Protein: Envelope glycoprotein (GP1,2) (GP) [Cleaved into: Shed GP (GP1,2-delta); GP1; GP2] (Q05320)
Organism: Zaire ebolavirus (strain Mayinga-76) (ZEBOV) (Zaire Ebola virus)
Function: Trimeric GP1,2 complexes form the virion surface spikes and mediate the viral entry processes, with GP1 acting as the receptor-binding subunit and GP2 as the membrane fusion subunit. At later times of infection, down-regulates the expression of various host cell surface molecules that are essential for immune surveillance and cell adhesion. Down-modulates several integrins including ITGA1, ITGA2, ITGA3, ITGA4, ITGA5, ITGA6, ITGAV and ITGB1. This decrease in cell adhesion molecules may lead to cell detachment, contributing to the disruption of blood vessel integrity and hemorrhages developed during infection (cytotoxicity) (Probable). Interacts with host TLR4 and thereby stimulates the differentiation and activation of monocytes leading to bystander death of T-lymphocytes. Down-regulates as well the function of host natural killer cells. Counteracts the antiviral effect of host BST2/tetherin that restricts release of progeny virions from infected cells. However, cooperates with VP40 and host BST2 to activate canonical NF-kappa-B pathway in a manner dependent on neddylation.
Subcellular location: [GP2]: Virion membrane {ECO:0000305|PubMed:11877482}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255}. Host cell membrane {ECO:0000305|PubMed:11877482}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255}. Note=In the cell, localizes to the plasma membrane lipid rafts, which probably represent the assembly and budding site. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:11877482}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [GP1]: Virion membrane {ECO:0000305|PubMed:11877482}; Peripheral membrane protein. Host cell membrane {ECO:0000305|PubMed:11877482}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9576958}. Note=GP1 is not anchored to the viral envelope, but forms a disulfid-linked complex with the extravirion surface GP2 (PubMed:9576958). In the cell, both GP1 and GP2 localize to the plasma membrane lipid rafts, which probably represent the assembly and budding site (PubMed:11877482). GP1 can also be shed after proteolytic processing. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11877482, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9576958}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Shed GP]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15103332, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25412102, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30085081}. Note=GP2-delta bound to GP1 (GP1,2-delta) is produced by proteolytic cleavage of GP1,2 by host ADAM17 and shed by the virus. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15103332}.
Interaction partners:
Sequence:
MGVTGILQLPRDRFKRTSFFLWVIILFQRTFSIPLGVIHNSTLQVSDVDKLVCRDKLSSTNQLRSVGLNLEGNGVATDVPSATKRWGFRSGVPPKVVNYEAGEWAENCYNLEIKKPDGSECLPAAPDGIRGFPRCRYVHKVSGTGPCAGDFAFHKEGAFFLYDRLASTVIYRGTTFAEGVVAFLILPQAKKDFFSSHPLREPVNATEDPSSGYYSTTIRYQATGFGTNETEYLFEVDNLTYVQLESRFTPQFLLQLNETIYTSGKRSNTTGKLIWKVNPEIDTTIGEWAFWETKKNLTRKIRSEELSFTVVSNGAKNISGQSPARTSSDPGTNTTTEDHKIMASENSSAMVQVHSQGREAAVSHLTTLATISTSPQSLTTKPGPDNSTHNTPVYKLDISEATQVEQHHRRTDNDSTASDTPSATTAAGPPKAENTNTSKSTDFLDPATTTSPQNHSETAGNNNTHHQDTGEESASSGKLGLITNTIAGVAGLITGGRRTRREAIVNAQPKCNPNLHYWTTQDEGAAIGLAWIPYFGPAAEGIYIEGLMHNQDGLICGLRQLANETTQALQLFLRATTELRTFSILNRKAIDFLLQRWGGTCHILGPDCCIEPHDWTKNITDKIDQIIHDFVDKTLPDQGDNDNWWTGWRQWIPAGIGVTGVIIAVIALFCICKFVF