can gardnerella cause abnormal pap
An abnormal result, which requires repeat evaluation every six months, usually suggests minor non-malignant concerns such as infection, inflammation or irritation. Infection with candida (yeast), chlamydia, trichomonas, gardnerella, herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis and human papillomavirus can cause abnormal changes leading to cervicitis (cervical inflammation). If Pap smear results become repetitively abnormal, further evaluation of the cervix can be done by colposcopy. A colposcope magnifies the cervix to make the abnormal areas more visible. Tiny biopsies (pieces of tissue) are taken from these areas, which are examined by a pathologist and graded accordingly.