varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
Variational Multiscale Finite Element Methods are robust for the development of general formulations for the solution of multiphysics and multiscale transport problems . To obtain a tractable and computationally efficient model VMS methods often rely on a residual based algebraic approximation of the sub grid scales using a so called intrinsic time scales matrix which depends on the problem s overall differential operator and represents the main model parameter . A novel technique for approximating the intrinsic time scales matrix for generic transport problems in a relatively inexpensive manner is presented . The method is denoted Transport Equivalent Scaling and is based on the monolithic casting of the transport problem as a system of transient advective diffusive reactive equations and a subsequent scaling of the coefficient matrices such to preserve each type of transport flux . An algebraic VMS formulation incorporating the TES method is complemented with a discontinuity capturing approach and implemented within a FEM solver for the solution of TADR problems . The solution of the global discrete system is accomplished using a generalized alpha time stepper together with a globalized inexact Newton Krylov nonlinear solver . The effectiveness of the TES formulation is verified with the simulation of benchmark incompressible compressible and magnetohydrodynamic flow problems . The results demonstrate that the TES method seamlessly handles incompressible compressible flows in a unified manner . The convergence process using the TES approach and a more standard approximation for the intrinsic time scales as well as the effect of the DC approach are also investigated . Analysis of the intrinsic time scales for a one dimensional incompressible flow model reveals the similitudes and differences between the TES formulation and other conventional methods . 


Summary: Transport Equivalent Scaling TES for algebraic VMS models is introduced. TES leads to intrinsic time scales expressions suitable for generic transport systems. The convergence process of TES and other standard approximations is investigated. Method validated with incompressible compressible magnetohydrodynamic benchmarks. TES is suitable for the seamless unified handling of incompressible and compressible flows.
Detecting the linear features in an image is a key technology for different applications . In this paper a simple and effective algorithm based on the hit or miss transform is proposed . To detect linear features with different directions multi structuring elements corresponding to different directions are constructed . To detect linear features with different widths a multi scale extension of the constructed multi structuring elements is used . Then the grey level hit or miss transform that utilizes the constructed multi scales of multi structuring elements could effectively extract all of the possible linear features without thresholding . Therefore after refining the extracted linear feature regions using three simple steps the final linear features could be effectively detected . Experimental results on different images from different applications show that the proposed algorithm performs well for detecting linear features with different widths different grey distributions and noises . 


Summary: Multi scale extension of multi structuring elements for hit or miss transform. Utilizing the grey level hit or miss transform for linear feature detection. Performing linear feature detection without thresholding.
Backside illuminated pixel structure is proposed and evaluated as the building block for the image sensor being used as epiretinal prosthesis implant . The image sensor pixel is designed with the parameters of 90nm technology node of standard CMOS process . The image sensor is consisted of a p sub n well structure as the photosensitive area with the pixel pitch of 20 m. The maximum fill factor is observed due to separation of photosensitive area with the readout transistor surface in backside illumination technology . 90 quantum efficiency at 600nm wavelength and the dark current of 74.6nA cm2 at room temperature is achieved for the optimized pixel . The application of deep backside Deep Trench Isolation with high depth n well doping profiles results in a significant reduction of crosstalk . 


Summary: Backside illuminated pixel structure is proposed and evaluated as epiretinal prosthesis implant. The maximum fill factor is observed due to separation of photosensitive area. The application of deep backside Deep Trench Isolation DTI results in a significant reduction of crosstalk.
Preclinical micro computed tomography images are of utility for 3D morphological bone evaluation which is of great interest in cancer detection and treatment development . This work introduces a compression strategy for microCTs that allocates specific substances in different Volumes of Interest . The allocation procedure is conducted by the Hounsfield scale . The VoIs are coded independently and then grouped in a single DICOM compliant file . The proposed method permits the use of different codecs identifies and transmit data corresponding to a particular substance in the compressed domain without decoding the volume and allows the computation of the 3D morphometry without needing to store or transmit the whole image . The proposed approach reduces the transmitted data in more than 90 when the 3D morphometry evaluation is performed in high density and low density bone . This work can be easily extended to other imaging modalities and applications that work with the Hounsfield scale . 


Summary: Preclinical micro computed tomographies are used for morphological bone evaluation. A Volume of Interest VoI strategy for microCT images is proposed. The proposal allocates substances in different VoIs using the Hounsfield scale. The proposed approach may reduce the transmitted data in more than 90 . This proposal can be used to other imaging modalities work with the Hounsfield scale.
Key distribution is required to secure e health applications in the context of Internet of Things . However resources constraints in IoT make these applications unable to run existing key management protocols . In this paper we propose a new lightweight key management protocol . This protocol is based on collaboration to establish a secure end to end communication channel between a highly resource constrained node and a remote entity . The secure channel allows the constrained node to transmit captured data while ensuring confidentiality and authentication . To achieve this goal we propose offloading highly consuming cryptographic primitives to third parties . As a result the constrained node obtains assistance from powerful entities . To assess our protocol we conduct a formal validation regarding security properties . In addition we evaluate both communication and computational costs to highlight energy savings . The results show that our protocol provides a considerable gain in energy while its security properties are ensured . 


Summary: We introduce an energy aware key management protocol for e health applications. The protocol guarantees the end to end principle. Constrained nodes offload asymmetric cryptographic operations to third parties. We conduct a formal validation regarding the security properties of our protocol. Analysis results highlight energy gains on constrained nodes.
Active authentication is the process of continuously verifying a user based on their on going interaction with a computer . In this study we consider a representative collection of behavioral biometrics two low level modalities of keystroke dynamics and mouse movement and a high level modality of stylometry . We develop a sensor for each modality and organize the sensors as a parallel binary decision fusion architecture . We consider several applications for this authentication system with a particular focus on secure distributed communication . We test our approach on a dataset collected from 67 users each working individually in an office environment for a period of approximately one week . We are able to characterize the performance of the system with respect to intruder detection time and robustness to adversarial attacks and to quantify the contribution of each modality to the overall performance . 


Summary: Behavioral biometrics keystroke dynamics mouse movement stylometry. A parallel binary decision fusion architecture with 11 sensors. A dataset collected from 67 users each working in an office environment for a week. Achieve below 1 error rates FAR FRR after only 30s of activity. Characterize robustness of system to adversarial attacks.
Recently several image encryption algorithms based on DNA encoding and chaotic maps have been proposed which create a novel direction in image encryption . By a careful examination on most of these image cryptosystems we find that DNA operators can only influence one DNA base which leads to poor diffusion . A recent image encryption scheme based on DNA encoding and chaos is treated as a case study . The flaws of this algorithm are illustrated . By applying a known plaintext attack we demonstrate that a hacker can determine the chaotic sequences used to confuse the image and reveal the plain image . Finally a suggestion is given to enhance the diffusion ability of image encryption scheme based on DNA encoding and chaos . The experiment results prove that the suggestion is effective . 


Summary: The flaws of an image encryption algorithm based on DNA encoding and chaos are founded. According to the flaws a known plaintext attack is presented to reveal the plain image from the cipher image. A remedy is suggested to enhance the security of the image encryption algorithm.
The world of home automation is an exciting field that has exploded with new technologies and today is known as an area where The internet of things vision becomes reality . The primary advantages that stem from this concept include how each device forms a small part of the Internet by which the advanced system is able to interact and communicate maximizes safety security comfort convenience and energy savings . This paper proposes an implementation of Sensor Web node as a part of IoT using a Raspberry Pi inexpensive fully customizable and programmable small computer with support for a large number of peripherals and network communication . Using this technology in an example of monitoring and determining the confidence of fire in building a full system based on Sensor Web elements is created and developed starting from a scratch . The given example confirms the advantage of Raspberry Pi flexibility and extensive possibility of its usage . 


Summary: Implementation of Sensor Web node as a part of Internet of Things using a Raspberry Pi. Ubiquitous solution of Home automation system appears everywhere and anywhere. Do It Yourself approach user build own solution that meets specific needs. Interdisciplinary approach electronic programming services and soft computing. System for monitoring confidence of fire created and developed starting from a scratch.
The problem of Support Vector Machines tuning parameters has been paramount in the last years mainly because of the high computational burden for SVM training step . In this paper we address this problem by introducing a recently developed evolutionary based algorithm called Social Spider Optimization as well as we introduce SSO for feature selection purposes . The model selection task has been handled in three distinct scenarios feature selection tuning parameters and feature selection tuning parameters . Such extensive set of experiments against with some state of the art evolutionary optimization techniques demonstrated SSO is a suitable approach for SVM model selection since it obtained the top results in 8 out 10 datasets employed in this work . Notice the best scenario seemed to be the combination of both feature selection and SVM tuning parameters . In addition we validated the proposed approach in the context of theft detection in power distribution systems . 


Summary: Social Spider Optimization for model selection in Support Vector Machines. Three distinct scenarios were evaluated. Proposed approach validated in the context of of theft detection in power distribution systems.
Having a direct effect on network lifetime balanced energy consumption is one of the key challenges in wireless networks . In this paper we investigate the effects of node mobility on energy balancing in wireless networks . We construct a Linear Programming framework that jointly captures data routing mobility and energy dissipation aspects . We explore the design space by performing numerical analysis using the developed LP framework . Our results show that mobility has significant effects on the energy dissipation trends of wireless nodes . Mobility can improve the energy balancing up to a certain level however extreme mobility may lead to a degradation in energy balancing of wireless networks . 


Summary: Utilizing mobility for energy balancing is the key insight of our work. We construct a Linear Programming LP framework that jointly captures data routing mobility and energy dissipation aspects. Mobility can improve the energy balancing up to a certain level. We delineate future research opportunities in the area.
A novel non intrusive reduced order model for fluid structure interaction has been developed . The model is based on proper orthogonal decomposition and radial basis function interpolation method . The method is independent of the governing equations therefore it does not require modifications to the source code . This is the first time that a NIROM was constructed for FSI phenomena using POD and RBF interpolation method . Another novelty of this work is the first implementation of the FSI NIROM under the framework of an unstructured mesh finite element multi phase model and a combined finite discrete element method based solid model . The capability of this new NIROM for FSI is numerically illustrated in three coupling simulations a one way coupling case a two way coupling case and a vortex induced vibration of an elastic beam test case . It is shown that the FSI NIROM results in a large CPU time reduction by several orders of magnitude while the dominant details of the high fidelity model are captured . 


Summary: First non intrusive reduced order model for fluid structure interactions. First implementation of such NIROM to a combined fluid FLUIDTY and solid Y2D models. The POD RBF NIROM does not require any change knowledge of original code. First demonstration of NIROM in one and two way fluid and solid coupling cases. A large reduction in the CPU computation cost by 5 6 orders of magnitude while the accuracy of the solutions is maintained.
While the interest in higher order models in physics and mechanics grows their numerical simulation still poses a challenge especially for arbitrary shaped three dimensional domains . This contribution presents the mathematical framework as well as the application to different problems in the field of material science fracture mechanics and diffusion problems . All models under consideration require at least continuity which prevents the application of standard finite element analysis and local mesh refinements . Introducing isogeometric analysis for the discretization in a finite element framework enables us to deal with these requirements . Moreover a general hierarchical refinement scheme based on a subdivision projection is presented here for one two and three dimensional simulations . This technique allows to enhance the approximation space using finer splines on each level but preserves the partition of unity as well as the continuity properties of the original discretization . Using this mathematical framework the improved convergence of a Kuramoto Sivashinsky model a mesh adapted thermal diffusion simulation and computations of a priori unknown crack propagation in different fracture modes underline the versatility of the presented hierarchical refinement scheme . 


Summary: We present a hierarchical refinement scheme for isogeometric analysis. We investigate different higher order phase field models. A Kuramoto Sivashinsky system. A higher order phase field approach to 3D brittle fracture. A higher order temperature controlled diffusion in polymer blends.
Homeland security represents one of the most relevant application contexts for smart cities attracting the interest of both authorities and the research community . In case of a crisis event occurring in the urban area authorities are responsible for effectively managing response operations . A critical challenge in emergency management is the lack of real time coordinated reaction capabilities driven by integrated decision making facilities based on the information obtained by first responders acting on the crisis site . This work aims at supporting coordinated emergency management in smart cities based on the localization of first responders during crisis events . We present a hybrid cloud architecture for managing computing and storage resources needed by command control activities in emergency scenarios complemented by a first responder localization service relying on a novel positioning approach which combines the strength of signals received from landmarks placed by first responders on the crisis site with information obtained from motion sensors . 


Summary: Emergency management solution for smart cities based on a hybrid decentralized service oriented cloud platform. Uses mobile communication and smart sensing facilities for managing command control activities in urban areas. Supports a first responder localization service based on a hybrid positioning approach that combines Landmark based and Landmark free systems and leverages cloud facilities. Such approach relies on both the strength of signals received from landmark nodes and information gathered from motion sensors.
Parallelization of task is considered to be a huge challenge for future extreme scale computing system. Sophisticated parallel computing system necessitates solving the bus contention in a most efficient manner with high computation rate. The major challenge to deal with is the achievement of high CPU core usage through increased task parallelism by keeping moderate bus bandwidth allocation. In order to tackle the aforesaid problems a novel arbitration technique known as Parallel Adaptive Arbitration PAA has been proposed for the masters designed according to the traffic behaviour of the data flow. These masters are implemented using a synthetic benchmark program that measures sustainable memory bandwidth and the corresponding computational rate. The proposed arbitration technique is a strong case in favour of fair bandwidth optimization and high CPU utilization as it consumes the processor cores up to 77 through high degree of task parallelization and also reduces bandwidth fluctuation. Some of the works published so far in this area are reviewed classified according to their objectives and presented in an organised manner with a conclusion. 


Summary: If we understand Moore s law and Amdahl s law then we can conclude that increasing number of CPU cores in a computing system is of no use just to attain high computation rate. We have designed a new arbitration technique which can use the CPU cores in a most optimised manner and can achieve high degree of task parallelism. The designed arbitration technique is superior to other existing arbitration technique in terms of CPU usage bandwidth optimization and latency. The designed arbitration technique has been tested using high performance benchmark program to analyse its efficiency.
The effect of 1 3 5 Trisbenzene doping on electroluminescent properties of poly N N bisbenzidine was investigated . A series of organic light emitting devices integrated with single layer poly TPD blended single layer poly TPD TPBi or bilayer poly TPD TPBi were fabricated and characterized . An excimer emission band at 500nm was found in the poly TPD film poly TPD TPBi blend film and poly TPD TPBi bilayer film . It was observed that the planar geometry of poly TPD was related to the formation of excimers . The electromer emission which was absent in photoluminescence was investigated by applying an external electrical field to devices with non doped and TPBi doped poly TPD . Only the electromer emission was observed in the devices with TPBi doped poly TPD due to the impeded intrinsic and excimer emissions . The planar geometry of poly TPD molecules may be destroyed due to the longer inter ion distance with the doping of TPBi . 


Summary: Excimer emission is observed in the solid doped and un doped poly TPD film. Monomer excimer and electromer emission are obtained in the devices with single layer poly TPD or bilayer poly TPD TPBi. Single electromer emission is acquired in TPBi doped poly TPD OLEDs. Electromer emission is increased under high TPBi contentation and electric field.
We develop a method for computing all the generalized asymptotes of a real plane algebraic curve implicitly defined by an irreducible polynomial . The approach is based on the notion of perfect curve introduced from the concepts and results presented in Blasco and P rez D az . In addition we study some properties concerning perfect curves and in particular we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a plane curve to be perfect . Finally we show that the equivalent class of generalized asymptotes for a branch of a plane curve can be described as an affine space for a certain m . 


Summary: We introduce the notions of perfect curve and generalized asymptote g asymptote . We provide an algorithm that computes a g asymptote for each infinity branch of an algebraic plane curve. We state necessary and sufficient conditions for a curve to be perfect. We propose a method to obtain under general conditions all the g asymptotes approaching a given infinity branch.
We report on the temperature dependence of dielectric properties of nematic liquid crystals impregnated with BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles . The behavior of ion transport at low frequencies is discussed by means of dielectric spectroscopy which allows the ionic concentration and the relaxation time of electrode polarization to be deduced . The experimental results imply that the ferroelectric nanoparticles can not only increase the traveling time of ions between two electrodes but also suppress the buildup of the electric double layers . Verified by the voltage holding ratio of cells containing various contents of BTO nanoparticles it is obvious that doping BTO into liquid crystals is a low cost and easy way to improve the device performance . 


Summary: Electric and dielectric properties of BTO FNPs dispersed in E44 have been studied. BTO FNPs suppress the ion transport lowering the mobile ion concentration by 50 . BTO FNPs prolong the electrode polarization relaxation time up to 16 times. BTO FNPs as a dopant promote the voltage holding ratio up to twice higher.