Document: 338 U.S. 232 70 S.Ct. 14 94 L.Ed. 22 GRAHAM et al.v.BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE FIREMEN & ENGINEMEN. No. 16. Argued Oct. 10, 1949. Decided Nov. 7, Mr. Joseph L. Rauh, Jr., Washington, D.C., for petitioners. Milton Kramer, respondent. Justice JACKSON delivered the opinion of Court. 1 Twenty-one Negro firemen, sometime employed by southern railroads, brought this suit against principal defendant, Brotherhood Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, three two local lodges Brotherhood, certain officers those lodges. The complaint alleges in substance that is an exclusively white man's union and, as it includes a majority craft, possessed sole collective bargaining power behalf entire craft including firemen consequence Railway Labor Act. It has negotiated agreements arrngements with railroads which discriminate colored who are denominated 'not-promotable' while ones 'promotable.' effect to deprive them, solely because their race, rights job assignments seniority would entitle them. Many have been thus displaced or demoted replaced having less seniority. asked declaration petitioner's rights, injunction restraining compliance above agreements, damages. In short, cause action pleaded substantially same Court sustained Steele v. Louisville Nashville R. Co., 323 192, 65 226, 89 173, Tunstall 210, 235, 187. 2 needless recite additional details present case. What adds governing facts earlier cases continuing willful disregard unmistakable terms said must be accorded firemen. 3 Upon complaint, supplemented evidence deliberate elimination was proceeding at rapid pace they soon entirely displaced, motion made preliminary prevent further discrimination loss pending outcome litigation. 4 did not meet allegations bill affidavits. rested on dismiss, assigning grounds had properly served process venue unlawfully laid District Columbia. trial court, after hearing parties these matters, denied dismiss granted injunction. 5 alone petitioned Appeals under Columbia Code, § 17—101, special appeal stay These were court reversed. Holding improperly Columbia, ordered case transferred Northern Ohio. 84 U.S.App.D.C. 67; 175 F.2d 802. We certiorari. 337 954, 69 1527. 6 At outset we met contention support judgment below service upon legally perfected, case, course, before all. Court, subject, held sufficient. noted question raised but reverse ground. Instead, considered length whether constitutionally entertained courts subject hardly ripe decision if commenced anywhere. Moreover, its Ohio, could exert only adequate confer jurisdiction parties. accept ruling adequacy service, based essentially matters fact, undisturbed impliedly approved Appeals. hold personal respondent established. 7 This founded federal law, provision generally applicable time required such actions district whereof defendant 'is inhabitant.' 28 U.S.C.A. 112. Effective September 1, 1948, modified require 'only judicial where all defendants reside, except otherwise provided law.' U.S.C. (Supp. II), 1391b, 1391(b). assumed below, since involves fact do stop inquire correct so doing, general statute authority bringing supported, claims neither reside nor inhabit District. 8 But there is, additionally, enacted Congress, permits maintained shall 'an inhabitant of, found within, District.' D.C.Code 11 308. (Italics supplied.) See also 11—306. concluded within District, finding. deny 'found' meaning Act, Act itself unavailing plaintiff believed constitutional Congress Art. I, 8, Cl. 17, provide government does enable vest courts. reasoning O'Donoghue United States, 289 516, 53 740, 77 1356. 9 Little accomplished reviewing conflicting theories origin extent congressional over enough say read any prior invest hear decide here. party asserting right Constitution laws may invoke either statutes exercise committed them either. 10 strenuously urged throughout view provisions Norris-LaGuardia 29 101 seq., without grant relief pass contention, first impression should disposed consider here rpesent stage proceedings. impression. Virginian Co. System Federation 40, 300 515, 57 592, 81 789, compel positive mandates 45 151 benefit protection particular field, groups whose preserved To depart from views strike labor's hands weapon employ enforce minority petitioners assert now secured statute. deprives labor means enforcing specifically indeed 'turn blade inward.' adhere expressed 12 urges controversy involve dispute accordingly distinguished facts. defines 'labor dispute' include 'any concerning conditions employment, association representation persons negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing, seeking arrange employment * *.' 113(c), 113(c). (Emphasis Brotherhood's invitation narrow term. purpose vitiated scope limited construed extending efforts duly certified agent obtain recognition employer. involved, taken trouble, refute contentions parts whole extends disputes. 13 cases, supra, arose circumstances almost indistinguishable instant complaints kind relief. that, exclusive statutory representative bargain denial equal promotion opportunities part race. pointed out grants purposes strips minorities self-protection, individuals can enter into employers own behalf. Order Railroad Telegraphers Express Agency, 321 342, 64 582, 88 788; J. I. Case National Relations Board, 332, 576, 762; Medo Photo Supply Corp. 678, 830, 1007. And abuse powers perpetrating discriminatory practices racial considerations gives rise law will entertain remedy although relates federa injunctions disputes, issue pressed, discuss length. However, left no doubt Court's position: 'In absence available administrative remedy, asserted, breach duty represent act members cognizance. That sacrificed obliterated give obligation whih jurisdiction. For command mode enforcement other than resort courts, afford unaffected. analogous employees employer enforced protected Texas New Orleans Ry. S.S. Clerks, 281 (548) 556, 557, 560, 50 (427) 429, 430, 74 1034, Federation, 548, 599, like one remedy.' 207, 234. see 213, 235. 15 serve review reasons which, impelled us conclude imposes invests duty. suffices reiterate law. 16 Nor contain anything suggest recourse equitable illegal ultimately jobs. Conversely nothing enacting subsequent insuring petitioners' nondiscriminatory agent, intended illusory denying remedy. If, spite Virginian, Steele, remains illusion powerless dispel now. representative. 17 Accordingly, reversed, order reinstated, remanded proceedings inconsistent opinion. Let mandate go down forthwith. 18 Reversed remanded. 19 DOUGLAS MINTON took consideration

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