【曲霉属】
曲霉属（学名：Aspergillus）是一个由几百种多细胞霉菌菌种所组成的菌属，在许多气候条件下皆可发现牠们的踪影。
曲霉属于1729年被Pier Antonio Micheli（一位义大利神父兼生物学家）首次记录。在显微镜下，米凯利发现该菌属的形状长的与aspergillum（拉丁文：aspergillum）相似，该菌属名Aspergillus因而得名。圣水勺构造是所有曲霉属皆有的一种无性生殖产孢构造，大约1/3的该属物种也具备有性生殖阶段。
==分类==
=== 种 ===
曲霉属由数百种菌种所组成。
* Aspergillus acidohumus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus acidus Kozak.
* Aspergillus acolumnaris Varshney & A.K.Sarbhoy
* Aspergillus acrensis Hubka, A.Nováková, Yaguchi, Matsuz. & Y.Horie
* Aspergillus aculeatinus Noonim, Frisvad, Varga & Samson
* Aspergillus aculeatus Iizuka
* Aspergillus acutus Blaser
* Aspergillus aeneus Sappa
* Aspergillus aerius A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus affinis Davolos, Persiani, Pietr. & Maggi
* Aspergillus aflatoxiformans Frisvad, Ezekiel, Samson & Houbraken
* Aspergillus alabamensis Balajee, Baddley, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus albertensis J.P.Tewari
* Aspergillus allahabadii B.S.Mehrotra & Agnihotri
* Aspergillus alliaceus Thom & Church
* Aspergillus allocotus Bat. & H.Maia
* Aspergillus alutaceus Berk. & M.A.Curtis
* Aspergillus amazonensis (Henn.) Samson & Seifert
* Aspergillus ambiguus Sappa
* Aspergillus amstelodami (L.Mangin) Thom & Church
* Aspergillus amylovorus Panas. ex Samson
* Aspergillus angustatus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus anomalus Mosseray
* Aspergillus anthodesmis Bartoli & Maggi
* Aspergillus apicalis B.S.Mehrotra & Basu
* Aspergillus appendiculatus Blaser
* Aspergillus arachidicola Pildain, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus arcoverdensis Y.Horie, Matsuzawa, Yaguchi & Camp.-Tak.
* Aspergillus ardalensis A.Nováková, Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus arenarioides Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
* Aspergillus arenarius Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus argenteus J.N.Rai & H.J.Chowdhery
* Aspergillus aridicola H.Z.Kong & Z.T.Qi
* Aspergillus arxii (Fort & Guarro) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
* Aspergillus asclerogenus Jurjević & Hubka
* Aspergillus askiburgiensis A.Nováková, Hubka, Frisvad, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus aspearensis Houbraken, Frisvad, Arzanlou & Samson
* Aspergillus asper Jurjević & S.W.Peterson
* Aspergillus asperescens Stolk
* Aspergillus assiutensis Moub. & Soliman
* Aspergillus assulatus (S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
* Aspergillus astellatus (Fennell & Raper) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
* Aspergillus atacamensis Zalar, Azúa-Bustos & Gunde-Cim.
* Aspergillus atheciellus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus athecius Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus attinii J.Lehm.
* Aspergillus aurantiacoflavus Hubka, A.J.Chen, Jurjević & Samson
* Aspergillus aurantiobrunneus Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus aurantiopurpureus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus auratus Warcup
* Aspergillus aureofulgens Luppi Mosca
* Aspergillus aureolatus Munt.-Cvetk. & Bata
* Aspergillus aureolus Fennell & Raper
* Aspergillus aureoluteus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus aureoterreus Samson, S.W.Peterson, Frisvad & Varga
* Aspergillus auricomus (Guég.) Saito
* Aspergillus australiensis (Samson, S.B.Hong & Varga) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
* Aspergillus austroafricanus Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
* Aspergillus austwickii Frisvad, Ezekiel, Samson & Houbraken
* Aspergillus avenaceus G.Sm.
* Aspergillus awamori Nakaz.
* Aspergillus baeticus A.Nováková & Hubka
* Aspergillus batatas Saito
* Aspergillus beijingensis D.M.Li, Y.Horie, Yu X.Wang & R.Y.Li
* Aspergillus bertholletiae Taniwaki, Pitt & Frisvad
* Aspergillus bezerrae J.P.Andrade, C.N.Figueiredo, H.G.de Souza, J.T.De Souza & P.A.S.Marbach
* Aspergillus bicephalus J.P.Z.Siqueira, Gené & Guarro
* Aspergillus bicolor M.Chr. & States
* Aspergillus biplanus Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus bisporus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
* Aspergillus bombycis S.W.Peterson, Yoko Ito, B.W.Horn & T.Goto
* Aspergillus botswanensis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus botucatensis Y.Horie, Miyaji & Nishim.
* Aspergillus brasiliensis Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus brevipes G.Sm.
* Aspergillus brevistipitatus A.Nováková & Hubka
* Aspergillus bridgeri M.Chr.
* Aspergillus brunneouniseriatus Suj.Singh & B.K.Bakshi
* Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus Bat. & H.Maia
* Aspergillus caatingaensis Y.Horie, Matsuz., Yaguchi & Y.Takaki
* Aspergillus caelatus B.W.Horn
* Aspergillus caesiellus Saito
* Aspergillus caespitosus Raper & Thom
* Aspergillus calidoustus Varga, Houbraken & Samson
* Aspergillus californicus Frisvad, Varga & Samson
* Aspergillus calyptratus Oudem.
* Aspergillus campestris M.Chr.
* Aspergillus canadensis Visagie, N.Yilmaz, Sklenar & Seifert
* Aspergillus candidus Link
* Aspergillus caninus (Sigler, Deanna A.Sutton, Gibas, Summerb. & Iwen) Houbraken, Tanney, Visagie & Samson
* Aspergillus capensis Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
* Aspergillus caperatus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus capsici (J.F.H.Beyma) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
* Aspergillus carbonarius (Bainier) Thom
* Aspergillus carlsbadensis Frisvad, Varga & Samson
* Aspergillus carneus Blochwitz
* Aspergillus cavernicola Lörinczi
* Aspergillus cejpii (Milko) Samson, Varga, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus cellulosae Ellenberger
* Aspergillus cerealis Houbraken, Frisvad, Ezekiel & Samson
* Aspergillus cervinus Massee
* Aspergillus chevalieri (L.Mangin) Thom & Church
* Aspergillus chinensis Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus chlamydosporus (Gené & Guarro) Houbraken, Tanney, Visagie & Samson
* Aspergillus christenseniae A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus chryseides Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus chrysellus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
* Aspergillus cibarius S.B.Hong & Samson
* Aspergillus citocrescens Hubka, A.Nováková & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus citrinoterreus J.Guinea, Sand.-Den., Escribano, Bouza & Guarro
* Aspergillus citrisporus Höhn.
* Aspergillus clavatonanicus Bat., H.Maia & Alecrim
* Aspergillus clavatophorus Sklenar, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
* Aspergillus clavatus Desm.
* Aspergillus clavatus Dezm.
* Aspergillus collembolorum Dörfelt & A.R.Schmidt
* Aspergillus collinsii Jurjević & S.W.Peterson
* Aspergillus compatibilis Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus conicus Blochwitz
* Aspergillus conjunctus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
* Aspergillus contaminans Hubka, Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & Lysková
* Aspergillus conversis Hubka & A.Nováková
* Aspergillus coreanus S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus coremiiformis Bartoli & Maggi
* Aspergillus corolligenus (Massee) Subram.
* Aspergillus corrugatus Udagawa & Y.Horie
* Aspergillus costaricensis Samson & Frisvad
* Aspergillus costiformis H.Z.Kong & Z.T.Qi
* Aspergillus crassihyphae Wadhwani & N.Mehrotra
* Aspergillus creber Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
* Aspergillus cremeoflavus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus cremeus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
* Aspergillus cretensis Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus cristatellus Kozak.
* Aspergillus cristatus Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus croceus Hubka, A.Nováková, Frisvad, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus crustosus Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus cumulatus D.Han Kim & S.B.Hong
* Aspergillus curviformis H.J.Chowdhery & J.N.Rai
* Aspergillus cvjetkovicii Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
* Aspergillus deflectus Fennell & Raper
* Aspergillus delicatus H.Z.Kong
* Aspergillus denticulatus (Samson, S.B.Hong & Frisvad) Samson, S.B.Hong, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus desertorum (Samson & Mouch.) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus destruens Zalar, Sklenar, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
* Aspergillus dimorphicus B.S.Mehrotra & R.Prasad
* Aspergillus discophorus Samson, Zalar & Frisvad
* Aspergillus diversus Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus dobrogensis A.Nováková, Jurjević, Sklenar, Frisvad, Houbraken & Hubka
* Aspergillus domesticus Sklenar, Houbraken, Zalar & Hubka
* Aspergillus dromiae A.J.Chen
* Aspergillus dubius Corda
* Aspergillus dybowskii (Pat.) Samson & Seifert
* Aspergillus eburneocremeus Sappa
* Aspergillus echinulatus Thom & Church
* Aspergillus egyptiacus Moub. & Moustafa
* Aspergillus elegans Gasperini
* Aspergillus ellipsoideus J.N.Rai & H.J.Chowdhery
* Aspergillus ellipticus Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus elongatus J.N.Rai & S.C.Agarwal
* Aspergillus endophyticus Hubka, A.J.Chen & Samson
* Aspergillus equitis Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus erythrocephalus Berk. & M.A.Curtis
* Aspergillus eucalypticola Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus europaeus Hubka, A.Nováková, Samson, Houbraken, Frisvad & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus falconensis Y.Horie, Miyaji, Nishim. & Udagawa
* Aspergillus felis Barrs, van Doorn, Varga & Samson
* Aspergillus fennelliae Kwon-Chung & S.J.Kim
* Aspergillus ferenczii (Varga & Samson) Samson, Varga, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus ficuum (Reichardt) Thom & Currie
* 斐济曲霉 Aspergillus fijiensis Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus filifer Zalar, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus filifera Zalar, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus fimicola H.Z.Kong & Z.T.Qi
* Aspergillus fischeri Wehmer
* Aspergillus fischerianus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus flaschentraegeri Stolk
* Aspergillus flavipes (Bainier & R.Sartory) Thom & Church
* Aspergillus flavofurcatus Bat. & H.Maia
* 黄曲霉 Aspergillus flavus Link
* Aspergillus floccosus (Y.K.Shih) Samson, S.W.Peterson, Frisvad & Varga
* Aspergillus flocculosus Frisvad & Samson
* 佛罗里达曲霉 Aspergillus floridensis Jurjević, G.Perrone & S.W.Peterson
* Aspergillus floriformis Samson & Mouch.
* Aspergillus foeniculicola Udagawa
* Aspergillus foetidus Thom & Raper
* Aspergillus fonsecaeus Thom & Raper
* Aspergillus foveolatus Y.Horie
* Aspergillus frankstonensis Barrs, Talbot & Houbraken
* Aspergillus frequens Hubka, A.Nováková, M.Kolařík & S.W.Peterson
* Aspergillus fresenii Subram.
* Aspergillus fructus Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
* Aspergillus fruticans Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus fruticulosus Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus fujiokensis Sugiy.
* Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson
* 烟曲霉 Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen.
* Aspergillus fumisynnematus Y.Horie, Miyaji, Nishim., Taguchi & Udagawa
* Aspergillus funiculosus G.Sm.
* 加拉帕戈曲霉 Aspergillus galapagensis (Frisvad, S.B.Hong & Samson) Samson, Frisvad & Houbraken
* Aspergillus germanicus Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* 巨大曲霉 Aspergillus giganteus Wehmer
* Aspergillus glaber Blaser
* Aspergillus glabripes Sklenar, Jurjević & Hubka
* Aspergillus glaucoaffinis Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus glauconiveus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus glaucus (L.) Link
* Aspergillus gorakhpurensis Kamal & Bhargava
* Aspergillus gracilis Bainier
* Aspergillus granulatus Mosseray
* Aspergillus granulosus Raper & Thom
* Aspergillus griseoaurantiacus Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
* Aspergillus griseus Link
* Aspergillus gymnosardae Yukawa
* 海地曲霉 Aspergillus haitiensis Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus halophilicus M.Chr., Papav. & C.R.Benj.
* Aspergillus hancockii Pitt
* Aspergillus helicothrix Al-Musallam
* Aspergillus hennebergii Blochwitz
* Aspergillus heterocaryoticus C.M.Chr., L.C.López & C.R.Benj.
* Aspergillus heteromorphus Bat. & H.Maia
* Aspergillus heyangensis Z.T.Qi, Z.M.Sun & Yu X.Wang
* Aspergillus hiratsukae Udagawa, Tsub. & Y.Horie
* Aspergillus hollandicus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus homomorphus Steiman, Guiraud, Sage & Seigle-Mur. ex Samson & Frisvad
* 香港曲霉 Aspergillus hongkongensis C.C.Tsang, T.W.S.Hui, K.C.Lee, J.H.K.Chen, A.H.Y.Ngan, E.W.T.Tam, J.F.W.Chan, A.L.Wu, M.Cheung, B.P.H.Tse, A.K.L.Wu, C.K.C.Lai, D.N.C.Tsang, T.L.Que, C.W.Lam, K.Y.Yuen, S.K.P.Lau & P.C.Y.Woo
* Aspergillus hordei Sklenar, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
* Aspergillus huiyaniae Y.Horie, Matsuz., Abliz & Yaguchi
* Aspergillus humicola Chaudhuri & Sachar
* Aspergillus ibericus R.Serra, J.Cabañes & G.Perrone
* Aspergillus igneus Kozak.
* Aspergillus iizukae Sugiy.
* Aspergillus implicatus Persiani & Maggi
* Aspergillus indohii Y.Horie
* Aspergillus indologenus Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus inflatus (Stolk & Malla) Samson, Frisvad, Varga, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus infrequens Sklenar, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
* Aspergillus ingratus Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa
* Aspergillus insecticola Subram.
* Aspergillus insolitus (G.Sm.) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
* Aspergillus insuetus (Bainier) Thom & Church
* Aspergillus insulicola Montem. & A.R.Santiago
* Aspergillus intermedius Blaser
* Aspergillus inuii Sakag., Iizuka & M.Yamaz.
* Aspergillus iranicus Arzanlou, Houbraken & Samadi
* 以色列曲霉 Aspergillus israelensis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus itaconicus Kinosh.
* Aspergillus ivoriensis Bartoli & Maggi
* Aspergillus jaipurensis Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus janus Raper & Thom
* Aspergillus japonicus Saito
* Aspergillus jeanselmei N.Ota
* Aspergillus jensenii Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
* Aspergillus kalimae Tanney, Visagie & Seifert
* Aspergillus kambarensis Sugiy.
* Aspergillus kanagawaensis Nehira
* Aspergillus karnatakaensis Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus kassunensis Baghd.
* Aspergillus keratitidis (Wei L.Chen, Y.M.Ju, H.M.Hsieh, H.Y.Lin & F.R.Hu) Zalar & Wei L.Chen
* Aspergillus keveii Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus keveioides L.Wang
* Aspergillus koningii Oudem.
* Aspergillus koreanus Hyang B.Lee, T.T.Duong & T.T.Nguyen
* Aspergillus labruscus Fungaro, Sartori, Ferranti, Frisvad, Taniwaki & Iamanaka
* Aspergillus laciniosus S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus lacticoffeatus Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus lanosus Kamal & Bhargava
* Aspergillus latilabiatus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus latus (Thom & Raper) A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus lentulus Balajee & K.A.Marr
* Aspergillus leporis States & M.Chr.
* Aspergillus leucocarpus Hadlok & Stolk
* Aspergillus levisporus Hubka, A.J.Chen, Jurjević & Samson
* Aspergillus longivesica L.H.Huang & Raper
* Aspergillus loretoensis S.González-Martinez & A.Portillo-López
* Aspergillus lucknowensis J.N.Rai, J.P.Tewari & S.C.Agarwal
* Aspergillus luppiae Hubka, A.Nováková, M.Kolařík & S.W.Peterson
* Aspergillus luteoniger (M.L.Lutz) Thom & Church, 1926
* Aspergillus magnivesiculatus Sklenar, Zalar, Jurjević & Hubka
* Aspergillus malignus Gedoelst ex Lindt
* Aspergillus mallochii C.M.Visagie, N.Yilmaz & K.A.Seifert
* Aspergillus mangaliensis A.Nováková, Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus manginii Thom & Raper
* Aspergillus maritimus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus marvanovae Hubka, S.W.Peterson, Frisvad & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus medius R.Meissn.
* Aspergillus megasporus C.M.Visagie, N.Yilmaz & K.A.Seifert
* Aspergillus melleus Yukawa
* Aspergillus mellinus Novobr.
* Aspergillus microcephalus Mosseray
* Aspergillus microcysticus Sappa
* Aspergillus micronesiensis Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
* Aspergillus microperforatus J.P.Z.Siqueira, Deanna A.Sutton & J.Gené
* Aspergillus microthecius Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus minimus Wehmer
* Aspergillus minisclerotigenes Vaamonde, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus miraensis (L.C.Zhang, Juan Chen & S.X.Guo) Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus miyajii Y.Horie
* Aspergillus monodii (Locq.-Lin.) Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus montenegroi Y.Horie, Miyaji & Nishim.
* Aspergillus montevidensis Talice & J.A.Mackinnon
* Aspergillus mottae Soares, P.Rodrigues, S.W.Peterson, N.Lima & Venâncio
* Aspergillus movilensis A.Nováková, Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus multicolor Sappa
* Aspergillus multiplicatus Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa
* Aspergillus mulundensis G.F.Bills & J.C.Frisvad
* Aspergillus muricatus Udagawa, Uchiy. & Kamiya
* Aspergillus mutabilis Bainier & Sartory
* Aspergillus nakazawae Sakag., Iizuka & M.Yamaz.
* Aspergillus nanus Oudem.
* Aspergillus navahoensis M.Chr. & States
* Aspergillus neoalliaceus A.Nováková, Hubka, Samson, Frisvad & Houbraken
* Aspergillus neobridgeri Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus neocarnoyi Kozak.
* Aspergillus neoellipticus Kozak.
* Aspergillus neoflavipes Hubka, A.Nováková, M.Kolařík & S.W.Peterson
* Aspergillus neoglaber Kozak.
* Aspergillus neoniger Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus neoniveus Samson, S.W.Peterson, Frisvad & Varga
* 构巢曲霉 Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) G.Winter
* 黑曲霉 Aspergillus niger Tiegh.
* Aspergillus nishimurae Takada, Y.Horie & Abliz
* Aspergillus niveoglaucus Thom & Raper
* Aspergillus nomiae Kurtzman, B.W.Horn & Hesselt.
* Aspergillus noonimiae Tanney, Visagie & Seifert
* Aspergillus novofumigatus S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus novoguineensis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus novoparasiticus S.S.Gonç., Stchigel, Cano, Colombo & Guarro
* Aspergillus nutans McLennan & Ducker
* Aspergillus occultus Visagie, Seifert, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis Bat. & Maia
* Aspergillus ochraceoroseus Bartoli & Maggi
* Aspergillus ochraceus G.Wilh.
* Aspergillus oerlinghausenensis O.Bader & Houbraken
* Aspergillus oleicola Frisvad, Zalar & Samson
* 阿曼曲霉 Aspergillus omanensis Y.Horie & Udagawa
* Aspergillus ornatulus Samson & W.Gams
* 米曲霉 Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlb.) Cohn
* Aspergillus osmophilus Asgari & Zare
* Aspergillus ostianus Wehmer
* Aspergillus otanii Takada, Y.Horie & Abliz
* Aspergillus pachycaulis Sklenar, S.W.Peterson, Jurjević & Hubka
* Aspergillus pachycristatus Matsuz., Y.Horie & Yaguchi
* Aspergillus paleaceus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus pallidofulvus Visagie, Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus pallidus Kamyschko
* 巴拿马曲霉 Aspergillus panamensis Raper & Thom
* Aspergillus papuensis (Samson, S.B.Hong & Varga) Samson, S.B.Hong & Varga
* Aspergillus parafelis Sugui, S.W.Peterson & Kwon-Chung
* Aspergillus parasiticus Speare
* Aspergillus parvathecius Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus parviverruculosus H.Z.Kong & Z.T.Qi
* Aspergillus parvulus G.Sm.
* Aspergillus paulistensis Y.Horie, Miyaji & Nishim.
* Aspergillus penicilliformis Kamyschko
* 青霉状曲霉 Aspergillus penicillioides Speg.
* Aspergillus pepii Despot, Kocsubé, Varga & Klarić
* Aspergillus periconioides Sacc.
* Aspergillus pernambucoensis Y.Horie, Matsuz., Yaguchi & Y.Takaki
* Aspergillus persii A.M.Corte & Zotti
* Aspergillus petersonii Jurjević & Hubka
* Aspergillus petrakii Vörös-Felkai
* Aspergillus peyronelii Sappa
* Aspergillus phialiseptatus Kwon-Chung
* Aspergillus phialisepticus Kwon-Chung
* Aspergillus pidoplichkovii Bilaĭ & Koval
* Aspergillus pipericola Frisvad, Samson & Houbraken
* Aspergillus piperis Samson & Frisvad
* Aspergillus pisce (A.D.Hocking & Pitt) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
* Aspergillus pluriseminatus (Stchigel & Guarro) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus polyporicola Hubka, A.Nováková, M.Kolařík & S.W.Peterson
* Aspergillus porosus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus porphyreostipitatus Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
* Aspergillus posadasensis Y.Marín, Stchigel & Cano
* Aspergillus pragensis Hubka, Frisvad & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus primulinus Udagawa, Toyaz. & Tsub.
* Aspergillus proliferans G.Sm.
* Aspergillus protuberus Munt.-Cvetk.
* Aspergillus pseudocaelatus Varga, Samson & Frisvad
* Aspergillus pseudodeflectus Samson & Mouch.
* Aspergillus pseudoelegans Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus pseudofelis Sugui, S.W.Peterson & Kwon-Chung
* Aspergillus pseudoglaucus Blochwitz
* Aspergillus pseudogracilis Sklenar, Jurjević & Hubka
* Aspergillus pseudonomiae Varga, Samson & Frisvad
* Aspergillus pseudosclerotiorum Siqueira, Deanna A.Sutton & Gené
* Aspergillus pseudotamarii Yoko Ito, S.W.Peterson, Wicklow & T.Goto
* Aspergillus pseudoterreus S.W.Peterson, Samson & Varga
* Aspergillus pseudoustus Frisvad, Varga & Samson
* Aspergillus pseudoviridinutans Sugui, S.W.Peterson & Kwon-Chung
* Aspergillus pulvericola Visagie, Seifert, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus pulverulentus (McAlpine) Thom
* Aspergillus pulvinus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
* Aspergillus puniceus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
* Aspergillus purpureus Samson & Mouch.
* Aspergillus puulaauensis Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
* Aspergillus qinqixianii Y.Horie, Abliz & R.Y.Li
* Aspergillus qizutongii D.M.Li, Y.Horie, Yu X.Wang & R.Y.Li
* Aspergillus quadricinctus E.Yuill
* Aspergillus quadricingens Kozak.
* Aspergillus quadrilineatus Thom & Raper
* Aspergillus raianus H.J.Chowdhery
* Aspergillus rambellii Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus raperi Stolk & J.A.Mey.
* Aspergillus recurvatus Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus repens (Corda) Sacc.
* Aspergillus restrictus G.Sm.
* Aspergillus reticulatus Sklenar, Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
* Aspergillus rhizopodus J.N.Rai, Wadhwani & S.C.Agarwal
* Aspergillus robustus M.Chr. & Raper
* Aspergillus roseoglobulosus Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus roseovelutinus Kamyschko
* Aspergillus roseus Link ex Berk.
* Aspergillus ruber (Jos.König, Spieck. & W.Bremer) Thom & Church
* Aspergillus rubrobrunneus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus rugulosus Thom & Raper
* Aspergillus rugulovalvus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus saccharolyticus A.Sørensen, P.S.Lübeck & Frisvad
* Aspergillus saitoi Sakag., Iizuka & M.Yamaz. ex Iizuka & K.Sugiy.
* Aspergillus salinarum (Greiner, Peršoh, Weig & Rambold) Zalar & Greiner
* Aspergillus salinicola Zalar, Sklenar, Visagie & Hubka
* Aspergillus salisburgensis Zalar, L.Martinelli & G.Piñar
* Aspergillus salviicola Udagawa, Kamiya & Tsub.
* Aspergillus salwaensis Visagie, Houbraken, Fotedar, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus savannensis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus sclerogenus Dadal.
* Aspergillus sclerotialis (W.Gams & Breton) Houbraken, Tanney, Visagie & Samson
* Aspergillus sclerotiicarbonarius Noonim, Frisvad, Varga & Samson
* Aspergillus sclerotioniger Samson & Frisvad
* Aspergillus sclerotiorum G.A.Huber
* Aspergillus sepultus Tuthill & M.Chr.
* Aspergillus sergii P.Rodrigues, S.W.Peterson, Venâncio & N.Lima
* Aspergillus serratalhadensis L.F.Oliveira, R.N.Barbosa, G.M.R.Albuq., Souza-Motta & Viana Marques
* Aspergillus sesamicola Visagie, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus shendaweii (Yaguchi, Abliz & Y.Horie) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
* 暹罗曲霉 Aspergillus siamensis Manoch, Eamvijarn & Yaguchi
* Aspergillus silvaticus Fennell & Raper
* Aspergillus similanensis Dethoup
* 相似曲霉 Aspergillus similis (Y.Horie, Udagawa, Abdullah & Al-Bader) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus sloanii Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
* 酱油曲霉 Aspergillus sojae Sakag. & K.Yamada ex Murak.
* Aspergillus solicola Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus sparsus Raper & Thom
* Aspergillus spathulatus Takada & Udagawa
* Aspergillus spectabilis M.Chr. & Raper
* Aspergillus spelaeus A.Nováková, Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus spelunceus Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus spiculosus Blaser
* Aspergillus spinosus Kozak.
* Aspergillus spinulosporus Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus spinulosus Warcup
* Aspergillus stella-maris Zalar, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus stellatus Curzi
* Aspergillus stellifer Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus stercorarius A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus steynii Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus stramenius R.O.Novak & Raper
* Aspergillus striatulus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus striatus J.N.Rai, J.P.Tewari & Mukerji
* Aspergillus stromatoides Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus subalbidus Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
* Aspergillus subflavus Hubka, A.Nováková, Samson, Frisvad & Houbraken
* Aspergillus sublatus Y.Horie
* Aspergillus sublevisporus Someya, Yaguchi & Udagawa
* Aspergillus subnutans A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus subolivaceus Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus subramanianii Visagie, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus subsessilis Raper & Fennell
* Aspergillus subunguis Wadhwani, Dudeja & M.P.Srivast.
* Aspergillus subversicolor Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
* Aspergillus sulphureoviridis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus sulphureus (Fresen.) Wehmer, 1901
* Aspergillus suttoniae J.P.Z.Siqueira, J.Gené, D.García & J.Guarro
* Aspergillus sydowii (Bainier & Sartory) Thom & Church
* Aspergillus taichungensis Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa
* Aspergillus takakii Y.Horie, Abliz & K.Fukush.
* Aspergillus taklimakanensis Abliz & Y.Horie
* Aspergillus tamarii Kita
* Aspergillus tamarindosoli A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus tanneri Kwon-Chung, Sugui & S.W.Peterson
* Aspergillus tapirirae C.Ram & A.Ram
* Aspergillus tardicrescens Sklenar, Houbraken, Zalar & Hubka
* Aspergillus tardus Bissett & Widden
* Aspergillus tasmanicus Hubka, Kubátová, Frisvad & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus tatenoi Y.Horie, Miyaji, Koji Yokoy., Udagawa & Camp.-Takagi
* Aspergillus templicola Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
* Aspergillus tennesseensis Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
* Aspergillus teporis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus terreus Thom
* Aspergillus terricola Marchal & É.J.Marchal
* Aspergillus testaceocolorans Novobr.
* Aspergillus texensis P.Singh, M.J.Orbach & P.J.Cotty
* 泰国曲霉 Aspergillus thailandensis Tanney, Visagie & Seifert
* Aspergillus thesauricus Hubka & A.Nováková
* Aspergillus thomii G.Sm.
* Aspergillus togoensis (Henn.) Samson & Seifert
* Aspergillus tonophilus Ohtsuki
* Aspergillus transcarpathicus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus transmontanensis P.Rodrigues, S.W.Peterson, N.Lima & Venâncio
* Aspergillus trinidadensis Jurjević, G.Perrone & S.W.Peterson
* Aspergillus trisporus Souza, Pereira, Moreira & Batista
* Aspergillus tritici B.S.Mehrotra & M.Basu
* Aspergillus tsunodae (Yaguchi, Abliz & Y.Horie) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
* Aspergillus tsurutae Y.Horie
* Aspergillus tuberculatus Z.T.Qi & Z.M.Sun
* Aspergillus tubingensis Mosseray
* Aspergillus tumidus J.P.Z.Siqueira, Gené, Dania García & Guarro
* Aspergillus turcosus S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus turkensis Varga, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus udagawae Y.Horie, Miyaji & Nishim.
* Aspergillus umbrosus Bainier & Sartory
* Aspergillus undulatus H.Z.Kong & Z.T.Qi
* Aspergillus unguis (Émile-Weill & L.Gaudin) Thom & Raper
* Aspergillus unilateralis Thrower
* Aspergillus urmiensis Arzanlou, Houbraken & Samadi
* Aspergillus ustus (Bainier) Thom & Church
* Aspergillus uvarum G.Perrone, Varga & Kozak.
* Aspergillus vadensis Samson, R.P.de Vries, Frisvad & J.Visser
* Aspergillus vandermerwei Frisvad, Hubka, Samson & Houbraken
* Aspergillus varians Wehmer
* Aspergillus venenatus Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
* Aspergillus venezuelensis Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus versicolor (Vuill.) Tirab.
* Aspergillus villosus Sklenar, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
* Aspergillus vinosobubalinus Udagawa, Kamiya & Kaori Osada
* Aspergillus violaceobrunneus Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus violaceofuscus Gasperini
* Aspergillus violaceus Fennell & Raper
* Aspergillus virens Link
* Aspergillus viridicatenatus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus viridinutans Ducker & Thrower
* Aspergillus vitellinus (Ridl.) Samson & Seifert
* Aspergillus waksmanii Hubka, S.W.Peterson, Frisvad & M.Kolařík
* Aspergillus wangduanlii D.M.Li, Y.Horie, Yu X.Wang & R.Y.Li
* Aspergillus warcupii Samson & W.Gams
* Aspergillus waynelawii Tanney, Visagie & Seifert
* Aspergillus wentii Wehmer
* Aspergillus westerdijkiae Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus westlandensis Visagie, Varga, M.Meijer & Frisvad
* Aspergillus whitfieldii Tanney, Visagie & Seifert
* 威斯康星曲霉 Aspergillus wisconsinensis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
* Aspergillus wyomingensis A.Nováková, Dudová & Hubka
* Aspergillus xerophilus Samson & Mouch.
* Aspergillus zhaoqingensis Z.T.Qi & Z.M.Sun
* Aspergillus zutongqii A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
==生长及分化==
番茄上的曲霉
曲霉属为不完全菌（尚未发现其有性态的真菌）的属。然而，其中有些种类已发现其有性态，且其有性态被归类为子囊菌门，所以，借由DNA证据，曲霉属被归类于子囊菌门中。
该属的成员皆具有能够在高渗透压环境中生长的能力，且该属的物种都非常好氧，常常能在氧气充足的环境下找到他们，并观察到他们呈现菌丝型态。正常来说，其菌体喜欢生长在碳源丰富的基质，像单糖或多糖丰富的地方。曲霉属常常为淀粉类食物（面包、米、马铃薯……）的污染源，也生长于许多植物及树种上。
除了生长于营养丰富的基质上以外，曲霉属中的许多物种皆可在营养缺乏或缺少关键养分的环境中进行寡营养生长。黑曲霉是最好的例子，往往可以在潮湿的墙壁上发现它的踪影，为造成白粉病的主要菌种。
曲霉属有时也可以在枕头中发现大量的菌株。
==商业上的重要性==
许多 Penicillium、Aspergillus spp. 含其他在无菌培养基上培养的真菌
Botanical Museum Greifswald
曲霉属在医学上及商业上皆具重要性，有些种类亦可以感染人类及其他动物。有些种类为动物的感染源已被研究多年，而其他在动物体中发现的物种却被视为对疾病的特定新物种，甚至还有一些为腐生菌。曲霉属中超过60种的菌已被认为是医学相关的病原菌种。对人类，许多造成感染，如外耳炎、皮肤病变、及溃疡的菌种已被发现。
其他物种对商业上的微生物发酵非常重要。例如，相较于一般制酒法，清酒的制造过程还需要经过一步将淀粉分解为简单糖类的程序。相较于一般常用来制酒的酵母属，它可以分解结构较复杂的淀粉（酵母属仅能分解简单糖类，如葡萄糖）。因此，日本的清酒就需要将稻米经过米曲霉的处理。
该属的成员也可以应用于医学上以治疗疾病。
黑曲霉最大的应用为制造柠檬酸，世界上99%的柠檬酸产量都是从它而来，每年约可生产140万吨的柠檬酸。黑曲霉也常被用来制造酵素，包括葡萄糖氧化酶、溶菌酶及乳糖酶。而在上述的例子中，它很少被培养在固态基质上，比较常被培养为生物反应中的淹没培养物，如此一来，我们便可以直接掌握参数，以达到最大生产量。这制程使分离酵素及医疗用的化学成分更为简单，因次造成更大的经济效益。
== 研究 ==
A. nidulans实验室菌株、一个相似的突变菌株，它具有绿色色素、一个A. oryzae菌株，用来发酵黄豆、A. oryzae RIB40
在电子显微镜放大235倍下的曲霉
小巢状曲霉（异名构巢裸胞壳）已被拿来做研究许多年了，而Guido Pontecorvo也拿它来展示真菌的假有性生殖。最近，小巢状曲霉的基因于博劳德研究所的实验中被定序出来，为他们的创举之一。到了2008年，有七个曲霉属的物种被接续定序出来：具有工业价值的黑曲霉（两个族系）、米曲霉、土曲霉, 和病原体棒曲霉、费雪氏曲霉、黄曲霉和烟曲霉（两个族系）。费雪氏曲霉几乎不会有病原的特性，但和与其相似的烟曲霉具有高度的相关性，为了更进一步的了解烟曲霉的病源特性而将他定序出来。
===有性生殖===
在曲霉属的250个物种中，约有64%的菌种未发现其有性态。然而，当的许多物种似乎有著尚未被辨认的有性生殖阶段。有性生殖在真菌中以两种不同的方式呈现，分别为异交（异丝型真菌）两个独立个体各贡献一个细胞核, 还有自体受精或自交（同丝型真菌）两个细胞核皆由同一个个体贡献。最近几年，有性循环在许多当初被认定为无性的物种中被发现。这些发现反映出近期的实验大多聚焦在和人类有关联的物种上。
烟曲霉是最常见造成人类免疫缺失疾病的物种。在2009年，烟曲霉被展现出其功能完整的异丝型有性生殖循环。此有性循环需要借由独立出来的配对型来完成。
黄曲霉是广泛于作物中产生致癌的黄曲毒素主要制造者。也有机会成为人体或动物的病源，于免疫功能不足的个体造成病害。在2009年，该异丝型真菌的有性生殖阶段于适当的条件下被发现，当中出现不同的配对型结合。
Aspergillus lentulus是一种有机会造成侵入性曲霉症的人体病源，该疾病的死亡率甚高。在2003年，Aspergillus lentulus被发现有异丝型、具有功能的有性配种构造。
土曲霉常被应用于工业以制造重要的有机酸和酵素，并且是制造降胆固醇药物lovastatin最初的重要来源。在2013年，土曲霉被发现在适当的培养条件下有能力产生不同的配对型，进行有性繁殖。
这些有关曲霉属物种的发现正随著证据（从其他真核生物的研究中，有性生殖是所有真核生物最有可能的形式）的累积而持续中。
小巢状曲霉是一种同丝型真菌，有能力自体繁殖，自交牵扯到与异交物种同样的配对特性的激活，也就是说自体繁殖并没有省略异交必要的途径，而是需要在单一个体中激活这些途径。
在这些曲霉属物种的有性循环中，同丝型（自体繁殖）在自然界中以压到性的比例存在。这个观察支持了曲霉属的物种大多得以在较少的基因多样性条件下仍然保有其性生殖的是因为其同丝型字体繁殖的关系」的说法。烟曲霉，一个广泛存在于各种气候及环境中的异丝型（异交）真菌，同时也展现出微小的基因多样性，无论地理区域或世界规模，这个例子一样可以支持在微小的基因差异下仍可维持有性态，而这次是异交。
=== 基因体学 ===
在2005年，《自然》期刊上同时发表的三份曲霉属的基因序列，使该属被认定为是在比较基因体的研究上最为重要的丝状真菌属。像大部分的主要基因体计划，这些成就是由一个巨大的定序中心以及个别的科学家团体合作而来的。例如，基因研究机构（TIGR）和烟曲霉研究团体合作。小巢状曲霉在此大机构中被定序出来。米曲霉在日本的先进工业科学及科技国家研究机构中被定序出来。能量部门的基因体联合机构发布了柠檬酸产酸菌株黑曲霉的基因序列库。TIGR 现在被改称为J. Craig Venter Institute, 目前在领导一项黄曲霉基因序的研究计划。
曲霉属被定序的基因体大小分布大约从烟曲霉的29.3 Mb到米曲霉的37.1 Mb，然而v本来被预估有9926Mb，而米曲霉本来被预估有12,071Mb。至于产酶菌株黑曲霉的基因体大小为33.9 Mb，介于两者之间。
==致病菌==
有些曲霉属的物种造成人体及动物疾病。最常见的病原菌是烟曲霉和黄曲霉，他们制造黄曲毒素（是毒素亦是致癌物，并可污染如坚果类的食物）。最常见造成过敏反应的物种是烟曲霉和棒曲霉。其他物种在农业病害非常重要，Aspergillus spp. 造成许多谷物的疾病（尤其玉米），还有些变种能制造霉菌毒素，其中包含黄曲毒素。还有一些会导致新生儿疾病。
烟曲霉（最常见的物种）造成的感染主要是肺部的感染，并且有可能由肺吲发炎造成快速的细胞坏死，也有传播的可能性。这物种可和其他霉菌感染区别，基于它无论在环境还是宿主都是以菌丝态存在。（不像白色念珠菌为二型性，在环境为菌丝态而在宿主为酵母态）
== 曲霉症 ==
肺上的aspergillosis
是由曲霉属造成的疾病. 与常见的鼻窦炎相关的物种为烟曲霉。此症状包含发烧、咳嗽、胸腔疼痛、或呼吸困难，和其他疾病的症状类似，所以不好诊断出来。通常只有在患者的免疫系统功能低落或受到其他肺部感染的人容易染上这些菌。
在人体，主要的疾病形式有：
* 呼吸道过敏性曲霉症：造成病人呼吸道疾病，如哮喘、囊性纤维化、及鼻窦炎
* 急性侵入性曲霉症：一个长进周遭组织的形式，通常发生于免疫功能低下的人身上，如 AIDS或化疗患者
* 传播性侵入性曲霉症：一种能扩散至全身的感染
* 曲霉球：一种可以在腔室中(如肺)形成的「真菌球」
在空气中曲霉症的传染途径也常常经由鸟类，而许多曲霉属的物种也被发现能感染昆虫。