Protein: Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) (LB24-AB) (Monophenol monooxygenase) (SK29-AB) (Tumor rejection antigen AB) (P14679)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine (By similarity). In addition to hydroxylating tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), also catalyzes the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone, and possibly the oxidation of DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) to indole-5,6 quinone.
Subcellular location: Melanosome membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12643545, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17081065}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12643545, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17081065}. Melanosome {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P11344}. Note=Proper trafficking to melanosome is regulated by SGSM2, ANKRD27, RAB9A, RAB32 and RAB38. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P11344}.
Sequence: MLLAVLYCLLWSFQTSAGHFPRACVSSKNLMEKECCPPWSGDRSPCGQLSGRGSCQNILLSNAPLGPQFPFTGVDDRESWPSVFYNRTCQCSGNFMGFNCGNCKFGFWGPNCTERRLLVRRNIFDLSAPEKDKFFAYLTLAKHTISSDYVIPIGTYGQMKNGSTPMFNDINIYDLFVWMHYYVSMDALLGGSEIWRDIDFAHEAPAFLPWHRLFLLRWEQEIQKLTGDENFTIPYWDWRDAEKCDICTDEYMGGQHPTNPNLLSPASFFSSWQIVCSRLEEYNSHQSLCNGTPEGPLRRNPGNHDKSRTPRLPSSADVEFCLSLTQYESGSMDKAANFSFRNTLEGFASPLTGIADASQSSMHNALHIYMNGTMSQVQGSANDPIFLLHHAFVDSIFEQWLRRHRPLQEVYPEANAPIGHNRESYMVPFIPLYRNGDFFISSKDLGYDYSYLQDSDPDSFQDYIKSYLEQASRIWSWLLGAAMVGAVLTALLAGLVSLLCRHKRKQLPEEKQPLLMEKEDYHSLYQSHL
InterPro domains: - IPR008922: Di-copper centre-containing domain superfamily (homologous_superfamily) [76-465]
- IPR002227: Tyrosinase copper-binding domain (domain) [172-402]
- IPR050316: Tyrosinase and Hemocyanin (family) [61-453]
Interaction partners: - Melanocyte protein PMEL
- P protein
- Melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1
- Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
- Membrane-associated transporter protein
- Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
- Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase
- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor
- L-dopachrome tautomerase
- Thyroid peroxidase
Gene Ontology annotations:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0005488 (binding), GO:0003824 (catalytic activity), GO:0005515 (protein binding), GO:0016491 (oxidoreductase activity), GO:0004497 (monooxygenase activity), GO:0016705 (oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen), GO:0016716 (oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0008152 (metabolic process), GO:0050896 (response to stimulus), GO:0032502 (developmental process), GO:0009987 (cellular process), GO:0009628 (response to abiotic stimulus), GO:0048856 (anatomical structure development), GO:0009058 (biosynthetic process), GO:0044237 (cellular metabolic process), GO:0044281 (small molecule metabolic process), GO:0042440 (pigment metabolic process), GO:0006807 (nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0019748 (secondary metabolic process), GO:0071704 (organic substance metabolic process), GO:0044238 (primary metabolic process), GO:0044550 (secondary metabolite biosynthetic process), GO:1901615 (organic hydroxy compound metabolic process), GO:1901360 (organic cyclic compound metabolic process), GO:1901564 (organonitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:1901576 (organic substance biosynthetic process), GO:0009888 (tissue development), GO:0009314 (response to radiation), GO:0006082 (organic acid metabolic process), GO:0046148 (pigment biosynthetic process), GO:0044249 (cellular biosynthetic process), GO:0006520 (amino acid metabolic process), GO:0006725 (cellular aromatic compound metabolic process), GO:0006582 (melanin metabolic process), GO:0009416 (response to light stimulus), GO:1901362 (organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process), GO:0009072 (aromatic amino acid metabolic process), GO:0043436 (oxoacid metabolic process), GO:0008544 (epidermis development), GO:0019438 (aromatic compound biosynthetic process), GO:1901617 (organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process), GO:0042438 (melanin biosynthetic process), GO:1901605 (alpha-amino acid metabolic process), GO:0018958 (phenol-containing compound metabolic process), GO:0019752 (carboxylic acid metabolic process), GO:0006570 (tyrosine metabolic process), GO:0009637 (response to blue light), GO:0046189 (phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0005622 (intracellular anatomical structure), GO:0043226 (organelle), GO:0043229 (intracellular organelle), GO:0043227 (membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0043231 (intracellular membrane-bounded organelle)