Protein: Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-alpha) (Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 1) (P11416)
Organism: Mus musculus (Mouse)
Function: Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone deacetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression (By similarity). On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the coactivators leading to transcriptional activation. Formation of heterocomplex with histone deacetylases might lead to inhibition of RARE DNA element binding and to transcriptional repression (By similarity). Transcriptional activation and RARE DNA element binding might be supported by the transcription factor KLF2 (By similarity). RARA plays an essential role in the regulation of retinoic acid-induced germ cell development during spermatogenesis. Has a role in the survival of early spermatocytes at the beginning prophase of meiosis. In Sertoli cells, may promote the survival and development of early meiotic prophase spermatocytes. In concert with RARG, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function. Together with RXRA, positively regulates microRNA-10a expression, thereby inhibiting the GATA6/VCAM1 signaling response to pulsatile shear stress in vascular endothelial cells (By similarity). In association with HDAC3, HDAC5 and HDAC7 corepressors, plays a role in the repression of microRNA-10a and thereby promotes the inflammatory response (By similarity).
Subcellular location: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10660575, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12079996}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10660575, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12079996}. Note=Nuclear localization depends on ligand binding, phosphorylation and sumoylation (PubMed:10660575, PubMed:12079996). Translocation to the nucleus is dependent on activation of PKC and the downstream MAPK phosphorylation (PubMed:10660575, PubMed:12079996). Increased nuclear localization upon pulsatile shear stress (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10276, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10660575, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12079996}.
Interaction partners:
- Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha
- Nuclear receptor corepressor 2
- Nuclear receptor corepressor 1
- Protein PML
- Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta
- Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16
- Transcription factor PU.1
- Nuclear receptor coactivator 1
- Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma
- Retinoic acid receptor beta
Sequence:
MASNSSSCPTPGGGHLNGYPVPPYAFFFPPMLGGLSPPGALTSLQHQLPVSGYSTPSPATIETQSSSSEEIVPSPPSPPPLPRIYKPCFVCQDKSSGYHYGVSACEGCKGFFRRSIQKNMVYTCHRDKNCIINKVTRNRCQYCRLQKCFDVGMSKESVRNDRNKKKKEAPKPECSESYTLTPEVGELIEKVRKAHQETFPALCQLGKYTTNNSSEQRVSLDIDLWDKFSELSTKCIIKTVEFAKQLPGFTTLTIADQITLLKAACLDILILRICTRYTPEQDTMTFSDGLTLNRTQMHNAGFGPLTDLVFAFANQLLPLEMDDAETGLLSAICLICGDRQDLEQPDKVDMLQEPLLEALKVYVRKRRPSRPHMFPKMLMKITDLRSISAKGAERVITLKMEIPGSMPPLIQEMLENSEGLDTLSGQSGGGTRDGGGLAPPPGSCSPSLSPSSHRSSPATQSP