Question: persuasive authority which judges may use in cases of first impression
Answer: Persuasive precedent includes cases decided by lower courts , by peer or higher courts from other geographic jurisdictions , cases made in other parallel systems ( for example , military courts , administrative courts , indigenous / tribal courts , state courts versus federal courts in the United States ) , statements made in dicta , treatises or academic law reviews , and in some exceptional circumstances , cases of other nations , treaties , world judicial bodies , etc .