varunr14/newsummary huggingface dataset:
The current study investigates the effects of 3D displays . People experienced superior fidelity and brightness when they watched 2D still images on a shuttered display rather than on a polarized display . Conversely people experienced greater brightness when they watched 3D still images on a polarized display rather than on a shuttered display . Second people were able to read a smaller font or characters on a shuttered display than on a polarized display . Third people noticed flickering on a shuttered display when they watched 3D images . Fourth people experienced greater brightness when they watched 3D moving images on a shuttered display rather than on a shuttered display . The perceived brightness of the screen positively correlated with enjoyment content satisfaction and 3DTV satisfaction when the viewers watched a 3D movie . The flickering on the other hand has a negative correlation with enjoyment and 3DTV satisfaction . 


Summary: We examined the effects of 3D displays shuttered and polarized displays on the viewers. People experience brightness or fidelity differently depending on the image conditions 2D or 3D . Readability on a shuttered display is greater than a polarized display. Brightness positively correlated with the effects on the viewers. Flickering negatively correlated with the effects on the viewers.
The Laplace Beltrami operator is the foundation of describing geometric partial differential equations and it also plays an important role in the fields of computational geometry computer graphics and image processing such as surface parameterization shape analysis matching and interpolation . However constructing the discretized Laplace Beltrami operator with convergent property has been an open problem . In this paper we propose a new discretization scheme of the Laplace Beltrami operator over triangulated surfaces . We prove that our discretization of the Laplace Beltrami operator converges to the Laplace Beltrami operator at every point of an arbitrary smooth surface as the size of the triangular mesh over the surface tends to zero . Numerical experiments are conducted which support the theoretical analysis . 


Summary: We construct a localized discrete Laplace Beltrami operator over triangular mesh. Our algorithm is based on the discretization of the heat kernel defined on the surface. Our discretization scheme is point wise convergent for arbitrary triangulated surfaces. We propose a method to estimate the parameters involved in the algorithm adaptively. Experimental results shows that our method outperforms other discretization schemes.
The study investigates the effect of attention on prospective memory performance in programmer multitasking incorporating a taxonomical understanding of prospective memory errors . It also presents an analysis of cognitive workload . The results demonstrate that people are more vulnerable to prospective memory performance failure when there is a situation that one is required to devote more attention in monitoring to identify a cue for an intended action . Omission error is the most prominent among all types of prospective memory error . Analysis reveals that when there is a stimulus driven situation of attention capture a performance decrement observed in terms of prospective memory is not necessarily concerned with an increase in CWL . 


Summary: Attention is an important factor concerning cueing of an intended action. Stimulus driven situation of attention capture has facilitative effect. Performance decrement is not associated with an increased cognitive workload. The results have practical significance concerning human errors in multitasking.
A series of Bi3 and Gd3 doped ZnB2O4 phosphors were synthesized with solid state reaction technique . X ray diffraction technique was employed to study the structure of prepared samples . Excitation and emission spectra were recorded to investigate the luminescence properties of phosphors . The doping of Bi3 or Gd3 with a small amount does not change the structure of prepared samples remarkably . Bi3 in ZnB2O4 can emit intense broad band purplish blue light peaking at 428nm under the excitation of a broad band peaking at 329nm . The optimal doping concentration of Bi3 is experimentally ascertained to be 0.5mol . The decay time of Bi3 in ZnB2O4 changes from 0.88 to 1.69ms . Gd3 in ZnB2O4 can be excited with 254nm ultraviolet light and yield intense 312nm emission . The optimal doping concentration of Gd3 is experimentally ascertained to be 5mol . The decay time of Gd3 in ZnB2O4 changes from 0.42 to 1.36ms . 


Summary: ZnB2O4 Bi3 is an effective purplish blue phosphor. ZnB2O4 Gd3 is an effective ultraviolet phosphor. This work indicates that ZnB2O4 is a promising host for display applications.
This paper presents a fully automatic method for seismic event classification within a sparse regional seismograph network . The method is based on a supervised pattern recognition technique called the Support Vector Machine . The classification relies on differences in signal energy distribution between natural and artificial seismic sources . We filtered seismic records via 20 narrow band pass filters and divided them into four phase windows P P coda S and S coda . We then computed a short term average value for each filter channel and phase window . The 80 discrimination parameters served as a training model for the SVM . We calculated station specific SVM models for 19 on line seismic stations in Finland . The training data set included 918 positive and 3469 negative examples . An independent test period determined method and rules for integrating station specific classification results into network results . Finally we applied the network classification rules to independent evaluation data comprising 5435 fully automatic event determinations 5404 of which had been manually identified as explosions or noise and 31 as earthquakes . The SVM method correctly identified 94 of the non earthquakes and all but one of the earthquakes . The result implies that the SVM tool can identify and filter out blasts and spurious events from fully automatic event solutions with a high level of accuracy . The tool helps to reduce the work load and costs of manual seismic analysis by leaving only a small fraction of automatic event determinations the probable earthquakes for more detailed seismological analysis . The self learning approach presented here is flexible and easily adjustable to the requirements of a denser or wider high frequency network . 


Summary: Fully automatic method for classification of seismic events. The method is based on Support Vector Machine. Effective in filtering out blasts and spurious events from automatic event bulletins. The method is flexible and easily adjustable to denser or wider networks.
Fiber optical microendoscopy has recently been an essential medical diagnostic tool for patients in investigating tissues in vivo due to affordable cost high quality imaging performance compact size high speed imaging and flexible movement . Microelectromechanical systems scanner technology has been playing a key role in shaping the miniaturization and enabling high speed imaging of fiber optical microendoscopy for over 20years . In this article both review of MEMS based fiber optical microendoscopy for optical coherence tomography confocal and two photon imaging will be discussed . These advanced optical endoscopic imaging modalities provide cellular and molecular features with deep tissue penetration enabling guided resections and early cancer assessment . 


Summary: We summarize state of the art in MEMS based fiber optical microendoscopy for early cancer assessment. MEMS scanner technology is a key enabling element in miniaturization of microendoscope. Electrostatic actuation is the most popular mechanism to drive MEMS scanners.
The CancerGrid approach to software support for clinical trials is based on two principles careful curation of semantic metadata about clinical observations to enable subsequent data integration and model driven generation of trial specific software artefacts from a trial protocol to streamline the software development process . This paper explains the approach presents four varied case studies and discusses the lessons learned . 


Summary: Summary philosophy and lessons of the CancerGrid project and follow ons. Software support for cancer clinical trials and similar data collection exercises. Metadata support to enable subsequent meta analysis. Model driven generation of software artefacts to run trial. Four case studies.
Stereoscopic 3D television is now available in the home . However little published information is available on viewer use or experience . In this study 120 people from 29 households were given a new TV and reported on their television viewing and other screen use on a near daily basis over 8weeks . People reported enjoying S3D TV and cinema more than TV and cinema in general but enjoying S3D video games less than video games in general . S3D TV and video games were both associated with an increased though still low level of adverse effects such as headache and eyestrain . I speculate that this may be because video games present a particularly strong conflict between vergence and accommodative demand . 


Summary: 120 people reported on TV viewing and other screen use in their home over 8weeks. Viewer reports were compared for conventional 2D and stereoscopic 3D displays. People reported enjoying 3D TV and cinema more than 2D. People reported slightly more adverse effects e.g. headache with 3D.
Graphical abstract Using rigid and non rigid registration to correct misalignments in geometry and texture . Two input textured surfaces are captured by RGB D cameras the camera configuration provides initial alignment . Successive rigid and non rigid steps improve it giving a final surface with high quality textures 


Summary: Using color and geometric to nd correspondences in both rigid and non rigid cases. Using color when determining the transformation deformation in aligning surfaces. Proving our algorithm s effectiveness when aligning richly textured surfaces.
Community detection has become a fundamental operation in numerous graph theoretic applications . It is used to reveal natural divisions that exist within real world networks without imposing prior size or cardinality constraints on the set of communities . Despite its potential for application there is only limited support for community detection on large scale parallel computers largely owing to the irregular and inherently sequential nature of the underlying heuristics . In this paper we present parallelization heuristics for fast community detection using the Louvain method as the serial template . The Louvain method is a multi phase iterative heuristic for modularity optimization . Originally developed by Blondel et al . the method has become increasingly popular owing to its ability to detect high modularity community partitions in a fast and memory efficient manner . However the method is also inherently sequential thereby limiting its scalability . Here we observe certain key properties of this method that present challenges for its parallelization and consequently propose heuristics that are designed to break the sequential barrier . For evaluation purposes we implemented our heuristics using OpenMP multithreading and tested them over real world graphs derived from multiple application domains . Compared to the serial Louvain implementation our parallel implementation is able to produce community outputs with a higher modularity for most of the inputs tested in comparable number or fewer iterations while providing absolute speedups of up to 16 using 32 threads . 


Summary: Novel parallel heuristics for community detection in large scale graphs. Multi threaded implementations using OpenMP. Thorough experimental evaluation of parallel heuristics on a platform with 32 cores.
This study investigates impacts of oxygen flow during the deposition of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide channel layer with a radio frequency magnetron sputter on the electrical characteristics of the fabricated thin film transistors . Results indicate that as the film was deposited with a higher oxygen flow the transfer curves are positively shifted while the field effect mobility is significantly decreased . To get more insight about the effects channel resistance and the parasitic source to drain resistance of the fabricated devices are extracted using the total resistance method . The extracted a IGZO channel resistance per unit length and RSD are found to increase while the extracted effective mobility is decreased with increasing oxygen flow during sputtering . These observations are postulated to be related the decrease in the In ratio and the increase in the Zn ratio of the a IGZO films with increasing the oxygen flow rate which lead to higher resistivity and lower carrier concentration . The extracted RSD can be comparable with R CH for the devices prepared with high oxygen flow resulting in the roll off of FE as the channel length is shorter than 20 m . 


Summary: Carrier concentration increased with reducing oxygen flow tends to enhance u FE on current reduce V th SS. ch is higher while E is lower in the films with a higher oxygen flow. Increasing O2 flow decreases In atom and increases Zn atom of IGZO films. Increasing O2 flow increases channel resistance and contact resistance. Visible decline in FE as shorter channel length of devices with higher O2 flow.
With the spread of portable smart devices social networking services are gaining popularity . At the same time emoticons which can be used a primary tool to deliver the enriched personal feelings are also gaining popularity in the social networking services . Now emoticon markets are much bigger than before since the territory of emoticons broadens the culture and social issues . However provided emoticons from the service providers are difficult to express the exact personalized feeling . Thus users can not edit what they want to express . In this study we propose a new concept of emoticons an editable visual object to resolve above problems . User can edit the components inside the proposed editable visual object and send it to express exact intention . Further we propose an efficient editable visual object description schema to represent and transmit the editable visual object . To prove the performance and efficiency of proposed technique we implement and test the prototype system for the mobile device . As shown in the test results the proposed description method is at most 100 times superior to the compared screen capturing method in the view of transmission bandwidth . The proposed editable visual object can be exploited not only mobile applications but also various fields such as education and medical field . 


Summary: We analyze the drawbacks of current emoticon system. We introduce an editable visual object which can substitute the emoticon. We propose a schema based EVO description method. We propose a differential coding to transmit the EVO. We implement the prototype mobile application to verify the performance the proposed EVO.
In wireless communication systems users compete for communication opportunities through a medium access control protocol . Previous research has shown that selfish behavior in medium access games could lead to inefficient and unfair resource allocation . We introduce a new notion of reciprocity in a medium access game and derive the corresponding Nash equilibrium . Further using mechanism design we show that this type of reciprocity can remove unfair inefficient equilibrium solutions . The best response learning method for the reciprocity game framework is studied . It demonstrates that the game converges to the unique and stable Nash equilibrium if the nodes have low collision costs or high psychological sensitivity . For symmetric games the converged Nash equilibrium turns out to be the fair strategy . 


Summary: A new notion of reciprocity in a medium access game is introduced and the corresponding Nash equilibrium is derived. It has been shown that this type of reciprocity can remove unfair inefficient equilibrium solutions. The best response learning method for the reciprocity game framework is studied and simulated. The game converges to the unique Nash equilibrium if the nodes have low collision costs or high psychological sensitivity. For symmetric games the converged Nash equilibrium turns out to be the fair strategy.
This paper proposes a generalization of the ordinary de Casteljau algorithm to manifold valued data including an important special case which uses the exponential map of a symmetric space or Riemannian manifold . We investigate some basic properties of the corresponding B zier curves and present applications to curve design on polyhedra and implicit surfaces as well as motion of rigid body and positive definite matrices . Moreover we apply our approach to construct canal and developable surfaces . 


Summary: A Generalization of the ordinary De Casteljau s algorithm and B zier construction for nonlinear data. Main properties and several applications from Dynamics medical imaging and Geometry curve design on polyhedra motion of rigid body and positive definite matrices. Geometric and numerical aspects of the approach and criteria for implementation.
High quality online video streaming both live and on demand has become an essential part of many consumers lives . The popularity of video streaming however places a burden on the underlying network infrastructure . This is because it needs to be capable of delivering significant amounts of data in a time critical manner to users . The Video on Demand distribution paradigm uses a unicast independent flow for each user request . This results in multiple duplicate flows carrying the same video assets that only serve to exacerbate the burden placed upon the network . In this paper we present OpenCache a highly configurable efficient and transparent in network caching service that aims to improve the VoD distribution efficiency by caching video assets as close to the end user as possible . OpenCache leverages Software Defined Networking technology to benefit last mile environments by improving network utilisation and increasing the Quality of Experience for the end user . Our evaluation on a pan European OpenFlow testbed uses adaptive bitrate video to demonstrate that with the use of OpenCache streaming applications play back higher quality video and experience increased throughput higher bitrate and shorter start up and buffering times . 


Summary: High quality video streaming has become an essential part of many consumers lives. We designed OpenCache an OpenFlow assisted in network caching service. OpenCache benefits last mile environments by improving network utilisation. OpenCache increases the Quality of Experience for the end user. OpenCache was evaluated on a large pan European OpenFlow testbed with clear benefits.
Resource allocation is an important issue that has not been well resolved in multi relay multi user Decode and Forward OFDM systems with subcarrier pairing at relays in the presence of heterogeneous flows i.e . simultaneous real time and non real time traffic . In this paper we address the issue by first formulating it as a joint optimization problem of relay user pair selection subcarrier pair assignment and power allocation and then solving it through dual decomposition and subgradient methods . Asymptotic optimal iterative algorithms with polynomial complexity are proposed with the objective of maximizing sum transmission rate of NRT traffic while providing quality of service guarantee for RT traffic in two cases with total network power constraint and with individual power constraints . Effective selections of initial dual variables and stepsize for the subgradient method are also presented . Simulation results are provided in multiple scenarios and they show that the proposed algorithms outperform the existing schemes in terms of providing QoS requirements of RT users and maximizing sum network transmission rates algorithms designed under total power constraint exploit the power resource much better than those under individual power constraints . 


Summary: Resource allocation with subcarrier pairing under coexistence of RT and NRT traffic. Optimization of relay user selection subcarrier pair assignment and power allocation. Flexible QoS guarantee of real time traffic by system parameter adjustment adaptively. Total power constraint uses power resource better than individual power constraints.
Analysis of geophysical borehole data can often be hampered by too much information and noise in the trace leading to subjective interpretation of layer boundaries . Wavelet analysis of borehole data has provided an effective way of mitigating noise and delineating relevant boundaries . We extend wavelet analysis by providing a complete set of code and functions that will objectively block a geophysical trace based on a derivative operator algorithm that searches for inflection points in the bore log . Layer boundaries detected from the operator output are traced back to a zero width operator so that boundaries are consistently and objectively detected . Layers are then classified based on importance and analysis is completed by selecting either total number of layers a portion of the total number of layers selection of minimum layer thickness or layers detected by a specified minimum operator width . We demonstrate the effectiveness of the layer blocking technique by applying it to a case study for alluvial aquifer detection in the Gascoyne River area of Western Australia . 


Summary: Differential wavelet operator for automated borehole blocking. Hierarchical blocking based on layer importance. Layer blocking based on minimum thickness of layers and of total layers. Full Matlab code freely available under Creative Commons.
Icon plays a critical role in computer interface design . Studies on icon taxonomy explain the way in which various types of icon represent the objects and provide designers creation rules by which icons are more in line with users cognitive psychology . However along with larger and larger use of icons the previous classification criterion causes the boundary between categories blur . What s more Single classification standard is not able to well illustrate the icons applied in today s computer applications . The purpose of this paper is to present an objective oriented icon taxonomy which proposes to categorize icons into action icon and knowledge icon . To assess this proposition we analyzed a sample of icons that applied in computer interface and suggest precise application domains to both action icon and knowledge icon categories . The results of this practice manifested that action icon and knowledge icon implied a high relation with applied environment and explicated the development trace of computer icons . This work is one of the first to point out the notion of knowledge icon and to highlight the importance of objective of icon application . Findings in this paper could enrich icon use in computer interface design especially provides possible way to improve online knowledge sharing by visual tool like icon . 


Summary: Proposing an icon taxonomy focusing on applied objective. Defining two terms of computer icons action icon and knowledge icon. Analyzing the applied fields of action icon and knowledge icon. Comparing the proposed icon taxonomy with previous studies. Emphasizing the applied environment and location characteristic of knowledge icon.