varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
The analysis of the stability and numerical simulation of Costas loop circuits for high frequency signals is a challenging task . The problem lies in the fact that it is necessary to simultaneously observe very fast time scale of the input signals and slow time scale of phase difference between the input signals . To overcome this difficult situation it is possible following the approach presented in the classical works of Gardner and Viterbi to construct a mathematical model of Costas loop in which only slow time change of signal s phases and frequencies is considered . Such a construction in turn requires the computation of phase detector characteristic depending on the waveforms of the considered signals . While for the stability analysis of the loop near the locked state it is usually sufficient to consider the linear approximation of phase detector characteristic near zero phase error the global analysis can not be accomplished using simple linear models . The present paper is devoted to the rigorous construction of nonlinear dynamical model of classical Costas loop which allows one to apply numerical simulation and analytical methods for the effective analysis of stability in the large . Here a general approach to the analytical computation of phase detector characteristic of classical Costas loop for periodic non sinusoidal signal waveforms is suggested . The classical ideas of the loop analysis in the signal s phase space are developed and rigorously justified . Effective analytical and numerical approaches for the nonlinear analysis of the mathematical model of classical Costas loop in the signal s phase space are discussed . 


Summary: Analytical computation of PD characteristic of Costas loop is done. The classical ideas of Gardner and Viterbi are developed and rigorously justified. Nonlinear analysis of Costas loop in the signal s phase space is demonstrated.
Using a ray tracing technique we investigate the dependence of the moir effect on the crossing angles between touch screen panels and display panels the metal grid structures and metal grid shapes . Of those design parameters adjusting the crossing angle reducing the grid width and employing a random grid in the shape of irregular hexagon are found to suppress the moir phenomenon to a great extent . We also provide the simulation scheme that can capture the moir patterns observed experimentally and useful design guidelines for metal grids . 


Summary: We examine the effect of metal meshes on the moir phenomenon of touch panels. The ray tracing simulation reproduces the moir fringes observed experimentally. The moir phenomenon is quantified using the contrast ratio and standard deviation. A random metal grid is shown to suppress the moir phenomenon substantially. However it exhibits even higher standard deviation due to point defects.
Complex networks facilitate the understanding of natural and man made processes and are classified based on the concepts they model biological technological social or semantic . The relevant subgraphs in these networks called network motifs are demonstrated to show core aspects of network functionality and can be used to analyze complex networks based on their topological fingerprint . We propose a novel approach of classifying social networks based on their topological aspects using motifs . As such we define the classifiers for regular random small world and scale free topologies and then apply this classification on empirical networks . We then show how our study brings a new perspective on differentiating between online social networks like Facebook Twitter and Google Plus based on the distribution of network motifs over the fundamental topology classes . Characteristic patterns of motifs are obtained for each of the analyzed online networks and are used to better explain the functional properties behind how people interact online and to define classifiers capable of mapping any online network to a set of topological communicational properties . 


Summary: Large scale computational generation and motif distribution analysis for the synthetic topology classes. We obtain a distinct motif pattern for each such class. Comprehensive motif analysis of online social networks Facebook Twitter Google Plus from which we obtain three quantifiable characteristic motif fingerprints. Mapping and similarity assessment of empirical networks onto topology classes and defining a general methodology for such an approach. Correlation and discussion of the individual motifs that occur in each fingerprint and an outlining of the functional properties behind the three online social platforms.
Multimodulus algorithms based adaptive blind equalizers mitigate inter symbol interference in a digital communication system by minimizing dispersion in the quadrature components of the equalized sequence in a decoupled manner i.e . the in phase and quadrature components of the equalized sequence are used to minimize dispersion in the respective components of the received signal . These unsupervised equalizers are mostly incorporated in bandwidth efficient digital receivers which rely on quadrature amplitude modulation based signaling . These equalizers are equipped with nonlinear error functions in their update expressions which makes it a challenging task to evaluate analytically their steady state performance . However exploiting variance relation theorem researchers have recently been able to report approximate expressions for steady state excess mean square error of such equalizers for noiseless but interfering environment . In this work in contrast to existing results we present exact steady state tracking analysis of two multimodulus equalizers in a non stationary environment . Specifically we evaluate expressions for steady state EMSE of two equalizers namely the MMA2 2 and the MMA . The accuracy of the derived analytical results is validated using different set experiments and found in close agreement . 


Summary: We provide performance analysis of two multimodulus blind equalizers. The analysis evaluates EMSE performance in both stationary and non stationary environments. The analysis can provide the optimal equalizer length for the given channel and step size. We validate our analytical findings for both fixed and time varying channels.
When reading from an electronic screen many individuals report symptoms such as tired eyes or eye strain . To minimize these symptoms a 3 acuity reserve has been suggested i.e . the minimum print size should be at least 3 times larger than the size of the letters at the reader s acuity limit . This study evaluated whether the 3 rule is appropriate or if an alternative relationship between visual acuity and letter size would be preferable . The experiment was performed on 25 visually normal subjects who viewed a series of random words on a computer monitor . The threshold distance at which the text could be resolved was determined . Both reading speed and accuracy were measured during a 10min task performed at T and at 0.5T 0.33T and 0.25T . In a second study the procedure was repeated at 0.5T and 0.33T for 1h . Immediately following the 1h trial subjects completed a questionnaire concerning symptoms experienced during the task . The mean T for the 10min trial was 131.4cm . While the mean reading speeds for the 0.5T 0.33T and 0.25T conditions were significantly different from the 1T condition they were not significantly different from each other . For the 1h trial reading speed at 1T was significantly different from both the 0.5T and 0.33T conditions but no significant difference was observed between the 0.5T and 0.33T trials . A significant increase in the total post task symptoms was found after reading at the threshold distance compared with 0.5T and 0.25T but no significant difference in symptom score was found between the 0.5T and 0.25T conditions . Accordingly based on a change in viewing distance in young visually normal subjects a 2 rule may be appropriate i.e . for sustained comfortable reading the text size should be at least twice the individual s visual acuity . However higher values may be necessary for older subjects or individuals with visual abnormalities . 


Summary: Computer Vision Syndrome describes eye and vision problems associated with computer use. Up to 40 of individuals report tired eyes at least half the time during computer use. For optimum comfort the text size should be at least twice the visual acuity. Higher values of acuity reserve may be necessary for older subjects.
Dysprosium doped strontium calcium magnesium di silicate phosphor namely SrCaMgSi2O7 Dy3 was prepared by the solid state reaction method . The crystal structure of the prepared phosphor was an akermanite type structure which belongs to the tetragonal crystallography with space group P 42 m. From field emission scanning electron microscopy agglomerations of particles were observed due to the high temperature synthesis process . The chemical composition of the sintered SrCaMgSi2O7 Dy3 phosphor was confirmed by energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy . Under the ultra violet excitation the characteristic emission of Dy3 ions peaking at 478 580 and 674nm originating from the transitions of 4F9 2 6H15 2 4F9 2 6H13 2 and 4F9 2 6H11 2 in the 4f9 configuration of Dy3 . Commission International de I Eclairage color coordinates of SrCaMgSi2O7 Dy3 are suitable as white light emitting phosphor . Decay graph indicate that this phosphor contains fast decay and slow decay process . The mechanoluminescence intensity of SrCaMgSi2O7 Dy3 phosphor increases linearly with increasing impact velocity of the moving piston which suggests that this phosphor can be used as sensors to detect the stress of an object . Thus the present investigation indicates that the piezo electrically induced de trapping model is responsible to produce ML in SrCaMgSi2O7 Dy3 phosphor . The possible mechanism of white light emitting long lasting phosphor is also investigated . 


Summary: The phase structure of the SrCaMgSi2O7 Dy3 phosphor is consistent with standard tetragonal crystallography. CIE color coordinates of SrCaMgSi2O7 Dy3 are suitable as white light emitting phosphor. Decay graph indicate that this phosphor also contains fast decay and slow decay process. ML intensity increases linearly with increasing impact velocity of moving piston.
We present a simple and efficient way to improve the performance of the twisted nematic liquid crystal system by doping a small amount of n alcohols . The LCs modified by n hexanol demonstrates the optimum electro optical properties of lower driving voltage and shorter response time . Our measurements indicate that the liquid dopant n alcohols can be used to modify LCs for lowering zenithal anchoring energy relative to undoped LCs . Without the drawbacks of precipitation and aggregation that the nanoparticles could have the method of doping n alcohol liquids provides a more stable and reliable choice to apply in the various LC display systems . 


Summary: We present a simple and efficient way to improve the performance of the twisted nematic liquid crystal LC system. The LCs modified by liquid dopant exhibit the functions of lower driving voltage and shorter response time. We replace the solid dopant by the liquid dopant for avoiding the drawbacks of precipitation and aggregation. The result of time evolved transmittance shows the voltage can be held after the doping of n hexanol liquid.
This paper proposes a geometric algorithm for computation of geodesic on surfaces . The geodesics on surfaces are traced in a simple way which is independent of the complex description of the geodesic equations . Through derivation process the calculation error of this algorithm is obtained . A step size adjustment strategy which enables the step size adapt to the geometry of surface is introduced . The proposed method is also compared to some other well known methods in this study . Many geodesics computed using these approaches on various B spline surfaces or their equivalent tessellated surfaces have been presented . Experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient . Meanwhile the results show that the step size adjustment strategy works well for most of the cases . 


Summary: An efficient geometric algorithm aims to trace geodesic on parametric surfaces. Independent of the complex description of the geodesic equations. Simpler and faster than the existing geometric method. Step size of the algorithm adapts to the geometry of parametric surface.
3D has been one of the most important technologies of the last decade having an exponential progression . Nevertheless several problems such as visual discomfort and visual fatigue have slowed its progression for homes . This factor decreases significantly the overall quality of experience from watching 3D content and reduces the level of satisfaction of a user . This study explores the accumulation of visual fatigue when watching 3D video in close to real life conditions . In order to obtain more information about visual discomfort an hour of eye tracking experiments have been conducted . Investigations have been made by analyzing information provided both by users through questionnaires and visual gaze characteristics recording . Obtained results are compared to data produced when watching 2D . The deep statistical analysis showed that time and video content have an influence on video fatigue accumulation and visual functions . With respect to the obtained results a model has been proposed based on video characteristics and the previous state of visual fatigue . 


Summary: This paper s studies factors causing visual discomfort for 3D watching. The study based on eye tracking explored eye movements in addition to blinking. Visual fatigue accumulation depends strongly on time and content on S3D content. Features as motion activity and disparity impact visual fatigue accumulation. A model for fatigue prediction based on features and fatigue state is proposed.
In this paper we present an intuitive tool suitable for 2D artists using touch enabled pen tablets. An artist oriented tool should be easy to use real time versatile and locally refinable. Our approach uses an interactive system for 3D character posing from 2D strokes. We employ a closed form solution for the 2D strokes to 3D skeleton registration problem. We first construct an intermediate 2D stroke representation by extracting local features using meaningful heuristics. Then we match 2D stroke segments to 3D bones. Finally 3D bones are carefully realigned with the matched 2D stroke segments while enforcing important constraints such as bone rigidity and depth. Our technique is real time and has a linear time complexity. It is versatile as it works with any type of 2D stroke and 3D skeleton input. Finally thanks to its coarse to fine design it allows users to perform local refinements and thus keep full control over the final results. We demonstrate that our system is suitable for 2D artists using touch enabled pen tablets by posing 3D characters with heterogeneous topologies bipeds quadrupeds hands in real time. 


Summary: Fast artist oriented 2D stroke driven incremental refinement of 3D poses. Novel linear time stroke chain matching and feature extraction techniques. Modular joint rotation computation preserving joint depth and bone rigidity. Intuitive integration stroke driven 3D pose design with Inverse Kinematics. Usability study with 22 subjects resulting in high SUS score.
Motivated by applications in freeform architecture we study surfaces which are composed of smoothly joined bilinear patches . These surfaces turn out to be discrete versions of negatively curved affine minimal surfaces and share many properties with their classical smooth counterparts . We present computational design approaches and study special cases which should be interesting for the architectural application . 


Summary: Modeling smooth surfaces from bilinear patches motivated by applications in architecture. Novel link between discrete differential geometry discrete affine minimal surfaces and CAGD smooth patchworks from Bezier surfaces of degree . A geometric approach to discrete affine minimal surfaces based on smooth patchworks. New results on discrete affine minimal surfaces especially those with parallel affine normals improper affine spheres .
This study examines motives for virtually endorsing others on social media focusing on the Facebook like function . Motives are studied in terms of uses and gratifications Theory of Reasoned Action and personality and technology factors . Data from an online survey of 213 respondents were examined using factor and hierarchical regression analyses . Findings showed enjoyment and interpersonal relationship as most salient motives . Two types of user profiles emerged . Those with higher self esteem more diligence more emotional stability and less subjective norm clicked like to express enjoyment . Those with lower self esteem less diligence less emotional stability and higher subjective norm clicked like for pleasing others . 


Summary: Enjoyment and interpersonal relationship as most salient motives. Those with higher self esteem more diligence more emotional stability and less subjective norm clicked like to express enjoyment. Those with lower self esteem less diligence less emotional stability and higher subjective norm clicked like for pleasing others. Enjoyment interpersonal relationship and perceived ease of like positively predicted the attitude toward like. Subjective norm and the passing time motive positively predicted clicking like. The pleasing others motivation negatively predicted like behavior.
There is a large demand for more fashionable style Chinese characters in advertising art designing and publishing markets . However it becomes challenging to create a new font style for so many Chinese characters . To solve this problem a comprehensive Chinese fonts generating scheme is proposed in this paper . Firstly a decomposition database for stroke splitting and feature extraction is proposed . Secondly stroke segmentation rules are defined based on splitting merging and structural model location definition and minimum feature extraction . Thirdly a radical searching algorithm based on stroke splitting is presented . Finally it is realized that the generated characters can be zoomed rotated and moved . Experimental result shows that Chinese characters with a new style can be generated rapidly with the proposed scheme . The created characters fit the real ones well with a high fidelity of 96.4 . The usability tests are run and participants subjective report show that the performance from the generated characters is similar to the original characters in both recognizability test and style consistency test . The fonts generating method is also reliable for the other stroke constructed block characters such as Japanese and Korean characters . 


Summary: We present a decomposition database to generate new style Chinese characters. Stroke segmentation rules are discussed. A stroke feature searching algorithm is proposed. The evaluation and experiments show a high fidelity of 96.4 . Recombination database can be applied for other stroke constructed characters.
In a question driven survey the answers to one question may decide which question is presented next . In this case encrypting the answers of the participants is not enough to protect their privacy since the system is able to learn them by inspection of the next question the participants request . In this article we explore the technologies involved in surveys performed through a mobile phone . Participants receive the questions using VoIP technologies and since their answers affect which questions are presented next they must protect the selection of the relevant questions . In addition this paper considers the performance of the proposed encryption technologies in mobile phones . Finally the answers to the poll must be sent to the server . This paper proposes an eVoting framework to preserve the privacy of the users while sending the answers to the system . Such a scenery involves many different communication channels and technologies . As we will show the decisions taken in some of the modules force some technologies and decisions in the others . 


Summary: We propose an eVoting framework to preserve the privacy of the voters. The voters will receive questions depending on their answers to previous questions. The platform is built upon a cloud computing system VoIP technologies and a new eVoting platform.
Numerous component models have been proposed in the literature a testimony of a subject domain rich with technical and scientific challenges and considerable potential . Unfortunately however the reported level of adoption has been comparatively low . Where successes were had they were largely facilitated by the manifest endorsement where not the mandate by relevant stakeholders either internal to the industrial adopter or with authority over the application domain . The work presented in this paper stems from a comprehensive initiative taken by the European Space Agency and its industrial suppliers . This initiative also enjoyed significant synergy with interests shown for similar goals by the telecommunications and railways domain thanks to the interaction between two parallel project frameworks . The ESA effort aimed at favouring the adoption of a software reference architecture across its software supply chain . The center of that strategy revolves around a component model and the software development process that builds on it . This paper presents the rationale the design and implementation choices made in their conception as well as the feedback obtained from a number of industrial case studies that assessed them . 


Summary: We propose a component based approach for embedded real time software systems. The approach meets requirements from the space railway and telecom domains. The approach enforces separation of concerns throughout the development process. The approach supports model based analysis and code generation. The approach was assessed in four case studies in two parallel research projects.
We provide a simple efficient technique for computing bases for quadric surfaces from their rational quadratic parametrizations . Our major innovation is to simplify the computations by using complex parameters even though all the surfaces we treat have only real coefficients in both their implicit and parametric representations . In addition to the theory we provide several examples to illustrate our method . 


Summary: A simple efficient technique for computing bases for quadric surfaces from their rational quadratic parametrizations. We use complex parameters even though all the surfaces we treat have only real coefficients.