In article <1993May11.061308.17897@news.uiowa.edu> mau@herky.cs.uiowa.edu (Mau Napoleon) writes:  >A few thousand!!!!!!!!  Yup.  >Yes there are a few thousand left today after years of opression by  >Turkey.  I expect better from you, 'Mau'. No, I take that back, I don't. The  treaty on the exchange of the Turkish and Greek minorities (1923) left  no Greek minority in Turkiye, except a few thousand Greeks in istanbul.  Turkiye is no longer an obstacle for 'Pan-Hellenism.' Although the material  basis of Greek policy is no longer visible, there is a residue, which  seems to unite the Pelopenisians, the Greeks who came from Asia Minor,  the Greeks who are originally from the islands of the Marmara Sea or those who live in the numerous Aegean islands. This residue is  also recognizable in the contemporary Greek government.  >As far a Greek Turkish wars are conserned I find it funny that a  >so informed Turk like you forgot to mention the Balkan wars 1912-1923.  Not a chance. Greece lost in each and every war conducted "solely"  between Greece and Turkiye: in the Morea in 1821, in Thessaly in  1897-98, and in Anatolia in 1922. After the Ottoman Empire lost  World War I, the British landed in 1919 a 200,000 Greek army in  Izmir to exterminate the people of Turkiye. Are you suffering  from a severe case of amnesia? The tired and defeated Turks rose up, formed a National Force under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, and on August 30, 1922 they annihilated the bulk of the Greek Army.  >> Turkiye  >> is no longer an obstacle for 'Pan-Hellenism.' Besides, Greece lost  >> in each and every war conducted solely between Greece and Turkiye: in  >> the Morea in 1821, in Thessaly in 1897-98, and in Anatolia in 1922.  >> Especially the 1922 Greek defeat, referred to as 'the Tragedy of  >> Anatolia' by the Greeks, had momentous effects on Greek mind and  >> behaviour.  >I find it curious that a historian like you forgot the wars that  >demolished the Ottoman Empire. 1912 - 1913.  I love people who don't read and then spout myths as evidence. Where were Greeks in 1912 and 1913? I guess, they were busy with...    Greek Efforts to Decimate the Jewish Population of Salonica              Culminated in 1912 and 1913    <<Those Jews who survived these assaults in Southeastern Europe fled   particularly to Salonica, whose Jewish population increased substantially   as a result, from 28,000 in 1876 to 90,000 in 1908, more than half the   total population, though even there increased persecution by local Greeks   led many Jews to flee elsewhere in the Ottoman Empire, particularly to   the great port of Izmir.    Despite all the pressure from Ottomans and foreign Jews alike, the ritual   murders and other assaults by Christians on Jews went on and on. Greek   efforts to decimate the Jewish population of Salonica culminated in 1912   and 1913, following Greek conquest of Salonica during the first Balkan War,   when many of its Jews, were either killed or terrorized into leaving...>>    <<Though Greece was obligated by the post World War I treaties to allow   Jews and other minorities to use their own languages in education and to   practice their religions without hindrance, a law was issued in 1923   which forbad all inhabitants from working on Sunday, stimulating a new   Jewish exodus as it was intended to do. Between 1932 and 1934 there was a   series of anti-Semitic riots in Salonica, with the Cambel quarter, where   most of the remaining Jews lived, being burned to the ground. This   was followed by regulations requiring the use of Greek and prohibiting   Hebrew and Judea-Spanish in the Jewish schools. A start was made also   on expropriating the land of the principal Jewish cemetery in Salonica   for use by the new University in order to derive the Jews out [47]. By   killing and driving out large numbers of Jews, the Greeks left a   substantial Greek majority in the city for the first time, and starting   Salonica Jewry on the way to its final decimation by the Nazis during the   occupation of Greece starting in 1941.    Salonica and Izmir of course were not the only places of refuge for   Jewish refugees entering the Empire during its last century of existence.   Istanbul, Edirne, and other parts of Rumelia and Anatolia received   thousands more. Nor were Jews the only refugees received and helped by   the government of the Sultan. Thousands of Muslims accompanied them in   flight from similar persecutions wherever Balkan christian states gained   independence or expanded. The Russian conquest of the Crimea and the   Caucasus starting in the late eighteenth century, and particularly during   and after the Crimean War, combined with the same independence movements   in Southeastern Europe that had caused so much suffering and flight among   its Jews caused thousands of helpless, ill, and poverty-stricken Muslim   refugees to accompany them into the ever shrinking boundaries of the   Ottoman Empire, with the Istanbul government struggling mightly but vainly   to house and feed them as best it could. From 1850 to 1864 as many as   800,000 Crimean Tatars, Circassians, and other Muslims from north and   east of the Black Sea had entered Anatolia alone, as many as 200,000 more   came during the next twenty years, while 474,389 refugees entered in 1876-   1877 as a result of the Ottoman wars with Russia and the Balkan states,   with an equal number gaining refuge in the European portions of the   Empire.>>  [47] Robert Mantran, 'La structure sociale de la communaute juive de   Salonqiue a la fin du dix-neuvieme siecle', RH no.534 (1980), 391-92;   Nehama VII, 762; Joseph Nehama (Salonica) to AIU (Paris) no.2868/2,   12 May 1903 (AIU Archives I-C-43); and no.2775, 10 January 1900 (AIU   Archives I-C-41), describing daily battles between Jewish and Greek   children in the streets of Salonica. Benghiat, Director of Ecole Moise   Allatini, Salonica, to AIU (Paris), no.7784, 1 December 1909 (AIU   Archives I-C-48), describing Greek attacks on Jews, boycotts of Jewish   shops and manufacturers, and Greek press campaigns leading to blood libel   attacks. Cohen, Ecole Secondaire Moise Allatini, Salonica, to AIU (Paris),   no.7745/4, 4 December 1912 (AIU Archives I-C-49) describes a week of terror   that followed the Greek army occupation  of Salonica in 1912, with the   soldiers pillaging the Jewish quarters and destroying Jewish synagogues,   accompanied by what he described as an 'explosion of hatred' by local   Greek population against local Jews and Muslims. Mizrahi, President of the   AIU at Salonica, reported to the AIU (Paris), no.2704/3, 25 July 1913   (AIU Archives I-C-51) that 'It was not only the irregulars (Comitadjis)   that massacred, pillaged and burned. The Army soldiers, the Chief of   Police, and the high civil officials also took an active part in the   horrors...', Moise Tovi (Salonica) to AIU (Paris) no.3027 (20 August 1913)   (AIU Archives I-C-51) describes the Greek pillage of the Jewish quarter   during the night of 18-19 August 1913.  (AIU = Alliance Israelite Universelle, Paris.)  Serdar Argic