proper notation of pie phonemes people here are confused between how phonemes are represented in attested languages versus protolanguages while it's true that for example a proto sound like p is a phoneme and that it may be represented as p when pronounced as such it's not true that these symbols are simply interchangeable with ipa notation the phoneme h cannot be represented in ipa notation as h whatsoever because h is not a valid ipa symbol depending on the theories of the ieist in question regarding the pronunciation of h however the sound may be represented as some universally recognized ipa symbol such as x for example a velar fricative mixing up these notations belies vast ignorance of the topic less editing more reading