【委内瑞拉陆军】
委内瑞拉陆军，正式名称为委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国国民军(Ejército Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela), 是委内瑞拉武装部队的六个军种之一。 该军队要参与陆上地面军事行动，并应对可能危及国家主权的外部或内部威胁。
陆军直接听令于人民政权国防部。陆军分为六个作战兵种和四个指挥部：作战、后勤、教育和陆军航空兵。
委内瑞拉陆军指挥官、官兵、技术员和军医均毕业于委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔军事大学军事院校，并且会被授予少尉军衔，院校如下:
* 委内瑞拉军事学院,
* Military Academy of Troop Officers Commander in Chief Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías,
* 玻利瓦尔军事技术学院,
* 军事卫生科学院
1821年6月24日，委内瑞拉军队在卡拉沃博战役中战胜西班牙帝国。不久委内瑞拉独立。
== 历史 ==
Martín Tovar y Tovar绘制
=== 独立 ===
With the beginning of the Venezuelan War of Independence on 19 April 1810 and the subsequent war in the country, a 军校 was created in 1810 by decree of the Supreme Board of 卡拉卡斯 for the training of officers for the 共和主义 cause. The 保皇派 reaction was fast and by 1812 the First Republic of Venezuela was dissolved. A war to the death begun (guerra a muerte), with neither side giving quarter. On 11 April 1817, 1,800 Republicans under General Píer won a major victory against the Royalists at San Félix (southeast of Caracas), where the revolutionaries defeated 1,500 Royalists under General Nicolás María Cerruti. The Royalists suffered 593 dead and 497 captured, of whom 160 peninsulares (西班牙人 born in the 伊比利亚半岛). All of the Spaniards were 斩首. The Republicans lost 31 dead and 65 wounded.
The war continued until 1824 with successes and failures on each side. On 7 August 1819, the army of 新格瑞那达共和国, under the command of the Liberator 西蒙·玻利瓦尔, defeats the Royalist troops under the command of General José María Barreiro in the Battle of Boyacá, being the first republic of the so-called Bolivarianas (Bolivarians) to obtain their independence of the 西班牙帝国; a day that also celebrates the National Army of Colombia.
The liberating army, whose central nucleus are the infantry battalions of Rifle troops, 跳跃者, Vencedores, the British Legions, plus the contingents of the 枪骑兵 Bravos de Apure of General 何塞·安东尼奥·派斯·埃雷拉, and whose contingents are made up mainly of Colombian-Venezuelan troops under the supreme leadership of Bolívar, are now waging the Venezuelan campaign as part of 大哥伦比亚共和国. On 24 June 1821, the Republicans obtained a decisive victory over the Royalists in the battle at Battle of Carabobo, and today is celebrated as the day of the Venezuelan Army.
After the Battle of Carabobo, the remnants of the Royalist armies that managed to escape from the battlefield took refuge in 卡贝略港, while in the east they did the same in 库马纳. Cumaná was taken shortly after by the Republicans, but the heavily fortified city of Puerto Cabello resisted under 攻城战 until 1823, during which time it served as the base for the Spanish reconquest of territories in western Venezuela.
巴西 General José Inácio de Abreu e Lima, that fought in the Battle of Carabobo for the Republicans.
Afterwards, these troops take part in the Southern Campaign under the command of 元帅 安东尼奥·何塞·苏克雷, and went on to liberate 厄瓜多尔 in the 皮钦查战役, Peru in the Battle of Junín, and Upper Peru (today 玻利维亚) in the 阿亚库乔战役.
=== 20世纪 ===
20世纪，委内瑞拉当局依据普鲁士模式下对军队进行改革，这使得军队走上了现代化和专业化道路。不过随之而来的是军队开始干预国政，委内瑞拉出现政治不稳定、政变和独裁统治等局面。在1940年至1958年期间，军国主义在该国政治中占主导地位，1952年时任国防部长希门内斯自任临时总统，推翻委内瑞拉合众国，建立了现在的政权。1958年，民主运动最终迫使军方停止干预国政。
随著佩雷斯希门尼斯的推翻和民主的回归，委内瑞拉军队开始对付国内的由委内瑞拉共产党和左翼革命运动（Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria ，MIR）的极端分子领导的民族解放武装部队（Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional，FALN）。此外委内瑞拉军队也参与了联合国在尼加拉瓜的维和行动。
=== 21世纪 ===
2014 年 3 月，委内瑞拉军队的T-72主战坦克B1V坦克在纪念前总统乌戈·查韦斯逝世的阅兵式上。
21世纪，委内瑞拉军队从俄罗斯手中购买了大量军备，该国军队几乎实现了全面现代化。
委内瑞拉武装部队是拉丁美洲第四大军队，仅次于巴西、哥伦比亚和墨西哥的军队。
==Mission and vision==
Its mission, as the ground forces of the 委内瑞拉军事, is to:
*Secure the ground defenses of the nation,
*Contribute to the establishment of democratic institutions and build up respect and full compliance to the laws of the Republic as mandated,
*Support national development and integration,
*And to participate in programs of international cooperation and peacekeeping.
== Functions of the Army ==
In accordance with the Article 9 of the National Armed Forces Organic Law as amended, the functions of the Army are to
* Organize, train and equip units for ground forces operations
* Establish doctrines for the various operations it has to undertake
* Participate in military mobilization programs
* Maintain the national borders
* And actively achieve readiness to develop technologies and scientifically advances for the advancement of national defense
==Official hymn==
===Spanish lyrics===
Chorus
Adelante marchemos, valientes, al combate y al rudo fragor
por la patria muy altas las frentes, despleguemos pujanza y valor.
Por la patria muy altas las frentes, despleguemos pujanza y valor.
Nuestra sangre es la savia del pueblo y en el pueblo se plasma en canción
es la rosa más pura del viento que en la historia da brillo a la acción,
En las aguas, el aire y la tierra la victoria es el alba inmortal,
si sublime es el triunfo en la guerra, preservemos la gloria y la paz.
Chorus
Y si el brazo extranjero se atreve a infamar de este suelo el honor
antes muerte mil veces nos llegue que rendirnos al torpe invasor,
pues de todas las patrias que el cielo diera al hombre en morada de amor,
es la nuestra el más hondo desvelo en el sueño de un mundo mejor.
Chorus
==装备==
==步兵武器==
== 组织 ==
===Army major commands===
==== 陆军总司令部 ====
==== 陆军后勤司令部 ====
==== 陆军航空司令部 ====
==== 特种部队 ====
99th Army Special Operations Brigade
===Army divisions and corps===
==== 第1步兵师 ====
==== 第2步兵师 ====
The 79th Andes Air Defense Artillery Brigade reports directly to the Operational Strategic Command, while being in the 2ID's territorial jurisdiction.
==== 第 3 步兵师 ====
Since 2016 the newly created 34th CCB reports also to the Operational Strategic Command.
==== 第 4 装甲师 ====
==== 第 5 丛林步兵师 ====
==== 第9骑兵师 ====
==== 第 6 工兵团 ====
==Ranks==
== 陆军历届总司令 ==
(*): Marks promotion to the rank of full General (and appointment as Minister of Defense) after serving term as Commanding General of the Army
==参考文献==