Protein: Aminotransferase ALD1, chloroplastic (EC 2.6.1.-) (AGD2-like defense response protein 1) (Q9ZQI7)
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)
Function: Aminotransferase involved in local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to the bacterial pathogen P.syringae. Required for salicylic acid (SA) and camalexin accumulation upon pathogen infection. Possesses aminotransferase activity in vitro and may generate amino-acid-derived defense signals in vivo. May be involved in ethylene-induced senescence signaling. Involved in the biosynthesis of pipecolate (Pip), a metabolite that orchestrates defense amplification, positive regulation of SA biosynthesis, and priming to guarantee effective local resistance induction and the establishment of SAR. Converts lysine to alpha-keto-epsilon-aminocaproate, which then can spontaneously cyclize to form delta-(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C). P2C is converted to Pip by SARD4. May produce non-Pip metabolites that play roles in immunity. Involved in the synthesis of distinct metabolite signals that affect basal and early defenses, and later defense responses.
Subcellular location: Plastid, chloroplast {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25372120}.
Sequence: MVSLMFFSSASPLCSSPSKIPKASLDFEMKKLGGSTKLVRNVNLEKLKNNYLFPEINRRELEHIEKHPNVQLISLGTGDTTEPIPEQITSHMSNFAHGLSTVEGYRGYGLEQGNKTLRKAIAETFYRDLHVKSNEVFVSDGAQSDISRLQLLLGSNVTIAVQDPTFPAYIDSSVIIGQTGHFHEKTKKYQNVVYMPCGPNNSFFPDLAMTPRTDVIFFCSPNNPTGYVASRKQLHQLVDFAKTNGSIIIFDSAYAAFIEDGSPRSIYEIPGAREVAIEVSSFSKFAGFTGVRLGWSIIPDELLYSNGFPIINDFHRIVTTSFNGASNIAQAGGLACLSSGGLKEIRSVNNYYKENRKILMDTLVSLGLKVYGGVNAPYLWVHFKGSKSWDVFNEILENTHIITVPGSGFGPGGEEYLRISGFGRRDHIVEASKRLQNFFNTRTKHFTYLSSTSNTN
InterPro domains: - IPR015421: Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major domain (homologous_superfamily) [82-339]
- IPR004839: Aminotransferase, class I/classII, large domain (domain) [72-420]
- IPR015424: Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase (homologous_superfamily) [51-435]
- IPR015422: Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, small domain (homologous_superfamily) [52-436]
- IPR019942: LL-diaminopimelate aminotransferase/aminotransferase ALD1 (family) [30-439]
Interaction partners: - Diaminopimelate epimerase, chloroplastic
- Probable flavin-containing monooxygenase 1
- Protein SAR DEFICIENT 4
- 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase 2, chloroplastic
- 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase 1, chloroplastic
- Proline iminopeptidase
- Lipase-like PAD4
- Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic
- LL-diaminopimelate aminotransferase, chloroplastic
- 4-substituted benzoates-glutamate ligase GH3.12
Gene Ontology annotations:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0005488 (binding), GO:0003824 (catalytic activity), GO:0043167 (ion binding), GO:0016740 (transferase activity), GO:0043169 (cation binding), GO:0016769 (transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups), GO:0008483 (transaminase activity), GO:0046872 (metal ion binding), GO:0046914 (transition metal ion binding), GO:0005507 (copper ion binding)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0008152 (metabolic process), GO:0009987 (cellular process), GO:0009058 (biosynthetic process), GO:0044237 (cellular metabolic process), GO:0044281 (small molecule metabolic process), GO:0006807 (nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0071704 (organic substance metabolic process), GO:0044238 (primary metabolic process), GO:1901360 (organic cyclic compound metabolic process), GO:1901576 (organic substance biosynthetic process), GO:1901564 (organonitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0044283 (small molecule biosynthetic process), GO:0006082 (organic acid metabolic process), GO:0044249 (cellular biosynthetic process), GO:0006520 (amino acid metabolic process), GO:0006725 (cellular aromatic compound metabolic process), GO:1901566 (organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process), GO:1901362 (organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process), GO:0009072 (aromatic amino acid metabolic process), GO:0008652 (amino acid biosynthetic process), GO:0016053 (organic acid biosynthetic process), GO:0043436 (oxoacid metabolic process), GO:0019438 (aromatic compound biosynthetic process), GO:1901605 (alpha-amino acid metabolic process), GO:0019752 (carboxylic acid metabolic process), GO:0009073 (aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process), GO:1901607 (alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process), GO:0046394 (carboxylic acid biosynthetic process), GO:0006558 (L-phenylalanine metabolic process), GO:1902221 (erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid metabolic process), GO:0009095 (aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0005622 (intracellular anatomical structure), GO:0043226 (organelle), GO:0005737 (cytoplasm), GO:0043229 (intracellular organelle), GO:0005739 (mitochondrion), GO:0043227 (membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0043231 (intracellular membrane-bounded organelle)