varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
The lack of abstraction in a growing semantic virtual and abstract world poses new challenges for assessing security and QoS tradeoffs . For example in Future Internet scenarios where Unified Communications will take place being able to predict the final devices that will form the network is not always possible . Without this information the analysis of the security and QoS tradeoff can only be based on partial information to be completed when more information about the environment is available . In this paper we extend the description of context based parametric relationship model providing a tool for assessing the security and QoS tradeoff based on interchangeable contexts . Our approach is able to use the heterogeneous information produced by scenarios where UC is present . 


Summary: We explain the motivation for using CPRM in UC. We extend the definition of CPRM. We define the requirements for a CPRM based compliant tool. We implement the Security and QoS Tradeoff SQT tool. We test our approach with a use case based on WSN.
The static offsets caused by earthquakes are well described by elastostatic models with a discontinuity in the displacement along the fault . A traditional approach to model this discontinuity is to align the numerical mesh with the fault and solve the equations using finite elements . However this distorted mesh can be difficult to generate and update . We present a new numerical method inspired by the Immersed Interface Method for solving the elastostatic equations with embedded discontinuities . This method has been carefully designed so that it can be used on parallel machines on an adapted finite difference grid . We have implemented this method in Gamra a new code for earth modeling . We demonstrate the correctness of the method with analytic tests and we demonstrate its practical performance by solving a realistic earthquake model to extremely high precision . 


Summary: We present Gamra a freely available tool for realistic earthquake modeling. Gamra uses a novel method to model faults without conforming meshes. Gamra scales to the largest problems using parallel adaptive mesh refinement. We document performance with a high precision model of the Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake.
We examined the effects of the visual size and the number of digits on reading numerical time information in young adults . Using an adaptive staircase procedure minimal stimulus presentation duration for 80 correct responses was determined for visual sizes ranging from 0.1 to 15 when reading 1 2 or 3 2 digit units of time information . All three time types revealed U shaped relations between MSPD and visual size with the characteristics of the relation depending on the number of time units . Time type had two different effects . First longer time types gave rise to longer MSPDs as more elements needed to be encoded into working memory . Second longer time types gave rise to smaller ranges of optimal visual character size decreasing from 0.2 2 for the 1 unit time type to 0.3 0.5 for the 3 unit time type . The lower boundary of the optimal range of visual size may be understood as resulting from acuity limitations . The shift in the upper boundary of the optimal range of visual size is suggested to reflect the change in size of the visual span associated with larger visual character sizes . 


Summary: Perceptual thresholds for reading numerical time vary with visual size and length. Larger numbers of time units require exponentially more reading time. Range of optimal visual sizes decreases with the number of time units to be read.
We present a novel unsupervised fall detection system that employs the collected acoustic signals from an elderly person s normal activities to construct a data description model to distinguish falls from non falls . The measured acoustic signals are initially processed with a source separation technique to remove the possible interferences from other background sound sources . Mel frequency cepstral coefficient features are next extracted from the processed signals and used to construct a data description model based on a one class support vector machine method which is finally applied to distinguish fall from non fall sounds . Experiments on a recorded dataset confirm that our proposed fall detection system can achieve better performance especially with high level of interference from other sound sources as compared with existing single microphone based methods . 


Summary: A data description method is applied to detect falls by collected acoustic signals footstep sound signals from normal activities. A spectral subtraction based binaural dereverberation method is applied to reduce the sound reverberation for pre processing. A time frequency TF mask based blind source separation technique is applied to separate the sound signal with the interferences of noises. One class support vector machine method is employed for the data description of the Mel frequency cepstral coefficient features to distinguish fall and non fall sounds.
In this study the effects of ambient illuminance and light source on participants reading performance and visual fatigue during a long reading task were investigated using three electronic paper displays . Reading on electronic paper displays was also compared with reading on paper . In Experiment 1 100 participants performed a reading task where the display area for the text was equated for the displays . The results indicated that participants visual performance and visual fatigue did not differ significantly among different electronic paper displays ambient illuminance conditions or light sources . In Experiment 2 another 60 participants performed the same reading task where the full screen of each electronic paper display was used to present the text . The results showed that reading speed differed significantly across different electronic paper displays and ambient illuminance levels . The reading speed was slower for displays with smaller screens and increased as the ambient illuminance increased . Changes in the critical flicker fusion frequency significantly differed across ambient illuminance levels . Implications of the results for the use of electronic paper displays are discussed . 


Summary: Electronic paper displays with large screen have faster reading speed. Both sun light and fluorescent light are proper for reading on E paper display. Ambient illuminances 1000lx and 1500lx have better visual performance. Ambient illuminances 200lx have more visual fatigue.
To answer the question what is 3D good for we reviewed the body of literature concerning the performance implications of stereoscopic 3D displays versus non stereo displays . We summarized results of over 160 publications describing over 180 experiments spanning 51years of research in various fields including human factors psychology engineering human computer interaction vision science visualization and medicine . Publications were included if they described at least one task with a performance based experimental evaluation of an S3D display versus a non stereo display under comparable viewing conditions . We classified each study according to the experimental task of primary interest judgments of positions and or distances finding identifying or classifying objects spatial manipulations of real or virtual objects navigation spatial understanding memory or recall and learning training or planning . We found that S3D display viewing improved performance over traditional non stereo displays in 60 of the reported experiments . In 15 of the experiments S3D either showed a marginal benefit or the results were mixed or unclear . In 25 of experiments S3D displays offered no benefit over non stereo 2D viewing . From this review stereoscopic 3D displays were found to be most useful for tasks involving the manipulation of objects and for finding identifying classifying objects or imagery . We examine instances where S3D did not support superior task performance . We discuss the implications of our findings with regard to various fields of research concerning stereoscopic displays within the context of the investigated tasks . 


Summary: We reviewed the performance implications of stereoscopic 3D displays versus non stereo 2D. We summarized and classified results of over 160 publications. We found that stereo 3D display viewing improved performance in 60 of experiments. In only 25 of experiments S3D displays clearly offered no benefit over 2D viewing. Stereoscopic 3D displays were most helpful for the spatial manipulation of objects.
We extend our existing hp finite element framework for non conducting magnetic fluids to the treatment of conducting magnetic fluids including magnetostriction effects in both two and three dimensions . In particular we present to the best of our knowledge the first computational treatment of magnetostrictive effects in conducting fluids . We propose a consistent linearisation of the coupled system of non linear equations and solve the resulting discretised equations by means of the Newton Raphson algorithm . Our treatment allows the simulation of complex flow problems with non homogeneous permeability and conductivity and apart from benchmarking against established analytical solutions for problems with homogeneous material parameters we present a series of simulations of multiphase flows in two and three dimensions to show the predicative capability of the approach as well as the importance of including these effects . 


Summary: The first computational treatment of magnetostritive effects in conducting fluids. Consistent linearisation of the coupled non linear equations. Computational solution using Newton Raphson and hp finite elements. Benchmarking against problems with homogeneous material parameters. Simulation of complex flow problems with non homogeneous material parameters.
This paper presents an optimized color characterization model based on Radial Basis Functions . The performance of the proposed model was tested on a number of different mobile devices and compared with the performance of other state of the art color characterization models . We compared the accuracy of models using the CIELAB color difference . Four different models were discussed in detail Piecewise Linear Model Assuming Variation in Chromaticity Polynomial regression Artificial Neural Network and proposed Radial Basis Function model . For training and evaluation of the models we measured a large number of color samples on various mobile device displays . Results have shown that our optimized RBF model has superior accuracy over other models with median color difference of 0.39 . In addition it has particularly good accuracy for colors on the boundary of device s gamut with maximum color difference of 0.87 where other models shown unacceptably high color difference . 


Summary: A novel method for characterization of a mobile device display based on Radial Basis Functions is presented. An overview of other state of the art methods for color characterization is given. Compared methods are tested on a number of various mobile devices. It is found that proposed method for color calibration is flexible and very accurate. Future research perspective for further optimization of the model is given.
Handheld Augmented Reality HAR has the potential to introduce Augmented Reality AR to large audiences due to the widespread use of suitable handheld devices. However many of the current HAR systems are not considered very practical and they do not fully answer to the needs of the users. One of the challenging areas in HAR is the in situ AR content creation where the correct and accurate positioning of virtual objects to the real world is fundamental. Due to the hardware limitations of handheld devices and possible restrictions in the environment the correct 3D positioning of objects can be difficult to achieve we are unable to use AR markers or correctly map the 3D structure of the environment. We present SlidAR a 3D positioning for Simultaneous Localization And Mapping SLAM based HAR systems. SlidAR utilizes 3D ray casting and epipolar geometry for virtual object positioning. It does not require a perfect 3D reconstruction of the environment nor any virtual depth cues. We have conducted a user experiment to evaluate the efficiency of SlidAR method against an existing device centric positioning method that we call HoldAR. Results showed that SlidAR was significantly faster required significantly less device movement and also got significantly better subjective evaluation from the test participants. SlidAR also had higher positioning accuracy although not significantly. 


Summary: The correct in situ 3D positioning of virtual objects with HAR is fundamental. We developed a 3D positioning method for SLAM based handheld AR. We evaluated our method against a conventional device centric method. Our method was significantly better in objective and subjective measurements.
The spectral analysis of Heart Rate Variability can be used for assessing the autonomic nervous activities and further the physiological conditions of subjects . This study intended to explore whether or not people would have fatigue faintness and other kinds of uncomfortable conditions after watching a 3D film by using HRV measures as the objective physiological indices in addition to other subjective physiological indices . Twenty men aged 22 2 experienced watching 3D films and 2D films and were served as the controls of themselves . As the controls the subjects had to rest at the same place . All subjects were are randomized for taking different experiences and the electrocardiographic signals were recorded during the whole process . The researchers could obtain the indices of the autonomic nervous activities before and after experiencing 3D and 2D movies with the help of spectral HRV analyses along with the objective physiological information . The subjects were requested to fill out the questionnaire for the subjective feelings after the movie experiences . It was found that the subjects high frequency power representing parasympathetic nervous activities decreases after watching a 3D film . The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activities before and after watching a 2D film were not significantly different . The subjects complained that they felt dizzy had headaches and got visual fatigue while watching a 3D film . This study found that the subjects parasympathetic nerve activities were reduced after watching a 3D film indicating that watching a 3D film would make people uncomfortable and tired . This result was the same as that of the questionnaire . Thus HRV analyses could be an objective physiological index for discomfort as viewing 3D films . 


Summary: HRV analysis can be used to assess the various fatigue and uncomfortable. The subjects parasympathetic nerve activity was reduced after watching a 3D film. Watching a polarized 3D film would make people uncomfortable and tired.
The impact of aberration on the speckle suppression efficiency is investigated in a laser projector system containing a moving diffractive optical element . The results of a qualitative analysis based on the number of diffraction orders passed through the optical system are presented along with a quantitative analysis built upon the Fresnel approximation and the thin lens model . It is shown that the speckle contrast in the paraxial area of the screen is practically insensitive to aberrations limited to a few percent at most due to the change in angle between diffraction orders . However the speckle contrast in peripheral areas changes stepwise if aberrations change the number of diffraction orders that illuminate the area . 


Summary: Model to evaluate the influence of aberrations on speckle suppression efficiency SS is worked out. SS is practically insensitive to aberrations in paraxial area of screen. SS at periphery changes stepwise when the aberrations change the number of diffraction orders.
The color of a displayed image by a projector can be distorted by features of the device the ambient light the projection screen and also the observer . This has raised the need to correct the image during the display to eliminate these effects and to ensure a constancy of the color appearances . In this paper we propose models for controlling the appearance of the displayed image . We argue that depending on the target application the computational color constancy can be specified at different steps of the formation scheme of the sensed image by a human . Based on that observation and the image formation models we reformulate the problem of the color constancy and we show that the resulting transformations can not be explained by von Kries theory . Two compensation algorithms are deduced . The first allows preserving the appearance of the original image and it can be used for the constancy of the acquired image whatever the environment conditions . The second algorithm allows to simulate appearances of a sensed image in a specific conditions . It can be used for the compensation of the screen reflectance or to create special effects or the camouflage . In addition we propose a complementary operation for the contrast compensation which is derived from the Weber s law . Experimental results show the merits of the proposed models and algorithms . 


Summary: We model the sensed image by human eye. We explore the color constancy to reduce the screen effects on the projected image. We argue that the proposed model goes further than the von Kries theory.
One major issue in CAGD is to model complex objects using free form surfaces of general topology . A natural approach is curvenet based design where designers directly create and modify feature curves . These are interpolated by smoothly connected multi sided patches which can be represented by transfinite surfaces defined as a combination of side interpolants or ribbons . A ribbon embeds Hermite data i.e . prescribed positional and cross derivative functions along boundary curves . The paper focuses on two transfinite schemes the first is an enhanced and extended variant of a multi sided generalization of the classical Coons patch the second one is based on a new concept of combining doubly curved composite ribbons each one interpolating three adjacent sides . Main contributions include various ribbon parameterizations that surpass former methods in quality and computational efficiency . It is proven that these surfaces smoothly interpolate the prescribed ribbon data . Both formulations are based on non regular convex polygonal domains and distance based rational blending functions . A few examples illustrate the results . 


Summary: Two n sided transfinite surface representations are presented. The new schemes interpolate ribbon surfaces with continuity. One of these is a generalization of the Coons patch based on the Boolean sum scheme. The other combines curved side interpolants. Special distance based blending functions and parameterizations are introduced.
In seismology waveform cross correlation has been used for years to produce high precision hypocenter locations and for sensitive detectors . Because correlated seismograms generally are found only at small hypocenter separation distances correlation detectors have historically been reserved for spotlight purposes . However many regions have been found to produce large numbers of correlated seismograms and there is growing interest in building next generation pipelines that employ correlation as a core part of their operation . In an effort to better understand the distribution and behavior of correlated seismic events we have cross correlated a global dataset consisting of over 300 million seismograms . This was done using a conventional distributed cluster and required 42 days . In anticipation of processing much larger datasets we have re architected the system to run as a series of MapReduce jobs on a Hadoop cluster . In doing so we achieved a factor of 19 performance increase on a test dataset . We found that fundamental algorithmic transformations were required to achieve the maximum performance increase . Whereas in the original IO bound implementation we went to great lengths to minimize IO in the Hadoop implementation where IO is cheap we were able to greatly increase the parallelism of our algorithms by performing a tiered series of very fine grained transformations on the data . Each of these MapReduce jobs required reading and writing large amounts of data . But because IO is very fast and because the fine grained computations could be handled extremely quickly by the mappers the net was a large performance gain . 


Summary: A global dataset of over 300 million waveforms has been cross correlated. The algorithms have been adapted to run as MapReduce jobs on a Hadoop cluster. Increased parallelism was required to make best use of mappers. IO was significantly increased but had little impact on performance. A factor of 19 speedup was achieved relative to initial implementation.
In order to provide a rigorous foundation for Software Product Lines several fundamental approaches have been proposed to their formal behavioral modeling . In this paper we provide a structured overview of those formalisms based on labeled transition systems and compare their expressiveness in terms of the set of products they can specify . Moreover we define the notion of tests for each of these formalisms and show that our notions of testing precisely capture product derivation i.e . all valid products will pass the set of test cases of the product line and each invalid product fails at least one test case of the product line . 


Summary: Comparing three fundamental models of Software Product Lines. Proving modal transition systems less expressive than product line labeled transition systems. Proving product line labeled transition systems less expressive than featured transition systems. Using Abramsky s test expressions to characterize product derivation.
Electroswitching of emission and coloration was achieved by a combination of a luminescent Eu complex and an electrochromic molecule of diheptyl viologen indicating that the complex molecule combination could be used as a display material with dual emissive and reflective modes . The coloration of the material was associated with the electrochromism of HV2 . Emission control was found to be possible due to the electrochromism of HV2 via intermolecular energy transfer from the excited state of the Eu ion to the reduced state of HV . By using this mechanism dual emissive and reflective representation of numerical characters were demonstrated . 


Summary: Electroswitching of emission and coloration was achieved by Eu III complex and viologen. Coloration of the material was associated with the electrochromic reaction. Emission control was induced by intermolecular energy transfer from Eu III ion to viologen. Complex molecule system can be used as display material with dual emissive and reflective modes. Numeric indication and mutli color representation of dual mode display were demonstrated.