Document: 465 U.S. 624 104 S.Ct. 1248 79 L.Ed.2d 568 CONSOLIDATED RAIL CORPORATION, Petitionerv.Lee Ann LeStrange DARRONE, as Administratrix of Estate Thomas LeStrange. No. 82-862. Argued Nov. 29, 1983. Decided Feb. 28, 1984. Syllabus Section 504 the Rehabilitation Act 1973 provides that "[n]o . handicapped individual shall, solely by reason his handicap, be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." 505(a)(2), which was added in 1978, makes "available" "remedies, procedure, and rights" set forth Title VI Civil Rights 1964 (Title VI) for suits § against "any recipient federal Petitioner formed Regional Rail Reorganization acquire operate insolvent railroads, and, authorized statute, has sold its securities United States, proceeds sales are permitted used maintenance rail properties, capital needs, refinancing indebtedness, working capital. also received funds provide reassignment retraining railroad workers whose jobs were affected reorganization, now receives termination allowances who lost their a result reorganization. Respondent's decedent filed suit District Court petitioner violation rights 504, alleging while employed locomotive engineer is successor interest, he suffered an accident requiring amputation left hand forearm, thereafter refused employ him. The granted petitioner's motion summary judgment on ground had no "standing" bring private action 504. court held 505(a)(2) incorporated limitation 604 VI, employment actionable only when employer assistance "primary objective" employment, did not satisfy this test. Appeals reversed. Held: 1. death respondent's moot case, since it clear authorizes plaintiff alleges intentional (as done here) equitable backpay. Pp. 630-631. 2. may maintained even if aid primary objective promote employment. 631-637. (a) 504's language suggests bar should limited programs receive such aid. legislative history, executive interpretation, Act's purpose expand opportunities all consistent with construction. 631-634. (b) Nor Congress intend enact requirement into 1978. 505(a)(2)'s does incorporate 604's limitation. Rather, history reveals intended codify regulations governing enforcement prohibited regardless assistance. P. 635. 687 F.2d 767 (CA3 1982), affirmed. Harry A. Rissetto, Washington, D.C., petitioner. Joseph Lenahan, Scranton, Pa., respondent. William Bradford Reynolds, amicus curiae, special leave Court. Justice POWELL delivered opinion 1 This case requires us clarify scope right enforce 1973, 29 U.S.C. (Supp. V) 794, prohibits grant recipients. There conflict among circuits. 2 * establishes comprehensive aimed at improving lot handicapped. Among purposes "promote public sectors individuals place employment." 701(8). To further these purposes, enacted Act. That section that: 3 No otherwise qualified excluded from participation in, denied benefits of, 4 virtually identical 601 1964, 42 2000d, similarly bars (on race, color, national origin) federally-assisted programs. 5 In amended specify means enforcing ban discrimination. particular, §§ 794a, made available Acts 1964" victims Act.1 6 Petitioner, Consolidated Corporation ("Conrail"), pursuant subchapter III Act, 45 701 et seq. passed response insolvency number railroads Northeast Midwest, established Conrail properties integrate efficient transportation system. Under 216 726, acting through States Railway Association, purchases debentures series A preferred stock corporation "at times amounts required requested corporation," but "in accordance terms conditions prescribed Association ." Id. 726(b)(1). statute permits devoted Ibid. statutory authorization, $3.28 billion securities. See App. A-15. 7 V repealed, And 1143(a) Service 797a, up $25,000 lose II 8 1979, conferred Act.2 complaint alleged Erie Lackawanna Railroad, engineer; plaintiff's forearm 1971; that, after disabled, then Conrail, him although justification finding unfit work. 9 Court, following decision Trageser v. Libbie Center, Inc., 590 87 (CA4 1978), cert. denied, 442 947, 99 2895, 61 318 (1979), have 504.3 Trageser, Fourth Circuit act found "to concluded provided test.4 10 reversed remanded 1982). court, three judges panel agreed cause properly situations "where Judge Bloch, noting North Haven Board Education Bell, 456 512, 102 1912, 72 299 (1982), construed IX create federally funded education programs, same broad construction section. Adams, concurring judgment, compelled Third Circuit's Grove City College granted, 1211 ----, 78 --- (1983).5 Weis, concurring, argued VI's limitation: designed temper government's terminate funds, more drastic consequences than do relief. 11 We certiorari resolve circuits consider other questions Act.6 affirm. 12 met initially contention mooted deprives jurisdiction reason.7 concedes, however, there remains controversy LeStrange's estate recover money would been owed LeStrange.8 Without determining extent damages we think therefore moot. 13 Guardians Ass'n Comm'n, 103 3221, 77 866 (1983), majority expressed view could backpay; member contended backpay unavailable, least remedy discrimination.9 It unnecessary review here grounds interpretation VI. suffices state apply noted, plaintiffs remedies Therefore, respondent, having discrimination, present suit.10 IV 14 rejected argument sued relies particularly limits applicability "employment practice[s] where employment" (emphasis added).11 As noted above, adopted Accordingly, Conrail's basic position expressly reversed, contends, 15 itself contains neither refers explicitly nor analogous limiting language; rather, unquestionable reach discrimination.12 Indeed, enhancing so much focus legislation next year felt necessary amend whether prohibit types well. 111(a), Pub.L. 93-516, 88 Stat. 1617, 1619 (1974), amending 706(6); S.Rep. 93-1297, p. 37 U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 1974, 6373.13 Thus, 16 enactment mention limitation, legislators numerous occasions adverted prohibition assisted funds. See, e.g., 93-318, 4, 18, 50, 70 (1973), 2076; 119 Cong.Rec. 5862 (remarks Sen. Cranston), 24587-24588 (1973) Williams, chairman Committee Labor Public Welfare). Moreover, Department Health, Welfare, agency designated President responsible coordinating see Exec. Order 11914, outset interpreted recipients aid, aid.14 generally deferred contemporaneous issued implementing congressional enactment. NLRB Bell Aerospace Co., 416 267, 274-275, 94 1757, 1761-1762, 40 134 (1974). merit deference case: committees participated formulation, both endorsed final form.15 Finally, application fits remedial opportunities" B 17 amendments, make remedies, procedures 794a(a)(2). These Welfare 95-890, 19, assistance.16 anomalous conclude section, "designed enhance ability assure compliance [§ 504]," id., silently individual's sue 18 terms, "program two considered meaning activity" IX. 1211, (1984); U.S., 535-540, S.Ct., 1925-1928. Clearly, specific Neither opinion, particular guidance appropriate treatment before us. grants students. specifically declined analogize nonearmarked direct indeed, characterized them "sui generis." 1221. undertake define term "program" all, procedural posture task first instance.17 540, 1928. 19 Education. unrelated issue specificity." proceedings. below question sought assistance."18 develop record factual findings relevant "program." discriminated LeStrange.19 20 respondent due her 21 ordered. full: "The procedures, title shall person aggrieved failure provider 794 title." 505(a)(1) VII persons 791 governs Respondent, administratrix estate, substituted party upon previously dismissed constitutional claims raised LeStrange, 501 F.Supp. 964 (MD Pa.1980). analysis can show "that necessarily causes against" beneficiaries Pet. Cert. 33. well prong test satisfied here. entire educational institution subject anti-discrimination provisions department Three Courts substantially Traseger. Scanlon Atascadero State Hospital, 677 1271 (CA9 1982); Cabrini Medical 639 908 (CA2 1981); Carmi Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, 620 672 (CA8), 449 892, 101 249, 66 117 (1980). addition, below, again opening brief, abandoned page reply brief. Tr. Oral Arg. 13. concession address beyond courts relied Cannon University Chicago, 441 677, 1946, 60 560 holding exists concedes representative assert monetary relief possessed retroactive unintentional, MARSHALL, STEVENS, joined Justices BRENNAN BLACKMUN, prospective fully plaintiffs. 3245-3249. O'CONNOR available, reserving Id., n. 1, 3237, WHITE, REHNQUIST, contending ordering future legal obligations actions put aside situation 3237. THE CHIEF JUSTICE question, they petitioners showing establish 3236. Although 1978 amendments indicate preserve full measure courts' power award backpay, few references our holding. clearly government, (1978); statements relation subsequent Senate Human Resources, committee endorse availability 96-316, pp. 12-13 (1979). "Nothing contained authorize respect practice employer, agency, labor organization except 2000d-3. recognized vocational rehabilitation futile those rehabilitated obtain because Employment thus "a profound effect provision effective [rehabilitation] services." Williams). (1973); 24587 Taft), 24588 Several sections employment: 503 require employers contractors adopt affirmative note context implicitly contain 901 IX, like borrowed found, IX's requirement. stated wished limit counterparts 604. 530, 1922-1923. inapplicable incorporating aspects supported Court's 901, 523-529, 1919-1922. contrast, advert drafting observations touch aspect —its 601—that case. But without Haven, unfounded. For cannot read isolation purposes. Chapman Houston Org., 600, 608, 1905, 1911, 508 (1979); Philbrook Glodgett, 421 707, 713, 95 1893, 1898, 44 525 (1975). respects, differs ways suggest sensibly gave antidiscrimination underlying purposes—to ensure support racial discrimination" "are spent Constitution moral sense Nation." 110 6544 (1964) Humphrey). observed, extend comprehensively regulates goal increase handicapped, supra, 632 However, chose employers, government contracts grants. latter, apparently determined grantees bear costs providing quid pro quo receipt Cf. 118 32305 (1972) Javits). still further, urges. 39 Fed.Reg. 18562, 18582 (1974) (revising pre-existing implement 504); 41 29548, 29552, 29563 (1976) (proposed regulations), promulgated, 22678 (§ 84.2), 22680 84.11), 22688 ("Employment Practices") (1977); 43 2132, 2138 (1978) (final regulations). Justice, implementation Executive 12250, 72995 (1980), HEW guidelines, 46 440686 (1981). Transportation, 31442, 31468 codified 49 CFR Pt. 27. id. 27.31. 25 adopting substance Department's statute. infra, 17. "the promulgated conform amendment codifies existing requirement." 19. "complaint procedures," Fed.Reg., 22685, 22694-22701, 80.3 regulations, banned form 15, supra. erroneously suggested XI govern need specific. 536, 1926. Adams cited College, merely rejection analysis. 629. contest within Apparently, payments exceed fair market value government. Arg., 18.

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