Document: 488 U.S. 93 109 S.Ct. 407 102 L.Ed.2d 395 Frank C. CARLUCCI, Secretary of Defense, et al., Petitionersv.John DOE. No. 87-751. Argued Oct. 11, 1988. Decided Dec. 6, Syllabus After respondent, a cryptographic material control technician at the National Security Agency (NSA), disclosed to NSA officials that he had engaged in homosexual relationships with foreign nationals, his employment was terminated pursuant personnel regulations setting forth procedures for removal "for cause," which were promulgated under provisions Act 1959 (1959 Act) empowering or designee, appoint employees. Claiming does not authorize removals and could only be discharged 5 U.S.C. § 7532—which provides that, "[n]otwithstanding other statutes," head an agency "may" suspend then remove employees "in interests national security," so long as they have been given, inter alia, preremoval hearing by designee—respondent requested before Secretary. That request denied on ground respondent removed regulations, do include right such hearing, Secretary's 7532 summary authority. Granting judgment petitioners, Director, respondent's suit challenging removal, District Court held although elected proceed either 50 833—which is part Personnel Procedures Act, employee upon determining termination set statutes "cannot invoked consistently security"—NSA also authority provided Act. The Appeals reversed optional application vacated remainder Court's decision, holding security reasons must occur 833, because disclaimed reliance resort rather than NSA's cause mandatory. Held: Neither 833 nor barred from invoking its for-cause mechanism adopted regulation 99-104. (a) Although expressly confers appointment power refer termination, nevertheless, matter statutory construction, office incident appointment, absent specific provision contrary. Keim v. United States, 177 290, 20 574, 44 L.Ed. 774. There has no showing Congress impliedly indicated contrary purpose subsequent amendments. 99. (b) §§ are exclusive means reasons, but instead contemplate alternative recourse ordinary mechanisms established express language those sections. Thus, since terminate if cannot security, it follows may, even must, where jeopardize security. Similarly, mandatory since, providing section, effect, declares though might permit it, may procedures, governing terminations laws. This discretionary aspect manifest section's legislative history. intended would procedure this like cases, permissible without initial suspension adherence standard Cole Young, 351 536, 546, 76 861, 868, 100 1396, whereby "immediate threat harm 'national security' " required order invoked. Indeed, when later passed impose restrictions various affected agencies, stringency conflict more lenient authorizing revocation clearance consequent dismissal. Appeals' view construction necessary provide sought grounds equivalent section assumes dismissal less protective guaranteed 7532, assumption borne out record case. More significantly, enacted extend new protections runs counter explicit congressional statements legislation proposed increase heads' grounds. Pp. 261 U.S.App.D.C. 96, 820 F.2d 1275 (CADC 1987) remanded. WHITE, J., delivered opinion unanimous Court. Michael K. Kellogg, Washington, D.C., petitioners. John G. Gill, Jr., Rockville, Md., respondent. Justice WHITE 1 issue case whether (NSA) proper Doe, employee. did not—a decision we disagree. We first describe relevant 2 Section Title States Code, relied, 1950 reenacted codified 1966, Chapter 75 5, deals adverse actions against States. See 7532. "may pay" considers action "necessary see 7532(a), remove" suspended advisable security." 7532(b). Subsection (c) specifies procedural entitled prior removal.1 3 empowers establish positions thereto "as carry functions agency." Note following 402. By virtue who preferred eligible veterans "excepted" service, hence covered Civil Service Reform 1978. 7511-7513. Pursuant Defense Department Directive 5100.23 (May 17, 1967), printed App. 86-5395 (CADC), p. 60, delegated internal regulations. Central Management Manual 30-2 (PMM), Ch. 370 (Aug. 12, 1980), Pet. Cert. 36a. these describes removing employees, states generally "such will promote efficiency service," 3-4, 39a. Dismissals guarantee protections, 30-day advance notice, opportunity respond legal representation, written final decision. assigns some further appeal Merit Systems Protection Board, nonveterans Doe right; review Defense. 4 In 1964, amended Internal passing relating "Personnel Agency." 78 Stat. 168, 831-833 (NSA Act). 831 requires promulgate assuring person employed continue access classified information unless "clearly consistent determination final. Director implemented through including requiring NSA. PMM, 371, 1-1, 1-3. 832(a) proscribes any subjected full field investigation "cleared information." addition, directs boards appraisal assist appraising loyalty suitability persons cases doubts suitability. 832(b). 833(a) gives officer whenever "to interest States" determines stated law began 1982 16 years, nationals. notified governs cause. notification letter Virginia Jenkins, Civilian Personnel, dated November 23, 1982, explained Doe's "indiscriminate personal conduct unidentified nationals" makes impossible continued—and essential employment—access information. 83. notice advised adjudicatory rights contest exercised counsel, answer results psychiatric evaluation threat. 832(b), convened board appraisal, ultimately concluded inconsistent 5395 108. being revoked. Because condition employment, him Doe. Relying claiming after official designee. Both replied cause" PMM 6 brought constitutional He charged, Act's employees; apply 7532's Director. argument granted Acknowledging authority, court Weinberger, Civ. Action 85-1996 (DC, Apr. 25, 1986). 7 applicability (1987). chronology indicates predates establishment NSA, dismissals acknowledged 833's parallel scheme, remand compliance obligatory. Director's petition certiorari. 485 904, 108 1073, 99 233 (1988). 8 authorizes positions, thereto, regard civil service laws, officers Agency, Secretary, turn, issued delegate covering both hiring held, interpretation, "specific contrary, appointment." 293, 575, 774 (1900); Crenshaw 134 99, 108, 10 431, 434, 33 825 (1890); Cafeteria Workers McElroy, 367 886, 896, 81 1743, 1749, 1230 (1961). questions general proposition, shown 9 Appeals, however, our view, history provisions. states: "[N]otwithstanding sections 7512 title law," finds "the prescribed . Petitioners correctly argue procedures.2 11 It address permissive character construed statute require all based notwithstanding available regimes. 12 reached conclusion relying two sentences House Report bill became predecessor These state guarantees department 7532.3 passage, indicate displaces otherwise applicable agencies section.4 Read understood them, confound evidence history.5 13 measures supplement, narrow, procedures. applies special class unreviewable initiative unspecified scope. suspended. An ineligible elsewhere Government approval Office Management. 7312. light nature, there "an immediate sense delay "normal procedures" "cause serious damage 1396 (1956). Were Young standard. unconvinced result 14 831-833, restriction agencies. considerations selecting Just need find "inconsistency" reject applicant seeking information, 831, too authorized recommend denial cancellation "doubt[s]" adhere board's recommendation affirmative finding interest. ibid. Under ordered suffice mandated 832(a), stringent imposed 15 section. approach doubtful say least. said, pay, affords undefined scope head, attaches sanction governmental employment. neither preceded entail collateral bar federal case, payroll until removed, received, accorded him, inferior Navy Egan, 484 518, 533, 818, 827, 98 918 (1988), rejected Navy's dismissed heads departments sensitive activities summarily considered bad risks, their services develops facts support action." S.Rep. 2158, 2; H.R.Rep. 2330, 2. thus agree Board similar "section basis revocations," Egan Navy, 28 M.S.P.R. 509, 521 (1985), Federal Circuit "[t]here nothing text suggest preempt 7513 taken permissive." 802 1563, 1568 (1986). 17 Accordingly, reversed, remanded proceedings opinion.6 18 So ordered. 7532(c) accords removal: "(A) statement charges within 30 days suspension, thereafter shall specifically permit; (B) thereafter, plus additional amended, submit affidavits; (C) employee, duly constituted purpose; (D) made final; (E) 5210.45, 9, 1964), (emphasis added), reads: "When conditions [in 833—i.e., (1) provisions, (2) safeguard security—] exist, shall, appropriate, take law, applicable, civilian exercise [§ 833] cannot, paramount interests, carried law." state: "Under present respect [the Departments State Defense,] risk concerned. extends [of agencies]." 81st Cong., 2d Sess., (1950). noted 7533 "impair powers vested Atomic Energy Commission [AEC]—or requirement—that adequate administrative review" yet omit exception pre-existing agency. extrapolated except AEC, supplants involving conjecture extracts far meaning warranted mention preserve unique, expansive particularly indicating permissive. Numerous reports antecedents extraordinary, supplementary enable responsible rare, urgent threats See, e.g., 2, (1950); 1155, 80th (1948); Hearing S. 1561 1570 Subcommittee Senate Committee Armed Services, 2-3, (1948). Respondent defends violated own him. claim, well others argued court, prefer leave instance.

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