Document: 389 U.S. 121 88 S.Ct. 265 19 L.Ed.2d 329 UNITED STATES, Petitioner,v.R. B. RANDS et ux. No. 54. Argued Oct. 18, 1967. Decided Nov. 13, Robert S. Rifkind, Washington, D.C., for petitioner. Alex L. Parks, Portland, Or., respondents. Mr. Justice WHITE delivered the opinion of Court. 1 In this case Court is asked to decide whether compensation which United States constitutionally required pay when it condemns riparian land includes land's value as a port site. Respondents owned along Columbia River in State Oregon. They leased with an option purchase, apparently being contemplated that would use industrial park, part function port. The was never exercised, taken by connection John Day Lock and Dam Project, authorized Congress comprehensive plan development River. Pursuant statute1 then conveyed Oregon at price considerably less than respondents had hoped sell. condemnation action, trial judge determined compensable limited its sand, gravel, agricultural purposes special site could not be considered. ultimate award about one-fifth claimed if used Appeals Ninth Circuit reversed, holding Government from right access navigable waters concluding 'port should under Fifth Amendment.' 367 F.2d 186, 191 (1966). We granted certiorari, 386 989, 87 1308, 18 334, because seeming conflict between decision below v. Twin City Power Co., 350 222, 76 259, 100 L.Ed. 240 (1956). reverse judgment principles underlying govern erred failing follow them. 2 Commerce Clause confers unique position upon waters. 'The power regulate commerce comprehends control purpose, extent necessary, all * *. For purpose they are public property nation, subject requisite legislation Congress.' Gilman Philadelphia, 3 Wall. 713, 724—725, Ed. 96 (1866). This navigation 'dominant servitude,' FPC Niagara Mohawk Corp., 347 239, 249, 74 487, 493, 98 686 (1954), where extends entire stream bed ordinary high-water mark. proper exercise invasion any private rights or lands it, damage sustained does result taking owners within meaning Amendment but lawful interests have always been subject. Chicago, M., St. P & P.R. 312 592, 596—597, 61 772, 775, 85 1064 (1941); Gibson States, 166 269, 275—276, 17 578, 580, 41 996 (1897). Thus, without obligated compensation, may change course stream. South Carolina Georgia, 93 4, 23 782 (1876), otherwise impair destroy owner's waters, 578 (1897); Scranton Wheeler, 179 141, 21 48, 45 126 (1900); Commodore Park, Inc., 324 386, 65 803, 89 1017 (1945), even though market substantially diminished. navigational servitude extend beyond Consequently, fast Government, just must paid. But 'just privilege permits reduce denying owner his loss, also disregard arising same fact location compensating appropriated.' Virginia Elec. 365 624, 629, 81 784, 788, 5 838 (1961). Specifically, has held give 'water power' takes company using generate power. Chandler-Dunbar Water 229 53, 73—74, 33 667, 676, 57 1063 (1913). Nor compensate uplands plant Id., 76, 677. Such 'inhere these parcels upland,' depends on water no against States: government dominion over rapids falls, cannot hypothetical additional who appropriate current own commercial use.' Ibid. 4 All made unmistakably clear condemned promising hydroelectric obligation generating purposes. attributable 'due flow stream; were judgments below, landowner increment added into account.' U.S., 226, S.Ct., 261. distinguish cases, source electricity. case, port, vessels able arrive depart water, meanwhile waterside facilities both arises to, of, With regard constitutional duty owner, distinction can drawn. It irrelevant licensing authority presently exercised projects different from, more stringent than, sites. dealing completely streams total exclusion companies owners. As true City, demand 'he gets dominant grant withhold chooses. To require create claims domain.' 228, 263. 6 alike found inconsistent Rouge Improvement 269 411, 46 144, 70 339 (1926). took waterfront widen improve channel By reason improvements, other portions became valuable afforded direct building docks related navigation. § Rivers Harbors Act 1918,2 reduced benefits remainder land. argument here seems enhancement flowing real enough another property, consistency demands values recognized Government. There inconsistency. predecessors do deny enhance property. See 388, 390, 804, 805. And, Rouge, state law good itself. 418—419, 146—147. like assertable superior Amendment, need paid appropriated States. only enhanced improvement reducing amount increase simply applies context principle allocable public, interest. Otherwise receive windfall he entitled. 7 Our attention directed Monongahela Navigation Co. 148 312, 13 622, 37 463 (1893), going-concern toll lock dam built implied invitation portion approving requiring canal bypass falls river. point, however, since read resting 'primarily doctrine estoppel *.' Omnia Commercial Inc. 261 502, 513—514, 43 437, 439, 67 773 (1923). relied duly noted dealt itself, n., That aspect confined facts, and, event, latter survives. 8 Finally, urge Government's subverts policy Submerged Lands Act,3 confirmed vested title beneath their boundaries natural resources such together manage, develop, resources. However, reliance misplaced, expressly retained 'all powers regulation said commerce, navigation, national defense, internatonal affairs, shall paramount deemed include, proprietary ownership *.'4 Nothing construed 'as release relinquishment provide flood control, production power.'5 left congressional precisely 9 foregoing reasons, reversed remanded direction reinstate District 10 Reversed remanded. 11 MARSHALL consideration case. Stat. 486, U.S.C. 578. 40 911, 595. 29, §§ 1301—1343. 32, 1314. 31, 1311(d).

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