Legal Document

401 U.S. 254 91 Supreme Court Reporter 602 28 United States Reports Lawyer’s Edition 2d Series KF101.8 U54 26 UNITED STATES, Appellant,v.Thomas William WELLER. Number 77. Argued Dec. 10, 1970. Decided Feb. 24, 1971. Syllabus Appellee, who claimed conscientious objector status, was refused representation by his attorney at the time of personal appearance before draft board on basis a Selective Service regulation prohibiting such representation. Subsequently indicted for refusing to submit induction, appellee filed motion dismiss, contending that denial counsel had deprived him due process. The District granted appellee's ground not authorized Military Act 1967. notice appeal this Court, but, after reconsidering and concluding lacked jurisdiction entertain its direct from Court's order, moved remand Appeals. Appellee contends 'construction statute' dismissal provision or 'motion in bar' Criminal Appeals gives appeal. Held: 1. This has no under since interrelation statute fell short required have been based upon construction statute. versus Mersky, 361 431, 80 459, 4 423, distinguished. Pp. 257—259. 2. applies only when defendant, while denying commission offense, claims an extraneous factor forecloses prosecution. That is inapplicable here refusal induction crime because board. 259—261. 309 F.Supp. 50, remanded. James van R. Springer, Washington, D.C., appellant. Marvin M. Karpatkin, New York City, appellee. Mr. Justice STEWART delivered opinion Court. 1 In case we are called once again construe elusive provisions Act, 18 Code KF62 § 3731.1 Somewhat ironically, argument over made appellant, States. appellee, other hand, insists properly here. 2 A grand jury Northern California into Armed Forces, violation 50 U.S.C.A.pp. 462(a) (1964 ed., Supp. V).2 Servie proceedings leading up notice, sought status. He specifically requested lawyer be allowed accompany local board, but relying 32 Federal Regulations 1624.1(b), denied request conducted without present.3 Subsequently, declined reopen I—A classification, unsuccessfully exhausted administrative review. His order report submit, prosecution followed. 3 trial dismiss indictment ground, among others, process law Fifth Amendment. did squarely decide constitutional claim, registrant's Act. 50. court relied primarily Greene McElroy, 360 474, 79 1400, 1377, which our underscored 'the concern traditional forms fair procedure restricted implication most explicit action Nation's lawmakers, even areas where it possible Constitution presents inhibition.' U.S., 508, 1419. Viewing as 'a critical stage substantial rights adjudicated,' F.Supp., 51, found various conferring rulemaking power Executive insufficient authorize hearings.4 Government reconsidered position concluded Accordingly, Solicitor General asking us Minth Circuit. We postponed further consideration question until hearing merits. 397 985, 90 1118, 25 394. now conclude and, pursuant Appeals.5 5 urges either two sections one relating founded motions bar.6 Considering first provision, controlling precedent decision 423. case, one, there were issue both promulgated it. finding however, noted 'neither nor regulations complete other, together do they any force. effect, therefore, necessarily involves * *. When so inextricably intertwined, must held involve statute.' 438, S.Ct., 463.7 6 relation between forbidding boards wholly different situation Mersky. all 'called itself,' 463. Indeed, independent would entirely covering same subject matter provide exactly reverse what present requires. It cannot said other.' Since fall far being 'inextricably intertwined,' 'based statute.'8 7 turn, accordingly, Two preliminary observations necessary. First, taken mean whatever meant 'special plea originally passed 1907.9 Second, never settled definitive interpretation constitutes bar.'10 8 During debates 1907, Congress paid relatively little attention section clearest statement meaning given bill's cosponsors, Senator Patterson: 9 'A special bar set defense notwithstanding defendant may guilty offenses with he charged; some outside matter; yet connected case.'11 10 tenor definition accords usage, common usual took form confession avoidance. Judge Chitty, Treatise Pleading Parties Actions *551—552 (16th Am. ed. 1883). criminal cases pleas presented double jeopardy pardon, Bishop, Procedure 742 (2d 1913), sometimes limitations, id., 799(5). 11 characteristic these definitions deny committed acts alleged crime. Rather, nevertheless could prosecuted factor. act simply beyond scope test. 12 Our decisions consistent reading provision. early section, familiar interposed limitations. E.g., Goldman, 277 229, 236—237, 48 486, 488, 72 L.Ed. 862; Rabinowich, 238 78, 83 84, 35 682, 683, 59 1211. defendants immunity prior self-incriminatory testimony statutory grant immunity. Blue, 384 251, 86 1416, 16 510; Hoffman, 335 77, 68 1413, 1414, 92 1830; Monia, 317 424, 63 409, 87 376. See also Ewell, 383 116, 773, 15 627 (speedy trial); Hark, 320 531, 64 359, 88 290 (governing revoked indictment); Thompson, 251 407, 40 289, 333 (first indict; charges submitted second approval); Celestine, 215 278, 30 93, 54 195 (challenge federal jurisdiction).12 13 Testing standard, think plain qualify bar.' conduct counsel. confessed prosecution; argues 14 conclude, remanded Ninth Circuit court. ordered. Remanded. 17 DOUGLAS, dissenting. & N Immigration Nationality Decisions believe sustains my view distinguished undertakes do. 19 Mersky governing labeling imported articles involved. mandatory label foreign origin English name country origin.' Secretary Treasury 'may' determine 'words phrases abbreviations' acceptable 'as indicating 1304(a). 20 'so intertwined' information 'must 464. 21 concludes 1967 'far short' intertwined.' But, respect, quoted penal defining inducted.1 more relevant 10(b)(3), U.S.C.App. 460(b) (3) V), reads part: 22 'Such boards, separate panels thereof each consisting three members, shall, rules prescribed President (§ 10(b)(1)), within respective jurisdictions hear determine, right *, questions respect inclusion for, exemption deferment from, training service title *.' (Emphasis added.) 23 turns 'to determine'. Truman, rule-making 10(b)(1), August 20, 1948, regulation, 1624.1, described kind 'hearing' registrant entitled.2 More precisely does determine' include personally appear? Does appear through attorney? Is resolved 'under President' read including requirements counsel? determine,' indeed intertwined than case. For latter, noted, promulgate therefore merely fill details. contrast, leaves 'rules nature registrant. constitutionally permissible? rather nearly whether 24 construed 'hear registrants President,' those words used 10(b)(3) constitutionally-suspect removing represented counsel.' 52. granting accordingly 'loathe hold constitutional.' Id., 56. say considered. remit circumstances entitled aid end problems finally sight. Omnibus Crime Control 1970, 14(a), 84 Statutes-at-Large 1890, amended pertinent part follows: 'In shall lie appeals decision, judgment, district dismissing counts, except clause prohibits prosecution.' appellate thus eliminated. Pending cases, affected, subsection (b) amending provides: 'The amendments apply begun effective date section.' 1970 effect January 2, 15, 1969. 1967, 12(a), provides '(A)ny person refuses armed forces manner knowingly fail neglect refuse perform duty execution conviction competent jurisdiction, punished imprisonment five years fine $10,000, 1624.1(b) (1970) '(N)o anyone acting legal cited 460(b)(3) 1(c) 451(c). §§ 5(a)(1), 10(b) (1), 455(a)(1) 460(b)(1). 3731: 'If taken, which, should appeals, then if instance.' Ibid.: 'An behalf courts following instances: 'From judgment founded. sustaining bar, put jeopardy.' dissenting opinions wanting 444, 453, 467, 471. suggested dissent language V) military service. record indicate mentioned rely indictment. theory urged perhaps parties realized can hardly upon' Sisson, 399 267, 292—293, n. 22, 2117, 2131, 608; Note Advisory Committee Fed.Rule Crim.Proc. 54(c), reprinted 54, 300 nn. 53—54, 2135. 41 Cong.Rec. 2753. Only difficult reconcile test adopted text, dubious parentage. Covington, 395 57, 89 1559, 94, Murdock, 284 141, 52 63, 76 210, refusals answer justified grounds Amendment privilege. Murdock itself, appropriately bar. 151, 65. assuming jurisdiction. 1560. As last Term dealing statute, 'As sound construction, 'statute founded' entire penalty provisions.' 280 9, 2124, 608. predecessor provided '(a) Every registrant, classification determined (except itself part), opportunity member members designated purpose files written therefor days mailed Notice Classification (SSS Form 110) him. Such 10-day period extended, finds unable file control. '(b) No may, discretion, permit registrant: Provided, speak adequately interpreter him: And further, Fed.Reg. 4858. Section 1624.1(a) Johnson Order 11350 May 3, respects material 6961.

Classification Label: 2