Protein: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP U) (GRIP120) (Nuclear p120 ribonucleoprotein) (Scaffold-attachment factor A) (SAF-A) (p120) (pp120) (Q00839)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in several cellular processes such as nuclear chromatin organization, telomere-length regulation, transcription, mRNA alternative splicing and stability, Xist-mediated transcriptional silencing and mitotic cell progression. Plays a role in the regulation of interphase large-scale gene-rich chromatin organization through chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) in a transcription-dependent manner, and thereby maintains genomic stability. Required for the localization of the long non-coding Xist RNA on the inactive chromosome X (Xi) and the subsequent initiation and maintenance of X-linked transcriptional gene silencing during X-inactivation (By similarity). Plays a role as a RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme transcription regulator. Promotes transcription initiation by direct association with the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor complex for the assembly of a functional pre-initiation complex with Pol II in a actin-dependent manner. Blocks Pol II transcription elongation activity by inhibiting the C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylation of Pol II and dissociates from Pol II pre-initiation complex prior to productive transcription elongation. Positively regulates CBX5-induced transcriptional gene silencing and retention of CBX5 in the nucleus. Negatively regulates glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional activation. Key regulator of transcription initiation and elongation in embryonic stem cells upon leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling (By similarity). Involved in the long non-coding RNA H19-mediated Pol II transcriptional repression. Participates in the circadian regulation of the core clock component BMAL1 transcription (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of telomere length. Plays a role as a global pre-mRNA alternative splicing modulator by regulating U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) biogenesis. Plays a role in mRNA stability. Component of the CRD-mediated complex that promotes MYC mRNA stabilization. Enhances the expression of specific genes, such as tumor necrosis factor TNFA, by regulating mRNA stability, possibly through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Plays a role in mitotic cell cycle regulation. Involved in the formation of stable mitotic spindle microtubules (MTs) attachment to kinetochore, spindle organization and chromosome congression. Phosphorylation at Ser-59 by PLK1 is required for chromosome alignement and segregation and progression through mitosis. Contributes also to the targeting of AURKA to mitotic spindle MTs. Binds to double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA, poly(A), poly(C) and poly(G) oligoribonucleotides. Binds to chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs). Associates with chromatin to scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) elements in a chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs)-dependent manner. Binds to the Xist RNA. Binds the long non-coding H19 RNA. Binds to SMN1/2 pre-mRNAs at G/U-rich regions. Binds to small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). Binds to the 3'-UTR of TNFA mRNA. Binds (via RNA-binding RGG-box region) to the long non-coding Xist RNA; this binding is direct and bridges the Xist RNA and the inactive chromosome X (Xi) (By similarity). Also negatively regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation upon LIF signaling (By similarity). Required for embryonic development (By similarity). Binds to brown fat long non-coding RNA 1 (Blnc1); facilitates the recruitment of Blnc1 by ZBTB7B required to drive brown and beige fat development and thermogenesis (By similarity).
Subcellular location: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10671544, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11003645, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1324173, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14608463, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15563465, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19617346, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21242313, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8174554, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9353307, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9405365}. Nucleus matrix {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1324173, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14608463, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8174554}. Chromosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11003645, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14608463, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15563465}. Nucleus speckle {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9353307}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14654843, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25986610}. Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21242313}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21242313, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25986610}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21242313}. Midbody {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25986610}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19029303}. Cell surface {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7993898}. Cytoplasmic granule {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17289661}. Note=Localizes at inactive X chromosome (Xi) regions (PubMed:11003645, PubMed:14608463, PubMed:15563465). Localizes in the nucleus during interphase (PubMed:21242313). At metaphase, localizes with mitotic spindle microtubules (MTs) (PubMed:21242313). At anaphase, localizes in the mitotic spindle midzone (PubMed:21242313). Localizes in spindle MTs proximal to spindle poles in a TPX2- and AURKA-dependent manner (PubMed:21242313). The Ser-59 phosphorylated form localizes to centrosomes during prophase and metaphase, to mitotic spindles in anaphase and to the midbody during cytokinesis (PubMed:25986610). Colocalizes with SMARCA4 in the nucleus (By similarity). Colocalizes with CBX5 in the nucleus (PubMed:19617346). Colocalizes with NR3C1 in nuclear speckles (PubMed:9353307). Localized in cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8VEK3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11003645, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14608463, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15563465, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17289661, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19617346, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21242313, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25986610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9353307}.
Interaction partners:
- ATP-dependent RNA helicase A
- Y-box-binding protein 1
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K
- Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1
Sequence:
MSSSPVNVKKLKVSELKEELKKRRLSDKGLKAELMERLQAALDDEEAGGRPAMEPGNGSLDLGGDSAGRSGAGLEQEAAAGGDEEEEEEEEEEEGISALDGDQMELGEENGAAGAADSGPMEEEEAASEDENGDDQGFQEGEDELGDEEEGAGDENGHGEQQPQPPATQQQQPQQQRGAAKEAAGKSSGPTSLFAVTVAPPGARQGQQQAGGKKKAEGGGGGGRPGAPAAGDGKTEQKGGDKKRGVKRPREDHGRGYFEYIEENKYSRAKSPQPPVEEEDEHFDDTVVCLDTYNCDLHFKISRDRLSASSLTMESFAFLWAGGRASYGVSKGKVCFEMKVTEKIPVRHLYTKDIDIHEVRIGWSLTTSGMLLGEEEFSYGYSLKGIKTCNCETEDYGEKFDENDVITCFANFESDEVELSYAKNGQDLGVAFKISKEVLAGRPLFPHVLCHNCAVEFNFGQKEKPYFPIPEEYTFIQNVPLEDRVRGPKGPEEKKDCEVVMMIGLPGAGKTTWVTKHAAENPGKYNILGTNTIMDKMMVAGFKKQMADTGKLNTLLQRAPQCLGKFIEIAARKKRNFILDQTNVSAAAQRRKMCLFAGFQRKAVVVCPKDEDYKQRTQKKAEVEGKDLPEHAVLKMKGNFTLPEVAECFDEITYVELQKEEAQKLLEQYKEESKKALPPEKKQNTGSKKSNKNKSGKNQFNRGGGHRGRGGFNMRGGNFRGGAPGNRGGYNRRGNMPQRGGGGGGSGGIGYPYPRAPVFPGRGSYSNRGNYNRGGMPNRGNYNQNFRGRGNNRGYKNQSQGYNQWQQGQFWGQKPWSQHYHQGYY