vgaraujov/thesis-chile huggingface dataset:
¿Qué información preoperatoria desean los padres de ninos ˜ que serán operados?

Introducción: Los padres sienten miedo y ansiedad antes de la cirugía de un hijo(a), lo que dificulta su preparación para la cirugía. Estos sentimientos podrían ser aliviados con adecuada información preoperatoria. Objetivo: Determinar las necesidades de información preoperatoria de los padres de niños que serán operados electivamente. Pacientes y método: Se encuestó a padres de pacientes pediátricos sometidos a cirugía electiva. Se registraron variables demográficas de los padres. Se evaluó la información preoperatoria que recibieron o desearían haber recibido en cuanto a contenidos, medios, oportunidad, lugar e informante. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Ciento trece padres fueron encuestados, y más del 80% de ellos desea recibir información preoperatoria sobre la anestesia, la cirugía, el ayuno previo, los medicamentos y las complicaciones anestésicas, la monitorización, el manejo de la vía venosa, el manejo del dolor, la alimentación postoperatoria, el control de ansiedad, la sala de hospitalización y la de recuperación, y la entretención en recuperación. La mayoría desea ser informado verbalmente, 1 a 2 semanas antes y no el día de la cirugía; que el informante sea el cirujano en su consulta. Además, desean información a través de folletos, vídeos o talleres de simulación. Conclusiones: Los padres necesitan información preoperatoria completa de la anestesia, la cirugía y los cuidados postoperatorios, entregada verbalmente y en forma anticipada.
Estudio de incubadoras de negocios en el ecosistema de emprendimiento nacional e internacional con foco en incubadoras bajo el alero de universidades y su proceso de incubación.

Este trabajo estudia a las Incubadoras de Negocios operadas por Universidades, como uno de los actores principales en el ecosistema de emprendimiento en Chile, aportando en el éxito de los emprendimientos a través de sus procesos de selección, sus programas de incubación y la vinculación con la industria que tienen los emprendimientos luego de pasar por una Incubadora que funciona bajo el alero de una Universidad. En relación a la metodología, se realizó un levantamiento de información sobre las 17 Incubadoras existentes en Chile, con foco posterior en las 10 Incubadoras operadas por Universidades y que además dependan de focos públicos a través de instrumentos de CORFO. Se analizaron programas de Incubación de 3 Incubadoras Chilenas y 3 incubadoras internacionales que están dentro de los primeros 20 lugares de las mejores incubadoras operadas por Universidades según el Ranking Anual UBI Global 2019 detectándose brechas significativas en sus procesos y metodologías de incubación para finalmente entregar recomendaciones a dichas incubadoras de tal forma de mejorar sus procesos, lograr sustentabilidad dentro de sus programas de incubación y lograr aumentar el impacto en los emprendimientos que han apoyado. Dentro de la Información levantada se han considerado indicadores claves dentro de un proceso de incubación que aseguran el éxito de una Startups tales como el espacio de oficina compartida a precios favorables, apoyo profesional mediante ejecutivos y mentores capacitados, asesoramientos y tutorías en temáticas importantes para el emprendimiento y las redes profesionales y comerciales. Una vez estudiando en detalle cada uno de estos aspectos En base a estos 5 aspectos se ha realizado una comparación entre las incubadoras nacionales y la incubadora de referencia internacional donde se identificaron brechas importantes a considerar para poder entregar un servicio como Incubadora que logre generar el impacto que se desea, con énfasis principal en la creación de redes profesionales y comerciales.
Correlation and variability of the HeI 4471 and MgII 4481 absorption lines in Be stars: A possible diagnostic tool for nonradial pulsations

In a total of 181 photographic spectrograms, obtained at the Manuel Foster Observatory of the Catholic University in Santiago (Chile), the equivalent widths of the absorption lines HeI 4471 and MgII 4481 have been determined for 10 selected southern Be stars and 4 normal B-type stars. The mean equivalent widths of each star are compared to published mean values from largers samples of B stars. On the average, Be stars coincide with normal B-type stars in their equivalent width. However, a striking difference between rapidly and slowly rotating stars in their line ratios (HeI/MgII) was found, which is probably an artifact due to a systematic misclassification of spectral types of rapidly rotating B stars (v sini>200 km s?1). Six of the ten Be stars show evidence for variability in HeI and/or MgII with time-scales shorter than a few days and amplitudes up to a factor 2 in equivalent width. Line variability occurs in the entire range of projected rotation velocity (70 km s?1<v sini<350 km s?1), but seems to be restricted to spectral types B2-B4. In addition, variations at longer time-scales (years) were observed in two cases. Three of the variable stars (HR 4074, HR 4537, and ? Ara) present correlated variations in both lines, one (? Cen) anti-correlated variability. We interpret our results in terms of nonradial pulsations and stress the importance to study the HeI/MgII lines and their variability in a larger sample of Be, Bn, and normal B stars, including archival material in order to follow-up line variability for several decades in the past.
Determination of the gluon condensate and the four quark condensate via FESR

The dimension four gluon condensate and the dimension six four-quark condensate are estimated with the help of FESR by analyzing the ?-meson channel. We find that the first is a factor 2 5 and the second is (in absolute value) a factor 5 8 larger than the corresponding standard values. We have checked our results by the heat evolution test of Gauss transforms. They turn out to be consistent whereas the standard values are not.
Primary hyperparathyroidism: Changes on biochemical and hormonal profile related to pregnancy

A woman with mild asymptomatic hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism became pregnant and her serum calcium normalized while her hypophosphatemia worsered. The PTH was low normal, but her urinary cAMP was elevated. In the second trimester of pregnancy a parathyroid adenoma was removed. After surgery, a transient hypocalcemia that normalized ten days later, a partial recovery of hypophosphatemia, and a 40% reduction of the elevated urinary cAMP excretion were observed. Pregnancy continued uneventful and a normal newborn was delivered. This case demonstrates the diagnostic difficulties posed by primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy, derived from inapparent changes in serum calcium and PTH. However, phosphorus and urinary cAMP deviations are significant constituting the basis for a correct diagnosis.
Thermal degradation of chalcogenides containing poly(methacrylates)

Thermogravimetric analysis of aromatic poly(methacrylates) containing heterocyclic side chains were carried out. The effect of the substituent introduced into the side chain on the thermal stability of the polymer was investigated. The kinetic parameters of thermal degradation process were analysed. Different thermogravimetric profiles were obtained depending on the structure of the side chain of the polymer.
The paradoxical response of growth hormone (GH) to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in constitutionally tall children involves a cholinergic pathway

To investigate whether or not a cholinergic pathway is involved in the paradoxical response of GH to TRH in constitutionally tall children, we studied 8 healthy prepubertal children aged $4^{2}/{_{_{12}}} - 7^{10}/{_{_{12}}} {? yr}$, whose heights were over the 95th percentile of the NCHS tables. We defined as ?paradoxical? a GH increment greater than 5 ng/ml in response to TRH. Five out of 8 children showed a paradoxical response of GH to TRH (mean GH peak after TRH of 10.7 ? 1.1 ng/ml). Pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg IM 30 min prior to the TRH administration) abolished the TRH induced GH rise (peak GH after TRH of 1.5 ? 1.0 ng/ml, p < 0.01) but did not modify the TSH response (peak TSH after TRH: basal conditions 8.7 ? 0.8 ?U/ml, post atropine: 9.5 ? 1.4 ?U/ml, p > 0.05). Our results demonstrate that a cholinergic pathway is involved in the paradoxical response of GH to TRH in constitutionally tall children.
Shrub clumps of the Chilean matorral vegetation: structure and possible maintenance mechanisms

Previous studies have claimed that the Chilean matorral is more open than the Califonia chaparral, and have attributed this dissimilarity largely to the role of man in Chile. In this paper we show that in general the Chilean matorral has a structure better described as shrub clumps that merge to form a continuous vegetation matrix only in very mesic habitats, where it is comparable to the Califonia chaparral. We also present evidence that these clumps have been present for at least the last 26 years and that even without human disturbance they are likely to maintain themselves. Evidence for the latter pertains to seed dispersal, seed germination and establishment, seedling survival, and the diameter size structure of shrub clumps. Finally, we propose that differences between the California chaparral and Chilean matorral are more profound than previously thought and are due not only to different degrees of human disturbance, but also to the presence of periodical natural fires in California and not in Chile, and to different shrub recruitment patterns and mammalian herbivore activity in the two areas.
Upper limits of laser pulse widths required for melanosome and epidermal specific damage

A critical analysis of thermal relaxation times used as an upper limit of laser pulse widths after the absorption of laser radiation by pigmented epidermal lesions has been made. Only the case in which the radiation is absorbed mainly by melanin-containing melanosomes within the tissue is treated. Two of the known criteria currently used to estimate relaxation times are compared, and relaxation times based on an exact solution of the heat conduction equation are found. Numerical results indicate that the relaxation times needed for the temperature to reach its maximum value at a given distance from the melanosome are in the range 0?5.0 ?s when the distance varies in the range 0.5?2.0 ?m for a typical melanosome radius of 0.5 ?m, and for laser pulse widths much shorter than the corresponding non-zero relaxation times. It is shown that, with visible and ultraviolet laser pulses, it is difficult selectively to damage epidermal lesions that have a low density of melanosomes. It is suggested, therefore, that these lesions can be treated with low-fluence infrared radiation from, for example, a CO2 laser. This suggestion agrees with experimental results published by other authors.
Critical studies on the genus Callitetrarhynchus (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) with recognition of Rhynchobothrium speciosum Linton

Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (Linton, 1897) n. comb. for Rhynchobothrium speciosum is redescribed from Pomatomus saltatrix and is compared with the only other species of the genus. C. gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819), also found in the same fish. The arrangement of hooks on the tentacle of both species is illustrated. The two species, which have been included under the name C. gracilis in the past, differ mainly in the oncotaxy, different shape of the hooks of the chainette, distinct distribution of frontal glands and in the different depth of the marginal bothidial groove. ac]19840904
The pattern of callosal connections in posterior neocortex of congenitally anophthalmic rats 1897 as a valid species of the genus Callitetrarhynchus

In an effort to assess the innate capacity of the central visual system to specify corticocortical connectivity in the absence of retinal afferents, we examined the tangential distribution of callosal cells and terminations in posterior neocortex of congenitally anophthalmic rats. Although our results indicate that the callosal pattern is clearly anomalous in these rats, all features of the normal visual callosal pattern are recognizable in mutant rats, indicating that central visual pathways can generate many aspects of normal interhemispheric connectivity in the absence of input from the periphery. On the other hand, the presence of anomalies in the pattern indicates that the eyes are necessary to finetune the distribution of callosal connections at some developemental stage. Moreover, the fact that abnormalities in the callosal pattern of mutant rats are the same as those previusly described in rats enucleated at birth suggests that the eyes begin to exert their influence on callosal development after birth.
Behaviour of a copper-AISI 304 stainless steel mixed anode in electrolytic copper refining with periodic current reversal

In the search for suitable materials to be used as anode supports in the periodic current reversal refining process this work covers the study of austenitic AISI 304 stainless steel. Experimental results show that the resistance of this steel to the aggressive action of the refining electrolyte is good at the working temperature of 60 C since no corrosion was detected after 24 h of electrolysis. The periodic polarization of this material results in a progressive passivation which was observed by operating under different initial surface conditions and by detecting remnant anodic currents which gradually decreased with time. For time ratios lower than twenty, a build up of metallic copper deposit on the steel part of the mixed anode occurred whatever the current density used.
Evaluating marginal improvements to a transport network: An application to the Santiago underground

This paper describes a simplified methodology designed for quick investment appraisal of improvements to a transport network, and discusses its limitations and advantages particularly in the context of a developing country. The approach basically considers: - a method to define the total population (relevant origin-destination pairs) affected by the project - the selection of a low-cost background model to represent transport demand on a network at an aggregate level - the choice of a suitable marginal demand model (in this case a discrete mode choice model) capable of providing the required sensitivity and accuracy to model the project - the estimation of the marginal demand due to the project during all the years of the study horizon, and - a sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of the decision recommended using these two models. Finally, the paper summarises the results of applying the methodology to the case of an extension to the Santiago underground; it was found that the project has a high social rate of return (almost 20 per cent). However, from the point of view of a private evaluation, it can cover its operating costs only.
Size variation ofAcacia caven (leguminosae) pods along a climatic gradient in Chile

A southward tendency of increment in pod-length is shown for 11 populations ofAcacia caven (Mol.) Hook et Arn. localized along a climatic gradient of increasing annual rainfall in Chile. This fact would suggest thatA. caven populations occurring in the south are in better conditions for reproduction than northern populations, since pod-length is related to the amount of seeds inside the pods. The possible bearing of this southward tendency of increasing seed production upon the expansion ofA. caven toward the more humid zones in southern Chile is discussed.
Distribution of intermediate filaments in amphibian oxyntic cells

Intermediate filaments of toad oxyntic cells were isolated and analysed by SDS-PAGE. The major proteins of the residue were identified as actin and a 51,000 dalton polypeptide. Immunological crossreactivity between toad oxyntic cell intermediate filament components and anti-prekeratin, was shown by double immunodiffusion tests and indirect immunofluorescence. The immunofluorescent decoration of oxyntic cells and the electron microscope images are coincident in locating the intermediate filaments mainly at the cortical and perinuclear basal zones. Furthermore, the cortical zone appears especially rich in prekeratin-like material at its adluminal third. This results in a cup-like structure that encloses the cell portion occupied by the tubulovesicular system, which does not contain intermediate filaments. The translocation of membranes occurring during the secretory cycle of the oxyntic cell, has been attributed to a system of contractile proteins. The disposition of the prekeratin-like material suggests a role for intermediate filaments in the generation of movement, produced by actin and myosin interaction, by providing a fixed plane for the anchoring of actin microfilaments.
Phyllobothrium discopygi n. sp. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from Chile with a critical comparison of the affinities of P. auricula van Beneden 1858 and P. foliatum Linton 1890

Phyllobothrium discopygi n. sp. is described from the spiral valve of Discopyge tschudi Heckel, 1846 (Torpedinidae) taken in the Pacific Ocean off Coquimbo, San Antonio and Antofagasta, Chile, Specimens are described from whole-mounts, sections and SEM. Phyllobothrium discopygi is distinguished from other tetraphyllidean cestodes of the genus Phyllobothrium van Beneden, 1849 by a bifurcate scolex with bothridia joined in pairs, short neck, testes number and distribution, and morphology of the vitelline follicles and ovary. Phyllobothrium foliatum Linton, 1890 is considered a junior synonym of P. auricula van Beneden, 1858 following comparisons of P. auricula from D. pastinaca, Linton's holotype of P. foliatum from D. centroura and fresh specimens from D. centroura taken in waters near Woods Hole, Massachusetts. A meristic comparison of the adult worms is presented.
Mixed computation of Prolog programs

This paper describes theoretical as well as implementation issues involved in the design of amix partial evaluator, starting from an interpretive specification using Prolog as the source language. First, the general theory of mixed computation is shown, together with the description of some of the problems involved in it. After this, the design of amix partial evaluator for a subset of Prolog is explained. Here, three algorithms with increasing complexity are shown. Finally, a correctness criterion for themix process is presented, together with the proof that the previously shown algorithms generate correct residual programs.
Contractile response of canine gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi to substance P and related peptidesin vitro

Substance P (SP) is a neurotransmitter peptide that is widely distributed in the body. Since SP has been demonstra in the gallbladder (GB) and bile ducts of dogs, it may have a role in biliary motility. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of SP on the GB and sphincter of Oddi (SOD) of dogs in vitro,to evaluate the structure-activity relationship of SP, and to compare the contractile effect of SP with that of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and acetylcholine (Ach). Isolated longitudinal strips of GB and SOD from dogs were suspended in oxygenated Krebs buffer and the isometric tension responses to various doses of CCK-8, Ach, SP, and SP homologs [SP-free acid (SPFA), Octa-SP (O-SP), physalaemin (PHY)] were measured. We found that all the SP homologs, other than SPFA, stimulated GB and SOD contractions in vitroin a dose-dependent manner. The potency of SP and its homologs on GB and SOD was SP ?PHY > O-SP; SPFA was without effect. CCK-8 was significantly more effective than SP on GB contraction, but unlike SP, CCK had no effect on SOD. The maximum contraction achieved by Ach was 1.3 (SOD) to 2.3 (GB) times greater than that achieved by SP, but the ED 50 of SP was approximately 100- to 200-fold lower than that of Ach. The contractile effect of SP was partially blocked by 10 ?5 M atropine. We suggest from the above results that contractile effects of SP on the dog GB and SOD are probably mediated through binding to specific SP receptors that require the C-terminal amino group and the C-terminal penta-peptide sequence in order to be most effective.
Ogmogaster heptalineatus n.sp. (Trematoda: Notocotylidae) from the Chilean sea lion Otaria flavescens

Ogmogaster heptalineatus n.sp. is described from the Chilean sea lion Otaria flavescens. Distinct characteristics of the species are: presence of 7 longitudinal ridges on the ventral surface, cirrus armed with scales, testes and ovary deeply lobed and eggs circular with short polar filaments. This is the first report of the genus Ogmogaster from South America and the first report of Otaria flavescens as a host for this genus. ac]19820320
Nitrogen in litterfall and precipitation and its release during litter decomposition in the Chilean piedmont matorral

Parts of the nitrogen cycle involving two dominants (Lithraea caustica andQuillaja saponaria) in the Chilean piedmont matorral have been studied over a 15-month period. Analyses showed that 8.2 kg N ha?1 yr?1 entered the system in rainfall and dry deposition, though impaction of N-containing compounds on vegetation (not measured) may elevate this value.L. caustica, by virtue of its greater percent cover, contributed more leaf litter than didQ. saponaria to the system (1089,vs 737 kg dry matter ha?1 yr?1, respectively), although on an individual basisQ. saponaria produced more litter (640,vs 350 g dry leaf litter m?2 yr?1 rL. caustica). This plus the greater nitrogen release ofL. caustica leaf litter during decomposition (2.61,vs 0.60 g N kg dry litter?1 yr?1 forQ. saponaria) andQ. saponaria's higher N-content of dropped leaves (0.54,vs 0.37% N forL. caustica) may indicate a more external cycling of nitrogen inQ. saponaria relative to that inL. caustica. These two species may therefore represent two different strategies of individual nitrogen cycling, external and internal.
Growing seasons in Chile: Observation and prediction

Temperature data for 42 Chilean locations were analysed and heat sums calculated (for base 5 C and 10 C). Also, the length, starting and ending dates of the growing seasons were obtained. Temperature values normally found in Chilean climatological records, i.e. monthly and annual means, were related with temperature accumulations. In Chile it is possible to predict the accumulation of temperature from the annual mean temperature (r=0.995, P<.001, for base 5 C and r=0.984, P<.001, for base 10 C) or from the mean monthly temperature of January. In this latter case, a good adjustment with an exponential curve is found (r=0.76, P<0.001, base 5 C; r=0.78, P<0.001, base 10 C). For Chile, temperature courses along the year were approximated by using a harmonic analysis. No significant differences were observed between predicted and observed values. By integrating these equations as a function of time, it is possible to determine both the accumulation of temperature and the length of growing seasons for different threshold temperatures. A significant relationship was found between these variables and the latitude, and gradients were also obtained. Differences exist between littoral and continental stations in the extension of growing seasons and the accumulation of temperatures.