Instructions: Answer the question from the given passage. Your answer should be directly extracted from the passage, and it should be a single entity, name, or number, not a sentence.
Input: Passage: Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: 'public' (state-controlled) and 'independent' (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].) Question: In what century did missionaries notably establish church schools in South Africa?
Output:
nineteenth