Protein: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1) (P22626)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) that associates with nascent pre-mRNAs, packaging them into hnRNP particles. The hnRNP particle arrangement on nascent hnRNA is non-random and sequence-dependent and serves to condense and stabilize the transcripts and minimize tangling and knotting. Packaging plays a role in various processes such as transcription, pre-mRNA processing, RNA nuclear export, subcellular location, mRNA translation and stability of mature mRNAs. Forms hnRNP particles with at least 20 other different hnRNP and heterogeneous nuclear RNA in the nucleus. Involved in transport of specific mRNAs to the cytoplasm in oligodendrocytes and neurons: acts by specifically recognizing and binding the A2RE (21 nucleotide hnRNP A2 response element) or the A2RE11 (derivative 11 nucleotide oligonucleotide) sequence motifs present on some mRNAs, and promotes their transport to the cytoplasm. Specifically binds single-stranded telomeric DNA sequences, protecting telomeric DNA repeat against endonuclease digestion (By similarity). Also binds other RNA molecules, such as primary miRNA (pri-miRNAs): acts as a nuclear 'reader' of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mark by specifically recognizing and binding a subset of nuclear m6A-containing pri-miRNAs. Binding to m6A-containing pri-miRNAs promotes pri-miRNA processing by enhancing binding of DGCR8 to pri-miRNA transcripts. Involved in miRNA sorting into exosomes following sumoylation, possibly by binding (m6A)-containing pre-miRNAs. Acts as a regulator of efficiency of mRNA splicing, possibly by binding to m6A-containing pre-mRNAs. Plays a role in the splicing of pyruvate kinase PKM by binding repressively to sequences flanking PKM exon 9, inhibiting exon 9 inclusion and resulting in exon 10 inclusion and production of the PKM M2 isoform. Also plays a role in the activation of the innate immune response. Mechanistically, senses the presence of viral DNA in the nucleus, homodimerizes and is demethylated by JMJD6. In turn, translocates to the cytoplasm where it activates the TBK1-IRF3 pathway, leading to interferon alpha/beta production.
Subcellular location: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:31320558, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37643469}. Nucleus, nucleoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17289661}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:31320558, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37643469}. Cytoplasmic granule {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17289661, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24356509}. Secreted, extracellular exosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24356509}. Note=Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). Component of ribonucleosomes (PubMed:17289661). Not found in the nucleolus (PubMed:17289661). Found in exosomes following sumoylation (PubMed:24356509). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17289661, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24356509}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform A2]: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10772824, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17289661, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24098712}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10772824, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17289661}. Note=Predominantly nucleoplasmic, however is also found in the cytoplasm of cells in some tissues (PubMed:17289661). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17289661}.
Interaction partners:
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L
- TAR DNA-binding protein 43
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
- Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3
- Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1
- Microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H
- RNA-binding protein FUS
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M
Sequence:
MEKTLETVPLERKKREKEQFRKLFIGGLSFETTEESLRNYYEQWGKLTDCVVMRDPASKRSRGFGFVTFSSMAEVDAAMAARPHSIDGRVVEPKRAVAREESGKPGAHVTVKKLFVGGIKEDTEEHHLRDYFEEYGKIDTIEIITDRQSGKKRGFGFVTFDDHDPVDKIVLQKYHTINGHNAEVRKALSRQEMQEVQSSRSGRGGNFGFGDSRGGGGNFGPGPGSNFRGGSDGYGSGRGFGDGYNGYGGGPGGGNFGGSPGYGGGRGGYGGGGPGYGNQGGGYGGGYDNYGGGNYGSGNYNDFGNYNQQPSNYGPMKSGNFGGSRNMGGPYGGGNYGPGGSGGSGGYGGRSRY