Document: 390 U.S. 468 88 S.Ct. 1137 20 L.Ed.2d 39 The PEORIA TRIBE OF INDIANS OKLAHOMA et al., Petitioners,v.UNITED STATES. No. 219. Argued Jan. 15, 1968. Decided April 1, Jack Joseph, Chicago, Ill., for petitioners. Robert S. Rifkind, Washington, D.C., respondent. Mr. Justice STEWART delivered the opinion of Court. 1 On May 30, 1854, Peoria Tribe Indians Oklahoma, petitioner,1 and United States, respondent, entered into a treaty under which reserved portion its lands ceded remainder, amounting to some 208,585 acres, be sold at public auction by States Tribe's benefit. 10 Stat. 1082. This was provided in Article 4 treaty: 2 '(T)he President shall immediately cause residue offered sale * *. And consideration cessions hereinbefore made, agree pay said Indians, as hereinafter provided, all moneys arising from sales after deducting therefrom actual cost surveying, managing, selling same.' 7 further provided: 3 'And amount annual receipts their lands, cannot now ascertained, it is agreed that may, time time, upon consultation with determine how much net proceeds paid them, invested safe profitable stocks, interest annually or expended benefit improvement.' In this case Indian Claims Commission found violated 1857 most 207,759 not auction, but private appraised prices lower than would have prevailed auction. thus received $172,726 less if had been made required treaty. 15 Ind.Cl.Comm. 123. Neither party questions these findings. 5 petitioner, however, sought review Court issue measure damages treaty's violation—contending virtue treaty, liable only $172,726, addition sum produced 'invested *.'2 Claims, two judges dissenting, rejected contention, 369 F.2d 1001, 177 Ct.Cl. 762, we granted certiorari consider it. 389 814, 60, 19 65. 6 supporting judgment respondent relies heavily general rule on claims against it.3 rule, points out, has held fully applicable tribes.4 But where asked exercise 'the power award States,' v. New York Rayon Importing Co., 329 654, 663, 67 601, 606, 91 L.Ed. 577. issue, rather, concerns violation light Government's obligations Under could any part until were over, obligated invest them income Tribe. free merely hold without investing them. case, therefore, whether obligation unpaid applies which, States' never fact received. 8 Our decision largely controlled Blackfeather, 155 180, 64, 114. There an 1831 sell certain place excess stated fund Indians. dissolved over 'during pleasure Congress,' dissolution, 'annuity' retained fund. 1852. 1893 rather resulting realization prices.5 applied differential accord extended beyond dissolution Congress 1852: 9 'While bound government per cent annuity fund, took September 28, 1852, when $37,180.58—the sales—was chiefs tribe, terminated stipulation pro tanto. If originally accounted whole court below liable, over. being yet distributed, continues money *' U.S., 193, S.Ct., 69. Similarly before us, 'continues over.' Cf. Mille Lac Chippewas, 229 498, 33 811, 57 1299. As dissenters rightly pointed 11 'Indian treaties 'are interpreted narrowly, sometimes may writings expressed words art employed conveyancers, are construed sense naturally understand them.' Shoshone Tribe, 304 111, 116, 58 794, 797, 82 1213 (1938). '(T)hey construed, so far possible, understood 'in spirit generously recognizes full nation protect interests dependent people.' Tulee State 315 681, 684—685, 62 862, 86 1115. *" F.2d, 1006—1007, Ct.Cl., 771. 12 Since erroneously failure they no occasion liability. Accordingly, remand order question.6 13 reversed remanded proceedings consistent opinion. 14 Reversed remanded. MARSHALL case. singular form used throughout petitioners, who previously known Confederated Peoria, Kaskaskia, Wea Piankeshaw parties terms 'stocks' 'interest' should include bonds other securities dividends income, respectively.' Respondent's Brief 11, n. 4. term period refer what today called bonds. See, e.g., Cherokee Nation 270 476, 492, 46 428, 434, 70 694. See also Report Commissioner Affairs, November 26, 1853, H.Doc.No. 33d Cong., 1st Sess., 243, 263. investments actually pursuant present purchases state Thayer-West Point Hotel 585, 398, 521; N.Y. 577; Goltra, 312 203, 61 487, 85 776. Alcea Band Tillamooks, 341 48, 71 552, 95 738; Omaha 253 275, 283, 40 522, 525, 64 901; Salish & Kootenai Tribes 175 451. Blackfeather 28 447. did brief argue question damages. petitioner suggested might measured looking rate funds same period, arguing approach analogy trust law. out one considered 'invest stocks' satisfied appropriation equivalent payment. S.Doc.No. 32d 2d 293, 300—301; supra, 2. Because judgments absence express consent thereto, payments made. Therefore, adopted Commission, must simple compound interest.

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