do gymnosperms have spores produced by meiosis
All plants produce spores by meiosis; algae and fungi produce spores by meiosis or mitosis. This is called alternation of generation. In the lower plants, the gametophyte generation is the dominant stage; in higher plants, the sporophyte generation is the dominant stage. Four major groups of plants have evolved. The bryophytes are seedless and disperse via haploid spores. The ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants have vascular tissue.