Document: 351 U.S. 493 76 S.Ct. 952 100 L.Ed. 1357 SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY, Petitioner,v.Charles M. GILEO et al. No. 257. Argued May 1, 1956. Decided June 11, Mr. Arthur B. Dunne, San Francisco, Cal., for petitioner. Clifton Hildebrand, Oakland, respondents Gileo and Eelk. Mr.Thomas C. Perkins, Sacramento, respondent Eufrazia. Nathaniel S. Colley, Moreno Aranda. Justice MINTON delivered the opinion of Court. 1 These five cases present questions extent coverage Federal Employers' Liability Act, as amended.1 2 Petitioner, an interstate common carrier by railroad, owns operates a large carshop, known Shop 9, at California. This shop contains department repair petitioner's cars temporarily removed from service engaged in construction new use commerce petitioner subsidiary. 3 Respondents Gileo, Eufrazia Eelk were employed 9. worked on already almost 10 years prior to his transfer car 5 months before he was injured. did work 9 assigned month injury. had repairs, transferred weeks, reassigned been back when incurred Thus, all three these one time jobs but there is no dispute that they exclusively their injuries incurred. 4 brought separate suits against recovery under F.E.L.A. Respondent sued Superior Court City County Sacramento. In suits, claimed not apply because neither it nor therefore courts without jurisdiction entertain actions, exclusive remedy injured employees circumstances resting with Industrial Accident Commission California Workmen's Compensation Act. challenge court rejected case, ruling matter law governed situation it. Petitioner having stipulated issues negligence amount damages, judgment entered Gileo. The trial ruled favor contention lacked applicable, damages. Supreme held, decisions, Act applied each respondents.2 We granted certiorari, 350 818, 79, involve interpretation important federal statute governing railroad employer obligations its employees. cases, simply order reversing decisions court. Unlike stipulate respect There trials issues, and, practice, effect California's unqualified reversal remand See Gospel Army v. Los Angeles, 331 543, 546, 67 1428, 1429, 91 1662. Since damages remain be tried, final highest State, this Court, therefore, lacks review cases. 28 U.S.C. § 1257, U.S.C.A. 1257. dismiss writs those two 6 sole question which case presents whether or employee rail who while performing used subsidiary can maintain action F.E.L.A., amended. 7 Section we are here concerned, originally provided 'every engaging commerce' between States 'shall liable any person suffering injury such death resulting wholly partly carrier.3 early construed require 'at injury, transportation, so closely related practically part it' qualify Shanks Delaware, L. & W.R. Co., 239 556, 558, 36 188, 189, 60 436. Later, Raymond Chicago, St. P.R. 243 43, 45, 37 268, 269, 61 583, New York Central R. Co. White, 192, 247, 248, 667, held connected employers within meaning entitled benefits. also Pedersen 229 146, 152, 33 648, 649, 57 1125. 'moment injury' 'new construction' doctrines source much confusion railroads, courts, result reports replete drawing very fine distinctions determining contemplation entitle him bring suit thereunder carrier's employ. uncertainty grown proportions Congress, 1939, added following paragraph Act:4 8 'Any carrier, whose duties shall furtherance foreign commerce; shall, way directly substantially, affect above set forth purposes considered being benefits 'An relating liability carriers certain cases' (approved April 22, 1908), same has may hereafter amended.' Senate, report amendments characterized aim amendment manner: '1. It broadens clarifies application killed company commerce.'5 concedes 1939 abolishes rule supra. But vigorously contends that, amending alter first only 'engaging commerce,' States. argued since cars, activity, doctrine supra, States, covered amendment. With cannot agree. provides '(a)ny described 'shall, benefits' amendatory language makes plain if either furthers performance 'directly substantially' affects commerce, Congress placed equal footing, who, amendment, railroads Therefore, pertinent inquiry test White. Rather, crucial Gileo's substantially commerce. 11 manufacture own transportation function Such integral element total operations, follows workmen build perform 'furtherance' Furthermore, carrying out duties, substantially.' Failure would preclude delivery considers essential needs impede thus engaged. consistent letter spirit enacted cure evils hypertechnical developed over 30 litigation. Whatever justification have holding working repairs railroad's instrumentalities facilities swept away recently 'engaged like provision Fair Labor Standards 29 201 seq. Mitchell W. Vollmer 349 427, 75 860, 861, 99 1196. hold amended, covers 12 Aranda wheel molder foundry wheels made joined axles form truck base both service. wear repaired, must recast remolded result, worn continually shipped points network Sacramento remolding eventual return rolling stock. A level inventory indispensable effective utilization mode operation. operation itself vital link chain carrier. Aranda's served further affected 13 laborer laying rails retarder yard constructing purpose facilitating movement freight trains 'switching' method. connection main line track. opened traffic after Passage unnecessary indulgence nice which, although new, merely substitute existing method switching cars. Cf. Agostino Pennsylvania D.C., 50 F.Supp. 726. view what said above, clear Moreno, furthering judgments 14 Southern Pacific 15 16 Affirmed. 17 18 Dismissed. 19 HARLAN concurs result. 20 REED FRANKFURTER agree dismissed improvidently want state judgments. Regarding Aranda, disagree Court's theory applying reasons Frankfurter's dissent Reed 502, 958. 35 Stat. 65, 53 1404, 45 51, 51. 44 Cal.2d 539, 282 P.2d 872; 881, 879; 882, 880. below remaining reported 875, 547, 877. 65: 'That every several Territories, District Columbia Territories nation nations, or, employee, her personal representative, benefit surviving widow husband children employee; none, then employee's parents; next kin dependent upon whole officers, agents, reason defect insufficiency, due negligence, engines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, works, boats, wharves, other equipment.' 1404. S.Rep. 661, 76th Cong., 1st Sess. 2.

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