define causality
Causality (also referred to as 'causation', or 'cause and effect') is the relation between an event (the cause) and a second event (the effect), where the first event is understood to be responsible for the second. direct factor is a factor that affects an effect directly, that is, without any intervening factors. (Intervening factors are sometimes called intermediate factors.) The connection between a cause(s) and an effect in this way can also be referred to as a causal nexus.