Protein: Protein kinase C beta type (PKC-B) (PKC-beta) (EC 2.7.11.13) (P05771)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various cellular processes such as regulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalosome, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcription regulation, insulin signaling and endothelial cells proliferation. Plays a key role in B-cell activation by regulating BCR-induced NF-kappa-B activation. Mediates the activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B pathway (NFKB1) by direct phosphorylation of CARD11/CARMA1 at 'Ser-559', 'Ser-644' and 'Ser-652'. Phosphorylation induces CARD11/CARMA1 association with lipid rafts and recruitment of the BCL10-MALT1 complex as well as MAP3K7/TAK1, which then activates IKK complex, resulting in nuclear translocation and activation of NFKB1. Plays a direct role in the negative feedback regulation of the BCR signaling, by down-modulating BTK function via direct phosphorylation of BTK at 'Ser-180', which results in the alteration of BTK plasma membrane localization and in turn inhibition of BTK activity. Involved in apoptosis following oxidative damage: in case of oxidative conditions, specifically phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of isoform p66Shc of SHC1, leading to mitochondrial accumulation of p66Shc, where p66Shc acts as a reactive oxygen species producer. Acts as a coactivator of androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transcription, by being recruited to AR target genes and specifically mediating phosphorylation of 'Thr-6' of histone H3 (H3T6ph), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. In insulin signaling, may function downstream of IRS1 in muscle cells and mediate insulin-dependent DNA synthesis through the RAF1-MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. Participates in the regulation of glucose transport in adipocytes by negatively modulating the insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4. Phosphorylates SLC2A1/GLUT1, promoting glucose uptake by SLC2A1/GLUT1. Under high glucose in pancreatic beta-cells, is probably involved in the inhibition of the insulin gene transcription, via regulation of MYC expression. In endothelial cells, activation of PRKCB induces increased phosphorylation of RB1, increased VEGFA-induced cell proliferation, and inhibits PI3K/AKT-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS3/eNOS) regulation by insulin, which causes endothelial dysfunction. Also involved in triglyceride homeostasis (By similarity). Phosphorylates ATF2 which promotes cooperation between ATF2 and JUN, activating transcription.
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20228790}. Membrane {ECO:0000250}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000250}.
Interaction partners:
- Neutrophil cytosol factor 1
- 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2
- Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11
- Protein kinase C delta type
- Protein kinase C alpha type
- 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
- Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn
- Protein kinase C gamma type
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR
Sequence:
MADPAAGPPPSEGEESTVRFARKGALRQKNVHEVKNHKFTARFFKQPTFCSHCTDFIWGFGKQGFQCQVCCFVVHKRCHEFVTFSCPGADKGPASDDPRSKHKFKIHTYSSPTFCDHCGSLLYGLIHQGMKCDTCMMNVHKRCVMNVPSLCGTDHTERRGRIYIQAHIDRDVLIVLVRDAKNLVPMDPNGLSDPYVKLKLIPDPKSESKQKTKTIKCSLNPEWNETFRFQLKESDKDRRLSVEIWDWDLTSRNDFMGSLSFGISELQKASVDGWFKLLSQEEGEYFNVPVPPEGSEANEELRQKFERAKISQGTKVPEEKTTNTVSKFDNNGNRDRMKLTDFNFLMVLGKGSFGKVMLSERKGTDELYAVKILKKDVVIQDDDVECTMVEKRVLALPGKPPFLTQLHSCFQTMDRLYFVMEYVNGGDLMYHIQQVGRFKEPHAVFYAAEIAIGLFFLQSKGIIYRDLKLDNVMLDSEGHIKIADFGMCKENIWDGVTTKTFCGTPDYIAPEIIAYQPYGKSVDWWAFGVLLYEMLAGQAPFEGEDEDELFQSIMEHNVAYPKSMSKEAVAICKGLMTKHPGKRLGCGPEGERDIKEHAFFRYIDWEKLERKEIQPPYKPKARDKRDTSNFDKEFTRQPVELTPTDKLFIMNLDQNEFAGFSYTNPEFVINV