Document: 344 U.S. 73 S.Ct. 287 97 L.Ed. 377 NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARDv.SEVEN-UP BOTTLING CO. OF MIAMI, Inc. No. 217. Argued Dec. 19, 1952. Decided Jan. 12, 1953. Mr. Mozart G. Ratner, Washington, D.C., for petitioners. Frank A. Constangy, Atlanta, Ga., respondent. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of Court. 1 Acting under § 10(c) Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 (the Taft-Hartley Act), 61 Stat. 136, 147, 29 U.S.C. (Supp. IV) 160(c), U.S.C.A. National Board ordered reinstatement eleven discriminatorily discharged employees Seven-Up Bottling Company, with back pay 'to be computed upon a quarterly basis in manner established by F. W. Woolworth Company.' 92 N.L.R.B. 1622, 1640. In case, 90 289, said: 2 'The public interest discouraging obstacles to industrial peace requires that we seek bring about, unfair labor practice cases, 'a restoration situation, as nearly possible, which would have obtained but illegal discrimination.' order this end may effectively accomplished through medium coupled pay, shall order, case before us and future loss on each separate calendar quarter or portion thereof during period from Respondent's discriminatory action date proper offer reinstatement. The periods, hereinafter called 'quarters,' begin first day January, April, July, October. Loss determined deducting sum equal employee) normally earned such thereof, (his) net earnings, if any, other employment period. Earnings one particular no effect back-pay liability any quarter.' N.L.R.B., at 292—293. 3 proceeding sought enforcement against Court Appeals sustained claim Company formula could not applied it: employee is entitled made whole, more. here involved were compensated basis. We see sufficient reason so compute their suspension. * There nothing indicate conditions apprehended exist here.' 5 Cir., 196 F.2d 424, 427—428. Accordingly, court modified Board's awarded entire an was denied reemployment violation Act rather than Since general method computing obviously matter importance administration brought here. 811, 39. 4 Section its award, derives unchanged, far now relevant, (Wagner) Act. 49 449, 454. It charges task devising remedies effectuate policies Of course must functions purposes accomplished, making awards, operates further limitation. regard considerations governing mitigation damages; it must, is, heed 'the taking fair account, civilized legal system, every socially desirable factor final judgment.' Phelps Dodge Corp. v. Board, 313 177, 198, 845, 854, 85 1271. Subject these limitations however, power, broad discretionary one, wield, courts. fashioning undo effects violations draw enlightenment gained experience. When 'in exercise informed discretion,' makes way 'should stand unless can shown patent attempt achieve ends those fairly said Act.' Virginia Electric & Power Co. 319 533, 540, 63 1214, 1218, 87 1568. formula, computation, test, proof judicial challenge. very published wages been 'during discharge (an) less amount subsequent *.' Pennsylvania Greyhound Lines, Inc., 1, 51 (1935)', enforced sub nom. 303 261, 58 571, 82 831. For fifteen years followed had laid down calculated between 1950, supra, cumulative experience many discloses form remedial provision falls short effectuating basic 291. considered adversely affected companion remedy reinstatement.' employee, sometime after discharge, better paying job he from, became profitable employer delay long since put reduced liability. Again, old same circumstances, added pressure waive his right reinstatement, doing terminate running prevent continuing reduction coming him. To avoid consequences new computation. 292 293. 6 weigh countervailing considerations. Nor should require make quantitative appraisal relevant factors, assuming unlikely, feasible. As true comparable judgments who are steeped actual workings specialized matters, conclusions 'express intuition outruns analysis sums up unnamed tangled impressions *'; they none worse it. Chicago, Burlington Quincy R. Babcock, 204 585, 598, 27 326, 329, 636. agency Babcock '(t)he board created purpose using judgment knowledge.' Ibid. 7 will mindful practical interplay two remedies, both within scope authority. Surely fashion complements, conflicts with, another. business give coordinated prefer deal realities entering into bog logomachy, invited to, debate about what 'remedial' 'punitive.' seems more stick closely direction considering does, does not, bear appropriate relation Cf. Gullett Gin Co., 340 361, 71 337, 95 337. course, Republic Steel 311 7, 77, 6, dealt different holding remains undisturbed. 8 urged, evidence record supports order; reasons assigned adopting do rest data has derived proceedings us. But confined proceeding. 'Cumulative experience' begets understanding insight objectively demonstrable validated qualified invalidated. constant process trial error, wider fuller scale single adversary litigation permits, differentiates perhaps anything else administrative process. '(T)he policy peculiarly competence U.S., page 194, 852. That exercised restricted only 9 This say apply worked out experience, without circumstances application situation oppressive therefore maintains seasonal business, earn three times much fourth quarters year second third, calculation context unjust. suggests time enough special facts cannot agree sustained. disagreement, heard issue raises contempt risk them. think settlement issue. 200, 855. Indeed, pre-Woolworth adapted varying result prior issuance orders. See, e.g., Crossett Lumber 440, 496—498; 83 2, n. 4, supra. assume like manner. 10 event, aspect problem properly never objection bases nature business. 10(e) 148, 160(e), provides: 'No urged member, agent, agency, court, failure neglect urge excused because extraordinary circumstances.' Exception XXII Intermediate Report Trial Examiner, objected recommendations contrary unsupported by, law. adequate notice intends press specific raises. Marshall Field 318 253, 744. did either Appeals. No present justify permitting raised time. 11 contends, finally, though might authority devise language fact reenacted while adhered deprived power depart latter. told Congress studied unusual care law developed statute revising reenacting adopted whenever desired results ones reached cases. cited asked conclude proposition change provisions thereby froze decisions rendered provisions. carries generalization. Having held failing deduct unemployment compensation payments awards go beyond powers, our supported part took practice. thought agreed acting meant have. 12 Assuming aware calculating here, Gin, reenactment indicated agreement authorized. leads nowhere issue, lead again notice, satisfied thing reenact change. here-though, occasion case—if practice, wanted certain profit did; take mould suited needs declared asserting exercising. infer intent withdraw grant most silent approval exercises 13 hold enforced. 14 Reversed. 15 DOUGLAS, dissenting. 16 I use awards. regardless accord usual computation serve whole; even necessary On hand some cases produce inequitable result. 17 Where, employer's fluctuates, employee's income constant. He month next, next. Seasonal variations high total low A secures normal rate income, yearly substantially regular job. apparently case. If, therefore, basis, probably receive award excess discharged. large amount, difference lower outside employment. provided yielded him plus exceeds Such unwarranted. allowed when given glaringly works injustice. exceptions rules; guardian exceptions, well itself. 18 MINTON, whom THE CHIEF JUSTICE joins, 19 enter 'bog logomachy' start retract plainly twelve ago reaffirmed late 1951 then now. 20 company due wrongfully amounts received 'work relief' projects deducted United States Government. review question payment Government, there Government work relief. whole punished employer. 21 construing pertinent 22 '(The Board) direct bargain appear chosen representatives reinstated pay. All measures relate protection redress grievances, supposed injury secure collective bargaining whole. 23 'As sole demand governments, relies provides finds person complaint lodged engaged order—'requiring cease desist affirmative action, including Act'. 24 'This construed harmony spirit intended vest virtually unlimited discretion punitive measures, thus prescribe penalties fines 'this confer jurisdiction enabling inflict penalty choose practices, effectuated order'. command remedial, punitive. Consolidated Edison 305 197, 235, 236, 59 206, 219, 126. see, also, 267, 268, 574, 575, adhere construction.' 11—12, 79. 25 understand now, all punishing conceded rule heretofore fail 26 undoubtedly common-law damages breach contract measure discharged, breach. American Trading Steele, 274 774, 782; Williston, Contracts (rev. ed. 1937), 1358; McCormick Damages (1935) §§ 158, 160. By approved instant often greater job, services Thus, avowed guide allowing violated, namely, accordingly penalized. 28 employed paid reimbursed interpreted rule, applied, always that. more, less. having consistently over years, completely overhauled changing interpretation, become changed. Helvering J. Reynolds Tobacco 306 110, 114, 423, 425, 536; Taft Commissioner, 304 351, 357, 891, 894, 1393; Hartley 295 216, 220, 55 756, 757, 79 1399; Stairs Peaslee, How. 521, 526, 474.

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