waashk/20ng huggingface dataset:
In article <C67Hv9.7nG.1@cs.cmu.edu> flb@flb.optiplan.fi ("F.Baube[tm]") writes: >From: Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org >>  >> Tsniimach Enterprise is described as a ex-military  >> establishment, focusing on aerodynamics and thermal protection  >> of spacecraft and which has participated in the development of  >> the Buran shuttle system,  They are located near the NPO Energia  >> facility in Kaliningrad, outside of Moscow.  > >If this facility is in Kaliningrad, this is not near Moscow,  Correction, and some more info: The Kaliningrad that Mr. Larrison writes about is indeed near Moscow. I've read that it may also be known by the name Podlipk, and is a short distance from Zvezdny Gorodok (Star  City) and the Cosmonaut Training Center there. I read that the Tsniimach (Central Scientific Research Institute of Machine Building, est. 1961)  Enterprise was also responsible for creating the NKIK (Ground Command and  Measurement Complex) including the Kaliningrad Flight Control Center which has controlled all Soviet/Russian manned spaceflights since its completion in 1973. However, it appears to have been a part of the  Ministry of General Machine Building which was not part of the military (Ministry of Defense) but would have been a part of the military-industrial complex.
Here are some recent observations taken by the Hubble Space Telescope:       o The Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) was used to make ultraviolet        observations of both the planet Pluto, and its moon Charon. The        peakups were successful. The observations were executed as        scheduled, and no problems were reported.       o Observations were made using the High Speed Photometer of the Planet        Uranus during an occultation by a faint star in Capricornus. These        observations will help in our understanding of the planet's        atmospheric radiative and dynamical processes. This event occurred        close to the last quarter moon, and special arrangements had to be        made to modify the lunar limit tests to allow these observations.        The observations are currently being reviewed, and all the        observations looked okay.
Hi all,      I'm trying to get mailing addresses for the following companies.  Specifically, I need addresses for their personnel offices or like bureau.  The companies are:  	- AMROC 	- Orbital Sciences Corp. (sp?) 	- Spacehab, Inc.  (I know this one is somewhere in  		 	   Seattle, WA, or at least part of it is.) 	- Space Industries, Inc.  (Somewhere in Houston) 	- Space Enterprises Inc.  If anybody could point me in the right direction on this, I would be most appreciative.  I prefer an email response, but I will post a summary if sufficient interest exists.  Thanks,
In article <C5LDoD.7pC@news.cso.uiuc.edu> rls@uihepa.hep.uiuc.edu writes: >allow it to go into lunar orbit without large expenditures of fuel to slow >down. The idea is that 'natural objects sometimes get captured without >expending fuel, we'll just find the trajectory that makes it possible". The >originator of the technique said that NASA wasn't interested, but that Japan >was because their probe was small and couldn't hold a lot of fuel for >deceleration.  Actually, Hiten wasn't originally intended to go into lunar orbit at all, so it indeed didn't have much fuel on hand.  The lunar-orbit mission was an afterthought, after Hagoromo (a tiny subsatellite deployed by Hiten during a lunar flyby) had a transmitter failure and its proper insertion into lunar orbit couldn't be positively confirmed.  It should be noted that the technique does have disadvantages.  It takes a long time, and you end up with a relatively inconvenient lunar orbit. If you want something useful like a low circular polar orbit, you do have to plan to expend a certain amount of fuel, although it is reduced from what you'd need for the brute-force approach.
Writer Kathy Sawyer reported in today's Washington Post that Joseph Shea, the  head of the space station redesign has resigned for health reasons.  Shea was hospitalized shortly after his selection in February.  He returned yesterday to lead the formal presentation to the independent White House panel. Shea's presentation was rambling and almost inaudible.  Shea's deputy, former astronaut Bryan O'Connor, will take over the effort.  Goldin asserted that the redesign effort is on track.
In sci.astro, dmcaloon@tuba.calpoly.edu (David McAloon) writes:  [ a nearly perfect parody  -- needed more random CAPS]   Thanks for the chuckle.  (I loved the bit about relevance to people starving in Somalia!)  To those who've taken this seriously, READ THE NAME! (aloud)
henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:  >In article <1993Apr29.010847.1@vax1.mankato.msus.edu> belgarath@vax1.mankato.msus.edu writes: >>        Actually, my advisor, another classmate of mine, and me were talking >>the other day about putting just one detector on one of the Pluto satellites. >>THen we realized that the satellite alone is only carrying something like 200 >>pounds of eq.  Well, a BATSE detector needs lead shielding to protect it, >>and 1 alone weighs about 200 pounds itself.  >Actually, the situation is even worse than that.  The *total mass* of the >Pluto Fast Flyby spacecraft is only 250ish pounds, and most of that is >support equipment like power and communications.  The mass available for >instruments is maybe 10% of that.  I don't think a BATSE will fit...  From the Pluto Fast Flyby Instrument definition research anouncemnet, the instrument payload constraints are:     Mass allocation -  7 kilograms (15.4 lbs)     Power allocation - 6 watts     Required instruments: 	Visible imaging system (1024x1024 CCD, 750 mm fl, f/10 optics) 	IR mapping spectrometer (256x256 HgCdTe array, 0.3% energy resolution) 	UV spectrometer (55-200 nm, 0.5 nm resolution) 	Radio science (ultrastable oscilator incorporated in telecom system) 		ultrastable means 10^-14.  This doesn't leave much room for payloads which are totally unrelated to the  mission of the spacecraft.  In addition, the power will come from a radioisotope thermal generator, and the whole space craft will be about 2 feet in diameter, with no booms, which means there will be strong gamma-lines from Pu-239 and associated schmutz in the background, which tends to reduce sensitivity somewhat.  It would still be nice, and our group here at Goddard is looking in to it.
In article <1993Apr27.094238.7682@samba.oit.unc.edu> Bruce.Scott@launchpad.unc.edu (Bruce Scott) writes: >If re-boosting the HST by carrying it with a shuttle would not damage it, >then why couldn't HST be brought back to earth and the repair job done >here?  I'm not sure if this is a big issue, but it seems to me like it might be -- up till now, all >1g forces applied to the mirror and its mounting (and nearly all =1g forces) have been applied along the telescope's optical axis, and against the mirror's base.  Reentry would apply forces along roughly the same axis, but tending to pull the mirror away from the mount, and the landing would apply on-edge forces to both the mirror and mount.  It could be that one or both of these would not survive.  greg --
From: <tom> Subject: computer cult  From scott Fri Apr 23 16:31:21 1993 Received: by igc.apc.org (4.1/Revision: 1.77 ) 	id AA16121; Fri, 23 Apr 93 16:31:09 PDT Date: Fri, 23 Apr 93 16:31:09 PDT Message-Id: <9304232331.AA16121@igc.apc.org> From: Scott Weikart <scott> Sender: scott To: cdplist Subject: Next stand-off? Status: R  Redwood City, CA (API) -- A tense stand-off entered its third week today as authorities reported no progress in negotiations with charismatic cult leader Steve Jobs.  Negotiators are uncertain of the situation inside the compound, but some reports suggest that half of the hundreds of followers inside have been terminated.  Others claim to be staying of their own free will, but Jobs' persuasive manner makes this hard to confirm.  In conversations with authorities, Jobs has given conflicting information on how heavily prepared the group is for war with the industry.  At times, he has claimed to "have hardware which will blow anything else away", while more recently he claims they have stopped manufacturing their own.  Agents from the ATF (Apple-Taligent Forces) believe that the group is equipped with serious hardware, including 486-caliber pieces and possibly Canon equipment.  The siege has attracted a variety of spectators, from the curious to other cultists.  Some have offered to intercede in negotiations, including a young man who will identify himself only as "Bill" and claims to be the "MS-iah".  Former members of the cult, some only recently deprogrammed, speak hesitantly of their former lives, including being forced to work 20-hour days, and subsisting on Jolt and Twinkies.  There were frequent lectures in which they were indoctrinated into a theory of "interpersonal computing" which rejects traditional roles.  Late-night vigils on Chesapeake Drive are taking their toll on federal marshals.  Loud rock and roll, mostly Talking Heads, blares throughout the night.  Some fear that Jobs will fulfill his own apocalyptic prophecies, a worry reinforced when the loudspeakers carry Jobs' own speeches -- typically beginning with a chilling "I want to welcome you to the 'Next World' ".
In article <1rrhlo$ajb@access.digex.net>, prb@access.digex.net (Pat) writes: > In article <1993Apr30.101054.1@stsci.edu> hathaway@stsci.edu writes: >>In article <1rq3os$64i@access.digex.net>, prb@access.digex.net (Pat) writes: >>> In article <3t75nhg@rpi.edu> strider@clotho.acm.rpi.edu (Greg Moore) writes: > |> | ..  >  > After all the space walking,  they are going to  re-boost the HST's > orbit.  I think right now  it's sitting  at 180 miles up, > they would like  220.  I don't know the exact orbit numbers.  As Ben says - this re-boost idea is all news to us here.  Do you know  something we don't?  Please supply a source - it would be nice for  the schedulers of observations to know where the thing is going to  be.  These altitude numbers are also way off.    My best source has:  "Minimum ST ALTITUDE in the PMDB is:    573 Kilometers" "Maximum ST ALTITUDE in the PMDB is:    603 Kilometers" "Delta   ST ALTITUDE in the PMDB is:      3 Kilometers"   (PMDB is Proposal Management Data Base - used to schedule observations.)  ..  > In order to perform the re-boost of the HST, the OMS engines > will be fired for a long period.  Now the shuttle is a heavy > thing.  THe HST isn't light either.  THe amount of OMS fuel > needed to fly both up is substantial.   a small booster > carried up and used to boost HST on it's own will weigh significantly > less then the OMS fuel required to Boost  both HST and SHUttle, > for a given orbital change.   >   Could you supply some calculations?  You might check some recent  postings that explained that 'a small booster' as suggested does  not now exist, so comparing the mass of something that doesn't  exist to the mass of the OMS fuel seems impossible.  The contamination  threat also remains.    ..  >  > or the HST could even get placed into  some sort of medium orbit. > The reason they want a high orbit, is less antenna pointing, > and longer drag life. >    Longer drag life I can understand, but could you explain the  antenna pointing?    > Whatever it is,  the problem in the tilt array is a big constraint > on HST ops.  Tell me about it.  Although the arrays can be (and are) moved perfectly  well utilizing the second electronics box.  Getting them both working  is much desireable so as to reclaim redundancy.    >  > pat >   I don't mean to jump on you - helpful suggestions are always welcome  and we all know the more ideas the better, but I do want the true  situation to be described clearly and correctly, lest some get  confused.
In article <C5nGxq.663@zoo.toronto.edu> Henry Spencer, henry@zoo.toronto.edu writes: >The National Air & Space Museum has both the prototype and the film. >When I was there, some years ago, they had the prototype on display and >the film continuously repeating.  Great! I'll visit the National Air and Space Museum at the end of the month with my wife, who was also working at General Atomic at the time. Once again netnews has enriched my life.
>  From: harrisd@ll.mit.edu ( David Harris) >  Message-Id: <9304271045.AA00468@LL.MIT.EDU> >  To: Wingert@VNET.IBM.COM >  Subject: RE: Level 5 Shuttle Software Work > >  Bret, > >  If you are familiar with the software work that received the Level 5 >  rating, could you post a description of it and/or some references?  I >  think many people would be interested to know just what the IBM team >  on that effort is doing differently from most other organizations/projects >  that earned them that rating.  I am familiar with the project.  It is the Onboard Shuttle Flight Software Project.  This software controls the Space Shuttle During all dynamic phases as well as on-orbit. It has ultra-high reliability and extremely low error rates.  There have been several papers published on the subject and I'll collect some references.  There may be an article in the IBM Systems Journal Late '93, early '94.  There is no magic formula.  We did it with dedicated and disciplined folks who worked to put together a process that finds and removes errors and is corrected based on errors that "escape".  We present a one day overview of our process periodically to interested folks. The next one is May 19th in Washington, D.C.  I can fax specifics to those who are interested.  Bret Wingert Wingert@VNET.IBM.COM
I'm afraid I was not able to find the GIFs... is the list  updated weekly, perhaps, or am I just missing something?
In reference to the limits of acceleration with guns launching solid rockets as payloads.  Thiokol provided me with samples and data on a reinforcement to solid motor grains for high accelerations.  Solid motor propellants usually have a substantial percentage of  aluminum in the mix.  For example, the Space Shuttle SRBs are 16 percent Aluminum.  The technique is to use a 'foamed aluminum' structure. The structure looks like the inverse of a set of bubbles (an I suspect some bubbling process is used to form it).  In other words, if you made a bunch of bubbles in molten aluminum, then froze it, this is what you get.  It forms a strong network of effectively aluminum wires in all directions.  The remaining solid fuel mix is infiltrated into the voids, and you get aluminum-reinforced solid propellant.  The foamed-aluminum makes up about 6 percent of the total propellant, so there is still aluminum particles in the bulk grain.  The major improvement is the higher resistance to grain cracking, which is the principal failure mode for solid propellant.  Dani Eder
In article <1993Apr30.173625.10139@unocal.com> stgprao@st.unocal.COM (Richard Ottolini) writes: >In article <C6B2pA.My4@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu> turner@bigbang.astro.indiana.edu (George Wm Turner) writes: >> >> >>an image of the moon has been caught in a weather satellite images of the earth. >Near midsummer, you can see the relfection of the Sun in the ocean.              Cool! >Also during solar eclise you can see the shadow of the sun move >across the clouds.                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 	I think you mean Moon. 		(Sorry, I had to.)  ; )
In article <20APR199321040621@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov>, baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke) writes... >In article <1993Apr20.204335.157595@zeus.calpoly.edu>, jgreen@trumpet.calpoly.edu (James Thomas Green) writes... >>Why do spacecraft have to be shut off after funding cuts.  For >>example, Why couldn't Magellan just be told to go into a "safe" >>mode and stay bobbing about Venus in a low-power-use mode and if >>maybe in a few years if funding gets restored after the economy >>gets better (hopefully), it could be turned on again.   >  >It can be, but the problem is a political one, not a technical one.  Also remember that every dollar spent keeping one spacecraft in safe mode (probably a spin-stabilized sun-pointing orientation) is a dollar not spent on mission analysis for a newer spacecraft.  In order to turn the spacecraft back on, you either need to insure that the Ops guys will be available, or you need to retrain a new team.  Having said that, there are some spacecraft that do what you have proposed. Many of the operational satellites Goddard flies (like the Tiros NOAA  series) require more than one satellite in orbit for an operational set. Extras which get replaced on-orbit are powered into a "standby" mode for use in an emergency.  In that case, however, the same ops team is still required to fly the operational birds; so the standby maintenance is relatively cheap.  Finally, Pat's explanation (some spacecraft require continuous maintenance to stay under control) is also right on the mark.  I suggested a spin- stabilized control mode because it would require little power or  maintenance, but it still might require some momentum dumping from time to time.  In the end, it *is* a political decision (since the difference is money), but there is some technical rationale behind the decision.
In <1993Apr15.204210.26022@mksol.dseg.ti.com> pyron@skndiv.dseg.ti.com (Dillon Pyron) writes:   >There are actually only two of us.  I do Henry, Fred, Tommy and Mary.  Oh yeah, >this isn't my real name, I'm a bald headed space baby.  Yes, and I do everyone else.  Why, you may wonder, don't I do 'Fred'? Well, that would just be too *obvious*, wouldn't it?  Oh yeah, this isn't my real name, either.  I'm actually Elvis.  Or maybe a lemur; I sometimes have difficulty telling which is which.  --  "Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don't have the balls to live  in the real world."   -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden
STK1203@VAX003.STOCKTON.EDU Pontificated:  >I am taking a course entitled "Exploring Science Using Internet". >For our final project, we are to find a compendium of Internet resources  >dealing with a science-related topic. I chose Astronomy. Anyway, I was  >wondering if anyone out there knew of any interesting resources on Internet >that provide information on Astronomy, space, NASA, or anything like that. >  One of the sci.space FAQ postings deal with this.  It's archived somewhere.  Perhaps someone can post where it is (I don' remember).
Francisco da Fonseca Rodrigues writes:  > 	Tonigth a TV journal here in Brasil announced that an object, > beyond Pluto's orbit, was found by an observatory at Hawaii. They > named the object Karla.  The name is a working name only; quite unofficial.  The formal designation is 1993 FW.  > 	The program said the object wasn't a gaseous giant planet, and > should be composed by rocks and ices. >  > 	Can someone confirm these information? Could this object be a > new planet or a Kuiper object?
You forget that Apollo was a Government program and had to start  relatively from scratch. Some people at NASA think that this could work.  One of them replied to me personally after I posted this original message  several days ago. I have heard Jerry Pournelle suggest this idea before.
jpw@cbis.ece.drexel.edu (Joseph Wetstein) writes:   >Hello. I am looking for a program (or algorithm) that can be used >to compute sunrise and sunset times.  Would you mind posting the responses you get? I am also interested, and there may be others.  Thanks,
At one time there was speculation that the first spacewalk  (Alexei Leonov ?) was a staged fake.  Has any evidence to support or contradict this claim emerged ?  Was this claim perhaps another fevered Cold War hallucination ?
dbm0000@tm0006.lerc.nasa.gov (David B. Mckissock) writes:  ...text of options "A" and "B" deleted...  >Option C - Single Core Launch Station. >This is the JSC lead option. Basically, you take a 23 ft diameter >cylinder that's 92 ft long, slap 3 Space Shuttle Main Engines on >the backside, put a nose cone on the top, attached it to a  >regular shuttle external tank and a regular set of solid rocket >motors, and launch the can. Some key features are: >  - Complete end-to-end ground integration and checkout >  - 4 tangentially mounted fixed solar panels >  - body mounted radiators (which adds protection against >    micrometeroid & orbital debris) >  - 2 centerline docking ports (one on each end) >  - 7 berthing ports >  - a single pressurized volume, approximately 26,000 cubic feet >    (twice the volume of skylab). >  - 7 floors, center passageway between floors >  - 10 kW of housekeeping power  Only 10KW?  >  - graceful degradation with failures (8 power channels, 4 thermal >    loops, dual environmental control & life support system) >  - increased crew time for utilization >  - 1 micro-g thru out the core module  Ha!  "North America Modular SPACE STATION construction" :-) Same apprach, same reasoning: "construction occurs under assembly line conditions, no random weather problems interupting site-work on your home - better quality control" -- sounds like first "-" point above :-)  Somehow I have a strange attraction for this idea (living in a modular home maybe has altered my mind).  The only thing that scares me is the part about simply strapping 3 SSME's and a nosecone on it and "just launching it."  I have this vision of something going terribly wrong with the launch resulting in the complete loss of the new modular space station (not just a peice of it as would be the case with staged in-orbit construction).
We are not at the end of the Space Age, but only at the end of Its beginning.  That space exploration is no longer a driver for technical innovation, or a focus of American cultural attention is certainly debatable; however, technical developments in other quarters will always be examined for possible applications in the space area and we can look forward to many innovations that might enhance the capabilities and lower the cost of future space operations.   The Dream is Alive and Well.
Forwarded from Doug Griffith, Magellan Project Manager                       MAGELLAN STATUS REPORT                          April 23, 1993  1.  The Magellan spacecraft continues to operate normally, gathering gravity data to plot the density variations of Venus in the mid-latitudes.  The solar panel offpoint was returned to zero degrees and spacecraft temperatures dropped 2-3 degrees C.  2.  An end-to-end test of the Delayed Aerobraking Data readout process was conducted this week in preparation for the Transition Experiment.  There was some difficulty locking up to the data frames, and engineers are presently checking whether the problem was in equipment at the tracking station.  3.  Magellan has completed 7277 orbits of Venus and is now 32 days from the end of Cycle 4 and the start of the Transition Experiment.  4.  Magellan scientists were participating in the Brown-Vernadsky Microsymposium at Brown University in Providence, RI, this week.  This joint meeting of U.S. and Russian Venus researchers has been continuing for many years.
sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu (Doug Mohney) writes:  > Allen, sometimes I think you're OK.  And sometimes you tend to rashly leap in > making statement without thinking them out.  >  > Wanna guess which today? >  > You'd need to launch HLVs to send up large amounts of stuff.  Do you know  > of a private Titan pad?    Doug-- Actually, if memory serves, the Atlas is an outgrowth of the old  Titan ICBM.  If so, there's probably quite a few old pads, albeit in need  of some serious reconditioning.  Still, Being able to buy the turf and  pad (and bunkers, including prep facility) at Midwest farmland prices  strikes me as pretty damned cheap.