Document: 330 U.S. 127 67 S.Ct. 544 91 L.Ed. 794 STATE OF OKLAHOMAv.UNITED STATES CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. No. 84. Argued Oct. 17, 18, 1946. Decided Feb. 10, 1947. [Syllabus from pages 127-129 intentionally omitted] Messrs. Mac. Q. Williamson and James W. Bounds, both of Oklahoma City., Okl., for petitioner. Mr. Ralph F. Fuchs, Washington, D.C., respondent. Justice REED delivered the opinion Court. 1 This proceeding brings to this Court* another phase Hatch Act, 18 U.S.C.A. § 61 et seq. The petitioner, State Oklahoma, objects enforcement by United States Civil Service Commission 12(a) act.1 2 France Paris has been a member Highway since January 14, 1943. He was elected chairman Democratic Central Committee his third term in February 1942 he occupied such position continuously until October 1943, when resigned. On 12, issued its letter charges matter which it notified that information had received warranted an investigation into alleged improper political activity on part under provisions 12 Act. charge officer whose principal employment is connection with financed whole or loans grants Federal agency during time also held party office, it, chairmanship above referred to. It later developed no general election occurred Headquarters closed 4, were reopened year direct vicechairman committee, we assume prior Paris' resignation June 14 committee sponsored 'Victory Dinner' City. trial court found as follows: 3 'This dinner designed provide National funds discharge deficit incurred their activities contemplated future activities. promoted sale war bonds did result approximately $14,500,000.00 bonds. netted party, conceded be $30,000.00. staged supervision Governor state details handled appointed Governor. G. Johnston committee. ex officio advised concerning called meeting order introduced toastmaster, but not active planning arranging dinner.' determined these facts constituted taking management campaigns. considered violation removal office Commissioner Oklahoma. ordered notice aforesaid determinations given pursuant 12(b) foreshadowed, if removed, further appropriate certain highway should withheld 'in amount equal two years compensation' Paris. 4 Pursuant 12(c) after having Commission's determination, instituted proceedings review proper district States. That court, F.Supp. 355, upheld action affirmed Circuit Court Appeals Tenth Circuit. v. Commission, 153 F.2d 280. Certiorari sought allowed because importance issues involved administration justice, 328 831, 66 1342, 12(c), 53 Stat. 1147, amended, 54 767, 240(a) Judicial Code, 28 347(a). 5 contends judgments below are invalid following reasons: 6 '(1) Political Activity so far attempts regulate internal affairs state, invasion sovereignty states Constitution. unlawful delegation power. 7 '(2) If valid, Act applies only 'active' participation Such shown present case. 8 '(3) warrant ordering or, alternatively, application penalty 9 '(4) decisions lower courts place intolerable unjustified restriction upon right aggrieved person complete judicial Act.' 10 First. Government's first contention standing attack constitutionality 12. argued legal capacity question manner limits appropriation through 12(a); merely procedural assure statutory requirem nts observed safeguard against exercise arbitrary power permission wage entire arrangement.2 11 treated objection state's bring suit, made memorandum respondent petition certiorari, would out time. A failure object party's waiver defect. Parker Motor Boat Sales, 314 244, 251, 62 221, 225, 86 184. other hand, meaning justiciable controversy exists petitioner suffers injury may protect legally withdrawal portion grant-in-aid, objection, questions act point, timely although Court.3 We think latter more correctly reflects respondent's contention. urges cases listed note showing relation between federal government arising grants-in-aid removed mandatory. therefore treat issue properly before us. whether can challenge order. Subsection (c) gives any record extends fact law. determines accordance law.' law, remanded 'with directions either make determination shall determine law take requires.'4 predicated. 13 all pertinent times. organization member. During period question, 15, while Chairman Committee, allotment statute contributed over $2,000,000 work Commission.5 Nothing indicates sums otherwise than regular apportionment among Congress create enforceable rights where none existed. Payments at unfettered inclination disbursing according standards, compliance entitled receive her share appropriations construction agencies. have payment sums, including authorizes require allocating withhold grants.6 virtue congressional enactments terms therein prescribed. Violation normally creates cause even without specific authorization review.7 those could withdrawn grant responsibility officers Government. Perhaps, disbursement, add own free will additional requirements erected administrative bars, is, condition might bars left allotted subject limitation complied Issues presented though raised closely akin private wrongs.8 Either employee maintain review. examine conditions authority legality Therefore basis, 12(a), open adjudication. fix orders.9 By providing orders Oklahoma's cognizance. became enforceable. Interference full set aside case authorized challenge.10 reading show special interest preventing withheld.11 named employer affected 12(a). Notices sent it. Funds conditions. 'party aggrieved.'12 When brought authority, Was within competency Commission? included basis order, 12(a).13 Only constitutional limits, said resulting legal. To must include 15 cited Government pointing toward lack adjudicate inapposite. None deny jurisdiction entered. authorities relied do hold imply contrary our conclusion. In Commonwealth Massachusetts Mellon, 262 447, 43 597, 1078, others decrees enjoin Maternity 42 161 denied jurisdiction, page 480, 599, burden placed infringed, 482, S.Ct., 598, 1078. Perkins Lukens Steel Co., 310 113, 60 869, 84 1108, manufacturer who desired sell official's definition 'locality,' official required minimum wages 'locality' Public Contracts 41 35 denial decide 'litigable rights' deal bestowed would-be seller, 125 U.S., 875, 877 1108. prospective seller nothing purchase fixed Alabama Power Co. Ickes, 302 64, 479, 58 300, 303, 82 374, company competition, illegal loans. differentiated each foregoing existence allocated deductions. 16 rule one same rely assail statute14 applicable situation. cites, litigants advantages they wished attack, mere sue. What concerned estoppel sue allowable scope jurisdiction. 17 From point view, intend broad enough final sentence supra, comes near demonstrating unsoundness reads: 'If provision subsection applied respect thereupon become effective enacted.' 19 see mean anything invalidity (unconstitutionality) affect Commission. view conclusion hereinafter expressed constitutional, particular 20 absence legislative consideration attacks negatives 'the intended Section avenue 12(a).'15 But agree extended discussion implication denies litigant constitutionality. form different proposed. Cong.Rec. 2468. No change purpose, however, appears. proposer feared action. Id., 2469. Others liberty. thought reached intimated review.16 subsequent changes bill modify review.17 21 Second. Petitioner's chief reliance unconstitutional so-called invade way violate Amendment18 'possible forfeitures alternative penalties state.' says 'provides commencement appeal Commission: '* * operate stay unless (1) specifically (2) suspended pendency proceedings. *" coercive effect interference reserved powers state. 22 Workers America Mitchell, decided day, viewpoint employee's freedom expression matters acting violates angle. acting, officio, purpose raising Party selling constitute management. While local officials, does money allotments disbursed. 23 Amendment forbid proceeded As pointed Darby, 312 100, 124, 657, 451, 462, 85 609, 132 A.L.R. 1430, consistently construed 'as depriving national resort means granted plainly adapted permitted end.' end better public service requiring administer needs abstain partisanship. So taken certa n never invalid.19 shows attempt suspend duties assertion valid. There adequate separability clause. imposed hearing had, conformable politics justified membership chose remove him. State's adopted 'simple expedient' yielding what she coercion. Compare offer benefits dependent cooperation plans, assumedly welfare, unusual.20 24 give standards measure activities, quoted 1. section test employees then classified civil service. 'Service similar prohibited.' politics. Senator debate prohibition.21 Obviously covered language words abstention 'any campaigns' derived Rule I persisted there 1907.22 25 argues acts arbitrary, unreasonable abuse discretion. tenure stated. said, Cir., 284, 'Manifestly, solid footing warranted.' agree.23 26 Finally, 1, 'every minute detail case' 'determine sufficient exist support reasonably just y applied, independently resolve forum instance.' argument differs preceding paragraph, drawn 'The entire, evidence hearing, extend affirm modified stipulated findings fact, 357(5); 280, 283, issue, limited examination abused discretion removal. heretofore stated, underwent passage act.24 finally adopted, reviewing directed remand 'is 12(c)25 employee,' 12(b), Since notes 37 38 75, 556 clear violated Note supra. hardly See 357(6) (7); 284. 27 Judgment affirmed. MURPHY JACKSON took decision 29 BLACK RUTLEDGE dissent. 30 FRANKFURTER, concurring. 31 course settled consider whenever counsel, well Mansfield, C. & L.M.R. Swan, 111 379, 382, 510, 511, 462. urge claim Congressional grant-in-aid involve 'jurisdiction' sense court's invoke litigation came here. too late raise stage. Assuming here, my context read, correctness procedure validity (c), 767 amending U.S.C. 61l(b) 61l(b, c). 32 Administrative Procedure apply Pub.L.No. 404, 79th Cong., 2d Sess. 11, 1946 1011. will, due course, pre ent problems ought anticipate them when, being irrelevant, used illustrative illustrations depend 33 Apart foregoing, REED'S opinion. (C.I.O.) Mitchell al., U.s. 556. 61l: 'Sec. (a) '(b) duty making loan use whom reason believe subsection, report thereto (hereinafter 'Commission'). Upon receipt report, seems investigation, registered mail send charged employing setting forth summary hearing. At (which earlier ten days mailing notice) agency, both, appear counsel heard. After violation, any, warrants committed employment, notify determination. finds thirty removal, subsequently (within eighteen months) State, certify notification years' compensation rate receiving violation; except appointment receives rder withholding agency: '(c) Any (b) may, institute thereof filing written resides; copy forthwith served file transcript complained made. as, requires. judgment decree final, circuit appeals cases, Supreme certiorari certification provided sections 239 240 amended (U.S.C., 1934 edition, title 28, secs. 346 347). enacted. 15. prohibit persons campaigns deemed takes prohibited rules prohibiting campaigns.' 61o. 1078; 1108; 464, together cases. ground appears record. LeTulle Scofield, 308 415, 421, 313, 316, 355; City Gainesville Brown-Crummer 277 54, 59, 48 454, 456, 72 781. 12(c). 212, §§ 1—117, 1—117. Cf. Columbia Broadcasting System States, 316 407, 422, 1194, 1202, 1563. Deitrick Greaney, 309 190, 198, 200, 201, 484, 485, 694; Steele Louisville Nashville Railroad 323 192, 202, 65 226, 232. Colegrove Greene, 549, 1198. American Securities Exchange Comm., 325 385, 389, 1254, 1256, 89 1683. Pacific Light 307 156, 159, 59 766, 768, 83 1180. Chicago Junction Case, 264 258, 266, 44 317, 320, 68 667 (Second); Z. Assets ealization Corporation Hull, 311 470, 351, 354, 288. 1180; Communications Sanders Brothers Radio Station, 476, 642, 693, 698, 869; 390, 1257, 1683; Fleming, 329 531, 463. Labor Relations Board Jones Laughlin, 301 25, 43, 49, 57 615, 619, 627, 629, 630, 81 893, 108 1352; Norwegian Nitrogen Products 288 294, 321, 324, 350, 360, 362, 77 796; Ruzicka, 287, 207. includes thereunder. Pub.Law Sess., Sec. 10(e), 1009(e): 'Scope necessary relevant interpret provisions, applicability (A) compel unlawfully unreasonably delayed; (B) action, findings, conclusions capricious, discretion, law; right, power, privilege, immunity; (3) excess limitations, short right; (4) observance (5) unsupported substantial reviewed statute; (6) unwarranted extent novo court. portions account prejudicial error.' Review,' Legislative History, S.Doc.No. 248, p. 213, (e), 278, 10(e). Hurley Fisheries, 257 223, 83, 206; Fuel Gas Kentucky, 278 49 150, 73 390; Great Falls Mfg. Attorney General, 124 581, 631, 527. cites 2354, 2429, 2440, 2468—2474, 9448, 9452; H.Rep. 2376, 76th 3d 9. 2470: 'Mr. Lucas. great opinions Nebraska. rise ask him question: Does Nebraska liberty pending legislation way? Norris. so. words, individual invaded? President, now understand Senator's question. Some honest men lawyers am invaded. easily tested, amendment passed upon. invaded, th unconstitutional, get immediately various kinds applications. carried pass adoption assist respect. very soon, amendment, fall. entertains entertained Illinois individual, then, last resort? Senator. need matter. put however ingenious be, away citizen, citizen go contained amendment.' 9446, 9495. delegated Constitution, nor respectively, people.' Veazie Bank Fenno, Wall. 533, 547, 482; Stearns Minnesota, 179 73, 81, 45 162; Florida 273 47 265, 71 511; Helvering Therrell, 303 218, 539, 758; Wright Union Life Ins. 304 502, 516, 1025, 1033, 1490; Ashwander Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 288, 338, 56 466, 80 688. Steward Machine Davis, 548, 593—598, 883, 893—894, 1279, 109 1293; Bekins, 27, 51—54, 811, 815—817, 1137. Law School Review, Corwin: National-State Cooperation, 687, 698. 2938, exhibit. Jacob Siegel Trade 327 608, 758. 2468—2474; S. 3046 House Representatives, Calendar 924, 1940, pp. 17; H.Rep.No. resulted 9448. section: supported evidence, conclusive.' 769.

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