Document: 380 U.S. 39 85 S.Ct. 769 13 L.Ed.2d 641 Thomas J. CRIDER, Petitioner,v.ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY. No. 116. Argued Jan. 19, 1965. Decided March 1, Max C. Pope, Birmingham, Ala., for petitioner, pro hac vice, by special leave of Court. R. Foster Etheredge, respondent. Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion 1 Petitioner, a resident Alabama and employed there Lawler Construction Co., Inc., Georgia corporation, was injured. Both he were under Georgia's Workmen's Compensation Act at time. Petitioner sued in an court obtained judgment default against Lawler. Respondent, insurer Lawler, Federal District Court petitioner on his judgment, federal jurisdiction being based diversity citizenship. The granted respondent's motion to dismiss (224 F.Supp. 87) Appeals affirmed. 324 F.2d 499. case is here writ certiorari. 377 942, 84 1354, 12 306. 2 stood Green v. A. Jones Const. 5 Cir., 161 359, which held that Mississippi state had no award damages same disability, decisions settling point remedy provided 'an exclusive one can be afforded only' Board. Ibid. 3 We assume lower courts correct stating what law is. But mere fact if Georgia, would have follow course does not necessarily mean error taking cause. 4 dealt with injury occurring while working Alabama. Under Bradford Electric Light Co. Clapper, 286 145, 52 571, 76 L.Ed. 1026, State could fix personal injuries involving its residents wherever accident happened Full Faith Credit Clause (Art. IV, § 1) required other States refuse enforce any inconsistent remedy. That been all fours present rather than Alaska Packers Assn. Industrial Acc. Commission, 294 532, 55 518, 79 1044, Pacific Employers Ins. Accident 306 493, 59 629, 83 940, marks break Clapper philosophy. allowed residence injured employee supply different from place injury, even though agreed bound latter Insurance person California recover California's Massachusetts resident, regularly corporation purported give In Carroll Lanza, 349 408, 75 804, 99 1183, Arkansas, where occurred, grant common-law Missouri, home State, exclusive. As we stated case: 'Missouri make her exclusive, she chooses, it as pleases within borders. Once policy extended into States, considerations come play. Arkansas adopt Missouri's likes. Or, teaches, may supplement or displace another, insofar remedies acts boundaries are concerned. Were otherwise, occurred powerless provide safeguards nonresident employees do think demands subserviency injury.' Id., pp. 413—414, 807—808. 6 lives has large considerable interest event. said supra, p. 413, 807, 'The tort occurs certainly concern problems following wake injury. medical care possible dependents among these * *.' perhaps larger concern, expected return; community impact apt most keenly felt. Certainly when employee, least commensurate nonresident, Lanza. If sufficient override remedy, here. 7 regard reflected rendered this suit instituted. adopted enforced Georgia—a procedure indicated 500, 632, might follow. Here, Ass'n. U.S., 544, S.Ct., 522, '* compensation either may, consistently due process, applied consistent view said, already quoted, forum 'supplement' 'displace' constitutional requirements. 414, 807. 8 It earnestly argued dissent decision, followed case, 'did rest grounds,' post. 46. Rather expresses merely conflicts rule.1 so read Green. There decision controlled principle 'where provision liability claimed coupled but commission, alone must 359. This almost verbatim restatement rule adverted Tennessee Coal, Iron & George, 233 354, 34 587, 588, 58 997: "where alone, employed." And our older cases assumed broad compelled Clause. See, e.g., ibid., cited; Atchison, T. S.F.R. Sowers, 213 55, 29 397, 53 695; also discussion Pearson Northeast Airlines, 309 553. But, demonstrated, eroded line beginning Insurance. Our holding frees remand reconsider free supposed compulsion. 9 Reversed. 10 GOLDBERG, whom HARLAN STEWART join, dissenting. 11 resolution issue before necessitates setting out history litigation more detail originally brought action employer three-count complaint, first count relying Alabama's two common law. He then voluntarily dismissed counts reinstituted sole express reliance Act. A entered petitioner's favor basis new complaint. No appeal taken judgment. filed complaint respondent, employer's insurance company, previously Respondent asserted defense that, since upon provides primary administrative board precludes original jurisdiction, lacked subject matter enter therefore, respondent contended, void collaterally attacked enforcement proceeding. Petitioner's demurrer overruled court. Following this, next day us, identical previous action. again lack Based defense, after submission briefs oral argument, Judge Grooms relied Fifth Circuit. 224 87, 88. went hold, cases, action, was, law, collateral attack. affirmed per curiam prior supra. whether own act concedes facts case,1 plainly hold. See 940; 1183. I noted, who both those solely raised whether, Clause, claims created another violation State's fixed only board. settles and, my view, question difficulty. Coal 997, cf. 553 (C.A.2d Cir.); Kilberg N.Y.2d 34, 211 N.Y.S.2d 133, 172 N.E.2d 526. 14 On record presented seems clear me should reach question. independently forbids piecemeal borrowing statutes denies entertain statute, Constitution such need reached. recognizes, ante, 42-43, bypasses threshold reaches ultimate problem. doing, disregards long-settled will pass questions grounds disposed of. Siler Louisville Nashville 175, 451, 753; Ashwander Valley Authority, 297 288, 347, 56 466, 483, 80 688 (Brandeis, J., concurring), cited. 15 Court's inversion reaching issues ones, reads below 'supposed compulsion,' 771, independent believe did their they determined 16 Grooms, experienced lawyer, makes deciding attacked.2 apparently dispute this. It, however, opinions determination without conclusion, relies cited controlling Circuit's Ante, 40. resting full faith credit careful reading Green, discloses grounds. 17 dismissal United statute involved case. conclusion 'it quite ruled resort relief.' authority 'principle' Restatement Law, Conflict Laws, 618, Comment a, Missouri clearly applying law.3 18 While language general similar quoted opinion, indication whatsoever conceived compulsion emanating dictum George Nowhere mention or, indeed, Moreover, authorities similarly concept Restatement's position grounds.4 Neither reference including true cited, refers Finally, text writers accord basing Clause.5 19 like whole 'leaves impression probably felt constrained because (decisions Court),' Minnesota National Tea 551, 554—555, 60 676, 678, 920, 'because enunciated hold,' ex rel. Southern Ry. Mayfield, 340 5, 71 3, 95 3. Jankovich Indiana Toll Road Comm., 379 487, 492, 496. 20 Thus decided principles, assumption rule.6 When instant referred referring compulsion, adhere. Again, nothing remote authority. presume courts, particularly would, light settled Court, decide determining Alma Motor Timken Detroit Axle 329 129, 136—137, 67 231, 233—234, 91 128. me, 21 Even am wrong point, assuming justify ignoring supported consequence, reached decided. Cf. Neese 350 77, 131, 100 60. 22 Singleton Hope Engineering 223 Ala. 538, 540, 137 So. 441, 442—443, Supreme issue, vested exclusively Commission. cite indeed whatsoever. arose direct appeal, significant. expressly controversy, permits attack validity judgment.7 noted above, claim vitality precedent impaired way.8 prejudice, overruling controversy. For reasons 23 Certiorari necessitated Since, unnecessary improper improvidently granted. 24 analysis erroneous conceive be, still agree appropriate determine issue. doubt, exists lurking circumstances, done vacate clarification status 25 reasons, respectfully disposition Wells Simonds Abrasive 345 514, 516, 73 856, 857, 97 1211: states rules conflict laws choose, Kryger Wilson, 1916, 242 171, 37 61 229, restrictions. compel particular set laws; sets certain minimum requirements each observe asked apply sister state.' points out, 39, 40, stated, F.Supp., 88: 'Since DeKalb County Circuit matter, open inquiry where, here, void. City Birmingham Reed, 35 Ala.App. 31, 44 So.2d 607; Murphy N.R. 258 138, 3; Crump Knight, 256 601, 625; Freeman McBroom, 943. 'A party privies assail Fife Pioneer Lumber 237 92, 185 759; Cobbs Norville, 27 621, 151 576.' n. 2, were: Elliott De Soto Crude Oil Purchasing Corp., D.C., 743; Franzen E. I. Du Pont Nemours 146 837; Logan Bridge 157 Ark. 528, 249 S.W. 21; Oren Swift 330 Mo. 869, 51 S.W.2d 59. conjunction §§ Comments thereto. regard, 117l 117m Second, Tentative Draft (1957), compared. Larson, Law 356 (1961); Goodrich, Laws 189 (1964); Ehrenzweig, nn. 23, 32 (1962). addition note discussed infra, see Mosely Empire Gas Fuel 313 225, 281 762; Davis 175 Tenn. 210, 133 483; Grenier Alta Crest Farms, 115 Vt. 324, A.2d 884. concerned situations situation. significant tenative draft Second reaffirms rule. 4, (1957).

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