varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
A two dimensional tactile display for visually impaired people was fabricated and successfully operated . Character and graphic information is dynamically displayed by an array of pins in up and down positions . The contraction of shape memory alloy micro coil actuators moves the pins up and down when the SMA actuator is heated by an electrical current . A tube fabricated from magnetic material is attached to each pin and a permanent magnet accurately positions the pins in an up or down state without any feedback control . This latch mechanism overcomes problems of heat storage and electrical consumption of the SMA actuator because the current is supplied only when the pins move . The tactile display has a 100 pins array . The tactile information is displayed sequentially every 0.3s and the tactile pins are latched at 0.1N by magnetic force . The pins are arranged at a pin interval of 2.5mm and move 2mm up and down . Furthermore in order to offer tactile graphic information the interval between pins is narrow . A module for the tactile display with pin intervals of 1.27mm has also been developed . 


Summary: The tactile pins are actuated by an SMA coil actuator and latched by magnetic force. The pins remain in place even if the electrical current to the SMA actuator is cut off by the latch mechanism. The 100 pin tactile display consists of 10 stacked modules and latch parts. The magnetic latch mechanism can control the stroke of the pin accurately without any feedback control. The magnetic latch mechanism realizes lower electrical consumption and high density of the tactile pins.
By means of bond theory we study Stewart Gough platforms with n dimensional self motions with . It turns out that only architecturally singular manipulators can possess these self motions . Based on this result we present a complete list of all SG platforms which have n dimensional self motions . Therefore this paper also solves the famous Borel Bricard problem for n dimensional motions . We also give some remarks and a new result on SG platforms with 2 dimensional self motions nevertheless a full discussion of this case remains open . 


Summary: We list all Stewart Gough platforms which have n dimensional self motions with Therefore we solve the Borel Bricard problem for n dimensional motions. We also give remarks and a new result on hexapods with 2 dimensional self motions.
A new display concept for reproduction of high luminance colors based on a liquid crystal display has been developed using a brighter backlight unit and color mapping algorithms . The new concept is able to display brighter colors close to a peak luminance of a display white than conventional displays so that realistic scene of brighter colors is better reproduced . It may also be one of the future display solutions needed to extend the color gamut in the direction of brighter colors which is a principal limitation in conventional displays even in high dynamic range display systems . With the new concept an xvYCC compatible display can be easily realized . 


Summary: A new display concept for the reproduction of high luminance colors was proposed. A new display was compared with the conventional display using xvYCC and sRGB encoded images. xvYCC compatible display was realized. Impact of sRGB expansion was verified through the subjective experime.
A film insert injection compression molding process was introduced to encapsulate cholesteric liquid crystal displays with flexible and rigid lens for full protection of displays to replace the currently used time consuming hand lamination technique . For this purpose a new interchangeable cavity instrumented hot runner mold was designed and constructed . This complex method was carefully optimized considering challenges arising from an insert multilayer display with 80 liquid crystal content as well as different thermal expansion coefficients between the layers and the lens material as a high potential of delamination and warpage . Concerning the desired physical properties including transparency low melt viscosity and melting temperature as well as a wide range of hardness grades from soft to hard three different hardness grades of thermoplastic polyurethanes were found to be the best candidates for this lens application . During proposed lens encapsulation the pressure changes were evaluated with screw and mold movements using position detection via displacement transducers attached to track the mold closure and screw forward motion . The quality of encapsulation and shrinkage related problems as well as their elimination were all discussed . Display substrate material selection criteria for lowered warpage were defined with supporting thermal characterizations . Among the process parameters tested also by applying the design of experiments with Taguchi method mold temperature was found to be the most influential parameter on warpage followed by pin gate opening time packing pressure and cooling time . 


Summary: New technique developed for lens encapsulation of thin and flexible LCDs. In process pressure and thermal history collected with real time instrumentation. Display substrate options characterized according to recorded thermal history. Using PEN substrate and post process annealing found to be effective for part quality. Warpage reduced by application of process optimization technique.
Graphical abstract Robustness of the biharmonic distance from a source point which has been computed using the linear FEM mass matrix as weight with respect to tiny and missing triangles noise holes of an irregularly sampled surface with local shape artifacts . 


Summary: We study the discretization of harmonic Laplacian diffusion maps and distances. We generate spectral distances in a unified way. We focus on different Laplacian matrices initial conditions and shapes. The user can perform a large set of experiments on maps and spectral distances.
We have grown the crystals of two thiophene phenylene co oligomers composed of in line five and seven alternating thiophene and benzene rings . These TPCOs are characterized by thiophenes located at both molecular terminals . The grown crystals had several pairs of parallel crystal faces that function as optical resonators . These produced interference fringes in their emission and reflectance spectra . We measured the emission spectra in both weak broadband excitation and intense laser excitation regimes . From these spectra we determined the phase refractive index dispersion and the anisotropic group refractive indices . We made field effect transistor devices using the above TPCO crystals and carried out their electrical measurements . These optical and charge transport properties are compared with those of crystals of other alternating TPCOs with phenylenes located at both molecular terminals . 


Summary: We have grown the crystals of two thiophene phenylene co oligomers TPCOs . These TPCOs were thiophene terminated alternating oligomers. We determined their anisotropic group refractive indices and the dispersions. The properties were compared with those of phenylene terminated TPCO crystals.
Optical properties of seven regioregular poly with different alkyl side chain lengths which are poly poly poly poly poly poly and poly have been studied in the mid infrared spectral region by means of Fourier Transformation Infrared spectroscopy and IR spectroscopic ellipsometry . Absorbance spectra obtained in this fingerprint region are potential to characterize the structures formed by organic molecules in thin films due to molecular vibrations in detail . In consequence the vibrational absorption bands of these seven samples demonstrated that P3PT P3HT and P3hept exhibited very similar band profiles in contrast the stretching vibration of thiophene rings underwent a blue shift in P3BT P3OT P3DT and P3DDT . The highest value of the real part of the complex dielectric constant was obtained from P3HT on both indium thin oxide and silicon substrates whereas the imaginary part was directly affected by increasing in the alkyl side chain lengths in a frequency range around 3000cm 1 . The optical properties of P3PT in the mid IR region developed an affinity with those of P3HT . Thus P3PT is particularly a suitable polymer active material candidate for high performance devices . 


Summary: We investigate optical properties of seven regioregular P3ATs in mid IR region. We utilize FTIR spectroscopy and IRSE to obtain the optical properties. P3HT on ITO and Si substrates indicates the highest dielectric constant 1 . The imaginary part 2 is affected by increasing in the alkyl side chain lengths. The optical properties of P3PT in mid IR region show affinity with those of P3HT.
The problem of designing smoothly rounded right angle corners with Pythagorean hodograph curves is addressed . A corner can be uniquely specified as a single PH cubic segment closely approximating a circular arc . Similarly a corner can be uniquely constructed with a single PH quintic segment having a unimodal curvature distribution . To obtain corners incorporating shape freedoms that permit a fine tuning of the curvature profile PH curves of degree 7 are required . It is shown that degree 7 PH curves define a one parameter family of corners facilitating precise control over the extremum of the unimodal curvature distribution within a certain range of the parameter . As an alternative a corner construction based upon splicing together two PH quintic segments is proposed that provides two free parameters for shape adjustment . The smooth corner shapes constructed through these schemes can exploit the computational advantages of PH curves including exact computation of arc length rational offset curves and real time interpolator algorithms for motion control in manufacturing robotics inspection and similar applications . 


Summary: Pythagorean hodograph PH curves are used to round sharp corners. G2 continuity is possible with planar PH curves of degree 5 and 7. The corners admit exact offset curve and arc length computation. The PH curve corner constructions incur only quadratic equations.
Although visually impaired people are generally considered to be dependent and helpless people they actually share the same characteristics as other people . Thanks to the Braille alphabet which has been developed to reduce inequality of opportunity to minimum their lives become a little bit easier . Besides Braille alphabet there are many devices and software developed for visually impaired people . In this study a readable vocalized and refreshable Braille device which can ease the lives of visually impaired people has been developed . The results of the tests on this device with 20 visually impaired people whose ages ranged between 5 and 15 and who do not know the Braille alphabet indicated the usability rate of this device to be 81.8 . The usability rate of the device was found to be 97.16 in the tests with 30 visually impaired people whose ages ranged between 10 and 33 and who know the Braille alphabet . The durability test of the device indicated that Braille cells worked with 100 efficiency in the trials from 50 characters to 4000 characters . The device was superior both in terms of features and 35 cheaper compared to the ones available on the market . Besides it was determined that USB connection transmitted data faster compared to the Bluetooth connection . 


Summary: A new Braille device was developed for blind people. The device features are readable vocalized refreshable and multi functional. The usability rate of the device was found to be 97.16 . Blind people can read all magazines with their hands and listen all magazines with this device.
We describe a construction of LR spaces whose bases are composed of locally linearly independent B splines which also form a partition of unity . The construction conforms to given refinement requirements associated to subdomains . In contrast to the original LR paper and similarly to the hierarchical B spline framework the construction of the mesh is based on a priori choice of a sequence of nested tensor B spline spaces . 


Summary: The paper discusses bivariate LR splines with the non nested support N2S property. Conditions on LR mesh refinement for preserving this property are presented. A hierarchical construction for LR meshes with the N2S property is proposed and analyzed. We prove the completeness of LR splines on the resulting hierarchical meshes.
Polymer networks are employed in vertical aligned liquid crystal cells to stabilize the LC molecular configuration under the in plane field driving . Two different polymer morphologies respectively produced by the monofunctional and bifunctional acrylate monomers are assembled on the glass substrate surface . The enhanced electro optical performance is observed on the LC cell with bifunctional acrylate polymer networks and the appropriate display cell is developed at an optimum concentration of 2wt . This type of polymer LC cell shows the fast turn off and turn on responses at the low driving voltage which are attributed to the strong anchoring and the stable LC reorientations respectively . Furthermore around 30 improvement in the gray level response on the 2 wt TA 9164 polymer LC cell is successfully achieved as compared to the pure LC cells . 


Summary: The proposed polymer cells have the stable molecular structure at high voltages. The turn off response is improved by TA 9164 polymers with stronger anchoring. 2wt polymer concentration is the optimum selection for TA 9164 VA IPS cells. The fast turn on response at the low operating voltage 12V is demonstrated. The superior gray level response with an improvement of 30 is achieved.
Tensile fabric membranes present opportunities for efficient structures combining the cladding and support structure . Such structures must be doubly curved to resist external loads but doubly curved surfaces can not be formed from flat fabric without distorting . Computational methods of patterning are used to find the optimal composition of planar panels to generate the form but are sensitive to the models and techniques used . This paper presents a detailed discussion of and insights into the computational process of patterning . A new patterning method is proposed which uses a discrete model advanced flattening methods dynamic relaxation and re meshing to generate accurate cutting patterns . Comparisons are drawn with published methods of patterning to show the suitability of the method . 


Summary: A discussion of computational patterning is presented. A new patterning method using a discrete model is proposed. Comparisons are drawn with published results. The suitability of discrete models for patterning are demonstrated.
Multi tier networks comprising of macro cellular network overlaid with less power short range home base station like femtocells provide an economically feasible solution for meeting the unrelenting traffic demands . However femtocells that use co channel allocation with macrocells result in cross tier interference which eventually degrades the system performance . It is for this reason that cross polarized data transmission is proposed in this paper as a potential approach towards improving the spectral efficiency of cellular systems and at the same time permitting co channel allocation . Here two independent information channels occupying the same frequency band can be transmitted over a single link . The paper evaluates a scenario where femtocell network makes use of right hand circular polarization and macrocell network makes use of left hand circular polarization for signal transmission . The polarizations being orthogonal to each other due to their sense of rotation ensure isolation between the networks and enable both of them to use the same spectral resources simultaneously . Analytical and simulation results prove that this opens the scope for an easily implementable remarkable opportunity in the context of two tier femto macro network that can increase the system capacity . The paper closes by discussing the technical challenges involved in the implementation as well as the possible solutions to overcome the same . 


Summary: Cross polarized transmission for frequency reuse in femto macro networks. Femtocells use Right Hand Circular Polarization RHCP . Macrocells use Left Hand Circular Polarization LHCP . The proposed method promotes interference free operation in both tiers. It also assures better coverage higher spectral efficiency and enhanced throughput on both tiers.
We present an efficient and robust algorithm for the landmark transfer on 3D meshes that are approximately isometric. Given one or more custom landmarks placed by the user on a source mesh our method efficiently computes corresponding landmarks on a family of target meshes. The technique is useful when a user is interested in characterization and reuse of application specific landmarks on meshes of similar shape for example meshes coming from the same class of objects . Consequently across a set of multiple meshes consistency is assured among landmarks regardless of landmark geometric distinctiveness. The main advantage of our method over existing approaches is its low computation time. Differently from existing non rigid registration techniques our method detects and uses a minimum number of geometric features that are necessary to accurately locate the user defined landmarks and avoids performing unnecessary full registration. In addition unlike previous techniques that assume strict consistency with respect to geodesic distances we adopt histograms of geodesic distance to define feature point coordinates in order to handle the deviation of isometric deformation. This allows us to accurately locate the landmarks with only a small number of feature points in proximity from which we build what we call a minimal graph. We demonstrate and evaluate the quality of transfer by our algorithm on a number of Tosca data sets. 


Summary: We present a method for the landmark transfer on 3D meshes that are nearly isometric. One or more custom landmarks are placed by the user on a source mesh. Our method efficiently computes corresponding landmarks on a family of target meshes. For each landmark we construct a minimal graph that accurately locates the landmark. We adopt modified histograms of geodesic distance to consistently locate a landmark.
The purpose of this paper is to present algorithms for computing all the differential geometry properties of non transversal intersection curves of three parametric hypersurfaces in Euclidean 4 space . For transversal intersections the tangential direction at an intersection point can be computed by the extension of the vector product of the normal vectors of three hypersurfaces . However when the three normal vectors are not linearly independent the tangent direction can not be determined by this method . If normal vectors of hypersurfaces are parallel we have tangential intersection and if normal vectors of hypersurfaces are not parallel but are linearly dependent we have almost tangential intersection . In each case we obtain unit tangent vector principal normal vector binormal vectors and curvatures of the intersection curve . 


Summary: We study the non transversal intersection of parametric hypersurfaces in 4 space. We classify the non transversal intersection in two different cases called almost tangential intersection and tangential intersection . We obtain all the Frenet apparatus for the almost tangential intersection. We obtain all the Frenet apparatus for the tangential intersection.
We introduce the concept of reduced curvature formulae for 3 D space entities . A reduced formula entails only derivatives of the functions involved in the entity s representation and admits no further algebraic simplifications . Although not always the most compact reduced curvature formulae entail only basic arithmetic operators and are more efficient computationally compared to alternative unreduced formulae . Reduced formulae are presented for the normal mean and Gaussian curvatures of a surface and the curvature of curves on a surface where each surface or curve on a surface may be defined parametrically or implicitly . Reduced formulae are also presented for the curvature of surface intersection curves where each of the intersecting surfaces may be a given surface or an offset of a given surface and each given surface may be defined parametrically or implicitly . Known formulae are cited without derivation to form a collection in one place of new and of known results scattered in the literature . Each curve curvature formula is presented together with a formula for the respective binormal vector from which formulae for the Frenet frame and torsion of the curve can be derived . 


Summary: Reduced curvature formulae are presented namely formulae entailing only derivatives of the functions involved in the entity s representation. Reduced curvature formulae are more efficient compared to unreduced formulae. Formulae are presented for curves on a surface and for surface intersection curves in all representation modes of the surfaces. Formulae are also presented for the normal curvature of offset surfaces and for the curvature of intersection curves of offset surfaces.
This paper presents a new pixel circuit with all p type TFTs for AMOLED displays . The proposed pixel circuit can effectively compensate for the threshold voltage shift of the driving TFT the degradation of OLED and the parasitic resistance of the power supply line . And thus the brightness uniformity of AMOLED displays can be enhanced . It is shown that the nonuniformity of the OLED current with an average value of 7.3 can be achieved by the proposed pixel circuit while that of the conventional 2T1C pixel circuit is 73 . Moreover a high contrast ratio can be also obtained by the proposed pixel circuit since there is no light emitting except for the emission period . 


Summary: The proposed pixel circuit is realized by all p type TFTs. The brightness uniformity of AMOLED display will be enhanced. The effect of the parasitic parameters is sufficiently analyzed. A high contrast ratio can be achieved by the proposed pixel circuit.
An orthonormal frame is rotation minimizing with respect to if its angular velocity satisfies or equivalently the derivatives of and are both parallel to . The Frenet frame along a space curve is rotation minimizing with respect to the principal normal p and in recent years adapted frames that are rotation minimizing with respect to the tangent t have attracted much interest . This study is concerned with rotation minimizing osculating frames incorporating the binormal b and osculating plane vectors f g that have no rotation about b . These frame vectors may be defined through a rotation of t p by an angle equal to minus the integral of curvature with respect to arc length . In aeronautical terms the rotation minimizing osculating frame specifies yaw free rigid body motion along a curved path . For polynomial space curves possessing rational Frenet frames the existence of rational RMOFs is investigated and it is found that they must be of degree 7 at least . The RMOF is also employed to construct a novel type of ruled surface with the property that its tangent planes coincide with the osculating planes of a given space curve and its rulings exhibit the least possible rate of rotation consistent with this constraint . 


Summary: The rotation minimizing osculating frame RMOF on space curves is introduced. RMOFs define yaw free rigid body motion along a space curve. The RMOF can be used to construct a novel type of ruled surface. Polynomial space curves with rational RMOFs must be of degree 7 at least.