Document: 339 U.S. 594 70 S.Ct. 870 94 L.Ed. 1088 EWING, Federal Security Administrator, et al.v.MYTINGER & CASSELBERRY, Inc. No. 568. Argued April 19—20, 1950. Decided May 29, Rehearing Denied Oct. 16, See 71 69. Mr. Robert L. Stern, Washington, D.C., for appellants. Charles S. Rhyne, appellee. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of Court. 1 This is an appeal1 from a three-judge District Court specially constituted on appellee's application injunction to restrain enforcement portion Act Congress repugnance Due Process Clause Fifth Amendment.2 2 Section 304(a) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 52 Stat. 1044, 21 U.S.C. § 334(a), as amended, 62 582, U.S.C.Supp. III U.S.C.A. permits multiple seizures misbranded articles 'when Administrator has probable cause believe facts found, without hearing, by him or any officer employee Agency that article dangerous health, labeling fraudulent, would be in material respect misleading injury damage purchaser consumer.'3 3 Appellee exclusive national distributor Nutrilite Food Supplement, encapsulated concentrate alfalfa, water cress, parsley, synthetic vitamins combined package with mineral tablets. There no claim ingredients preparation are harmful health. The sole was, use statutory words, 'misleading consumer' therefore was 'misbranded' when introduced into interstate commerce. 4 indeed administrative finding behind eleven resulting number libel suits, between September December, 1948. misbranding, it resulted booklet which accompanied preparation.4 Shortly thereafter present suit instituted have seizure provision declared unconstitutional dismiss all cases except first one instituted. held appellants had acted arbitrarily capriciously violation Amendment instituting suits affording appellee hearing issue; under Amendment; should permanently enjoined action raising accompanying misbranding since not false, misleading. 87 F.Supp. 650. 5 First. required merely prerequisite bringing lawsuit. When libels filed owner opportunity appear claimant full before court.5 we conclude, satisfies requirements due process. 6 At times preliminary decision agency step proceeding. We repeatedly at stage process so long requisite final order becomes effective. Lichter v. United States, 334 742, 68 1294, 92 1694; Inland Empire Council Millis, 325 697, 65 1316, 89 1877; Opp Cotton Mills Wage Hour Division Dept. Labor, 312 126, 61 524, 85 624. 7 But this case does go far. Here determining whether judicial proceeding Moreover, its cause, while necessary seizures, effect itself. All proceedings violations must brought name States. 307. Whether will depends Attorney General, agency. He may accept agency's recommendation. If he does, made dependent discretion General. 8 It said these decisions can irreparable business. And they can. impact initiation often serious. Take grant jury. returns indictment against man hearing. determine his guilt; only determines there guilty. determination conclusive issue cause. As result defendant arrested trial. Beavers Henkel, 194 73, 85, 24 605, 607, 48 882; Ex parte 287 241, 250, 53 129, 131, 77 283. reputation liberty man. same true where prosecutor files information charging law. harm property business also incalculable mere institution proceedings. Yet never been hand government stayed until courts justified courts. Discretion official abused. requirement inquiry exercised. sufficient, rights concerned, some determination. Phillips Commissioner Internal Revenue, 283 589, 596—597, 51 608, 611, 75 1289; Bowles Willingham, 321 503, 520, 64 641, 650, 88 892; Yakus 414, 442—443, 660, 675, 676, 834. 9 One oldest examples summary destruction prior notice protection public constitutional reason why interests consumer extend area control. did here, even harmless if allowed sold panaceas man's ills. A matter right, arise because danger more apparent immediate than other. For know most come fraudulent labels. That Congress, us. make cannot say requires stage. 10 Second. jurisdiction review 11 itself binding legal consequence valuation Interstate Commerce Commission States Los Angeles S.L.R. Co., 273 299, 47 413, 651. took exercise part pointed out above, bring play Judicial such unique willing easily infer exists. 12 phase procedure fit scheme nor serve policy Act. numerous determinations reviewable courts.6 place category. highly selective manner provided reinforces inference granted suit. Cf. Switchmen's Union North American National Mediation Board, 320 297, 305—306, 95, 99, 61. 13 purpose plain. arrest distribution dangerous, whose misleading, pending adulteration misbranding. stake jurisdictional in, stay regulation halt hears case, denied speedy seizures. enough vitamin relatively innocuous. treats every 'misbranded article' respect—whether 'dangerous health,' 'fraudulent,' materially consumer.'7 What do today court but one, other cases. means protect consumers injurious consequences protracted then seriously impaired. weighed potential purveyor temporary interference decided favor speedy, preventive device impair destroy effectiveness sanctioned entail. Multiple afforded public. Consolidation trial had8 relief distributors articles.9 14 Reversed. 15 BURTON concurs result. 16 CLARK consideration case. 17 FRANKFURTER, dissenting. 18 While I agree issues canvassed opinion, am unable answer JACKSON'S dissent, yield it. 19 Of course constitutionally vest judicially unreviewable executive initiate stop trafficking pernicious drugs those harmless, efficacy misrepresented. done 1938. 1040, 301 seq., seq. follow thereby cut off right access prove enforcing within broadest bounds fair discretion, rare occasion attempt however improbable success. 20 Such understand nature below basis Court's decree. Unless say, cannot, findings support evidence, hold entertain limited sustained falls precisely qualification left open leading sustaining power agencies. urged deny 'extreme cases' were put showing 'how reckless arbitrary might Executive officers,' answer: 22 'It time deal arise. Suffice rarely, ever, felt themselves restrained technical rules could find remedy, consistent law, acts individual persons, violated natural justice hostile fundamental principles devised essential property.' Monongahela Bridge Co. 216 177, 195, 30 356, 361, 54 435. 23 Harlan, speaking Court, cast thought language current time. words outmoded controls, believe, JACKSON, 25 what appears ultimate below. 26 three judges wrote forty-three detailed fact require twenty printed pages reproduce summarize 1,500-page record Those largely undisputed evidence sources. criticize reverse them. 27 substance Government multiplicity actions, widely separated parts country, harass dealers intending actions attendant publicity injure tried. This, held, emergency, product being, worst, having marketed years knowledge Department. 28 Assuming face defective, question remains misused refusal together anticipation law amount abuse 29 sought received circumstances less this. Landis 299 248, 57 163, 81 153. holding contention here entitled apply statute designed heard own defense frivolous, least. constrained withhold assent passes silence think presents serious issue. 928, 961, §§ 1253, 2101, 2101. 968, 2282, 2284, 2284. quoted reads follows: 'Any food, drug, device, cosmetic adulterated commerce sale (whether sale) after shipment commerce, not, provisions section 404 505, shall liable proceeded thereafter, condemned district found: Provided, however, condemnation alleged based upon pending, limitation (1) judgment criminal, injunction, (2) consumer.' Booklet, How Get Well Stay Well, used salesmen soliciting prospective customers. version 1947 represented 'cured greatly helped' 'common ailments' 'Low blood pressure, Ulcers, Mental depression, Pyorrhea, Muscular twitching, Rickets, Worry over small things, Tonsilitis, Hay Fever, Sensitiveness noise, Underweight, Easily tired, Gas Stomach, Cuts heal slowly, Faulty vision, Headache, Constipation, anemia, Boils, Flabby Hysterical tendency, Eczema, Overweight, memory, Lack ambition, Certain bone conditions, Nervousness, Nosebleed, Insomnia (sleeplessness), Allergies, Asthma, Restlessness, Bad skin color, Poor appetite, Biliousness, Neuritis, Night blindness, Migraine, High Sinus trouble, concentration, Dental caries, Irregular heartbeat, Colitis, Craving sour foods, Arthritis (rheumatism), Neuralgia, Deafness, Subject colds.' now Southern California Lee Mytinger William, Casselberry After indictment, revised booklet. Direct curative claims eliminated. 41—52 devoted histories explaining ailments diabetes, feeblemindedness, stomach pains, sneezing weeping. Appellant Crawford, Associate Drugs, concluded On 30, 1948, recommended shipments. ordered remove 37 58 contained histories. remained dangers prevalence illness, described discovery Nutrilite, who wanted get well well. December 2, appellant Larrick, Assistant Foods seizure. Six new added 9, Dunbar, further 304(b) provides part: 'The pursuant libel, conform, nearly be, admiralty; demand either party joined tried jury.' Review refusing permit drug become effective suspending authorized 505(h), 355(h), 355(h). Orders connection issuing, amending, repealing regulations 401, 403(j), 404(a), 406(a) (b), 501(b), 502(d), 502(h), 504, 604 expressly 701(e) (f), 371(e) 371(e, f). note 3, supra. Sec. 'When section, involving two jurisdictions, proceedings, seasonably jurisdiction, consolidated courts, selected pending; agreed stipulation parties. consolidation reasonable time, (after giving attorney heard) order, unless good contrary shown, specify proximity claimant's principal business, removal date fixed. granting give prompt notification thereof covered thereby.' through measure actions.

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