varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
The increased number of renewable power plants pose threat to power system balance . Their intermittent nature makes it very difficult to predict power output thus either additional reserve power plants or new storage and control technologies are required . Traditional spinning reserve can not fully compensate sudden changes in renewable energy power generation . Using new storage technologies such as flow batteries it is feasible to balance the variations in power and voltage within very short period of time . This paper summarises the controlled use of hybrid flow battery thermal and hydro power plant system to support wind power plants to reach near perfect balance i.e . make the total power output as close as possible to the predicted value . It also investigates the possibility of such technology to take part in the balance of the Lithuanian power system . A dynamic model of flow battery is demonstrated where it evaluates the main parameters such as power energy reaction time and efficiency . The required battery size is tested based on range of thermal and hydro power plant reaction times . This work suggests that power and energy of a reasonable size flow battery is sufficient to correct the load and wind power imbalance . 


Summary: We modelled hybrid power system with flow battery hydro and thermal power plants. The forecasted and actual wind power data were used from Lithuanian power system. An optimal low pass filter time constants are determined using objective function. Results depict the required power and capacity ratings of flow battery.
SpiNNaker is a biologically inspired massively parallel computer designed to model up to a billion spiking neurons in real time . A full fledged implementation of a SpiNNaker system will comprise more than 105 integrated circuits . Given this scale it is unavoidable that some components fail and in consequence fault tolerance is a foundation of the system design . Although the target application can tolerate a certain low level of failures important efforts have been devoted to incorporate different techniques for fault tolerance . This paper is devoted to discussing how hardware and software mechanisms collaborate to make SpiNNaker operate properly even in the very likely scenario of component failures and how it can tolerate system degradation levels well above those expected . 


Summary: Discussion of chip level fault tolerance of SpiNNaker s design. The implemented software improves fault tolerance by providing diagnostics and reconfiguration. Exploration of communication level fault tolerance and its effects on system scalability. Wide range of experiments showing that SpiNNaker is highly resilient to failures.
Minimum angle of resolution was measured for the grating which consisted of lines of two colors selected from Red Green Blue White and Black . Method of two alternative forced choice was used where the participants were asked to answer the direction of the color grating of the horizontal or vertical directions . From the measured psychometric function of the ratio of the correct answers MAR which corresponded to the threshold of 75 correct answer ratio was determined . MAR of the grating patches with more than one primary color was measured to be affected by the combination of colors and to be 10 30 larger than that of the grating patch of White Black . While the resolving power for Blue pattern had been known to be worse than those for Green and Red patterns MAR of the grating including Blue was not always the worst . 


Summary: Minimum angle of resolution MAR is measured for colored grating. Colored grating consists of two colors from R G B White and Black. MAR is the smallest for grating of White and Black. MAR for grating with Blue is not always smaller than grating with other colors.
Cholesteric liquid crystals have been extensively studied due to their unique self organized helical molecular structures and selective Bragg reflection properties which exhibit great potentials for color displays and other practical applications . When functional nanoscale molecular switches are doped in liquid crystals the phases of the LCs or the molecular structures of the Ch LCs can be changed upon the influence of external stimuli such as light and temperature . In this paper the photoresponsive molecular switch based LCs for display applications are reviewed . The progress and effort in developing molecular switches the principles of light tuning photo addressed color displays information processing bistable displays and flexible displays are presented . 


Summary: Functional nanoscale molecular switches used in liquid crystals are reviewed. Molecular switch based liquid crystal displays are discussed. Principles of molecular switch based liquid crystal displays are presented.
In this paper an interleaved step up converter with a single capacitor snubber for PV energy conversion applications is proposed . The step up converter adopts two sets of boost converters with an interleaved fashion and coupled inductor technology to reduce output ripple current and increase output power level . To achieve higher conversion efficiency and reduce switching losses of the proposed converter a lossless single capacitor turn off snubber is introduced . Therefore the conversion efficiency can be increased significantly . In order to draw the maximum power from the PV arrays a perturbation and observation method and a microcontroller are associated to implement maximum power point tracking algorithm and power regulating scheme . Finally a prototype of a soft switching interleaved soft switching boost converter with coupled inductors has been built and implemented . Experimental results have obtained to verify the performance and feasibility of the proposed converter for PV arrays applications . 


Summary: This paper presents an interleaved soft switching step up converter for PV arrays applications. The perturbation and observation method is adopted to extract the maximum power of PV arrays. The proposed circuit structure uses a lossless single capacitor turn off snubber to increase efficiency. The proposed power system is suitable for renewable energy conversion applications.
This paper presents a novel image restoration algorithm using examples and truncated constrained least squares filter for ultra high definition television systems . The proposed approach consists of three steps generation of the patch dictionary using multiple step image blurring selection of the optimum patch based on the orientation and the amount of blurring and combination of the selected patch in the dictionary and its filtered version by the TCLS restoration filter for reducing the patch mismatch error . In the proposed algorithm a complicated point spread function estimation process is replaced with the generation of multiple differently blurred patches . Furthermore the patch dictionary is made by orientation based classification to reduce the time to search the optimum patch . Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can restore more natural images with less synthetic artifacts than existing methods . The proposed method provides a significantly improved restoration performance over existing methods in the sense of both subjective and objective measures including peak to peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity measure . 


Summary: This paper presents restoration method using examples and TCLS filter for UHD image. The proposed method can be used for wide range of consumer imaging systems. In order to reduce the search time patch is classified based on the edge orientation.
In this paper we proposed a novel method to embed a series of ternary secret data into a cover image based on an improved Least Significant Bit scheme using the modulo three strategy . Our new method can hide two ternary numbers into each grayscale pixel normally only modify the two LSBs of the pixel while it may cause overflow underflow and a carry borrow . We solve these problems by adding 1 to the pixel or subtracting 1 from the pixel before embedding . The embedding capacity of our method can be 3.1699bpp . At the same time the quality of the stego image of our new method also is better than traditional LSB scheme when the embedding capacity is greater than 3bpp with a Peak Signal to Noise Ratio greater than 37dB . Extensive experimental results indicated that our new method is capable of getting a higher PSNR than traditional LSB scheme when the embedding capacity is greater than 3bpp and it has higher resistance ability against the chosen steganalysis algorithm when the embedding capacity is low . 


Summary: We proposed a novel method to embed a series of ternary secret data based on LSB. The proposed scheme can hide two ternary numbers into each grayscale pixel normally only modify the two LSBs of the pixel. Our proposed scheme has higher resistance ability and achieves a higher PSNR.
For an arbitrary degree B zier curve we first establish sufficient conditions for its control polygon to become homeomorphic to via subdivision . This is extended to show a subdivided control polygon that is ambient isotopic to . We provide closed form formulas to compute the corresponding number of iterations for equivalence under homeomorphism and ambient isotopy . The development of these a priori values was motivated by application to high performance computing where providing estimates of total run time is important for scheduling . 


Summary: We establish ambiently isotopic control polygons for B zier curves via subdivision. We provide closed form formulas for the required number of subdivision iterations. The results are being applied in computer animation.
This paper discusses state of the art tactile displays fabricated by a micro electronic mechanical system . A tactile display conveys tactile sensations to users by using actuators . Traditional tactile displays consist of large size actuators such as a motor or an ultrasound vibrator to convey tactile feedback by vibration . In addition the tactile sensation of traditional displays has poor resolution . Microelectromechanical system technology which is a miniature fabrication process enables etching sputtering and assembling of miniature structures . Recently the technology was applied to tactile displays . For example shape memory alloy actuators are widely used in tactile displays to convey roughness or vibration . The actuators are fabricated by a sputtering process and then thinned . The displays convey various tactile sensations including feedback and tactile sensations of objects such as paper or wood . This paper is a review of tactile displays fabricated by MEMS technology . We also describe the fabrication processes and stimulation methods to present the potential and applications of the displays . 


Summary: This paper describes tactile displays with MEMS technology. Tactile displays represent tactile sensation with various simulation methods. We classify the displays according to tactile sensation presented on them and describe them.
We examine the problem of computing exactly the Voronoi diagram of a set of possibly intersecting smooth convex pseudo circles in the Euclidean plane given in parametric form . Pseudo circles are sites every pair of which has at most two intersecting points . The Voronoi diagram is constructed incrementally . Our first contribution is to propose robust and efficient algorithms under the exact computation paradigm for all required predicates thus generalizing earlier algorithms for non intersecting ellipses . Second we focus on InCircle which is the hardest predicate and express it by a simple sparse polynomial system which allows for an efficient implementation by means of successive Sylvester resultants and a new factorization lemma . The third contribution is our cgal based c software for the case of possibly intersecting ellipses which is the first exact implementation for the problem . Our code spends about a minute to construct the Voronoi diagram of 200 ellipses when few degeneracies occur . It is faster than the cgal segment Voronoi diagram when ellipses are approximated by k gons for 15 and a state of the art implementation of the Voronoi diagram of points when each ellipse is approximated by more than 1250 points . 


Summary: Exact Voronoi diagram of smooth convex pseudo circles via dual Delaunay graph. Geometric and algebraic analysis of required predicates. Complete exact and efficient c implementation for intersecting ellipses. Novel combination of symbolic numeric techniques.
Modern interfaces increasingly rely on screens filled with digital text to display information to users . Previous research has shown that even relatively subtle differences in the design of the on screen typeface can influence to device glance time in a measurable and meaningful way . Here we outline a methodology for rapidly and flexibly investigating the legibility of typefaces on digital screens in glance like contexts and apply this method to a comparison of 5 Simplified Chinese typefaces . We find that the legibility of the typefaces measured as the minimum presentation time needed to read character strings accurately and respond to a yes no lexical decision task is sensitive to differences in the typeface s design characteristics . The most legible typeface under study could be read 33.1 faster than the least legible typeface in this glance induced context . A second study examined two different weights of the MT YingHei type family as well as two contrast polarity conditions to investigate how these variations impact legibility thresholds . Results indicate that bold weight text is easier to read in this enforced glance like context and that positive polarity text is easier to read compared to white on black text under the lighting conditions considered . These results are discussed in terms of contextual factors that may mediate glance reading behavior as well as how type design interacts with the practical limitations of a moderate density pixel grid . 


Summary: This study examines aspects of the legibility of Chinese digital typography. Legibility was measured as the amount of time needed to read text accurately. Typeface style weight and contrast polarity were compared across two studies. Hei style type set in bold weight in positive contrast was the most legible. Findings have implications for optimal rendering of text on digital displays.
We report a screen printing fabrication process for large area electrowetting display devices using polyimide based materials . The poly was selected as hydrophobic insulator layer and relatively hydrophilic polyimide as grids material . EWD devices that use poly as hydrophobic insulator fabricated with conventional methods showed good and reversible electrowetting performance on both single droplet level and device level which showed its potential application in EWDs . The compatibility of polyimide based materials and hydrophilic polyimide guarantee the good adhesion between two layers and the capability of printable fabrication . To this end the hydrophilic grids have been successfully built on hydrophobic layer by screen printing directly . The resulting EWD devices showed good switch performance and relatively high yield . Compared to conventional method the polyimide based materials and method offer the advantages of simple cheap and fast fabrication and are especially suitable for large area display fabrication . 


Summary: Poly imide siloxane film demonstrated good electrowetting performance. Polyimide based hydrophobic material poly imide siloxane and hydrophilic polyimide showed good compatibility. Hydrophilic polyimide grids could be directly built on the hydrophobic poly imide siloxane film by screen printing. Cheaper materials and simpler fabrication method have been demonstrated for electrowetting displays.
With the rapid proliferation of data centers their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have significantly increased . Some efforts have been made to control and lower energy consumption of data centers such as proportional energy consuming hardware dynamic provisioning and virtualization machine techniques . However it is still common that many servers and network resources are often underutilized and idle servers spend a large portion of their peak power consumption . We first build a novel model of virtual network embedding in order to minimize energy usage in data centers for both computing and network resources by taking practical factors into consideration . Due to the NP hardness of the proposed model we develop a heuristic algorithm for virtual network scheduling and mapping . In doing so we specifically take the expected energy consumption at different times virtual network operation and future migration costs and a data center architecture into consideration . Our extensive evaluation results show that our algorithm could reduce energy consumption up to 40 and take up to a 57 higher number of virtual network requests over other existing virtual mapping schemes . 


Summary: We formulate energy efficient virtual network embedding that incorporates energy costs of operation and migration for nodes and links. We prove the NP hardness of the problem and develop a heuristic algorithm to minimize the energy consumption. We consider a practical intra DC architecture to further improve energy efficiency. We conduct extensive evaluations and comparisons with existing algorithms to show that the proposed algorithm substantially saves energy consumption and allows high acceptance ratios.
Simulation of in vivo cellular processes with the reaction diffusion master equation is a computationally expensive task . Our previous software enabled simulation of inhomogeneous biochemical systems for small bacteria over long time scales using the MPD RDME method on a single GPU . Simulations of larger eukaryotic systems exceed the on board memory capacity of individual GPUs and long time simulations of modest sized cells such as yeast are impractical on a single GPU . We present a new multi GPU parallel implementation of the MPD RDME method based on a spatial decomposition approach that supports dynamic load balancing for workstations containing GPUs of varying performance and memory capacity . We take advantage of high performance features of CUDA for peer to peer GPU memory transfers and evaluate the performance of our algorithms on state of the art GPU devices . We present parallel efficiency and performance results for simulations using multiple GPUs as system size particle counts and number of reactions grow . We also demonstrate multi GPU performance in simulations of the Min protein system in E. coli . Moreover our multi GPU decomposition and load balancing approach can be generalized to other lattice based problems . 


Summary: Larger and longer simulations of biological RDMEs with multiple GPUs. Spatial decomposition allows for simulation of large cellular volumes. Multi GPU performance allows an increase in particle counts and reactions. Load balancing optimizes for heterogeneity in lattice sites and GPU hardware.
We investigate the effect of the metal pattern shape on the starburst phenomenon of touch screen panels based on opaque metallic grids . It is demonstrated that a standalone random metal grid can suppress the starburst phenomenon to a great extent . By way of ray tracing simulation we have found that specular reflection of light on the gentle slope of the patterned edges of metallic grids contributes to the generation of starburst patterns . It is also addressed that employing a light absorbing material and increasing metal grid spacing can reduce the intensity of starburst patterns . 


Summary: We examine the effect of metal meshes on the starburst phenomenon of touch panels. The gentle slope of the patterned edges generates the starburst patterns. The starburst patterns were suppressed substantially by a light absorbing material. A random metal grid shows many but weakened threadlike beams.
A malicious alteration of system provided timeline can negatively affect the reliability of computer forensics. Indeed detecting such changes and possibly reconstructing the correct timeline of events is of paramount importance for court admissibility and logical coherence of collected evidence. However reconstructing the correct timeline for a set of network nodes can be difficult since an adversary has a wealth of opportunities to disrupt the timeline and to generate a fake one. This aspect is exacerbated in cloud computing where host and guest machine time can be manipulated in various ways by an adversary. Therefore it is important to guarantee the integrity of the timeline of events for cloud host and guest nodes or at least to ensure that timeline alterations do not go undetected. This paper provides several contributions. First we survey the issues related to cloud machine time reliability. Then we introduce a novel architecture CURE aimed at providing timeline resilience to cloud nodes. Further we implement the proposed framework and extensively test it on both a simulated environment and on a real cloud. We evaluate and discuss collected results showing the effectiveness of our proposal. 


Summary: Cloud time alteration attack scenarios consequences and countermeasures have been surveyed. A novel cloud simulator has been designed implemented and released as open source. CURE architecture can detect Timeline of Events alterations to aid a forensic investigation process. A real world deployment of CURE has been tested on a public cloud. Measured performance figures support CURE viability.
It has been shown that multisensory presentation can improve perception attention and object memory compared with unisensory presentation . Consequently we expect that multisensory presentation of landmarks can improve spatial memory and navigation . In this study we tested the effect of visual auditory and combined landmark presentations in virtual mazes on spatial memory and spatial navigation . Nineteen participants explored four different virtual mazes consisting of nodes with landmarks and corridors connecting them . Each maze was explored for 90s . After each exploration participants performed the following tasks in fixed order draw a map of the maze recall adjacent landmarks for three given landmarks place all landmarks on the map of the maze and find their way through the maze to locate five given landmarks in fixed order . Our study shows significant effects of multisensory versus unisensory landmarks for the maze drawing task the adjacency task and the wayfinding task . Our results suggest that audiovisual landmark presentations improve spatial memory and spatial navigation performance in virtual environments . 


Summary: We compare navigating virtual mazes with visual auditory and combined landmarks. We examine changes in spatial memory tasks and way finding performance. Audiovisual landmark presentation yields the best performance for map drawing landmark recollection and wayfinding.