Document: 352 U.S. 145 77 S.Ct. 154 1 L.Ed.2d 201 Boyd LEEDOM et al., as Members of the National Labor Relations Board, Petitioners,v.INTERNATIONAL UNION OF MINE, MILL AND SMELTER WORKERS. No. 57. Argued Nov. 14, 1956. Decided Dec. 10, Theophil C. Kammholz, Washington, D.C., for petitioners. Mr. Nathan Witt, New York City, respondent. Justice DOUGLAS delivered opinion Court. Section 9(h) Act, amended, 61 Stat. 136, 146, 65 601, 602, 29 U.S.C. § 159(h), U.S.C.A. provides that Board shall make no investigation nor issue any complaint on behalf a union unless there is file with non-Communist oath each officer and national or international labor organization which it an affiliate constituent unit.1 further 'The provisions section 35 A Criminal Code be applicable in respect to such affidavits.' applies criminal sanction tends perjury2 false affidavits filed under 9(h). The question this case whether prosecution provision exclusive remedy filing affidavit may take administrative action and, finding has been filed, enter order decompliance, withholding from benefits Act until satisfied complied. court below held was affidavit. 96 U.S.App.D.C. 416, 226 F.2d 780. That decision conflict ruling Court Appeals Sixth Circuit. v. Lannom Mfg. Co., 194. We granted petitions certiorari resolve conflict. 351 949, 76 846; Amalgamated Meat Cutters Butcher Workmen North America, AFL—CIO N.L.R.B., 905, 695. 2 involved present International Union Mine, Mill, Smelter Workers. charging Precision Scientific Co. refused bargain violation Act. During course hearing before company challenged veracity by one Travis, union, accord its practice,3 allow litigated unfair practice proceeding. But later on, issued directing hearing. examiner who found, among other things, Travis August 1949 membership knew yet continued re-elect him officer. agreed trial examiner, not had compliance ordered accorded Maurice E. 111 N.L.R.B. 422. thereafter, dismissed union's against vacated pursuant stay below. 3 instant suit brought District prayed Board's decompliance enjoined. intervened. denied preliminary injunction. reversed, 780, authority prior Farmer Fur & Leather Workers Union, 95 308, 221 862. It gave rise only penalty guilty did way alter right even where members were aware officer's fraud. 4 agree deprive unions their status provided Code. start statutory contains express sanction, viz., making statement. No sections expressly supplement sanction. 5 aim clear. imposes so deter Communist officers at all. failure stands barrier issuance benefit question. section, therefore, incentive rid themselves leadership elect can receive required necessary key makes available 6 duty determine made person specified 9(h), since power act charges conditioned affidavits. extent our rulings Highland Park 341 322, 71 758, L.Ed. 969; Coca-Cola Bottling 350 264, 383. argument would have us go read into implied but also true false. And position reliance placed general statements cases like Indiana Michigan Electric 318 9, 18—19, 63 394, 400, 87 579, protect process abuse. 7 are dealing here special precise history. Both Senate House originally passed bills which, though language differed other, test fact nonmembership Party. See Leg.Hist., Management 1947, (Nat. Rel. Bd., 1948), pp. 190, 251. If those become law, conduct inquiry non-Communist, least affiant challenged.4 fundamental change Conference Committee. As stated Report respecting two bills, 8 'In reconciling conferees took account representation proceedings might indefinitely delayed if investigate character all local well parent body federation. conference agreement certification submits executed body, effect they affiliates Party proscribed leaders. 35(a) (U.S.C., title 18, sec. 80) execution Leg. Hist., op. cit., supra, p. 1542. 9 Senator Taft explained Senate: 10 'This affiliation condition precedent use processes criticized creating endless delays. prevent delays amended conferees. Under both could infinitely while investigated determined affiliation. amendment sufficient purpose delay moving refuses required.' Id., 1625; 93 Cong.Rec. 6860. 11 This explicit statement most responsible 1947 amendments seems put rest raised case. If, spite wording Committee, still truth falsity 'infinitely delayed,' Taft's words. construction presently urged assurance 'an purpose' disregarded. 12 Much advanced contrary favored policy considerations. For example, said look orders found false, will greater rule written protection detection Communists. fair background Communist. requirement equally unions, innocent knowledge guilty. Judge Bazelon United Electrical, Radio Mach. Workers, 178, 181, 211 36, 39, indication Congress meant impose drastic 'because deceived affidavit.' officers. In view legislative history, we cannot find additional practical run original position,5 think correct one. 13 Affirmed. 'No affecting commerce concerning employees, subsection (c) charge (b) contemporaneously within preceding twelve-month period unit he member affiliated party, does believe in, supports believes teaches, overthrow States Government force illegal unconstitutional methods. 10,000, prison both, making, fraudulent 'in matter jurisdiction department agency States.' 52 197, 18 1001, 1001. Matter Lion Oil 565, 566; 108 490, 491. colloquy between Senators Ferguson McClellan 1434 1435. Craddock-Terry Shoe Corp., 842, 843, proceeding involving practice, entertain evidence saying: identifying signed identified. statute require authenticity filed. Persons desiring establish falsification fraud recourse Department sought adduced allegation accordingly immaterial.' see Alpert Alpert, 92 806, 807. On March 1952, Paul M. Herzog, then Chairman testified problems hearings. He reported four years ending June 30, 1951, 232,000 reviewed history remarked how 'intolerable delaying' proposals orginally contained discussed, enacted law: '* * Had inundated litigation proof singularly difficult obtain, detriment speedy disposal cry out early employee ballot box. Page 151-Continued 'Instead, imposed obligation 'officers'—without defining them statute—to affirmative step forswearing theory evidently these officers' refusal sign deprived constituents facilities, spotlighting soon generate pressure remove office. apparent outset NLRB's sole function certain persons affidavits, that, once done rules adopted, without inquiring themselves. Where arose, refer possible perjury 55 referrals 1947.' Hearings, Subcommittee Committee Public Welfare, Domination Unions Security, 82d Cong., 2d Sess., 91. November 1953, Statement Policy overturned previous position. concluded conviction 'would necessarily invalidate certifications official taken underscored hold abeyance elections concerned whose indictment Fed.Reg. 7185.

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