Document: 349 U.S. 408 75 S.Ct. 804 99 L.Ed. 1183 Virgil G. CARROLL, Harry B. Hogan, Doing Business as Hogan Painting Company, and Saint Paul-Mercury Indemnity Petitioners,v.M. LANZA, Lake Charles Electric Company. No. 375. Argued March 31, 1955. Decided June 6, Mr. Shields M. Goodwin, Little Rock, Ark., for petitioners. Alston Jennings, respondent. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of Court. 1 Carroll, petitioner, was an employee intervenor, who in turn a subcontractor doing work respondent Lanza, general contractor. Carroll were residents Missouri; Carroll's employment contract with made Missouri. The work, however, done Arkansas; it there that injury occurred. 2 not aware he had remedies under Arkansas law, received 34 weekly payments Missouri Compensation Act. Act is applicable to injuries inside or outside State where contract, here, State. Mo.Rev.Stat.1949, § 287.110, V.A.M.S. also provides every employer shall be 'conclusively presumed have elected accept' its provisions unless 'prior accident' filed compensation commission written notice 'elects' reject provision. Id., 287.060. No such notice, this case. Moreover, rights granted by 'shall exclude all other * at common law otherwise,' on account death.1 287.120. 3 has workmen's compensation. Ark.Stat.1947, 81—1301 et seq. It exclusive remedy against (id., 81—1304) but third party. 81—1340. And court below, review authorities, concluded contractor, respondent, party within meaning see Baldwin Co. v. Maner, 273 S.W.2d 28. 4 While receiving Act, decided sue Lanza common-law damages courts. case removed Federal District Court judgment rendered Carroll.2 116 F.Supp. 491. Appeals, while agreeing sustainable matter reversed ground Full Faith Credit Clause Constitution3 (Art. IV, 1) barred recovery. 216 F.2d 808. here petition certiorari which we granted, 348 870, 113, because doubts correctness decision raised Pacific Employers Insurance Industrial Accident Commission, 306 493, 59 629, 83 940. 5 Appeals thought Magnolia Petroleum Hunt, 320 430, 64 208, 88 149, controlling. There having final award forum returned his home sued recover We held latter suit precluded Clause. But no Under statutory apparently start automatically receipt injury. §§ 287.380, 287.400, provision adjudication disputes between 287.450), sought obtained here. 6 Nor do employee, knowing two purport mutually exclusive, chooses one therefore second choice forum. Rather naked question whether makes Missouri's statute bar Arkansas' remedy. 7 A 'public act' See Bradford Light Clapper, 286 145, 154—155, 52 571, 573—574, 76 1026, cases cited; Alaska Packers Ass'n 294 532, 55 518, 79 1044. indeed Clapper Vermont purported give remedy, action same claim New Hampshire courts employer, even though occurred Hampshire. allowed fix personal involving residents, required States refuse enforce any inconsistent Thus, respects persons residing businesses located State, provided employees 'both expeditious independent proof fault,' liability imposed employers 'limited determinate.' page 159, 576. 8 940, departed, from decision. resident Massachusetts regularly employed corporation injured temporary duty California. incurred beyond borders. California undertook employers, irrespective rule, regulation, strictly enforced. Court, therefore, nature 'obnoxious' policy proceeded premise, repeated over again cases, does require substitute own statute, events it, another reflecting conflicting opposed policy. 502, 633. 9 place override Here asserted exclusiveness State; seized marking difference. That our material Whatever deprives character qualifies contravenes denies full faith credit, if credit due. teaches these occurs need vassal allow only marked one. interests serve protect. opened negligence suits prime contractors, refusing make relief way supra. Her are large considerable weighed light facts kind situation presented. For write day alone, type tort certainly concern problems following wake medical care possible dependents among these, supra, emphasizes. 501, 632. legislates concerning them exercising traditional powers sovereignty. Cf. Watson Liability Assur. Corp., 66, 73, 166, 170. legitimate interest opening her nature, may cast burden institutions. 10 This like Hughes Fetter, 341 609, 71 980, 95 1212, seeks actions arising foreign statute. In case, Wisconsin could entertain wrongful death Illinois occurring Illinois, since found sufficient considerations warrant refusal. Broderick Rosner, 589, 1100. present much weaker application Arkansas, forum, adopting hostility public Acts choosing apply rule affirmative 11 can she chooses, pleases Once extended into States, different come play. adopt likes. Or, teaches, supplement displace another, insofar acts boundaries concerned. Were otherwise, would powerless provide safeguards nonresident working think demands subserviency 12 Reversed. 13 FRANKFURTER, whom BURTON HARLAN join, dissenting. 14 order presented proper context adjudication, seemed me desirable examine course Court's decisions touching constitutional requirement giving statutes sister fall three main groups:1 15 (1) Those called upon effect sister-state declined so. Hancock National Bank Farnum, 176 640, 20 506, 44 619; Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. Sowers, 213 55, 29 397, 53 695; Tennessee Coal, Iron George, 233 354, 587, 58 997; Clark Williard, 292 112, 54 615, 78 1160; 1100; 1212; First Chicago United Air Lines, Inc., 342 396, 72 421, 96 441; Wells Simonds Abrasive Co., 345 514, 73 856, 97 1211. 16 From appears that, cannot, transitory cause action, tort. E.g., supra; Indeed, permissibly go step direction disregard venue out-of-state prevented enforcing right. may, more restrictive limitations dicta indicate penal antagonistic forum's policy, requires specialized proceedings available pages 642—643, 592—593; 612, 982. 17 (2) applied rather than limiting exclusiveness, exclusive. Bond Hume, 243 15, 37 366, 61 565; Ohio Chattanooga Boiler Tank 289 439, 663, 77 1307; Commission McCartin, 330 622, 67 886, 91 1140. Bonaparte Tax 104 592, 26 845; American Fire King Lumber Mfg. 250 2, 39 431, 63 810. 18 These prove either regarding elsewhere, accorded effect. Further, stated area compensation, 'unmistakable language' before will attributed. 628, 889. 19 (3) substantive judicial, when clearly conflict Mutual Building Loan Association Brahan, 193 635, 24 48 823; Olmsted Olmsted, 386, 30 292, 530; Converse Hamilton, 224 243, 32 415, 56 749; York Life Head, 234 879, 1259; Supreme Council Royal Arcanum Green, 237 531, 35 724, 1089; Hood McGehee, 611, 718, 1144; Marin Augedahl, 247 142, 38 452, 62 1038; Aetna Dunken, 266 389, 45 129, 69 342; Modern Woodmen America Mixer, 267 544, 783; 1026; 1044; Chandler Peketz, 297 602, 80 881; John Yates, 299 178, 57 81 106; Sovereign Camp World Bolin, 305 35, 45; 940; Klaxon Stentor Elec. 313 487, 1020, 85 1477; Griffin McCoach, 498, 1023, 1481; Pink A.A.A. Highway Express, 314 201, 241, 86 152; Farm Automobile Duel, 324 154, 65 573, 89 812; Cardillo Liberty Mut. Ins. 469, 801, 1028; Order Commercial Travelers Wolfe, 331 586, 1355, 1687. arisen principal fields: (a) commercial law; (b) insurance; (c) As statistical matter, 21 direct times times. number involved assessment shareholders laws incorporation insolvent corporation. consistent position been incorporating must given deemed create based contractual relation shareholder consented reasonable state regulation. relied fact each judicial proceeding previously passed necessity amount assessment, although parties proceeding, their adequately represented shareholders. Personal defenses, nonexistence relation, still asserted. 31j 245. 22 When shareholder-corporation simple less uniformity accordingly greater leeway showing substantial e.g., performed spoken acceptance business argument narrower, instance control incidental item interest. Occasionally reliance rested ordinary doctrine. supra (holding exclusively disposition land borders). 23 insurance reflect similar those cases. fraternal benefit societies 'indivisible unity' members resultant uniform construction duties fund. Hence society's (and bylaws adopted it) prevailed. able draw support validating practice it. (The increase dues, presumption long absence, ultra vires certificates, time limitation bringing suit.) analogous situation, prevailed individual assessable member mutual company (rather mere policy-holder), interpretation legal peculiarly competence sphere contracts, wider scope. balanced competing jurisdictions, including factors residence insured, premiums paid payable, delivered, insured died, what itself should govern, loan agreements new policies ancillary initial permitted protect companies, casual sufficient, example, issue defaulted obtained, converted brought, On hand, succeed strong local requiring insurable interest, reserve stringent incorporation, 25 likewise interests-weighing approach. relevant been: contract; parties; injury; possibility workman becoming charge seeking securing prompt payment fees aspect State's bodily safety economic protection workers it; difference defense (which rejected results irremediable liability) pursued another), determinate underlying acts. first enunciated permit contact Conversely, elsewhere. Subsequently, prevail, resided entered whose enforcement applying immediate fair guidance offered past become apparent:2 Unlike cases—or, law—the solely dependent occurrence involved, none Arkansan; immediately hospital has, so far appears, remained What might regarded societal borders equally true jurisdiction exactly sort Clapper. squarely faced problem.3 To prevail basis explcitly overruled decisive. overruled, I join express opinion, reasons making manifest why Brandeis' long-matured, weighty ill-founded. aside presupposition happens favorable claimant. Furthermore, 28 U.S.C. 1738, U.S.C.A. cannot disregarded. 1948 Congress dealt statutes.4 absence used Stone buttress opinions both Packers, 547, 523, Employers, Hence, 1738 effect, seem tend toward respecting legislation. Reese, Statutes: Defense Public Policy, U. Chi.L.Rev. 339, 343 27 is, readily alternative short overruling dispenses difficulties inherent proceeds along lines: terms workmen contracts.5 (the here) workman). Thus (where hurt), insurer defense. They did not, presumably cost they opportunity recoup contractor law.6 contractor) nor record disclose Carroll. basic Louisiana letterhead Arkansas. promised furnish 'It further understood carry necessary men according (sic) rules Arkansas.' supplemental particular consisted letter bid reply authorizing proceed. point view various aspects combine governed Louisiana—but Missouri—law. Johnson Great Lakes Pipe Line 358 Mo. 445, 215 460. 'Where person liable death, subrogated recovery limited payable *.' 287.150, read allowing worker negligent party, Schumacher Leslie, 360 1238, 232 913, theory secure anyone "upon entailed act", 1246, 918. 31 subcontractor. Bunner Patti, 274, 121 153; Amsterdam Casualty Boaz-Kiel Construction Cir., 115 950. contractors subject states: 'Any about premises operation usual carries chapter subcontractors, employees, killed *. (T)he subcontractors. intermediate employer.' 287.040, rationale prohibiting this: 1247, 913. preconditions present: act; took project 33 circumstances us, finding deem His ties bare resident.7 indication ever defendant relies plead Kemper Gluck, 327 733, 330; met. ex rel. St. Louis Car Hostetter, 102, 131 558. believing him Presumably, then, negligence. Accordingly, on. ought rest determination remanded consideration law. remand instructions determine reading wrong. construed providing when, sues damages. 283, 153. touchstone seems existence exists wherever find suggestion litigation. intervenors, lien favor amounts Article Constitution provides: 'Full Acts, Records, Proceedings Laws prescribe Manner Records proved, Effect thereof.' Two groups us: holding contention properly lower courts, Alton Railroad Wiggins Ferry 119 398, 519, misconstruction violation Clause, see, Pennsylvania Philadelphia Gold Issue Mining Milling 93, 344, 610. Stated shortly, are: Missourian, operated painting company. contracted electrical federal government contract. job injured. Hogan's voluntarily began pay pursuant formal had. Thereafter, brought court, alleging caused Lanza's employees. Since diversity citizenship, court. He then moved summary judgment, claiming subject, afforded $18,000 Eighth Circuit, relying treated dissent agrees misapplied Concededly narrowed said conjunction four decisive upholding California: services directly reimbursable award; award, remitted services; forum; provided: 'No regulation exempt *' Gen.Laws Cal.1931, 4749, 27(a); (4) yet legislation prescribing affect statutes. distinctions now noted. Of deciding isolated instance. passing elements some situation. govern type. define content essence balancing lies behind statement 'the clause inexorable unqualified command', 210, 246. mean command—that paragraphs section deal problem authentication. paragraph 'Such records usage taken.' (Italics supplied.) Prior quoted sentence include Acts.' Instead, began: 'And proceedings, 'Every except otherwise provided, conclusively accept prior accident elects chapter.' Mo.Laws 1953, p. 535, 1. 'This state, provide.' 'The herein accidental 287.120, covered initially $30 week, maximum transfer $25 allows negligence, 28; Anderson Sanderson Porter, 146 58, two-thirds recovery, Ark.Stat.Ann. hint attempting evade responsibility setting up financially irresponsible subcontractor, evasion 'prime purpose' contractors. Wors Tarlton, Mo.App. 1173, 1186, 1199, writ quashed 945, 124 1072.

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