varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
Many organisations are dependent upon long term sustainable software systems and associated communities . In this paper we consider long term sustainability of Open Source software communities in Open Source software projects involving a fork . There is currently a lack of studies in the literature that address how specific Open Source software communities are affected by a fork . We report from a study aiming to investigate the developer community around the LibreOffice project which is a fork from the OpenOffice.org project . In so doing our analysis also covers the OpenOffice.org project and the related Apache OpenOffice project . The results strongly suggest a long term sustainable LibreOffice community and that there are no signs of stagnation in the LibreOffice project 33 months after the fork . Our analysis provides details on developer communities for the LibreOffice and Apache OpenOffice projects and specifically concerning how they have evolved from the OpenOffice.org community with respect to project activity developer commitment and retention of committers over time . Further we present results from an analysis of first hand experiences from contributors in the LibreOffice community . Findings from our analysis show that Open Source software communities can outlive Open Source software projects and that LibreOffice is perceived by its community as supportive diversified and independent . The study contributes new insights concerning challenges related to long term sustainability of Open Source software communities . 


Summary: First comprehensive analysis of Open Source projects involving a fork. The LibreOffice project which was forked from the OpenOffice.org project shows no sign of long term decline. LibreOffice has attracted the long term and most active committers in OpenOffice.org. Open Source communities can outlive Open Source software projects. LibreOffice is perceived by its community as supportive diversified and independent.
A robust finite element procedure for modelling the localised fracture of reinforced concrete beams at elevated temperatures is developed . In this model a reinforced concrete beam is represented as an assembly of 4 node quadrilateral plain concrete 3 node main reinforcing steel bar and 2 node bond link elements . The concrete element is subdivided into layers for considering the temperature distribution over the cross section of a beam . An extended finite element method has been incorporated into the concrete elements in order to capture the localised cracks within the concrete . The model has been validated against previous fire test results on the concrete beams . regular strain displacement transformation matrix enhanced strain displacement transformation matrix material constitutive matrix of plain concrete element internal force vector enhanced element internal force vector regular element internal force vector element internal force vector corresponding to traction fracture energy of concrete enhanced element stiffness matrix regular element stiffness matrix element stiffness matrix corresponding to traction tangent stiffness of traction separation relation traction within the cracks sign function vector of continuous displacement field vector of discontinuous displacement field enhancement function 


Summary: Develop an extended finite element model for modelling concrete beams in fire. Propose a criterion to determine the initiation of individual cracks. Consider the influence of the bond condition on the fire resistance of reinforced concrete beams. Assess the integrity of reinforced concrete beams under fire conditions.
This paper focuses on the problem of 3D shape categorization. For a given set of training 3D shapes a 3D shape recognition system must be able to predict the class label for a test 3D shape. We introduce a novel discriminative approach for recognizing 3D shape categories which is based on a 3D Spatial Pyramid 3DSP decomposition. 3D local descriptors computed on the 3D shapes have to be extracted to be then quantized in order to build a 3D visual vocabulary for characterizing the shapes. Our approach repeatedly subdivides a cube inscribed in the 3D shape and computes a weighted sum of histogram of visual word occurrences at increasingly fine sub volumes. Additionally we integrate this pyramidal representation with different types of kernels such as the Histogram Intersection Kernel and the extended Gaussian Kernel with 2 distance. Finally we perform a thorough evaluation on different publicly available datasets defining an elaborate experimental setup to be used for establishing further comparisons among different 3D shape categorization methods. 


Summary: We introduce the 3D spatial pyramid representation for 3D shape categorization. This pyramid representation repeatedly subdivides a cube inscribed in the 3D shape. Then a weighted sum of histogram of visual word occurrences is computed. Different types of kernels are integrated into the approach for training a SVM. Results on publicly available benchmarks have been reported.
A method for estimating the non linear gamma transfer function of liquid crystal displays without the need of a photometric measurement device was described by Xiao et al . . It relies on observer s judgments of visual luminance by presenting eight half tone patterns with luminances from 1 9 to 8 9 of the maximum value of each colour channel . These half tone patterns were distributed over the screen both over the vertical and horizontal viewing axes . We conducted a series of photometric and psychophysical measurements to evaluate whether the angular dependency of the light generated by three different LCD technologies would bias the results of these gamma transfer function estimations . Our results show that there are significant differences between the gamma transfer functions measured and produced by observers at different viewing angles . We suggest appropriate modifications to the Xiao et al . paradigm to counterbalance these artefacts which also have the advantage of shortening the amount of time spent in collecting the psychophysical measurements . 


Summary: We study a popular method for estimating the gamma of LCD displays. Photometric measures of the angular dependency for different LCD technologies. Psychophysical measures to support the photometric results. We issue a series of recommendations to make the method more robust.
Large screen display technology has in recent years become available to industrial control rooms as a supplement to smaller displays . Due to the greater complexity and scale measured in meters not inches it is now a challenge to design for readability and Situation Awareness . Information Rich Design is a design concept for large displays used in many real life complex processes for almost a decade . The concept simplifies the understanding of large data sets through alignment and Gestalt grouping of process data through a few generic process objects . This paper describes recent design modifications where new functionality is integrated into existing graphical objects keeping the original simplicity . This paper proposes design principles for large screen displays based on theoretical discussions of Situation Awareness and a user test using crews of certified operators . The user test shows positive results on pattern recognition of process data and a newly developed animation of unacknowledged alarms however the concept still suffers from colour and readability issues . 


Summary: Large screen displays should be designed from the ground up. We have built an approach that we call Information Rich Design. Use of pattern recognition and animation of new alarms tested well. Grey colour layering was difficult through video projectors. We propose design principles for large screen displays for complex processes.
The MoO3 doped N N bis diphenyl 1 1 biphenyl 4 4 diamine and 4 4 N N dicarbazole biphenyl as p doped hole transport layers have been used in inverted organic light emitting diodes . Compared to the NPB 20nm NPB MoO3 structure the NPB 10nm CBP MoO3 10nm NPB MoO3 structure showed increased device performance mostly because the hole transport barrier from CBP MoO3 to NPB was smaller than that from NPB MoO3 to NPB it also presented improved device performance than the NPB 20nm CBP MoO3 structure ascribed to the higher conductivity of NPB MoO3 than that of CBP MoO3 . We provide a manageable way to unlock the merits of p doped hole transport layers for markedly increasing the performance of IOLEDs . 


Summary: Inverted OLEDs with two combined p doped layers show enhanced hole current. The combined NPB MoO3 and CBP MoO3 outperform single NPB MoO3 and CBP MoO3. Using two p doped layers gives better balance between hole conduction and barrier.
The normalized Laplacian spectrum is a powerful tool for comparing graphs with different sizes . Recently we showed that two NLS features namely the weighted spectral distribution and the multiplicity of the eigenvalue 1 are particularly relevant to the Internet topology at the inter domain level . In this paper we examine the physical meaning of the two metrics for the Internet . We show that the WSD reflects the transformation from single homed nodes to multi homed nodes for better fault tolerance and that the ME1 quantifies the initial star based structure associated with node classification both of which are critical to the robustness of the Internet structure . We then investigate the relation between the metrics and graph perturbations . We show that these two NLS metrics can be a good choice for study on the Internet optimization . Our work reveals novel insights into the Internet structure and provides useful knowledge for statistical analysis on complex networks . 


Summary: Hightlights The physical meaning of the normalized Laplacian spectrum for the Internet. Graph perturbations and changes in the weighted spectral distribution. Graph perturbations and changes in the multiplicity of the eigenvalue 1. The two spectral metrics are asymptotically independent of network size. The two spectral metrics are a good choice for study on the Internet optimization.
Social aware Opportunistic forwarding algorithms are much needed in environments which lack network infrastructure or in those that are susceptible to frequent disruptions . However most of these algorithms are oblivious to both the user s interest in the forwarded content and the limited power resources of the available mobile nodes . This paper proposes PI SOFA a framework for integrating the awareness of both interest and power capability of a candidate node within the forwarding decision process . Furthermore the framework adapts its forwarding decisions to the expected contact duration between message carriers and candidate nodes . The proposed framework is applied to three state of the art social aware opportunistic forwarding algorithms that target mobile opportunistic message delivery . A simulation based performance evaluation demonstrates the improved effectiveness efficiency reduction of power consumption and fair utilization of the proposed versions in comparison to those of the original algorithms . The results show more than 500 extra f measure mainly by disregarding uninterested nodes while focusing on the potentially interested ones . Moreover power awareness preserves up to 8 power with 41 less cost to attain higher utilization fairness by focusing on power capable interested nodes . Finally this paper analyzes the proposed algorithms performance across various environments . These findings can benefit message delivery in opportunistic mobile networks . 


Summary: Integrating interest and power awareness into opp. social forwarding algorithms. PI SOFA integrates with the SocialCast PeopleRank and SCAR algorithms. Our algorithms outperform the Epidemic Profilecast and EBubbleRap algorithms. Performance metrics are effectiveness efficiency power consumption and fairness. Real data simulations show 500 more fmeasure preserve 8 power with 41 less cost.
GdVO4 Eu3 Bi3 with tetragonal phase has been successfully synthesized by employing efficient irradiations . The assembly of composites with fine grains based on acoustic energy and microwave radiation requires low temperature and short reaction time . All the compounds exhibited red emissions and they can be sensitized through the doped Bi3 ions . The dependence of pH changes and doping concentration on the fluorescence features has been discussed . The photoluminescence measurements show that the optical properties achieved the best results at pH 9 for GdVO4 Eu3 Bi3 or pH 7 for GdVO4 Eu3 . 


Summary: GdVO4 Eu3 phosphors have been efficiently synthesized by a SMC method. Bi3 can be encapsulated into the phosphor. The doping concentration and pH dependence were discussed.
Smart technologies play a key role in sustainable economic growth . They transform houses offices factories and even cities into autonomic self controlled systems acting often without human intervention and thus sparing people routine connected with information collecting and processing . The paper gives an overview of a novel Wi Fi technology currently under development which aims to organize communication between various devices used in such applications as smart grids smart meters smart houses smart healthcare systems smart industry etc . 


Summary: We study carefully the IEEE 802.11ah draft standard published in July 2014. We overview use cases of .11ah especially related to smart cities scenarios. We describe in details novel mechanisms and explain why they are needed in .11ah.
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks will play an important role in Smart Cities and will support the development of not only safety applications but also car smart video surveillance services . Recent improvements in multimedia over VANETs allow drivers passengers and rescue teams to capture share and access on road multimedia services . Vehicles can cooperate with each other to transmit live flows of traffic accidents or disasters and provide drivers passengers and rescue teams rich visual information about a monitored area . Since humans will watch the videos their distribution must be done by considering the provided Quality of Experience even in multi hop multi path and dynamic environments . This article introduces an application framework to handle this kind of services and a routing protocol the DBD that enhances the dissemination of live video flows on multimedia highway VANETs . DBD uses a backbone based approach to create and maintain persistent and high quality routes during the video delivery in opportunistic Vehicle to Vehicle scenarios . It also improves the performance of the IEEE 802.11p MAC layer by solving the Spurious Forwarding problem while increasing the packet delivery ratio and reducing the forwarding delay . Performance evaluation results show the benefits of DBD compared to existing works in forwarding videos over VANETs where main objective and subjective QoE results are measured . 


Summary: We design a framework for video and in general high data rate applications transmission over a VANET. Our framework includes both application and routing layer design. We analyze MAC layer behavior and improve its utilization by solving the Spurious Forwarding problem. We tested our protocols on a real scenario and considered both QoS and QoE including MOS experiments in a real car. We grant a high data rate in ad hoc mode also for long distance through our backbone beaconless approach.
Information Centric Networking is regarded as one of the representative network architectures of Future Internet . In this paper an information centric architecture called Content Scent based Architecture will be proposed for mobile ad hoc networks . In CSAR each content has its special content scent and can be found by tracing the scent it spreads over the network . The content scent has the property similar to the natural scent that can spread over air mix with other scents decay with distance and time and strengthen with fresh supplement . Using this property scent based routing and reliable content delivery functionalities are provided for the mobile ad hoc environment . Simulation results show that CSAR has an efficient route discovery procedure with less routing overhead and better in network caching for the mobile ad hoc networks . 


Summary: A Content Scent based Architecture is designed for mobile ad hoc networks. We define content scent Scent Table and operation of Scent Tables. Broadcast based and scent based routing principle is proposed. An in network caching mechanism is designed based on content scent emitting.
The wide adoption of smart phones has enabled Online Social Networks to exploit the location awareness capabilities offering users better interaction and context aware content . While these features are very attractive the publication of users location in an OSN exposes them to privacy hazards . Recently various protocols have been proposed for private proximity testing where users are able to check if their online friends are near without disclosing their locations . However the computation cost of the required cryptographic operations utilized in such protocols is not always efficient for mobile devices . In this paper we introduce a lightweight and secure proximity testing protocol suitable for online mobile users . We show that our protocol is provably secure under the well known factoring problem and we analyze its efficiency . Our results show that our approach outperforms other existing protocols by significantly reducing the computational cost and making it practical for devices with limited resources . Finally we demonstrate the applicability of our proposal in an actual OSN location based mobile application . 


Summary: Our paper introduces a novel lightweight protocol for private proximity testing. The proposed protocol clearly outperforms current state of the art. We formally prove that the protocol is secure in the semi honest model. We present experimental results in Python and C and compare it with its peers. We demonstrate an Android application that uses are protocol and proves its efficacy.
Having a large number of applications in the marketplace is considered a critical success factor for software ecosystems . The number of applications has been claimed to determine which ecosystems holds the greatest competitive advantage and will eventually dominate the market . This paper investigates the influence of developer multi homing in three leading mobile application ecosystems . Our results show that when regarded as a whole mobile application ecosystems are single homing markets . The results further show that 3 of all developers generate more than 80 of installed applications and that multi homing is common among these developers . Finally we demonstrate that the most installed content actually comprises only a small number of the potential value propositions . The results thus imply that attracting and maintaining developers of superstar applications is more critical for the survival of a mobile application ecosystem than the overall number of developers and applications . Hence the mobile ecosystem is unlikely to become a monopoly . Since exclusive contracts between application developers and mobile application ecosystems are rare multi homing is a viable component of risk management and a publishing strategy . The study advances the theoretical understanding of the influence of multi homing on competition in software ecosystems . 


Summary: Developers multi home by offering apps in competing mobile application ecosystems. If developers multi home several competing ecosystems can survive. We analyzed multi homing in three mobile application ecosystems with 1.3 million apps. 3 of developers generate 80 of installations in a marketplace. The majority of all apps single home but the most popular apps multi home.
While direct social ties have been intensely studied in the context of computer mediated social networks indirect ties have seen little attention . Yet in real life we often rely on friends of our friends for recommendations for introduction to a new job opportunity and for many other occasional needs . In this work we attempt to 1 quantify the strength of indirect social ties 2 validate the quantification and 3 empirically demonstrate its usefulness for applications on two examples . We quantify social strength of indirect ties using a measure of the strength of the direct ties that connect two people and the intuition provided by the sociology literature . We evaluate the proposed metric by framing it as a link prediction problem and experimentally demonstrate that our metric accurately predicts link s formation . We show via data driven experiments that the proposed metric for social strength can be used successfully for social applications . Specifically we show that it can be used for predicting the effects of information diffusion with an accuracy of up to 0.753 . We also show that it alleviates known problems in friend to friend storage systems by addressing two previously documented shortcomings reduced set of storage candidates and data availability correlations . 


Summary: We quantify the strength of indirect social ties by de ning a metric named social strength based on various observations from sociology. We evaluate the social strength metric by framing it as a link prediction problem. Social strength metric s usefulness is demonstrated by two applications predicting information diffusion paths and expanding peers storage candidates in Friend to friend storage systems.
Recently it was shown that a bi cubic patch complex with n sided holes can be completed into a curvature continuous surface by n sided caps of degree bi 5 that offer good and flexible shape Karciauskas and Peters 2013 . This paper further explores the space of n sided caps of degree bi 5 but focuses on functionals to set degrees of freedom and to optimally propagate and average out curvature from the bi cubic complex. 


Summary: Multi sided holes in a bicubic patch complex are filled by a curvature continuous cap. The cap is of degree bi 5 and has good and flexible shape. The space of n sided G2 caps of degree bi 5 is explored via functionals.