when was the republic of turkey formed?
AtatÃ¼rk era (1923â1938) The history of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923, with Mustafa Kemal (AtatÃ¼rk) as its first president. The government was formed from the Ankara-based revolutionary group, led by Mustafa Kemal AtatÃ¼rk and his colleagues. The second constitution was ratified by the Grand National Assembly on April 20, 1924.