varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
Software Defined Networking has been widely recognized as a promising way to deploy new services and protocols in future networks . The ability to program the network enables applications to create innovative new services inside the network itself . However current SDN programmability comes with downsides that could hinder its adoption and deployment . First in order to offer complete control today s SDN networks provide low level API s on which almost any type of service can be written . Because the starting point is a set of low level API calls implementing high level complex services needed by future network applications becomes a challenging task . Second the set of emerging SDN technologies that are beginning to appear have little in common with one another making it difficult to set up a flow that traverses multiple SDN technologies providers . In this paper we propose a new way to set up SDN networks spanning multiple SDN providers . The key to our approach is a Network Hypervisor service . The Network Hypervisor offers high level abstractions and APIs that greatly simplify the task of creating complex SDN network services . Moreover the Network Hypervisor is capable of internetworking various SDN providers together under a single interface abstraction so that applications can establish end to end flows without the need to see or deal with the differences between SDN providers . 


Summary: A new HyperNet abstraction to help an average user create special purpose SDNs. A HyperNet architecture is developed to support a HyperNet. A Network Hypervisor service that provides high level HyperNet APIs. A MobileNet HyperNet is implemented to demonstrate our design. MobileNet greatly enhances the communication performance for mobile devices.
Cognitive radio refers to an intelligent radio with the capability of sensing the radio environment and dynamically reconfiguring the operating parameters . Recent research has focused on using cognitive radios in ad hoc environments . Spectrum sensing is the most important aspect of successful cognitive radio ad hoc network deployment to overcome spectrum scarcity . Multiple cognitive radio users can cooperate to sense the primary user and improve sensing performance . Cognitive radio ad hoc networks are dynamic in nature and have no central point for data fusion . In this paper gradient based fully distributed cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio is proposed for ad hoc networks . The licensed band used for TV transmission is considered the primary user . The gradient field changes with the energy sensed by cognitive radios and the gradient is calculated based on the components which include energy sensed by secondary users and received from neighbors . The proposed scheme was evaluated from the perspective of reliable sensing convergence time and energy consumption . Simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme . 


Summary: A novel gradient based fully distributed cooperative sensing scheme is proposed. A consensus based algorithm is used to handle the network model with a fixed graph. The proposed scheme does not require any prior knowledge of network topology. Energy consumption and the number of exchanged messages are reduced significantly. The proposed and consensus based schemes are compared through simulations.
Modern liquid crystal displays require novel technologies such as new alignment methods to eliminate alignment layers fast response and long operation time . To this end we report an overview of recent efforts in LCD technologies devoted to realize more display modes having no alignment layer faster switching time and low battery consumption . In particular we overview recent advances on the liquid crystals alignment for display applications which includes superfine nanostructures polymeric microchannels and polymer stabilized LCs . Furthermore we analyze the main optical and electro optical properties of new generation LCDs displays addressing a particular attention to LCs blue phase hosting gold nanoparticles . Moreover we focus on the progress of electrofluidic displays which demonstrates characteristics that are similar to LCDs with attention on various pixel designs operation principles and possible future trends of the technology . 


Summary: Surfactant free LCD based on periodic structures realized though nanoimprint lithography and interference holography. LCD based on LCs blue phase and gold nanoparticles. Electrowetting technology for displays applications.
Location aware applications are one of the biggest innovations brought by the smartphone era and are effectively changing our everyday lives . But we are only starting to grasp the privacy risks associated with constant tracking of our whereabouts . In order to continue using location based services in the future without compromising our privacy and security we need new privacy friendly applications and protocols . In this paper we propose a new compact data structure based on Bloom filters designed to store location information . The spatial Bloom filter as we call it is designed with privacy in mind and we prove it by presenting two private positioning protocols based on the new primitive . The protocols keep the user s exact position private but allow the provider of the service to learn when the user is close to specific points of interest or inside predefined areas . At the same time the points and areas of interest remain oblivious to the user . The two proposed protocols are aimed at different scenarios a two party setting in which communication happens directly between the user and the service provider and a three party setting in which the service provider outsources to a third party the communication with the user . A detailed evaluation of the efficiency and security of our solution shows that privacy can be achieved with minimal computational and communication overhead . The potential of spatial Bloom filters in terms of generality security and compactness makes them ready for deployment and may open the way for privacy preserving location aware applications . 


Summary: We define a new data structure for location privacy based on bloom filters. We provide two privacy preserving protocols for location aware services. We prove the security of the protocols and we analyze their efficiency. We provide a thorough evaluation of the data structure and we simulate the protocols.
After the appearance of digital broadcasting realistic images such as 3D and high resolution broadcasting are rapidly developing and evolving . And recent trend emphasizes not only viewing the information but also using it through the display media . To keep up with this trend large size display manufacturers are trying to support resolution beyond the full HD in order to display additional information and high definition broadcasting at the same time . In this paper we present a 21 9 cinema mode resolution function using two ICs that support full HD for Plasma Display Panels which is one of the largest flat display panels . In order to achieve this we first set the master and the slave between the two ICs and propose an efficient information exchange and computation scheme using serial communication that links the master and the slave . Furthermore we realize the cinema function with 21 9 resolution through image quality processing and operational parameter exchange and computation in the boundary that is set between the master and the slave . Finally the cinema mode image realized using the hardware circuit board is demonstrated . 


Summary: A 21 9 cinema mode function is implemented by using two ICs that support full HD. We propose efficient information change and computation scheme between two ICs. This scheme has an advantage of reducing the SOC development cost. Not only the 2560 1080 but also can be applied to the 4K 2K resolution.
A method to construct arbitrary order continuous curves which pass through a given set of data points is introduced . The method can derive a new family of symmetric interpolating splines with various nice properties such as partition of unity interpolation property local support and second order precision etc . Applying these new splines to construct curves and surfaces one can adjust the shape of the constructed curve and surface locally by moving some interpolating points or by inserting new interpolating points . Constructing closed smooth curves and surfaces and smooth joining curves and surfaces also become very simple in particular for constructing continuous closed surfaces by using the repeating technique . These operations mentioned do not require one to solve a system of equations . The resulting curves or surfaces are directly expressed by the basis spline functions . Furthermore the method can also directly produce control points of the interpolating piecewise B zier curves or tensor product B zier surfaces by using matrix formulas . Some examples are given to support the conclusions . 


Summary: A method to construct interpolating curves and surfaces is introduced. A new family of interpolating splines is obtained. Formulas to obtain B zier control points are given in matrix form. Avoid to solve a system of equations for obtaining closed surfaces.
Content Distribution Networks are networks that make intense use of caching and multicast overlay techniques for transmitting video and other stream media a type of traffic that has been growing tremendously in the last years . To cope with this increasing demand several telecommunications companies have been associated to create federated CDNs that involves many different providers and hence distinct domains . Although beneficial in terms of increased capillarity and scalability of service delivery the interaction between FCDN elements from different providers brings many new challenges . Among them one that has received little attention so far refers to security an essential service for preventing the misuse of the FCDN resources . Aiming to tackle this issue this paper presents the Overlay Communication Protocol a security mechanism that allows the secure signaling communication in FCDNs . OCP takes into account all elements involved in the content delivery process addressing Route Forgery attacks and concealing the network structure from potential attackers . Together with the protocol description and security analysis we also present experimental results on its implementation showing that it introduces little impact on the overall network performance . 


Summary: Discussion of security issues in Federated Content Distribution Networks FCDNs . Proposal of security protocol for signaling communications in FCDNs. Security and performance analyses of the proposed protocol.
This paper reviews several optical connecting devices that are based on microelectromechanical systems components . In this paper we divide optical connecting devices into two categories . The first category includes MEMS based optical switches developed for optical fiber communication which perform optical switching wavelength division multiplexing routing and or optical cross connection . The other category consists of MEMS based optical interconnects that have been constructed primarily for use in rack to rack board to board chip to chip card to card and or intra chip interface connections . Working principles of these MEMS optical connecting devices will also be discussed in this paper . 


Summary: This paper reviews several optical connecting devices that are based on microelectromechanical systems MEMS components. The reviewed MEMS based optical connecting devices are divided into two categories optical switches and optical interconnects. Working principles of these optical connecting devices are discussed.
Human motion retrieval plays an important role in many motion data based applications. In the past many researchers tended to use a single type of visual feature as data representation. Because different visual feature describes different aspects about motion data and they have dissimilar discriminative power with respect to one particular class of human motion it led to poor retrieval performance. Thus it would be beneficial to combine multiple visual features together for motion data representation. In this article we present an Adaptive Multi view Feature Selection AMFS method for human motion retrieval. Specifically we first use a local linear regression model to automatically learn multiple view based Laplacian graphs for preserving the local geometric structure of motion data. Then these graphs are combined together with a non negative view weight vector to exploit the complementary information between different features. Finally in order to discard the redundant and irrelevant feature components from the original high dimensional feature representation we formulate the objective function of AMFS as a general trace ratio optimization problem and design an effective algorithm to solve the corresponding optimization problem. Extensive experiments on two public human motion database i.e. HDM05 and MSR Action3D demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed AMFS over the state of art methods for motion data retrieval. The scalability with large motion dataset and insensitivity with the algorithm parameters make our method can be widely used in real world applications. 


Summary: An Adaptive Multi view Feature Selection AMFS algorithm is proposed to fuse multiple features formotion data retrieval. The local regression model isused to learn a datum adaptive graph for each feature to preserve local structure information. The selection matrix is learnt from all local graphs by exploiting the complementary information between different features. An efficient iterative optimization approach is designed to solve objective function represented in trace ratio form.
This survey paper is an excerpt of a more comprehensive study on Smart Grid and the role of Advanced Metering Infrastructure in SG . The survey was carried out as part of a feasibility study for creation of a Net Zero community in a city in Ontario Canada . SG is not a single technology rather it is a combination of different areas of engineering communication and management . This paper introduces AMI technology and its current status as the foundation of SG which is responsible for collecting all the data and information from loads and consumers . AMI is also responsible for implementing control signals and commands to perform necessary control actions as well as Demand Side Management . In this paper we introduce SG and its features establish the relation between SG and AMI explain the three main subsystems of AMI and discuss related security issues . 


Summary: Advances in Metering Infrastructure in Smart Grid. Comprehensive survey on control actions for load demand. Distributed Energy Resources and improvement of delivered power quality.
Barrier coverage is one of the most important applications of wireless sensor networks . It is used to detect mobile objects are entering into the boundary of a sensor network field . Energy efficiency is one of the main concerns in barrier coverage for wireless sensor networks and its solution can be widely used in sensor barrier applications such as intrusion detectors and border security . In this work we take the energy efficiency as objectives of the study on barrier coverage . The cost in the present paper can be any performance measurement and normally is defined as any resource which is consumed by sensor barrier . In this paper barrier coverage problem is modeled based on stochastic coverage graph first . Then a distributed learning automata based method is proposed to find a near optimal solution to the stochastic barrier coverage problem . The stochastic barrier coverage problem seeks to find minimum required number of sensor nodes to construct sensor barrier path . To study the performance of the proposed method computer simulations are conducted . The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the greedy based algorithm and optimal method in terms of number of network barrier paths . 


Summary: Proposing a new approach to barrier coverage in wireless sensor network. Modeling barrier coverage with stochastic edge weighted graph. Finding an optimal solution for the network stochastic edge weighted coverage graph. Comparing the performance of the proposed method with the greedy and optimal methods.
The invariant of a rational space curve gives important information about the curve . In this paper we describe the structure of all parameterizations that have the same type what we call a stratum and as well the closure of strata . Many of our results are based on papers by the second author that appeared in the commutative algebra literature . We also present new results including an explicit formula for the codimension of the locus of non proper parametrizations within each stratum and a decomposition of the smallest stratum based on which two dimensional rational normal scroll the curve lies on . 


Summary: We compute dimension of each stratum. The closure of each stratum is explicitly given as a union of smaller strata. Non proper parametrizations are of high codimension in each stratum. The smallest stratum is further stratified by rational normal scrolls.
In this study enhancements to the numerical representation of sluice gates and turbines were made to the hydro environmental model Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code and applied to the Severn Tidal Power Group Cardiff Weston Barrage . The extended domain of the EFDC Continental Shelf Model allows far field hydrodynamic impact assessment of the Severn Barrage pre and post enhancement to demonstrate the importance of accurate hydraulic structure representation . The enhancements were found to significantly affect peak water levels in the Bristol Channel reducing levels by nearly 1m in some areas and even affect predictions as far field as the West Coast of Scotland albeit to a far lesser extent . The model was tested for sensitivity to changes in the discharge coefficient C used in calculating discharge through sluice gates and turbines . It was found that the performance of the Severn Barrage is not sensitive to changes to the C value and is mitigated through the continual rather than instantaneous discharge across the structure . The EFDC CSM can now be said to be more accurately predicting the impacts of tidal range proposals and the investigation of sensitivity to C improves the confidence in the modelling results despite the uncertainty in this coefficient . 


Summary: Enhancements made to numerical representation of hydraulic structures in EFDC. New representation has greatly affected the predicted impact of the Severn Barrage. Enhancements allow 1st accurate assessment of far field impacts of Severn Barrage. Sensitivity testing demonstrated that uncertainty in C value is not significant. Uncertainty in the C value can be mitigated through increased sluice capacity.
This paper proposes a three phase four leg voltage sourced inverter based load unbalance compensator including its control algorithm which is a component of a microgrid . The purpose of proposed three phase four leg VSI based LUC is to improve power quality of the standalone microgrid . Power quality of the microgrid which was installed in Mara island Korea is analyzed using a real operational data . In this work the microgrid in Mara island which includes a photovoltaic power generation system a diesel generator a battery energy storage system and a power management system is modeled in PSCAD EMTDC and proposed three phase four leg VSI based LUC is also modeled and applies to the modeled microgrid . Power flow and stability of the modeled microgrid with the LUC is analyzed under variable irradiance and unbalance loads . The results show that the proposed LUC helps to improve stability of the stand alone microgrid . The proposed three phase four leg VSI based LUC and its control algorithm can be effectively utilized to the stand alone microgrid which has large unbalance loads . 


Summary: This paper proposes a novel load unbalance compensator LUC for the stand alone microgrid using three phase four leg VSI. The model of a three phase four leg VSI for the LUC and the microgrid are simulated using PSCAD EMTDC. This demonstrates that the proposed LUC increases the stability of stand alone microgrid under unbalance load conditions.
T splines are a generalization of NURBS surfaces the control meshes of which allow T junctions . T splines can significantly reduce the number of superfluous control points in NURBS surfaces and provide valuable operations such as local refinement and merging of several B splines surfaces in a consistent framework . In this paper we propose a variant of T splines called Modified T splines . The basic idea is to construct a set of basis functions for a given T mesh that have the following nice properties non negativity linear independence partition of unity and compact support . Due to the good properties of the basis functions the Modified T splines are favorable both in adaptive geometric modeling and isogeometric analysis . 


Summary: We propose a variant of T splines called Modified T splines. A set of basis functions are constructed for a given T mesh. These bases have nice properties non negativity linear independence partition of unity and compact support. Modified T splines are favorable both in adaptive geometric modeling and isogeometric analysis.
Salient features in 3D meshes such as small high curvature details in the middle of largely flat regions are easily ignored by most mesh simplification methods . Nevertheless these features can be perceived by human observers as perceptually important in CAD models . Recently mesh saliency has been introduced to identify those visually interesting regions . In this paper we apply view based mesh saliency to a purely visual method for surface simplification from two approaches . In the first one we propose a new simplification error metric that considers polygonal saliency . In the second approach we use viewpoint saliency as a weighting factor of the quality of a viewpoint in the simplification algorithm . Our results show that saliency can improve the preservation of small but visually significant surfaces even in visual algorithms for surface simplification . However this comes at a price because logically some other low saliency regions in the mesh are simplified further . 


Summary: Reduce complexity in a polygonal mesh according to perception. Calculate a view based saliency map from a viewpoint information channel. Simplify the mesh with either polygonal or viewpoint saliency using a visual algorithm for surface simplification. Improvement in the visual appearance of the simplified mesh.