Legal Document

397 U.S. 223 90 Supreme Court Reporter 876 25 United States Reports Lawyer’s Edition 2d Series KF101.8 U54 240 Clifford TAGGART et al., Petitioners,v.WEINACKER'S, INC. Number 74. Argued Jan. 12, 1970. Decided March 9, Bernard Dunau, Washington, D.C., for petitioners. Shayle Pacific KF135 P2 Fox, Chicago, Ill., respondent. PER CURIAM. 1 The complaint in this case was filed January 21, 1965, and the state court issued a temporary injunction on 22, 1965. After hearing, April 1, denied petitioners' motion to dissolve continued it effect. On an appeal taken of Alabama. Over three years later, September 19, 1968, that entered judgment affirmance. petition certiorari here 28, 1969, granted October 13, 1969. 396 813, 52, 24 65. 2 At time Alabama, respondent operated retail grocery drug business premises petitioners picketed. Late 1966, while pending ceased operate business, leasing part space Delchamps, Inc., store, Walgreen's, store. Respondent continues own land building at site maintains office building. enjoins from 'trespassing upon property complainant further interfering with complainant's right ingress egress place until orders Court.' 3 While changed circumstances do not necessarily make controversy moot, they are such that, if known writ acted upon, we would have it. For small embers may remain present threat grave state-federal conflict need sit resolve. 4 In connection one other circumstance should be noted. Alabama found picketing 'obstructed customers using entrances store.' Petitioners complain (a) no evidentiary hearing resolve factual question ever held; (b) rests solely conclusory affidavits; (c) is fundamentally infirm procedure handling facts area First Amendment; (d) there were obstruction remedy enjoining obstruction, generally. Yet phase overshadowed by special as finally clarified oral argument. started public sidewalks around respondent's which removed store parking lot; but soon transferred sidewalk owned maintained respondent, feet 5.5 wide adjacent door where took place. Even under Amalgamated Food Employees Union Local 590 versus Logan Valley Plaza, 391 308, 88 1601, 20 603, union had Amendment picket involved case, matter decide, final analysis come down whether, light physical narrow entrance, following ruling Valley, U.S., 320—321, S.Ct., 1609, applicable: 5 '(T)he exercise rights regulated will unduly interfere normal use members equal access it.' finding based affidavits petitioners, though so, Ala.Code, Tit. 7, § 1055 (1958), counter-affidavits prior issuance injunction.1 Nor did they, their 1061, Code, submit any injunction.2 They did, however, deny 'obstructing leaving or entering' business. But only evidence before courts issue affidavits. That critical, concerning front Petitioners, chose rest jurisdictional grounds. 6 obscure record, sidewalk, customers, coupled fact bare remnant original remains, conclude dismissed improvidently granted. 7 Writ dismissed. 8 Mr. Justice BLACK HARLAN hold San Diego Building Trades Council, Millmen's Union, 2020 Garmon, 359 236, 79 773, 775, State's jurisdiction pre-empted National Labor Relations Board's primary over labor disputes. 9 Chief BURGER, concurring. 10 & N Dec. Immigration Nationality Decisions am accord Court's action dismissing having been As opinion indicates, 'the record' remains' cast serious doubt whether enough us pass claim private employer. 11 record atrophied now remaining little impact—I think none—on 'pre-empted' my view contention these without merit. protection property, home, factory, through trespass laws historically concern law. Congress has never undertaken alter allocation power, provided employer within Act (NLRA) prevent illegal his premises.* Rather, against backdrop general application provide certain protections employees NLRA, 61 Statutes-at-Large 140, 29 Code KF62 157. A holding precluded acting remove law basis congressional leave intact narrower restraint federal thereby artificially create no-law area. 12 Nothing 775 (1959), warrant declare state-law remedies ineffective thus remit person self-help resources he desires redress trespassory picketing. Garmon left power regulate 'peripheral concern' NLRA conduct touches interests 'deeply rooted local feeling responsibility.' (359 243, 244, 779.) Few concepts more rooted' than State protect its citizens. Linn Plant Guard Workers America, 114, 383 53, 86 657, 15 582 (1966), applied exceptions allow malicious libel organizational literature, recognizing acting, absence legal remedy. observed that: 13 'The Board authority grant effective relief aggravates since refusal otherwise actionable wrong creates disrespect encourages victim take matters into hands.' 64 n. 6, 664. 14 entire inappropriate Linn, precisely same reasons. Cf. International Longshoremen's 1416, A.F.L.-C.I.O. Ariadne Shipping Co., 201, 875, (White, J., concurring). Separate memorandum HARLAN. 16 prompted concurring THE CHIEF JUSTICE WHITE (joined STEWART) Ltd., 223, amplify, observations, vote reverse case. 17 thought easy after wherein concluded, broadest terms, either 'arbuably protected' 'arguably prohibited' subject regulation States. cases held apply exclusion rules, does decided first instance accordance policy 'primary jurisdiction' established Act. It concluded pre-emptive notwithstanding barred because failure meet dollar-amount requirements. 18 occurred, trial court, context dispute, ultimately also violence violence. Thus, differences majority, see opinion, 249, 782, regulating arguably 'unprotected' activities, id., 253, 784, decision below falls well range what could considered protected 19 recognize JUSTICE's WHITE's hiatus created when cannot assert jurisdiction, JUSTICE, ante, 223; Broomfield, Preemptive Federal Jurisdiction Concerted Trespassory Activity, 83 Harv.L.Rev. 552 (1970), consideration foreclosed, correctly view, Garmon. erected comprehensive regulatory structure made chief superintendent order assure uniformity experienced agency. Where protected,' diversity decisions subvert envisioned program. expression stand foreclose respect activities,' acted, even wrongs occasionally go partially wholly unredressed. contrary. allusion exacerbating effect vacuum inability 'redress' 'otherwise wrong' implicit 'malicious libel,' published during campaign, determination 'merely peripheral Management Act.' 61, 662. far Association Machinists Gonzales, 356 617, 78 923, 1018 (1958). Section provides: 'Upon injunction, sworn answer defendant bill, both sides introduce themselves witnesses; consideration, judge must determine refused.' 1061 consider bill answer, contains denials allegations independent defensive matter, party introduce.' * See People Goduto, 21 Ill.2d 605, 608—609, 174 North Eastern Reporter, 2nd 385, 387, cert. denied, 368 927, 82 361, 190 (1961); Hood Stafford, 213 Tenn. 684, 694—695, 378 South Western 766, 771 (1964); Moreland Corporation Retail Store 444, A.F.L.—C.I.O., Wis.2d 499, 503, 114 876, 878 (1962); 552, 555, 562—568 (1970).

Classification Label: 9