vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
History of Puerto Rico
Following the Grito de Lares revolt , political and social reforms occurred toward the end of the 19th century . On June 4 , 1870 , due to the efforts of Román Baldorioty de Castro , Luis Padial and Julio Vizcarrondo , the Moret Law was approved , giving freedom to slaves born after September 17 , 1868 or over 60 years old ; on March 22 , 1873 , the Spanish National Assembly officially abolished , with a few special clauses , slavery in Puerto Rico . In 1870 , the first political organizations on the island were formed as two factions emerged . The Traditionalists , known as the Partido Liberal Conservador ( Liberal Conservative Party ) were led by José R. Fernández , Pablo Ubarri and Francisco Paula Acuña and advocated assimilation into the political party system of Spain . The Autonomists , known as the Partido Liberal Reformista ( Liberal Reformist Party ) were led by Román Baldorioty de Castro , José Julián Acosta , Nicolás Aguayo and Pedro Gerónimo Goico and advocated decentralization away from Spanish control . Both parties would later change their names to Partido Incondicional Español ( Unconditional Spanish Party ) and Partido Federal Reformista ( Reformist Federal Party ) , respectively . In March 1887 , the Partido Federal Reformista was reformed and named the Partido Autonomista Puertorriqueño ( Puerto Rican Autonomist Party ) ; it tried to create a political and legal identity for Puerto Rico while emulating Spain in all political matters . It was led by Román Baldorioty de Castro , José Celso Barbosa , Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón and Luis Muñoz Rivera . Flag
Territorial evolution of the United States
Caroline Island was claimed by the United Kingdom . Pacific Ocean : July 13 , 1868 Alabama was readmitted to Congress . July 25 , 1868 Georgia was readmitted to Congress . Wyoming Territory was organized from portions of Dakota , Idaho , and Utah Territories , bounded by 41st and 45th parallels north , and the 27th and 34th meridians west from Washington . The territory would remain under the jurisdiction of the Dakota Territory until its own government was organized on May 19 , 1869 . The act organizing Wyoming Territory became law on this date , but it is unclear if the territory could be considered `` organized '' until May 19 , 1869 , as the act specifies it was not to take effect until a government is organized ; however , all sources use this date as the creation , and most use it for the organization , of the territory . A tiny portion of the Dakota Territory was erroneously left behind on the western side of Wyoming Territory . August 12 , 1868 The list of bonded guano island claims mentions `` Islands in Caribbean Sea not named '' bonded on this date , but it is unknown what this is referring to . no change to map December 11 , 1868 Serrana Bank was claimed under the Guano Islands Act . Colombia has claimed it throughout its history . Caribbean Sea : March 3 , 1869 Georgia was again expelled from Congress following failures of Reconstruction in the state . November 22 , 1869 Bajo Nuevo Bank , Pedro Cays , Quita Sueño Bank , and Roncador Bank were claimed under the Guano Islands Act . Except for Pedro Cays , Colombia has claimed them throughout its history . Caribbean Sea : January 26 , 1870 Virginia was readmitted to Congress . February 23 , 1870 Mississippi was readmitted to Congress . March 30 , 1870 Texas was readmitted to Congress . July 15 , 1870 Georgia was again readmitted to Congress . The North - Western Territory was transferred by the United Kingdom to Canada , thus transferring its portion of the Alaska boundary dispute . Northwestern North America : February 9 , 1871 A small parcel was transferred from Dakota Territory to Nebraska following a sudden change in course of the Missouri River . July 20 , 1871 British Columbia joined Canada , transferring the dispute over the San Juan Islands as well as its portion of the Alaska boundary dispute .
Coahuila y Tejas
The state remained in existence until the adoption of the 1835 `` Constitutional Bases '' , whereby the federal republic was converted into a unitary one , and the nation 's states ( estados ) were turned into departments ( departamentos ) . The State of Coahuila and Texas was split in two and became the Department of Coahuila and the Department of Texas .
Committee of Public Safety
After Robespierre 's election to the Committee on 27 July 1793 , the Committee increased its membership to twelve . The list below represents the Committee 's membership .
Corazon Aquino
In May 1986 , the reorganized Supreme Court declared the Aquino government as `` not merely a de facto government but in fact and law a de jure government '' , whose legitimacy had been affirmed by the community of nations . This Supreme Court decision affirmed the status of Aquino as the rightful leader of the Philippines . To fast - track the restoration of a full constitutional government and the writing of a new charter , she appointed 48 members of the 1986 Constitutional Commission ( `` Con - Com '' ) , led by retired activist Supreme Court Associate Justice Cecilia Muñoz - Palma . The Con - Com completed its final draft in October 1986 . On February 2 , 1987 , the new Constitution of the Philippines , which put strong emphasis on civil liberties , human rights and social justice , was overwhelmingly approved by the Filipino people . The ratification of the new Constitution was followed by the election of senators and congress that same year and the holding of local elections in 1988 .
House of Lords
Of the Church of Ireland 's ecclesiastics , four ( one archbishop and three bishops ) were to sit at any one time , with the members rotating at the end of every parliamentary session ( which normally lasted about one year ) . The Church of Ireland , however , was disestablished in 1871 , and thereafter ceased to be represented by Lords Spiritual . Bishops of Welsh sees in the Church of England originally sat in the House of Lords ( after 1847 , only if their seniority within the Church entitled them to ) , but the Church in Wales ceased to be a part of the Church of England in 1920 and was simultaneously disestablished in Wales . Accordingly , bishops of the Church in Wales were no longer eligible to be appointed to the House as bishops of the Church of England , but those already appointed remained .
Grand jury
From 1691 to 1793 , Dissenters and Roman Catholics were excluded from membership . The concentration of power and wealth in a few families caused resentment over time . The whole local government system started to become more representative from the passing of the Municipal Corporations ( Ireland ) Act 1840 . Grand juries were replaced by democratically elected County Councils by the Local Government ( Ireland ) Act 1898 , as regards their administrative functions .
History of the Church of England
During the short reign of Edward VI , Henry 's son , Cranmer and others moved the Church of England significantly towards a more reformed position , which was reflected in the development of the second prayer book ( 1552 ) and in the Forty - Two Articles . This reform was reversed abruptly in the reign of Queen Mary , a Roman Catholic who re-established communion with Rome following her accession in 1553 .
New Spain
In 1787 , Puebla became an intendancy as part of the new administrative structuring of the Bourbon Reforms . Valley
Central Intelligence Agency
On March 6 , 2015 , the office of the D / CIA issued an unclassified edition of a statement by the Director , titled `` Our Agency 's Blueprint for the Future '' , as a press release for public consumption . The press release announced sweeping plans for the reorganization and reform of the CIA , which the Director believes will bring the CIA more in line with the agency doctrine called the ' Strategic Direction ' . Among the principal changes disclosed include the establishment of a new directorate , the Directorate of Digital Innovation , which is responsible for designing and crafting the digital technology to be used by the agency , to keep the CIA always ahead of its enemies . The Directorate of Digital Innovation will also train CIA staff in the use of this technology , to prepare the CIA for the future , and it will also use the technological revolution to deal with cyber-terrorism and other perceived threats . The new directorate will be the chief cyber-espionage arm of the agency going forward .
Cheka
In the autumn of 1918 , as consolidation of the political situation of the republic continued , a move toward elimination of Uyezd - , Raion - , and Volost - level Chekas , as well as the institution of Extraordinary Commissions was considered . On January 20 , 1919 , VTsIK adopted a resolution prepared by VCheKa , On the abolition of Uyezd Extraordinary Commissions . On January 16 the presidium of VCheKa approved the draft on the establishment of the Politburo at Uyezd militsiya . This decision was approved by the Conference of the Extraordinary Commission IV , held in early February 1920 .
Indian Rebellion of 1857
The inefficiencies of the old organisation , which had estranged sepoys from their British officers , were addressed , and the post-1857 units were mainly organised on the `` irregular '' system . From 1797 until the rebellion of 1857 , each regular Bengal Native Infantry regiment had had 22 or 23 British officers , who held every position of authority down to the second - in - command of each company . In irregular units there were fewer European officers , but they associated themselves far more closely with their soldiers , while more responsibility was given to the Indian officers .
Cherokee
1794 Establishment of the Cherokee National Council and officers over the whole nation 1808 Establishment of the Cherokee Lighthorse Guard , a national police force 1809 Establishment of the National Committee 1810 End of separate regional councils and abolition of blood vengeance 1820 Establishment of courts in eight districts to handle civil disputes 1822 Cherokee Supreme Court established 1823 National Committee given power to review acts of the National Council 1827 Constitution of the Cherokee Nation East 1828 Constitution of the Cherokee Nation West 1832 Suspension of elections in the Cherokee Nation East 1839 Constitution of the reunited Cherokee Nation 1868 Constitution of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians 1888 Charter of Incorporation issued by the State of North Carolina to the Eastern Band 1950 Constitution and federal charter of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians Constitution of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma 1999 Constitution of the Cherokee Nation drafted
Grover Cleveland
Cleveland also reformed other parts of the government . In 1887 , he signed an act creating the Interstate Commerce Commission . He and Secretary of the Navy William C. Whitney undertook to modernize the navy and canceled construction contracts that had resulted in inferior ships . Cleveland angered railroad investors by ordering an investigation of western lands they held by government grant . Secretary of the Interior Lucius Q.C. Lamar charged that the rights of way for this land must be returned to the public because the railroads failed to extend their lines according to agreements . The lands were forfeited , resulting in the return of approximately 81,000,000 acres ( 330,000 km ) .
Central Intelligence Agency
Until the 2004 reorganization of the intelligence community , one of the `` services of common concern '' that the CIA provided was open source intelligence from the Foreign Broadcast Information Service ( FBIS ) . FBIS , which had absorbed the Joint Publication Research Service , a military organization that translated documents , moved into the National Open Source Enterprise under the Director of National Intelligence .
New Spain
In 1776 , the north - western frontier areas came under the administration of the new ' Commandancy General of the Internal Provinces of the North ' ( Provincias Internas ) , designed to streamline administration and invigorate growth . The crown created two new provincial governments from the former Las Californias in 1804 ; the southern peninsula became Baja California , and the ill - defined northern mainland frontier area became Alta California .
National Convention
On 5 September , Parisians tried to repeat the revolt of 2 June . Armed sections again encircled the Convention to demand the setting up of an internal revolutionary army , the arrest of suspects and a purge of the committees . It was probably the key day in the formation of the revolutionary government : the convention yielded , but kept control of events . It put Terror on the agenda on 5 September , on 6th elected Collot d'Herbois and Billaud - Varenne to the Committee of Public Safety , on the 9th created the revolutionary army , on the 11th decreed the Maximum for grain and fodder ( general controls for prices , and wages on the 29th ) , on the 14th reorganized the Revolutionary Tribunal , on the 17th voted in the law on suspects , and on the 20th gave the local revolutionary committees the task of drawing up lists of them .
Committee of Public Safety
The ensuing period of upheaval , dubbed the Thermidorian Reaction , saw the repeal of many of the Terror 's most unpopular laws and the reduction in power of the Committees of General Security and Public Safety . The Committees ceased to exist under the Constitution of the Year III ( 1795 ) , which marked the beginning of the Directory .
King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)
In 1921 , the regiment was re-designated the King 's Own Royal Regiment ( Lancaster ) .
New Year
In 1582 , Pope Gregory XIII while reforming the Julian calendar established 1 January as the beginning of a New Year of the Gregorian calendar .
Church of Ireland
The Church 's internal laws are formulated as bills proposed to the Houses of the General Synod , which when passed become Statutes . The Church 's governing document , the Constitution , is modified , consolidated and published by way of Statute also , the most recent edition , the 13th , being so published in 2003 . Representative
History of the Church of England
When the new king Charles II reached the throne in 1660 , he actively appointed his supporters who had resisted Cromwell to vacancies . He translated the leading supporters to the most prestigious and rewarding sees . He also considered the need to reestablish episcopal authority and to reincorporate `` moderate dissenters '' in order to effect Protestant reconciliation . In some cases turnover was heavy -- he made four appointments to the diocese of Worcester in four years 1660 - 63 , moving the first three up to better positions .
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
Following the 2005 referenda , which saw the failed attempt at launching a European Constitution , on 13 December 2007 the Lisbon treaty was signed . This saw the ' TEC ' renamed as the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ( TFEU ) and , once again , renumbered . The Lisbon reforms resulted in the merging of the three pillars into the reformed European Union .
British North America Acts
This Act was repealed in 1982 with the full patriation of the Canadian Constitution from the United Kingdom , and with the incorporation of a new , comprehensive procedure for amending the Constitution .
Armed Forces of the Philippines
In 1991 , the major services of the AFP was reduced from four to three , when the Philippine Constabulary or PC , an AFP major service tasked to enforce the law and to curb criminality , was formally merged with the country 's Integrated National Police , a national police force on the cities and municipalities in the country attached to the PC to become the Philippine National Police , thus removing it from AFP control and it was civilianized by a law passed by Congress , therefore becoming under the Department of the Interior and Local Government as a result .
Yoido Full Gospel Church
Aside from restructuring as a cell - based church , a Women 's Fellowship was started in 1960 , followed by a Men 's Fellowship in 1963 , to enable lay members to serve the church in a wide range of volunteer capacities . A church magazine , `` Faith '' was also started in 1967 . Containing Bible studies , testimonies , and evangelistic messages , this monthly periodical soon spread far beyond Seoul .
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide , Inc. was incorporated on September 29 , 2008 , buy out and took over the parks and resorts business segment . Disney Parks and Resorts reorganized in early 2009 which included layoffs in all units due to recession - induced falling attendance . 600 U.S. managers in January were buyout packages . Worldwide Operations was formed under President Al Weiss in 2009 . Worldwide Operations would take over various back office functions previously performed by both Disney World and Disneyland including training , procurement , menu planning and merchandise development . While its Walt Disney Imagineering subsidiary combined its three development units .
United Church of Christ
As agents of the General Synod , the denomination maintains national offices comprising four `` covenanted ministries '' , one `` associated ministry '' , and one `` affiliated ministry '' . The current system of national governance was adopted in 1999 as a restructure of the national setting , consolidating numerous agencies , boards , and `` instrumentalities '' that the UCC , in the main , had inherited from the Congregational Christian Churches at the time of merger , along with several created during the denomination 's earlier years . Covenanted
Territorial evolution of the United States
no change to map May 23 , 1788 South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the Constitution . no change to map June 21 , 1788 New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution ; at this point , the Constitution became the active governing document of the country . no change to map June 25 , 1788 Virginia became the tenth state to ratify the Constitution . no change to map July 26 , 1788 New York became the eleventh state to ratify the Constitution . no change to map February 1789 John Sevier , governor of the State of Franklin , pledged allegiance to North Carolina , effectively ending the claimed independence of Franklin . Unofficial change : August 7 , 1789 The Northwest Territory was reorganized under the Constitution . no change to map November 21 , 1789 North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution . no change to map April 2 , 1790 North Carolina ceded its western half to the federal government . May 26 , 1790 The land recently ceded by North Carolina was organized as the Territory South of the River Ohio , commonly known as the Southwest Territory . May 29 , 1790 Rhode Island became the thirteenth state to ratify the Constitution . no change to map December 6 , 1790 Per the Residence Act , the Congress of the United States relocated to Philadelphia for ten years until a federal district was built and ready . March 4 , 1791 Vermont , which had been considered part of New York despite acting independently since 1777 , was admitted as the fourteenth state . Disputes : March 30 , 1791 The District of Columbia , a federal district planned to house the federal government by 1800 , was formed from land ceded by Maryland and Virginia , consisting of a 100 square mile diamond straddling the Potomac River . However , it was not yet given that name , being simply referred to as the federal district . In September 1791 , the commissioners in charge of planning the city would term it the `` Territory of Columbia '' , and various laws refer to a District of Columbia , but sometimes informally . The area does not appear to have been formally named `` District of Columbia '' until at least the organic act of 1871 . Since the name `` Columbia '' was used from very early on , and at least informally by the government , the map will use `` District of Columbia '' starting from this date .
Grand jury
From 1795 to 1808 Grand Juries also operated in Belgium , which was divided into French departements in October 1795 .
New Deal
Securities Act of 1933 , created the SEC , 1933 : codified standards for sale and purchase of stock , required awareness of investments to be accurately disclosed ; still exists . FERA camp for unemployed black women , Atlanta , 1934 Civil Works Administration ( CWA ) , 1933 -- 1934 : provided temporary jobs to millions of unemployed . Indian Reorganization Act , 1934 : moved away from assimilation ; policy dropped . Social Security Act ( SSA ) , 1935 : provided financial assistance to : elderly , handicapped , paid for by employee and employer payroll contributions ; required 7 years contributions , so first payouts were in 1942 ; still exists . Works Progress Administration ( WPA ) , 1935 : a national labor program for more than 2 million unemployed ; created useful construction work for unskilled men ; also sewing projects for women and arts projects for unemployed artists , musicians and writers ; ended 1943 . National Labor Relations Act ( NLRA ) ; Wagner Act , 1935 : set up National Labor Relations Board to supervise labor - management relations ; In the 1930s , it strongly favored labor unions . Modified by the Taft - Hartley Act ( 1947 ) ; still exists . Judicial Reorganization Bill , 1937 : gave the President power to appoint a new Supreme Court judge for every judge 70 years or older ; failed to pass Congress . Federal Crop Insurance Corporation ( FCIC ) , 1938 : insures crops and livestock against loss of production or revenue . Was restructured during the creation of the Risk Management Agency in 1996 but continues to exist . Surplus Commodities Program ( 1936 ) : gives away food to poor ; still exists as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program . Fair Labor Standards Act 1938 : established a maximum normal work week of 44 hours and a minimum wage of 40 cents / hour and outlawed most forms of child labor ; still exists , hours have been lowered to 40 hours over the years . Surplus
Black and Tans
Royal Irish Constabulary Special Reserve Common name Black and Tans Abbreviation RICSR Badge of the Royal Irish Constabulary Special Reserve Agency overview Formed 1919 Dissolved 1922 Legal personality Governmental : Government agency Jurisdictional structure National agency United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Map of Royal Irish Constabulary Special Reserve 's jurisdiction . Size 84,421 km2 General nature Law enforcement Local civilian police Operational structure
National Convention
The Constituent Assembly had legislated through its commissions . The Convention governed by means of its committees . Two of them were of essential importance : Public Safety and General Security . The second , which had formidable powers , is less well known than the first , which was the true executive authority and was armed with immense prerogatives . It dated from April , but its composition was thoroughly reshuffled during the summer of 1793 .
National Convention
The Jacobin dictatorship could only hope to remain in power so long as it was dealing successfully with a national emergency . As soon as its political opponents had been destroyed , and its foreign enemies defeated , it would lose the chief force that kept it together . The Jacobin fall happened more rapidly than expected because of issues within the party .
Oil drop experiment
Initially the oil drops are allowed to fall between the plates with the electric field turned off . They very quickly reach a terminal velocity because of friction with the air in the chamber . The field is then turned on and , if it is large enough , some of the drops ( the charged ones ) will start to rise . ( This is because the upwards electric force F is greater for them than the downwards gravitational force F , in the same way bits of paper can be picked by a charged rubber rod ) . A likely looking drop is selected and kept in the middle of the field of view by alternately switching off the voltage until all the other drops have fallen . The experiment is then continued with this one drop .