Document: 363 U.S. 405 80 S.Ct. 1139 4 L.Ed.2d 1299 Diamond KIMM, Petitioner,v.George K. ROSENBERG, District Director, Immigration and Naturalization Service. No. 139. Argued May 16 17, 1960. Decided June 13, Mr. Joseph Forer, Washington, D.C., for petitioner. John F. Davis, respondent. PER CURIAM. 1 Petitioner applied suspension of an order directing his deportation to Korea or permitting voluntary departure. He does not question the validity order, but contends that he is within eligible statutory class whose may be suspended at discretion Attorney General. § 19(c) Act 1917, as amended. Relief on this score was denied basis General has no power exercise in regard since petitioner failed prove eligibility under section Internal Security 1950. 2 Before hearing officer, asked if a member Communist Party. refused answer, claiming Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination. The officer grounds had person good moral character met requirement showing affiliated with Board Appeals affirmed latter ground, did Court Appeals. Kimm v. Hoy, 263 F.2d 773. 3 presented 'clear affirmative evidence' which stands uncontradicted burden Government show affiliations, any, disqualifying factor Party membership exception must prove. We think not. Rather than proviso, it absolute disqualification, aliens carved out its very beginning by words 'other one whom subsection (d) applicable.1 Subsection (d)2 referred deportable October 16, 1918. Section 22 1950 amended 1918 include Communists,3 thus terminated discretionary authority any alien who because offered evidence point, although regulations place him proof 'the requirements precedent relief.' 8 CFR, 1949 ed., 151.3(e), amended, 15 Fed.Reg. 7638. This regulation completely consistent 19(c). language section, contrast provisions governing deportation, imposes general upon applicant. It follows applicant suspension, 'a matter administrative grace,' ex rel. Hintopoulos Shaughnessy, 1957, 353 72, 77, 77 618, 621, 652, must, request General, supply such information knowledge direct bearing statute. may, course, grace through duly delegated agents. Jay Boyd, 1956, 351 345, 76 919, 100 L.Ed. 1242. Perhaps justified personal refusal answer—a we do pass upon—but relieve statute establishing first place. 5 Affirmed. 6 Justice DOUGLAS, CHIEF JUSTICE BLACK concur, dissenting. 7 become much fashion impute wrongdoing impose punishment invoking constitutional rights.1 Lloyd Barenblatt served jail sentence First rights. See United States, 360 109, 79 1081, 1115. As written, Dr. Willard Uphaus, consequence our decision Uphaus Wyman, 1040, 1090, New Hampshire rights guaranteed Fourteenth Amendments. So mathematician, Horace Chandler invoked House Un-American Activities Committee. Davis Cir., 269 357. Today allow invocation serve, effect though terms, lacks 'good character' have dispensing powers entrusted import what underlined fact there shred bad record alien. fully satisfied shown record. entered student 1928 pursued studies until 1938. planned return outbreak hostilities between China Japan 1937 changed mind. Since 1938 been continuously employed gainful occupations. That sole deportability.2 shows criminal convictions, nothing could bring stigma man. His employment manager produce company, chemist, foundry worker, O.S.S. during part World War II. also self-employed printing business, publishing paper 'Korean Independence.' No came forward testify Communist. There word time. only thing way being Amendment. 9 says about need never If Amendment, can would still ineligible suspension? me unthinkable. Presumption innocence too deeply ingrained system believe negative. What case comes down simply this: creates suspicions doubts cloud alien's claim character. 10 Imputation guilt protection carries us back some centuries hated oath officio used both Star Chamber High Commission. Refusal answer contempt.3 Thus started English-speaking world great rebellion oaths either violated conscience witness were obtain him. Ullmann 350 422, 445—449, 497, 510—512, 511 (dissenting opinion). 11 I assumed neutral act, guilt. pointed Slochower Education, 551, 557—558, 637, 641, 692: 'The serves protect innocent otherwise might ensnared ambiguous circumstances.' re-emphasized view Grunewald 391, 421, 963, 982, 931: 'Recent re-examination history meaning emphasized anew basic functions men.' 12 went further Konigsberg State Bar, 252, 267, 722, 730, 810, Schware Bar Examiners, 232, 246, 752, 760, 796, held even past itself 13 therefore today make marked departure from when attach penalty reliance terms not, cannot, rest ground gave Yet precisely same. In so holding disregard and, manner despised officio, attribute answer. seems indefensible courts act Constitution draw inference deemed important free society embedded Bill Rights. 14 BRENNAN, DOUGLAS join, Suspension States discretion, law. McGrath Kristensen, 340 162, 169, 71 224, 229, 95 173. statute, suspension; stand fall court. Securities & Exchange Comm. Chenery Corp., 318 80, 87, 63 454, 459, 87 626. Board's determination ineligibility seriously defends here finding §§ 1918, 40 Stat. 1012, 1950, 64 1006, 1008. Those retroactively made time entry into States; 19 1917 Act, 39 889, later amended,1 petitioner's determined, those deportation. 17 been, scarcely be, controverted bear demonstrating, proceedings, deportability alien; whatever exceptions rule be,2 established relevant where post-entry misconduct charged deportability, Government's. Hughes Tropello, 296 306, 309; Werrmann Perkins, 467, 469. Here bore having entry, entirely different grounds; (as conceded) maintain status admitted States. At introduced literally remotely suggesting ever Communist; introduced. But, apparently random, blue, Party; declined citing On officials found 18 sought deport ex-Communist hardly contended evidence, let alone sufficient Communist, base deportability. Cf. Higher 637. provision relied on, disqualifies 'deportable' other Act; circumstances should most obvious case, application 19's disqualification Government, already borne proving Act. anomaly shifts, cases ex-Communist, negative qualify chosen ground. support cites stated up suspension. added, perfectly plain regulation, contrary scheme, properly responsibly construed.3 place, noted, turns around ordinary rules party shall 'deportability.' requires negative—that country—when said intimated was. Such necessarily lead laboring oar all political economic expressions country independent covert connection imposing exculpation exercise, example, non-Communist action behalf causes Communists happen favor obvious. fact, basis, long ago struck state placed individual desiring tax exemption activities proscribed nature—of nature, moreover, directly proscribe. Speiser Randall, 357 513, 520, 78 1332, 1338, 1460. Term reaffirmed central principle inhibition procedural devices which, designed reach legitimate ends, burdens freedom speech, subsequent decision, striking another enactment. Smith California, 361 147, 215, 205. declared enactments sovereign unconstitutional; less willing apply same doctrine set aside, statutorily warranted, federal anomalously truns 'deportability,' far dispenses 'deportability' shoulder negating issue. 20 are, apart construction Constitution, responsible proper Acts Congress, determining challenged procedures them. are called put rational allocation it, will promote statute's internal consistency minimize frictions One enactments, harsh constitutionality upheld historical grounds. Galvan Press, 347 522, 530—532, 74 737, 742—743, 98 911. By subscribing anomalous here, increase harshness, restriction speech condemned Smith, practical effect, allocation, equated demonstration matters privilege. cannot subscribe accordingly dissent. provided, part: 'In (other applicable) law proved preceding five years, * (2) suspend naturalization finds (b) resided seven years more residing effective date *' U.S.C. (1946 Supp. II) 155(c), now U.S.C.A. 1254(a)(1, 2). 19(d), amended: (c) applicable (1) (40 1008; U.S.C., title 8, sec. 137), entitled 'An exclude expel members anarchist similar classes', *.' 54 672, ed.) 155(d). c. 186, 1024, 22, 1006—1008, provided pertinent 'Any following classes excluded admission States: '(2) Aliens who, time, classes: '(C) (i) (ii) totalitarian (iii) Political Association, (iv) foreign state, geographical subdivision state; (v) subsidiary, branch, affiliate, association party; (vi) predecessors successors party, regardless name group organization used, bear, hereafter adopt; 'Sec. 4. (a) Any entering thereafter, enumerated 1(2) shall, warrant taken custody deported Now 1182(a)(28)(C), 1251(a)(6)(A—C). Meiklejohn, Freedom (1960) pp. 154—155, after referring efforts legislative committees compel Americans give testimony 'about their beliefs affiliations,' goes say: '* filed, Amendments joined together, motives centuries, requiring citizens institutions they resist irresponsible usurpations legislature attempt tell men believe, associate associate.' pursuant 4(e) 1924. 43 155, 204(e), 1101(a)(15)(F). Maguire, Attack Common Lawyers Oath Ex Officio Administered Ecclesiatical Courts England, Essays History Theory (1936), VII, p. 199, procedure Commission described: 'Thus defendant swore truly questions before knew charges detail, without knowing accuser. Either witnesses depositions oath, mero whole trial based answers defendant. judges delivered opinions seriatim decree accorded majority. crux officeo. Until sworn, articles examination produced; examined, proceed trial. partial constituted contempt, followed imprisonmentf perjury cardinal sin.' provisions, reference added old amendments 1940 1948, 62 1206. proceedings tested stood review 1951 early 1952, passage Nationality 66 163, 1101 et seq., 27, 1952. 405(a) 280. 23 1924 165, proceeding lawfully country. current effect. 291, 234, 1361, 1361. cited text drew sharp distinction issue owing post-admission conduct. failure Congress specify issues confirmation correctness these decisions. Bilokumsky Tod, 149, 153, 44 54, 55, 68 221. character, silent otherwise. And 19(d) noneligibility for; inexplicit proof. Accordingly,

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