Protein: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) (Cyclooxygenase-2) (COX-2) (Glucocorticoid-regulated inflammatory cyclooxygenase) (Gripghs) (Macrophage activation-associated marker protein P71/73) (PES-2) (PHS II) (Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2) (PGH synthase 2) (PGHS-2) (Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) (TIS10 protein) (Q05769)
Organism: Mus musculus (Mouse)
Function: Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate, with a particular role in the inflammatory response. The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates arachidonate (AA, C20:4(n-6)) to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide PGH2, the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons. Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (By similarity). In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (By similarity). Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (By similarity). Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (By similarity). Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation. Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2. In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (By similarity). In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (By similarity). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia.
Subcellular location: Microsome membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9545330}; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9545330}; Peripheral membrane protein. Nucleus inner membrane {ECO:0000305|PubMed:9545330}; Peripheral membrane protein. Nucleus outer membrane {ECO:0000305|PubMed:9545330}; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Detected on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P35354}.
Interaction partners:
- Prostaglandin E synthase
- Prostacyclin synthase
- Prostaglandin E synthase 2
- Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase
- Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
- Cytosolic phospholipase A2
- Prostaglandin E synthase 3
- Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase
- Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase
Sequence:
MLFRAVLLCAALGLSQAANPCCSNPCQNRGECMSTGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCTTPEFLTRIKLLLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGVWNIVNNIPFLRSLIMKYVLTSRSYLIDSPPTYNVHYGYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVADDCPTPMGVKGNKELPDSKEVLEKVLLRREFIPDPQGSNMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPGFTRGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLDRQHKLRLFKDGKLKYQVIGGEVYPPTVKDTQVEMIYPPHIPENLQFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCDILKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNQQFQYQNRIASEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFNIEDQEYSFKQFLYNNSILLEHGLTQFVESFTRQIAGRVAGGRNVPIAVQAVAKASIDQSREMKYQSLNEYRKRFSLKPYTSFEELTGEKEMAAELKALYSDIDVMELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVELGAPFSLKGLMGNPICSPQYWKPSTFGGEVGFKIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFNVQDPQPTKTATINASASHSRLDDINPTVLIKRRSTEL