Protein: Polyglutamylase complex subunit TTLL1 (O95922)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: Catalytic subunit of a polyglutamylase complex which modifies tubulin, generating side chains of glutamate on the gamma-carboxyl group of specific glutamate residues within the C-terminal tail of tubulin. Probably involved in the side-chain elongation step of the polyglutamylation reaction rather than the initiation step. Modifies both alpha- and beta-tubulins with a preference for the alpha-tail. Unlike most polyglutamylases of the tubulin--tyrosine ligase family, only displays a catalytic activity when in complex with other proteins as it is most likely lacking domains important for autonomous activity. Part of the neuronal tubulin polyglutamylase complex. Mediates cilia and flagella polyglutamylation which is essential for their biogenesis and motility. Involved in respiratory motile cilia function through the regulation of beating asymmetry. Essential for sperm flagella biogenesis, motility and male fertility. Involved in KLF4 glutamylation which impedes its ubiquitination, thereby leading to somatic cell reprogramming, pluripotency maintenance and embryogenesis
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium axoneme. Cell projection, cilium, flagellum
Sequence: MAGKVKWVTDIEKSVLINNFEKRGWVQVTENEDWNFYWMSVQTIRNVFSVEAGYRLSDDQIVNHFPNHYELTRKDLMVKNIKRYRKELEKEGSPLAEKDENGKYLYLDFVPVTYMLPADYNLFVEEFRKSPSSTWIMKPCGKAQGKGIFLINKLSQIKKWSRDSKTSSFVSQSNKEAYVISLYINNPLLIGGRKFDLRLYVLVSTYRPLRCYMYKLGFCRFCTVKYTPSTSELDNMFVHLTNVAIQKHGEDYNHIHGGKWTVSNLRLYLESTRGKEVTSKLFDEIHWIIVQSLKAVAPVMNNDKHCFECYGYDIIIDDKLKPWLIEVNASPSLTSSTANDRILKYNLINDTLNIAVPNGEIPDCKWNKSPPKEVLGNYEILYDEELAQGDGADRELRSRQGQSLGPRAGRSRDSGRAVLTTWK
InterPro domains: - IPR004344: Tubulin-tyrosine ligase/Tubulin polyglutamylase (family) [1-367]
Interaction partners: - Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 49
- Nicolin-1
- Tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 2
- Tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 1
- Centriolar satellite-associated tubulin polyglutamylase complex regulator 1
- Enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 3
- TBC1 domain family member 19
- SANT and BTB domain regulator of class switch recombination
Gene Ontology annotations:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0003824 (catalytic activity), GO:0016874 (ligase activity), GO:0140096 (catalytic activity, acting on a protein), GO:0070739 (protein-glutamic acid ligase activity), GO:0016879 (ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds), GO:0016881 (acid-amino acid ligase activity), GO:0070740 (tubulin-glutamic acid ligase activity)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0008152 (metabolic process), GO:0044238 (primary metabolic process), GO:0006807 (nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0071704 (organic substance metabolic process), GO:0043170 (macromolecule metabolic process), GO:1901564 (organonitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0019538 (protein metabolic process), GO:0036211 (protein modification process), GO:0043412 (macromolecule modification), GO:0018193 (peptidyl-amino acid modification), GO:0018200 (peptidyl-glutamic acid modification), GO:0018095 (protein polyglutamylation)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0005737 (cytoplasm), GO:0005829 (cytosol), GO:0005622 (intracellular anatomical structure)