Document: 339 U.S. 532 70 S.Ct. 784 94 L.Ed. 1045 BUILDING SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION, LOCAL 262, et al.v.GAZZAM. No. 449. Argued Feb. 9, 1950. Decided May 8, Rehearing Denied June 5, See 991, 1019. Messrs. Daniel D. Carmell, Walter F. Dodd, Chicago, Ill., for petitioner. Mr. Alfred J. Schweppe, Seattle, Wash., respondent. Justice MINTON delivered the opinion of Court. 1 It is public policy State Washington that employers shall not coerce their employees' choice representatives purposes collective bargaining. Do First and Fourteenth Amendments to Federal Constitution permit State, in reliance on this policy, enjoin peaceful picketing carried purpose compelling an employer sign a contract with labor union which coerces his bargaining representative? 2 The answered affirmative. injunction was issued narrow terms enjoining petitioners 'from endeavoring compel plaintiff employees join defendant or designate as representative bargaining, by hotel premises * *.' Supreme Court affirmed, 34 Wash.2d 38, 207 P.2d 699, we granted certiorari. 338 903, 308. 3 At time controversy, respondent employed about fifteen persons at Enetai Inn, small he operates Bremerton, Washington. Just prior 1, 1946, petitioner called upon organizing asked him would require union. None member any active area. Respondent replied matter decide. He gave its permission freely visit solicit membership while absent brief trip Los Angeles. Upon return, again approached signing contract. admitted they had secured members among employees, it employees. On 2, advised proposed have Inn placed 'We Not Patronize' list, meeting attempting reach settlement suggested. held few days later represented attorney. still insisted contract, through attorney declined ground union, contrary state law. 4 respondent's might present case. Six organized attended meeting, 10, 1946. Eleven attended. One bellboy whose work apparently did wish covered. were given complete unhampered opportunity arguments unionization No statement made anyone behalf After completed presentation, all withdrew except who then took vote whether wished Of eleven voting, nine voted against joining, one undecided, bellboy, desire, join. result immediately reported Several latter notified been list pickets began walking front bearing reading: 'Enetai Inn—Unfair Organized Labor.' single picket intermittent peaceful. 5 With exception refusing requiring complied requests demands That refusal what caused brand place business unfair. started, agreed talk see if consider consulting respondent, wrote union's willing negotiate further but type tendered him. offered provided should be required condition continued employment, hired future within discharged. new also both nonunion second just first slow motion. refused same reason previously 6 continued, 29, filed suit damages. hearing trial court petitioners' motion nonsuit dismissed complaint. reversed appeal. 29 488, 188 97. remand September 20, 1948, entered judgment damages 'wrongful picketing' sum $500 permanently enjoined quoted language. This affirmed July 1949, divided court. 699. 7 has sometimes referred 'Little Norris—LaGuardia Act,'1 provides no issue 'labor dispute,' defined Act, conformity provisions Act; nor declared Act. dispute' determined law exist There generally. objective violative coercion representative, ground.2 8 Does injunction, limited restraining from constitute abridgment right free speech under Amendments? 9 said part exercise guaranteed Constitution. Cafeteria Employees Union, Local 302 v. Angelos, 320 293, 64 126, 88 58; Bakery & Pastry Drivers Helpers 802 International Brotherhood Teamsters Wohl, 315 769, 62 816, 86 1178; American Federation Labor Swing, 312 321, 61 568, 85 855; Carlson People California, 310 106, 60 746, 84 1104; Thornhill Alabama, 88, 736, 1093; Senn Tile Layers Protective 301 468, 57 857, 81 1229. But since more than establishes locus quo far potential inducing action nonaction message convey, hesitated uphold state's restraint acts conduct are abuse rather means truthful publicity. Thus Milk Wagon Union 753 Meadowmoor Dairies, 287, 552, 836, 132 A.L.R. 1200, issue, considered isolation, peaceful, found enmeshed set such background violence pattern violence. circumstances properly State. 10 In Hotel Restaurant Employees' Alliance, 122 Wisconsin Employment Relations Board, 437, 706, 946, upheld Board cease desist order boycotting unvolved. Carpenters Joiners America, 213 Ritter's Cafe, 722, 807, 1143, decree cafe having connection where industrial dispute centered. And Giboney Empire Storage Ice Co., 336 490, 69 684, sustained informative coercing violate antitrust Missouri. 11 constitution, legislature, decisions courts. 'Primarily lawmakers determine state.' Twin City Pipe Line Company Harding Glass Company, 283 353, 357, 51 476, 478, 75 1112, 83 1168. 12 legislative enactment subject organization workers purposes. pertinent statute forth margin.3 meaning effect declaration application highest concrete facts instant Under so-enunciated Washington, clear coercion, interference, designation Picketing attempt induce transgression here restrained advocates like aim. To judge wisdom us; ours unwarranted encroachment rights protected Amendment. 13 Petitioners insist Swing case, supra, controlling. We think not. case struck down State's based solely absence employer-employee relationship. An adequate basis unlawful picketing, namely, selection representative. Peaceful lawful prohibited review. here, relied not, there, excluded 'workingmen peacefully exercising communication drawing circle economic competition between so contain only those directly him.' page 326, 570, 855. 14 construed courts prohibit other workers. construction reviewing prohibits employers. cannot agree reading 'whatever types out violation decree.' does contend per se contention directed policy. effect. 15 controls disposition therefore must affirmed. true criminal sanctions. seek distinguish ground. there said: 'But placards used essential inseparable grave offense important immunize control. appellants doing press. They power together allies abide regulation trade.' pages 502—503, 690. presence sanctions makes 'important law.' Much readily lend itself accompanying Whether impose question 16 Here, Giboney, using state. guarantees If signed contracts lived up terms, thereby coerced organize 17 below sustain widely accepted one. broad Act flows prevent unreasonable judicial interference legitimate objectives organizations condoned prohibitions certain activities find here. tailored specific wrong being perpetrated, 'an abusive picket.' 295, 127, 58. 18 Affirmed. 19 BLACK controlled principles announced concurs Court's judgment. 20 DOUGLAS consideration decision Disputes Rem.Rev.Stat., Supp.1940, § 7612—1 seq. Certain sections unconstitutional Blanchard Golden Age Brewing Wash. 396, 63 397. reviewed field O'Neil Building Service 6, 507, 115 662, 137 1102, S. W. Fine Foods Retail Delivery Salesmen's 118 962, treated lawful. 855, controlling cases. cases characterized principle expressly overruled. Swenson Seattle Central Council, 27 193, 206, 177 873, 880, 170 1082, loses protection constitutional guaranty 'it steps over line persuasion coercion.' 'In interpretation act determining jurisdiction authority herein limited, hereby follows: 'Whereas, prevailing conditions, developed aid governmental owners property corporate forms ownership association, individual unorganized worker commonly helpless actual liberty protect freedom labor, obtain acceptable conditions wherefore, though decline associate fellows, necessary full self-organization, own choosing, restraint, agents, self-organization concerted mutual protections; therefore, following definitions of, limitations upon, enacted.' Supp. 1940, 7612—2.

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