Protein: Serine/threonine-protein kinase atr (Xatr) (EC 2.7.11.1) (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein) (Q9DE14)
Organism: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Function: Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism.
Subcellular location: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11069891}. Chromosome {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q13535}. Nucleus envelope {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q13535}. Note=Recruited to chromatin during S-phase. Redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage, hypoxia or replication fork stalling. Relocalizes to the nuclear envelope in response to mechanical stress or DNA damage. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q13535}.
Interaction partners:
Sequence:
MATDPGLEMASMIPALRELASAGAEEYNTTVQKPRQILCQFIDRILTDVDVVAVELSKNTDSQPSSVMLLDFIQHIMKSTPLMFLSANNGDQSAETNQNCVAFSNWIISRLLRIGATPSCKALHRKIAEVIRSLLFLFKNKSSFLFGVFTKDLLHLFEDLIYIHEQNMEKSVVWPVTISRFLSNASENQTYLRCTQFQLLNMQNIEPLESTLLMVLMDNEHDISPVFFQRQNLLLWGIGCSLLDYGSTPLKIQALHFLRQLIKLGGPPEQGAYFFFIVFFGILTCIKDMDLEEVSLYEMPLLKLVKVLFPFESKSYLNIEPVYLNMLLEKLAALFDGGILSNIQSAPLKEALCYMVHYFLSIVPPGYESAKEVREAHVRCICRAFVDVLGLQSKQEYLVCPLHEALRIENLVFMQQQRMQPLSTDSEGGGSSSSDEVQEKRPRLSLTAKPLRRNTPSVPAPVDMKTKSILWKAVSAKFSSILCKLEGDEVTDEEMVSLLEGLNTTVRVAALNTVHIFTNDSTDTDQLVSDLSNTSGIQSVEIVPHVFWLSPEDILKILKICRKVLDSAHQRANINDILMKIIKIFDAILYIHAGNRLNDQTLKDLCSMISLPWLQNHSNHASFKVASFDPTLMTISERIGQHYSPEIQSQLVFLLCLFPKMLCPEWRLAVYQWALDSPHEIVRARCIKGFPVLLCNVSQQGYGPIPKILIDCLNDASELVKKELANSVGMFASGLACGFELQYSPTAPTAAESEFLCSSLTVTALPSSKLSRMTASALKPFLALLNRNMPSSVKMAFIENMPMLFAHLSLEKDDLDSRTVIESLLNLMEDPDKDVRTAFSGNIKHLLACADCEDGYLKEIVVSRMKKAYTDAKMSRDNEMKDTLILTTGDIGRAAKGELVPFALLHLLHCLLSKSPCVAGASYTEIRSLAAAKSTSLHIFFSQYKKPICQFLIESLHSSQAALLTNTPGRSSEMQKQEATHHREAALDILSEIANVFDFPDLNRFLTRTLQLLLPYLAAKASPTASTLIRTIAKQLNVNRREILINNFKYIFSHLVCSCTKDELEKSLHYLKNETEIELGSLLRQDYQGLHNELLLRLGEHYQQVFSGLSILATYASNDDPYQGPRNFAKPEIMADYLQPKLLGILAFFNMHLLSSSIGIEDKKMALNSLVSLMKLMGPKHISSVRVKMMTTLRTGLRYKEEFPGLCCSAWDLFVRCLDQAYLGPLLSHVIVALLPLLHIQPKETVAVFRYLIVENRDAVQDFLHEIYFLPDHPELKEIQKVLQEYRKETTKSTDLQTAMQLSIRAIQHENVDVRMHALTSLKETLYKNQAKLLQYSTDSETVEPVISQLVTVLLIGCQDANPQARLFCGECLGQLGAIDPGRLDFSPSETQGKGFTFVSGVEDSDFAYELLTEQTRAFLAYADNVRAQDSAAYAIQELLSIFECKEGRTDCPGRRLWRRFPEHVQEILEPHLNTRYKSSRKAVNWSRVKKPIYLSKLGNNFADWSATWAGYLITKVRHELARRVFSCCSIMMKHDFKVTIYLLPHILVYVLLGCNKEDQQEVYAEIMAVLKHEDPLMRRLQDSASDLSQLSTQTVFSMLDHLTQWAREKFQALNAEKTNPKPGTRGEPKAVSNEDYGEYQNVTRFLDLIPQDTLAVASFRSKAYTRALMHFESFIMEKKQEIQEHLGFLQKLYAAMHEPDGVAGVSAIRKKEASLKEQILEHESIGLLRDATACYDRAIQLKPEEIIHYHGVVKSMLGLGQLSTVITQVNGILNSRSEWTAELNTYRVEAAWKLSQWDLVEEYLSADRKSTTWSIRLGQLLLSAKKGERDMFYETLKVVRAEQIVPLSAASFERGSYQRGYEYIVRLHMLCELEHSVKMFLQKPSVEPAVDSLNLPARLEMTQNSYRAREPILAVRRALQTINKRPNHADMIGECWLQSARVARKAGHHQTAYNALLNAGESRLSELNVERAKWLWSKGDVHQALIVLQKGAELFLSSTSAPPEQQLIHGRAMLLVGRLMEETANFESNAVMKKYKDVTALLPEWEDGHFYLAKYYDKLMPMVTDNKMEKQGDLIRYIVLHFGRSLQFGNQYIYQSMPRMLSLWLDFGAKVYEWEKAGRADRLQMKNELMKINKVISDHKNQLAPYQFLTAFSQLISRICHSHDEVFAVLMEIVAKVFVAYPQQAMWMMTAVSKSSYPMRVNRCKEILEKAIHMKPSLGKFIGDATRLTDKLLELCNKPVDGNTSTLSMNIHFKMLKKLVEETTFSEILIPLQSVMIPTLPSTAGKRDHADHDPFPGHWAYLSGFDDAVEILPSLQKPKKISLKGSDGKSYIMMCKPKDDLRKDCRLMEFNSLINKCLRKDAESRRRELHIRTYAVIPLNDECGIIEWVNNTAGFRNILIKLYKEKGIYMGGKELRQCMLPKSAPLQEKLKVFKEALLPRHPPLFHEWFLRTFPDPTSWYNSRSAYCRSTAVMSMVGYILGLGDRHGENILFDSLTGECVHVDFNCLFNKGETFEVPEIVPFRLTHNMVNGMGPMGTEGLFRRACEVIMRLMREQRESLMSVLKPFLHDPLVEWSKPARGSSKGQVNETGEVMNEKAKTHVLDIEQRLQGVIKTRNRVKGLPLSIEGHVHYLIQEATDENLLSQMYLGWAPYM