Protein: Mu-type opioid receptor (M-OR-1) (MOR-1) (P42866)
Organism: Mus musculus (Mouse)
Function: Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone. Also activated by enkephalin peptides, such as Met-enkephalin or Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, with higher affinity for Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe. Agonist binding to the receptor induces coupling to an inactive GDP-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex and subsequent exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex with the free GTP-bound G-protein alpha and the G-protein beta-gamma dimer activating downstream cellular effectors. The agonist- and cell type-specific activity is predominantly coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G(i) and G(o) G alpha proteins, GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3 and GNAO1 isoforms Alpha-1 and Alpha-2, and to a lesser extent to pertussis toxin-insensitive G alpha proteins GNAZ and GNA15. They mediate an array of downstream cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and both N-type and L-type calcium channels, activation of inward rectifying potassium channels, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC), phosphoinositide/protein kinase (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and regulation of NF-kappa-B (By similarity). Also couples to adenylate cyclase stimulatory G alpha proteins (By similarity). The selective temporal coupling to G-proteins and subsequent signaling can be regulated by RGSZ proteins, such as RGS9, RGS17 and RGS4. Phosphorylation by members of the GPRK subfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases and association with beta-arrestins is involved in short-term receptor desensitization (By similarity). Beta-arrestins associate with the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and uncouple it from the G-protein thus terminating signal transduction (By similarity). The phosphorylated receptor is internalized through endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits which involves beta-arrestins. The activation of the ERK pathway occurs either in a G-protein-dependent or a beta-arrestin-dependent manner and is regulated by agonist-specific receptor phosphorylation (By similarity). Acts as a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) which dissociates from beta-arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergoes rapid recycling (By similarity). Receptor down-regulation pathways are varying with the agonist and occur dependent or independent of G-protein coupling. Endogenous ligands induce rapid desensitization, endocytosis and recycling (By similarity). Heterooligomerization with other GPCRs can modulate agonist binding, signaling and trafficking properties (By similarity).
Subcellular location: Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12642578, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22437502, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7797593}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12642578, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22437502, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26245379, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7797593}. Cell projection, axon {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97266}. Perikaryon {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97266}. Cell projection, dendrite {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97266}. Endosome {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97266}. Note=Is rapidly internalized after agonist binding. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97266}.
Interaction partners:
- Pro-opiomelanocortin
- Proenkephalin-A
- Beta-arrestin-2
- Beta-arrestin-1
- Proenkephalin-B
- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G
- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G
- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4
- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G
Sequence:
MDSSAGPGNISDCSDPLAPASCSPAPGSWLNLSHVDGNQSDPCGPNRTGLGGSHSLCPQTGSPSMVTAITIMALYSIVCVVGLFGNFLVMYVIVRYTKMKTATNIYIFNLALADALATSTLPFQSVNYLMGTWPFGNILCKIVISIDYYNMFTSIFTLCTMSVDRYIAVCHPVKALDFRTPRNAKIVNVCNWILSSAIGLPVMFMATTKYRQGSIDCTLTFSHPTWYWENLLKICVFIFAFIMPVLIITVCYGLMILRLKSVRMLSGSKEKDRNLRRITRMVLVVVAVFIVCWTPIHIYVIIKALITIPETTFQTVSWHFCIALGYTNSCLNPVLYAFLDENFKRCFREFCIPTSSTIEQQNSARIRQNTREHPSTANTVDRTNHQLENLEAETAPLP