Protein: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) (Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor) (CSIF) (P43480)
Organism: Bos taurus (Bovine)
Function: Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation (By similarity). In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity).
Subcellular location: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22301}.
Sequence: MHSSALLCCLVFLAGVAASRDASTLSDSSCIHLPTSLPHMLRELRAAFGKVKTFFQMKDQLHSLLLTQSLLDDFKGYLGCQALSEMIQFYLEEVMPQAENHGPDIKEHVNSLGEKLKTLRLRLRRCHRFLPCENKSKAVEKVKRVFSELQERGVYKAMSEFDIFINYIETYMTTKMQK
InterPro domains: - IPR020423: Interleukin-10, conserved site (conserved_site) [75-95]
- IPR000098: Interleukin-10 (family) [40-165]
- IPR020443: Interleukin-10/19/20/24/26 (family) [1-175]
- IPR009079: Four-helical cytokine-like, core (homologous_superfamily) [27-178]
Interaction partners: - Interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha
- Interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta
- Interleukin-6
- Interleukin-4
- Interleukin-5
- Interferon gamma
- Interleukin-1 beta
- Tumor necrosis factor
- Interleukin-2
- Interleukin-7
Gene Ontology annotations:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0005488 (binding), GO:0005515 (protein binding), GO:0005102 (signaling receptor binding), GO:0005126 (cytokine receptor binding), GO:0070851 (growth factor receptor binding)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0065007 (biological regulation), GO:0050789 (regulation of biological process), GO:0048519 (negative regulation of biological process), GO:0019222 (regulation of metabolic process), GO:0051241 (negative regulation of multicellular organismal process), GO:0051239 (regulation of multicellular organismal process), GO:0009892 (negative regulation of metabolic process), GO:0010605 (negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0060255 (regulation of macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0001818 (negative regulation of cytokine production), GO:0001817 (regulation of cytokine production), GO:0032682 (negative regulation of chemokine production), GO:1903555 (regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production), GO:0032677 (regulation of interleukin-8 production), GO:0032642 (regulation of chemokine production), GO:0032715 (negative regulation of interleukin-6 production), GO:0032692 (negative regulation of interleukin-1 production), GO:0032655 (regulation of interleukin-12 production), GO:0032675 (regulation of interleukin-6 production), GO:0032652 (regulation of interleukin-1 production), GO:1903556 (negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production), GO:0032717 (negative regulation of interleukin-8 production), GO:0032695 (negative regulation of interleukin-12 production), GO:0010629 (negative regulation of gene expression), GO:0010468 (regulation of gene expression), GO:0032720 (negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production), GO:0032680 (regulation of tumor necrosis factor production)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0005576 (extracellular region), GO:0005615 (extracellular space)