Document: 346 U.S. 379 74 S.Ct. 145 98 L.Ed. 106 BANKERS LIFE & CASUALTY CO.v.HOLLAND, Chief Judge of United States District Court Southern Fla. et al. No. 16. Argued Oct. 12, 13, 1953. Decided Nov. 30, Mr. Charles F. Short, Jr., Chicago, Ill., for petitioners. M. H. Blackshear, Atlanta, Ga., respondents. Justice CLARK delivered the opinion Court. 1 The question here is whether mandamus an appropriate remedy to vacate a severance and transfer order entered by district judge on ground improper venue, under 28 U.S.C. § 1406(a), U.S.C.A. 1406(a).1 2 This case arises out treble damage action brought petitioner, Illinois insurance corporation, in Florida, alleging conspiracy injure petitioner's business, violation Sherman Clayton Acts, 15 seq. complaint named as defendants commissioners Georgia one other individual, four companies residing transacting business Florida. commissioner, Cravey, was personally served Northern Florida and, without entering his appearance or waiving moved quash summons return service dismiss him from venue. 3 applicable venue statute private actions antitrust laws, 15, allows suit 'in any court which defendant resides found has agent * *.' It admitted that Commissioner Cravey not resident but petitioner contends 'was member whose members were carrying illegal partnership co-conspirators are each other's agents *' therefore 'found' had 'agents' district, within meaning statute. In furtherance its theory alleged overt acts committed Commissioner, well codefendants, where filed. respondent held jurisdiction Rule 4(f) Rules Civil Procedure, U.S.C.A., process having been held, however, properly laid pursuant ordered severed transferred resided. Petitioner then sought writ Appeals compel set aside transfer. dismissed petition it remedy. 5 Cir., 199 F.2d 593. Because importance effective administration federal law we granted certiorari. 345 933, 73 796. 4 At outset appears be agreed over Florida.2 However, 'power' only if improperly when proper does exist. insists aforesaid district; void being interlocutory no appeal would lie; mandamus. While admits eventually may reviewed final judgment case, insurmountable procedural difficulties requiring appeals from, reversals of, judgments both render speculative, ineffective inadequate preventing needless expense, hardship judicial inconvenience. Wherefore, says, extraordinary appropriate. We circumstances this inappropriate. 6 All Writs Act grants courts power issue 'all writs necessary aid their respective jurisdictions agreeable usages principles law.' 1651(a), 1651(a). As pointed Roche v. Evaporated Milk Ass'n, 1943, 319 21, 26, 63 938, 941, 87 1185, 'traditional use appellate at common confine inferior lawful exercise prescribed authority duty do so.' Here, subject matter person due course litigation rule motion. contention acting motion ordering he exceeded legal powers error ousted jurisdiction. But need run gauntlet reversible errors. ruling decisive presented Cravey's replication made court's decide issues before it. Ex parte American Steel Barrel Co., 1913, 230 35, 45—46, 33 1007, 1010, 1011, 57 1379; Roe, 1914, 234 70, 73, 34 722, 723, 58 1217. Its decision against even erroneous—which pass upon—involved abuse power, supra, reviewable upon after judgment.3 If applied reasoning advanced every wrong might Act. office enlarged actually control trial rather than used traditional function confining strictly circumscribing piecemeal appeal,4 Congress must have realized some orders erroneous. supplementary review conferred meant exceptional there clear discretion 'usurpation power' sort justify De Beers Consolidated Mines States, 1945, 325 212, 217, 65 1130, 1133, 89 1566. such case. 7 urged, prevent 'judicial inconvenience hardship' occasioned delayed until judgment. established cannot substitutes appeals, Fahey, 1947, 332 258, 259 260, 67 1558, 1559, 91 2041, though result delay perhaps unnecessary trial, Alkali Export Ass'n 196, 202—203, 1120, 1124, 1125, 1554; page 31, 944, 1185; whatever done with Rowland, 1882, 104 604, 617, 26 831. assume that, contends, defeats objective trying related single will give rise myriad practical problems courts; contemplated those conditions providing reviewable. special present cases cites.5 Furthermore, exist remain, transfer, realm same denied writ, since districts circuit; adequate afforded conflicts anticipated. 8 note additionally met burden showing right issuance 'clear indisputable'. Duell, 1899, 172 576, 582, 19 286, 287, 43 559. criminal laws lies formed part carried act thereof,6 placed definite limits actions. Certainly so doing many lie all defendants, unless waived. must, therefore, proceedings filed separate originally. Thus earmarks frivolous albeit ingenious attempt expand 9 adhere language pages 259—260, 2041: 10 'Mandamus, prohibition injunction judges drastic remedies. doubt writs. they unfortunate consequence making litigant, obliged obtain personal counsel leave defense litigants him. These remedies should resorted clearly remedies, reserved really causes.' 11 Affirmed. 12 DOUGLAS concurs result. 13 FRANKFURTER, whom JACKSON MINTON join, dissenting. 14 presents situations regard canons governing Court's certiorari calls dismissal improvidently granted. 1. Whatever view take scope requirement Act, doubted section precludes Insurance 'resides agent' consented, formal form waiver, sued there. 16 He neither consented nor waiver. On contrary, stood gave resisted amenability 17 2. basis, record us, claim subjected suggestion charges between who reside latter thereby became now characterizes 'frivolous.' Presumably why grant restricted 1.1 18 3. co-conspirator 'agent' purposes conclude finding could kept suit. Once let out, discussion becomes irrelevant gratuitous. Obviously mandamused put proposed into unquestioned out. 4. Since volume confronts permitted examined passing been, feel ourselves bound discuss kind careful consideration given argument.2 20 5. too easy dispose assumption here. short important answer Taft behalf whole Layne Bowler Corp. Western Well Works, Inc., 261 387, 393, 422, 423, 712. 21 'If suggested much effort time conflict enabled us merits, very consistent granting except involving settlement public distinguished parties, real embarrassing Circuit Courts Appeal. certainly comes head.'3 22 more compelling dismissal, arise. 23 6. Discussion useful dicta future guidance issue. 24 help party reasons obviously necessarily leaves open mandamus, awaiting completion entire litigation, postponement involve protracted entailing heavy costs great Compare Skinner Eddy Corp., 265 86, 95—96, 44 446, 448, 68 912, R.I. P.R. 255 273, 41 288, 631. ought called hold refused entertain 'frivolous' claim, holding today. 'The laying division shall dismiss, interest justice, brought.' Procedure: 'Territorial Limits Effective Service. subpoena anywhere territorial state provides, beyond state. A provided 45.' See Gulf Research Development Co. Leahy, 1951, 193 302. §§ 1291, 1292, 1292. Simons, 1918, 247 231, 38 497, 62 1094; supra; supra. also 1932, 287 241, 53 129, 77 283; State Maryland Soper, 1926, 270 9, 46 185, 70 449. Trenton Potteries 1927, 273 392, 402—403, 47 377, 381, 71 700; Socony-Vacuum Oil 1940, 310 150, 252—253, 60 811, 857, 858, 84 1129. questions follows: '1. Is unwarranted renunciation duplicity trials enforce forum? '2. Where non-resident conspirator (15 15), excess 1406(a) (28 1406(a))? '3. when, although another state, has, physically times through agency co-conspirators, engaged substantial injury plaintiff's business? '4. Are 15) business?' noted during last Term disposed 1,286 cases. Hammerstein Superior Court, 341 491, 820, 95 1135, recent instance argument took look

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