【国际和平局】
国际和平局（IPB：International Peace Bureau) 成立于1891年，是世界上最早成立的国际和平组织，1910年获得诺贝尔和平奖。1913年，亨利·拉方丹也以国际和平局局长的身份获得诺贝尔和平奖。截至2012年，共有12名国际和平局成员获得诺贝尔和平奖 。
International Peace Bureau (IPB) council meeting at Bern, 1899
General Assembly of the International Peace Bureau, September 1935
The International Peace Bureau (IPB) (Bureau international de la paix), founded in 1891, is one of the world's oldest international peace federations. The organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910 for acting "as a link between the peace societies of the various countries". In 1913 Henri La Fontaine was also awarded the Prize "For his work as head of the International Peace Bureau". 2012, eleven other Nobel Peace Prize laureates have been members of the IPB.
Its membership consists of 300 organizations in 70 countries. IPB's headquarters are located in Berlin, Germany, with offices in Barcelona, Spain, and Geneva, Switzerland. Prior to 2017, the headquarters were in Geneva.
Its main programmes are the Global Campaign on Military Spending (GCOMS) and disarmament for sustainable development, which focuses both on nuclear and conventional weapons, as well as biological weapons, landmines, and small arms.
IPB holds Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and associate status with the United Nations Department of Global Communications.
IPB was founded under the name Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix). From 1912 onward it used the name International Peace Bureau. Between 1946 and 1961, it was known under the name International Liaison Committee of Organizations for Peace – ILCOP (Comité de liaison international des organisations de paix – CLIOP).
== Global Campaign on Military Spending ==
The Global Campaign on Military Spending (GCOMS) is a permanent, global, year-round campaign that was created in December 2014 by the IPB to tackle the worldwide issue of excessive military spending.
The aim of the campaign is to pressure the world's governments to invest money in the sectors of health, education, employment and climate change rather than military. It also calls for an annual, minimum reallocation of 10% from the military budgets of all states. Finally, it advocates the reduction of arms production and international weapons trade.
GDAMS actions in Halifax, Canada
The campaign organises the Global Day of Action on Military Spending (GDAMS) to bring public, media and political attention to the costs of military spending and the need to invest in new priorities.
GCOMS is managed from the decentralised Barcelona, Spain, office of IPB in coordination with Centre Delàs of Peace Studies. More than 100 organisations from 35 countries have joined the campaign.
== Nuclear disarmament activism ==
IPB has been in the forefront of nuclear disarmament activities since 1945, including:
* Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
* Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
* World Court Project
* Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)
Currently, the IPB is campaigning to encourage the signing and ratification of the TPNW so that it may enter into force.
== Seán MacBride Peace Prize ==
Established in 1992, the Seán MacBride Peace Prize is awarded by the International Peace Bureau to a person or organisation that "has done outstanding work for peace, disarmament and/or human rights." It is named after Seán MacBride, a Nobel Peace Prize winner who was chairman of the IPB from 1968 to 1974 and president from 1974 to 1985.
=== Recipients===
The following are the recipients of the Seán MacBride Peace Prize since its inception in 1992:
International Peace Bureau World Congress Berlin 2016
== Leadership ==
At the Triennial Assembly held in London on October 19 2019, a new group of IPB officials was elected.
=== President ===
The current co-presidents are:
=== Treasurer ===
The current Treasurer is:
=== Vice-presidents ===
The vice-presidents deputise for the president when necessary. The current vice-presidents are:
=== Board members ===
The board members are the following:
=== Council members ===
The Council members are the following persons:
=== Staff  ===
The staff members are the following persons:
== Nobel Peace Prizes ==
IPB's work was rewarded by the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910, which has also been awarded to some of its members:
* 1901 : Frédéric Passy (France), IPB council member
* 1902 : Élie Ducommun and Albert Gobat (Switzerland), first honorary secretaries of IPB
* 1905 : Bertha von Suttner (Austria), writer and honorary vice-president of IPB
* 1907 : Ernesto Moneta (Italy), IPB council member
* 1908 : Fredrik Bajer (Denmark), honorary president of IPB
* 1910 : The International Peace Bureau
* 1911 : Alfred Fried (Austria), IPB council member
* 1913 : Henri La Fontaine (Belgium), president of IPB
* 1927 : Ludwig Quidde (Germany), IPB council member
* 1959 : Philip Noel-Baker (United Kingdom), IPB vice-president
* 1962 : Linus Pauling (United States), IPB vice-president
* 1974 : Seán MacBride (Ireland), IPB chairman and president
* 1982 : Alva Myrdal (Sweden), IPB vice-president
== Presidents ==
The IPB has a co-president system that ensures a gender-balance among leadership. Each president can currently serve up to two terms of three years.
*Henri La Fontaine – 1907–1943
*Ernst Wolf – 1963–1974
*Seán MacBride – 1974–1985
*Bruce Kent – 1985–1992
*Maj Britt Theorin – 1992–2000
*Cora Weiss – 2000–2006
*Tomas Magnusson – 2006–2013
*Ingeborg Breines – 2009–2016
*Reiner Braun – 2013–2019
*Lisa Clark – 2016–present
*Philip Jennings – 2019–present
IPB "Bread Tank" in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil