Protein: Phytoene desaturase (P21334)
Organism: Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 /
Function: Phytoene desaturase involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Converts phytoene into 3,4-didehydrolycopene via the intermediates phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene and lycopene, by introducing up to five double bonds into phytoene. Is also able to desaturate 1-hydroxyneurosporene into 1-hydroxylycopene and 1- hydroxylycopene into 1-hydroxy-3,4-didehydrolycopene. Gamma-carotene and 1,19-dihydroxylycopene are not accepted as substrates. Neurosporaxanthin is synthesized from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) through several enzymatic activities. Phytoene synthase activity performed by the bifunctional enzyme al-2 first produces phytoene from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). The phytoene dehydrogenase al-1 then introduces 5 desaturations to lead to 3,4-didehydrolycopene via the intermediates phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene and lycopene. Al-2 cyclase activity then converts 3,4-didehydrolycopene into torulene. Al-2 can also convet lycopene into gamma-carotene which in turn is converted to beta- carotene by an additional al-2 cyclization reaction. Torulene is the substrate of the dioxidase cao-2 that breaks the molecule, removing five carbon atoms to yield beta-apo-4'-carotenal, whereas the aldehyde dehydrogenase ylo-1 mediates the last step by converting beta-apo-4'- carotenal into neurosporaxanthin (Probable)
Subcellular location: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein
Sequence: MAETQRPRSAIIVGAGAGGIAVAARLAKAGVDVTVLEKNDFTGGRCSLIHTKAGYRFDQGPSLLLLPGLFRETFEDLGTTLEQEDVELLQCFPNYNIWFSDGKRFSPTTDNATMKVEIEKWEGPDGFRRYLSWLAEGHQHYETSLRHVLHRNFKSILELADPRLVVTLLMALHPFESIWHRAGRYFKTDRMQRVFTFATMYMGMSPFDAPATYSLLQYSELAEGIWYPRGGFHKVLDALVKIGERMGVKYRLNTGVSQVLTDGGKNGKKPKATGVQLENGEVLNADLVVVNADLVYTYNNLLPKEIGGIKKYANKLNNRKASCSSISFYWSLSGMAKELETHNIFLAEEYKESFDAIFERQALPDDPSFYIHVPSRVDPSAAPPDRDAVIALVPVGHLLQNGQPELDWPTLVSKARAGVLATIQARTGLSLSPLITEEIVNTPYTWETKFNLSKGAILGLAHDFFNVLAFRPRTKAQGMDNAYFVGASTHPGTGVPIVLAGAKITAEQILEETFPKNTKVPWTTNEERNSERMRKEMDEKITEEGIIMRSNSSKPGRRGSDAFEGAMEVVNLLSQRAFPLLVALMGVLYFLLFVR
InterPro domains: - IPR036188: FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain superfamily (homologous_superfamily) [6-511]
- IPR008150: Phytoene dehydrogenase, bacterial-type, conserved site (conserved_site) [481-501]
- IPR014105: Carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase (family) [10-518]
- IPR002937: Amine oxidase (domain) [18-294]
Interaction partners: - Bifunctional lycopene cyclase/phytoene synthase
- Probable squalene synthase
- Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase
- Squalene/phytoene synthase
- Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase hisHF
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
- Carotenoid dioxygenase
- 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase, mitochondrial
- glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha
Gene Ontology annotations:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0003824 (catalytic activity), GO:0016491 (oxidoreductase activity), GO:0016627 (oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0008152 (metabolic process), GO:0009987 (cellular process), GO:0009058 (biosynthetic process), GO:0044237 (cellular metabolic process), GO:0071704 (organic substance metabolic process), GO:0044238 (primary metabolic process), GO:0044255 (cellular lipid metabolic process), GO:0044249 (cellular biosynthetic process), GO:0120252 (hydrocarbon metabolic process), GO:1901576 (organic substance biosynthetic process), GO:0006629 (lipid metabolic process), GO:0006720 (isoprenoid metabolic process), GO:0042214 (terpene metabolic process), GO:0120251 (hydrocarbon biosynthetic process), GO:0008299 (isoprenoid biosynthetic process), GO:0008610 (lipid biosynthetic process), GO:0016119 (carotene metabolic process), GO:0046246 (terpene biosynthetic process)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0005622 (intracellular anatomical structure), GO:0043226 (organelle), GO:0016020 (membrane), GO:0005737 (cytoplasm), GO:0012505 (endomembrane system), GO:0031984 (organelle subcompartment), GO:0042175 (nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network), GO:0031090 (organelle membrane), GO:0005783 (endoplasmic reticulum), GO:0043229 (intracellular organelle), GO:0043227 (membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0098827 (endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment), GO:0043231 (intracellular membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0005789 (endoplasmic reticulum membrane)