Document: 511 U.S. 375114 S.Ct. 1673128 L. Ed. 2d 391 Matt T. KOKKONEN, Petitionerv.GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICASUPREME COURT THE UNITED STATES No. 93-263 ON WRIT CERTIORARI TO APPEALS FOR NINTH CIRCUIT. Decided: May 16, 1994. Scalia, J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court.JUSTICE SCALIA of Court. 1 After respondent Guardian Life Insurance Company*n1 terminated petitioner's general agency agreement, petitioner brought suit in California Superior Court alleging various state-law claims. Respondent removed case to United States District Eastern on basis diversity jurisdiction and filed counterclaims. closing arguments but before Judge instructed jury, parties arrived at an oral agreement settling all claims counterclaims, substance which they recited, record, chambers. In April 1992, pursuant Federal Rule Civil Procedure 41(a)(1)(ii), executed Stipulation Order Dismissal With Prejudice, dismissing complaint cross-complaint. On 13, signed under notation "It is so ordered." The did not reserve enforce settlement agreement; indeed, it much as refer agreement. 2 Thereafter disagreed obligation return certain files 21 moved opposed ground, inter alia, that court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. entered enforcement order, asserting "inherent power" do so. Enforcing Settlement, (ED Cal., Aug. 19, 1992), App. 180. Petitioner appealed, relying solely his jurisdictional objection. Appeals Ninth Circuit affirmed, quoting its Wilkinson v. FBI, 922 F.2d 555, 557 (CA9 1991), effect after dismissal action "'district has decide [enforcement] motion[] inherent supervisory power.'" Pet. Cert. A-5 (Apr. 27, 1993) (unpublished), judgt. order reported 993 883 (1993) (final brackets original). We granted certiorari, 510 (1993). 3 courts are limited They possess only power authorized by Constitution statute, see Willy Coastal Corp., 503 , (1992) (slip op., 4-5); Bender Williamsport Area School Dist., 475 534, 541 (1986), be expanded judicial decree, American Fire & Casualty Co. Finn, 341 6 (1951). It presumed cause lies outside this jurisdiction, Turner President Bank North-America, 4 Dall. 8, 11 (1799), burden establishing contrary rests upon party McNutt General Motors Acceptance 298 178, 182-183 (1936). issued provides "by filing stipulation who have appeared action," causes with prejudice if (as here) specifies. Neither nor any provision law over disputes arising out produces stipulation. must emphasized what seeks merely reopening dismissed reason breach was dismissal. Some Courts held latter can obtained 60(b)(6).*n2 See, e.g., Keeling Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Assn., 937 408, 410 1991); Fairfax Countywide Citizens Assn. County, 571 1299, 1302-1303 (CA4 1978). But Sawka Healtheast, Inc., 989 138, 140-141 (CA3 (breach insufficient set aside 60(b)(6) grounds); Harman Pauley, 678 479, 480-481 1982) (Rule does require vacating whenever been breached). Enforcement however, whether through award damages or decree specific performance, more than just continuation renewal suit, hence requires own 5 relies doctrine ancillary recognizes federal courts' some matters (otherwise beyond their competence) incidental other properly them. appeals our statement (quoting then-current treatise equity) Julian Central Trust Co., 193 93 (1904): "A bill continue former litigation same . obtain secure fruits, benefits advantages proceedings judgment additional equitable relief regard to, connected with, growing of, proceeding rendered court, suit." Id., 113-114 (citing C Bates, Equity § 97 (1901)). hardly criticized being overly rigid precise, we think stretch far suggests. expansive language countered (equally inaccurate) dicta later cases provide excessively description doctrine. Fulton Nat. Atlanta Hozier, 267 276, 280 (1925) ("No controversy regarded dependent unless direct relation property assets actually constructively drawn into court's possession control principal suit"). holding remotely permissive language: based fact prior foreclosure, had expressly reserved adjudicate against judicially conveyed property, retake resell found valid were paid. U.S., 109-112. 7 holdings cases, rather dicta, attend, find none them has, purposes otherwise nonexistent relied relationship tenuous produced earlier suit. Generally speaking, asserted (in very broad sense term sometimes used) two separate, though related, purposes: (1) permit disposition single are, varying respects degrees, factually interdependent, see, Baker Gold Seal Liquors, 417 467, 469, n. (1974); Moore New York Cotton Exchange, 270 593, 610 (1926); (2) enable function successfully, is, manage proceedings, vindicate authority, effectuate decrees, Chambers NASCO, 501 32 (1991) (power compel payment opposing party's attorney's fees sanction misconduct); Hudson, Cranch 32, 34 (1812) (contempt maintain during proceedings). See generally 13 C. Wright, A. Miller, E. Cooper, Practice 3523 (1984); cf. 28 U.S.C. 1367 (1988 ed., Supp. IV). 8 these heads supports present assertion As first, facts underlying respondent's claim those nothing each other; would neither necessary even particularly efficient adjudicated together. No ours asserts, concept permits us assert, part consideration court. 9 second head relating protect both appear upon, judging from references power," A-2 A-5; think, asked here quite remote perform functions. recognized authority appoint counsel investigate prosecute violation order. Young ex rel. Vuitton et Fils S. A., 481 787 (1987). dismissed, no way flouted imperiled alleged situation different parties' comply terms made -- either separate (such "retaining jurisdiction" agreement) incorporating event, therefore exist. That, here. judge's mere awareness approval suffice make 10 short matter this: involves contract, statute makes connection (if constitutionally could) federal-court contract dispute. determined such breaches automatic contracts essential conduct business. If wish dismissal-producing seek When 41(a)(2), specifies "shall plaintiff's instance save conditions deems proper," compliance (or "retention contract) may, discretion, one forth Even when, occurred here, 41(a)(1)(ii) (which empower attach dismissal) embody (or, effect, retain agree. Absent action, state courts, there independent reverse remand further consistent opinion. 12 ordered. Disposition 883, reversed remanded. 14 ________________________________________ Footnotes 15 *n1 sole respondent. Annuity Corporation Investor Services listed appellees below, trial. 16 *n2 relevant reads follows: 17 "On motion just, may relieve legal representative final judgment, following reasons: (6) justifying operation judgment."

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