Protein: Proliferation marker protein Ki-67 (Antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67) (Antigen KI-67) (Antigen Ki67) (P46013)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly. Associates with the surface of the mitotic chromosome, the perichromosomal layer, and covers a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface. Prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier: the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility. Binds DNA, with a preference for supercoiled DNA and AT-rich DNA. Does not contribute to the internal structure of mitotic chromosomes (By similarity). May play a role in chromatin organization. It is however unclear whether it plays a direct role in chromatin organization or whether it is an indirect consequence of its function in maintaining mitotic chromosomes dispersed (Probable).
Subcellular location: Chromosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15896774, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22002106, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27362226, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32879492, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35513709, ECO:0000269|PubMed:39153474, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9510506}. Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10878551, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22002106}. Nucleus, nucleolus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10878551, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22002106, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2674163, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8799815}. Note=During early mitosis, relocalizes from nucleoli to the surface of the mitotic chromosome, the perichromosomal layer, and covers a substantial fraction of the mitotic chromosome surface (PubMed:27362226). Associates with satellite DNA in G1 phase (PubMed:9510506). Binds tightly to chromatin in interphase, chromatin-binding decreases in mitosis when it associates with the surface of the condensed chromosomes (PubMed:15896774, PubMed:22002106). Predominantly localized in the G1 phase in the perinucleolar region, in the later phases it is also detected throughout the nuclear interior, being predominantly localized in the nuclear matrix (PubMed:22002106). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15896774, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22002106, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27362226}.
Interaction partners:
- MKI67 FHA domain-interacting nucleolar phosphoprotein
- DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha
- Centromere protein F
- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit
- Mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1
- Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein
- Targeting protein for Xklp2
- Holliday junction recognition protein
- Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2
- Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1
Sequence:
MWPTRRLVTIKRSGVDGPHFPLSLSTCLFGRGIECDIRIQLPVVSKQHCKIEIHEQEAILHNFSSTNPTQVNGSVIDEPVRLKHGDVITIIDRSFRYENESLQNGRKSTEFPRKIREQEPARRVSRSSFSSDPDEKAQDSKAYSKITEGKVSGNPQVHIKNVKEDSTADDSKDSVAQGTTNVHSSEHAGRNGRNAADPISGDFKEISSVKLVSRYGELKSVPTTQCLDNSKKNESPFWKLYESVKKELDVKSQKENVLQYCRKSGLQTDYATEKESADGLQGETQLLVSRKSRPKSGGSGHAVAEPASPEQELDQNKGKGRDVESVQTPSKAVGASFPLYEPAKMKTPVQYSQQQNSPQKHKNKDLYTTGRRESVNLGKSEGFKAGDKTLTPRKLSTRNRTPAKVEDAADSATKPENLSSKTRGSIPTDVEVLPTETEIHNEPFLTLWLTQVERKIQKDSLSKPEKLGTTAGQMCSGLPGLSSVDINNFGDSINESEGIPLKRRRVSFGGHLRPELFDENLPPNTPLKRGEAPTKRKSLVMHTPPVLKKIIKEQPQPSGKQESGSEIHVEVKAQSLVISPPAPSPRKTPVASDQRRRSCKTAPASSSKSQTEVPKRGGRKSGNLPSKRVSISRSQHDILQMICSKRRSGASEANLIVAKSWADVVKLGAKQTQTKVIKHGPQRSMNKRQRRPATPKKPVGEVHSQFSTGHANSPCTIIIGKAHTEKVHVPARPYRVLNNFISNQKMDFKEDLSGIAEMFKTPVKEQPQLTSTCHIAISNSENLLGKQFQGTDSGEEPLLPTSESFGGNVFFSAQNAAKQPSDKCSASPPLRRQCIRENGNVAKTPRNTYKMTSLETKTSDTETEPSKTVSTANRSGRSTEFRNIQKLPVESKSEETNTEIVECILKRGQKATLLQQRREGEMKEIERPFETYKENIELKENDEKMKAMKRSRTWGQKCAPMSDLTDLKSLPDTELMKDTARGQNLLQTQDHAKAPKSEKGKITKMPCQSLQPEPINTPTHTKQQLKASLGKVGVKEELLAVGKFTRTSGETTHTHREPAGDGKSIRTFKESPKQILDPAARVTGMKKWPRTPKEEAQSLEDLAGFKELFQTPGPSEESMTDEKTTKIACKSPPPESVDTPTSTKQWPKRSLRKADVEEEFLALRKLTPSAGKAMLTPKPAGGDEKDIKAFMGTPVQKLDLAGTLPGSKRQLQTPKEKAQALEDLAGFKELFQTPGHTEELVAAGKTTKIPCDSPQSDPVDTPTSTKQRPKRSIRKADVEGELLACRNLMPSAGKAMHTPKPSVGEEKDIIIFVGTPVQKLDLTENLTGSKRRPQTPKEEAQALEDLTGFKELFQTPGHTEEAVAAGKTTKMPCESSPPESADTPTSTRRQPKTPLEKRDVQKELSALKKLTQTSGETTHTDKVPGGEDKSINAFRETAKQKLDPAASVTGSKRHPKTKEKAQPLEDLAGLKELFQTPVCTDKPTTHEKTTKIACRSQPDPVDTPTSSKPQSKRSLRKVDVEEEFFALRKRTPSAGKAMHTPKPAVSGEKNIYAFMGTPVQKLDLTENLTGSKRRLQTPKEKAQALEDLAGFKELFQTRGHTEESMTNDKTAKVACKSSQPDPDKNPASSKRRLKTSLGKVGVKEELLAVGKLTQTSGETTHTHTEPTGDGKSMKAFMESPKQILDSAASLTGSKRQLRTPKGKSEVPEDLAGFIELFQTPSHTKESMTNEKTTKVSYRASQPDLVDTPTSSKPQPKRSLRKADTEEEFLAFRKQTPSAGKAMHTPKPAVGEEKDINTFLGTPVQKLDQPGNLPGSNRRLQTRKEKAQALEELTGFRELFQTPCTDNPTTDEKTTKKILCKSPQSDPADTPTNTKQRPKRSLKKADVEEEFLAFRKLTPSAGKAMHTPKAAVGEEKDINTFVGTPVEKLDLLGNLPGSKRRPQTPKEKAKALEDLAGFKELFQTPGHTEESMTDDKITEVSCKSPQPDPVKTPTSSKQRLKISLGKVGVKEEVLPVGKLTQTSGKTTQTHRETAGDGKSIKAFKESAKQMLDPANYGTGMERWPRTPKEEAQSLEDLAGFKELFQTPDHTEESTTDDKTTKIACKSPPPESMDTPTSTRRRPKTPLGKRDIVEELSALKQLTQTTHTDKVPGDEDKGINVFRETAKQKLDPAASVTGSKRQPRTPKGKAQPLEDLAGLKELFQTPICTDKPTTHEKTTKIACRSPQPDPVGTPTIFKPQSKRSLRKADVEEESLALRKRTPSVGKAMDTPKPAGGDEKDMKAFMGTPVQKLDLPGNLPGSKRWPQTPKEKAQALEDLAGFKELFQTPGTDKPTTDEKTTKIACKSPQPDPVDTPASTKQRPKRNLRKADVEEEFLALRKRTPSAGKAMDTPKPAVSDEKNINTFVETPVQKLDLLGNLPGSKRQPQTPKEKAEALEDLVGFKELFQTPGHTEESMTDDKITEVSCKSPQPESFKTSRSSKQRLKIPLVKVDMKEEPLAVSKLTRTSGETTQTHTEPTGDSKSIKAFKESPKQILDPAASVTGSRRQLRTRKEKARALEDLVDFKELFSAPGHTEESMTIDKNTKIPCKSPPPELTDTATSTKRCPKTRPRKEVKEELSAVERLTQTSGQSTHTHKEPASGDEGIKVLKQRAKKKPNPVEEEPSRRRPRAPKEKAQPLEDLAGFTELSETSGHTQESLTAGKATKIPCESPPLEVVDTTASTKRHLRTRVQKVQVKEEPSAVKFTQTSGETTDADKEPAGEDKGIKALKESAKQTPAPAASVTGSRRRPRAPRESAQAIEDLAGFKDPAAGHTEESMTDDKTTKIPCKSSPELEDTATSSKRRPRTRAQKVEVKEELLAVGKLTQTSGETTHTDKEPVGEGKGTKAFKQPAKRKLDAEDVIGSRRQPRAPKEKAQPLEDLASFQELSQTPGHTEELANGAADSFTSAPKQTPDSGKPLKISRRVLRAPKVEPVGDVVSTRDPVKSQSKSNTSLPPLPFKRGGGKDGSVTGTKRLRCMPAPEEIVEELPASKKQRVAPRARGKSSEPVVIMKRSLRTSAKRIEPAEELNSNDMKTNKEEHKLQDSVPENKGISLRSRRQNKTEAEQQITEVFVLAERIEINRNEKKPMKTSPEMDIQNPDDGARKPIPRDKVTENKRCLRSARQNESSQPKVAEESGGQKSAKVLMQNQKGKGEAGNSDSMCLRSRKTKSQPAASTLESKSVQRVTRSVKRCAENPKKAEDNVCVKKIRTRSHRDSEDI