Document: 340 U.S. 128 71 S.Ct. 149 95 L.Ed. 146 GUSIKv.SCHILDER. No. 110. Argued Nov. 10, 1950. Decided Dec. 4, Mr. Morris Morgenstern, Cleveland, Ohio, for petitioner. John F. Davis, Washington, D.C., respondent. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of Court. 1 This is a petition writ habeas corpus filed in District Court on behalf petitioner challenging legality his detention by Respondent holds Gusik pursuant to court-martial judgment convicting him murder while he was stationed Italy as member United States Army. After conviction exhausted all remedies reversal or modification which then existed under Articles War, 10 U.S.C.A. § 1471 et seq. When secured no relief from military authorities this challenges jurisdiction both War and Constitution. The Court, after hearing, sustained released bond. It found that did not have jurisdiction, because thorough impartial pretrial investigation conducted compliance with Article 70 1542, Trial Judge Advocate failed call material witnesses, denied effective assistance counsel. Appeals reversed, 180 F.2d 662. reach merits case; it held there an administrative remedy had must be dismissed without prejudice filing new resort additional been made. 2 53 62 Stat. 639, U.S.C. (Supp. III) 1525, 1525.1 gives General discretion, inter alia, grant trial any case. Time limitations are specified; 'with regard cases involving offenses committed during World II, application may made within one year termination war, its final disposition upon initial appellate review herein provided, whichever later'. Petitioner argues applicable II completed prior date proceedings instituted date. That construction Act would require extensive tailoring language 53, since explicitly applies 'cases II' reference stage Article. Our conclusion harmony President, who authorized provide regulations gave statutory Executive Order 10020 promulgated Manual Courts-martial.2 states shall force effect February 1, 1949 respect processes taken 1949.' A such process. 3 If when were instituted, justified entertaining unless afforded first exhausted. An analogy federal court state court. procedure provides remedy, though available has exhausted, courts will interfere. only holding long line cases, see Mooney v. Holohan, 294 103, 115, 55 340, 343, 79 791; Ex parte Hawk, 321 114, 116, 64 448, 449, 88 572; rule Congress recently wrote into Judicial Code. 28 2254, 2254. policy underlying pertinent collateral attack judgments rendered courts. employed rectify alleged error asked correct, interference wholly needless. established police errors tribunal whose challenged adequate occasion. is, friction between saved. well served whether existent at time subsequently created, indeed implicit we pending exhaustion newly created remedy. See Walker Ragen, 338 833, 37; Marks 339 926, 613. Such principle judicial administration sense suspension corpus. merely deferment until other corrective procedures shown futile. 4 argument woven around finality clause foundation claim unconstitutionality. provision action 'final conclusive' 'binding departments, courts, agencies, officers States.' argued deprives these therefore amounts writ. We do so read 53. legislating respects tribunals over civil traditionally exercised power supervision review. In re Grimley, 137 147, 150, 11 54, 34 636. These operated self-sufficient system, save test their specific cases. doing more than describing terminal point system. intended deprive beginning,3 break history marked believe purpose plain unmistakable. adequately serves restricted give strained order stir constitutional issue tendered. 5 says proves be, rights sacrificed. Habeas questions offer. 6 case ended before question affords raised Appeals.4 conclude interests justice Appeals, instead reversing ordering dismissed, should done what Whelchel McDonald, 122, 146, like circumstances obtained General, remanded dismissal. put expense trying anew tried 7 agree main tendered But think different affords, reverse below remand cause further conformity opinion. So ordered. 8 Reversed directions. reads follows: 'Under President prescribe, authorized, accused person, good shown, discretion trial, vacate sentence, restore rights, privileges, property affected substitute dismissal, dishonorable discharge, bad conduct discharge previously executed form issuance, review: Provided, later: entertained case: And provided further, article, proceedings, findings, sentences trials approved, reviewed, confirmed articles 47, 48, 49, 50, dismissals discharges carried execution adjudged confirmed, conclusive orders publishing binding 13 Fed.Reg. 7519. ch. 22 Courts-Martial, id. 7550. Collateral early entertained. Wise Withers, Cranch 331, 457 trespass against taking collector fine imposed court- martial. speaking through Marshall, C.J., acted trespassers. Houston Moore, Wheat. 19 (trespass); Martin Mott, 12 19, 537 (replevin); Dynes Hoover, 20 How. 65, 15 838 (assault, battery, false imprisonment). Reed, 100 13, 25 538, allowed court-martial. April 27, 1948; return June 17, parties finished introducing evidence January 7, 1949; became March 31, notice appeal May

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