CVE-2023-53143 (Moderate severity, published 2025-05-01)
CVSS score: 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-129
Description: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: fix another off-by-one fsmap error on 1k block filesystems

Apparently syzbot figured out that issuing this FSMAP call:

struct fsmap_head cmd = {
	.fmh_count	= ...;
	.fmh_keys	= {
		{ .fmr_device = /* ext4 dev */, .fmr_physical = 0, },
		{ .fmr_device = /* ext4 dev */, .fmr_physical = 0, },
	},
...
};
ret = ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFSMAP, &cmd);

Produces this crash if the underlying filesystem is a 1k-block ext4
filesystem:

kernel BUG at fs/ext4/ext4.h:3331!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
CPU: 3 PID: 3227965 Comm: xfs_io Tainted: G        W  O       6.2.0-rc8-achx
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:ext4_mb_load_buddy_gfp+0x47c/0x570 [ext4]
RSP: 0018:ffffc90007c03998 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: ffff888004978000 RBX: ffffc90007c03a20 RCX: ffff888041618000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000000005a4 RDI: ffffffffa0c99b11
RBP: ffff888012330000 R08: ffffffffa0c2b7d0 R09: 0000000000000400
R10: ffffc90007c03950 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000001
R13: 00000000ffffffff R14: 0000000000000c40 R15: ffff88802678c398
FS:  00007fdf2020c880(0000) GS:ffff88807e100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007ffd318a5fe8 CR3: 000000007f80f001 CR4: 00000000001706e0
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 ext4_mballoc_query_range+0x4b/0x210 [ext4 dfa189daddffe8fecd3cdfd00564e0f265a8ab80]
 ext4_getfsmap_datadev+0x713/0x890 [ext4 dfa189daddffe8fecd3cdfd00564e0f265a8ab80]
 ext4_getfsmap+0x2b7/0x330 [ext4 dfa189daddffe8fecd3cdfd00564e0f265a8ab80]
 ext4_ioc_getfsmap+0x153/0x2b0 [ext4 dfa189daddffe8fecd3cdfd00564e0f265a8ab80]
 __ext4_ioctl+0x2a7/0x17e0 [ext4 dfa189daddffe8fecd3cdfd00564e0f265a8ab80]
 __x64_sys_ioctl+0x82/0xa0
 do_syscall_64+0x2b/0x80
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
RIP: 0033:0x7fdf20558aff
RSP: 002b:00007ffd318a9e30 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00000000000200c0 RCX: 00007fdf20558aff
RDX: 00007fdf1feb2010 RSI: 00000000c0c0583b RDI: 0000000000000003
RBP: 00005625c0634be0 R08: 00005625c0634c40 R09: 0000000000000001
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007fdf1feb2010
R13: 00005625be70d994 R14: 0000000000000800 R15: 0000000000000000

For GETFSMAP calls, the caller selects a physical block device by
writing its block number into fsmap_head.fmh_keys[01].fmr_device.
To query mappings for a subrange of the device, the starting byte of the
range is written to fsmap_head.fmh_keys[0].fmr_physical and the last
byte of the range goes in fsmap_head.fmh_keys[1].fmr_physical.

IOWs, to query what mappings overlap with bytes 3-14 of /dev/sda, you'd
set the inputs as follows:

	fmh_keys[0] = { .fmr_device = major(8, 0), .fmr_physical = 3},
	fmh_keys[1] = { .fmr_device = major(8, 0), .fmr_physical = 14},

Which would return you whatever is mapped in the 12 bytes starting at
physical offset 3.

The crash is due to insufficient range validation of keys[1] in
ext4_getfsmap_datadev.  On 1k-block filesystems, block 0 is not part of
the filesystem, which means that s_first_data_block is nonzero.
ext4_get_group_no_and_offset subtracts this quantity from the blocknr
argument before cracking it into a group number and a block number
within a group.  IOWs, block group 0 spans blocks 1-8192 (1-based)
instead of 0-8191 (0-based) like what happens with larger blocksizes.

The net result of this encoding is that blocknr < s_first_data_block is
not a valid input to this function.  The end_fsb variable is set from
the keys that are copied from userspace, which means that in the above
example, its value is zero.  That leads to an underflow here:

	blocknr = blocknr - le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block);

The division then operates on -1:

	offset = do_div(blocknr, EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb)) >>
		EXT4_SB(sb)->s_cluster_bits;

Leaving an impossibly large group number (2^32-1) in blocknr.
ext4_getfsmap_check_keys checked that keys[0
---truncated---
Statement: A kernel crash (invalid opcode) may be triggered on ext4 filesystems with 1K block size via an off-by-one error in the FS_IOC_GETFSMAP ioctl handler (ext4_getfsmap_datadev). The bug is caused by improper validation of fmr_physical values in the second fsmap key, allowing userspace to provide a physical block offset that underflows the internal logic of ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(). The issue is considered Moderate severity due to the potential to trigger a system crash from an unprivileged context, although it requires a specific filesystem configuration (1K block size).
Mitigation: Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options don't meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.