vgaraujov/thesis-chile huggingface dataset:
Entre lo urbano y lo doméstico: escalas para habitar en comunidad. Repensando los espacios de uso común en la Villa San Cristóbal ex Tupac AmaruEntre lo urbano y lo doméstico: escalas para habitar en comunidad. Repensando los espacios de uso común en la Villa San Cristóbal ex Tupac AmaruEntre lo urbano y lo doméstico: escalas para habitar en comunidad. Repensando los espacios de uso común en la Villa San Cristóbal ex Tupac AmaruEntre lo urbano y lo doméstico: escalas para habitar en comunidad. Repensando los espacios de uso común en la Villa San Cristóbal ex Tupac AmaruEntre lo urbano y lo doméstico: escalas para habitar en comunidad. Repensando los espacios de uso común en la Villa San Cristóbal ex Tupac Amaru

Varios conjuntos de vivienda modernos, construidos entre las décadas del 50’ y 70’, fueron pioneros al incluir nuevas tipologías de vivienda y entrar en la discusión sobre la calidad de estas y del valor del espacio colectivo. Muchas de ellas fueron de carácter exploratorio, intentando adelantarse a la época y nuevos estilos de vida. En la actualidad podemos apreciar conceptos que quedaron obsoletos, mientras otros espacios reformularon su funcionalidad para adaptarse a los nuevos residentes. Este estudio plantea discutir sobre los rasgos colectivos en torno a los conjuntos habitacionales, principalmente en los llamados espacios comunes, en un intento de establecer sus falencias y por qué varios de estos cayeron en abandono. Se tomará de base el Conjunto Habitacional Tupac Amaru, hoy en día Villa San Cristóbal, para que a través de su análisis y diagnóstico se puedan debatir problemáticas puntuales y explorar propuestas que puedan dar respuesta a problemas actuales, de ciertos espacios comunes en la vivienda colectiva.
Cerro-ciudad mapuche: aportes de una arquitectura con pertenencia indígena y sus implicancias urbanas a través del enclave. Caso en Cerro Blanco, Recoleta, Chile.

Durante las últimas décadas el sistema de producción capitalista ha desencadenado la exclusión de los barrios más vulnerables a las periferias de las grandes ciudades. A pesar de que el factor económico ha sido el más influyente en la separación territorial, la sociología urbana muestra que en algunos casos la exclusión está asociada a una minoría social. En Chile la vivienda con pertenencia indígena es un tema explorado. Existen diversas políticas e investigaciones vinculadas a la pieza arquitectónica. El problema aparece cuando esta pieza se desliga del suelo que ocupa, y al comparar los conjuntos de vivienda actuales con las características del gueto, muchos puntos resultan coincidentes. Se busca investigar a través de la noción de enclave, las implicancias urbanas de la vivienda con pertenencia indígena-chilena para evitar la exclusión territorial y poner en tensión el edificio y la ciudad.
DNA promoter methylation as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in gallbladder cancer

Gallbladder cancer is an infrequent neoplasia with noticeable geographical variations in its incidence around the world. In Chile, it is the main cause of death owing to cancer in women over 40 years old, with mortality rates up to 16.5 per 100,000 cases. The prognosis is poor with few therapeutic options; in advanced cases there is only a 10% survival at 5 years. Several studies mention the possible role of DNA methylation in gallbladder carcinogenesis. This epigenetic modification affects tumor suppressor genes involved in regulation pathways, cell cycle control, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix degradation, in a sequential and cumulative way. Determining DNA methylation patterns would allow them to be used as biomarkers for the early detection, diagnosis, prognosis and/or therapeutic selection in gallbladder cancer.
Trawen confluencia entre tradición y producción: la producción artesanal de cochayuyo como estructura de paisaje para un Lof costero sostenible, Tirúa, Región del Biobío

Durvillaea antarctica, nombre científico del cochayuyo fue el punto de partida de esta investigación. Esta alga nativa está presente en casi toda la costa chilena y ha sido extraída por los indígenas de nuestro país con distintos fines a lo largo de los años. El análisis de esta alga derivó a su territorialización, el cual a su vez nos sitúa en Tirúa, pueblo ubicado al sur de la región del Biobío. Este se caracteriza por la cosecha artesanal de cochayuyo, tradición que se mantiene hasta el día de hoy por los Lafkenches gracias a la significativa relación que tienen con el mar. Esta actividad presenta un fuerte potencial para diversificarse y ampliar su mercado, nutriendo la tradición a través de variados subproductos derivados del cochayuyo entregando mayor desarrollo local a la zona. Esta tesis identifica tres estrategias claves para trabajar el territorio Lafkenche; cultura en relación a un tejido, el cochayuyo como elemento en relación a una medida y el concepto de campo en relación a una matriz, a través de estas se proponen espacios llamados Trawen, lo cual en mapudungún significa lugar de confluencia, estos darán cabida a la convergencia entre tradición y producción. Los Trawen; costero, de pradera y de bosque son espacios donde la tradición de cosechar cochayuyo se verá potenciada por infraestructura de producción en las distintas etapas de esta ruta generando una estructura de paisaje para los Lof (territorio comprendido por una unidad familiar) costeros basados en la cosecha de esta alga.
MicroRNA-335-5p is a potential suppressor of metastasis and invasion in gastric cancer

Background. Multiple aberrant microRNA expression has been reported in gastric cancer. Among them, microRNA-335-5p (miR-335), a microRNA regulated by DNA methylation, has been reported to possess both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter activities.Results. Herein, we show that miR-335 levels are reduced in gastric cancer and significantly associate with lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion, and ultimately poor patient survival in a cohort of Amerindian/Hispanic patients. In two gastric cancer cell lines AGS and, Hs 746T the exogenous miR-335 decreases migration, invasion, viability, and anchorage-independent cell growth capacities. Performing a PCR array on cells transfected with miR-335, 19 (30.6%) out of 62 genes involved in metastasis and tumor invasion showed decreased transcription levels. Network enrichment analysis narrowed these genes to nine (PLAUR, CDH11, COL4A2, CTGF, CTSK, MMP7, PDGFA, TIMP1, and TIMP2). Elevated levels of PLAUR, a validated target gene, and CDH11 were confirmed in tumors with low expression of miR-335. The 3â€²UTR of CDH11 was identified to be directly targeted by miR-335. Downregulation of miR-335 was also demonstrated in plasma samples from gastric cancer patients and inversely correlated with DNA methylation of promoter region (Z = 1.96, pÂ =Â 0.029). DNA methylation, evaluated by methylation-specific PCR assay, was found in plasma from 23 (56.1%) out of 41 gastric cancer patients but in only 9 (30%) out of 30 healthy donors (pÂ =Â 0.029, Pearsonâ€™s correlation). Taken in consideration, our results of the association with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis together with functional assays on cell migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity are in accordance with the downregulation of miR-335 in gastric cancer. Conclusions. Comprehensive evaluation of metastasis and invasion pathway identified a subset of associated genes and confirmed PLAUR and CDH11, both targets of miR-335, to be overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues. DNA methylation of miR-335 may be a promissory strategy for non-invasive approach to gastric cancer
Epigenetic alterations in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most malignant tumors and the second or third most common type of cancer in women worldwide. The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and CC is widely known and accepted (99.7% of cases). At present, the pathogenesis mechanisms of CC are not entirely clear. It has been shown that inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes play a significant role in carcinogenesis, caused by the genetic and epigenetic alterations. In the past, it was generally thought that genetic mutation was a key event of tumor pathogenesis, especially somatic mutation of tumor suppressor genes. With deeper understanding of tumors in recent years, increasing evidence has shown that epigenetic silencing of those genes, as a result of aberrant hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoters and histone modification, is essential to carcinogenesis and metastasis. The term epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression caused by regulation mechanisms, other than changes in DNA sequence. Specific epigenetic processes include DNA methylation, chromotin remodeling, histone modification, and microRNA regulations. These alterations, in combination or individually, make it possible to establish the methylation profiles, histone modification maps, and expression profiles characteristic of this pathology, which become useful tools for screening, early detection, or prognostic markers in cervical cancer. This paper reviews recent epigenetics research progress in the CC study, and tries to depict the relationships between CC and DNA methylation, histone modification, as well as microRNA regulations.
La Gran Ciudad de Mario Pani: la construcción de la Ciudad de México a través de los multifamiliares (1949-1964)

Esta tesis propone presentar una interpretación de las estrategias de diseño urbano y arquitectónico empleadas por Mario Pani para enfrentar el fenómeno de la Gran Ciudad. A partir de una visión histórica del México postrevolucionario y su transición hacia un país urbano, expone a Pani como un impulsor de la construcción en altura y el desarrollo de la vivienda colectiva a través de los centros urbanos, los cuales fueron adoptados por el Estado mexicano como parte de su política habitacional para apoyar a los trabajadores de la capital del país. Partiendo de una revisión histórica y de la reconstrucción gráfica de los conjuntos Presidente Alemán (1949), el Centro Urbano Presidente Juárez (1952), la Unidad Santa Fe (1957) y el Centro Urbano Nonoalco-Tlatelolco (1964); se analizaron las estrategias implementadas a partir de las variables de trazo urbano, configuración de la manzana, ocupación, densidad habitacional, disposición de los servicios y equipamientos, configuración tipológica y estructuración de la vivienda colectiva; con la finalidad de elaborar una lectura de la visión urbana-arquitectónica de Mario Pani para afrontar la transición a la gran ciudad.
A hypoperfusion context may aid to interpret hyperlactatemia in sepsis-3 septic shock patients : a proof-of-concept study

Abstract Background Persistent hyperlactatemia is particularly difficult to interpret in septic shock. Besides hypoperfusion, adrenergic-driven lactate production and impaired lactate clearance are important contributors. However, clinical recognition of different sources of hyperlactatemia is unfortunately not a common practice and patients are treated with the same strategy despite the risk of over-resuscitation in some. Indeed, pursuing additional resuscitation in non-hypoperfusion-related cases might lead to the toxicity of fluid overload and vasoactive drugs. We hypothesized that two different clinical patterns can be recognized in septic shock patients through a multimodal perfusion monitoring. Hyperlactatemic patients with a hypoperfusion context probably represent a more severe acute circulatory dysfunction, and the absence of a hypoperfusion context is eventually associated with a good outcome. We performed a retrospective analysis of a database of septic shock patients with persistent hyperlactatemia after initial resuscitation. Results We defined hypoperfusion context by the presence of a ScvO2 < 70%, or a P(cv-a)CO2 ≥6 mmHg, or a CRT ≥4 s together with hyperlactatemia. Ninety patients were included, of whom seventy exhibited a hypoperfusion-related pattern and 20 did not. Although lactate values were comparable at baseline (4.8 ± 2.8 vs. 4.7 ± 3.7 mmol/L), patients with a hypoperfusion context exhibited a more severe circulatory dysfunction with higher vasopressor requirements, and a trend to longer mechanical ventilation days, ICU stay, and more rescue therapies. Only one of the 20 hyperlactatemic patients without a hypoperfusion context died (5%) compared to 11 of the 70 with hypoperfusion-related hyperlactatemia (16%). Conclusions Two different clinical patterns among hyperlactatemic septic shock patients may be identified according to hypoperfusion context. Patients with hyperlactatemia plus low ScvO2, or high P(cv-a)CO2, or high CRT values exhibited a more severe circulatory dysfunction. This provides a starting point to launch further prospective studies to confirm if this approach can lead to a more selective resuscitation strategy.
A methodological survey of the analysis, reporting and interpretation of Absolute Risk ReductiOn in systematic revieWs (ARROW): a study protocol

Abstract Background Clinicians, providers and guideline panels use absolute effects to weigh the advantages and downsides of treatment alternatives. Relative measures have the potential to mislead readers. However, little is known about the reporting of absolute measures in systematic reviews. The objectives of our study are to determine the proportion of systematic reviews that report absolute measures of effect for the most important outcomes, and ascertain how they are analyzed, reported and interpreted. Methods/design We will conduct a methodological survey of systematic reviews published in 2010. We will conduct a 1:1 stratified random sampling of Cochrane vs. non-Cochrane systematic reviews. We will calculate the proportion of systematic reviews reporting at least one absolute estimate of effect for the most patient-important outcome for the comparison of interest. We will conduct multivariable logistic regression analyses with the reporting of an absolute estimate of effect as the dependent variable and pre-specified study characteristics as the independent variables. For systematic reviews reporting an absolute estimate of effect, we will document the methods used for the analysis, reporting and interpretation of the absolute estimate. Discussion Our methodological survey will inform current practices regarding reporting of absolute estimates in systematic reviews. Our findings may influence recommendations on reporting, conduct and interpretation of absolute estimates. Our results are likely to be of interest to systematic review authors, funding agencies, clinicians, guideline developers and journal editors.
A Single-Blind Randomized Trial About the Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration on Light-Activated Bleaching

Objective: To compare the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) of two hydrogen peroxide ( HP) concentrations (20% and 35%) used for in-office bleaching associated or not with a light-emitting diode (LED)/laser light activation. Method: Seventy-seven patients with a right maxillary canine darker than A3 were selected for this single-blind randomized trial. The participants were distributed in four groups: bleaching with 35% HP, 35% HP + LED/laser, 20% HP, and 20% HP + LED/laser. The anterior teeth were bleached in two sessions, using a 35% or 20% HP gel with a one-week interval. Each session had three applications of 15 minutes. For the light-activated groups, the LED/laser energy (Whitening Laser Light Plus, DMC) was employed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The color change was evaluated by subjective and objective methods. Participants recorded TS with five-point verbal and visual analog scales. Color change in DE was evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey tests (alpha = 0.05) and in Delta SGU with Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn test. The absolute risk of TS and TS intensity were evaluated by Fisher exact test and Krus-kall-Wallis test, respectively (alpha = 0.05). Results: All groups achieved the same level of whitening, except for the 20% HP group, which showed the lowest degree of whitening in the subjective analysis. The use of light did not increase the absolute risk or intensity of TS. No significant difference among groups was observed when color changes were assessed with the spectrophotometer. Conclusion: According to the value-oriented shade guide, the use of LED/laser light activation was able to increase the degree of whitening of the 20% HP group, but this association was not useful for the 35% HP gel. The spectrophotometer, however, did not detect significant differences among groups.
Collagen cross-linkers on dentin bonding: Stability of the adhesive interfaces, degree of conversion of the adhesive, cytotoxicity and in situ MMP inhibition

Objective. To investigate the effect of collagen cross-links on the stability of adhesive properties, the degree of conversion within the hybrid layer, cytotoxicity and the inhibition potential of the MMPs' activity. Methods. The dentin surfaces of human molars were acid-etched and treated with primers containing: 6.5 wt% proanthocyanidin, UVA-activated 0.1 wt% riboflavin, 5 wt% glutaraldehyde and distilled water for 60s. Following, dentin was bonded with Adper Single Bond Plus and Tetric N-Bond; and restored with resin composite. The samples were sectioned into resin-dentin "sticks" and tested for microtensile bond strength (mu TBS) after immediate (IM) and 18-month (18 M) periods. Bonded sticks at each period were used to evaluate nanoleakage and the degree of conversion (DC) under micro-Raman spectroscopy. The enzimatic activity (P1L10 cross-linkers, P1L22 MMPs' activities) in the hybrid layer was evaluated under confocal microscopy. The culture cell (NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line) and MTT assay were performed to transdentinal cytotoxicity evaluation. Data from all tests were submitted to appropriate statistical analysis (alpha = 0.05). Results. All cross-linking primers reduced the degradation of mu TBS compared with the control group after 18 M (p > 0.05). The DC was not affected (p > 0.213). The NL increased after 18 M for all experimental groups, except for proanthocyanidin with Single Bond Plus (p > 0.05). All of the cross-link agents reduced the MMPs' activity, although this inhibition was more pronounced by PA. The cytotoxicity assay revealed reduced cell viability only for glutaraldehyde (p < 0.001). Significance. Cross-linking primers used in clinically relevant minimized the time degradation of the mu TBS without jeopardizing the adhesive polymerization, as well as reduced the collagenolytic activity of MMPs. Glutaraldeyde reduced cell viability significantly and should be avoided for clinical use. (C) 2016 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparison of efficacy of tray-delivered carbamide and hydrogen peroxide for at-home bleaching: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of the study was to compare the color change produced by tray-delivered carbamide peroxide [CP] versus hydrogen peroxide products [HP] for at-home bleaching through a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE via PubMeb, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database (LILACS), Brazilian Library in Dentistry (BBO), and Cochrane Library and Grey literature were searched without restrictions. The abstracts of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) and unpublished and ongoing trial registries were also searched. Dissertations and theses were explored using the ProQuest Dissertations and Periodicos Capes Theses databases. We included randomized clinical trials that compared tray-delivered CP versus HP for at-home dental bleaching. The color change in shade guide units (SGU) and Delta E were the primary outcomes, and tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation were the secondary outcomes. The risk of bias tool of the Cochrane Collaboration was used for quality assessment. After duplicate removal, 1379 articles were identified. However, only eight studies were considered to be at "low" risk of bias in the key domains of the risk bias tool and they were included in the analysis. For Delta E, the standardized mean difference was -0.45 (95 % CI -0.69 to -0.21), which favored tray-delivered CP products (p < 0.001). The color change in Delta SGU (p = 0.70), tooth sensitivity (p = 0.83), and gingival irritation (p = 0.62) were not significantly different between groups. Tray-delivered CP gels showed a slightly better whitening efficacy than HP-based products in terms of Delta E, but they were similar in terms of Delta SGU. Both whitening systems demonstrated equal level of gingival irritation and tooth sensitivity. Tray-delivered CP gels have a slightly better whitening efficacy than HP-based products in terms of Delta E. This should be interpreted with caution as the data of Delta SGU did not show statistical difference between the products.
Degradation of dentin-bonded interfaces treated with collagen cross-linking agents in a cariogenic oral environment: An in situ study

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of treatment using collagen cross-linking agents as primer on resin-dentin bond interfaces subjected to cariogenic oral environment (COE). Methods: Each of forty human teeth had two cavities (4 x 4 x 1.5 mm) prepared within enamel margins. These cavities were acid-etched and treated by the primers containing one of the following treatment agents (6.5% proanthocyanidins, 0.1% riboflavin-UVA activated light, 5% glutaraldehyde or distilled water as a control group). After that the cavities were bonded and restored with resin composite. One restoration for each tooth was tested immediately (IM) and another was included in an intra-oral palatal device that was placed in each mouth of ten adult volunteers for 14 days in COE. After 14 days, the teeth were removed and each restoration was sectioned to obtain a slice for Knoop microhardness (KHN) and resin-dentin bonded sticks for microtensile bond strength (mu TBS) and nanoleakage (NL) evaluation. Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (alpha = 0.05). Results: After 14 days in a COE, the KHN was reduced for all groups, except for the glutaraldehyde group; however, the proanthocyanidins group retained the highest KHN in IM and after COE (p < 0.05). The mu TBS was not reduced after COE for the proanthocyanidins and glutaraldehyde groups, however only the proanthocyanidins treatment did not increase the NL after COE (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The in situ study model seems to be a suitable short-term methodology to investigate the degradation of the bonding interfaces under a more realistic condition. Under COE, the proanthocyanidins and glutaraldehyde treatments produced stable interfaces that are worth further clinical investigation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.