vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
America's Cup
In 1987 , soon after Conner had won back the cup with Stars and Stripes but before the San Diego Yacht Club had publicly issued terms for the next regatta , a New Zealand syndicate , again led by merchant banker Sir Michael Fay , lodged a surprise challenge . Fay challenged with a gigantic yacht named New Zealand ( KZ1 ) or the Big Boat , which with a 90 - foot ( 27 m ) waterline , was the largest single masted yacht possible under the original rules of the cup trust deed . This was an unwelcome challenge to the San Diego Yacht Club , who wanted to continue to run Cup regattas using 12 - metre yachts . A legal battle ensued over the challenge , with Justice Carmen Ciparick of the New York State Supreme ( trial ) Court ( which administers the Deed of Gift ) ruling that Fay 's challenge on behalf of Mercury Bay Boating Club ( MBBC ) was valid . The court ordered SDYC to accept it and negotiate mutually agreeable terms for a match , or to race under the default provisions of the Deed , or to forfeit the cup to MBBC .
America's Cup
In response to the incompetent Canadian challenges , the Deed of Gift was amended in 1881 to require that challenges be accepted only from yacht clubs on the sea and that challenger yachts must sail to the venue on their own hull . Furthermore , Archibald Cary Smith and the NYYC committee devised a new rating rule that would govern the next races . They included sail area and waterline length into the handicap , with penalties on waterlines longer than 85 ft ( 25.91 m ) . Irish yacht designer John Beavor - Webb launched the challengers Genesta ( 1884 ) and Galatea ( 1885 ) , which would define the British `` plank - on - edge '' design of a heavy , deep and narrow - keel hull , making for very stiff yachts ideal for the British breeze . The boats came to New York in 1885 and 1886 respectively , but neither would best the sloops Puritan or Mayflower , whose success in selection trials against many other candidates proved Boston designer Edward Burgess was the master of the `` compromise sloop '' ( lightweight , wide and shallow hull with centerboard ) . This design paradigm proved ideal for the light Yankee airs .
Woman's Hour
On 31 December 2004 , the show became Man 's Hour for one day only , on which it was presented by Channel 4 News anchor Jon Snow . On 18 July 2010 , after 64 years of Woman 's Hour , the BBC began broadcasting a full series called Men 's Hour on BBC Radio 5 , presented by Tim Samuels .
A Man and a Woman
The music soundtrack was recorded prior to filming , and Lelouch would play the music on the set to inspire the actors . Lelouch encouraged his actors to improvise some of the dialogue , and several key scenes were improvised . The climactic scene at a train station was not scripted at the time of shooting , and Aimée did not know that director Lelouch had decided on the two main characters reuniting at the end . The look of surprise on Aimée 's face is genuine .
A Man and a Woman
The film was selected for screening as part of the Cannes Classics section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival .
A Man and a Woman
Upon its theatrical release in the United States , A Man and a Woman received mostly positive reviews . In his review in The New York Times , Bosley Crowther wrote , `` For a first - rate demonstration of the artfulness of a cameraman and the skill at putting together handsome pictures and a strongly sentimental musical score , there is nothing around any better than Claude Lelouch 's A Man and a Woman . '' Crowther lauded the `` beautiful and sometimes breath - taking exposition of visual imagery intended to excite the emotions '' and praised the director for his ability to create something unique from the commonplace :
Conflict (narrative)
There may be multiple points of conflict in a single story , as characters may have more than one desire or may struggle against more than one opposing force . When a conflict is resolved and the reader discovers which force or character succeeds , it creates a sense of closure . Conflicts may resolve at any point in a story , particularly where more than one conflict exists , but stories do not always resolve every conflict . If a story ends without resolving the main or major conflict ( s ) , it is said to have an `` open '' ending . Open endings , which can serve to ask the reader to consider the conflict more personally , may not satisfy them , but obvious conflict resolution may also leave readers disappointed in the story .
Mercy rule
In a six - inning game such as Little League Baseball and Softball , rules call for the game to end if the winning team is ahead by 10 runs after four innings played by the trailing team .
Great Expectations
Great Expectations has an unhappy ending , since most characters suffer physically , psychologically or both , or die -- often violently -- while suffering . Happy resolutions remain elusive , while hate thrives . The only happy ending is Biddy and Joe 's marriage and the birth of their two children , since the final reconciliations , except that between Pip and Magwitch , do not alter the general order . Though Pip extirpates the web of hatred , the first unpublished ending denies him happiness while Dickens ' revised second ending , in the published novel , leaves his future uncertain .
Mercy rule
If a boxer trails by more than 20 points , the referee stops the fight and the boxer that is leading automatically wins ; bouts which end this way may be noted as `` RSC '' ( referee stopped contest ) with notations for an outclassed opponent ( RSCO ) , outscored opponent ( RSCOS ) , injury ( RSCI ) or head injury ( RSCH ) .
Wireless security
The disadvantage with the end - to - end method is , it may fail to cover all traffic . With encryption on the router level or VPN , a single switch encrypts all traffic , even UDP and DNS lookups . With end - to - end encryption on the other hand , each service to be secured must have its encryption `` turned on '' , and often every connection must also be `` turned on '' separately . For sending emails , every recipient must support the encryption method , and must exchange keys correctly . For Web , not all web sites offer https , and even if they do , the browser sends out IP addresses in clear text .
Season finale
A season finale may contain a cliffhanger ending to be resolved in the next season . Alternatively , a season finale could bring storylines to a close , `` going out on a high '' and similarly maintaining interest in the series ' eventual return .
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
First , we felt if we go more than five years without the understanding that the organization would be disbanded , we run the risk of becoming institutionalized or being more concerned with trying to perpetuate the organization and in doing so , giving up the freedom to act and to do ... The other thing is that by the end of that time you 'd either be dead or crazy ... ''
13 Reasons Why
It is revealed that Justin is secretly shooting up heroin , and that Nina possesses the box of Polaroids , which she burns . The following night , at a school dance , Jessica and Justin share an intimate encounter , and Chlöe tells Jessica she is pregnant . Tyler arrives at the dance planning to orchestrate a mass school shooting , but Clay learns of his plan and confronts him , encouraging him not to do it . He peacefully disarms Tyler before Tony arrives to drive Tyler away in his car . The episode ends with sirens of the approaching police cars being heard , with Clay holding Tyler 's assault rifle in front of the school .
It ain't over till the fat lady sings
The phrase is generally understood to be referencing the stereotypically overweight sopranos of the opera . The imagery of Richard Wagner 's opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen and its last part , Götterdämmerung , is typically the one used in depictions accompanying reference to the phrase . The `` fat lady '' is the valkyrie Brünnhilde , who is traditionally presented as a very buxom lady with horned helmet , spear and round shield ( although Amalie Materna played Brünnhilde during Wagner 's lifetime ( 1876 ) with a winged helmet ) . Her farewell scene lasts almost twenty minutes and leads directly to the finale of the whole Ring Cycle . As Götterdämmerung is about the end of the world ( or at least the world of the Norse gods ) , in a very significant way `` it is ( all ) over when the fat lady sings . ''
Promotion (chess)
Promotion to knight may also be done for defensive reasons ; to the right is such a case , a 2006 game between Gata Kamsky and Étienne Bacrot . White threatens to capture the pawn or checkmate by Rh1 if the black pawn promotes to a queen , rook , or bishop . The only move that does not lose for Black is 74 ... e1 = N+ ! The resulting rook versus knight endgame is a theoretical draw ( see pawnless chess endgame ) . In the actual game , mistakes were made in the rook versus knight endgame and White won on move 103 ( de la Villa 2008 : 43 -- 44 ) . This is a standard defensive technique for the endgame of a rook versus a pawn ( de la Villa 2008 : 71 -- 72 ) .
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2012 July 7
There are ways . I think it was Leonard Maltin 's book that said the ending of The Usual Suspects `` invalidates the rest of the movie '' , but he does n't say what the ending is . ← Baseball Bugs carrots → 11 : 52 , 8 July 2012 ( UTC )
Mercy rule
In American collegiate wrestling and high school wrestling , a wrestler wins by technical fall , and the match ends , if he builds a 15 - point lead . If a wrestler gains a 15 - point lead by having his opponent in a near - fall , the referee will allow the offensive wrestler the opportunity to win by fall without liability to be reversed and pinned . The bout ends when a fall is awarded or the near - fall ends .
Irrational number
Therefore , when we subtract the 10A equation from the 10,000 A equation , the tail end of 10A cancels out the tail end of 10,000 A leaving us with :
The End of the F***ing World
The End of the F * * * ing World Genre Dark comedy Comedy - drama Based on The End of the Fucking World by Charles S. Forsman Written by Charlie Covell Directed by Jonathan Entwistle Lucy Tcherniak Starring Alex Lawther Jessica Barden Gemma Whelan Wunmi Mosaku Steve Oram Christine Bottomley Navin Chowdhry Barry Ward Composer ( s ) Graham Coxon Country of origin United Kingdom Original language ( s ) English No. of series No. of episodes 8 ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Ed Macdonald Murray Ferguson Andy Baker Petra Fried Dominic Buchanan Jonathan Entwistle Producer ( s ) Kate Ogborn Cinematography Justin Brown Ben Fordesman Running time 19 -- 22 minutes Production company ( s ) Clerkenwell Films Dominic Buchanan Productions Release Original network Channel 4 ( pilot ) All 4 Picture format 1080i ( 16 : 9 HDTV ) 4K ( Ultra HD ) Audio format Stereo 5.1 Original release 24 October 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 24 ) -- present ( present ) External links Website
13 Reasons Why
Another aspect frequently mentioned within reviews was the show 's mature and emotional approach to its dark and adult subject matter . This was favorably reviewed by critics , such as Miller of Indiewire , particularly her statement that `` the adult edges to this story ring with honesty and truth . '' Miller , and Feinberg of The Hollywood Reporter , also stated that the show can be difficult to watch at times , while Schedeen of IGN states that it is `` an often depressing and even uncomfortable show to watch ... a pretty emotionally draining experience , particularly towards the end as the pieces really start to fall into place . ''
Middle Ages
Others argue that reason was generally held in high regard during the Middle Ages . Science historian Edward Grant writes , `` If revolutionary rational thoughts were expressed ( in the 18th century ) , they were only made possible because of the long medieval tradition that established the use of reason as one of the most important of human activities '' . Also , contrary to common belief , David Lindberg writes , `` the late medieval scholar rarely experienced the coercive power of the Church and would have regarded himself as free ( particularly in the natural sciences ) to follow reason and observation wherever they led '' .
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2012 July 7
Not sure I understand that critique . The ending was a `` twist '' , meaning that what you thought was true was not , but this is intentional , so complaining that it invalidated the rest of the movie seems odd . StuRat ( talk ) 17 : 49 , 8 July 2012 ( UTC )
It ain't over till the fat lady sings
Despite his obvious allegiance to the Red Raiders , Texas Tech sports information director Ralph Carpenter was the picture of professional objectivity when the Aggies rallied for a 72 -- 72 tie late in the SWC tournament finals . `` Hey , Ralph , '' said Bill Morgan , `` this ... is going to be a tight one after all . '' `` Right '' , said Ralph , `` the opera ai n't over until the fat lady sings . ''
California High-Speed Rail
Reason Foundation , the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association , and the Citizens Against Government Waste published a study which they named the Due Diligence Report ( 2008 ) critiquing the project . In 2013 Reason Foundation published an Updated Due Diligence Report ( 2013 ) . Key elements of the updated critique include
It ain't over till the fat lady sings
The saying has become so well known that it was the subject of an article in the journal Obesity Reviews .
Right-to-work law
In December 2012 , libertarian writer J.D. Tuccille , in Reason magazine , wrote : `` I consider the restrictions right - to - work laws impose on bargaining between unions and businesses to violate freedom of contract and association ... I 'm disappointed that the state has , once again , inserted itself into the marketplace to place its thumb on the scale in the never - ending game of playing business and labor off against one another ... This is not to say that unions are always good . It means that , when the state is n't involved , they 're private organizations that can offer value to their members . '' Corporate
13 Reasons Why
13 Reasons Why Genre Teen drama Mystery Based on Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher Developed by Brian Yorkey Starring Dylan Minnette Katherine Langford Christian Navarro Alisha Boe Brandon Flynn Justin Prentice Miles Heizer Ross Butler Devin Druid Amy Hargreaves Derek Luke Kate Walsh Brian d'Arcy James Narrated by Katherine Langford Opening theme `` Oh in This World of Dread , Carry On '' by Eskmo Composer ( s ) Eskmo Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 26 ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Brian Yorkey Diana Son Tom McCarthy Joy Gorman Wettels Steve Golin Michael Sugar Selena Gomez Mandy Teefey Kristel Laiblin Producer ( s ) Joseph Incaprera Editor ( s ) Leo Trombetta Camera setup Single - camera Running time 49 -- 70 minutes Production company ( s ) July Moon Productions Kicked to the Curb Productions Anonymous Content Paramount Television Distributor Netflix Release Original network Netflix Picture format 4K ( Ultra HD ) Original release March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) -- present External links Website
Causes of the Great Depression
When the war came to an end in 1918 , all European nations that had been allied with the U.S. owed large sums of money to American banks , sums much too large to be repaid out of their shattered treasuries . This is one reason why the Allies had insisted ( to the consternation of Woodrow Wilson ) on reparation payments from Germany and Austria -- Hungary . Reparations , they believed , would provide them with a way to pay off their own debts . However , Germany and Austria - Hungary were themselves in deep economic trouble after the war ; they were no more able to pay the reparations than the Allies to pay their debts .
Utilitarianism
Apart from restating that happiness as an end is grounded in the nature of God , Paley also discusses the place of rules . He writes :
Potentiality and actuality
Within the works of Aristotle the terms energeia and entelecheia , often translated as actuality , differ from what is merely actual because they specifically presuppose that all things have a proper kind of activity or work which , if achieved , would be their proper end . Greek for end in this sense is telos , a component word in entelecheia ( a work that is the proper end of a thing ) and also teleology . This is an aspect of Aristotle 's theory of four causes and specifically of formal cause ( eidos , which Aristotle says is energeia ) and final cause ( telos ) .
Joey Potter
Drue Valentine Kissed Beginning : `` The Tao of Dawson '' ( 4.11 ) End : `` The Tao of Dawson '' ( 4.11 ) note : they got locked in a storage locker together , he caught her when she fell and kissed her . She pushed him away immediately , and punched him . She was in a relationship with Pacey . Charlie Todd Kissed Beginning : `` Something wild '' ( 5.11 ) Broke Up : `` Something wild '' ( 5.11 ) Reason : Because he cheated on Jen . Fling Beginning : `` 100 Light Years From Home '' ( 5.19 ) Broke Up : `` Separate Ways ( Worlds Apart ) '' ( 5.20 ) Reason : She tells him to go off and fulfill his dream of being a musician Elliot Almost Fling but never kissed Beginning : `` Sleeping Arrangements '' ( 5.12 ) Broke Up : `` Guerrilla Filmmaking '' ( 5.14 ) Reason : She met him when she was n't over Dawson . Then she thought he slept with Audrey , and after finding out he never slept with her , she gives him another second chance . But she later bails on a date with him ( by claiming she was sick ) to go to a thing with Wilder who she later kissed and the next day tells him she ca n't go out with him off - screen . Professor David Wilder Kissed / Almost Fling Beginning : `` Something Wilder '' ( 5.13 ) Broke Up : `` In A Lonely Place '' ( 5.16 ) Reason : Joey inadvertently stands David up after getting mugged . This gives him the time to reflect upon the relationship and he realizes that he ca n't have an affair with a student . Eddie Doling First Kiss : `` Instant Karma ! '' ( 6.04 ) Eddie thinks she only kissed him to get back at Dawson ; so it does n't lead to anything until later episodes .
Potentiality and actuality
Sachs therefore proposed a complex neologism of his own , `` being - at - work - staying - the - same '' . Another translation in recent years is `` being - at - an - end '' ( which Sachs has also used ) .
Euthanasia
A 2010 survey in the United States of more than 10,000 physicians found that 16.3 % of physicians would consider halting life - sustaining therapy because the family demanded it , even if they believed that it was premature . Approximately 54.5 % would not , and the remaining 29.2 % responded `` it depends '' . The study also found that 45.8 % of physicians agreed that physician - assisted suicide should be allowed in some cases ; 40.7 % did not , and the remaining 13.5 % felt it depended .
Mercy rule
Due to the untimed nature of innings , some leagues either impose caps on the number of runs that can be scored in one inning ( usually in the 4 - 8 range ) or limit the number of plate appearances in an inning ( typically , such a limit will consist of one rotation of the batting order ) . Such rules ensure that games will complete in a reasonable length of time , but it can also mean that a lead of a certain size becomes insurmountable by the cap , which can be prevented by not invoking the rule in such circumstances .
Gotham City
The East End is an underdeveloped part of Gotham laden with poverty , crime , prostitution , and the circulation of illegal drugs and weapons . Catwoman takes an active interest in protecting this area .
Mercy rule
Earlier in 2016 , the game between Texas State and Arkansas saw the fourth quarter shortened to 10 minutes when severe thunderstorms were approaching Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium . The Razorbacks led 42 -- 3 at the end of the third quarter , and the final period was scoreless .
13 Reasons Why
Jessica shows the threatening note she was left before her testimony to Mr Porter . Alex continues to be frustrated about not being able to remember anything and asks Clay for the tapes , who sends them to him . Jessica and Alex skip school and share a kiss . Clay also finds a second Polaroid photograph in his locker , which shows Bryce having sex with an unconscious girl , alongside a note saying `` he wo n't stop '' . Testified : Marcus Cole , who lies about what happened with Hannah the night they went out . 18 5 `` The Chalk Machine '' Eliza Hittman Nic Sheff May 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 18 ) Tyler is confronted by Mr Porter , who suspects he was behind the pictures of Jessica found in the classroom before her testimony , but he denies involvement . Ryan testifies and talks about Hannah 's poems , saying they were written about Justin and that she and Justin maintained contact even after falling out . Afterwards , Olivia invites Ryan to help her decipher Hannah 's poems for additional clues , but Ryan soon leaves after Olivia mentions missing pages in Hannah 's journal , which Ryan had torn out . Clay realizes the Polaroid photos were taken at school and attempts to find out where . Chlöe meets with Bryce 's parents and his mother notices bruises on her . Jessica attends her first group therapy session . Mr Porter finds a brick thrown through his car window , with a threatening note attached ; he later confronts Justin 's mother and is arrested after a violent incident with her boyfriend . Testified : Ryan Shaver , who talks about the poems he wrote with Hannah and who she wrote them about . 19 6 `` The Smile at the End of the Dock '' Eliza Hittman Julia Bicknell May 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 18 ) Zach testifies and reveals that he and Hannah had a romantic relationship the summer before she died , but they kept it secret . After the testimony , Clay reacts angrily and confronts Zach , ignoring his apologies , while Bryce teases Zach about his relationship , prompting a small fight between them . Justin returns to school and talks to Jessica , but she asks him to leave .
Mercantilism
Scholars are also divided over the cause of mercantilism 's end . Those who believe the theory was simply an error hold that its replacement was inevitable as soon as Smith 's more accurate ideas were unveiled . Those who feel that mercantilism amounted to rent seeking hold that it ended only when major power shifts occurred . In Britain , mercantilism faded as the Parliament gained the monarch 's power to grant monopolies . While the wealthy capitalists who controlled the House of Commons benefited from these monopolies , Parliament found it difficult to implement them because of the high cost of group decision making .
Gospel of Mark
The earliest and most reliable manuscripts of Mark end at Mark 16 : 8 , with the women fleeing in fear from the empty tomb : the majority of recent scholars believe this to be the original ending , and this is supported by statements from the early Church Fathers Eusebius and Jerome . Two attempts were made to provide a more satisfactory conclusion . A minority of later manuscripts have what is called the `` shorter ending '' , an addition to Mark 16 : 8 telling how the women told `` those around Peter '' all that the angel had commanded and how the message of eternal life ( or `` proclamation of eternal salvation '' ) was then sent out by Jesus himself . This addition differs from the rest of Mark both in style and in its understanding of Jesus . The overwhelming majority of manuscripts have the `` longer ending '' , Mark 16 : 9 -- 20 , with accounts of the resurrected Jesus , the commissioning of the disciples to proclaim the gospel , and Christ 's ascension . This ending was possibly written in the early 2nd century and added later in the same century .