varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
Objective In medical information retrieval research semantic resources have been mostly used by expanding the original query terms or estimating the concept importance weight . However implicit term dependency information contained in semantic concept terms has been overlooked or at least underused in most previous studies . In this study we incorporate a semantic concept based term dependence feature into a formal retrieval model to improve its ranking performance . Design Standardized medical concept terms used by medical professionals were assumed to have implicit dependency within the same concept . We hypothesized that by elaborately revising the ranking algorithms to favor documents that preserve those implicit dependencies the ranking performance could be improved . The implicit dependence features are harvested from the original query using MetaMap . These semantic concept based dependence features were incorporated into a semantic concept enriched dependence model . We designed four different variants of the model with each variant having distinct characteristics in the feature formulation method . Measurements We performed leave one out cross validations on both a clinical document corpus and a medical literature corpus which are representative test collections in medical information retrieval research . Results Our semantic concept enriched dependence model consistently outperformed other state of the art retrieval methods . Analysis shows that the performance gain has occurred independently of the concept s explicit importance in the query . Conclusion By capturing implicit knowledge with regard to the query term relationships and incorporating them into a ranking model we could build a more robust and effective retrieval model independent of the concept importance . 


Summary: We incorporated semantic concept enriched dependence into the medical IR algorithm. The semantic concept enriched dependence model showed robust performance. Performance gain was achieved independently from other previous approaches.
An ever increasing amount of medical data such as electronic health records is being collected stored shared and managed in large online health information systems and electronic medical record systems . From such rich collections data is often published in the form of census and statistical data sets for the purpose of knowledge sharing and enabling medical research . This brings with it an increasing need for protecting individual people privacy and it becomes an issue of great importance especially when information about patients is exposed to the public . While the concept of data privacy has been comprehensively studied for relational data models and algorithms addressing the distinct differences and complex structure of XML data are yet to be explored . Currently the common compromise method is to convert private XML data into relational data for publication . This ad hoc approach results in significant loss of useful semantic information previously carried in the private XML data . Health data often has very complex structure which is best expressed in XML . In fact XML is the standard format for exchanging and publishing health information . Lack of means to deal directly with data in XML format is inevitably a serious drawback . In this paper we propose a novel privacy protection model for XML and an algorithm for implementing this model . We provide general rules both for transforming a private XML schema into a published XML schema and for mapping private XML data to the new privacy protected published XML data . In addition we propose a new privacy property dependency which can be applied to both relational and XML data and that takes into consideration the hierarchical nature of sensitive data . Lastly we provide an implementation of our model algorithm and privacy property and perform an experimental analysis to demonstrate the proposed privacy scheme in practical application . 


Summary: Semantic relationships in XML make the data vulnerable to privacy attacks. We propose a privacy approach for XML that considers semantic relationships. We compare our model and algorithm against other common privacy approaches. Diversification and dissection techniques can be used to protect privacy in XML.
Objectives New DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the search for genetic disruptions . Targeted sequencing of all protein coding regions of the genome called exome analysis is actively used in research oriented genetics clinics with the transition to exomes as a standard procedure underway . This transition is challenging identification of potentially causal mutation amongst 106 variants requires specialized computation in combination with expert assessment . This study analyzes the usability of user interfaces for clinical exome analysis software . There are two study objectives To ascertain the key features of successful user interfaces for clinical exome analysis software based on the perspective of expert clinical geneticists To assess user system interactions in order to reveal strengths and weaknesses of existing software inform future design and accelerate the clinical uptake of exome analysis . Methods Surveys interviews and cognitive task analysis were performed for the assessment of two next generation exome sequence analysis software packages . The subjects included ten clinical geneticists who interacted with the software packages using the think aloud method . Subjects interactions with the software were recorded in their clinical office within an urban research and teaching hospital . All major user interface events were time stamped and annotated with coding categories to identify usability issues in order to characterize desired features and deficiencies in the user experience . Results We detected 193 usability issues the majority of which concern interface layout and navigation and the resolution of reports . Our study highlights gaps in specific software features typical within exome analysis . The clinicians perform best when the flow of the system is structured into well defined yet customizable layers for incorporation within the clinical workflow . The results highlight opportunities to dramatically accelerate clinician analysis and interpretation of patient genomic data . Conclusion We present the first application of usability methods to evaluate software interfaces in the context of exome analysis . Our results highlight how the study of user responses can lead to identification of usability issues and challenges and reveal software reengineering opportunities for improving clinical next generation sequencing analysis . While the evaluation focused on two distinctive software tools the results are general and should inform active and future software development for genome analysis software . As large scale genome analysis becomes increasingly common in healthcare it is critical that efficient and effective software interfaces are provided to accelerate clinical adoption of the technology . Implications for improved design of such applications are discussed . 


Summary: First application of usability methods to evaluate exome analysis software. Key list of user desiderata on exome software from clinical geneticists is compiled. Identified usability challenges and design features for reengineering opportunities.
This paper proposes the all IP WSNs for real time patient monitoring . In this paper the all IP WSN architecture based on gateway trees is proposed and the hierarchical address structure is presented . Based on this architecture the all IP WSN can perform routing without route discovery . Moreover a mobile node is always identified by a home address and it does not need to be configured with a care of address during the mobility process so the communication disruption caused by the address change is avoided . Through the proposed scheme a physician can monitor the vital signs of a patient at any time and at any places and according to the IPv6 address he can also obtain the location information of the patient in order to perform effective and timely treatment . Finally the proposed scheme is evaluated based on the simulation and the simulation data indicate that the proposed scheme might effectively reduce the communication delay and control cost and lower the packet loss rate . 


Summary: The all IP WSN architecture based on gateway trees is proposed. The proposed routing algorithm is achieved in the link layer without route discovery. A mobile node does not need to be configured with a care of address. A physician can monitor the vital signs of a patient at any time and at any places.
One of the main reasons that leads to a low adoption rate of telemedicine systems is poor usability . An aspect that influences usability during the reporting of findings is the input mode e.g . if a free text or a structured report interface is employed . The objective of our study is to compare the usability of FT and ST telemedicine systems specifically in terms of user satisfaction efficiency and general usability . We comparatively evaluate the usability of these two input modes in a telecardiology system for issuing electrocardiography reports in the context of a statewide telemedicine system in Brazil with more than 350.000 performed tele electrocardiography examinations . We adopted a multiple method research strategy applying three different kinds of usability evaluations user satisfaction was evaluated through interviews with seven medical professionals using the System Usability Scale questionnaire and specific questions related to adequacy and user experience . Efficiency was evaluated by estimating execution time using the Keystroke Level Model . General usability was assessed based on the conformity of the systems to a set of e health specific usability heuristics . The results of this comparison provide a first indication that a structured report input mode for such a system is more satisfactory and efficient with a larger conformity to usability heuristics than free text input . User satisfaction using the SUS questionnaire has been scored in average with 58.8 and 77.5 points for the FT and SR system respectively which means that the SR system was rated 18.65 points higher than the FT system . In terms of efficiency the completion of a findings report using the SR mode is estimated to take 8.5s 3.74 times faster than using the FT system . The SR system also demonstrated less violations to usability heuristics in comparison to 14 points observed in the FT system . These results provide a first indication that the usage of structured reporting as an input mode in telecardiology systems may enhance usability . This also seems to confirm the advantages of the usage of structured reporting as already described in the literature for other areas such as teleradiology . 


Summary: Poor usability leads to a low adoption rate of telemedicine systems. Mode of input free text or structured report influences usability. Usability and user satisfaction are higher for structured report interfaces in telecardiology.
To date the utilitarian benefits of online consumption have only been partially investigated . This study undertakes an exhaustive approach to fully delimit the dimensional structure related to the utilitarian motivations for online consumption . First an in depth literature review is carried out in order to allow the proposal of an aprioristic base structure of eleven categories of utilitarian motivations . Next qualitative analyses are applied to assess and eventually refine the structure of utilitarian motivations proposed after the literature review their labels and respective measurement scales . Finally this qualitative phase concludes with ten motivational categories and 46 items . Then quantitative analyses are applied based on a questionnaire administered to a sample of 667 Internet users to keep refining and to eventually validate both the dimensional structure of motivations and the related measurement scales . Finally a structure of 9 utilitarian motivations is established with the following labels assortment economy convenience availability of information adaptability customization desire for control payment services anonymity and absence of social interaction . The nomological validity of this structure is satisfactorily tested using a second order factor model . The article finishes by discussing some implications for practitioners . 


Summary: We delimit a full structure for the utilitarian motivations in online consumption. Measurement scales are proposed for every utilitarian motivation. Qualitative analyses are applied to purify a full structure of motivations. Confirmatory analyses are applied to validate motivational structure and scales. We conclude a nine dimension utilitarian motivational structure for online consumption.
Researchers have found that price dispersion and market inefficiency exists in electronic marketplaces . Little attention has been bestowed to explore difference in market efficiency between traditional and electronic marketplaces . This study integrates both product and channel preference factors to analyze differences in market efficiency between electronic and traditional shopping environments . Data Envelopment Analysis is applied to calculate market efficiency for single channel and multi channel shoppers . Results show that market efficiencies vary across consumer segments and products . In summary this paper enhances understanding of market efficiency by incorporating behavioral segment and product characteristics into the explanatory framework . 


Summary: Integrating product and channel preference factors to analyze differences of efficiency in electronic and traditional markets. Applying Data Envelopment Analysis DEA to calculate market efficiency for single channel and multi channel shoppers. Price dispersion and market inefficiency exist in electronic marketplaces. Market efficiencies vary across consumer segments and products. Incorporation of behavioral segmentation and product characteristics enhances the understanding of market efficiency.
Objective Structured data on mammographic findings are difficult to obtain without manual review . We developed and evaluated a rule based natural language processing system to extract mammographic findings from free text mammography reports . Materials and Methods The NLP system extracted four mammographic findings mass calcification asymmetry and architectural distortion using a dictionary look up method on 93 705 mammography reports from Group Health . Status annotations and anatomical location annotation were associated to each NLP detected finding through association rules . After excluding negated uncertain and historical findings affirmative mentions of detected findings were summarized . Confidence flags were developed to denote reports with highly confident NLP results and reports with possible NLP errors . A random sample of 100 reports was manually abstracted to evaluate the accuracy of the system . Results The NLP system correctly coded 96 99 out of our sample of 100 reports depending on findings . Measures of sensitivity specificity and negative predictive values exceeded 0.92 for all findings . Positive predictive values were relatively low for some findings due to their low prevalence . Discussion Our NLP system was implemented entirely in SAS Base which makes it portable and easy to implement . It performed reasonably well with multiple applications such as using confidence flags as a filter to improve the efficiency of manual review . Refinements of library and association rules and testing on more diverse samples may further improve its performance . Conclusion Our NLP system successfully extracts clinically useful information from mammography reports . Moreover SAS is a feasible platform for implementing NLP algorithms . 


Summary: We developed and evaluated a rule based natural language processing system. The NLP system extracts mammographic findings from free text mammography reports. Manual review showed that the NLP system performs reasonably well. We developed confidence flags to facilitate further manual review. The NLP system was implemented entirely in SAS Base with SAS code available.
This article aims at assessing the progress of mobile payment research over the last 8years . A previous literature review covering articles published between 1999 and 2006 showed that the majority of research had only focused on a few topics . In order to address this issue a research agenda was formulated to encourage researchers to explore new topics . Almost a decade later our review reveals that researchers have continued to focus on the same topics with a limited accumulation of new knowledge and similar findings . In addition to reviewing the literature we discuss the possible reasons for the lack of research diversity and propose new recommendations to enhance future mobile payment research . 


Summary: This study reviews the mobile payment research literature from around 2006 to 2015. The authors use a multi perspective framework to classify and analyze the literature. Despite the complexity of the issues that have arisen around mobile payments during the past 10years the related research still lacks diversity. There have been far too many adoption studies that cover the same ground with respect to theory and practice and fail to deliver anything more than incremental knowledge if any. A new agenda for research is proposed based on the analysis and results of the authors critical review that is intended to enhance the quality and relevance of future mobile payment research.
In 1982 Betamax the world s first personal recording service was ruled as a fair use in court . Although the copyright holders of TV content claimed that Betamax was an infringement of copyright the court determined that the benefits of personal recording services were significant and that the copyright holder s profits could be protected because the original service was of better quality and had a better cost structure . It also ruled that the loss from manual advertisement skip was minimal . However recent advancements in information technology have allowed new kinds of personal recording services such as a cloud DVR that provides unlimited storage and flawless quality and an Auto hop feature that automatically removes embedded advertisements . This paper introduces a microeconomic model for reviewing the copyright holder s business model and social welfare under the court s decision in relation to newer personal recording services powered by information technologies . Before cloud DVR existed applying fair use to personal recording services increased social welfare while protecting the copyright holder s profits however after the introduction of cloud DVR it may no longer do so . 


Summary: We model personal recording services of TV contents under the fair use doctrine. We examine changes in IT about the copyright holder s profit and the social welfare. Before cloud DVR the copyright holder s profit and the social welfare increased. After cloud DVR the copyright holder s profit and the social welfare decrease. The court is advised to consider the recent IT when applying the fair use doctrine.
For the purpose of post marketing drug safety surveillance which has traditionally relied on the voluntary reporting of individual cases of adverse drug events other sources of information are now being explored including electronic health records which give us access to enormous amounts of longitudinal observations of the treatment of patients and their drug use . Adverse drug events which can be encoded in EHRs with certain diagnosis codes are however heavily underreported . It is therefore important to develop capabilities to process by means of computational methods the more unstructured EHR data in the form of clinical notes where clinicians may describe and reason around suspected ADEs . In this study we report on the creation of an annotated corpus of Swedish health records for the purpose of learning to identify information pertaining to ADEs present in clinical notes . To this end three key tasks are tackled recognizing relevant named entities labeling attributes of the recognized entities and relationships between them . For each of the three tasks leveraging models of distributional semantics i.e . unsupervised methods that exploit co occurrence information to model typically in vector space the meaning of words and in particular combinations of such models is shown to improve the predictive performance . The ability to make use of such unsupervised methods is critical when faced with large amounts of sparse and high dimensional data especially in domains where annotated resources are scarce . 


Summary: A corpus of Swedish clinical notes was annotated for adverse drug event information. Detecting adverse drug events in clinical notes can support pharmacovigilance. Modeling context with distributional semantics yielded better predictive models. Distributed word representations allowed more context information to be incorporated. Inter sentential relations between drugs and disorders findings are hard to detect.
This study uses eye tracking to explore the Elaboration Likelihood Model in online shopping . The results show that the peripheral cue did not have moderating effect on purchase intention but had moderating effect on eye movement . Regarding purchase intention the high elaboration had higher purchase intention than the low elaboration with a positive peripheral cue but there was no difference in purchase intention between the high and low elaboration with a negative peripheral cue . Regarding eye movement with a positive peripheral cue the high elaboration group was observed to have longer fixation duration than the low elaboration group in two areas of interest however with a negative peripheral cue the low elaboration group had longer fixation on the whole page and two AOIs . In addition the relationship between purchase intention and eye movement of the AOIs is more significant in the high elaboration group when given a negative peripheral cue and in the low elaboration group when given a positive peripheral cue . This study not only examines the postulates of the ELM but also contributes to a better understanding of the cognitive processes of the ELM . These findings have practical implications for e sellers to identify characteristics of consumers elaboration in eye movement and designing customization and persuasive context for different elaboration groups in e commerce . 


Summary: Peripheral cue moderates elaboration on eye movements but not purchase intention. Purchase intention is different between high and low elaborations under positive cue but not negative cue. Under positive cue high elaboration is longer fixation duration than low elaboration. Under negative cue low elaboration is longer fixation duration than high elaboration. The relationship between purchase intention and eye movement is more significant in high elaboration with negative cue and in low elaboration with positive cue.