【古风暴学】
古风暴学（Paleotempestology）是一门通过气候代理数据研究古代热带气旋的学科，由麻省理工的气象学家凯瑞·伊曼纽尔创建p=172，1990年代开始在美国兴起p=2908。
它兴起的主要原因是科学家意识到不能只靠历史文献来研究古代风暴p=1664，这些文献经常太过简短p=172。尤其是在美国，历史记载最多只能追溯到150年前p=529。
== 参考文献==
=== 引用===
=== 来源 ===
* s2cid=131311822
* Cite journal|last1=Astakhov|first1=A. S.|last2=Kalugin|first2=I. A.|last3=Aksentov|first3=K. I.|last4=Dar’in|first4=A. V.|date=April 2015|via=ResearchGate|title=Geochemical indicators of paleo-typhoons in shelf sediments|journal=Geochemistry International|language=en|volume=53|issue=4|pages=383–388|doi=10.1134/S0016702915040023|s2cid=140593833|issn=0016-7029
* issn=1934-8096
* first2=E. Christa
* url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/5893f3ebe670b55c9ac995853e38c70e4d25acdf
* issn=0037-0738
* bibcode=2010MGeol.275..127B
* hdl-access=free
* bibcode=2017ECSS..196..360B
* bibcode=2016NatSR...637522B
* doi-access=free
* doi=10.1016/j.quageo.2017.03.004
* doi-access=free
* doi=10.1111/iar.12153
* archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304070750/http://repositorio.lnec.pt:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1009260
* Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Huei-Fen|last2=Wen|first2=Shie-Ying|last3=Song|first3=Shen-Rong|last4=Yang|first4=Tien-Nan|last5=Lee|first5=Teh-Quei|last6=Lin|first6=Sue-Fen|last7=Hsu|first7=Shih-Chieh|last8=Wei|first8=Kuo-Yen|last9=Chang|first9=Ping-Yu|date=December 2012|title=Strengthening of paleo-typhoon and autumn rainfall in Taiwan corresponding to the Southern Oscillation at late Holocene|journal=Journal of Quaternary Science|language=en|volume=27|issue=9|pages=964–972|doi=10.1002/jqs.2590|bibcode=2012JQS....27..964C|via=Academia.edu
* bibcode=2018GPC...170..126C
* bibcode=2015Geo....43...91W
* bibcode=2015PNAS..112.4576D
* issn=0031-0182
* bibcode=2016PNAS..113.3169T
* url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/0005af651634c20563ff8238e3a4f0b23e966fdc
* bibcode=2004MGeol.210..107D
* jstor=25736985
* series=Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series
* doi-access=free
* archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510084501/https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/early/2014/01/13/SP388.12
* bibcode=2014NatSR...4E3876D
* bibcode=2016MGeol.379...78D
* doi-access=free
* doi-access=free
* Cite journal|last1=Fan|first1=DaiDu|last2=Liu|first2=Kam-biu|date=1 October 2008|title=Perspectives on the linkage between typhoon activity and global warming from recent research advances in paleotempestology|journal=Chinese Science Bulletin|language=en|volume=53|issue=19|pages=2907–2922|doi=10.1007/s11434-008-0341-2|bibcode=2008SciBu..53.2907F|issn=1861-9541|via=ResearchGate|doi-access=free
* bibcode=2018Geo....46..915K
* bibcode=2010PPP...297..707F
* bibcode=2012MGeol.307..111F
* bibcode=2007Geo....35..111B
* doi-access=free
* doi-access=free
* url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/db69807f565111ca508a6d625bfae7f2cf398d0b
* bibcode=2013PNAS..11017211G
* bibcode=2017QSRv..174...80G
* editor4-first=Brian H.
* bibcode=2001Geomo..39...21G
* doi-access=free
* bibcode=2009QuInt.195...42H
* bibcode=2005GSAB..117..250H
* s2cid=4309291
* doi-access=free
* Cite journal|last1=Hippensteel|first1=Scott P.|last2=Garcia|first2=William J.|date=2014-11-03|title=Micropaleontological Evidence of Prehistoric Hurricane Strikes from Southeastern North Carolina|journal=Journal of Coastal Research|language=EN|volume=298|pages=1157–1172|doi=10.2112/jcoastres-d-12-00180.1|s2cid=140185156|issn=0749-0208|via=ResearchGate
* bibcode=2015GGG....16.1044J
* bibcode=2016NatSR...621728V
* bibcode=2011JQS....26..714K
* hdl-access=free
* bibcode=2009PPP...280..387K
* bibcode=2015E&PSL.425..120K
* hdl-access=free
* s2cid=132624091
* bibcode=1993Geo....21..793L
* editor3-first=Kathy
* cite web |last1=Liu |first1=Kam-biu |title=Paleotempestology: The Science of Reconstructing Paleohurricane Activity |url=http://cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/03_Kam_Biu_Liu_Paleotempestology.pdf |website=Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México |location=La Paz, Baja California Sur |date=2010 |access-date=2021-11-17 |archive-date=2022-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315203511/http://cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/03_Kam_Biu_Liu_Paleotempestology.pdf
* bibcode=2008AGUFM.U14B..02L
* bibcode=2016QSRv..143...51L
* bibcode=2009Geomo.109...36M
* archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108142015/https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00758748/file/Malaize_et_al._2011_cor.pdf
* hdl-access=free
* bibcode=2009QuInt.195...53M
* s2cid=128971084
* url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/c7e4fd8abccb3cd36b2dd9dc290fcfd4c2d76406
* Cite journal|last1=Medina-Elizalde|first1=Martín|last2=Polanco-Martínez|first2=Josué Moises|last3=Lases-Hernández|first3=Fernanda|last4=Bradley|first4=Raymond|last5=Burns|first5=Stephen|date=September 2016|title=Testing the "tropical storm" hypothesis of Yucatan Peninsula climate variability during the Maya Terminal Classic Period|journal=Quaternary Research|language=en|volume=86|issue=2|pages=111–119|doi=10.1016/j.yqres.2016.05.006|issn=0033-5894|via=ResearchGate|bibcode=2016QuRes..86..111M|s2cid=133374197
* editor2-first=Kevin
* archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117034631/https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/geo_facpubs/31/
* pmid=14987874
* bibcode=2007E&PSL.255..367N
* bibcode=2011JQS....26..468N
* bibcode=2011QSRv...30..713N
* doi-access=free
* title=Coastal and Marine Hazards, Risks, and Disasters
* s2cid=135330739
* bibcode=2016AGUOSMG14A1900O
* issn=0309-1333
* bibcode=2018MGeol.406...84O
* archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117034634/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-020-04284-2
* s2cid=130374181
* url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/409e62dea0bc5963481ef8681eb658451d68cee8
* archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117034618/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01811916/file/Pouzet_et_al_2018_PREPRINT.pdf
* doi-access=free
* doi-access=free
* hdl-access=free
* bibcode=2014NatSR...4E7366B
* hdl-access=free
* doi-access=free
* jstor=4012513
* bibcode=2009QuInt.195...88U
* cite journal |last1=Wallace |first1=E.J. |last2=Donnelly |first2=J.P. |last3=Hengstum |first3=P.J. |last4=Wiman |first4=C. |last5=Sullivan |first5=R.M. |last6=Winkler |first6=T.S. |last7=d’Entremont |first7=N.E. |last8=Toomey |first8=M. |last9=Albury |first9=N. |title=Intense hurricane activity over the past 1500 years at South Andros Island, The Bahamas |journal=Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology |date=19 October 2019 |volume=34 |issue=11 |pages=1761–1783 |doi=10.1029/2019PA003665 |bibcode=2019PaPa...34.1761W |doi-access=free
* doi-access=free
* bibcode=2013MGeol.336..170W
* doi-access=free
* bibcode=2008Geo....36..391W
* hdl-access=free
* bibcode=2014CSR....86..103V
* hdl-access=free
* s2cid=130527171
* s2cid=90195591
* archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117034632/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/esp.4839
* bibcode=2017PPP...487..204Y
* issn=0016-7606
* doi-access=free
* bibcode=2009QuInt.195..128Y
* bibcode=2019PPP...521...57Y
* bibcode=2008Geo....36...11H
* issn=1869-1099
* issn=0025-3227
* issn=0037-0738