what are independent and dependent variables in an experiment
The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated during an experiment, and it gets its name because it is independent of other factors. It's the cause of the experiment that changes the dependent variable, which is the variable that is affected during an experiment.
A dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. It is called dependent because it depends on the independent variable.