Legal Document

392 U.S. 631 88 Supreme Court Reporter 2093 20 United States Reports Lawyer’s Edition 2d Series KF101.8 U54 1308 Sam DeSTEFANOv.WOODS, Sheriff of Cook County, Illinois. Frank Anthony CARCERANO versus Clarence T. GLADDEN, Warden. Nos. 559, 941. June 17, 1968. Rehearing Denied Oct. 14, See 89 67. Anna R. Lavin, for petitioner DeStefano. John Judge Stamos and Elmer C. Kissane, respondent Woods. Robert Y. Thornton, Atty. Gen. Oregon, David or Haw. Hawai‘i KFH45 A2 Blunt, Asst. Gen., Gladden. PER CURIAM. 1 Petitioner Carcerano was convicted armed robbery sentenced, on May 11, 1962, to life imprisonment. The Oregon Constitution, Article I, § permits a jury convict in noncapital cases if 10 the 12 jurors support conviction. affirmed petitioner's State Carcerano, 238 Or. 208, 390 Pacific Reporter, 2nd 923, cert. denied, 380 85 921, 13 807. In 1967, sought collateral relief under Oregon's post-conviction statute. sole ground relied upon that Federal Constitutions were violated when told it could return verdict guilty even though members did not unanimously favor verdict. This issue had been raised by his direct appeal. denied relief. 2 DeStefano found criminal contempt an Illinois court sentenced three concurrent one-year terms.1 After affirmance denial certiorari this Court, 385 989, 87 594, 17 450, unsuccessfully state then filed petition habeas corpus District Northern Petitioner's contention he unconstitutionally trial jury. Both Appeals held Constitution require proceedings. 3 Duncan Louisiana, 391 145, 1444, 491, we cannot deny request serious cases, Bloom Illinois, 194, 1477, 522, right extends trials contempts. left open question continued vitality statement Maxwell Dow, 176 581, 586, 448, 44 L.Ed. 597, Sixth Amendment includes be except unanimous whether punished imprisonment one year is, virtue sentence, sufficiently matter honored. These two issues posed 941 559 must considered at time only decisions apply retroactively. We hold, however, Louisiana should receive prospective application. Accordingly, denials petitioners regardless whether, which rules announced apply, Fourteenth requires verdicts affords contempts year. 4 Stovall Denno, 388 293, 297, 1970, 18 1199, stated considerations affect judgment case reversing prior doctrines area law applied prospectively: 5 '(a) purpose served new standards, (b) extent reliance enforcement authorities old (c) effect administration justice retroactive application standards.' 6 All factors rule Louisiana. respect because context institutions practices adopt our laws, generally tends prevent arbitrariness repression. As Duncan, 'We would assert, every trial—or any particular trial—held before judge alone is unfair defendant may never as fairly treated jury.' U.S., 158, S.Ct., 1470. values implemented measurably requiring retrial all persons past procedures consistent with trial. Second, undoubtedly good faith opinions applicable States. E.g., supra. Several requests where have mandatory they fallen within guarantee construed Court. supra, 1452, n. 30. Third, holding general retroactivity significant, has occurred very great number those until now according guarantee. For example, crimes make argument. And, depending Court's about 12-man juries, convictions certain other jeopardy. 7 are somewhat more evenly balanced regard One result belief trials, often occur who object allegedly contemptuous behavior, tried determined guilt. Unlike judge, jurymen will witnessed suffered alleged contempt, nor suggested prosecution it. However, tradition nonjury firmly established than view dispense normal prosecutions, overturned therefore justified. Also, adverse effects invalidating likely substantial. Thus, decision, also feel warranted. 8 these reasons reverse failure grant began 20, 1968, date Illinois.2 petitions writs granted judgments affirmed. 9 It so ordered. Judgments 11 Mr. Justice HARLAN STEWART HARLAN'S dissenting 171, 1460, 491 215, 1487, 522. DOUGLAS, whom BLACK joins, dissenting. & N Dec. Immigration Nationality Decisions am deprivation given effect, thought done comparable constitutional decisions. Gideon Wainwright, 372 335, 83 792, 799; Douglas People California, 353, 814, 811; Linkletter Walker, 381 618, 640, 1731, 1743, 14 601 (dissenting opinion); Johnson New Jersey, 384 719, 736, 86 1772, 1782, 16 882 302, 1972, 1199 opinion). ordered released bail Clark pending appeals courts first writ certiorari. He against release appeal from relief; second order force consideration present petition. Prior order, between total 207 days sentences. see no basis distinction become final various stages 300—301, 1971 1972.

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