Document: 501 U.S. 104 111 S.Ct. 2166 115 L.Ed.2d 96 ASTORIA FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION, Petitionerv.Angelo J. SOLIMINO. No. 89-1895. Argued April 17, 1991. Decided June 10, Syllabus Respondent Solimino filed a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), alleging that petitioner Astoria Federal Savings and Loan Association had dismissed him because of his age, in violation Age Discrimination Act 1967 (Age Act). Under worksharing agreement, EEOC referred claim to state agency responsible for claims under New York's Human Rights Law. That found no probable cause law believe he was terminated on account its decision upheld administrative review. Rather than appealing court, District Court an suit grounded same factual allegations considered proceedings. The court granted Astoria's motion summary judgment, holding State's age-discrimination findings precluded federal litigation claim. Appeals reversed, inferring from Act's structure legislative intent deny preclusive effect such Held: Judicially unreviewed have proceedings court. While well-established common-law principles, as preclusion rules, are presumed apply absence contrary, Congress need not expressly intention overcome presumption estoppel. Clear-statement requirements appropriate only where weighty constant values at stake, or implied repeal is implicated. Atascadero State Hosp. v. Scanlon, 473 234, 243, 105 3142, 3147-48, 87 171; Arabian American Oil Co., 499 ----, 1227, 113 274; Morton Mancari, 417 535, 551, 94 2474, 2483, 41 290. Such represented by lenient favor estoppel, suitability which varies according context; nor does finding against estoppel this case give rise repeal. Thus, test presumption's application whether would be inconsistent Congress' enacting particular statute. University Tennessee Elliott, 478 788, 796, 106 3220, 3225, 92 635. implies, filing requirements, courts should recognize findings. Both § 14(b) 7(d)(2) assume possibility consideration after However, strictly pro forma, employer likely enjoying airtight defense, if were given effect. provision, 14(b), claim's concluded result left essentially without effect, notwithstanding rule statutes read avoid rendering superfluous any parts thereof. Administrative likewise respect arising Title VII Civil 1964 supra, held VII's provision directing accord substantial weight allowed something less preclusion. Id., 795, S.Ct., 3224. It immaterial lacks similar delimitation, since most obvious piece evidence operate suit. This also comports broader scheme enforcement provisions, and, although wisdom deciding relevant determination, choice has plausible policy support. Pp. 107-114. 901 F.2d 1148 (CA 2 1990), affirmed remanded. SOUTER, J., delivered opinion unanimous Court. Paul Siegel, York City petitioner. Leonard N. Flamm, respondent. Amy L. Wax, Washington, D.C. U.S., amicus curiae, hac vice, supporting respondent, special leave Justice SOUTER 1 question presented claimants Act), 81 Stat. 602, amended, 29 U.S.C. 621 et seq., collaterally estopped relitigate judicially made We hold Angelo worked almost 40 years when age 63 position vice president mortgage department. Less two weeks later, March 18, 1982, discrimination (EEOC). agreement between it agency, see CFR 1626.10 (1990), matter Division Rights, preliminary investigation disposition cases On January 25, 1983, hearing both parties counsel, respondent age. ruling review abuse discretion Appeal Board May 30, 1984. Although entertained respondent's complaint state-law grounds, neither party suggests elements differ statutes. 3 did seek board's but instead United States Eastern petitioner's 715 F.Supp. 42 (1989), relied heavily Stillians Iowa, 843 276 (CA8 1988), prevail virtue failure either language history "actually [to] addres[s] issue." F.Supp., 47. ruled accordingly determination engaged Second Circuit certiorari, 498 669, 112 662 (1991), resolve conflict here review, Duggan Education East Chicago Heights, Dist. 169, Cook County, Ill., 818 1291 (CA7 1987), those Eighth Stillians, Ninth Mack South Bay Beer Distributors, Inc., 798 1279 (1986). 4 long favored doctrines collateral (as issues) res judicata claims) determinations bodies attained finality. "When acting judicial capacity resolves disputed issues fact properly before adequate opportunity litigate, hesitated enforce repose." Utah Constr. & Mining 384 394, 422, 86 1545, 1560, 16 642 (1966). repose justified sound principle losing litigant deserves rematch defeat fairly suffered, adversarial proceedings, issue identical substance one subsequently seeks raise. To otherwise would, general matter, impose unjustifiably upon who already shouldered their burdens, drain resources adjudicatory system disputes resisting resolution. See Parklane Hosiery Co. Shore, 439 322, 326, 99 645, 649, 58 552 (1979). holds true resolved issue, do so equally been decided federal, 798, 3225-26, 635 (1986), acts capacity. 5 Courts not, course, free rein rules preclusion, policy, interpretation statute hand. In context, wise intended legislature. nonetheless, understood legislate background principles. Briscoe LaHue, 460 325, 103 1108, 75 (1983); Turley, 352 407, 411, 77 397, 399, 430 (1957). well established, see, e.g., Hosiery, supra; Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. Illinois Foundation, 402 313, 91 1434, 28 788 (1971); Chicot County Drainage Baxter Bank, 308 371, 60 317, 84 L.Ed. 329 (1940), may take legislated expectation will except "when statutory purpose contrary evident." Isbrandtsen Johnson, 343 779, 783, 72 1011, 1014, 1294 (1952). 6 interpretative however, entails requirement clear statement, must precisely scheme. Rules plain statement strict construction protection values, they constitutional, 171 (1985) (requiring abrogate immunity Eleventh Amendment), otherwise, 1230, 274 (1991) extraterritorial "to protect unintended clashes our laws other nations could international discord"). generally Eskridge, Public Values Statutory Interpretation, 137 U.Pa.L.Rev. 1007 (1989). "In traditionally sensitive areas, . assures legislature faced, bring into critical matters involved decision." Bass, 404 336, 349, 515, 523, 30 488 (1971). Similar superior harmonizing different constraining laws, prompt kindred repeals implication recognized, insofar capable co-existence, "absent clearly expressed congressional contrary." 290 (1974). 7 But cast shadow here. us judgment accorded "the full faith credit every within [it has] usage State." 1738. face 1738, we judgments closely parallel context Acts 1964, 78 253, 2000e Lorillard Pons, 434 575, 584, 98 866, 872, 55 (1978), enjoy courts. Kremer Chemical Corp., 456 461, 102 1883, 262 (1982); Allen McCurry, 449 90, 101 66 (1980). case, contrast, implicates repeal, 1738 inapplicable bodies. 794, 3223-24. Nor represent independent magnitude constancy justify clear-statement rule. vary specific rights power relative adequacy procedures. Cf. Alexander Gardner-Denver 415 36, 57-58, 1024-25, 39 147 (1974); Pearson Williams, 202 281, 285, 26 608, 610, 50 1029 (1906). thus sway default, applying failed impliedly evince issue. 8 dealt VII, framed "whether consistent [the statute]." 3225. Brown Felsen, 442 127, 136, 2205, 2211-12, 767 (1979); Restatement (Second) Judgments 83(4)(a) (1982). contrast discerned " '[n]othing remotely express[ing] contravene preclusion,' 797, 3225 (quoting 97-98, 416-17, (1980)), comprehend just direction 'substantial final orders local authorities commenced [employment discrimination] law.' 3224 2000e-5(b)). What preclude cannot Kremer, 470, n. 7, 1891, 7; Duggan, F.2d, 1294; district "substantial weight" standard 9 reach here, Act, too, carries claims. contains express delimitation owed findings, make apply. Section requires own law, complainant first pursue 633(b); Oscar Mayer Evans, 441 750, 2066, 609 further provides "no brought Act] expiration sixty days unless earlier terminated." deadline refers termination prior action, providing applies "[s]uch shall 300 alleged unlawful practice occurred, receipt individual notice whichever earlier." 626(d)(2). provisions plainly agencies finished theirs. 10 And yet forma goes saying complainants succeed (except perhaps remedy, enforcement, thought inadequate); 14(b)'s file doing "intended screen complaints might settled satisfaction grievant proceedings." Mayer, 756, 2071. A looks therefore ordinarily him. defense merits 479-480, 1896-1897. Insofar reduce insignificance pursued wake completed agencies, course construe statutes, possible, See, Menasche, 348 528, 538-539, 513, 519-520, 615 (1955). 11 2000e-5(b) stressed Elliott immaterial. There nothing talismanic about language; "simply suit." 1297. indeed ironic section difference concerned, added "giving decisions too much weight, affording them little." 471, 8, 1892, 8. unnecessary came extend some level deference authorities. Brief al. Amici Curiae 24. is, event, fair say even context. 706(c), 2000e-5(c), action aftermath nearly 755, 2071, provided support Court's there. 12 Thus suffices outweigh enforcement. employees subsequent litigation, Rosenfeld Department Army, 769 237 (CA4 1985); Nabors States, 568 657 (CA9 1978); cf. Chandler Roudebush, 425 840, 1949, 48 416 (1976) (same, claims), there reason competent counterparts, anomalous afford more other. indeed, invite capricious anomalies well, investigated over control, §§ 1626.9, (1990); receive day (complete jury, 626(c)(2)), then depend, theory, bureaucratic chance. Petitioner's reading lead disparities State, depending jurisdiction own. 633(b). Moreover, assumption fare better light 14(a)'s superseded commencement 633(a), recognition induce all initiate earliest complaint, thereby defeating deferral outside system. 755-756, 2071-2072. 13 Finally, rulings bearing duplication effort, great. speak, all, subjected review; provide second chance prove claim, entered trial. Chandler, 863, 39, 1961, (1976). inadequate insure employment. very merits, itself appeared behalf, highlighting shortfalls procedures resources. Attorney General Amicus 18-22. Alternatively, denying eliminated result, "act[ed] capacity," afforded "an litigate," normal 14 For these reasons, grant erroneous grounds stated. affirmed, remanded opinion. 15 ordered.

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