varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
Better understanding of the anatomical variability of the human cochlear is important for the design and function of Cochlear Implants . Proper non rigid alignment of high resolution cochlear CT data is a challenge for the typical cubic B spline registration model . In this paper we study one way of incorporating skeleton based similarity as an anatomical registration prior . We extract a centerline skeleton of the cochlear spiral and generate corresponding parametric pseudo landmarks between samples . These correspondences are included in the cost function of a typical cubic B spline registration model to provide a more global guidance of the alignment . The resulting registrations are evaluated using different metrics for accuracy and model behavior and compared to the results of a registration without the prior . 


Summary: We create simple parametric centerline descriptions for human CT cochlears. We regularize intensity based image registration with centerline correspondences. We show that a skeleton can act as an useful global anatomical registration prior.
The Point of Care version of the interoperability standard ISO IEEE11073 provided a mechanism to control remotely agents through documents X73 10201 and X73 20301 . The newer version of X73 oriented to Personal Health Devices has no mechanisms to do such a thing . The authors are working toward a common proposal with the PHD Working Group in order to adapt the remote control capabilities from X73PoC to X73PHD . However this theoretical adaptation has to be implemented and tested to evaluate whether or not its inclusion entails an acceptable overhead and extra cost . Such proof of concept assessment is the main objective of this paper . For the sake of simplicity a weighing scale with a configurable operation was chosen as use case . First in a previous stage of the research the model was defined . Second the implementation methodology both in terms of hardware and software was defined and executed . Third an evaluation methodology to test the remote control features was defined . Then a thorough comparison between a weighing scale with and without remote control was performed . The results obtained indicate that when implementing remote control in a weighing scale the relative weight of such feature represents an overhead of as much as 53 whereas the number of Implementation Conformance Statements to be satisfied by the manufacturer represent as much as 34 regarding the implementation without remote control . The new feature facilitates remote control of PHDs but at the same time increases overhead and costs and therefore manufacturers need to weigh this trade off . As a conclusion this proof of concept helps in fostering the evolution of the remote control proposal to extend X73PHD and promotes its inclusion as part of the standard as well as it illustrates the methodological steps for its extrapolation to other specializations . 


Summary: The authors are working on a remote command and control extension package for the X73PHD stack. The extension package allows the manager to remotely modify agent s settings. A proof of concept implementation of this extension package applied to a X73 10415 compliant agent is presented. The proof of concept shows the implications in terms of footprint and development time.
Introduction Understanding the basic concepts of physiology and biophysics of cardiac cells can be improved by virtual experiments that illustrate the complex excitation contraction coupling process in cardiac cells . The aim of this study is to propose a rat cardiac myocyte simulator with which calcium dynamics in excitation contraction coupling of an isolated cell can be observed . This model has been used in the course Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Biological Systems . In this paper we present the didactic utility of the simulator MioLab . Methods The simulator enables virtual experiments that can help studying inhibitors and activators in the sarcoplasmic reticulum sodium calcium exchanger thus corroborating a better understanding of the effects of medications which are used to treat arrhythmias on these compartments . The graphical interfaces were developed not only to facilitate the use of the simulator but also to promote a constructive learning on the subject since there are animations and videos for each stage of the simulation . The effectiveness of the simulator was tested by a group of graduate students . Results Some examples of simulations were presented in order to describe the overall structure of the simulator . Part of these virtual experiments became an activity for Biomedical Engineering graduate students who evaluated the simulator based on its didactic quality . As a result students answered a questionnaire on the usability and functionality of the simulator as a teaching tool . All students performed the proposed activities and classified the simulator as an optimal or good learning tool . In their written questions students indicated as negative characteristics some problems with visualizing graphs as positive characteristics they indicated the simulator s didactic function especially tutorials and videos on the topic of this study . Conclusions The results show that the simulator complements the study of the physiology and biophysics of the cardiac cell . 


Summary: Highlight the didactic resources of a simulator MioLab . Tool that complements the study of the physiology and biophysics of the cardiac cell. Learning activities simulating experiments in silico. Inhibition of ATPase Ca2 of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum studies in silico.
Background and objective Several abnormal brain regions are known to be linked to depression including amygdala orbitofrontal cortex anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex etc . The aim of this study is to apply EEG data analysis to investigate with respect to mild depression whether there exists dysregulation in these brain regions . Methods EEG sources were assessed from 9 healthy and 9 mildly depressed subjects who were classified according to the Beck Depression Inventory criteria . t Test was used to calculate the eye movement data and standardized low resolution tomography was used to correlate EEG activity . Results A comparison of eye movement data between the healthy and mild depressed subjects exhibited that mildly depressed subjects spent more time viewing negative emotional faces . Comparison of the EEG from the two groups indicated higher theta activity in BA6 and higher alpha activity in BA38 . Conclusions EEG source location results suggested that temporal pole activity to be dysregulated and eye movement data analysis exhibited mild depressed subjects paid much more attention to negative face expressions which is also in accordance with the results of EEG source location . 


Summary: An experiment measure eye movement and EEG simultaneously. Apply EEG source location to detect abnormal regions of mild depression. Different data to analyses difference between mild depressed subjects and health people.
This research focuses on scheduling patients in emergency department laboratories according to the priority of patients treatments determined by the triage factor . The objective is to minimize the total waiting time of patients in the emergency department laboratories with emphasis on patients with severe conditions . The problem is formulated as a flexible open shop scheduling problem and a mixed integer linear programming model is proposed . A genetic algorithm is developed for solving the problem . Then the response surface methodology is applied for tuning the GA parameters . The algorithm is tested on a set of real data from an emergency department . Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the efficiency of the emergency department by reducing the total waiting time of prioritized patients . 


Summary: A semi online patient scheduling problem in the pathology laboratory is studied. The problem is formulated as a semi online hybrid shop scheduling problem. A genetic algorithm is developed for solving the problem. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach. The approach reduces waiting time of patients and improves operations efficiency.
The design of a novel non contact multimedia controller is proposed in this study . Nowadays multimedia controllers are generally used by patients and nursing assistants in the hospital . Conventional multimedia controllers usually involve in manual operation or other physical movements . However it is more difficult for the disabled patients to operate the conventional multimedia controller by themselves they might totally depend on others . Different from other multimedia controllers the proposed system provides a novel concept of controlling multimedia via visual stimuli without manual operation . The disabled patients can easily operate the proposed multimedia system by focusing on the control icons of a visual stimulus device where a commercial tablet is used as the visual stimulus device . Moreover a wearable and wireless electroencephalogram acquisition device is also designed and implemented to easily monitor the user s EEG signals in daily life . Finally the proposed system has been validated . The experimental result shows that the proposed system can effectively measure and extract the EEG feature related to visual stimuli and its information transfer rate is also good . Therefore the proposed non contact multimedia controller exactly provides a good prototype of novel multimedia controlling scheme . 


Summary: A noncontact multimedia controller is proposed to operate via visual stimuli. A wearable EEG acquisition device is developed to monitor EEG in daily life. The proposed system can effectively reduce long term care burden.
By leveraging crowdsourcing Web credibility evaluation systems have become a promising tool to assess the credibility of Web content e.g . Web pages . However existing systems adopt a passive way to collect users credibility ratings which incurs two crucial challenges a considerable fraction of Web content have few or even no ratings so the coverage of the system is low malicious users may submit fake ratings to damage the reliability of the system . In order to realize a highly effective and robust WCES we propose to integrate recommendation functionality into the system . On the one hand by fusing Matrix Factorization and Latent Dirichlet Allocation a personalized Web content recommendation model is proposed to attract users to rate more Web pages i.e . the coverage is increased . On the other hand by analyzing a user s reaction to the recommended Web content we detect imitating attackers which have recently been recognized as a particular threat to WCES to make the system more robust . Moreover an adaptive reputation system is designed to motivate users to more actively interact with the integrated recommendation functionality . We conduct experiments using both real datasets and synthetic data to demonstrate how our proposed recommendation components significantly improve the effectiveness and robustness of existing WCES . 


Summary: We study methods to improve efficiency of crowdsourcing Web credibility evaluation systems WCESs . Recommendation algorithm RA increases coverage in WCES. Joint application of RA and reputation system helps fight down imitation attacks.
A common problem in modern genetic research is that of comparing the mean vectors of two populations typically in settings in which the data dimension is larger than the sample size where Hotelling s test can not be applied . Recently a test using random subspaces was proposed in which the data are randomly projected into several lower dimensional subspaces and Hotelling s test is well defined . Superior performance with competing tests was demonstrated when the variables were correlated . Following the research of random subspaces a modified test was proposed that might make more efficient use of covariance structure at high dimension . Hierarchical clustering is performed first such that highly correlated variables are clustered together . Next Hotelling s statistics are computed for every cluster subspace and summed as the new test statistic . High performance was demonstrated via simulations and real data analysis . 


Summary: A two sample test using hierarchical clustering was proposed. Hotelling s statistics are computed in cluster subspaces and summed as the statistic. Highly correlated variables take priority for being processed. A cutoff distance is used to restrain the effect of statistical fluctuations. High performance was demonstrated in simulations and real data analysis.
Categorization is often needed for clinical decision making when dealing with diagnostic biomarkers and a binary outcome . Four common methods used to dichotomize a continuous biomarker are compared the minimum value the Youden index the concordance probability and the point closest to corner in the ROC plane . These methods are compared from a theoretical point of view under Normal or Gamma biomarker distributions showing whether or not they lead to the identification of the same true cut point . The performance of the corresponding non parametric estimators is then compared by simulation . Two motivating examples are presented . In all simulation scenarios the point closest to corner in the ROC plane and concordance probability approaches outperformed the other methods . Both these methods showed good performance in the estimation of the optimal cut point of a biomarker . However when methods do not lead to the same optimal cut point scientists should focus on which one is truly what they want to estimate and use it in practice . In addition to improve communicability the Youden index or the concordance probability associated to the estimated cut point could be reported to summarize the associated classification accuracy . The use of the minimum value approach for cut point finding is strongly not recommended because its objective function is computed under the null hypothesis of absence of association between the true disease status and . This is in contrast with the presence of some discrimination potential of that leads to the dichotomization issue . 


Summary: Categorization is needed when dealing with biomarkers and a binary outcome. We compare by simulation four widely used methods for cut point finding. Cut point estimation is better done with the point closest to 0 1 corner method. Scientists should also focus on the meaning of different cut point finding methods. Application examples are discussed through the paper.
This paper presents an improved wave based bilateral teleoperation scheme for rehabilitation therapies assisted by robot manipulators . The main feature of this bilateral teleoperator is that both robot manipulators master and slave are controlled by impedance . Thus a pair of motion based adaptive impedance controllers are integrated into a wave based configuration in order to guarantee a stable human robot interaction and to compensate the position drift characteristic of the available schemes of bilateral teleoperation . Moreover the teleoperator stability in the presence of time delays in the communication channel is guaranteed because the wave variable approach is included to encode the force and velocity signals . It should be noted that the proposed structure enables the implementation of several teleoperator schemes from passive therapies without the intervention of a human operator on the master side to fully active therapies where both manipulators interact with humans in a stable manner . The suitable performance of the proposed teleoperator is verified through some results obtained from the simulation of the passive and active constrained modes by considering typical tasks in motor therapy rehabilitation where an improved behavior is observed when compared to implementations of the classical wave based approach . 


Summary: An improved wave based bilateral teleoperator for robotic rehabilitation therapies is proposed. Master and slave manipulators controlled by impedance provide versatility to telerehabiltation systems. A stable human robot interaction with suitable force and path tracking is achieved.
Over the past two decades the use of telemedicine as a way to provide medical services has grown as communication technologies advance and patients seek more convenient ways to receive care . Because developments within this field are still rapidly evolving identifying trends within telemedicine literature is an important task to help delineate future directions of telemedicine research . In this study we analyzed 7960 telemedicine related publication records found in the Science Citations Index Expanded database between 1993 and 2012 . Bibliometric analyses revealed that while the total growth in telemedicine literature has been significant in the last twenty years the publication activity per country and over time has been variable . While the United States led the world in the cumulative number of telemedicine publications Norway ranked highest when we ordered countries by publications per capita . We also saw that the growth in the number of publications per year has been inconsistent over the past two decades . Our results identified that neuroscience neurology and nursing as two fields of research in telemedicine that have seen considerable growth in interest in this field and are poised to be the focus of research activity in the near future . 


Summary: The annual number of telemedicine publications in SCI database has grown from 10 in 1993 to 996 in 2012. Neuroscience neurology and nursing are two fields with speedily growth and might be the focus in the near future. Patients seek more convenient ways to receive care by utilizing communication technologies.
Constructivist philosophy and Hasok Chang s active scientific realism are used to argue that the idea of truth in cluster analysis depends on the context and the clustering aims . Different characteristics of clusterings are required in different situations . Researchers should be explicit about on what requirements and what idea of true clusters their research is based because clustering becomes scientific not through uniqueness but through transparent and open communication . The idea of natural kinds is a human construct but it highlights the human experience that the reality outside the observer s control seems to make certain distinctions between categories inevitable . Various desirable characteristics of clusterings and various approaches to define a context dependent truth are listed and I discuss what impact these ideas can have on the comparison of clustering methods and the choice of a clustering methods and related decisions in practice . 


Summary: A constructivist view of reality and science is sketched. Context and aim dependent characteristics of clusterings are listed. Formal approaches to define true clusters are presented. Researchers need to communicate their cluster concept transparently. Comparisons should show how different methods are good for different aims.
A vital extension to partial least squares path modeling is introduced consistency . While maintaining all the strengths of PLS the consistent version provides two key improvements . Path coefficients parameters of simultaneous equations construct correlations and indicator loadings are estimated consistently . The global goodness of fit of the structural model can also now be assessed which makes PLS suitable for confirmatory research . A Monte Carlo simulation illustrates the new approach and compares it with covariance based structural equation modeling . 


Summary: Consistent PLS estimates path coefficients and indicator loadings consistently. Consistent PLS can estimate parameters of nonrecursive structural equation models. A family of goodness of fit measures makes PLS suitable for confirmatory research. Consistent PLS performs comparably to covariance based structural equation modeling.
Background and objectives Dose finding trials using model based methods have the ability to handle the increasingly complex landscape being seen in clinical trials . Issues such as patient heterogeneity in trial populations are important to address in the designing of a trial in addition to the inclusion exclusion criteria . Designs accommodating patient heterogeneity have been described using the continual reassessment method and time to event CRM yet the implementation of these trials in practice have been limited . These methods and other model based methods generally need statisticians to help design and conduct these trials . However the statistical programs which facilitate the use of these methods currently available focus on estimation in the one sample case . Methods A SAS program to accommodate two groups using the TITE CRM and likelihood estimation has been developed . The program consists of macros that assist with the planning and implementation of a trial accounting for patient heterogeneity . Results Description of the program is given as well as examples using the programs . For planning purposes an example will be provided showing how the program can be used to guide sample size estimates for the trial . Conclusions This program provides researchers with a valuable tool for designing dose finding studies to account for the presence of patient heterogeneity and conduct a trial using a hypothetical example . 


Summary: We present a program which accommodates patient heterogeneity in dose finding. The program is applicable to designing and implementing a trial. Examples using the program are given sample size consideration and implementation. Valuable tool for statisticians wanting to address patient heterogeneity.
Defect assisted electron transfer processes in metal oxide materials play a key role in a diverse range of effects of relevance to microelectronic applications . However extracting the key parameters governing such processes experimentally is a challenging problem . Here we present a first principles based investigation into electron transfer between oxygen vacancy defects in the high k dielectric material HfO2 . By calculating electron transfer parameters for defects separated by up to 15 we show that there is a crossover from coherent to incoherent electron transfer at about 5 . These results can provide invaluable input into numerical simulations of electron transfer which can be used to model and understand important effects such as trap assisted tunneling in advanced logic and memory devices . 


Summary: First principles calculations of vacancy mediated electron transfer in HfO2. Defect separation dependence of electron transfer rates determined. No significant crystallographic orientation dependence for electron transfer. Electrons found to be delocalized between defects closer than 5 . Key parameters governing electron transfer similar to that in MgO.