Legal Document

391 U.S. 216 88 Supreme Court Reporter 1472 20 United States Reports Lawyer’s Edition 2d Series KF101.8 U54 538 Wayne DYKE et al., Petitioners,v.TAYLOR IMPLEMENT MFG. CO., Incorporated Number 149. Argued Jan. 18, 1968. Decided May 20, Michael or Haw. Hawai‘i KFH45 A2 Gottesman, Washington, D.C., for petitioners. Allen Carter, Athens, Tenn., respondent. Mr. Justice WHITE delivered the opinion of Court. 1 Petitioners, Dyke, Ed McKinney, and John Blackwell, were found guilty criminal contempt by Chancery McMinn County, Tennessee. All three given maximum sentence authorized statute, 10 days in jail a $50 fine.1 The Tennessee affirmed,2 rejecting contentions that convictions violated Federal Constitution because jury trial was denied3 testimony concerning gun, allegedly discovered during an unconstitutional search, admitted at trial. Petitioners raised both challenges their petition writ certiorari, we granted writ. 389 815, 44, 19 66 (1967). 2 In connection with labor dispute, County issued, on January 24, 1966, injunction against, inter alia, 3 'inflicting harm damage upon persons property (respondent Taylor Implement Company's) employees, customers, visitors any other persons.' 4 On night February 25, car seen to drive past home Lloyd Duckett, nonstriking employee who lived Monroe which adjoins McMinn. Shots fired from into Duckett home. Robert Ellis, Duckett's son-in-law, standing front yard another Dale Harris; Ellis back pistol, thought his first shot hit car. informed Sheriff Howard Kirkpatrick telephone, soon after, Deputy Loyd Powers, contacted radio presumably told crime, spotted suspicious began following it. raced away but stopped Tennessee, policemen, notified Powers speeding heading Athens. When reached car, contained petitioners, he Athens policemen took them jail,4 parked outside jail. While petitioners waiting inside jail, several searched Under seat they air rifle. At there Harris had recognized shots as two-tone 1960 1961 Dodge, Dodge one shot, fresh bullet hole through trunk lid, rifle pellet next day home, under car's seat.5 chancellor noted case against 'premised entirely circumstantial evidence' nonetheless 'no trouble all proof & N Dec. Immigration Nationality Decisions have heard weighed it its severest form, charges made must be proven beyond reasonable doubt.' guilty. 5 Petitioners' claim is Fourteenth Amendment when request denied. We held today, Duncan versus State Louisiana, 145, 1444, 491, imposes requirement Article III Sixth trials available defendants. also held, Bloom Illinois, 194, 1477, 522, prosecutions are within constitutional guarantee. cases, however, reaffirmed view guarantee does not extend petty crimes. As makes clear, 195—200, S.Ct., 1478—1481, has always been crime sort requires regardless penalty authorized. Alleged contemnors trial, therefore, unless legislature 'petty offense' limit or, if no judgment about can imposed, actually imposed limit. This occasion state precisely where line falls between punishments considered 'petty' those cannot be. From Cheff Schnackenberg, 384 373, 86 1523, 16 629 (1966), clear six-month short enough 'petty.' That holding sufficient resolution this case. Here statutes permitted impose fine $50. therefore offense,' federal right 6 contend admission over timely objection, evidence discovery riding arrested Fourth Amendments. concedes search without warrant, asserts violation 'reasonable.' record appear reckless driving. Whether may constitutionally 'incident' arrest traffic offense, here did take place until custody courthouse street outside. Preston States, 376 364, 84 881, 11 777 (1964), holds such circumstances 'too remote time (be) incidental * *.' U.S., 368, 884. 7 question saved Cooper California, 386 58, 87 788, 17 730 (1967), upheld warrantless impounded 'as pursuant statute. police required seize keep forfeiture proceedings could completed. circumstances, said Court, '(i)t would unreasonable hold police, having retain length time, right, even own protection, it.' 61—62, 791. instant indication purported impound law do so, intended implement purposes custody. seem near merely convenience owner, willing some friend relative McKinney (or himself released custody) away. reasons thus apply here. discussed Cooper, 61, 790, why distinguishable Preston. before us like unlike according each distinguishing tests set forth opinion. 8 Automobile, mobility, warrant facts justifying residence office. Brinegar 338 160, 69 1302, 93 L.Ed. 1879 (1949); Carroll 267 132, 45 280, 543 (1925). cases so have, insisted officers conducting 'reasonable probable cause' believe will find instrumentality pertaining begin search. contain Kirkpatrick, assisted cause petitioners' identified Dodge. He testified: 9 'All got just old make model Kinda car.' contains suggestion enforcement official bullet. far shows, knew only chased 'an car,' speeded up it, hole. placed insufficient justify conclusion McKinney's fruitful. Since shown based cause, need reach whether Brinegar, supra, automobile which, originally highway, courthouse. 12 Because satisfactory showing obtained compliance Amendments, below reversed remanded disposition inconsistent 13 Reversed remanded. 14 HARLAN, whom STEWART joins, concurring. 15 concur case, part Court's dealing produced unlawful BLACK, DOUGLAS dissenting. dictum charged so-called crimes entitled jury. am sure seems classification should used deprive defendant See my dissenting Green 356 165, 193—219, 78 632, 648—661, 672. word exact meaning, better definition than gives desire condemn uncertain fate. 384—393, 1526—1530, (dissenting opinion). My Brother Harlan's dissent Page 171, 1460, points out whippings, 31 lashes inflicted, classified And states six months' punishment petty. loath whippings here, offense punishable behind bars, feel same way. Even though offenses 'petty,' category. Barnett, 681, 727, 984, 1031, 23. reverse remand jury, necessary consider questions decided TennCode Ann. § 23—903 (1955): 'The imprisonment, both; otherwise specially provided, circuit, chancery, appellate courts limited fifty dollars ($50.00), imprisonment exceeding ten (10) days, ($10.00).' Sub nom. Mfg. Co., Steelworkers America, 219 Tenn. 472, 410 South Western Reporter, 2nd 881 rehearing denied, 481, 885 Amendment, respondent calls our attention fact appeal pointed specific Bill Rights provisions. demonstrates rejected contention taken together, frequently party barred failure cite proper provisions lower relevant E.g., Braniff Airways, Nebraska Bd. Equalization Assessment, 347 590, 598—599, 74 757, 762, 98 967 (1954); Gibbs Burke, 337 773, 779, 1247, 1250, 1686 (1949). suggests itself introduced. judge treated 'filed withdrawn.'

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