【空降部队】
time=2014-05-20T02:48:24+00:00 -{H|zh-cn:空降兵; zh-tw:空降部队;}-
空降
军事跳伞或滑翔前运人员或物资的形式。
用途
提供人员，设备或耗材。
起源
起源于1927年11月意大利部队。
空降部队（Airborne forces）属于军事单位，早期为轻装步兵，近年分演为「伞降兵」、「Glider infantry」、「空中突击兵」3种。其部队运动通常采用运输机等航空器进行“空投”来战斗。因此，不受地形限制，他们可以投入敌后，有能力在几乎任何地方进行部署。空降部队的编队的缺点是，战斗能量往往是有限的，只能经由他们的航空器进行运输，难以汇集足够的军力，武器需要做轻少化的取舍，因此主要的优势除了发挥灵活，更在于隐密地“在几分钟内突然冒出的数量和大小”，欧美称为vertical envelopment。
== 一般 ==
空降部队运用概分为3类：
*伞降：伞兵从运输机、航空器、飞行器上用降落伞降落；
*Glider infantry：士兵从固定翼航空器降落（通常是Military glider，非民用型滑翔机）投入战场；
*Air assault：或称空中机动，士兵由战斗直升机或倾转旋翼机、动力三轮车（Para-trike，动力滑翔翼、滑翔伞、动力飞行伞）、超轻航三轮车等旋翼航空器前运。
空降的基本前提是，他们可以快速抵达，不能快速部署一个连贯的防御。据推测，这种战术上的优势不能持续很长，所以伞兵必须善用敌人的资材，不断通过空中补给或等待地面部队以得到支援。虽然空降部队在运输过程中通常手无寸铁，但是，他们的突然出现带给守卫部队一瞬间「惊奇」或「冲击」。
空降部队一般（早期）都是由步兵、轻量、非装甲车辆（例如吉普车、悍马车等高机动车）和枪支及迫击砲组成。在第二次世界大战中，伞兵使用了轻型摩托车，如美军Cushman 公司53型速克达（G683）和英军威尔单兵摩托车。
-{zh-cn:朝鲜战争; zh-tw:韩战; zh-hk:韩战; zh-sg:韩战;zh:朝鲜战争}-结束后，轻重量车辆能够通过降落伞空降开始研发，例如M-551谢里登轻型坦克。苏联开发BMD-1步兵战车和BMD-3步兵战车。直升机可以运输轻型装甲车，例如德国鼬鼠装甲车、美军LAV-25装甲车和英国的CVR (T)等。以及，大型运输机可供运输少量主战坦克或较笨重的步兵战车。但许多空降重武器例如坦克，吉普车担心落地时摔坏，何处补充汽油也是需要考虑，尤考验各单位战前整个水平协调、情报掌握、事前准备等等。
== 战争史 ==
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== 参考文献 ==
=== 引用 ===
=== 来源 ===
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* dead-url= no
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