vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
History of immigration to the United States
U.S. historical populations Country Immigrants before 1790 Population 1790 Africa 360,000 757,000 England * 230,000 2,100,000 Ulster Scotch - Irish * 135,000 300,000 Germany 103,000 270,000 Scotland * 48,500 150,000 Ireland * 8,000 ( Incl. in Scot - Irish ) Netherlands 6,000 100,000 Wales * 4,000 10,000 France 3,000 15,000 Jewish 1,000 2,000 Sweden 500 2,000 Other 50,000 200,000 British total 425,500 2,560,000 Total 950,000 3,900,000
Ancient Greece
During the Archaic period , the population of Greece grew beyond the capacity of its limited arable land ( according to one estimate , the population of ancient Greece increased by a factor larger than ten during the period from 800 BC to 400 BC , increasing from a population of 800,000 to a total estimated population of 10 to 13 million ) .
History of New Mexico
New Mexico population estimates , 1600 -- 1850 Date Spanish Pueblo 1600 700 80,000 1609 60 ? 1620 800 17,000 1638 800 40,000 1680 1,470 17,000 1749 4,353 10,658 1800 19,276 9,732 1820 28,436 9,923 1842 46,988 16,510
Indigenous Australians
The Tasmanian Aboriginal population are thought to have first crossed into Tasmania approximately 40,000 years ago via a land bridge between the island and the rest of mainland Australia during the last glacial period . Estimates of the population of the Aboriginal people of Tasmania , before European arrival , are in the range of 3,000 to 15,000 people although genetic studies have suggested significantly higher figures , which are supported by Indigenous oral traditions that indicate a reduction in population from diseases introduced by British and American sealers before settlement . The original population was further reduced to around 300 between 1803 and 1833 due to disease , warfare and other actions of British settlers . Despite over 170 years of debate over who or what was responsible for this near - extinction , no consensus exists on its origins , process , or whether or not it was genocide . However , using the `` UN definition , sufficient evidence exists to designate the Tasmanian catastrophe genocide . ''
Segovia
The population growth experienced during the nineteenth century accelerated steadily beginning around 1920 : 16,013 inhabitants that year , 33,360 in 1960 , 53,237 in 1981 . Since the 1980s growth has slowed markedly : 55,586 in 2004 and 56,047 in 2007 .
Catalonia
Historical population Year Pop . ± % 1900 1,966,382 -- 1910 2,084,868 + 6.0 % 1920 2,344,719 + 12.5 % 1930 2,791,292 + 19.0 % 1940 2,890,974 + 3.6 % 1950 3,240,313 + 12.1 % 1960 3,925,779 + 21.2 % 1970 5,122,567 + 30.5 % 1981 5,949,829 + 16.1 % 6,062,273 + 1.9 % 2000 6,174,547 + 1.9 % 7,462,044 + 20.9 % 2017 7,441,176 − 0.3 % Source : INE
Catalonia
In 1900 , the population of Catalonia was 1,966,382 people and in 1970 it was 5,122,567 . The sizeable increase of the population was due to the demographic boom in Spain during the 60s and early 70s as well as in consequence of large - scale internal migration from the rural economically weak regions to its more prospering industrial cities . In Catalonia that wave of internal migration arrived from several regions of Spain , especially from Andalusia , Murcia and Extremadura .
History of immigration to the United States
Population and Foreign Born 1790 to 1849 Census Population , Immigrants per Decade Census Population Immigrants Foreign Born % 1790 3,918,000 60,000 1800 5,236,000 60,000 1810 7,036,000 60,000 1820 10,086,000 60,000 1830 12,785,000 143,000 200,000 1.6 % 1840 17,018,000 599,000 800,000 4.7 % 1850 23,054,000 1,713,000 2,244,000 9.7 % 1 . The total number immigrating in each decade from 1790 to 1820 are estimates . 2 . The number of foreign born in 1830 and 1840 decades are extrapolations .
Colonial history of the United States
By the middle of the 18th century , New England 's population had grown dramatically , going from about 100,000 people in 1700 to 250,000 in 1725 and 375,000 in 1750 thanks to high birth rates and relatively high overall life expectancy . ( A 15 - year - old boy in 1700 could expect to live to about 63 . ) Colonists in Massachusetts , Connecticut , and Rhode Island continued to subdivide their land between farmers ; the farms became too small to support single families , and this threatened the New England ideal of a society of independent yeoman farmers .
Wales
The population of Wales doubled from 587,000 in 1801 to 1,163,000 in 1851 and had reached 2,421,000 by 1911 . Most of the increase came in the coal mining districts , especially Glamorganshire , which grew from 71,000 in 1801 to 232,000 in 1851 and 1,122,000 in 1911 . Part of this increase can be attributed to the demographic transition seen in most industrialising countries during the Industrial Revolution , as death rates dropped and birth rates remained steady . However , there was also large - scale migration into Wales during the Industrial Revolution . The English were the most numerous group , but there were also considerable numbers of Irish and smaller numbers of other ethnic groups , including Italians , who migrated to South Wales . Wales also received immigration from various parts of the British Commonwealth of Nations in the 20th century , and African - Caribbean and Asian communities add to the ethno - cultural mix , particularly in urban Wales . Many of these self - identify as Welsh .
Great Migration (African American)
In 1900 -- 01 , Chicago had a total population of 1,754,473 . By 1920 , the city had added more than 1 million residents . During the second wave of the Great Migration ( 1940 -- 60 ) , the African - American population in the city grew from 278,000 to 813,000 . African
Samoa
By 1918 , Samoa had a population of some 38,000 Samoans and 1,500 Europeans .
Alaska
Historical population Census Pop . % ± 1880 33,426 -- 1890 32,052 − 4.1 % 1900 63,592 98.4 % 1910 64,356 1.2 % 1920 55,036 − 14.5 % 1930 59,278 7.7 % 1940 72,524 22.3 % 1950 128,643 77.4 % 1960 226,167 75.8 % 1970 300,382 32.8 % 1980 401,851 33.8 % 1990 550,043 36.9 % 2000 626,932 14.0 % 710,231 13.3 % Est. 2017 739,795 4.2 % 1930 and 1940 censuses taken in preceding autumn Sources : 1910 -- 2010 , US Census Bureau 2016 Estimate
Vermont
Historical population Census Pop . % ± 1790 85,425 -- 1800 154,465 80.8 % 1810 217,895 41.1 % 1820 235,981 8.3 % 1830 280,652 18.9 % 1840 291,948 4.0 % 1850 314,120 7.6 % 1860 315,098 0.3 % 1870 330,551 4.9 % 1880 332,286 0.5 % 1890 332,422 0.0 % 1900 343,641 3.4 % 1910 355,956 3.6 % 1920 352,428 − 1.0 % 1930 359,611 2.0 % 1940 359,231 − 0.1 % 1950 377,747 5.2 % 1960 389,881 3.2 % 1970 444,330 14.0 % 1980 511,456 15.1 % 1990 562,758 10.0 % 2000 608,827 8.2 % 625,741 2.8 % Est. 2017 623,657 − 0.3 % Source : 1910 -- 2010 2015 Estimate
Thirteen Colonies
The colonial population rose to a quarter of a million during the 17th century , and to nearly 2.5 million on the eve of the American revolution . Perkins ( 1988 ) notes the importance of good health for the growth of the colonies : `` Fewer deaths among the young meant that a higher proportion of the population reached reproductive age , and that fact alone helps to explain why the colonies grew so rapidly . '' There were many other reasons for the population growth besides good health , such as the Great Migration .
Thirteen Colonies
The colonial population of Thirteen Colonies grew immensely in the 18th century . According to historian Alan Taylor , the population of the Thirteen Colonies stood at 1.5 million in 1750 , which represented four - fifths of the population of British North America . More than 90 percent of the colonists lived as farmers , though some seaports also flourished . In 1760 , the cities of Philadelphia , New York , and Boston had a population in excess of 16,000 , which was small by European standards . By 1770 , the economic output of the Thirteen Colonies made up forty percent of the gross domestic product of the British Empire .
Athenian democracy
Estimates of the population of ancient Athens vary . During the 4th century BC , there might well have been some 250,000 -- 300,000 people in Attica . Citizen families could have amounted to 100,000 people and out of these some 30,000 would have been the adult male citizens entitled to vote in the assembly . In the mid-5th century the number of adult male citizens was perhaps as high as 60,000 , but this number fell precipitously during the Peloponnesian War . This slump was permanent , due to the introduction of a stricter definition of citizen described below . From a modern perspective these figures may seem small , but among Greek city - states Athens was huge : most of the thousand or so Greek cities could only muster 1000 -- 1500 adult male citizens each ; and Corinth , a major power , had at most 15,000 .
Illinois
Historical population Census Pop . % ± 1800 2,458 -- 1810 12,282 399.7 % 1820 55,211 349.5 % 1830 157,445 185.2 % 1840 476,183 202.4 % 1850 851,470 78.8 % 1860 1,711,951 101.1 % 1870 2,539,891 48.4 % 1880 3,077,871 21.2 % 1890 3,826,352 24.3 % 1900 4,821,550 26.0 % 1910 5,638,591 16.9 % 1920 6,485,280 15.0 % 1930 7,630,654 17.7 % 1940 7,897,241 3.5 % 1950 8,712,176 10.3 % 1960 10,081,158 15.7 % 1970 11,113,976 10.2 % 1980 11,426,518 2.8 % 1990 11,430,602 0.0 % 2000 12,419,293 8.6 % 12,830,632 3.3 % Est. 2017 12,802,023 − 0.2 % Source : 1910 -- 2010 2015 Estimate
Philippines
The population of the Philippines increased from 1990 to 2008 by approximately 28 million , a 45 % growth in that time frame . The first official census in the Philippines was carried out in 1877 and recorded a population of 5,567,685 .
Easter Island
Jean - Baptiste Dutrou - Bornier bought up all of the island apart from the missionaries ' area around Hanga Roa and moved a few hundred Rapanui to Tahiti to work for his backers . In 1871 the missionaries , having fallen out with Dutrou - Bornier , evacuated all but 171 Rapanui to the Gambier islands . Those who remained were mostly older men . Six years later , only 111 people lived on Easter Island , and only 36 of them had any offspring . From that point on the island 's population slowly recovered . But with over 97 % of the population dead or gone in less than a decade , much of the island 's cultural knowledge had been lost .
Michigan
Historical population Census Pop . % ± 1800 3,757 -- 1810 4,762 26.8 % 1820 7,452 56.5 % 1830 28,004 275.8 % 1840 212,267 658.0 % 1850 397,654 87.3 % 1860 749,113 88.4 % 1870 1,184,059 58.1 % 1880 1,636,937 38.2 % 1890 2,093,890 27.9 % 1900 2,420,982 15.6 % 1910 2,810,173 16.1 % 1920 3,668,412 30.5 % 1930 4,842,325 32.0 % 1940 5,256,106 8.5 % 1950 6,371,766 21.2 % 1960 7,823,194 22.8 % 1970 8,875,083 13.4 % 1980 9,262,078 4.4 % 1990 9,295,297 0.4 % 2000 9,938,444 6.9 % 9,883,640 − 0.6 % Est. 2016 9,928,300 0.5 % Sources : 1910 -- 2010 2015 estimate
The Bronx
Historical population Census Pop . % ± 1790 1,781 -- 1800 1,755 − 1.5 % 1810 2,267 29.2 % 1820 2,782 22.7 % 1830 3,023 8.7 % 1840 5,346 76.8 % 1850 8,032 50.2 % 1860 23,593 193.7 % 1870 37,393 58.5 % 1880 51,980 39.0 % 1890 88,908 71.0 % 1900 200,507 125.5 % 1910 430,980 114.9 % 1920 732,016 69.8 % 1930 1,265,258 72.8 % 1940 1,394,711 10.2 % 1950 1,451,277 4.1 % 1960 1,424,815 − 1.8 % 1970 1,471,701 3.3 % 1980 1,168,972 − 20.6 % 1990 1,203,789 3.0 % 2000 1,332,650 10.7 % 1,385,108 3.9 % Est. 2017 1,471,160 6.2 % Sources : 1790 -- 1990 ;
Megacity
From around 1825 to 1918 London was the largest city in the world , with the population growing rapidly ; it was the first city to reach a population of over 5 million in 1900 . In 1950 , New York City was the only urban area with a population of over 10 million . Geographers had identified 25 such areas as of October 2005 , as compared with 19 megacities in 2004 and only nine in 1985 . This increase has happened as the world 's population moves towards the high ( 75 -- 85 % ) urbanization levels of North America and Western Europe .
Cahokia
At the high point of its development , Cahokia was the largest urban center north of the great Mesoamerican cities in Mexico and Central America . Although it was home to only about 1,000 people before c. 1050 , its population grew rapidly after that date . According to a 2007 study in Quaternary Science Reviews , `` Between AD 1050 and 1100 , Cahokia 's population increased from between 1400 and 2800 people to between 10,200 and 15,300 people '' . an estimate that applies only to a 1.8 km2 high density central occupation area . Archaeologists estimate the city 's population at between 6,000 and 40,000 at its peak , with more people living in outlying farming villages that supplied the main urban center . In the early 21st century , new residential areas were found to the west of Cahokia as a result of archeological excavations , increasing estimates of area population . If the highest population estimates are correct , Cahokia was larger than any subsequent city in the United States until the 1780s , when Philadelphia 's population grew beyond 40,000 . Moreover , according to the same population estimates , the population of 13th Century Cahokia was equal to or larger than the population of 13th Century London .
Long Island Sound
Historical population Census Pop . % ± 1800 567,470 -- 1850 1,000,660 -- 1900 2,442,150 -- 1950 6,021,880 -- 1970 8,037,310 -- 1980 7,799,300 − 3.0 % 2000 8,626,920 -- 8,934,094 3.6 % Long Island Watershed Population ( data taken from US Census 's )
Loyalist (American Revolution)
Before Calhoon 's work , estimates of the Loyalist share of the population were somewhat higher , at about one - third , but these estimates are now rejected as too high by most scholars . In 1968 historian Paul H. Smith estimated there were about 400,000 Loyalists , or 16 % of the white population of 2.25 million in 1780 .
Warsaw
Historical population Year Pop . ± % 1700 30,000 -- 1792 120,000 + 300.0 % 1800 63,400 − 47.2 % 1830 139,700 + 120.3 % 1850 163,600 + 17.1 % 1882 383,000 + 134.1 % 1901 711,988 + 85.9 % 1909 764,054 + 7.3 % 1925 1,003,000 + 31.3 % 1933 1,178,914 + 17.5 % 1939 1,300,900 + 10.3 % 1945 422,000 − 67.6 % 1950 803,800 + 90.5 % 1960 1,136,000 + 41.3 % 1970 1,315,600 + 15.8 % 1980 1,596,100 + 21.3 % 1,655,700 + 3.7 % 2000 1,672,400 + 1.0 % 2005 1,697,500 + 1.5 % 1,710,398 + 0.8 % 2015 1,744,351 + 2.0 % 2017 1,764,615 + 1.2 % Note : 2010 2014 2017
History of immigration to the United States
The 1790 population reflected the approximately 50,000 Loyalists , or `` Tories '' , who immigrated to Canada at the end of the American Revolution , and the less than 10,000 others who immigrated to other British possessions including England .
Baja California
Historical population Year Pop . ± % 1895 42,875 -- 1900 7,583 − 82.3 % 1910 9,760 + 28.7 % 1921 23,537 + 141.2 % 1930 48,327 + 105.3 % 1940 78,907 + 63.3 % 1950 226,965 + 187.6 % 1960 520,165 + 129.2 % 1970 870,421 + 67.3 % 1980 1,177,886 + 35.3 % 1,660,855 + 41.0 % 1995 2,112,140 + 27.2 % 2000 2,487,367 + 17.8 % 2005 2,844,469 + 14.4 % 3,155,070 + 10.9 % 2015 3,315,766 + 5.1 %
Great Migration (African American)
In 1910 , the African - American population of Detroit was 6,000 . The Great Migration , plus the immigration from eastern and southern Europe , rapidly turned the city into the country 's fourth - largest . By the start of the Great Depression in 1929 , the city 's African - American population had increased to 120,000 .
Arizona
Historical population Census Pop . % ± 1860 6,482 -- 1870 9,658 49.0 % 1880 40,440 318.7 % 1890 88,243 118.2 % 1900 122,931 39.3 % 1910 204,354 66.2 % 1920 334,162 63.5 % 1930 435,573 30.3 % 1940 499,261 14.6 % 1950 749,587 50.1 % 1960 1,302,161 73.7 % 1970 1,745,944 34.1 % 1980 2,718,215 55.7 % 1990 3,665,228 34.8 % 2000 5,130,632 40.0 % 6,392,017 24.6 % Est. 2015 6,828,065 6.8 % Sources : 1910 -- 2010 2015 estimate Note that early censuses may not include Native Americans in Arizona
United Kingdom
A census is taken simultaneously in all parts of the UK every ten years . The Office for National Statistics is responsible for collecting data for England and Wales , the General Register Office for Scotland and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency each being responsible for censuses in their respective countries . In the 2011 census the total population of the United Kingdom was 63,181,775 . It is the third - largest in the European Union , the fifth - largest in the Commonwealth and the 22nd - largest in the world . In mid-2014 and mid-2015 net long - term international migration contributed more to population growth . In mid-2012 and mid-2013 natural change contributed the most to population growth . Between 2001 and 2011 the population increased by an average annual rate of approximately 0.7 % . This compares to 0.3 % per year in the period 1991 to 2001 and 0.2 % in the decade 1981 to 1991 . The 2011 census also confirmed that the proportion of the population aged 0 -- 14 has nearly halved ( 31 % in 1911 compared to 18 in 2011 ) and the proportion of older people aged 65 and over has more than tripled ( from 5 to 16 % ) . It has been estimated that the number of people aged 100 or over will rise steeply to reach over 626,000 by 2080 .
Hawaii
Historical population Year Population Notes 1778 300,000 1805 264,160 1831 130,313 Census 1850 82,000 1853 73,134 2,119 foreigners 1872 56,897 1876 53,900 1884 80,000 The native population continues to decline . 1890 40,000 native Hawaiians 1900 154,001 About 25 % Hawaiian / part - Hawaiian ; 40 % Japanese ; 16 % Chinese ; 12 % Portuguese ; and about 5 % other Caucasian 1910 191,874 26,041 Hawaiians and 12,056 part - Hawaiians 1920 255,881 43 % of the population is of Japanese descent . 1930 368,336 1940 420,770 1950 499,794 1960 632,772 1970 769,913 1980 964,691 1990 1,108,228 2000 1,211,537 239,655 native Hawaiians ; Japanese : 21 % ; Filipino : 18 % ; Chinese : 8 % ; German : 6 % 1,360,301 10 % Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders ; Two or more races may include some of the remainder
Demographics of Mexico
According to the 2012 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 117,886,000 in 2010 , compared to only 28,296,000 in 1950 . The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 30 % , 64 % was between 15 and 65 years of age , while 6 % was 65 years or older .
History of United States prison systems
The onset of the eighteenth century brought major demographic and social change to colonial and , eventually post-colonial American life . The century was marked by rapid population growth throughout the colonies -- a result of lower mortality rates and increasing ( though small at first ) rates of immigration . In the aftermath of the Revolutionary War , this trend persisted . Between 1790 and 1830 , the population of the newly independent North American states greatly increased , and the number and density of urban centers did as well . The population of Massachusetts almost doubled in this period , while it tripled in Pennsylvania and increased five-fold in New York . In 1790 , no American city had more than fifty thousand residents ; however , by 1830 nearly 500,000 people lived in cities larger than that .
Hawaii
After Europeans and mainland Americans first arrived during the Kingdom of Hawaii period , the overall population of Hawaii , until that time composed solely of indigenous Hawaiians , fell dramatically . The indigenous Hawaiian population succumbed to foreign diseases , declining from 300,000 in the 1770s , to 60,000 in the 1850s , to 24,000 in 1920 . The population of Hawaii began to finally increase after an influx of primarily Asian settlers that arrived as migrant laborers at the end of the 19th century .
Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population . The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347 , although the exact causes remain unclear : improved agricultural techniques , the decline of slaveholding , a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all been suggested . As much as 90 per cent of the European population remained rural peasants . Many were no longer settled in isolated farms but had gathered into small communities , usually known as manors or villages . These peasants were often subject to noble overlords and owed them rents and other services , in a system known as manorialism . There remained a few free peasants throughout this period and beyond , with more of them in the regions of Southern Europe than in the north . The practice of assarting , or bringing new lands into production by offering incentives to the peasants who settled them , also contributed to the expansion of population .
New Mexico
Historical population Census Pop . % ± 1850 61,547 -- 1860 93,516 51.9 % 1870 91,874 − 1.8 % 1880 119,565 30.1 % 1890 160,282 34.1 % 1900 195,310 21.9 % 1910 327,301 67.6 % 1920 360,350 10.1 % 1930 423,317 17.5 % 1940 531,818 25.6 % 1950 681,187 28.1 % 1960 951,023 39.6 % 1970 1,017,055 6.9 % 1980 1,303,302 28.1 % 1990 1,515,069 16.2 % 2000 1,819,046 20.1 % 2,059,179 13.2 % Est. 2017 2,088,070 1.4 % Source : 1910 -- 2010 2015 estimate
Ottawa
Historic Population Year Pop . ± % 1901 101,102 -- 1911 123,417 + 22.1 % 1921 152,868 + 23.9 % 1931 174,056 + 13.9 % 1941 206,367 + 18.6 % 1951 246,298 + 19.3 % 1956 287,244 + 16.6 % 1961 358,410 + 24.8 % 1966 413,695 + 15.4 % 1971 471,931 + 14.1 % 1976 520,533 + 10.3 % 1981 546,849 + 5.1 % 1986 606,639 + 10.9 % 1991 678,147 + 11.8 % 721,136 + 6.3 % 774,072 + 7.3 % 2006 812,129 + 4.9 % 2011 883,391 + 8.8 % 2016 934,243 + 5.8 % Note : Population figures are extrapolated for current municipal boundaries Sources : Chart format
History of Puerto Rico
The last half of the 19th century was marked by the Puerto Rican struggle for sovereignty . A census conducted in 1860 revealed a population of 583,308 . Of these , 300,406 ( 51.5 % ) were white and 282,775 ( 48.5 % ) were persons of color , the latter including people of primarily African heritage , mulattos and mestizos . The majority of the population in Puerto Rico was illiterate ( 83.7 % ) and lived in poverty , and the agricultural industry -- at the time , the main source of income -- was hampered by lack of road infrastructure , adequate tools and equipment , and natural disasters , including hurricanes and droughts . The economy also suffered from increasing tariffs and taxes imposed by the Spanish Crown . Furthermore , Spain had begun to exile or jail any person who called for liberal reforms . The
Rocky Mountains
Human population is not very dense in the Rocky Mountains , with an average of four people per square kilometer and few cities with over 50,000 people . However , the human population grew rapidly in the Rocky Mountain states between 1950 and 1990 . The 40 - year statewide increases in population range from 35 % in Montana to about 150 % in Utah and Colorado . The populations of several mountain towns and communities have doubled in the last 40 years . Jackson Hole , Wyoming , increased 260 % , from 1,244 to 4,472 residents , in 40 years .
Brittany
In 1851 , Brittany had around 2.7 million inhabitants and the demographic growth stayed low until the second half of the 20th century , mainly because of an important emigration . Brittany had 3.2 million inhabitants in 1962 and the growth was mainly due to Loire - Atlantique and the steady growth of Nantes . Without the Loire - Atlantique 's figures , the Breton population only numbered 2.4 million in 1962 , nearly unchanged from its population of 2.3 million in 1851 . After the 1960s , the whole region has had a strong demographic growth because of the decline of the traditional emigration to richer French regions . Instead , Brittany has become attractive , particularly for families , young retired persons and active people over 35 years old .
Vermont
According to the United States Census Bureau , as of April 15 , 2015 , Vermont has an estimated population of 626,042 , which was an increase of 297 , since April 15 , 2010 . This includes a natural increase 3,178 ( 31,716 births minus 28,538 deaths ) and a decrease due to net migration of 2,432 people out of the state . In 2006 it had the second lowest birthrate in the nation , 42 / 1000 women . The center of population of Vermont is located in Washington County , in the town of Warren .