Protein: Isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS) (EC 1.21.3.1) (P05326)
Organism: Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) (Aspergillus nidulans)
Function: Isopenicillin N synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of penicillin, the world's most important antibiotic. IpnA catalyzes the cyclization of the tripeptide N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV or ACV) to form isopenicillin N (IPN) that contains the beta-lactam nucleus. The penicillin biosynthesis occurs via 3 enzymatic steps, the first corresponding to the production of the tripeptide N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV or ACV) by the NRPS acvA. The tripeptide ACV is then cyclized to isopenicillin N (IPN) by the isopenicillin N synthase ipnA that forms the beta-lactam nucleus. Finally, the alpha-aminoadipyl side chain is exchanged for phenylacetic acid by the isopenicillin N acyltransferase penDE to yield penicillin in the peroxisomal matrix (By similarity).
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytosol {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08703}.
Sequence: MGSVSKANVPKIDVSPLFGDDQAAKMRVAQQIDAASRDTGFFYAVNHGINVQRLSQKTKEFHMSITPEEKWDLAIRAYNKEHQDQVRAGYYLSIPGKKAVESFCYLNPNFTPDHPRIQAKTPTHEVNVWPDETKHPGFQDFAEQYYWDVFGLSSALLKGYALALGKEENFFARHFKPDDTLASVVLIRYPYLDPYPEAAIKTAADGTKLSFEWHEDVSLITVLYQSNVQNLQVETAAGYQDIEADDTGYLINCGSYMAHLTNNYYKAPIHRVKWVNAERQSLPFFVNLGYDSVIDPFDPREPNGKSDREPLSYGDYLQNGLVSLINKNGQT
InterPro domains: - IPR026992: Non-haem dioxygenase, N-terminal domain (domain) [9-132]
- IPR002057: Isopenicillin N synthase, conserved site (conserved_site) [97-263]
- IPR005123: Oxoglutarate/iron-dependent dioxygenase domain (domain) [176-288]
- IPR044861: Isopenicillin N synthase-like, Fe(2+) 2OG dioxygenase domain (domain) [184-287]
- IPR027443: Isopenicillin N synthase-like superfamily (homologous_superfamily) [1-331]
Interaction partners: - N-
- Acyl-coenzyme A:6-aminopenicillanic-acid-acyltransferase 40 kDa form
- Acyl-CoA:6-aminopenicillanic-acid-acyltransferase, putative
Gene Ontology annotations:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0003824 (catalytic activity), GO:0016491 (oxidoreductase activity)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0008152 (metabolic process), GO:0009987 (cellular process), GO:0009058 (biosynthetic process), GO:0044237 (cellular metabolic process), GO:0019748 (secondary metabolic process), GO:0071704 (organic substance metabolic process), GO:0044550 (secondary metabolite biosynthetic process), GO:0044249 (cellular biosynthetic process), GO:0009404 (toxin metabolic process), GO:0006725 (cellular aromatic compound metabolic process), GO:1901360 (organic cyclic compound metabolic process), GO:1901576 (organic substance biosynthetic process), GO:0046483 (heterocycle metabolic process), GO:1901376 (organic heteropentacyclic compound metabolic process), GO:1901362 (organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process), GO:0009403 (toxin biosynthetic process), GO:0045460 (sterigmatocystin metabolic process), GO:0019438 (aromatic compound biosynthetic process), GO:0018130 (heterocycle biosynthetic process), GO:0045461 (sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process), GO:1901378 (organic heteropentacyclic compound biosynthetic process)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0005576 (extracellular region)