Document: 390 U.S. 519 88 S.Ct. 1152 20 L.Ed.2d 77 John Herbert GREENWALDv.WISCONSIN. No. 417, Misc. Decided April 1, 1968. Bronson C. LaFollette, Atty. Gen. of Wisconsin, for respondent. PER CURIAM. 1 Petitioner was charged with two burglaries and one attempted burglary. He entered pleas not guilty to each count. Before trial, petitioner requested a hearing on the voluntariness certain oral admissions written confession he had given while in police custody. The held trial court found that statements been voluntarily made. waived jury trial. were admitted evidence convicted all three counts. On them sentenced an indeterminate term more than five years, sentences run concurrently. Wisconsin Supreme Court, appeal, affirmed convictions. It agreed question voluntary. sought writ certiorari. We grant motion leave proceed forma pauperis, writ, reverse judgment below. 2 Petitioner, who has ningh-grade education, arrested suspicion burglary shortly before 10:45 evening January 20, 1965. taken station. suffering from high blood pressure, condition which taking medication twice day. last food medication, his arrest, at 4 p.m. did have him time arrest. At station interrogated until midnight. advised constitutional rights. repeatedly denied guilt. No incriminating made this time. 3 booked fingerprinted and, sometime after a.m., cell city jail. A plank fastened wall served as bed. claims sleep. 6 led 'bullpen.' 8:30 placed lineup. 8:45, interrogation recommenced. conducted by several officers time, small room. testified course morning offered continued be without medication. For hour or refused answer any questions. When speak, it deny, once again, Sometime 10 asked write out confession. refused, stating 'it against my rights' 'entitled lawyer.' These ignored. further reference attorney, officers. 5 about 11 a.m. began series culminating full 11:30. noon food. reduced writing around Just writing, According testimony, confessed because 'I knew they weren't going me alone I did.' is our duty, case such this, make examination record order ascertain whether petitioner's voluntary.* See Davis v. State North Carolina, 384 737, 741—742, 86 1761, 1764, 16 895 (1966). believe that, considering 'totality circumstances' surrounding statements, see Clewis Texas, 386 707 (1967), error Court conclude reach decision Clewis, disputed testimony pretrial hearing. 7 All above recited facts are, under decisions, relevant claim involuntary: lack counsel, especially view accused's statement desires counsel (see Johnson New Jersey, 719, 730, 735, 1772, 1779, 1781, 882 (1966); cf. Escobedo Illinois, 378 478, 84 1758, 12 977 (1964)); food, sleep, 707, 87 1338, 18 423 (1967)); inadequacy warnings rights Culombe Connecticut, 367 568, 630, 81 1860, 1893, 1037 (1961); (1966)). Considering totality these circumstances, we do think credible product free rational choice. 8 Accordingly, below reversed. 9 Reversed. Mr. Justice STEWART, whom HARLAN WHITE join, dissenting. cannot agree involuntary matter law. questioning nearly 30 years old no means stranger criminal questioned little less four hours next morning. neither abused nor threatened promised benefit confessing. says tell 'constitutional rights.' But what fails mention himself during interrogation, 'he right refuse questions, * anything said could used him, retain counsel.' 35 Wis.2d 146, 151, 150 N.W.2d 507, 509. Moreover, although Court's opinion might convey contrary impression, between arrest express anyone desire judge burden proving 'beyond reasonable doubt' confess own unfettered will. Applying standard, confronting 'coercive physical psychological respect' 'free deliberate choice admit guilt.' findings reviewed conscientious thorough opinion. 507. 13 Given conclusions state courts based, surprising completely abandoned coerced. That advanced here but only raised issue its decided favor, giving opportunity brief argue merits.* Petitioner's date Miranda Arizona, 436, 1602, 694 Although (1964), need decide would, itself, require reversal does raise, reach, inadmissible 977.

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