Legal Document

480 U.S. 522 107 S.Ct. 1391 94 L.Ed.2d 533 Gloria RODRIGUEZ, aka Carmen Santiagov.UNITED STATES. No. 86-5504. March 23, 1987. PER CURIAM. 1 In the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 (CCCA), Pub.L. 98-473, 98 Stat. 1976, Congress provided that anyone who commits a felony while on release pending judicial proceedings must be sentenced to at least two years' imprisonment in addition sentence imposed for underlying felony. 18 U.S.C. § 3147 (1982 ed., Supp. III). Under Probation Act, 3651, federal judges have long had authority suspend execution certain sentences and impose probation instead. The United States Court Appeals Second Circuit held "supersede[d]" leaving without under 3147, 794 F.2d 24, 26 (1986). We reverse. 2 Petitioner, Rodriguez, was arrested selling cocaine. While released personal recognizance bond she again, heroin. She pleaded guilty both charges. sentencing judge recognized 31471 required petitioner 2-year term drug offenses. Nevertheless, relying 3651,2 he suspended sentence, finding circumstances more appropriate. appealed, arguing superseded no 3147. agreed with reversed. 24 (CA2 1986). Rodriguez then filed this petition certiorari. 3 Since does not explicitly divest their Appeals' judgment amounts conclusion is an implicit partial repeal 3651. It well settled, however, repeals by implication are favored, see, e.g., TVA v. Hill, 437 153, 189, 2279, 2299, 57 117 (1978), will found unless intent " 'clear manifest.' Borden Co., 308 188, 198, 60 182, 84 L.Ed. 181 (1939) (quoting Red Rock Henry, 106 596, 602, 434, 439, 27 251 (1883)). Nothing language these provisions suggests existence ' "irreconcilable conflict," Kremer Chemical Construction Corp., 456 461, 468, 102 1883, 1890, 72 262 (1982) (citations omitted), from which may inferred. To contrary, fit together quite sensibly. Section requires those commit felonies years; 3651 authorizes if would different many other statutes requiring minimum sentences, uniformly been subject suspension See, Andrews States, 373 334, 340, 83 1236, 1239, 10 383 (1963) (dictum); Davis, 560 144, 148, n. 6 (CA3), cert. denied sub nom. Hazzard 434 839, 133, 54 (1977); Wilson, 506 521, (CA9 1974) (per curiam ); Jones 419 593, 597-598 (CA8 1969); Cameron, 351 448, 449 (CA7 1965); Hardaway, 350 1021, 1022 (CA6 Smith 284 789, 791, (CA5 1960); Donovan, 242 61, 64 1957). 4 rested its part legislative history CCCA, noting various Senate House Reports referred as establishing "mandatory" prescribing "term years than ten," "requir[ing] individual imprisoned additional period time." See F.2d, 26-29. Even unrebutted, passing references constitute "clear manifest" evidence congressional necessary establish implication. fact, totality demonstrates unusual clarity intended. A Report early version pointed out specifying did create mandatory terms confinement, since such could favor or parole. S.Rep. 98-225, p. 66, 129 (1983), U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 1984, 3182. same also noted reported provision eventually codified 924(c) permit suspension, recommended it amended eliminate possibility. S.Rep., 312-313. subsequently amend 924(c), make unambiguously inapplicable. §§ 929(a) III); U.S.C.App. 1202(a); 21 845a(c) '[W]here includes particular one section statute but omits another generally presumed acts intentionally purposely disparate inclusion exclusion.' Russello 464 16, 104 296, 300, 78 17 (1983) Wong Kim Bo, 472 720, 722 1972)). is, short, overwhelmingly clear that, acted—as act, Lorillard Pons, 575, 581-582, 866, 870-871, 55 40 (1978)—with full awareness well-established interpretation permits "unless [it is] made inapplicable." supra, 64. 5 Additionally, most impermissibly, relied understanding broad purposes included decreasing frequency persons pretrial crimes diminishing discretion judges. But legislation pursues all costs. Deciding what competing values sacrificed achievement objective very essence choice—and frustrates rather effectuates simplistically assume whatever furthers statute's primary law. Where, here, "the . sufficiently context odds history, '[there occasion] examine considerations "policy" influenced lawmakers formulation statute.' Aaron SEC, 446 680, 695, 100 1945, 1954, 611 (1980) Ernst Hochfelder, 425 185, 214, 33, 96 1375, 1391, 47 668 (1976)). Neither nor provides any basis concluding intended effect true practical contrary reduced fact amended, CCCA substantially altered repealed effective November 1, 1987, see because plainly inconsistent important doctrines statutory construction, we grant motion leave proceed forma pauperis certiorari 7 so ordered. 8 Justice BLACKMUN reverse Appeals. 9 MARSHALL afford parties opportunity brief merits case. Newport Iacobucci, 479 92, 97, 383, 93 334 (1986) (MARSHALL, J., dissenting summary disposition). relevant part: "A person convicted offense committed [pending proceedings] shall sentenced, prescribed offense[,] to— "(1) less ten pursuant consecutive imprisonment." "Upon entering conviction punishable death life imprisonment, court having jurisdiction try offenses against States[,] when satisfied ends justice best interest public defendant served thereby, imposition place upon conditions deems best."

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