Adriaen Pieter Twent van Raaphorst, by W.B. van der Kooi, 1809. In 1807, during the reign of King Louis Napoleon, Adriaen Pieter Twent (1745-1816) was appointed director general of the water authority. As such he was responsible for the administration of all the country's water. Previously, under the Republic, this had been organised on a regional basis. On Twent's initiative, the country was divided into two water-authority districts: each administered by an inspector general. In 1809 Twent became the first minister of the water authority. Here he is portrayed in the dress uniform that accompanied his office. Official uniforms for ministers were introduced in the Netherlands early in the 19th century.