Protein: Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit (DNA-binding factor KBF2) (H2TF1) (Lymphocyte translocation chromosome 10 protein) (Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2) (Oncogene Lyt-10) (Lyt10) [Cleaved into: Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p52 subunit] (Q00653)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. In a non-canonical activation pathway, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. The NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RelB-p52 complex is a transcriptional activator. The NF-kappa-B p52-p52 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor. NFKB2 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p100 and generation of p52 by a cotranslational processing. The proteasome-mediated process ensures the production of both p52 and p100 and preserves their independent function. p52 binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of genes involved in immune response and acute phase reactions. p52 and p100 are respectively the minor and major form; the processing of p100 being relatively poor. Isoform p49 is a subunit of the NF-kappa-B protein complex, which stimulates the HIV enhancer in synergy with p65. In concert with RELB, regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer.
Subcellular location: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Nuclear, but also found in the cytoplasm in an inactive form complexed to an inhibitor (I-kappa-B).
Interaction partners:
- Transcription factor p65
- Transcription factor RelB
- Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
- Proto-oncogene c-Rel
- B-cell lymphoma 3 protein
- Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha
- NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha
- NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14
- F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1A
Sequence:
MESCYNPGLDGIIEYDDFKLNSSIVEPKEPAPETADGPYLVIVEQPKQRGFRFRYGCEGPSHGGLPGASSEKGRKTYPTVKICNYEGPAKIEVDLVTHSDPPRAHAHSLVGKQCSELGICAVSVGPKDMTAQFNNLGVLHVTKKNMMGTMIQKLQRQRLRSRPQGLTEAEQRELEQEAKELKKVMDLSIVRLRFSAFLRASDGSFSLPLKPVISQPIHDSKSPGASNLKISRMDKTAGSVRGGDEVYLLCDKVQKDDIEVRFYEDDENGWQAFGDFSPTDVHKQYAIVFRTPPYHKMKIERPVTVFLQLKRKRGGDVSDSKQFTYYPLVEDKEEVQRKRRKALPTFSQPFGGGSHMGGGSGGAAGGYGGAGGGGSLGFFPSSLAYSPYQSGAGPMGCYPGGGGGAQMAATVPSRDSGEEAAEPSAPSRTPQCEPQAPEMLQRAREYNARLFGLAQRSARALLDYGVTADARALLAGQRHLLTAQDENGDTPLHLAIIHGQTSVIEQIVYVIHHAQDLGVVNLTNHLHQTPLHLAVITGQTSVVSFLLRVGADPALLDRHGDSAMHLALRAGAGAPELLRALLQSGAPAVPQLLHMPDFEGLYPVHLAVRARSPECLDLLVDSGAEVEATERQGGRTALHLATEMEELGLVTHLVTKLRANVNARTFAGNTPLHLAAGLGYPTLTRLLLKAGADIHAENEEPLCPLPSPPTSDSDSDSEGPEKDTRSSFRGHTPLDLTCSTKVKTLLLNAAQNTMEPPLTPPSPAGPGLSLGDTALQNLEQLLDGPEAQGSWAELAERLGLRSLVDTYRQTTSPSGSLLRSYELAGGDLAGLLEALSDMGLEEGVRLLRGPETRDKLPSTAEVKEDSAYGSQSVEQEAEKLGPPPEPPGGLCHGHPQPQVH