describe how a nerve cell is specialized
Types of Neurons (Nerve Cells). The human body is made up of trillions of cells. Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry messages through an electrochemical process. The human brain has approximately 100 billion neurons.To learn how neurons carry messages, read about the action potential.owever, neurons differ from other cells in the body because: 1  Neurons have specialize cell parts called dendrites and axons. 2  Neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process. 3  Neurons contain some specialized structures (for example, synapses) and chemicals (for example, neurotransmitters).