waashk/acm huggingface dataset:
brazil's pioneer undergraduate program in information systems  in the early 70's, the number of computers installed in brazil was growing at a rate of 30% per year, which was higher than in european countries, the u. s. and japan, placing brazil among the eight top world users of computers.1 by that time, only few brazilian universities were offering courses in data processing. the lack of a formal education structure resulted in data processing positions being mainly filled with people trained by manufacturers.  the high demand for data processing professionals, mainly in the top levels of the career, became one of the brazilian government's concerns.  since brazil is a developing nation, resources had to be efficiently used and foreign reserves could not be spent on equipments which were not used to their full potential. therefore, highly qualified professional were needed.  in view of these facts, the federal government decided to support and encourage the creation of professional data processing programs, mainly at the universities. the role of the university in education is extremely important, since it makes possible to improve the qualification of the labor power and also to improve the education professionals themselves.  in 1973 and 1974, with the support of the federal government, about 15 programs for graduation of technicians in systems programming, analysis and design have been created. those programs, with the duration of two years, were intended to be a short term solution, providing a highly qualified labor force.  besides the programs created directly by the government, several courses have been implemented at universities that assumed the task of preparing qualified data processing man power, accomplishing their social role. with this purpose, the pontifical catholic university of rio grande do sul, in 1974, implemented an undergraduate' program in information systems analysis. the pioneering aspect rises from the area involved, that of information systems.  maria lúcia blanck lisbôa
computer education in the 1980s, a somber view  the discipline of computer science is a child of the 1970s. its growth in infancy has been impressive, statistically, but so it is with infants. as we enter the decade of the 1980s, the discipline and all of us engaged in computer science education face some difficult choices. it is becoming abundantly clear that in the 1980s computer education cannot be provided for our students in the variety and quality which they demand. it will fall to us, personally, to decide what kind of computer education will be made available. in this next decade we will suffer a national deficiency of computer expertise equivalent to our national deficiency in oil. the cost of this expertise is already inflating at an alarming rate, and we have yet to begin to mobilize programs which in the long-term will stabilize the market. it is therefore inevitable that the 1980s will witness a frantic shift to alternative sources of expertise and a consequent dilution in the quality of computer professionals and computer products. the academic profession must make program decisions now which will serve to minimize the cost which our society will pay as it struggles to fully enter the computer age.  william mitchell
tablet: personal computer of the year 2000  a design represents a compromise between conflicting goals, and the design of the personal computer of the year 2000 is no exception. we seek something that will fit comfortably into people's lives while dramatically changing them. this may appear to be a contradiction that cannot be reconciled. but if the technology does not fit easily into the habits and lifestyles of its human users, it will be discarded by those it was meant to help. and if this new tool does not change the life of its owner, it is only because we have been too shortsighted to imagine the possibilities.  our way out of this dilemma is to base the design upon something which is already integrated into everyone's life, to take a vital tool and give it more life. we have chosen to improve something that most people use everyday, the humble paper notebook.  we have all heard the computer revolution was supposed to eliminate paper from the workplace. instead, it has lead to desktop publishing; now we can not only write papers but typeset them ourselves. paper notebooks have many properties that make them particularly friendly. they are light and portable. no one thinks twice about taking a pad anywhere. they are easy and natural to use, as accessible to the toddler as to the octogenarian and as relevant to the artist as the engineer. they can be used to communicate with other people. they are the ideal medium for integrating text and graphics, and perfect for creative doodling. moreover, notebooks are forgiving of mistakes, simply peel off the page and start anew.  it is natural to revise and edit written documents. there is something satisfying about crossing out an offending sentence from a written draft, a feeling that word processors have not captured. we aim for a computer that will provide all of these benefits and more.  thus, the personal computer of the year 2000 will be a portable machine the size of a notebook. we will write and draw with a stylus on a screen which mimics a physical writing surface. enhancing this with the powers of computation and communication, we create a tool that will improve the way we live and work.  this report provides a more concrete depiction of the machine we have in mind, namely tablet.  b. w. mel s. m. omohundro a. d. robison s. s. skiena k. h. thearling
teaching software engineering through real-life projects to bridge school and industry to educate graduates to succeed in industries which demand high quality software engineers is not easy due to rapidly changing organization styles and working environments. the major limitation of university education may be the lack of opportunity to expose students to real field problems. in this article, we present our experience of exposing graduate students to a real-time plant monitoring and control software development project and show how the software engineering process has been customized to educate them and satisfy the user requirements at the same time. ki-sang song
integrating vrml, java, and html in a web-based tool for computer literacy  virtual reality visualization tools are gaining importance in many fields including medical training, elementary and secondary school education, and ecology, among others. since humans live in a three-dimensional world, there is an increasing interest in developing educational tools that are three- dimensional in nature and that allow the user to interact with objects in the world. virtual reality visualization tools can be used for this purpose. the rapid growth and popularity of the internet has caused the emergence of many technologies that can be used by instructors to develop two- and three- dimensional visualization tools to enhance the educational experiences of students. the work discussed describes the integration of html, java, java swing and vrml to produce a web-based crt virtual reality visualization tool that can be used in computer literacy when students are introduced to hardware components. the tool that was developed will be described. also, experiences learned and problems encountered during the integration of various technologies will be discussed.
a central ohio consortium for retraining in computer science  a consortium of eight central ohio colleges and universities is described. the purpose of the consortium is to provide opportunities for faculty at the participating institutions to be retrained in the field of computer science. these faculty will then be able to return to their home institutions to develop and teach computer science curricula. the program provides flexibility of scheduling the retraining, in terms of the time of year and nature of the retraining undertaken by the individual participants.  zaven karian stuart h. zweben
web-based student feedback to improve learning a web-based anonymous feedback facility has been used for three years to give students a voice and some ownership of the subjects they are studying, and to allow staff to make adjustments to the teaching program in time to help the current student group. improvements have been made to the system, e.g. the ability for students to identify themselves, extensions to staff e-mail copies, discussion threads to delineate topic areas, and automatic generation of statistics on usage. these statistics show how the need for anonymity decreases as the level of maturity of the students increases. other planned or recently added improvements are described.. jason lowder dianne hagan
component-based e-commerce: assessment of current practices and future directions  component-based e-commerce technology is a recent trend towards resolving the e-commerce challenge at both system and application levels. instead of delivering a system as a prepacked monolith system containing any conceivable feature, component-based systems consist of a lightweight kernel to which new features can be added in the form of components. in order to identify the central problems in component-based e-commerce and ways to deal with them, we investigate prototypes, technologies, and frameworks that will transcend the current state of the practice in internet commerce. in this paper, we first discuss the current practices and trends in component-based electronic commerce based on the international workshop on component-based electronic commerce. then, we investigate a number of research issues and future directions in component-based development for electronic commerce.  martin bichler arie segev j. leon zhao
the external auditor's review of computer controls  the foreign corrupt practices act of 1977, coupled with growing demands for corporate accountability, have forced both auditors and computer administrators to evaluate computer based controls. computer administrators can benefit from both a knowledge of an auditor's approaches to evaluating controls and his/her recommendations for control improvements. here, a survey of the control evaluation practices and desirable control features identified by computer auditors is presented, along with recommendations to ease the burden of the auditor's review. the authors' suggestions should ease the tasks of internal control analysis and of preparation for possible public reports on an organization's system of internal control.  charles r. litecky larry e. rittenberg
preliminary evidence for the effect of automatic responses to authority on information technology diffusion successful diffusion of it within an organization can depend on it use decisions by many individuals. current rational models focusing on cognitive determinants of such it use decisions explain 30 to 40 percent of organizational members' use behaviors. this article demonstrates, via a laboratory study, that automatic unthinking responses may be significant in explaining user behavior. we find that automatic responses to authority, that are cued by incentives and controls, may explain more than 20 percent of it use variance, over and above that accounted for by rational decision making. this suggests interesting opportunities for it diffusion research, exploring automatic it use responses resulting from authority, as well as other automatic response generators such as reciprocation and consistency. randolph b. cooper anol bhattacherjee
progress towards a world-wide code of conduct  in this paper the work of the international federation for information processing (ifip) task group on ethics is described and the recommendations presented to the general assembly are reviewed. while a common code of ethics or conduct has been not recommended for consideration by the member societies of ifip, a set of guidelines for the establishment and evaluation of codes has been produced and procedures for the assistance of code development have been established within ifip. this paper proposes that the data collected by the task group and the proposed guidelines can be used as a tool for the study of codes of practice providing a teachable, learnable educational module in courses related to the ethics of computing and computation, and looks at the next steps in bringing ethical awareness to the it community.  john a. n. lee jacques berleur
history in the computer science curriculum ifip working group 9.7 (history of computing) is charged with not only encouraging the preservation of computer artifacts, the recording of the memoirs of pioneers, and the analysis of the downstream impact of computer innovations, but also on the development of educational modules on the history of computing. this paper presents an initial report on the study of the history of computing and informatics and preliminary proposals for the inclusion of aspects of the history of computing and informatics in the curriculum of university and college students. john a. n. lee
a study of the relationship between job requirements and academic requirements in computer science  in scrutinizing the 1981 occupational outlook handbook, one cannot fail to recognize a strong positive connection between mathematical requirements in educational pre-requisites for occupational entry and the concomitant demand and remuneration of such employment. very little research has been completed characterized by an intensive analysis of the mathematical competencies requisite for effective job functioning in specific occupations.  laws (1968) and miller (1970) interviewed occupational representatives in technical areas and 44 occupational specializations in science. both studies challenged the mathematical collegiate pre-requisites expected of the practitioner; laws and miller recommended a re-evaluation of pure mathematics requirements for employment. saunders (1978) interviewed a single representative from each of 100 occupations and found that facility with whole numbers, decimals, use of calculators, and percentage as essential. saunders' sample needs to be increased in order to obtain more reliable results.  john f. loase brian d. monahan
on distance education courseware multimedia, www and advanced technologies are bringing changes in the field of education. additional ways of interaction between students, study material, and teachers, are introduced. development in technology and their introduction into education, changed the character and methods of it. a need exists for a distance education and additional education at home. with the cost of multimedia computers becoming lower, while availability of educational cd-rom's higher, a proper inclusion of these into the curricula and distance education is needed. here, some strategies for distance education software are being proposed. marijana lomic zoran putnik
some ideas on the educational use of computers  in this paper we will develop a new point of view on the educational use of computers, stressing its possibility for interactive use and the intellectual implications of the programming activity. after giving a rather detailed analysis of programming viewed as a cognitive process we propose a dual model centered on the notions of piloting and programming, followed by some snapshots of the interaction of a child with a computer. we will end with a proposition for the construction of an intelligent and convivial user environment.  harald wertz
proposed information systems accreditation criteria (panel session)  this panel will discuss the background leading to the decision to develop a draft criteria for accreditation of information systems programs, the current status of the draft criteria, feedback received from presentations at a number of conferences and on a web-based survey, and a brief description of future plans for the project. time will be allotted for questions from the audience.  doris k. lidtke willis king john gorgone gayle yaverbaum
inferring cognitive focus from students' programs  programs written by students in an introductory computer science course were analyzed and patterns abstracted from them. these patterns include style of modularization, choice of constructs, choice of vocabulary, and style of communication through user- interaction and documentation. individual characteristics of the students, such as their focus on detail or on aggregate conceptual units, their manner of organizing knowledge, and their perception of the purpose of computer programs was compared with the patterns in the students' programs, with tentative relationships being identified.  jean b. rogers
a conversation about ensuring computer literacy of first-year students  this paper explores the purpose and usefulness of a course in computer literacy. it introduces a method that allows students to make choices on the order and timing of covering material within the course and uses a skills assessment software package to ensure learning and equivalency across and within sections. it provides some methods for dealing with the problems inherent in a self-paced course. finally, the future of a course in computer literacy is discussed.  i'm all for a paradigm shift in the way we teach computer literacy to our first-year students. for instance, we could follow in the footsteps of our colleagues over in the english department and establish a "computers across the curriculum" program. or we could provide on-line computer tutorials to all of our entering students and let them teach themselves. or we could simply assume/require that computer literacy is provided in the k-12 years. that's got to happen at some point, doesn't it? our course is offered within the school of business and our employers tell us that computer application skills (or the lack thereof) are the primary contributor to the first impression of competency of a new intern or entry level employee. our goal is to insure that students going to do internships and at graduation are computer literate. thus, we have the computer literacy course, sometimes known as a course in computer applications or teaching microsoft office/wordperfect suite.  elizabeth edmiston marilyn mcclelland
an evaluation scheme for a comparison of computer science curricula with acm's guidelines  during the past ten years, several model curricula for technical academic disciplines have been developed and published by professional societies. among the recommendations for computer science are those of '68 and '78 by acm. this paper presents a quantitative scheme for evaluating a computer science curriculum as compared to acm '68 and '78 guidelines. to demonstrate the evaluation scheme, curricula from three (3) universities are compared to the acm guidelines. the results of those numeric comparisons are tabulated and discussed. other areas that affect a computer science program; textbooks, computer facilities, and faculty are also discussed.  nancy e. miller charles g. petersen
impact of the technological environment on programmer/analyst job outcomes  recent research has shown that key dp/is personnel job outcomes (e.g., turnover, organizational commitment, job satisfaction) are affected by job design, leadership characteristics, and role variables. this study investigates another class of variables, the technological environment faced by dp/is personnel, that might impact these job outcomes. the technological environment includes (1) development methodologies employed, (2) project teams and reporting relationships, and (3) work characteristics. variables from all classes were found to impact dp/is job outcomes. over 11 percent of the variance in dp/is job satisfaction is explained by these variables.  jack j. baroudi michael j. ginzberg
teaching theory of computation using pen-based computers and an electronic whiteboard  this paper describes a _theory of computation_ course that was taught in an electronic classroom equipped with a network of pen-based computers, a touch- sensitive electronic whiteboard, and locally written groupware that was designed to enhance the ability of teachers and students to share written information during class. we first describe the technology that was used to support the course, and then provide an overview of the instructor's use of this technology to engage students during class. finally, we present the students' reaction to the approach.  dave berque david k. johnson larry jovanovic
it staffing and retention: a success story  the current high demand for information technology (it) work to be done and the comparative shortage of well-trained staff have forced many firms to seriously consider unique methods to recruit and keep their it personnel assets. we provide an industry case study of a firm with a normally high it workload, overloaded in 1998 with three additional large-scale it projects. simultaneously, the firm experienced its highest it staff turnover in recent years. the firm undertook a four-part research study and analysis or its problems. a balanced program was implemented based on the results of the study, focusing on interesting and challenging work, working environment and compensation. it retention increased dramatically from a low of 76% in september 1998 to 84% in late 1998 to 98% in most of 1999, key business imperatives are proceeding on schedule, new work is being managed, and it's contribution has become a recognized success factor for the company as a whole.  brian gill anne banks pidduck
the changing of the guard: a case study of change in computing  change, in the context of computing environments, can assume a number of forms, varying widely in nature and degree. at tulane university, tulane computing services initiated a significant change in the office of the president of the university: the existing system of stand-alone ms-dos microcomputers was replaced by a macintosh local area network complete with laser printing, mainframe communications, and shared file access. in this instance, the director of the department (the president of the university) directed that the change take place, and the central computing organization and the president's office staff worked together to accomplish the transition to the new computing environment. the change was effected with minimal disruption to the department's operations.  this paper describes the successful implementation of change from one computing environment to another. we discuss the planning and preparation involved in facilitating change, the training and education required for those involved in the change, and the attitudes of the individuals affected by the change. an important component of the process was interviews conducted with those involved. these interviews were conducted in order to determine the factors which influence an individual's attitudes toward change, specifically in the context of computing environments.  alison hartman thomas gerace cliff woodruff j. e. diem
managing on oft overlooked resource: student employees  with the ever- present need for quality user services support, a computing center can ill afford to overlook any resource which might aid in accomplishing it. to arrive at this end, a staff must remain abreast of the constant change in computer technology, as well as the changing needs and wants of its users.  at the university of notre dame, we have found that student employees have the potential to excel in the area of user services support, and many times they can do so in a more cost effective manner than a full-time staff member. with careful planning and consideration on the part of those supervising the students, their employ can grow to benefit themselves, the full-time staff, and most importantly, the users.  if the process of successfully utilizing students were as easy as it sounds, this paper would have no raison d'etre, but there are serious questions to be posed when considering student employees: who to hire, and why; how they should be trained; how to motivate them to reach their fullest potential; and how to most effectively manage them.  mark b. johnson