【兜兰属】
兜兰属（学名：Paphiopedilum），又称拖鞋兰、仙履兰，或音译作芭菲尔鞋兰，是兰科下的一个属。属名Paphiopedilum来自希腊文Paphia及pedilon（拖鞋）组合而成。paphia是希腊神话中的爱神阿芙萝黛蒂的一个别名，源自阿芙萝黛蒂诞生后在爱琴海赛普勒斯（Cyprus）岛上的登陆地点帕福斯（Paphos）而来。全属约有128个物种（含31个天然杂交种），分布于中国大陆南方、印度、东南亚及大洋洲诸岛。。拖鞋兰的品种有麻栗坡拖鞋兰、长瓣拖鞋兰、虎斑拖鞋兰、卷萼拖鞋兰、紫纹拖鞋兰、同色拖鞋兰、越南拖鞋兰等。
==生物分类学和系统学==
1886年，德国植物学家乌戈·恩斯特海因里希‧辉瑞（Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer，1846~1906）将喜普鞋兰属（Cypripedium）中的一群物种分离出来，独立为一个新属。它与全北区的亲缘属喜普鞋兰属（Cypripedium）曾被认为是同一属。兜兰属在1959年被定为一有效分类单元。
===分类和物种===
*小萼亚属 Parvisepalum
**Paphiopedilum armeniacum S.C. Chen & F.Y. Liu 1982 金童拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum delenatii Guillaumin 1924 德氏拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum emersonii Koop. & P.J. Cribb 1986 爱默森拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum × fanaticum Koop. & N.Haseg. 1992 梵天拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum × glanzii O.Gruss & Perner 2006 葛兰斯拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum hangianum Perner & Gruss 1999 汉姬拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum jackii H.S.Hua 1995 杰克拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum malipoense S.C. Chen & Tsi 1984 麻栗坡拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum micranthum Tang & Wang 1951 玉女拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum vietnamense O. Gruss & Perner 1999 越南拖鞋兰
*短瓣亚属 Brachypetalum
**Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Rchb.f)Stein 1892 美丽拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum concolor (Bateman) Pfitzer 1888 同色拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum godefroyae (Godefroy Lebeuf) Stein 1892 戈弗雷拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum leucochilum (Rolfe)Fowlie 1975 白唇拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f) Stein 1892 雪白拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum thaianum Iamwir. 2006 泰莲拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum × wenshanense Z.J.Liu & J.Yong Zhang 2000 文山拖鞋兰
*多花亚属 Polyantha
** Section Polyantha多花节
***Paphiopedilum adductum Asher 1983 亚德拖鞋兰／马面拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum anitum Golamco 1998 雅尼拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum gigantifolium Braem, Baker & Baker 1997 巨叶拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum glanduliferum (Blume) Pfitzer 1895 腺瓣拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum kolopakingii Fowlie 1984 科罗拔拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum ooii Koop. 1999 黄氏拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum philippinense (Rchb.f) Stein 1892 菲律宾拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum praestans (Rchb.f) Pfitz 1894 超群拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum randsii Fowlie 1969 兰德拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum roebbelenii (Rchb.f) Pfitzer 1894 罗贝伦拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum rothschildianum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892 洛斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum sanderianum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1895 桑德拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum stonei (Hook. f.) Pfitzer 1895 史东拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum supardii Braem & Lob 1985 苏帕迪拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum platyphyllum T.Yukawa 2001 阔叶拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum wilhelminae L.O.Williams 1942 威廉明娜拖鞋兰
** Section Pardalopetalum长瓣节
***Paphiopedilum dianthum Tang & Wang 1940  双花拖鞋兰／长瓣拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb.f) Stein 1894 派瑞许拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum haynaldianum (Rchb.f.) Stein 1892 哈伊纳拖鞋兰／细瓣拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum intaniae Cavestro 2000 印坦拖鞋兰／苏岛拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum lowii (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895 洛氏拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum richardianum Asher & Beaman 1988 理查德拖鞋兰
*拖鞋兰亚属 Paphiopedilum
** Section Paphiopedilum拖鞋兰节
***Paphiopedilum × affine De Wild. 1906
***Paphiopedilum coccineum 砖色拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × areeanum O.Gruss 2001 根茎拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × aspersum Aver. 2002
***Paphiopedilum barbigerum T. Tang & F.T. Wang 1940 小叶拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum boxalli (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1888 柏萨尔拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum charlesworthii (Rolfe) Pfitzer 1895 查尔斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum cornutum Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
***Paphiopedilum coccineum Perner & R.Herrm. 2000 砖色拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × cribbii Aver. 2006 克里布拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum druryi (Bedd.) Pfitzer 1895 德鲁氏拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × dalatense Aver. 2002 大勒拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe 1896 狭叶拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindley) Stein 1892 菲尔瑞拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum gratrixianum Rolfe 1905 葛拉提斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum helenae Aver. 1996 海伦拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum henryanum Braem 1987 亨利拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × herrmannii F.Fuchs & H.Reisinger 1995 赫尔曼拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook. f.) Pfitzer 1892 毛花拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum hookerae (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895 虎克拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum insigne (Lindley) Pfitz 1888 波瓣拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × nitens Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
***Paphiopedilum spicerianum (Rchb.f) Pfitz. 1888 史拜瑟拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × sinovillosum Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen 2004 中华紫毛拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum tigrinum 虎纹拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum tigrinum Koop. & N. Hasegawa 1990 虎纹拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum tranlienianum O.Gruss & H.Perner 1998 泉氏拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895 紫毛拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum O.Gruss & Roellke 2003
***Paphiopedilum × wuliangshanicum Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011 无量山拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × yingjiangense Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen 2007 盈江拖鞋兰
** Section Barbata须毛节
***Paphiopedilum anitanum Cavestro 2017 安塔拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum argus 阿戈斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum argus (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892 阿戈斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe 1896 阿普尔顿拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum acmodontum M.W. Wood 1976 齿唇拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum agusii Cavestro & N Bougourd 2017 阿格斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum barbatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1888 须毛拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum bullenianum Rchb.f Pfitzer 1894 布伦拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum Fowlie 1971 布干维尔拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum braemii H. Mohr 1989 布拉姆拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892 瘤瓣拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum canhii 耿氏拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum canhii Aver. & O.Gruss 2010 耿氏拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum ciliolare (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892 短毛拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum curtisii (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895 柯蒂斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum dayanum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895 戴氏拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum fowliei Birk 1981 福利拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum hennisianum (M.W. Wood) Fowlie 1977 亨尼斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum inamorii P.J.Cribb & A.L.Lamb 2011 稻盛拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum javanicum (Reinw. ex Blume) Pfitzer 1888 爪哇拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × kimballianum (Rchb.f.) Rolfe 1896 盖洛格拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1888 劳伦斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum 伦鲁安拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum mastersianum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895 麦斯特拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum nigritum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1896 深褐拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum papuanum (Ridl. ex Rendle) L.O. Williams 1946 巴布亚拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum parnatanum Cavestro 1999 帕娜塔拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum purpuratum (Lindley) Stein 1894 紫纹拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × pradhanii Pradhan 1979 普拉德拖鞋兰*****Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum O.Gruss, Rungruang, Chaisur. & Dionisio 2014 伦鲁安拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum robinsonianum Cavestro 2014 publ. 2013 罗宾森拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum sangii Braem 1987 颂氏拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum schoseri Braem & H.Mohr 1988 施洛赛拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum sugiyamanum Cavestro 2001 椙山拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum sukhakulii Schoser & Senghas 1965 萨卡库拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum superbiens (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895 优秀拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum × siamensis (Rolfe) Rolfe 189 暹罗拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum tonsum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895 秃瓣拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum urbanianum Fowlie 1981 儿本拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum venustum Wall. ex Sims Pfitz. 1888 维纳斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum violascens Schltr. 1911 堇色拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum volonteanum (Sander) Stein 1892 诺让拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum viniferum Koop. & N.Haseg. 2000 葡色拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum wardii Summerhayes 1932 沃德拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum wentworthianum Schoser & Fowlie 1968 温特沃斯拖鞋兰
***Paphiopedilum zulhermanianum Cavestro 2017 苏荷曼拖鞋兰
*旋瓣亚属 Cochlopetalum
**Paphiopedilum chamberlainianum (O'Brien) Pfitzer 1895 张伯伦拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum dodyanum Cavestro 2017 多迪拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum (J.J.Smith.) Pfitzer 1900 灰叶拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum liemianum (Fowlie) Karas. & Saito 1982 林姆拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum moquetteanum (J.J. Sm.) Fowlie 1980 莫迪格拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum primulinum M.W. Wood & P. Taylor 1973 樱草拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum victoria-mariae (Rolfe) Rolfe 1896 圣母拖鞋兰
**Paphiopedilum victoria-regina (Sander) M.W. Wood 1976 女王拖鞋兰