Protein: Acyl-CoA desaturase 1 (EC 1.14.19.1) (Delta(9)-desaturase 1) (Delta-9 desaturase 1) (Fatty acid desaturase 1) (Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1) (P07308)
Organism: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
Function: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase that utilizes O(2) and electrons from reduced cytochrome b5 to introduce the first double bond into saturated fatty acyl-CoA substrates. Catalyzes the insertion of a cis double bond at the Delta-9 position into fatty acyl-CoA substrates including palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA. Gives rise to a mixture of 16:1 and 18:1 unsaturated fatty acids. Plays an important role in lipid biosynthesis. Plays an important role in regulating the expression of genes that are involved in lipogenesis and in regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (By similarity). Plays an important role in body energy homeostasis (By similarity). Contributes to the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids, cholesterol esters and triglycerides. Required for normal development of sebaceous glands. Required for the biosynthesis of normal levels of Delta-9 unsaturated fatty acids and 1-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol in the Harderian gland. Required for normal production of meibum, an oily material that prevents drying of the cornea (By similarity).
Subcellular location: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O00767}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2892838}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2892838}.
Sequence: MPAHMLQEISSSYTTTTTITEPPSGNLQNGREKMKKVPLYLEEDIRPEMREDIHDPSYQDEEGPPPKLEYVWRNIILMALLHVGALYGITLIPSSKVYTLLWGIFYYLISALGITAGAHRLWSHRTYKARLPLRIFLIIANTMAFQNDVYEWARDHRAHHKFSETHADPHNSRRGFFFSHVGWLLVRKHPAVKEKGGKLDMSDLKAEKLVMFQRRYYKPGLLLMCFILPTLVPWYCWGETFLHSLFVSTFLRYTLVLNATWLVNSAAHLYGYRPYDKNIQSRENILVSLGAVGEGFHNYHHAFPYDYSASEYRWHINFTTFFIDCMAALGLAYDRKKVSKAAVLARIKRTGDGSHKSS
InterPro domains: - IPR015876: Acyl-CoA desaturase (family) [51-356]
- IPR001522: Fatty acid desaturase type 1, conserved site (conserved_site) [293-307]
Interaction partners: - Fatty acid synthase
- Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2
- Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1
- Cytochrome b5 type B
- Cytochrome b5
- Very long chain fatty acid elongase 6
- ATP-citrate synthase
- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
Gene Ontology annotations:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0003824 (catalytic activity), GO:0016491 (oxidoreductase activity), GO:0016705 (oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen), GO:0016717 (oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water), GO:0016215 (acyl-CoA desaturase activity), GO:0004768 (stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0008152 (metabolic process), GO:0050896 (response to stimulus), GO:0032502 (developmental process), GO:0009987 (cellular process), GO:0032501 (multicellular organismal process), GO:0048856 (anatomical structure development), GO:0007275 (multicellular organism development), GO:0009058 (biosynthetic process), GO:0044237 (cellular metabolic process), GO:0042221 (response to chemical), GO:0044281 (small molecule metabolic process), GO:0007272 (ensheathment of neurons), GO:0071704 (organic substance metabolic process), GO:0044238 (primary metabolic process), GO:1901576 (organic substance biosynthetic process), GO:0008366 (axon ensheathment), GO:0006629 (lipid metabolic process), GO:0044283 (small molecule biosynthetic process), GO:0006082 (organic acid metabolic process), GO:0048731 (system development), GO:0044255 (cellular lipid metabolic process), GO:0044249 (cellular biosynthetic process), GO:1901700 (response to oxygen-containing compound), GO:0010033 (response to organic substance), GO:0006631 (fatty acid metabolic process), GO:0007399 (nervous system development), GO:0042552 (myelination), GO:0043436 (oxoacid metabolic process), GO:0033993 (response to lipid), GO:0016053 (organic acid biosynthetic process), GO:0008610 (lipid biosynthetic process), GO:0070542 (response to fatty acid), GO:0006633 (fatty acid biosynthetic process), GO:0019752 (carboxylic acid metabolic process), GO:0046394 (carboxylic acid biosynthetic process), GO:0072330 (monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process), GO:0032787 (monocarboxylic acid metabolic process)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0005622 (intracellular anatomical structure), GO:0043226 (organelle), GO:0016020 (membrane), GO:0005737 (cytoplasm), GO:0012505 (endomembrane system), GO:0031984 (organelle subcompartment), GO:0042175 (nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network), GO:0031090 (organelle membrane), GO:0005783 (endoplasmic reticulum), GO:0043229 (intracellular organelle), GO:0043227 (membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0098827 (endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment), GO:0043231 (intracellular membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0005789 (endoplasmic reticulum membrane)