Document: 524 U.S. 1118 S.Ct. 1772141 L.Ed.2d 1 UNITED STATES, Petitioner,v.Vickie S. CABRALES. No. 97-643. Supreme Court of the United States Argued April 29, 1998. Decided June 1, Syllabus * An indictment returned in District for Western Missouri charged respondent Cabrales, as sole defendant, with conspiracy under 18 U.S.C. §371 to violate §1956(a)(1)(B)(ii) (conducting a financial transaction avoid transaction-reporting requirement) (Count I), and money laundering violation latter section II) §1957 (engaging monetary criminally derived property value greater than $10,000) III). The alleged that, January 1991, Cabrales deposited $40,000 AmSouth Bank Florida and, within week, made four separate $9,500 withdrawals from that bank. withdrawn was traceable illegal cocaine sales Missouri. moved dismiss its entirety improper venue. denied motion Count I, count, but dismissed Counts II III, money-laundering counts, because activity occurred entirely Florida. In affirming dismissal, Eighth Circuit noted Constitution, Art. §2, cl. 3, Amdt. 6, well Federal Rule Criminal Procedure 18, requires person be tried where offense committed. While recognizing continuing "begun one district completed another . may prosecuted any which such begun, continued, or completed,'' §3237(a), court said not accused offense, transactions began, were only It no moment came Missouri, explained, dealt it Florida, counts act committed by Government did assert transported Held: is place proper venue offenses charged. locus delicti must determined nature crime location acts constituting it. v. Anderson, 328 699, 703, 66 1213, 1216, 90 L.Ed. 1529. Here, crimes III are defined statutory proscriptions, §§1956(a)(1)(B)(ii) 1957, interdict (acts located Florida), anterior criminal conduct yielded funds allegedly laundered. Contrary Government's contention, those do fit §3237(a) begun took wholly Notably, at issue charge conspiracy; they link her to, responsibility for, done others. Nor an aider abettor, punishable principal, drug trafficking, see §2. Rather, "after fact'' Cf. §3. Whenever defendant conceal crime, might said, urges, first essential element second, second facilitated profitable impeding detection. But question here appropriate try actor. immaterial whether actor knew launderer know she dealing specified unlawful activity, here, is, moment. Money arguably rank triable more place, if acquired them into another, tellingly this case. Neither Hyde States, 225 347, 32 793, 56 1114, nor re Palliser 136 257, 10 1034, 34 514, supports position launderers can all cases handled generated. involved prosecution held Columbia based on overt co-conspirator District. concerned mailings New York Connecticut State. By contrast, allege conspiracy, describe alone engaged. dispatched missive State another; instead, portray withdrew moving inside only. Finally, rejects contention efficiency warrants trying evidence there, shows laundered activity. disarmed showing fact linked drug-trafficking. She be, indeed has been, conspiring dealers If prove agreement confederacy, could shown furtherance conspiracy. See §371. As acknowledged, difference sentence probably would negligible. Pp. ____-____. 109 F.3d 471 115 621, affirmed. GINSBURG, J., delivered opinion unanimous Court. Malcolm L. Stewart, Washington, DC, petitioner. John W. Rogers, respondent. Justice GINSBURG This case presents venue, specifically, trial charges $10,000). currency purportedly distribution Vickie have charged, before us, participation generated question. accord Appeals Circuit, we hold issue. 2 three-count following offenses: requirement, §§371, 1956(a)(1)(B)(ii) I); conducting II); engaging $10,000, week's span, each 3 On recommendation Magistrate, assertions "was present during lived conspirator participated various activities conspiracy.'' App. Pet. Cert. 11a, 14a-15a. Also Magistrate's recommendation, granted deposit " [n]o Missouri.'' Id., 14a. 4 appeal, affirmed Court's dismissal counts. 471, amended, 621 (C.A.8 1997). part count remains pending F.3d, 472, n. 2, 621. 5 recounted law doubt: "Both Rules Constitution require committed,'' 472; also, site ""must it,''' ibid. (quoting 1529 (1946)). "Continuing offenses,'' recognized, another,'' ""in [an] completed.''' 472 §3237(a)). 6 "Cabrales "continuing offense,''' [s]he laundering, Florida,'' "That moment,'' next observed, Florida.'' Ibid. "include[d] Missouri,'' emphasized, "the [G]overnment 7 urges conflict other Courts "have unlawfully generated, even constitutes district.'' 9-10 (citing Heaps, 39 479, 482 (C.A.4 1994); Beddow, 957 F.2d 1330, 1335-1336 (C.A.6 1992); Sax, 1380, 1390-1391 (C.A.7 Angotti, 105 539, 544-545 (C.A.9 1997)). We certiorari resolve conflict, 522 ----, 118 751, 139 749 (1998), now affirm Circuit's judgment. 8 Proper proceedings matter concern Nation's founders. Their complaints against King Great Britain, listed Declaration Independence, included his transportation colonists "beyond Seas tried.''1 twice safeguards defendant's right: Article instructs "Trial Crimes shall been committed''; Sixth Amendment calls "by impartial jury wherein committed.'' Procedure, providing "prosecution had echoes constitutional commands. 9 adhere general guide invoked applied Circuit: [T]he it.'' U.S., S.Ct., 1216. described §§1956(a)(1)(B)(ii), Congress provided statute another''; "prosecuted [the] completed.'' §3237(a). description. therefore confront decide question: Do rendering delineate Florida? 11 abettor trafficking. §2 (one who aids abets "is principal''). §3 ("Whoever, knowing committed, assists offender order hinder prevent punishment, accessory after fact,'' term imprisonment fine generally "not one-half maximum prescribed punishment principal[.]''). 12 case, Brief 9, detection, id., 14. recognizes, Tr. Oral Arg. 5-6. "specified activity,'' "of moment.'' 472.2 13 offense,'' another. 473. issue, indicted "for 472. Under these circumstances, improper. 14 identified 1114 (1912), 514 (1890), two best 6. decision ruling seeks. 15 Hyde, defendants convicted defraud States. Although none entered nevertheless appropriate, ruled, there. 363, 800-801. They alone, untied others, 16 man sent letters postmasters Connecticut, attempting gain postage credit, then-applicable law. mail he addressed received. 266-268, 1036-1037. simply recognizes mailing properly ranked ("Any involving use mails from, through, moves.''); also Johnson, 323 273, 275, 65 249, 250, 89 236 (1944) (consistent "an subject user goods, their arrival, intervening district''). however, us 17 State, requirement principally protection Reply 10, further maintains convenience, interests community victimized dealers, merit consideration. drug-trafficking alleged, (requiring proof "act effect object conspiracy''). end result "probably negligible.'' 52; Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual §1B1.3 (Nov. 1995) (providing consideration "Relevant Conduct'' determining sentence). 19 *** 20 For reasons stated, judgment 21 Affirmed. syllabus prepared Reporter Decisions convenience reader. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 321, 337, 26 282, 287, 50 499. recited among injuries usurpations attributed King: "transporting beyond pretended Offences.'' para. (1776). A complaint same tenor appeared earlier, 1769 "Virginia Resolves.'' Blume, Place Trial Cases: Constitutional Vicinage Venue, 43 Mich.L.Rev. 59, 64 (1944). Parliament decreed treason England. Parliamentary History England Earliest Period Year 1803, pp. 476-510 (T. Hansard ed. 1813). response, Virginia House Burgesses unanimously passed resolution condemning practice sending individuals Sea, tried'' "highly derogatory Rights British subjects.'' Journals Virginia, 1766-1769, p. 214 (J. Kennedy ed.1906). Lanoue, 137 656, 661 (C.A.1 1998) (stating being felon possession firearm, §922(g)(1), occurs firearm actually possessed).

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