Protein: Natriuretic peptides A (Atrial natriuretic factor prohormone) (preproANF) (proANF) (Atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone) (preproANP) (proANP) (Atriopeptigen) (Cardiodilatin) (CDD) (preproCDD-ANF) [Cleaved into: Long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP) (Long-acting natriuretic hormone) (LANH) (Pro atrial natriuretic factor 1-30) (proANF 1-30) (Pro atrial natriuretic peptide 1-30) (proANP 1-30); Vessel dilator (VSDL) (Pro atrial natriuretic factor 31-67) (proANF 31-67) (Pro atrial natriuretic peptide 31-67) (proANP 31-67); Kaliuretic peptide (KP) (Pro atrial natriuretic factor 79-98) (proANF 79-98) (Pro atrial natriuretic peptide 79-98) (proANP 79-98); Urodilatin (URO) (CDD 95-126) (CDD-ANP (95-126)) (Pro atrial natriuretic peptide 95-126) (proANP 95-126); Auriculin-C (Atrial natriuretic factor 1-33) (ANF 1-33); Auriculin-D (Atrial natriuretic factor 3-33) (ANF 3-33); Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (Alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide) (Alpha-hANP) (Atrial natriuretic factor) (ANF) (CDD-ANF) (CDD-ANP (99-126)) (Cardionatrin) (Pro atrial natriuretic factor 99-126) (proANF 99-126); Auriculin-B (Atrial natriuretic factor 8-33) (ANF 8-33); Auriculin-A; Atriopeptin-1 (Atriopeptin I); Atriopeptin-2 (Atriopeptin II); Atriopeptin-3 (Atriopeptin III)] (P01161)
Organism: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
Function: Hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis, and is involved in vascular remodeling and regulating energy metabolism (By similarity). Acts by specifically binding and stimulating NPR1 to produce cGMP, which in turn activates effector proteins, such as PRKG1, that drive various biological responses. Regulates vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis and aldosterone synthesis and is therefore essential for regulating blood pressure, controlling the extracellular fluid volume and maintaining the fluid-electrolyte balance. Also involved in inhibiting cardiac remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuating the growth of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts (By similarity). Plays a role in female pregnancy by promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in uterus, and thus prevents pregnancy-induced hypertension (By similarity). In adipose tissue, acts in various cGMP- and PKG-dependent pathways to regulate lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis (By similarity). This includes up-regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial oxygen utilization by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and increasing energy expenditure by acting via MAPK11 to promote the UCP1-dependent thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (By similarity). Binds the clearance receptor NPR3 which removes the hormone from circulation (By similarity).
Subcellular location: [Long-acting natriuretic peptide]: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160}. Note=Detected in blood. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Vessel dilator]: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160}. Note=Detected in blood. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Kaliuretic peptide]: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160}. Note=Detected in blood. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Urodilatin]: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160}. Note=Detected in urine. Not detected in blood. Increased electrolytes, osmolality and intracellular cAMP levels increase peptide secretion/excretion. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2966345, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3160114}. Perikaryon {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160}. Cell projection {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160}. Note=Detected in blood (PubMed:2966345, PubMed:3160114). Detected in urine in one study (By similarity). However, in another study, was not detected in urine (By similarity). Detected in cytoplasmic bodies and neuronal processes of pyramidal neurons (layers II-VI) (By similarity). Increased secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP (PubMed:3160114). Also likely to be secreted in response to an increase in atrial pressure or atrial stretch (By similarity). In kidney cells, secretion increases in response to activated guanylyl cyclases and increased intracellular cAMP levels (By similarity). Plasma levels increase 15 minutes after a high-salt meal, and decrease back to normal plasma levels 1 hr later (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01160, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2966345, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3160114}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Atriopeptin-3]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:3160114}. Note=Detected in blood (PubMed:3160114). Slight increase in secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP (PubMed:3160114). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:3160114}.
Sequence: MGSFSITKGFFLFLAFWLPGHIGANPVYSAVSNTDLMDFKNLLDHLEEKMPVEDEVMPPQALSEQTDEAGAALSSLSEVPPWTGEVNPSQRDGGALGRGPWDPSDRSALLKSKLRALLAGPRSLRRSSCFGGRIDRIGAQSGLGCNSFRYRR
InterPro domains: - IPR002407: Natriuretic peptide, atrial type (family) [10-149]
- IPR030480: Natriuretic peptide, conserved site (conserved_site) [129-145]
- IPR000663: Natriuretic peptide (family) [119-145]
- IPR050787: Natriuretic Peptide Hormone (family) [1-150]
Interaction partners: - Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 3
- Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1
- Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2
- C-type natriuretic peptide
- Natriuretic peptides B
- Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
- Atrial natriuretic peptide-converting enzyme
- Angiotensinogen
- Lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor
Gene Ontology annotations:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0098772 (molecular function regulator activity), GO:0005488 (binding), GO:0030545 (signaling receptor regulator activity), GO:0140677 (molecular function activator activity), GO:0005515 (protein binding), GO:0005102 (signaling receptor binding), GO:0030546 (signaling receptor activator activity), GO:0048018 (receptor ligand activity), GO:0005179 (hormone activity), GO:0005184 (neuropeptide hormone activity)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0048518 (positive regulation of biological process), GO:0050789 (regulation of biological process), GO:0044419 (biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms), GO:0022414 (reproductive process), GO:0000003 (reproduction), GO:0032501 (multicellular organismal process), GO:0065007 (biological regulation), GO:0050896 (response to stimulus), GO:0032502 (developmental process), GO:0009987 (cellular process), GO:0048519 (negative regulation of biological process), GO:0009605 (response to external stimulus), GO:0009628 (response to abiotic stimulus), GO:0048856 (anatomical structure development), GO:0007275 (multicellular organism development), GO:0042221 (response to chemical), GO:0019222 (regulation of metabolic process), GO:0051240 (positive regulation of multicellular organismal process), GO:0032879 (regulation of localization), GO:0051241 (negative regulation of multicellular organismal process), GO:0051239 (regulation of multicellular organismal process), GO:0032504 (multicellular organism reproduction), GO:0051050 (positive regulation of transport), GO:0003008 (system process), GO:0065008 (regulation of biological quality), GO:0044706 (multi-multicellular organism process), GO:0009607 (response to biotic stimulus), GO:0009719 (response to endogenous stimulus), GO:0044703 (multi-organism reproductive process), GO:0050794 (regulation of cellular process), GO:0009893 (positive regulation of metabolic process), GO:0051716 (cellular response to stimulus), GO:0006950 (response to stress), GO:0007568 (aging), GO:0048523 (negative regulation of cellular process), GO:0048609 (multicellular organismal reproductive process), GO:0051707 (response to other organism), GO:0048522 (positive regulation of cellular process), GO:0051172 (negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0051049 (regulation of transport), GO:0043207 (response to external biotic stimulus), GO:0010604 (positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0009410 (response to xenobiotic stimulus), GO:0009314 (response to radiation), GO:0048731 (system development), GO:0044057 (regulation of system process), GO:0048513 (animal organ development), GO:0070848 (response to growth factor), GO:0006952 (defense response), GO:0034762 (regulation of transmembrane transport), GO:0045932 (negative regulation of muscle contraction), GO:0071495 (cellular response to endogenous stimulus), GO:0060255 (regulation of macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0008217 (regulation of blood pressure), GO:1901700 (response to oxygen-containing compound), GO:0045137 (development of primary sexual characteristics), GO:0003013 (circulatory system process), GO:0010033 (response to organic substance), GO:0009725 (response to hormone), GO:1901135 (carbohydrate derivative metabolic process), GO:0007565 (female pregnancy), GO:0045933 (positive regulation of muscle contraction), GO:1901698 (response to nitrogen compound), GO:0070887 (cellular response to chemical stimulus), GO:0010605 (negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0009617 (response to bacterium), GO:0009889 (regulation of biosynthetic process), GO:0051171 (regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0045907 (positive regulation of vasoconstriction), GO:0031323 (regulation of cellular metabolic process), GO:0009890 (negative regulation of biosynthetic process), GO:0007548 (sex differentiation), GO:0080090 (regulation of primary metabolic process), GO:0009612 (response to mechanical stimulus), GO:0090066 (regulation of anatomical structure size), GO:0035094 (response to nicotine), GO:1901652 (response to peptide), GO:0003018 (vascular process in circulatory system), GO:0009416 (response to light stimulus), GO:0045776 (negative regulation of blood pressure), GO:0061458 (reproductive system development), GO:0032496 (response to lipopolysaccharide), GO:0010556 (regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process), GO:0008015 (blood circulation), GO:0071310 (cellular response to organic substance), GO:0098801 (regulation of renal system process), GO:0008406 (gonad development), GO:0002237 (response to molecule of bacterial origin), GO:0044062 (regulation of excretion), GO:0090257 (regulation of muscle system process), GO:0048662 (negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation), GO:0007600 (sensory perception), GO:0035150 (regulation of tube size), GO:0043434 (response to peptide hormone), GO:0010243 (response to organonitrogen compound), GO:0046545 (development of primary female sexual characteristics), GO:0033993 (response to lipid), GO:0042742 (defense response to bacterium), GO:0031644 (regulation of nervous system process), GO:0031326 (regulation of cellular biosynthetic process), GO:0051046 (regulation of secretion), GO:0010558 (negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process), GO:0031327 (negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process), GO:0051252 (regulation of RNA metabolic process), GO:0014070 (response to organic cyclic compound), GO:0051253 (negative regulation of RNA metabolic process), GO:0045934 (negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process), GO:0071363 (cellular response to growth factor stimulus), GO:0006937 (regulation of muscle contraction), GO:0008585 (female gonad development), GO:2001141 (regulation of RNA biosynthetic process), GO:0006355 (regulation of DNA-templated transcription), GO:0014910 (regulation of smooth muscle cell migration), GO:0097746 (blood vessel diameter maintenance), GO:0035296 (regulation of tube diameter), GO:1902679 (negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process), GO:0050965 (detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain), GO:0014911 (positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration), GO:0006357 (regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II), GO:0042311 (vasodilation), GO:0045892 (negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription), GO:1903507 (negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription), GO:0043266 (regulation of potassium ion transport), GO:1903506 (regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription), GO:0006940 (regulation of smooth muscle contraction), GO:0000122 (negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0005622 (intracellular anatomical structure), GO:0043226 (organelle), GO:0005615 (extracellular space), GO:0048471 (perinuclear region of cytoplasm), GO:0005737 (cytoplasm), GO:0012505 (endomembrane system), GO:0005576 (extracellular region), GO:0031410 (cytoplasmic vesicle), GO:0043229 (intracellular organelle), GO:0043227 (membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0030133 (transport vesicle), GO:0043231 (intracellular membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0031982 (vesicle), GO:0097708 (intracellular vesicle), GO:0005634 (nucleus)