waashk/acm huggingface dataset:
information resource management: theory applied  information resource management (irm) grew out of the efforts of the federal paperwork commission and the leadership of dr. forrest woody horton, during the 1970s. the diebold group claims that it first introduced the irm concept to the business world in one of its proprietary client reports in 1977. whatever the origin, the concept of irm is well established within the federal government through the enactment of the paperwork reduction act of 1980. this legislation was signed by the president on december 11, 1980 and became pl 96-511.  during the past year federal agencies have been required to develop and implement the irm concept in their organizations. in the private sector many large firms and other organizations have implemented the irm concept or are making plans to do so. it was the anticipation of the enactment of the legislation and the appointment of corporate vice presidents for irm management, such as at the mcdonnell douglas corporation, which encouraged us to offer a graduate course in irm last fall. it was well received and is being offered again this fall.  boulton b. miller
a new approach to security system development  the development of a security system is generally performed through a multiphase methodology, starting from the initial preliminary analisys of the application environment, up to the physical implementation of the security mechanisms. in this framework, we propose a new approach for the development of security systems based on the reuse of existing security specifications. in the paper we illustrate how reusable specifications can be built by analyzing existing security systems, and how they can be used to develop new security systems not from scratch.  silvana castano giancarlo martella pierangela samarati
a comparative investigation of ethical decision making: information systems professionals versus students as information technology evolves, it continues to raise new ethical challenges. in recognition of this, the business and academic communities have focused increased attention on ethics. professional codes of ethics have been enacted by the acm, aitp, and other computing organizations to provide guidance to information systems (is) professionals in resolving ethical dilemmas. in addition, the is'95 model curriculum and the american assembly of collegiate schools of business (aacsb) guidelines for business education both recognize the importance of ethics in business educational programs.this paper explores an important question that has been neglected by previous research: do is professionals differ significantly from students in terms of their perceptions about ethical issues? two studies were conducted and they revealed a number of ethical decision-making differences between professionals and students. this result, along with an additional finding that participants showed little consensus about most ethical scenarios, suggests that ethical decision making is often difficult and that both students and professionals can benefit from ethical training and education. the findings also have important implications for is research. james j. cappel john c. windsor
the anthropology semaphores this paper describes research into the conceptions of students studying concurrency, using qualitative methods that originated in anthropological field work. we were able to obtain a deep understanding of students' mental models of semaphores: they construct consistent, though non- viable, models of semaphores, and they use them in patterns without understanding the synchronization context. we used the results to improve our teaching of concurrency, for example, by carefully defining the semaphore model and exercising the model outside of a problem-solving context. yifat ben-david kolikant mordechai ben-ari sarah pollack
power, politics, and mis implementation  theories of resistance to management information systems (mis) are important because they guide the implementation strategies and tactics chosen by implementors. three basic theories of the causes of resistance underlie many prescriptions and rules for mis implementation. simply stated, people resist mis because of their own internal factors, because of poor system design, and because of the interaction of specific system design features with aspects of the organizational context of system use. these theories differ in their basic assumptions about systems, organizations, and resistance; they also differ in predictions that can be derived from them and in their implications for the implementation process. these differences are described and the task of evaluating the theories on the bases of the differences is begun. data from a case study are used to illustrate the theories and to demonstrate the superiority, for implementors, of the interaction theory.  m. lynne markus
dynamic patterns as an alternative to conventional text for the partially sighted when the partially sighted can no longer read even enlarged conventional text then possible aids include touch braille and speech synthesis. touch braille has proved to be very useful for those with no vision and also for the partially sighted who can only read with difficulty and hence liable to suffer from early fatigue. however, both of these aids lack any visual feedback useful for those with some residual sight. visual braille may also be of use but is limited to a given set of standard patterns. it should be noted that many partially sighted people may still be able to see a few areas of different color which maybe sufficient to allow different combinations of colored elements to represent a useful character set.the authors propose a possible alternative reading aid called dynamic pattern system (dps) where each pattern or series of patterns can represent an ascii character. each pattern consists of a number of distinct areas, each of which can assume one of a set number of colors. a particular set of patterns representing a character set is known as a patternset. there are many conditions that can lead to partial sight and hence these patternsets may be individualised to each user thereby making full use of their limited vision. this can be regarded as an interface matching solution.the input or output of a dps can be read as standard text by conventional text-based word processors, web browsers and other standard it equipment. using a dps it may be possible for some partially sighted users to communicate with each other each using their own individualised patternset. furthermore a fully sighted person may be able to both send and receive conventional text when communicating with a person using a dps. an extensive literature search has failed to find any comparable work.hence the advantages of such a system include:- standard pcs (minimum 386, windows 3.x, 4m ram) with no special equipment may be used to encourage the full integration of some partially sighted individuals, who are unable to read even enlarged text, into a standard office environment. a standard pc running dps may be used by the fully sighted. dps is a very small (one floppy disk) and easy to use software driven user interface requiring no special hardware and hence offers a low cost solution. individualized patternsets may allow the most effective use of a user's limited vision. david veal
a methodology for preparing the computer professional for certification  this paper describes a methodology by which higher education institutions, business and government training facilities and professional societies can set-up and administer a review course for the certificate in data processing examination. during the past seventeen years, one or more of the authors have conducted cdp review programs for the benefit of members of professional societies, students, and company employees. these years of experience have provided the basis for establishing a rigorous methodology for preparing candidates for the cdp examination with excellent results. the certificate in data processing examination program is administered by the institute for certification of computer professionals. more than 25,000 persons have taken the examinations over the past ten years. this large response to voluntary certification suggests the need for an orderly program to prepare the computer professional for certification.  paul p. howley james s. ketchel michael g. rowloff
computer science education in the people's republic of china in the late 1980s  last year a delegation of international computer professionals with interests in computer science education participated in an information exchange with colleagues in the people's republic of china. the delegation's experiences suggest that the chinese have made substantial progress in some aspects of computer science education since late 1982, but that difficult problems remain to be solved.  j. d. wilson e. s. adams h. p. baouendi w. a. marion g. j. yaverbaum
can computers cope with human races?  in trying to apply a computer to a task that humans do, we often discover that it doesn't work. one common problem is that humans are able to deal with fuzzy concepts, but computers are not---they need precise representations and it is hard to represent a fuzzy concept in a precise way. however, if we look closer at such tasks, we often discover that the weakness actually lies not in the computer but in ourselves \---that we didn't understand what we were doing in the first place.  when faced with a problem of this sort, some people refuse to recognize the conceptual failure. instead of seeking a better representation for the task, they thrash away at making the fuzzy scheme work, insisting that there is nothing wrong with the conceptual base.  i will illustrate one such problem with a true story. the central theme is the fuzzy concept of racial and ethnic classification, as used by the u.s. government and a horde of other bureaucracies. these organizations have been carrying out elaborate statistical computations and making major policy decisions based on this concept for many years with problematical results.  i begin with my first encounter with this scheme, some 25 years ago.  l. earnest
distance teaching workloads  in this paper, we describe a formula for calculating the teaching workload for students who are studying off campus both on and off-line. initially the faculty of information technology developed a proposal for calculating academic workloads. this proposal reflected the rigid teacher centred learning structures of traditional on- campus delivery and made no allowance for the services required by off-campus students. in response, teachers of off-campus students developed a complementary proposal, based on actual time logs, which reflected their student centred approach to learning. contrary to popular wisdom, off-campus teaching was found to be more time-consuming than on- campus.  wendy doube
adapting curriculum 78 to a small university environment  curriculum 78 was developed to present an undergraduate degree program in computer science at any university, with appropriate adaptation to each specific environment; in general the degree program suggested applies most naturally to relatively large universities. because small universities have limited resources---students, faculty, computing facilities---the implementation of curriculum 78 requires careful modification to fit the particular environment. by organizing the topics covered by the suggested courses in curriculum 78 in different combinations and emphasizing microcomputers, the department of mathematical sciences at loyola university can offer a complete degree program in computer science in spite of its limited resources.  mary dee harris fosberg
from silicon valley to silicon prairie: a long distance telecommuting case study the issues faced by firms in today's telecommunications environment are outlined and are discussed in juxtaposition with an actual telecommuting case study of trade reporting and data exchange, inc. (t.r.a.d.e.), a software engineering company located in san mateo, ca. telecommuting was successful for t.r.a.d.e in the short term because a) required technology was widely available, b)the candidate initiated the idea and had the necessary industry and company experience, c)the organization could provide the flexible work arrangement while retaining a valuable employee, d)the employee was able to live in a geographic area of their choice, e)overall costs could be shared by the company and the employee, f)the job category was an ideal fit, and g)existing procedures were in place for communicating and managing the geographically detached worker. in the long run the employee left the company to take a job with a local software company because he missed the everyday interaction with co-workers. anthony r. hendrickson troy j. strader
experiences in the establishment of a microcomputer support laboratory  the explosive growth and general availability of microcomputers is creating a desperate need for the training of computer programmers in how to approach, assess and, if applicable, use microcomputers as an addition to their traditional hardware/software tool-kit in solving applications problems. until recently, our students (and, we suspect, cs majors and software engineers in general) had little or no formal training or experience in this area. one cannot appreciate the full extent of the applicability and limitations of micros without reasonable hands-on experience. yet the obvious approach - providing a number of stand-alone micros as the sole teaching vehicle - of itself creates a misleading context: restrictions of every kind force the student to spend most of his time circumventing limited resources and far too little time in actually learning about the useful aspects of the machines per se and as components of a more complex whole.  in this paper, we define the educational goals that we are trying to achieve. then we identify five possible solutions to the problem. we then analyze each and present reasons why we adopted the approach we did. our microcomputer support laboratory [msl], consists of a pdp-11/34, under unix@@@@, connected to 8 motorola 6809's and 8 mc68000's. we address also the reasons which lead to this choice, the problems in building the msl, practical experiences derived from using it in an educational situation, and conclude by discussing the feasibility of providing this type of environment as a university-wide resource. we also indicate possible improvements and future directions in which we hope to grow.  j. michael bennett e. elcock
is it okay to cheat? - the views of postgraduate students  this paper examines the attitudes of students in the masters of information technology, honours degree in the bachelor of computing and graduate diploma of computing at monash university. students were surveyed on the acceptability of a variety of scenarios involving cheating and on their knowledge of the occurrence of these scenarios. the survey found a strong consensus amongst the students as to what was acceptable or unacceptable practice. the paper then examines the significance of these results for educators aiming to prevent cheating amongst their students. the study reported is part of a larger study currently being undertaken in the school of computer science and software engineering (csse) at monash university.  martin dick judy sheard selby markham
using personality inventories to help form teams for software engineering class projects  as faculty create their teams for software engineering class projects various techniques may be used to create these teams. random selection as well as structured assignments all have varied strengths and weaknesses. one method for selecting students involves using personality inventories to assess the various personality types of the students. this paper will discuss how the author used the keirsey temperament sorter to select teams for a software engineering class and some of the results of this experiment.  rebecca h. rutherfoord
providing the right computing services in times of financial crisis: a case study at the university of wisconsin-madison  this paper describes the changes required by an academic computing center when faced with a dramatic shift in computer usage, compounded by a university budget shortfall. it discusses implications of a technology which is changing quickly in an environment where, historically, funding models do not. it describes one possible outcome with regard to academic computing, which is the solution that we at the university of wisconsin-madison are working on, that of becoming a smaller but better-focused facility. it discusses how we decided which services to discontinue and which to keep. finally, it touches briefly on modifying the computing center's internal structure to support these changes.  kathi dwelle
misconceptions of designing: a descriptive study our experience in designing and teaching a cross-disciplinary freshman design class has led us to believe that students entering design fields (e.g., computer science or engineering) are saddled with na ve or (mis)conceptions about design and design activity. it is our belief that for students to become effective designers, they must be helped to recognize and overcome these misconceptions through appropriate educational interventions. to better understand the nature and substance of these misconceptions, we conducted a descriptive survey study of 290 freshman in a technological institute. our findings begin to suggest a consistent profile of misconceptions across declared majors that start to explain observations we have made of na ve designers in our freshman design class. this paper reports on those findings. michael mccracken wendy newstetter jeff chastine
information systems for management in the eighties  a course in management information systems must prepare future users and information systems professionals for their roles in analyzing application requirements and designing information systems to serve business and individual needs. the objectives, organization, content, and methods used to teach this course to both mis and non-mis majors within the school of business at southern illinois university are described in detail. the systems development project, which involves students in learning tools and techniques for structured systems analysis and design, as well as in applying these methods to an actual design project, is one of the most important activities of the course. students have an opportunity to work together in their respective roles as users and systems analysts and to use project management and control techniques to assure effective results.  mary r. sumner
put ethics and fun into your computer course  this article describes a fun yet informative approach to covering ethical issues in a systems analysis and design course. by assigning a series of readings, collectively known as "the case of the killer robot," students were exposed to a number of realistic ethical situations as well as a great deal of knowledge that is part of the computer science and information systems curriculums. based on the results from two questionnaires, by the end of the course the students had an increased knowledge of ethical issues, a stronger concern for ethical issues, and a greater awareness of the importance of ethics in the workplace.  jill gerhardt
a systems analysis & design course sequence  the university of wisconsin-whitewater's management computer systems (mcs) major1 includes a two course sequence, systems analysis and design 1 and systems analysis and design 2. in the acm information systems curriculum2 there is also a two course sequence in systems analysis and design. the managers of information systems departments who hire our graduates frequently express the opinion that this sequence is especially important.  the progression of the courses begins with three weeks of 100% "theory" with artificial homework assignments before the students are assigned their projects. from the fourth week of the first course to almost the end of the second course the projects are carried through the successive phases of the systems development life cycle. the overall balance between theory and project is evenwith the theory coming earlier so as to illuminate the practice which follows.  iza goroff
private life in cyberspace  i have lived most of my life in a small wyoming town, where there is little of the privacy which both insulates and isolates suburbanites. anyone in pinedale who is interested in me or my doings can get most of that information in the wrangler cafe. between them, any five customers could probably produce all that is known locally about me \---including a number of items that are well known but not true.  me \---including a number of items that are well known but not true.  john perry barlow
testing student micro computer skills through direct computer use  this paper introduces the concept of testing students' microcomputer skills through direct computer use. techniques are discussed which make it feasible for the instructor to grade the disk and printout that are produced by each student. the process can be generally applied to testing many different skill areas, and has been effectively used for tests on dos and utilities, wordprocessing, spreadsheet work, and data base. practical examples of test creation and grading of spreadsheet tests are presented. further developments of the technique are suggested.  michael m. delaney
teaching cscw in developing countries through collaboration teaching technical subjects in developing countries has proven to be a challenge. this is due to deficiencies in technology and knowledge resources, such as a lack of expertise in a field and a lack of up to date literature. these deficiencies have a major impact on the teaching of subjects such as hci and cscw, and have caused universities in developing countries to expand the scope of their teaching resources to form collaborations with other universities through distance leaning technology. this report will focus on experiences of a collaborative project between the university of the witswatersrand (wits) in south africa and staffordshire university (staffs) in the uk. the aim of the project was to provide experiential knowledge of cscw issues through establishing communication channels between the uk and south africa. andrew thatcher lesley-anne katz david trepess
teaching fundamentals for web programming and e-commerce in a liberal arts computer science curriculum  web programming and e-commerce are popular topics, but it is not clear how they should be supported in an undergraduate computer science curriculum. this paper presents experience with a course that used java and perl/cgi to provide some fundamentals for web programming, and plans for a related upcoming course that should cover material more efficiently and provide fundamentals for e-commerce. topics covered in the course are compared to skills required for e-commerce as described by ge and sun [ge and sun 2000].
goals for computer science education in the 1980s  the nature of computing, and hence of computer science, is changing rapidly. many topics that now seem interesting will be obsolete or irrelevant within ten years, and our perspective on other topics will change. if a curriculum designed now is to remain effective through 1990 or beyond, we must try to understand the forces that are shaping the field and to anticipate the roles that computing and computer science will play in the future.  at carnegie- mellon, a group of eight faculty and graduate students is designing a new undergraduate computer science curriculum. we began by examining the trends that will affect the field over the next decade and the new phenomena and issues that may arise. from this basis we are developing a new curriculum without prior assumptions drawn from existing curricula. in this talk i will discuss our view of current trends in computer science and the roles that colleges and universities must play over the next decade.  mary shaw