Protein: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH1 (EC 2.1.1.356) (ENX-2) (Enhancer of zeste homolog 1) (Q92800)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of the PRC2/EED-EZH1 complex, which methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. Able to mono-, di- and trimethylate 'Lys-27' of histone H3 to form H3K27me1, H3K27me2 and H3K27me3, respectively. Required for embryonic stem cell derivation and self-renewal, suggesting that it is involved in safeguarding embryonic stem cell identity. Compared to EZH2-containing complexes, it is less abundant in embryonic stem cells, has weak methyltransferase activity and plays a less critical role in forming H3K27me3, which is required for embryonic stem cell identity and proper differentiation.
Subcellular location: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19026781}. Note=Colocalizes with trimethylated 'Lys-27' of histone H3.
Sequence: MEIPNPPTSKCITYWKRKVKSEYMRLRQLKRLQANMGAKALYVANFAKVQEKTQILNEEWKKLRVQPVQSMKPVSGHPFLKKCTIESIFPGFASQHMLMRSLNTVALVPIMYSWSPLQQNFMVEDETVLCNIPYMGDEVKEEDETFIEELINNYDGKVHGEEEMIPGSVLISDAVFLELVDALNQYSDEEEEGHNDTSDGKQDDSKEDLPVTRKRKRHAIEGNKKSSKKQFPNDMIFSAIASMFPENGVPDDMKERYRELTEMSDPNALPPQCTPNIDGPNAKSVQREQSLHSFHTLFCRRCFKYDCFLHPFHATPNVYKRKNKEIKIEPEPCGTDCFLLLEGAKEYAMLHNPRSKCSGRRRRRHHIVSASCSNASASAVAETKEGDSDRDTGNDWASSSSEANSRCQTPTKQKASPAPPQLCVVEAPSEPVEWTGAEESLFRVFHGTYFNNFCSIARLLGTKTCKQVFQFAVKESLILKLPTDELMNPSQKKKRKHRLWAAHCRKIQLKKDNSSTQVYNYQPCDHPDRPCDSTCPCIMTQNFCEKFCQCNPDCQNRFPGCRCKTQCNTKQCPCYLAVRECDPDLCLTCGASEHWDCKVVSCKNCSIQRGLKKHLLLAPSDVAGWGTFIKESVQKNEFISEYCGELISQDEADRRGKVYDKYMSSFLFNLNNDFVVDATRKGNKIRFANHSVNPNCYAKVVMVNGDHRIGIFAKRAIQAGEELFFDYRYSQADALKYVGIERETDVL
InterPro domains: - IPR045318: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH1/2-like (family) [12-742]
- IPR021654: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH1/EZH2 (family) [39-68]
- IPR041343: Polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit EZH1/EZH2, tri-helical domain (domain) [159-262]
- IPR041355: Pre-SET CXC domain (domain) [560-591]
- IPR026489: CXC domain (domain) [504-606]
- IPR046341: SET domain superfamily (homologous_superfamily) [511-737]
- IPR001005: SANT/Myb domain (domain) [135-478]
- IPR048358: EZH1/2, MCSS domain (domain) [270-322]
- IPR033467: Tesmin/TSO1-like CXC domain (domain) [556-593]
- IPR044438: EZH1, SET domain (domain) [608-743]
- IPR001214: SET domain (domain) [613-734]
Interaction partners: - Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2
- Polycomb protein SUZ12
- Polycomb protein EED
- Histone-binding protein RBBP7
- Histone-binding protein RBBP4
- Zinc finger protein AEBP2
- Protein Jumonji
- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1
- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2
- PHD finger protein 19
Gene Ontology annotations:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0005488 (binding), GO:0003824 (catalytic activity), GO:0140110 (transcription regulator activity), GO:0016740 (transferase activity), GO:0005515 (protein binding), GO:0140096 (catalytic activity, acting on a protein), GO:0003712 (transcription coregulator activity), GO:0008134 (transcription factor binding), GO:0016741 (transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups), GO:0003714 (transcription corepressor activity), GO:0008276 (protein methyltransferase activity), GO:0016279 (protein-lysine N-methyltransferase activity), GO:0008168 (methyltransferase activity), GO:0042054 (histone methyltransferase activity), GO:0018024 (histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity), GO:0140938 (histone H3 methyltransferase activity), GO:0008757 (S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity), GO:0008170 (N-methyltransferase activity), GO:0016278 (lysine N-methyltransferase activity)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0008152 (metabolic process), GO:0048518 (positive regulation of biological process), GO:0050789 (regulation of biological process), GO:0065007 (biological regulation), GO:0009987 (cellular process), GO:0048519 (negative regulation of biological process), GO:0032259 (methylation), GO:0019222 (regulation of metabolic process), GO:0006807 (nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0071840 (cellular component organization or biogenesis), GO:0071704 (organic substance metabolic process), GO:0009892 (negative regulation of metabolic process), GO:0044237 (cellular metabolic process), GO:0050794 (regulation of cellular process), GO:0009893 (positive regulation of metabolic process), GO:0048523 (negative regulation of cellular process), GO:0044238 (primary metabolic process), GO:0048522 (positive regulation of cellular process), GO:0051172 (negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:1901564 (organonitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0010604 (positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0019538 (protein metabolic process), GO:0060255 (regulation of macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0043414 (macromolecule methylation), GO:0031324 (negative regulation of cellular metabolic process), GO:0043170 (macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0009891 (positive regulation of biosynthetic process), GO:0031325 (positive regulation of cellular metabolic process), GO:0010605 (negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0009889 (regulation of biosynthetic process), GO:0051171 (regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0051173 (positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0031323 (regulation of cellular metabolic process), GO:0016043 (cellular component organization), GO:0009890 (negative regulation of biosynthetic process), GO:0080090 (regulation of primary metabolic process), GO:0044260 (cellular macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0006479 (protein methylation), GO:0010556 (regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process), GO:0006325 (chromatin organization), GO:0010468 (regulation of gene expression), GO:0036211 (protein modification process), GO:0010557 (positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process), GO:0045935 (positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process), GO:0051254 (positive regulation of RNA metabolic process), GO:0043412 (macromolecule modification), GO:0031326 (regulation of cellular biosynthetic process), GO:0019219 (regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process), GO:0010558 (negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process), GO:0031327 (negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process), GO:0051252 (regulation of RNA metabolic process), GO:0051253 (negative regulation of RNA metabolic process), GO:0045934 (negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process), GO:0031328 (positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process), GO:0008213 (protein alkylation), GO:2001141 (regulation of RNA biosynthetic process), GO:0006355 (regulation of DNA-templated transcription), GO:0018193 (peptidyl-amino acid modification), GO:0018022 (peptidyl-lysine methylation), GO:1902680 (positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process), GO:1902679 (negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process), GO:0016571 (histone methylation), GO:0016570 (histone modification), GO:0006357 (regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II), GO:0034968 (histone lysine methylation), GO:0045893 (positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription), GO:0045892 (negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription), GO:1903507 (negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription), GO:1903508 (positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription), GO:1903506 (regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription), GO:0018205 (peptidyl-lysine modification), GO:0045944 (positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II), GO:0070734 (histone H3-K27 methylation), GO:0140718 (facultative heterochromatin formation), GO:0000122 (negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0005622 (intracellular anatomical structure), GO:0043226 (organelle), GO:0031974 (membrane-enclosed lumen), GO:0005654 (nucleoplasm), GO:0043229 (intracellular organelle), GO:0043233 (organelle lumen), GO:0043227 (membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0043231 (intracellular membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0070013 (intracellular organelle lumen), GO:0031981 (nuclear lumen), GO:0005634 (nucleus)