Protein: Transforming protein RhoA (EC 3.6.5.2) (P61589)
Organism: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
Function: Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essential role in cleavage furrow formation. Required for the apical junction formation of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. The MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It controls the localization of APC and CLASP2 to the cell membrane, via the regulation of GSK3B activity. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of the MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization (By similarity). Regulates KCNA2 potassium channel activity by reducing its location at the cell surface in response to CHRM1 activation; promotes KCNA2 endocytosis. Acts as an allosteric activator of guanine nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 by binding in its activated GTP-bound form to the PH domain of ECT2 which stimulates the release of PH inhibition and promotes the binding of substrate RHOA to the ECT2 catalytic center (By similarity). May be an activator of PLCE1 (By similarity). In neurons, involved in the inhibition of the initial spine growth. Upon activation by CaMKII, modulates dendritic spine structural plasticity by relaying CaMKII transient activation to synapse-specific, long-term signaling. Acts as a regulator of platelet alpha-granule release during activation and aggregation of platelets (By similarity).
Subcellular location: Cell membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61586}; Lipid-anchor {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61586}; Cytoplasmic side {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61586}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61586}. Cleavage furrow {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61586}. Cytoplasm, cell cortex {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61586}. Midbody {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61586}. Cell projection, lamellipodium {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QUI0}. Cell projection, dendrite {ECO:0000305|PubMed:21423166}. Nucleus {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61586}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61586}. Note=Localized to cell-cell contacts in calcium-treated keratinocytes (By similarity). Translocates to the equatorial region before furrow formation in a ECT2-dependent manner. Localizes to the equatorial cell cortex (at the site of the presumptive furrow) in early anaphase in an activated form and in a myosin- and actin-independent manner. Colocalizes with KANK1 at the contractile ring. Colocalizes with DAAM1 and KANK1 around centrosomes. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P61586, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QUI0}.
Interaction partners:
- Rho-associated protein kinase 2
- Rho-associated protein kinase 1
- Rho GTPase-activating protein 35
- Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12
- Protein diaphanous homolog 1
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2
- A-kinase anchor protein 13
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase N1
Sequence:
MAAIRKKLVIVGDGACGKTCLLIVFSKDQFPEVYVPTVFENYVADIEVDGKQVELALWDTAGQEDYDRLRPLSYPDTDVILMCFSIDSPDSLENIPEKWTPEVKHFCPNVPIILVGNKKDLRNDEHTRRELAKMKQEPVKPEEGRDMANRIGAFGYMECSAKTKDGVREVFEMATRAALQARRGKKKSGCLIL