【拟杆菌属】
拟杆菌属，又称为类杆菌属（学名：Bacteroides），是细菌中的一个属，是人类大肠中的非病原性优势菌种。
拟杆菌属被归类在革兰氏阴性菌和专性厌氧菌中。不同于其他细菌的是，拟杆菌属的细胞膜上带有鞘磷脂。这一细菌种类中以松脆类杆菌较为有名。
==下属物种==
本属包括以下物种：
* 产酸拟杆菌 Bacteroides acidifaciens Miyamoto and Itoh 2000
* Bacteroides amylophilus Hamlin and Hungate 1956
* Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977
* Bacteroides barnesiae Lan et al., 2006
* Bacteroides bivius Holdeman and Johnson 1977
* Bacteroides buccae Holdeman et al., 1982
* Bacteroides buccalis Shah and Collins 1982
* 粪拟杆菌 Bacteroides caccae Johnson et al., 1986
* Bacteroides caecicola Irisawa et al., 2016
* Bacteroides caecigallinarum Saputra et al., 2015
* Bacteroides caecimuris Lagkouvardos et al., 2016
* 多毛拟杆菌 Bacteroides capillosus (Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957
* Bacteroides capillus Kornman and Holt 1982
* Bacteroides cellulosilyticus Robert et al., 2007
* 溶纤维素拟杆菌 Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al., 1984
* Bacteroides chinchillae Kitahara et al., 2011
* Bacteroides clarus Watanabe et al., 2010
* Bacteroides coagulans Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
* Bacteroides coprocola Kitahara et al., 2005
* Bacteroides coprophilus Hayashi et al., 2007
* Bacteroides coprosuis Whitehead et al., 2005
* Bacteroides corporis Johnson and Holdeman 1983
* Bacteroides denticola Shah and Collins 1982
* Bacteroides disiens Holdeman and Johnson 1977
* Bacteroides distasonis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
* Bacteroides dorei Bakir et al., 2006
* 埃氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides eggerthii Holdeman and Moore 1974
* Bacteroides endodontalis van Steenbergen et al., 1984
* Bacteroides faecalis Yu et al., 2019
* Bacteroides faecichinchillae Kitahara et al., 2012
* Bacteroides faecis Kim et al., 2010
* Bacteroides finegoldii Bakir et al., 2006
* Bacteroides fluxus Watanabe et al., 2010
* 福赛斯拟杆菌 Bacteroides forsythus Tanner et al., 1986
* 脆弱拟杆菌 Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani and Chalmers 1919
* Bacteroides furcosus (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al., 1937
* Bacteroides galacturonicus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
* Bacteroides gallinaceum Irisawa et al., 2016
* Bacteroides gallinarum Lan et al., 2006
* Bacteroides gingivalis Coykendall et al., 1980
* Bacteroides goldsteinii Song et al., 2006
* 纤细拟杆菌 Bacteroides gracilis Tanner et al., 1981
* Bacteroides graminisolvens Nishiyama et al., 2009
* Bacteroides helcogenes Benno et al., 1983
* Bacteroides heparinolyticus Okuda et al., 1985
* Bacteroides hypermegas Harrison and Hansen 1963
* Bacteroides intermedius (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
* Bacteroides intestinalis Bakir et al., 2006
* Bacteroides koreensis Shin et al., 2017
* Bacteroides kribbi Shin et al., 2017
* 利氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides levii (ex Holdeman et al., 1977) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
* Bacteroides loescheii Holdeman and Johnson 1982
* Bacteroides luti Hatamoto et al., 2014
* Bacteroides macacae (Slots and Genco 1980) Coykendall et al., 1980
* Bacteroides massiliensis Fenner et al., 2005
* 产黑色素拟杆菌 Bacteroides melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry 1921) Roy and Kelly 1939
* 屎拟杆菌 Bacteroides merdae Johnson et al., 1986
* Bacteroides microfusus Kaneuchi and Mitsuoka 1978
* Bacteroides multiacidus Mitsuoka et al., 1974
* Bacteroides nodosus (Beveridge 1941) Mraz 1963
* Bacteroides nordii Song et al., 2005
* Bacteroides ochraceus (Prévot et al., 1956) Holdeman and Moore 1972
* Bacteroides oleiciplenus Watanabe et al., 2010
* Bacteroides oralis Loesche et al., 1964
* Bacteroides oris Holdeman et al., 1982
* Bacteroides oulorum Shah et al., 1985
* 卵形拟杆菌 Bacteroides ovatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
* Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus Ueki et al., 2011
* Bacteroides pectinophilus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
* Bacteroides pentosaceus Shah and Collins 1982
* Bacteroides plebeius Kitahara et al., 2005
* 侵肺拟杆菌 Bacteroides pneumosintes (Olitsky and Gates 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970
* Bacteroides polypragmatus Patel and Breuil 1982
* Bacteroides praeacutus (Tissier 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970
* Bacteroides propionicifaciens Ueki et al., 2008
* Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al., 1937) Kelly 1957
* Bacteroides pyogenes Benno et al., 1983
* Bacteroides reticulotermitis Sakamoto and Ohkuma 2013
* Bacteroides rodentium Kitahara et al., 2011
* 赤拟杆菌 Bacteroides ruber
* Bacteroides ruminicola Bryant et al., 1958
* Bacteroides salanitronis Lan et al., 2006
* Bacteroides salivosus Love et al., 1987
* Bacteroides salyersae Song et al., 2005
* Bacteroides salyersiae corrig. Song et al., 2005
* Bacteroides sartorii Clavel et al., 2010
* Bacteroides splanchnicus Werner et al., 1975
* Bacteroides stercorirosoris Kitahara et al., 2012
* 粪便拟杆菌 Bacteroides stercoris Johnson et al., 1986
* Bacteroides succinogenes Hungate 1950
* 猪拟杆菌 Bacteroides suis Benno et al., 1983
* 隐蔽拟杆菌 Bacteroides tectum Love et al., 1986
* Bacteroides tectus corrig. Love et al., 1986
* Bacteroides termitidis (Sebald, 1962) Holdeman and Moore, 1970
* 多形拟杆菌 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Distaso 1912) Castellani and Chalmers 1919
* 同型拟杆菌 Bacteroides uniformis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933，单形拟杆菌
* 解脲拟杆菌 Bacteroides urealtyicus
* Bacteroides ureolyticus Jackson and Goodman 1978
* Bacteroides veroralis Watabe et al., 1983
* 普通拟杆菌 Bacteroides vulgatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
* Bacteroides xylanisolvens Chassard et al., 2008
* Bacteroides xylanolyticus Scholten-Koerselman et al., 1988
* Bacteroides zoogleoformans (Weinberg et al., 1937) Cato et al., 1982
==参考文献==