Document: 379 U.S. 411 85 S.Ct. 551 13 L.Ed.2d 386 WHITNEY NATIONAL BANK IN JEFFERSON PARISH, Petitioner,v.BANK OF NEW ORLEANS AND TRUST COMPANY et al. James J. SAXON, Comptroller of the Currency, Petitioner, v. Nos. 26, 30. Argued Nov. 12, 1964. Decided Jan. 18, 1965. [Syllabus from pages 411-412 intentionally omitted] Ralph S. Spritzer and Dean Acheson, Washington, D.C., for petitioners. Edward L. Merrigan, respondents. Mr. Justice CLARK delivered opinion Court. 1 This suit is a facet complicated controversy between Whitney National Bank New Orleans (Whitney-New Orleans) three its state-chartered banking competitors over establishment by Whitney-New national bank (Whitney-Jefferson) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, which adjoins Parish Orleans. In order to avoid restrictions laws as branch banking1 still tap market resorted organization holding company. After approval plan Federal Reserve Board on May 3, 1962, two respondent banks filed this declaratory judgment action June 9, seeking declaration that Currency had no power grant necessary authority praying addition injunctive relief restraining him issuing certificate new bank. 2 Four days later petitioned reconsideration application. Their petition was denied, 30, they sought judicial review decision Court Appeals Fifth Circuit.2 That presently pending there awaiting our here. 3 Meanwhile, United States District Columbia assumed jurisdiction held merits § 7 Holding Company Act 19563 reserved final prohibit opening subsidiaries companies within their borders Louisiana adopted such law (albeit subsequent involved here Board)4 prevented certificate. A permanent injunction issued against issuance authority. 211 F.Supp. 576. On appeal upheld Court, rejecting contention competitor lacked standing sue. It related charters semi-exclusive franchises conferring upon holders right be free competition operation violative Banking 1933, 12 U.S.C. 36 (1958 ed.). it concluded proposed would but prohibited Act. therefore found unnecessary pass effect Louisiana's prohibiting or companies. 116 U.S.App.D.C. 285, 323 F.2d 290. view tangle parties thus themselves well, we granted certiorari. 376 948, 84 967, 11 969. We have company proposal; appropriate disposition cannot made without further consideration case Board, where original exclusive rests; since application now Circuit, reasonable time should allowed court act. We, therefore, reverse these judgments dismissal complaint. But stayed period 60 give move Circuit an remanding Board; and, event remand, permit issue orders will protect determination matter. I. 4 The facts are undisputed. desired extend business into expanding urban areas beyond Orleans, home base. could not open branches parish line because law, LSA—Rev.Stat. 6:54 (1950), applicable banks, operating outside parish. discussions with Deputy decided establish (Whitney Corporation) under federal capital $350,000 taken bank's undivided profits represented 5,600 shares stock distributed shareholders. then organize bank, Crescent City Bank, hand. merged resulting known declare dividend $650,000 go owner, latter organize, $650,000, another Whitney-Jefferson, located Parish. net result maneuver stockholders old own turn operate both i.e., Whitney-Jefferson. 5 Approval first obtained, 88% voting plan. submitted who October 1961, gave preliminary approval, subject consummation various transactions outlined. July 14, applications were thereafter notice published Register potential expressed opposition. However, none respondents appeared any filings. receiving advice pursuant 3(b) 1956, 1842(b) ed.), favorable, ordered public proceeding January 17, 'to afford opportunity expression views opinions interested persons.' At hearing testimony heard opposition objecting took part therein. 6—1 vote approved 1962. Thereafter 13, joined Commissioner Louisiana. denied ground untimeliness 'without substantial merit.' 9 1848 case, said, awaits II. 6 1956 prohibits acquiring ownership control existing, Board. 1842(a) Provision full administrative before all persons may participate supervisory authorities obtained. Board's specified courts appeals must accept findings if supported evidence. Thus, merely encompassed acquisition existing already enjoying Comptroller's do business, only necessary, extent he provided his recommendations. But, course, case. Here newly created yet authorized organized operated authorization sole function Comptroller, requiring appraisal assets, directorate, etc., approving background inquire whether questions raised cognizable III. 8 think clear thrust respondents' complaint goes Whitney-Jefferson rather than business. Respondents' chief follow simply virtue Such situation occur, at all, when including subsidiary. lies heart argument. directs consider 'the convenience, needs, welfare communities area concerned' 'whether * expand size system limits consistent interest *.' §§ 1842(c)(4) (5) Clearly, argument sound, compelled disapprove arrangement, hardly statutory command expanded interest. 10 also argue barred valid state subsidiary not, charter, permit, license has been issued.' Here, argument, quarrel actuality Corporation. Otherwise, law. Again, approve arrangement involving reason company, law.5 conclude tenders issues question objections there. IV. believe Congress intended proceedings means tested. Admittedly exclusively know persuasive finding different procedure required performs Moreover, makes binding Comptroller. provision designed make rejected being framed. 101 Cong.Rec. 8186—8187. legislative history clearly indicates intention veto cases. follows act cases contests pursued it, position shows proposal de novo district decisions proposals. Compare ed.) S.Rep.No. 1095, pt. 1, 84th Cong., 1st Sess., 2, 2d 5, H.R. 6227, Cong. Rec. 8187, H.R.Rep.No. 609, 22, 25—26. similar employed otherwise, providing instead based congressional actions point conclusion challenges solely statute. 14 confirmed procedures agency expertise brought bear particular problems, those exclusive. See, e.g., Callanan Road Improvement Co. States, 345 507, 73 803, 97 L.Ed. 1206 (1953); Myers Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., 303 41, 58 459, 82 638 (1938); Texas & Pac. R. Abilene Cotton Oil Co., 204 426, 27 350, 51 553 (1907). set out carefully planned comprehensive method challenging determinations. agency, expert matters, explore ramifications arrangement. To initial plan's propriety substantially decrease effectiveness design. As stated Far East Conference 342 570, 72 492, 96 576 (1952): 15 '(I)n raising fact conventional experience judges exercise discretion, agencies regulating matter passed over. so even though after appraised specialized competence serve premise legal consequences judicially defined. Uniformity consistency regulation entrusted secured, limited functions judiciary more rationally exercised, resort ascertaining interpreting circumstances underlying better equipped specialization, insight gained through experience, flexible procedure.' 574—575, 494. 16 relationship notwithstanding No. 275 very types committed hold instance. soundness especially evident remembered played vital role development laws, benefit ultimately validity 17 reject notion collaterally attacked Opponents attack Courts Appeals. Tacoma Taxpayers Tacoma, 357 320, 78 1209, 1345 (1958); Corrick, 298 435, 56 829, 80 1263 (1936). expressly does require conclusion. For provisions courts. Moreover enacted specific scheme obtaining review, directed doctrine exhaustion remedies comes play requires mode adhered absence express exclusiveness. 18 rejection duplication conflicting litigation. Some opponents might others well wait termination activities sue accomplishing same ultimate end. records, standards determinations surely duplicative militate favor steps 19 Respondents attempt support Court's asserted Administrative Procedure Act, 1001, 1009 provides 'Every other adequate remedy shall review. *' short answer this, is, pointed out, 'final'; permitting final, appeals, 20 Furthermore, contend included pertinent Acts; indeed, say, admitted much again overlook He checks condition capital, 26 crystal-clear where, assuming completely negated reversed. project, permission acted routinely once given 21 say restrained equity hold, however, seeks much, determined utilized dissatisfied ruling despite prerequisite Otherwise commands frustrated. V. 22 reviewing former remanded it. Section 3(5) 6:1003(5) (1962 Supp.), 'It unlawful thereof opened issued. *'6 10, several reconsideration. considered one factors registration attacking Nevertheless perfectly obvious closely related. discussed earlier importance attached principle field, giving guidelines 1846 provides: 23 'The enactment chapter construed preventing State exercising powers hereafter respect companies, thereof.' determine applicability type envisioned resolved instance policy, economy proper practice, light exceeding proceed secure remand. 24 appears record advised 'if entered herein vacated, requests, inasmuch careful examination my knowledge association lawfully entitled commence banking, present certificate.' 310. Our disposition, authorize prevent himself notes, applicant 'lawfully banking.' entitled' proceeding. court, empowered 28 1651 so. See Scripps-Howard Radio, Inc. FCC, 316 4, 62 875, 86 1229 (1942); Governors System Transamerica Cir., 184 311 (1950). stay feel certain certificate.7 did find take direct maintain status quo ample Corporation, party owns controls reach technical applicant, can appropriately fashion compel Corporation refrain acting itself requesting Indeed, hand court. sufficient Circuit's question. 25 instant proceedings, reversed direction dismiss Issuance outlined opinion. ordered. Judgment direction. DOUGLAS, dissenting. I dissent Currency. 29 Two program: 30 deny acquire 1842. 31 'is 27. 32 apparent involve different, related, matters; applicants; issues. 33 1848. Solicitor General, informally, record.' courts, cognizance exercised keep bounds. Camden Trust Gidney, 112 197, 301 521; Union Savings Saxon, 118 296, 298, 335 718, 720, cited. Broadcasting System, 407, 423—424, 1194, 1203, 1563, that, absent design bar (Switchmen's Mediation 320 297, 64 95, 88 61), available either inapplicable inadequate. rule keeps free-wheeling dispensing favors; some assurance render principled laid down Congress. 34 dramatize Shortly sought, (La.Rev.Stat. 6:1001 6:1006 Supp.)) part: 1846, specifically reserves broad seemingly extending domains.1 35 spite intervening August affidavit form: 'Upon developments, statute, occurred alter prior 37 'Accordingly, certificate.'2 38 threat mockery General's collateral order. candidly states flouting whose prototype sustained.3 39 promises serious consequences. hiatus during hands restraint anyone. looks protection hiatus. until 40 If accelerated action, Appeals; freed alliance resulted 41 moreover, Nor 'branch bank' normally statute 'party aggrieved' them parties. governing says 'agency, board, commission officer concerned named respondent'; nowhere successful board Rule 39, U.S.C.A. happens, seems intervened fortuitous circumstance. today's doubt occur whom Whitney's possibly may, help able doors defiance staying keeping master also. Perhaps, suggests, always eventuality 1651; perhaps not. maintenance essential dual collision course bounds 42 remitting constitutionality 'expertise' surprising dimensions. 43 Heretofore remitted causes 'issues judges' discretion.' 574, 494, bare, bald tendered. presented Court; threatens flout law; banking' meaning decide now. 44 BLACK, 45 reasons dissenting opinion, agree Brother DOUGLAS Act's join points. further, affirm judgment. DOUGLAS's dissent, making consented Accordingly, neither nor Under whatever, except entirely one, let litigation further. end affirming would, call Circuit. (1950) offices parishes parish, geographical limitations 36(c)(2) while 6:1001—6:1006 become effective 19788 (C.A.5th Cir.). indicated permits formation Trans-Nebraska 49 Fed.Res.Bull. 633 (1963). obviates necessity passing petitioners invalid Supremacy Clause Equal Protection Clause. said exceptional Obviously persistence doing temporary competent jurisdiction. impermissible proposal, Its purpose approval—an objective run afoul reads follows: 1846. speedy accommodation shown Whitney-Jefferson's brief Court: 'On executed articles organization, thereby establishing corporate existence accordance 24. formalities complete program. 24, duly elected qualified directors by-laws became member System. 'Thereafter, remaining step 27, authorizing banking. about commenced prepared operations virtually soon received Braeburn Securities Corp. Smith, Ill.2d 55, 153 N.E.2d 806, forbade holding-company shareholders banks. dismissed 'for want question.' 359 311, 79 876, 831. Accord: 633, policy standard kinds Philadelphia 374 321, 328, 83 1715, 1722, 915.

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