【木兰属】
木兰属（学名：Magnolia）是木兰目木兰科的一个属，由于近期的分子分析认为木兰亚科下的所有属都应并入木兰属中，因此广义的木兰属拥有共约210个不同的物种，而狭义的木兰属中有128个物种。
在中药中，木兰属的树皮称为厚朴，花蕾称为辛夷，具药用功效。
北美木兰 Magnolia virginiana
部分生物学家认为木兰亚科应合并成一属，也就是说，除鹅掌楸属（Liriodendron）外，木兰科中的所有植物都可并入木兰属中。本属的模式种是北美木兰（Magnolia virginiana），而木兰属是被子植物门与双子叶植物纲的模式属，因此本属或该种常用来代表所有有花植物或双子叶植物。
属名Magnolia为纪念法国植物学家Pierre Magnol（1683-1751）而命名。
== 分类 ==
=== 玉兰亚属 Subgenus Yulania ===
花粉向内开裂。
==== 玉兰组 Section Yulania ====
===== 紫玉兰/渐尖玉兰亚组 Subsection Tulipastrum =====
紫玉兰 Magnolia liliiflora
* Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. 尖头玉兰
** Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy 黄尖头玉兰
* Magnolia liliiflora Desr. 紫木兰、紫玉兰
===== 玉兰亚组 Subsection Yulania =====
玉兰 Magnolia denudata
二乔木兰 Magnolia × soulangeana
* Magnolia amoena W. C. Cheng 天目木兰
* Magnolia campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson 滇藏木兰
** Magnolia campbellii var. alba Treseder 白花滇藏木兰
** Magnolia campbellii var. mollicomata (W. W. Smith) F. Kingdon-Ward 早花滇藏木兰
* Magnolia dawsoniana Rehder & Wilson 光叶木兰、康定木兰
* Magnolia denudata Desr. 玉兰、白玉兰
* Magnolia kobus DC. 日本辛夷
* Magnolia salicifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. 柳叶木兰
* Magnolia sargentiana Rehder & Wilson 凹叶木兰
** Magnolia sargentiana var. robusta Rehder & Wilson
* Magnolia × soulangeana Soul. 二乔木兰
* Magnolia sprengeri Pampan 武当木兰
** Magnolia sprengeri var. elongata (Rehder & Wilson) Johnstone 长叶武当木兰
星花木兰 Magnolia stellata
* Magnolia stellata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. 星花木兰、日本毛木兰
* Magnolia zenii Cheng 宝华玉兰
===== 望春玉兰亚组 Subsection Buergeria =====
* Magnolia biondii Pampan 望春玉兰
* Magnolia cylindrica Wilson 黄山木兰
* Magnolia praecocissima Koidz 皱叶木兰
=== 木兰亚属 Subgenus Magnolia ===
花粉内侧向开裂或侧向开裂。
==== 木兰组 Section Magnolia ====
荷花玉兰 Magnolia grandiflora
* Magnolia grandiflora L. 荷花玉兰、广玉兰
**Magnolia grandiflora var. lanceolata Aiton 窄叶荷花玉兰
* Magnolia guatemalensis Donn. Sm. 危地马拉木兰
** Magnolia guatemalensis ssp. hondurensis (Molina) Vazquez 宏都拉斯木兰
* Magnolia iltisiana Vazquez
* Magnolia pacifica Vazquez 太平洋木兰
** Magnolia pacifica ssp. pugana Iltis & Vazquez
** Magnolia pacifica ssp. tarahumara Vazquez
* Magnolia panamensis Vazquez & Iltis 巴拿马木兰
* Magnolia poasana (Pittier) Dandy 珀阿斯木兰
* Magnolia schiedeana Schltdl.
* Magnolia sharpii Meranda
* Magnolia sororum Seibert 南美乌心石
** Magnolia sororum ssp. lutea Vazquez 黄花南美乌心石
* Magnolia tamaulipana Vazquez 塔矛里巴斯木兰
* Magnolia virginiana Linn 白背木兰、月桂木兰、北美木兰、维吉尼亚木兰、弗州木兰
* Magnolia yoroconte Dandy
==== 常绿木兰组 Section Gwillimia ====
===== 常绿木兰亚组 Subsection Gwillimia =====
* Magnolia albosericea Chun & Tsoong. 绢毛木兰
* Magnolia championii Benth 香港木兰
* Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC. 夜合花、夜香木兰
* Magnolia delavayi Franchet 山玉兰
* Magnolia fistulosa (Finet & Gagnep.) Dandy 长叶木兰
* Magnolia henryi Dunn 大叶木兰
* Magnolia nana Dandy 矮木兰
* Magnolia odoratissima Law et Zhou 馨香玉兰
==== 皱种木兰组 Section Rhytidospermum ====
===== 皱种木兰亚组 Subsection Rhytidospermum =====
日本厚朴 Magnolia obovata
* Magnolia obovata Thunb. 日本厚朴
* Magnolia officinalis Rehd. & Wilson 厚朴
** Magnolia officinalis ssp. biloba Cheng & Law 凹叶厚朴
* Magnolia rostrata W.W.Smith 长喙厚朴
* Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. 三瓣木兰
===== 天女花亚组 Subsection Oyama =====
西康玉兰 Magnolia wilsonii
* Magnolia globosa Hook.f. & Thoms. 毛叶玉兰
* Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch 天女花
** Magnolia sieboldii ssp. japonica K.Ueda 日本天女花
** Magnolia sieboldii ssp. sinensis (Rehder & Wilson) Spongberg 华天女花
* Magnolia wilsonii (Finet. & Gagnep.) Rehder 西康玉兰、玉灯花
==== 耳状木兰组 Section Auriculata ====
* Magnolia fraseri Walt. 福来氏木兰
** Magnolia fraseri var. pyramidata (Bartram) Pampanini 金字塔木兰
==== 北美大叶木兰组 Section Macrophylla ====
北美大叶木兰 Magnolia macrophylla var. ashei 雌花
* Magnolia macrophylla Michx. 北美大叶木兰
** Magnolia macrophylla var. ashei (Weatherby) D. Johnson
** Magnolia macrophylla var. dealbata (Zuccarini) D. Johnson 墨西哥大叶木兰
== 广义木兰属分类 ==
=== 玉兰亚属 Subgenus Yulania ===
==== 玉兰组 Section Yulania ====
===== 望春玉兰亚组 Subsection Buergeria =====
*（同上）
===== 紫玉兰/渐尖玉兰亚组 Subsection Tulipastrum =====
*（同上）
===== 玉兰亚组 Subsection Yulania =====
*（同上）
==== 含笑组 Section Michelia ====
===== 香木兰亚组 Subsection Aromadendron =====
* Magnolia ashtonii Dandy ex. Noot. 阿士东香木兰
* Magnolia bintuluensis (Agostini) Noot. 民都鲁香木兰
* Magnolia borneensis Noot. 婆罗香木兰
* Magnolia elegans (Blume) Keng 雅致香木兰
* Magnolia pahangensis Noot. 彭亨香木兰
===== 南洋含笑/金丝柚亚组 Subsection Elmerrillia =====
* Magnolia platyphylla (Merr.) Figlar & Noot.
* Magnolia pubescens (Merr.) Figlar & Noot.
* Magnolia tsiampacca (L.) Figlar & Noot.
** Magnolia tsiampacca ssp. tsiampacca var. glaberrima (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.
** Magnolia tsiampacca ssp. mollis (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.
* Magnolia vrieseana (Miq.) Baill. Ex Pierre
===== 长蕊木兰亚组 Subsection Maingola =====
* Magnolia annamensis Dandy 安南木兰
* Magnolia carsonii Dandy ex Noot.
** Magnolia carsonii var. drymifolia Noot.
** Magnolia carsonii var. phaulanta (Dandy ex Noot.) S. Kim
* Magnolia cathcartii (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Noot. 长蕊木兰
* Magnolia griffithii King
* Magnolia gustavii King
* Magnolia macklottii (Korth.) Dandy
** Magnolia macklottii var. beccariana (Agostini) Noot.
* Magnolia pealiana King
===== 含笑亚组 Subsection Michelia =====
====== 含笑系 Series Michelia ======
含笑亚系 Subseries Michelia
白兰 Magnolia × alba
* Magnolia × alba (DC.) Figlar & Noot. 白兰
* Magnolia champaca (L.) Baillon ex Pierre 黄玉兰、黄兰
** Magnolia champaca var. pubinervia (Blume) Figlar & Noot. 毛叶脉黄兰
* Magnolia doltsopa (Buch.-Ham. Ex DC.) Figlar 南亚含笑
* Magnolia ernestii Figlar 峨嵋含笑
** Magnolia ernestii ssp. szechuanica (Dandy) Sima & Figlar 四川含笑
* Magnolia floribunda (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar 多花含笑
* Magnolia rajaniana (Craib.) Figlar
肖含笑亚系 Subseries Micheliopsis
紫花含笑 Magnolia figo 'Purple Queen'.
* Magnolia dianica Sima & Figlar 云南含笑、滇含笑
* Magnolia figo (Lour.) DC. 含笑
** Magnolia figo var. crassipes (Law) Figlar & Noot. 紫花含笑
** Magnolia figo var. skinneriana ined. 野含笑
====== 后生含笑系 Series Metamichelia ======
双被亚系 Subseries Dichlamys
* Magnolia angustioblonga (Law & Wu) Figlar 狭叶含笑
* Magnolia balansae A. DC. 苦梓含笑
* Magnolia martinii H.Lev. 黄心夜合
异被亚系 Subseries Anisochlamys
** Michelia balansae var. appressipubescens Law 细毛含笑
* Magnolia banghamii (Noot.) Figlar & Noot.
* Magnolia braianensis (Gagnep.) Figlar
* Magnolia cavaleriei (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar 平伐含笑
* Magnolia chapensis (Dandy) Sima 乐昌含笑、景烈含笑
* Magnolia compressa Maxim. 乌心石、台湾含笑
** Michelia compressa var. lanyuensis Lu 兰屿乌心石
* Magnolia coriacea (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar 西畴含笑
* Magnolia flaviflora (Law & Wu) Figlar 素黄含笑
* Magnolia foveolata (Merr. Ex Dandy) Figlar 金叶含笑
* Magnolia fujianensis (Q.F.Zheng) Figlar 福建含笑
* Magnolia fulva (H.T. Chang & B.L. Chen) Figlar 棕毛含笑
** Magnolia fulva var. calcicola Sima & Yu
* Magnolia guangxiensis (Law & R.Z.Zhou) Sima 广西含笑
* Magnolia hypolampra (Dandy) Figlar
* Magnolia ingrata (B.L.Chen & S.C.Lang) Figlar 金花含笑
* Magnolia jiangxiensis (H.T. Chang & B.L. Chen) Figlar 江西含笑
* Magnolia kingii (Dandy) Figlar
* Magnolia kisopa (Bush.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar 西藏含笑
* Magnolia koordersiana (Noot.) Figlar
* Magnolia lacei (W.W. Smith) Figlar 壮丽含笑
* Magnolia lanuginosa (Wall.) Figlar & Noot.
* Magnolia leveilleana (Dandy) Figlar 长柄含笑
* Magnolia macclurei (Dandy) Figlar 醉香含笑、火力楠
** Magnolia macclurei var. sublanea Dandy
* Magnolia mannii (King) King 曼氏含笑
* Magnolia masticata (Dandy) Figlar 屏边含笑
* Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar 深山含笑、莫氏含笑
** Magnolia maudiae var. hunanensis (C.L.Peng & L.H.Yan) Sima 湖南含笑
** Magnolia maudiae var. platypetala (Hand.-Mazz.) Sima 阔瓣含笑
* Magnolia mediocris (Dandy) Figlar 白花含笑
* Magnolia microcarpa (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) Sima 小叶含笑
* Magnolia microtricha (Hand.-Mazz.) Figlar
* Magnolia montana (Blume) Figlar & Noot. 山含笑
* Magnolia nilagirica (Zenker) Figlar
* Magnolia oblonga (Wall. Ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Figlar 椭圆叶含笑
* Magnolia opipara (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Sima 马关含笑
* Magnolia philippinensis P.Pharm 菲律宾含笑
* Magnolia punduana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Figlar
* Magnolia scortechinii ( King) Figlar & Noot.
* Magnolia shiluensis (Chun & Y.F.Wu) Figlar 石碌含笑
* Magnolia sirindhorniae Noot. & Chalermglin 诗琳通含笑
* Magnolia sphaerantha (C.Y.Wu ex Z.S.Yue) Sima 球花含笑
* Magnolia subulifera (Dandy) Figlar
* Magnolia sumatrae (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. 苏门塔腊含笑
* Magnolia xanthantha (C.Y.Wu ex Law & Y.F.Wu) Figlar 黄花含笑
====== 合果木系 Series Paramichelia ======
* Magnolia baillonii Pierre 合果木
====== 观光木系 Series Tsoongiodendron ======
* Magnolia odora (Chun) Figlar & Noot. 观光木
=== 拟单性木兰亚属 Subgenus Gynopodium ===
==== 拟单性木兰组 Section Gynopodium ====
* Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy 乌心石舅、恒春拟单性木兰
* Magnolia lotungensis Chun & Tsoon 乐东拟单性木兰
* Magnolia nitida W.W.Smith 光叶拟单性木兰
* Magnolia omeiensis (Hu & Cheng) Dandy 峨嵋拟单性木兰
* Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot. 云南拟单性木兰
==== 华盖木组 Section Manglietiastrum ====
* Magnolia pleiocarpa (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. 密果华盖木
* Magnolia praecalva (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. 皱华盖木
* Magnolia sinica (Law) Noot. 华盖木
=== 木兰亚属 Subgenus Magnolia ===
==== 木兰组 Section Magnolia ====
*（同上）
==== 耳状木兰组 Section Auriculata ====
*（同上）
==== 常绿木兰组 Section Gwillimia ====
===== 南洋盖裂木亚组 Subsection Blumiana =====
* Magnolia gigantifolia (Miq.) Noot. 大叶盖裂木
* Magnolia lasia Noot.
* Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baillon 鸡蛋木兰
** Magnolia liliifera var. angatensis (Blanco) Noot.
** Magnolia liliifera var. beccarii (Ridley) Noot.
** Magnolia liliifera var. obovata (Korth.) 盖裂木
** Magnolia liliifera var. singapurensis (Ridley) Noot. 新加坡盖裂木
* Magnolia mariusjacobsia Noot.
* Magnolia persuaveolens Dandy
** Magnolia persuaveolens ssp. rigida Noot.
* Magnolia sarawakensis (Agostini) Noot. 砂劳越盖裂木
* Magnolia villosa (Miq.) H.Keng 毛盖裂木
===== 常绿木兰亚组 Subsection Gwillimia =====
*（同上）
==== 单性木兰组 Section Kmeria ====
* Magnolia duperreana Pierre 柬单性木兰
* Magnolia septentrionalis Dandy 单性木兰、焕镛木
* Magnolia thailandica Noot. & Chalermglin 泰国单性木兰
==== 木莲组 Section Manglietia ====
* Magnolia aromatica (Dandy) V.S.Kumar 香木莲
* Magnolia blaoensis (Gagnep.) Dandy 安南木莲
* Magnolia blumei Prantl 布鲁氏木莲
** Magnolia blumei var. sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot. 苏门塔腊木莲
* Magnolia calophylloides Figlar & Noot. 胡桐木莲
* Magnolia caveana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) D.C.Raju & M.P.Nayer 西藏木莲
* Magnolia chevalieri (Dandy) V.S.Kumar 睦南木莲
* Magnolia conifera (Dandy) V.S.Kumar 桂南木莲
** Magnolia conifera var. chingii (Dandy) V.S.Kumar 仁昌木莲
* Magnolia crassipes (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar 粗梗木莲
* Magnolia dandyi (Gapnep.) Dandy 大叶木莲
* Magnolia decidua (Q.Y. Zheng) V.S.Kumar 落叶木莲
* Magnolia dolichogyna (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot.
* Magnolia duclouxii Finet & Gagnep. 川滇木莲
* Magnolia figlarii V.S. Kumar 四川木莲
* Magnolia fordiana (Oliv.) Hu 木莲
** Magnolia fordiana var. calcarea (X.H.Song) Chen & Noot. 石山木莲
** Magnolia fordiana var. forrestii (W.W.Sm. Ex Dandy) Chen & Noot. 滇贵木莲
** Magnolia fordiana var. kwangtungensis (Merr.) Chen & Noot. 毛桃木莲
* Magnolia garrettii (Craib) V.S.Kumar 泰国木莲
* Magnolia grandis (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S. Kumar 大果木莲
* Magnolia hookeri Cubitt & W.W.Sm. 中缅木莲
* Magnolia insignis (Wall.) Blume 红花木莲
* Magnolia lanuginosoides Figlar & Noot. 绵毛木莲
* Magnolia lucida (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) V.S.Kumar 亮叶木莲
* Magnolia megaphylla (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar 大叶木莲
* Magnolia moto (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
* Magnolia obovalifolia (C.Y.Yu & Law) V.S.Kumar 倒卵叶木莲
* Magnolia ovoidea (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) V.S.Kumar 卵果木莲
* Magnolia phuthoensis (Dandy ex Gapnep.) V.S.Kumar 富寿木莲
* Magnolia rufibarbata (Dandy) V.S.Kumar 锈毛木莲
* Magnolia sabahensis (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot. 沙巴木莲
* Magnolia tibetica V.S.Kumar 西藏木莲
* Magnolia utilis (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
* Magnolia ventii (N.V.Tiep) V.S.Kumar 毛果木莲
* Magnolia yuyuanensis (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar 乳源木莲
==== 皱种木兰组 Section Rhytidospermum ====
===== 皱种木兰亚组 Subsection Rhytidospermum =====
*（同上）
===== 天女花亚组 Subsection Oyama =====
*（同上）
==== 盖裂木组 Section Talauma ====
===== 盖裂木亚组 Subsection Talauma =====
* Magnolia allenii Standl. 亚伦盖裂木
* Magnolia amazonica Ducke 亚马逊盖裂木
* Magnolia arcabucoana (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia boliviana (M.Nee) Govaerts 玻利维亚盖裂木
* Magnolia caricifragrans (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia cespedesii (Triana & Planch) Govaerts
* Magnolia chocoensis (Lozano) 乔科盖裂木
* Magnolia dixonii (Little) Govaerts 廸逊盖裂木
* Magnolia dodecapetala (Lam.) Govaerts 小安地列斯盖裂木
* Magnolia espinalii (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia georgii (Lozano) Govaerts 乔治盖裂木
* Magnolia gilbertoi (Lozano) Govaerts 吉帕托盖裂木
* Magnolia gloriensis (Pittier) Govaerts 荣誉盖裂木
* Magnolia hernandezii (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia irwiniana (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia katiorum (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia mexicana DC. 墨西哥盖裂木
* Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts 小盖裂木
* Magnolia morii (Lozano) Govaerts 森氏盖裂木
* Magnolia narinensis (Lozano) Govaerts 娜玲珑盖裂木
* Magnolia neillii (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia ovata (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng. 卵盖裂木
* Magnolia polyhypsophilla (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia rimachii (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia sambuensis (Pittier) Govaerts 三布盖裂木
* Magnolia santanderiana (Lozano) Govaerts 桑坦德盖裂木
* Magnolia sellowiana (A.St.-Hil.) Govaerts
* Magnolia silvioi (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia venezuelensis (Lozano) Govaerts 委内瑞拉盖裂木
* Magnolia virolinensis (Lozano) Govaerts 华奥琳盖裂木
* Magnolia wolfii (Lozano) Govaerts
===== 南美盖裂木亚组 Subsection Dugandiodendron =====
* Magnolia argyrothricha (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia calimaensis (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia calophylla (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia cararensis (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia chimantensis Steyermark & Maguire
* Magnolia colombiana (Little) Govaerts 哥伦比亚盖裂木
* Magnolia guatapensis (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia lenticellata (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia magnifolia (Lozano) Govaerts 巨叶盖裂木
* Magnolia mahechae (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia ptaritepuiana Steyermark
* Magnolia striatifolia Little
* Magnolia urraoense (Lozano) Govaerts
* Magnolia yarumalense (Lozano) Govaerts
===== 古巴盖裂木亚组 Subsection Cubenses =====
* Magnolia cacuminoides Bisse
* Magnolia cristalensis Bisse
* Magnolia cubensis Urb. 古巴盖裂木
* Magnolia domingensis Urb. 多米尼加盖裂木
* Magnolia ekmannii Urb. 海地盖裂木
* Magnolia emarginata Urb. & Echman 小凹盖裂木
* Magnolia hamorii Howard
* Magnolia pallescens Urban & Ekman 淡盖裂木
* Magnolia portoricensis Bello 波多黎各盖裂木
* Magnolia splendens Urban 华丽盖裂木
==== 北美大叶木兰组 Section Macrophylla ====
*（同上）
== 著名物种 ==
*玉兰：中华人民共和国上海市市花。
*广玉兰（荷花玉兰）
*天目木兰
*二乔玉兰
*玉灯花（西康玉兰）：东亚国家中国原生品种。
*宝华玉兰：东亚国家中国原生品种。
*星花玉兰
*紫玉兰
*黄兰
*含笑
*白兰
== 著名栽培种 ==
*飞黄玉兰：杂交选育品种。
*红运玉兰：杂交选育品种。
*黄鸟玉兰：国外引进品种。
*重瓣白玉兰
*多瓣玉兰
*丹馨玉兰
*桃花玉兰
*红元宝玉兰
*景新玉兰
*长花玉兰
*常春二乔玉兰