Legal Document

353 U.S. 427 77 Supreme Court Reporter 985 1 United States Reports Lawyer’s Edition 2d Series KF101.8 U54 956 Henry Ragonton RABANG, Petitioner,v.John Pacific KF135 P2 BOYD, District Director, Immigration and Naturalization Service. Number 403. Argued May 1, 1957. Decided 27, Rehearing Denied July 8, See 354 944, S.cT. 1421. Mr. John Caughlan, Seattle, Wash., for the petitioner. Judge Federal KF105 F3 Bishop, Washington, D.C., respondent. Justice BRENNAN delivered opinion of Court. The petitioner, born in 1910 Philippine Islands, has lived continental since 1930, when he was admitted permanent residence. In February 1951, convicted upon a plea guilty violating federal narcotics laws. He taken into custody March and, after administrative proceedings, ordered deported under Act 18, 1931, as amended, which provided deportation 'any alien' law.1 2 Petitioner applied to Western Washington writ habeas corpus declaratory relief from order Service deporting him Islands. denied petitioner's application, Appeals Ninth Circuit affirmed.2 We granted certiorari.3 3 sole issue decision is whether petitioner deportable an alien within meaning 1931 Act. parties agree that national at birth entered Under 1898 Treaty Paris, Spain ceded Islands States.4 Article IX '* * (t)he civil rights political status native inhabitants shall be determined by Congress.'5 Pursuant Article, Congress declared, inter alia, 1902, Filipinos 1899 were citizens such entitled protection *.'6 Filipinos, nationals, owed obligation allegiance this country.7 4 Upon proclamation independence on 4, 1946,8 § 14 Independence 1934 became operative. Section provided: 5 'Upon final complete withdrawal American sovereignty over immigration laws (including all provisions thereof relating persons ineligible citizenship) apply who same extent case other foreign countries.' 48 Statutes-at-Large 464, Code KF62 (1946 Ed.) 1244, 22 Annotated KF65 U5 1281a. 6 held lost his relinquished its 1946, occurred regardless residence date.9 7 argues national, acquired 1902 statute, bears close relationship constitutionally secured birthright citizenship American-born, divestiture should rest only most explicit expression congressional intention. Act, full necessarily severed nationals States. Anything less than severance ties or out States, would not have fulfilled our longstanding policy grant people. Hooven & Allison company versus Evatt, 324 652, 674—678, 692, 65 870, 881—883, 89 L.Ed. 1252. clear language applies 'to Islands.' This demonstrates, we hold, did courts below, thereby aliens date. 8 contends that, because time territory enter country therefore cannot purview relies Barber Gonzales, 347 637, 74 822, 824, 98 1009, where Filipino 1930 19(a) 1917 sentenced certain crimes 'committed entry.' (Emphasis added.) word 'entry' significant purpose limit arriving 'from some port place,' description fit belonging But differs it silent condition deportability. By terms, any who, (February 1931), *' offense. It follows holding Gonzales applicable. 9 requirement 'entry,' construed incorporated provision accomplished 'in manner sections 19 20' 1917.10 hold reference 'manner provided' those draws procedural steps securing set forth sections. Bugajewitz Adams, 228 585, 33 607, 57 978. adopted these procedures instead spelling them Act.11 10 urges finally implicit Citing Fong Yue Ting 149 698, 13 1016, 37 905, bounds power deport are circumscribed exclude them, extends 'foreigners' does embrace they true excludable general statute exclusion 'aliens.' Williams, 192 12—13, 24 177, 179, 317; Toyota 268 402, 411, 45 563, 565, 69 1016. 11 fallacy argument erroneous assumption without legislate 'foreigners.' acquire treaty implies govern territory, but prescribe what terms will receive inhabitants, their *.' Downes Bidwell, 182 244, 279, 21 770, 784, 1088.12 had, exercised, 8(a)(1) which, period 12 'For purposes 1917, 1924 (except section 13(c)), section, immigration, exclusion, expulsion aliens, considered if aliens. For separate each fiscal year quota fifty 462, (1934 1238. plainly covers situation alien, Cf. ex rel. Eichenlaub Shaughnessy, 338 521, 70 329, 94 307. conclude judgment affirmed. Affirmed. 15 DOUGLAS, dissenting. 16 act 156a, narcotic law date citizen Philippines virtue 456, chapter 84, 8; violation had been changed alien. If read literally, warranted. 17 literally is, N Dec. Nationality Decisions think, miss real import. 18 First. here made country. seems, herefore, Without no application whatsoever passage, every 'alien' another 'entered' here. While later 'aliens,' class 'aliens' resident never As holds, whom concept inapplicable. Second. provides offending (the) manner' §§ 20 155, 156. words said refer means described 'upon warrant Attorney General.' 591, 608, 978, earlier way. meant 'the deportation.' Yet difficult me say ruling art legislative drafting. involved with very special history. substituted 'as provided.' So apparent amendment narrowed meaning. There history seem synonymous setting 'under conditions of.' And relevant crime committed 'after No matter how viewed, applicable came left spirit observed, lumped 'entry.' while stands himself remain there, until unless harsh measures class. (A)ny addict dealer in, peddler of, drugs mentioned Act) conspiracy violate State, Territory, possession, Columbia, taxing, prohibiting, regulating manufacture, production, compounding, transportation, sale, exchange, dispensing, giving away, importation, exportation opium, coca leaves, heroin, marihuana, salt, derivative, preparation opium 5, 'An regulate to, States." 46 1171, 54 673, now 1251(a)(11). 234 Reporter, 2nd 904. 352 906, 146, 115. 30 1754. Id., 1759. 32 691, 692; compare 39 545, 546. Compare 101 1940 defines term 'national' follows: '(a) person owing allegance state. '(b) 'national States' (2) though owes include alien.' 1137, 501, 1101(a)(21, 22). Presidental Proclamation 2695, 60 1352, Fed.Reg. 7517, 1394 note; Presidential 2696, 1353, 1281 note. consistently followed principle. E.g., Resurreccion-Talavera Barber, 231 524; 207 398, affirmed grounds 1009; Mangaoang Boyd, 205 553; Cabebe Acheson, 183 795; cf. Madrona Banez 236 934. 889, 1251, 20, 890, Ed., Supp. IV) 156, 1253(a), related ports deported, costs details. General required specified willing accept territory.' proceedings contended case. Magoon, (1902), 120: 'The islands during late war Spain, being do possess right free entry That appurtenant citizenship. more race coming lands.' Illustrative scope treatment afforded Puerto Ricans first 31 77, 79, 733 citizens, 951, 953, 1402. also 280, 1088, territories

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