Legal Document

350 U.S. 214 76 Supreme Court Reporter 292 100 L.Ed. 233 Dantan George REA, Petitioner,v.UNITED STATES of America. Number 30. Argued Nov. 10, 1955. Decided Jan. 16, 1956. Mr. Joseph Atlantic Sommer, for petitioner. Mrs. Beatrice Rosenberg, Washington, D.C., respondent. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion Court. 1 Petitioner was indicted unlawful acquisition marihuana in violation 26 United States Code KF62 § 2593(a), Annotated KF65 U5 2593(a). The indictment, found September 1953, based on evidence obtained by a search warrant issued Commissioner, as authorized Rule 41(a) Rules Criminal Procedure, 18 U.S.C.A., August 1953. moved under 41(e) to suppress ground that improperly 41(c) it insufficient its face, no probable cause existed, and affidavit unsworn statements.1 District granted motion and, Government's later motion, dismissed indictment. No return made. seized indeed contraband. Since crime charged provision Internal Revenue Code, 28 2463, applicable. That section provides against property following words: 2 'All taken or detained any revenue law shall not be repleviable, but deemed custody subject only orders decrees courts having jurisdiction thereof.' And see 2598, 2598. 3 After suppressed evidence, federal narcotics agent swore complaint before New Mexico judge caused petitioner's arrest issue. has now been with being possession awaits trial state court. case petitioner court will made testimony illegal warrant. at least is basis enjoin from testifying respect if out States, direct reacquire destroy transfer other agents. denied Appeals affirmed. 10 Cir., 218 Federal Reporter, 2nd Series 237. here petition certiorari which we because importance enforcement question presented. 348 958, 75 450. 4 briefs oral argument have largely devoted constitutional questions. It said, example, while Fourth Amendment, judicially construed, would bar use this prosecution, Weeks versus 232 383, 34 341, 58 652, our decision Wolf Colorado, 338 25, 69 1359, 93 1782, permit prosecution Moreover, said criminal proceedings run counter Stefanelli Minard, 342 117, 72 118, 96 138. 5 We put all questions one side. problem concerning interplay Fourteenth Amendments nor might make evidence. asked officials way interfere agencies law. Cf. Boske Comingore, 177 459, 20 701, 44 846. relief agent, who result abuse proccess Commissioner. contraband Congress 'subject thereof,' provided already quoted. In posture then raises supervisory powers over agencies. McNabb 318 332, 63 608, 87 819. 6 A violated governing searches seizures—Rules prescribed effective after submission Congress. See 327 821 et seq. power extends policing those requirements making certain they are observed. As stated Wise Henkel, 220 556, 558, 31 599, 600, 55 581, involved an order directing district attorney books papers unlawfully seized: 7 '* * within take return, pass upon it, inherent authority consider decide arising alleged unreasonable exertion connection execution process court.' 8 injunction sought official. remedy who, told, plans his seizure To merely enforce owing obedience them. 9 command affected anything happens They designed standards fact their may condoned practice relevancy problem. sit law; issuing courts. obligation obey Rules. drawn innocent guilty alike. prescribe enforcement. protect privacy citizen, unless strict set seizures satisfied. policy defeated can flout them fruits act either proceedings. Reversed. 11 HARLAN, whom REED, BURTON, MINTON join, dissenting. 12 Without discussion competing interests involved, holds officer should enjoined turning authorities he contravention giving This holding so far departs concepts hitherto considered govern relationships area & N Dec. Immigration Nationality Decisions am constrained dissent. 13 1. injuntion issue available rested Court's 'supervisory agencies.' So know, first time suggested share executive branch Government responsibility supervising activities such. 819, cited Court, stands such proposition. Indeed, excluding trial, careful say: confine ourselves limited function ultimate review standards, formulated applied cases. concerned practices except themselves become instruments enforcement.' page 347, 616. do think brought simply invalid process. Would different had there all? heretofore refused extend rule trials. Stein York, 346 156, 186—188, 73 1077, 1093—1094, 97 1522; Gallegos Nebraska, 55, 63—64, 141, 146 147, 86. 14 2. Nor supported general equity power. For although undeniably case, also discretion withhold equitable when, balance, exercised. On basis, cannot reconciled rationale There, Civil Rights Act, R.S. 1979, 42 1983, claiming rights state-seized saying 'the refuse intervene State even when claimed secured seizure.' Id., 120, 120. 'special delicacy adjustment preserved between administration own law.' same consideration applicable here. distinguishes 'not But seems me illusory, for, recognizes, State's appears depend wholly question; operate quite effectively, albeit indirectly, stultify directly officials. Mexico's advanced Stefanelli. If seek subpoena him honor process? not, how could properly impinge prosecution? Today's represents reversal sound followed Stefanelli; find justification it. 15 3. policies flouted 'use proceedings.' held substance Amendment 'implicit concept ordered liberty" hence enforceable through nevertheless used prosecutions. 1782. so, unable understand exercise deny squared underlying Wolf. operates still sufficient answer, since difference trials courts; each same, nature varies forum. that, convicted means interfered, absent showing more aggravated than record discloses. say interference justified point whenever yet matter race proceeding. believe dependent fortuitous circumstance winning important field federal-state relations. If, hand, requires result—a conclusion disclaimed majority—then regard improvidently issued, given opportunity sitting refuses so. Douglas Jeannette, 319 157, 877, 1324. 16 accommodating enforcement, view left free follow exclusionary forth supra. present step opposite wrong direction. judgment below relevant part follows: 'A sworn commissioner establishing grounds satisfied application exist exist, identifying naming describing person place searched. directed civil assist enforcing thereof President States. issuance names persons whose affidavits support

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