Security advisory GHSA-hpr9-3m2g-3j9p: Django vulnerable to SQL injection in column aliases
Package: django (pypi), vulnerable version: 4.2.24, fixed in: 4.2.25
CWE: CWE-89
Files changed by the fix:
django/db/models/sql/query.py

Fix diff:
diff --git a/django/db/models/sql/query.py b/django/db/models/sql/query.py
index 39ecab2e91ea..84950d4ec069 100644
--- a/django/db/models/sql/query.py
+++ b/django/db/models/sql/query.py
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@
 __all__ = ["Query", "RawQuery"]
 
 # RemovedInDjango70Warning: When the deprecation ends, replace with:
-# Quotation marks ('"`[]), whitespace characters, semicolons, percent signs
-# or inline SQL comments are forbidden in column aliases.
-# FORBIDDEN_ALIAS_PATTERN = _lazy_re_compile(r"['`\"\]\[;\s]|%|--|/\*|\*/")
-# Quotation marks ('"`[]), whitespace characters, semicolons, or inline
+# Quotation marks ('"`[]), whitespace characters, semicolons, percent signs,
+# hashes, or inline SQL comments are forbidden in column aliases.
+# FORBIDDEN_ALIAS_PATTERN = _lazy_re_compile(r"['`\"\]\[;\s]|%|#|--|/\*|\*/")
+# Quotation marks ('"`[]), whitespace characters, semicolons, hashes, or inline
 # SQL comments are forbidden in column aliases.
-FORBIDDEN_ALIAS_PATTERN = _lazy_re_compile(r"['`\"\]\[;\s]|--|/\*|\*/")
+FORBIDDEN_ALIAS_PATTERN = _lazy_re_compile(r"['`\"\]\[;\s]|#|--|/\*|\*/")
 
 # Inspired from
 # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS
@@ -1222,11 +1222,12 @@ def check_alias(self, alias):
             )
         if FORBIDDEN_ALIAS_PATTERN.search(alias):
             raise ValueError(
-                "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
+                "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, "
                 # RemovedInDjango70Warning: When the deprecation ends, replace
                 # with:
-                # "semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
-                "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+                # "quotation marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL "
+                # "comments."
+                "quotation marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
             )
 
     def add_annotation(self, annotation, alias, select=True):
diff --git a/docs/releases/4.2.25.txt b/docs/releases/4.2.25.txt
index 69f238c3c19a..5412777055bf 100644
--- a/docs/releases/4.2.25.txt
+++ b/docs/releases/4.2.25.txt
@@ -7,4 +7,11 @@ Django 4.2.25 release notes
 Django 4.2.25 fixes one security issue with severity "high" and one security
 issue with severity "low" in 4.2.24.
 
-...
+CVE-2025-59681: Potential SQL injection in ``QuerySet.annotate()``, ``alias()``, ``aggregate()``, and ``extra()`` on MySQL and MariaDB
+======================================================================================================================================
+
+:meth:`.QuerySet.annotate`, :meth:`~.QuerySet.alias`,
+:meth:`~.QuerySet.aggregate`, and :meth:`~.QuerySet.extra` methods were subject
+to SQL injection in column aliases, using a suitably crafted dictionary, with
+dictionary expansion, as the ``**kwargs`` passed to these methods (follow up to
+:cve:`2022-28346`).
diff --git a/docs/releases/5.1.13.txt b/docs/releases/5.1.13.txt
index a181694be28a..96b81c0102e8 100644
--- a/docs/releases/5.1.13.txt
+++ b/docs/releases/5.1.13.txt
@@ -7,4 +7,11 @@ Django 5.1.13 release notes
 Django 5.1.13 fixes one security issue with severity "high" and one security
 issue with severity "low" in 5.1.12.
 
-...
+CVE-2025-59681: Potential SQL injection in ``QuerySet.annotate()``, ``alias()``, ``aggregate()``, and ``extra()`` on MySQL and MariaDB
+======================================================================================================================================
+
+:meth:`.QuerySet.annotate`, :meth:`~.QuerySet.alias`,
+:meth:`~.QuerySet.aggregate`, and :meth:`~.QuerySet.extra` methods were subject
+to SQL injection in column aliases, using a suitably crafted dictionary, with
+dictionary expansion, as the ``**kwargs`` passed to these methods (follow up to
+:cve:`2022-28346`).
diff --git a/docs/releases/5.2.7.txt b/docs/releases/5.2.7.txt
index 11dcff6c7c93..05d03a991e90 100644
--- a/docs/releases/5.2.7.txt
+++ b/docs/releases/5.2.7.txt
@@ -8,6 +8,15 @@ Django 5.2.7 fixes one security issue with severity "high", one security issue
 with severity "low", and one bug in 5.2.6. Also, the latest string translations
 from Transifex are incorporated.
 
+CVE-2025-59681: Potential SQL injection in ``QuerySet.annotate()``, ``alias()``, ``aggregate()``, and ``extra()`` on MySQL and MariaDB
+======================================================================================================================================
+
+:meth:`.QuerySet.annotate`, :meth:`~.QuerySet.alias`,
+:meth:`~.QuerySet.aggregate`, and :meth:`~.QuerySet.extra` methods were subject
+to SQL injection in column aliases, using a suitably crafted dictionary, with
+dictionary expansion, as the ``**kwargs`` passed to these methods (follow up to
+:cve:`2022-28346`).
+
 Bugfixes
 ========
 
diff --git a/tests/aggregation/tests.py b/tests/aggregation/tests.py
index bd33a532b350..f2ec4bd3436c 100644
--- a/tests/aggregation/tests.py
+++ b/tests/aggregation/tests.py
@@ -2244,8 +2244,8 @@ def test_exists_none_with_aggregate(self):
     def test_alias_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "aggregation_author"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Author.objects.aggregate(**{crafted_alias: Avg("age")})
diff --git a/tests/annotations/tests.py b/tests/annotations/tests.py
index cf1eebf8d7a3..a114480d48e6 100644
--- a/tests/annotations/tests.py
+++ b/tests/annotations/tests.py
@@ -1161,12 +1161,12 @@ def test_alias_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "annotations_book"; --"""
         # RemovedInDjango70Warning: When the deprecation ends, replace with:
         # msg = (
-        #    "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation "
-        #    "marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
+        #    "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, "
+        #    "quotation marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
         # )
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Book.objects.annotate(**{crafted_alias: Value(1)})
@@ -1175,12 +1175,12 @@ def test_alias_filtered_relation_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "annotations_book"; --"""
         # RemovedInDjango70Warning: When the deprecation ends, replace with:
         # msg = (
-        #    "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation "
-        #    "marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
+        #    "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, "
+        #    "quotation marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
         # )
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Book.objects.annotate(**{crafted_alias: FilteredRelation("author")})
@@ -1199,18 +1199,19 @@ def test_alias_forbidden_chars(self):
             "alias;",
             # RemovedInDjango70Warning: When the deprecation ends, add this:
             # "alias%",
-            # [] are used by MSSQL.
+            # [] and # are used by MSSQL.
             "alias[",
             "alias]",
+            "ali#as",
         ]
         # RemovedInDjango70Warning: When the deprecation ends, replace with:
         # msg = (
-        #    "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation "
-        #    "marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
+        #    "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, "
+        #    "quotation marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
         # )
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         for crafted_alias in tests:
             with self.subTest(crafted_alias):
@@ -1516,12 +1517,12 @@ def test_alias_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "annotations_book"; --"""
         # RemovedInDjango70Warning: When the deprecation ends, replace with:
         # msg = (
-        #    "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation "
-        #    "marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
+        #    "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, "
+        #    "quotation marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
         # )
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Book.objects.alias(**{crafted_alias: Value(1)})
@@ -1530,12 +1531,12 @@ def test_alias_filtered_relation_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "annotations_book"; --"""
         # RemovedInDjango70Warning: When the deprecation ends, replace with:
         # msg = (
-        #    "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation "
-        #    "marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
+        #    "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, "
+        #    "quotation marks, semicolons, percent signs, or SQL comments."
         # )
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Book.objects.alias(**{crafted_alias: FilteredRelation("authors")})
diff --git a/tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py b/tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py
index 70e9166655d4..24f22e818751 100644
--- a/tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py
+++ b/tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ def test_values_expression_containing_percent_sign_deprecation_warns_once(self):
     def test_values_expression_alias_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "expressions_company"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Company.objects.values(**{crafted_alias: F("ceo__salary")})
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ def test_values_expression_alias_sql_injection(self):
     def test_values_expression_alias_sql_injection_json_field(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "expressions_company"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             JSONFieldModel.objects.values(f"data__{crafted_alias}")
diff --git a/tests/queries/tests.py b/tests/queries/tests.py
index 4158a9a596d0..4ee457271904 100644
--- a/tests/queries/tests.py
+++ b/tests/queries/tests.py
@@ -1967,8 +1967,8 @@ def test_extra_select_literal_percent_s(self):
     def test_extra_select_alias_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "queries_note"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Note.objects.extra(select={crafted_alias: "1"})