effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism
Insulin is a key player in the control of intermediary metabolism, and the big picture is that it organizes the use of fuels for either storage or oxidation. Through these activities, insulin has profound effects on both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and significant influences on protein and mineral metabolism. Consequently, derangements in insulin signalling have widespread and devastating effects on many organs and tissues.
The maintenance of normal carbohydrate tolerance requires the coordinated interaction of glucose, insulin, and glucagon. In the postabsorptive state the inhibitory effect of insulin on hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis is precisely balanced by the stimulatory effect of glucagon.