vdanen/rhvex-cve huggingface dataset:
CVE-2020-2779 (Moderate severity, published 2020-04-13)
CVSS score: 4.9 (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
Description: Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Security: Privileges). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.18 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
CVE-2020-8661 (Moderate severity, published 2020-03-03)
CVSS score: 7.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-400
Description: A resource consumption vulnerability was found in the servicemesh-proxy in Envoy. An attacker could use pipelined requests to cause excessive amounts of memory to be used, possibly degrading or crashing the application.
CVE-2020-8231 (Low severity, published 2020-08-18)
CVSS score: 3.7 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)
CWE: CWE-822
Description: A flaw was found in libcurl from versions 7.29.0 through 7.71.1. An application that performs multiple requests with libcurl's multi API, and sets the `CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY` option, might experience libcurl using the wrong connection. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality.
CVE-2020-26418 (Low severity, published 2020-12-08)
CVSS score: 5.9 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-617
Description: A flaw was discovered in the Apache Kafka protocol dissector of Wireshark while decoding packets captured in a pcap file or coming from the network. A remote attacker may abuse this flaw by sending specially crafted packets that, when processed, would potentially make Wireshark crash resulting in a denial of service. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.
Statement: This issue does not affect the versions of `wireshark` as shipped with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, and 7, as they did not include support for the Apache Kafka dissector.
CVE-2020-14093 (Moderate severity, published 2020-06-14)
CVSS score: 5.9 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)
CWE: CWE-200
Description: Mutt before 1.14.3 allows an IMAP fcc/postpone man-in-the-middle attack via a PREAUTH response.
CVE-2020-6385 (Important severity, published 2020-02-03)
CVSS score: 8.8 (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Description: Insufficient policy enforcement in storage in Google Chrome prior to 80.0.3987.87 allowed a remote attacker to bypass site isolation via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2020-36048 (Important severity, published 2020-01-07)
CVSS score: 7.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-400
Description: An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability was found in engine.io. If an attacker crafts a packet with a very large payload length or crafts many small packets, this can cause the engine.io to consume an ever increasing amount of memory and/or CPU, resulting in a denial of service. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.
Statement: Red Hat Quay uses engine.io as a dependency of karma. Karma and therefore engine.io are only used at build time, and not during runtime, making this vulnerability low impact for Red Hat Quay.
CVE-2020-25664 (Moderate severity, published 2019-10-03)
CVSS score: 6.1 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H)
CWE: CWE-787
Description: A flaw was found in ImageMagick. A specially crafted image could cause an out-of-bounds memory write leading to a crash. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.
Statement: This flaw is out of support scope for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, and 7. Inkscape is not affected because it no longer uses a bundled ImageMagick in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. For more information regarding support scopes, please see https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/updates/errata .
CVE-2020-6501 (Moderate severity, published 2020-02-03)
CVSS score: 6.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)
Description: Insufficient policy enforcement in CSP in Google Chrome prior to 80.0.3987.87 allowed a remote attacker to bypass content security policy via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2020-12393 (Moderate severity, published 2020-05-04)
CVSS score: 7.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CWE: CWE-552
Description: The 'Copy as cURL' feature of Devtools' network tab did not properly escape the HTTP method of a request, which can be controlled by the website. If a user used the 'Copy as cURL' feature and pasted the command into a terminal, it could have resulted in command injection and arbitrary command execution. *Note: this issue only affects Firefox on Windows operating systems.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 68.8, Firefox < 76, and Thunderbird < 68.8.0.
Statement: This issue only affects Firefox on Windows operating systems.  Firefox on Linux is not affected.
CVE-2020-1694 (Low severity, published 2020-07-01)
CVSS score: 3.3 (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)
CWE: CWE-732
Description: A flaw was found in Keycloak, where the NodeJS adapter did not support the verify-token-audience. This flaw results in  some users having access to sensitive information outside of their permissions.
CVE-2020-28282 (Important severity, published 2020-12-28)
CVSS score: 9.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CWE: CWE-915
Description: A flaw was found in nodejs-getobject. The `set()` function does not check for the type of object before assigning value to the property allowing an attacker to create a non-existent property or allow the manipulation of the property which could lead to a denial of service or a remote code execution. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.
Statement: In OpenShift ServiceMesh (OSSM) the affected components are behind OpenShift OAuth authentication. This restricts access to the vulnerable nodejs-getobject library to authenticated users only, therefore the impact is Low. OpenShift ServiceMesh (OSSM) 1.1 is out of support scope for Moderate and Low impact vulnerabilities, hence is marked Out Of Support Scope.
CVE-2020-36766 (Low severity, published 2023-09-18)
CVSS score: 3.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)
Description: A flaw was found in cec_adap_g_log_addrs in drivers/media/cec/core/cec-api.c in the Linux Kernel. This issue may allow a local attacker to leak one byte of kernel memory on specific hardware to unprivileged users, directly assigning log_addrs with a hole in the structure, causing a kernel information leak problem.
Mitigation: Mitigation for this issue is to skip loading the affected module HDMI Consumer Electronics Control framework driver "cec" onto the system until we have a fix available. This can be done by a blacklist mechanism, which will ensure the driver is not loaded at the boot time.
~~~
How do I blacklist a kernel module to prevent it from loading automatically?
https://access.redhat.com/solutions/41278 
~~~
CVE-2020-11045 (Low severity, published 2020-03-29)
CVSS score: 3.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L)
CWE: CWE-125
Description: In FreeRDP after 1.0 and before 2.0.0, there is an out-of-bound read in in update_read_bitmap_data that allows client memory to be read to an image buffer. The result displayed on screen as colour.
CVE-2020-14302 (Low severity, published 2020-11-25)
CVSS score: 3.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L)
CWE: CWE-294
Description: A flaw was found in Keycloak, where an external identity provider, after successful authentication, redirects to a Keycloak endpoint that accepts multiple invocations with the use of the same "state" parameter. This flaw allows a malicious user to perform replay attacks.
CVE-2020-11100 (Critical severity, published 2020-04-02)
CVSS score: 8.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CWE: CWE-787
Description: A flaw was found in the way HAProxy processed certain HTTP/2 request packets. This flaw allows an attacker to send crafted HTTP/2 request packets, which cause memory corruption, leading to a crash or potential remote arbitrary code execution with the permissions of the user running HAProxy.
Statement: HAProxy packages shipped with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7 do not contain support for HTTP/2; therefore, they are not affected by this flaw.

OpenShift Container Platform versions through 4.3 contain the vulnerable code; exploitation requires setting ROUTER_USE_HTTP2 in the OpenShift Ingress Operator, which is not currently possible. The impact of this vulnerability is therefore reduced in OCP 4.x, prior to version 4.4, to low.

OpenShift Container Platform 3.11 added a configuration option to ose-haproxy-router that made enabling HTTP/2 support easy. However, it is not enabled by default on that version.
Mitigation: This issue can be mitigated by not enabling support for HTTP/2 protocol. Upstream suggests that HTTP/2 can be enabled per front-end server by using the following documentation: https://www.haproxy.com/documentation/hapee/1-8r1/traffic-management/enable-http2-protocol/.

You can check if http2 is enabled by searching your haproxy configuration files for a line containing 'h2'.

To mitigate this vulnerability in OpenShift Container Platform 3.11, keep HTTP/2 disabled as it is by default. You can verify if HTTP/2 support is enabled or not by following the instructions in following article: https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/haproxy

On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, haproxy is confined by SELinux, which should mitigate remote arbitrary code execution.
CVE-2020-16295 (Moderate severity, published 2020-08-12)
CVSS score: 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-476
Description: A null pointer dereference vulnerability in clj_media_size() in devices/gdevclj.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. This is fixed in v9.51.
Mitigation: Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.
CVE-2020-10711 (Important severity, published 2020-05-12)
CVSS score: 5.9 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-476
Description: A NULL pointer dereference flaw was found in the Linux kernel's SELinux subsystem. This flaw occurs while importing the Commercial IP Security Option (CIPSO) protocol's category bitmap into the SELinux extensible bitmap via the' ebitmap_netlbl_import' routine. While processing the CIPSO restricted bitmap tag in the 'cipso_v4_parsetag_rbm' routine, it sets the security attribute to indicate that the category bitmap is present, even if it has not been allocated. This issue leads to a NULL pointer dereference issue while importing the same category bitmap into SELinux. This flaw allows a remote network user to crash the system kernel, resulting in a denial of service.
Statement: This issue affects the versions of the kernel packages as shipped with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 starting with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.7 GA version kernel-2.6.32-573 . Prior Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 kernel versions are not affected.
Mitigation: Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options don't meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.

This issue can only be resolved by applying updates.
CVE-2020-6444 (Low severity, published 2020-04-06)
CVSS score: 4.3 (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)
Description: Uninitialized use in WebRTC in Google Chrome prior to 81.0.4044.92 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2020-36789 (Moderate severity, published 2025-04-16)
CVSS score: 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-476
Description: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

can: dev: can_get_echo_skb(): prevent call to kfree_skb() in hard IRQ context

If a driver calls can_get_echo_skb() during a hardware IRQ (which is often, but
not always, the case), the 'WARN_ON(in_irq)' in
net/core/skbuff.c#skb_release_head_state() might be triggered, under network
congestion circumstances, together with the potential risk of a NULL pointer
dereference.

The root cause of this issue is the call to kfree_skb() instead of
dev_kfree_skb_irq() in net/core/dev.c#enqueue_to_backlog().

This patch prevents the skb to be freed within the call to netif_rx() by
incrementing its reference count with skb_get(). The skb is finally freed by
one of the in-irq-context safe functions: dev_consume_skb_any() or
dev_kfree_skb_any(). The "any" version is used because some drivers might call
can_get_echo_skb() in a normal context.

The reason for this issue to occur is that initially, in the core network
stack, loopback skb were not supposed to be received in hardware IRQ context.
The CAN stack is an exeption.

This bug was previously reported back in 2017 in [1] but the proposed patch
never got accepted.

While [1] directly modifies net/core/dev.c, we try to propose here a
smoother modification local to CAN network stack (the assumption
behind is that only CAN devices are affected by this issue).

[1] http://lore.kernel.org/r/57a3ffb6-3309-3ad5-5a34-e93c3fe3614d@cetitec.com
CVE-2020-18771 (Low severity, published 2019-03-24)
CVSS score: 8.1 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-119
Description: Exiv2 0.27.99.0 has a global buffer over-read in Exiv2::Internal::Nikon1MakerNote::print0x0088 in nikonmn_int.cpp which can result in an information leak.
CVE-2020-16016 (Important severity, published 2020-11-08)
CVSS score: 8.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Description: Inappropriate implementation in base in Google Chrome prior to 86.0.4240.193 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2020-9861 (Moderate severity, published 2020-11-01)
CVSS score: 7.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-121
Description: A stack overflow issue existed in Swift for Linux. The issue was addressed with improved input validation for dealing with deeply nested malicious JSON input.
CVE-2020-3996 (Moderate severity, published 2020-10-20)
CVSS score: 5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)
CWE: CWE-200
Description: Velero (prior to 1.4.3 and 1.5.2) in some instances doesn’t properly manage volume identifiers which may result in information leakage to unauthorized users.
CVE-2020-14928 (Low severity, published 2020-07-03)
CVSS score: 5.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)
CWE: CWE-20
Description: evolution-data-server (eds) through 3.36.3 has a STARTTLS buffering issue that affects SMTP and POP3. When a server sends a "begin TLS" response, eds reads additional data and evaluates it in a TLS context, aka "response injection."
CVE-2020-12405 (Important severity, published 2020-06-01)
CVSS score: 5.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-416
Description: The Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory describes this flaw as:

When browsing a malicious page, a race condition in our SharedWorkerService could occur and lead to a potentially exploitable crash.
CVE-2020-25633 (Moderate severity, published 2020-09-03)
CVSS score: 5.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)
CWE: CWE-209
Description: A flaw was found in the RESTEasy client in all versions of RESTEasy up to 4.5.6.Final. This flaw allows client users to obtain the server's potentially sensitive information when the server receives the WebApplicationException from the RESTEasy client call. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to confidentiality.
CVE-2020-7039 (Important severity, published 2020-01-06)
CVSS score: 5.6 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L)
CWE: CWE-122
Description: A heap buffer overflow issue was found in the SLiRP networking implementation of the QEMU emulator. This flaw occurs in the tcp_emu() routine while emulating IRC and other protocols. An attacker could use this flaw to crash the QEMU process on the host, resulting in a denial of service or potential execution of arbitrary code with privileges of the QEMU process.
Statement: This issue affects user-mode or SLiRP networking implementation of the QEMU emulator. Though qemu-kvm package is built with SLiRP networking support, due to its limitations, it is not used by the virtual machine guests by default.

This issue affects versions of the qemu-kvm package as shipped with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, 7, 8 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Virtualization 8. Future qemu-kvm package updates for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, 7, 8 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Virtualization 8 may address this issue.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 is now in Maintenance Support 2 Phase of the support and maintenance life cycle. This issue is currently not planned to be addressed in its future updates. For additional information, refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle: https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/updates/errata/.

Red Hat OpenStack Platform:                                                                                                                 
* This flaw impacts KVM user-mode or SLIRP networking, which is not used in Red Hat OpenStack Platform. Although updating is recommended for affected versions (see below), Red Hat OpenStack Platform environments are not vulnerable.
Mitigation: This issue can only be resolved by applying updates.

Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options don't meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.
CVE-2020-5291 (Moderate severity, published 2020-03-30)
CVSS score: 7.2 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N)
CWE: CWE-648
Description: Bubblewrap (bwrap) before version 0.4.1, if installed in setuid mode and the kernel supports unprivileged user namespaces, then the `bwrap --userns2` option can be used to make the setuid process keep running as root while being traceable. This can in turn be used to gain root permissions. Note that this only affects the combination of bubblewrap in setuid mode (which is typically used when unprivileged user namespaces are not supported) and the support of unprivileged user namespaces. Known to be affected are: * Debian testing/unstable, if unprivileged user namespaces enabled (not default) * Debian buster-backports, if unprivileged user namespaces enabled (not default) * Arch if using `linux-hardened`, if unprivileged user namespaces enabled (not default) * Centos 7 flatpak COPR, if unprivileged user namespaces enabled (not default) This has been fixed in the 0.4.1 release, and all affected users should update.
Statement: Red Hat CloudForms 5.10 uses vulnerable bubblewrap package, however 5.11 is not vulnerable to this flaw. CloudForms may update bubblewrap in future.

Red Hat Ansible Tower is not vulnerable, as it uses 0.3.3 bubblewrap package version, only bubblewrap 0.4.0 package version is affected.

The version of bubblewrap package as shipped with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 is not affected by this issue. Although we have the affected code, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 bubblewrap doesn't use the setuid mechanism for privilege escalation, which is the attack vector for this issue, but capabilities instead. Red Hat Enterprise Linux's bubblewrap may be update in the future to a version
which includes the fix.
CVE-2020-0569 (Moderate severity, published 2020-02-06)
CVSS score: 7.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CWE: CWE-73
Description: Out of bounds write in Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiFi products on Windows 10 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
CVE-2020-0093 (Moderate severity, published 2020-05-03)
CVSS score: 5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)
CWE: CWE-125
Description: In exif_data_save_data_entry of exif-data.c, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10Android ID: A-148705132
CVE-2020-2104 (Low severity, published 2020-01-28)
CVSS score: 4.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)
CWE: CWE-200
Description: Jenkins 2.218 and earlier, LTS 2.204.1 and earlier allowed users with Overall/Read access to view a JVM memory usage chart.
CVE-2020-1728 (Low severity, published 2019-11-26)
CVSS score: 4.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)
CWE: CWE-358
Description: A flaw was found in Keycloak’s Admin Console, where it is missing HTTP security headers in HTTP responses. This issue is not a direct vulnerability and may not lead to a security issue, but increases the chances of allowing attackers to exploit other security flaws. Examples of these possible exploits are servers being prone to clickjacking, channel downgrade attacks, and other similar client-based attack vectors.
CVE-2020-6517 (Important severity, published 2020-07-13)
CVSS score: 8.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Description: Heap buffer overflow in history in Google Chrome prior to 84.0.4147.89 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2020-12690 (Important severity, published 2020-05-06)
CVSS score: 8.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CWE: CWE-863
Description: A flaw was found in Keystone, where it inadvertently provided OAuth1 access tokens to every role assignment the creator had for a project, resulting in giving more permissions and escalated access in role assignments than intended. The greatest impact is on confidentiality.
Statement: Red Hat Quay includes keystone-client, which is not vulnerable to this (server-side) vulnerability.
CVE-2020-6452 (Important severity, published 2020-03-30)
CVSS score: 8.8 (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CWE: CWE-122
Description: Heap buffer overflow in media in Google Chrome prior to 80.0.3987.162 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2020-17538 (Moderate severity, published 2020-08-12)
CVSS score: 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-787
Description: A buffer overflow vulnerability in GetNumSameData() in contrib/lips4/gdevlips.c of Artifex Software GhostScript from v9.18 to v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. This is fixed in v9.51.
Mitigation: Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.
CVE-2020-14314 (Moderate severity, published 2020-06-05)
CVSS score: 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CWE: CWE-125
Description: A memory out-of-bounds read flaw was found in the Linux kernel's ext3/ext4 file system, in the way it accesses a directory with broken indexing. This flaw allows a local user to crash the system if the directory exists. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.
Mitigation: If any directories of the partition (or image) broken, the command "e2fsck -Df .../partition-name" fixes it.