how is standard deviation affected when an outlier is removed
Outliers increase the standard deviation. Mean is most affected by outliers, since all values in a sample are given the same weight when calculating mean. A value that is far removed from the mean is going to likely skew your results and increase the standard deviation. Say you have five values: 2, 1, 2, 1.5, and 2.1. Your mean would be 1.72 and your standard deviation would be 0.47.