Document: 329 U.S. 317 67 S.Ct. 320 91 L.Ed. 318 EAGLES, Post Commanding Officer, Fort Dix, N.J.,v.UNITED STATES ex rel. HOROWITZ. No. 58. Argued Nov. 21, 1946. Decided Dec. 23, Mr.Irving S. Shapiro, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner. Mr. Meyer Kreeger, New York City, respondent. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion Court. 1 This is a companion case to Eagles v. Samuels, 304, 313. Certiorari also brings it here from Third Circuit Court Appeals. That court followed same procedure as did in Samuels' case; reversed District which had dismissed writ habeas corpus brought on behalf Horozitz, and remanded cause with directions discharge him military custody. United States Samuels Pearson, 3 Cir., 151 F.2d 801. 2 It appears that after remand Horowitz was enlarged upon recognizance permitted under our rules. Rule 45, 28 U.S.C.A. following section 354. The suggestion therefore moot without merit reasons stated case. registered pursuant Selective Training Service Act 1940, amended, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 301 et seq., early 1941 filed questionnaire stating he college student preparing career psychiatric social worker. At tme asked deferment induction until February, 1943, saying 'if you take me now, practically negate my possibilities attain position I seek life, namely, worker.' Shortly physically examined found qualified service, advised local board been enrolled Rabbinical Seminary America, recognized theological school. On July 1, 1941, classified I—A. appeal likewise gave classification August, 1941. 4 Meanwhile, claimed exemption 5(d) Act. basis his claim representation school rabbis rabbinate. In an affidavit not disclosed intention become rabbi because no 'concrete facts' present, only 'hopes'. November, IV—D retained May, 1944. 1942 occupational taking course rabbinical studies at seminary bachelor science another institution hoped complete He listed himself 5 April, 1944, city director reviewed file requested appear before advisory panel. appeared panel there hearing. all students this were necessarily ministry each individual should be separately appraised.1 concluded attendance motiva ed by desire secure based declared worker, inconsistencies explanation failure refer rabbinate time, indifferent unsystematic manner professed objective, appraisal reliability candor. transcript proceedings later report transmitted office request reopen reconsider classification. made signed. Moreover, headed 'Confidential Statement Record.' director's while give careful consideration recommendation panel, determination must itself or agency. 6 immediately reclassified hearing granted. interviewed rendered composed three prominent Jewish laymen but rabbi. Whether does appear, board, result hearing, referred recommendation. recommended IV—D. June, held present examined. I—A so him, its reason became granted submitted additional evidence. refused change 7 two subsequent occasions reopened unpersuaded boards solely if virtue fact desired case, inform office. Both replied oc asion reopening 'once again unanimously agreed registrant's status warrant classification.' Early 1945 inducted into Army. 8 relies affidavits statements various people concerning bona fides rabbi, statement when graduated public schools 1932 ambition 1936 first vocational choice rabbinate, activities which, asserted, fitted pattern. other hand, 1937 teaching, secound Furthermore, already noted, objective work. And entered shortly passed physical examination service. These circumstances alone make colorable. Certainly we cannot say action finally classifying any support 9 question remains whether anything administrative vitiated Horowitz' What have said about use range inquiry supra, need repeated here. There nothing makes different result. We can more conclude here, than abdicated function. panel's But mind closed, evidenced sought advice returned earlier position, proceeded ground basic defect shift registered. record shows indecision subservience As respects unsigned, word added. Horowitz, like person saw members face face. time identity information. 10 essential procedural differences between are two—it entirely laymen; unsigned marked confidential file. objection carries little weight. citizens faith. showing they sect hostile Horowitz. impeach their integrity suggest serve expert role assigned them. 11 given great emphasis. argued although may authorized, clothing such secrecy. 12 regulations, indeed, prescribe information shall one having written authority him. Section 605.32(a), Fed.Reg. 2641, 9190. difficulty shown treated board. denied access report. Nor available If those facts, do doubt counsel would established them find command keep confidential. presume violated regulations. Yet effect what hold. points abuse fails establish prejudice judgment below reversed. 13 Reversed. approach follows statement: 'Orthodox tradition has always encouraged advanced study talmudic literature, both privately academies instituted purpose, irrespective specific engaged study, courses offered these open regard student's prepare service 'Thus, ultimately intending enter business profession, some non-rabbinic activity field religion, attended who specifically concerned preparation is, therefore, purposes determine purpose registrant pursuing study. 'Moreover, religious attempt distinguish serious literature professional tends extremely difficult officials, ministers, others identified tradition, express matters. 'To extent distinction understood, tendency accept vaue assertions family resolve favor, where least apparent pious student.'

Category: 2