Chile

The Central Bank of Chile in Santiago serves as the central bank for the country. The Chilean currency is the Chilean peso (CLP). Chile is one of South America's most stable and prosperous nations, leading Latin American nations in human development, competitiveness, income per capita, globalization, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption. Since July 2013, Chile is considered by the World Bank as a ``high - income economy ''.

Euro

The name euro was officially adopted on 16 December 1995 in Madrid. The euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, replacing the former European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio of 1: 1 (US $1.1743). Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002, making it the day - to - day operating currency of its original members, and by May 2002 had completely replaced the former currencies. While the euro dropped subsequently to US $0.83 within two years (26 October 2000), it has traded above the U.S. dollar since the end of 2002, peaking at US $1.60 on 18 July 2008. Since late 2009, the euro has been immersed in the European sovereign - debt crisis which has led to the creation of the European Financial Stability Facility as well as other reforms aimed at stabilising the currency. In July 2012, the euro fell below US $1.21 for the first time in two years, following concerns raised over Greek debt and Spain's troubled banking sector. As of April 2018, the euro -- dollar exchange rate stands at ~ US $1.23.

Indian rupee sign

The Indian rupee sign (sign: ₹; code: INR) is the currency sign for the Indian rupee, the official currency of India. Designed by D. Udaya Kumar, it was presented to the public by the Government of India on 15 July 2010, following its selection through an ``open ''competition among Indian residents. The symbol uses U + 20B9 ₹Indian Rupee Sign Unicode character. Before its adoption, the most commonly used symbols for the rupee were Rs, Re or, if the text was in an Indian language, an appropriate abbreviation in that language. The new sign relates solely to the Indian rupee; other countries that use a rupee, such as Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Nepal, still use the generic U + 20A8 Rs Rupee Sign character.

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) (show) Bengali: দক্ষিণ এশীয় আঞ্চলিক সহযোগিতা সংস্থা Dari: اتحادیه همکاری‌های منطقه‌ای جنوب آسی Dzongkha: ༄ ལྷོ ཨེསིཨ ་ རེ ་ གིཨོནལ ་ ཅོཨོཔེརཏིཨོན ་ ཀོ ་ མི ་ ཏི ། Hindi: दक्षिण एशियाई क्षेत्रीय सहयोग संगठन Maldivian: ދެކުނު އޭޝިޔާގެ ސަރަޙައްދީ އެއްބާރުލުމުގެ ޖަމިއްޔާ Nepali: दक्षिण एशियाली क्षेत्रीय सहयोग सङ्गठन Pashto: د سویلي اسیا لپاره د سیمه ایزی همکارۍ ټولنه Sinhalese: දකුණු ආසියාතික කලාපීය සහයෝගිතා සංවිධානය Tamil: தெற்காசிய நாடுகளின் பிராந்தியக் கூட்டமைப்பு Urdu: جنوبی ایشیائی علاقائی تعاون کی تنظیم  Logo Member states Observer states Headquarters Kathmandu Official languages English Demonym South Asian Member states 8 members (show) Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka 9 observers (show) Australia China EU Iran Japan Mauritius Myanmar South Korea United States Leaders Secretary - General Amjad B. Hussain Establishment 8 December 1985 Area Total 5,099,611 km (1,968,971 sq mi) (7th) Water (%) 6.8 Population 2015 estimate 1,713,870,000 (1st) Density 336.1 / km (870.5 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total US $11.64 trillion (3rd) GDP (nominal) 2017 estimate Total US $3.31 trillion (5th) Currency 8 currencies (show) Afghani (AFN) Taka (৳) (BDT) Ngultrum (BTN) Rupee (₹) (INR) Rufiyaa (MVR) Rupee (रु.) (NPR) Rupee (PKR) Rupee (LKR) Time zone (UTC + 4: 30 to + 6) Calling code 8 codes (show) + 880 + 91 + 92 + 93 + 94 + 960 + 975 + 977 Internet TLD. asia Website www.saarc-sec.org

Indian numbering system

The Indian numbering system is used in the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) and in Burma. The terms lakh or lac (100,000 or 1, 00,000 in the Indian system) and crore (10,000,000 or 1, 00, 00,000 in the Indian system) are used in Indian English to express large numbers. For example, in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as ₹1, 50,000 or INR 1, 50,000, while 30,000,000 (thirty million) rupees becomes 3 crore rupees, written as ₹3, 00, 00,000 with commas at the thousand, lakh, and crore levels, and 1,000,000,000 (one billion) rupees (one hundred crore rupees or one arab अरब) is written ₹1, 00, 00, 00,000. While there are specific terms for numbers larger than 1 crore, these are not commonly used, and most practitioners are not familiar with these. In common parlance, the thousand, lakh, crore terminology repeats for larger numbers. Thus 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion) becomes 1 lakh crore, and is written as 10, 00, 00, 00, 00,000.

Greece

The Greek economy is classified as advanced and high-income. Greece was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). In 1979 the accession of the country in the European Communities and the single market was signed, and the process was completed in 1982. Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro. Greece is also a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, and is ranked 24th on the KOF Globalization Index for 2013.

Coins of the Indian rupee

Stainless steel coinage of 10, 25 and 50 paisa, was introduced in 1988 and in 1992, a new rupee coin was minted. This coin was smaller and lighter than the older rupee and was also made of stainless steel. In 1992, a 5 rupee Cupronickel coin was introduced. In 2005, 10 rupee coin was minted for the first time. The higher denomination coins were introduced due to increasing demand for change and increasing cost of printing 2, 5 and 10 rupee banknotes.

United Nations Population Fund

In September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, and usher in an era of development for all people, everywhere.

Development Loan Fund

The Development Loan Fund (DLF) was the lending arm of the United States International Cooperation Administration. It was established in 1957 as part of a revision of the Mutual Security Act. Its main purpose was extending loans to foreign nations, mostly for capital projects, repayable in the local currency of the borrower. In 1961, it merged into the United States Agency for International Development.

Masala bonds

Masala bonds are bonds issued outside India but denominated in Indian Rupees, rather than the local currency. Masala is an indian word and it means spices. The term was used by IFC to evoke the culture and cuisine of India. Unlike dollar bonds, where the borrower takes the currency risk, masala bond makes the investors bear the risk. The first Masala bond was issued by the World Bank backed International Finance Corporation in November 2014 when it raised 1,000 crore bond to fund infrastructure projects in India. Later in August 2015 International Financial Cooperation for the first time issued green masala bonds and raised Rupees 3.15 Billion to be used for private sector investments that address climate change in India.

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) (show) Bengali: দক্ষিণ এশীয় আঞ্চলিক সহযোগিতা সংস্থা Dari: اتحادیه همکاری‌های منطقه‌ای جنوب آسی Dzongkha: ༄ ལྷོ ཨེསིཨ ་ རེ ་ གིཨོནལ ་ ཅོཨོཔེརཏིཨོན ་ ཀོ ་ མི ་ ཏི ། Hindi: दक्षिण एशियाई क्षेत्रीय सहयोग संगठन Maldivian: ދެކުނު އޭޝިޔާގެ ސަރަޙައްދީ އެއްބާރުލުމުގެ ޖަމިއްޔާ Nepali: दक्षिण एशियाली क्षेत्रीय सहयोग सङ्गठन Pashto: د سویلي اسیا لپاره د سیمه ایزی همکارۍ ټولنه Sinhalese: දකුණු ආසියාතික කලාපීය සහයෝගිතා සංවිධානය Tamil: தெற்காசிய நாடுகளின் பிராந்தியக் கூட்டமைப்பு Urdu: جنوبی ایشیائی علاقائی تعاون کی تنظیم  Logo Member states Observer states Headquarters Kathmandu Official languages English Demonym South Asian Member states 8 members (show) Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka 9 observers (show) Australia China EU Iran Japan Mauritius Myanmar South Korea United States Leaders Secretary - General Amjad B. Hussain Establishment 8 December 1985 Area Total 5,099,611 km (1,968,971 sq mi) (7th) Water (%) 6.8 Population 2015 estimate 1,713,870,000 (1st) Density 336.1 / km (870.5 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2015 estimate Total US $9.9 trillion (3rd) GDP (nominal) 2015 estimate Total US $2.9 trillion (5th) Currency 8 currencies (show) Afghani (AFN) Taka (৳) (BDT) Ngultrum (BTN) Rupee (₹) (INR) Rufiyaa (MVR) Rupee (रु.) (NPR) Rupee (PKR) Rupee (LKR) Time zone (UTC + 4: 30 to + 6) Calling code 8 codes (show) + 880 + 91 + 92 + 93 + 94 + 960 + 975 + 977 Internet TLD. asia Website www.saarc-sec.org

Lakh

In Indian English, the word is used both as an attributive and non-attributive noun, and with either a marked (``- s '') or unmarked plural, as in:`` 1 lakh people'' or ``1 lakh of people '';`` 200 lakh rupees''; ``5 lakh of rupees '';`` rupees 10 lakhs''; or ``5 lakhs of rupees ''. In the abbreviated form, usage such as`` ₹5L'' (for ``rupees 5 lakhs '') is common. In this system of numeration 100 lakh is called one crore and is equal to 10 million.

1973 oil crisis

On August 15, 1971, the United States unilaterally pulled out of the Bretton Woods Accord. The US abandoned the Gold Exchange Standard whereby the value of the dollar had been pegged to the price of gold and all other currencies were pegged to the dollar, whose value was left to "float" (rise and fall according to market demand). Shortly thereafter, Britain followed, floating the pound sterling. The other industrialized nations followed suit with their respective currencies. Anticipating that currency values would fluctuate unpredictably for a time, the industrialized nations increased their reserves (by expanding their money supplies) in amounts far greater than before. The result was a depreciation of the dollar and other industrialized nations' currencies. Because oil was priced in dollars, oil producers' real income decreased. In September 1971, OPEC issued a joint communiqué stating that, from then on, they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold.

Economy of Greece

Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981. In 2001 Greece adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachmae per euro. Greece is a member of the International Monetary Fund and of the World Trade Organization, and ranked 34th on Ernst & Young's Globalization Index 2011.

Enterprise Rupes

Enterprise Rupes is an escarpment on Mercury, located at 36.54°S, 283.46°W. It is the longest rupes on Mercury, with a length of . The escarpment was named after , a ship which conducted the first surveys of the Mississippi and Amazon rivers.

Euro

The name ``euro ''was officially adopted in Madrid on 16 December 1995. Belgian Esperantist Germain Pirlot, a former teacher of French and history is credited with naming the new currency by sending a letter to then President of the European Commission, Jacques Santer, suggesting the name`` euro'' on 4 August 1995.

Coins of the Indian rupee

After Indian independence, British Indian coins were in use as a frozen currency until India became a republic in 1950. The first rupee coins of the Republic of India were minted in 1950. These included 1 / 2 rupee, 1 / 4 rupee, 2 anna, 1 anna, 1 / 2 anna & 1 pice coins, and are referred to as the anna series or pre-decimal coinage. Under the anna series, one rupee was divided into 16 annas or 64 pice, with each anna equal to 4 pice.

Eswatini

Swaziland is a developing country with a small economy. Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income. As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa. Swaziland's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand. Swaziland's major overseas trading partners are the United States and the European Union. The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Swaziland is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations.

Rupes Boris

Rupes Boris is a short fault or ridge in the lunar surface that is located in the northwestern quadrant of the Moon's near side, within Mare Imbrium. Its name was adopted in 1985 by the International Astronomical Union, and was taken from the tiny nearby crater Boris. The selenographic coordinates of this feature are , and it has a length of just 4 km.

IDBI Bank

The Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) was established in 1964 under an Act of Parliament as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India. In 1976, the ownership of IDBI was transferred to the Government of India and it was made the principal financial institution for coordinating the activities of institutions engaged in financing, promoting and developing industry in India. IDBI provided financial assistance, both in rupee and foreign currencies, for green - field projects as also for expansion, modernisation and diversification purposes. In the wake of financial sector reforms unveiled by the government since 1992, IDBI also provided indirect financial assistance by way of refinancing of loans extended by State - level financial institutions and banks and by way of rediscounting of bills of exchange arising out of sale of indigenous machinery on deferred payment terms.

Question: What nationality was the developer of the currency the Mughals adopted the rupee from?


Grant's First Stand

Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as "First Session" in 2001.

Hot Pants (Gene Summers song)

"Hot Pants" is a song recorded on February 2, 1971 in Dallas, Texas by Gene Summers & the Platinum Fog. Rush-released in the United States by Charay Records on February 5, 1971, it preceding the release of James Brown's song of the same name by several months. It was reviewed favorably by "Cash Box" and as a "Personal Pick" by the "Gavin Report".

Santos Place

Santos Place was designed by Donovan Hill Architect, and constructed by Hutchinson Builders (in a Design & Construct procurement method). The total cost of the building's construction is A$270 million and it provides 33 000 m2 of floor area. Santos Place is Australia's largest building to receive a 6 star green building design rating. It features energy efficiency measures such as "high performance double glazing, substantial external sun shading, state of the art ventilation and an energy-efficient gas-powered trigeneration system". Sensored lighting switches off automatically if no movement is detected after five minutes. Rainwater is collected on the roof and stored in tanks on the top of the building. Construction of the building was done with 20% recycled concrete and 90% recycled steel. It includes a two-level gymnasium and 280 secured basement bicycle parks.

La Nau

La Nau (literally "The Nave") is the former building of the old Universidad Literaria in Valencia, and is today one of the smaller buildings of the modern Universitat de València. The street itself is known as the "carrer de la Nau" after the building. It was built in 1497 and remodelled in 1830. The courtyard is now used for a cafe and exhibitions.

Hard Rock Cafe

The chain began to expand worldwide in 1982 with locations in (among others) Toronto, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Paris, and Berlin. Hard Rock Cafe locations in the United States vary from smaller, more tourist driven markets (Biloxi, Pigeon Forge, Key West, etc.) to large metropolises (Houston, Philadelphia, New York City, Chicago, Boston, Washington, D.C., etc.). Hard Rock Cafe typically does not franchise cafe locations in the United States. All US cafes are corporate owned and operated, except for cafes in Tampa and Four Winds New Buffalo casino. However, in the transition of the Las Vegas Hard Rock Hotel property originally owned and then later sold to Rank by founder Peter Morton, Morton retained hotel naming rights west of the Mississippi. When Morton sold his Las Vegas Hard Rock Hotel to the Morgans Hotel Group, he also sold those naming rights, which then gave rise to two US franchised hotels (without cafes) in Albuquerque and Tulsa. The Albuquerque hotel no longer pays for the Hard Rock rights and reverted to its former name in June 2013. More hotels franchised from Morgan's are planned for Sioux City and Vancouver.

Lee Payant

From 1949 until his death in 1976 he and his musical associate and life partner Gordon Heath ran a cafe and nightclub named L'Abbaye on the Rive Gauche in Paris. Here they both regularly played American and French folk, gospel and blues songs - being the only performers at the Abbaye. L'Abbaye was the namesake of their duet albums titled "Songs Of The Abbaye" (1954), "Encores From The Abbaye" (1955), and "An Evening at L'Abbaye" (1957) on the Elektra label. Payant died of cancer in Paris in 1976.

The Beaches of Agnès

The Beaches of Agnès () is a 2008 French documentary film directed by Agnès Varda. The film is an autobiographical essay where Varda revisits places from her past, reminisces about life and celebrates her 80th birthday on camera. Varda said it would most likely be her last film, but released the documentary Faces Places a decade later.

Green

The late nineteenth century also brought the systematic study of color theory, and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other. These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh. Describing his painting, The Night Cafe, to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: "I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions. The hall is blood red and pale yellow, with a green billiard table in the center, and four lamps of lemon yellow, with rays of orange and green. Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens."

Sean Meenan

Sean Meenan is an American entrepreneur from New York. He conceived and owns Cafe Habana in the Nolita section of Manhattan, Habana Outpost in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, Cafe Habana Malibu in Malibu, California and Cafe Habana Dubai in Dubai, UAE. He is the initial investor in Etsy as well as the initial investor in The Elder Statesman.

Sewardite

Sewardite is a rare arsenate mineral with formula of CaFe(AsO)(OH). Sewardite was discovered in 1982 and named for the mineralogist, Terry M. Seward (born 1940), a professor of geochemistry in Zürich, Switzerland.

Christina Courtin

A performer from an early age and a graduate of the Juilliard School, Christina Courtin released her first, self-titled, album in June 2009 on Nonesuch Records, of which Patrick McKiernan of website allgigs.co.uk stated, "It's nothing short of immense how beautiful this girl's debut album is." She was featured on NPR's World Cafe in 2009. She performs regularly with The Knights, an ensemble founded by fellow Juilliard graduates, brothers Colin and Eric Jacobsen.

Red

The 19th century also saw the use of red in art to create specific emotions, not just to imitate nature. It saw the systematic study of color theory, and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other. These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh. Describing his painting, The Night Cafe, to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: "I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions. The hall is blood red and pale yellow, with a green billiard table in the center, and four lamps of lemon yellow, with rays of orange and green. Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens."

Green Valley (CDP), Wisconsin

Green Valley is an unincorporated census-designated place located in the town of Green Valley, Shawano County, Wisconsin, United States. Green Valley is east of Shawano. As of the 2010 census, its population was 133.

NFL season ticket waiting lists

The Green Bay Packers have the longest waiting list, with more than 100,000 names. The team's website says the wait is 30 years. It is a common custom in Green Bay and other Wisconsin cities to put a baby's name on the list as soon as the birth certificate is obtained. Transfer of standing to surviving relatives is permitted by the Packers.

Fried Green Tomatoes

Avnet hired Barbara Ling as production designer. Scouting for a location, she found Juliette, Georgia, a town that was, according to Avnet, nearly deserted. The building chosen to be the Whistle Stop Café was formerly an antique and hardware store. It was redesigned as a cafe, with a horseshoe shaped counter to allow for optimal camera angles.

I Love Lucy

Originally set in an apartment building in New York City, "I Love Lucy" centers on Lucy Ricardo (Lucille Ball) and her singer/bandleader husband Ricky Ricardo (Desi Arnaz), along with their best friends and landlords Fred Mertz (William Frawley) and Ethel Mertz (Vivian Vance). During the second season, Lucy and Ricky have a son named Ricky Ricardo Jr. ("Little Ricky"), whose birth was timed to coincide with Ball's real-life birth of her son Desi Arnaz Jr.

Jesse Bennett

Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794.

Huntridge Theater

Huntridge Theater sometimes known as the Huntridge Performing Arts Theater is a Streamline Moderne building located in Las Vegas, Nevada that is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. The building was designed by S. Charles Lee.

Chateau Neuf

Chateau Neuf is a building in Oslo, Norway that houses Det Norske Studentersamfund (The Norwegian Students' Society), including cafes, bars, performance centers, and other facilities for student assembly. It is situated at Slemdalsveien 15 near Majorstuen just south of the main campus of the University of Oslo at Blindern.

Reminisce Cafe

Reminisce Cafe is a landmark album by Gene Summers, released in 2008. It is his 50th anniversary Album (CD) issued by Seduction Records on February 1, 2008, exactly 50 years to the day of the release of his first hit single "School Of Rock 'n Roll"/ "Straight Skirt".

Question: What is the name of the green building in the birth city of the performer of the album Reminisce Cafe?


Harry Bath

Harry Bath (28 November 1924 – 4 October 2008), born Alfred Henry Bath, also known by the nickname of "The Old Fox", was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach who was prominent and influential in the mid-20th century. A state and international representative who played 12 matches for Other Nationalities in the International Championship from 1949 to 1955, he played as a and has been referred to as the best Australian rugby league player never to be picked for the Australian national team. Following his retirement, Bath coached in the New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership for two decades, also achieving selection as the Australian national team coach.

2011 Dalbandin earthquake

About 200 mud houses, including some government offices, were reported damaged in the Dalbandin area of Pakistan. Two women died of heart attacks in Quetta after the earthquake, about 330 km northeast of the epicenter, where the Mercalli intensity was IV (Light).

Bath stone

Bath Stone has been used extensively as a building material throughout southern England, for churches, houses, and public buildings such as railway stations.

Mud Bay, Alaska

Mud Bay is a census-designated place (CDP) in Haines Borough, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 212, up from 137 at the 2000 census.

Klawasi group

The Klawasi group is a cluster of three large mud volcanoes on the western flank of Mount Drum, a Pleistocene stratovolcano in the Wrangell Mountains of east-central Alaska in the United States. The cluster includes the Upper Klawasi, the Lower Klawasi and the Shrub.

A Body in the Bath House

A Body in the Bath House is a 2001 historical mystery crime novel by Lindsey Davis and the 13th book of the Marcus Didius Falco Mysteries series. Set in Rome and Britannia in AD 75, the novel stars Marcus Didius Falco, informer and imperial agent. The title refers to the discovery of a corpse hidden beneath the floor of one bath house and a murder which takes place in another.

Fashion Museum, Bath

The Fashion Museum (known before 2007 as the Museum of Costume) is housed in the Assembly Rooms in Bath, Somerset, England.

David Bomberg

Bomberg was one of the most audacious of the exceptional generation of artists who studied at the Slade School of Art under Henry Tonks, and which included Mark Gertler, Stanley Spencer, C.R.W. Nevinson and Dora Carrington. Bomberg painted a series of complex geometric compositions combining the influences of cubism and futurism in the years immediately preceding World War I; typically using a limited number of striking colours, turning humans into simple, angular shapes, and sometimes overlaying the whole painting a strong grid-work colouring scheme. He was expelled from the Slade School of Art in 1913, with agreement between the senior teachers Tonks, Frederick Brown and Philip Wilson Steer, because of the audacity of his breach from the conventional approach of that time.

Timeline of United States railway history

1795 - 96 & 1799 - 1804 or '05 -- In 1795, Charles Bullfinch, the architect of Boston's famed State House first employed a temporary funicular railway with specially designed dumper cars to decapitate' the Tremont's' Beacon Hill summit and begin the decades long land reclamation projects which created most of the real estate in Boston's lower elevations of today from broad mud flats, such as South Boston, Eastern parts of Dorchester, much of the shorelines of the entire Charles River basin on both the left and right banks and Brighton from mud flats, and most famously and tellingly especially the Back Bay.

Peter Short (rugby union)

Peter Short (born 20 June 1979 in Liverpool, England) was a rugby union footballer who played as a lock forward predominantly for Bath in the Aviva Premiership.

Mud Spring (Antelope Valley)

Mud Spring, formerly Aquaje Lodoso, is a spring and historic site in the western Antelope Valley, within northern Los Angeles County, southern California.

West Bath, Maine

West Bath is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,877 at the 2010 census. A sub-locality of West Bath is Winnegance. West Bath is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.

Southampton

Southampton became a spa town in 1740. It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide.

The Child's Bath

The Child's Bath (or The Bath) is an 1893 oil painting by American artist Mary Cassatt. The subject matter and the overhead perspective were inspired by Japanese woodblocks. It shows dignity in motherhood and has a style similar to that of Degas.

William Prynne

Born at Swainswick, near Bath, Somerset, William Prynne was educated at Bath Grammar School and Oriel College, Oxford. He graduated with a BA on 22 January 1621, was admitted a student of Lincoln's Inn in the same year, and was called to the bar in 1628. According to Anthony à Wood, he was confirmed in his militant puritanism by the influence of John Preston, who was then lecturer at Lincoln's Inn. In 1627 he published his first book, a theological treatise, followed in the next three years by three others attacking Arminianism and its teachers. In the preface to one of them he appealed to parliament to suppress anything written against Calvinist doctrine and to force the clergy to subscribe to the conclusion of the Synod of Dort. Prynne was a strong disciplinarian. After arguing that the custom of drinking healths was sinful, he asserted that for men to wear their hair long was "unseemly and unlawful unto Christians", while it was "mannish, unnatural, impudent, and unchristian" for women to cut it short.

Bed Bath & Beyond

In 1971, Warren Eisenberg and Leonard Feinstein opened a store in Springfield, New Jersey called Bed 'n Bath. By 1985, Eisenberg and Feinstein were operating 17 stores in the New York metropolitan area and California. Also in 1985, the first superstore was opened, as an attempt to remain competitive with Linens' n Things, Pacific Linen, and Luxury Linens. In order to properly represent the size increase in its retail stores, the company changed its name to Bed Bath & Beyond.

Estée Lauder (businesswoman)

In 1953, Lauder introduced her first fragrance, Youth - Dew, a bath oil that doubled as a perfume. Instead of using French perfumes by the drop behind each ear, women began using Youth - Dew by the bottle in their bath water. In the first year, it sold 50,000 bottles, and by 1984, the figure had jumped to 150 million.

Bath, South Dakota

Bath is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Brown County, South Dakota, United States. As of the 2010 census, Bath had a population of 172. Bath has been assigned the ZIP code of 57427.

The Mud Bath

The Mud Bath is a 1914 oil-on-canvas painting by David Bomberg. The work is considered a masterpiece of Bomberg's work in this period. Bomberg was a founder member of the London Group, and the painting is considered a leading example of Vorticism, although Bomberg resisted being described as a Vorticist.

Scott Bemand

Scott Bemand (born 21 September 1978 in Hereford) is a retired English rugby union player. He formerly played for Harlequins, Leicester Tigers and Bath.

Question: Where was the painter of The Mud Bath educated?


Gene

The total complement of genes in an organism or cell is known as its genome, which may be stored on one or more chromosomes. A chromosome consists of a single, very long DNA helix on which thousands of genes are encoded.:4.2 The region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located is called its locus. Each locus contains one allele of a gene; however, members of a population may have different alleles at the locus, each with a slightly different gene sequence.

Circadian rhythm

A defect in the human homologue of the Drosophila "period" gene was identified as a cause of the sleep disorder FASPS (Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome), underscoring the conserved nature of the molecular circadian clock through evolution. Many more genetic components of the biological clock are now known. Their interactions result in an interlocked feedback loop of gene products resulting in periodic fluctuations that the cells of the body interpret as a specific time of the day.[citation needed]

RAET1L

Retinoic acid early transcript 1L (RAET1L) is a cell surface glycoprotein encoded by "RAET1L" gene located on the chromosome 6. RAET1L is related to MHC class I molecules, but its gene maps outside the MHC locus. RAET1L is composed of the α1α2 domain and is linked to the cell membrane by the GPI anchor. It functions as a stress-induced ligand for NKG2D receptor. Its expression is, for example, triggered in course of HCMV infection, but HCMV alters its function. HCMV-encoded UL16 glycoprotein retains ULBP6 inside the cells, preventing it from reaching the cell surface and being exposed to cells of the immune system.

Hyper-IgM syndrome type 3

Hyper-IgM syndrome type 3 is a form of hyper IgM syndrome characterized by mutations of the "CD40" gene. In this type, Immature B cells cannot receive signal 2 from helper T cells which is necessary to mature into mature B cells.

ULBP2

UL16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2) is a cell surface glycoprotein encoded by "ULBP2" gene located on the chromosome 6. ULBP2 is related to MHC class I molecules, but its gene maps outside the MHC locus. The domain structure of ULBP2 differs significantly from those of conventional MHC class I molecules. It does not contain the α3 domain and the transmembrane segment. ULBP2 is thus composed of only the α1α2 domain which is linked to the cell membrane by the GPI anchor. It functions as a stress-induced ligand for NKG2D receptor.

Center for Cell and Gene Therapy

The Center for Cell and Gene Therapy is a translational research institute within Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, all of which are located in the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas. The Center's mission is to develop novel therapies for a range of diseases through collaboration between basic research laboratories and clinical departments. The Center was founded by Dr. Malcolm K. Brenner in 1998 and includes six major parts. The current director is Dr. Helen E. Heslop, physician-scientist who specializes in translational research.

ULBP1

UL16 binding protein 1 (ULBP1) is a cell surface glycoprotein encoded by "ULBP1" gene located on the chromosome 6. ULBP1 is related to MHC class I molecules, but its gene maps outside the MHC locus. The domain structure of ULBP1 differs significantly from those of conventional MHC class I molecules. It does not contain the α3 domain and the transmembrane segment. ULBP1 is thus composed of only the α1α2 domain which is linked to the cell membrane by the GPI anchor. It functions as a stress-induced ligand for NKG2D receptor. ULBP1 is, for example, upregulated during HCMV infection. Binding of HCMV-encoded UL16 glycoprotein to ULBP1 interferes with cell surface localization of ULBP1; this represents another mechanism by which HCMV-infected cells might escape the immune system.

Genome

Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes.

Varian Medical Systems

Varian Medical Systems (VAR) of Palo Alto, California, USA, is a radiation oncology treatments and software maker. Their medical devices include linear accelerators and software for treating cancer and other medical conditions with radiotherapy, radiosurgery, proton therapy, and brachytherapy. The company supplies software for managing cancer clinics, radiotherapy centers, and medical oncology practices. Varian is a supplier of tubes and digital detectors for X-ray imaging in medical diagnostics, dentistry, veterinary care, scientific, security, industrial inspection including high-energy X-ray technology for cargo screening. Varian Medical Systems employs more than 7,100 people at manufacturing sites in North America, Europe, and China and approximately 70 sites globally.

GJA1

Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1), also known as connexin 43 (Cx43), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "GJA1" gene on chromosome 6. As a connexin, GJA1 is a component of gap junctions, which allow for gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) between cells to regulate cell death, proliferation, and differentiation. As a result of its function, GJA1 is implicated in many biological processes, including muscle contraction, embryonic development, inflammation, and spermatogenesis, as well as diseases, including oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD), heart malformations, and cancers.

Cell cycle

Two key classes of regulatory molecules, cyclins and cyclin - dependent kinases (CDKs), determine a cell's progress through the cell cycle. Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy Hunt, and Paul M. Nurse won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of these central molecules. Many of the genes encoding cyclins and CDKs are conserved among all eukaryotes, but in general more complex organisms have more elaborate cell cycle control systems that incorporate more individual components. Many of the relevant genes were first identified by studying yeast, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae; genetic nomenclature in yeast dubs many of these genes cdc (for ``cell division cycle '') followed by an identifying number, e.g. cdc25 or cdc20.

JAG1

Jagged1 ("JAG1") is one of five cell surface proteins (ligands) that interact with 4 receptors in the mammalian Notch signaling pathway. The Notch Signaling Pathway is a highly conserved pathway that functions to establish and regulate cell fate decisions in many organ systems. Once the JAG1-NOTCH (receptor-ligand) interactions take place, a cascade of proteolytic cleavages is triggered resulting in activation of the transcription for downstream target genes. Located on human chromosome 20, the "JAG1" gene is expressed in multiple organ systems in the body and causes the autosomal dominant disorder Alagille syndrome (ALGS) resulting from loss of function mutations within the gene. "JAG1" has also been designated as CD339 (cluster of differentiation 339).

Genetics

The genome of a given organism contains thousands of genes, but not all these genes need to be active at any given moment. A gene is expressed when it is being transcribed into mRNA and there exist many cellular methods of controlling the expression of genes such that proteins are produced only when needed by the cell. Transcription factors are regulatory proteins that bind to DNA, either promoting or inhibiting the transcription of a gene. Within the genome of Escherichia coli bacteria, for example, there exists a series of genes necessary for the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. However, when tryptophan is already available to the cell, these genes for tryptophan synthesis are no longer needed. The presence of tryptophan directly affects the activity of the genes—tryptophan molecules bind to the tryptophan repressor (a transcription factor), changing the repressor's structure such that the repressor binds to the genes. The tryptophan repressor blocks the transcription and expression of the genes, thereby creating negative feedback regulation of the tryptophan synthesis process.

HBB

HBB is encoded by the "HBB" gene on human chromosome 11. Mutations in the gene produce several variants of the proteins which are implicated with genetic disorders such as sickle-cell disease and beta thalassemia, as well as beneficial traits such as genetic resistance to malaria.

ULBP3

UL16 binding protein 3 (ULBP3) is a cell surface glycoprotein encoded by "ULBP3" gene located on the chromosome 6. ULBP3 is related to MHC class I molecules, but its gene maps outside the MHC locus. The domain structure of ULBP3 differs significantly from those of conventional MHC class I molecules. It does not contain the α3 domain and the transmembrane segment. ULBP3 is thus composed of only the α1α2 domain which is linked to the cell membrane by the GPI anchor. It functions as a stress-induced ligand for NKG2D receptor.

Bcl-2

Cancer can be seen as a disturbance in the homeostatic balance between cell growth and cell death. Over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes, and under-expression of pro-apoptotic genes, can result in the lack of cell death that is characteristic of cancer. An example can be seen in lymphomas. The over-expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in lymphocytes alone does not cause cancer. But simultaneous over-expression of Bcl-2 and the proto-oncogene myc may produce aggressive B-cell malignancies including lymphoma. In follicular lymphoma, a chromosomal translocation commonly occurs between the fourteenth and the eighteenth chromosomes — t(14;18) — which places the Bcl-2 gene from chromosome 18 next to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. This fusion gene is deregulated, leading to the transcription of excessively high levels of Bcl-2. This decreases the propensity of these cells for apoptosis.

PCNT

Pericentrin (kendrin), also known as PCNT and pericentrin-B (PCNTB), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the "PCNT" gene on chromosome 21. This protein localizes to the centrosome and recruits proteins to the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) to ensure proper centrosome and mitotic spindle formation, and thus, uninterrupted cell cycle progression. This gene is implicated in many diseases and disorders, including congenital disorders such as microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) and Seckel syndrome.

Legacy Meridian Park Medical Center

Legacy Meridian Park Medical Center, formerly Legacy Meridian Park Hospital, is an acute care hospital in Tualatin, Oregon, United States. Opened in 1973, it is operated by Legacy Health System. The facility is licensed for 150 beds, but operates only 128. Located in Clackamas County along the boundary with Washington County, it employs over 800 people and is Tualatin’s second largest employer.

Santa Monica, California

Douglas's business grew astronomically with the onset of World War II, employing as many as 44,000 people in 1943. To defend against air attack set designers from the Warner Brothers Studios prepared elaborate camouflage that disguised the factory and airfield. The RAND Corporation began as a project of the Douglas Company in 1945, and spun off into an independent think tank on May 14, 1948. RAND eventually acquired a 15-acre (61,000 m²) campus centrally located between the Civic Center and the pier entrance.

Houston

Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions. All 49 member institutions of the Texas Medical Center are non-profit organizations. They provide patient and preventive care, research, education, and local, national, and international community well-being. Employing more than 73,600 people, institutions at the medical center include 13 hospitals and two specialty institutions, two medical schools, four nursing schools, and schools of dentistry, public health, pharmacy, and virtually all health-related careers. It is where one of the first—and still the largest—air emergency service, Life Flight, was created, and a very successful inter-institutional transplant program was developed. More heart surgeries are performed at the Texas Medical Center than anywhere else in the world.

Question: How many people are employed in the location of the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy?


Queen Victoria

At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV). The Prince Regent and the Duke of York were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers were unlikely to have any further children. The Dukes of Kent and Clarence married on the same day 12 months before Victoria's birth, but both of Clarence's daughters (born in 1819 and 1820 respectively) died as infants. Victoria's grandfather and father died in 1820, within a week of each other, and the Duke of York died in 1827. On the death of her uncle George IV in 1830, Victoria became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle, William IV. The Regency Act 1830 made special provision for the Duchess of Kent to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor. King William distrusted the Duchess's capacity to be regent, and in 1836 declared in her presence that he wanted to live until Victoria's 18th birthday, so that a regency could be avoided.

Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa (1822–1855)

Prince Ferdinand of Savoy, 1st Duke of Genoa (Ferdinando Maria Alberto Amedeo Filiberto Vincenzo; 15 November 1822 – 10 February 1855) was the founder of the Genoa branch of the House of Savoy.

Father and Son (book)

Father and Son (1907) is a memoir by poet and critic Edmund Gosse, which he subtitled "a study of two temperaments."

John Manners, 2nd Duke of Rutland

Manners was the son of John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland and his third wife Catherine Wriothesley Noel, daughter of Baptist Noel, 3rd Viscount Campden.

Mithridates II of Commagene

Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites (, died 20 BC), also known as Mithridates II of Commagene, was a man of Armenian and Greek descent who lived in the 1st century BC. He was a prince of Commagene and one of the sons of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene and Queen Isias Philostorgos of Commagene. When his father died in 38 BC, he succeeded his father and reigned until his death.

Randall Munroe

Munroe worked as a contract programmer and roboticist for NASA at the Langley Research Center before and after his graduation. In October 2006 NASA did not renew his contract, and he moved to Boston to begin writing xkcd full-time.

Newton Edmunds

Newton Edmunds was born in Hartland, New York on May 31, 1819. In 1832, he moved with his family to Michigan. The Edmunds family was involved with politics, associating with the Free Soilers before affiliating with the Republican Party. Newton Edmunds' brother, C. E. Edmunds, was Commissioner of the United States Land Office. Newton Edmunds was appointed as chief clerk in the surveyor-general's office, resulting in Edmunds' arrival in Dakota Territory in 1861. On August 30, 1862, Edmunds was elected as eighth corporal of Company A of the Dakota Militia, following the Santee uprising.

Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk

Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, 6th Earl of Suffolk, (c. 147130 April 1513), Duke of Suffolk, was a son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk and his wife Elizabeth of York.

Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven PC (20 October 1660 – 26 July 1723), styled 17th Baron Willoughby de Eresby between 1666 and 1701 and known as 4th Earl of Lindsey between 1701 and 1706 and as 1st Marquess of Lindsey between 1706 and 1715, was a British statesman and nobleman.

Langley—Aldergrove

Langley—Aldergrove is a federal electoral district in British Columbia. It encompasses a portion of British Columbia previously included in the electoral districts of Langley and Abbotsford.

Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (2 April 1826 – 25 June 1914), was the penultimate Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, reigning from 1866 to 1914. For his support for his successful court theatre he was also known as the "Theaterherzog" (theatre duke).

Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter

Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter (27 June 1430 – September 1475) was a Lancastrian leader during the English Wars of the Roses. He was the only son of John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, and his first wife, Lady Anne Stafford. His maternal grandparents were Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford, and Anne of Gloucester.

Sadnalegs

Sadnalegs () or Tridé Songtsen (), was the youngest son of King Trisong Detsen of Tibet (reigned 800–815 CE – though various accounts give the beginning of his reign as 797 or 804 CE).

Zhang Xuanjing

Zhang Xuanjing was born in 350, during the reign of his father Zhang Chonghua (Duke Jinglie). His mother was likely Zhang Chonghua's concubine Lady Guo (as he honored her as princess dowager in 363, which he would have had little reason to do if she were not his mother). He had an older brother, Zhang Yaoling, who was his father's heir apparent.

List of shortest-reigning monarchs

Name Country Royal house / dynasty Reign began Reign ended Length Comments Prince Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, ``King Louis XIX ''Kingdom of France Bourbon 2 August 1830 2 August 1830 20 minutes Succeeded with the abdication of his father, Charles X, only to himself abdicate in favour of his nephew, Henry V (above). The question of whether Louis actually`` reigned'' is a philosophical one, as after his father signed the document of abdication, he contemplated his future for twenty minutes before himself signing. Many Legitimists did not recognise the abdications as valid, and recognised Charles X as king until his death in 1836, before recognising Louis as king until his own death in 1844.

Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster, etc. (1 March 1887 – 4 February 1922), was the eldest son of the 5th Duke of Leinster and his wife, the former Lady Hermione Wilhelmina Duncombe, a daughter of The 1st Earl of Feversham.

George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent

George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent (1454 – 25 December 1505) was the son of Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent and Lady Katherine Percy. He was the Second Earl of Kent from 1490 to 1505.

Nicholas II of Niemodlin

Nicholas II of Niemodlin (; – 27 June 1497), was a Duke of Opole-Brzeg-Strzelce-Niemodlin in 1476 (as co-ruler of his father) and sole Duke of Niemodlin from 1476 until his death.

Clapp/Langley/Crawford Complex

The Clapp/Langley/Crawford halls complex (often referred to as CLC), comprises three inter-connected buildings (Clapp, Langley, and Crawford Halls) and the Life Science Annex that house the Department of Biological Science and the Department of Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford

John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford (13 February 1686 20 February 1703) (sometimes called Charles Churchill) was a British nobleman. He was the heir apparent to the Dukedom of Marlborough as the only surviving son of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, an accomplished general, and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, a close friend of Queen Anne. Blandford died childless in 1703, and upon his father's death in 1722, the dukedom passed to his eldest sister, Lady Henrietta Godolphin (née Churchill).

Question: When did the reign of the father of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, begin?


Sjernarøy

Sjernarøy is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The island municipality existed from 1868 until its dissolution in 1965. The municipality was located in the Boknafjorden in the present-day municipality of Finnøy. The administrative centre of the municipality was located on the island of Kyrkjøy, where the Sjernarøy Church is located.

One-to-many (data model)

In systems analysis, a one - to - many relationship is a type of cardinality that refers to the relationship between two entities (see also entity -- relationship model) A and B in which an element of A may be linked to many elements of B, but a member of B is linked to only one element of A. For instance, think of A as mothers, and B as children. A mother can have several children, but a child can have only one biological mother.

United States House of Representatives

The Constitution does not provide for the representation of the District of Columbia or of territories. The District of Columbia and the territories of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands are each represented by one non-voting delegate. Puerto Rico elects a Resident Commissioner, but other than having a four - year term, the Resident Commissioner's role is identical to the delegates from the other territories. The five Delegates and Resident Commissioner may participate in debates; prior to 2011, they were also allowed to vote in committees and the Committee of the Whole when their votes would not be decisive.

Guam

The island of Guam is 30 miles (50 km) long and 4 to 12 miles (6 to 19 km) wide, 3⁄4 the size of Singapore. The island experiences occasional earthquakes due to its location on the western edge of the Pacific Plate and near the Philippine Sea Plate. In recent years, earthquakes with epicenters near Guam have had magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 8.7. Unlike the Anatahan volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam is not volcanically active. However, due to its proximity to Anatahan, vog (i.e. volcanic smog) does occasionally affect Guam.

Oblasts of the Soviet Union

The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union.

Tutayevsky District

Tutayevsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Tutayev (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 15,949 (2010 Census);

Loppa (island)

Loppa (Old Norse: "Loppa"), () is an island in Loppa Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The island lies in the Lopphavet Sea in the western part of the municipality, west of the island of Silda. The small island has one village area (called "Loppa") on the southeastern coast. This village used to be the administrative centre of Loppa and an important fishing village for the municipality, but all of the administration of the village was moved to Øksfjord on the mainland. Today, Loppa Church is still located in this village, but there are only a few residents remaining on the island. In 1983, a seabird reserve was established along the western cliffs.

Goodings Grove, Illinois

Goodings Grove was a census-designated place in northern Will County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,084 at the 2000 census. It ceased to exist as an entity upon the incorporation of the village of Homer Glen, Illinois in 2001.

Guam

After World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the office's popular election.:242 Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member.

51st state

Other less likely contenders are Guam and the United States Virgin Islands, both of which are unincorporated organized territories of the United States. Also, the Northern Mariana Islands and American Samoa, an unorganized, unincorporated territory, could both attempt to gain statehood. Some proposals call for the Virgin Islands to be admitted with Puerto Rico as one state (often known as the proposed "Commonwealth of Prusvi", for Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands, or as "Puerto Virgo"), and for the amalgamation of U.S. territories or former territories in the Pacific Ocean, in the manner of the "Greater Hawaii" concept of the 1960s. Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands would be admitted as one state, along with Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands (although these latter three entities are now separate sovereign nations, which have Compact of Free Association relationships with the United States). Such a state would have a population of 412,381 (slightly lower than Wyoming's population) and a land area of 911.82 square miles (2,361.6 km2) (slightly smaller than Rhode Island). American Samoa could possibly be part of such a state, increasing the population to 467,900 and the area to 988.65 square miles (2,560.6 km2). Radio Australia, in late May 2008, issued signs of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands becoming one again and becoming the 51st state.

Guam

Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the most populous city is Dededo. In 2015, 161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth. Guam has an area of 544 km2 (210 sq mi) and a density of 297/km² (770/sq mi). It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425/km² (3,691/sq mi), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km² (119/sq mi). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 meters (1,332 ft) above sea level.

Ekerö Municipality

Originally, when the first local government acts were implemented in Sweden in 1863, eight rural municipalities were created, each corresponding to an old parish. The municipal reform of 1952 grouped them in two new larger entities. The next reform in 1971 merged them into the present municipality.

Northern Islands Municipality

Northern Islands Municipality is one of the four main political divisions of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. It consists of a long string of the northernmost islands of the Northern Marianas, including (from north to south) Farallon de Pajaros, the Maug Islands, Asuncion, Agrihan, Pagan, Alamagan, Guguan, Zealandia Bank, Sarigan, Anatahan, and Farallon de Medinilla. The total land area of the islands, including offshore islets and rocks, is 154.755 km² (59.75 sq mi).

Australia

Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.

Federalism

Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.

Tobes

Tobes is one of eight parishes (administrative divisions) in Peñamellera Baja, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. It is located in the Picos de Europa National Park.

United States federal judicial district

For purposes of the federal judicial system, Congress has divided the United States into judicial districts. There are 94 federal judicial districts, including at least one district in each state, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Three territories of the United States -- the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands -- have district courts that hear federal cases, including bankruptcy cases. The breakdown of what is in each judicial district is at 28 U.S.C. § § 81 -- 131.

Guam

The Northern Mariana Islands had become a Japanese protectorate before the war. It was the Chamorros from the Northern Marianas who were brought to Guam to serve as interpreters and in other capacities for the occupying Japanese force. The Guamanian Chamorros were treated as an occupied enemy by the Japanese military. After the war, this would cause resentment between the Guamanian Chamorros and the Chamorros of the Northern Marianas. Guam's Chamorros believed their northern brethren should have been compassionate towards them, whereas having been occupied for over 30 years, the Northern Mariana Chamorros were loyal to Japan.

Geography of the United States

The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories.

Minsk Region

Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.

Question: What entity reported that Guam and the area that contains the Northern Islands Municipality became one again?


Estonia

Oskar Luts was the most prominent prose writer of the early Estonian literature, who is still widely read today, especially his lyrical school novel Kevade (Spring). Anton Hansen Tammsaare's social epic and psychological realist pentalogy Truth and Justice captured the evolution of Estonian society from a peasant community to an independent nation. In modern times, Jaan Kross and Jaan Kaplinski are Estonia's best known and most translated writers. Among the most popular writers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries are Tõnu Õnnepalu and Andrus Kivirähk, who uses elements of Estonian folklore and mythology, deforming them into absurd and grotesque.

Noriaki Kano

Noriaki Kano completed his undergraduate, masters, and doctoral degrees in the engineering school of the University of Tokyo. He retired from the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) after 35 years in research and education, as a lecturer and associate professor at the University of Electro-Communications and a full professor and head of the Department of Management Science at TUS.

Gauhar Jaan

Gauhar Jaan (born Angelina Yeoward, 26 June 1873 -- 17 January 1930) was an Indian singer and dancer from Calcutta. She was one of the first performers to record music on 78 rpm records in India, and released by Gramophone Company of India. Having recorded more than 600 records in more than ten languages between 1902 and 1920, Gauhar Jahan is credited with popularising Hindustani classical music such as thumri, dadra, kajri, tarana during the period.

Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro

Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro (Devnagari: जाने भी दो यारों, English: Just Let It Go, Friends) is a 1983 Hindi comedy film directed by Kundan Shah and produced by NFDC. It is a dark satire on the rampant corruption in Indian politics, bureaucracy, news media and business, and stars an ensemble cast including Naseeruddin Shah, Ravi Baswani, Om Puri, Pankaj Kapur, Satish Shah, Satish Kaushik, Bhakti Barve and Neena Gupta.

Tir na n'Og (album)

Tir na n'Og is the debut album of the Serbian Irish folk/Celtic rock band Tir na n'Og released in 2006.

Boyana Glacier

Boyana Glacier (Lednik Boyana \'led-nik bo-'ya-na\) in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica is situated southeast of Macy Glacier and west-southwest of Srebarna Glacier. It is bounded by Vazov Rock on the west, St. Naum Peak, Starosel Gate, Silistra Knoll and Kotel Gap on the north, and Christoff Cliff on the east. The glacier extends 3 km in east-west direction and 1.6 km in north-south direction, and flows southeastward into the Bransfield Strait between Vazov Point and Aytos Point.

Tupolev Tu-22M

The Tupolev Tu-22M (Russian: Туполев Ту-22М; NATO reporting name: Backfire) is a supersonic, variable-sweep wing, long-range strategic and maritime strike bomber developed by the Tupolev Design Bureau. According to some sources, the bomber was believed to be designated Tu-26 at one time. During the Cold War, the Tu-22M was operated by the Soviet Air Forces (VVS) in a missile carrier strategic bombing role, and by the Soviet Naval Aviation ("Aviacija Vojenno-Morskogo Flota", AVMF) in a long-range maritime anti-shipping role. Significant numbers remain in service with the Russian Air Force, and as of 2014 more than 100 Tu-22Ms are in use.

Shake Ya Ass

``Shake Ya Ass ''Single by Mystikal from the album Let's Get Ready B - side`` Shake It Fast'' Released July 18, 2000 (2000 - 07 - 18) Format Vinyl, CD Recorded Master Sound Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) Genre Hip hop Length 4: 20 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Michael Tyler, Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo Producer (s) The Neptunes Mystikal singles chronology ``Live or Die ''(1999)`` Shake Ya Ass'' (2000) ``Danger (Been So Long) ''(2000)`` Live or Die'' (1999) ``Shake Ya Ass ''(2000)`` Danger (Been So Long)'' (2000)

Jacobsen Valley

Jacobsen Valley (, ‘Dolina Jacobsen’ \do-li-'na 'ya-kob-sen\) is the shallow valley in Vinson Massif, Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, descending northwards from the summit of Antarctica Mount Vinson (4892 m). It is 3.5 km long and 1.2 km wide, and is bounded to the west by Branscomb Peak and Galicia Peak, and to the east by a minor ridge running between the east side of Mount Vinson to the south and Goodge Col to the north. Draining the valley is a glacier tributary to Branscomb Glacier, part of the classical route to the summit Mount Vinson.

Jaan Ki Baazi

Jaan Ki Baazi is a 1985 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Ajay Kashyap, starring Sanjay Dutt, Anita Raj, Anuradha Patel and Gulshan Grover in lead roles. The film was remade in Telugu as "Mr. Hero" with Dr. Rajasekhar. Film was box office hit.

Mukti Mohan

Mukti Mohan is a contemporary dancer from India. She participated in Star One's dance reality show "Zara Nachke Dikha". She was part of the winning team "Masakkali Girls". She also appeared in the comedy show "Comedy Circus Ka Jadoo" on Sony TV channel, with Kapil Sharma as her comedy partner, replacing Kavita. Recently she featured in Coke Studio season 4 video of the song "Teriyaan Tu Jaane", by Amit Trivedi. She has hosted the second season of Dil Hai Hindustani along with Raghav Juyal.She has also participated in the "Jhalak Dikhla Jaa" wild card entry. Mohan has also appeared in the films "Blood Brothers", "Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster", "Hate Story" and "Daruvu". Currently, she is appearing in a YouTube web series "Inmates" of the popular YouTube channel TVF. She also appears on "Nach Baliye 7". The Indian play back singer Neeti Mohan and dancer Shakti Mohan are her elder sisters.

Intuition Peak

Intuition Peak (Vrah Intuitsiya \'vr&h in-tu-'i-tsi-ya\) is a sharp Antarctic peak of elevation 780 m in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is surmounting Iskar Glacier to the east and Devnya Valley to the west. The peak was named in appreciation of the role of scientific intuition for the advancement of human knowledge.

Ben Graf Henneke

Ben Graf Henneke (May 20, 1914 – November 13, 2009) was the president of the University of Tulsa ("TU"), in Tulsa, Oklahoma,

Tupolev Tu-22

The Tupolev Tu-22 (NATO reporting name: Blinder) was the first supersonic bomber to enter production in the Soviet Union. Manufactured by Tupolev, the Tu-22 entered service with the Soviet military in the 1960s. The last examples were retired during the 1990s. Produced in comparatively small numbers, the aircraft was a disappointment, lacking the intercontinental range that had been expected. Later in their service life, Tu-22s were used as launch platforms for the Soviet Kh-22 standoff missile, and as reconnaissance aircraft. Tu-22s were sold to other nations, including Libya and Iraq. The Tu-22 was one of the few Soviet bombers to see combat; Libyan Tu-22s were used against Tanzania and Chad, and Iraqi Tu-22s were used during the Iran–Iraq War.

Grease: The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture

No. Title Writer (s) Vocals Length 12. ``Rock n 'Roll Is Here to Stay ''David White Sha - Na - Na 2: 03 13.`` Those Magic Changes'' Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey Sha - Na - Na 2: 18 14. ``Hound Dog ''Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller Sha - Na - Na 1: 24 15.`` Born to Hand Jive'' Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey Sha - Na - Na 4: 37 16. ``Tears on My Pillow ''Sylvester Bradford and Al Lewis Sha - Na - Na 2: 02 17.`` Mooning'' Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey Louis St. Louis and Cindy Bullens 2: 15

Jhootha Hi Sahi (soundtrack)

Jhootha Hi Sahi is the soundtrack to the 2010 Bollywood romantic comedy film of the same name, directed by Abbas Tyrewala starring John Abraham and Pakhi Tyrewala. The soundtrack, consisting of seven original tracks and two remix versions was composed by A. R. Rahman with lyrics penned by Abbas Tyrewala. The audio was officially released on 17 September by Sa Re Ga Ma at the Sa Re Ga Ma Pa competition. The album was very well received by the critics and was the chart topper for some weeks. The album has been praised by several reviewers as a newer genre in soundtracks.

Life in a... Metro

Track Name Lyrics Singer Band Metro Remixed by Alvida Amitabh Verma K.K. Alvida (Reprise) Amitabh Verma Fahruk Mahfuz Anam (James) Y Baatein Kuch Ankahein Si Sandeep Srivastava Adnan Sami Baatein Kuch Ankahein Si (Unplugged) Sandeep Srivastava Suhail Kaul Y Baatein Kuch Ankahein Si (Remix) Sandeep Srivastava Adnan Sami DJ A-Myth In Dino Sayeed Quadri Soham Chakraborty Y In Dino (Remix) Sayeed Quadri Soham Chakraborty Bunty Rajput Kar Salaam Sayeed Quadri Soham Chakraborty Pritam Chakraborty Suhail Kaul Y O Meri Jaan Sandeep Srivastava K.K. O Meri Jaan (Reprise) Sandeep Srivastava Suhail Kaul & K.K. Y Rishtey Sayeed Quadri Fahruk Mahfuz Anam (James) Y Rishtey (Remix) Sayeed Quadri Fahruk Mahfuz Anam (James) DJ Nikhil Chinappa DJ Naved

Na Na Na (Dulce Niña)

"Na Na Na (Dulce Niña) (Remix)", also known as "Mi Dulce Niña (Remix)", is a song by Mexican-American cumbia group A.B. Quintanilla y Los Kumbia Kings. The remix was released in 2005. It has Pee Wee singing with other Kumbia Kings members Abel Talamántez and Megga. A music video was recorded as well. Although the remix for "Na Na Na (Dulce Niña)" is a single for the album "Fuego" it is not part of the album.

Minister of Trade and Industry (South Africa)

South Africa Minister of Trade and Industry List (show) 10 other official names: Minister van Handel en Nywerheid (Afrikaans) uNgqongqotjhe wezeRhwebo namaBubulo (Southern Ndebele) UMphathiswa lezoRhwebo noShishino (Xhosa) Indvuna Wezohwebo Nezimboni (Zulu) Indvuna Letekuhwebelana Netetimboni (Swati) Tona ya Bogwebi le Bohlagiši (Northern Sotho) Letona la Kgwebisano le Indasteri (Sotho) Tona la Kgwebisano le Madirelo (Tswana) Holobye wa Mbambadzo na Nḓowetshumo (Tsonga) Minisiṱa ya Mabindzu na Vumaki (Venda) Flag of South Africa Incumbent Rob Davies since 11 May 2009 Department of Trade and Industry Style The Honourable Appointer Jacob Zuma Inaugural holder Frederick Robert Moore Formation 31 May 1910 Deputy Gratitude Magwanishe Website Department of Trade and Industry

Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na

Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na (translation: "Whether you know... or not") is a 2008 Indian coming of age romantic comedy film, written and directed by Abbas Tyrewala. The film stars Imran Khan and Genelia D'Souza in pivotal roles. Produced by Mansoor Khan, Aamir Khan, it marks the directional debut of Abbas Tyrewala, the debut of Imran Khan (Aamir Khan's nephew) and Prateik Babbar as actors, and the re-appearance of D'Souza in Hindi cinema. Released on 4 July 2008, the film received positive reviews and was successful at the box office. The music is by A. R. Rahman.

Question: Who is the spouse of Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na's screenwriter?


Really Big!

Really Big! is the second album by saxophonist Jimmy Heath featuring big band performances recorded in 1960 and originally released on the Riverside label.

2 Horns / 2 Rhythm

2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.

Platinum Game

Platinum Game is the second studio album by American rapper CJ Mac, released August 31, 1999 by Hoo-Bangin' Records and distributed by Priority Records. The album features production by Ant Banks, Battlecat, Crazy Toones and Johnny "J". It peaked at number 77 on the "Billboard" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and at number 42 on the "Billboard" Top Heatseekers. The album features guest appearances by WC, Mack 10, Too Short, TQ, Finale and Fat Joe.

Top and Bottom Brass

Top and Bottom Brass is an album by trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in early 1959 and originally released on the Riverside label.

Foolin' Myself

Foolin' Myself is an album of trio performances by the American jazz pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1988 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.

It's What's Happenin'

It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, "The Happy Horns of Clark Terry".

The Voice That Is!

The Voice That Is! is an album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.

Matador (Kenny Dorham album)

Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label.

Arctic Moon

Arctic Moon later became synonymous with labels such as Armada Music and Aly & Fila’s Future Sound of Egypt Recordings internet radio show. He released singles "True Romance" and "Adelaide" on the latter label. The tracks peaked on download charts and gained large support from other DJs.

Bach to the Blues

Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.

Waterfalls (album)

Waterfalls is a live album by American saxophonist and composer John Klemmer featuring studio enhanced live performances recorded in Los Angeles for the Impulse! label.

Jamal Plays Jamal

Jamal Plays Jamal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label.

Kelly at Midnight

Kelly at Midnight is an album by jazz pianist Wynton Kelly released on the Vee-Jay label featuring performances by Kelly with Paul Chambers, and Philly Joe Jones recorded in 1960.

Straight No Filter

Straight No Filter is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley, recorded mostly in 1963 but not released on the Blue Note label until 1985. The albums compiles performances recorded at four different sessions from 1963 to 1966.

Soundsigns

Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label.

Grant's First Stand

Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as "First Session" in 2001.

Easterly Winds

Easterly Winds is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.

Tullycraft

Tullycraft is an American indie pop band from Seattle, Washington, United States, who formed in 1995. They have been associated with the genre of twee pop; in fact, they are considered to be one of the true pioneers of the American twee pop movement. They are known for their DIY ethic, only releasing albums on independently owned and operated record labels.

True Game

True Game is the debut album by American rapper CJ Mac & producer Mad. It was released May 23, 1995 on Rap-A-Lot Records. The album was produced by CJ Mac & Mad and mixed and engineered by Mike Dean and James Hoover. It peaked at number 41 on the "Billboard" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums

Thinking of Home

Thinking of Home is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley recorded on July 31, 1970 but not released by the Blue Note label until 1980. It features performances by Mobley with Woody Shaw, Cedar Walton, Eddie Diehl, Mickey Bass, and Leroy Williams and was Mobley's final recordings for Blue Note, and his 26th album on the label.

Question: What is the record label of True Game's performer?


Zoe Saldana

Zoe Saldana - Perego (born Zoe Yadira Saldaña Nazario, June 19, 1978), known professionally as Zoe Saldana or Zoë Saldana, is an American actress and dancer. Following her performances with the theater group Faces, Saldana made her screen debut in an episode of Law & Order (1999). Her film career began a year later with Center Stage (2000), where she played a struggling ballet dancer, followed by a role in Crossroads (2002). Saldana's breakthrough came in 2009 with the roles of Nyota Uhura in Star Trek and Neytiri in James Cameron's Avatar (2009). The latter film received widespread acclaim, and is the highest - grossing film of all time. Saldana continued her career with films such as Colombiana (2011), Out of the Furnace (2013), Star Trek Beyond (2016) and Live by Night (2016). Since 2014, she has portrayed Gamora in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with Guardians of the Galaxy.

Wyatt Oleff

Wyatt Jess Oleff (born July 13, 2003) is an American actor who played Stanley Uris in the 2017 supernatural horror film It, directed by Andy Muschietti and based on the 1986 horror novel of the same name by Stephen King. He also had a minor role in the Marvel Studios films Guardians of the Galaxy and Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 2, as the young Peter Quill; both films were directed by James Gunn.

Laura Haddock

Laura Jane Haddock (born 21 August 1985) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying Kacie Carter in Honest, Lucrezia in Da Vinci's Demons, Meredith Quill in Guardians of the Galaxy and its sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Alison in The Inbetweeners Movie and Viviane Wembly in Transformers: The Last Knight.

Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

Guardians of the Galaxy (retroactively referred to as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 1) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the tenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film was directed by James Gunn, who wrote the screenplay with Nicole Perlman, and features an ensemble cast including Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Lee Pace, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Djimon Hounsou, John C. Reilly, Glenn Close, and Benicio del Toro. In Guardians of the Galaxy, Peter Quill forms an uneasy alliance with a group of extraterrestrial misfits who are fleeing after stealing a powerful artifact.

Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

The film premiered in Hollywood on July 21, 2014. It was released in theaters on August 1, 2014 in the United States in the 3D and IMAX 3D formats. The film became a critical and commercial success, grossing $773.3 million worldwide and becoming the highest - grossing superhero film of 2014, as well as the third highest - grossing film of 2014. The film garnered praise for its humor, action, soundtrack, visual effects, direction, musical score, and acting. A sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, was released on May 5, 2017, with a third film, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, scheduled to be released in 2020.

Karen Gillan

Karen Sheila Gillan (born 28 November 1987) is a Scottish actress, director, and screenwriter. She is known for the role of Amy Pond, companion to the Eleventh Doctor, in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who (2010 -- 13). In film, she has starred as Jane Lockhart in Not Another Happy Ending (2013), Kaylie Russell in the horror film Oculus (2013), and Nebula in the Marvel film Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and its sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017). She took part in the upcoming films Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and its untitled sequel (2019). In 2017, she wrote and directed her first feature film, The Party's Just Beginning.

Rocket Raccoon

Rocket Raccoon appeared as a prominent member in the 2008 relaunch of the superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy. The character has appeared in several media adaptations as a member of that team, including animated television series, toys, and video games. He appears in the 2014 live - action film Guardians of the Galaxy and its 2017 sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, with his voice provided by Bradley Cooper and motion capture provided by Sean Gunn. He will return in the upcoming film Avengers: Infinity War.

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 premiered in Tokyo on April 10, 2017 and was released in the United States on May 5, 2017, in 3D and IMAX 3D. It has grossed $862 million worldwide, making it the fourth highest - grossing film of 2017, while also outgrossing its predecessor which had grossed $773 million. The film received generally positive reviews, particularly for its visuals, soundtrack and cast, though critics deemed it not as ``fresh ''as the original. A sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, is being developed, with Gunn returning to write and direct.

Vance Astro

Astro first appeared in January 1969 as a founding member of the Guardians of the Galaxy in the partial reprint title Marvel Super-Heroes with issue # 18.

Thanos

Josh Brolin appears as Thanos in the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy. He tries to use Ronan the Accuser to obtain an Infinity Stone. The film also introduces him as the adoptive father of Gamora and Nebula. Sean Gunn stood in for Thanos on set, while Brolin provided the performance capture of the character. Thanos was originally going to have a larger role in Guardians of the Galaxy, but Joss Whedon felt that the character needed to be threaded more gently.

Thanos

In Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) Thanos tries to use Ronan the Accuser to obtain an Infinity Stone. The film also introduces him as the adoptive father of Gamora and Nebula. Sean Gunn stood in for Thanos on set. Josh Brolin provided the performance capture for Thanos. Thanos was originally going to have a larger role in Guardians of the Galaxy, but Joss Whedon felt that the character needed to be threaded more gently.

Pom Klementieff

Pom Klementieff is a French actress. She was trained at the Cours Florent drama school in Paris and has appeared in such films as Loup (2009), Sleepless Night (2011) and Hacker's Game (2015). She plays the role of Mantis in the film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017) and will appear in the same role in the film Avengers: Infinity War (2018).

Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

When Quill attempts to sell the orb on Xandar, capital of the Nova Empire, Gamora ambushes him and steals it. A fight ensues, drawing in a pair of bounty hunters: the genetically and cybernetically modified raccoon Rocket, and the tree - like humanoid Groot. Nova Corps officers capture the four, detaining them in the Kyln. A powerful inmate there, Drax, attempts to kill Gamora due to her association with Ronan, who killed his family. Quill convinces Drax that Gamora can bring Ronan to him, though Gamora reveals that she has betrayed Ronan, unwilling to let him use the orb's power. Learning that Gamora has a buyer for the orb, Quill, Rocket, Groot, and Drax work with her to escape the Kyln in Quill's ship, the Milano.

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 was released on digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on August 8, 2017, and on Blu - ray, Blu - ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu - ray and DVD on August 22, 2017. The Ultra HD Blu - ray version is the first Disney home media release in 4K resolution. The digital and Blu - ray releases include behind - the - scenes featurettes; audio commentary; deleted scenes; a blooper reel; and a music video for the song ``Guardians Inferno ''. The digital release also exclusively features the breakdown of three scenes, from their initial ideas to their completed versions, and a behind - the - scenes look at the Disney California Adventure ride Guardians of the Galaxy -- Mission: Breakout! The 1970s - style music video for`` Guardians Inferno'' was directed by David Yarovesky, and features Hasselhoff alongside James Gunn, Pratt, Saldana, Bautista, Klementieff, Gillan, Rooker and Sean Gunn. Stan Lee and Guillermo Rodriguez also make cameo appearances in the video.

Groot

The character was reintroduced as a heroic, noble being in 2006, and appeared in the crossover comic book storyline ``Annihilation: Conquest ''. Groot went on to star in its spin - off series, Guardians of the Galaxy, joining the team of the same name. Groot has been featured in a variety of associated Marvel merchandise, including animated television series, toys and trading cards. Vin Diesel voices Groot in the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy, its 2017 sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 and reprised the role in the 2018 film Avengers: Infinity War while Krystian Godlewski played the character via performance capture in the first film. Since his film premiere and animated series debut, Groot has become a pop culture icon, with his repeated line`` I am Groot'' becoming an internet meme.

Drax the Destroyer

Dave Bautista plays Drax in the live - action 2014 Marvel Studios film Guardians of the Galaxy. In the film, Drax is an alien whose wife and daughter were slaughtered by Ronan the Accuser, on the instructions of Thanos, for which Drax vows revenge. He first meets the other Guardians of the Galaxy in prison, including Gamora, whom he holds responsible for his family's deaths because she is a daughter of Thanos. She tells him that she was raised by Thanos only after he slaughtered her own family, and bears no loyalty to him, and the two join Peter Quill in escaping prison in order to confront Ronan, whom they eventually kill. A recurring gag throughout the film is Drax's inability to understand metaphors because Drax's species is, according to Rocket, completely literal. Bautista reprises his role as Drax in its 2017 sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, and has reprised the role in Avengers: Infinity War (2018).

Guardians of the Galaxy (soundtrack)

Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the Marvel Studios film Guardians of the Galaxy. Featuring the songs present on Peter Quill's mixtape in the film, the album was released by Hollywood Records on July 29, 2014. A separate film score album, Guardians of the Galaxy (Original Score), composed by Tyler Bates, was also released by Hollywood Records on the same date, along with a deluxe version featuring both albums. The soundtrack album reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, becoming the first soundtrack album in history consisting entirely of previously released songs to top the chart.

Karen Gillan

Karen Gillan (born 28 November 1987) is a Scottish actress, director, screenwriter and model. She played the role of Amy Pond, companion to the Eleventh Doctor, in the BBC One science fiction series Doctor Who (2010 -- 2013). She has received wide recognition for portraying Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and its untitled sequel (2019), and also played Ruby Roundhouse in the box - office hit Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017).

Karen Gillan

Karen Gillan (born 28 November 1987) is a Scottish actress, director, and screenwriter from Inverness, Scotland. She played the role of Amy Pond, companion to the Eleventh Doctor, in the BBC One science fiction series Doctor Who (2010 -- 2013). In film, she portrayed Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), the upcoming Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and its untitled sequel (2019), and also played Ruby Roundhouse in the box - office hit Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017).

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 premiered in Tokyo on April 10, 2017 and was released in the United States on May 5, 2017, in 3D and IMAX 3D. It has grossed $863 million worldwide, making it the fifth highest - grossing film of 2017, while also outgrossing its predecessor which had grossed $773 million. The film received generally positive reviews, particularly for its visuals, soundtrack and cast, though critics deemed it not as ``fresh ''as the original. A sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, is being developed, with Gunn returning to write and direct, and is scheduled to be released in 2020.

Question: Who played the villain in Guardians of the Galaxy?