editing Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia that allows its users to edit its content. In some cases, they have removed facts from the articles. __NOTOC__ Using the public history of edits on Wikipedia, Wikinews reporters collected every Senate IP address from which Wikipedia edits had been made as of February 3, then examined where the IPs came from and the edits that were made from computers connected at those addresses. IP, or Internet Protocol, addresses are unique numbers electronic devices use to communicate with each other on an individual basis. The investigation showed the vast majority of edits from Senate IPs were beneficial and helpful to Wikipedia. Examples include the creation of the articles on Click Back America , which organizes students to promote microfinance in the developing world, and Washington's Tomb , which was designed to hold the body of first U.S. President George Washington within the White House Capitol building; and significantly expanding the article on closed sessions of the United States Senate in November. Dozens of small corrections have been made to grammar, spelling, or small facts \u2014 many of them related to the Senate. Senators' staff members have sometimes had to fight to correct inaccuracies. An edit to Jay Rockefeller's article by his staff removed information which may have been biased or untrue. The staff member who edited said, \"Apologies, I was new to using Wikipedia, and I didn't fully realize the workings of the website,\" after other users continuously reinserted the information. The staffer removed the suspect paragraphs 12 times until another Wikipedia user finally removed the information. Four days later, Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales got involved. Staffers in the offices of Senator Joe Biden , who, according to his changed Wikipedia biography, \"announced in mid-June 2005 that he will seek the Democratic Presidential nomination in 2008 if he believes his message and vision for the country resonate with Americans,\" removed a paragraph about a 1996 plagiarism scandal, as well as changing the section regarding a possible 2008 candidacy to read very positively. A second staffer toned down and removed information about other plagiarism issues as well. The same addresses from Biden's office edited the article on Hamas, which has recently won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council, and is listed as a terrorist organization by Australia, Canada, the European Union, Israel, and the United States, to give its first two paragraphs a more biased stance by removing information about its social welfare programs. Conrad Burns References, citations, and descriptions of Conrad Burns ' use of the word \"ragheads\" were removed from Wikipedia's article, as was mention of legislation, co-sponsored by Burns, that would reduce Native American tribal sovereignty. These were replaced by a paragraph titled \"A Voice for the Farmer\". The citations supported the discussion of Senator Burns's legislative record regarding tribal sovereignty . Norm Coleman The staffers of Senator Norm Coleman changed a description of Coleman as a liberal Democrat in college to an \"activist Democrat,\" and then to \"an active college student.\" They removed references to Coleman's voting record during his first year of Congress, which lined up with President Bush 98\\% of the time, which cited Congressional Quarterly . They also removed a reference to Coleman being persuaded by Karl Rove to run for senator instead of governor in 2002. According to the St. Paul Pioneer Press , \"Coleman's decision to run for senator, rather than governor, was sealed during a walk with President Bush in the White House's Rose Garden,\" rather than Karl Rove. Rove had actually persuaded the former House majority leader of Minnesota and current governor, Tim Pawlenty, not to challenge Norm Coleman in the Senate elections. Still, other portions of the edit removed references to Karl Rove entirely, and their citations, while accentuating the positive side of several issues, including changing \"a budget bill that cut funding from a number of programs\" to \"a deficit-reduction bill.\" Dianne Feinstein The California block of Senate IP addresses made several edits to the Dianne Feinstein article, removing reference to her membership in the Trilateral Commission and to her net worth, with husband Richard C. Blum , but also adding an extensive list of awards. Tom Harkin The staffers of Senator Tom Harkin removed a paragraph relating to Harkin's having falsely claimed to have flown combat missions over North Vietnam, and his subsequent recantation after inquiries by the Wall Street Journal and Barry Goldwater . Another paragraph removed related to a supposed pro-Israeli stance. When examining the edit behavior of IPs it also tended to match the predicted pattern. IPs which were assigned to Florida had edits to Bill Nelson and Mel Martinez and other Florida-related pages primarily, while those assigned to California had edited Dianne Feinstein . Edits coming from the U.S. House of Representatives were less traceable because they came through a proxy server---meaning they all showed up under one IP address.", "after_revision": "190px|The chambers of the U.S. Senate are located on in Staff members of the offices of United States Senators, using Senate-linked , have been editing Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia that allows its users to edit its content. In some cases, they have removed facts from the articles. __NOTOC__ Using the public history of edits on Wikipedia, Wikinews reporters collected every Senate IP address from which Wikipedia edits had been made as of February 3, then examined where the IPs came from and the edits that were made from computers connected at those addresses. IP, or Internet Protocol, addresses are unique numbers electronic devices use to communicate with each other on an individual basis. The investigation showed the vast majority of edits from Senate IPs were beneficial and helpful to Wikipedia. Examples include the creation of the articles on , which organizes students to promote in the developing world, and , which was designed to hold the body of first U.S. President George Washington within the White House Capitol building; and significantly expanding the article on in November. Dozens of small corrections have been made to grammar, spelling, or small facts \u2014 many of them related to the Senate. Senators' staff members have sometimes had to fight to correct inaccuracies. An edit to Jay Rockefeller's article by his staff removed information which may have been biased or untrue. The staff member who edited said, \"Apologies, I was new to using Wikipedia, and I didn't fully realize the workings of the website,\" after other users continuously reinserted the information. The staffer removed the suspect paragraphs 12 times until another Wikipedia user finally removed the information. Four days later, Wikipedia founder got involved. Staffers in the offices of Senator , who, according to his changed Wikipedia biography, \"announced in mid-June 2005 that he will seek the Democratic Presidential nomination in 2008 if he believes his message and vision for the country resonate with Americans,\" removed a paragraph about a 1996 plagiarism scandal, as well as changing the section regarding a possible 2008 candidacy to read very positively. A second staffer toned down and removed information about other plagiarism issues as well. The same addresses from Biden's office edited the article on Hamas, which has recently won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council, and is listed as a terrorist organization by Australia, Canada, the European Union, Israel, and the United States, to give its first two paragraphs a more biased stance by removing information about its social welfare programs. References, citations, and descriptions of ' use of the word \"ragheads\" were removed from Wikipedia's article, as was mention of legislation, co-sponsored by Burns, that would reduce Native American tribal sovereignty. These were replaced by a paragraph titled \"A Voice for the Farmer\". The citations supported the discussion of Senator Burns's legislative record regarding . The staffers of Senator changed a description of Coleman as a liberal Democrat in college to an \"activist Democrat,\" and then to \"an active college student.\" They removed references to Coleman's voting record during his first year of Congress, which lined up with President Bush 98\\% of the time, which cited . They also removed a reference to Coleman being persuaded by to run for senator instead of governor in 2002. According to the , \"Coleman's decision to run for senator, rather than governor, was sealed during a walk with President Bush in the White House's Rose Garden,\" rather than Karl Rove. Rove had actually persuaded the former House majority leader of Minnesota and current governor, Tim Pawlenty, not to challenge Norm Coleman in the Senate elections. Still, other portions of the edit removed references to Karl Rove entirely, and their citations, while accentuating the positive side of several issues, including changing \"a budget bill that cut funding from a number of programs\" to \"a deficit-reduction bill.\" The California block of Senate IP addresses made several edits to the article, removing reference to her membership in the Trilateral Commission and to her net worth, with husband , but also adding an extensive list of awards. The staffers of Senator removed a paragraph relating to Harkin's having falsely claimed to have flown combat missions over North Vietnam, and his subsequent recantation after inquiries by the Wall Street Journal and . Another paragraph removed related to a supposed pro-Israeli stance. When examining the edit behavior of IPs it also tended to match the predicted pattern. IPs which were assigned to Florida had edits to and and other Florida-related pages primarily, while those assigned to California had edited . Edits coming from the U.S. House of Representatives were less traceable because they came through a ---meaning they all showed up under one IP address.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C.", "after": "in", "start_char_pos": 53, "end_char_pos": 85}, {"type": "D", "before": "IP addresses", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 162, "end_char_pos": 174}, {"type": "D", "before": "Click Back America", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 908, "end_char_pos": 926}, {"type": "D", "before": "microfinance", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 965, "end_char_pos": 977}, {"type": "D", "before": "Washington's Tomb", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1007, "end_char_pos": 1024}, {"type": "D", "before": "closed sessions of the United States Senate", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1189, "end_char_pos": 1232}, {"type": "D", "before": "Jimmy Wales", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1890, "end_char_pos": 1901}, {"type": "D", "before": "Joe Biden", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1951, "end_char_pos": 1960}, {"type": "D", "before": "Conrad Burns", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2794, "end_char_pos": 2806}, {"type": "D", "before": "Conrad Burns", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2850, "end_char_pos": 2862}, {"type": "D", "before": "tribal sovereignty", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3194, "end_char_pos": 3212}, {"type": "D", "before": "Norm Coleman", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3215, "end_char_pos": 3227}, {"type": "D", "before": "Norm Coleman", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3252, "end_char_pos": 3264}, {"type": "D", "before": "Congressional Quarterly", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3550, "end_char_pos": 3573}, {"type": "D", "before": "Karl Rove", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3636, "end_char_pos": 3645}, {"type": "D", "before": "St. Paul Pioneer Press", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3711, "end_char_pos": 3733}, {"type": "D", "before": "Dianne Feinstein", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4328, "end_char_pos": 4344}, {"type": "D", "before": "Dianne Feinstein", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4415, "end_char_pos": 4431}, {"type": "D", "before": "Richard C. Blum", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4542, "end_char_pos": 4557}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tom Harkin", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4605, "end_char_pos": 4615}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tom Harkin", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4640, "end_char_pos": 4650}, {"type": "D", "before": "Barry Goldwater", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 4843, "end_char_pos": 4858}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bill Nelson and Mel Martinez", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 5064, "end_char_pos": 5092}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 5097, "end_char_pos": 5097}, {"type": "D", "before": "Dianne Feinstein", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 5183, "end_char_pos": 5199}, {"type": "R", "before": "proxy server---meaning", "after": "---meaning", "start_char_pos": 5302, "end_char_pos": 5324}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 275, 333, 615, 748, 858, 1145, 1245, 1363, 1440, 1548, 1740, 1854, 1915, 2332, 2423, 2793, 3038, 3106, 3214, 3398, 3575, 3693, 3900, 4065, 4327, 4604, 4860, 4928, 5015]} {"doc_id": "3330", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Open letter from international intellectuals, to the international public opinion The kidnapping of Rodrigo Granda, carried out in Venezuelan territory presumably by agents of the Colombian police, is an attempt to create difficulties between both countries in order to debilitate the Bolivarian movement. An additional effect is to reduce the international prestige of the conduct of President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez creating doubts about a possible Venezuelan implication in said kidnapping. All intended to cause a possible armed intervention of the United States as a result of the conflict.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% In view of this stratagem, the undersigned, artists, writers, intellectuals of Our America and the world declare our unrestricted support to the process of social change initiated in Venezuela and declare our adhesion and solidarity to the Bolivarian movement and the diaphanous conduct of its leader President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez Fr\u00edas. Ernesto Cardenal (Nicaragua)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Alfonso Sastre (Spain) Atilio Bor\u00f3n (Argentina)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Emir Sader (Brazil,professor) Lisandro Otero (Cuba)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Theotonio Dos Santos (Brazil) Fernando Morais (Brazil, writer, journalist)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Georges Labica (France) Saul Landau (USA)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Hernando Calvo Ospina (Colombia, writer, journalist) Pascual Serrano (Spain)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Domenico Losurdo (Italy) Gilberto Lopez y Rivas%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Ramon Chao (Spain, musician, writer, journalist) James D. Cockcroft%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Santiago Alba Rico Alex Cox%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Stella Calloni (Argentina, writer, journalist) Carlo Frabetti (Italy, journalist, writer)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Carlos Fazio (Mexico, journalist, writer) Miguel D'Escoto (Nicaragua, priest)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Miguel Urbano (Portugal, journalist) Juan Brom%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Luis Hern\u00e1ndez Navarro (Mexico, journalist) Andr\u00e9s Sorel (Spanish, writer)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% John Gerassi (USA, Professor) Marcos Roitman Rosenmann (Spain, Professor)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% David L. Raby Manuel Cabieses (Chile, journalist)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Eva Forest%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Rev. Ra\u00fal Su\u00e1rez(Cuba)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Francisco Jarauta%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Eva Sastre Forest%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% General Vasco Gon\u00e7alves%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% H\u00e9ctor D\u00edaz-Polanco%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Manuel Talens (Spanish, writer)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Alejandro Moreano (Equador, journalist)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Pablo Armando Fern\u00e1ndez (Cuba,writer)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Keith Ellis%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Dick Emanuelsson (Colombia, journalist)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez Liria (Venezuela, writer)%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Horacio A. L\u00f3pez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Angeles Maestro%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% V\u00edctor R\u00edos%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Danielle Bleitrach%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Alcira Argumedo%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Quintin Cabrera%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Mark Rosenzweig%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Arturo Corchera%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Cuauht\u00e9moc Amezcua Dromundo%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Tubal P\u00e1ez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Irene Amador%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Roger Grevoul%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Julie Ruben%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Anamar\u00eda D\u00edaz%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Carlos Alberto de Almeida%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Alberto Lecchi%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Rosa Miriam Elizalde%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Fran\u00e7ois Duteil%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Humberto Tumini%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Carlos Tena%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Elizabeth Martinez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Juan Carlos Monedero%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Solange R. Echeverria%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Vicente Romano%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Jane de la Selva%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% C\u00e9sar Fern\u00e1ndez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Norma N\u00fa\u00f1ez Montoto%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Marcela Cornejo Z.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Laurindo Leal Filho%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Nayar L\u00f3pez Castellanos%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Julio C. Gambina%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Octavio Mercado Gonz\u00e1lez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Olivia Vidal L\u00f3pez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Miguel \u00c1ngel Buenrostro%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Juan Carlos Volnovich%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Berta Joubert-Ceci%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Jorge Ceballos%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Isaac Rudnik%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Hildebrando P\u00e8rez Grande%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Manuel Ortega Hegg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% H\u00e9lio Doyle%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Dr. Rub\u00e9n Cant\u00fa Chapa%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Corina Mestre%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Manuel Sa Marques%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Oscar-Ren\u00e9 Vargas%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Henri Alleg%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Roberto Mastroianni%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Daniel Chavarr\u00eda%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% El\u00edas Letelier-Ruz%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Pedro Pablo Rodr\u00edguez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Beatriz Rajland%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Victor Casaus%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Luciana Castellina%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Jorge Ra\u00fal Rodr\u00edguez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Adalberto Santana%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Rolando Rodr\u00edguez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Lourdes Gonz\u00e1lez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Rita Terranova%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Alicia Castellanos%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Rolando Gonz\u00e1lez Patricio%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Paulina Fernandez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Vicente Feli\u00fa%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Rafael Cuevas Molina%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Carlos A. Lozano Guill\u00e9n%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Ra\u00fal Villegas D\u00e1valos%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Sergio Guerra%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Enrique Ubieta%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Fernando L\u00f3pez D\u00b4Alejandro%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Ana Daglio%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Oscar Gonz\u00e1lez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Jorge Timossi%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Carlos Oliva%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Ana Mar\u00eda Vera Smith%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Salvador L\u00f3pez Arnal%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Jos\u00e9 Dos Santos%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Humberto Arenal%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Iris Galindo%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Jaime M\u00fchlrad Zimmermann%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Pedro de la Hoz%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Maritza Capote%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Enrique Cirules%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Carlos Alzugaray Treto%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Toty Flores, Argentina.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Daniel Rodr\u00edguez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Alberto Faya%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Marilyn Bobes%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Miguel Alvarez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Carlos Roberto%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Alberto Luis Tabares%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Daniel De Santis Mesa%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Manuel Henr\u00edquez Lagarde%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Mar\u00eda Toledano%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Manuel Fern\u00e1ndez-Cuesta%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Rafael Hern\u00e1ndez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Manuel L\u00f3pez Oliva%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Santiago Pujol%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Aurelio Alonso Tejada%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Alberto Guerra Naranjo%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Felix Contreras%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Magaly S\u00e1nchez Ochoa%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Marina Norma Rodriguez Lopez%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Lino Arturo Neira Betancourt%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Jos\u00e9 Luis Fari\u00f1as%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Juana Garc\u00eda Ab\u00e1s%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Virtudes Feli\u00fa%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Gioia Minuti%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% References%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% See Also Uribe-Chavez meeting postponed February 4, 2005. Venezuela-Colombia crisis:Castro intervenes, Chavez and Uribe scheduled to meet February 01, 2005. Venezuela-Colombia crisis continues January 24, 2005. Brazilian President meets President of Colombia January 20, 2005. Colombia releases official notice in response to Venezuela, January 17, 2005. Capture of FARC member creates crisis between Venezuela and Colombia, January 15, 2005.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Category:January 17, 2005 Category:Colombia Category:Venezuela Category:South America Category:Politics and conflicts Category:Published%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Category:Hugo Chave", "after_revision": " %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Related news", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Open letter from international intellectuals, to the international public opinion", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 81}, {"type": "D", "before": "The kidnapping of Rodrigo Granda, carried out in Venezuelan territory presumably by agents of the Colombian police, is an attempt to create difficulties between both countries in order to debilitate the Bolivarian movement. An additional effect is to reduce the international prestige of the conduct of President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez creating doubts about a possible Venezuelan implication in said kidnapping. All intended to cause a possible armed intervention of the United States as a result of the conflict.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 82, "end_char_pos": 584}, {"type": "D", "before": "In view of this stratagem, the undersigned, artists, writers, intellectuals of Our America and the world declare our unrestricted support to the process of social change initiated in Venezuela and declare our adhesion and solidarity to the Bolivarian movement and the diaphanous conduct of its leader President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez Fr\u00edas.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 614, "end_char_pos": 943}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ernesto Cardenal (Nicaragua)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 944, "end_char_pos": 972}, {"type": "D", "before": "Alfonso Sastre (Spain)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1002, "end_char_pos": 1024}, {"type": "D", "before": "Atilio Bor\u00f3n (Argentina)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1025, "end_char_pos": 1049}, {"type": "D", "before": "Emir Sader (Brazil,professor)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1079, "end_char_pos": 1108}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lisandro Otero (Cuba)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1109, "end_char_pos": 1130}, {"type": "D", "before": "Theotonio Dos Santos (Brazil)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1160, "end_char_pos": 1189}, {"type": "D", "before": "Fernando Morais (Brazil, writer, journalist)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1190, "end_char_pos": 1234}, {"type": "D", "before": "Georges Labica (France)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1264, "end_char_pos": 1287}, {"type": "D", "before": "Saul Landau (USA)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1288, "end_char_pos": 1305}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hernando Calvo Ospina (Colombia, writer, journalist)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1335, "end_char_pos": 1387}, {"type": "D", "before": "Pascual Serrano (Spain)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1388, "end_char_pos": 1411}, {"type": "D", "before": "Domenico Losurdo (Italy)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1441, "end_char_pos": 1465}, {"type": "D", "before": "Gilberto Lopez y Rivas", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1466, "end_char_pos": 1488}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ramon Chao (Spain, musician, writer, journalist)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1518, "end_char_pos": 1566}, {"type": "D", "before": "James D. Cockcroft", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1567, "end_char_pos": 1585}, {"type": "D", "before": "Santiago Alba Rico", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1615, "end_char_pos": 1633}, {"type": "D", "before": "Alex Cox", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1634, "end_char_pos": 1642}, {"type": "D", "before": "Stella Calloni (Argentina, writer, journalist)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1672, "end_char_pos": 1718}, {"type": "D", "before": "Carlo Frabetti (Italy, journalist, writer)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1719, "end_char_pos": 1761}, {"type": "D", "before": "Carlos Fazio (Mexico, journalist, writer)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1791, "end_char_pos": 1832}, {"type": "D", "before": "Miguel D'Escoto (Nicaragua, priest)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1833, "end_char_pos": 1868}, {"type": "D", "before": "Miguel Urbano (Portugal, journalist)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1898, "end_char_pos": 1934}, {"type": "D", "before": "Juan Brom", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1935, "end_char_pos": 1944}, {"type": "D", "before": "Luis Hern\u00e1ndez Navarro (Mexico, journalist)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1974, "end_char_pos": 2017}, {"type": "D", "before": "Andr\u00e9s Sorel (Spanish, writer)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2018, "end_char_pos": 2048}, {"type": "D", "before": "John Gerassi (USA, Professor)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2078, "end_char_pos": 2107}, {"type": "D", "before": "Marcos Roitman Rosenmann (Spain, Professor)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2108, "end_char_pos": 2151}, {"type": "D", "before": "David L. Raby", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2181, "end_char_pos": 2194}, {"type": "D", "before": "Manuel Cabieses (Chile, journalist)", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2195, "end_char_pos": 2230}, {"type": "D", "before": "Eva Forest", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2260, "end_char_pos": 2270}, {"type": "D", "before": "Rev. 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Venezuela-Colombia crisis:Castro intervenes, Chavez and Uribe scheduled to meet February 01, 2005. Venezuela-Colombia crisis continues January 24, 2005. Brazilian President meets President of Colombia January 20, 2005. Colombia releases official notice in response to Venezuela, January 17, 2005. Capture of FARC member creates crisis between Venezuela and Colombia, January 15, 2005.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 7979, "end_char_pos": 8421}, {"type": "D", "before": "Category:January 17, 2005 Category:Colombia Category:Venezuela Category:South America Category:Politics and conflicts Category:Published", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 8451, "end_char_pos": 8587}, {"type": "R", "before": "Category:Hugo Chave", "after": "Related news", "start_char_pos": 8617, "end_char_pos": 8636}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 305, 482, 584, 943, 1024, 1108, 1189, 1287, 1387, 1465, 1566, 1718, 1832, 1934, 2017, 2107, 2140, 2218, 2571, 2937, 2954, 2967, 2981, 2999, 3012, 3025, 3040, 3053, 3068, 3088, 3101, 3114, 3133, 3146, 3160, 3178, 3191, 3202, 3223, 3236, 3249, 3268, 3281, 3298, 3325, 3338, 3350, 3365, 3378, 3390, 3407, 3420, 3432, 3450, 3463, 3475, 3491, 3504, 3519, 3534, 3547, 3560, 3571, 3589, 3602, 3616, 3633, 3646, 3657, 3683, 3696, 4184, 4195, 4208, 4223, 4244, 4257, 4269, 4297, 4310, 4322, 4343, 4356, 4370, 4397, 4410, 4423, 4445, 4458, 4471, 4498, 4511, 4522, 4549, 4562, 4574, 4597, 4610, 4622, 4641, 4654, 4666, 4683, 4696, 4714, 4737, 4750, 4763, 4785, 4798, 4810, 4826, 4839, 4855, 4877, 4890, 4903, 4920, 4933, 4946, 4967, 4980, 4997, 5014, 5027, 5039, 5055, 5068, 5082, 5104, 5117, 5130, 5150, 5163, 5175, 5198, 5211, 5223, 5249, 5262, 5276, 5294, 5307, 5320, 5337, 5350, 5364, 5385, 5398, 5410, 5435, 5448, 5464, 5482, 5495, 5509, 5529, 5542, 5556, 5575, 5588, 5599, 5619, 5632, 5645, 5667, 5680, 5694, 5722, 5735, 5749, 5769, 5782, 5796, 5812, 5825, 5838, 5862, 5875, 5888, 5916, 5929, 5940, 5967, 5980, 5993, 6010, 6023, 6037, 6054, 6067, 6082, 6110, 6123, 6150, 6163, 6175, 6194, 6207, 6219, 6237, 6250, 6263, 6279, 6292, 6308, 6793, 6804, 6817, 6830, 6850, 6863, 6877, 6892, 6905, 6919, 6935, 6948, 6961, 6979, 6992, 7005, 7023, 7036, 7050, 7073, 7086, 7099, 7124, 7137, 7150, 7178, 7191, 7203, 7222, 7235, 7248, 7275, 7288, 7301, 7321, 7334, 7347, 7369, 7382, 7397, 7413, 7426, 7440, 7464, 7477, 7491, 7516, 7529, 7541, 8036, 8135, 8189, 8255, 8333, 8421]} {"doc_id": "33339", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The British newspaper Sunday Telegraph has reported on alleged plans for a U.S. attack on Iran. The plans were allegedly made in retaliation for Iran's uranium enrichment program due to suspicions that it is for military application in the development of nuclear weapons . The paper has also reported that the alleged plans to attack Iran may be a possible motivation for the development of nuclear weapons by Iran; there have been other threats of military response by both the U.S. and Israel . The nation of Iran. Graphic from the CIA World Factbook On February 12, 2006, the Sunday Telegraph claimed that strategists at the Pentagon are \"drawing up plans for devastating bombing raids backed by submarine-launched ballistic missile attacks against Iran's nuclear sites\" as '\"a last resort\" for the situation. Assessments of the time scale for Iran to possibly develop nuclear weapons include three to ten years. According to the Centre for Nonproliferation Studies , cities likely to be targets because of their alleged role in nuclear weapons development include medium-size towns such as Bushehr or Bushire (\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631), population estimated as 165,000 (2005) and Arak with a population of about 511,000 (2005) and the small mountain town of Natanz . Just a few days earlier, an InterPress Service article by Gareth Porter reported that two ex-CIA operatives, Paul Pillar and Ellen Laipson, as saying that one of the main reasons motivating Iran to move towards developing nuclear weapons was the belief in a threat of attack by the United States and/or Israel . Just a few weeks earlier, on January 25, 2006, former UN weapons inspector Hans Blix recommended that the United States give a similar commitment not to attack Iran with either conventional or nuclear weapons, just as it apparently has given to North Korea , stating, \"regime changes, we know, from the outside are not that much of a panacea. So I think [the United States] should contemplate similar offers to Iran as they have to North Korea.\"", "after_revision": "The British newspaper has reported on alleged plans for a U.S. attack on Iran. The plans were allegedly made in retaliation for Iran's uranium enrichment program due to suspicions that it is for military application in the development of . The paper has also reported that the alleged plans to attack Iran may be a possible motivation for the development of nuclear weapons by Iran; there have been other of military response by both the U.S. and . The nation of Iran. Graphic from the CIA World Factbook On February 12, 2006, the Sunday Telegraph claimed that strategists at the are \"drawing up plans for devastating bombing raids backed by submarine-launched ballistic missile attacks against Iran's nuclear sites\" as '\"a last resort\" for the situation. Assessments of the time scale for include three to ten years. According to the , cities likely to be targets because of their alleged role in nuclear weapons development include medium-size towns such as or Bushire (\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631), population estimated as 165,000 (2005) and with a population of about 511,000 (2005) and the small mountain town of . Just a few days earlier, an InterPress Service article by Gareth Porter reported that two ex-CIA operatives, Paul Pillar and Ellen Laipson, as saying that one of the main reasons motivating Iran to move towards developing nuclear weapons was the belief in a . Just a few weeks earlier, on January 25, 2006, former UN weapons inspector recommended that the United States give a similar commitment not to attack Iran with either conventional or nuclear weapons, just as it apparently has given to , stating, \"regime changes, we know, from the outside are not that much of a panacea. So I think [the United States] should contemplate similar offers to Iran as they have to North Korea.\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Sunday Telegraph", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 22, "end_char_pos": 38}, {"type": "D", "before": "nuclear weapons", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 255, "end_char_pos": 270}, {"type": "D", "before": "threats", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 438, "end_char_pos": 445}, {"type": "D", "before": "Israel", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 488, "end_char_pos": 494}, {"type": "D", "before": "Pentagon", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 628, "end_char_pos": 636}, {"type": "D", "before": "Iran to possibly develop nuclear weapons", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 847, "end_char_pos": 887}, {"type": "D", "before": "Centre for Nonproliferation Studies", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 933, "end_char_pos": 968}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bushehr", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1094, "end_char_pos": 1101}, {"type": "D", "before": "Arak", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1165, "end_char_pos": 1169}, {"type": "D", "before": "Natanz", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1243, "end_char_pos": 1249}, {"type": "D", "before": "threat of attack by the United States and/or Israel", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1510, "end_char_pos": 1561}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hans Blix", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1639, "end_char_pos": 1648}, {"type": "D", "before": "North Korea", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1809, "end_char_pos": 1820}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 95, 272, 415, 496, 516, 812, 915, 1160, 1211, 1276, 1360, 1391, 1589, 1906]} {"doc_id": "3366", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Category:United States Category:Politics and conflicts Category:Published Category:George W", "after_revision": "Category:United States Category:Politics and conflicts Category:Published Category:George W", "edit_actions": [], "sents_char_pos": [0]} {"doc_id": "33671", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "The prosecutor did not withold complains for \"simple\" and \"severe\" physical harm by negligence against gendarmes Poget et Deiss in the trial of the Aubonne Bridge affair. Verdict will be given of Friday in the morning. A rope was put across the road: at one end, 20 metres above the river, militant Martin Shaw had tied himself; the rope would get up to the bridge, loop around the bareer , bar the road, loop again at the other bareer , and get down to its other end, with militant Gesine Wenzel. The rope was protected by two barrages of militantes and by posters reading \"Do not shoot\", and \"Stop here or you will kill two people\" (photo ). Neither Wenzel not Shaw had any form of security system and the rope was not tied to the bareers ; thus, the lifes of the two militants depended on the integrity of the rope barring the road. Both activists were invisible from the road, unless looking over the bareer . A dozen of minutes afterward, the police arrived and tried to fre the way for the 200 cars stalled by the blockade. The policemen saw the militants hanging at the end of the rope, and thus tried to have the cars drive below the rope by lifting it. Then, 25-year old gendarme Deiss, from Schaffouse, moved in and cut the rope with his knife. Gesine Wenzel was saved in extremis and pulled onto the bridge, shocked. Martin Shaw fell 20 metres into the shallow river, suffering severe injuries to his spine and several fractures; he had to spent one full month in Hospital to recover, and still suffers from his wounds. The clause of \"rupture of causality links\", which describes cases where things cannot be predicted, does ont apply here because one the situation was assessed, it was the duty of the policemen to warn their collegues. Ma\u00eetre Garbade, lawyer of the plaintifs, also underlined the risks of being softer with the police and of the feeling of impunity which could follow. Since policement are typically confronted to delinquents, he said, their errors bring the contect of the offences commited by their victimes , which tends to induce clemency for them (in the matter, the activists were trialed and convicted for blocking circulation). He also mentionned the difficulty of the investigation : the police was tempted to negate that a policeman had cut the rope, refused to aknowledge some testimonies, and gave immediate psychological support to Deiss, which was not done for the victims. \"I do not believe that this trial would have taken place if it was not for the two video recordings\", he said. Prosecutor M. Stoll, first substitute to the procuror, warned against the \"myth of police impunity\" and argued that he had recently requested and obtained conviction of two policemen. \"Then are no preferences within the prosecution \", he said. The prosecution went on arguing that the \"rupture of causality links\" did in fact apply, since the time between Poget realising the situation and Deiss cutting the rope was very brief (one minute). Absence of dialogue between the policemen and the militants was understandable because the protest was unexpected, illegal and dangerous (the activists had blocked the highway without any signs warning the motorists). The confuse messages of the posters was also alluded to ( \"Do not shoot\" and \"Stop here or you will kill two people\" ) , while a simple drawing of two people hanging from a bridge would have make the situation instantaneously clear for everybody; such drawings are featured on the web site of the activists. The prosecution conclued saying that the \"most probably cause\" of the accident was the protest itself, and dropped the charges. The lawyer for sergeant Poget External links Art. 125 du Code p\u00e9nal suisse Site des militants", "after_revision": "The prosecutor did not withold complains for \"simple\" and \"severe\" physical harm by negligence against gendarmes Poget and Deiss in the trial of the Aubonne Bridge affair. Verdict will be given of Friday in the morning. A rope was put across the road: at one end, 20 metres above the river, militant Martin Shaw had tied himself; the rope would get up to the bridge, loop around the barrier , bar the road, loop again at the other barrier , and get down to its other end, with militant Gesine Wenzel. The rope was protected by two barrages of militantes and by posters reading \"Do not shoot\", and \"Stop here or you will kill two people\" (photo ). Neither Wenzel not Shaw had any form of security system and the rope was not tied to the barriers ; thus, the lives of the two militants depended on the integrity of the rope barring the road. Both activists were invisible from the road, unless looking over the barrier . A dozen minutes afterward, the police arrived and tried to free the way for the 200 cars stalled by the blockade. The policemen saw the militants hanging at the end of the rope, and thus tried to have the cars drive below the rope by lifting it. Then, 25-year old gendarme Deiss, from Schaffouse, moved in and cut the rope with his knife. Gesine Wenzel was saved in extremis and pulled onto the bridge, shocked. Martin Shaw fell 20 metres into the shallow river, suffering severe injuries to his spine and several fractures; he had to spent one full month in hospital to recover, and still suffers from his wounds. The clause of \"rupture of causality links\", which describes cases where things cannot be predicted, does not apply here because once the situation was assessed, it was the duty of the policemen to warn their collegues. Ma\u00eetre Garbade, lawyer of the plaintifs, also underlined the risks of being softer with the police and of the feeling of impunity which could follow. Since policement are typically confronted to delinquents, he said, their errors bring to context the offences commited by their victims , which tends to induce clemency for them (in this matter, the activists were trialed and convicted for blocking traffic circulation). He also mentionned the difficulty of the investigation ; the police was tempted to negate that a policeman had cut the rope, refused to aknowledge some testimonies, and gave immediate psychological support to Deiss, which was not done for the victims. \"I do not believe that this trial would have taken place if it was not for the two video recordings\", he said. Prosecutor M. Stoll, first substitute to the procuror, warned against the \"myth of police impunity\" and argued that he had recently requested and obtained conviction of two policemen. \"Then are no preferences within the prosecution ,\" he said. The prosecution went on arguing that the \"rupture of causality links\" did in fact apply, since the time between Poget realising the situation and Deiss cutting the rope was very brief (one minute). Absence of dialogue between the policemen and the militants was understandable because the protest was unexpected, illegal and dangerous (the activists had blocked the highway without adequate signs warning the motorists). The confused messages of the posters were also alluded to \"Do not shoot\" and \"Stop here or you will kill two people\" , while a simple drawing of two people hanging from a bridge would have make the situation instantaneously clear for everybody; such drawings are featured on the web site of the activists. The prosecution conclued saying that the \"most probable cause\" of the accident was the protest itself, and dropped the charges. 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Despite the announcement on it's website and in the media, the MPAA has failed to notify the administrator's of the sites involved directly. Joe from Binnews told Wikinews he only found out about the MPAA's actions after reading it on several news sites. He said \"At first, I double read the article making sure we were not being punk'd. But then I was shocked that we had to read about it publicly first. As of today (February 25), we have yet to get anything (from the MPAA)\". \" descds \", an administrator of dvdrs.net told Wikinews that the first he knew of the action being taken against the site was when he was approached by the press and users of his site. He said \"We haven't been informed by the MPAA and quite frankly are outraged by the method they have adopted to file these lawsuits. In actual fact we would still be none the wiser had our members and members of the press not have contacted us.\" \"When we found out about the filed lawsuit we was first worried (after all we are only a small site with limited funds), then shocked and finally outraged. Had the MPAA contacted us anytime in the sites history regards their concerns we would have happily worked with them to gain a resolve . \" he said. Binnews told Wikinews \"We do feel they should have notified first. We do not even have a confirmation this is for real.\" Dvdrs said \"We have stated many times had the MPAA personally contacted us we would have happily listened to their issues and acted accordingly. We are doing nothing wrong legally on our site and to be made look like an established piracy ring is an outrage. We have worked extremely hard on site to keep within international laws and they have publicly destroyed everything we have worked towards in the last 2 years. We are receiving negative PR and this is totally unacceptable.\" When questioned asked if Binnews ever received a takedown notice, Binnews replied \"Nope, we have never received a notice from anyone. My cell phone is tied to the site, we have proper DMCA guidelines on the site and no one has contacted us.\" When asked the same question, Dvdrs said \"No never. We would actively respond to any DMCA request quickly and efficiently. We fully support the law and would never try to evade anything within its scope. Had a DMCA been issued by any member, our site would have immediately deleted the offensive file.\" When asked how they would deal with a DMCA takedown notice, Binnews said \"We would act quite quickly. An email sent to the alert system is tied into all of \"staff\" members, my cell phone and my email.\" According to Dvdrs, they would be equally as compliant. \"We would immediately delete the offending file on our server and conduct a thorough research into any files that may also be connected to the one mentioned. We would also respond to the request personally with a follow up email expressing our actions . \" they said. Wikinews asked the administrators if they thought their sites were any different to conventional search engines like Google and Yahoo. Binnews replied \"No, you can goto any search engine and find just about anything.\" Dvdrs also shares Binnews' position telling Wikinews \"No. We index what is already readily available on commercial, tax paying, US based registered companies hard drives. All we are doing is pointing to files not on our network, much the same way google or any search bot operates. We do not host these files and without the premium paid service of third parties our marked up text based XML files are useless. We have never hosted illegal files and only offer information.\" Dvdrs has expressed that if the MPAA deems them illegal they should also target those who are actually hosting the files. Descds said \"We feel that should the MPAA deem us illegal then they must also target premium paid Usenet Providers who act as the transit for these files. Ironically both Easynews and Usenetserver offer both indexing and carrier for these files and yet have received no such lawsuits filed.\" On the other hand, Binnews was surprised that the MPAA did not target ISPs and Usenet providers in the first instance. \"Cut the head off and there is nothing for us to index and report on. If the ISPs acted in a proper manner and did what they are more than capable of, we would not be assisting people in combating piracy on their networks \" they said. Despite being outraged with the MPAA and it's actions, Descds said that despite being outside of US juristiction he is happy to assist the MPAA in anyway necessary. \"We would like it known for the record that we are actively trying to reach a resolve regards this action by the MPAA. We have contacted them and said openly many times we would welcome their input and act accordingly. Should they feel that NZBS are illegal we will remove those sections immediately and await a legal judgement on their legality. DVDRS is not a pirate network and to call us such has insulted our member base.\" \"I would also like it noted that although we host in the US i am actually a UK citizen who currently does not have to adhere to their communications and judgements. However, such is our resolve that I would happily comply should communication between us take place. We can offer little more to help this but hope that the MPAA retract their statement that we are an organised pirate network and restore our good name. Should the MPAA decide to not communicate with us and continue their legal actions we will instruct our attorneys and contact legal bodies like the EFF for help on this matter . \" he added. Binnews also had this to say of the MPAA's lawsuit - \"Binnews does not host any files, the claim that we read \"BinNews.com offers files for over 3,000 movies\" is 100\\% completely false. We do not host any files, never have and never will. We provide a legitimate service to copyright holders. No where on our site does it say, \"join us, we can give you free movies \". We do not even have pre-made nzb files.\" History of binnews and dvdrs.net Binnews started \"as a way to monitor what is on usenet \" according to Joe. \"Our intent is not and never has been to facilitate piracy. Its quite the opposite. We have several guides that explain how binnews can assist a company in getting rid of piracy . \" he said. Dvdrs.net started out as a community site in March, 2004 where people could discuss movies they loved, and hated, offer help to people with home cinema issues, discuss games and basically befriend members. descds said \"We have evolved several times and have always kept a keen eye on the laws of both local and international authorities.\" Dvdrs.net adopted NZBs at users' request several months after the site was launched. descds told Wikinews that the site had never been contacted by any legal representative to ask for the removal of NZB files. \"There has never been a law passed anywhere, as far as we are aware, that states NZB files are illegal to host. Had there been, we would have dropped them and continue with other aspects of our site. DVDRS is not all about indexing Usenet and has a very healthy community discussion group . \" he said.", "after_revision": "In its announcement, the MPAA said it had commenced legal action against the following BitTorrent tracking sites\u2014isohunt.com, bthub.com, and torrentbox.com , which are all owned by the same person; torrentspy.com; niteshadow.com as well as ed2k site ed2k-it.com and Usenet search engines\u2014nzb-zone.com, binnews.com, and dvdrs.net. Despite the announcement on its website and in the media, the MPAA has failed to notify the administrators of the sites involved directly. Joe from Binnews told Wikinews he only found out about the MPAA's actions after reading it on several news sites. He said , \"At first, I double read the article making sure we were not being punk'd. But then I was shocked that we had to read about it publicly first. As of today (February 25), we have yet to get anything (from the MPAA)\". \" Descds \", an administrator of dvdrs.net told Wikinews that the first he knew of the action being taken against the site was when he was approached by the press and users of his site. He said , \"We haven't been informed by the MPAA and quite frankly are outraged by the method they have adopted to file these lawsuits. In actual fact we would still be none the wiser had our members and members of the press not have contacted us.\" \"When we found out about the filed lawsuit we was first worried (after all we are only a small site with limited funds), then shocked and finally outraged. Had the MPAA contacted us anytime in the sites history regards their concerns we would have happily worked with them to gain a resolve , \" he said. Binnews told Wikinews , \"We do feel they should have notified first. We do not even have a confirmation this is for real.\" Dvdrs said , \"We have stated many times had the MPAA personally contacted us we would have happily listened to their issues and acted accordingly. We are doing nothing wrong legally on our site and to be made look like an established piracy ring is an outrage. We have worked extremely hard on site to keep within international laws and they have publicly destroyed everything we have worked towards in the last two years. We are receiving negative PR and this is totally unacceptable.\" When asked if Binnews ever received a takedown notice, Binnews replied , \"Nope, we have never received a notice from anyone. My cell phone is tied to the site, we have proper DMCA guidelines on the site and no one has contacted us.\" When asked the same question, Dvdrs said , \"No never. We would actively respond to any DMCA request quickly and efficiently. We fully support the law and would never try to evade anything within its scope. Had a DMCA been issued by any member, our site would have immediately deleted the offensive file.\" When asked how they would deal with a DMCA takedown notice, Binnews said , \"We would act quite quickly. An email sent to the alert system is tied into all of \"staff\" members, my cell phone and my email.\" According to Dvdrs, they would be equally as compliant. \"We would immediately delete the offending file on our server and conduct a thorough research into any files that may also be connected to the one mentioned. We would also respond to the request personally with a follow up email expressing our actions , \" they said. Wikinews asked the administrators if they thought their sites were any different to conventional search engines like Google and Yahoo. Binnews replied , \"No, you can go to any search engine and find just about anything.\" Dvdrs also shares Binnews' position telling Wikinews , \"No. We index what is already readily available on commercial, tax paying, US based registered companies hard drives. All we are doing is pointing to files not on our network, much the same way google or any search bot operates. We do not host these files and without the premium paid service of third parties our marked up text based XML files are useless. We have never hosted illegal files and only offer information.\" Dvdrs has expressed that if the MPAA deems them illegal they should also target those who are actually hosting the files. Descds said , \"We feel that should the MPAA deem us illegal then they must also target premium paid Usenet Providers who act as the transit for these files. Ironically both Easynews and Usenetserver offer both indexing and carrier for these files and yet have received no such lawsuits filed.\" On the other hand, Binnews was surprised that the MPAA did not target ISPs and Usenet providers in the first instance. \"Cut the head off and there is nothing for us to index and report on. If the ISPs acted in a proper manner and did what they are more than capable of, we would not be assisting people in combating piracy on their networks , \" they said. Despite being outraged with the MPAA and its actions, Descds said that despite being outside of US juristiction he is happy to assist the MPAA in anyway necessary. \"We would like it known for the record that we are actively trying to reach a resolve regards this action by the MPAA. We have contacted them and said openly many times we would welcome their input and act accordingly. Should they feel that NZBS are illegal we will remove those sections immediately and await a legal judgement on their legality. DVDRS is not a pirate network and to call us such has insulted our member base.\" \"I would also like it noted that although we host in the US i am actually a UK citizen who currently does not have to adhere to their communications and judgements. However, such is our resolve that I would happily comply should communication between us take place. We can offer little more to help this but hope that the MPAA retract their statement that we are an organised pirate network and restore our good name. Should the MPAA decide to not communicate with us and continue their legal actions we will instruct our attorneys and contact legal bodies like the EFF for help on this matter , \" he added. Binnews also had this to say of the MPAA's lawsuit : \"Binnews does not host any files, the claim that we read \"BinNews.com offers files for over 3,000 movies\" is 100\\% completely false. We do not host any files, never have and never will. We provide a legitimate service to copyright holders. No where on our site does it say, \"join us, we can give you free movies .\" We do not even have pre-made nzb files.\" History of binnews and dvdrs.net Binnews started \"as a way to monitor what is on usenet , \" according to Joe. \"Our intent is not and never has been to facilitate piracy. Its quite the opposite. We have several guides that explain how binnews can assist a company in getting rid of piracy , \" he said. Dvdrs.net started out as a community site in March, 2004 , where people could discuss movies they loved, and hated, offer help to people with home cinema issues, discuss games and basically befriend members. Descds said, \"We have evolved several times and have always kept a keen eye on the laws of both local and international authorities.\" Dvdrs.net adopted NZBs at users' request several months after the site was launched. Descds told Wikinews that the site had never been contacted by any legal representative to ask for the removal of NZB files. \"There has never been a law passed anywhere, as far as we are aware, that states NZB files are illegal to host. Had there been, we would have dropped them and continue with other aspects of our site. 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The loss drops the Blue Devils to 27-2 while FSU improves to 18-8 . J.J. Redick led the Blue Devils with 30 points while the Seminoles were led by Alexander Thornton's 26. A bit of controversy was sparked when Florida State fans stormed the court early with 1.7 seconds left to play . At this juncture, Duke coach Mike Krzyzweski and his coaching staff left with all the players not in the game to the locker room. Krzyzweski said that he \"would think that security would not be ready for that type of thing. \" This was Duke's first ACC loss of the season. Earlier in the season , Duke narrowly escaped FSU at Cameron Indoor Stadium 97-96 in overtime", "after_revision": "The No. 1 ranked Duke Blue Devils lost to the unranked Florida State Seminoles 79-74 at FSU . The loss drops the Blue Devils to 27-2 (14-1 in the ACC) while FSU improves to 18-8 (8-7 in the ACC) . The Seminoles were led by Al Thornton, who was 15 for 16 at the freethrow line and scored 26 points in 36 minutes of play. Alexander Johnson brought in 22 points for FSU, shooting 10 of 13 at the line and bringing in 13 rebounds. Senior J.J. Redick led the Blue Devils with 30 points , including 4 three point shots, and fellow senior Shelden Williams had 20 points and 16 rebounds. Florida State fans swarmed the court with 1.7 seconds left to play , when the team was ahead 77-72. Duke coach Mike Krzyzweski sent all but the 5 Blue Devil players on the court to the locker room. The Seminoles were assessed a team technical foul, and Redick shot two free throws before play commenced. This marks Duke's first ACC loss of the season. 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The 78th Academy Awards were hosted by Jon Stewart , host of Comedy Central's The Daily Show . Crash won the Best Picture award, a surprise for many predictors. Co-producer Cathy Schulman commented \"[thank you for] embracing our film, about love and about tolerance, about truth. Thank you to the people all around the world who have been touched by this message. And we are humbled by the other nominees in this category. You have made this year one of the most breathtaking, and stunning, maverick years in American cinema, thank you.\" Paul Haggis and Bobby Moresco also won best original screenplay for Crash. Directed and co-produced by Canadian Paul Haggis, film distribution rights were purchased for just USD$3 million by Lions Gate Films. Noted film critic Roger Ebert called it his favourite picture of 2005, and the picture made many North American \"10 best\" lists. Backstage, Best Director winner Ang Lee commented to the press on how Brokeback Mountain refreshed his will to direct. \"Before I get into making this movie, I was very tired from two very ambitious work, The Hulk and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon . I almost wanted to retire. I felt I had enough, I hit the bottom, sort of like my mid life crisis or something, and this movie teach me how to look at myself, how to manage myself in movie making again, enjoying making them, and the movie was shot very simple, nothing special, but most important, it taught me again, it's about human emotions, drama and acting.\" Foreign Language Film winner Gavin Hood ( Tsotsi ) commented that he felt the Oscar win would \"change the way South Africans view their moviemaking... hopefully it means that people will keep investing in our local stories, because this gives investors a little more confidence and what we want more than anything else is that people and human emotion is universal and we're more alike than we think we are around the world... we're actually so similar as human beings inside.\" Tsotsi was the People's Choice Award winner at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, while Crash debuted at the fest in 2004. Capote and Brokeback Mountain both played at the festival days after debuting at the Telluride Film Festival. TIFF's winners often go on to win Best Picture or Best Foreign Language Film; Wo hu cang long (Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon), American Beauty, and Whale Rider are such examples. At one point, Stewart jokingly chastised Hollywood for being \"out of touch\" with mainstream American values. Actor George Clooney later responded to this notion, saying, \"We are a little bit out of touch in Hollywood. It\u2019s probably a good thing. We\u2019re the ones that talked about AIDS when it was just being whispered. And we talked about civil rights when it wasn\u2019t really popular. We bring up subjects. This group of people gave Hattie McDaniel an Oscar in 1939 when blacks were still sitting in the backs of theaters. I\u2019m proud of this Academy, of this community. I\u2019m proud to be out of touch.\"", "after_revision": " The 78th were hosted by , host of 's . Crash won the Best Picture award, a surprise for many predictors. Co-producer commented \"[thank you for] embracing our film, about love and about tolerance, about truth. Thank you to the people all around the world who have been touched by this message. And we are humbled by the other nominees in this category. You have made this year one of the most breathtaking, and stunning, maverick years in American cinema, thank you.\" and also won best original screenplay for Crash. Directed and co-produced by Canadian Paul Haggis, film distribution rights were purchased for just USD$3 million by Lions Gate Films. Noted film critic called it his favourite picture of 2005, and the picture made many North American \"10 best\" lists. Backstage, Best Director winner commented to the press on how refreshed his will to direct. \"Before I get into making this movie, I was very tired from two very ambitious work, and . I almost wanted to retire. I felt I had enough, I hit the bottom, sort of like my mid life crisis or something, and this movie teach me how to look at myself, how to manage myself in movie making again, enjoying making them, and the movie was shot very simple, nothing special, but most important, it taught me again, it's about human emotions, drama and acting.\" Foreign Language Film winner Gavin Hood ( ) commented that he felt the Oscar win would \"change the way South Africans view their moviemaking... hopefully it means that people will keep investing in our local stories, because this gives investors a little more confidence and what we want more than anything else is that people and human emotion is universal and we're more alike than we think we are around the world... we're actually so similar as human beings inside.\" Tsotsi was the People's Choice Award winner at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, while Crash debuted at the fest in 2004. Capote and Brokeback Mountain both played at the festival days after debuting at the Telluride Film Festival. TIFF's winners often go on to win Best Picture or Best Foreign Language Film; (Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon), , and are such examples. At one point, Stewart jokingly chastised Hollywood for being \"out of touch\" with mainstream American values. Actor later responded to this notion, saying, \"We are a little bit out of touch in Hollywood. It\u2019s probably a good thing. We\u2019re the ones that talked about AIDS when it was just being whispered. And we talked about civil rights when it wasn\u2019t really popular. We bring up subjects. This group of people gave Hattie McDaniel an Oscar in 1939 when blacks were still sitting in the backs of theaters. I\u2019m proud of this Academy, of this community. I\u2019m proud to be out of touch.\"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "250px|An Academy Award.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 23}, {"type": "D", "before": "Academy Awards", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 33, "end_char_pos": 47}, {"type": "D", "before": "Jon Stewart", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 63, "end_char_pos": 74}, {"type": "R", "before": "Comedy Central's The Daily Show", "after": "'s", "start_char_pos": 85, "end_char_pos": 116}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cathy Schulman", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 197, "end_char_pos": 211}, {"type": "R", "before": "Paul Haggis and Bobby Moresco", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 562, "end_char_pos": 591}, {"type": "D", "before": "Roger Ebert", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 789, "end_char_pos": 800}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ang Lee", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 932, "end_char_pos": 939}, {"type": "D", "before": "Brokeback Mountain", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 970, "end_char_pos": 988}, {"type": "R", "before": "The Hulk and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 1104, "end_char_pos": 1147}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tsotsi", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1556, "end_char_pos": 1562}, {"type": "D", "before": "Wo hu cang long", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2314, "end_char_pos": 2329}, {"type": "R", "before": "American Beauty, and Whale Rider", "after": ", and", "start_char_pos": 2364, "end_char_pos": 2396}, {"type": "D", "before": "George Clooney", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2531, "end_char_pos": 2545}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 23, 184, 303, 387, 446, 561, 636, 770, 899, 1018, 1149, 1176, 1513, 1991, 2125, 2235, 2313, 2415, 2524, 2633, 2661, 2733, 2797, 2819, 2935, 2981]} {"doc_id": "35104", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "2006 Commonwealth Games Seventh Day of Competition By GoldPos. Country G S B Total 1 30px Australia 54 47 41 142 2 30px England21262168 3 30px| India 1611734 430px| Canada 11 22 16 49 530px Scotland 9 6 9 24 530px | South Africa 9 4 10 237 30pxJamaica 5229 830px| New Zealand 3 5 12 20 830px | Malaysia 3 3 4 10 8 30pxWales 3 1 7 11credit: Melbourne 2006 Full medal count", "after_revision": "2006 Commonwealth Games Eighth Day of Competition By GoldPos. Country G S B Total 1 30px Australia 57 51 45 135 2 30px England21282272 3 30px| India 1611734 430px| Canada 14 22 17 53 530px Scotland 10 7 9 26 630px | South Africa 9 4 10 237 30pxJamaica 52310 830px| New Zealand 4 5 12 21 930px | Malaysia 3 4 5 12 9 30pxWales 3 1 7 11credit: Melbourne 2006 Full medal count", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Seventh", "after": "Eighth", "start_char_pos": 24, "end_char_pos": 31}, {"type": "R", "before": "54 47 41 142", "after": "57 51 45 135", "start_char_pos": 100, "end_char_pos": 112}, {"type": "R", "before": "England21262168", "after": "England21282272", "start_char_pos": 120, "end_char_pos": 135}, {"type": "R", "before": "11", "after": "14", "start_char_pos": 172, "end_char_pos": 174}, {"type": "R", "before": "16 49", "after": "17 53", "start_char_pos": 178, "end_char_pos": 183}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "10 7", "start_char_pos": 199, "end_char_pos": 199}, {"type": "R", "before": "6 9 24 530px", "after": "26 630px", "start_char_pos": 202, "end_char_pos": 214}, {"type": "R", "before": "5229", "after": "52310", "start_char_pos": 253, "end_char_pos": 257}, {"type": "R", "before": "3", "after": "4", "start_char_pos": 277, "end_char_pos": 278}, {"type": "R", "before": "20 830px", "after": "21 930px", "start_char_pos": 284, "end_char_pos": 292}, {"type": "D", "before": "3", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 306, "end_char_pos": 307}, {"type": "R", "before": "10 8", "after": "5 12 9", "start_char_pos": 310, "end_char_pos": 314}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 62]} {"doc_id": "35155", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The judge in the U.S. federal death penalty trial against Zacarias Moussaoui ruled on Friday that prosecutors can seek replacement witnesses for seven Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) employees whose testimony was tainted, and therefore disallowed because of pre-trial coaching by a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) lawyer. The 18-member jury (6 alternates) were sent home for a week while the court dealt with the revelation that government aviation security witness had been contacted prior to the trial by TSA lawyer Carla J. Martin , to help prepare their testimony in the case. Judge Leonie M. Brinkema initially ruled to prevent testimony from any aviation employees, but reversed her decision after the prosecution argued they would have little case left if their testimony remained inadmissible. FAA employee testimoney is expected to take the form of what measures would have been taken by the agency to prevent against the September 11, 2001 airliner attacks in New York City and Washington D.C. if Moussaoui had warned officials of the plan prior to the strikes. Defense attorney Edward B. MacMahon said that Moussaoui \"aspires to martyrdom,\" and called on jurors to deny the Al-Qaeda operative his wish to die. A wish that would result in him becoming \"a smiling face on a recruiting poster for Osama bin Laden ,\" MacMahon said. Moussaoui is believed by some to be the missing member in the team of 19 other attackers that carried out the suicide airliner strikes in New York City and Washington D.C. Arrested in Minnesota on immigration charges three weeks prior to the attacks, Moussaoui could have warned officials of the pending attacks, but failed to do so, argued Assistant U.S. Attorney Rob Spencer for the prosecution in opening statements. Family members of the nearly 3,000 killed in the attacks were able to watch the Alexandria , Virginia courtroom proceedings by closed-circuit television in six U.S. cities: New York, Boston, Central Islip, N.Y., Newark , N.J., and Philadelphia.", "after_revision": "The judge in the U.S. federal death penalty trial against ruled on Friday that prosecutors can seek replacement witnesses for seven (FAA) employees whose testimony was tainted, and therefore disallowed because of pre-trial coaching by a (TSA) lawyer. The 18-member jury (6 alternates) were sent home for a week while the court dealt with the revelation that government aviation security witness had been contacted prior to the trial by TSA lawyer , to help prepare their testimony in the case. Judge initially ruled to prevent testimony from any aviation employees, but reversed her decision after the prosecution argued they would have little case left if their testimony remained inadmissible. FAA employee testimoney is expected to take the form of what measures would have been taken by the agency to prevent against the airliner attacks in and if Moussaoui had warned officials of the plan prior to the strikes. Defense attorney Edward B. MacMahon said that Moussaoui \"aspires to martyrdom,\" and called on jurors to deny the operative his wish to die. A wish that would result in him becoming \"a smiling face on a recruiting poster for ,\" MacMahon said. Moussaoui is believed by some to be the missing member in the team of 19 other attackers that carried out the suicide airliner strikes in New York City and Washington D.C. Arrested in on immigration charges three weeks prior to the attacks, Moussaoui could have warned officials of the pending attacks, but failed to do so, argued Assistant U.S. Attorney Rob Spencer for the prosecution in opening statements. Family members of the nearly 3,000 killed in the attacks were able to watch the , Virginia courtroom proceedings by closed-circuit television in six U.S. cities: New York, Boston, Central Islip, N.Y., , N.J., and Philadelphia.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Zacarias Moussaoui", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 58, "end_char_pos": 76}, {"type": "D", "before": "Federal Aviation Administration", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 151, "end_char_pos": 182}, {"type": "D", "before": "Transportation Security Administration", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 288, "end_char_pos": 326}, {"type": "D", "before": "Carla J. Martin", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 537, "end_char_pos": 552}, {"type": "D", "before": "Leonie M. Brinkema", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 606, "end_char_pos": 624}, {"type": "D", "before": "September 11, 2001", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 950, "end_char_pos": 968}, {"type": "R", "before": "New York City and Washington D.C.", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 989, "end_char_pos": 1022}, {"type": "D", "before": "Al-Qaeda", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1204, "end_char_pos": 1212}, {"type": "D", "before": "Osama bin Laden", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1324, "end_char_pos": 1339}, {"type": "D", "before": "Minnesota", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1542, "end_char_pos": 1551}, {"type": "D", "before": "Alexandria", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1858, "end_char_pos": 1868}, {"type": "D", "before": "Newark", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1990, "end_char_pos": 1996}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 340, 599, 820, 1090, 1239, 1357, 1777]} {"doc_id": "35963", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "90px|Photos of Cronulla Riot suspects released to the ozzie media last week New South Wales Police say a 21-year-old ozzie woman has been charged in relation to the riots at Sydney's Cronulla Beach last year. She is the first ozzie woman to be arrested over reprisals from the December 11 ozzie race-fuelled riot. The ozzie woman was charged with affray, assaulting ozzie police, resisting arrest and disobeying ozzie police direction. She was refused bail. Ozzie police said the charges related to the violent and anti-social behaviour of a large number of ozzie people who gathered at Brighton-le-Sands on the night of the Cronulla riot. Three men have also been arrested in relation to the Cronulla riot. A 19-year-old ozzie man handed himself into ozzie police yesterday and is due to face Parramatta Local Court charged with riot and affray. A 21-year-old ozzie man from Cronulla also yesterday handed himself into ozzie detectives from Strike Force Enoggera, which was set up to investigate the ozzie racial unrest. The ozzie man was among the 20 whose photos were released to the ozzie media last week. Another ozzie man, whose photo was release to the ozzie media, handed himself in to ozzie police last night. He was charged with riot and affray and given conditional bail to appear at Sutherland Local Court on April 6. Ozzie police say Strike Force Enoggera has arrested 78 people to date, with 189 charges laid.", "after_revision": "90px|Photos of Cronulla Riot suspects released to the media last week New South Wales Police say a 21-year-old woman has been charged in relation to the riots at Sydney's Cronulla Beach last year. She is the first woman to be arrested over reprisals from the December 11 race-fuelled riot. The woman was charged with affray, assaulting police, resisting arrest and disobeying police direction. She was refused bail. Police said the charges related to the violent and anti-social behaviour of a large number of people who gathered at Brighton-le-Sands on the night of the Cronulla riot. Three men have also been arrested in relation to the Cronulla riot. A 19-year-old man handed himself into police yesterday and is due to face Parramatta Local Court charged with riot and affray. A 21-year-old man from Cronulla also yesterday handed himself into detectives from Strike Force Enoggera, which was set up to investigate the racial unrest. The man was among the 20 whose photos were released to the media last week. Another man, whose photo was release to the media, handed himself in to police last night. He was charged with riot and affray and given conditional bail to appear at Sutherland Local Court on April 6. Police say Strike Force Enoggera has arrested 78 people to date, with 189 charges laid.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 54, "end_char_pos": 59}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 117, "end_char_pos": 122}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 226, "end_char_pos": 231}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 289, "end_char_pos": 294}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 318, "end_char_pos": 323}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 366, "end_char_pos": 371}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 412, "end_char_pos": 417}, {"type": "R", "before": "Ozzie police", "after": "Police", "start_char_pos": 458, "end_char_pos": 470}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 558, "end_char_pos": 563}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 722, "end_char_pos": 727}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 752, "end_char_pos": 757}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 861, "end_char_pos": 866}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 920, "end_char_pos": 925}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1001, "end_char_pos": 1006}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1026, "end_char_pos": 1031}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1087, "end_char_pos": 1092}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1118, "end_char_pos": 1123}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1160, "end_char_pos": 1165}, {"type": "D", "before": "ozzie", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1194, "end_char_pos": 1199}, {"type": "R", "before": "Ozzie police", "after": "Police", "start_char_pos": 1330, "end_char_pos": 1342}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 208, 313, 435, 457, 639, 707, 846, 1021, 1109, 1218]} {"doc_id": "36498", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "David Parker today resigned from Cabinet; a day after he resigned his position as Attorney-General , after publicity around his filing of an incorrect declaration , with the Companies Office on behalf of Queens Park Mews Limited. The declaration said that ; the three shareholders had unanimously agreed not to appoint an auditor for the company , but according to Investigate Magazine, another shareholder Russell Hyslop, had never been consulted about the matter. Parker was saying early this morning , that he would persist to hold his other portfolios. Prime Minister Helen Clark released the news shortly before 11am (NZST) as she walked into a caucus meeting. She says \"I have this morning accepted Mr Parker's resignation from all his portfolios.\" Knowingly authorising a false statement is an offence under the Companies Act. The maximum penalty punishable under section 373(4) for filing a false return is a fine of $200,000 or 5 years imprisonment.", "after_revision": "David Parker resigned today from Cabinet, a day after he resigned his position as Attorney-General and after publicity around his filing of an incorrect declaration with the Companies Office on behalf of Queens Park Mews Limited. The declaration said that the three shareholders had unanimously agreed not to appoint an auditor for the company ; but according to Investigate Magazine, another shareholder , Russell Hyslop, had never been consulted about the matter. Parker was saying early this morning that he would persist in holding his other portfolios. Prime Minister Helen Clark released the news shortly before 11 a.m. (NZST) as she walked into a caucus meeting. She said, \"I have this morning accepted Mr Parker's resignation from all his portfolios.\" Knowingly authorising a false statement is an offence under the Companies Act. The maximum penalty under section 373(4) for filing a false return is a fine of $200,000 or five years of imprisonment.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "today resigned from Cabinet;", "after": "resigned today from Cabinet,", "start_char_pos": 13, "end_char_pos": 41}, {"type": "R", "before": ",", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 99, "end_char_pos": 100}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 163, "end_char_pos": 164}, {"type": "D", "before": ";", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 256, "end_char_pos": 257}, {"type": "R", "before": ",", "after": ";", "start_char_pos": 346, "end_char_pos": 347}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 407, "end_char_pos": 407}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 504, "end_char_pos": 505}, {"type": "R", "before": "to hold", "after": "in holding", "start_char_pos": 528, "end_char_pos": 535}, {"type": "R", "before": "11am", "after": "11 a.m.", "start_char_pos": 618, "end_char_pos": 622}, {"type": "R", "before": "says", "after": "said,", "start_char_pos": 671, "end_char_pos": 675}, {"type": "D", "before": "punishable", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 855, "end_char_pos": 865}, {"type": "R", "before": "5 years", "after": "five years of", "start_char_pos": 938, "end_char_pos": 945}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 41, 229, 257, 466, 557, 666, 834]} {"doc_id": "36552", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The personal correspondence of the former Archbishop of North and South America, and spiritual leader of the Greek Orthodox community in the United States of America for 37 years, Iakovos Coucouzis, will be published during 2006. The Archbishop passed away in 2005. The publication of the correspondence of the late Archbishop will be the result of co-operation between the Theology School of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , the non-governmental Institute for National and Religious Studies and the program Ecumenical Hellenism . According to Athanasios Angelopoulos \u2014 who, along with theology professor Athanasios Karathanasis and political science student Nicolaos Mottas, has the scientific diligence of the project \u2014 the personal correspondence of Iakovos contains important information about the national issues of Greece, such as the Cyprus, Macedonian and the northern Epirus issues. A dynamic personality, the spiritual leader of the Greek Orthodox community in the United States from 1959 to 1996, Iakovos, constructed relations with all the American presidents, from Harry Truman to Bill Clinton, and with various personalities from the Americas, such as minority leaders, with most famous being his friendship with Martin Luther King Jr . The personal correspondence of the Greek Orthodox leader contains letters between Iakovos and various United States presidents, including John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon , Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, and with other political personalities \u2014 ministers, ambassadors, Washington, D.C. officials and former Greek Prime Ministers, including Constantine Caramanlis and Andreas Papandreou . According to professor Angelopoulos, the two-volume publication will contain photocopies of the original correspondence documents and moreover a major text \u2014 written in by Angelopoulos in Greek and translated into English by Nicolaos Mottas \u2014 which will summarize the essentians and meaning of Iakovos' correspondence, as well as its impact on the political, social and religious life of the Greek Orthodox Community in the United States of America and on Greek-American relations. Archbishop Iakovos with John F. Kennedy, 1960s. The supervisor of the project, professor Athanasios Angelopoulos, stated that Archbishop Iakovos' personal correspondence will be published in 2006. The publication, which will be prefaced by the Archbishop of Athens and All Greece, Archbishop Christodoulos , will be presented in Thessaloniki, Athens, and possibly to the Greek Community in the United States . External Links URL - Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America URL - Orthodoxwiki%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% category:Religion category:Greece category:United States Category:North America Category:South America Category:George H. W .", "after_revision": "The personal correspondence of the former Archbishop of North and South America, and spiritual leader of the community in the United States of America for 37 years, Iakovos Coucouzis, will be published during 2006. The Archbishop passed away in 2005. The publication of the correspondence of the late Archbishop will be the result of co-operation between the Theology School of the , the non-governmental Institute for National and Religious Studies and the program . According to \u2014 who, along with theology professor Athanasios Karathanasis and political science student Nicolaos Mottas, has the scientific diligence of the project \u2014 the personal correspondence of Iakovos contains important information about the national issues of Greece, such as the Cyprus, and the northern issues. A dynamic personality, the spiritual leader of the Greek Orthodox community in the United States from 1959 to 1996, Iakovos, constructed relations with all the American presidents, from to Bill Clinton, and with various personalities from the Americas, such as minority leaders, with most famous being his friendship with . The personal correspondence of the Greek Orthodox leader contains letters between Iakovos and various United States presidents, including , , Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, and with other political personalities \u2014 ministers, ambassadors, Washington, D.C. officials and former Greek Prime Ministers, including and . According to professor Angelopoulos, the two-volume publication will contain photocopies of the original correspondence documents and moreover a major text \u2014 written in by Angelopoulos in and translated into by Nicolaos Mottas \u2014 which will summarize the essentians and meaning of Iakovos' correspondence, as well as its impact on the political, social and religious life of the Greek Orthodox Community in the United States of America and on Greek-American relations. Archbishop Iakovos with John F. Kennedy, 1960s. The supervisor of the project, professor Athanasios Angelopoulos, stated that Archbishop Iakovos' personal correspondence will be published in 2006. The publication, which will be prefaced by the Archbishop of Athens and All Greece, Archbishop , will be presented in Thessaloniki, Athens, and possibly to the Greek Community in the United States %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Greek Orthodox", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 109, "end_char_pos": 123}, {"type": "D", "before": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 397, "end_char_pos": 433}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ecumenical Hellenism", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 518, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "D", "before": "Athanasios Angelopoulos", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 554, "end_char_pos": 577}, {"type": "D", "before": "Macedonian", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 859, "end_char_pos": 869}, {"type": "D", "before": "Epirus", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 887, "end_char_pos": 893}, {"type": "D", "before": "Harry Truman", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1088, "end_char_pos": 1100}, {"type": "D", "before": "Martin Luther King Jr", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1237, "end_char_pos": 1258}, {"type": "D", "before": "John F. 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W", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2653, "end_char_pos": 2776}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 229, 265, 540, 901, 924, 1017, 1082, 1510, 1653, 2135, 2183, 2332]} {"doc_id": "36888", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The British National Party(BNP) a far-right political party , failed to hold onto one of its seats on Bradford City Council, West Yorkshire, UK. The byelection was called after the incumbent BNP councillor, Angela Clark, stood down. The seat was won in 2004 following a BNP hijacking of a campaign against gangs grooming girls for sex. The BNP claimed white girls were being groomed by Asian men for sex. The original campaign was organised by Angela Sinfield, whose 13 year-old daughter was groomed by a gang which she pointed out contained white and Asian men. Sinfield joined the Labour Party last year and was its candidate for the Keighley West seat. She sensationally won the seat with 1819 votes over the BNP's 1216, a swing of 11.4 per cent from the BNP to Labour. The voter turnout was near general election levels, 58.8 per cent.Three BNP councillors remain on Bradford City Council, with two of them up for election in May.", "after_revision": "The British National Party(BNP) , a far-right political party failed to hold on to one of its seats on Bradford City Council, West Yorkshire, UK. The byelection was called after the incumbent BNP councillor, Angela Clark, stood down. BNP had won the seat in 2004 after it adapted an ongoing campaign against gangs grooming girls for sex. The BNP claimed white girls were being groomed by Asian men for sex. The original campaign was organised by Angela Sinfield, whose 13 year-old daughter was groomed by a gang which she pointed out contained white and Asian men. Sinfield joined the Labour Party last year and was its candidate for the Keighley West seat. She sensationally won the seat with 1819 votes over the BNP's 1216, a swing of 11.4 per cent from the BNP to Labour. The voter turnout was near general election levels, 58.8 per cent.Three BNP councillors remain on Bradford City Council, with two of them up for election in May.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 32, "end_char_pos": 32}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 61, "end_char_pos": 62}, {"type": "R", "before": "onto", "after": "on to", "start_char_pos": 78, "end_char_pos": 82}, {"type": "R", "before": "The seat was won", "after": "BNP had won the seat", "start_char_pos": 234, "end_char_pos": 250}, {"type": "R", "before": "following a BNP hijacking of a", "after": "after it adapted an ongoing", "start_char_pos": 259, "end_char_pos": 289}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 145, 233, 336, 405, 563, 656, 773, 840]} {"doc_id": "37240", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "Pro Hart's Gallery in Broken Hill, NSW Pro Hart, the self-taught, internationally-acclaimed Australian artist, died at home in Broken Hill on Tuesday after family members decided to cease his medication. The 77-year-old had been ill with motor neurone disease. Family members described his passing as peaceful. Pro Hart is a household name in Australia. Pro Hart's son, John Hart, says a State funeral is being organised for his father. He says his father lost the ability to paint about six months ago. Pro Hart's son David today said the funeral for the \"brushman of the bush\" will be held in the far-western New South Wales mining city of Broken Hill , for next Tuesday. \"It will be held next Tuesday\", he said, \"probably in the town's civic centre.\" Born Kevin Charles Hart in Broken Hill on May 30, 1928, his mining mates nicknamed him 'Professor' due to his passion for invention. He started painting \"cheeky\" pictures on the wooden beams of the mines he worked in. Pro Hart went to few art classes and started painting full-time in 1958. His work hangs in collections all over the world. Agent Amanda Phillips says Mr Hart was one of Australia's most renowned artists yet his paintings are not in the National Gallery . \"He's a great Australian, I mean he's been given an MBE for his services to art, he's been honoured all around the world, his work hangs in major collections around the world, why isn't he displayed here in Australia? A spokeswoman for the National Gallery confirmed they had a \"very limited collection\" of Pro Hart's works although no paintings. Cannon Technique Pro Hart is renowned for his unique 'cannon' technique, which he developed in 1970. 'Cannon' painting works by filling balls with paint and firing them at the canvas using a hand-held cannon. The Federal Member for Parkes, John Cobb, said Pro Hart had been an inspirational figure in Broken Hill and helped to establish the town as one of the Australia's greatest artistic centres. Prime Minister John Howard described Hart as a great artist whose portraits of the outback were instantly recognisable. \"Not only will he be remembered as one of our finest painters but also for the mark he made in sculpture and through his book illustrations,\" Mr Howard said in a statement. \"He made a wonderful contribution to art and culture in Australia, enhancing its profile on the world stage.\" Fellow artist Ken Done said Pro Hart's legacy was \"in his paintings\". He said the painter was best known for his portraits of the outback. \"But I think his strongest pictures were the ones he did about his time underground \u2013 those tougher times, tougher men \u2013 and he brought a real sensitivity to that experience,\" Mr Done said. Pro Hart received the Member of the Order of the British Empire award in 1976 for his services to art in Australia. He is survived by his wife Raylee, three sons and two daughters.", "after_revision": "Pro Hart's Gallery in Broken Hill, NSW Pro Hart, the self-taught, internationally-acclaimed Australian artist, died at home in Broken Hill on March 28 after family members decided to cease his medication. The 77-year-old had been ill with motor neurone disease. Family members described his passing as peaceful. Hart is a household name in Australia. Hart's son, John Hart, says a State funeral is being organised for his father. He says his father lost the ability to paint about six months ago. Pro Hart's son David today said the funeral for the \"brushman of the bush\" will be held in the far-western New South Wales mining city of Broken Hill next Tuesday. \"It will be held next Tuesday\", he said, \"probably in the town's civic centre.\" Born Kevin Charles Hart in Broken Hill on May 30, 1928, his mining mates nicknamed him 'Professor' due to his passion for invention. He started painting \"cheeky\" pictures on the wooden beams of the mines he worked in. Hart went to few art classes and started painting full-time in 1958. His work hangs in collections all over the world. Agent Amanda Phillips says Hart was one of Australia's most renowned artists yet his paintings are not in the National Gallery of Australia . \"He's a great Australian, I mean he's been given an MBE for his services to art, he's been honoured all around the world, his work hangs in major collections around the world, why isn't he displayed here in Australia? A spokeswoman for the National Gallery confirmed they had a \"very limited collection\" of Pro Hart's works although no paintings. Cannon Technique Hart is renowned for his unique 'cannon' technique, which he developed in 1970. 'Cannon' painting works by filling balls with paint and firing them at the canvas using a hand-held cannon. The Federal Member for Parkes, John Cobb, said Hart had been an inspirational figure in Broken Hill and helped to establish the town as one of the Australia's greatest artistic centres. Prime Minister John Howard described Hart as a great artist whose portraits of the outback were instantly recognisable. \"Not only will he be remembered as one of our finest painters but also for the mark he made in sculpture and through his book illustrations,\" Howard said in a statement. \"He made a wonderful contribution to art and culture in Australia, enhancing its profile on the world stage.\" Fellow artist Ken Done said Hart's legacy was \"in his paintings\". He said the painter was best known for his portraits of the outback. \"But I think his strongest pictures were the ones he did about his time underground \u2013 those tougher times, tougher men \u2013 and he brought a real sensitivity to that experience,\" Done said. Hart received the Member of the Order of the British Empire award in 1976 for his services to art in Australia. 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Caramanlis and Erdogan had the opportunity to discuss the bilateral issues between Greece and Turkey, such as the Cyprus Issue, the dispute between the two countries in the area of Aegean Sea as well as the process of Turkey's efforts to become a member of the European Union. Today, the Prime Minister of Turkey will have the opportunity to visit the Turkish Consulate of Thessaloniki; the house in which the founder of the Republic of Turkey, Kemal Ataturk , was born. Except from the Caramanlis-Erdogan meeting, important discussions took place in Thessaloniki between the leaders of Southeast Europe countries. The Bulgarian Prime Minister denied the reports in Bulgarian Media, whereby the Bulgarian public sector was backing out of the Burgas-Alexandroupolis oil pipe construction. In addition, the leaders welcomed the signing of the agreement for constructing a state-of-the-art railroad network in Southeast Europe, which as he said, would modernise rail transport, reduce travel time and increase the quality of the services provided in the region.", "after_revision": "The Greek Premier and his counterpart of Turkey, , had a meeting, for 45 minutes, in , northern Greece, in the sidelines of the Inter-Balkan Cooperation Summit. Caramanlis and Erdogan had the opportunity to discuss the bilateral issues between Greece and Turkey, such as the Cyprus Issue, the dispute between the two countries in the area of Aegean Sea as well as the process of Turkey's efforts to become a member of the European Union. Today, the Prime Minister of Turkey will have the opportunity to visit the Turkish Consulate of Thessaloniki; the house in which the founder of the , , was born. Except from the Caramanlis-Erdogan meeting, important discussions took place in Thessaloniki between the leaders of Southeast Europe countries. The Bulgarian Prime Minister denied the reports in Bulgarian Media, whereby the Bulgarian public sector was backing out of the - oil pipe construction. In addition, the leaders welcomed the signing of the agreement for constructing a state-of-the-art railroad network in Southeast Europe, which as he said, would modernise rail transport, reduce travel time and increase the quality of the services provided in the region.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Kostas Caramanlis", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 18, "end_char_pos": 35}, {"type": "D", "before": "Rejep Tayyip Erdogan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 67, "end_char_pos": 87}, {"type": "D", "before": "Thessaloniki", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 124, "end_char_pos": 136}, {"type": "D", "before": "Republic of Turkey, Kemal Ataturk", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 638, "end_char_pos": 671}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 674, "end_char_pos": 674}, {"type": "R", "before": "Burgas-Alexandroupolis", "after": "-", "start_char_pos": 956, "end_char_pos": 978}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 212, 489, 599, 684, 828, 1001]} {"doc_id": "40180", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "17 year old Arsenal FC striker Theo Walcott is the biggest surprise in England national team coach Sven-G\u00f6ran Eriksson 's preliminary pick for the FIFA World Cup 2006 in Germany. Injured Wayne Rooney is also one of the players in the squad. Theo Walcott hasn't yet played a Premier League game but Eriksson thinks that the team needs players with Walcott's pace. Eriksson decided this morning to pick Walcott ahead of players like Darren Bent and Jermain Defoe . When he named Walcott there were a lot of surprised journalists in the press conference room. \"Sometimes you do it on feelings as well and I am excited about Theo Walcott,\" Eriksson said at the press conference. He consulted his assistant coach Tord Grip and Arsenal FC coach Arsene Wenger when he picked Walcott. Wenger, who in January convinced the Arsenal FC directors to transfer Walcott from Southampton FC , is impressed of what he have seen of him. Michael Owen is expected to train with the national team from Monday. Ledley King was not picked for the squad due to an injury and hasn't been able to train. Tottenham Hotspur FC coach Martin Jol is amazed that Jermain Defoe is not in the squad but he still believes that he will be there, referring to the situation with Wayne Rooney and Michael Owen. Charlton striker Darren Bent says on his agents' website that he is disappointed to be overlooked.", "after_revision": "17 year old striker is the biggest surprise in England national team coach 's preliminary pick for the in Germany. Injured is also one of the players in the squad. Theo Walcott hasn't yet played a game but Eriksson thinks that the team needs players with Walcott's pace. Eriksson decided this morning to pick Walcott ahead of players like and . When he named Walcott there were a lot of surprised journalists in the press conference room. \"Sometimes you do it on feelings as well and I am excited about Theo Walcott,\" Eriksson said at the press conference. He consulted his assistant coach Tord Grip and Arsenal FC coach Arsene Wenger when he picked Walcott. Wenger, who in January convinced the Arsenal FC directors to transfer Walcott from , is impressed of what he has seen of him. is expected to train with the national team from Monday. was not picked for the squad due to an injury and hasn't been able to train. coach is amazed that Jermain Defoe is not in the squad but he still believes that he will be there, referring to the situation with Wayne Rooney and Michael Owen. striker Darren Bent says on his agents' website that he is disappointed to be overlooked.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Arsenal FC striker Theo Walcott", "after": "striker", "start_char_pos": 12, "end_char_pos": 43}, {"type": "D", "before": "Sven-G\u00f6ran Eriksson", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 99, "end_char_pos": 118}, {"type": "D", "before": "FIFA World Cup 2006", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 147, "end_char_pos": 166}, {"type": "D", "before": "Wayne Rooney", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 187, "end_char_pos": 199}, {"type": "D", "before": "Premier League", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 274, "end_char_pos": 288}, {"type": "R", "before": "Darren Bent and Jermain Defoe", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 431, "end_char_pos": 460}, {"type": "D", "before": "Southampton FC", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 860, "end_char_pos": 874}, {"type": "R", "before": "have", "after": "has", "start_char_pos": 901, "end_char_pos": 905}, {"type": "D", "before": "Michael Owen", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 919, "end_char_pos": 931}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ledley King", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 989, "end_char_pos": 1000}, {"type": "R", "before": "Tottenham Hotspur FC coach Martin Jol", "after": "coach", "start_char_pos": 1078, "end_char_pos": 1115}, {"type": "D", "before": "Charlton", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1273, "end_char_pos": 1281}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 178, 240, 362, 462, 556, 674, 776, 918, 988, 1077, 1272]} {"doc_id": "41428", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Map of East Timor Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Alexander Downer ( Mayo, Liberal told parliament on Tuesday that the government has received fresh reports of violence in East Timor. Mr Downer told the Australian House of Representatives that he has received fresh reports of violence breaking out in parts of the East Timorese capital Dili as well as other parts of the nation. According to the Australian Deparment of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), there were shoot outs near Becora and Fatuahi on Tuesday involving the East Timorese military and militia. Violence broke out in East Timor in April , 2006 following the dismissal of 585 East Timorese soldiers for deserting. On April 28, 2006, five people were killed in violent clashes in Dili. An independent commission has been setup by the East timorese government to investigate complaints by the dismissed soldiers. Mr Downer urged the commission to \"conclude it's work quickly as a first step to the resolution of the current crisis\". Mr Downer said that he had made it clear to the East Timorese government that Australia will assist in East Timor if requested. He said that the Australian military have a rapid response team, consisiting of naval ships, aircraft and troops deployed in Northern Australia ready to go to East Timor if requested.", "after_revision": "Map of East Timor On Tuesday Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Alexander Downer ( Division of Mayo, Liberal ) told parliament that the government has received fresh reports of violence in East Timor. Mr . Downer told the Australian House of Representatives that he has received fresh reports of violence erupting in parts of the East Timorese capital , Dili, as well as other parts of the nation. According to the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), there were shootouts near Becora and Fatuahi on Tuesday involving the East Timorese military and militia. Violence erupted in East Timor in April 2006 following the dismissal of 585 East Timorese soldiers for deserting. On April 28, 2006, five people were killed in violent clashes in Dili. An independent commission has been setup by the East Timorese government to investigate complaints by the dismissed soldiers. Mr . Downer urged the commission to \"conclude its work quickly as a first step to the resolution of the current crisis\". Mr . Downer said that he had made it clear to the East Timorese government that Australia will assist in East Timor if requested. He said that the Australian military have a rapid response team, consisting of naval ships, aircraft and troops deployed in Northern Australia ready to go to East Timor if requested.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "On Tuesday", "start_char_pos": 18, "end_char_pos": 18}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Division of", "start_char_pos": 79, "end_char_pos": 79}, {"type": "R", "before": "told parliament on Tuesday", "after": ") told parliament", "start_char_pos": 94, "end_char_pos": 120}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ".", "start_char_pos": 198, "end_char_pos": 198}, {"type": "R", "before": "breaking out", "after": "erupting", "start_char_pos": 298, "end_char_pos": 310}, {"type": "R", "before": "Dili", "after": ", Dili,", "start_char_pos": 349, "end_char_pos": 353}, {"type": "R", "before": "Deparment", "after": "Department", "start_char_pos": 420, "end_char_pos": 429}, {"type": "R", "before": "shoot outs", "after": "shootouts", "start_char_pos": 478, "end_char_pos": 488}, {"type": "R", "before": "broke out", "after": "erupted", "start_char_pos": 583, "end_char_pos": 592}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 616, "end_char_pos": 617}, {"type": "R", "before": "timorese", "after": "Timorese", "start_char_pos": 816, "end_char_pos": 824}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ".", "start_char_pos": 892, "end_char_pos": 892}, {"type": "R", "before": "it's", "after": "its", "start_char_pos": 934, "end_char_pos": 938}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ".", "start_char_pos": 1013, "end_char_pos": 1013}, {"type": "R", "before": "consisiting", "after": "consisting", "start_char_pos": 1204, "end_char_pos": 1215}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 194, 391, 573, 691, 762, 888, 1009, 1138]} {"doc_id": "42099", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "200px|The Australian House of Representatives descended into rows between opposition and government members today The Australian Labor Party has accused speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, David Hawker ( Liberal, Wannon ) of failing to be impartial. During question time today, opposition leader, Kim Beazley (Labor, Brand ) asked the government to confirm comments made by Cameron Thompson (Liberal, Blair ), which asked for Prime Minister John Howard (Liberal, Bennelong ) to explain his role in the failed merger of the Nationals and Liberals in Queensland . According to Mr Beazley, Mr Thompson claims that the president of the Liberal party in Queensland was appointed by Mr Howard and that his actions would have been known and agreed upon by the Prime Minister. The opposition's next woe came when Stephen Smith (Labor, Perth ) asked the Prime Minister to confirm accusations that the government's new industrial relations laws (called Workchoices ) had placed pressure on the low pay commission to lower the minimum wage of Australian workers. Mr Howard took the opportunity to attack Mr Beazley's role as Minister for Employment, Education and Training in 1993 saying that he had contempt for the unemployed. Anthony Albanese (Labor, Grayndler ) raised a point of order, claiming that the Prime Minister's answer was irrelevant. This was refused by the speaker, who said that Mr Howard was attempting to answer a \"lengthy question\". Mr Albanese then interrupted Mr Howard as he was continuing his attack on Mr Beazley telling the speaker that the question was very specific and that Mr Howard's answer was irrelevant. Mr Albanese was ordered to resume his seat, and when he failed to do so was ordered out of the house. Following Mr Albanese's ejection, Mr Smith argued that the Prime Minister was not answering his question before also being ordered out of the house by the speaker. As Mr Howard began to continue his answer, Julia Irwin (Labor, Fowler ) interrupted Mr Howard. Mrs Irwin was then ordered to leave the house. The opposition found itself another member short in the house after Julia Gillard (Labor, Lalor ) was removed for calling Health Minister Tony Abbott (Liberal, Warringah ) an \"idiot\". Ms Gillard's comment followed Mr Abbott tabling a document written by Medibank Private relating to a media campaign to counter negative views on its sale. Part of the document claimed that Medibank Private had \"established a hypothetical but possible scenario: Julia Gillard arguing that the sale will mean higher premiums\". Following the house's question time, Mr Abbott and Peter Costello (Liberal, Higgins ) accused Lindsay Tanner (Labor, Melbourne ), Wayne Swan (Labor, Lilley ) and Kim Wilkey (Labor, Swan ) of deliberately blocking a camera's view of Mr Howard during one of his answers. Mr Tanner said \"It's not our fault he's short\" and Mr Wilkie said that he never raised from his chair and that Mr Abbott needed to \"get his facts straight\".", "after_revision": "200px|The Australian House of Representatives descended into rows between opposition and government members today The has accused speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, David Hawker ( , ) of failing to be impartial. During question time today, opposition leader, (Labor, ) asked the government to confirm comments made by Cameron Thompson (Liberal, ), which asked for Prime Minister John Howard (Liberal, ) to explain his role in the failed merger of the and Liberals in . According to Mr Beazley, Mr Thompson claims that the president of the Liberal party in Queensland was appointed by Mr Howard and that his actions would have been known and agreed upon by the Prime Minister. The opposition's next woe came when Stephen Smith (Labor, ) asked the Prime Minister to confirm accusations that the government's new industrial relations laws (called ) had placed pressure on the low pay commission to lower the minimum wage of Australian workers. Mr Howard took the opportunity to attack Mr Beazley's role as Minister for Employment, Education and Training in 1993 saying that he had contempt for the unemployed. Anthony Albanese (Labor, ) raised a point of order, claiming that the Prime Minister's answer was irrelevant. This was refused by the speaker, who said that Mr Howard was attempting to answer a \"lengthy question\". Mr Albanese then interrupted Mr Howard as he was continuing his attack on Mr Beazley telling the speaker that the question was very specific and that Mr Howard's answer was irrelevant. Mr Albanese was ordered to resume his seat, and when he failed to do so was ordered out of the house. Following Mr Albanese's ejection, Mr Smith argued that the Prime Minister was not answering his question before also being ordered out of the house by the speaker. As Mr Howard began to continue his answer, Julia Irwin (Labor, ) interrupted Mr Howard. Mrs Irwin was then ordered to leave the house. The opposition found itself another member short in the house after Julia Gillard (Labor, ) was removed for calling Health Minister Tony Abbott (Liberal, ) an \"idiot\". Ms Gillard's comment followed Mr Abbott tabling a document written by Medibank Private relating to a media campaign to counter negative views on its sale. Part of the document claimed that Medibank Private had \"established a hypothetical but possible scenario: Julia Gillard arguing that the sale will mean higher premiums\". Following the house's question time, Mr Abbott and Peter Costello (Liberal, ) accused Lindsay Tanner (Labor, ), Wayne Swan (Labor, ) and Kim Wilkey (Labor, ) of deliberately blocking a camera's view of Mr Howard during one of his answers. Mr Tanner said \"It's not our fault he's short\" and Mr Wilkie said that he never raised from his chair and that Mr Abbott needed to \"get his facts straight\".", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Australian Labor Party", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 118, "end_char_pos": 140}, {"type": "R", "before": "Liberal, Wannon", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 220, "end_char_pos": 235}, {"type": "D", "before": "Kim Beazley", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 313, "end_char_pos": 324}, {"type": "D", "before": "Brand", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 333, "end_char_pos": 338}, {"type": "D", "before": "Blair", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 417, "end_char_pos": 422}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bennelong", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 479, "end_char_pos": 488}, {"type": "D", "before": "Nationals", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 539, "end_char_pos": 548}, {"type": "D", "before": "Queensland", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 565, "end_char_pos": 575}, {"type": "D", "before": "Perth", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 843, "end_char_pos": 848}, {"type": "D", "before": "Workchoices", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 959, "end_char_pos": 970}, {"type": "D", "before": "Grayndler", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1259, "end_char_pos": 1268}, {"type": "D", "before": "Fowler", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1972, "end_char_pos": 1978}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lalor", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2141, "end_char_pos": 2146}, {"type": "D", "before": "Warringah", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2211, "end_char_pos": 2220}, {"type": "D", "before": "Higgins", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2636, "end_char_pos": 2643}, {"type": "D", "before": "Melbourne", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2677, "end_char_pos": 2686}, {"type": "D", "before": "Lilley", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2709, "end_char_pos": 2715}, {"type": "D", "before": "Swan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2741, "end_char_pos": 2745}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 265, 577, 784, 1067, 1233, 1353, 1457, 1642, 1744, 1908, 2003, 2050, 2234, 2389, 2559, 2828]} {"doc_id": "42439", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Flag of Somalia According to The Scotsman , former US intelligence officials said a secret operation to support the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism in war-torn Somalia appeared to involve both the CIA and US military . The officials spoke under condition of anonymity. The warlord factions that drove the US and UN troops out of Mogadishu in October 1993 led to the withdrawal of American forces from Somalia in 1994. This switch in allegiances from President Clinton's administration have so far not stopped the sharia courts, who have gained control of the capital, Mogadishu. A key objective of US policy in the Horn of Africa region is the US fear of Somalia becoming a safe haven for al-Qaeda. Somalia experts in US say, according to The East African newspaper, that the militias linked to the sharia courts have support among Mogadishu residents. Mohamed Asser, resident, said. \"The era of warlords in Somalia is over. This morning Mogadishu is under only one hand, the Islamic courts.\" John Prendergast , who served on the National Security Council staff in the Clinton administration and now tracks Somalia for the think-tank International Crisis Group said that three alliance leaders recently told him that they were receiving funds from the CIA. \"Our assessment is between $100,000 and $150,000 per month,\" Prendergast said. Giving money to warlord factions would violate the United Nations \u2019 arms embargo against Somalia. The United Nations, which is administering the embargo, is investigating how the warlord alliance came to receive a shipment of weapons. Prendergast believes this policy has resulted in an backlash: \"By circumventing the new government and going straight to individual warlords, the US is perpetuating and even deepening Somalia's fundamental problems, and compromising long-term efforts to combat extremism.\" Michael Zorick, former Somalia political officer in the US embassy in Nairobi, Kenya argues that US support of the Somali Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism had increased support for Islamists. According to Zorick, the United States should give more support to the Somali government and push for peace. The analyst's advice went against the Bush administration , which recently had the regional expert reassigned to Chad. The Somali government, the Transitional Central Government in city of Baidoa , a bystander to the recent events, is the 14th of such authorities in Somalia since the overthrow of dictator Mohamed Siad Barre in 1991. The government is currently seeking talks with the Islamists groups with a view to establishing peace for the country. According to The Mercury News the Bush administration has deployed about 1,500 US troops in the tiny nation of Djibouti, on Somalia's northern border. That seems to be a part of a US regional strategy if the warlords lose on battlefield.", "after_revision": "Flag of Somalia According to , former US intelligence officials said a secret operation to support the in war-torn Somalia appeared to involve both the CIA and . The officials spoke under condition of anonymity. The warlord factions that in October 1993 led to the withdrawal of American forces from Somalia in 1994. This switch in allegiances from President Clinton's administration have so far not stopped the sharia courts, who have gained control of the capital, Mogadishu. A key objective of US policy in the region is the US fear of Somalia becoming a safe haven for al-Qaeda. Somalia experts in US say, according to The East African newspaper, that the militias linked to the sharia courts have support among Mogadishu residents. Mohamed Asser, resident, said. \"The era of warlords in Somalia is over. This morning Mogadishu is under only one hand, the Islamic courts.\" , who served on the in the Clinton administration and now tracks Somalia for the think-tank said that three alliance leaders recently told him that they were receiving funds from the CIA. \"Our assessment is between $100,000 and $150,000 per month,\" Prendergast said. Giving money to warlord factions would violate the United Nations ' arms embargo against Somalia. The United Nations, which is administering the embargo, is investigating how the warlord alliance came to receive a shipment of weapons. Prendergast believes this policy has resulted in an backlash: \"By circumventing the new government and going straight to individual warlords, the US is perpetuating and even deepening Somalia's fundamental problems, and compromising long-term efforts to combat extremism.\" Michael Zorick, former Somalia political officer in the US embassy in Nairobi, Kenya argues that US support of the Somali Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism had increased support for Islamists. According to Zorick, the United States should give more support to the Somali government and push for peace. The analyst's advice went against the , which recently had the regional expert reassigned to Chad. The Somali government, the Transitional Central Government in city of , a bystander to the recent events, is the 14th of such authorities in Somalia since the overthrow of dictator in 1991. The government is currently seeking talks with the Islamists groups with a view to establishing peace for the country. According to the Bush administration has deployed about 1,500 US troops in the tiny nation of Djibouti, on Somalia's northern border. That seems to be a part of a US regional strategy if the warlords lose on battlefield.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "The Scotsman", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 29, "end_char_pos": 41}, {"type": "D", "before": "Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 116, "end_char_pos": 175}, {"type": "D", "before": "US military", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 233, "end_char_pos": 244}, {"type": "D", "before": "drove the US and UN troops out of Mogadishu", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 323, "end_char_pos": 366}, {"type": "D", "before": "Horn of Africa", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 643, "end_char_pos": 657}, {"type": "D", "before": "John Prendergast", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1021, "end_char_pos": 1037}, {"type": "D", "before": "National Security Council staff", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1058, "end_char_pos": 1089}, {"type": "D", "before": "International Crisis Group", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1162, "end_char_pos": 1188}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 1430, "end_char_pos": 1431}, {"type": "D", "before": "Bush administration", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2238, "end_char_pos": 2257}, {"type": "D", "before": "Baidoa", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2389, "end_char_pos": 2395}, {"type": "D", "before": "Mohamed Siad Barre", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2507, "end_char_pos": 2525}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Mercury News", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2667, "end_char_pos": 2683}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 246, 296, 445, 606, 726, 880, 911, 952, 1284, 1363, 1461, 1598, 1871, 2090, 2199, 2318, 2534, 2653, 2804]} {"doc_id": "42584", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "When 29 students in Florida attended a fake crime scene during a field trip set up by their teacher, Sue Messenger, they found a real body . The body of a homeless man was found in Fort Lauderdale Park by the students and police say he died of natural causes and there was nothing to indicate that foul play was involved. The students are part of a criminology class at St. Thomas Aquinas High School. \" We thought it was Ms. Messenger messing around with us,\" said 16-year-old Josh Rozental, who was the one that had discovered the body. \"When I went over, knowing what I know about rigor mortis and postmortem lividity, it was apparent to me that actually this was a deceased individual. So the biggest thing is I wanted them to move off ... I knew there was going to be an investigation and I just wanted them to back off and for us to not to disturb anything,\" said Messenger. For 20 years Messenger has been using \" paper skeletons, fake weapons, notes, shell casings, and sunglasses\" that students could find to further their education. The study was in its fifth of 13 days. Some students even thought the body was a \"dummy.\"%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% \" It was a good crash course. The first thing we thought was, 'that's a real good dummy she set up,'\" said 15-year-old Juan Cantor, a student at the high school. \" The students went up to this one area ... and found a man with his back against the wall and he looked dead. They thought it was part of the skit,\" said Kathy Collins a Fort Lauderdale Police detective. Police say the man was David Wayne Bodie, 45.", "after_revision": "When 29 students attended a fake crime scene in Fort Lauderdale Park during a field trip set up by their teacher, Sue Messenger, they found the body of a homeless man . Police said he died of natural causes and there was nothing to indicate that foul play was involved. The students are part of a criminology class at St. Thomas Aquinas High School. At first, some students thought the body was a \" dummy\". \" We thought it was Ms. Messenger messing around with us,\" said 16-year-old Josh Rozental, who was the one that had discovered the body. \"When I went over, knowing what I know about rigor mortis and postmortem lividity, it was apparent to me that actually this was a deceased individual. So the biggest thing is I wanted them to move off \u2026. I knew there was going to be an investigation and I just wanted them to back off and for us to not to disturb anything,\" said Messenger. \" %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% It was a good crash course. The first thing we thought was, 'that's a real good dummy she set up,'\" said 15-year-old Juan Cantor, a student at the high school. For 20 years Messenger has been using \" paper skeletons, fake weapons, notes, shell casings, and sunglasses\" that students could find to further their education. The study was in its fifth of 13 days. \" The students went up to this one area \u2026 and found a man with his back against the wall and he looked dead. They thought it was part of the skit,\" said Kathy Collins a Fort Lauderdale Police detective. Police said the man was David Wayne Bodie, 45.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "in Florida", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 17, "end_char_pos": 27}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "in Fort Lauderdale Park", "start_char_pos": 56, "end_char_pos": 56}, {"type": "D", "before": "a real body .", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 128, "end_char_pos": 141}, {"type": "R", "before": "The body", "after": "the body", "start_char_pos": 142, "end_char_pos": 150}, {"type": "R", "before": "was found in Fort Lauderdale Park by the students and police say", "after": ". 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Some viewers in some areas will need to buy a satellite dish as well. The approximated cost will be $200 or, with a dish, $400 (NZD) , however there is no subscription costs , unlike Sky Television.", "after_revision": "The broadcasters: TVNZ, CanWest, M\u0101ori Television, the TAB and Radio New Zealand have forged an alliance called FreeView which has leased satellite space for the digital television. Digital television will mean viewers can receive a crisper picture, clearer radio signals, limited reception problems, and more channels. FreeView will require television viewers to buy a set top box, similar to the SKY Network Television decoder. Some viewers in some areas will need to buy a satellite dish as well. The approximated cost will be $200 or, with a dish, $400 (NZD) . However, there is no subscription cost , unlike Sky Television.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "It", "after": "FreeView", "start_char_pos": 320, "end_char_pos": 322}, {"type": "R", "before": ", however", "after": ". However,", "start_char_pos": 557, "end_char_pos": 566}, {"type": "R", "before": "costs", "after": "cost", "start_char_pos": 592, "end_char_pos": 597}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 181, 319, 423, 493]} {"doc_id": "43757", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Australia defeated Ireland 37 points to 15 at Subiaco Oval in Perth, Australia on Saturday in a rugby union test match. The Wallabies had just come of a successful two test series win over England whilst the Irish had come off two competitive losses against the All Blacks in New Zealand. The win makes it three from three for new Australian coach John Connolly. The scoring opened up after 13 minutes of play, with Australia being awarded a penalty. Stirling Mortlock was successful with the shot at goal to take Australia to a three to nil lead. Ireland successfully held out Australia for the following ten minutes, until Chris Latham dived over to score the first try of the match. Mortlock missed the conversion , and Australia now lead eight points to nil. Ireland are awarded a penalty in the 29th minute which sees Ronan O'Gara successfully kick a goal for Ireland, getting their first points of the game to take the score to eight to three, with Australia having a five point lead. Australia further their lead when Mortlock is successful with another penalty goal around five minutes before half-time . The teams entered half-time , with Australia in front, 11 points to three. Ireland are quick to get back into the match, with a try to O'Gara in the 42nd minute. Although the conversion is missed, Ireland have moved closer to Australia, with the score narrowed to 11 poins to eight. Ireland score again in the 51st minute, with Neil Best scoring a try, and along with O'Gara's successful conversion, Ireland are now in front, 15 to 11, with just under 30 minutes remaining in the match. Australia are quick to respond, with Mark Gerrard scoring a try a few minutes later. Mortlock is successful with the conversion, and Australia take back the lead, with the score now at 18 to 11. Prop Greg Holmes gathers a loose ball and runs over 50m to score for Australia. Mortlock converts and Australia lead 25 to 15 with around 20 minutes remaining. George Gregan scores a try for Australia in the 67th minute, with Mortlock missing the conversion, Australia are now leading 30 to 15, making an Irish comeback unlikely, with just over ten minutes left in the match. Cameron Shepherd scores the last try of the match, which is converted by Mortlock, making the final score 37 to 15.", "after_revision": "Australia defeated Ireland 37 points to 15 at Subiaco Oval in Perth, Australia on Saturday in a rugby union test match. The Wallabies had just come of a successful two test series win over England whilst the Irish had come from two competitive losses against the All Blacks in New Zealand. The win makes it three from three for new Australian coach John Connolly. The scoring opened after 13 minutes of play, with Australia being awarded a penalty. Stirling Mortlock was successful with the shot at goal to take Australia to a three to nil lead. Ireland successfully held Australia for the following ten minutes, until Chris Latham dived over to score the first try of the match. Mortlock missed the conversion and Australia led eight points to nil. Ireland is awarded a penalty in the 29th minute which sees Ronan O'Gara successfully kick a goal for Ireland, getting its first points of the game bringing the score to eight to three, with Australia having a five point lead. Australia furthers its lead when Mortlock is successful with another penalty goal around five minutes before half time . The teams entered half time , with Australia in front, 11 points to three. Ireland is quick to get back into the match, with a try to O'Gara in the 42nd minute. Although the conversion is missed, Ireland has moved closer to Australia, with the score narrowed to 11 points to eight. Ireland scores again in the 51st minute, with Neil Best scoring a try, and along with O'Gara's successful conversion, Ireland is now in front, 15 to 11, with just under 30 minutes remaining in the match. Australia is quick to respond, with Mark Gerrard scoring a try a few minutes later. Mortlock is successful with the conversion, and Australia takes back the lead, with the score now at 18 to 11. Prop Greg Holmes gathers a loose ball and runs over 50m to score for Australia. Mortlock converts and Australia leads 25 to 15 with around 20 minutes remaining. George Gregan scores a try for Australia in the 67th minute, with Mortlock missing the conversion, Australia now leads 30 to 15, making an Irish comeback unlikely, with just over ten minutes left in the match. 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Today is Sunday, , and the time is 23:30 Universal Coordinated Time. This is Wikinews. (Sound Effect) Here are the stories that are being covered: Karl Rove named as source who disclosed an undercover US CIA agent's identity. The nation of Papua New Guinea is at risk of an African-level HIV/AIDS epidemic Gaylord Nelson, creator of the Earth Day annual environmental event dies at 89. Alleged Al-Qaeda leader killed in Saudi Arabia. Karla Homolka release from prison has Canada in an uproar. Underwater volcano erupts 1400 kilometers from Tokyo. U.S. Government to retain control of the root servers of the Internet. Scientists may have tests to detect Alzheimers. Two American pilots successfully recreate a 1919 cross-Atlantic flight. Today in History from Wikipedia. And now, these stories Karl Rove named as source of Plame leak Reporter's notes subpoenaed by the U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C. reveal United States President George W. Bush's chief political advisor Karl Rove as one of the two sources behind the leaking of the identity of undercover CIA agent Valerie Plame. Knowingly revealing the identity of an undercover CIA official is a crime in the United States. The notes are those of TIME magazine White House correspondent Matt Cooper. They were released by Norman Pearlstine, editor-in-chief of TIME Inc., by order of the court, in ruling that, in the case of leaking the identity of CIA agents, reporters must reveal the identity of their sources. Judith Miller of The New York Times, along with Cooper, could face jail time for their refusal to name anonymous sources.
Papua New Guinea at risk of AIDS epidemic Dr. Peter Piot, head of U.N. AIDS agency, told The Associated Press on the sidelines of a regional AIDS conference Sunday about the potential for an explosion in HIV and AIDS cases in the country of Papua New Guinea. He said the country is \"the one that I would see that could have an African-type of epidemic\" and that the danger of HIV and AIDS there \"is really getting out of hand.\" He also said other Asia-Pacific nations like Malaysia, Vietnam and Myanmar are also worrisome as the number of infections there continue to rise.
Earth Day founder Nelson dies at 89 Gaylord Nelson, founder of Earth Day, died Sunday in Kensington, Maryland, of cardiovascular failure. Nelson, who was 89, was also a governor and senator from the U.S. state of Wisconsin. He created the concept of an annual recognition of environmental causes at a speech in Seattle in September 1969, and the first Earth Day was celebrated on April 22, 1970. In 1995, Nelson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his environmental efforts by U.S. President Bill Clinton.
Alleged Al-Qaeda leader killed in Saudi Arabia Younis Mohammad Ibrahim al-Hayyari, who was believed to be one of the top leaders of Al-Qaeda, died after exchanging fire and hurling hand grenades at Saudi Arabian police in Riyadh. Hayyari's name was at the top of a list of 36 al Qaeda suspects announced by Riyadh last week. The ministry of the Interior said he had helped prepare explosives and had played a part in several attacks on targets there. Saudi Arabia has been battling suspected al Qaida militants for two years since May 2003, when they launched their campaign of violence with triple suicide bombings at expatriate housing compounds in Riyadh. Successive leaders of the Saudi wing of al Qaida have been killed since 2003 and Saudi officials say their replacements are increasingly inexperienced. But Western counterterrorism experts say al Qaida has shown a resilience and ability to regenerate.
Canada awaits Karla Homolka's Release from Prison Karla Homolka has transfixed Canada since she helped her husband drug, rape, torture, videotape and kill two teenage girls and cause the death of her own sister. Homolka, 35, will be released sometime before tuesday after serving the full sentence of 12 years in prison for manslaughter. According to press accounts of her childhood, Homolka was just 17, a bright 11th-grader, when she met Paul Bernardo, 23, a charming and handsome man, in 1987. Bernardo would ultimately be found by police to be a serial rapist, with sometime-assistance from Homolka. Homolka struck a bargain with prosecutors to plead guilty to two counts of manslaughter and testify against her husband, and fears she will be the target of vigilantes angry about what many Canadians consider the \"deal with the devil\" that's to blame for her imminent release.
Underwater volcano erupts in Pacific near Japan An underwater volcano has erupted in the Pacific Ocean, about 1400 kilometers south of Tokyo. A plume of steam, rising more than 1100 meters into the air, was spotted by Japanese troops on the island of Iwo Jima, which is about 48 kilometers from the eruption. The last undersea eruption in the area lasted three days back in 1986. U.S. retains control of Internet root servers The United States decided on Friday to indefinitely retain control the 13 root servers that direct all internet traffic to the right locations. This decision drew concern from foreign officials who would rather see an international group such as ICANN oversee the control of the servers. David Gross, a U.S. ambassador and the coordinator for international communications and information policies of the US State Department, insists that the announcement was not related to U.N. discussions. This decision reverses a statement made by the United States in 1998 in which they said would hand power over to ICANN after meeting a number of set conditions. A spokesman said that the declaration was in response to growing security threats and global communications and to the fact that commerce is becoming more reliant on the Internet.
Scientists may have tests to detect Alzheimers It is believed that magnetic resonance spectroscopy can detect genetic flaws which are an almost certain guarantee that the person will develop Alzheimers disease later in life. Scientists have also used positron emission tomography, or PET scans to see if Alzheimers disease developed in some test subjects. Another study determined that blood levels of a protein called amyloid beta 42 drops three to five years before a patient was diagnosed with Alzheimer\u2019s. It was also found that Japanese-Americans who drank the most fruit and vegetable juice had a fourfold lower risk of developing Alzheimer\u2019s. One researcher found that moderate drinkers of alcohol had a lower risk of Alzheimer\u2019s than either non-drinkers or heavy drinkers. Re-attempt of 1919 Cross-Atlantic Flight is Successful Steve Fossett and his co-pilot Mark Rebholz successfully flew a custom-built replica biplane across the Atlantic from St. John's, Newfoundland and landed Sunday at a golf course in Clifden, western Ireland. The trip took approximately 17 hours, 45 minutes longer than the original flight back in June 1919, by British pilots John Alcock and Arthur Whitten-Brown, who on their original trip, crash landed in a swamp. Mr. Fossett, who is 60 and already holds world records in five pursuits, decided to try an aircraft that lacked such modern conveniences as power steering.
Today in History from Wikipedia Today is Sunday, July 3, 2005. Today is the 184th day of the year. There are 181 days remaining in this year. Here are some of the events that happened today in history:
In 1608, the City of Quebec was founded by Samuel de Champlain. In 1886, the New York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating typesetting by hand. In 1890, Idaho was admitted as the 43rd U.S. state. This was the day in 1935 that Andr\u00e9 Citro\u00ebn, the French automobile pioneer, died. American actor Tom Cruise was born on this day in 1962. And in 1976, Israeli commandos rescued 105 hostages at Entebbe Airport, Uganda.
(Closing Comments) Thank you for joining us for today's segment. Join us again tomorrow for more headlines, news, facts, and anniversaries.
I'm Paul Robinson. This report is in the public domain.
If you wish to contact the staff of this broadcast, please send an email to audiowikinews@gmail.com. If you wish to contribute to Wikinews, please visit www.wikinews.org, or call United States telephone number, area code 206, 339-WIKI, that's 206-339-9454. Wikinews is a nonprofit independent news site run by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "REDIRE", "after": "From the studios of Robinson Telephone Company in Arlington, Virginia, I'm Paul Robinson. Today is Sunday, , and the time is 23:30 Universal Coordinated Time. This is Wikinews. (Sound Effect)", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 6}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Here are the stories that are being covered:", "start_char_pos": 7, "end_char_pos": 7}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Karl Rove named as source who disclosed an undercover US CIA agent's identity. The nation of Papua New Guinea is at risk of an African-level HIV/AIDS epidemic Gaylord Nelson, creator of the Earth Day annual environmental event dies at 89. Alleged Al-Qaeda leader killed in Saudi Arabia. Karla Homolka release from prison has Canada in an uproar. Underwater volcano erupts 1400 kilometers from Tokyo. U.S. Government to retain control of the root servers of the Internet. Scientists may have tests to detect Alzheimers. Two American pilots successfully recreate a 1919 cross-Atlantic flight. Today in History from Wikipedia.", "start_char_pos": 8, "end_char_pos": 8}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "And now, these stories", "start_char_pos": 9, "end_char_pos": 9}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Karl Rove named as source of Plame leak Reporter's notes subpoenaed by the U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C. reveal United States President George W. Bush's chief political advisor Karl Rove as one of the two sources behind the leaking of the identity of undercover CIA agent Valerie Plame. Knowingly revealing the identity of an undercover CIA official is a crime in the United States. The notes are those of TIME magazine White House correspondent Matt Cooper. They were released by Norman Pearlstine, editor-in-chief of TIME Inc., by order of the court, in ruling that, in the case of leaking the identity of CIA agents, reporters must reveal the identity of their sources. Judith Miller of The New York Times, along with Cooper, could face jail time for their refusal to name anonymous sources.
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", "start_char_pos": 11, "end_char_pos": 11}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Earth Day founder Nelson dies at 89 Gaylord Nelson, founder of Earth Day, died Sunday in Kensington, Maryland, of cardiovascular failure. Nelson, who was 89, was also a governor and senator from the U.S. state of Wisconsin. He created the concept of an annual recognition of environmental causes at a speech in Seattle in September 1969, and the first Earth Day was celebrated on April 22, 1970. In 1995, Nelson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his environmental efforts by U.S. President Bill Clinton.
", "start_char_pos": 12, "end_char_pos": 12}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Alleged Al-Qaeda leader killed in Saudi Arabia Younis Mohammad Ibrahim al-Hayyari, who was believed to be one of the top leaders of Al-Qaeda, died after exchanging fire and hurling hand grenades at Saudi Arabian police in Riyadh. Hayyari's name was at the top of a list of 36 al Qaeda suspects announced by Riyadh last week. The ministry of the Interior said he had helped prepare explosives and had played a part in several attacks on targets there. Saudi Arabia has been battling suspected al Qaida militants for two years since May 2003, when they launched their campaign of violence with triple suicide bombings at expatriate housing compounds in Riyadh. Successive leaders of the Saudi wing of al Qaida have been killed since 2003 and Saudi officials say their replacements are increasingly inexperienced. But Western counterterrorism experts say al Qaida has shown a resilience and ability to regenerate.
", "start_char_pos": 13, "end_char_pos": 13}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Canada awaits Karla Homolka's Release from Prison Karla Homolka has transfixed Canada since she helped her husband drug, rape, torture, videotape and kill two teenage girls and cause the death of her own sister. Homolka, 35, will be released sometime before tuesday after serving the full sentence of 12 years in prison for manslaughter. According to press accounts of her childhood, Homolka was just 17, a bright 11th-grader, when she met Paul Bernardo, 23, a charming and handsome man, in 1987. Bernardo would ultimately be found by police to be a serial rapist, with sometime-assistance from Homolka. Homolka struck a bargain with prosecutors to plead guilty to two counts of manslaughter and testify against her husband, and fears she will be the target of vigilantes angry about what many Canadians consider the \"deal with the devil\" that's to blame for her imminent release.
", "start_char_pos": 14, "end_char_pos": 14}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Underwater volcano erupts in Pacific near Japan An underwater volcano has erupted in the Pacific Ocean, about 1400 kilometers south of Tokyo. A plume of steam, rising more than 1100 meters into the air, was spotted by Japanese troops on the island of Iwo Jima, which is about 48 kilometers from the eruption. The last undersea eruption in the area lasted three days back in 1986.", "start_char_pos": 15, "end_char_pos": 15}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "U.S. retains control of Internet root servers The United States decided on Friday to indefinitely retain control the 13 root servers that direct all internet traffic to the right locations. This decision drew concern from foreign officials who would rather see an international group such as ICANN oversee the control of the servers. David Gross, a U.S. ambassador and the coordinator for international communications and information policies of the US State Department, insists that the announcement was not related to U.N. discussions. This decision reverses a statement made by the United States in 1998 in which they said would hand power over to ICANN after meeting a number of set conditions. A spokesman said that the declaration was in response to growing security threats and global communications and to the fact that commerce is becoming more reliant on the Internet.
", "start_char_pos": 16, "end_char_pos": 16}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Scientists may have tests to detect Alzheimers It is believed that magnetic resonance spectroscopy can detect genetic flaws which are an almost certain guarantee that the person will develop Alzheimers disease later in life. Scientists have also used positron emission tomography, or PET scans to see if Alzheimers disease developed in some test subjects. Another study determined that blood levels of a protein called amyloid beta 42 drops three to five years before a patient was diagnosed with Alzheimer\u2019s. It was also found that Japanese-Americans who drank the most fruit and vegetable juice had a fourfold lower risk of developing Alzheimer\u2019s. One researcher found that moderate drinkers of alcohol had a lower risk of Alzheimer\u2019s than either non-drinkers or heavy drinkers.", "start_char_pos": 17, "end_char_pos": 17}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Re-attempt of 1919 Cross-Atlantic Flight is Successful Steve Fossett and his co-pilot Mark Rebholz successfully flew a custom-built replica biplane across the Atlantic from St. John's, Newfoundland and landed Sunday at a golf course in Clifden, western Ireland. The trip took approximately 17 hours, 45 minutes longer than the original flight back in June 1919, by British pilots John Alcock and Arthur Whitten-Brown, who on their original trip, crash landed in a swamp. Mr. Fossett, who is 60 and already holds world records in five pursuits, decided to try an aircraft that lacked such modern conveniences as power steering.
", "start_char_pos": 18, "end_char_pos": 18}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Today in History from Wikipedia Today is Sunday, July 3, 2005. Today is the 184th day of the year. There are 181 days remaining in this year. Here are some of the events that happened today in history:
In 1608, the City of Quebec was founded by Samuel de Champlain. In 1886, the New York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating typesetting by hand. In 1890, Idaho was admitted as the 43rd U.S. state. This was the day in 1935 that Andr\u00e9 Citro\u00ebn, the French automobile pioneer, died. American actor Tom Cruise was born on this day in 1962. And in 1976, Israeli commandos rescued 105 hostages at Entebbe Airport, Uganda.", "start_char_pos": 19, "end_char_pos": 19}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "
(Closing Comments) Thank you for joining us for today's segment. Join us again tomorrow for more headlines, news, facts, and anniversaries.
I'm Paul Robinson. This report is in the public domain.
If you wish to contact the staff of this broadcast, please send an email to audiowikinews@gmail.com. If you wish to contribute to Wikinews, please visit www.wikinews.org, or call United States telephone number, area code 206, 339-WIKI, that's 206-339-9454. Wikinews is a nonprofit independent news site run by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation", "start_char_pos": 20, "end_char_pos": 20}], "sents_char_pos": [0]} {"doc_id": "45989", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Some of the nearly one in ten members of the Class of 2006 who still haven \u2019 t passed the CAHSEE weeks after their scheduled graduations, including dozens from James Logan High School \u2019 s Class of 2006, will get another crack at it starting today at high schools around the state, when schools administer an additional last chance two-day test, added to the testing schedule in April in response to the number of seniors who still hadn \u2019 t passed. Meanwhile, California \u2019 s First District Appellate Court of California this morning will begin hearing arguments in a lawsuit that aims to prohibit the state from requiring students to pass the test, and force it to give them the diplomas they currently lack. According to testing statistics released by the California Department of Education, 1,759 California seniors passed the test when they took it in May, the last time the test was administered, bringing the total percentage of last year \u2019 s seniors to pass the test to an estimated 90.8 percent, or 396,201 of 436,374 members of the Class of 2006. State Superintendent of Public Instruction Jack O \u2019 Connell, who wrote the law which required students to pass the test when he was a state legislator, expressed muted pleasure at the results, which indicate a narrowing of the \u201cachievement gap\u201d between racial groups. \"While I will not be satisfied until all California students are successful in gaining the skills measured by the exit exam, I am pleased that the achievement gap is narrowing,\" O \u2019 Connell said. \"It is clear that all students are working hard to gain the critical skills necessary for a diploma and for survival in today \u2019 s global economy. I credit the exit exam for focusing both students and schools on meeting this challenge. We need to sustain this effort until the achievement gap is erased completely.\" \u201c Eighty-five percent of Hispanic students in the Class of 2006 have passed the test, with 19.7 percent passing during the junior year and nearly 11 percent passing in their senior year, \u201d according to a statement released by O \u2019Connell. \u201c By comparison, 11.5 percent of white students passed as juniors and 4.1 percent of white students passed as seniors. Eighty-three percent of African American students have passed the test, with 20.6 percent passing as juniors and 12 percent passing as seniors. \u201d O \u2019 Connell said that the estimated 40,173 students who haven \u2019 t passed the test should not give up trying to get a high school diploma or more education: \"I urge these students to continue to work in summer school, take a fifth year of high school, or study in adult school or community college to acquire those important skills in English and math,\" O \u2019 Connell said. \"This exam benefits students who are still struggling by focusing them on areas they need to strengthen so they can have more successful futures. In court, Arturo Gonzalez, lead attorney in the case, Valenzuela vs. O'Connell, named for Liliana Valenzuela, a Richmond High School student, will try to convince the First Appellate Court of California to uphold a Superior Court judge \u2019 s May ruling blocking the state's use of the test, on the grounds that it \u2019 s use as a graduation requirement was unconstitutional because poor and minority students don't have access to equal educational resources, and therefore don't have equal protection under the law. The judge, Robert Freedman of Alameda County, issued an injunction against the use of the test, briefly giving hope of graduation without passing to thousands of students statewide, but O \u2019 Connell appealed to the state Supreme Court and they stayed the judge \u2019 s injunction, allowing the state to order schools to deny diplomas to those who hadn \u2019 t passed the test. The Supreme Court also ordered the First District Appellate Court to hear the case, which the court scheduled for today. \"If the appellate court affirms the injunction, then any student who has passed all of his or her required courses will receive a high school diploma, \u201d Gonzalez said in an e-mail to the James Logan Courier.", "after_revision": "Some of the nearly one in ten members of the Class of 2006 who still haven ' t passed the CAHSEE weeks after their scheduled graduations, including dozens from James Logan High School ' s Class of 2006, will get another crack at it starting today at high schools around the state, when schools administer an additional last chance two-day test, added to the testing schedule in April in response to the number of seniors who still hadn ' t passed. Meanwhile, California ' s First District Appellate Court of California this morning will begin hearing arguments in a lawsuit that aims to prohibit the state from requiring students to pass the test, and force it to give them the diplomas they currently lack. According to testing statistics released by the California Department of Education, 1,759 California seniors passed the test when they took it in May, the last time the test was administered, bringing the total percentage of last year ' s seniors to pass the test to an estimated 90.8 percent, or 396,201 of 436,374 members of the Class of 2006. State Superintendent of Public Instruction Jack O ' Connell, who wrote the law which required students to pass the test when he was a state legislator, expressed muted pleasure at the results, which indicate a narrowing of the \"achievement gap\" between racial groups. \"While I will not be satisfied until all California students are successful in gaining the skills measured by the exit exam, I am pleased that the achievement gap is narrowing,\" O ' Connell said. \"It is clear that all students are working hard to gain the critical skills necessary for a diploma and for survival in today ' s global economy. I credit the exit exam for focusing both students and schools on meeting this challenge. We need to sustain this effort until the achievement gap is erased completely.\" \" Eighty-five percent of Hispanic students in the Class of 2006 have passed the test, with 19.7 percent passing during the junior year and nearly 11 percent passing in their senior year, \" according to a statement released by O 'Connell. \" By comparison, 11.5 percent of white students passed as juniors and 4.1 percent of white students passed as seniors. Eighty-three percent of African American students have passed the test, with 20.6 percent passing as juniors and 12 percent passing as seniors. \" O ' Connell said that the estimated 40,173 students who haven ' t passed the test should not give up trying to get a high school diploma or more education: \"I urge these students to continue to work in summer school, take a fifth year of high school, or study in adult school or community college to acquire those important skills in English and math,\" O ' Connell said. \"This exam benefits students who are still struggling by focusing them on areas they need to strengthen so they can have more successful futures. \" In court, Arturo Gonzalez, lead attorney in the case, Valenzuela vs. O'Connell, named for Liliana Valenzuela, a Richmond High School student, will try to convince the First Appellate Court of California to uphold a Superior Court judge ' s May ruling blocking the state's use of the test, on the grounds that it ' s use as a graduation requirement was unconstitutional because poor and minority students don't have access to equal educational resources, and therefore don't have equal protection under the law. The judge, Robert Freedman of Alameda County, issued an injunction against the use of the test, briefly giving hope of graduation without passing to thousands of students statewide, but O ' Connell appealed to the state Supreme Court and they stayed the judge ' s injunction, allowing the state to order schools to deny diplomas to those who hadn ' t passed the test. The Supreme Court also ordered the First District Appellate Court to hear the case, which the court scheduled for today. \"If the appellate court affirms the injunction, then any student who has passed all of his or her required courses will receive a high school diploma, \" Gonzalez said in an e-mail to the James Logan Courier.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 75, "end_char_pos": 76}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 184, "end_char_pos": 185}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 436, "end_char_pos": 437}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 470, "end_char_pos": 471}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 943, "end_char_pos": 944}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 1104, "end_char_pos": 1105}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201cachievement gap\u201d", "after": "\"achievement gap\"", "start_char_pos": 1281, "end_char_pos": 1298}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 1502, "end_char_pos": 1503}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 1644, "end_char_pos": 1645}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1833, "end_char_pos": 1834}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 2020, "end_char_pos": 2021}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019Connell. \u201c", "after": "'Connell. \"", "start_char_pos": 2061, "end_char_pos": 2072}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 2334, "end_char_pos": 2335}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 2338, "end_char_pos": 2339}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 2398, "end_char_pos": 2399}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 2691, "end_char_pos": 2692}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 2853, "end_char_pos": 2853}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 3090, "end_char_pos": 3091}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 3166, "end_char_pos": 3167}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 3553, "end_char_pos": 3554}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 3625, "end_char_pos": 3626}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 3712, "end_char_pos": 3713}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 4005, "end_char_pos": 4006}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 447, 707, 1053, 1321, 1517, 1663, 1752, 1832, 2070, 2189, 2333, 2706, 2852, 2922, 3364, 3732, 3853]} {"doc_id": "46145", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "220px|This picture shows Saddam Hussein during his first appearance at the Iraqi Special Tribunal. He was the president of Iraq from 1979 until the United States-led invasion of Iraq reached Baghdad on April 9, 2003. The trial of Saddam Hussein has been adjourned until 16 October, which is when the Iraq Special Tribunal is expected to pronounce its judgment. Hussein and seven co-defendants are on trial charged with crimes against humanity after Hussein allegedly ordered his military forces to kill 148 people from the village of Dujail following an attempted assassination of the former Iraqi leader in 1982. The former dictator did not appear in court for the final session of his trial today, but he is due to stand trial on 21 August to judge his part in the infamous Anfal campaign , where groups of Iraqi Kurds were murdered in the 1980s. As Hussein \u2019 s defense team has been boycotting the trial demanding better security after three of their numbers were murdered, the court has selected replacement lawyers. Iraq\u2019s former Vice-President Taha Yassin Ramadan, today refused to allow the appointed representative to stand for him. \u201c I do not know who this lawyer is or his name, \u201d he said. The other defendant was Awad Hamad al-Bandar, the former chief judge of the court. Like he did yesterday, Judge Raouf Abdel Rahman again slated Hussein\u2019s defense lawyers for avoiding the court. \u201cThey\u2019 re sitting abroad now generating fame by issuing political statements on television stations as if this case is a political one. This behavior will harm you, the defendants. This is a criminal case, not a political one, \u201d Mr Rahman warned. Most of Hussein\u2019s legal team is based in Amman , the capital of Jordan.", "after_revision": " The trial of Saddam Hussein has been adjourned until 16 October, which is when the is expected to pronounce its judgment. Hussein and seven co-defendants are on trial charged with after Hussein allegedly ordered his military forces to kill 148 people from the village of following an attempted assassination of the former Iraqi leader in 1982. The former dictator did not appear in court for the final session of his trial today, but he is due to stand trial on 21 August to judge his part in the infamous , where groups of Iraqi were murdered in the 1980s. As Hussein ' s defense team has been boycotting the trial demanding better security after three of their numbers were murdered, the court has selected replacement lawyers. Iraq\u2019s former Vice-President Taha Yassin Ramadan, today refused to allow the appointed representative to stand for him. \" I do not know who this lawyer is or his name, \" he said. The other defendant was Awad Hamad al-Bandar, the former chief judge of the court. Like he did yesterday, Judge Raouf Abdel Rahman again slated Hussein\u2019s defense lawyers for avoiding the court. \"They' re sitting abroad now generating fame by issuing political statements on television stations as if this case is a political one. This behavior will harm you, the defendants. This is a criminal case, not a political one, \" Mr Rahman warned. Most of Hussein\u2019s legal team is based in , the capital of Jordan.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "220px|This picture shows Saddam Hussein during his first appearance at the Iraqi Special Tribunal. He was the president of Iraq from 1979 until the United States-led invasion of Iraq reached Baghdad on April 9, 2003.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 216}, {"type": "D", "before": "Iraq Special Tribunal", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 300, "end_char_pos": 321}, {"type": "D", "before": "crimes against humanity", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 419, "end_char_pos": 442}, {"type": "D", "before": "Dujail", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 534, "end_char_pos": 540}, {"type": "D", "before": "Anfal campaign", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 776, "end_char_pos": 790}, {"type": "D", "before": "Kurds", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 815, "end_char_pos": 820}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 860, "end_char_pos": 861}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1141, "end_char_pos": 1142}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1189, "end_char_pos": 1190}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201cThey\u2019", "after": "\"They'", "start_char_pos": 1394, "end_char_pos": 1400}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1621, "end_char_pos": 1622}, {"type": "D", "before": "Amman", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1682, "end_char_pos": 1687}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 98, 216, 360, 613, 848, 1020, 1140, 1199, 1282, 1393, 1529, 1574, 1640]} {"doc_id": "46507", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "\u201c I\u2019m proud of him as a soldier and as a son. He did the Army proud, \u201d 60 year-old Robin Cornish said of his son, the one hundred and fifteenth British soldier to be killed in Iraq since operations began in 2003. Cpl Cornish, who served for the 1st Battalion The Light Infantry, joined the Army at the age of eighteen in Leeds. His deployments included Northern Ireland, Sierra Leone and Iraq in 2003 and 2004. He had been touring the country for a third time for three months when he was killed. His father said he would have risen through the ranks: \u201c He would have got on. He was determined to go up the ladder and he would have got there. \u201d Yesterday, Cpl Cornish \u2019 s Commanding Officer, Lietenant Colonel Johnny Bowron, said: \u201c Matthew was a great soldier, a fine friend and a marvellous husband and father. He will be remembered for his heart and his great character. A Yorkshireman through and through and an enthusiastic follower of Leeds Rhinos Rugby League, he was constantly teased for his inexplicable loyalty to Tottenham Hotspur Football Club. \u201d Cpl Cornish leaves behind his wife Abbey, his three-year old son Ethan and his one-year old daughter Libby. Lt Col Bowron said Cpl Cornish \u2019 s true passion was for his family. \u201c They were what lay closest to his heart - the rest was irrelevant. \u201d Des Browne, the Defence Secretary, commented on the loss of life in both Iraq and Afghanistan yesterday. \u201c Our troops are doing a tough job magnificently well. Their courage and commitment demands nothing but admiration. \u201d", "after_revision": "\" I\u2019m proud of him as a soldier and as a son. He did the Army proud, \" 60 year-old Robin Cornish said of his son, the one hundred and fifteenth British soldier to be killed in Iraq since operations began in 2003. Cpl Cornish, who served for the 1st Battalion The Light Infantry, joined the Army at the age of eighteen in Leeds. His deployments included Northern Ireland, Sierra Leone and Iraq in 2003 and 2004. He had been touring the country for a third time for three months when he was killed. His father said he would have risen through the ranks: \" He would have got on. He was determined to go up the ladder and he would have got there. \" Yesterday, Cpl Cornish ' s Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Colonel Johnny Bowron, said: \" Matthew was a great soldier, a fine friend and a marvellous husband and father. He will be remembered for his heart and his great character. A Yorkshire man through and through and an enthusiastic follower of Leeds Rhinos Rugby League, he was constantly teased for his inexplicable loyalty to Tottenham Hotspur Football Club. \" Cpl Cornish leaves behind his wife Abbey, his three-year old son Ethan and his one-year old daughter Libby. Lt Col Bowron said Cpl Cornish ' s true passion was for his family. \" They were what lay closest to his heart - the rest was irrelevant. \" Des Browne, the Defence Secretary, commented on the loss of life in both Iraq and Afghanistan yesterday. \" Our troops are doing a tough job magnificently well. Their courage and commitment demands nothing but admiration. \"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 1}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 69, "end_char_pos": 70}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 552, "end_char_pos": 553}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 643, "end_char_pos": 644}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 668, "end_char_pos": 669}, {"type": "R", "before": "Lietenant", "after": "Lieutenant", "start_char_pos": 692, "end_char_pos": 701}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 731, "end_char_pos": 732}, {"type": "R", "before": "Yorkshireman", "after": "Yorkshire man", "start_char_pos": 876, "end_char_pos": 888}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1058, "end_char_pos": 1059}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 1199, "end_char_pos": 1200}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1236, "end_char_pos": 1237}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1305, "end_char_pos": 1306}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1412, "end_char_pos": 1413}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1528, "end_char_pos": 1529}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 45, 212, 327, 410, 496, 575, 642, 812, 873, 1057, 1167, 1235, 1304, 1411, 1466]} {"doc_id": "47188", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "According to BBC NEWS , Merseyside police have apparently been called in and are working with the Crown Prosecution Service. As yet there has been no confirmation that the blog was acting in or had intended to act in a criminal manner. An Earlier article in the Liverpool Echo, had however suggested that some employees of Liverpool City Council felt postings on the blog may be defamatory, a civil rather criminal matter. Liverpool City Council, has so far declined to comment on the sites dissaperance , although the site had been previosuly blocked from the council's IT systems.", "after_revision": "According to BBC News , Merseyside police have apparently been called in and are working with the Crown Prosecution Service. As yet there has been no confirmation that the blog was acting in or had intended to act in a criminal manner. An earlier article in the Liverpool Echo, had however suggested that some employees of Liverpool City Council felt postings on the blog may be defamatory, a civil rather than criminal matter. Liverpool City Council, has so far declined to comment on the sites disappearance , although the site had been previously blocked from the council's IT systems.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "NEWS", "after": "News", "start_char_pos": 17, "end_char_pos": 21}, {"type": "R", "before": "Earlier", "after": "earlier", "start_char_pos": 239, "end_char_pos": 246}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "than", "start_char_pos": 406, "end_char_pos": 406}, {"type": "R", "before": "dissaperance", "after": "disappearance", "start_char_pos": 492, "end_char_pos": 504}, {"type": "R", "before": "previosuly", "after": "previously", "start_char_pos": 534, "end_char_pos": 544}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 124, 235, 423]} {"doc_id": "478642", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The intended outcome of this is more flexible infoboxes, and ability to have multiple classes of infobox which may be re-coloured to make identifying an article's most-importand category easy - all whilst hiding the complexity from contributors. 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Repeat until flows around infobox. . . Some testing going on here. . . Working to move as much CSS as possible for Infoboxes into the master CSS, hence require a sandbox with its own Common. css page where changes can be trialled. The intended outcome of this is more flexible infoboxes, and ability to have multiple classes of infobox which may be re-coloured to make identifying an article's most-importand category easy - all whilst hiding the complexity from contributors. Repeat until flows around infobox. .. Some testing going on here. .. Working to move as much CSS as possible for Infoboxes into the master CSS, hence require a sandbox with its own Common. css page where changes can be trialled. The intended outcome of this is more flexible infoboxes, and ability to have multiple classes of infobox which may be re-coloured to make identifying an article's most-importand category easy - all whilst hiding the complexity from contributors. Repeat until flows around infobox. .. Some testing going on here. .. Working to move as much CSS as possible for Infoboxes into the master CSS, hence require a sandbox with its own Common. css page where changes can be trialled. The intended outcome of this is more flexible infoboxes, and ability to have multiple classes of infobox which may be re-coloured to make identifying an article's most-importand category easy - all whilst hiding the complexity from contributors. Repeat until flows around infobox. .. Some testing going on here. .. Working to move as much CSS as possible for Infoboxes into the master CSS, hence require a sandbox with its own Common. css page where changes can be trialled. The intended outcome of this is more flexible infoboxes, and ability to have multiple classes of infobox which may be re-coloured to make identifying an article's most-importand category easy - all whilst hiding the complexity from contributors.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Repeat until flows around infobox. .. Some testing going on here. ..%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Working to move as much CSS as possible for Infoboxes into the master CSS, hence require a sandbox with its own Common. css page where changes can be trialled. The intended outcome of this is more flexible infoboxes, and ability to have multiple classes of infobox which may be re-coloured to make identifying an article's most-importand category easy - all whilst hiding the complexity from contributors.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Repeat until flows around infobox. .", "after_revision": "The intended outcome of this is more flexible infoboxes, and ability to have multiple classes of infobox which may be re-coloured to make identifying an article's most-importand category easy - all whilst hiding the complexity from contributors. > Filler text ... Bacon ipsum dolor sit amet pork loin anim leberkas cillum laboris. Aliquip speck voluptate, meatball sint brisket corned beef. Rump capicola est flank, tempor dolore beef spare ribs pork loin corned beef chuck in ut nisi. Occaecat chuck frankfurter ex pastrami, ea ut beef in turkey. Cow pork irure flank, ut sunt pig short ribs fatback voluptate spare ribs sed filet mignon. Brisket aute fugiat, deserunt officia sausage eu laborum turducken dolor. Pork loin pork belly chicken consectetur, boudin laboris leberkas bresaola sed sint veniam bacon nostrud. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Pork belly ex dolore in commodo. Dolore consectetur in cupidatat prosciutto. Fugiat strip steak kielbasa, pork belly short ribs in swine rump. Anim sirloin elit turducken eu adipisicing. Shank velit andouille filet mignon. Pork chop ribeye exercitation beef consequat . Magna pastrami ea strip steak tri-tip pig. Labore anim shank, sirloin proident do dolore minim reprehenderit ribeye. Shank t-bone in sed magna pariatur. Ribeye venison jerky nostrud swine, in tempor leberkas dolore dolore enim sirloin et . Beef ribs enim cow, ullamco laborum laboris exercitation brisket boudin id magna flank meatloaf. Ham veniam brisket beef filet mignon eiusmod. Officia mollit jerky, magna incididunt ea laboris irure et. Velit corned beef leberkas ut strip steak, pork chop spare ribs bresaola venison speck tempor t-bone. Ham hock sunt kielbasa, in incididunt frankfurter jerky swine andouille nisi. Tri-tip veniam cow kielbasa, shank shankle hamburger salami venison. Cupidatat culpa shoulder, turducken et irure strip steak nulla. Kielbasa bresaola pork loin andouille commodo swine. Commodo aute flank excepteur prosciutto boudin cow. Ut flank jerky meatloaf commodo. Filet mignon capicola commodo, consectetur in nulla leberkas dolore brisket bacon fugiat ex elit. Do labore ball tip venison biltong, strip steak speck cupidatat. Cillum velit laboris, flank drumstick elit commodo irure voluptate eu aute ham hock bresaola. Turducken non short ribs beef strip steak, chuck flank. Voluptate quis qui venison. Dolor hamburger aute turducken. Quis beef boudin ad, et ullamco filet mignon chuck. Qui reprehenderit eu, kielbasa shankle fatback ut biltong irure commodo t-bone . Ad anim biltong, excepteur officia ground round veniam ham hock deserunt irure tongue id. Pork belly ham hock dolore, tongue dolor pariatur dolore esse brisket elit. Exercitation non velit eiusmod cillum, tail pastrami bresaola swine ut occaecat adipisicing elit. Beef ribs reprehenderit incididunt non, mollit tongue tri-tip cupidatat venison in elit meatloaf. Elit mollit adipisicing, magna consectetur nostrud exercitation ham sunt anim beef shoulder . Tri-tip ut cillum, tenderloin enim ball tip pork qui fatback jowl. Enim nisi meatball, culpa boudin tongue sunt reprehenderit turkey t-bone ut. Ea spare ribs adipisicing cillum. Pig tongue minim, id ut cow strip steak. Turducken consequat pastrami, proident non meatloaf corned beef irure in velit veniam est t-bone swine. Brisket qui venison t-bone, ullamco tongue in. Rump fatback sirloin, proident consectetur reprehenderit commodo. Enim sint filet mignon leberkas shank, speck t-bone laborum aute dolore drumstick. Nulla andouille eiusmod reprehenderit sausage. Corned beef proident bacon deserunt. Jerky ribeye salami tempor shankle tail. Ut tempor eu, venison pastrami pork belly shoulder ham est beef ribs culpa shankle. T-bone in minim flank nulla. Leberkas labore aliquip t-bone, velit minim veniam prosciutto spare ribs laboris voluptate pastrami magna cupidatat. Swine beef tri-tip tenderloin, id adipisicing beef ribs. Boudin quis jerky, eiusmod short loin strip steak leberkas laboris excepteur reprehenderit fugiat meatball chuck. In short loin salami, bacon rump magna t-bone tempor cupidatat. Jerky fugiat pastrami meatball, labore ball tip nostrud tri-tip quis short loin ribeye salami ham hock. Drumstick chicken proident fugiat prosciutto non labore tongue aliquip pig. Pariatur shank spare ribs, dolor ground round sirloin speck incididunt ullamco duis eu do labore. Ex nulla labore, tenderloin swine drumstick cupidatat. Eu est adipisicing, officia speck consectetur excepteur do shoulder. Fugiat drumstick shank tongue duis, jerky dolore swine nostrud anim quis. Fatback sed officia, anim enim pork exercitation andouille filet mignon. Culpa non ball tip, turkey chuck strip steak ut swine dolor shank dolore do. Incididunt pork belly sint duis, commodo adipisicing pork minim meatloaf mollit chuck eiusmod. Sed pancetta aliqua deserunt chuck shankle velit. Shoulder hamburger andouille pig laboris excepteur capicola flank kielbasa. Corned beef culpa prosciutto ribeye sirloin, jowl meatloaf tenderloin fatback boudin turducken ball tip. Fugiat est fatback, officia consequat pork biltong nulla salami jowl. Capicola pig pancetta, aliqua jowl ribeye occaecat. T-bone officia dolore cupidatat reprehenderit. Culpa anim et consectetur, shoulder pork chop enim beef ribs laboris. In ball tip consequat swine, t-bone ribeye incididunt drumstick venison ham dolore dolor. Swine kielbasa tenderloin, ham ut t-bone ex adipisicing. Anim ut dolore incididunt. Ham hock id aliqua qui, speck dolore exercitation drumstick adipisicing. Officia fugiat strip steak, est pork belly meatloaf aute. Ham officia jerky consequat nisi strip steak, spare ribs aliquip leberkas cupidatat in. Flank ball tip cow, est ad fatback exercitation excepteur anim sint ea veniam duis. Tempor sausage sed laboris, reprehenderit speck tail. Qui chuck speck anim sint tempor. Ad quis tri-tip, meatloaf pig capicola nisi nostrud turducken elit reprehenderit. Ut short loin short ribs frankfurter fatback. Ut eu et pastrami do short loin. Pariatur culpa consequat, qui ground round velit turducken labore chuck strip steak aliquip consectetur pork belly ea. Eu ground round bacon, leberkas corned beef minim beef ribs ea voluptate deserunt pork belly. Pastrami bresaola enim, excepteur shank eu tri-tip leberkas strip steak voluptate. In pariatur ribeye pastrami rump, filet mignon minim fugiat. Chuck cow ad hamburger sint rump. T-bone qui chicken, tempor dolore jowl sed excepteur voluptate short ribs elit drumstick ad. Sint tongue qui, chicken aute cupidatat eiusmod salami nisi. Dolore rump duis, beef ut swine aute pork loin pariatur ground round sint. Aliquip tenderloin ea turducken, adipisicing est voluptate brisket ham consequat salami shankle occaecat aliqua. Salami tempor sausage, ea chicken excepteur bresaola flank eu turkey dolore mollit velit reprehenderit proident. Reprehenderit fugiat voluptate sunt, beef ribs nisi duis occaecat jerky ullamco pig incididunt boudin. Strip steak capicola ut, boudin bacon chicken duis minim shank esse proident elit flank. Est consectetur pariatur pork chop, enim capicola pastrami short ribs beef ribs speck bresaola sed filet mignon ut. Veniam bacon filet mignon boudin, aliqua laboris corned beef sunt short loin frankfurter flank shank pariatur. Tongue laboris anim andouille. Chicken capicola leberkas commodo est mollit aliquip, elit incididunt. Shankle venison cow, eu kielbasa capicola et swine do bacon proident nostrud commodo speck excepteur. Reprehenderit venison excepteur hamburger pig. Bacon consectetur salami, sed flank sint pancetta. Corned beef tongue tempor jowl veniam pork. %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Swine ut est chicken. Kielbasa ground round anim, sint aute drumstick in est ut sed tri-tip strip steak cow. Pork chop t-bone enim, corned beef hamburger short ribs duis esse bacon short loin minim venison boudin do fatback. Shank meatball id proident tail t-bone. Drumstick ut spare ribs shoulder, shank ball tip consequat. 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The commission was established to enhance community relations after the 7 July bomb attacks in London last year, and it will investigate how tensions between people of different ethnic groups and religions can be countered. \u201c Alongside the debate, we need action at all levels - national, but even more importantly from local communities themselves to help build united communities and root out all forms of extremism, \u201d Ms Kelly said. She also warned that communities were becoming more and more secluded from each other. \u201c In our attempt to avoid imposing a single British identity and culture, have we ended up with some communities living in isolation from each other with no common bonds between them? \u201d she asked. On the subject of immigration, Ms Kelly said it is not racist to discuss the issue. \u201c We need a well-managed system of immigration that has clear rules and integrity to counter exploitations from the far right. \u201d She also acknowledged that international events are having an impact on community relations. \u201c Global tensions are being reflected on the streets of local communities, \u201d she said. Damian Green, the Conservative Party \u2019 s spokesman on immigration , said: \u201c There is a huge and vital challenge to be met in helping Britain's Muslim communities integrate fully with the rest of society. We hope that this latest government initiative has more substance than previous initiatives which have tended to grab a headline but then achieve very little in the long term. \u201d", "after_revision": "In a speech in South London this morning, Communities Secretary Ruth Kelly has urged local communities to \"root out\" fanaticism. She was speaking as head of the government ' s Commission on Integration and Cohesion. The commission was established to enhance community relations after the 7 July bomb attacks in London last year, and it will investigate how tensions between people of different ethnic groups and religions can be countered. \" Alongside the debate, we need action at all levels - national, but even more importantly from local communities themselves to help build united communities and root out all forms of extremism, \" Ms Kelly said. She also warned that communities were becoming more and more secluded from each other. \" In our attempt to avoid imposing a single British identity and culture, have we ended up with some communities living in isolation from each other with no common bonds between them? \" she asked. On the subject of immigration, Ms Kelly said it is not racist to discuss the issue. \" We need a well-managed system of immigration that has clear rules and integrity to counter exploitations from the far right. \" She also acknowledged that international events are having an impact on community relations. \" Global tensions are being reflected on the streets of local communities, \" she said. Damian Green, the Conservative Party ' s spokesman on immigration said, \" There is a huge and vital challenge to be met in helping Britain's Muslim communities integrate fully with the rest of society. We hope that this latest government initiative has more substance than previous initiatives which have tended to grab a headline but then achieve very little in the long term. \"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "\u201croot out\u201d", "after": "\"root out\"", "start_char_pos": 106, "end_char_pos": 116}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 172, "end_char_pos": 173}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 440, "end_char_pos": 441}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 635, "end_char_pos": 636}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 739, "end_char_pos": 740}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 923, "end_char_pos": 924}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1020, "end_char_pos": 1021}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1147, "end_char_pos": 1148}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1242, "end_char_pos": 1243}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1317, "end_char_pos": 1318}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 1366, "end_char_pos": 1367}, {"type": "R", "before": ", said: \u201c", "after": "said, \"", "start_char_pos": 1395, "end_char_pos": 1404}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1709, "end_char_pos": 1710}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 128, 215, 439, 651, 738, 922, 935, 1019, 1146, 1241, 1328, 1532]} {"doc_id": "48094", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Pluto's diameter is about 18\\% that of Earth. Today, astronomers have endorsed a proposal about the definition of the word \"planet\" . As a consequence, our solar system now counts only 8 planets . They are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Pluto no longer meets the criteria and loses its planet status, but becomes the prototype of a distinct class of dwarf planets . Ceres and 2003 UB313 also have been recognised as dwarf planets. Charon , which was previously in the run for promotion, did not meet the final criteria for a dwarf planet. Some 2500 astronomers from over 75 countries gathered this week in Prague at the Congress of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to decide on several issues like a formal definition of a planet. Previously, there was no definition and with the discovery of new objects beyond Pluto there was much need for a clear criterion. The scientists also discussed new research findings in their field. The final draft states: \"A planet is a celestial body that is in orbit around the Sun has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit. A dwarf planet is a celestial body that is in orbit around the Sun, has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit, is not a satellite . Pluto did not meet one of the criteria for planet: its orbit is higly eccentric , causing it to overlap with Neptune's. The IAU has a dozen other objects similar to Pluto on its \"watchlist\" and is expected to announce new dwarf planets in the coming months and years. Ever since its discovery by American Clyde Tombaugh in 1930, Pluto has been considered a planet, though its status has been questioned many times after it was discovered to be far less massive than earlier calculations suggested, and because of its many other eccentricities. As a consequence of the vote, many textbooks, encyclopedias and other sources will need rewriting.", "after_revision": "Today, have endorsed a proposal about the . As a consequence, our solar system now counts only 8 . They are , , , , , , , and . no longer meets the criteria and loses its planet status, but becomes the prototype of a distinct class of . and also have been recognised as dwarf planets. , which was previously in the run for promotion, did not meet the final criteria for a dwarf planet. Some 2500 astronomers from over 75 countries gathered this week in at the Congress of the (IAU) to decide on several issues like a formal definition of a planet. Previously, there was no definition and with the discovery of new objects beyond Pluto there was much need for a clear criterion. The scientists also discussed new research findings in their field. The final draft states: \"A planet is a celestial body that is in orbit around the has sufficient mass for its self- to overcome so that it assumes a (nearly round) shape has around its orbit. A dwarf planet is a celestial body that is in orbit around the Sun, has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit, is not a . Pluto did not meet one of the criteria for planet: its is highly , causing it to overlap with Neptune's. The IAU has a dozen other objects similar to Pluto on its \"watchlist\" and is expected to announce new dwarf planets in the coming months and years. Ever since its discovery by American in 1930, Pluto has been considered a planet, though its status has been questioned many times after it was discovered to be far less massive than earlier calculations suggested, and because of its many other eccentricities. As a consequence of the vote, many textbooks, encyclopedias and other sources will need rewriting.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Pluto's diameter is about 18\\% that of Earth. Today, astronomers", "after": "Today,", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 64}, {"type": "D", "before": "definition of the word \"planet\"", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 100, "end_char_pos": 131}, {"type": "D", "before": "planets", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 187, "end_char_pos": 194}, {"type": "R", "before": "Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. 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The plant is part of the nuclear program of Iran , which the Iranian government says is for peaceful purposes only in the face of accusations by western governments that the country is trying to develop nuclear weapons. The Arak facility, located 150 miles south of Teheran , is part of a larger project of building a heavy-water reactor in the city. The Iranian president has said that it will be used for medical purposes only, and has said that students, scientists, and journalists will be allowed to tour the plant. Construction on the production plant began in 1996. Iran provoked international controversy in April 2006 when it announced an earlier nuclear success: the enrichment of a small amount of uranium to reactor-grade levels (3.5\\% of the isotope uranium-235 using gas centrifuge technology. Concern was raised by some that if Iran was able to scale up its enrichment facilities, they could be used to produce bomb-grade uranium (90\\% uranium-235). Heavy water is the colloquial name for deuterium oxide, 2H2O. To the unaided eye it appears identical to regular water, H2O, but it contains deuterium , a heavy isotope of hydrogen. Among its many uses, it is commonly used as a moderator in certain types of nuclear reactors. It is considered a nuclear proliferation risk because heavy-water production reactors can easily use natural uranium, and in the process transmute it into the element plutonium , which can be reprocessed and used as the fissile core of a nuclear bomb. Heavy-water production reactors have been used for this purpose by India, Israel, Pakistan, North Korea, Russia and USA. There is no evidence that heavy-water power reactors, such as the Canadian-produced CANDU reactor , have been used for military plutonium production, but in theory they can also be used for this purpose, as any uranium reactor will produce certain amounts of plutonium. Critics have charged that current Iranian research reactors do not require the amount of heavy water which the production facility will be able to create. Iran's other controversial reactor site at Bushehr does not require heavy water. Though many of Iran's nuclear facilities do have possible peaceful uses, most of them are considered dual-use technology , which could also be diverted into military purposes. In 2003, the still-developing production site was inspected by a delegation from the International Atomic Energy Agency, the non-proliferation wing of the United Nations in charge of enforcing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty , of which Iran is a signatory. At the time, Iran claimed the heavy water would be for exporting to other countries, and later clarified that it would be used for a heavy-water reactor in Arak. Iran has claimed that it would have purchased a heavy-water research reactor from abroad but it had been unable to do so, and so had to resort to an indigenous design and construction. Iran claims that the reactor will be used to produce radioisotopes , which have many medical applications. IAEA inspectors questioned this on the basis that the reactor plans they had seen did not have adequate facilities for producing radioisotopes. Iran claimed that the plans were still developing and that the missing facilities, known as hot cells, could not yet be designed without knowing other characteristics of the reactor, and that they were building a separate facility with those capabilities at the same site.", "after_revision": "Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad inaugurated a production plant in , Iran on Saturday, according to reports on Iranian television. The plant is part of the , which the Iranian government says is for peaceful purposes only in the face of accusations by western governments that the country is trying to develop nuclear weapons. The Arak facility, located 150 miles south of , is part of a larger project of building a heavy-water in the city. The Iranian president has said that it will be used for medical purposes only, and has said that students, scientists, and journalists will be allowed to tour the plant. Construction on the production plant began in 1996. Iran provoked international controversy in April 2006 when it announced an earlier nuclear success: the of a small amount of to reactor-grade levels (3.5\\% of the isotope using technology. Concern was raised by some that if Iran was able to scale up its enrichment facilities, they could be used to produce bomb-grade uranium (90\\% uranium-235). Heavy water is the colloquial name for deuterium oxide, 2H2O. To the unaided eye it appears identical to regular water, H2O, but it contains , a heavy isotope of hydrogen. Among its many uses, it is commonly used as a moderator in certain types of nuclear reactors. It is considered a nuclear proliferation risk because heavy-water production reactors can easily use natural uranium, and in the process transmute it into the element , which can be reprocessed and used as the fissile core of a nuclear bomb. Heavy-water production reactors have been used for this purpose by India, Israel, Pakistan, North Korea, Russia and USA. There is no evidence that heavy-water power reactors, such as the Canadian-produced , have been used for military plutonium production, but in theory they can also be used for this purpose, as any uranium reactor will produce certain amounts of plutonium. Critics have charged that current Iranian research reactors do not require the amount of heavy water which the production facility will be able to create. Iran's other controversial reactor site at does not require heavy water. Though many of Iran's nuclear facilities do have possible peaceful uses, most of them are considered , which could also be diverted into military purposes. In 2003, the still-developing production site was inspected by a delegation from the International Atomic Energy Agency, the non-proliferation wing of the United Nations in charge of enforcing the , of which Iran is a signatory. At the time, Iran claimed the heavy water would be for exporting to other countries, and later clarified that it would be used for a heavy-water reactor in Arak. Iran has claimed that it would have purchased a heavy-water research reactor from abroad but it had been unable to do so, and so had to resort to an indigenous design and construction. Iran claims that the reactor will be used to produce , which have many medical applications. IAEA inspectors questioned this on the basis that the reactor plans they had seen did not have adequate facilities for producing radioisotopes. 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James kicks another penalty two minutes later giving them a six to nil lead. Daniel Carter then gives the All Blacks their first points with a penalty kick of his own. Fourie du Preez scored the first try of the match in the 10th minute for South Africa. Montgomery misses the conversion and the South Africa now lead 11 to three. After a period of no scoring, Carter kicks another penalty goal in the 18th minute to reduce the gap to 11 to six. Neemia Tialata scores the All Blacks first try off a Carter kick. Carter converts , and the All Blacks move ahead to 13 to 11. On halftime the All Blacks are given a penalty, 60m away from the South African line. An ambitious Carter goes for the kick, and is successful, and the All Blacks go into the break 16 to 11. Carter gets the first points of the second half with another penalty goal inthe 43rd minute. Luke McAlister extends the All Blacks lead a few minutes later with a try of his own, and with Carters conversion, the All Blacks now lead 26 to 11. A subsequent penalty goal to South Africa by Montgomery reduces this to 26 to 14. The All Blacks start to move further away with the game when Sitiveni Sivivatu scores in the 55th minute, although Carter misses the conversion, the All Blacks move to a 31 to 14 lead. A try to Mils Muliaina and a subsequent Carter conversion makes the score 38 to 14. South Africa start to make a comeback when Jaque Fourie scores a try. Andr\u00e9 Pretorius misses the conversion, and the score is now 38 to 19 to the All Blacks. Fourie scores again in the 70th minute, and with the Pretorius conversion, the score is now 38 to 26 with 10 minutes remaining in the match. However Rico Gear seals the victory in the 75th minute with a try. carter converts and the All Blacks win 45 to 26.", "after_revision": "Richie McCaw knocked on the kick off from Butch James, offside All Blacks then lead to an early penalty kick to Percy Montgomery, giving South Africa a three-nil lead. James kicked another penalty two minutes later giving them a six to nil lead. Daniel Carter then gave the All Blacks their first points with a penalty kick of his own. Fourie du Preez scored the first try of the match in the 10th minute for South Africa. Montgomery missed the conversion and South Africa lead 11 to three. After a period of no scoring, Carter kicked another penalty goal in the 18th minute to reduce the gap to 11 to six. Neemia Tialata scored the All Blacks first try off a Carter kick. Carter converted , and the All Blacks moved ahead to 13 to 11. On halftime the All Blacks are given a penalty, 60m away from the South African line. An ambitious Carter went for the kick, and was successful, and the All Blacks went into the break 16 to 11. Carter got the first points of the second half with another penalty goal in the 43rd minute. Luke McAlister extended the All Blacks lead a few minutes later with a try of his own, and with Carter's conversion, the All Blacks lead 26 to 11. A subsequent penalty goal to South Africa by Montgomery reduced this to 26 to 14. The All Blacks start to move further away with the game when Sitiveni Sivivatu scored in the 55th minute, although Carter missed the conversion, the All Blacks moved to a 31 to 14 lead. A try to Mils Muliaina and a subsequent Carter conversion made the score 38 to 14. South Africa started to make a comeback when Jaque Fourie scored a try. Andr\u00e9 Pretorius missed the conversion, and the score was at 38 to 19 to the All Blacks. Fourie scored again in the 70th minute, and with the Pretorius conversion, the score read 38 to 26 with 10 minutes remaining in the match. However Rico Gear sealed the victory in the 75th minute with a try. Carter converted and the All Blacks won 45 to 26.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "kicks", "after": "kicked", "start_char_pos": 174, "end_char_pos": 179}, {"type": "R", "before": "gives", "after": "gave", "start_char_pos": 264, "end_char_pos": 269}, {"type": "R", "before": "misses", "after": "missed", "start_char_pos": 434, "end_char_pos": 440}, {"type": "R", "before": "the South Africa now", "after": "South Africa", "start_char_pos": 460, "end_char_pos": 480}, {"type": "R", "before": "kicks", "after": "kicked", "start_char_pos": 536, "end_char_pos": 541}, {"type": "R", "before": "scores", "after": "scored", "start_char_pos": 629, "end_char_pos": 635}, {"type": "R", "before": "converts", "after": "converted", "start_char_pos": 687, "end_char_pos": 695}, {"type": "R", "before": "move", "after": "moved", "start_char_pos": 717, "end_char_pos": 721}, {"type": "R", "before": "goes", "after": "went", "start_char_pos": 847, "end_char_pos": 851}, {"type": "R", "before": "is", "after": "was", "start_char_pos": 870, "end_char_pos": 872}, {"type": "R", "before": "go", "after": "went", "start_char_pos": 904, "end_char_pos": 906}, {"type": "R", "before": "gets", "after": "got", "start_char_pos": 939, "end_char_pos": 943}, {"type": "R", "before": "inthe", "after": "in the", "start_char_pos": 1006, "end_char_pos": 1011}, {"type": "R", "before": "extends", "after": "extended", "start_char_pos": 1040, "end_char_pos": 1047}, {"type": "R", "before": "Carters", "after": "Carter's", "start_char_pos": 1120, "end_char_pos": 1127}, {"type": "D", "before": "now", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1155, "end_char_pos": 1158}, {"type": "R", "before": "reduces", "after": "reduced", "start_char_pos": 1230, "end_char_pos": 1237}, {"type": "R", "before": "scores", "after": "scored", "start_char_pos": 1335, "end_char_pos": 1341}, {"type": "R", "before": "misses", "after": "missed", "start_char_pos": 1378, "end_char_pos": 1384}, {"type": "R", "before": "move", "after": "moved", "start_char_pos": 1416, "end_char_pos": 1420}, {"type": "R", "before": "makes", "after": "made", "start_char_pos": 1499, "end_char_pos": 1504}, {"type": "R", "before": "start", "after": "started", "start_char_pos": 1538, "end_char_pos": 1543}, {"type": "R", "before": "scores", "after": "scored", "start_char_pos": 1581, "end_char_pos": 1587}, {"type": "R", "before": "misses", "after": "missed", "start_char_pos": 1611, "end_char_pos": 1617}, {"type": "R", "before": "is now", "after": "was at", "start_char_pos": 1648, "end_char_pos": 1654}, {"type": "R", "before": "scores", "after": "scored", "start_char_pos": 1690, "end_char_pos": 1696}, {"type": "R", "before": "is now", "after": "read", "start_char_pos": 1768, "end_char_pos": 1774}, {"type": "R", "before": "seals", "after": "sealed", "start_char_pos": 1842, "end_char_pos": 1847}, {"type": "R", "before": "carter converts", "after": "Carter converted", "start_char_pos": 1891, "end_char_pos": 1906}, {"type": "R", "before": "win", "after": "won", "start_char_pos": 1926, "end_char_pos": 1929}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 167, 244, 335, 422, 498, 613, 679, 740, 826, 931, 1024, 1173, 1255, 1440, 1524, 1594, 1682, 1823]} {"doc_id": "49966", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Hewlett-Packard is in a scandal over the alegged illegal investigation of its own board members over leaks from the board to the press. The companys admits that it hired private investigators and that they used pretexting to get private phone records of it's own directors. Pretexting is where someone pretends to be the customer when calling the phone company to get their phone records. It is illegal in the State of California. The aim of the HP investigation was to find out which director(s) had leaked information to journalists. VC investor Tom Perkins resigned from the board on May 22nd 2006 over the issue and requested that HP look into the methods used in it's leak inquiry. The FCC is looking into phone companies who may have supplied the phone records illegally under California law. So", "after_revision": "Hewlett-Packard (HP) is embroiled in a scandal over the alleged illegal investigation of its own board members over leaks from the board to the press. The companys admits that it hired private investigators and that they used pretexting to get private phone records of its own directors. 'Pretexting' is where someone pretends to be the customer when calling the phone company to get their phone records. It is illegal in the state of California. The aim of the HP investigation was to find out which director(s) had leaked information to journalists. Venture Capitalist investor Tom Perkins resigned from the board on May 22, 2006 over the issue and requested that HP look into the methods used in its leak inquiry. The Federal Communications Commission is looking into phone companies who may have supplied the phone records illegally under California law. ", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "is", "after": "(HP) is embroiled", "start_char_pos": 16, "end_char_pos": 18}, {"type": "R", "before": "alegged", "after": "alleged", "start_char_pos": 41, "end_char_pos": 48}, {"type": "R", "before": "it's", "after": "its", "start_char_pos": 254, "end_char_pos": 258}, {"type": "R", "before": "Pretexting", "after": "'Pretexting'", "start_char_pos": 274, "end_char_pos": 284}, {"type": "R", "before": "State", "after": "state", "start_char_pos": 410, "end_char_pos": 415}, {"type": "R", "before": "VC", "after": "Venture Capitalist", "start_char_pos": 536, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "R", "before": "22nd", "after": "22,", "start_char_pos": 591, "end_char_pos": 595}, {"type": "R", "before": "it's", "after": "its", "start_char_pos": 668, "end_char_pos": 672}, {"type": "R", "before": "FCC", "after": "Federal Communications Commission", "start_char_pos": 691, "end_char_pos": 694}, {"type": "D", "before": "So", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 799, "end_char_pos": 801}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 135, 273, 388, 430, 535, 686]} {"doc_id": "5194", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "thumb The 77th Annual Academy Awards were held on February 27th, 2005 and broadcast live across the world. Some of the more poignant moments included a tribute to Johnny Carson , frequent host of the Awards, as well as a video tribute to many people involved in the movie industry who died in the past year, including Rodney Dangerfield, Ossie Davis, Christopher Reeve, Marlon Brando, and Ronald Reagan , set to the music of Yo Yo Ma . Winners/Nominees Best Picture Million Dollar Baby Other nominees The Aviator Finding Neverland Ray Sideways Achievement in Directing Clint Eastwood , Million Dollar Baby Other nominees Martin Scorsese, The Aviator Taylor Hackford, Ray Alexander Payne, Sideways Mike Leigh, Vera Drake Best Actor in a Leading Role Jamie Foxx , Ray Other nominees Don Cheadle, Hotel Rwanda Johnny Depp, Finding Neverland Leonardo DiCaprio, The Aviator Clint Eastwood, Million Dollar Baby Best Supporting Actor Morgan Freeman , Million Dollar Baby Other nominees Alan Alda, The Aviator Thomas Haden Church, Sideways Jamie Foxx, Collateral Clive Owen, Closer Best Actress in a Leading Role Hilary Swank , Million Dollar Baby Other nominees Annette Bening, Being Julia Catalina Sandino Moreno, Maria Full of Grace Imelda Staunton, Vera Drake Kate Winslet, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Best Supporting Actress Cate Blanchett , The Aviator Other nominees Laura Linney, Kinsey Virginia Madsen, Sideways Sophie Okenodo, Hotel Rwanda Natalie Portman, Closer Best Original Screenplay Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Other nominees The Aviator Hotel Rwanda The Incredibles Vera Drake Best Adapted Screenplay Sideways Other nominees Before Sunset Finding Neverland Million Dollar Baby The Motorcycle Diaries Best Foreign-Language Film The Sea Inside Other nominees As It Is In Heaven The Chorus Downfall Yesterday Best Animated Feature Film The Incredibles Other nominees Shark Tale Shrek 2 Achievement in Art Direction The Aviator Other nominees Finding Neverland Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Andrew Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera A Very Long Engagement Achievement in Cinematography The Aviator Other nominees House of Flying Daggers The Passion of the Christ Andrew Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera A Very Long Engagement Achievement in Costume Design The Aviator Other nominees Finding Neverland Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Ray Troy Best Documentary Feature Born into Brothels Other nominees The Story of the Weeping Camel Super Size Me Tupac: Resurrection Twist of Faith Best Film Editing The Aviator Other nominees Collateral Finding Neverland Million Dollar Baby Ray Achievement in Makeup A Series of Unfortunate Events Other nominees The Passion of the Christ The Sea Inside Best Original Score Finding Neverland Other nominees Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events The Passion of the Christ The Village Original Song Al Otro Lado Del Rio, from The Motorcycle Diaries Other nominees \u201cAccidentally in Love\u201d, Shrek 2 \u201cBelieve\u201d, The Polar Express \u201cLearn to Be Lonely\u201d, Andrew Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera \u201cLook to Your Path (Vois sur ton chemin)\u201d, The Chorus Achievement in Sound Mixing Ray Other nominees The Aviator The Incredibles The Polar Express Spider-Man 2 Achievement in Sound Editing The Incredibles Other nominees The Polar Express Spider-Man 2 Best Visual Effects Spider-Man 2 Other nominees Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban I, Robot Best Documentary Short Mighty Times: The Children's March Other nominees Autism is the World The Children of Leningradsky Hardwood Sister Rose's Passion Best Animated Short Film Ryan Other nominees Birthday Boy Gopher Broke Guard Dog Lorenzo", "after_revision": "The were held on February 27th, 2005 and broadcast live across the world. Some of the more poignant moments included a tribute to , frequent host of the Awards, as well as a video tribute to many people involved in the movie industry who died in the past year, including , , , , and , set to the music of . Winners/Nominees Best Picture Other nominees Achievement in Directing , Other nominees , , , , Best Actor in a Leading Role , Other nominees , , , , Best Supporting Actor , Other nominees , , , , Best Actress in a Leading Role , Other nominees , , , , Best Supporting Actress , Other nominees , , , , Best Original Screenplay Other nominees Best Adapted Screenplay Other nominees Best Foreign-Language Film Other nominees As It Is In Heaven Downfall Best Animated Feature Film Other nominees Achievement in Art Direction Other nominees Achievement in Cinematography Other nominees Achievement in Costume Design Other nominees Best Documentary Feature Other nominees Tupac: Resurrection Twist of Faith Best Film Editing Other nominees Achievement in Makeup Other nominees Best Original Score Other nominees Original Song Al Otro Lado Del Rio, from Other nominees \u201cAccidentally in Love\u201d, \u201cBelieve\u201d, \u201cLearn to Be Lonely\u201d, \u201cLook to Your Path (Vois sur ton chemin)\u201d, Achievement in Sound Mixing Other nominees Achievement in Sound Editing Other nominees Best Visual Effects Other nominees Best Documentary Short Mighty Times: The Children's March Other nominees The Children of Leningradsky Hardwood Sister Rose's Passion Best Animated Short Film Other nominees Birthday Boy Gopher Broke Guard Dog Lorenzo", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "thumb The 77th Annual Academy Awards", "after": "The", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 36}, {"type": "D", "before": "Johnny Carson", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 163, "end_char_pos": 176}, {"type": "D", "before": "Rodney Dangerfield, Ossie Davis, Christopher Reeve, Marlon Brando, and Ronald Reagan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 318, "end_char_pos": 402}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ", , , and ,", "start_char_pos": 405, "end_char_pos": 405}, {"type": "D", "before": "Yo Yo Ma", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 426, "end_char_pos": 434}, {"type": "R", "before": "Million 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null, "start_char_pos": 3236, "end_char_pos": 3282}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Chorus", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3326, "end_char_pos": 3336}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ray Other nominees The Aviator The Incredibles The Polar Express Spider-Man 2", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3365, "end_char_pos": 3442}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Other nominees", "start_char_pos": 3443, "end_char_pos": 3443}, {"type": "D", "before": "The Incredibles Other nominees The Polar Express Spider-Man 2", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3473, "end_char_pos": 3534}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Other nominees", "start_char_pos": 3535, "end_char_pos": 3535}, {"type": "D", "before": "Spider-Man 2 Other nominees Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban I, Robot", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3556, "end_char_pos": 3633}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Other nominees", "start_char_pos": 3634, "end_char_pos": 3634}, {"type": "D", "before": "Autism is the World", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3708, "end_char_pos": 3727}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ryan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 3813, "end_char_pos": 3817}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 106, 178, 207, 307, 337, 350, 369, 384, 404, 593, 664, 693, 714, 735, 795, 846, 872, 909, 937, 1003, 1068, 1101, 1122, 1145, 1205, 1275, 1312, 1349, 1374, 1460, 1520, 1544, 1569, 1599, 1612, 1632, 1649, 1665, 1676, 1689, 1703, 1714, 1726, 1737, 1750, 1761, 1776, 1792, 1807, 1825, 1837, 1852, 1865, 1882, 1895, 1908, 1920, 1936, 1947, 1966, 1980, 1993, 2009, 2024, 2035, 2055, 2072, 2084, 2099, 2117, 2134, 2146, 2158, 2172, 2655, 3109, 3176, 3195, 3671]} {"doc_id": "52282", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Internet users on the Chinese-forums.com website report that the longtime block of Wikipedia by China has been at least temporarily lifted. Absent an announcement from the Chinese government, it's unclear what the conditions were that caused the site to be accessible from within China. A blog by Wikipedia contributor Andrew Lih says that someone in \" Beijing emailed me saying he could suddenly start using Wikipedia again. Some folks in Hubei said it was still blocked. Shanghai and Guangdong users said parts were accessible.\" He continued that \"from a Beijing China Netcom's residential DSL connection, the English language and other foreign language versions are now accessible, but the Chinese version is still blocked\", noting that the Chinese-language version is the most important one to most Wikipedians in the country. Wikimedia head Jimmy Wales told Moneycontrol.com yesterday that, \"We don't know what they took offense to. We really don't intend to compromise the way Google did. We also feel that the block is an error. I am trying to set up high-level meetings in China to state our case and explain why we should be unblocked. We have no idea what the result of that would be. But we are somewhat hopeful. Wikipedia is not a haven for dissidents but an encyclopedia. About 99.9 percent of Wikipedia has topics that are not of interest to the Chinese Government. There is no political component. We are hopeful that they can see the point.\" The third block of Wikipedia, which was implemented 19 October 2005, was issued without explanation or an expected length. Wikipedia has been blocked twice before, the first from 2-21 June 2004, due to the 15th anniversary of the Tian'anmen Square Incident . A website called baidu.com runs a self-censored wiki-based encyclopedia website, called baidubaike.com, launched in April of this year. Wikipedia is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organisation based out of St. Petersberg, Florida . Its 2007 annual convention, Wikimania , is set to take place in Taipei .", "after_revision": " users on the Chinese-forums.com website report that the longtime block of by China has been at least temporarily lifted. Absent an announcement from the Chinese government, it's unclear what the conditions were that caused the site to be accessible from within China. A blog by Wikipedia contributor Andrew Lih says that someone in \" emailed me saying he could suddenly start using Wikipedia again. Some folks in said it was still blocked. and users said parts were accessible.\" He continued that \"from a Beijing China Netcom's residential connection, the English language and other foreign language versions are now accessible, but the Chinese version is still blocked\", noting that the Chinese-language version is the most important one to most Wikipedians in the country. Wikimedia head told yesterday that, \"We don't know what they took offense to. We really don't intend to compromise the way Google did. We also feel that the block is an error. I am trying to set up high-level meetings in China to state our case and explain why we should be unblocked. We have no idea what the result of that would be. But we are somewhat hopeful. Wikipedia is not a haven for dissidents but an encyclopedia. About 99.9 percent of Wikipedia has topics that are not of interest to the Chinese Government. There is no political component. We are hopeful that they can see the point.\" The third block of Wikipedia, which was implemented 19 October 2005, was issued without explanation or an expected length. Wikipedia has been blocked twice before, the first from 2-21 June 2004, due to the 15th anniversary of the . A website called runs a self-censored wiki-based encyclopedia website, called baidubaike.com, launched in April of this year. Wikipedia is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation, a organisation based out of , . Its 2007 annual convention, , is set to take place in .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Internet", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 8}, {"type": "D", "before": "Wikipedia", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 83, "end_char_pos": 92}, {"type": "D", "before": "Beijing", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 353, "end_char_pos": 360}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hubei", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 440, "end_char_pos": 445}, {"type": "R", "before": "Shanghai and Guangdong", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 473, "end_char_pos": 495}, {"type": "D", "before": "DSL", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 592, "end_char_pos": 595}, {"type": "R", "before": "Jimmy Wales told Moneycontrol.com", "after": "told", "start_char_pos": 846, "end_char_pos": 879}, {"type": "D", "before": "Tian'anmen Square Incident", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1688, "end_char_pos": 1714}, {"type": "D", "before": "baidu.com", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1734, "end_char_pos": 1743}, {"type": "D", "before": "non-profit", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1907, "end_char_pos": 1917}, {"type": "R", "before": "St. Petersberg, Florida", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1944, "end_char_pos": 1967}, {"type": "D", "before": "Wikimania", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1998, "end_char_pos": 2007}, {"type": "D", "before": "Taipei", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2034, "end_char_pos": 2040}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 139, 286, 425, 472, 530, 830, 937, 994, 1035, 1144, 1194, 1223, 1284, 1379, 1412, 1457, 1580, 1716, 1852, 1947, 1969]} {"doc_id": "53180", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "FIVE GOVERNMENTS DIVIDED OVER PRIVATE TAKEOVER . A 'monopalisation' of Weston Government by a private 'organisation' has caused a split within five governments.Tension has grown over the past year, especialy at the 'House of Commons', due to Documentation and Corraspondence sent to five governments ( British, German, Swiss, Dane & Australien ) regarding a private 'consortiums' takeover of Weston Government. The Private Concern in qestian is reported to have made a 'pirated saturation' of Upper goernment over a planned and Legnthey Period. The Governments informed of this are Up in Arms and have seperated into two Camps ! The Commons has aparently been informed for most of this year , since the 'documents' started to be annonamously sent to the ' House', and are treating it as insider infomation and beetween the walls until an answer to the full extent of the situation is properly understood. I am in contact with a member of parliament & he has said he sees no harm in the public leaning of the situation as it concerns them very much as both sides live together , although many of his ' colleges 'feel the same , he does not wish to offically leak it and would prefer to remain annomanous because of the gravity of the situation, but also gestured towards his personal safty being a consideration. My relationship with this MP is such that he feels free to discuss the contents of the documents and also the wider scene which he has said is similer within five other governments, as i have stated. He feels the situation will continue to develop along 'Reconstructive Lines' and that there will be an element of confliction over the 'balance of Power' which will probaly lead to an 'administrative confrontation', whatever is meant by that (sounds like a gentalmans term for polictical fight), although he stresses the situation is at its 'Birth' I have a lot of details on the various documents content and am in good contact with the MP, although the sourse of the documents has never reavealed his identity. So my intention is to further the Exposure from the publics right to know something benificia", "after_revision": "FIVE GOVERNMENTS DIVIDED OVER PRIVATE MONOPOLY . A 'monopalisation' of Weston Government by a private 'organisation' has caused a split within five governments.Tension has grown over the past year, especialy at the 'House of Commons', due to Documentation and Corraspondence sent to five governments ( British, German, Swiss, Dane & Australien ) regarding a private 'consortiums' takeover of Weston Government. The Private Concern in questian is reported to have made a 'pirated saturation' of Upper goernment over a planned and Legnthey Period. The Governments informed of this are Up in Arms and have seperated into two Camps ! The Commons has aparently been informed for most of this year , since the 'documents' started to be annonamously sent to the ' House', and are treating it as insider infomation and are waiting untill an answer for the full extent of the situation is properly understood. I am in contact with a member of parliament & he has said he sees no harm in the public leaning of the situation as it concerns them very much as both sides live together . Although many of his ' colleges 'feel the same , he does not wish to officially leak it and would prefer to remain annomanous because of the gravity of the situation, but also gestured towards his personal safty being a consideration. My relationship with this MP is such that he feels free to discuss the contents of the documents and also the wider scene which he has said is similar within five other governments, as I have stated. He feels the situation will continue to develope along 'Reconstructive Lines' and that there will be an element of confliction over the 'balance of Power' which will probaly lead to an 'administrative confrontation', whatever is meant by that (sounds like a polictical fight), although he stresses the situation is at its 'Birth' I have a lot of details on the various documents content and am in good contact with the MP, though the sourse of the documents has never reavealed his identity. So my intention is to further the Exposure for the publics right to know something benificial", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "TAKEOVER", "after": "MONOPOLY", "start_char_pos": 38, "end_char_pos": 46}, {"type": "R", "before": "qestian", "after": "questian", "start_char_pos": 434, "end_char_pos": 441}, {"type": "R", "before": "beetween the walls until an answer to", "after": "are waiting untill an answer for", "start_char_pos": 810, "end_char_pos": 847}, {"type": "R", "before": ", although", "after": ". Although", "start_char_pos": 1076, "end_char_pos": 1086}, {"type": "R", "before": "offically", "after": "officially", "start_char_pos": 1147, "end_char_pos": 1156}, {"type": "R", "before": "similer", "after": "similar", "start_char_pos": 1455, "end_char_pos": 1462}, {"type": "R", "before": "i", "after": "I", "start_char_pos": 1497, "end_char_pos": 1498}, {"type": "R", "before": "develop", "after": "develope", "start_char_pos": 1552, "end_char_pos": 1559}, {"type": "D", "before": "gentalmans term for", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1769, "end_char_pos": 1788}, {"type": "R", "before": "although", "after": "though", "start_char_pos": 1954, "end_char_pos": 1962}, {"type": "R", "before": "from", "after": "for", "start_char_pos": 2068, "end_char_pos": 2072}, {"type": "R", "before": "benificia", "after": "benificial", "start_char_pos": 2109, "end_char_pos": 2118}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 160, 410, 544, 628, 904, 1311, 1511, 1588, 2024]} {"doc_id": "53369", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Top police sources said the message was sent to Director General of Police Raman Srivastava and the Home Secretary Sri Prakash Jaiswal. Taking serious note of the e-mail, Kerala police is interrogating the accused persons whether they had played a prank. After this happening , the authorities are on the high alert. This threat can have serious connotations considering the arrest of 2 Al-badr militants from down south.", "after_revision": "Top police sources said the message was sent to Director General of Police Raman Srivastava and the Home Secretary Sri Prakash Jaiswal. Taking serious note of the e-mail, Kerala police are interrogating the accused persons suspecting they had played a prank. After this incident , the authorities are on high alert. This threat can have serious connotations considering the arrest of 2 Al-badr militants from down south.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "is", "after": "are", "start_char_pos": 185, "end_char_pos": 187}, {"type": "R", "before": "whether", "after": "suspecting", "start_char_pos": 222, "end_char_pos": 229}, {"type": "R", "before": "happening", "after": "incident", "start_char_pos": 266, "end_char_pos": 275}, {"type": "D", "before": "the", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 301, "end_char_pos": 304}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 135, 254, 316]} {"doc_id": "53552", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Cimaron making landfall Typhoon Cimaron, known to those in the Philippines as Typhoon Paeng, made landfall on October 29 in Luzon at around 1:00 UTC. Winds of 160 mph were sustained for one minite , were recorded shortly before landfall. Already, it has killed at least nineteen people, injured 58, and at least fifteen people may still be missing in the Philippines. Damage in the country is estimated to have reached $443 million pesos, or $8.8 million United States dollars (USD). Impact Cimaron at peak intensity Deaths and other affects on people So far, six people have been reported to have been drowned or killed by falling trees in Dinapigue, Isabela province . A further 15 people were injured there. In addition, a 28 year old woman was killed along with her 6 year old child in Aurora province . Their hut was swept away by the powerful currents. Three more people drowned in the town of Kasibu, Neuva Vizcaya province . A four year old girl was killed by a landslide in Bugias, Benguet province , as was a man of 53 years of age in Kalinga province . In Baguio City , a house with a mother and her two daughters was buried in landslide, injuring all of them, according to fire official Senior Superintendent Carlito Romero. A woman died in a road accident that also injured seven other people in La Union province . Original total damage estimates were placed at $400 million pesos, or $8 million United States Dollars, but were revised to $139 million pesos, or $2.79 million USD in total damage. Of that total, $114.39 million pesos, or $2.3 million USD, was from infrastructure and agricultural damage, mostly from the Cagayan Valley . The remaining money was $22.8 million pesos, or $458,600+ USD in damage to roads and bridges and damage to school buildings was worth $2 million pesos, equivalent to $40,230 USD. The Philippine National Red Cross noted that many of the agency's different branches were assisting the storm victims since Monday morning. Current storm information At 2100 UTC October 31, the Japan Meteorological Association (JMA) reported the center of Typhoon Cimaron to be near 18.7\u00b0N 116.4\u00b0E . It had maximum 10-minute sustained winds of 80 knots (150 km/h , 90 mph ), with a minimum central pressure of 950 hPa , and was moving almost stationary. At 1800 UTC, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported the center of Typhoon 22W to be located about 270 nm (500 km , 310 miles ) south-southeast of Hong Kong , with maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 100 knots (175 km/h, 110 mph), gusting to 125 knots (230 km/h, 145 mph).", "after_revision": "Cimaron making landfall Typhoon Cimaron, known to those in the Philippines as Typhoon Paeng, made landfall on October 29 in at around 1:00 UTC. Winds of 160 mph were sustained for one minute , were recorded shortly before landfall. Already, it has killed at least nineteen people, injured 58, and at least fifteen people may still be missing in the Philippines. Damage in the country is estimated to have reached $443 million pesos, or $8.8 million (USD). Impact Cimaron at peak intensity Deaths and other affects on people So far, six people have been reported to have been drowned or killed by falling trees in , . A further 15 people were injured there. In addition, a 28 year old woman was killed along with her 6 year old child in . Their hut was swept away by the powerful currents. Three more people drowned in the town of , . A four year old girl was killed by a landslide in Bugias, , as was a man of 53 years of age in . In , a house with a mother and her two daughters was buried in landslide, injuring all of them, according to fire official Senior Superintendent Carlito Romero. A woman died in a road accident that also injured seven other people in . Original total damage estimates were placed at $400 million pesos, or $8 million United States Dollars, but were revised to $139 million pesos, or $2.79 million USD in total damage. Of that total, $114.39 million pesos, or $2.3 million USD, was from and damage, mostly from the . The remaining money was $22.8 million pesos, or $458,600+ USD in damage to roads and bridges and damage to school buildings was worth $2 million pesos, equivalent to $40,230 USD. The noted that many of the agency's different branches were assisting the storm victims since Monday morning. Current storm information At 2100 October 31, the (JMA) reported the center of Typhoon Cimaron to be near . It had maximum 10-minute sustained winds of 80 (150 , 90 ), with a minimum central pressure of 950 , and was moving almost stationary. At 1800 UTC, the (JTWC) reported the center of Typhoon 22W to be located about 270 (500 , 310 ) south-southeast of , with maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 100 knots (175 km/h, 110 mph), gusting to 125 knots (230 km/h, 145 mph).", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Luzon", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 124, "end_char_pos": 129}, {"type": "R", "before": "minite", "after": "minute", "start_char_pos": 190, "end_char_pos": 196}, {"type": "D", "before": "United States dollars", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 455, "end_char_pos": 476}, {"type": "R", "before": "Dinapigue, Isabela province", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 641, "end_char_pos": 668}, {"type": "D", "before": "Aurora province", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 790, "end_char_pos": 805}, {"type": "R", "before": "Kasibu, Neuva Vizcaya province", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 900, "end_char_pos": 930}, {"type": "D", "before": "Benguet province", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 991, "end_char_pos": 1007}, {"type": "D", "before": "Kalinga province", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1045, "end_char_pos": 1061}, {"type": "D", "before": "Baguio City", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1067, "end_char_pos": 1078}, {"type": "D", "before": "La Union province", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1309, "end_char_pos": 1326}, {"type": "R", "before": "infrastructure and agricultural", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 1579, "end_char_pos": 1610}, {"type": "D", "before": "Cagayan Valley", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1635, "end_char_pos": 1649}, {"type": "D", "before": "Philippine National Red Cross", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1835, "end_char_pos": 1864}, {"type": "D", "before": "UTC", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2005, "end_char_pos": 2008}, {"type": "D", "before": "Japan Meteorological Association", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2025, "end_char_pos": 2057}, {"type": "D", "before": "18.7\u00b0N 116.4\u00b0E", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2114, "end_char_pos": 2128}, {"type": "D", "before": "knots", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2178, "end_char_pos": 2183}, {"type": "D", "before": "km/h", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2189, "end_char_pos": 2193}, {"type": "D", "before": "mph", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2199, "end_char_pos": 2202}, {"type": "D", "before": "hPa", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2245, "end_char_pos": 2248}, {"type": "D", "before": "Joint Typhoon Warning Center", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2302, "end_char_pos": 2330}, {"type": "D", "before": "nm", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2397, "end_char_pos": 2399}, {"type": "D", "before": "km", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2405, "end_char_pos": 2407}, {"type": "D", "before": "miles", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2414, "end_char_pos": 2419}, {"type": "D", "before": "Hong Kong", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2441, "end_char_pos": 2450}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 149, 237, 367, 483, 670, 710, 807, 858, 932, 1063, 1236, 1328, 1510, 1651, 1830, 1970, 2130, 2284]} {"doc_id": "53996", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Howard Bortenstein 52-year-old Howard Bortenstein is the founder/owner of Miller Bortenstein Consultants, \u201c a management consulting firm specializing in information technology strategy and change management. \u201d Q: Describe the three most important issues in your campaign. A: There is a tremendous undertone of despair and apathy when people talk about the current situation of Ward 28 and the city in general. I am deeply concerned about the downward spiral of our neighbourhoods: no vision, residents feel unsafe; businesses struggling; crumbling public housing; no \u201c at risk neighbourhoods \u2019 youth funding and an absentee councillor battling windmills elsewhere, leaving the ward in auto-pilot. I strongly believe our city government must be accountable to the neighbourhoods that elect it. Crime Prevention We need to feel safe & secure everywhere Strengthen neighbourhood-police relationships Create \u201cSafe Neighbourhoods\u201d volunteer organization Residents from all neighbourhoods and all income levels share these concerns. Tenants must have more options and flexibility to break the cycle of poverty and get back their dignity that has been taken from them. Dramatic change from the current model of building \u201c monuments to poverty \u201d is required. Tenants need choice offered by portable housing allowances, to relocate closer to new job opportunities or schools anywhere in Toronto. We must return Ward 28 to socio-economic diversity. Q: Why have you chosen to involve yourself in the political process? A: Had anyone asked me a few years ago if I had any political aspirations, I would have thought they were nuts. But a couple of years ago, when our then two year old daughter was put at risk by picking up a discarded condom in Riverdale Park, things changed. So after the trauma of hepatitis injections and HIV screening at Sick Kids and fighting city hall to clean up the park the question remained \u201c How did this happen? \u201d The simple answer is: \u201c because we let it happen \u201d . We took it for granted that our local councillor was making the right choices to keep us safe and to improve the quality of life of all neighbourhoods and all residents. Well, I found out the hard way that isn \u2019 t true and I decided this needed to be changed. Party politics are paralyzing City Council, literally crippling this city. Asa candidate, the question I receive most often is, \u201c what is your political party? \u201d I am not aligned or a member of any political party. I am not an ideologue from the left or the right. I believe in consensus, not compromise, and building bridges on issues from the centre. Bortenstein did not respond to the question \u201c Which council decision (since the 2003 election) do you feel the city/your ward should be most proud of, and which was least desirable? \u201d", "after_revision": "Howard Bortenstein 52-year-old Howard Bortenstein is the founder/owner of Miller Bortenstein Consultants, \" a management consulting firm specializing in information technology strategy and change management. \" Q: Describe the three most important issues in your campaign. A: There is a tremendous undertone of despair and apathy when people talk about the current situation of Ward 28 and the city in general. I am deeply concerned about the downward spiral of our neighbourhoods: no vision, residents feel unsafe; businesses struggling; crumbling public housing; no \" at risk neighbourhoods ' youth funding and an absentee councillor battling windmills elsewhere, leaving the ward in auto-pilot. I strongly believe our city government must be accountable to the neighbourhoods that elect it. Crime Prevention We need to feel safe & secure everywhere Strengthen neighbourhood-police relationships Create \"Safe Neighbourhoods\" volunteer organization Residents from all neighbourhoods and all income levels share these concerns. Tenants must have more options and flexibility to break the cycle of poverty and get back their dignity that has been taken from them. Dramatic change from the current model of building \" monuments to poverty \" is required. Tenants need choice offered by portable housing allowances, to relocate closer to new job opportunities or schools anywhere in Toronto. We must return Ward 28 to socio-economic diversity. Q: Why have you chosen to involve yourself in the political process? A: Had anyone asked me a few years ago if I had any political aspirations, I would have thought they were nuts. But a couple of years ago, when our then two year old daughter was put at risk by picking up a discarded condom in Riverdale Park, things changed. So after the trauma of hepatitis injections and HIV screening at Sick Kids and fighting city hall to clean up the park the question remained \" How did this happen? \" The simple answer is: \" because we let it happen \" . We took it for granted that our local councillor was making the right choices to keep us safe and to improve the quality of life of all neighbourhoods and all residents. Well, I found out the hard way that isn ' t true and I decided this needed to be changed. Party politics are paralyzing City Council, literally crippling this city. Asa candidate, the question I receive most often is, \" what is your political party? \" I am not aligned or a member of any political party. I am not an ideologue from the left or the right. I believe in consensus, not compromise, and building bridges on issues from the centre. Bortenstein did not respond to the question \" Which council decision (since the 2003 election) do you feel the city/your ward should be most proud of, and which was least desirable? \"", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 106, "end_char_pos": 107}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 208, "end_char_pos": 209}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 567, "end_char_pos": 568}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 592, "end_char_pos": 593}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201cSafe Neighbourhoods\u201d", "after": "\"Safe Neighbourhoods\"", "start_char_pos": 904, "end_char_pos": 925}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1213, "end_char_pos": 1214}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1236, "end_char_pos": 1237}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1908, "end_char_pos": 1909}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1931, "end_char_pos": 1932}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1955, "end_char_pos": 1956}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 1982, "end_char_pos": 1983}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019", "after": "'", "start_char_pos": 2196, "end_char_pos": 2197}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 2374, "end_char_pos": 2375}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 2406, "end_char_pos": 2407}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201c", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 2643, "end_char_pos": 2644}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u201d", "after": "\"", "start_char_pos": 2781, "end_char_pos": 2782}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 271, 409, 514, 537, 563, 696, 792, 1026, 1161, 1250, 1386, 1438, 1507, 1619, 1766, 1930, 2155, 2245, 2320, 2405, 2460, 2510, 2598]} {"doc_id": "54370", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": " 73-year old retired pastor, Reverend Roland Weisselberg, burned himself alive during Reformation Day services on Tuesday in Erfurt, Germany. His self-immolation was apparently to protest against the spread of Islam, which he felt the Protestant church should take more seriously. His last words were \"Jesus and Oskar,\" which is believed to refer to Oskar Bruesewitz, a priest who burned himself alive to protest the Communist government of East Germany. He was transported to a burns unit in Halle but died en route. Reverend Weisselberg had lived under Communism in East Germany, and had been a publisher in his former vocation. Axel Noack, Bishop of Saxony, said that he was shocked at Rev. Weisselberg's self-immolation, stressing that Christians could not accept a \"clash of cultures\". He confessed that the issue of Islam had been sidelined within the Church and was only spoken about in private. There were few Muslims there with whom they could engage in dialogue, Noack claimed .", "after_revision": "A 73-year old retired pastor, Reverend Roland Weisselberg, burned himself alive during Reformation Day services on Tuesday in Erfurt, Germany. His self-immolation was apparently in protest against the spread of Islam, which he felt the Protestant church should take more seriously. His last words were \"Jesus and Oskar,\" , believed to a reference to Oskar Bruesewitz, a priest who burned himself alive to protest the Communist government of East Germany. He was transported to a burns unit in Halle but died en route. Rev. Weisselberg had lived under Communism in East Germany, and had been a publisher in his former vocation. Axel Noack, Bishop of Saxony, said that he was shocked at Rev. Weisselberg's self-immolation, stressing that Christians could not accept a \"clash of cultures\". He confessed that the issue of Islam had been sidelined within the Church and was only spoken about in private. There were few Muslims there with whom they could engage in dialogue, Noack said .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "A", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 0}, {"type": "R", "before": "to", "after": "in", "start_char_pos": 177, "end_char_pos": 179}, {"type": "R", "before": "which is believed to refer", "after": ", believed to a reference", "start_char_pos": 320, "end_char_pos": 346}, {"type": "R", "before": "Reverend", "after": "Rev.", "start_char_pos": 518, "end_char_pos": 526}, {"type": "R", "before": "claimed", "after": "said", "start_char_pos": 979, "end_char_pos": 986}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 141, 280, 454, 517, 630, 790, 902]} {"doc_id": "5484", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Carlos Mesa. The President of Bolivia Carlos Mesa officially resigned Sunday, March 6. Now the President of Senate Hormando Vaca D\u00edez is the temporary President of the Republic of Bolivia. Mesa resigned because of the announcement of highways's blockages by Evo Morales , both the leader of the coca growers and the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS). The blockages serve to pressure the Legislative so the Hydrocarbons Law can be approved. The law aims to raise the taxes levied on hydrocarbon extraction from 18 to 50\\%. The MAS is a political party formed basically by coca-growing campesinos (known as cocaleros), communists , admirers of Fidel Castro and indigenous people. The party is against the government of the United States and the alleged American influency in the region, the neoliberalism and the globalization . Morales in his own words, explain some of the MAS motivations: The worst enemy of humanity is capitalism. That is what provokes uprisings like our own, a rebellion against a system, against a neoliberal model, which is the representation of a savage capitalism. If the entire world doesn't acknowledge this reality, that the national states are not providing even minimally for health, education and alimentation, then each day the most fundamental human rights are being violated. Morales is an admirer of Fidel Castro and he says he is inspired by the presidents of Venezuela Hugo Chavez and Brazil, Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva . He supports the creation of a anti-imperialist block formed by Latin-American and Arabian countries against the USA, which is being organized by the Brazilian President. Bolivia economy depends on exportation of hydrocarbon (oil and gas). Other sources of resources comes from the cultivation of coca. The coca growers demands the same treatment the government is giving to hydrocarbons. However, the production of coca in great quantities is controversial since the coca is the raw material of cocaine . Cocaine is considered illegal in Bolivia and in the majority of other countries", "after_revision": " The President of Bolivia officially resigned Sunday, March 6. Now the President of Senate Hormando Vaca D\u00edez is the temporary President of the Republic of Bolivia. Mesa resigned because of the announcement of highways's blockages by , both the leader of the growers and the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS). The blockages serve to pressure the Legislative so the Hydrocarbons Law can be approved. The law aims to raise the taxes levied on hydrocarbon extraction from 18 to 50\\%. The MAS is a political party formed basically by coca-growing (known as cocaleros), , admirers of , and people. The party is against the government of the and the alleged American influency in the region, the and the . Morales in his own words, explain some of the MAS motivations: The worst enemy of humanity is capitalism. That is what provokes uprisings like our own, a rebellion against a system, against a neoliberal model, which is the representation of a savage capitalism. If the entire world doesn't acknowledge this reality, that the national states are not providing even minimally for health, education and alimentation, then each day the most fundamental human rights are being violated. Morales is an admirer of Fidel Castro and he says he is inspired by the presidents of and , . He supports the creation of an anti-imperialist block formed by Latin-American and Arabian countries against the USA, which is being organized by the Brazilian President. Bolivia economy depends on exportation of (oil and gas). Other sources of resources comes from the cultivation of coca. The coca growers demands the same treatment the government is giving to hydrocarbons. However, the production of coca in great quantities is controversial since the coca is the raw material of . Cocaine is considered illegal in Bolivia and in the majority of other countries", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Carlos Mesa.", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 12}, {"type": "D", "before": "Carlos Mesa", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 38, "end_char_pos": 49}, {"type": "D", "before": "Evo Morales", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 258, "end_char_pos": 269}, {"type": "D", "before": "coca", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 295, "end_char_pos": 299}, {"type": "D", "before": "campesinos", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 582, "end_char_pos": 592}, {"type": "D", "before": "communists", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 615, "end_char_pos": 625}, {"type": "R", "before": "Fidel Castro and indigenous", "after": ", and", "start_char_pos": 640, "end_char_pos": 667}, {"type": "D", "before": "United States", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 719, "end_char_pos": 732}, {"type": "R", "before": "neoliberalism and the globalization", "after": "and the", "start_char_pos": 787, "end_char_pos": 822}, {"type": "R", "before": "Venezuela Hugo Chavez and Brazil, Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva", "after": "and ,", "start_char_pos": 1393, "end_char_pos": 1452}, {"type": "R", "before": "a", "after": "an", "start_char_pos": 1483, "end_char_pos": 1484}, {"type": "D", "before": "hydrocarbon", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1667, "end_char_pos": 1678}, {"type": "D", "before": "cocaine", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1950, "end_char_pos": 1957}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 12, 188, 348, 437, 519, 675, 824, 930, 1086, 1306, 1454, 1624, 1693, 1756, 1842]} {"doc_id": "55265", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Nine people are confirmed dead in a fire in a leather bag facory in Kolkata's South 24 Pargana district in Topsia area. Eighteen people were seriously injured and admitted to National Medical College and Hospital. Inspector General of Police (Law and Order) Raj Kanojia said that the fire was broken out at about 3 am when the victims were inside the factory and all the doors were closed. Director General of Fire Brigade Gopal Bhattacharjee said that it was an illegal factory in Kolkata located at third floor of the building. At the time of fire, all the premises were closed and workers could not come out from the factory. The cause of the fire was yet to be ascertained. Kolkata Mayor Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya predicted short circuit or an unattended cigarette causing fire in the factory .", "after_revision": "Nine people are confirmed dead in a fire in a leather bag factory in Kolkata's South 24 Pargana district in Topsia area. Eighteen people were seriously injured and admitted to the National Medical College and Hospital. Inspector General of Police (Law and Order) Raj Kanojia said that the fire broke out at about 3 a.m. local time, when the victims were inside the factory and all the doors were closed. Director General of Fire Brigade Gopal Bhattacharjee said that it was an illegal factory in Kolkata located at third floor of the building. At the time of fire, all the exits were shut and workers could not come out from the factory. The cause of the fire is yet to be ascertained. Kolkata Mayor Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya suggested that a short circuit or an unattended cigarette may have caused the fire .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "facory", "after": "factory", "start_char_pos": 58, "end_char_pos": 64}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "the", "start_char_pos": 175, "end_char_pos": 175}, {"type": "R", "before": "was broken", "after": "broke", "start_char_pos": 290, "end_char_pos": 300}, {"type": "R", "before": "am", "after": "a.m. local time,", "start_char_pos": 316, "end_char_pos": 318}, {"type": "R", "before": "premises were closed", "after": "exits were shut", "start_char_pos": 560, "end_char_pos": 580}, {"type": "R", "before": "was", "after": "is", "start_char_pos": 652, "end_char_pos": 655}, {"type": "R", "before": "predicted", "after": "suggested that a", "start_char_pos": 720, "end_char_pos": 729}, {"type": "R", "before": "causing fire in the factory", "after": "may have caused the fire", "start_char_pos": 771, "end_char_pos": 798}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 119, 214, 390, 530, 629, 678]} {"doc_id": "55544", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Today at a special caucus meeting, member of parliaments (MP) for National agreed that the new leader of the opposition, New Zealand's National Party, is John Key and the deputy leader is Bill English , they are taking over from past leader, Dr Don Brash and past deputy leader, Gerry Brownlee. Bill English, 45-years-old, use to be leader of the National Party before being outed in 2003 and being replaced by Dr Brash for a bad performance at the 2002 New Zealand elections, Mr English only managed to get 22\\% of the votes cast. Mr Key, also 45-years-old, said at the announcement of the new leader and deputy leader that he was honoured that he was chosen to be the new leader of the National Party and also hounoured that Mr English would be his deputy. \"Can I tell you I think we will make a formidable team . Key said the public placed a high value on unity. If National could demonstrate it could manage itself, then it could start to manage the country.\" Dr Brash will however stay on the National Party. He is at number 3 on the list of National MP , behind Key and English. His new caucus responsibilities will be : Spokesman for the Security and Intelligence Service and Spokesman for Relationships with Non-Government Parties. His select committee responsibility is Security and Intelligence.", "after_revision": "Today at a special caucus meeting, member of parliaments (MP) for National agreed that the new leader of the opposition, New Zealand's National Party, is John Key and the deputy leader is Bill English . They are taking over from past leader, Dr Don Brash and past deputy leader, Gerry Brownlee. Bill English, 45-years-old, is the former leader of the National Party . He was outed in 2003 , for a bad performance at the 2002 New Zealand elections, and replaced by Dr Brash. Mr English only managed to get 22\\% of the votes cast. John Key, also 45-years-old, said at the announcement of the new leader and deputy leader that he was honoured that he was chosen to be the new leader of the National Party and also honoured that Mr English would be his . If National could demonstrate it could manage itself, then it could start to manage the country. deputy. \"Can I tell you I think we will make a formidable team ,\" he said . Key said the public placed a high value on unity. Dr Brash will however stay on the National Party. He is at number 3 on the list of National MPs , behind Key and English. His new caucus responsibilities will be Spokesman for the Security and Intelligence Service and Spokesman for Relationships with Non-Government Parties. His select committee responsibility is Security and Intelligence.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": ", they", "after": ". They", "start_char_pos": 201, "end_char_pos": 207}, {"type": "R", "before": "use to be", "after": "is the former", "start_char_pos": 323, "end_char_pos": 332}, {"type": "R", "before": "before being", "after": ". 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Specifically, the demonstration protested against the proposed plan of enabling students to do community service work at a rate of EUR 6 ( ~ USD 7.6) per hour to work off student fees of about EUR 372 ( ~ USD 475,8) per semester. These fees were introduced under the government of chancellor Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel , which ruled Austria from 2000 on. 200px|The demonstration in front of the Parliament The protest started directly in front of the university buildings on the famous Ringstra\u00dfe . Protestors blocked the street by sweeping the street, symbolising the work students have to do in order to study. They proceeded to the headquarters of the SP\u00d6, where they chanted \"Who betrayed us? Social Democrats!\", and later to the parliament building. After this, they announced to go to the \u00d6VP headquarters, when this reporter had to leave the scene. On October 1, 2006, a new National Assembly was elected. The Social Democrats narrowly won the election, while the \u00d6VP suffered severe losses and fell to second place. Since then, intense negotiations between the two parties about a coalition have taken place and presumably ended today, when at 13:30 hours, SP\u00d6 leader Alfred Gusenbauer and \u00d6VP leader Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel announced the finishing of negotiations and conciliation of the two parties in a new government, which is to be sworn in by President Heinz Fischer on January 11.", "after_revision": "200px|The demonstration in front of the A crowd of about 250 activists from the (\u00d6sterreichische Hochsch\u00fclerinnen- und Hochsch\u00fclerschaft, \u00d6H) as well as the Organisation of (Verband Sozialistischer StudentInnen \u00d6sterreichs, VSSt\u00d6) quickly reacted to the announced forming of the new Austrian coalition government by starting a demonstration in front of the , the largest in the country. Specifically, the demonstration protested against the proposed plan of enabling students to do community service work at a rate of 6 ( about 7.6) per hour to work off student fees of about EUR 372 ( about USD 475,8) per semester. These fees were introduced under the government of chancellor , which ruled Austria from 2000 on. 200px|The demonstration in front of the Parliament The protest started directly in front of the university buildings on the famous . Protestors blocked the street by sweeping the street, symbolising the work students have to do in order to study. They proceeded to the headquarters of the SP\u00d6, where they chanted \"Who betrayed us? Social Democrats!\", and later to the building. After this, they announced to go to the \u00d6VP headquarters, when this reporter had to leave the scene. On October 1, 2006, a new was elected. The narrowly won the election, while the \u00d6VP suffered severe losses and fell to second place. Since then, intense negotiations between the two parties about a coalition have taken place and presumably ended today, when at 13:30 hours, SP\u00d6 leader and \u00d6VP leader Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel announced the finishing of negotiations and conciliation of the two parties in a new government, which is to be sworn in by on January 11.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "Burgtheater", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 40, "end_char_pos": 51}, {"type": "D", "before": "Austrian National Union of Students", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 92, "end_char_pos": 127}, {"type": "D", "before": "Socialist Students of Austria", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 221, "end_char_pos": 250}, {"type": "D", "before": "University of Vienna", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 435, "end_char_pos": 455}, {"type": "D", "before": "EUR", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 617, "end_char_pos": 620}, {"type": "R", "before": "~ USD", "after": "about", "start_char_pos": 625, "end_char_pos": 630}, {"type": "R", "before": "~", "after": "about", "start_char_pos": 689, "end_char_pos": 690}, {"type": "D", "before": "Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 778, "end_char_pos": 795}, {"type": "D", "before": "Ringstra\u00dfe", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 963, "end_char_pos": 973}, {"type": "D", "before": "parliament", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1211, "end_char_pos": 1221}, {"type": "D", "before": "National Assembly", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1359, "end_char_pos": 1376}, {"type": "D", "before": "Social Democrats", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1394, "end_char_pos": 1410}, {"type": "D", "before": "Alfred Gusenbauer", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1653, "end_char_pos": 1670}, {"type": "D", "before": "President Heinz Fischer", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1828, "end_char_pos": 1851}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 485, 715, 1089, 1173, 1231, 1332, 1389, 1500]} {"doc_id": "60036", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Microsoft Windows XP logo. In Russia, Microsoft decided to press charges against a teacher for using pirated copies of Microsoft software on school computers. The teacher, Mr. Alexander Ponosov, pleaded not guilty and claimed that he purchased the computer along with the software it came with legally, without knowing that the computer was loaded with pirated software. The Russian president criticized the move by Microsoft against the teacher, saying it was \"ridiculous\" to arrest someone for using computers and that the distributors of pirated software should be targeted rather than users. Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev also urged Microsoft to drop the suit , asking Microsoft's mercy for the teacher and adding that the teacher, if convicted, may face \"imprisonment in Siberian camps\".", "after_revision": "Microsoft Windows XP logo. Russian prosecutors have charged a school headmaster with using pirated copies of Microsoft software on school computers. The teacher, Mr. Alexander Ponosov, pleaded not guilty and claimed that he did not know that the purchased computers were loaded with pirated software. The Russian president criticized the move against the teacher, saying it was \"ridiculous\" to arrest someone for using computers and that the distributors of pirated software should be targeted rather than users. Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev also urged Microsoft to intercede in the case , asking Microsoft's mercy for the teacher and adding that the teacher, if convicted, may face \"imprisonment in Siberian camps\".", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "In Russia, Microsoft decided to press charges against a teacher for", "after": "Russian prosecutors have charged a school headmaster with", "start_char_pos": 27, "end_char_pos": 94}, {"type": "R", "before": "purchased the computer along with the software it came with legally, without knowing that the computer was", "after": "did not know that the purchased computers were", "start_char_pos": 234, "end_char_pos": 340}, {"type": "D", "before": "by Microsoft", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 413, "end_char_pos": 425}, {"type": "R", "before": "drop the suit", "after": "intercede in the case", "start_char_pos": 659, "end_char_pos": 672}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 26, 158, 370, 595]} {"doc_id": "60866", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "A company in Los Gatos, California, called Audible Magic, is currently developing a new software that is to filter music and video that was uploaded on the Internet without permission of copyright holders. The company's chief executive, Vance Ikezoye, demonstrated how the system works. He downloaded a poor-quality video from YouTube and fed it to the filtering software . The program identified the video as a fighting scene of \u201cKill Bill: Vol. 2 \u201d the rights of which are owned by Miramax. The entertainment industry is already demanding the adoption of the new system by the Internet companies. One of the major social networks owned by News Corporation, MySpace, has agreed on adopting the filter. However, not all websites want to adopt the system as soon as it is launched. The main holdout is YouTube, owned by Google. The site's officials earlier said they would adopt a filtering software by the end of last year and till this day YouTube haven't used any type of filtering system. The company's official said that they would only use the filter in case the copyright owners will broaden their license with Google. The executives of NBC and Viacom have already stated their complaints regarding the delay of Googleto place filters. The new system uses a large database that includes digital representations of various copyrighted audio and video files. However, the software is not finished yet since there are ways of fooling it, like for example by cropping the image. The technology of spotting copyrighted material is called \u201cdigital fingerprinting \u201d . The technology checks for matches and decides whether to post the material on the site or not. Analysts say that the filtering software is to improve the relations that are currently quite tensed between the standard media companies and Internet companies.", "after_revision": "Audible Magic, a company in Los Gatos, California, is developing a new software that can filter music and video uploaded on the Internet without permission of copyright holders. The company's chief executive, Vance Ikezoye, demonstrated how the system works. He downloaded a poor-quality video from YouTube and fed it to the filtering software , which identified the video as a fighting scene of \u201cKill Bill: Vol. 2 , \u201d the rights to which are owned by Miramax. The entertainment industry is already demanding the adoption of the new system by the Internet companies. One of the major social networks owned by News Corporation, MySpace, has agreed to adopt the filter. However, not all websites want to adopt the system as soon as it is launched. The main holdout is YouTube, owned by Google. The site's officials earlier said they would adopt a filtering software by the end of last year , but so far YouTube has not begun using any type of filtering system. The company's officials said that they would only use the filter if copyright owners will broaden their license with Google. The executives of NBC and Viacom have already stated their complaints regarding Google's delay on placing filters. The new system uses a large database that includes digital representations of various copyrighted audio and video files. This technology of spotting copyrighted material , called \u201cdigital fingerprinting , \u201d checks for matches and decides whether to post the material on the site or not. However, Audible Magic's software is not considered finalized since it can still be \"fooled\"--e.g., by cropping the image. Analysts say that the filtering software is to improve the relations that are currently quite tense between the standard media companies and Internet companies.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "A", "after": "Audible Magic, a", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 1}, {"type": "R", "before": "called Audible Magic, is currently", "after": "is", "start_char_pos": 36, "end_char_pos": 70}, {"type": "R", "before": "is to", "after": "can", "start_char_pos": 102, "end_char_pos": 107}, {"type": "D", "before": "that was", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 131, "end_char_pos": 139}, {"type": "R", "before": ". 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The", "after": "This", "start_char_pos": 1364, "end_char_pos": 1485}, {"type": "R", "before": "is", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1530, "end_char_pos": 1532}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1564, "end_char_pos": 1564}, {"type": "D", "before": ". The technology", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1567, "end_char_pos": 1583}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "However, Audible Magic's software is not considered finalized since it can still be \"fooled\"--e.g., by cropping the image.", "start_char_pos": 1664, "end_char_pos": 1664}, {"type": "R", "before": "tensed", "after": "tense", "start_char_pos": 1759, "end_char_pos": 1765}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 205, 286, 373, 493, 599, 703, 781, 827, 992, 1125, 1242, 1363, 1481, 1663]} {"doc_id": "6104", "revision_depth": "2", "before_revision": "The official Abin version can be seen on its website. The agency stores and archives all data collected by the inteligence service, including data that do not fulfill all Abin's criteria for consistency and accuracy. Every kind of document remains in Abin archive so it can be re-evaluated in the future. According to General Felix, Abin archives may contain data that are not relevant, tendentious or completely untrue. The documents mentioned by Veja are this sort of data. According to Veja, the spy says that he came upon the FARC case accidentally. It happened when leftists invited him to be part of a pro-FARC committee, in defense of the Colombian guerrillas. The spy claims to have agreed and and he began to frequent the meetings, which were almost always secret. General Jorge Felix refused to comment the case explaining that everything were already had been told to the deputies and senators comission . It is known that the FARC and PT politics have met since 1990. Many of these meetings ocurred during the enconteurs of the Foro de S\u00e3o Paulo. Some analysts say that the Comunist Colombian guerrilla aims to extend its influence throughout other countries in Latin America., Deputy Paulo Rocha also says that the meetings between FARC delegates with Brazilian politicians were part of a FARC attempt of establishing a diplomatic representation in Brazil, which did not happened. So, according to the deputy, there were meetings between the father Oliv\u00e9rio Medina, who worked as FARC ambassador, with parliamentarians of diverse parties. The deputy said: \"Meetings can have happened, but there is no political and financial relation with the PT.\" For the deputy there are no reasons to create a congress investigation comission , as suggested by oppostion parties. The Veja admitted in its article that it is possible that the FARC delegate father Medina did not said the true when he told the FARC would donate 5 million dollars to PT campaign in Cora\u00e7\u00e3o Vermelho hacienda. Also the magazine admitted that it cannot proof the donation ocurred and it says that it is possible that the Abin documents are untrue. The magazine Veja said it didn't involve the Workers' Party, as an organization, in the case. The leftist Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Viana told to the Brazilian newspaper Correio Braziliense that during the encounter between FARC and PT members in Cora\u00e7\u00e3o Vermelho hacienda there weren't any discussion about money. He said:\"We believe that the path to peace in Colombia is people and Brazilian government recognizing the FARC. However we can't take any responsability by the FARC's actions and we deny categorically any discussion about money to electoral purposes in Brazil.\" Some Brazilian comments Some opinion excerpts from the O Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo Forum:Magazines and newspapers must be careful with explosive news I am not PT sympathizant and I have already criticized some points about the party and the governement (...) There is no saint in any political party, neither in the several religions, neither in the Church. However, I can't believe that someone inside PT, after I have some knowledge about its leaders, might have received any contribution from the FARC (...) Fake dossiers have already been created relating the PSDB with foreign bank accounts and these news were denied later. The FARC donation is a campaign gossip which is already began by PT unfortunately. \u2014 Antonio Carlos Rocha da Silva / S\u00e3o PauloPossibilities The news published in Veja magazine, March 13, this year, is really daring. Saying that the PT received money from the FARC is serious and grave. If the magazine published the story, there must be, at least, some kind of information.(...)The Workers'Party members deny the fact, with no exception. But you must remember that most of them have belonged to armed groups during the militar regime.(..)If the PT did not prosecute the magazine, the doubt can cause some harm.(...) \u2014 Jorge Cort\u00e1s Sader Filho / Niter\u00f3iNew story, old subject''' The FARC/PT connection is older thant the Bible draft. In 2002 a deputy tryed to create a CPI [Congress Comission of Investigation] to investigate the donation, however he didn't get enough signatures. (...)If the article is lying, the PT have to proof and expose the magazine, then prosecute it.(...) The worst blind person is who doesn't want to see. This kind of person, the fanatic voter, is not helping in nothing Brazil.'' \u2014 Sonia / Rio de Janeiro 17 March: Comission of deputies and senators hear the explanations of the persons in charge for Abin, the general Jorge F\u00e9lix and Mauro Marcelo de Lima e Silva. They express the documents used by the magazine Veja are not reliable and cannot be used. The meeting in the farm, as described in Abin documents, ocurred . Brazilian government have already said that it is against terrorism.
", "after_revision": "The official Abin version can be seen on its website. The agency stores and archives all data collected by the intelligence service, including data that do not fulfill all Abin's criteria for consistency and accuracy. Every kind of document remains in Abin archive so it can be re-evaluated in the future. According to General Felix, Abin archives may contain data that are not relevant, tendentious or completely untrue. The documents mentioned by Veja are this sort of data. According to Veja, the spy says that he came upon the FARC case accidentally. It happened when leftists invited him to be part of a pro-FARC committee, in defense of the Colombian guerrillas. The spy claims to have agreed and he began to frequent the meetings, which were almost always secret. General Jorge Felix refused to comment the case explaining that everything were already had been told to the deputies and senators commission . It is known that the FARC and PT politics have met since 1990. Many of these meetings occurred during the enconteurs of the Foro de S\u00e3o Paulo. Some analysts say that the Communist Colombian guerrilla aims to extend its influence throughout other countries in Latin America., Deputy Paulo Rocha also says that the meetings between FARC delegates with Brazilian politicians were part of a FARC attempt of establishing a diplomatic representation in Brazil, which did not happened. So, according to the deputy, there were meetings between the father Oliv\u00e9rio Medina, who worked as FARC ambassador, with parliamentarians of diverse parties. The deputy said: \"Meetings can have happened, but there is no political and financial relation with the PT.\" For the deputy there are no reasons to create a congress investigation commission , as suggested by oppostion parties. The Veja admitted in its article that it is possible that the FARC delegate father Medina did not said the true when he told the FARC would donate 5 million dollars to PT campaign in Cora\u00e7\u00e3o Vermelho hacienda. Also the magazine admitted that it cannot proof the donation occurred and it says that it is possible that the Abin documents are untrue. The magazine Veja said it didn't involve the Workers' Party, as an organization, in the case. The leftist Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Viana told to the Brazilian newspaper Correio Braziliense that during the encounter between FARC and PT members in Cora\u00e7\u00e3o Vermelho hacienda there weren't any discussion about money. He said:\"We believe that the path to peace in Colombia is people and Brazilian government recognizing the FARC. However we can't take any responsibility by the FARC's actions and we deny categorically any discussion about money to electoral purposes in Brazil.\" Some Brazilian comments Some opinion excerpts from the O Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo Forum:Magazines and newspapers must be careful with explosive news I am not PT sympathizant and I have already criticized some points about the party and the government (...) There is no saint in any political party, neither in the several religions, neither in the Church. However, I can't believe that someone inside PT, after I have some knowledge about its leaders, might have received any contribution from the FARC (...) Fake dossiers have already been created relating the PSDB with foreign bank accounts and these news were denied later. The FARC donation is a campaign gossip which is already began by PT unfortunately. \u2014 Antonio Carlos Rocha da Silva / S\u00e3o PauloPossibilities The news published in Veja magazine, March 13, this year, is really daring. Saying that the PT received money from the FARC is serious and grave. If the magazine published the story, there must be, at least, some kind of information.(...)The Workers'Party members deny the fact, with no exception. But you must remember that most of them have belonged to armed groups during the militar regime.(..)If the PT did not prosecute the magazine, the doubt can cause some harm.(...) \u2014 Jorge Cort\u00e1s Sader Filho / Niter\u00f3iNew story, old subject''' The FARC/PT connection is older thant the Bible draft. In 2002 a deputy tryed to create a CPI [Congress Commission of Investigation] to investigate the donation, however he didn't get enough signatures. (...)If the article is lying, the PT have to proof and expose the magazine, then prosecute it.(...) The worst blind person is who doesn't want to see. This kind of person, the fanatic voter, is not helping in nothing Brazil.'' \u2014 Sonia / Rio de Janeiro 17 March: Commission of deputies and senators hear the explanations of the persons in charge for Abin, the general Jorge F\u00e9lix and Mauro Marcelo de Lima e Silva. They express the documents used by the magazine Veja are not reliable and cannot be used. The meeting in the farm, as described in Abin documents, occurred . Brazilian government have already said that it is against terrorism. 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C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ** g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% \\ --__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% : e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% _________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x ", "after_revision": "%DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\ %%% %DIFDELCMD < \\\\%%% The Xbox 360 The \"red ring of death\" indicating a hardware failure. Microsoft has extended the warranty on its Xbox 360 video game console to three years from the date of purchase following a large number of problems with the console and \"an unacceptable number of repairs\", costing the company more than one billion US dollars. The fault, which has been dubbed the \"red ring of death\", causes the console to fail completely. In an open letter to owners of the Xbox 360, Peter Moore of Microsoft said, \"As of today, all Xbox 360 consoles are covered by an enhanced warranty program to address specifically the general hardware failures indicated by the three flashing red lights on the console. This applies to new and previously-sold consoles.\" The extended warranty covers repairing and shipping of the console and the company has promised to reimburse those owners who have already had to pay for repairs. Microsoft has not released details of the number of units that have suffered from the problem but has said it is \"bigger than we are comfortable with\". The Xbox 360 was launched by Microsoft in 2005 and in January of this year the company lowered its sales expectations to 12 million units for the year ending June 2007.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "D", "before": "g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g g o / \\ \\ / \\ o a| | \\ | | a t| `. | | : t s` | | \\| | s e \\ | / /", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 116}, {"type": "D", "before": "\\ --__", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 135, "end_char_pos": 141}, {"type": "D", "before": ": e x \\ \\/ _--~~ ~--__| \\ | x \\ \\_-~ ~-_\\ | * g \\_ \\ _.--------.______\\| | g o \\ \\______// _ ___ _ (_(__> \\ | o a \\ . 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C ___) ______ (_(____> | / a t /\\ | C ____)/ \\ (_____> |_/ t s / /\\| C_____) | (___> / \\ s e | ( _C_____)\\______/ // _/ / \\ e x | \\ |__", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 17766, "end_char_pos": 18019}, {"type": "R", "before": "_________// (__/ | x | \\ \\____) `---- --' | * g | \\_ ___\\ /_ _/ | g o | / | | \\ | o a | | / \\ \\ | a t | / / | | \\ |t s | / / \\__/\\___/ | |s e | / | | | |e x | | | | | |x g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x * g o a t s e x", "after": "The Xbox 360 The \"red ring of death\" indicating a hardware failure. Microsoft has extended the warranty on its Xbox 360 video game console to three years from the date of purchase following a large number of problems with the console and \"an unacceptable number of repairs\", costing the company more than one billion US dollars.", "start_char_pos": 18038, "end_char_pos": 18253}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The fault, which has been dubbed the \"red ring of death\", causes the console to fail completely.", "start_char_pos": 18254, "end_char_pos": 18254}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "In an open letter to owners of the Xbox 360, Peter Moore of Microsoft said, \"As of today, all Xbox 360 consoles are covered by an enhanced warranty program to address specifically the general hardware failures indicated by the three flashing red lights on the console. This applies to new and previously-sold consoles.\" The extended warranty covers repairing and shipping of the console and the company has promised to reimburse those owners who have already had to pay for repairs.", "start_char_pos": 18255, "end_char_pos": 18255}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "Microsoft has not released details of the number of units that have suffered from the problem but has said it is \"bigger than we are comfortable with\".", "start_char_pos": 18256, "end_char_pos": 18256}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "The Xbox 360 was launched by Microsoft in 2005 and in January of this year the company lowered its sales expectations to 12 million units for the year ending June 2007.", "start_char_pos": 18257, "end_char_pos": 18257}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 225, 472, 877, 1124, 1529, 1777, 2182, 2429, 2834, 3081, 3486, 3733, 4138, 4385, 4790, 5037, 5442, 5689, 6094, 6341, 6746, 6993, 7398, 7645, 8050, 8297, 8702, 8949, 9354, 9601, 10006, 10253, 10658, 10905, 11310, 11557, 11962, 12209, 12614, 12861, 13266, 13513, 13918, 14165, 14570, 14817, 15222, 15469, 15874, 16121, 16526, 16773, 17178, 17425, 17830]} {"doc_id": "736", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "Hu Jintao, the President of the People's Republic of China had lunch today with the President of Brazil, Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva , at the Granja do Torto, the President's country residence in the Brazilian Federal District . Lunch was a traditional Brazilian barbecue with different kinds of meat. Some Brazilian ministers were present at the event: Antonio Palocci (Economy), Eduardo Campos (Science and Technology), Roberto Rodrigues ( Agriculture), Luiz Fernando Furlan (Development), Celso Amorim (Exterior Relations), Dilma Rousseff ( Mines and Energy). Also present were Roger Agnelli ( Vale do Rio Doce company president) and Eduardo Dutra ( Petrobras , government oil company, president). This meeting is part of a new political economy agreement between Brazil and China where Brazil has recognized mainland China's market economy status, and China has promised to buy more Brazilian products .", "after_revision": ", the of the People's Republic of China had lunch today with the of Brazil, , at the Granja do Torto, the President's country residence in the . Lunch was a traditional Brazilian with different kinds of meat. Some Brazilian ministers were present at the event: (Economy), ( ), ( Agriculture), (Development), ( ), ( Mines and Energy). Also present were ( company president) and Eduardo Dutra ( , government oil company, president). This meeting is part of a new agreement between Brazil and China where Brazil has recognized mainland China's status, and China has promised to buy more .", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "Hu Jintao, the President", "after": ", the", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 24}, {"type": "D", "before": "President", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 84, "end_char_pos": 93}, {"type": "D", "before": "Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 105, "end_char_pos": 130}, {"type": "D", "before": "Brazilian Federal District", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 198, "end_char_pos": 224}, {"type": "D", "before": "barbecue", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 261, "end_char_pos": 269}, {"type": "D", "before": "Antonio Palocci", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 352, "end_char_pos": 367}, {"type": "D", "before": "Eduardo Campos (Science and Technology), Roberto Rodrigues", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 379, "end_char_pos": 437}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "), (", "start_char_pos": 440, "end_char_pos": 440}, {"type": "D", "before": "Luiz Fernando Furlan", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 455, "end_char_pos": 475}, {"type": "D", "before": "Celso Amorim (Exterior Relations), Dilma Rousseff", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 491, "end_char_pos": 540}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": "), (", "start_char_pos": 543, "end_char_pos": 543}, {"type": "R", "before": "Roger Agnelli ( Vale do Rio Doce", "after": "(", "start_char_pos": 581, "end_char_pos": 613}, {"type": "D", "before": "Petrobras", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 653, "end_char_pos": 662}, {"type": "D", "before": "political economy", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 731, "end_char_pos": 748}, {"type": "D", "before": "market economy", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 829, "end_char_pos": 843}, {"type": "D", "before": "Brazilian products", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 887, "end_char_pos": 905}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 299, 562, 700]} {"doc_id": "73718", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "West Indies have beaten England by 93 runs in the third and final One-Day International of the West Indies tour of England at Trent Bridge, Nottingham , England. West Indies win the three match series 2-1. England's bowlers fared poorly, despite removing Devon Smith early on, with the West Indies batsmen scoring 116 runs off the last ten overs. Runako Morton (82 not out), Chris Gayle (82) and Dwayne Bravo (42 off 24 balls) helped the West Indies to an imposing total of 289-5. The only wickets for England were taken by Liam Plunkett (3-59) and James Anderson (2-51). In response, England's batting performance was no better than their fielding. Although Owais Shah scored 51, England lost too many batsmen cheaply including Kevin Pietersen for 0. They were reduced to 196 all out, far short of the 290 runs needed. Fidel Edwards took 3-30 and Daren Powell took 4-40 for the West Indies. Previously on the tour, England won a four match Test series 3-0 and drew a two match Twenty20 series 1-1. England: A N Cook, M J Prior (wkt), I R Bell, K P Pietersen, P D Collingwood (capt), O A Shah, A D Mascarenhas , L E Plunkett, S C J Broad, MS Panesar, J M Anderson West Indies: C H Gayle (capt), D S Smith, S Chanderpaul, M N Samuels, D J Bravo, D Ramdin (wkt), D R Smith, R S Morton, F H Edwards, R Rampaul, D B L Powell Player of the match: D B L Powell (West Indies) Player of the series: S Chanderpaul (West Indies) Umpires: M R Benson and B G Jerling (South Africa) TV Umpire: P J Hartley Match referee: M J Procter (South Africa) Reserve Umpire: I J Gould", "after_revision": "have beaten by 93 runs in the third and final of the at , , England. West Indies win the three match series 2-1. England's bowlers fared poorly, despite removing early on, with the West Indies batsmen scoring 116 runs off the last ten overs. (82 not out), (82) and (42 off 24 balls) helped the West Indies to an imposing total of 289-5. The only wickets for England were taken by (3-59) and (2-51). In response, England's batting performance was no better than their fielding. Although scored 51, England lost too many batsmen cheaply including for 0. They were reduced to 196 all out, far short of the 290 runs needed. took 3-30 and took 4-40 for the West Indies. Previously on the tour, England won a four match series 3-0 and drew a two match series 1-1. England: , (wkt), , , (capt), , , , , , West Indies: (capt), , , , , (wkt), , , , , Player of the match: (West Indies) Player of the series: (West Indies) Umpires: and (South Africa) TV Umpire: Match referee: (South Africa) Reserve Umpire: ", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "West Indies have beaten England", "after": "have beaten", "start_char_pos": 0, "end_char_pos": 31}, {"type": "R", "before": "One-Day International of the West Indies tour of England at Trent Bridge, Nottingham", "after": "of the at", "start_char_pos": 66, "end_char_pos": 150}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 153, "end_char_pos": 153}, {"type": "D", "before": "Devon Smith", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 256, "end_char_pos": 267}, {"type": "D", "before": "Runako Morton", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 348, "end_char_pos": 361}, {"type": "D", "before": "Chris Gayle", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 376, "end_char_pos": 387}, {"type": "D", "before": "Dwayne Bravo", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 397, "end_char_pos": 409}, {"type": "D", "before": "Liam Plunkett", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 525, "end_char_pos": 538}, {"type": "D", "before": "James Anderson", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 550, "end_char_pos": 564}, {"type": "D", "before": "Owais Shah", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 660, "end_char_pos": 670}, {"type": "D", "before": "Kevin Pietersen", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 730, "end_char_pos": 745}, {"type": "D", "before": "Fidel Edwards", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 821, "end_char_pos": 834}, {"type": "D", "before": "Daren Powell", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 849, "end_char_pos": 861}, {"type": "D", "before": "Test", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 942, "end_char_pos": 946}, {"type": "D", "before": "Twenty20", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 979, "end_char_pos": 987}, {"type": "R", "before": "A N Cook, M J Prior", "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1009, "end_char_pos": 1028}, {"type": "R", "before": "I R Bell, K P Pietersen, P D Collingwood", "after": ", ,", "start_char_pos": 1036, "end_char_pos": 1076}, {"type": "R", "before": "O A Shah, A D Mascarenhas , L E Plunkett, S C J Broad, MS Panesar, J M Anderson", "after": ", , , , ,", "start_char_pos": 1085, "end_char_pos": 1164}, {"type": "D", "before": "C H Gayle", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1178, "end_char_pos": 1187}, {"type": "R", "before": "D S Smith, S Chanderpaul, M N Samuels, D J Bravo, D Ramdin", "after": ", , , ,", "start_char_pos": 1196, "end_char_pos": 1254}, {"type": "R", "before": "D R Smith, R S Morton, F H Edwards, R Rampaul, D B L Powell", "after": ", , , ,", "start_char_pos": 1262, "end_char_pos": 1321}, {"type": "D", "before": "D B L Powell", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1343, "end_char_pos": 1355}, {"type": "D", "before": "S Chanderpaul", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1392, "end_char_pos": 1405}, {"type": "R", "before": "M R Benson and B G Jerling", "after": "and", "start_char_pos": 1429, "end_char_pos": 1455}, {"type": "D", "before": "P J Hartley", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1482, "end_char_pos": 1493}, {"type": "D", "before": "M J Procter", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1509, "end_char_pos": 1520}, {"type": "D", "before": "I J Gould", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 1552, "end_char_pos": 1561}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 162, 347, 481, 572, 650, 752, 820, 892, 1008, 1177]} {"doc_id": "73814", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "1500 people in northern Nevada town of Winnemucca had to be evacuate this weekend as a 8,000-acre 55 sqaure miles wildfire burned danger close to the towns southern end. The fire threatened homes,business and a power substation the cause of the wildfire is believed to lighting strikes", "after_revision": "1500 people in northern Nevada town of Winnemucca had to be evacuated this weekend as a 8,000-acre 55 square mile wildfire burned dangerously close to the town's southern end. The fire threatened homes,business and a power substation . Lightning strikes are believed to have started the blaze.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "evacuate", "after": "evacuated", "start_char_pos": 60, "end_char_pos": 68}, {"type": "R", "before": "sqaure miles wildfire burned danger", "after": "square mile wildfire burned dangerously", "start_char_pos": 101, "end_char_pos": 136}, {"type": "R", "before": "towns", "after": "town's", "start_char_pos": 150, "end_char_pos": 155}, {"type": "R", "before": "the cause of the wildfire is believed to lighting strikes", "after": ". Lightning strikes are believed to have started the blaze.", "start_char_pos": 228, "end_char_pos": 285}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 169]} {"doc_id": "73816", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The mosque has been accused of enforcing it's own Islamic law in the capital, notable the illegal detention of Chinese foreign nationals working in massage parlors. The mosques leaders follow the Hanafi school of thought, believing that the Koran is the authority by which justice should by metered. Historically the mosque has had close links with the Pakistan leadership, and members of the current administration have resisted calls for a crackdown on the mosques antagonistic behaviour.", "after_revision": "The mosque has been accused of enforcing it's own Islamic law in the capital, notably the illegal detention of Chinese foreign nationals working in massage parlors. The mosques leaders follow the Hanafi school of thought, believing that the Koran is the authority by which justice should be metered. Historically the mosque has had close links with the Pakistan leadership, and members of the current administration have resisted calls for a crackdown on the mosques provocative behaviour.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "notable", "after": "notably", "start_char_pos": 78, "end_char_pos": 85}, {"type": "R", "before": "by", "after": "be", "start_char_pos": 288, "end_char_pos": 290}, {"type": "R", "before": "antagonistic", "after": "provocative", "start_char_pos": 467, "end_char_pos": 479}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 164, 299]} {"doc_id": "74857", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "The political involvement of most media and other factors are causing contradictions among official sources that are making press work extremely hard. Moreover, nobody is permitted to reach the accident location. The site of the accident was closed to visitors following the intoxication of three TV journalists who got too close. Location of the cloud Map highlighting Lviv, the site of the derailment, in the Lviv Oblast. TV channel Novyj Kanal translated a telephonic interview with officers from the Ministry of Internal Affairs during which the existence of any cloud whatsoever is firmly denied. Immediately after the interview a press conference by Kiev mayor , Mr. Leonid Chernovezkij, announces that starting next Monday a daily report about the movements of the same cloud will be available to the population. The service will be provided by the Kiev administration. In an interview to TV channel UT-1 an officer of the ecological service admitted that they have no real data about the area closer to the accident, because not even government officers are permitted to reach it. The officer said that most data about the hypothetical movements of the cloud (if the cloud exists) are made based on computer simulations they receive from Russian vendors, because no such simulation model is currently available in the Ukraine. The closest available on spot measures are related to areas located several kilometers away from the epicentre. Removal operation In the same press release the Mayor of Kiev also announced that no transport of whatever dangerous material will be allowed in the town area. The removal by railway of the phosphor containers involved in the accident was originally planned for today. It \u2019s unclear how Kiev\u2019s transit refusal may affect the operationand whether the mayor has the authority to block national traffic on the railways. According to the Press Manager of the Ministery for Emergency Situations, Mr. Igor Krol', four containers will be lifted and put back on the rails today. Five containers have already been lifted. Yet the weather may affect the operations, as violent storms and very strong winds are expected in the area. This is going to introduce a serious risk factor for the phosphor that still remains on the ground. The contaminating products are in fact insulated from the air by means of pillows made of air and foam; a strong wind may cause new emergencies by even just partially removing such insulation structures. Yushchenko issued an official call to speed up the closure of the Chernobyl atomic power plants on July , 20. Immediately after he left the country with his family for an unofficial visit to Poland, that will be followed by an official visit to Germany. He is expected to travel to Germany on the evening of July 21. The Ukraine Procuror General, Mr. Aleksandr Medvedenko, declares to the press that he has visited the accident site together with the President, and that all necessary measures are being taken, both for the liquidation of the accident and the defense of the civilian population. He notes that \"it takes courage to work there, for the personnel of the Ministry for Emergency Situations\". He announces that a complex cycle of medical care is being planned for about 1500 children of the affected area. In the same interview the Procuror General announces that the Government of Kazakhstan will accept being returned the phosphor left (the goods were originally from Kazakhstan). Yet in the same hours the director of Kazphosphat (the vendor ) declares in an interview to the newspaper Segodnja that he gathers that \"the phosphor will be stocked in the Ukraine, because it makes no sense to transfer it back. Moreover, you can hardly imagine that Russia would accept the passage of such a dangerous damaged load on their railways\".", "after_revision": "The political involvement of most media and other factors are causing contradictions among official sources that are making press work extremely hard. Moreover, no one is permitted to enter the accident location. The site of the accident was closed to visitors following the injury of three TV journalists who got too close. Location of the cloud Map highlighting Lviv, the site of the derailment, in the Lviv Oblast. TV channel Novyj Kanal translated a telephonic interview with officers from the Ministry of Internal Affairs , during which the existence of any cloud whatsoever was firmly denied. Immediately after the interview , a press conference by the mayor of Kiev , Mr. Leonid Chernovezkij, announced that starting next Monday a daily report about the movements of the cloud will be available to the population. The service will be provided by the Kiev administration. In an interview with TV channel UT-1 , an officer of the ecological service admitted that they have no real data about the area closer to the accident, because not even government officers are permitted to reach it. The officer said that most data about the hypothetical movements of the cloud (if the cloud exists) are made based on computer simulations they receive from Russian vendors, because no such simulation model is currently available in the Ukraine. The closest available on spot measures are taken in areas located several kilometers away from the epicentre. Removal operation In the same press release , the Mayor of Kiev also announced that no transport of any dangerous material will be allowed in the town area. The removal by railway of the phosphor containers involved in the accident was originally planned for today. It is unclear how Kiev\u2019s transit refusal may affect this operation, or whether the mayor has the authority to block national traffic on the railways. According to the Press Manager of the Ministery for Emergency Situations, Mr. Igor Krol', four containers will be lifted and put back on the rails today. Five containers have already been righted. However, weather may affect the operations, as violent storms and very strong winds are expected in the area. This is going to introduce a serious risk factor for the phosphor that still remains on the ground. The contaminating products are currently insulated from the air by means of pillows made of air and foam; a strong wind may cause new emergencies by even just partially removing such insulation structures. Yushchenko issued an official call to speed up the closure of the Chernobyl atomic power plants on July 20. Immediately afterwards, he left the country with his family for an unofficial visit to Poland, which will be followed by an official visit to Germany. He is expected to travel to Germany on the evening of July 21. The Ukraine Procuror General, Mr. Aleksandr Medvedenko, declared to the press that he has visited the accident site together with the President, and that all necessary measures are being taken, both for the cleanup of the accident and the defense of the civilian population. He notes that \"it takes courage to work there, for the personnel of the Ministry for Emergency Situations\". He announces that a complex cycle of medical care is being planned for about 1500 children of the affected area. In the same interview , the Procuror General announced that the Government of Kazakhstan will accept the phosphor still remaining (the goods were originally from Kazakhstan). However, in the same time period, the director of Kazphosphat (the vendor of the materials) declared in an interview to the newspaper Segodnja that he gathers that \"the phosphor will be stocked in the Ukraine, because it makes no sense to transfer it back. Moreover, you can hardly imagine that Russia would accept the passage of such a dangerous damaged load on their railways\".", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "nobody", "after": "no one", "start_char_pos": 161, "end_char_pos": 167}, {"type": "R", "before": "reach", "after": "enter", "start_char_pos": 184, "end_char_pos": 189}, {"type": "R", "before": "intoxication", "after": "injury", "start_char_pos": 275, "end_char_pos": 287}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 533, "end_char_pos": 533}, {"type": "R", "before": "is", "after": "was", "start_char_pos": 585, "end_char_pos": 587}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 635, "end_char_pos": 635}, {"type": "R", "before": "Kiev mayor", "after": "the mayor of Kiev", "start_char_pos": 658, "end_char_pos": 668}, {"type": "R", "before": "announces", "after": "announced", "start_char_pos": 696, "end_char_pos": 705}, {"type": "D", "before": "same", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 774, "end_char_pos": 778}, {"type": "R", "before": "to", "after": "with", "start_char_pos": 895, "end_char_pos": 897}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 914, "end_char_pos": 914}, {"type": "R", "before": "related to", "after": "taken in", "start_char_pos": 1381, "end_char_pos": 1391}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 1494, "end_char_pos": 1494}, {"type": "R", "before": "whatever", "after": "any", "start_char_pos": 1549, "end_char_pos": 1557}, {"type": "R", "before": "\u2019s", "after": "is", "start_char_pos": 1723, "end_char_pos": 1725}, {"type": "R", "before": "the operationand", "after": "this operation, or", "start_char_pos": 1772, "end_char_pos": 1788}, {"type": "R", "before": "lifted. Yet the", "after": "righted. However,", "start_char_pos": 2056, "end_char_pos": 2071}, {"type": "R", "before": "in fact", "after": "currently", "start_char_pos": 2304, "end_char_pos": 2311}, {"type": "D", "before": ",", "after": null, "start_char_pos": 2581, "end_char_pos": 2582}, {"type": "R", "before": "after", "after": "afterwards,", "start_char_pos": 2599, "end_char_pos": 2604}, {"type": "R", "before": "that", "after": "which", "start_char_pos": 2676, "end_char_pos": 2680}, {"type": "R", "before": "declares", "after": "declared", "start_char_pos": 2850, "end_char_pos": 2858}, {"type": "R", "before": "liquidation", "after": "cleanup", "start_char_pos": 3001, "end_char_pos": 3012}, {"type": "A", "before": null, "after": ",", "start_char_pos": 3316, "end_char_pos": 3316}, {"type": "R", "before": "announces", "after": "announced", "start_char_pos": 3338, "end_char_pos": 3347}, {"type": "R", "before": "being returned the phosphor left", "after": "the phosphor still remaining", "start_char_pos": 3394, "end_char_pos": 3426}, {"type": "R", "before": "Yet", "after": "However,", "start_char_pos": 3472, "end_char_pos": 3475}, {"type": "R", "before": "hours", "after": "time period,", "start_char_pos": 3488, "end_char_pos": 3493}, {"type": "R", "before": ") declares", "after": "of the materials) declared", "start_char_pos": 3534, "end_char_pos": 3544}], "sents_char_pos": [0, 150, 212, 330, 423, 602, 821, 878, 1091, 1337, 1449, 1610, 1719, 1867, 2021, 2063, 2172, 2272, 2376, 2476, 2730, 2793, 3072, 3180, 3293, 3471, 3700]} {"doc_id": "74873", "revision_depth": "1", "before_revision": "On Thursday 21 year old actress Lindsay Lohan accompanied by her attorney turned herself into the Beverly Hills Police Department on a misdemeanor charge of hit-and-run and driving under the influence. Lohan crashed her 2005 Mercedes SL-65 into a curb on Sunset Boulevard then was driven to a Century City hospital in a friends carwith minor injuries from the accident . The Beverly Hills Police tracked her down at the hospital where they check her blood-alcohol level that was above California's 0.08 percent legal limit but the police would not disclose what level Lohan's blood-alcohol was. On Thursday she was fingerprinted,photographed given a 30,000 dollar bond and schedule a court date for August 24. After the crash Lohan checked in to a rehabilitation center for 45 days this is the second round of rehabilitation this year ", "after_revision": "Lindsay Lohan at the Calvin Klein Spring 2007 Fashion Show afterparty. On Thursday afternoon, 21-year-old actress Lindsay Lohan turned herself in to the Beverly Hills Police Department to face charges of misdemeanor hit-and-run and the suspicion of driving under the influence. Accompanied by her lawyer, Lohan was fingerprinted and photographed by police. On May 26 of this year, Lohan had crashed her car into a curb and hedge on Sunset Boulevard and received minor injuries. She was then driven to a Century City hospital in a friend's car . The Beverly Hills Police tracked her down at the hospital where they checked her blood-alcohol level , which was found to be above California's 0.08 percent legal limit , although the police would not disclose what level Lohan's blood-alcohol was. After the crash , Lohan checked herself into a rehabilitation center for a 45-day stay, which was her second round of rehabilitation this year . A court date has been scheduled for August 24, 2007.", "edit_actions": [{"type": "R", "before": "On Thursday 21 year old", "after": "Lindsay Lohan at the Calvin Klein Spring 2007 Fashion Show afterparty. 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