Document: 375 U.S. 106 84 S.Ct. 242 11 L.Ed.2d 186 Gene DURFEE et ux., Petitioners,v.Julia E. DUKE. No. 37. Argued Oct. 24, 1963. Decided Dec. 2, August Ross, Omaha, Neb., for petitioners. Robert A. Brown, respondent. Mr. Justice STEWART delivered the opinion of Court. 1 The United States Constitution requires that 'Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to * judicial Proceedings every other State.'1 case before us presents questions arising under this constitutional provision federal statute enacted implement it.2 2 In 1956 petitioners brought an action against respondent a Nebraska court quiet title certain bottom land situated on Missouri River. main channel river forms boundary between Missouri. had jurisdiction over subject matter controversy only if question was Nebraska. Whether depended entirely upon factual question—whether shift river's course been caused by avulsion or accretion.3 appeared through counsel fully litigated issues, explicitly contesting court's controversy.4 After hearing found issues favor ordered quieted them. appealed, Supreme Court affirmed judgment after trial de novo record made lower court. specifically rule applicable, Nebraska, courts therefore litigation, Durfee v. Keiffer, 168 Neb. 272, 95 N.W.2d 618. did not petition writ certiorari review judgment. 3 Two months later filed suit same land. Her complaint alleged removed Federal District reason diversity citizenship. evidence expressed view Missouri, but held all adjudicated determined res judicata 'is now binding court.' Appeals reversed, holding required give full faith credit judgment, normal principles were applicable because involved free retry matter. 308 F.2d 209. We granted consider important administration justice our system. 371 946, 83 509, 9 496. For reasons follow, we reverse us. 4 command credit, as implemented Congress, 'judicial proceedings have within they law usage such from which are taken.'5 Full thus generally at least effect would accorded rendered it. 'By Constitutional local doctrines judicata, speaking generally, become part national jurisprudence, cognizable here.' Riley New York Trust Co., 315 343, 349, 62 608, 612, 86 L.Ed. 885. 5 It is questioned quieting petitioners.6 respondent's position, however, whatever might independently determine whether fact matter, i.e., actually 6 support position relies many decisions one conclusive merits another first power pass merits—had jurisdiction, is, render As Bradley stated doctrine leading Thompson Whitman, 18 Wall. 457, 21 897, 'we think it clear any may collateral proceeding State, notwithstanding fourth article 1790, averments contained itself.' Wall., 469, 897. principle has restated applied variety contexts.7 7 However, while established when asked constitutionally inquire into foreign mordern carefully delineated permissible scope inquiry. From these there emerges general entitled credit—even jurisdiction—when second inquiry discloses those fairly finally decided original 8 With respect person,8 unambiguously Baldwin Iowa Traveling Men's Ass'n, 283 522, 51 517, 75 1244. There must despite claim defendant's person, once shown forum. 'Public policy,' said Court, 'dictates end litigation; who contested issue bound result contest; matters tried considered forever settled parties. see no why should apply where voluntarily appears, his heard, he not, absence fraud, thereafter concluded tribunal submitted cause.' U.S., 525 526, S.Ct., 518, 1244.9 Following case, soon series different forum Davis Davis, 305 32, 59 3, 26; Stoll Gottlieb, 165, 134, 104;10 Treinies Sunshine Mining 66, 60 44, 85; Sherrer Sherrer, 334 68 1087, 92 1429.11 cases court, enforce forum, forum's since subject-matter could retried subsequent 10 Columbia decree absolute divorce Virginia, Virginia lacked plaintiff domiciled State. stated: 'As petitioner's domicil standing invoke its finding bona fide resident time District. She say sue state she plea put allegation domicil, introduced show false, took exceptions commissioner's report, sought sustain them uphold her plea. Plainly, determination point effective purposes litigation.' 40, 6, 26. 12 This jurisdictional finality even more unequivocally Treinies, supra, involving personal property, involving, like recognition decree. succinctly 'One enough. 'The well issues,' parties.' 78, 51, 85. 13 apparent. words Court's 'We fraud obtaining examine again making earlier actual contest parties, litigation. Courts rights parties integral system government. just impo tant place begin party day with opportunity present law, attack decision merely retries previously determined. expect will satisfactory than first.' 172, 138, 104. 14 To sure, determinations without exceptions. Doctrines pre-emption sovereign immunity some contexts controlling. Kalb Feuerstein, 433, 370; Fidelity & Guaranty 309 506, 653, 894.12 But overriding considerations here. While occasion applicability Stoll, real can discern applicable.13 15 argued exception property emphatic expressions completely directly affect States.14 argument wide mark. equally dissolve marriages States. location land, domicile action, 'to resolved determination.' 1090, 1429. remains whether, judicially determined, litigation Upon authority discussed, answer negative. 16 emphasized ultimately there. Nothin decided, nothing their privies bind either have, future, them, respective sovereignty question. Fowler Lindsey, Dall. 411, 657; Connecticut, 1, 715; Land Dollar, 330 731, 736—737, 67 1009, 1011—1012, 91 1209. Either protect interest initiating independent Cf. 196 23, 25 155, 49 372.15 17 stated, hold and, proper averments, duty further disclosed, did, courts, correct ruling precluded. Accordingly affirmed. so ordered. Judgment reversed 19 BLACK, concurring. 20 Petitioners respondents dispute ownership tract adjacent River, Resolution turns Neither course, make in. U.S.Const. Art. III, § 2; 28 U.S.C. 1251(a). private petitioners, disputed suit, refused I concur today's reversal Appeals' understanding deciding continue authoritatively compact two I, 10, public Acts, Records, And Congress Laws prescribe Manner Records proved, Effect thereof.' IV, 1. Acts legislature Territory, Possession States, copies thereof, authenticated affixing seal Territory thereto. records Possession, proved admitted Territories Possessions attestation clerk annexed, exists, together certificate judge form. 'Such authenticated, taken.' Act June 25, 1948, c. 646, Stat. 947, 1738. progenitor First 1790. 122. extended Mills Duryee, Cranch 481, 485.' Throughout controlling issue. See Iowa, 143 359, 370, 396, 400, 36 186. therefore, party, although afforded litigate Chicot County Drainage Dist. Baxter Bank, 371, 317, 329. note supra. clearly postulated relevant State: 'This adheres competent decide facts confer decides then judgments entered extends following lawful circumstances requiring exercise collate al world unless appeal avoided error direct proceeding. Brandeen Lau, 113 34, 201 N.W. 665; Douglas Feenan, 146 156, 740, 159 A.L.R. 569.' Gergen Western Union Life Ins. 149 203, 210, 30 558, 562. See, e.g., D'Arcy Ketchum, How. 648; Knowles Gaslight Coke 58, 22 70; Hall Lanning, 160, 23 271; Cole Cunningham, 133 107, 269, 33 538; Grover Baker Sewing Machine Co. Radcliffe, 137 287, 92, 34 670; Thormann Frame, 176 350, 446, 44 500; Bell Bell, 181 175, 551, 45 804; Andrews Andrews, 188 14, 237, 47 366; National Exchange Bank Tiffin Wiley, 195 257, 70, 184; Old Wayne Mutual Assn. Indianapolis, Ind. McDonough, 204 8, 27 236, 345; Chicago Cherry, 244 37 492, 61 966; Vallely Northern Fire Marine 254 348, 41 116, 65 297; Grubb Public Utilities Comm'n, 281 470, 50 374, 74 972. person. appea ance initiated adhered year American Surety Baldwin, 287 53 98, 77 231. unanimous Brandeis said: issues.' 166, 101, what Illinois sitting involve Clause Constitution, but, provision. 170, n. 5, 136 137, also Anthracite Coal Adkins, 310 381, 403, 907, 917, 94 1263; Jackson Irving 311 494, 326, 85 297. noted, neither THE RESTATEMENT OF CONFLICT LAWS recognizes possibility exceptions: 'Where determines cannot collaterally ground policy underlying outweighed permitting act beyond jurisdiction. Among factors appropriate determining permitted '(a) lack clear; '(b) rather fact; '(c) limited jurisdiction; '(d) litigated; '(e) acting strong.' RESTATEMENT, LAWS, 451(2) (Supp.1948). JUDGMENTS, (1942). previous expressly left open property. 176, 139—140, 104; 514, 657, 894. Fall Eastin, 215 54 65; Carpenter Strange, 141 87, 105—106, 960, 966, 35 640; Olmsted Olmsted, 216 386, 292, 530. alternative negotiated settlement always available. 10.

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