Document: 345 U.S. 663 73 S.Ct. 900 97 L.Ed. 1331 POLIZZIv.COWLES MAGAZINES, Inc. No. 287. Argued March 10, 1953. Decided June 1, Petition for Clarification Denied 15, See 988, 1128. Mr. A. C. Dressler, Miami, Fla., petitioner. Manuel Lee Robbins, New York City, respondent. Justice MINTON delivered the opinion of Court. 1 Respondent, an Iowa corporation which publishes Look magazine, maintains no offices in Florida, but sells its magazines to two independent wholesale companies distribute them retailers Florida. Respondent does employ 'circulation road men' whose job is check retail outlets a multi-state area includes These men cover separate and mutually exclusive districts, neither exercises any supervision over other. Petitioner, resident brought suit against Circuit Court Dade County, allegedly libelous matter printed magazine. moved dismiss or lieu thereof quash return service, made on agent one distributing wholesalers. Before state court acted this motion, removed action United States District Southern 28 U.S.C. (Supp. V) §§ 1332, 1441, 1446, 1447(b), U.S.C.A. 1447(b). That issued additional summons was served Briardy, Respondent's men, 'as managing (Respondent) transacting business it State Florida * *.' § 1448, 1448; Fed.Rules Civ.Proc., 4(d)(3), (7), U.S.C.A.; Fla.Stat.Ann. 47.17(5). On Petitioner's original service quashed. then 'to purported attempted The Court, without passing upon motion dismissed ground that did 'not have jurisdiction under Section 1391, sub-section C, Title 28, Code' because 'was not, at time summons, doing (the Florida).' Appeals Fifth affirmed same ground, 197 F.2d 74, we granted certiorari. 344 853, 94. 2 only question case record before us whether correctly want jurisdiction. 3 Both courts below held lacked jurisdiction, they reached conclusion by deciding not 'doing business' within meaning 1391(c), 1391(c). 1391 general venue statute. In where applies, if requirements are satisfied, deprived although dismissal might be justified timely objection were interposed. 1406, 1406. But even venue, has application action. actions governed 1441(a), section property laid v. Chesapeake & O.R. Co., 260 653, 43 230, 67 443; General Investment Co. Lake Shore M.S.R. 261, 270—279, 106, 244; Moss Atlantic Coast Line R. Cir., 157 1005.1 pertinent provisions statutes set forth margin.2 1391(a) limits district may 'brought.' 1391(c) similarly 'sued.' This 'brought' nor 'sued' there; 1441(a) expressly provides proper 'the division embracing place such pending.' pending. 89, 89. 4 Therefore, irrelevant, discussion beside point. based holding statute case, reasoning. 5 We express due process out International Shoe Washington, 326 310, 66 154, 90 95, contended test met.3 Nor do decide acquired person lower pass service. judgment reversed, cause remanded take determine 6 Reversed. 7 FRANKFURTER, having heard argument, took part consideration disposition case. 8 DOUGLAS decision 9 BLACK, with whom JACKSON joins, concurring dissenting part. 10 Polizzi lives Coral Gables, He been construction there some years. Cowles Magazines, Inc., corporation, Look, magazine circulating nationally. May 23, 1950, carried article branding as ringleaders national gang murderous, blackmailing prostitute-pandering criminals. Nearly 50,000 copies covered Many displayed distributed Polizzi's home town. once wrote publisher charges him false, demanding both retraction apology. It nothing. libel circuit his county. Appearing 'specially' local obtained order removal from federal court. asked giving chance tried merits. reasons urged had consequently could sued unless consented there. effect contention while bring corporation's Iowa, maintained lived criminal likely most harm. Agreeing Cowles, try affirmed. For many I think wrong therefore concur Court's reversal dismissal. From point on, however, company 11 reverses solely dismissing referred relied applicable cases like suits originally filed corporations Courts. reason, suggested Polizzi, refuses make decided.1 means goes back reconsideration old hanging fire three years get here by-pass time. If he lucky enough decided more years, look forward possibility jury sometime along about 1957. 12 should now reject Cowles' dilatory contentions. There reason snarling up lawsuits foreign hundred ago newly expanding activities migratory businesses. excuse now. A large each every done today created laws other states. To adjust practical administration law situation recent refused bound rigid concepts2 business.' Whether locality another tested basic principles fairness,3 unless, seems possible, represents throwback what consider less enlightened practices. 13 Under concepts, new, regular there, paid month, sole carry increase Look's circulation state. agent, who managed publishing all served. facts, together others need labor, show frivolous nature question. They also lack merit tells judge on: Should 1950 notice representative sufficient require defend, after years' litigation new defending employee? venture suggest raised anywhere except court, would ludicrous. 14 aside said, gives anachronistic flavor, sort irrelevance motions arguments. refer 1404(a), codified doctrine forum non conveniens. judges broad powers transfer civil 'in interest justice'.4 And heart unfair, inconvenient unjust subject denied subjected raising beginning is: fair justice lawsuit tried? poses precisely problem rule conveniens designed meet solve. light direct once, can district. discard outdated concepts convenience fairness. Instead sent merits listen few debate adequate meantime, stands convicted eyes community basis unproved story. At least since Magna Charta people thought delay deny justice. given trial seeks.5 15 BURTON, 16 agree erroneously Like BLACK unfortunate must prolonged remand again Unlike find nothing majority rationale our abandoned impaired. hint anything Constitution prohibits My ruled all. Barron Holtzoff, Federal Practice Procedure, 101; Charles W. Bunn, Jurisdiction Courts (5th ed., 1949), 146 148; Moore, Commentary Judicial Code, 199. '§ 1391. Venue generally '(a) wherein founded diversity citizenship may, otherwise provided law, judicial plaintiffs defendants reside. '(c) incorporated licensed business, shall regarded residence purposes.' (Emphasis supplied.) 1441. Actions removable Except Act Congress, defendant defendants, 'In involved.' Brief Opposition Writ Certiorari, p. 9. 'All 17. makes clear dismiss, lawsuit, affirmed, affirm asserted 'The organized carrying never so present *' Evidence number witnesses finding fact related saying 'be said there.' (197 77.) company's 'discussed authorities' referred, namely, Company cited footnote 2, 76. argued specifically '* inevitable respondent fairly followed down case.' Cf. von Jhering, Heaven Legal Concepts, translated Cohen Cohen, Readings Jurisprudence Philosophy, 678—689. Travelers Health Ass'n Virginia, 339 643, 70 927, 94 1154; Scophony Corp. America, 333 795, 68 855, 92 1091. 1404(a) provides: 'For parties witnesses, justice, brought.' companion statute, 1406(a), laying 2106, reversing judgments enter orders 'just circumstances.'

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