Document: 331 U.S. 519 67 S.Ct. 1387 91 L.Ed. 1646 BROTHERHOOD OF RAILROAD TRAINMENv.BALTIMORE & O.R. CO. et al. No. 970. Argued May 6, 1947. Decided June 9, On Appeal from the District Court of United States for Northern Illinois, Eastern Division. Mr. Burke Williamson, Chicago, Ill., appellant. Ernest S. Ballard, appellees. Justice MURPHY delivered opinion Court. 1 Our concern here is with intervention rights representatives railroad employees in a suit brought against under § 16(12) Interstate Commerce Act, 49 U.S.C. 16(12), U.S.C.A. 16(12). 2 The origin this to be found an order issued by Commission on 16, 1922. Chicago Junction Case, 71 I.C.C. 631. See also 264 258, 44 317, 68 667. there approved purchase New York Central Railroad Co. (Central) all capital stock River Indiana (River Road); it authorized leasing Road properties Railway (Junction) 99 years and thereafter, at lessee's option, perpetuity. Among question were trackage switching facilities Union Stock Yards, connecting various trunk lines. Prior order, practice had been line railroads use their own power crews move empty loaded livestock cars over these tracks loading places Yards. For privilege so moving cars, charged $1.00 per car, or empty. 3 made conditions its approval proposed transactions. third condition provided: 'The present traffic operating relationships existing between carriers shall continued, far as such matters are within control Central.' 639. This still effect, Commission's decision having valid binding parties proceeding 1929.1 4 have continued operated paid amount car. But January 25, 1946, notified that after February 1, would moved means handling charge $12.96 outbound Soon new went into (appellees herein) preliminary permanent injunctions Act Central, Junction. They claimed was violation 922 Commis sion order. accordingly sought enjoin defendants 'their respective officers, agents, representatives, servants, successors,' disobeying especially thereof, force permit them crews. allowed intervene party plaintiff; intervening complaint prayed injunction alleged employees.2 5 A stipulation facts then filed. After describing change pointed out resulted settlement Brotherhood Trainmen labor dispute work involved car movements. bargaining agent Labor 45 151 seq., trainmen. It demand, based upon contract Road, trainmen given trackage. threatened call strike unless demand met before 10:30 p.m., 23, threat backed almost unanimous vote Under threat, agreement shortly scheduled hour, result which permitted switch cars. notice subsequently followed. 6 thereupon requested. Junction, restrained 1922 violating commanded court concluded, matter law, relative 'irrelevant immaterial.'3 7 Three days became effective, asked leave file special appearance purpose vacate dismiss proceedings failure join members indispensable parties. motion denied. filed answer original complaint, pointing changed arrangement contending did not violate thereafter generally defendant, alleging primary nullify deprive they performing therefore contention unconditional right virtue 17(11) Act4 Rule 24(a)(2) Federal Rules Civil Procedure, 28 following section 723c; 45a, later added support m otion denied without opinion. 8 appeal denying intervention. appellee ground final hence appealable, being entitled right. We postponed further consideration our jurisdiction review hearing merits. 870. 9 Ordinarily, absence abuse discretion, no lies where permissive discretion court. v. California Co-op. Canneries, 279 553, 556, 423, 424, 73 838.5 nature necessarily implies that, if denied, applicant legally bound prejudiced any judgment might entered case. He liberty assert protect his interests some more appropriate proceeding. Having adverse effect applicant, falls below level appealability. statute practical necessities grant absolute intervene, becomes appealable. Then may fairly said adversely affected denial, other way he can better particular interest warrants instance. And since cannot subsequent does has degree definitiveness supports therefrom. Missouri-Kansas Pipe Line States, 312 502, 508, 61 666, 668, 85 975. 10 consider thus depends applicant's intervene. If absolute, appealable we judge one trial lack it. In words, identified necessary incidents each must determine case examining character Brotherhood's Act. 11 start 24(a) (b) applicable civil type. deals provides pertinent part: 'Upon timely application anyone action: (1) when confers intervene; (2) representation inadequate action; * *.' contrast, 24(b) concerned reads follows: condititional claim defense main action o law fa ct common. exercising whether will unduly delay prejudice adjudication parties.' 12 claims consequence either two federal statutes—s 45a—it meaning 24(a)(1). alleges possesses contemplation 24(a)(2), possibility real one. No made; nor abused had. 13 view, give instant As set forth 54 Stat. 916,6 portion reads: 'Representatives carrier, duly designated such, heard arising affecting employees.' considerations make obvious fact meets requirements provision: 14 First. unquestioned representative 15 Second. granted applies plain language extending reach 'any Act.' point, however, contend confined Commission, exclusion proceedings. contention, point 17 whole primarily procedure organization. That emphasized heading appears Statutes Large, 913, Code, 17, 'Commission procedure; delegation duties; rehearings.' inference paragraph (11), concerned, limited general context whole. phrase Act,' rewritten construction refer only section.' 16 sanction words. true, course, organization ts subdivi sions administrative disposition coming agency's jurisdiction. At least ten twelve paragraphs deal those matters. cast form 1940, five related exclusively Congress rewrote enacted Transportation 898, continuing modifying previous provisions consolidating including formerly scattered throughout Act.7 same time, expressly recognized certain entirely new, beyond purely Thus committee reports stated8 'A (9) included providing orders division, individual Commissioner, board subject judicial full orders, rehearing acted upon.' said9 end carrier part I By reports, framers something than indicated heading. fails wrote text unusual fact. but short-hand reference involved. While accurately referring subjects organization, neglects reveal employee representatives. headings titles meant take place detailed text. Nor designed guide synopsis. Where complicated prolific, do indicate most genral manner; attempt specific provision often ungainly well useless. result, deviate falling pattern frequently unreflected titles. Factors type led wise rule title limit Fisher, Cranch 358, 386, 304; Cornell Coyne, 192 418, 430, 24 383, 385, 48 504; Strathearn S.S. Dillon, 252 348, 354, 40 350, 351, 64 607. interpretative purposes, shed light ambiguous word phrase. tools available resolution doubt. undo makes plain. 18 Here unmistakable face. There simple unambiguous Act' or, House paraphrased it,10 I.' warrant limiting allow Commission. mentioned arise both arise.11 ready illustration Act; solely Act.12 Hence towhich attach 17(11). 19 perceive reason statutory policy why should wished confine Occasions arise, case, proceeding, very definite When used covers types proceedings, unjustified formulating see fit express way. 20 Third. affects represented Brotherhood. Nothing could plainer direct injunctive relief obtained employees. sued required line. Yet precisely conflict Brotherhood, resulting insertion important them. require forego sense. Acts done performance obviously prompted suit; acts performed issuance rise contempt action. impossible say 'affecting employees' 21 Since satisfied remains thereby accorded terms 'may heard,' construed giving discretionary indicated, once met, acquires 22 Some statutes speak 'as right.' enforce aside appear thereto 45a. unconditional. Sprunt Son 281 249, 255, 50 315, 318, 74 832. 23 less 17(11), permits To sufficiently requires situation Once clear present, room operation court's discretion. Whether asserted defended stake decided representative, term intervene' chooses' rather court.' choose 24(a)(1) Procedure. Such conclude gives making unnecessary discuss whether, what extent, apart follows exercise jurisdiction, reverse 25 Reversed. Baltimore (unreported), Division, Equity 3427, 15, 1929. amended 150 32. amendment germane 5(8) 5(8), authorizes seek, grants district courts issue, mandatory restrain compel obedience 5. Seventh Circuit Appeals reversed decree holding nothing complained R. Co., 156 F.2d 357. 916, Ex parte Cutting, 94 14, 49; Credits Commutation 177 311, 636, 782; Leaf Tobacco Board Trade, 222 578, 32 833, 56 323; re Engelhard Sons 231 646, 34 58 416; City Consolidated Gas 253 219, 511, 870; Telephone 261 312, 43 372, 673. chapter chapters words 'this chapter' Part embodies known name prior division parts. Chapter relates II originally Motor Carrier 1935, 301 seq. Section 305(h) cross-reference I: 'All apply chapter.' equivalent III water carriers. 901 916(a) sections 46—48 administration enforcement H.Rep.No.1217, 76th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 13; H.Rep.No.2832, 3d 72. H.Rep.No.2016, 67; 15. Parts note surpa. labeled 'Proceedings payment money.' obey money, injured

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