Document: 502 U.S. 93 112 S.Ct. 494 116 L.Ed.2d 419 Guy WOODDELL, Jr., Petitionerv.INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS, LOCAL 71, et al. No. 90-967. Argued Oct. 16, 1991. Decided Dec. 4, Syllabus Petitioner Wooddell, a member of Local 71 the International Brotherhood Electrical Workers (IBEW), sued respondents, and its officers, alleging, inter alia, that, because his opposition to proposed union actions, they had violated rights under Title I Labor Management Reporting Disclosure Act 1959 (LMRDA) by discriminating against him in job referrals operation hiring hall provided for Local's collective-bargaining contracts with electrical contractors. He also contended that such conduct constituted violations IBEW Constitution bylaws, which were allegedly breaches contract redressable § 301 Labor-Management Relations Act, 1947 (LMRA). Among other things, Wooddell sought injunctive relief, lost wages benefits, damages. The District Court dismissed all claims defendants. Appeals reversed dismissal LMRDA claim but otherwise affirmed Court, including holding no right have tried jury. further held 301—which provides "[s]uits violation between . labor organizations may be brought district court"—did not authorize breach-of-contract action an individual alleged constitution. Held: 1. was entitled jury trial on cause action. Although he seeks relief as well damages, is assertedly incidental His cannot treated restitutionary incident order reinstating from has been terminated, damages are pay jobs failed refer him. Also, closely analogous personal injury action, prototypical example at law Seventh Amendment applies. Thus, Teamsters v. Terry, 558, 565, 570, 571, 110 1339, ----, 108 519—in found employer's breach agreement union's duty fair representation—controls this case. Pp. 97-98. 2. subject-matter jurisdiction conferred courts 301(a) extends suits constitutions members. charged unions within meaning 301, since important form organizations, Plumbers Pipefitters Pipefitters, 334, 452 615, 624, 101 2546, 2551, 69 280, requires locals live up agreements, constitution bylaws binding Local, defendants breached referrals. Moreover, limited party interunion contract, members when beneficiaries contracts. Cf. Smith Evening News Assn., 371 195, 200-201, 83 267, 270-271, 9 246. If could sue required resort state court law, possibility terms might different meanings federal would inevitably exert disruptive influence upon negotiation administration ibid. There merit respondents' contention construing fashion signals unwarranted intrusion there indication later-enacted Congress meant narrow 301's reach. Also unconvincing submission construction will inundate trivial dealing intraunion affairs, evidence result various Federal Circuits adopted interpretation. 98-103. 907 F.2d 151 (CA6 1990) remanded. WHITE, J., delivered opinion Members joined, except THOMAS, who took part consideration or decision Theodore E. Meckler, Cleveland, Ohio, petitioner. Frederick G. Cloppert, Columbus, respondents. Justice WHITE Court. 1 We before us two questions: whether sues local money (LMRDA), 73 Stat. 519, amended, 29 U.S.C. 401 seq., trial, (LMRA), 61 156, 185(a)1 over suit case union. 2 * (IBEW). In wake dispute arising out petitioner's announced dues increase appointment representative, respondent President (petitioner's brother) filed internal disciplinary proceedings No finally rendered charges. Later, petitioner alleges, discriminated 71's officers United States Petitioner's complaint protected policy; hearing LMRDA; constitute LMRA law; representation 301; pendent state-law alleging interference contractual relations intentional infliction emotional distress. additional compensatory punitive attorneys fees. App. 14-15. 3 course acting summary judgment motions defendants, free speech-job discrimination With respect claim, relied prior circuit precedent2 did member. granted certiorari address both issues. 498 111 951, 1039 (1991). II 4 first issue. below briefed argued our 519 (1990). Terry handed down March 20, 1990, Sixth Circuit, neither cites nor discusses Terry. 5 To determine particular resolve legal rights, therefore give rise right, we examine nature issues involved remedy sought. Id., S.Ct., ----. " 'First, compare statutory 18th-century actions England merger equity. Second, it equitable nature.' Ibid., citing Tull States, 481 412, 417-418, 107 1831, 1835-1836, 95 365 (1987). second inquiry more analysis. supra, U.S., Citing Granfinanciera, S.A. Nordberg, 492 33, 42, 109 2782, 2790, 106 26 (1989). 6 applied settled principles interpretation representation. Generally, award traditional offered law. supra Curtis Loether, 415 189, 196, 94 1005, 1009, 39 260 (1974). Because Tull, 424, 1839, intertwined ibid., concluded none attributes exception general rule, thus legal. 7 contends although vice versa, recently Reed Transportation Union, 488 319, 326-327, 621, 626-627, 102 665 A 8 agree hold note respondents now concede controls Accordingly, reverse III Whether strongly disputed issue, however. 10 198, 269, 246 (1962), word "between" refers "contracts," "suits," 270-271. Hence, properly must either employer organization representing employees industry affecting commerce organizations. employer-union here; if union, alleges unions,3 i.e., one position bring suit.4 11 requirements governed 280 (1981). international part. specific provision own ordering consolidation nine into two. issue 301. 12 Since time enactment Taft-Hartley (and remain) probably most commonplace likely used unqualified term "contract" without intending encompass constitutions. 2551. Certainly conclude enforcement contribute stability, should enacted provide 13 "federal made counteract jurisdictional defects many difficult impossible reason their status unincorporated organizations." Ibid. (emphasis original). 14 Therefore, held, 15 It clear 301.5 amended "all Unions collective bargaining agreements" by-laws "are 71."6 12-13. answer, admitted these allegations, i.e. conceded promised comply generally above mentioned contracts; specifically, hiring-hall referrals, contrary applicable agreements Constitution. 16 Nevertheless, submits reaches only parties contract; third seeking enforce beyond grant. News, however, contrary. employee agent. contracting contract. noted that: 17 "The concerning rates conditions employment major focus Individual lie heart grievance arbitration machinery, large degree interests times precipitate grave questions enforceability based." 200, 270. 18 concluding employee's observed '[t]he [which] agreements.' quoting Lucas Flour Co., 369 95, 103, 82 576, 593 (1962). 19 Similar considerations bear expressly Collective-bargaining principal organization. members, often provisions Likewise, unit contracts, are, likewise 20 not, unacceptable consequences ensue. doubt authorized remitted plain same given based solely identity party. This cases spoken of. 21 Respondents contend do intended. federalization union-member relationships LMRDA. But fairly construed absent later statute LMRDA, covers us, reach even appearance unless some persuasive derived legislation itself intended unable discern any satisfactory basis implying partial repeal section. 22 Neither impressed inundation intra affairs. While persuaded argument affect language event, find unconvincing. As aware, adopt today number years ago Ninth Circuit specifically involving See Kinney Workers, 669 1222 also, e.g., DeSantiago Laborers Int'l Union North America, 1140, 914 125 (CA8 1990); Pruitt Carpenters 225, 893 1216 (CA11 Lewis Teamsters, Chauffers, Warehousemen Helpers 771, 826 1310 (CA3 1987). pointed courts' being overwhelmed litigation area 23 express view merits need decide here erred 301(a), unavailable brings her 24 remanded consistent opinion. 25 so ordered. THOMAS Section states: "Suits defined having parties, amount controversy regard citizenship parties." 185(a). Trail 542 961 1976). Other Courts addressed (1981), reached conclusion. See, 1987); (CA9 1981). stated follows respondents: "Does section create constitution?" Brief i; i. text makes clear, answer question affirmative violates Of course, suit, standing. comes sole standing IBEW, commerce. Joint Appendix 21-41 sets selected Included "Rules Unions." rules prescribed, addition rule requiring honor approval entered unions. reference "charter" charter constitution, both, record local, omits setting relevant bylaws.

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