waashk/dblp huggingface dataset:
human-centered computing in international development. this workshop continues the dialog on exploring the challenges in applying, extending, and inventing appropriate methods and contributions of humancentered computing (hcc) to international economic and community development, borne out of tremendously successful hci4d workshops at chi 2007 and 2008. the workshop aims at 1) providing a platform to discuss interaction design practices that allow for meaningful embedding of interactive systems in the cultural, infrastructural, and political settings where they will be used 2) addressing interaction design issues in developing regions, as well as areas in the developed world marginalized by poverty or other barriers. we hope to continue to extend the boundaries of the field of humancentered computing (hcc) by spurring on more discussion on how existing methods and practices can be adapted/ modified, and how new practices be developed, to combat
burn your memory away: one-time use video capture and storage device to encourage memory appreciation. although modern ease of access to technology enables many of us to obsessively document our lives, much of the captured digital content is often disregarded and forgotten on storage devices, with no concerns of cost or decay. can we design technology that helps people better appreciate captured memories? what would people do if they only had one more chance to relive past memories? in this paper, we present a prototype design, py-rom, a matchstick-like video recording and storage device that burns itself away after being used. this encourages designers to consider lifecycles and human-computer relationships by integrating physical properties into digitally augmenting everyday objects.
driving user centered design into it organizations: is it possible? in many organizations, actively engaging in user-centered design (ucd) techniques is standard practice when delivering products into the commercial marketplace or to external customers. but in these same organizations -- or in organizations not delivering products to an external customer -- the creation of systems for use by employees is a conversation between it and the business unit. ucd professionals are either not participating, or they have very limited influence. this sig creates a forum for people with real-world experience and challenges to discuss how -- and whether it is even possible -- to bring ucd into the it organization.
ptz control with head tracking for video chat. this paper describes a user interface for video chat that is capable of panning, tilting, and zooming (ptz) operation using head tracking. the approach is to map a captured 3d position from head tracker to ptz parameters of a remote camera so that a user can intuitively change the view just as people change their sight by moving their head. the preliminary user study gave encouraging results and clarified the point for further improvement.
are people drawn to faces on webpages? three studies were conducted to investigate the effects of faces on webpages. in study i, eye-tracking data showed that users were clearly drawn to faces when asked to look at pages and report what they remember. in study ii, the presence of a face next to a message on a webpage caused users to have a harder time finding that message. in study iii, photos of the authors of opinion articles caused users to be less likely to find the article and to give the page worse ratings.
designing for and with diaspora: a case study of work for the truth and reconciliation commission of liberia. we describe our experiences in designing new media technologies in cooperation with liberia's truth and reconciliation commission. this work includes two major projects: a dynamic, interactive web site for the commission, and a mobile video-sharing kiosk intended for use in-country where connectivity is limited. we place specific focus on our design exercises with members of the liberian diaspora in atlanta. our report includes lessons learned both in designing technologies directly for diaspora users, and in using diaspora members as surrogates for users in-country. these lessons include the need to recognize diversity even within the diaspora community, the sensitivity of content to cultural nuances, and the overall value of the perspective of interaction with diaspora members.
designing for all users: including the odd users. the field of hci has played an important role in broadening the spectrum of users of computational artifacts. however, users with extreme preferences are mostly ignored by the designers and researchers because they do not constitute a large portion of the market and the users lack generalizable characteristics. in order to further discuss these concerns, this paper introduces a case about the extreme users and the challenges they face. the paper ends with discussing future directions and challenges in designing for all users in the field of hci.
mediating programming through chat for the olpc. we built a text-based programming environment that enables youth to design and implement a chat client for the one laptop per child xo. the environment allows users to program and chat simultaneously. we conducted two one-week workshops at a girl scout camp to test user engagement with the environment. in this paper, we examine how chat mediated the programming experience in a collocated environment and its implications for motivating participation in computing.
low-cost gaze interaction: ready to deliver the promises. eye movements are the only means of communication for some severely disabled people. however, the high prices of commercial eye tracking systems limit the access to this technology. in this pilot study we compare the performance of a low-cost, webcam-based gaze tracker that we have developed with two commercial trackers in two different tasks: target acquisition and eye typing. from analyses on throughput, words per minute and error rates we conclude that a low-cost solution can be as efficient as expensive commercial systems.
spectator understanding of error in performance. the development of computer-based devices for music control has created a need to study how spectators understand new performance technologies and practices. as a part of a larger project examining how interactions with technology can be communicated to spectators, we present a model of a spectator's understanding of error by a performer. this model is broadly applicable throughout hci, as interactions with technology are increasingly public and spectatorship is becoming more common.
edible earth: dining on seasonal and local ingredients. college students are primarily concerned with the price and convenience of the food they choose to eat. environmental impact is not a consideration in their food decisions. we present a web-based solution that simplifies meal choices and addresses the perception that home-prepared meals are inconvenient and expensive. the solution provides a web service that suggests convenient recipes that use local and seasonal ingredients tailored to the user's location. this promotes sustainable food purchasing habits. the solution uses a location-aware mobile device as an example platform. the study presents the participatory design process that informed the development of this solution.
rehabilitation of handwriting skills in stroke patients using interactive games: a pilot study. this paper describes an interactive application that aims to support the rehabilitation of handwriting skills in people that suffer from paralysis after a stroke. the purpose of the application is to make the rehabilitation of handwriting skills fun and engaging. four platform-independent games with adjustable levels of difficulty were created in order to target varying levels of skills. the application also features a performance history, audio-visual feedback, and posture reminders. it was evaluated with medical staff and patients from the hoensbroeck rehabilitation centre in the netherlands. the initial results indicated that the games are more motivating and fun than traditional pen and paper exercises. the feedback received from therapists supports our claim that the games are a useful addition to the rehabilitation of handwriting.
new tools for task workflow analysis. this paper describes first steps in the use of a technique for the visualization, and analysis of users' workflows, well-suited to the study of user behavior in the completion of complex tasks.
"hiya-atsu" media: augmenting digital media with temperature. despite the development of many types of telecommunication systems, it is still hard to convey various types of information in an expressive manner to a remote partner. our research focuses on using variations in temperature to achieve this. hiya-atsu-mouse, which we developed to implement this idea, is a mouse device with thermal capabilities; the device becomes warmer or colder to the user's palm or fingertip according to the "temperature" of objects on the computer screen. this article evaluates the thermal performance of the device. the comments made by users are collected. finally, we introduce a practical hiya-atsu-mouse and describe it in operation.
dying, death, and mortality: towards thanatosensitivity in hci. what happens to human-computer "interaction" when the human user is no longer alive? this exploratory paper uses insights from the critical humanist tradition to argue for the urgent need to consider the facts of mortality, dying, and death in hci research. using an interdisciplinary approach, we critically reflect upon how the intersection of death and computing is currently navigated and illustrate the conceptual and practical complexities presented by mortality, dying, and death in hci. finally, we introduce the concept of thanatosensitivity to describe an approach that actively integrates the facts of mortality, dying, and death into hci research and design.
automatic retargeting of web page content. we present a novel technique for automatically retargeting content from one web page onto the layout of another. web pages are decomposed into their perceptual hierarchical representations. we then use a structured-prediction algorithm to learn reasonable mappings between the perceptual trees. using the mappings, we are able to merge the content of one page with the layout of another.
contemporary domestic infrastructures and technology design. in this proposal, i describe my examination of two contemporary domestic infrastructures. specifically, i am investigating whether we need to surface more information about these systems to make them intelligible to end-users. i describe my empirical research to date and the design of two technology probes which i will use to learn more how home infrastructure affects domestic technology design.
generating affective music icons in the emotion plane. in this paper, we discuss the generation of icons that represent the emotion expressed in music. we use the emotion plane for connecting the music with the icon shape affectively. a model to project arbitrary music on the plane is introduced using the result of a user survey and various features of audio signals. icon shapes are located on the plane from the result of user survey. the icon shape of the input music is obtained by blending neighbor icon shapes of the point of the music on the emotion plane. using this method, one can easily guess the emotion of music from the corresponding icon shape and find the music he or she wants.
knowledge-based extraction of named entities. the usual approach to named-entity detection is to learn extraction rules that rely on linguistic, syntactic, or document format patterns that are consistent across a set of documents. however, when there is no consistency among documents, it may be more effective to learn document-specific extraction rules.this paper presents a knowledge-based approach to learning rules for named-entity extraction. document-specific extraction rules are created using a generate-and-test paradigm and a database of known named-entities. experimental results show that this approach is effective on web documents that are difficult for the usual methods.
expertise identification using email communications. a common method for finding information in an organization is to use social networks---ask people, following referrals until someone with the right information is found. another way is to automatically mine documents to determine who knows what. email documents seem particularly well suited to this task of "expertise location", as people routinely communicate what they know. moreover, because people explicitly direct email to one another, social networks are likely to be contained in the patterns of communication. can these patterns be used to discover experts on particular topics? is this approach better than mining message content alone? to find answers to these questions, two algorithms for determining expertise from email were compared: a content-based approach that takes account only of email text, and a graph-based ranking algorithm (hits) that takes account both of text and communication patterns. an evaluation was done using email and explicit expertise ratings from two different organizations. the rankings given by each algorithm were compared to the explicit rankings with the precision and recall measures commonly used in information retrieval, as well as the d' measure commonly used in signal-detection theory. results show that the graph-based algorithm performs better than the content-based algorithm at identifying experts in both cases, demonstrating that the graph-based algorithm effectively extracts more information than is found in content alone.
mining officially unrecognized side effects of drugs by combining web search and machine learning. we consider the problem of finding officially unrecognized side effects of drugs. by submitting queries to the web involving a given drug name, it is possible to retrieve pages concerning the drug. however, many retrieved pages are irrelevant and some relevant pages are not retrieved. more relevant pages can be obtained by adding the active ingredient of the drug to the query. in order to eliminate irrelevant pages, we propose a machine learning process to filter out the undesirable pages. the process is shown experimentally to be very effective. since obtaining training data for the machine learning process can be time consuming and expensive, we provide an automatic method to generate the training data. the method is also shown to be very accurate. the side effects of three drugs which are not recognized by fda are validated by an expert. we believe that the same approach can be applied to many real life problems and will yield high precision. thus, this could lead a new way to perform retrieval with high accuracy.
securing xml data in third-party distribution systems. web-based third-party architectures for data publishing are today receiving growing attention, due to their scalability and the ability to efficiently manage large numbers of users and great amounts of data. a third-party architecture relies on a distinction between the owner and the publisher of information. the owner is the producer of information, whereas publisher provides data management services and query processing functions for (a portion of) the owner's information. in such architecture, there are important security concerns especially if we do not want to make any assumption on the trustworthy of the publishers. although approaches have been proposed [4, 5] providing partial solutions to this problem, no comprehensive framework has been so far developed able to support all the most important security properties in the presence of an untrusted publisher. in this paper, we develop an xml-based solution to such problem, which makes use of non-conventional digital signature techniques and queries over encrypted data.
incremental test collections. corpora and topics are readily available for information retrieval research. relevance judgments, which are necessary for system evaluation, are expensive; the cost of obtaining them prohibits in-house evaluation of retrieval systems on new corpora or new topics. we present an algorithm for cheaply constructing sets of relevance judgments. our method intelligently selects documents to be judged and decides when to stop in such a way that with very little work there can be a high degree of confidence in the result of the evaluation. we demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness by showing that it produces small sets of relevance judgments that reliably discriminate between two systems. the algorithm can be used to incrementally design retrieval systems by simultaneously comparing sets of systems. the number of additional judgments needed after each incremental design change decreases at a rate reciprocal to the number of systems being compared. to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we evaluate trec ad hoc submissions, showing that with 95% fewer relevance judgments we can reach a kendall's tau rank correlation of at least 0.9.
misuse detection for information retrieval systems. we present a novel approach to detect misuse within an information retrieval system by gathering and maintaining knowledge of the behavior of the user rather than anticipating attacks by unknown assailants. our approach is based on building and maintaining a profile of the behavior of the system user through tracking, or monitoring of user activity within the information retrieval system. any new activity of the user is compared to the user profile to detect a potential misuse for the authorized user. we propose four different methods to detect misuse in information retrieval systems. our experimental results on $2$ gb collection favorably demonstrate the validity of our approach.
a new cache replacement algorithm for the integration of web caching and prefectching. web caching and web prefetching are two important techniques to reduce the noticeable response time perceived by users. note that by integrating web caching and web prefetching, these two techniques can complement each other since web caching technique exploits the temporal locality whereas web prefetching technique utilizes the spatial locality of web objects. however, without circumspect design, the integration of these two techniques might cause significant performance degradation to each other. in view of this, we propose in this paper an innovative cache replacement algorithm, which not only considers the caching effect in the web environment but also evaluates the prefetching rules provided by various prefetching schemes. specifically, we formulate a normalized profit function to evaluate the profit from caching an object (i.e., either a non-implied object or an implied object according to some prefetching rule). based on the normalized profit function devised, we devise an innovative web cache replacement algorithm, referred to as algorithm iwcp (standing for the integration of web caching and prefetching). using an event-driven simulation, we evaluate the performance of algorithm iwcp under several circumstances. the experimental results show that algorithm iwcp consistently outperforms the companion schemes in various performance metrics.
: adaptively monitoring the recent change of frequent itemsets over online data streams. knowledge embedded in a data stream is likely to be changed as time goes by. consequently, identifying the recent change of the knowledge quickly can provide valuable information for the analysis of the data stream. however, most of mining algorithms or frequency approximation algorithms for a data stream do not able to extract the recent change of information in a data stream adaptively. this paper proposes a sliding window-based method that finds recently frequent itemsets over an online data stream adaptively. the size of a window defines a desired life-time of the information in a newly generated transaction. consequently, only recently generated transactions in the range of the window are considered to find the frequent itemsets of a data stream.
a geometric interpretation and analysis of r-precision. average precision and r-precision are two of the most commonly cited measures of overall retrieval performance, but their correlation, though well-known, has defied explanation. we recently devised a geometric interpretation of r-precision which suggests that under a reasonable set of assumptions, r-precision approximates the area under the precision-recall curve, as does average precision, thus explaining their correlation. in this paper, we consider these assumptions and our geometric interpretation of r-precision in order to further understand, and make reasonable use of, the information that r-precision provides. given our geometric interpretation of r-precision, we show that r-precision is highly informative by demonstrating that it can be used to (1) accurately infer precision-recall curves, (2) accurately infer other measures of retrieval performance, and (3) devise new measures of retrieval performance. through our analysis, we also state the conditions under which r-precision is informative.
towards maintaining consistency of spatial databases. this paper focuses on the consistency issues related to integrating multiple sets of spatial data in spatial information systems such as geographic information systems (giss). data sets to be integrated are assumed to hold information about the same geographic features which can be drawn from different sources at different times, which may vary in reliability and accuracy, and which may vary in the scale of presentation resulting in possible multiple spatial representations for these features. a systematic approach is proposed which relies first on breaking down the consistency issue by identifying a range of consistency classes which can be checked in isolation. these classes are a representative set of properties and relationships which can completely identify the geographic objects in the data sets. different levels of consistency are then proposed, namely, total, partial and conditional, which can be checked for every consistency class. this provides the flexibility for two data sets to be integrated without necessarily being totally consistent in every aspect. the second step of the proposed approach is to explicitly represent the different classes and levels of consistency in the system. as an example, a simple structure which stores adjacency relationships is given which can be used for the explicit representation of topological consistency. the paper also proposes that the set of consistent knowledge in the data sets (which is mostly qualitative) be explicitly represented in the database and that uncertainty or ambiguity inherent in the knowledge be represented as well.
obsolescent materialized views in query processing of enterprise information systems. in recent years, query processing has become more complex as data sources are frequently replicated and data are periodically processed and embedded within several data sources simultaneously. these trends have necessitated the optimization of techniques for query processing in order to exploit these new alternatives. accordingly, this paper introduces an improved query optimization technique, which is capable of assessing query plans that use both current and obsolescent data. in particular, we provide a cost model by which the trade-offs of using obsolescent materialized views can be evaluated and we also discuss the method's applicability to contemporary query optimization techniques.