varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
This paper presents an optimized fabrication method for developing a freestanding bridge for RF MEMS switches . In this method the sacrificial layer is patterned and hard baked a 220 C for 3min after filling the gap between the slots of the coplanar waveguide . Measurement results by AFM and SEM demonstrate that this technique significantly improves the planarity of the sacrificial layer reducing the uneven surface to less than 20nm and the homogeneity of the Aluminum thickness across the bridge . Moreover a mixture of O2 Ar and CF4 was used and optimized for dry releasing of the bridge . A large membrane was released without any surface bending . Therefore this method not only simplifies the fabrication process but also improves the surface flatness and edge smoothness of the bridge . This fabrication method is fully compatible with standard silicon IC technology . 


Summary: We significantly improved the planarity of the sacrificial layer. We improve the planarity of the membrane. We analyse the effect of different etchant gases for releasing the bridge. We released a large membrane without any surface bending.
It is a challenging task to improve the visual comfort of a stereoscopic 3D image with satisfactory viewing experience . In this paper we propose a visual comfort improvement scheme by adjusting zero disparity plane for projection . The degree of visual discomfort is predicted by considering three factors spatial frequency disparity response and visual attention . Then the selection of an optimal ZDP is guided by the predicted visual discomfort map . Finally the disparity ranges of the crossed and uncrossed disparities are automatically adjusted according to the ZDP as requirements . Experiment results show that the proposed scheme is effective in improving visual comfort while preserving the unchanged depth sensation . 


Summary: Factors from spatial frequency disparity energy and visual attention are considered. An optimal ZDP from the derived visual discomfort map is established. We adjust the convergence plane first based on the depth value of the ZDP. We reproject the disparity ranges of the crossed and uncrossed disparities.
We present PrivHab a secure geographic routing protocol that learns about the mobility habits of the nodes of the network and uses this information in a secure manner . PrivHab is designed to operate in areas that lack of network using the store carry and forward approach . PrivHab compares nodes and chooses the best choice to carry messages towards a known geographical location . To achieve a high performance and low overhead PrivHab uses information about the usual whereabouts of the nodes to make optimal routing decisions . PrivHab makes use of cryptographic techniques from secure multi party computation to preserve nodes privacy while taking routing decisions . The overhead introduced by PrivHab is evaluated using a proof of concept implementation and its performance is studied under the scope of a realistic application of podcast distribution . PrivHab is compared through simulation with a set of well known delay tolerant routing algorithms in two different scenarios of remote rural areas . 


Summary: PrivHab is a secure geographic routing protocol that learns the habits of the nodes. PrivHab compares nodes and selects the best to carry a message towards a location. PrivHab makes use of cryptographic techniques to preserve nodes privacy. PrivHab performance is studied under the scope of a podcast distribution application.
GIS multicriteria decision analysis techniques are increasingly used in landslide susceptibility mapping for the prediction of future hazards land use planning as well as for hazard preparedness . However the uncertainties associated with MCDA techniques are inevitable and model outcomes are open to multiple types of uncertainty . In this paper we present a systematic approach to uncertainty and sensitivity analysis . We access the uncertainty of landslide susceptibility maps produced with GIS MCDA techniques . A new spatially explicit approach and Dempster Shafer Theory are employed to assess the uncertainties associated with two MCDA techniques namely Analytical Hierarchical Process and Ordered Weighted Averaging implemented in GIS . The methodology is composed of three different phases . First weights are computed to express the relative importance of factors for landslide susceptibility . Next the uncertainty and sensitivity of landslide susceptibility is analyzed as a function of weights using Monte Carlo Simulation and Global Sensitivity Analysis . Finally the results are validated using a landslide inventory database and by applying DST . The comparisons of the obtained landslide susceptibility maps of both MCDA techniques with known landslides show that the AHP outperforms OWA . However the OWA generated landslide susceptibility map shows lower uncertainty than the AHP generated map . The results demonstrate that further improvement in the accuracy of GIS based MCDA can be achieved by employing an integrated uncertainty sensitivity analysis approach in which the uncertainty of landslide susceptibility model is decomposed and attributed to model s criteria weights . 


Summary: Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for GIS Multicriteria Decision Making is underdeveloped in GIScience. Uncertainties associated with GIS Multicriteria for landslide susceptibility mapping are systematically explored. We develop a novel spatially explicit approach and combine it with Dempster Shafer Theory. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of GIS Multicriteria can be improved through this spatially explicit approach.
An increasing number of studies on efficient implementation of vivid and realistic displays are being conducted as liquid crystal displays become widely used in TV applications . For vivid displays the specifications such as wide color gamut and high dynamic range should be implemented in LCDs . However the low transmittance rate of the WCG and the significant costs for the peak luminance capability of the HDR are major obstacles . Hence an RGBW LCD which is capable of increasing the transmission efficiency may be a good platform to overcome these problems . In this paper we estimate the perceived brightness effect of the WCG by using the Helmholtz Kohlrausch effect on RGB and RGBW LCDs . The simulation results showed that the RGBW LCD was more suitable for adopting the WCG than the RGB LCD in terms of the brightness balance of achromatic and chromatic colors and the results were also confirmed by subjective tests . In addition we propose an effective method to implement the HDR display based on the RGBW LCD . The data stretch considering a local adaptation characteristic of a human visual system greatly enhanced the details of the dark regions and the local peak dimming using the white channel analysis and the white channel data itself increased the expressiveness of the peak luminance in irradiative or specular regions to 1500nits . 


Summary: We analyze the better suitability of RGBW LCDs for wide color gamut than RGB LCDs. We propose an effective method to implement the HDR display using RGBW LCDs. Our HDR displays based on RGBW LCDs can reproduce 1500nits peak luminance. Our HDR displays have very high potential for mass production.
The materials science and engineering related to the fabrication of conducting polymer thin films and the progress in the development of devices integrated with organic transparent electrodes based on conducting polymers for display applications are reviewed . Transparent electrodes are essential components for many display modules . With the evolution of display technologies conducting polymers are recently emerging as important alternative materials for the fabrication of transparent electrodes . Conducting polymers offer some advantages such as light weight low cost mechanical flexibility and excellent compatibility with plastic substrates for the development of next generation display technologies and in particular are expected to play an important role in the development of flexible display technologies . 


Summary: Fundamental materials science of conducting polymers. Materials engineering of conducting polymer thin films. Application of organic transparent electrodes based on conducting polymers in display devices.
Internet Protocol Television traffic streaming over vehicular ad hoc networks challenge could be distinguished by the frequent VANETs topology change paired with real time streaming of IPTV traffic which requires high bandwidth and strict performance service quality . For VANETs to deliver better quality IPTV traffic the network must satisfy the compelling Quality of Service requirement of real time traffic streaming such as jitter bandwidth delay and loss . There are numerous metrics defined in the literature for evaluating multimedia streaming traffic QoS such as video quality metric peak signal to noise ratio moving picture quality metric and many more . However these metrics relied upon the objective approach of quality evaluation that requires the original signal as reference and can not isolate the impact of network impairments on the video quality . Therefore fail to provide any mapping between the network QoS parameters and the respective deteriorated quality of the multimedia traffic . Similarly such procedures are not practically applicable to VANETs whose network characteristics make it practically impossible to access the reference video sequence . Hence in this paper we conduct an experiment to determine the feasibility of delivering a qualitative IPTV service over VANETs . We derived analytical model to quantify the IPTV QoS influencing parameters where we establish relationships between the variables of each parameter and their impacts on the IPTV traffic QoS . Through extensive experiment we evaluate the IPTV transmission QoS parameters to assure a priority for handling bandwidth allocation delay and loss control to a negligible level . 


Summary: We experiment via simulation the feasibility of deploying quality IPTV over VANETs. We derived model that quantifies the network parameters as they affect IPTV QoS. We established a connection between each parameter and their impacts on IPTV QoS. Using MDI DF scheme we outline a method for adequate buffer size configuration.
In this study we explored how stereoscopic depth affects performance and user experience in a mobile device with an autostereoscopic touch display . Participants conducted a visual search task with an image gallery application on three layouts with different depth ranges . The task completion times were recorded and the participants were asked to rate their experiences . The results revealed that the image search times were facilitated by a mild depth effect and that too great a depth slowed search times and decreased user experience ratings . 


Summary: We studied subjects interactions with a stereoscopic image gallery application. A 3 inch autostereoscopic touch display was used. We examined the effect of stereoscopic depth on image search time and user experience. The results show that a small depth disparity range of 2.3 3.9arc min allows faster image search times. The results show that a medium depth disparity range of 4.7 7.0arc min makes the image search slower.
This study investigated the effects of ambient illumination conditions and background color on visual performance with TFT LCD screens . Results of Experiment 1 indicated that all the three independent variables had significant effects on mean percentage of character identification . Mean character identification performance was best under white light 500 lux and blue background . In general the backgrounds with primary colors had better mean character identification performance than the middle point colors and gray . Results of Experiment 2 indicated that the illumination intensity and background color had significant effects on mean text comprehension performance for reading comprehension . Mean text comprehension performance were higher under 500 lux and blue background . The backgrounds with primary colors had better mean correct answers than the gray background . According to the results white light normal ambient illumination and a background with primal colors seemed to be the optimal conditions . If the yellow ambient light is necessary using blue as the TFT LCD background color of will provide better performance . The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient indicated that short term visual task measurement might be suitable to evaluate the visual performance . 


Summary: Visual performance was best under white light 500 lux and blue background. The backgrounds with primary colors had better visual performance than the gray background. If the yellow light is necessary using blue as the background color of will provide better performance.
Three dimensional images are perceived as images that float in front of the screens of 3 D displays . Users should be able to interact with these images instantaneously and accurately in applications where their bodies actually seen by them interact with the images . However conventional techniques using just binocular disparity are too slow and inaccurate . Therefore we propose a new technique where the visually perceived positions of images are obtained from the body movements of users . The feasibility of this technique was evaluated in an experiment using the positions obtained from users as they reached out to touch the images . These positions were closer to the visually perceived positions of the images than those calculated from binocular disparity . These findings demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique for 3 D interactive applications . 


Summary: This paper presents a new technique for interactive applications of 3 D displays. The positions of 3 D images were obtained from the body movements of users. Interactions occurred when the users bodies were at the obtained positions. The accuracy and precision of the obtained positions were evaluated. The evaluation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique.
Online Social Networks are the most popular applications in todays Internet and they have changed the way people interact with each other . Understanding the structural properties of OSNs and in particular how users behave when they connect to OSNs is crucial for designing user centered systems . Results about OSNs demonstrated that the relationships that an individual maintains with other people can be organized into a set of circles according to the ego network model . The study of the impact of ego networks structure on the availability patterns of users is seriously limited by the lack of information about users availability patterns . In this work we contribute to fill this gap by analysing availability information of a sample of Facebook users . The data reveal a number of strong temporal dependencies which provide insights into the availability pattern that characterize an ego network . 


Summary: We have defined and implemented a Facebook application to log a Facebook dataset. We have studied and validated the structural properties of the whole dataset and of the Dunbar ego networks. We have analyzed the interactions of the users. The availability of the users in the Dunbar ego networks have been investigated. Our results reveal the presence of the temporal homophily property in the Dunbar ego networks.
Splines can be constructed by convolving the indicator function of a cell whose shifts tessellate . This paper presents simple geometric criteria that imply that for regular shift invariant tessellations only a small subset of such spline families yield nested spaces primarily the well known tensor product and box splines . Among the many non refinable constructions are hex splines and their generalization to the Voronoi cells of non Cartesian root lattices . 


Summary: Multivariate splines can be derived by convolving indicator functions. Refinability nestedness is an important property of spline spaces. Refinable convolution derived splines on shift invariant tessellations are rare. Hex splines and their generalizations are not refinable. This is proven via simple geometric criteria for refinability.
In order to understand the effect of hole injection on the performance of organic light emitting diodes with electron and hole type hosts used in the emissive layer we fabricated OLEDs based on a green fluorescent 10 2 3 6 7 tetrahydro 1 1 7 7 tetramethyl 1H 5H 11H benzopyropyranoquinolizin 11 one with poly poly and MoO3 as the hole injection layer respectively . Here N N di N N diphenyl benzidine and tris aluminum are respectively used as the host in the emissive layer for comparison . It is clearly found that different hole injection layers play different roles in the adjustment of the electron hole injection and the transport balance thus the different hosts are needed in the emissive layer for high electroluminescence efficiency OLEDs . This means that the selection of appropriate hole injection layers for OLEDs according to the different hosts in the emissive layer is especially important in the fabrication of high efficiency single emissive layer OLEDs . 


Summary: We compared the effect of MoO3 and PEDOT PSS as the hole injection layer HIL on the electroluminescence EL performance. We discussed the effect of different host materials. OLEDs with NPB as the host show higher power efficiency when MoO3 was used as the hole injection layer.
During the last years wind power has emerged as one of the most important sources in the power generation share . Due to stringent Grid Code requirements wind power plants should provide ancillary services such as fault ride through and damping of power system oscillations to resemble conventional generation . Through an adequate selection of input output signal pairs WPPs can be effectively used to provide electromechanical oscillations damping . In this paper different analysis techniques considering both controllability and observability measures and input output interactions are compared and critically examined . Recommendations are drawn to select the best signal pairs available from WPPs to contribute to power oscillations damping . Control system design approaches including single input single output and multivariable control are considered . The recommendation of analysis techniques is justified through the tools usage in a test system including a WPP . 


Summary: A comparison of various input output signal selection methods is presented. Wind power plant contribution to power system oscillation damping is studied. Recommendations are drawn to select the best signal pairs available from WPPs. SISO and MIMO control system design approaches are considered.
In this paper qualitative colours are named by defining intervals on reference systems built on the Hue Saturation and Lightness colour space . The new model for Qualitative Colour Description distinguishes rainbow colours pale light dark colours and colours in the grey scale . For comparing the qualitative colours described a similarity measure based on interval distances is introduced . HSL intervals for each colour label have been defined experimentally using data obtained in a user survey . Preliminary experiments have also been conducted in order to check that the proposed approach is consistent with human appreciations of colour similarity and complementarity . 


Summary: Colours are named by intervals on reference systems on the HSL colour space. Rainbow colours pale light dark colours and colours in the grey scale appear. A similarity measure based on interval distances SimQCDInt is defined. The SimQCDInt is used for comparing the qualitative colours QCs defined. The QC system and the SimQCDInt are tested proving their effectiveness.
We have fabricated two kinds of thin film transistors on the glass substrates using polycrystalline silicon thin films with small and large grain sizes processed by Excimer Laser Annealing and carried out a comparative analysis . The grain size was controlled by nickel atom content in amorphous silicon thin films . With increasing grain size of poly Si thin films the carrier mobility increased from 40.8 to 54.4cm2 Vs and the absolute value of threshold voltage reduced from 2.1 to 1.5V . The observed improvements in the electrical characteristics of poly Si TFTs are attributed mainly to the reduction of defect density rendered by large grain size . These observations indicate that the sputtered nickel atom content in a Si layer is a key parameter in determining the characteristics of ELA processed TFTs fabricated on the glass substrates . 


Summary: Poly Si TFTs were fabricated by ELA process using Ni sputtered a Si films. The content of Ni was a key parameter for the performance of poly Si TFTs. Relationship between the characteristics of TFTs and grain was obtained. We present the Ni content needed for the optimized performance of poly Si TFT.
The fractional Fourier transform is one of the most useful tools for the nonstationary signal processing . In this paper the randomized nonuniform sampling and approximate reconstruction of the nonstationary random signals in the fractional Fourier domain are developed . The nonuniform samples are treated as random perturbations from a uniform grid . The samples used for the sinc interpolation reconstruction are placed on another nonuniform grid which is not necessarily equal to the samples originally acquired . When considering the second order random statistic characters the nonuniform sampling is equivalent to the uniform sampling of the signal after a pre filter in the FRFD where the frequency response is related to the characteristic function of the perturbations . The effectiveness of the reconstruction is analyzed and the mean square error is computed by utilizing the equivalent filter system . Furthermore the randomized reconstruction of the chirp period stationary random signal is proposed . At last the minimum MSE on the special cases of the randomized sampling and reconstruction is discussed . The effectiveness of the proposed reconstruction method is verified by the simulation . 


Summary: The randomized nonuniform sampling is equivalent to the uniform sampling after a pre filter. The randomized sinc interpolation reconstruction in the FRFD is proposed. The MSE of the reconstruction is analyzed by the equivalent system in the sense of statistics. The randomized reconstruction of the chirp period stationary signal is represented by a finite summation. Special cases of the randomized sampling and reconstruction are discussed.
The consistently linearized eigenproblem plays an important role in stability analysis of structures . Solution of the CLE requires computation of the tangent stiffness matrix and of its first derivative with respect to a dimensionless load parameter denoted as . In this paper three approaches of computation of are discussed . They are based on an analytical expression for the derivative of the element tangent stiffness matrix a load based finite difference approximation and a displacement based finite difference approximation . The convergence rate the accuracy and the computing time of the LBFDA and the DBFDA are compared using the analytical solution as the benchmark result . The numerical investigation consists of the analysis of a circular arch subjected to a vertical point load at the vertex and of a thrust line arch under a uniformly distributed load . The main conclusion drawn from this work is that the DBFDA is superior to the LBFDA . 


Summary: The consistently linearized eigenproblem CLE is solved. Derivative of the tangent stiffness matrix w.r.t. load factor is derived. The aforementioned derivative is also approximated numerically. The displacement based approximation is effective and efficient.