Protein: Natriuretic peptides A (Atrial natriuretic factor prohormone) (proANF) (Atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone) (preproANP) (proANP) (Atriopeptigen) (Cardiodilatin) (CDD) (preproCDD-ANF) [Cleaved into: Long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP) (Long-acting natriuretic hormone) (LANH) (Pro atrial natriuretic factor 1-30) (proANF 1-30) (Pro atrial natriuretic peptide 1-30) (proANP 1-30); Vessel dilator (VSDL) (Pro atrial natriuretic factor 31-67) (proANF 31-67) (Pro atrial natriuretic peptide 31-67) (proANP 31-67); Kaliuretic peptide (KP) (Pro atrial natriuretic factor 79-98) (proANF 79-98) (Pro atrial natriuretic peptide 79-98) (proANP 79-98); Urodilatin (URO) (CDD 95-126) (CDD-ANP (95-126)) (Pro atrial natriuretic peptide 95-126) (proANP 95-126); Auriculin-C (Atrial natriuretic factor 1-33) (ANF 1-33); Auriculin-D (Atrial natriuretic factor 3-33) (ANF 3-33); Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (Alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide) (Alpha-hANP) (Atrial natriuretic factor) (ANF) (CDD-ANF) (CDD-ANP (99-126)) (Cardionatrin) (Pro atrial natriuretic factor 99-126) (proANF 99-126); Auriculin-B (Atrial natriuretic factor 8-33) (ANF 8-33); Auriculin-A; Atriopeptin-1 (Atriopeptin I); Atriopeptin-2 (Atriopeptin II); Atriopeptin-3 (Atriopeptin III)] (P01160)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: Hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis, and is involved in vascular remodeling and regulating energy metabolism. Acts by specifically binding and stimulating NPR1 to produce cGMP, which in turn activates effector proteins, such as PRKG1, that drive various biological responses. Regulates vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis and aldosterone synthesis and is therefore essential for regulating blood pressure, controlling the extracellular fluid volume and maintaining the fluid-electrolyte balance. Also involved in inhibiting cardiac remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuating the growth of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Plays a role in female pregnancy by promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in uterus, and thus prevents pregnancy-induced hypertension (By similarity). In adipose tissue, acts in various cGMP- and PKG-dependent pathways to regulate lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. This includes up-regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial oxygen utilization by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and increasing energy expenditure by acting via MAPK11 to promote the UCP1-dependent thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue. Binds the clearance receptor NPR3 which removes the hormone from circulation.
Subcellular location: [Long-acting natriuretic peptide]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797}. Note=Detected in blood. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Vessel dilator]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797}. Note=Detected in blood. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Kaliuretic peptide]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506}. Note=Detected in blood. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Urodilatin]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2972874, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8351194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8779891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8853410, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9794555, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9893117}. Note=Detected in urine (PubMed:2972874, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891, PubMed:9794555). Not detected in blood (PubMed:8351194). Increased electrolytes, osmolality and intracellular cAMP levels increase peptide secretion/excretion (PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891, PubMed:8853410, PubMed:9893117). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2972874, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8351194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8779891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8853410, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9794555, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9893117}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15741263, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18835931, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2972874, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8351194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8779891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9893117}. Perikaryon {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30534047}. Cell projection {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30534047}. Note=Detected in blood (PubMed:15741263, PubMed:18835931, PubMed:2532366, PubMed:7955907, PubMed:7984506, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8653797, PubMed:8779891). Detected in urine in one study (PubMed:8351194). However, in another study, was not detected in urine (PubMed:7984506). Detected in cytoplasmic bodies and neuronal processes of pyramidal neurons (layers II-VI) (PubMed:30534047). Increased secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP (By similarity). Likely to be secreted in response to an increase in atrial pressure or atrial stretch (PubMed:2532366). In kidney cells, secretion increases in response to activated guanylyl cyclases and increased intracellular cAMP levels (PubMed:9893117). Plasma levels increase 15 minutes after a high-salt meal, and decrease back to normal plasma levels 1 hr later (PubMed:8779891). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15741263, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18835931, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30534047, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8351194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8779891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9893117}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Atriopeptin-3]: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161}. Note=Detected in blood. Slight increase in secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161}.
Interaction partners:
- Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1
- Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2
- Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 3
- C-type natriuretic peptide
- Natriuretic peptides B
- Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5
- Atrial natriuretic peptide-converting enzyme
- Angiotensinogen
- Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
Sequence:
MSSFSTTTVSFLLLLAFQLLGQTRANPMYNAVSNADLMDFKNLLDHLEEKMPLEDEVVPPQVLSEPNEEAGAALSPLPEVPPWTGEVSPAQRDGGALGRGPWDSSDRSALLKSKLRALLTAPRSLRRSSCFGGRMDRIGAQSGLGCNSFRY