vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Ryukyuan religion
The Ryukyuan religion is the indigenous belief system of the Ryukyu Islands . While specific legends and traditions may vary slightly from place to place and island to island , the Ryukyuan religion is generally characterized by ancestor worship ( more accurately termed `` ancestor respect '' ) and the respecting of relationships between the living , the dead , and the gods and spirits of the natural world . Some of its beliefs , such as those concerning genius loci spirits and many other beings classified between gods and humans , are indicative of its ancient animistic roots , as is its concern with mabui ( ま ぶ い ) , or life essence .
Old-Time Religion
The SATB musical arrangement popularized in the hymnals published by Charles Davis Tillman is the background song in the 1941 film Sergeant York . It is featured prominently in the film Inherit the Wind . It also appears in Russ Meyer 's penultimate movie Beneath the Valley of the Ultra-Vixens and in HBO 's Carnivàle . A popular version of `` Old Time Religion '' was done by The Caravans in 1954 with a young James Cleveland singing lead . Vocals in the group also included Cassietta George , Albertina Walker , Louise McDowell and Johneron Davis . This version introduced a different , lively upbeat and a new chorus all its own :
Horn of Africa
The ancient Axumite Kingdom produced coins and stelae associated with the disc and crescent symbols of the deity Ashtar . The kingdom later became one of the earliest states to adopt Christianity , following the conversion of King Ezana II in the 4th century . Engraving
Freedom of religion in the United States
Thomas Jefferson also played a large role in the formation of freedom of religion . He created the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom , which has since been incorporated into the Virginia State Constitution .
Libya
It is a member of the United Nations since 1955 , the Non-Aligned Movement , Arab League , OIC , and OPEC . The country 's official religion is Islam , with 96.6 % of the Libyan population being Sunni Muslims .
Golden Horde
Under Uzbeg and his successor Janibeg ( 1342 -- 1357 ) , Islam , which among some of the Turks in Eurasia had deep roots going back into pre-Mongol times , gained general acceptance , though its adherents remained tolerant of other beliefs . In order to successfully expand Islam , the Mongols built a mosque and other `` elaborate places '' requiring baths -- an important element of Muslim culture . Sarai attracted merchants from other countries . The slave trade flourished due to strengthening ties with the Mamluk Sultanate . Growth of wealth and increasing demand for products typically produce population growth , and so it was with Sarai . Housing in the region increased , which transformed the capital into the center of a large Muslim Sultanate .
Samoa
Article 1 of the Samoan Constitution states that `` Samoa is a Christian nation founded of God the Father , the Son and the Holy Spirit '' . Samoans ' religious adherence includes the following : Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8 % , Roman Catholic 19.4 % , Methodist 15.2 % , Assembly of God 13.7 % , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints 7.6 % , Seventh - day Adventist 3.9 % , Worship Centre 1.7 % , other Christian 5.5 % , other 0.7 % , none 0.1 % , unspecified 0.1 % ( 2011 estimate ) . The Head of State until 2007 , His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II , was a Bahá'í . Samoa hosts the seventh ( of nine current ) Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world ; completed in 1984 and dedicated by the Head of State , it is located in Tiapapata , 8 km ( 5 mi ) from Apia .
Ryukyuan religion
Over time , Ryukyuan religious practice has been influenced by Chinese religions ( Taoism , Confucianism , and folk beliefs ) , Buddhism and Japanese Shinto . One of its most ancient features is the belief onarigami ( お なり 神 ) , the spiritual superiority of women derived from Amamikyu , which allowed for the development of a noro ( priestess ) system and a significant following for yuta ( female mediums or shamans ) .
Relationship between religion and science
Modern historians of science such as J.L. Heilbron , Alistair Cameron Crombie , David Lindberg , Edward Grant , Thomas Goldstein , and Ted Davis have reviewed the popular notion that medieval Christianity was a negative influence in the development of civilization and science . In their views , not only did the monks save and cultivate the remnants of ancient civilization during the barbarian invasions , but the medieval church promoted learning and science through its sponsorship of many universities which , under its leadership , grew rapidly in Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries , St. Thomas Aquinas , the Church 's `` model theologian '' , not only argued that reason is in harmony with faith , he even recognized that reason can contribute to understanding revelation , and so encouraged intellectual development . He was not unlike other medieval theologians who sought out reason in the effort to defend his faith . Some of today 's scholars , such as Stanley Jaki , have claimed that Christianity with its particular worldview , was a crucial factor for the emergence of modern science .
Saudi Arabia
Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia and its law requires that all citizens be Muslims . Neither Saudi citizens nor guest workers have the right of freedom of religion . The official and dominant form of Islam in the kingdom -- Wahhabism -- arose in the central region of Najd , in the eighteenth century . Proponents call the movement `` Salafism '' , and believe that its teachings purify the practice of Islam of innovations or practices that deviate from the seventh - century teachings of Muhammad and his companions . The Saudi government has often been viewed as an active oppressor of Shia Muslims because of the funding of the Wahabbi ideology which denounces the Shia faith . Prince Bandar bin Sultan , Saudi ambassador to the United States , stated : `` The time is not far off in the Middle East when it will be literally ' God help the Shia ' . More than a billion Sunnis have simply had enough of them . ''
Freedom of religion in the United States
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion , or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ; or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble , and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances .
Ganesha
Before the arrival of Islam , Afghanistan had close cultural ties with India , and the adoration of both Hindu and Buddhist deities was practiced . Examples of sculptures from the 5th to the 7th centuries have survived , suggesting that the worship of Ganesha was then in vogue in the region .
Republic of Ireland
Religious freedom is constitutionally provided for in Ireland . Christianity is the predominant religion , and while Ireland remains a predominantly Catholic country , the percentage of the population who identified as Catholic on the census has fallen sharply from 84.2 percent in the 2011 census to 78.3 percent in the most recent 2016 census . Other results from the 2016 census are : 4.2 % Protestant , 1.3 % as Muslim , and 9.8 % as having no religion . According to a Georgetown University study , before 2000 the country had one of the highest rates of regular Mass attendance in the Western world . While daily attendance was 13 % in 2006 , there was a reduction in weekly attendance from 81 % in 1990 to 48 % in 2006 , although the decline was reported as stabilising . In 2011 , it was reported that weekly Mass attendance in Dublin was just 18 % , with it being even lower among younger generations . St
Hindu temple
Many of these ancient shrines were roofless , some had toranas and roof . Ladkhan
Russian culture
The ancestors of many of today 's Russians adopted Orthodox Christianity in the 10th century . The 2007 International Religious Freedom Report published by the US Department of State said that approximately 100 million citizens consider themselves Russian Orthodox Christians . According to a poll by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center , 63 % of respondents considered themselves Russian Orthodox , 6 % of respondents considered themselves Muslim and less than 1 % considered themselves either Buddhist , Catholic , Protestant or Jewish . Another 12 % said they believe in God , but did not practice any religion , and 16 % said they are non-believers .
New Spain
Because the Roman Catholic Church had played such an important role in the Reconquista ( Christian reconquest ) of the Iberian peninsula from the Moors , the Church in essence became another arm of the Spanish government . The Spanish Crown granted it a large role in the administration of the state , and this practice became even more pronounced in the New World , where prelates often assumed the role of government officials . In addition to the Church 's explicit political role , the Catholic faith became a central part of Spanish identity after the conquest of last Muslim kingdom in the peninsula , the Emirate of Granada , and the expulsion of all Jews who did not convert to Christianity .
Relationship between religion and science
Prominent modern scientists who are atheists include evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins and Nobel Prize -- winning physicist Stephen Weinberg . Prominent scientists advocating religious belief include Nobel Prize -- winning physicist and United Church of Christ member Charles Townes , evangelical Christian and past head of the Human Genome Project Francis Collins , and climatologist John T. Houghton .
Confederate States of America
The veteran Confederate army of early 1862 was mostly twelve - month volunteers with terms about to expire . Enlisted reorganization elections disintegrated the army for two months . Officers pleaded with the ranks to re-enlist , but a majority did not . Those remaining elected majors and colonels whose performance led to officer review boards in October . The boards caused a `` rapid and widespread '' thinning out of 1700 incompetent officers . Troops thereafter would elect only second lieutenants .
History of education in the United States
Teachers organized themselves during the 1920s and 1930s . In 1917 , the National Education Association ( NEA ) was reorganized to better mobilize and represent teachers and educational staff . The rate of increase in membership was constant under the chairmanship of James Crabtree -- from 8,466 members in 1917 to 220,149 in 1931 . The rival American Federation of Teachers ( AFT ) was based in large cities and formed alliances with the local labor unions . The NEA identified as an upper - middle - class professional organization , while the AFT identified with the working class and the union movement .
Portuguese Mozambique
On 20 October 1954 , administrative reorganization caused Cabo Delgado and Mozambique districts to be split from Niassa . At the same time , the Sul do Save district was divided into Gaza , Inhambane and Lourenço Marques , while the Tete district was split from Manica and Sofala .
United States congressional committee
The modern committee structure stems from the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 , the first and most ambitious restructuring of the standing committee system since the committee system was first developed . The 1946 act reduced the number of House committees from 48 to 19 and the number of Senate committees from 33 to 15 . Jurisdictions of all committees were codified by rule in their respective chambers , which helped consolidate or eliminate many existing committees and minimize jurisdictional conflicts .
History of rail transport in the United States
Congress passed the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 ( sometimes called the `` 3R Act '' ) to salvage viable freight operations from the bankrupt Penn Central and other lines in the northeast , mid-Atlantic and midwestern regions , through the creation of the Consolidated Rail Corporation ( ConRail ) , a government - owned corporation . Conrail began operations in 1976 . The 3R Act also formed the United States Railway Association , another government corporation , taking over the powers of the ICC with respect to allowing the bankrupt railroads to abandon unprofitable lines .
Battle of Gettysburg
Thus , on June 3 , Lee 's army began to shift northward from Fredericksburg , Virginia . Following the death of Thomas J. `` Stonewall '' Jackson , Lee reorganized his two large corps into three new corps , commanded by Lt. Gen. James Longstreet ( First Corps ) , Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell ( Second ) , and Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill ( Third ) ; both Ewell and Hill , who had formerly reported to Jackson as division commanders , were new to this level of responsibility . The Cavalry Division remained under the command of Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart .
National Convention
During the summer the requisition of the levy was completed and by July the total strength of the army reached 650,000 . The difficulties were tremendous . The war production just started in September . The army was in the middle of the purge . In the spring of 1794 the amalgamation was undertaken . Two battalions of volunteers joined one battalion of regulars to constitute a demi - brigade , or regiment . At the same time the command was reconstituted . The purge ended with most of the nobles excluded . The new generation reached the highest ranks , and the War College ( Ecole de Mars ) received six young men from each district to improve the staff . Army commanders were to be appointed by the Convention .
Cheka
On December 1 , 1917 , the All - Russian Central Executive Committee ( VTsIK or TsIK ) reviewed a proposed reorganization of the VRK , and possible replacement of it . On December 5 , the Petrograd VRK published an announcement of dissolution and transferred its functions to the department of TsIK for the fight against `` counterrevolutionaries '' . On December 6 , the Council of People 's Commissars ( Sovnarkom ) strategized how to persuade government workers to strike across Russia . They decided that a special commission was needed to implement the `` most energetically revolutionary '' measures . Felix Dzerzhinsky ( the Iron Felix ) was appointed as Director and invited the participation of the following individuals : V.K. Averin , V.N. Vasilevsky , D.G. Yevseyev , N.A. Zhydelev , I.K. Ksenofontov , G.K. Ordjonikidze , Ya . Kh . Peters , K.A. Peterson , V.A. Trifonov .
Internal Revenue Service
In 1953 , President Truman 's reform plan was carried out and the `` patronage '' system of appointments was ended . The organization 's name was formally changed from `` Bureau of Internal Revenue '' to `` Internal Revenue Service '' . In 1954 the filing deadline was moved to April 15 .
Internal Revenue Service
The 1998 IRS Reform act changed the organization from geographically oriented to an organization based on four operating divisions .
History of the United States Merchant Marine
In May 1937 , Curran and other leaders of his Seamen 's Defense Committee reconstituted the group as the National Maritime Union . Holding its first convention in July , approximately 30,000 seamen switched their membership from the ISU to the NMU and Curran was elected president of the new organization . Within a year , the NMU had more than 50,000 members and most American shippers were under contract . SIU
King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)
In 1908 , the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally , with the former becoming the Territorial Force and the latter the Special Reserve ; the regiment now had one Reserve and two Territorial battalions .
Anglican Diocese of Leeds
Effective 1 January 2017 , several of the diocese 's deaneries were reorganised . Among these were all the deaneries of the Bradford archdeaconry , which were entirely redrawn from five into four , and the deaneries of Bowland and of Ewecross ( in Richmond and Craven archdeaconry ) , both of which had lost parishes in the diocese 's formation , merged into one deanery ( Bowland and Ewecross ) .
Internal Revenue Service
In 1919 the IRS was tasked with enforcement of laws relating to prohibition of alcohol sales and manufacture ; this was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Department of Justice in 1930 . After repeal in 1933 , the IRS resumed collection of taxes on beverage alcohol . The alcohol , tobacco and firearms activities of the bureau were segregated into the Bureau of Alcohol , Tobacco , Firearms and Explosives in 1972 .
New Spain
In 1787 during the Bourbon Reforms Veracruz became an intendancy , a new administrative unit . Valley
Cheka
In January 1918 , a subsection of the anti-counterrevolutionary effort was created to police bank officials . The structure of VCheKa was changing repeatedly . By March 1918 , when the organization came to Moscow , it contained the following sections : against counterrevolution , speculation , non-residents , and information gathering . By the end of 1918 -- 1919 , some new units were created : secretly operative , investigatory , of transportation , military ( special ) , operative , and instructional . By 1921 , it changed once again , forming the following sections : directory of affairs , administrative - organizational , secretly operative , economical , and foreign affairs .
Louisiana Purchase
Effective October 1 , 1804 , the purchased territory was organized into the Territory of Orleans ( most of which would become the state of Louisiana ) and the District of Louisiana , which was temporarily under control of the governor and judicial system of the Indiana Territory . The following year , the District of Louisiana was renamed the Territory of Louisiana , aka Louisiana Territory ( 1805 -- 1812 ) .
United States congressional committee
Congress has convened several other temporary review committees to analyze and make recommendations on ways to reform and improve the committee system . For example , the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 led to further reforms to open Congress to further public visibility , strengthen its decision - making capacities , and augment minority rights . The 1970 Act provided for recorded teller votes in the House 's Committee of the Whole ; allowed minority party committee members to call their own witnesses during a day of hearings ; established the Senate Committee on Veterans ' Affairs ; and enhanced the research capabilities of two legislative support agencies : the Congressional Research Service and the General Accounting Office .
French Revolution
Subsequently , the Law of 22 Prairial ( 10 June 1794 ) was repealed , and the ' Girondins ' expelled from the Convention in June 1793 , if not dead yet , were reinstated as Convention deputies . Disregarding
United Church of Christ
Conferences , like associations , are congregationally representative bodies , with each local church sending ordained and lay delegates . Most current UCC conferences were formed in the several years following the consummation of the national merger in 1961 , and in some instances were the unions of former Congregational Christian conferences ( led by superintendents ) and Evangelical and Reformed synods ( led by presidents , some of whom served only on a part - time basis ) . A few have had territorial adjustments since then ; only one conference , the Calvin Synod , composed of Hungarian - heritage Reformed congregations , received exemption from the geographical alignments , with its churches scattered from Connecticut westward to California and southward to Florida . Only one conference has ever withdrawn completely from the denomination : Puerto Rico , expressing disapproval of national UCC tolerance of homosexuality ( as well as that of a large number of mainland congregations ) , departed the denomination in 2006 , taking all of its churches . General
Cold War
An ineffectual start led to the conclusion that deeper structural changes were necessary and in June 1987 Gorbachev announced an agenda of economic reform called perestroika , or restructuring . Perestroika relaxed the production quota system , allowed private ownership of businesses and paved the way for foreign investment . These measures were intended to redirect the country 's resources from costly Cold War military commitments to more productive areas in the civilian sector .
Second Sino-Japanese War
The NRA expanded from about 1.2 million in 1937 to 5.7 million in August 1945 , organized in 300 divisions .
Arizona Public Service
In February 1985 , Arizona Public Service Company reorganized as a holding company , AZP Group Inc. , with APS as the leading subsidiary . It traded under the ticker symbol AZP. 1985 earnings reached a new record high at almost US $290 million , and by the end of the year the stock price had doubled from its 1984 low .
United States Postal Service
On March 18 , 1970 , postal workers in New York City -- upset over low wages and poor working conditions , and emboldened by the Civil Rights movement -- organized a strike against the United States government . The strike initially involved postal workers in only New York City , but it eventually gained support of over 210,000 United States Post Office Department workers across the nation . While the strike ended without any concessions from the Federal government , it did ultimately allow for postal worker unions and the government to negotiate a contract which gave the unions most of what they wanted , as well as the signing of the Postal Reorganization Act by President Richard Nixon on August 12 , 1970 . The Act replaced the cabinet - level Post Office Department with a new federal agency , the United States Postal Service , and took effect on July 1 , 1971 .
Court of Appeals of the Philippines
On August 23 , 1956 , the Court membership was expanded to 18 Justices per Republic Act No. 1605 . The number was hiked to 24 Justices as decreed by Republic Act No. 5204 approved on June 15 , 1968 . Ten years later , the unabated swelling of its dockets called for a much bigger Court of 45 Justices under Presidential Decree No. 1482 of June 10 , 1978 . Then came the Judiciary Reorganization on January 17 , 1983 through Executive Order No. 864 of President Marcos . The Court was renamed Intermediate Appellate Court and its membership enlarged to 51 Justices . However , only thirty - seven ( 37 ) Justices were appointed .
Cherokee
The United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians formed their government under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 and gained federal recognition in 1946 . Enrollment into the tribe is limited to people with a quarter or more of Cherokee blood . Many members of the UKB are descended from Old Settlers -- Cherokees who moved to Arkansas and Indian Territory before the Trail of Tears . Of the 12,000 people enrolled in the tribe , 11,000 live in Oklahoma . Their chief is Joe Bunch . The UKB operate a tribal casino , bingo hall , smokeshop , fuel outlets , truck stop , and gallery that showcases art and crafts made by tribal members . The tribe issues their own tribal vehicle tags .