Document: 347 U.S. 497 74 S.Ct. 693 98 L.Ed. 884 BOLLING et al.v.SHARPE al. No. 8. Reargued Dec. 8, 9, 1953. Decided May 17, 1954. Messrs. George E. C. Hayes, James M. Nabrit, Washington, D.C., for petitioners. Mr. Milton D. Korman, respondents. Chief Justice WARREN delivered the opinion of Court. 1 This case challenges validity segregation in public schools District Columbia. The petitioners, minors Negro race, allege that such deprives them due process law under Fifth Amendment. They were refused admission to a school attended by white children solely because their race. sought aid Court Columbia obtaining admission. That court dismissed complaint. granted writ certiorari before judgment Appeals importance constitutional question presented. 344 873, 73 173, 97 676. 2 We have this day held Equal Protection Clause Fourteenth Amendment prohibits states from maintaining racially segregated schools.1 legal problem is somewhat different, however. Amendment, which applicable Columbia, does not contain an equal protection clause as applies only states. But concepts and process, both stemming our American ideal fairness, are mutually exclusive. 'equal laws' more explicit safeguard prohibited unfairness than 'due law,' and, therefore, we do imply two always interchangeable phrases. But, has recognized, discrimination may be so unjustifiable violative process.2 3 Classifications based upon race must scrutinized with particular care, since they contrary traditions hence constitutionally suspect.3 As long ago 1896, declared principle 'that constitution United States, its present form, forbids, far civil political rights concerned, general government, or states, against any citizen his race.'4 And Buchanan v. Warley, 245 60, 38 16, 62 149, statute limited right property owner convey person another was, unreasonable discrimination, denial law. 4 Although assumed define 'liberty' great precision, term confined mere freedom bodily restraint. Liberty extends full range conduct individual free pursue, it cannot restricted except proper governmental objective. Segregation education reasonably related objective, thus imposes on burden constitutes arbitrary deprivation liberty violation Due Process Clause. 5 In view decision Constitution schools, would unthinkable same impose lesser duty Federal Government.5 hold racial guaranteed Constitution. 6 For reasons set out Brown Board Education, will restored docket reargument Questions previously propounded 345 972, 1114, 1388. 7 It ordered. 8 Case appropriate decree. 483, 686. Detroit Bank 317 329, 63 297, 87 304; Currin Wallace, 306 1, 13—14, 59 379, 386, 83 441; Steward Machine Co. Davis, 301 548, 585, 57 883, 890, 81 1279. Korematsu 323 214, 216, 65 193, 194, 89 194; Hirabayashi 320 81, 100, 1375, 1385, 1774. Gibson Mississippi, 162 565, 591, 16 904, 910, 40 1075. Cf. Steele Louisville & Nashville R. Co., 192, 198—199, 226, 230, 173. Hurd Hodge, 334 24, 68 847, 92 1187.

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