varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
Social exchange theory proposes that social behavior is the result of an exchange process . The purpose of this exchange is to maximize benefits and minimize costs . Online social networks seem to be an ideal platform for social exchange because they provide an opportunity to keep social relations with a relatively low cost compared to offline relations . This theory was verified positively many times for offline social interactions and we decided to examine whether this theory may be also applied to online social networks . Our research is focused on reciprocity which is crucial for social exchanges because humans keep score assign meaning to exchanges and change their subsequent interactions based on a reciprocity balance . The online social network platform of our choice was Facebook which is one of the most successful online social sites allowing users to interact with their friends and acquaintances . In our study we found strong empirical evidence that an increase in the number of reciprocity messages the actor broadcasts in online social networks increases the reciprocity reactions from his or her audience . This finding allowed for positive verification of the social exchange theory in online communities . Hence it can be stated that our work contributes to theories of exchange patterns in online social networks . 


Summary: Our research is focused on reciprocity which is crucial for social exchanges. The online social network platform of our choice was Facebook which is one of the most successful online social sites. In our study we found strong empirical evidence that an increase in the number of reciprocity messages the actor broadcasts in online social networks increases the reciprocity reactions from his or her audience. This finding allowed for positive verification of the social exchange theory in online communities.
Large content providers such as Google Yahoo and Microsoft aim to directly connect with consumer networks and place the content closer to end users . Exchanging traffic directly between end users and content providers can reduce the cost of transit services . However direct connection to all end users is simply not feasible . Content providers by and large still rely on transit services to reach the majority of end users . We argue that routing policies are an important factor in considering the selection of ISPs for content providers . Therefore determining which ISP to peer or use as a transit becomes a key question for content providers . In this paper we formulate the policy aware peering problem in which we determine not only which ISP to connect with but also the kind of peering agreement to establish . We prove that such a policy aware peering problem is NP complete and propose a heuristic algorithm to solve the problem . Further we perform a large scale measurement study of the peering characteristics of five large content providers and evaluate the existing peering connections deployed by the content providers . Our measurement results show that changing the existing peering agreements or adding as little as 3 5 new peering connections can enhance the connection between content providers and end users significantly . 


Summary: We investigate the impact of routing policies and peering policies on the selection of peering connections for content providers. We formulate the policy aware peering problem and prove that the problem is NP complete. We provide a heuristic algorithm to solve policy aware peering problem. We examine the lower bound of peering connections to cover end users in today s Internet. We investigate 5 large content providers and find that adding as little as 3 5 new peering connections can enhance their connection to end users significantly.
Recently much research has been performed to guarantee viewer s safety in watching stereoscopic 3D videos . Most of them focused on individual content factors causing viewer discomfort . This paper extends the kinds of content factors and focuses more on the composite rather than individual factors . To analyze them a subjective test for discomfort is performed for four stereoscopic 3D videos . Also all the quantitative values of the factors to be considered are extracted from the contents . The quantitative factors we consider are the amount of disparity the frequency and amount of the disparity changes object movement and the color and luminance information . In addition we also include some situational factors such as story of the contents situation or circumstances of a scene and movement position and direction of camera . We analyze qualitatively by comparing the subject test results and the extracted quantitative factors as well as the situational factors to find when and how much those factors in combination or individually cause viewer discomfort . We summarize and substantially show which factors or their combinations strongly or weakly affect viewer discomfort . 


Summary: This paper s purpose is to find as many factors causing visual discomfort as possible. We extracted possible factors and performed subject tests for four 3D contents. We analyzed by comparing temporarily the test results and the extracted factors. Frequency and abruptness of disparity change were the strongest cause of discomfort. Other factors composite with disparity increased or decreased viewer s discomfort.
A new binary four point subdivision scheme is presented which keeps the second order divided difference at the old vertices unchanged when the new vertices are inserted . Using the symbol of the subdivision scheme we show that the limit curve is at least continuous . Furthermore the conditions imposed on the initial points are also discussed thus the given limit functions are both monotonicity preserving and convexity preserving 


Summary: We present a new relaxation of binary four point subdivision scheme. The scheme keeps the second order divided difference at the old vertices unchanged when inserting new vertices. Our limit functions are both monotonicity preserving and convexity preserving. Our limit curve is at least continuous when using the symbol of the scheme.
Existing flat peer to peer systems based on distributed hash tables perform unsatisfactorily under churn due to their non hierarchical topology . These flat DHTs experience low lookup success ratio high lookup latency and high bandwidth usage as a consequence of the presence of churn . With this we explore the use of hierarchical DHT specifically the superpeer design in mitigating the effects of churn . To the best of our knowledge we are the first to intensively examine HDHTs with and without high churn through simulations . Using the OMNeT simulator and the OverSim framework we analyze flat and hierarchical DHTs with and without churn . Results show that the implemented HDHTs perform more satisfactorily than a flat DHT because of better fault isolation and smaller cluster sizes at the cost of higher superpeer traffic . HDHTs are more stable as they have better lookup success ratios . They are more efficient as evidenced by lower lookup latencies and lower average node bandwidth usage . They are more scalable since their performance do not degrade significantly even at high population . With this the implemented HDHTs can be utilized to alleviate the effects of churn in mobile networks . 


Summary: This research reviews recent works on flat DHTs under high churn. This research evaluates a flat DHT and a hierarchical DHT with or without churn. This research assesses the performance of two HDHTs with or without churn.
Dehydrated core shell fruits such as jujubes raisins and plums show very complex buckles and wrinkles on their exocarp. It is a challenging task to model such complicated patterns and their evolution in a virtual environment even for professional animators. This paper presents a unified physically based approach to simulate the morphological transformation for the core shell fruits in the dehydration process. A finite element method FEM which is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic part and a dehydrated part is adopted to model the morphological evolution. In the method the dehydration pattern can be conveniently controlled through physically prescribed parameters according to the geometry and material of the real fruits. The effects of the parameters on the final dehydrated surface patterns are investigated and summarized in detail. Experiments on jujubes wolfberries raisins and plums are given which demonstrate the efficacy of the method. 


Summary: A unified physically based approach for modeling the deformation in a general dehydration process. A nonlinear finite element method to simulate the dehydration induced morphological transformation. Simple parameters based on the geometry and material of the fruits to control the evolution of surface patterns. A looking up table for efficient simulation.
A spectral envelope estimation algorithm is presented to achieve high quality speech synthesis . The concept of the algorithm is to obtain an accurate and temporally stable spectral envelope . The algorithm uses fundamental frequency and consists of F0 adaptive windowing smoothing of the power spectrum and spectral recovery in the quefrency domain . Objective and subjective evaluations were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm . Results of both evaluations indicated that the proposed algorithm can obtain a temporally stable spectral envelope and synthesize speech with higher sound quality than speech synthesized with other algorithms . 


Summary: A spectral envelope estimator is presented for high quality speech synthesis. The proposed algorithm enables us to obtain the temporally stable spectral envelope. Objective results showed the proposed algorithm was better than other algorithms. Subjective results showed that the proposed algorithm can synthesize natural speech.
Efficient message dissemination is of utmost importance to propel the development of useful services and applications in Vehicular ad hoc Networks . In this paper we propose a novel adaptive system that allows each vehicle to automatically adopt the most suitable dissemination scheme in order to fit the warning message delivery policy to each specific situation . Our mechanism uses as input parameters the vehicular density and the topological characteristics of the environment where the vehicles are located in order to decide which dissemination scheme to use . We compare our proposal with respect to two static dissemination schemes and three adaptive dissemination systems . Simulation results demonstrate that our approach significantly improves upon these solutions being able to support more efficient warning message dissemination in all situations ranging from low densities with complex maps to high densities in simple scenarios . In particular RTAD improves existing approaches in terms of percentage of vehicles informed while significantly reducing the number of messages sent thus mitigating broadcast storms . 


Summary: We implemented and assessed RTAD our real time adaptive dissemination system. Our approach uses the number of neighbors to estimate the vehicle density. We tested RTAD under four different urban scenarios. We compared our proposal against two static schemes and three adaptive systems.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of various character and background colour combinations on cognitive performance during onscreen searching tasks and to identify the best combinations with a multimodal approach of physiological subjective and performance data collection . In the absence of proper character and background colour combination the optimum performance for a cognitive task is greatly affected which in turn affects the productivity of the individual worker or communications among the operators working under the same network through information sharing . This study was designed by selecting six colours i.e . white black yellow red blue and green and subsequently combining them to 16 character and background colour combinations for a searching task . Right and left headed arrows were used as the character for the searching maneuver . Forty four volunteers participated in the experiments . Various eye movement variables legibility rating scale NASA TLX questionnaire searching time and percentage of error were recorded . Subjects performed better wherever a good contrast was there because of a high legibility . A poorly contrasted display affected the physiological variables as well as subjective responses to negative directions . Among the combinations of dark character light background blue and red character on white background is highly recommended and while that for light character dark background white is found to be the best character on blue and green backgrounds . 


Summary: Physiological subjective and performance measures were effective for the study. Eye movement parameters play significant role in interpreting the results. Black background should be used cautiously in display design. Combination of two colours with close luminance value should be avoided. Designing with blue either as background or as character is always advantageous.
The relationship between the occurrence of simulator sickness and varying latency in a helmet mounted display was explored in this study . Previous work has always considered latency to be a constant . The aim of this research was to determine if a latency that varied over time would impact the experience of SS for HMD users . An object location task was used while viewing real live video scenes via HMD . A planned comparisons approach was utilized with four experimental conditions 2 of them having constant latency and 2 of them having sinusoidally varying latency . These conditions allowed for the assessment of the effects of constant latency vs. varying latency on the experience of SS . The results indicated that a varying latency is associated with greater experience of SS among HMD users than constant latency . Results also indicated as has other recent research that added constant latency on its own does not appear to be associated with the experience of higher levels of SS in an HMD . 


Summary: Explored the relationship between simulator sickness and latency characteristics. No support found for the relationship between raw latency and simulator sickness. 0.2Hz frequency of latency is associated with higher levels of simulator sickness. Varying amplitude of latency is associated with higher levels of simulator sickness.
The Spectral Radiance Piecewise Partition Model is a new model for characterizing Liquid Crystal Displays . According to the additive property of the spectral radiances of the primary displayed color the SRPPM model can be divided into three subspace partitions to calculate the transfer coefficient matrixes with cubic polynomial which based on the relationship between the digital input of the LCD and the spectral radiance of displayed color . The color difference was used to evaluate the accuracy of this model . Comparing with other characterization models for LCD the experimental results show that the average color difference of SRPPM is 0.82 E 76 and 80 of the color differences between color samples are less than 1 E 76 . 


Summary: The SRPPM presents a three piecewise partition characterization model for LCD with the display spectral radiance. The characterization is simplified by the cubic polynomial algorithm. The number of color samples for display characterization is reduced by using SRPPM. The experimental results show the good performance of the SRPPM.
Iridiumbispyridinato N C2 picolinate is one typical bluish green phosphor widely used in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes . In order to optimize its electroluminescent performance 3 6 carbazolyl was introduced into the pyridine ring of the 2 4 difluorophenyl pyridine ligand via a non conjugated CH2 linkage . The generated 3 6 di tert butyl 9 pridine 3 yl methyl 9H carbazole was used as cyclometalating ligand to prepare iridium complex 1 2Ir . In comparison with the case to attach carbazole directly on pyridine this non conjugated CH2 linking strategy avoids the unwanted bathochromic shift of the phosphorescence and improves the solubility of the iridium complex . 2Ir was used as doped emitter to fabricate OLEDs by both spin coating and vacuum evaporation methods . Efficient bluish green electrophosphorescence was obtained with maximum luminance efficiency of 22cd A and 26cd A for the solution processed and vacuum deposited devices respectively which far exceed those of the parent Firpic based device . The improved performance for 2Ir was interpreted in terms of improved charge balance brought by the presence of the carbazole groups in the ligands . 


Summary: New iridium complex 1 with non conjugation peripheral carbazole unit was reported. Solution processed and vacuum deposited organic light emitting diodes were fabricated using 1 as doped emitter. The efficiency of solution processed device was improved to 22cd A.
Optimal recursive decomposition is crucial for analyzing designing solving or finding realizations of geometric constraint systems . While the optimal DR planning problem is NP hard even for 2D bar joint constraint systems we describe an algorithm for a broad class of constraint systems that are isostatic or underconstrained . The algorithm achieves optimality by using the new notion of a canonical DR plan that also meets various desirable previously studied criteria . In addition we leverage recent results on Cayley configuration spaces to show that the indecomposable systems that are solved at the nodes of the optimal DR plan by recombining solutions to child systems can be minimally modified to become decomposable and have a small DR plan leading to efficient realization algorithms . We show formal connections to well known problems such as completion of underconstrained systems . Well suited to these methods are classes of constraint systems that can be used to efficiently model design and analyze quasi uniform and self similar layered material structures . We formally illustrate by modeling silica bilayers as body hyperpin systems and cross linking microfibrils as pinned line incidence systems . A software implementation of our algorithms and videos demonstrating the software are publicly available online . 


Summary: Every canonical decomposition is optimal for isostatic or underconstrained graphs. An algorithm to find a canonical and optimal decomposition recombination plan. An efficient technique for optimally modifying large indecomposable systems. Applications of the theory to modeling materials. A collection of open problems in the area.
A series of Sm3 and Dy3 doped LaBWO6 phosphors were synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction . Recorded XRD patterns proved that the titled compound in a single phase has been obtained . Sm3 and Dy3 doped LaBWO6 could emit orange and white light respectively . The optimal doping concentration of Sm3 or Dy3 was experimentally ascertained to be 6mol . The critical distance of energy transfer for Sm3 or Dy3 doped sample is 1.540nm . In addition there is no cross energy transfer between the Sm3 and Dy3 ions in the co doped samples . The results indicated that the electric dipole dipole interaction is predominant energy transfer mechanism for concentration quenching of Sm3 or Dy3 doped LaBWO6 phosphor . The charge transfer band was observed in the excitation spectra of Sm3 or Dy3 doped LaBWO6 phosphors . Present investigation indicated that Sm3 and Dy3 doped LaBWO6 can be applied in solid state lighting and LaBWO6 is a promising host for display applications . 


Summary: Sm3 and Dy3 doped LaBWO6 could emit intense orange and white light respectively. Concentration dependence of Sm3 and Dy3 luminescence was investigated in detail. Critical distance and mechanism of the energy transfer were experimentally ascertained.
In this paper we discuss the bicubic spline spaces over hierarchical T meshes in detail . The topological explanation of the dimension formula is further explored . We provide three necessary conditions for the completeness of the spline spaces . Based on the three conditions the rule of the refinement of the hierarchical T mesh is given and a basis is constructed . The basis functions are linearly independent and complete which provides a solution for the defects in the former literature . 


Summary: We explore the topologic explanation of the dimension formula. The configuration of the T mesh has been given to guarantee the completeness. We construct a basis. Some elementary applications have been given.
This paper proposes an architecture and associated methodology to separate front end UI concerns from back end coding concerns to improve the platform flexibility shorten the development time and increase the productivity of developers . Typical UI development is heavily dependent upon the underlying platform framework or tool used to create it which results in a number of problems . We took a separation based UI architecture and modified it with a domain specific language to support the independence of UI creation thereby resolving some of the aforementioned problems . A methodology incorporating this architecture into the development process is proposed . A climate science application was created to verify the validity of the methodology using modern practices of UX DSLs code generation and model driven engineering . Analyzing related work provides an overview of other methods similar to our method . Subsequently we evaluate the climate science application conclude and detail future work . 


Summary: We propose a new DSL and separation based architecture and development methodology. The approach separates front end UI concerns from back end implementation concerns. A climate science application illustrates the approach and verifies its validity. Evaluation of the approach includes comparative analysis and usability studies. The approach increases developer productivity and enhances UI design flexibility.
Estimating surface normals from a single image alone is a challenging problem . Previous work made various simplifications and focused on special cases such as having directional lighting known reflectance maps etc . This is problematic however as shape from shading becomes impractical outside the lab . We argue that addressing more realistic settings requires multiple shading cues to be combined as well as generalized to natural illumination . However this requires coping with an increased complexity of the approach and more parameters to be adjusted . Starting from a novel large scale dataset for training and analysis we pursue a discriminative learning approach to shape from shading . Regression forests enable efficient pixel independent prediction and fast learning . The regression trees are adapted to predicting surface normals by using von Mises Fisher distributions in the leaves . Spatial regularity of the normals is achieved through a combination of spatial features including texton as well as novel silhouette features . The proposed silhouette features leverage the occluding contours of the surface and yield scale invariant context . Their benefits include computational efficiency and good generalization to unseen data . Importantly they allow estimating the reflectance map robustly thus addressing the uncalibrated setting . Our method can also be extended to handle perspective projection . Experiments show that our discriminative approach outperforms the state of the art on various synthetic and real world datasets . 


Summary: We estimate shape and reflectance map of an unknown object from a single image. The object is assumed to have uniform diffuse albedo. The model works in uncalibrated illumination with a perspective projection model. We leverage a novel large scale dataset in a discriminative learning approach. Training uses synthetic data rendered given the estimated lighting.