vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Latin America
The term has become associated with neoliberal policies in general and drawn into the broader debate over the expanding role of the free market , constraints upon the state , and US influence on other countries ' national sovereignty .
Origin of language
In the Old Testament , the Book of Genesis ( 11 ) says that God prevented the Tower of Babel from being completed through a miracle that made its construction workers start speaking different languages . After this , they migrated to other regions , grouped together according to which of the newly created languages they spoke , explaining the origins of languages and nations outside of the fertile crescent .
Origin of language
The search for the origin of language has a long history rooted in mythology . Most mythologies do not credit humans with the invention of language but speak of a divine language predating human language . Mystical languages used to communicate with animals or spirits , such as the language of the birds , are also common , and were of particular interest during the Renaissance .
Apollo
From his eastern origin Apollo brought the art of inspection of `` symbols and omina '' ( σημεία και τέρατα : semeia kai terata ) , and of the observation of the omens of the days . The inspiration oracular - cult was probably introduced from Anatolia . The ritualism belonged to Apollo from the beginning . The Greeks created the legalism , the supervision of the orders of the gods , and the demand for moderation and harmony . Apollo became the god of shining youth , the protector of music , spiritual - life , moderation and perceptible order . The improvement of the old Anatolian god , and his elevation to an intellectual sphere , may be considered an achievement of the Greek people .
Balkans
The word `` Balkan '' comes from Ottoman Turkish balkan ' a chain of wooded mountains `` ; related words are also found in other Turkic languages . The origin of the Turkic word is obscure ; it may be related to Persian bālk meaning `` mud '' , and the Turkish suffix an , i.e. , swampy forest or Persian balā - khāna ' big high house ' .
Philippines
There are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos . F. Landa Jocano theorizes that the ancestors of the Filipinos evolved locally . Wilhelm Solheim 's Island Origin Theory postulates that the peopling of the archipelago transpired via trade networks originating in the Sundaland area around 48,000 to 5000 BC rather than by wide - scale migration . The Austronesian Expansion Theory explains that Malayo - Polynesians coming from Taiwan began migrating to the Philippines around 4000 BC , displacing earlier arrivals .
Origin of language
Those who see language as a socially learned tool of communication , such as Michael Tomasello , see it developing from the cognitively controlled aspects of primate communication , these being mostly gestural as opposed to vocal . Where vocal precursors are concerned , many continuity theorists envisage language evolving from early human capacities for song .
Origin of language
Larynx Anatomy of the larynx , anterolateral view Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata )
Hurdling
The shuttle hurdle relay has a maximum of only 4 teams , since most tracks only have 8 lanes . Two lanes will be taken up by one team . The # 1 and # 3 runners on the team will run in one direction down one specific lane and the # 2 and # 4 runners will run in the opposite direction in the other lane . The runners on each team go in sequence from 1 to 4 .
2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
The R64 , R32 , S16 , E8 , F4 , CG , and NC columns indicate how many teams from each conference were in the round of 64 ( second round ) , round of 32 ( third round ) , Sweet 16 , Elite Eight , Final Four , championship game , and national champion , respectively . The Big South and NEC each had one representative , eliminated in the first round with a record of 0 -- 1 . The America East Conference , Big Sky , Big West , Horizon League , MAAC , MAC , OVC , Patriot League , Southern Conference , Southland Conference , Summit League , SWAC , and WAC each had one representative , eliminated in the second round with a record of 0 -- 1 . The Sun Belt Conference had two representatives , one eliminated in the first round and the other in the second round , with a record of 0 -- 2 .
2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
The 2013 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament was a single - elimination tournament that involved 68 teams playing to determine the national champion of men 's NCAA Division I college basketball . It began on March 19 , 2013 , and concluded with the championship game on April 8 , 2013 , at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta . This was the 75th edition of the NCAA Men 's Basketball Championship , dating to 1939 .
WWE Mixed Match Challenge
( * * ) - This team won a Second Chance poll , earning 40 % of the votes , to re-enter the tournament .
Wicked Witch of the West
The Witch of the West appears as one of the main characters in the first season of Emerald City , portrayed by Ana Ularu . Here she is one of the last Cardinal Witches of Oz and the `` Mistress of the Western Fields , Vessel of Truth and Solace '' , along with her sisters Glinda of the North and the Witch of the East . West seemingly obeys the Wizard of Oz 's law against magic , owns a brothel in the Emerald City and is a poppy opium addict , deteriorating her magical skill . She is very emotional , especially when compared to the reserved behavior of Glinda 's . Despite claiming to hate magic because it could not save her mother and sister witches during the Beast Forever 's last attack , she resorts to it quickly when in pursuit of Dorothy after she accidentally killed East .
Nile
North of Cairo , the Nile splits into two branches ( or distributaries ) that feed the Mediterranean : the Rosetta Branch to the west and the Damietta to the east , forming the Nile Delta .
Western (genre)
A number of visual artists focused their work on representations of the American Old West . American West - oriented art is sometimes referred to as `` Western Art '' by Americans . This relatively new category of art includes paintings , sculptures , and sometimes Native American crafts . Initially , subjects included exploration of the Western states and cowboy themes . Frederic Remington and Charles M. Russell are two artists who captured the `` Wild West '' on canvas . Some art museums , such as the Buffalo Bill Center of the West in Wyoming and the Autry National Center in Los Angeles , feature American Western Art .
Albuquerque, New Mexico
The last significant area of Albuquerque geologically is the West Mesa : this is the elevated land west of the Rio Grande , including `` West Bluff '' , the sandy terrace immediately west and above the river , and the rather sharply defined volcanic escarpment above and west of most of the developed city . The west mesa commonly has soils often referred to as `` blow sand '' , along with occasional clay and caliche and even basalt , nearing the escarpment .
Western Canada
In Canadian politics , the term `` the West '' is used misleadingly in Canadian media style guides as shorthand for the Conservative leanings of Western Canadians , as contrasted with the greater likelihood for candidates from either the Liberal Party of Canada or the New Democratic Party ( NDP ) to be elected in Central Canada . Exceptions exist , particularly in British Columbia , as well as in the prairie city of Winnipeg , and where the Liberal Party hold seats , as well as in other major urban centres such as Edmonton where Liberal and NDP candidates have been elected in recent history . The social democratic NDP had its origins on the Canadian Prairies and in the mining and pulp mill towns and railway camps of British Columbia , and has a history of support in Manitoba , and British Columbia .
Southwestern United States
The early 1880s also saw the completion of the second transcontinental railroad , which ran through the heart of the Southwest , called the `` Sante Fe Route '' . It ran from Chicago , down through Topeka , then further south to Albuquerque , before heading almost due west through northern Arizona to Los Angeles .
Southwestern United States
However , as territories and eventual states to the west were added after the Mexican -- American War , the geographical `` Southwest '' expanded , and the relationship of these new acquisitions to the South itself became `` increasingly unclear . ''
Latin America
In his famous 1962 book The Rise of the West , William Hardy McNeill wrote that :
First Transcontinental Railroad
The construction of what presumably is -- or is suggested to be -- the Transcontinental Railroad provides the backdrop of the 1968 epic spaghetti western Once Upon a Time in the West , directed by Italian director Sergio Leone .
San Jose, California
Western Seminary has one of its four campuses in San Jose , which opened on the campus of Calvary Church of Los Gatos in 1985 . The campus relocated in 2010 to Santa Clara . Western is an evangelical , Christian graduate school that provides theological training for students who hope to serve in a variety of ministry roles including pastors , marriage and family therapists , educators , missionaries and lay leadership . The San Jose campus offers four master 's degrees , and a variety of other graduate - level programs .
San Jose, California
WestMed College is headquartered in San Jose and offers paramedic training , emergency medical technician training , and licensed vocational nursing programs .
Labor history of the United States
The Western Federation of Miners ( WFM ) was created in 1893 . Frequently in competition with the American Federation of Labor , the WFM spawned new federations , including the Western Labor Union ( later renamed to the American Labor Union ) . The WFM took a conservative turn in the aftermath of the Colorado Labor Wars and the trials of its president , Charles Moyer , and its secretary treasurer , Big Bill Haywood , for the conspiratorial assassination of Idaho 's former governor . Although both were found innocent , the WFM , headed by Moyer , separated itself from the Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW ) ( launched by Haywood and other labor radicals , socialists , and anarchists in 1905 ) just a few years after that organization 's founding convention . In 1916 the WFM became the International Union of Mine , Mill , and Smelter Workers , which was eventually absorbed by the United Steelworkers of America .
Geography of West Bengal
The Western plateau and highlands forms the eastern fringes of the Chota Nagpur Plateau and is made up of igneous rocks of the Archaean era as well as coal - bearing mudstone and quartzite rocks of Carboniferous period . The western part of Purulia , Bankura , Birbhum , Bardhaman and Paschim Medinipur district constitutes this area . Because of long and continuous erosion , the whole region has been transformed into an undulating peneplain . This area is interspersed by small monadnocks locally known as tila . Some of the important hills in the area include Ajodhya Hills ( 677 m ) , Panchet ( 643 m ) and Baghmundi of Purulia , Biharinath ( 452 m ) and Susunia ( 442 m ) of Bankura . The area has a slope from the west to the east . The altitude in the area ranges from 500 to 100 m . Gorgaburu in the Ayodhya Hills ( 677 m ) is the highest point in the region .
Midwestern United States
At the end of the American Revolution , there were few , if any , American settlers in the Midwest . However , the U.S. gained possession of the entire Midwest east of the Mississippi , and pioneers headed to Ohio , where large tracts had been awarded to war veterans . Beaver
McCulloch v. Maryland
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland that if any bank has established or shall , without authority from the State first had and obtained establish any branch , office of discount and deposit , or office of pay and receipt in any part of this State , it shall not be lawful for the said branch , office of discount and deposit , or office of pay and receipt to issue notes , in any manner , of any other denomination than five , ten , twenty , fifty , one hundred , five hundred and one thousand dollars , and no note shall be issued except upon stamped paper of the following denominations ; that is to say , every five dollar note shall be upon a stamp of ten cents ; every ten dollar note , upon a stamp of twenty cents ; every twenty dollar note , upon a stamp of thirty cents ; every fifty dollar note , upon a stamp of fifty cents ; every one hundred dollar note , upon a stamp of one dollar ; every five hundred dollar note , upon a stamp of ten dollars ; and every thousand dollar note , upon a stamp of twenty dollars ; which paper shall be furnished by the Treasurer of the Western Shore , under the direction of the Governor and Council , to be paid for upon delivery ; provided always that any institution of the above description may relieve itself from the operation of the provisions aforesaid by paying annually , in advance , to the Treasurer of the Western Shore , for the use of State , the sum of $15,000 .
The Bronx
Most east - west streets are prefixed with either East or West , to indicate on which side of Jerome Avenue they lie ( continuing the similar system in Manhattan , which uses Fifth Avenue as the dividing line ) .
Southwestern United States
From this perspective , almost all of the region 's physiographical traits , geological formations , and weather are contained within a box between 26 ° and 38 ° northern latitude , and 98 ° 30 ' and 124 ° western longitude .
Golden Gate Bridge
The main walkway is on the eastern side , and is open for use by both pedestrians and bicycles in the morning to mid-afternoon during weekdays ( 5 am to 3 : 30 pm ) , and to pedestrians only for the remaining daylight hours ( until 6 pm , or 9 pm during DST ) . The eastern walkway is reserved for pedestrians on weekends ( 5 am to 6 pm , or 9 pm during DST ) , and is open exclusively to bicyclists in the evening and overnight , when it is closed to pedestrians . The western walkway is open only for bicyclists and only during the hours when they are not allowed on the eastern walkway .
Geography of West Bengal
There are 23 districts and 5 divisions in West Bengal . The Burdwan Division consists of Paschim Bardhaman district , Purba Bardhaman , Birbhum , and Hooghly , Midnapur Division consists of Purba Midnapore , Paschim Medinipur , Jhargram , Bankura and Purulia , the Jalpaiguri Division consists of Alipurduar , Cooch Behar , Darjeeling , Jalpaiguri , and Kalimpong , the Malda Division consists of Uttar Dinajpur , Dakshin Dinajpur , Murshidabad and Malda , and the Presidency Division consists of Kolkata , Nadia , North 24 Parganas , South 24 Parganas and Howrah .
Key West, Florida
The original Key West settlement on the western part of the island is called `` Old Town '' and comprises the Key West Historic District . It includes the major tourist destinations of the island , including Mallory Square , Duval Street , the Truman Annex and Fort Zachary Taylor . It is where are found the classic bungalows and guest mansions .
Golden Horde
The eastern or left wing ( or `` left hand '' in official Mongolian - sponsored Persian sources ) was referred to as the Blue Horde in Russian chronicles and as the White Horde in Timurid sources ( e.g. Zafar - Nameh ) . Western scholars have tended to follow the Timurid sources ' nomenclature and call the left wing the White Horde . But Ötemish Hajji ( fl. 1550 ) , a historian of Khwarezm , called the left wing the Blue Horde , and since he was familiar with the oral traditions of the khanate empire , it seems likely that the Russian chroniclers were correct , and that the khanate itself called its left wing the Blue Horde . The khanate apparently used the term White Horde to refer to its right wing , which was situated in Batu 's home base in Sarai and controlled the ulus . However , the designations Golden Horde , Blue Horde , and White Horde have not been encountered in the sources of the Mongol period .
Geography of West Bengal
Each district is governed by a district collector or district magistrate , appointed either by the Indian Administrative Service or the West Bengal Civil Service . Each district is subdivided into Sub-Divisions , governed by a sub-divisional magistrate , and again into Blocks . Blocks consists of panchayats ( village councils ) and town municipalities Often the districts north of the Ganges i.e. , Cooch Behar , Darjeeling , Jalpaiguri , Alipurduar , North Dinajpur , South Dinajpur and Malda are together termed as North Bengal .
East Pakistan
In contrast to the desert and rugged mountainous terrain of West Pakistan , East Pakistan featured the world 's largest delta , 700 rivers and tropical hilly jungles .
History of West Africa
The area north of West Africa is primarily desert containing the Western Sahara . Ancient West Africa included the Sahara , which became a desert approximately 3000 BCE . During the last glacial period , the Sahara , extending south far beyond the boundaries that now exist .
Western (genre)
In many of Robert A. Heinlein 's books , the settlement of other planets is depicted in ways explicitly modeled on American settlement of the West . For example , in his Tunnel in the Sky settlers set out to the planet `` New Canaan '' , via an interstellar teleporter portal across the galaxy , in Conestoga wagons , their captain sporting mustaches and a little goatee and riding a Palomino horse -- with Heinlein explaining that the colonists would need to survive on their own for some years , so horses are more practical than machines .
Key West, Florida
Key West is 129 miles ( 208 km ) southwest of Miami by air , about 160 miles ( 260 km ) by car , and 106 miles ( 171 km ) north - northeast of Havana , Cuba . Cuba , at its closest point , is 94 miles ( 151 km ) south . Key West is a port of call for many passenger cruise ships . The Key West International Airport provides airline service . Naval Air Station Key West is an important year round training site for naval aviation due to the tropical weather , which is also the reason Key West was chosen as the Winter White House of President Harry S. Truman . The central business district is located along Duval Street and includes much of the northwestern corner of the island . The official city motto is `` One Human Family . ''
Melanie (singer)
In the 1960s , when she was starting out , Melanie performed at The Inkwell , a coffee house in the West End section of Long Branch , New Jersey . After school , her parents insisted that she go to college , so she studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York , where she began singing in the folk clubs of Greenwich Village and signed her first recording contract .
Apollo
Admetus Atymnius , otherwise known as a beloved of Sarpedon Branchus ( alternately , a son of Apollo ) Carnus Clarus Hippolytus of Sicyon ( not the same as Hippolytus , the son of Theseus ) Hymenaios Iapis Leucates , who threw himself off a rock when Apollo attempted to carry him off Phorbas ( probably the son of Triopas ) Potnieus
Boise, Idaho
West Boise is home to Boise Towne Square Mall , the largest in the state , as well as numerous restaurants , strip malls , and residential developments ranging from new subdivisions to apartment complexes . The Ada County jail and Hewlett Packard 's printing division are also located here . It is relatively the flattest section of Boise , with sweeping views of the Boise Front . West Boise also borders the city of Meridian , Idaho .
United States
State flags and statehood dates ( listed alphabetically ) Alabama : Dec. 14 , 1819 Alaska : Jan. 3 , 1959 Arizona : Feb. 14 , 1912 Arkansas : Jun. 15 , 1836 California : Sep. 9 , 1850 Colorado : Aug. 1 , 1876 Connecticut : Jan. 9 , 1788 Delaware : Dec. 7 , 1787 Florida : Mar. 3 , 1845 Georgia : Jan. 2 , 1788 Hawaii : Aug. 21 , 1959 Idaho : Jul. 3 , 1890 Illinois : Dec. 3 , 1818 Indiana : Dec. 11 , 1816 Iowa : Dec. 28 , 1846 Kansas : Jan. 29 , 1861 Kentucky : Jun. 1 , 1792 Louisiana : Apr. 30 , 1812 Maine : Mar. 15 , 1820 Maryland : Apr. 28 , 1788 Massachusetts : Feb. 6 , 1788 Michigan : Jan. 26 , 1837 Minnesota : May 11 , 1858 Mississippi : Dec. 10 , 1817 Missouri : Aug. 10 , 1821 Montana : Nov. 8 , 1889 Nebraska : Mar. 1 , 1867 Nevada : Oct. 31 , 1864 New Hampshire : Jun. 21 , 1788 New Jersey : Dec. 18 , 1787 New Mexico : Jan. 6 , 1912 New York : Jul. 26 , 1788 North Carolina : Nov. 21 , 1789 North Dakota : Nov. 2 , 1889 Ohio : Mar. 1 , 1803 Oklahoma : Nov. 16 , 1907 Oregon : Feb. 14 , 1859 Pennsylvania : Dec. 12 , 1787 Rhode Island : May 29 , 1790 South Carolina : May 23 , 1788 South Dakota : Nov. 2 , 1889 Tennessee : Jun. 1 , 1796 Texas : Dec. 29 , 1845 Utah : Jan. 4 , 1896 Vermont : Mar. 4 , 1791 Virginia : Jun. 25 , 1788 Washington : Nov. 11 , 1889 West Virginia : Jun. 20 , 1863 Wisconsin : May 29 , 1848 Wyoming : Jul. 10 , 1890 ( listed chronologically ) Dec. 7 , 1787 : Delaware Dec.
United States
12 , 1787 : Pennsylvania Dec. 18 , 1787 : New Jersey Jan. 2 , 1788 : Georgia Jan. 9 , 1788 : Connecticut Feb. 6 , 1788 : Massachusetts Apr. 28 , 1788 : Maryland May 23 , 1788 : South Carolina Jun. 21 , 1788 : New Hampshire Jun. 25 , 1788 : Virginia Jul. 26 , 1788 : New York Nov. 21 , 1789 : North Carolina May 29 , 1790 : Rhode Island Mar. 4 , 1791 : Vermont Jun. 1 , 1792 : Kentucky Jun. 1 , 1796 : Tennessee Mar. 1 , 1803 : Ohio Apr. 30 , 1812 : Louisiana Dec. 11 , 1816 : Indiana Dec. 10 , 1817 : Mississippi Dec. 3 , 1818 : Illinois Dec. 14 , 1819 : Alabama Mar. 15 , 1820 : Maine Aug. 10 , 1821 : Missouri Jun. 15 , 1836 : Arkansas Jan. 26 , 1837 : Michigan Mar. 3 , 1845 : Florida Dec. 29 , 1845 : Texas Dec. 28 , 1846 : Iowa May 29 , 1848 : Wisconsin Sep. 9 , 1850 : California May 11 , 1858 : Minnesota Feb. 14 , 1859 : Oregon Jan. 29 , 1861 : Kansas Jun. 20 , 1863 : West Virginia Oct. 31 , 1864 : Nevada Mar. 1 , 1867 : Nebraska Aug. 1 , 1876 : Colorado Nov. 2 , 1889 : North Dakota Nov. 2 , 1889 : South Dakota Nov. 8 , 1889 : Montana Nov. 11 , 1889 : Washington Jul. 3 , 1890 : Idaho Jul. 10 , 1890 : Wyoming Jan. 4 , 1896 : Utah Nov. 16 , 1907 : Oklahoma Jan. 6 , 1912 : New Mexico Feb. 14 , 1912 : Arizona Jan. 3 , 1959 : Alaska Aug. 21 , 1959 : Hawaii Statehood date is the date of ratifying the Constitution ( for the first 13 ) or being admitted to the Union ( for subsequent states )