822 Glossary of Technical Terms
gender The public (and usually legally recogniz ed) lived role as boy or girl, man or
woman. Biological factors are seen as contri buting in interaction with social and psy-
chological factors to gender development.
gender assignment The initial assignment as male or female, which usually occurs at
birth and is subseque ntly referred to as  the “natal gender.”
gender dysphoria Distress that accompanies the incongruence between one’s experi-
enced and expressed gender and one’s assigned or natal gender.
gender experience The unique and personal ways in which individuals experience their
gender in the context of the gender roles provided by their societies.
gender expression The specific ways in which indivi duals enact gender roles provided
in their societies.
gender identity A category of social identity that refers to an individual’s identification
as male, female or, occasionally, some category other than male or female.
gender reassignment A change of gender that can be  either medical (hormones, sur-
gery) or legal (government reco gnition), or both. In case of  medical interventions, often
referred to as sex reassignment.
geometric hallucination See HALLUCINATION .
grandiosity Believing that one is superi or to others and deserves special treatment; self-
centeredness; feelings of entitlement; co ndescension toward others. Grandiosity is a
facet of the broad personality trait domain ANTAGONISM .
grimace (grimacing) Odd and inappropriate facial expressions unrelated to situation
(as seen in individuals with CATATONIA ).
hallucination A perception-like experience with the clarity and impact of a true percep-
tion but without the external stimulation of  the relevant sensory organ. Hallucinations
should be distinguished from ILLUSIONS , in which an actual external stimulus is


should be distinguished from ILLUSIONS , in which an actual external stimulus is
misperceived or misinterpreted. The person may or may not have insight into the non-
veridical nature of the hallucination. One hallucinating person may recognize the false
sensory experience, whereas another may be convinced that the ex perience is grounded
in reality. The term hallucination  is not ordinarily applied to the false perceptions that
occur during dreaming, while falling asleep ( hypnagogic ), or upon awakening ( hypno-
pompic ). Transient hallucinatory experiences may occur without a mental disorder.
auditory A hallucination involving the perception of sound, most commonly of
voice.
geometric Visual hallucinations involving geometric shapes such as tunnels and
funnels, spirals, la ttices, or cobwebs.
gustatory A hallucination involving the percepti on of taste (usually unpleasant).
mood-congruent See MOOD -CONGRUENT  PSYCHOTIC  FEATURES .
mood-incongruent See MOOD -INCONGRUENT  PSYCHOTIC  FEATURES .
olfactory A hallucination involving the perception of odor, such as of burning rub-
ber or decaying fish.
somatic A hallucination involving the perception of physical experience localized
within the body (e.g., a feeling of electric ity). A somatic hallucination is to be dis-
tinguished from physical sensations arisin g from an as-yet-u ndiagnosed general
medical condition, from hypochondriacal preoccupation with normal physical
sensations, or from a tactile hallucination.
tactile A hallucination involving the perception  of being touched or of something
being under one’s skin. The most common tactile hallucinations are the sensation


Glossary of Technical Terms 823
of electric shocks and formication (the sensation of somethin g creeping or crawl-
ing on or under the skin).
visual A hallucination involving sight, which may consist of formed images, such as of
people, or of unformed images, such as fl ashes of light. Visual hallucinations should
be distinguished from ILLUSIONS , which are misperceptions of real external stimuli.
hostility Persistent or frequent  angry feelings; anger or irri tability in response to minor
slights and insults; mean, nasty, or vengeful  behavior. Hostility is a facet of the broad
personality trait domain ANTAGONISM .
hyperacusis Increased auditory perception.
hyperorality A condition in which inappropriate objects are placed in the mouth.
hypersexuality A stronger than usual urge to have sexual activity.
hypersomnia Excessive sleepiness, as evidenced by  prolonged nocturnal sleep, difficul-
ty maintaining an alert awake state during  the day, or undesired daytime sleep epi-
sodes. See also SOMNOLENCE .
hypervigilance An enhanced state of sensory sensit ivity accompanied by an exaggerated
intensity of behaviors whose purpose is to dete ct threats. Hypervigilance is also accompa-
nied by a state of increased anxiety which can cause exhaustion. Other symptoms include
abnormally increased arousal, a high responsiveness to stimuli, and a continual scanning
of the environment for threats. In hypervigilan ce, there is a perpetual scanning of the envi-
ronment to search for sights, sounds, people, beha viors, smells, or anything else that is rem-
iniscent of threat or trauma. The individual is placed on high alert in order to be certain


iniscent of threat or trauma. The individual is placed on high alert in order to be certain
danger is not near. Hypervigil ance can lead to a variety of  obsessive behavior patterns, as
well as producing difficulties with social interaction and relationships.
hypomania An abnormality of mood resembling mania but of lesser intensity. See also
MANIA .
hypopnea Episodes of overly shallow breathing or  an abnormally low respiratory rate.
ideas of reference The feeling that causal incidents and external events have a particu-
lar and unusual meaning that is specific to th e person. An idea of reference is to be dis-
tinguished from a DELUSION  OF REFERENCE , in which there is a belief that is held with
delusional conviction.
identity Experience of oneself as unique, with cl ear boundaries betwee n self and others;
stability of self-esteem and accu racy of self-appraisal; capaci ty for, and ability to regu-
late, a range of emotional experience.
illusion A misperception or misinterpr etation of a real external stimulus, such as hear-
ing the rustling of leaves as the sound of voices. See also  HALLUCINATION .
impulsivity Acting on the spur of the moment in response to immediate stimuli; acting
on a momentary basis without a plan or consid eration of outcomes; difficulty establish-
ing and following plans; a sense of urgenc y and self-harming behavior under emotion-
al distress. Impulsivity is a facet of the broad personality trait domain D ISINHIBITION .
incoherence Speech or thinking that is essentially incomprehensible to others because
word or phrases are joined together without a logical or  meaningful connection. This
disturbance occurs within clauses, in contrast to dera ilment, in which the disturbance


disturbance occurs within clauses, in contrast to dera ilment, in which the disturbance
is between  clauses. This has sometimes been refe rred to a “word salad” to convey the
degree of linguistic disorgan ization. Mildly ungrammatica l constructions or idiomatic
usages characteristic of a particular region al or cultural backgrounds, lack of educa-
tion, or low intelligence should not be co nsidered incoherence. The term is generally
not applied when there is evidence that the disturbance in speech is due to an aphasia.
insomnia A subjective complaint of difficulty falling or staying asleep or poor sleep quality.


824 Glossary of Technical Terms
intersex condition A condition in which individuals have conflicting or ambiguous bi-
ological indicators of sex.
intimacy Depth and duration of connection with others; desire and capacity for close-
ness; mutuality of regard reflected in interpersonal behavior.
intimacy avoidance Avoidance of close or romantic relationships, interpersonal attach-
ments, and intimate sexual relationships. Intimacy avoidance is a facet of the broad
personality trait domain D ETACHMENT .
irresponsibility Disregard for—and failure to honor— financial and other obligations or
commitments; lack of respect for—and lack of follow-through on—agreements and
promises; carelessness with others’ property. Irresponsibility is a facet of the broad per-
sonality trait domain D ISINHIBITION .
language pragmatics The understanding and use of language in a given context. For
example, the warning “Watch your hands” when issued to a child who is dirty is in-
tended not only to prompt the child to look at his or her hands bu t also to communicate
the admonition “Don’t get anything dirty.”
lethargy A state of decreased mental activity, characterized by sluggishness, drowsi-
ness, inactivity, and reduced alertness.
macropsia The visual perception that objects are larger than they actually are. Compare
with MICROPSIA .
magical thinking The erroneous belief that one’s thoug hts, words, or actions will cause
or prevent a specific outcome in some way that defies commonly understood laws of
cause and effect. Magical thinking may be  a part of normal child development.
mania A mental state of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and persistently in-
creased level of activity or energy. See also  HYPOMANIA .


creased level of activity or energy. See also  HYPOMANIA .
manipulativeness Use of subterfuge to influence or  control others; use of seduction,
charm, glibness, or in gratiation to achieve one’s ends. Manipulativeness is a facet of the
broad personality trait domain ANTAGONISM .
mannerism A peculiar and characteristic individual style of movement, action, thought,
or speech.
melancholia (melancholic) A mental state characterized by very severe depression.
micropsia The visual perception that objects are smaller than they actually are. Com-
pare with MACROPSIA .
mixed symptoms The specifier “with mixed features” is applied to mood  episodes during
which subthreshold symptoms from the oppo sing pole are present. Whereas these con-
current “mixed” symptoms are relatively simultaneous, they may also occur closely
juxtaposed in time as a waxing and waning  of individual symptoms of the opposite
pole (i.e., depressive symptoms during hypo manic or manic episodes, and vice versa).
mood A pervasive and sustained em otion that colors the perception of the world. Com-
mon examples of mood include depression, el ation, anger, and anxiety. In contrast to
affect,  which refers to more fluctuating change s in emotional “weather,” mood refers to
a pervasive and sustained emotional “climate.” Types of mood include
dysphoric An unpleasant mood, such as sad ness, anxiety, or irritability.
elevated An exaggerated feeling of well-being,  or euphoria or elation. A person
with elevated mood may desc ribe feeling “high,” “ecstati c,” “on top of the world,”
or “up in the clouds.”


or “up in the clouds.”
euthymic Mood in the “normal” range, which implies the absence of depressed or
elevated mood.


Glossary of Technical Terms 825
expansive Lack of restraint in expressing one’s feelings, frequently with an over-
valuation of one’s significance or importance.
irritable Easily annoyed and provoked to anger.
mood-congruent psychotic features Delusions or hallucinations whose content is en-
tirely consistent with the typi cal themes of a depressed or manic mood. If the mood is
depressed, the content of the delusions or hallucinations would involve themes of per-
sonal inadequacy, guilt, disease, death, ni hilism, or deserved punishment. The content
of the delusion may include themes of persec ution if these are based on self-derogatory
concepts such as deserved puni shment. If the mood is manic,  the content of the delusions
or hallucinations would involve themes of in flated worth, power, knowledge, or iden-
tity, or a special relationship to a deity or a famous person. The content of the delusion
may include themes of persecution if thes e are based on concepts such as inflated
worth or deserved punishment.
mood-incongruent psychotic features Delusions or hallucinations whose content is not
consistent with the typical themes of a depr essed or manic mood. In the case of depres-
sion, the delusions or hallucinations would not involve themes of personal inadequacy,
guilt, disease, death, nihilism,  or deserved punishment. In the case of mania, the delu-
sions or hallucinations would not involve themes of inflated worth, power, knowledge,
or identity, or a special relationsh ip to a deity or a famous person.
multiple sleep latency test Polysomnographic assessment of the sleep-onset period,
with several short sleep-wake cycles assessed during a single session. The test repeat-


with several short sleep-wake cycles assessed during a single session. The test repeat-
edly measures the time to daytime sleep on set (“sleep latency”) and occurrence of and
time to onset of the rapid eye movement sleep phase.
mutism No, or very little, verbal response  (in the absence of known aphasia).
narcolepsy Sleep disorder characterized by period s of extreme drowsi ness and frequent
daytime lapses into sleep (sleep attacks). Th ese must have been occurring at least three
times per week over the last 3 mont hs (in the absence of treatment).
negative affectivity Frequent and intense experiences of  high levels of a wide range of
negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, depressio n, guilt/shame, worry, anger), and their be-
havioral (e.g., self-harm) and interpersonal (e.g., depe ndency) manifestations. Nega-
tive Affectivity is one of the five pathological PERSONALITY  TRAIT  DOMAINS  defined in
Section III “Alternative DSM-5 Mo del for Personality Disorders.”
negativism Opposition to suggestion or advice; be havior opposite to that appropriate to
a specific situation or against the wishes of others, including direct resistance to efforts
to be moved.
night eating syndrome Recurrent episodes of night eating, as manifested by eating after
awakening from sleep or ex cessive food consumption afte r the evening meal. There is
awareness and recall of the eating. The night eating is not better accounted for by ex-
ternal influences such as changes in the in dividual’s sleep-wake cycle or by local social
norms.
nightmare disorder Repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-
remembered dreams that usually involve effo rts to avoid threats to survival, security


remembered dreams that usually involve effo rts to avoid threats to survival, security
or physical integrity and that generally occu r during the second half of the major sleep
episode. On awakening from the dysphoric dreams, the individual rapidly becomes
oriented and alert.
nonsubstance addiction(s) Behavioral disorder (also called behavioral addiction) not re-
lated to any substance of abuse that shar es some features with substance-induced
addiction.


826 Glossary of Technical Terms
obsession Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges,  or images that are experienced, at
some time during the disturbance, as intru sive and unwanted and that in most individ-
uals cause marked anxiety or distress. The individual attempts to  ignore or suppress
such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or ac-
tion (i.e., by performing a compulsion).
overeating Eating too much food too quickly.
overvalued idea An unreasonable and sustained belief that is maintained with less than
delusional intensity (i.e., the person is able to acknowledge the possibility that the be-
lief may not be true). The belief is not one th at is ordinarily accept ed by other members
of the person’s culture or subculture.
panic attacks Discrete periods of sudden onset of in tense fear or terror, often associated
with feelings of impending doom. During these attacks there are symptoms such as
shortness of breath or smothering sensations; palpitations, pounding heart, or acceler-
ated heart rate; chest pain or  discomfort; choking; and fear of going crazy or losing con-
trol. Panic attacks may be unexpected, in wh ich the onset of the attack is not associated
with an obvious trigger and instead occurs “ out of the blue,” or expected, in which the
panic attack is associated with an obvious trigger, either internal or external.
paranoid ideation Ideation, of less than delusional proportions, involving suspicious-
ness or the belief that one is being hara ssed, persecuted, or  unfairly treated.
parasomnias Disorders of sleep involv ing abnormal behaviors or physiological events
occurring during sleep or sleep-wake transitions. Compare with DYSSOMNIAS .


occurring during sleep or sleep-wake transitions. Compare with DYSSOMNIAS .
perseveration Persistence at tasks or in particular way of doing things long after the be-
havior has ceased to be functional or effe ctive; continuance of the same behavior de-
spite repeated failures or clear reasons fo r stopping. Perseveration is a facet of the
broad personality trait domain N EGATIVE  AFFECTIVITY .
personality Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the envi-
ronment and oneself. P ERSONALITY  TRAITS  are prominent aspects of personality that are
exhibited in relatively consist ent ways across time and across situations. Personality
traits influence self and interpersonal func tioning. Depending on their severity, im-
pairments in personality functioning and personality trait expression may reflect the
presence of a personality disorder.
personality disord er—trait specified In Section III “Alternative DSM-5 Model for Per-
sonality Disorders,” a proposed diagnostic category for use when a personality disor-
der is considered present but the criteria for a specific disorder ar e not met. Personality
disorder—trait specified (PD-TS) is defined by significant impairment in personality
functioning, as measured by the Level of Personality Functioning Scale and one or
more pathological PERSONALITY  TRAIT  DOMAINS  or PERSONALITY  TRAIT  FACETS . PD-TS is
proposed in DSM-5 Section III for further st udy as a possible future replacement for
other specified personality disorder and unspecified personality disorder.
personality functioning Cognitive models of self and othe rs that shape patterns of emo-
tional and affiliative engagement.
personality trait A tendency to behave, feel, perceive , and think in relatively consistent
ways across time and across situations in which the trait may be manifest.


ways across time and across situations in which the trait may be manifest.
personality trait facets Specific personality components that make up the five broad per-
sonality trait domains in the dimensional ta xonomy of Section II I “Alternative DSM-5
Model for Personality Disorders.” For exampl e, the broad domain antagonism has the
following component facets: MANIPULATIVENESS , DECEITFULNESS , GRANDIOSITY , ATTEN -
TION  SEEKING , CALLOUSNESS , and HOSTILITY .


Glossary of Technical Terms 827
personality trait domains In the dimensional taxonomy of Section III “Alternative DSM-
5 Model for Personality Disorders,” personalit y traits are organized into five broad do-
mains: N EGATIVE  AFFECTIVITY , DETACHMENT , ANTAGONISM , DISINHIBITION , and P SY-
CHOTICISM . Within these five broad trait domains are 25 specific personality trait facets
(e.g., IMPULSIVITY , RIGID  PERFECTIONISM ).
phobia A persistent fear of a specific object, ac tivity, or situation (i.e., the phobic stimu-
lus) out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation that
results in a compelling desire to avoid it. If  it cannot be avoided, the phobic stimulus is
endured with marked distress.
pica Persistent eating of nonnutritive nonfood substances over a period of at least 1 month.
The eating of nonnutritive nonfood substances is inapprop riate to the developmental
level of the individual (a minimum age of 2 years is suggested fo r diagnosis). The eat-
ing behavior is not part of a culturally supported or socially  normative practice.
polysomnography Polysomnography (PSG), also known as a sleep study, is a multipa-
rametric test used in the study of sleep and as a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine. The
test result is called a polysomnogram,  also abbreviated PSG. PSG monitors many body
functions, including brain (electroencepha lography), eye movements (electro-oculog-
raphy), muscle activity or skeletal muscle  activation (electromyography), and heart
rhythm (electrocardiography).


rhythm (electrocardiography).
posturing Spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity (as seen in
CATATONIA ). Abnormal posturing may also be a si gn of certain injuries to the brain or
spinal cord, including the following:
decerebrate posture The arms and legs are out straight and rigid, the toes point
downward, and the head is arched backward.
decorticate posture The body is rigid, the arms are stiff and bent, the fists are tight,
and the legs are straight out.
opisthotonus The back is rigid and arching, and the head is thrown backward.
An affected person may alternate between different postures as the condition changes.
pressured speech Speech that is increased in amount, a ccelerated, and difficult or impossi-
ble to interrupt. Usually it is also loud an d emphatic. Frequently th e person talks without
any social stimulation and may continue to talk even though no one is listening.
prodrome An early or premonitory sign or symptom of a disorder.
pseudocyesis A false belief of being pregnant that is associated with objective signs and
reported symptoms of pregnancy.
psychological distress A range of symptoms and experien ces of a person’s internal life
that are commonly held to be troubling, confusing, or out of the ordinary.
psychometric measures Standardized instruments such as scales, questionnaires, tests,
and assessments that are designed to measu re human knowledge, abilities, attitudes,
or personality traits.
psychomotor agitation Excessive motor activity associated with a feeling of inner tension.
The activity is usually nonproductive and repetitious and consists of behaviors such as pac-
ing, fidgeting, wringing of the hands, pu lling of clothes, and inability to sit still.


psychomotor retardation Visible generalized slowing of movements and speech.
psychotic features Features characterized by delusions,  hallucinations, and formal thought
disorder.
psychoticism Exhibiting a wide range of culturally  incongruent odd, eccentric, or un-
usual behaviors and cognitions, including both  process (e.g., perception, dissociation)


828 Glossary of Technical Terms
and content (e.g., beliefs). Psychoticism is one of the five broad PERSONALITY  TRAIT  DO-
MAINS  defined in Section III “Alternative DSM-5 Model for Pers onality Disorders.”
purging disorder Eating disorder characterized by re current purging behavior to influ-
ence weight or shape, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or
other medications, in the absence of binge eating.
racing thoughts A state in which the mind uncontrollably brings up random thoughts
and memories and switches between them ve ry quickly. Sometimes the thoughts are
related, with one thought leading to anothe r; other times they are completely random.
A person experiencing an episode of racing thoughts has no cont rol over them and is
unable to focus on a single topic or to sleep.
rapid cycling Term referring to bipolar disorder char acterized by the presence of at least
four mood episodes in the previous 12 months  that meet the criteria for a manic, hypo-
manic, or major depressive episode. Episodes are demarcated either by partial or full
remissions of at least 2 months or by a sw itch to an episode of the opposite polarity
(e.g., major depressive episode to manic epis ode). The rapid cycling specifier can be ap-
plied to bipolar I or bipolar II disorder.
rapid eye movement (REM) A behavioral sign of the phase of sleep during which the
sleeper is likely to be experiencing dreamlike mental activity.
repetitive speech Morphologically heterogeneous iterations of speech.
residual phase Period after an episode of schizophren ia that has partly or completed re-
mitted but in which some symptoms may remain, and symptoms such as listlessness,
problems with concentrating, and withdrawal  from social activities may predominate.


problems with concentrating, and withdrawal  from social activities may predominate.
restless legs syndrome An urge to move the legs, usually accompanied or caused by
uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs (for pediatric restless legs syn-
drome, the description of these symptoms should be in the child’s own words). The
symptoms begin or worsen during periods of  rest or inactivity. Symptoms are partially
or totally relieved by movement. Symptoms are worse in the evening or at night than
during the day or occur only in the night/evening.
restricted affectivity Little reaction to emotionally arousing situations; constricted
emotional experience and expression; indiffer ence and aloofness in normatively engaging
situations. Restricted affectivity is a facet of the broad personality trait domain D ETACH -
MENT .
rigid perfectionism Rigid insistence on everything being flawless, perfect, and without
errors or faults, including one’s own and ot hers’ performance; sacrificing of timeliness
to ensure correctness in every detail; believi ng that there is only one right way to do
things; difficulty changing ideas and/or viewpoint; preo ccupation with details, orga-
nization, and order. Lack of rigid perfection ism is a facet of the broad personality trait
domain D ISINHIBITION .
risk taking Engagement in dangerous, risky, and po tentially self-damaging activities, un-
necessarily and without regard to consequences; lack of concern for one’s limitations and
denial of the reality of  personal danger; reck less pursuit of goals regardless of the level of
risk involved. Risk taking is a facet of the broad personality trait domain D ISINHIBITION .
rumination (rumination disorders) Repeated regurgitation of food over a period of at


rumination (rumination disorders) Repeated regurgitation of food over a period of at
least 1 month. Regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-s wallowed, or spit out. In
rumination disorders, there is no evidence that an associated gastrointestinal or an-
other medical condition (e.g., gastroesophage al reflux) is sufficient  to account for the
repeated regurgitation.


Glossary of Technical Terms 829
seasonal pattern A pattern of the occurrence of a sp ecific mental disorder in selected
seasons of the year.
self-directedness, self-direction Pursuit of coherent and meaningful short-term and life
goals; utilization of constructive and prosocial internal standards of behavior; ability to
self-reflect productively.
separation insecurity Fears of being alone due to rejection by and/or separation from
significant others, based in a lack of confidence in one’s ability to care for oneself, both
physically and emotionally. Separation insecu rity is a facet of the broad personality
trait domain N EGATIVE  AFFECTIVITY .
sex Biological indication of male and female (understood in the context of reproductive
capacity), such as sex chromosomes, gona ds, sex hormones, and nonambiguous inter-
nal and external genitalia.
sign An objective manifestation of a pathological condition. Signs are observed by the
examiner rather than reported by th e affected individual. Compare with SYMPTOM .
sleep-onset REM Occurrence of the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep within
minutes after falling asleep. Usually assessed by a polysomnographic MULTIPLE  SLEEP
LATENCY  TEST .
sleep terrors Recurrent episodes of abrupt terror ar ousals from sleep, usually occurring
during the first third of the major sleep episode and beginning with a panicky scream.
There is intense fear and signs of autonomi c arousal, such as mydriasis, tachycardia,
rapid breathing, and sweating, during each episode.
sleepwalking Repeated episodes of rising from bed during sleep and walking about,
usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode. While sleepwalking,
the person has a blank, staring face, is relati vely unresponsive to the efforts of others to


communicate with him or her, and can be  awakened only with great difficulty.
somnolence (or “drowsiness”) A state of near-sleep, a strong  desire for sleep, or sleep-
ing for unusually long periods. It has two di stinct meanings, referring both to the usual
state preceding falling asleep and to the chro nic condition that involves being in that
state independent of a circadian rhythm. Compare with HYPERSOMNIA .
specific food cravings Irresistible desire for sp ecial types of food.
startle response (or “startle reaction”) An involuntary (reflexive) reaction to a sudden
unexpected stimulus, such as a loud noise or sharp movement.
stereotypies, stereotyped behaviors/movements Repetitive, abnorma lly frequent, non-
goal-directed movements, seemingly driven , and nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g.,
hand shaking or waving, body rock ing, head banging, self-biting).
stress The pattern of specific and nonspecifi c responses a person makes to stimulus
events that disturb his or he r equilibrium and tax or exceed  his or her ability to cope.
stressor Any emotional, physical, social, economic, or other factor that disrupts the nor-
mal physiological, cognitive, emotional, or  behavioral balance of an individual.
stressor, psychological Any life event or life change that may be associated temporally
(and perhaps causally) with the onset, occurr ence, or exacerbation of a mental disorder.
stupor Lack of psychomotor activity , which may range from not actively relating to the
environment to complete immobility.
submissiveness Adaptation of one’s behavior to the actual or perceived interests and
desires of others even when doing so is antithetical to one’s own interests, needs, or


desires. Submissiveness is a facet of the broad personality trait domain N EGATIVE  AF-
FECTIVITY .


830 Glossary of Technical Terms
subsyndromal Below a specified level or threshold required to qualif y for a particular
condition. Subsyndromal conditions ( formes frustes) are medical condit ions that do not
meet full criteria for a diag nosis—for example, because the symptoms are fewer or less
severe than a defined syndrome—but that nevertheless can be identified and related to
the “full-blown” syndrome.
suicidal ideas (suicidal ideation) Thoughts about self-harm, with deliberate consider-
ation or planning of possible techniques of causing one’s own death.
suicide The act of intentionally causing one’s own death.
suicide attempt An attempt to end one’s own life,  which may lead to one’s death.
suspiciousness Expectations of—and sensitivity to— signs of interpersonal ill intent or
harm; doubts about loyalty and fidelity of ot hers; feelings of being mistreated, used,
and/or persecuted by others. Suspiciousness is a facet of the broad personality trait do-
main D ETACHMENT .
symptom A subjective manifestation of a pathological condition. Symptoms are reported
by the affected individual rather than observed by the examiner. Compare with SIGN .
syndrome A grouping of signs and symptoms, ba sed on their frequent co-occurrence
that may suggest a common underlying pathog enesis, course, familia l pattern, or treat-
ment selection.
synesthesias A condition in which stimulation of  one sensory or cognitive pathway
leads to automatic, involunt ary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway.
temper outburst An emotional outburst (also calle d a “tantrum”), usually associated
with children or those in emotional distress, and typically characterized by stubborn-
ness, crying, screaming, defiance, angry rant ing, a resistance to attempts at pacifica-


tion, and in some cases hitting. Physical co ntrol may be lost, the person may be unable
to remain still, and even if the “goal” of th e person is met, he or she may not be calmed.
thought-action fusion The tendency to treat thoughts and actions as equivalent.
tic An involuntary, sudden, ra pid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocal-
ization.
tolerance A situation that occurs with continued use of a drug in which an individual
requires greater dosages to achieve the same effect.
transgender The broad spectrum of individuals wh o transiently or permanently identify
with a gender different from their natal gender.
transsexual An individual who seeks, or has undergone, a social transition from male to
female or female to male, which in many, but not all cases may also involve a somatic
transition by cross- sex hormone treatment and geni tal surgery (“sex reassignment
surgery”).
traumatic stressor Any event (or events) that may cause or threaten death, serious injury,
or sexual violence to an individual, a close family member, or a close friend.
unusual beliefs and experiences Belief that one has unusual abilities, such as mind
reading, telekinesis, or THOUGHT -ACTION  FUSION ; unusual experiences of reality, in-
cluding hallucinatory experiences. In genera l, the unusual beliefs are not held at the
same level of conviction as DELUSIONS . Unusual beliefs and experiences are a facet of
the personality trait domain P SYCHOTICISM .
waxy flexibility Slight, even resistance to positio ning by examiner. Compare with CAT-
ALEPSY .


Glossary of Technical Terms 831
withdrawal, social Preference for being alone to being with others; reticence in social
situations; AVOIDANCE  of social contacts and activity; lack of initiation of social contact.
Social withdrawal is a facet of th e broad personality trait domain D ETACHMENT .
worry Unpleasant or uncomfortable thoughts th at cannot be consci ously controlled by
trying to turn the attention to other subjects. The worrying  is often persistent, repeti-
tive, and out of proportion to the topic worr ied about (it can even be about a triviality).


833 Glossary of Cultural
Concepts of Distress
Ataque de nervios
Ataque de nervios  (“attack of nerves”) is a syndrome among individuals of Latino descent,
characterized by symptoms of intense emotio nal upset, including acut e anxiety, anger, or
grief; screaming and shouting uncontrollably; a ttacks of crying; tremblin g; heat in the chest
rising into the head; and becomi ng verbally and physically ag gressive. Dissociative experi-
ences (e.g., depersonalization, derealization, am nesia), seizure-like or fainting episodes, and
suicidal gestures are prominent in some ataques  but absent in others. A general feature of an
ataque de nervios  is a sense of being out of control. Attacks frequently occur as a direct result
of a stressful event relating to the family, such as news of the death of a close relative, con-
flicts with a spouse or childr en, or witnessing an accident involving a family member. For a
minority of individuals, no partic ular social event triggers their ataques;  instead, their vul-
nerability to losing control comes from the accumulated experience of suffering.
No one-to-one relationship  has been found between ataque  and any specific psychiatric dis-
order, although several disorders, including pani c disorder, other specif ied or unspecified dis-
sociative disorder, and conversion diso rder, have symptomatic overlap with ataque .
In community samples, ataque  is associated with suicidal  ideation, disability, and out-
patient psychiatric utilization, after adjustment for psychiatric diagnoses, traumatic expo-
sure, and other covariates. However, some ataques represent normative expressions of


sure, and other covariates. However, some ataques represent normative expressions of
acute distress (e.g., at a funeral) without clinical sequelae. The term ataque de nervios  may
also refer to an idiom of distress that includ es any “fit”-like paroxysm  of emotionality (e.g.,
hysterical laughing) and may be used to indica te an episode of loss of control in response
to an intense stressor.
Related conditions in other cultural contexts:  Indisposition in Haiti, blacking out in
the Southern United States, and falling out in the West Indies.
Related conditions in DSM-5:  Panic attack, panic disorder, other specified or unspec-
ified dissociative disorder, co nversion (functional neurologic symptom) disorder, inter-
mittent explosive disorder, other specified or unspecified anxiety disorder, other specified
or unspecified trauma and stressor-related disorder.
Dhat syndrome
Dhat syndrome  is a term that was coined in South Asia  little more than half a century ago to
account for common clinical presentations of young male patients who attributed their
various symptoms to semen loss. Despite the name, it is not a discrete syndrome but rather
a cultural explanation of distress for patients  who refer to diverse symptoms, such as anx-
iety, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, impotence, other multiple somatic complaints, and
depressive mood. The cardinal feature is an xiety and distress about the loss of dhat in the
absence of any identifiable physiological dysfunction. Dhat  was identified by patients as
a white discharge that was noted on defecation  or urination. Ideas about this substance
are related to the concept of dhatu  (semen) described in the Hindu system of medicine,
Ayurveda, as one of seven essential bodily fluids whose balance is necessary to maintain


Ayurveda, as one of seven essential bodily fluids whose balance is necessary to maintain
health.


834 Glossary of Cultural Concepts of Distress
Although dhat syndrome  was formulated as a cultural guide to local clinical practice, related
ideas about the harmful effects of  semen loss have been shown to be widespread in the general
population, suggesting a cultural disposition for explaining health problems and symptoms
with reference to dhat syndrome.  Research in health care settings has yielded diverse estimates
of the syndrome’s prevalence (e .g., 64% of men attending psychiatric clinics in India for sexual
complaints; 30% of men attending general medical clinics in Pakistan). Although dhat syndrome
is most commonly identified with young men from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, mid-
dle-aged men may also be affe cted. Comparable concerns about white vaginal discharge (leu-
korrhea) have been associated with a variant of the concept for women.
Related conditions in other cultural contexts:  koro in Southeast Asia, particularly Sin-
gapore and shen-k’uei  (“kidney deficiency”) in China.
Related conditions in DSM-5:  Major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disor-
der (dysthymia), generalized anxiety disorder, somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety
disorder, erectile disorder, early (premature) ejaculation, other specified or unspecified
sexual dysfunction, academic problem.
Khyâl cap
“Khyâl  attacks” ( khyâl cap ), or “wind attacks,” is a synd rome found among Cambodians in
the United States and Cambodia. Common symptoms include those of panic attacks, such
as dizziness, palpitations, shortness of breath, and cold extremities, as well as other symp-
toms of anxiety and auto nomic arousal (e.g., tinnitus and neck soreness). Khyâl  attacks in-


clude catastrophic cognitions centered on the concern that khyâl  (a windlike substance)
may rise in the body—along wi th blood—and cause a range of  serious effects (e.g., com-
pressing the lungs to cause shortness of breath and asphyxia; entering the cranium to
cause tinnitus, dizziness, blurry vision, and a fatal syncope). Khyâl attacks may occur with-
out warning, but are frequently brought abou t by triggers such as  worrisome thoughts,
standing up (i.e., orthostasis), specific odor s with negative associations, and agoraphobic-
type cues like going to crowded spaces or riding in a car. Khyâl  attacks usually meet panic
attack criteria and may shape the experience  of other anxiety and trauma- and stressor-
related disorders. Khyâl attacks may be associated with considerable disability.
Related conditions in other cultural contexts:  Laos ( pen lom), Tibet ( srog rlung gi nad ),
Sri Lanka ( vata), and Korea (hwa byung ).
Related conditions in DSM-5:  Panic attack, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disor-
der, agoraphobia, posttraumatic stre ss disorder, illness anxiety disorder.
Kufungisisa
Kufungisisa  (“thinking too much” in Shona) is an id iom of distress and a cultural explana-
tion among the Shona of Zimbabwe . As an explanation, it is considered to be causative of
anxiety, depression, and somatic problems (e .g., “my heart is painful because I think too
much”). As an idiom of psychosocial distress, it is indicative of interpersonal and social
difficulties (e.g., marital problems, having no money to take care of children). Kufungisisa


involves ruminating on upsettin g thoughts, particularly worries.
Kufungisisa is associated with a range of psychopathology, including anxiety symp-
toms, excessive worry, panic atta cks, depressive symptoms, and ir ritability. In a study of a
random community sample, two-thirds of the cases identified by a general psychopathol-
ogy measure were of this complaint.
In many cultures, “thinking too much” is considered to be damaging to the mind and
body and to cause specific symptoms like headache and dizziness. “Thinking too much”
may also be a key component of cultural syndromes such as “brain fag” in Nigeria. In the
case of brain fag, “thinking too much” is primarily attributed  to excessive study, which is


may also be a key component of cultural syndromes such as “brain fag” in Nigeria. In the
case of brain fag, “thinking too much” is primarily attributed  to excessive study, which is
considered to damage the brain in particular, with symptoms including feelings of heat or
crawling sensations in the head.


Glossary of Cultural Concepts of Distress 835
Related conditions in other cultural contexts:  “Thinking too much ” is a common id-
iom of distress and cultural explanation acro ss many countries and ethnic groups. It has
been described in Africa, th e Caribbean and Latin America, and among East Asian and
Native American groups.
Related conditions in DSM-5:  Major depressive disorder, pe rsistent depressive disorder
(dysthymia), generalized anxiety disorder, pos ttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compul-
sive disorder, persistent complex bereavement disorder (see “Conditions for Further Study”).
Maladi moun
Maladi moun  (literally “humanly caused illness,” also referred to as “sent sickness”) is a
cultural explanation in Haitian communitie s for diverse medical and psychiatric disor-
ders. In this explanatory mode l, interpersonal envy and malice cause people to harm their
enemies by sending illnesses such as psychosis,  depression, social or academic failure, and
inability to perform activities  of daily living. The etiological model assumes that illness
may be caused by others’ envy and hatred, pr ovoked by the victim’s economic success as
evidenced by a new job or expensive purchase . One person’s gain is assumed to produce
another person’s loss, so visible success make s one vulnerable to attack. Assigning the la-
bel of sent sickness depends on mode of on set and social status more than presenting
symptoms. The acute onset of new symptoms or  an abrupt behavioral  change raises sus-
picions of a spiritual attack. Someone who is at tractive, intelligent, or wealthy is perceived
as especially vulnerable, and even young healthy children are at risk.
Related conditions in other cultural contexts:  Concerns about illness (typically, phys-


Related conditions in other cultural contexts:  Concerns about illness (typically, phys-
ical illness) caused by envy or social co nflict are common across cultures and often ex-
pressed in the form of “evil eye” (e.g. in Spanish, mal de ojo,  in Italian, mal’occhiu).
Related conditions in DSM-5:  Delusional disorder, persecutory type; schizophrenia
with paranoid features.
Nervios
Nervios  (“nerves”) is a common idiom of distress among Latinos in the United States and
Latin America. Nervios  refers to a general state of vulne rability to stressful life experiences
and to difficult life circumstances. The term nervios  includes a wide range of symptoms of
emotional distress, somatic disturbance, an d inability to function. The most common
symptoms attributed to nervios  include headaches and “brain aches” (occipital neck ten-
sion), irritability, stomach disturbances, slee p difficulties, nervousness, easy tearfulness,
inability to concentrat e, trembling, tingling sensations, and mareos  (dizziness with occa-
sional vertigo-like exacerbations). Nervios  is a broad idiom of distress that spans the range
of severity from cases with no mental diso rder to presentations resembling adjustment,
anxiety, depressive, dissociative, somatic symptom, or psychotic disorders. “Being ner-
vous since childhood” appears to  be more of a trait and may precede social anxiety disor-
der, while “being ill with nerves” is more related than other forms of nervios  to psychiatric
problems, especially dissociation and depression.
Related conditions in other cultural contexts: Nevra  among Greeks in North America,


Related conditions in other cultural contexts: Nevra  among Greeks in North America,
nierbi  among Sicilians in North America, and nerves  among whites in Appalachia and
Newfoundland.
Related conditions in DSM-5: Major depressive disorder, peristent depressive disor-
der (dysthymia), generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, other specified or
unspecified dissociative disorder, soma tic symptom disorder, schizophrenia.
Shenjing shuairuo
Shenjing shuairuo  (“weakness of the nervous system” in  Mandarin Chines e) is a cultural
syndrome that integrates conceptual categori es of traditional Chinese medicine with the


836 Glossary of Cultural Concepts of Distress
Western diagnosis of neurasthenia. In the second, revised edition of the Chinese Classifica-
tion of Mental Disorders  (CCMD-2-R), shenjing shuairuo is defined as a syndrome composed
of three out of five nonhierarchical symptom clusters: weak ness (e.g., mental fatigue),
emotions (e.g., feeling vexed), excitement (e.g.,  increased recollections), nervous pain (e.g.,
headache), and sleep (e.g., insomnia). Fan nao  (feeling vexed) is a form  of irritability mixed
with worry and distress over conflicting thoug hts and unfulfilled desires. The third edi-
tion of the CCMD retains shenjing shuairuo  as a somatoform diagno sis of exclusion. Salient
precipitants of shenjing shuairuo  include work- or family-rel ated stressors, loss of face
(mianzi, lianzi ), and an acute sense of failure (e.g., in academic performance). Shenjing sh-
uairuo  is related to traditional concepts of weakness ( xu) and health imbalances related to
deficiencies of a vital essence (e.g., the depletion of qi [vital energy] following overstrain-
ing or stagnation of qi due to excessive worry). In the traditional interpretation, shenjing
shuairuo  results when bodily channels ( jing) conveying vital forces ( shen) become dysreg-
ulated as a result of various social and interpersonal stressors, such as the inability to
change a chronically frustrating and distressi ng situation. Various psychiatric disorders
are associated with shenjing shuairuo,  notably mood, anxiety, and somatic symptom disor-


ders. In medical clinics in China, however, up to 45% of patients with shenjing shuairuo  do
not meet criteria for any DSM-IV disorder.
Related conditions in ot her cultural contexts:  Neurasthenia-spectrum idioms and
syndromes are present in India ( ashaktapanna ) and Japan ( shinkei-suijaku ), among other set-
tings. Other conditions, such as brain fag syndrome, burnout syndrome, and chronic fa-
tigue syndrome, are also closely related.
Related conditions in DSM-5:  Major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disor-
der (dysthymia), generalized anxiety disorder, somatic symp tom disorder, social anxiety
disorder, specific phobia, po sttraumatic stress disorder.
Susto
Susto  (“fright”) is a cultural explanation fo r distress and misfortune prevalent among
some Latinos in the United States and amon g people in Mexico, Central America, and
South America. It is no t recognized as an illness catego ry among Latinos from the Carib-
bean. Susto  is an illness attributed to a frightenin g event that causes the soul to leave the
body and results in unhappiness and sickness, as well as difficulties functioning in key
social roles. Symptoms may appear any time from days to years after the fright is experi-
enced. In extreme cases, susto  may result in death. There are no specific defining symp-
toms for susto; however, symptoms that are often reported by people with susto  include
appetite disturbances, inadequa te or excessive sleep, troubled sleep or dreams, feelings of
sadness, low self-worth or dirtiness, interperso nal sensitivity, and lack of motivation to do


anything. Somatic symptoms accompanying susto may include muscle aches and pains,
cold in the extremities, pallo r, headache, stomachache, and diarrhea. Precipitating events
are diverse, and include natural phenomena, an imals, interpersonal situations, and super-
natural agents, among others.
Three syndromic types of susto  (referred to as cibih  in the local Zapotec language) have
been identified, each ha ving different relationships with psychiatric diagnoses. An interper-
sonal susto  characterized by feelings of loss, aban donment, and not being loved by family,
with accompanying symptoms of sadness, poor  self-image, and suicidal ideation, seemed to
be closely related to major depressive disorder. When susto  resulted from a traumatic event
that played a major role in shaping symptoms and in emotional processing of the experience,


be closely related to major depressive disorder. When susto  resulted from a traumatic event
that played a major role in shaping symptoms and in emotional processing of the experience,
the diagnosis of posttrauma tic stress disorder appe ared more appropriate. Susto  character-
ized by various recurrent somatic symptoms—for  which the person sought health care from
several practitioners—was thought to resemble a somatic symptom disorder.
Related conditions in other cultural contexts:  Similar etiological concepts and symp-
tom configurations are found globally. In the Andean region, susto  is referred to as espanto .


Glossary of Cultural Concepts of Distress 837
Related conditions in DSM-5:  Major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disor-
der, other specified or unspecified trauma and stressor-related di sorder, somatic symp-
tom disorders.
Taijin kyofusho
Taijin kyofusho  (“interpersonal fear disorder” in Japa nese) is a cultural syndrome charac-
terized by anxiety about and av oidance of interpersonal situations due to the thought, feel-
ing, or conviction that one’s appearance and actions in social interactions are inadequate
or offensive to others. In the United States, the variant involves having an offensive body
odor and is termed olfactory reference syndrome.  Individuals with taijin kyofusho  tend to focus
on the impact of their symptoms and behavior s on others. Variants include major concerns
about facial blushing (erythrophobia), having an offensive body odor (olfactory reference
syndrome), inappropriate gaze (too much or too little eye co ntact), stiff or awkward facial
expression or bodily moveme nts (e.g., stiffening, trem bling), or body deformity.
Taijin kyofusho  is a broader construct than social an xiety disorder in DSM-5. In addition
to performance anxiety, taijin kyofusho  includes two culture-relate d forms: a “sensitive type,”
with extreme social sensitivity and anxiety about interpersonal inte ractions, and an “of-
fensive type,” in which the major concer n is offending others. As a category, taijin kyofusho
thus includes syndromes with features of body dysmorphic disorder as well as delusional
disorder. Concerns may have a delusional qualit y, responding poorly to simple reassurance
or counterexample.


or counterexample.
The distinctive symptoms of taijin kyofusho  occur in specific cultural contexts and, to
some extent, with more severe social anxiet y across cultures. Simila r syndromes are found
in Korea and other societies that place a st rong emphasis on the self-conscious mainte-
nance of appropriate social behavior in hierarchical interpersonal relationships. Taijin kyo-
fusho –like symptoms have also b een described in other cultural contexts, including the
United States, Australia, and New Zealand.
Related conditions in other cultural contexts:  Taein kong po  in Korea.
Related conditions in DSM-5:  Social anxiety disorder, bo dy dysmorphic disorder, de-
lusional disorder, obsessive-co mpulsive disorder, olfactory re ference syndrome (a type of
other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder ). Olfactory reference syndrome
is related specifically to the jikoshu-kyofu variant of taijin kyofusho,  whose core symptom is
the concern that the person emits an offensive body odor. This presentation is seen in var-
ious cultures outside Japan.


839Alphabetical Listing of
DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes
(ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
ICD-9-CM codes are to be used for coding  purposes in the United States through
September 30, 2014. ICD-10-CM codes are to be used starting October 1, 2014.
ICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem
V62.3 Z55.9 Academic or educational problem
V62.4 Z60.3 Acculturation difficulty
308.3 F43.0 Acute stress disorder
    Adjustment disorders
309.24 F43.22 With anxiety
309.0 F43.21 With depressed mood
309.3 F43.24 With disturbance of conduct
309.28 F43.23 With mixed anxiety and depressed mood
309.4 F43.25 With mixed disturbanc e of emotions and conduct
309.9 F43.20 Unspecified
V71.01 Z72.811 Adult an tisocial behavior
307.0 F98.5 Adult-onset  fluency disorder
    Adult physical abuse by nonspouse or nonpartner, Confirmed
995.81 T74.11XA Initial encounter
995.81 T74.11XD Subsequent encounter
    Adult physical abuse by nonspouse or nonpartner, Suspected
995.81 T76.11XA Initial encounter
995.81 T76.11XD Subsequent encounter
    Adult psychological abuse by nonspouse or nonpartner,
Confirmed
995.82 T74.31XA Initial encounter
995.82 T74.31XD Subsequent encounter
    Adult psychological abuse by nonspouse or nonpartner, Suspected
995.82 T76.31XA Initial encounter


995.82 T76.31XA Initial encounter
995.82 T76.31XD Subsequent encounter
    Adult sexual abuse by nonspouse or nonpartner, Confirmed
995.83 T74.21XA Initial encounter
995.83 T74.21XD Subsequent encounter
    Adult sexual abuse by nonspo use or nonpartner, Suspected
995.83 T76.21XA Initial encounter
995.83 T76.21XD Subsequent encounter


840 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
300.22 F40.00 Agoraphobia
291.89   Alcohol-induced  anxiety disorder
  F10.180 With mild use disorder
  F10.280 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.980 Without use disorder
291.89   Alcohol-induced bipo lar and related disorder
  F10.14 With mild use disorder
  F10.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.94 Without use disorder
291.89   Alcohol-induced depressive disorder
  F10.14 With mild use disorder
  F10.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.94 Without use disorder
291.1   Alcohol-induced major neuroc ognitive disorder, Amnestic
confabulatory type
  F10.26 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.96 Without use disorder
291.2   Alcohol-induced major neuroc ognitive disorder, Nonamnestic
confabulatory type
  F10.27 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.97 Without use disorder
291.89   Alcohol-induced mild  neurocogniti ve disorder
  F10.288 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.988 Without use disorder
291.9   Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder
  F10.159 With mild use disorder
  F10.259 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.959 Without use disorder
291.89   Alcohol-induced sexual dysfunction
  F10.181 With mild use disorder
  F10.281 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.981 Without use disorder
291.82   Alcohol-induc ed sleep disorder
  F10.182 With mild use disorder


F10.182 With mild use disorder
  F10.282 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.982 Without use disorder
303.00   Alcohol intoxication
  F10.129 With mild use disorder
  F10.229 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.929 Without use disorder
291.0   Alcohol intoxication delirium
  F10.121 With mild use disorder
  F10.221 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F10.921 Without use disorderICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 841
    Alcohol use disorder
305.00 F10.10 Mild
303.90 F10.20 Moderate
303.90 F10.20 Severe
291.81   Alcohol withdrawal
  F10.232 With perceptual disturbances
  F10.239 Without perceptual disturbances
291.0 F10.231 Alcohol withdrawal delirium
292.89   Amphetamine (or other stim ulant)–induced anxiety disorder
  F15.180 With mild use disorder
  F15.280 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.980 Without use disorder
292.84   Amphetamine (or other stimul ant)–induced bipolar and related
disorder
  F15.14 With mild use disorder
  F15.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.94 Without use disorder
  F15.921 Amphetamine (or other stimulant)–induced delirium
292.84   Amphetamine (or other stimul ant)–induced depressive disorder
  F15.14 With mild use disorder
  F15.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.94 Without use disorder
292.89   Amphetamine (or other stimulan t)–induced obsessive-compulsive
and related disorder
  F15.188 With mild use disorder
  F15.288 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.988 Without use disorder
292.9   Amphetamine (or other stimul ant)–induced psychotic disorder
  F15.159 With mild use disorder
  F15.259 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.959 Without use disorder


F15.959 Without use disorder
292.89   Amphetamine (or other stimul ant)–induced sexual dysfunction
  F15.181 With mild use disorder
  F15.281 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.981 Without use disorder
292.85   Amphetamine (or other stim ulant)–induced sleep disorder
  F15.182 With mild use disorder
  F15.282 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.982 Without use disorder
292.89   Amphetamine or other  stimulant intoxication
  Amphetamine or other stimulant intoxication, With perceptual
disturbances
  F15.122 With mild use disorder
  F15.222 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.922 Without use disorderICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


842 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
  Amphetamine or other stimulant intoxication, Without perceptual
disturbances
  F15.129 With mild use disorder
  F15.229 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.929 Without use disorder
292.81   Amphetamine (or other stim ulant) intoxication delirium
  F15.121 With mild use disorder
  F15.221 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.921 Without use disorder
292.0 F15.23 Amphetamine or other stimulant withdrawal
Amphetamine-type substance use disorder
305.70 F15.10 Mild
304.40 F15.20 Moderate
304.40 F15.20 Severe
307.1 Anorexia nervosa
F50.02 Binge-eating/purging type
F50.01 Restricting type
    Antidepressant disc ontinuation syndrome
995.29 T43.205A Initial encounter
995.29 T43.205S Sequelae
995.29 T43.205D Subsequent encounter
301.7 F60.2 Antisocial personality disorder
293.84 F06.4 Anxiety disorder due to another medical condition
    Attention-deficit/hy peractivity disorder
314.01 F90.2 Combined presentation
314.01 F90.1 Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation
314.00 F90.0 Predominantly inattentive presentation
299.00 F84.0 Autism spectrum disorder
301.82 F60.6 Avoidant personality disorder
307.59 F50.8 Avoidant/restricti ve food intake disorder
307.51 F50.8 Binge-eating disorder


307.51 F50.8 Binge-eating disorder
    Bipolar I disorder, Current or most recent episode depressed
296.56 F31.76 In full remission
296.55 F31.75 In partial remission
296.51 F31.31 Mild
296.52 F31.32 Moderate
296.53 F31.4 Severe
296.54 F31.5 With psychotic features
296.50 F31.9 Unspecified
296.40 F31.0 Bipolar I disorder, Current or most recent episode hypomanic
296.46 F31.72 In full remission
296.45 F31.71 In partial remission
296.40 F31.9 UnspecifiedICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 843
    Bipolar I disorder, Current or  most recent episode manic
296.46 F31.74 In full remission
296.45 F31.73 In partial remission
296.41 F31.11 Mild
296.42 F31.12 Moderate
296.43 F31.13 Severe
296.44 F31.2 With psychotic features
296.40 F31.9 Unspecified
296.7 F31.9 Bipolar I disorder, Current or  most recent episode unspecified
296.89 F31.81 Bipolar II disorder
293.83   Bipolar and related disorder  due to another medical condition
  F06.33 With manic features
  F06.33 With manic- or hypomanic-like episodes
  F06.34 With mixed features
300.7 F45.22 Body dysmorphic disorder
V62.89 R41.83 Borderline in tellectual functioning
301.83 F60.3 Borderline personality disorder
298.8 F23 Brief psyc hotic disorder
307.51 F50.2 Bulimia nervosa
292.89   Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder
  F15.180 With mild use disorder
  F15.280 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.980 Without use disorder
292.85   Caffeine-indu ced sleep disorder
  F15.182 With mild use disorder
  F15.282 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F15.982 Without use disorder
305.90 F15.929 Caffeine intoxication
292.0 F15.93 Caffeine withdrawal
292.89   Cannabis-induced anxiety disorder
  F12.180 With mild use disorder


292.89   Cannabis-induced anxiety disorder
  F12.180 With mild use disorder
  F12.280 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F12.980 Without use disorder
292.9   Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder
  F12.159 With mild use disorder
  F12.259 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F12.959 Without use disorder
292.85   Cannabis-indu ced sleep disorder
  F12.188 With mild use disorder
  F12.288 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F12.988 Without use disorder
292.89   Cannabis intoxicationICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


844 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
    Cannabis intoxication, Wi th perceptual disturbances
  F12.122 With mild use disorder
  F12.222 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F12.922 Without use disorder
   C annabis intoxication, Without percep tual disturbances
  F12.129 With mild use disorder
  F12.229 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F12.929 Without use disorder
292.81   Cannabis intoxication delirium
  F12.121 With mild use disorder
  F12.221 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F12.921 Without use disorder
    Cannabis use disorder
305.20 F12.10 Mild
304.30 F12.20 Moderate
304.30 F12.20 Severe
292.0 F12.288 Cannabis withdrawal
293.89 F06.1 Catatonia associated with another mental disorder (catatonia
specifier)
293.89 F06.1 Catatonic disorder due to another  medical condition
    Central sleep apnea
780.57 G47.37 Central sleep apnea comorbid with opioid use
786.04 R06.3 Cheyne-Stokes breathing
327.21 G47.31 Idiopathic central sleep apnea
V61.29 Z62.898 Child affected by parental relationship distress
    Child neglect, Confirmed
995.52 T74.02XA Initial encounter
995.52 T74.02XD Subsequent encounter
    Child neglect, Suspected
995.52 T76.02XA Initial encounter
995.52 T76.02XD Subsequent encounter
V71.02 Z72.810 Child or adolescent antisocial behavior
    Child physical abuse, Confirmed


Child physical abuse, Confirmed
995.54 T74.12XA Initial encounter
995.54 T74.12XD Subsequent encounter
    Child physical abuse, Suspected
995.54 T76.12XA Initial encounter
995.54 T76.12XD Subsequent encounter
    Child psychological abuse, Confirmed
995.51 T74.32XA Initial encounter
995.51 T74.32XD Subsequent encounter
    Child psychological abuse, Suspected
995.51 T76.32XA Initial encounter
995.51 T76.32XD Subsequent encounterICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 845
    Child sexual abuse, Confirmed
995.53 T74.22XA Initial encounter
995.53 T74.22XD Subsequent encounter
    Child sexual abuse, Suspected
995.53 T76.22XA Initial encounter
995.53 T76.22XD Subsequent encounter
315.35 F80.81 Childhood-onset fluency disorder  (stuttering)
    Circadian rhythm sl eep-wake disorders
307.45 G47.22 Advanced sleep phase type
307.45 G47.21 Delayed sleep phase type
307.45 G47.23 Irregular sleep-wake type
307.45 G47.24 Non-24-hour sleep-wake type
307.45 G47.26 Shift work type
307.45 G47.20 Unspecified type
292.89   Cocaine-induced  anxiety disorder
  F14.180 With mild use disorder
  F14.280 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F14.980 Without use disorder
292.84   Cocaine-induced bipo lar and related disorder
  F14.14 With mild use disorder
  F14.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F14.94 Without use disorder
292.84   Cocaine-induced depressive disorder
  F14.14 With mild use disorder
  F14.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F14.94 Without use disorder
292.89   Cocaine-induced obsessive- compulsive and related disorder
  F14.188 With mild use disorder
  F14.288 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F14.988 Without use disorder
292.9   Cocaine-induced psychotic disorder
  F14.159 With mild use disorder


292.9   Cocaine-induced psychotic disorder
  F14.159 With mild use disorder
  F14.259 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F14.959 Without use disorder
292.89   Cocaine-induced sexual dysfunction
  F14.181 With mild use disorder
  F14.281 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F14.981 Without use disorder
292.85   Cocaine-induc ed sleep disorder
  F14.182 With mild use disorder
  F14.282 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F14.982 Without use disorderICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


846 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
292.89   Cocaine intoxication
  Cocaine intoxication, With  perceptual disturbances
  F14.122 With mild use disorder
  F14.222 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F14.922 Without use disorder
  Cocaine intoxication, With out perceptual disturbances
  F14.129 With mild use disorder
  F14.229 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F14.929 Without use disorder
292.81   Cocaine intoxication delirium
  F14.121 With mild use disorder
  F14.221 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F14.921 Without use disorder
Cocaine use disorder
305.60 F14.10 Mild
304.20 F14.20 Moderate
304.20 F14.20 Severe
292.0  F14.23 Cocaine withdrawal
   C onduct disorder
312.82 F91.2 Adolescent-onset type
312.81 F91.1 Childhood-onset type
312.89 F91.9 Unspecified onset
300.11   Conversion disorder (functional  neurological symptom disorder)
F44.4 With abnormal movement
F44.6 With anesthesia or sensory loss
F44.5 With attacks or seizures
F44.7 With mixed symptoms
F44.6 With special sensory symptoms
F44.4 With speech symptoms
F44.4 With swallowing symptoms
F44.4 With weakness/paralysis
V62.5 Z65.0 Conviction in civil or criminal proceedings without imprisonment
301.13 F34.0 Cyclothymic disorder
302.74 F52.32 Delayed ejaculation
   D elirium


302.74 F52.32 Delayed ejaculation
   D elirium
293.0 F05 Delirium due to an other medical condition
293.0 F05 Delirium due to multiple etiologies
292.81 Medication-induced delirium (for ICD-10-CM codes, see specific
substances )
Substance intoxication delirium  (see specific substances for codes)
Substance withdrawal delirium (see specific subs tances for codes)
297.1 F22 Delusional disorder
301.6 F60.7 Dependent personality disorderICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 847
300.6 F48.1 Depersonalization/derealization disorder
293.83   Depressive disorder due to another medical condition
  F06.31 With depressive features
  F06.32 With major depr essive–like episode
  F06.34 With mixed features
315.4 F82 Developmental c oordination disorder
V60.89 Z59.2 Discord with neighbor, lodger, or landlord
V62.89 Z64.4 Discord with so cial service provider, including probation officer,
case manager, or social services worker
313.89 F94.2 Disinhibited soci al engagement disorder
V61.03 Z63.5 Disruption of family  by separation or divorce
296.99 F34.8 Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
300.12 F44.0 Dissociative amnesia
300.13 F44.1 Dissociative amnesia,  with dissoc iative fugue
300.14 F44.81 Dissociative  identity disorder
307.7 F98.1 Encopresis
307.6 F98.0 Enuresis
302.72 F52.21 Erectile disorder
698.4 L98.1  Excoriation (s kin-picking) disorder
302.4 F65.2 Exhibitionistic disorder
V62.22 Z65.5 Exposure to disaster , war, or other hostilities
V60.2 Z59.5 Extreme poverty
300.19 F68.10 Factitious disorder
302.73 F52.31 Female orgasmic disorder
302.72 F52.22 Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
302.81 F65.0 Fetishistic disorder


302.81 F65.0 Fetishistic disorder
302.89 F65.81 Frotteuristic disorder
312.31 F63.0 Gambling disorder
302.85 F64.1 Gender dysphoria in adolescents and adults
302.6 F64.2 Gender dysp horia in children
300.02 F41.1 Generalized anxiety disorder
302.76 F52.6 Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
315.8 F88 Global developmental delay
292.89 F16.983 Hallucinog en persisting perception disorder
V61.8 Z63.8 High expressed emotion level within family
301.50 F60.4 Histrionic personality disorder
300.3 F42 Hoarding disorder
V60.0 Z59.0 Homelessness
307.44 F51.11 Hypersomnolence disorder
300.7 F45.21 Illness anxiety disorder
V62.5 Z65.1 Imprisonment or other incarceration
V60.1 Z59.1 Inadequate housingICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


848 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
292.89   Inhalant-induced anxiety disorder
  F18.180 With mild use disorder
  F18.280 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F18.980 Without use disorder
292.84   Inhalant-induced depressive disorder
  F18.14 With mild use disorder
  F18.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F18.94 Without use disorder
292.82   Inhalant-induced majo r neurocognitive disorder
  F18.17 With mild use disorder
  F18.27 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F18.97 Without use disorder
292.89   Inhalant-induced mild  neurocognitive disorder
  F18.188 With mild use disorder
  F18.288 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F18.988 Without use disorder
292.9   Inhalant-induced psychotic disorder
  F18.159 With mild use disorder
  F18.259 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F18.959 Without use disorder
292.89   Inhalant intoxication
  F18.129 With mild use disorder
  F18.229 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F18.929 Without use disorder
292.81   Inhalant intoxication delirium
  F18.121 With mild use disorder
  F18.221 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F18.921 Without use disorder
    Inhalant use disorder
305.90 F18.10 Mild
304.60 F18.20 Moderate
304.60 F18.20 Severe
307.42 F51.01 Insomnia disorder
V60.2 Z59.7 Insufficien t social insurance or welfare support


V60.2 Z59.7 Insufficien t social insurance or welfare support
  Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)
317  F70 Mild
318.0  F71 Moderate
318.1  F72 Severe
318.2  F73 Profound
312.34 F63.81 Intermittent explosive disorder
312.32 F63.2 Kleptomania
V60.2 Z59.4 Lack of adequate f ood or safe drinking water
315.32 F80.2 Language disorder
V60.2 Z59.6 Low incomeICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 849
    Major depressive disorder, Recurrent episode
296.36 F33.42 In full remission
296.35 F33.41 In partial remission
296.31 F33.0 Mild
296.32 F33.1 Moderate
296.33 F33.2 Severe
296.34 F33.3 With psychotic features
296.30 F33.9 Unspecified
    Major depressive disorder, Single episode
296.26 F32.5 In full remission
296.25 F32.4 In partial remission
296.21 F32.0 Mild
296.22 F32.1 Moderate
296.23 F32.2 Severe
296.24 F32.3 With psychotic features
296.20 F32.9 Unspecifed
331.9 G31.9 Major frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder, Possible
Major frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder, Probable ( code first
331.19 [G31.09] frontotemporal disease)
294.11 F02.81 With behavioral disturbance
294.10 F02.80 Without behavioral disturbance
331.9 G31.9 Major neurocognitive disorder  due to Alzheimer’s disease, Possible
Major neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease,
Probable (code first  331.0 [G30.9] Alzheimer’s disease)
294.11 F02.81 With behavioral disturbance
294.10 F02.80 Without behavioral disturbance
    Major neurocognitive disorder due to another medical condition
294.11 F02.81 With behavioral disturbance
294.10 F02.80 Without behavioral disturbance


294.10 F02.80 Without behavioral disturbance
Major neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection ( code first  042
[B20] HIV infection)
294.11 F02.81 With behavioral disturbance
294.10 F02.80 Without behavioral disturbance
Major neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s disease ( code
first 333.4 [G10] Huntington’s disease)
294.11 F02.81 With behavioral disturbance
294.10 F02.80 Without behavioral disturbance
331.9 G31.9 Major neurocogni tive disorder with Lewy bodies, Possible
Major neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies, Probable ( code
first 331.82 [G31.83] Lewy body disease)
294.11 F02.81 With behavioral disturbance
294.10 F02.80 Without behavioral disturbance
    Major neurocognitive disord er due to multiple etiologies
294.11 F02.81 With behavioral disturbance
294.10 F02.80 Without behavioral disturbanceICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


850 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
331.9 G31.9 Major neurocognitive disorder  due to Parkinson’s disease, Possible
Major neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson’s disease,
Probable (code first  332.0 [G20] Parkinson’s disease)
294.11 F02.81 With behavioral disturbance
294.10 F02.80 Without beha vioral disturbance
Major neurocognitive disord er due to prion disease ( code first
046.79 [A81.9] prion disease)
294.11 F02.81 With behavioral disturbance
294.10 F02.80 Without beha vioral disturbance
Major neurocognitive disorder due to trauma tic brain injury (code
first 907.0 late effect of intracranial  injury without skull fracture
[S06.2X9S diffuse traumatic brain injury with loss of conscious-
ness of unspecified duration, sequela])
294.11 F02.81 With behavioral disturbance
294.10 F02.80 Without beha vioral disturbance
331.9 G31.9 Major vascular neuroc ognitive diso rder, Possible
    Major vascular neurocog nitive disorder, Probable
290.40 F01.51 With behavioral disturbance
290.40 F01.50 Without beha vioral disturbance
302.71 F52.0 Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
V65.2 Z76.5 Malingering
333.99 G25.71 Medication-ind uced acute akathisia
333.72 G24.02 Medication-induced acute dystonia
292.81   Medication-induced delirium (for ICD-10-CM codes, see specific
substances)


substances)
333.1 G25.1 Medication-indu ced postural tremor
331.83 G31.84 Mild frontotemporal  neurocognitive disorder
331.83 G31.84 Mild neurocognitive diso rder due to Alzheimer’s disease
331.83 G31.84 Mild neurocognitive disord er due to another medical condition
331.83 G31.84 Mild neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection
331.83 G31.84 Mild neurocognitive diso rder due to Huntington’s disease
331.83 G31.84 Mild neurocognitive disorder due to multiple etiologies
331.83 G31.84 Mild neurocognitive diso rder due to Park inson’s disease
331.83 G31.84 Mild neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease
331.83 G31.84 Mild neurocognitive diso rder due to traumatic brain injury
331.83 G31.84 Mild neurocognitive  disorder with Lewy bodies
331.83 G31.84 Mild vascular neurocognitive disorder
301.81 F60.81 Narcissistic  personality disorder
   N arcolepsy
347.00 G47.419 Autosomal dominant ce rebellar ataxia, deafness, and
narcolepsy
347.00 G47.419 Autosomal domi nant narcolepsy, obesity, and type 2 diabetes
347.10 G47.429 Narcolepsy secondary to another medical condition
347.01 G47.411 Narcolepsy wi th cataplexy but withou t hypocretin deficiency
347.00 G47.419 Narcolepsy without catapl exy but with hypocretin deficiency
332.1 G21.11 Neuroleptic-induced parkinsonismICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 851
333.92 G21.0 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
307.47 F51.5 Nightmare disorder
V15.81 Z91.19 Nonadherence to medical treatment
    Non–rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders
307.46 F51.4 Sleep terror type
307.46 F51.3 Sleepwalking type
300.3 F42 Obsessive-compulsive disorder
301.4 F60.5 Obsessive-compuls ive personality disorder
294.8 F06.8 Obsessive-compulsive and related disorder due to another
medical condition
327.23 G47.33 Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea
292.89   Opioid-induced anxiety disorder
  F11.188 With mild use disorder
  F11.288 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F11.988 Without use disorder
  F11.921 Opioid-induced delirium
292.84   Opioid-induced depressive disorder
  F11.14 With mild use disorder
  F11.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F11.94 Without use disorder
292.89   Opioid-induced sexual dysfunction
  F11.181 With mild use disorder
  F11.281 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F11.981 Without use disorder
292.85   Opioid-induce d sleep disorder
  F11.182 With mild use disorder
  F11.282 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F11.982 Without use disorder
292.89   Opioid intoxication
    Opioid intoxicati on, With perceptual disturbances
  F11.122 With mild use disorder
  F11.222 With moderate or severe use disorder


F11.222 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F11.922 Without use disorder
    Opioid intoxicati on, Without percep tual disturbances
  F11.129 With mild use disorder
  F11.229 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F11.929 Without use disorder
292.81   Opioid intoxication delirium
  F11.121 With mild use disorder
  F11.221 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F11.921 Without use disorder
    Opioid use disorder
305.50 F11.10 Mild
304.00 F11.20 Moderate
304.00 F11.20 SevereICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


852 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
292.0 F11.23 Opioid withdrawal
292.0 F11.23 Opioid withdrawal delirium
313.81 F91.3 Oppositional defiant disorder
    Other adverse effect of medication
995.20 T50.905A Initial encounter
995.20 T50.905S Sequelae
995.20 T50.905D Subsequent encounter
   Other circumstances related to adul t abuse by nonspouse or nonpartner
V62.83 Z69.82 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of
nonspousal adult abuse
V65.49 Z69.81 Encounter for mental health  services for victim of nonspousal
adult abuse
   Other circumstances related to child neglect
V62.83 Z69.021 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of
nonparental child neglect
V61.22 Z69.011 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of parental
child neglect
V61.21 Z69.010 Encounter for mental health se rvices for victim of child neglect by
parent
V61.21 Z69.020 Encounter for mental health  services for victim of nonparental
child neglect
V15.42 Z62.812 Personal history (past history) of neglect in childhood
   Other circumstances related to child physical abuse
V62.83 Z69.021 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of
nonparental child abuse
V61.22 Z69.011 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of parental
child abuse
V61.21 Z69.010 Encounter for mental health services for victim of child abuse by
parent


parent
V61.21 Z69.020 Encounter for mental health  services for victim of nonparental
child abuse
V15.41 Z62.810 Personal histor y (past history) of phys ical abuse in childhood
   Other circumstances related to  child psychological abuse
V62.83 Z69.021 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of
nonparental child psychological abuse
V61.22 Z69.011 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of parental
child psychological abuse
V61.21 Z69.010 Encounter for mental health services for victim of child
psychological abuse by parent
V61.21 Z69.020 Encounter for mental health  services for victim of nonparental
child psychological abuse
V15.42 Z62.811 Personal histor y (past history) of psychological abuse in childhood
   Other circumstances related  to child sexual abuse
V62.83 Z69.021 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of
nonparental child sexual abuse
V61.22 Z69.011 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of parental
child sexual abuseICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 853
V61.21 Z69.010 Encounter for mental health services for victim of child sexual
abuse by parent
V61.21 Z69.020 Encounter for mental health  services for victim of nonparental
child sexual abuse
V15.41 Z62.810 Personal his tory (past history) of se xual abuse in childhood
   Other circumstances related to spou se or partner abuse, Psychological
V61.12 Z69.12 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of spouse or
partner psychological abuse
V61.11 Z69.11 Encounter for mental health  services for victim of spouse or
partner psychological abuse
V15.42 Z91.411 Personal hi story (past history) of spouse or partner
psychological abuse
   Other circumstances related to  spouse or partner neglect
V61.12 Z69.12 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of spouse or
partner neglect
V61.11 Z69.11 Encounter for mental health  services for victim of spouse or
partner neglect
V15.42 Z91.412 Personal his tory (past history) of sp ouse or partner neglect
   Other circumstances related to sp ouse or partner violence, Physical
V61.12 Z69.12 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of spouse or
partner violence, Physical
V61.11 Z69.11 Encounter for mental health  services for victim of spouse or
partner violence, Physical
V15.41 Z91.410 Personal histor y (past history) of spouse or partner violence,
Physical
   Other circumstances related to sp ouse or partner violence, Sexual
V61.12 Z69.12 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of spouse or


V61.12 Z69.12 Encounter for mental health services for perpetrator of spouse or
partner violence, Sexual
V61.11 Z69.81 Encounter for mental health  services for victim of spouse or
partner violence, Sexual
V15.41 Z91.410 Personal histor y (past history) of spouse or partner violence,
Sexual
V65.40 Z71.9 Other counseling or consultation
292.89   Other hallucinogen–i nduced anxiety disorder
  F16.180 With mild use disorder
  F16.280 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.980 Without use disorder
292.84   Other hallucinogen–induced  bipolar and related disorder
  F16.14 With mild use disorder
  F16.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.94 Without use disorder
292.84   Other hallucinogen–ind uced depressive disorder
  F16.14 With mild use disorder
  F16.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.94 Without use disorderICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


854 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
292.9   Other hallucinogen–induced psychotic disorder
  F16.159 With mild use disorder
  F16.259 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.959 Without use disorder
292.89   Other hallucinogen intoxication
  F16.129 With mild use disorder
  F16.229 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.929 Without use disorder
292.81   Other hallucinogen intoxication delirium
  F16.121 With mild use disorder
  F16.221 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.921 Without use disorder
    Other hallucinogen use disorder
305.30 F16.10 Mild
304.50 F16.20 Moderate
304.50 F16.20 Severe
333.99 G25.79 Other medication-induced movement disorder
332.1 G21.19 Other medicatio n-induced parkinsonism
V15.49 Z91.49 Other personal hi story of psychological trauma
V15.89 Z91.89 Other personal risk factors
V62.29 Z56.9 Other problem related to employment
V62.89 Z65.8 Other problem relate d to psychosocial circumstances
300.09 F41.8 Other specif ied anxiety disorder
314.01 F90.8 Other specified attentio n-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
296.89 F31.89 Other specified bi polar and related disorder
780.09 R41.0 Other sp ecified delirium
311 F32.8 Other specified depressive disorder
312.89 F91.8 Other specified disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorder
300.15 F44.89 Other specifie d dissociati ve disorder


300.15 F44.89 Other specifie d dissociati ve disorder
    Other specified elimination disorder
787.60 R15.9 With fecal symptoms
788.39 N39.498 With urinary symptoms
307.59 F50.8 Other specified feeding or eating disorder
302.6 F64.8 Other specifie d gender dysphoria
780.54 G47.19 Other specified hypersomnolence disorder
780.52 G47.09 Other specified insomnia disorder
300.9 F99 Other specified mental disorder
294.8 F06.8 Other specified mental disord er due to another medical condition
315.8 F88 Other specified neur odevelopment al disorder
300.3 F42 Other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder
302.89 F65.89 Other specifie d paraphilic disorder
301.89 F60.89 Other specifie d personality disorder
298.8 F28 Other specified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder
302.79 F52.8 Other specifie d sexual dysfunctionICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 855
780.59 G47.8 Other specified sleep-wake disorder
300.89 F45.8 Other specified somati c symptom and related disorder
307.20 F95.8 Other spec ified tic disorder
309.89 F43.8 Other specified trauma - and stressor-related disorder
292.89   Other (or unknown) subs tance–induced anxiety disorder
  F19.180 With mild use disorder
  F19.280 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.980 Without use disorder
292.84   Other (or unknown) substance–induced bipolar and related disorder
  F19.14 With mild use disorder
  F19.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.94 Without use disorder
  F19.921 Other (or unknown) substance–induced delirium
292.84   Other (or unknown) substa nce–induced depressive disorder
  F19.14 With mild use disorder
  F19.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.94 Without use disorder
292.82   Other (or unknown) substance–induced major neurocognitive
disorder
  F19.17 With mild use disorder
  F19.27 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.97 Without use disorder
292.89   Other (or unknown) substance–induced mild neurocognitive
disorder
  F19.188 With mild use disorder
  F19.288 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.988 Without use disorder
292.89   Other (or unknown) substance–induced obsessive-compulsive
and related disorder
  F19.188 With mild use disorder


and related disorder
  F19.188 With mild use disorder
  F19.288 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.988 Without use disorder
292.9   Other (or unknown) substa nce–induced psychotic disorder
  F19.159 With mild use disorder
  F19.259 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.959 Without use disorder
292.89   Other (or unknown) substa nce–induced sexual dysfunction
  F19.181 With mild use disorder
  F19.281 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.981 Without use disorder
292.85   Other (or unknown) subs tance–induced sleep disorder
  F19.182 With mild use disorder
  F19.282 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.982 Without use disorderICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


856 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
292.89   Other (or unknown) substance intoxication
  F19.129 With mild use disorder
  F19.229 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.929 Without use disorder
292.81   Other (or unknown) subs tance intoxication delirium
  F19.121 With mild use disorder
  F19.221 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F19.921 Without use disorder
    Other (or unknown) substance use disorder
305.90 F19.10 Mild
304.90 F19.20 Moderate
304.90 F19.20 Severe
292.0 F19.239 Other (or unknown)  substance withdrawal
292.0 F19.231 Other (or unknown) su bstance withdrawal delirium
Other or unspecified stimulant use disorder
305.70 F15.10 Mild
304.40 F15.20 Moderate
304.40 F15.20 Severe
278.00 E66.9 Overweight or obesity
Panic attack specifier
300.01 F41.0 Panic disorder
301.0 F60.0 Paranoid pe rsonality disorder
V61.20 Z62.820 Parent-child relational problem
302.2 F65.4 Pedophilic disorder
307.22 F95.1 Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder
300.4 F34.1 Persistent depressi ve disorder (dysthymia)
V62.22 Z91.82 Personal history of military deployment
V15.59 Z91.5 Personal history of self-harm
310.1 F07.0 Personality change du e to another medical condition
V62.89 Z60.0 Phase of life problem


V62.89 Z60.0 Phase of life problem
292.89   Phencyclidine-induced anxiety disorder
  F16.180 With mild use disorder
  F16.280 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.980 Without use disorder
292.84   Phencyclidine-i nduced bipolar an d related disorder
  F16.14 With mild use disorder
  F16.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.94 Without use disorder
292.84   Phencyclidine-induc ed depressive disorder
  F16.14 With mild use disorder
  F16.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.94 Without use disorderICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 857
292.9   Phencyclidine-indu ced psychotic disorder
  F16.159 With mild use disorder
  F16.259 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.959 Without use disorder
292.89   Phencyclidine intoxication
  F16.129 With mild use disorder
  F16.229 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.929 Without use disorder
292.81   Phencyclidine intoxication delirium
  F16.121 With mild use disorder
  F16.221 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F16.921 Without use disorder
    Phencyclidine use disorder
305.90 F16.10 Mild
304.60 F16.20 Moderate
304.60 F16.20 Severe
307.52   Pica
  F50.8 In adults
  F98.3 In children
309.81 F43.10 Posttraumatic stress disorder
302.75 F52.4 Premature (early) ejaculation
625.4 N94.3 Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
V62.21 Z56.82 Problem related to cu rrent military deployment status
V69.9 Z72.9 Problem related to lifestyle
V60.3 Z60.2 Problem related to living alone
V60.6 Z59.3 Problem related to living in a residential institution
V61.5 Z64.1 Problems related to multiparity
V62.5 Z65.3 Problems related to other legal circumstances
V62.5 Z65.2 Problems related to release from prison
V61.7 Z64.0 Problems related to unwanted pregnancy
307.21 F95.0 Provisional tic disorder


307.21 F95.0 Provisional tic disorder
316 F54 Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
    Psychotic dis order due to another medical condition
293.81 F06.2 With delusions
293.82 F06.0 With hallucinations
312.33 F63.1 Pyromania
327.42 G47.52 Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
313.89 F94.1 Reactive attachment disorder
V61.10 Z63.0 Relationship distress wi th spouse or intimate partner
V62.89 Z65.8 Religious or spiritual problem
333.94 G25.81 Restless legs syndrome
307.53 F98.21 Rumination disorderICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


858 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
    Schizoaffective disorder
295.70 F25.0 Bipolar type
295.70 F25.1 Depressive type
301.20 F60.1 Schizoid pe rsonality disorder
295.90 F20.9 Schizophrenia
295.40 F20.81 Schizoph reniform disorder
301.22 F21 Schizotypal personality disorder
292.89   Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced anxiety disorder
  F13.180 With mild use disorder
  F13.280 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F13.980 Without use disorder
292.84   Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiol ytic-induced bipolar and related
disorder
  F13.14 With mild use disorder
  F13.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F13.94 Without use disorder
  F13.921 Sedative-, hypnotic-, or  anxiolytic-induced delirium
292.84   Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiol ytic-induced depr essive disorder
  F13.14 With mild use disorder
  F13.24 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F13.94 Without use disorder
292.82   Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiol ytic-induced major neurocognitive
disorder
  F13.27 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F13.97 Without use disorder
292.89   Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiol ytic-induced mild neurocognitive
disorder
  F13.288 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F13.988 Without use disorder


F13.988 Without use disorder
292.9   Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced ps ychotic disorder
  F13.159 With mild use disorder
  F13.259 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F13.959 Without use disorder
292.89   Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiol ytic-induced sexual dysfunction
  F13.181 With mild use disorder
  F13.281 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F13.981 Without use disorder
292.85   Sedative-, hypnotic-, or an xiolytic-induced sleep disorder
  F13.182 With mild use disorder
  F13.282 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F13.982 Without use disorder
292.89   Sedative, hy pnotic, or anxiolytic intoxication
  F13.129 With mild use disorder
  F13.229 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F13.929 Without use disorderICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 859
292.81   Sedative, hypnot ic, or anxiolytic intoxication delirium
  F13.121 With mild use disorder
  F13.221 With moderate or severe use disorder
  F13.921 Without use disorder
    Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic use disorder
305.40 F13.10 Mild
304.10 F13.20 Moderate
304.10 F13.20 Severe
292.0   Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal
  F13.232 With perceptual disturbances
  F13.239 Without perceptual disturbances
292.0 F13.231 Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal delirium
313.23 F94.0 Selective mutism
309.21 F93.0 Separation anxiety disorder
V65.49 Z70.9 Sex counseling
302.83 F65.51 Sexual masochism disorder
302.84 F65.52 Sexual sadism disorder
V61.8 Z62.891 Sibling relational problem
    Sleep-related hypoventilation
327.26 G47.36 Comorbid sleep-related hypoventilation
327.25 G47.35 Congenital centra l alveolar hypoventilation
327.24 G47.34 Idiopathic hypoventilation
300.23 F40.10 Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
V62.4 Z60.4 Social exclusion or rejection
315.39 F80.89 Social (pragmat ic) communication disorder
300.82 F45.1 Somatic symptom disorder
    Specific learning disorder
315.1 F81.2 With impairment in mathematics


Specific learning disorder
315.1 F81.2 With impairment in mathematics
315.00 F81.0 With impairment in reading
315.2 F81.81 With impairment  in written expression
    Specific phobia
300.29 F40.218 Animal
300.29   Blood-injection-injury
F40.230 Fear of blood
F40.231 Fear of injections and transfusions
F40.233 Fear of injury
F40.232 Fear of other medical care
300.29 F40.228 Natural environment
300.29 F40.298 Other
300.29 F40.248 Situational
315.39 F80.0 Speech sound disorder
    Spouse or partner abuse,  Psychological, Confirmed
995.82 T74.31XA Initial encounter
995.82 T74.31XD Subsequent encounterICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


860 Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses  and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM)
    Spouse or partner abuse, Psychological, Suspected
995.82 T76.31XA Initial encounter
995.82 T76.31XD Subsequent encounter
    Spouse or partner neglect, Confirmed
995.85 T74.01XA Initial encounter
995.85 T74.01XD Subsequent encounter
    Spouse or partner neglect, Suspected
995.85 T76.01XA Initial encounter
995.85 T76.01XD Subsequent encounter
    Spouse or partner viol ence, Physical, Confirmed
995.81 T74.11XA Initial encounter
995.81 T74.11XD Subsequent encounter
    Spouse or partner violence, Physical, Suspected
995.81 T76.11XA Initial encounter
995.81 T76.11XD Subsequent encounter
    Spouse or partner violence, Sexual, Confirmed
995.83 T74.21XA Initial encounter
995.83 T74.21XD Subsequent encounter
    Spouse or partner violence, Sexual, Suspected
995.83 T76.21XA Initial encounter
995.83 T76.21XD Subsequent encounter
307.3 F98.4 Stereotypic movement disorder
  Stimulant in toxication (see amphetamine or cocaine intoxication for
specific codes)
    Stimulant use disorder (see amphetamine or cocaine use disorder for
specific codes)
 S timulant withdrawal (see amphetamine or cocaine withdrawal for
specific codes)
    Substance intoxication delirium (see specific subs tances for codes)
    Substance withdrawal delirium (see specific subs tances for codes)


Substance withdrawal delirium (see specific subs tances for codes)
    Substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder (see specific
substances for codes)
    Substance/medication-induced bipolar and related disorder (see
specific substa nces for codes)
    Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder (see specific
substances for codes)
    Substance/medication-induced major or mild neurocognitive
disorder (see specific substances for codes)
    Substance/medication-induced ob sessive-compulsive and related
disorder (see specific substances for codes)
Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder (see specific
substances for codes)
Substance/medication-induced sexual dysfunction (see specific
substances for codes)
Substance/medication-induced sleep disorder (see specific
substances for codes)ICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem


Alphabetical Listing of DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) 861
333.99 G25.71 Tardive akathisia
333.85 G24.01 Tardive dyskinesia
333.72 G24.09 Tardive dystonia
V62.4 Z60.5 Target of (perceived) adve rse discrimination or persecution
292.85   Tobacco-induc ed sleep disorder
  F17.208 With moderate or severe use disorder
    Tobacco use disorder
305.1 Z72.0 Mild
305.1 F17.200 Moderate
305.1 F17.200 Severe
292.0 F17.203 Tobacco withdrawal
307.23 F95.2 Tourette’s disorder
302.3 F65.1 Transvestic disorder
312.39 F63.3 Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder)
V63.9 Z75.3 Unavailability or inaccessibility of health care facilities
V63.8 Z75.4 Unavailability or inaccessibility of other helping agencies
V62.82 Z63.4 Uncomplic ated bereavement
291.9 F10.99 Unspecified alcohol-related disorder
300.00 F41.9 Unspecified  anxiety disorder
314.01 F90.9 Unspecified attention- deficit/hyperacti vity disorder
296.80 F31.9 Unspecified bipo lar and related disorder
292.9 F15.99 Unspecified caffeine-related disorder
292.9 F12.99 Unspecified cannabis-related disorder
293.89 F06.1 Unspecified catatonia ( code first  781.99 [R29.818] other symptoms
involving nervous and musculoskeletal systems)


involving nervous and musculoskeletal systems)
307.9 F80.9 Unspecified co mmunication disorder
780.09 R41.0 Unspecified delirium
311 F32.9 Unspecified depressive disorder
312.9 F91.9 Unspecified disruptive, impu lse-control, and conduct disorder
300.15 F44.9 Unspecified di ssociative disorder
    Unspecified elimination disorder
787.60 R15.9 With fecal symptoms
788.30 R32 With urinary symptoms
307.50 F50.9 Unspecified feed ing or eating disorder
302.6 F64.9 Unspecified gender dysphoria
292.9 F16.99 Unspecified hallucinogen-related disorder
V60.9 Z59.9 Unspecified hous ing or economic problem
780.54 G47.10 Unspecified hy persomnolence disorder
292.9 F18.99 Unspecified inhalant-related disorder
780.52 G47.00 Unspecified insomnia disorder
319 F79 Unspecified intellectual disability (intellectual developmental
disorder)
300.9 F99 Unspecified mental disorder
294.9 F09 Unspecified mental disorder  due to another medical condition
799.59 R41.9 Unspecified ne urocognitive disorderICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Disorder, condition, or problem