varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
It has become increasingly important for companies to utilize electronic word of mouth in their marketing campaigns for desired product sales . Identifying key eWOM disseminators among consumers is a challenge for companies . WOM is an interpersonal communication in which a sender spreads a message to receivers . Previously researchers and practitioners have searched for opinion leaders by examining senders and receivers due to limited records on WOM message . Our study identifies three types of opinion leaders through eWOM using a message based approach that elicits more accurate and comprehensive information on opinion leadership than sender based and receiver based approaches . We demonstrate that eWOM of opinion leaders drives product sales due to their product experience and knowledge background . Our findings suggest that companies can increase product sales via effective use of eWOM of such opinion leaders . Managerial and marketing implications are addressed . 


Summary: We identify disseminators for effective marketing campaign by using eWOM message. Our approach identifies more accurate and comprehensive opinion leadership. Opinion leaders eWOM influences product sales through product experience effects. Opinion leaders eWOM influences product sales through knowledge background effects. Firms need disseminators with individually broad and collectively focused knowledge.
The interest in image dermoscopy has been significantly increased recently and skin lesion images are nowadays routinely acquired for a number of skin disorders . An important finding in the assessment of a skin lesion severity is the existence of dark dots and globules which are hard to locate and count using existing image software tools . In this work we present a novel methodology for detecting segmenting and count dark dots and globules from dermoscopy images . Segmentation is performed using a multi resolution approach based on inverse non linear diffusion . Subsequently a number of features are extracted from the segmented dots globules and their diagnostic value in automatic classification of dermoscopy images of skin lesions into melanoma and non malignant nevus is evaluated . The proposed algorithm is applied to a number of images with skin lesions with known histo pathology . Results show that the proposed algorithm is very effective in automatically segmenting dark dots and globules . Furthermore it was found that the features extracted from the segmented dots globules can enhance the performance of classification algorithms that discriminate between malignant and benign skin lesions when they are combined with other region based descriptors . 


Summary: Dark dots and globules may occur in benign and malignant skin lesions and contain significant diagnostic value. A methodology for detecting segmenting dark dots and globules from dermoscopy images is proposed based on inverse non linear diffusion. A set of dot globule related features is proposed. The proposed algorithm is applied to a number of images with skin lesions with known histo pathology. The new features can enhance the performance of classification algorithms that discriminate between malignant and benign skin lesions.
The electronic identification of sheep and goats has been obligatory in the European Union since 2010 by means of low frequency radio frequency identification systems . The identification of pigs and cattle is currently based on a visual ear tag but electronic animal identification is gaining in importance . The European Union already offers the additional use of electronic identification systems for cattle in their council regulation . Besides the low frequency radio frequency identification an ultra high frequency ear tag is a possibility for electronic animal identification . The benefits of the latter frequency band are the high range the possibility of quasi simultaneous reading and a high data transmission rate . First systematic laboratory tests were carried out before testing the ear tags in practice . Therefore a dynamic test bench was built . The aim of the experiments presented in this study was to compare different ear tags under standardised conditions and select the most suitable for practical use . The influence of different parameters was tested and a standard test procedure to evaluate the quality of the transponder ear tag was developed . The experiments showed that neither the transponder holder material nor the reader settings examined had a significant influence on the average of readings of the different transponder types . The parameter number of rounds did not show a significant effect either . However significant differences between speed transponder orientation and the fourteen transponder types were found . The two most suitable transponder ear tags for cattle and pigs have been determined by comparison . 


Summary: Dynamic test bench. UHF transponders comparison. UHF cattle pig ear tag development.
A keyword auction is conducted by Internet search engines to sell advertising slots listed on the search results page . Although much of the literature assumes the dynamic bidding strategy that utilizes the current bids of other advertisers such information is in practice not available for participants in the auction . This paper explores the bidding behavior of advertisers in a sealed bid environment where each bidder does not know the current bids of others . This study considers secure bidding with a trial bid as the bid adjustment process used by the advertisers which is functional in a sealed bid environment . It is shown that the SBT bid adjustment process converges to some equilibrium point in a one shot game irrespective of the initial bid profile . Simulation results verify that a sealed bid environment would be beneficial to search engines . 


Summary: Bidding behaviors in a sealed bid keyword auction is analyzed. Even in a sealed bid environment bidding behavior with a minimal search for others bids leads to a unique fixedpoint. A computer simulation shows that a sealed bid environment is beneficial to a search engine.
Background and objective The degeneration of the balance control system in the elderly and in many pathologies requires measuring the equilibrium conditions very often . In clinical practice equilibrium control is commonly evaluated by using a force platform in a clinical environment . In this paper we demonstrate how a simple movement analysis system based on a 3D video camera and a 3D real time model reconstruction of the human body can be used to collect information usually recorded by a physical stabilometric platform . Methods The algorithm used to reconstruct the human body model as a set of spheres is described and discussed . Moreover experimental measurements and comparisons with data collected by a physical stabilometric platform are also reported . The measurements were collected on a set of 6 healthy subjects to whom a change in equilibrium condition was stimulated by performing an equilibrium task . Results The experimental results showed that more than 95 of data collected by the proposed method were not significantly different from those collected by the classic platform thus confirming the usefulness of the proposed system . Conclusions The proposed virtual balance assessment system can be implemented at low cost and for this reason can be considered a home use medical device . On the contrary astabilometric platform has a cost of about 10 000 and requires periodical calibration . The proposed system does not require periodical calibration as is necessary for stabilometric force platforms and it is easy to use . In future the proposed system with little integration can be used besides being an emulator of a stabilometric platform also to recognize and track in real time head legs arms and trunk that is to collect information actually obtained by sophisticated optoelectronic systems . 


Summary: Equilibrium conditions control is very important in the elderly and in many pathologies. Equilibrium control is commonly evaluated by using a stabilometric platform. A low cost virtual stabilometric platform is presented. Results demonstrate that the virtual stabilometric platform is equivalent to a physical one.
A Moment Ratio estimator is proposed for an AR model of the errors in an OLS regression that provides standard errors with far less median bias and confidence intervals with far better coverage than conventional alternatives . A unit root and therefore the absence of cointegration does not necessarily mean that a correlation between the variables is spurious . The estimator is applied to a quadratic trend model of real GDP . The rate of change of GDP growth is negative with finite standard error but is insignificant . The output gap often used as a guide to monetary policy has an infinite standard error and is therefore a statistical illusion . 


Summary: A new Moment Ratio estimator is proposed for an AR model of regression errors. The new estimator gives CIs with less size distortion than popular alternatives. Newey West HAC standard errors can far overstate regressor precision. Lack of cointegration does not necessarily imply a regression is spurious. The new estimator is applied to a quadratic trend model of US GDP.
Background and objectives Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump is widely considered a convenience and promising way for type 1 diabetes mellitus subjects who need exogenous insulin infusion . In the standard insulin pump therapy there are two modes for insulin infusion basal and bolus insulin . The basal bolus therapy should be individualized and optimized in order to keep one subject s blood glucose level within the normal range however the optimization procedure is troublesome and it perturb the patients a lot . Therefore an automatic adjustment method is needed to reduce the burden of the patients and run to run control algorithm can be used to handle this significant task . Methods In this study two kinds of high order R2R control methods are presented to adjust the basal and bolus insulin simultaneously . For clarity a second order R2R control algorithm is first derived and studied . Furthermore considering the differences between weekdays and weekends a seventh order R2R control algorithm is also proposed and tested . Results In order to simulate real situation the proposed method has been tested with uncertainties on measurement noise drifts meal size meal time and snack . The proposed method can converge even when there are 60min random variations in meal timing or 50 random variations in meal size . Conclusions According to the robustness analysis one can see that the proposed high order R2R has excellent robustness and could be a promising candidate to optimize insulin pump therapy . 


Summary: Two kinds of high order R2R control methods are presented to optimize the insulin pump therapy. Using the proposed method both the basal and the bolus insulin are adjusted simultaneously. The proposed method can converge even when there are 60min random variations in meal timing or 40 random variations in meal size.
Background and objective Biofilms are receiving increasing attention from the biomedical community . Biofilm like growth within human body is considered one of the key microbial strategies to augment resistance and persistence during infectious processes . The Biofilms Experiment Workbench is a novel software workbench for the operation and analysis of biofilms experimental data . The goal is to promote the interchange and comparison of data among laboratories providing systematic harmonised and large scale data computation . Methods The workbench was developed with AIBench an open source Java desktop application framework for scientific software development in the domain of translational biomedicine . Implementation favours free and open source third parties such as the R statistical package and reaches for the Web services of the BiofOmics database to enable public experiment deposition . Results First we summarise the novel free open XML based interchange format for encoding biofilms experimental data . Then we describe the execution of common scenarios of operation with the new workbench such as the creation of new experiments the importation of data from Excel spreadsheets the computation of analytical results the on demand and highly customised construction of Web publishable reports and the comparison of results between laboratories . Conclusions A considerable and varied amount of biofilms data is being generated and there is a critical need to develop bioinformatics tools that expedite the interchange and comparison of microbiological and clinical results among laboratories . We propose a simple open source software infrastructure which is effective extensible and easy to understand . The workbench is freely available for non commercial use at http sing.ei.uvigo.es bew under LGPL license . 


Summary: There is a critical need to develop bioinformatics tools that expedite the interchange and comparison of microbiological and clinical results among laboratories. Biofilms are a prominent subject within Biomedical research. The Biofilms Experiment Workbench BEW is a novel software workbench for the operation and analysis of biofilms experimental data. The Biofilms Markup Language BML is a new data representation format for modelling biofilms experiments. BEW is able to manage information of microbiological studies with various purposes.
The three parameter Rayleigh damping model applied to time harmonic Magnetic Resonance Elastography has potential to better characterise fluid saturated tissue systems . However it is not uniquely identifiable at a single frequency . One solution to this problem involves simultaneous inverse problem solution of multiple input frequencies over a broad range . As data is often limited an alternative elegant solution is a parametric RD reconstruction where one of the RD parameters is globally constrained allowing accurate identification of the remaining two RD parameters . This research examines this parametric inversion approach as applied to in vivo brain imaging . Overall success was achieved in reconstruction of the real shear modulus that showed good correlation with brain anatomical structures . The mean and standard deviation shear stiffness values of the white and gray matter were found to be 3 0.11kPa and 2.2 0.11kPa respectively which are in good agreement with values established in the literature or measured by mechanical testing . Parametric results with globally constrained indicate that selecting a reasonable value for the distribution has a major effect on the reconstructed image and concomitant damping ratio . More specifically the reconstructed image using a realistic 333Pa value representative of a greater portion of the brain tissue showed more accurate differentiation of the ventricles within the intracranial matter compared to 1000Pa and reconstruction with 333Pa accurately captured the higher damping levels expected within the vicinity of the ventricles . Parametric RD reconstruction shows potential for accurate recovery of the stiffness characteristics and overall damping profile of the in vivo living brain despite its underlying limitations . Hence a parametric approach could be valuable with RD models for diagnostic MRE imaging with single frequency data . 


Summary: Rayleigh damping RD model is structurally non identifiable with single frequency data without extensive a priori information. We propose an alternative approach to overcome non identifiability issue of the model. Parametric RD model was mooted in application to in vivo mechano brain imaging. Results indicate that parametric RD approach shows potential for diagnostic MRE imaging with single frequency data.
Group independent component analysis is a well established blind source separation technique that has been widely applied to study multi subject functional magnetic resonance imaging data . The group independent components represent the commonness of all of the subjects in the group . Similar to independent component analysis on the single subject level the performance of GICA can be improved for multi subject fMRI data analysis by incorporating a priori information however a priori information is not always considered while looking for GICs in existing GICA methods especially when no obvious or specific knowledge about an unknown group is available . In this paper we present a novel method to extract the group intrinsic reference from all of the subjects of the group and then incorporate it into the GICA extraction procedure . Comparison experiments between FastICA and GICA with intrinsic reference are implemented on the group level with regard to the simulated hybrid and real fMRI data . The experimental results show that the GICs computed by GICA IR have a higher correlation with the corresponding independent component of each subject in the group and the accuracy of activation regions detected by GICA IR was also improved . These results have demonstrated the advantages of the GICA IR method which can better reflect the commonness of the subjects in the group . 


Summary: We presented a novel method to extract group intrinsic reference from all subjects in a group. A new group ICA model with intrinsic reference GICA IR was further proposed for fMRI data analysis. GICA IR was shown to better reflect the commonness of subjects in the group.
In this paper a new automatic approach to determine the accurate measure of human vertebrae is proposed . The aim is to speed up the measurement process and to reduce the uncertainties that typically affect the measurement carried out by traditional approaches . The proposed method uses a 3D model of the vertebra obtained from CT scans or 3D scanning from which some characteristic dimensions are detected . For this purpose specific rules to identify morphological features from which to detect dimensional features unambiguously and accurately are put forward and implemented in original software . The automatic method which is here proposed is verified by analysing real vertebrae and is then compared with the state of the art methods for vertebra measurement . 


Summary: This paper proposes a new approach to determine the measure of human vertebrae. Typical approaches perform measurements with lack of repeatability and reproducibility. The proposed method is based on morphological features recognition from 3D high point density model of the vertebrae. The paper proposes unambiguous rules to identify geometric references and the associated dimensions. Compared to typical approaches the proposed method proved to be more repeatable and reproducible.
This study developed a computerised method for fovea centre detection in fundus images . In the method the centre of the optic disc was localised first by the template matching method the disc fovea axis was then determined by searching the vessel free region and finally the fovea centre was detected by matching the fovea template around the centre of the axis . Adaptive Gaussian templates were used to localise the centres of the optic disc and fovea for the images with different resolutions . The proposed method was evaluated using three publicly available databases which consisted of a total of 1419 fundus images with different resolutions . The proposed method obtained the fovea detection accuracies of 93.1 92.1 and 97.8 for the DIARETDB0 DIARETDB1 and MESSIDOR databases respectively . The overall accuracy of the proposed method was 97.0 in this study . 


Summary: We developed a method for automated detection of fovea in fundus images based on vessel free zone and adaptive Gaussian template. The proposed method constrained the search region based on the vessel free region and did not need the segmentation of vessels. The proposed method was evaluated using three publicly available databases DIARETDB0 DIARETDB1 and MESSIDOR . The proposed method obtained the fovea detection accuracy of 97.0 .
Vision is one of the most important of the senses and humans use it extensively during navigation . We evaluated different types of image and video frame descriptors that could be used to determine distinctive visual landmarks for localizing a person based on what is seen by a camera that they carry . To do this we created a database containing over 3 km of video sequences with ground truth in the form of distance travelled along different corridors . Using this database the accuracy of localization both in terms of knowing which route a user is on and in terms of position along a certain route can be evaluated . For each type of descriptor we also tested different techniques to encode visual structure and to search between journeys to estimate a user s position . The techniques include single frame descriptors those using sequences of frames and both color and achromatic descriptors . We found that single frame indexing worked better within this particular dataset . This might be because the motion of the person holding the camera makes the video too dependent on individual steps and motions of one particular journey . Our results suggest that appearance based information could be an additional source of navigational data indoors augmenting that provided by say radio signal strength indicators . Such visual information could be collected by crowdsourcing low resolution video feeds allowing journeys made by different users to be associated with each other and location to be inferred without requiring explicit mapping . This offers a complementary approach to methods based on simultaneous localization and mapping algorithms . 


Summary: A new dataset of videos from wearable handheld cameras with location ground truth. Benchmarking of position localization accuracy via associating images between users. Description and comparisons of 4 new descriptor variants for visual localization. Suggested metrics of localization performance using error distance distributions. Intra inter camera image query and retrieval comparisons wearable vs hand held .
In order to advance flexible electronic technologies it is important to study the electrical properties of thin metal films on polymer substrates under mechanical load . At the same time the observation of film deformation and fracture as well as the stresses that are present in the films during straining are also crucial to investigate . To address both the electromechanical and deformation behavior of metal films supported by polymer substrates in situ 4 point probe resistance measurements were performed with in situ atomic force microscopy imaging of the film surface during straining . The 4 point probe resistance measurements allow for the examination of the changes in resistance with strain while the surface imaging permits the visualization of localized thinning and crack formation . Furthermore in situ synchrotron tensile tests provide information about the stresses in the film and show the yield stress where the deformation initiates and the relaxation of the film during imaging . A thin 200nm Cu film on 23 m thick PET substrate will be used to illustrate the combined techniques . The combination of electrical measurements surface imaging and stress measurements allow for a better understanding of electromechanical behavior needed for the improvement and future success of flexible electronic devices . 


Summary: Electromechanical properties of metal films are studied with in situ AFM 4PP tensile straining. AFM characterizes the surface damage and 4PP measures the resistance under tensile strain. The difference between local film necking and through thickness cracks can be made. It will be shown when the strain is removed cracks bridge and the resistance decreases.