Document: 333 U.S. 571 68 S.Ct. 708 92 L.Ed. 886 PARKERv.PEOPLE OF STATE ILLINOIS. No. 270. Argued Feb. 13, 1948. Decided April 5, Rehearing Denied May 3, Mr. Harrison Parker, pro se. William C. Wines, of Chicago, Ill., for respondent. Justice DOUGLAS, delivered the opinion Court. 1 Petitioner, who was engaged in litigation Illinois courts with one Shamberg, ordered on a motion discovery to produce certain documents. He produced them by filing clerk courts. Shamberg thereupon moved that petitioner be punished contempt because documents reflected integrity court. After hearing adjudged guilty contempt. The court held order required only documents, not he file so as make public records; and containing statements deemed scurrilous constituted an obstruction justice abuse processes court, tending lessen court's dignity authority.1 Petitioner sentenced jail 90 days. That January 15, 1945. sought writ error Supreme Court review 15. ofe rror refused 23, Later same day trial over petitioner's objection his presence, issued amended adjudging him sentencing This amendment made, it is said, cure defects 15 bring into conformity requirements law. 2 23 before us. did seek take directly Rather, took first Appellate where attack grounds, inter alia, violated First Fourteenth Amendments Federal Constitution. But consider those constitutional questions. It sustained state grounds. 328 Ill.App. 46, 65 N.E.2d 457. On affirmed judgment 396 Ill. 583, 72 848. likewise questions which presented. For well-settled law if appellant takes case errors are assigned has jurisdiction, have waived any People v. Rosenthal, 370 244, 247, 18 450, 125 A.L.R. 1271; McDonnell, 377 568, 569, 37 159. reason neither below passed federal tendered petitioner.2 See 55, 457; 587, circumstance had taken cause except this from rule practice. 3 Central Union Telephone Co. City Edwardsville, 269 190, 46 90, 70 229, been failure follow its procedure would entertained here. nature presented present seemed us warrant grant petition certiorari determine whether Edwardsville applicable peculiar circumstances 4 When rights involved, course, finally designed State their protection constitutes waiver them. Davis O'Hara, 266 314, 45 104, 69 303; supra. said when founded comply appellate practiceof question turns practice gives litigants 'a reasonable opportunity issue claimed right heard determined' pages 194, 195, at page 91, 229. there requiring refusing satisfied requirement. We adhere decision. channel through questions, raised order, could all wy clearly marked, also open unobstructed. 5 appears here critical stages represented counsel record. lawyer choice plain. Under these plainly upon acting decided made involved abandonment issues proceedings. There suggestion useless try since access denied sought. even though attempt may futile,3 seeking under 23. answer say went 15.4 stands committed; reviewed case. Nor denial earlier foundation certiorari. Review Petition filed August 1947. His timely challanges order.5 presents involves, does, order. 6 result no different orders treated being substance separate point time form. regarded merely interlocutory version fact remains latter but Court, consequences we indicated. find more unreasonable require second appeal than do so, does refuses lower absent highest State, mere formality governed established appeal. McComb County Commissioners Knox County, 91 1, 185; Great Western Telegraph Burnham, 162 339, 16 850, 40 991. 7 suggested final within meaning § 237 Judicial Code, 28 U.S.C. 344, U.S.C.A. brought until resolved nothing other ministerial acts left done once direct Cf. Richfield Oil Corporation Board Equalization, 329 69, 72, 73, 67 156, 158. Any further proceedings solely option petitioner. In circumstances, less purposes our jurisdictional statute grounds.6 consequence inherent formulated Cityo f 8 Affirmed. 9 RUTLEDGE, whom BLACK MURPHY agree, dissenting. 10 imprisonment complying specified Technically show why should produced. objections were overruled complied bringing clerk.1 Thereupon cited days jail. 11 Whether or given ground punishment they published voluntarily petitioner,2 effect coupled production3 compel publish then send obeying Entick Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1073. I know power permits force citizen such dilemma, think most elementary conception due process Amendment forbids action. 12 Yet now acquiesces substantial unconstitutional deprivation liberty accepting asserted procedural substantive which, my opinion, comports basic conceptions commitment. Constitutional nullified quite readily completely hypertechnical obstructions effective assertion maintenance outright denial. Marino Ragen, 332 561, concurring 563, 240, 241. 13 entire basis Court's action original so-called orders; taking rather seems simple 'wel -settled law' both route, previously determined heard. 14 cannot accept nullification involving individual. reality Moreover, prior 'well-settled apprise intermediate constitute these, already supreme And finally, contrary true, doctrine 'scurrilous affidavits' led two occasions. response inspection. part Shamberg's occasion included pleadings relevant defense therein true.4 filings.5 specifically referred twice before, identified carefully stated 'should reference incorporated hereof greater certainty.' At ter again listed 'hereby set forth herein.' Thus gave rise matter record 17 absolutely identical immaterial exception addition 'made marked Exhibits 'A' 'B' respectively.' change probably explained cases Hogan, 256 496, 100 N.E. 177, holding limited itself. respondent called attention incorporation insufficient Indeed very proceeding indicates requirement strictly applied. aside tone pleading charges pleading, justified answer. 60—68, assumed necessary satisfy trivial obviously affect merits allegations. obtained contentions offered him. denying must presumed inconceivable differently amanded later requested. For, far concerned, likely settled. might reversed decision, denied. failed twice. definitely results circumstances. respondent's brief initially none after having deny application review. applications avoid rights. exist certainly reasonable.6 Consequently am unable agree applied deprive man personal freedom violation case.7 20 By stating challenges repeats mistake treating something entirely distinct viewed same, timeliness. core determination situation therefore things remaining Here, do, great deal namely, case.8 decision relation split this, sending tribunal another. Until entered 19, 1947, judgment, terminated 'by fully determining parties.' Gospel Army Los Angeles, 331 543, 546, 1428, 1430. adjudicated. Hence met insuperable obstacle without want judgment.9 21 thus placed arising stage followed course afforded securing against barred coming remained decisions final. surmount hurdle place go, him, step going Its adverse closed trap dispositive whole controversy rendered, way opened instant door closed, 'waived' ruling rehearing. 22 can imagine better annihilate rights, substantively procedurally, dovetailing limitations ones. To secure here, mus exhaust remedies. exhausts remedies 'waives' waiver. nullification. Congress intended countenance finality conjunction procedures, cut off authorization reviewing judgments enacted safeguard. 24 finality, assure invasion supra, contemplated paradox.10 Nor, knowledge, As waive either failing 1945, steps appealed 25 reversed. contents 50—54, Ill.Rev.Stat. c. 110, 199 (1947). include see criminal well civil cases. Terrill, 362 61, 97; supra; challenged appear assume favorably seeks adjudicated Sec. 8(a) Judiciary Act February 1925, 43 Stat. 936, 940, 350, 350. If, hand, pass well. Groome Freyn Engineering Co., 374 113, 274; Kelly, 367 616, 618, 612; Geiger Merle, 360 497, 505, 507, 196 497. slight deviation accurate compliance directive. counsel, minuscule. furnished sufficient basis, more, sustaining commitment disobedience. indeed rest ground. rested grounds 'filing affidavit exhibits * (court's) processes, tended (its) authority *.' Obviously entering note 3. Craig Harney, 367, 1249; Pennekamp Florida, 331, 66 1295; Bridges California, 314 252, 62 86 192, 159 1346. makes weak effort order's attempting distinguish between production. production shown or, event, support produce. never truth slander Since dismissed trial, interest pointed out discussed infra: 'When considered light Parker demanded jury case, reasonably clear ruled petition, evident purpose prejudge facts insisted submitted jury.' 63, 457, 464. additional based still another asking producing Among stated: '(Shamberg's) highly provocative effect. some contention provoke making statement subject prosecution Parker's argument answer, relies, many court? serious Puritan Church fairly temperate pleading.' 67, 68, 466. Even opinions enlighten future mention 457 declared bind us, unless unfair asserting obstruct it.' 91,7 0 These Prudential Ins. America Cheek, 252 567, 343, 64 719; Id., 259 530, 42 516, 1044, 27 27. ascertain 15th denied, allow presumption determinative citizen's liberty. Williams Kaiser, 323 471, 478, 363, 89 398, authorities cited. implicitly adjudicating remain unresolved. however, express assumption 'together case.' (Emphasis added.) Of settles issues.

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