varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
Adoption of SSL TLS to protect the privacy of web users has become increasingly common . In fact as of September 2015 more than 68 of top 1M websites deploy SSL TLS to encrypt their traffic . The transition from HTTP to HTTPS has brought a new challenge for network operators who need to understand the hostnames of encrypted web traffic for various reasons . To meet the challenge this work develops a novel framework called SFMap which estimates names of HTTPS servers by analyzing precedent DNS queries responses in a statistical way . The SFMap framework introduces domain name graph which can characterize highly dynamic and diverse nature of DNS mechanisms . Such complexity arises from the recent deployment and implementation of DNS ecosystems i.e . canonical name tricks used by CDNs the dynamic and diverse nature of DNS TTL settings and incomplete and unpredictable measurements due to the existence of various DNS caching instances . First we demonstrate that SFMap establishes good estimation accuracies and outperforms a state of the art approach . We also aim to identify the optimized setting of the SFMap framework . Next based on the preliminary analysis we introduce techniques to make the SFMap framework scalable to large scale traffic data . We validate the effectiveness of the approach using large scale Internet traffic . 


Summary: We present the domain name graph DNG which is a formal expression that can keep track of CNAME chains and characterize the dynamic and diverse nature of DNS mechanisms and deployments. We develop a framework called Service Flow map SFMap that works on top of the DNG. SFMap estimates the hostname of an HTTPS server when given a pair of client and server IP addresses. It can statistically estimate the hostname even when associating DNS queries are unobserved due to caching mechanisms etc. Through extensive analysis using real packet traces we demonstrate that the SFMap framework establishes good estimation accuracies and can out perform the state of the art technique called DN Hunter. We also identify the optimized setting of the SFMap framework. The experiment results suggest that the success of the SFMap lies in the fact that it can complement incomplete DNS information by leveraging the graph structure. To cope with large scale measurement data we introduce techniques to make the SFMap framework scalable. We validate the effectiveness of the approach using large scale traffic data collected at a gateway point of Internet access links.
Human motion denoising is an indispensable step of data preprocessing for many motion data based applications . In this paper we propose a data driven based human motion denoising method that sparsely selects the most correlated subset of motion bases for clean motion reconstruction . Meanwhile it takes the statistic property of two common noises i.e . Gaussian noise and outliers into account in deriving the objective functions . In particular our method firstly divides each human pose into five partitions termed as poselets to gain a much fine grained pose representation . Then these poselets are reorganized into multiple overlapped poselet groups using a lagged window moving across the entire motion sequence to preserve the embedded spatial temporal motion patterns . Afterward five compacted and representative motion dictionaries are constructed in parallel by means of fast K SVD in the training phase they are used to remove the noise and outliers from noisy motion sequences in the testing phase by solving 1 minimization problems . Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms its competitors . More importantly compared with other data driven based method our method does not need to specifically choose the training data it can be more easily applied to real world applications . 


Summary: A fine grained pose representation model is proposed to boost the performance. We present a data driven based motion denoising method by solving 1 minimization problems. The proposed model selects the most correlated motion bases for motion reconstruction. Our method does not need to choose the training data and can be implemented in parallel mode.
It has been common and popular to watch videos in moving vehicles . An important issue in developing comfortable in vehicle video watching systems is to understand how passengers get motion sickness . With this in mind the goals of this paper are to introduce an experimental protocol and a statistical analysis procedure for quantitatively evaluating how motion sickness is developed during car driving and to demonstrate their practical usefulness with a working experimental study . In the experimental protocol motion sickness was induced to subjects by requiring them to watch an in vehicle video during 15 min driving and the time course development of motion sickness was recorded by asking subjects to evaluate their degree of motion sickness every one minute . A main difficulty in analyzing data from these studies is how to incorporate the individual difference in motion sickness susceptibility . Since susceptibilities are markedly different among subjects within subject design experiments are preferred . However it is practically difficult to conduct complete set of trials because subjects who are not willing to continue experiment should be able to withdraw from the subsequent series of trials in accordance with ethical requirement . To cope with this incomplete data issue we introduce a statistical data analysis procedure that enables to estimate and impute missing entries in the within subject design table . Using a working example we demonstrated that the protocol and the procedure are useful for quantitative assessment of the time course motion sickness development . We conducted an in vehicle motion sickness study with 31 subjects where the time course motion sickness developments of video watching book reading and normal riding conditions were compared . The results indicate that video watching brings on 2.7 times more severe motion sickness than normal riding but 25 less severe than book reading . 


Summary: We evaluated how severely in vehicle video watching brings motion sickness. Video watching aggravated motion sickness 2.7 times as much as ordinary car riding. Video watching aggravated motion sickness 25 less severely than book reading. A statistical protocol was introduced to analyze incomplete within subject data. The new model can handle missing entries and capture the time course development.
This paper presents an unsupervised method that allows for gradual interpolation between language varieties in statistical parametric speech synthesis using Hidden Semi Markov Models . We apply dynamic time warping using Kullback Leibler divergence on two sequences of HSMM states to find adequate interpolation partners . The method operates on state sequences with explicit durations and also on expanded state sequences where each state corresponds to one feature frame . In an intelligibility and dialect rating subjective evaluation of synthesized test sentences we show that our method can generate intermediate varieties for three Austrian dialects . We also provide an extensive phonetic analysis of the interpolated samples . The analysis includes input switch rules which cover historically different phonological developments of the dialects versus the standard language and phonological processes which are phonetically motivated gradual and common to all varieties . We present an extended method which linearly interpolates phonological processes but uses a step function for input switch rules . Our evaluation shows that the integration of this kind of phonological knowledge improves dialect authenticity judgment of the synthesized speech as performed by dialect speakers . Since gradual transitions between varieties are an existing phenomenon we can use our methods to adapt speech output systems accordingly . 


Summary: We present a method for interpolation between language varieties for speech synthesis. The method is unsupervised based on dynamic time warping. Phone sets and formant analysis for four Austrian language varieties are presented. Subjective evaluation shows that listeners can perceive the intermediate variants. Inclusion of switching rules increases the dialect authenticity of the synthesis.
In many virtual environments such as those of video games the scene background moves to give the illusion of movement . In the present study two experiments were designed to investigate the combined impact of lateral background motion and task difficulty on players performance in a target shooting task . Participants had to perform the task on either the moving or the stationary version of a patterned background that was either green or black and white . The difficulty of the task was manipulated by varying the number of visual features shared between the target and distractor items . In accordance with the literature the participants performance was worse and the number and duration of participants fixations increased when the task was difficult . Background motion had an additive negative impact on performance . When the background was black and white background motion had an impact only when the task was easy but not when it was difficult . Design recommendations based on manipulations of the background characteristics are proposed to establish the level of difficulty in simple video games that use lateral background motion . 


Summary: Lateral background motion decreases player performance in shooting tasks. The performance impairment tends to decrease when task difficulty increases. The data may be applied to control challenge in simple shooting video games.
The characteristics of MoO3 F8BT ZnO inorganic organic hybrid light emitting diodes fabricated on ZnO Ag ZnO dielectric metal dielectric and conventional ZnO ITO were investigated . The DMD had a low sheet resistance of 9 sq and a high transmittance of 90.7 . The device fabricated on DMD showed similar current density voltage and luminance current density characteristics to that on ZnO ITO indicating the possibility of DMD as a promising transparent conductive layer for IO HyLEDs . The maximum luminous intensity of 237 000cd m2 was demonstrated under pulsed condition for the DMD device . We also investigated the effect of the combination interlayer at the F8BT ZnO interface on the IO HyLEDs . The CIL was composed of a Mg0.52Zn0.48O Mg0.25Zn0.75O bilayer and a self assembled dipole molecule of BA CH3 . The devices with CIL exhibited an approximately threefold enhancement of the luminous intensity and efficiency in comparison with the devices without CIL . This improvement was considered to be brought about by the enhancement of the electron injection efficiency by CIL . 


Summary: MoO3 F8BT ZnO hybrid LEDs were fabricated on ZnO Ag ZnO DMD film. MoO3 F8BT ZnO hybrid LED on DMD showed luminous peak intensity of 237 000cd m2. We report an effect of SADM MgZnO interlayer on emission properties of hybrid LED. Emission efficiency of hybrid LEDs was markedly improved by SADM MgZnO interlayer.
We present an automatic approach for the reconstruction of parametric 3D building models from indoor point clouds. While recently developed methods in this domain focus on mere local surface reconstructions which enable e.g. efficient visualization our approach aims for a volumetric parametric building model that additionally incorporates contextual information such as global wall connectivity. In contrast to pure surface reconstructions our representation thereby allows more comprehensive use first it enables efficient high level editing operations in terms of e.g. wall removal or room reshaping which always result in a topologically consistent representation. Second it enables easy taking of measurements like e.g. determining wall thickness or room areas. These properties render our reconstruction method especially beneficial to architects or engineers for planning renovation or retrofitting. Following the idea of previous approaches the reconstruction task is cast as a labeling problem which is solved by an energy minimization. This global optimization approach allows for the reconstruction of wall elements shared between rooms while simultaneously maintaining plausible connectivity between all wall elements. An automatic prior segmentation of the point clouds into rooms and outside area filters large scale outliers and yields priors for the definition of labeling costs for the energy minimization. The reconstructed model is further enriched by detected doors and windows. We demonstrate the applicability and reconstruction power of our new approach on a variety of complex real world datasets requiring little or no parameter adjustment. 


Summary: Reconstruction of high level parametric building models from indoor scans. Goes beyond mere surface reconstruction of previous reconstruction methods. Plausible configuration of walls determined by means of global optimization. Enables intuitive editing on level of building elements e.g. moving whole walls.
This paper describes the application of a structure preserving matrix method to the deconvolution of two Bernstein basis polynomials . Specifically the deconvolution yields a polynomial provided the exact polynomial is a divisor of the exact polynomial and all computations are performed symbolically . In practical situations however inexact forms h and f of respectively and are specified in which case is a rational function and not a polynomial . The simplest method to calculate the coefficients of g is the least squares minimisation of an over determined system of linear equations in which the coefficient matrix is T plitz but the solution is a polynomial approximation of a rational function . It is shown in this paper that an improved result for g is obtained when the T plitz structure of the coefficient matrix is preserved that is a structure preserving matrix method is used . In particular this method guarantees that a polynomial solution to the deconvolution is obtained and thus an essential property of the theoretically exact solution is retained in the computed solution . Computational examples that show the improvement in the solution obtained from the structure preserving matrix method with respect to the least squares solution are presented . 


Summary: A structured matrix method is used to deconvolve two Bernstein basis polynomials. The solution is obtained by solving a constrained optimisation problem. The solution in the paper is better than the solutions from other methods. The computational results are analysed theoretically.
Phosphorescent white organic light emitting diodes based on single doped platinum benzene chloride emission layers were investigated in this paper . The devices exhibited electroluminescence spectra composed of bluish and reddish emission bands which corresponding to monomer and excimer emission originated from Pt 4 dopants . With optimized device structures a maximum current efficiency of 11.5cd A was obtained and remained above 10cd A even the brightness was over 6000cd m2 . Furthermore by integrating the fac tris iridium as a complementary emitter and an additional 2 2 2 tris space layer the device efficiency was further improved which exhibited a maximum current efficiency of 20.4cd A at the luminance of 100cd m2 and maintained the mild efficiency roll off that similar to its single Pt 4 doped counterpart . 


Summary: White light emission achieved using the monomer and excimer emission from single Pt 4 dopant. Extremely low efficiency roll off even at luminance exceeding 6000cd m2. Device efficiency has been improved by at least two times with further doping of Ir ppy 3. By utilization of TPBi as space layer the device performance was further improved.
The phase behaviors of a blue phase liquid crystal in a planar aligned cell were investigated by means of temperature dependent dielectric spectroscopy . With auxiliary observations of optical transmission spectra and birefringent textures we found that the transition temperatures of two adjacent mesophases including the cholesteric to BPI the BPI to BPII and the BPII to isotropic can clearly be distinguished by the first and second derivatives of the real part dielectric permittivity function to the temperature at a specific frequency . Furthermore an attempt to evaluate the device performance of a polymer stabilized BP derived from the photopolymerization of two monomers was achieved with a new circuital design for the voltage holding ratio measurement . Preliminary results of the VHRs of samples at 180Hz and their temperature dependence were obtained accordingly . 


Summary: Phase behaviors of BP are studied by temperature dependent dielectric spectroscopy. Phase transition temperatures are identified with derivatives of the permittivity. A circuit design with 30 V data line voltage is proposed to evaluate VHR of a PSBP. The VHR of a PSBP cell is primarily determined by the nematic host used.
Recombination zone and F rster resonance energy transfer in multilayer organic light emitting diodes were investigated . Basis device architecture is indium tin oxide N N diphenyl N N bis 1 1 biphenyl 4 4 diamine 4 2 tert butyl 6 4H pyran NPB tris aluminum 2 9 dimethyl 4 7 diphenyl 1 10 phenanthroline Al . Exciton recombination zone is located at DCJTB and Alq3 layers . When the NPB spacer is 10 nm thick Alq3 emission governs in electroluminescent spectra owing to absence of FRET between DCJTB and Alq3 . FRET occurs while the NPB spacer is 5 nm thick and thus DCJTB emission is dominant in EL spectra . As the emissive layout of DCJTB Alq3 NPB substitutes for DCJTB NPB Alq3 both DCJTB and NPB emissions are observed due to electron blocking effect of NPB . 


Summary: Study of emissive layer layout dependent recombination zone and energy transfer. Basis emissive layer layout is DCJTB acceptor A NPB spacer Alq3 donor D . Efficiency of energy transfer from D to A is dependent on the thickness of spacer. Recombination zone is located at DCJTB and Alq3 in DCJTB NPB Alq3 layout. Recombination zone of DCJTB Alq3 NPB layout extends to NPB.
The depth of valley incision and valley volume are important parameters in understanding the geologic history of early Mars because they are related to the amount sediments eroded and the quantity of water needed to create the valley networks . With readily available digital elevation model data the Black Top Hat transformation an image processing technique for extracting dark features on a variable background has been applied to DEM data to extract valley depth and estimate valley volume . Previous studies typically use a single window size for extracting the valley features and a single threshold value for removing noise resulting in finer features such as tributaries not being extracted and underestimation of valley volume . Inspired by similar algorithms used in LiDAR data analysis to remove above ground features to obtain bare earth topography here we propose a progressive BTH transformation algorithm where the window size is progressively increased to extract valleys of different orders . In addition a slope factor is introduced so that the noise threshold can be automatically adjusted for windows with different sizes . Independently derived VN lines were used to select mask polygons that spatially overlap the VN lines . Volume is calculated as the sum of valley depth within the selected mask multiplied by cell area . Application of the PBTH to a simulated landform achieved an overall relative accuracy of 96 in comparison with only 78 for BTH . Application of PBTH to Ma adim Vallies on Mars not only produced total volume estimates consistent with previous studies but also revealed the detailed spatial distribution of valley depth . The highly automated PBTH algorithm shows great promise for estimating the volume of VN on Mars on global scale which is important for understanding its early hydrologic cycle . 


Summary: We developed an innovative algorithm for estimating valley volume based DEM data. Test on a simulated landform showed 96 relative accuracy in volume estimate. Application to Ma adim Vallis Mars resulted in better volume estimates. Algorithm is highly automated amendable to estimate global valley volume on Mars.
A series of the Zn32 Eu3 without or with alkali metal ions doping at a low sintering temperature were synthesized by the solid state reaction method . The XRD pattern shows that all samples exhibit Zn32 crystalline phase . The samples co doped with alkali metal ions have better crystallinity compared with the un compensated ones . The different charge compensation approaches have no influence on the shape and position of the emission and excitation spectra . However the luminescent intensity of samples has been obviously enhanced with different alkali metal ions co doping . The introduction of Li can increase the red emission of Eu3 compared with the others . Thus the volume compensation and the equilibrium of mole number can be taken into consideration by charge compensated approaches . 


Summary: Novel Zn3 BO3 2 Eu3 phosphor has been synthesized by solid state reaction method. The co doped effects of alkali metal ions on the luminescence properties for Zn3 BO3 2 Eu3 phosphors are discussed. The volume compensation and the equilibrium of mole number can be taken into consideration by charge compensation CC approaches.
This study explores a new way to integrate advanced display technology into educational activities for children with different disabilities . A free interactive mobile augmented reality application was developed to facilitate the learning of geometry . Twenty one elementary school children participated in an experiment . The results show that the AR system could help the school children to finish puzzle game activities independent of teacher s assistance . With the use of AR display technology the participants demonstrated improved ability to complete puzzle game tasks when compared to the use of traditional paper based methods . Performance data indicated that the use of AR technology could enhance learning motivation and frustration tolerance in children with special needs . 


Summary: Mobile devices with a free application were used to design teaching materials. Augmented reality techniques transform display methods to help children perform tasks independently. The experimental data shows that participants could complete tasks using AR support.
New chiral compounds of the steroid type namely 3 alkanoyl and 3 alkyl derivatives of 16 arylidene estrone were synthesized and exhibited high helical twisting power in nematic liquid crystals E63 and LC 1289 . The peculiarities of the molecular structure of chiral compounds and their high degree of chirality were discussed . Quite small concentrations of chiral compounds in both nematic solvents were needed to obtain a short pitch cholesteric helical macrostructure with the selective light reflection in the visible range of the spectrum . The insignificant temperature dependence of the maximum wavelength of the selective light reflection obtained on the whole cholesteric range for all studied liquid crystalline systems could be related to relatively rigid molecular structure of the chiral compounds . The cholesteric LC mixtures comprising 3 alkanoyl and 3 alkyl derivatives of 16 arylidene estrone were characterized by the phase stability and the stability of reflective characteristics in time that makes it possible to consider this series of dopants as appropriate for development of bistable cholesteric reflective LC displays . 


Summary: Dopants are derivatives of industrially available steroid and their synthesis is simple. Dopants own high twisting power and weak temperature shift of reflective wavelength. Low concentrations of dopant in nematic are needed to obtain red green and blue colors. Good solubility of dopants in nematics provides the stability of reflected colors in time.