what causes the fistula to mature
Although the mature hemodialysis AV fistula is associated with fewer complications compared with other types of vascular access, when problems occur, they need to be managed effectively. The main causes of failure in a mature hemodialysis AV fistula are vascular stenotic lesions. These lesions manifest as decreased flow leading to inadequate dialysis and eventually thrombosis. Failure of the mature AV fistula and management will be reviewed here. Primary failure of the newly created hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula is reviewed separately, as are other types of AV fistula dysfunction, such as hemodialysis ischemic syndrome, aneurysm formation, infection, and excess flow leading to congestive heart failure.