vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Cinderella
Ball , Ballgown , and Curfew : The number of balls varies , sometimes one , sometimes two , and sometimes three . The fairy godmother is Perrault 's own addition to the tale . The person who aided Cinderella ( Aschenputtel ) in the Grimms 's version is her dead mother . Aschenputtel requests her aid by praying at her grave , on which a tree is growing . Helpful doves roosting in the tree shake down the clothing she needs for the ball . This motif is found in other variants of the tale as well , such as The Cinder Maid , collected by Joseph Jacobs , and the Finnish The Wonderful Birch . Playwright James Lapine incorporated this motif into the Cinderella plotline of the musical Into the Woods . Giambattista Basile 's Cenerentola combined them ; the Cinderella figure , Zezolla , asks her father to commend her to the Dove of Fairies and ask her to send her something , and she receives a tree that will provide her clothing . Other variants have her helped by talking animals , as in Katie Woodencloak , Rushen Coatie , Bawang Putih Bawang Merah , The Story of Tam and Cam , or The Sharp Grey Sheep -- these animals often having some connection with her dead mother ; in The Golden Slipper , a fish aids her after she puts it in water . In `` The Anklet '' , it 's a magical alabaster pot the girl purchased with her own money that brings her the gowns and the anklets she wears to the ball . Gioachino Rossini , having agreed to do an opera based on Cinderella if he could omit all magical elements , wrote La Cenerentola , in which she was aided by Alidoro , a philosopher and formerly the Prince 's tutor .
New Testament
By the early 200s , Origen may have been using the same twenty - seven books as in the Catholic New Testament canon , though there were still disputes over the canonicity of the Letter to the Hebrews , Epistle of James , II Peter , II John and III John and the Book of Revelation , known as the Antilegomena . Likewise , the Muratorian fragment is evidence that , perhaps as early as 200 , there existed a set of Christian writings somewhat similar to the twenty - seven book NT canon , which included four gospels and argued against objections to them . Thus , while there was a good measure of debate in the Early Church over the New Testament canon , the major writings are claimed to have been accepted by almost all Christians by the middle of the 3rd century .
Great Barrier Reef
The approval was provided with a corresponding set of 47 new environmental conditions that include the following :
Recursion (computer science)
Computing the recurrence relation for n = 4 : hanoi ( 4 ) = 2 * hanoi ( 3 ) + 1 = 2 * ( 2 * hanoi ( 2 ) + 1 ) + 1 = 2 * ( 2 * ( 2 * hanoi ( 1 ) + 1 ) + 1 ) + 1 = 2 * ( 2 * ( 2 * 1 + 1 ) + 1 ) + 1 = 2 * ( 2 * ( 3 ) + 1 ) + 1 = 2 * ( 7 ) + 1 = 15
Carbon
While carbon is understood to exclusively form four bonds , an interesting compound containing an octahedral hexacoordinated carbon atom has been reported . The cation of the compound is ( ( Ph PAu ) C ) . This phenomenon has been attributed to the aurophilicity of the gold ligands , which provide additional stabilization of an otherwise labile species . In 2016 , it was confirmed that , in line with earlier theoretical predictions , hexamethylbenzene dication contains a carbon atom with six bonds , with the formulation ( MeC ( η - C Me ) ) , making it an `` organic metallocene '' . Thus , a MeC fragment is bonded to a η - C Me fragment through all five of the carbons of the ring .
Steelmark
The Steelmark consists of three four - pointed starlike figures within a circle . The stars in the design approximate a type of geometric figure called an astroid , a particular type of hypocycloid with four cusps . A yellow figure is located at the top of the design , orange to the right and blue on the bottom , with the word `` Steel '' on the left side . The logo appears within a gray ring against a white background .
Written Chinese
Every Chinese character falls ( sometimes arbitrarily or incorrectly ) under the heading of exactly one of these 214 radicals . In many cases , the radicals are themselves characters , which naturally come first under their own heading . All other characters under a given radical are ordered by the stroke count of the character . Usually , however , there are still many characters with a given stroke count under a given radical . At this point , characters are not given in any recognizable order ; the user must locate the character by going through all the characters with that stroke count , typically listed for convenience at the top of the page on which they occur .
Across the River and into the Trees
In the second chapter , Hemingway takes Cantwell back in time by means of a stream of consciousness interior monologue , that presents an extended flashback which continues for 38 chapters . In the final six chapters , Cantwell is again presented in the frame story set in the time - present .
Carbon
Carbon combines with some metals at high temperatures to form metallic carbides , such as the iron carbide cementite in steel , and tungsten carbide , widely used as an abrasive and for making hard tips for cutting tools .
Plate tectonics
the stripes are symmetrical around the crests of the mid-ocean ridges ; at or near the crest of the ridge , the rocks are very young , and they become progressively older away from the ridge crest ; the youngest rocks at the ridge crest always have present - day ( normal ) polarity ; stripes of rock parallel to the ridge crest alternate in magnetic polarity ( normal - reversed - normal , etc . ) , suggesting that they were formed during different epochs documenting the ( already known from independent studies ) normal and reversal episodes of the Earth 's magnetic field .
Atom
The chemical elements are often displayed in a periodic table that is laid out to display recurring chemical properties , and elements with the same number of valence electrons form a group that is aligned in the same column of the table . ( The horizontal rows correspond to the filling of a quantum shell of electrons . ) The elements at the far right of the table have their outer shell completely filled with electrons , which results in chemically inert elements known as the noble gases .
Atom
In ferromagnetic elements such as iron , cobalt and nickel , an odd number of electrons leads to an unpaired electron and a net overall magnetic moment . The orbitals of neighboring atoms overlap and a lower energy state is achieved when the spins of unpaired electrons are aligned with each other , a spontaneous process known as an exchange interaction . When the magnetic moments of ferromagnetic atoms are lined up , the material can produce a measurable macroscopic field . Paramagnetic materials have atoms with magnetic moments that line up in random directions when no magnetic field is present , but the magnetic moments of the individual atoms line up in the presence of a field .
Stratovolcano
A stratovolcano , also known as a composite volcano , is a conical volcano built up by many layers ( strata ) of hardened lava , tephra , pumice , and volcanic ash . Unlike shield volcanoes , stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic explosive eruptions and effusive eruptions , although some have collapsed craters called calderas . The lava flowing from stratovolcanoes typically cools and hardens before spreading far due to high viscosity . The magma forming this lava is often felsic , having high - to - intermediate levels of silica ( as in rhyolite , dacite , or andesite ) , with lesser amounts of less - viscous mafic magma . Extensive felsic lava flows are uncommon , but have travelled as far as 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) .
Ellipsis
The combination `` ellipsis + period '' is replaced by the ellipsis . The combinations `` ellipsis + exclamation mark '' and `` ellipsis + question mark '' are written in this way : ! ... ? ...
California Gold Rush
Included among the modern legacies of the California Gold Rush are the California state motto , `` Eureka '' ( `` I have found it '' ) , Gold Rush images on the California State Seal , and the state nickname , `` The Golden State '' , as well as place names , such as Placer County , Rough and Ready , Placerville ( formerly named `` Dry Diggings '' and then `` Hangtown '' during rush time ) , Whiskeytown , Drytown , Angels Camp , Happy Camp , and Sawyers Bar . The San Francisco 49ers National Football League team , and the similarly named athletic teams of California State University , Long Beach , are named for the prospectors of the California Gold Rush .
Mixture
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more chemical substances ( elements or compounds ) . Examples are : mixtures of sand and water or sand and iron filings , a conglomerate rock , water and oil , a portion salad , trail mix , and concrete ( not cement ) . A mixture of powdered silver metal and powdered gold metal would represent a heterogeneous mixture of two elements .
Major and minor
Major and minor are frequently referred to in the titles of classical compositions , especially in reference to the key of a piece .
Areas of mathematics
Combinatorics is the study of finite or discrete collections of objects that satisfy specified criteria . In particular , it is concerned with `` counting '' the objects in those collections ( enumerative combinatorics ) and with deciding whether certain `` optimal '' objects exist ( extremal combinatorics ) . It includes graph theory , used to describe inter-connected objects ( a graph in this sense is a network , or collection of connected points ) . See also the list of combinatorics topics , list of graph theory topics and glossary of graph theory . A combinatorial flavour is present in many parts of problem - solving . Geometry
The Dark Is Rising Sequence
Simon , Jane , and Barney Drew : The main characters of the first novel , the Drew siblings , are human children who have known Merriman Lyon as their `` Great Uncle Merry '' for years . While on holiday in Cornwall , they get caught up in the battle between the Light and the Dark and join the search for the Things of Power . In the first novel , Over Sea , Under Stone , they search for the legendary Grail of King Arthur . They also appear in the third book , Greenwitch , and the last book in the series , Silver on the Tree . In the poem featured prominently throughout The Dark Is Rising , they are the ones referred to as `` three from the track '' . Their last name is linked with Will Stanton 's in British paleohistory ; see Stanton Drew stone circles .
Triangle
Triangles are sturdy ; while a rectangle can collapse into a parallelogram from pressure to one of its points , triangles have a natural strength which supports structures against lateral pressures . A triangle will not change shape unless its sides are bent or extended or broken or if its joints break ; in essence , each of the three sides supports the other two . A rectangle , in contrast , is more dependent on the strength of its joints in a structural sense . Some innovative designers have proposed making bricks not out of rectangles , but with triangular shapes which can be combined in three dimensions . It is likely that triangles will be used increasingly in new ways as architecture increases in complexity . It is important to remember that triangles are strong in terms of rigidity , but while packed in a tessellating arrangement triangles are not as strong as hexagons under compression ( hence the prevalence of hexagonal forms in nature ) . Tessellated triangles still maintain superior strength for cantilevering however , and this is the basis for one of the strongest man made structures , the tetrahedral truss .
State of matter
A supersolid is a spatially ordered material ( that is , a solid or crystal ) with superfluid properties . Similar to a superfluid , a supersolid is able to move without friction but retains a rigid shape . Although a supersolid is a solid , it exhibits so many characteristic properties different from other solids that many argue it is another state of matter .
Homonym
In non-technical contexts , the term `` homonym '' may be used ( somewhat confusingly ) to refer to words that are either homographs or homophones . The words row ( propel with oars ) and row ( argument ) and row ( a linear arrangement of seating ) are considered homographs , while the words read ( peruse ) and reed ( waterside plant ) would be considered homophones ; under this looser definition , both groups of words represent groups of homonyms .
Wicked (musical)
° In the CD Recordings , # 17A , # 18 , # 18A , and # 18B are mixed and edited into one track , collectively titled `` Thank Goodness '' ; # 24B and # 25 are combined into the track titled `` For Good '' .
Clay court
Green clay , also called rubico and the brand name Har - Tru , is similar to coarse red clay , but is made from crushed metabasalt rather than brick , making the surface slightly harder and faster . Green clay is packed to make the subsurface . It is then covered with a topping . These courts are located primarily in the eastern and southern United States .
Conic section
The conic sections have been studied for thousands of years and have provided a rich source of interesting and beautiful results in Euclidean geometry .
Period (periodic table)
Modern quantum mechanics explains these periodic trends in properties in terms of electron shells . As atomic number increases , shells fill with electrons in approximately the order shown at right . The filling of each shell corresponds to a row in the table .
The Shining (film)
Some of the film 's most famous iconic scenes , such as the ghost girls in the hallway and the torrent of blood from the elevators , are unique to the film . The most notable of these would be the typewritten pages Wendy discovers on Jack 's desk . Similarly , many of the most memorable lines of dialogue ( `` Words of wisdom '' and `` Here 's Johnny ! '' ) are heard exclusively in the film .
History of coal mining
Miners ' camps in this area were called `` hell 's holes '' because miners lived in tents and shacks . These camps were filled with drinking , gambling and watching fistfights as forms of recreation . With time , living conditions improved : little houses took the place of the tents , and more women joined the men and started families . With new activities such as hockey , baseball and theatre the camps were no longer `` hell 's holes '' but became `` the wonder town of the west . ''
Branches of science
Geology ( from the Greek γῆ , gê , `` earth '' and λόγος , logos , `` study '' ) is the science comprising the study of solid Earth , the rocks of which it is composed , and the processes by which they change . Meteorology
Mixture
In chemistry , a mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically . A mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances in which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form of solutions , suspensions , and colloids .
Recursion (computer science)
Indirect recursion is also called mutual recursion , which is a more symmetric term , though this is simply a difference of emphasis , not a different notion . That is , if f calls g and then g calls f , which in turn calls g again , from the point of view of f alone , f is indirectly recursing , while from the point of view of g alone , it is indirectly recursing , while from the point of view of both , f and g are mutually recursing on each other . Similarly a set of three or more functions that call each other can be called a set of mutually recursive functions .
Blue Öyster Cult
`` Then Came the Last Days of May '' , `` Before the Kiss , a Redcap '' , `` Teen Archer '' , `` ( Do n't Fear ) The Reaper '' , `` Godzilla '' ( duet with Eric Bloom ) , `` Golden Age of Leather '' , `` I Love the Night '' , `` In Thee '' , `` Mirrors '' , `` The Vigil '' , `` Lonely Teardrops '' , `` Deadline '' , `` Burnin ' for You '' , `` Do n't Turn Your Back '' , `` Shooting Shark '' , `` Veins '' , `` Dragon Lady '' , `` Dancin ' in the Ruins '' , `` Perfect Water '' , `` Spy in the House of the Night '' , `` Madness to the Method '' , `` Astronomy ( Imaginos version ) '' , `` Les Invisibles '' , `` Magna of Illusion '' , `` Harvest Moon '' , `` X-Ray Eyes '' , `` Damaged '' , `` Real World '' , `` Live for Me '' , `` Still Burnin ' '' , `` Dance on Stilts '' , `` Pocket '' , `` Here Comes That Feeling '' , `` Stone of Love '' , `` Night Flyer '' ( out - take from `` Spectres '' ) , `` Summa Cum Laude ''
Written Chinese
會意 / 会意 huìyì : Logical aggregates , in which two or more parts are used for their meaning . This yields a composite meaning , which is then applied to the new character . E.g. , 東 / 东 dōng `` east '' , which represents a sun rising in the trees . 形聲 / 形声 xíngshēng : Phonetic complexes , in which one part -- often called the radical -- indicates the general semantic category of the character ( such as water - related or eye - related ) , and the other part is another character , used for its phonetic value . Example : 晴 qíng `` clear / fair ( weather ) '' , which is composed of 日 rì `` sun '' , and 青 qīng `` blue / green '' , which is used for its pronunciation .
Middle Ages
In the 10th century the establishment of churches and monasteries led to the development of stone architecture that elaborated vernacular Roman forms , from which the term `` Romanesque '' is derived . Where available , Roman brick and stone buildings were recycled for their materials . From the tentative beginnings known as the First Romanesque , the style flourished and spread across Europe in a remarkably homogeneous form . Just before 1000 there was a great wave of building stone churches all over Europe . Romanesque buildings have massive stone walls , openings topped by semi-circular arches , small windows , and , particularly in France , arched stone vaults . The large portal with coloured sculpture in high relief became a central feature of façades , especially in France , and the capitals of columns were often carved with narrative scenes of imaginative monsters and animals . According to art historian C.R. Dodwell , `` virtually all the churches in the West were decorated with wall - paintings '' , of which few survive . Simultaneous with the development in church architecture , the distinctive European form of the castle was developed and became crucial to politics and warfare .
Stratovolcano
Stratovolcanoes are sometimes called `` composite volcanoes '' because of their composite layered structure built up from sequential outpourings of eruptive materials . They are among the most common types of volcanoes , in contrast to the less common shield volcanoes . Two famous stratovolcanoes are Krakatoa , best known for its catastrophic eruption in 1883 and Vesuvius , famous for its destruction of the towns Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 CE . Both eruptions claimed thousands of lives . In modern times , Mount Saint Helens and Mount Pinatubo have erupted catastrophically .
Heat
As a common noun , English heat or warmth ( just as French chaleur , German Wärme , Latin calor , Greek θάλπος , etc . ) refers to the ( human perception of ) either thermal energy or temperature . Speculation on thermal energy or `` heat '' as a separate form of matter has a long history , see caloric theory , phlogiston and fire ( classical element ) .
Rotation
All rigid body movements are rotations , translations , or combinations of the two .
Clay
Varve ( or varved clay ) is clay with visible annual layers , which are formed by seasonal deposition of those layers and are marked by differences in erosion and organic content . This type of deposit is common in former glacial lakes . When fine sediments are delivered into the calm waters of these glacial lake basins away from the shoreline , they settle to the lake bed . The resulting seasonal layering is preserved in an even distribution of clay sediment banding .
PageRank
A similar new use of PageRank is to rank academic doctoral programs based on their records of placing their graduates in faculty positions . In PageRank terms , academic departments link to each other by hiring their faculty from each other ( and from themselves ) .
Orchestra
An orchestra ( / ˈɔːrkɪstrə / or US : / ˈɔːrˌkɛstrə / ; Italian : ( orˈkɛstra ) ) is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music , which mixes instruments from different families , including bowed string instruments such as violin , viola , cello and double bass , as well as brass , woodwinds , and percussion instruments , each grouped in sections . Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes appear in a fifth keyboard section or may stand alone , as may the concert harp and , for performances of some modern compositions , electronic instruments .
Blue Öyster Cult
The AllMusic page for stoner metal states : `` Stoner metal bands updated the long , mind - bending jams and ultra-heavy riffs of bands like Black Sabbath , Blue Cheer , Blue Oyster Cult and Hawkwind by filtering their psychedelia - tinged metal and acid rock through the buzzing sound of early Sub Pop - style grunge . ''
Stone Cold (Demi Lovato song)
Christina Garibaldi of MTV complimented Lovato 's vocals , claiming that they have `` reached new heights '' on the song , as well as her emotional delivery .
GEICO advertising campaigns
Bro - Two `` bros '' working out in the gym , who keep using `` bro - '' words ( `` broheem '' , `` Teddy Brosevelt '' , etc . ) , the one who switched to GEICO keeps gaining more muscles . Sandcastle - Two dads are building sandcastles . Every time it cuts back to the dad who switched to GEICO , his sandcastle gets bigger and more elaborate until it becomes an actual sand - mansion complete with a sand - fountain and sand - butler . Christmas lights - Two guys putting up Christmas lights discuss switching to GEICO , the one who switched to GEICO 's house becomes more and more elaborate , to the point where it is seen from space . Still - life drawing - At a painting class , a man and a woman discuss switching to GEICO , while the woman 's drawing becomes more detailed , and at the end , even comes to life .
Elvis Presley
The Statesmen were an electric combination ... featuring some of the most thrillingly emotive singing and daringly unconventional showmanship in the entertainment world ... dressed in suits that might have come out of the window of Lansky 's ... Bass singer Jim Wetherington , known universally as the Big Chief , maintained a steady bottom , ceaselessly jiggling first his left leg , then his right , with the material of the pants leg ballooning out and shimmering . `` He went about as far as you could go in gospel music , '' said Jake Hess . `` The women would jump up , just like they do for the pop shows . '' Preachers frequently objected to the lewd movements ... but audiences reacted with screams and swoons .
Cardinal direction
In some languages , such as Estonian , Finnish and Breton , the intercardinal directions have names that are not compounds of the names of the cardinal directions ( as , for instance , northeast is compounded from north and east ) . In Estonian , those are kirre ( northeast ) , kagu ( southeast ) , edel ( southwest ) , and loe ( northwest ) , in Finnish koillinen ( northeast ) , kaakko ( southeast ) , lounas ( southwest ) , and luode ( northwest ) . In Japanese , there is the interesting situation that native Japanese words ( yamato kotoba , kun readings of kanji ) are used for the cardinal directions ( such as minami for 南 , south ) , but borrowed Chinese words ( on readings of kanji ) are used for intercardinal directions ( such as tō - nan for 東南 , southeast , lit . `` east - south '' ) . In the Malay language , adding laut ( sea ) to either east ( timur ) or west ( barat ) results in northeast or northwest , respectively , whereas adding daya to west ( giving barat daya ) results in southwest . However , southeast has a special word : tenggara .
Ellipsis
The ellipsis is also called a suspension point , points of ellipsis , periods of ellipsis , or ( colloquially ) `` dot - dot - dot '' .