vgaraujov/thesis-chile huggingface dataset:
Formación inicial docente para una educación intercultural : un estudio de caso en pedagogía en inglés.

El desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural se ha vuelto de gran interés para los programas de formación de profesores de inglés, especialmente desde el carácter comunicativo del lenguaje y el desplazamiento de personas a nivel global. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo del presente estudio fue comprender la presencia curricular de la competencia comunicativa intercultural en la formación inicial docente de profesores de inglés en una universidad pública en Santiago de Chile. Esta investigación cualitativa adoptó una metodología de estudio de caso intrínseco. Para generar la información se consideró la revisión documental del perfil de egreso y programas de asignatura de la carrera, entrevistas semiestructuradas al jefe de carrera, académicos y grupos focales a estudiantes del programa. A partir del análisis de contenido por categorías deductivas e inductivas, se determinó que la competencia comunicativa intercultural se presenta deficitariamente en el programa de formación, lo cual se ve propiciado por un concepto de cultura eurocéntrico que subyace al programa, y un currículum centrado en el desarrollo de las competencias lingüísticas y comunicativas del idioma. El estudio también presenta las demandas de académicos y estudiantes por una educación intercultural, a través de la reconfiguración y decolonización de la formación inicial de profesores de inglés.
El panorama como máquina de extrañamiento : la niebla de Alto Patache como una herramienta de representación.

El Panorama como máquina de extrañamiento traslada al observador a un paisaje remoto distanciándolo de su realidad inmediata (la ciudad). El extrañamiento del Panorama necesita una serie de estrategias espaciales para generar el contraste de una atmosfera a otra. Sin embargo, el Panorama contemporáneo no contempla todas las estrategias arquitectónicas, a no ser si es, una restauración o rehabilitación de algún Panorama clásico. La autonomía que pueda tener una estrategia arquitectónica del Panorama va a depender de la relación que tenga el observador con el espacio de representación. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar cuáles son las estrategias arquitectónicas del Panorama que producen el extrañamiento al observador. Por lo que nos preguntaremos: ¿Cuáles son los mecanismos internos del Panorama que proporciona la representación de un paisaje remoto y el extrañamiento del observador? Estos mecanismos pueden ser tanto sociales (es decir, el vínculo personal del observador con el paisaje representado) o espaciales (es decir, el contraste que puede haber de un punto A a un punto B), en relación con el extrañamiento que se quiera lograr. La pregunta se responde a través de un análisis comparativo entre una selección de Panoramas clásicos y contemporáneos. Estos se analizan desde sus estrategias arquitectónicas hasta sus contextos históricos, políticos o sociales. Con lo cual se genera una base teórica que se implementa a un Panorama especulativo del paisaje de A. Patache y la aparición de la niebla (el evento climático), la cual produce el extrañamiento al cambiar de atmosfera. La dualidad inherente de la niebla como una herramienta de extrañamiento y como un fragmento del paisaje permite insertarlo dentro del Panorama. A través del estudio y ejercicio arquitectónico se concluye que, dependiendo del contexto histórico, político o social, el Panorama cumpliría un extrañamiento que puede reforzar o distorsionar la realidad del observador. En el ámbito espacial, el Panorama es capaz de visibilizar lo que aparentemente pasa desapercibido por el ojo, lo cual se logra a través del contraste atmosférico, produciendo un extrañamiento del espacio habitual.
Tratamiento contable y financiero de la flota y componentes mayores y sus efectos en los EERR y EEFF.

Este informe se enfoca en el tratamiento contable y financiero de la flota y componentes mayores de las aerolíneas. En particular se enfoca en la aplicación de una nueva norma contable, la NIIF 16, la cual modifica el tratamiento de los arrendamientos operacionales, para entregar un tratamiento similar al de los arrendamientos financieros. Este proyecto fue realizado en la empresa Sky Airline, y pretende entregar un análisis completo de los efectos en los resultados y en los estados financieros de una aerolínea de todos los temas relacionados a la flota, componentes mayores y mantenimiento. Se analiza la NIIF 16 en su contexto teórico general, luego su aplicación en el caso de arrendamientos de aviones, y sus consecuencias en las políticas de mantenimiento.Este informe se enfoca en el tratamiento contable y financiero de la flota y componentes mayores de las aerolíneas. En particular se enfoca en la aplicación de una nueva norma contable, la NIIF 16, la cual modifica el tratamiento de los arrendamientos operacionales, para entregar un tratamiento similar al de los arrendamientos financieros. Este proyecto fue realizado en la empresa Sky Airline, y pretende entregar un análisis completo de los efectos en los resultados y en los estados financieros de una aerolínea de todos los temas relacionados a la flota, componentes mayores y mantenimiento. Se analiza la NIIF 16 en su contexto teórico general, luego su aplicación en el caso de arrendamientos de aviones, y sus consecuencias en las políticas de mantenimiento.
The Galactic Centre source G2 was unlikely born in any of the known massive binaries

The source G2 has already completed its pericentre passage around Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole in the centre of our Galaxy. Although it has been monitored for 15 yr, its astrophysical nature and origin still remain unknown. In this work, we aim to test the hypothesis of G2 being the result of a stellar wind collision. To do so, we study the motion and final fate of gas clumps formed as a result of collisions of stellar winds in massive binaries. Our approach is based on a test-particle model in order to describe the trajectories of such clumps. The model takes into account the gravitational field of Sgr A*, the interaction of the clumps with the interstellar medium as well as their finite lifetimes. Our analysis allows us to reject the hypothesis based on four arguments: (i) if G2 has followed a purely Keplerian orbit since its formation, it cannot have been produced in any of the known massive binaries since their motions are not consistent, (ii) in general, gas clumps are evaporated through thermal conduction on very short timescale (⁠&lt;100yr⁠) before getting close enough to Sgr A*, (iii) IRS 16SW, the best candidate for the origin of G2, cannot generate clumps as massive as G2, and (iv) clumps ejected from IRS 16SW describe trajectories significantly different to the observed motion of G2.
Low cost and open source multi-fluorescence imaging system for teaching and research in biology and bioengineering

The advent of easy-to-use open source microcontrollers, off-the-shelf electronics and customizable manufacturing technologies has facilitated the development of inexpensive scientific devices and laboratory equipment. In this study, we describe an imaging system that integrates low-cost and open-source hardware, software and genetic resources. The multi-fluorescence imaging system consists of readily available 470 nm LEDs, a Raspberry Pi camera and a set of filters made with low cost acrylics. This device allows imaging in scales ranging from single colonies to entire plates. We developed a set of genetic components (e.g. promoters, coding sequences, terminators) and vectors following the standard framework of Golden Gate, which allowed the fabrication of genetic constructs in a combinatorial, low cost and robust manner. In order to provide simultaneous imaging of multiple wavelength signals, we screened a series of long stokes shift fluorescent proteins that could be combined with cyan/green fluorescent proteins. We found CyOFP1, mBeRFP and sfGFP to be the most compatible set for 3-channel fluorescent imaging. We developed open source Python code to operate the hardware to run time-lapse experiments with automated control of illumination and camera and a Python module to analyze data and extract meaningful biological information. To demonstrate the potential application of this integral system, we tested its performance on a diverse range of imaging assays often used in disciplines such as microbial ecology, microbiology and synthetic biology. We also assessed its potential use in a high school environment to teach biology, hardware design, optics, and programming. Together, these results demonstrate the successful integration of open source hardware, software, genetic resources and customizable manufacturing to obtain a powerful, low cost and robust system for education, scientific research and bioengineering. All the resources developed here are available under open source licenses.
Stellar variability in the VVV survey

The Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) ESO Public Survey is an ongoing time-series, near-infrared (IR) survey of the Galactic bulge and an adjacent portion of the inner disk, covering 562 square degrees of the sky, using ESOs VISTA telescope. The survey has provided superb multi-color photometry in 5 broadband filters ($Z$, $Y$, $J$, $H$, and $K_s$), leading to the best map of the inner Milky Way ever obtained, particularly in the near-IR. The main variability part of the survey, which is focused on $K_s$-band observations, is currently underway, with bulge fields having been observed between 31 and 70 times, and disk fields between 17 and 36 times. When the survey is complete, bulge (disk) fields will have been observed up to a total of 100 (60) times, providing unprecedented depth and time coverage. Here we provide a first overview of stellar variability in the VVV data, including examples of the light curves that have been collected thus far, scientific applications, and our efforts towards the automated classification of VVV light curves....
Stellar variability in the VVV survey: overview and first results

The Vista Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) ESO Public Survey is an ongoing time-series, near-infrared (IR) survey of the Galactic bulge and an adjacent portion of the inner disk, covering 562 square degrees of the sky, using ESOs VISTA telescope. The survey has provided superb multi-color photometry in 5 broadband filters (Z, Y, J, H, and K&lt;SUB&gt;s&lt;/SUB&gt; ), leading to the best map of the inner Milky Way ever obtained, particularly in the near-IR. The main part of the survey, which is focused on the variability in the K&lt;SUB&gt;s&lt;/SUB&gt; -band, is currently underway, with bulge fields observed between 34 and 73 times, and disk fields between 34 and 36 times. When the survey is complete, bulge (disk) fields will have been observed up to a total of 100 (60) times, providing unprecedented depth and time coverage in the near-IR. Here we provide a first overview of stellar variability in the VVV data....
Empowering sustainable consumption by giving back to consumers the ‘right to repair

Industry has been considered a major actor regarding the actions and changes needed to achieve sustainable development. Different approximations to the topic have been developed to face the challenges of having a more responsible production of goods and services. These approximations include cleaner production, green design, ecodesign, eco efficiency, design for sustainable behavior, sustainable design, and more recently concepts like circular economies among many more. In all these approaches, the attention has been mainly on the production side while consumption has been tackled indirectly. The majority of laws and ordinances that have motivated the emergence of these approaches have traditionally been oriented to producers. However, an European Union (EU) directive launched in October 2019, called “right to repair”, could change this paradigm, empowering consumers by giving them more possibilities of repairing their products instead of discarding them. This paper presents a preliminary discussion about the effects this directive might have on how we consume products now and how we will consume them in the future.&lt;/jats:p&gt;
Pre-engineering programs and the instillment of empowering abilities for minorities : the case of the SaviaLab Program

In this article, we will seek to present one of the few exemplars in Chile that can be considered a pre-engineering program. The national program of Savialab. Savialab just recently won the GEDC Diversity Award granted by Airbus and the Engineering Deans Council. We’ll briefly present Savialab’s methodology and describe its participants. Finally, we’ll describe our ongoing research methodology proposed to evaluate the programs impact as a genuine pre-engineering program. STEM study programs have become increasingly relevant in modern societies as they’re considered vehicles for economic and social development. Nonetheless, one of the major concerns in STEM education is the lack of adequate representation of minorities groups in these programs. Examples of this are women, low-income, rural or first-generation students, and ethnic minorities and other social identities typically underrepresented in STEM. To overcome these challenges, many public and private initiatives have been deployed. Among these, engineering schools in the US have developed educational programs to instill engineering abilities in pre-college students. These programs have been called pre-engineering programs. Although there are a significant number of articles showing the positive impact of pre-engineering, there is still concern about the lack of standards in instructional designs. In spite of the fact that ‘pre-engineering’ as a concept is becoming more broadly employed in the US, it hasn’t really reached popularity in Latin America, nor in Chile in particular.
Crash Course de Antro Diseño : herramientas aplicadas de Antro Diseño para proyectos de innovación temprana en productos, servicios y experiencias

Vivimos en una época en que el diseño y la innovación están en boca de todos y los usuarios son actores cada vez más críticos y activos en la toma de decisiones. Diseño e innovación funcionan como los principales motores del cambio organizacional, pero ¿con qué teorías dan sustento a sus soluciones? Los usuarios son vistos como el centro del proceso, pero ¿con qué metodologías se incorporan sus comportamientos y creencias de manera rigurosa y dinámica? Acorde a este panorama, el presente libro presenta un método aplicado que explora los sesgos del “ser”, evalúa el contexto y busca converger en soluciones que contemplen la interfaz humana, mezclando antropología con diseño. Esta publicación será de utilidad para emprendedores tecnológicos, de servicios y para todos quienes estén interesados en influir positivamente en sus propias organizaciones. Con el uso de una metodología que se activa a través de hojas de trabajo y tarjetas de herramientas, el individuo podrá facilitar experiencias educativas realistas para entregar una base en el proceso inicial de desarrollo de soluciones. El programa introductorio del presente Crash Course de AntroDiseño es el resultado de más de quince años de experiencia en el desarrollo de proyectos de innovación (en industria y academia) y en la capacitación de personas para proponer sus propios proyectos.
Artificial Symmetry-Breaking for Morphogenetic Engineering Bacterial Colonies

Morphogenetic engineering is an emerging field that explores the design and implementation of self-organized patterns, morphologies, and architectures in systems composed of multiple agents such as cells and swarm robots. Synthetic biology, on the other hand, aims to develop tools and formalisms that increase reproducibility, tractability, and efficiency in the engineering of biological systems. We seek to apply synthetic biology approaches to the engineering of morphologies in multicellular systems. Here, we describe the engineering of two mechanisms, symmetry-breaking and domain-specific cell regulation, as elementary functions for the prototyping of morphogenetic instructions in bacterial colonies. The former represents an artificial patterning mechanism based on plasmid segregation while the latter plays the role of artificial cell differentiation by spatial colocalization of ubiquitous and segregated components. This separation of patterning from actuation facilitates the design-build-test-improve engineering cycle. We created computational modules for CellModeller representing these basic functions and used it to guide the design process and explore the design space in silico. We applied these tools to encode spatially structured functions such as metabolic complementation, RNAPT7 gene expression, and CRISPRi/Cas9 regulation. Finally, as a proof of concept, we used CRISPRi/Cas technology to regulate cell growth by controlling methionine synthesis. These mechanisms start from single cells enabling the study of morphogenetic principles and the engineering of novel population scale structures from the bottom up.
De la naturaleza a la representación. Ciencia en los Andes meridionales

Aprovechando las representaciones cartográficas y textuales que naturalistas como Malaspina, Darwin, Gay, Burmeister, Gillis y Humboldt, entre otros, ofrecieron sobre los Andes meridionales entre 1793 y 1862, se identifican las concepciones, nociones y representaciones que la ciencia generó sobre un fenómeno natural que sucesivamente fue apreciado como ruta, relieve nacional, manifestación geológica de las fuerzas internas de la tierra o forma orográfica planetaria. Ejemplo, como se demuestra en el texto, que el instrumental científico, un marco conceptual o el método propio de la ciencia, no basta para garantizar un conocimiento uniforme sobre un fenómeno natural tan elocuente como una montaña, y que los objetivos, intereses y contextos involucrados en cada uno de los casos estudiados determinan las representaciones de la naturaleza que resultan de cada uno de ellos.
Efficacy of andrographolide in not active progressive multiple sclerosis: a prospective exploratory double-blind, parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune mediated disease and the progressive phase appears to have significant neurodegenerative mechanisms. The classification of the course of progressive MS (PMS) has been re-organized into categories of active vs. not active inflammatory disease and the presence vs. absence of gradual disease progression. Clinical trial experience to date in PMS with anti-inflammatory medications has shown limited effect. Andrographolide is a new class of anti-inflammatory agent, that has been proposed as a potential drug for autoimmune disorders, including MS. In the present trial, we perform an exploratory pilot study on the efficacy and safety of andrographolide (AP) compared to placebo in not active PMS. Methods A pilot clinical trial using 140 mg oral AP or placebo twice daily for 24 months in patients with not active primary or secondary progressive MS was conducted. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean percentage brain volume change (mPBVC). Secondary efficacy endpoints included 3-month confirmed disability progression (3-CDP) and mean EDSS change. Results Forty-four patients were randomized: 23 were assigned to the AP group, and 21 were assigned to the placebo group. The median baseline EDSS of both groups was 6.0. Annualized mPBVC was − 0.679% for the AP group and − 1.069% for the placebo group (mean difference: -0.39; 95% CI [− 0.836–0.055], p = 0.08, relative reduction: 36.5%). In the AP group, 30% had 3-CDP compared to 41% in the placebo group (HR: 0.596; 95% CI [0.200–1.777], p = 0.06). The mean EDSS change was − 0.025 in the AP group and + 0.352 in the placebo group (mean difference: 0.63, p = 0.042). Adverse events related to AP were mild rash and dysgeusia. Conclusions AP was well tolerated and showed a potential effect in reducing brain atrophy and disability progression, that need to be further evaluated in a larger clinical trial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02273635 retrospectively registered on October 24th, 2014.
Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15th century Middle Iron Age Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome.

Abstract Background The archaeological incidence of ancient human faecal material provides a rare opportunity to explore the taxonomic composition and metabolic capacity of the ancestral human intestinal microbiome (IM). Here, we report the results of the shotgun metagenomic analyses of an ancient South African palaeo-faecal specimen. Methods Following the recovery of a single desiccated palaeo-faecal specimen from Bushman Rock Shelter in Limpopo Province, South Africa, we applied a multi-proxy analytical protocol to the sample. The extraction of ancient DNA from the specimen and its subsequent shotgun metagenomic sequencing facilitated the taxonomic and metabolic characterisation of this ancient human IM. Results Our results indicate that the distal IM of the Neolithic ‘Middle Iron Age’ (c. AD 1460) Bantu-speaking individual exhibits features indicative of a largely mixed forager-agro-pastoralist diet. Subsequent comparison with the IMs of the Tyrolean Iceman (Ötzi) and contemporary Hadza hunter-gatherers, Malawian agro-pastoralists and Italians reveals that this IM precedes recent adaptation to ‘Western’ diets, including the consumption of coffee, tea, chocolate, citrus and soy, and the use of antibiotics, analgesics and also exposure to various toxic environmental pollutants. Conclusions Our analyses reveal some of the causes and means by which current human IMs are likely to have responded to recent dietary changes, prescription medications and environmental pollutants, providing rare insight into human IM evolution following the advent of the Neolithic c. 12,000 years ago. Video Abtract.
The expressiveness of SHACL and a tractable language fragment proposal.

SHACL (Shapes Constraint Language) es una especificación para describir y validar grafos RDF que recientemente se convirtió en recomendación de la W3C. La dificultad principal que presenta su uso es la ausencia de una definición oficial para el manejo de restricciones recursivas. Además, el hecho de que grafos RDF por lo general son accesibles mediante alojamiento remoto a través de solo consultas SPARQL hace que la validación dependa de dichos sistemas. En esta tesis, extendemos trabajo previo con el objetivo de mejorar el entendimiento de lo conocido del problema de validación. Primero, investigamos la posibilidad de validar un grafo contra esquemas no recursivos utilizando solo procesamiento en memoria, y mediante el procesamiento de una única consulta general. Para el caso recursivo, cuyo problema es NP-duro, revisamos la jerarquía de fragmentos de SHACL conocidos y sus respectivas dificultades. Finalmente, proponemos un nuevo fragmento de restricciones y mostramos un algoritmo que resuelve eficientemente el problema de validación. Este último se puede utilizar cuando es necesario manejar restricciones recursivas, pero manteniendo cotas de ejecución eficientes sin tener que recurrir a maquinaria externa.