varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
Dynamic images that possess beauty and are user friendly can increase the use of digital technology . In addition to information conveyance dynamic images also act as a communication bridge in the human machine interface . Dynamic images are widely used in the application of digital media . Therefore understanding the visual effects of dynamic images on viewers is a very important issue . From a visual communication design perspective dynamic images influence not only image quality but also the viewers perception and impression of the displayed image . In the contemporary age characterized by universal usage of dynamic images designers should attain synchronized knowledge and understanding of relevant media technology so as to present preferred design quality in the management of digital design such as animation design Web page design multimedia design and so on . The current study noted that psychological effects such as viewers visual attention preferences and understanding were more important than image quality . Therefore this study adopted the viewpoint of visual design and conducted a perceptual evaluation of grating frequency and grating velocity . The pair comparison method and scale method were adopted in the research methodology to simplify perceptual evaluations and enhance their validity . The purpose of this study was To propose recommendations for displaying dynamic images and improving image performance using perceptual evaluation methods . To examine the influence of psychological factors on viewer s comfort when they experience dynamic images . To identify the best grating feature combinations that meet viewer s psychological characteristics and propose recommendations for dynamic images design . The study concludes that it is useful to establish criteria for evaluating users perception and to develop perceptual evaluations of dynamic images . It is recommended that designers find a balance between watching a moving imaging display clearly and watching it comfortably for successful reception by the viewer . 


Summary: To propose visual evaluation methods recommendations for displaying dynamic images. To examine the influence of psychological factors of dynamic images on viewer. To meet the best grating feature combinations of viewer.
Visual discomfort is one of the most frequent complaints of the viewers while watching 3D images and videos . Large disparity and large amount of motion are two main causes of visual discomfort . To quantify this influence three objectives are set in this paper . The first one is the comparative analysis on the influence of different types of motion i.e . static stereoscopic image planar motion and in depth motion on visual discomfort . The second one is the investigation on the influence factors for each motion type for example the disparity offset the disparity amplitude and velocity . The third one is to propose an objective model for visual discomfort . Thirty six synthetic stereoscopic video stimuli with different types of motion are used in this study . In the subjective test an efficient paired comparison method called Adaptive Square Design was used to reduce the number of comparisons for each observer and keep the results reliable . The experimental results showed that motion does not always induce more visual discomfort than static conditions . The in depth motion generally induces more visual discomfort than the planar motion . The relative disparity between the foreground and the background and the motion velocity are identified as main factors for visual discomfort . According to the subjective results an objective model for comparing visual discomfort induced by different types of motion is proposed which shows high correlation with the subjective perception . 


Summary: Motion does not always induce more visual discomfort than static conditions. In depth motion generally induces more visual discomfort than the planar motion. Relative disparity and velocity are main factors for visual discomfort. Disparity amplitude didn t impact visual discomfort significantly. An objective visual discomfort model is proposed.
Retina recognition is the most stable and reliable biometric system due to its stability uniqueness and non replicable nature of vascular pattern . On the other hand the complexity of vascular pattern in diseased retina makes the extraction of blood vessels very hard which majorally effects the recognition rate . The main aim of this paper is to design a robust retinal recognition system with reduced computational complexity and to explore novel retinal features . This paper presents two different approaches for retinal recognition one is vascular based feature extraction with an improved vessel segmentation algorithm and second is non vascular based feature extraction . Vascular based method uses vessel properties of retinal images and aims to improve the efficiency of retinal recognition system . Whereas non vascular based method intends to analyze non vessel properties of retinal images in order to reduce time complexity . The proposed system is assessed on two local and three public databases . 


Summary: Novel methods for personal identification using retinal images. Vascular based method involves the use of vessel properties of retinal images with improved vessel segmentation algorithm by catering pathological lesions. Non vascular based method uses novel structural features structure to perform person identification.
Dysprosium doped di strontium magnesium di silicate namely Sr2MgSi2O7 Dy3 phosphor was prepared by the solid state reaction method . The phase structure surface morphology particle size elemental analysis was analyzed by using XRD TEM EDX and FTIR techniques . The EDX and FTIR spectra confirm the present elements in Sr2MgSi2O7 Dy3 phosphor . The optical properties of Sr2MgSi2O7 Dy3 phosphor was investigated utilizing thermoluminescence photoluminescence long lasting phosphorescence and mechanoluminescence . Under the ultraviolet excitation the emission spectra of Sr2MgSi2O7 Dy3 phosphor are composed of a broad band and the characteristic emission of Dy3 peaking at 470nm 575nm and 678nm originating from the transitions of 4F9 2 6H15 2 4F9 2 6H13 2 and 4F9 2 6H11 2 . CIE color coordinates of Sr2MgSi2O7 Dy3 are suitable as white light emitting phosphor . Decay graph indicate that this phosphor also contains fast decay and slow decay process . The peak of ML intensity increases linearly with increasing impact velocity of the moving piston . The possible mechanism of this white light emitting long lasting phosphor is also investigated . 


Summary: The phase structure of the Sr2MgSi2O7 Dy3 phosphor is consistent with standard tetragonal crystallography. CIE color coordinates of Sr2MgSi2O7 Dy3 are suitable as white light emitting phosphor. Decay graph indicate that this phosphor also contains fast decay and slow decay process. ML intensity increases linearly with increasing impact velocity of moving piston.
Mobile phone sensing is a new paradigm which takes advantage of smart phones to collect and analyze data at large scale but with a low cost . Supporting pervasive communications among mobile devices in such a large scale mobile social network becomes a key challenge for this new mobile sensing system . One possible solution is allowing packet delivery among mobile devices via opportunistic communications during intermittent contacts . However the lack of rich contact opportunities still causes poor delivery ratio and long delay especially for large scale networks . Deployment of additional stationary throwboxes can create a greater number of contact opportunities thus improve the performance of routing . However the locations of deployed throwboxes are critical to such improvement . In this paper we investigate where to deploy throwboxes in a large scale throwbox assisted mobile social DTN . By leveraging the social properties discovered from real life tracing data we propose a set of social based throwbox placement algorithms which smartly pick the location of each throwbox . Extensive simulations are conducted with a real life wireless tracing dataset and a wide range of existing DTN routing methods . The results confirm the efficiency of the proposed methods . 


Summary: Study how to deploy throwboxes in a large scale mobile social DTN. Propose a set of social based throwbox placement algorithms. Simulation results from real life traces confirm the efficiency of proposed methods.
The investigation of the umbral calculus based generalization of Bernstein polynomials and B zier curves is continued in this paper First a generalization of the de Casteljau algorithm that uses umbral shift operators is described . Then it is shown that the quite involved umbral shifts can be replaced by a surprisingly simple recursion which in turn can be understood in geometrical terms as an extension of the de Casteljau interpolation scheme . Namely instead of using only the control points of level to generate the points on level r as in the ordinary de Casteljau algorithm one uses also points on level or more previous levels . Thus the unintuitive parameters in the algebraic definition of generalized Bernstein polynomials get geometric meaning . On this basis a new direct method for the design of B zier curves is described that allows to adapt the control polygon as a whole by moving a point of the associated B zier curve . 


Summary: Generalization of the de Casteljau algorithm with new parameters. Geometric interpretation of the new parameters. New direct method of curve design. New results are illustrated with many pictures.
Fitting a sparse surface to approximate vast dense data is of interest for many applications reverse engineering recognition and compression etc . The present work provides an approach to fit a Loop subdivision surface to a dense triangular mesh of arbitrary topology whilst preserving and aligning the original features . The natural ridge joined connectivity of umbilics and ridge crossings is used as the connectivity of the control mesh for subdivision so that the edges follow salient features on the surface . Furthermore the chosen features and connectivity characterise the overall shape of the original mesh since ridges capture extreme principal curvatures and ridges start and end at umbilics . A metric of Hausdorff distance including curvature vectors is proposed and implemented in a distance transform algorithm to construct the connectivity . Ridge colour matching is introduced as a criterion for edge flipping to improve feature alignment . Several examples are provided to demonstrate the feature preserving capability of the proposed approach . 


Summary: The natural ridge joined connectivity of umbilics and ridge crossings is used as the connectivity of control mesh for subdivision. Preserving and aligning with salient features. Curvature sensitive distance metric for automatic construction of connectivity.
Ck geometrically continuous surface constructions were developed to create surfaces that are smooth also at irregular points where in a quad mesh three or more than four elements come together. Isogeometric elements were developed to unify the representation of geometry and of engineering analysis. We show how matched constructions for geometry and analysis automatically yield isogeometric elements. This provides a formal framework for the existing and any future isogeometric elements based on geometric continuity. 


Summary: A construction principle for engineering analysis elements is formally verified . The principle yields isogeometric Ck elements from Gk manifold constructions . The manifold representations can have irregular extraordinary star points . The principle applies in any number of variables and any number of range dimensions . As a consequence Gk constructions can directly be used to solve PDEs on manifolds
In this paper a new method for computing intersection between a ray and a parametric surface is proposed which finds many applications in computer graphics robotics and geometric modeling . The method uses the second order derivative of the surface which can handle inherent problems that Newton Raphson and Halley methods have such as instability caused by inappropriate initial conditions and tangential intersection . Case examples are presented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method . 


Summary: A novel second order method is proposed to compute the intersection between a ray and a parametric surface using the second order approximation. It is a geometric iteration scheme which is less sensitive to initial conditions than Newton Raphson and Halley methods. It handles cases that Newton Raphson or Halley method fails to do inappropriate initial condition tangential and multiple intersections.
Distributed reflective denial of service attacks especially those based on UDP reflection and amplification can generate hundreds of gigabits per second of attack traffic and have become a significant threat to Internet security . In this paper we show that an attacker can further make the DRDoS attack more dangerous . In particular we describe a new DRDoS attack called store and flood DRDoS or SF DRDoS which leverages peer to peer file sharing networks . An attacker can store carefully prepared data on reflector nodes before the flooding phase to greatly increase the amplification factor of an attack . In this way SF DRDoS is more surreptitious and powerful than traditional DRDoS . We present two prototype SF DRDoS attacks on two popular Kademlia based P2P file sharing networks Kad and BT DHT . Experiments in real world environments showed that this attack can achieve an amplification factor of 2400 on average in Kad and reach an upper bound of attack bandwidth at 670 Gbps and 10 Tbps for Kad and BT DHT respectively . We also propose some candidate defenses to mitigate the SF DRDoS threat . 


Summary: We propose a novel reflective amplification DDoS attack called store and flood DRDoS. SF DRDoS gains a high amplification factor by storing prepared data on reflectors. We implement prototypes on two Kademlia networks Kad and BT DHT. Real world experiments achieves an average amplification factor of 2400 in Kad. The upper bound of attack bandwidth could be 670 Gbps and 10 Tbps for Kad and BTDHT.
We present a novel deterministic and efficient method to detect whether a given rational space curve is symmetric . By using well known differential invariants of space curves namely the curvature and torsion the method is significantly faster simpler and more general than an earlier method addressing a similar problem . To support this claim we present an analysis of the arithmetic complexity of the algorithm and timings from an implementation in Sage . 


Summary: The paper presents a novel deterministic and efficient method to detect whether a given rational space curve is symmetric. The method is significantly faster simpler and more general than earlier methods addressing similar problems. An analysis of the arithmetic complexity of the algorithm and timings from an implementation in Sage are included.
Although the three dimensional television is popular for its stereoscopy the fatigue caused by the prolonged watching of 3DTV should not be underestimated . Electroencephalogram has been widely used for monitoring the brain s functional activities . Based on our previous research of 3DTV fatigue one more objective and effective 3DTV fatigue evaluation model is proposed on gravity frequency of power spectrum and power spectral entropy . As the fatigue changes the gravity frequency reflects the transition of EEG power spectrum and the power spectral entropy describes the level of chaos of EEG . 16 channels of EEG data of twenty five subjects watching 2DTV and 3DTV were collected and gravity frequency of power spectrum and power spectral entropy were then calculated and analyzed . These two parameters of the 3D group changed more significantly comparing with that of the 2D group on several electrodes . There are significant decreases in gravity frequency and power spectral entropy in several brain regions after long time of watching 3DTV which indicates the decline of subjects alertness level . Based on the subjective evaluation and two significant parameters gravity frequency and power spectral entropy an accurate evaluation model for 3DTV fatigue was established using the regression equation . 


Summary: The optimized objective evaluation model for 3DTV fatigue was established. There were significant decreases in gravity frequency and power spectral entropy. More significant changes of these parameters were found in 3D group. The evaluation model for 3DTV fatigue was established with the regression equation.
We investigated green phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes with charge control layer to produce high efficiency and improve operational lifetime . Three types of devices were fabricated following the number of CCL within emitting layer maintaining the thickness of whole EML . The CCL and host material which was 4 4 bis biphenyl with bipolar property can control carrier movement in EML . Therefore the electroluminescent performance improvement as efficiency and lifetime was realized with a good charge balance an effective triplet exciton confinement and the reduced triplet exciton quenching effect in EML . Device 2 with a CCL as exciton distribution structure exhibits the remarkable EL performances for the maximum luminous and external quantum efficiency of 65.34cd A and 20.42 respectively . Moreover operational lifetime is nearly improved 2.5 times than the conventional device . 


Summary: Green PHOLEDs have been fabricated using charge control layer CCL . The distributed recombination zone and charge balance are achieved through the CCL. Green PHOLEDs with CCL exhibited efficient carrier and triplet exciton confinement. Electroluminescent performance improvement as efficiency and lifetime was realized.
We present an approach to finding the implicit equation of a planar rational parametric cubic curve by defining a new basis for the representation . The basis which contains only four cubic bivariate polynomials is defined in terms of the B zier control points of the curve . An explicit formula for the coefficients of the implicit curve is given . Moreover these coefficients lead to simple expressions which describe aspects of the geometric behaviour of the curve . In particular we present an explicit barycentric formula for the position of the double point in terms of the B zier control points of the curve . We also give conditions for when an unwanted singularity occurs in the region of interest . Special cases in which the method fails such as when three of the control points are collinear or when two points coincide will be discussed separately . 


Summary: We construct a basis for the implicit representation of planar rational cubic B zier curves. We present an explicit formulation of the implicit polynomial coefficients. Barycentric formulas for the double point of the cubic curve are derived. A simple test for when unwanted branches occur is formulated. Conditions for the degeneration of cubics to conics are presented.
Linear least squares problems are commonly solved by QR factorization . When multiple solutions need to be computed with only minor changes in the underlying data knowledge of the difference between the old data set and the new can be used to update an existing factorization at reduced computational cost . We investigate the viability of implementing QR updating algorithms on GPUs and demonstrate that GPU based updating for removing columns achieves speed ups of up to 13.5 compared with full GPU QR factorization . We characterize the conditions under which other types of updates also achieve speed ups . 


Summary: The first implementation of QR factorization updating algorithms on GPUs. We achieved speed ups over full QR factorization of over 13 in some cases. The accuracies of our results were comparable with serial computed solutions.
Mobile network providers face an ever increasing number of mobile devices requesting similarly increasing amounts of data . In this article we present a two step approach to modeling and simulating the amounts of data produced by mobile devices based on applications that are highly utilized on the network . In the first step we separate the applications on a mobile device into highly utilized and background ones for the overall population to be modeled . With the identified overall application groups we employ a four state Hidden Markov Model to capture the characteristics of the high utilization applications as aggregates per device the characteristics of the background applications are matched to four states dependent on the high utilization aggregates states . Utilizing the Exponential distribution for both we closely match their original user based characteristics . The suitability of our model is lastly corroborated through simulation based comparisons of estimations for the bandwidth requirements of the individual users or our model s estimates are typically within ten percent of the original values . 


Summary: We find the 7 of applications responsible for 75 of data in a mobile device dataset. Active and background applications are aggregated for limited parameters. We simulate a mobile device based on these applications using a 4 state Markov Model. Using exponential distributions simulated results are within 10 of submitted data.
An elliptical ring test method is proposed to replace the circular ring test recommended by ASTM and AASHTO for faster and more reliable assessment of cracking tendency of concrete . Numerical models are also established to simulate stress development and crack initiation propagation in restrained concrete rings . Cracking age position and propagation in various rings are obtained from numerical analyses that agree well with experimental results . Elliptical thin rings of certain geometry can shorten the ring test duration as desirable . In thin rings crack initiation is caused by external restraint effect so that a crack occurs at the inner circumference and propagates towards the outer one . In thick rings crack initiation is mainly due to the self restraint effect so that a crack occurs at the outer circumference and propagates towards their inner one . Therefore thick elliptical concrete rings do not necessarily crack earlier than circular ones as observed from experiment . 


Summary: A numerical model proposed for underpinning the elliptical ring test for concrete. The model considers nonlinear moisture distribution shrinkage within concrete. The multi physics model integrates micromechanics modelling into macro FE model. The multi physics model is able to simulate concrete crack initiation propagation. The numerical approach can be used for analysing other types of concrete structures.
Seven compounds with pyridine as the backbone modified by carbazole moiety bromine atom and fluorine atom were synthesized . Compounds 1 2 3 with bromo substitution at the 2 position and carbazole modification at the 5 position of pyridine emit not only a sharp blue singlet fluorescence but also a wide banded excimer based orange emission . The two colors coming from a single molecule can be used to fabricate a simplified white light emitting device . The electroluminescence based on 1 and 2 exhibits white light emission with CIE coordinates of x 0.25 and y 0.30 for 1 and x 0.33 and y 0.37 for 2 at high current densities very close to pure white emission . In addition the role of bromo substitution at pyridine is concluded to be essential to generate molecular interaction thus an excimer emission . 


Summary: Molecules with pyridine as the backbone and modified by carbazoles were synthesized. The molecules exhibit sharp blue fluorescence and excimer orange emission. Structurally bromo was identified as a crucial factor to generate excimer emission. The molecules were made into simple structured OLED devices and emit white emission.