vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Collagen
If collagen is subject to sufficient denaturation , e.g. by heating , the three tropocollagen strands separate partially or completely into globular domains , containing a different secondary structure to the normal collagen polyproline II ( PPII ) , e.g. random coils . This process describes the formation of gelatin , which is used in many foods , including flavored gelatin desserts . Besides food , gelatin has been used in pharmaceutical , cosmetic , and photography industries .
Xenon
A number of xenon oxyfluorides are known , including XeOF 2 , XeOF 4 , XeO 2 , and XeO 2 . XeOF 2 is formed by reacting OF 2 with xenon gas at low temperatures . It may also be obtained by partial hydrolysis of XeF 4 . It disproportionates at − 20 ° C into XeF 2 and XeO 2 . XeOF 4 is formed by the partial hydrolysis of XeF 6 , or the reaction of XeF 6 with sodium perxenate , Na 4XeO 6 . The latter reaction also produces a small amount of XeO 2 . XeOF 4 reacts with CsF to form the XeOF − 5 anion , while XeOF reacts with the alkali metal fluorides KF , RbF and CsF to form the XeOF − 4 anion .
Glycogen
Due to the way glycogen is synthesised , every glycogen granule has at its core a glycogenin protein .
Star Alliance
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
Diamond
Another popular method of growing synthetic diamond is chemical vapor deposition ( CVD ) . The growth occurs under low pressure ( below atmospheric pressure ) . It involves feeding a mixture of gases ( typically 1 to 99 methane to hydrogen ) into a chamber and splitting them to chemically active radicals in a plasma ignited by microwaves , hot filament , arc discharge , welding torch or laser . This method is mostly used for coatings , but can also produce single crystals several millimeters in size ( see picture ) .
Scientific method
The basic elements of the scientific method are illustrated by the following example from the discovery of the structure of DNA : Question : Previous investigation of DNA had determined its chemical composition ( the four nucleotides ) , the structure of each individual nucleotide , and other properties . It had been identified as the carrier of genetic information by the Avery -- MacLeod -- McCarty experiment in 1944 , but the mechanism of how genetic information was stored in DNA was unclear . Hypothesis : Linus Pauling , Francis Crick and James D. Watson hypothesized that DNA had a helical structure . Prediction : If DNA had a helical structure , its X-ray diffraction pattern would be X-shaped . This prediction was determined using the mathematics of the helix transform , which had been derived by Cochran , Crick and Vand ( and independently by Stokes ) . This prediction was a mathematical construct , completely independent from the biological problem at hand . Experiment : Rosalind Franklin crystallized pure DNA and performed X-ray diffraction to produce photo 51 . The results showed an X-shape . Analysis : When Watson saw the detailed diffraction pattern , he immediately recognized it as a helix . He and Crick then produced their model , using this information along with the previously known information about DNA 's composition and about molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds .
Mercy rule
At the middle - or high - school level , 34 states use a mercy rule that may involve a `` continuous clock '' ( the clock continues to operate on most plays when the clock would normally stop , such as an incomplete pass ) once a team has a certain lead ( for example , 35 points ) during the second half . That greatly decreases the amount of time taken for a game to complete , which reduces the leading team 's chances to score more and the time that the trailing team must spend in facing an insurmountable deficit . In most states , the clock stops only for scores , timeouts ( officials ' , injury , or charged ) , or the end of the quarter . Plays that would normally stop the clock , such as penalties , incomplete passes , going out of bounds , or change of possession , would not stop the clock . The rule varies by state ; for example , the clock does not stop upon a score in Colorado , Kansas ( regular - season games only ) , or Missouri ( fourth quarter only ) .
Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery
The game features a system with tasks costing energy to perform . Players tap on screen to move the character between places , and level up revealing new outfits , and other unlockables . The player also gains different levels of courage , empathy and knowledge by choices in game , with higher levels of a particular attribute allowing the player to choose some different dialogue options in game and change the interactions of other students and staff . Players also have the ability to create friendships with Non playable characters , by eating in the great hall , drinking in the Three Broomsticks pub or playing `` gobstones '' with them .
Waiting for Godot
It is a game , everything is a game . When all four of them are lying on the ground , that can not be handled naturalistically . That has got to be done artificially , balletically . Otherwise everything becomes an imitation , an imitation of reality ( ... ) . It should become clear and transparent , not dry . It is a game in order to survive . ''
Marco Polo (game)
One player is chosen as `` It '' . This player closes his or her eyes and tries to find and tag the other players without the use of vision . The player who is `` It '' shouts `` Marco '' and the other players must respond by shouting `` Polo '' , which `` It '' uses to try to find them . If a player is tagged , then that player becomes `` It . ''
Rover's Morning Glory
The League of Extraordinary Morons consists of `` Jackass '' - style stunts where cast member compete to win money or a new car . The segment airs on a weekly basis , typically on Friday , consisting of physical and eating challenges .
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
Beginning in 2013 , the rules will revert to a system more similar to the pre-2005 rules . In the NASCAR Cup Series , the first 36 places in the field will be determined strictly by qualifying speed . The next six places will be awarded on owner points , with the final place reserved for a past Series Champion . If the final exemption is not used because all past Champions are already in the field , it will pass to another car based on the number of owner points .
National Football League on television
Since 2006 , ESPN has opened the season with a Monday Night Football doubleheader , with a 7 : 00 p.m. game and a 10 : 30 p.m. both shown in their entirety nationwide . Espn2 or ( ESPNEWS only in 2012 becuse espn2 aired a MLB game ) started the second game if the game on ESPN was not over when game 2 started .
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
The musical score most commonly associated with the franchise was composed by father - and - son duo Keith and Matthew Strachan . The Strachans ' score provides drama and tension , and unlike older game show musical scores , Millionaire 's musical score was created to feature music playing almost throughout the entire show . The Strachans ' main Millionaire theme song takes inspiration from the `` Mars '' movement of Gustav Holst 's The Planets , and their question cues from the £ 2,000 to the £ 32,000 / £ 50,000 level , and then from the £ 64,000 / £ 75,000 level onwards , take the pitch up a semitone for each subsequent question , in order to increase tension as the contestant progressed through the game . On Game Show Network ( GSN ) 's Gameshow Hall of Fame special , the narrator described the Strachan tracks as `` mimicking the sound of a beating heart '' , and stated that as the contestant works their way up the money ladder , the music is `` perfectly in tune with their ever - increasing pulse '' .
History of the Miami Marlins
As soon as the season ended , the team began negotiations for a long - term deal that would keep All - Star second baseman Dan Uggla with the team . After rejecting the team 's offer of $48 million over four years because of his desire for a fifth year totaling $71 million , the team reached a stalemate with Uggla , meaning his days with the team were numbered . Days later on November 16 , in order to get some kind of return for Uggla , the team dealt him to their divisional rivals , the Atlanta Braves , for fellow All - Star and utility man Omar Infante and relief pitcher Mike Dunn .
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
The roof design included eight triangular translucent panels , that when opened would create the illusion of a bird 's wings extended . Surrounding the opening of the roof would be a halo video board that would enclose the playing surface , stretching from one of the 10 - yard lines to the other and then curving around the end zones to complete the oval . Each of the eight panels operates on two straight , parallel rails ; one rail is responsible for moving the panel while the other rail stabilizes the panel . Mark Silvera , president of Uni-Systems Engineering , explains that closing the roof takes slightly less time than opening the roof , since the roof has to disengage the seals at the start of the opening procedure and slow down towards the end to prevent the panels from getting derailed .
Binary star
r 1 = a ⋅ m 2 m 1 + m 2 = a 1 + m 1 m 2 ( \ displaystyle r_ ( 1 ) = a \ cdot ( \ frac ( m_ ( 2 ) ) ( m_ ( 1 ) + m_ ( 2 ) ) ) = ( \ frac ( a ) ( 1 + ( \ frac ( m_ ( 1 ) ) ( m_ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ) )
List of Major League Baseball perfect games
Over the 140 years of Major League Baseball history , and over 210,000 games played , there have been 23 official perfect games by the current definition . No pitcher has ever thrown more than one . The perfect game thrown by Don Larsen in game 5 of the 1956 World Series is the only postseason perfect game in major league history and one of only two postseason no - hitters , the other being a no - hitter thrown by Roy Halladay in game 1 of the 2010 National League Division Series against the Cincinnati Reds . The first two major league perfect games , and the only two of the premodern era , were thrown in 1880 , five days apart . The most recent perfect game was thrown on August 15 , 2012 by Félix Hernández of the Seattle Mariners . There were three perfect games in 2012 , with no other year ever having more than two thrown . By contrast , there have been spans of 23 and 33 consecutive seasons in which not a single perfect game was thrown .
List of Major League Baseball perfect games
Box score and play - by - play Dallas Braden ( OAK ) LHP , 26 109 pitches , 6 K May 9 , 2010 Tampa Bay Rays , 0 at Oakland Athletics , 4 Venue : Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum , day game Attendance : 12,288 Time : 2 : 07 Caught by : Landon Powell Umpires : HP : Jim Wolf 1B : Derryl Cousins 2B : Jim Joyce 3B : Todd Tichenor Box score and play - by - play Roy Halladay ( PHI ) RHP , 34 115 pitches , 11 K May 29 , 2010 Philadelphia Phillies , 1 at Florida Marlins , 0 Venue : Sun Life Stadium , night game Attendance : 25,086 Time : 2 : 13 Caught by : Carlos Ruiz Umpires : HP : Mike DiMuro 1B : Tim Welke 2B : Jim Reynolds 3B : Bill Welke Box score and play - by - play Philip Humber ( CHW ) RHP , 29 96 pitches , 9 K April 21 , 2012 Chicago White Sox , 4 at Seattle Mariners , 0 Venue : Safeco Field , day game Attendance : 22,472 Time : 2 : 17 Caught by : A.J. Pierzynski Umpires : HP : Brian Runge 1B : Marvin Hudson 2B : Tim McClelland 3B : Ted Barrett Box score and play - by - play Matt Cain ( SF ) RHP , 27 125 pitches , 14 K June 13 , 2012 Houston Astros , 0 at San Francisco Giants , 10 Venue : AT&T Park , night game Attendance : 42,298 Time : 2 : 36 Caught by : Buster Posey Umpires : HP : Ted Barrett ( 2 ) 1B : Mike Muchlinski 2B : Angel Campos 3B : Brian Runge Box score and play - by - play Félix Hernández ( SEA ) RHP , 26 113 pitches , 12 K August 15 , 2012 Tampa Bay Rays , 0 at Seattle Mariners , 1 Venue : Safeco Field , day game Attendance : 21,889 Time : 2 : 22 Caught by : John Jaso Umpires : HP : Rob Drake 1B : Joe West 2B : Sam Holbrook 3B : Andy Fletcher Box score and play - by - play Cy
Star formation
There is mounting evidence that at least some massive protostars are indeed surrounded by accretion disks . Several other theories of massive star formation remain to be tested observationally . Of these , perhaps the most prominent is the theory of competitive accretion , which suggests that massive protostars are `` seeded '' by low - mass protostars which compete with other protostars to draw in matter from the entire parent molecular cloud , instead of simply from a small local region .
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
In 2017 , stage racing was introduced . Races were broken up into three stages , four in the case of the Monster Energy Cup Series ' longest race , the Coca - Cola 600 . ( 1 ) A stage consists of normal green flag racing followed by a stoppage on a designated lap signified by the waving of a green and white checkered flag , then a yellow flag . ( 2 ) The top - 10 finishers in each of the first two stages are awarded bonus championship points , 10 points to the winner , 9 points for the 2nd place car , down to 1 point for the 10th place car . The points earned are added to a driver / owner 's regular season points total , while the winner of the stage receives an additional point that is added to their point total , after the reset , if they get into the NASCAR playoffs. ( 3 ) The stage lengths vary by track , but the first two stages usually combine to equal about half of the race . The final stage ( which still pays out championship points to all drivers ) usually equals the other half . Also , a regular season points championship is awarded to the driver who scored the most points in the first 26 races ( regular season ) . This championship does not award any bonus points to the winning driver . Otherwise , the points system and playoff format remained the same .
Mercy rule
In most states , once the point differential is reduced to below the mercy rule - invoking amount , normal timing procedures resume until either the end of the game or the mercy rule - invoking point differential is re-established ; in Colorado and Kansas , the clock continues to run even if the differential falls below the threshold . Most states that have mercy rules waive this rule for a championship game .
Main sequence
By treating the star as an idealized energy radiator known as a black body , the luminosity L and radius R can be related to the effective temperature T by the Stefan -- Boltzmann law :
The Rap Game
This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
List of Major League Baseball perfect games
Larsen did not know he would pitch in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series until a few hours before gametime . This was his second start of the Series ; he 'd lasted less than two innings in Game 2 . In his perfect game , Larsen employed the style he had adopted in mid-season , working without a windup . Just one Dodgers batter -- Pee Wee Reese , in the first inning -- worked a three - ball count . The Dodgers had the highest season winning percentage of any team ever to lose a perfect game : . 604 . The image of catcher Yogi Berra leaping into Larsen 's arms after the final strike is one of the most famous in baseball history . The 34 years between Robertson 's feat and Larsen 's is the longest gap between perfect games . Jim
Mario Party
Mario Party ( Japanese : マリオ パーティ , Hepburn : Mario Pāti ) is a party video game series featuring characters from the Mario franchise , in which up to four local players or computer - controlled characters ( CPUs ) compete in a board game interspersed with minigames . The series was developed by Hudson Soft and published by Nintendo . The series is known for its party game elements , including the often unpredictable multiplayer modes that allow play with up to four ( and sometimes eight ) human players or CPUs .
Star formation
As it collapses , a molecular cloud breaks into smaller and smaller pieces in a hierarchical manner , until the fragments reach stellar mass . In each of these fragments , the collapsing gas radiates away the energy gained by the release of gravitational potential energy . As the density increases , the fragments become opaque and are thus less efficient at radiating away their energy . This raises the temperature of the cloud and inhibits further fragmentation . The fragments now condense into rotating spheres of gas that serve as stellar embryos .
Smooth muscle tissue
Crossbridge cycling can not occur until the myosin heads have been activated to allow crossbridges to form . When the light chains are phosphorylated , they become active and will allow contraction to occur . The enzyme that phosphorylates the light chains is called myosin light - chain kinase ( MLCK ) , also called MLC kinase . In order to control contraction , MLCK will work only when the muscle is stimulated to contract . Stimulation will increase the intracellular concentration of calcium ions . These bind to a molecule called calmodulin , and form a calcium - calmodulin complex . It is this complex that will bind to MLCK to activate it , allowing the chain of reactions for contraction to occur .
National Football League on television
Since the 10 total commercial breaks for the second half are to be finished prior to the end of regulation , commercial breaks are rarely needed in overtime situations , apart from a break immediately after the end of regulation . Commercials for these purposes are sometimes pre-sold on an if - needed basis ( such as the specialized AIG `` overtime '' ads often seen during the early 2000s ) . In many cases , overtime periods are conducted without any commercials . By definition , a game that has entered overtime is tied , and so the game is still undecided , thus increasing the appeal of the given game . This also allows the extended broadcast to finish in a timely manner . In cases of long overtime periods , networks have been known to have a commercial break during a lengthy injury time out and in the regular season the two - minute warning of the overtime period . During postseason play , the very rare instances of double overtime will feature a commercial between periods . Overtimes in the postseason are treated as if a new game has started , meaning most of the regular season commercial break rules are followed .
List of Major League Baseball perfect games
Braden 's perfect game , pitched on Mother 's Day , was the first complete game of his career . His grandmother attended the game and celebrated on the field with him . It was the first time a perfect game had been pitched against the team with the best record in the majors at the time ; coming into the contest , the Rays were 22 -- 8 . The 2010 Rays are tied for the second - highest winning percentage (. 593 ) of any team to be on the receiving end of a perfect game . MLB 's previous perfect game had also been thrown against the Rays , making them the second team to have successive perfect games against them ( the first was the Dodgers in 1988 and 1991 ) . This game came 290 days after Buehrle 's , the shortest period between modern - day perfect games -- a record which would last just three weeks until Halladay 's . Roy
List of Major League Baseball perfect games
On April 21 , 2012 , Philip Humber of the Chicago White Sox pitched the third perfect game in White Sox history . The final out of Humber 's perfect game came after a full - count check - swing third strike to Brendan Ryan on a ball that catcher A.J. Pierzynski dropped . As Ryan disputed umpire Brian Runge 's decision that he had swung , Pierzynski threw the ball to first base for the final out . As with Braden , Humber 's perfect game was the first complete game of his career . Humber , who last pitched in Major League Baseball in 2013 , has a lifetime record of 16 - 23 , thus having the fewest career wins and lowest career winning percentage of any pitcher who has thrown a perfect game in the Major Leagues . The White Sox became the second franchise with three perfect games , joining the Yankees . Matt
Major League Baseball transactions
Players placed on the 10 - day disabled list may be moved to the 60 - day list at any time , but not vice versa . Players may be placed on either disabled list retroactively for a maximum of 5 inactive days and may remain on either list for as long as required to recover . During this 5 - day period , a player 's status is said to be day - to - day , indicating that the team is in the process of deciding whether the player must be placed on either DL or is healthy enough to return to active service . Injured players may not be traded without permission of the Commissioner nor may they be optioned to the minors , though they may be assigned to a minor league club for rehabilitation for a limited amount of time ( 30 days for pitchers , 20 for non-pitchers ) .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
The Games begin with the sound of a loud gong . Most tributes make for the Cornucopia to find food , water , weapons , tools , or other useful items ; the most valuable and useful items , including weapons , are often placed closest to the Cornucopia itself . The initial competition for supplies usually results in intense fighting , with a significant number of tributes killed in the first few minutes or hours of the Games . In most Games , a well - stocked , often well - trained group of tributes band together to hunt down other individuals , until they are the only ones left to fight each other . The alliance is generally agreed upon before the Games begin . These tributes are dubbed `` Careers '' because of the fact that they are often trained for an extensive portion of their childhood in combat and other survival skills . The `` Careers '' usually come from Districts 1 , 2 and 4 ( Only 1 & 2 in the films ) , and are generally disliked , even despised by some , and considered brutally aggressive by many of the other Districts .
List of Major League Baseball perfect games
Three perfect - game pitchers had RBIs in their games : Hunter ( 3 ) , Bunning ( 2 ) , and Young ( 1 ) . Hunter had three hits ; Richmond , Ward , Bunning , Martínez , and Cain each had one . Cain is the only pitcher to score a run during a perfect game ( Gregor Blanco followed him in the order and hit a home run ) . Barker , Witt , Rogers , Wells , Cone , Buehrle , Braden , Humber , and Hernández did not bat in their perfect games , as the American League adopted the designated hitter rule in 1973 . The latest the winning runs have been scored in a perfect game is the seventh inning -- this occurred in the games of Hunter ( bottom ) , Witt ( top ) , and Martínez ( top ) .
Monday Night Football
A 3D opening animation sequence is used for the 2015 season ( 46th season overall and tenth on ESPN ) . GMC 's product placement once again promoted the automaker 's line of Denali vehicles , including the Yukon Denali that is seen at the beginning . Also among the many changes is the highlights of MNF games -- this time , they are set inside a computer - generated stadium using 3D imagery -- from the previous 45 seasons up to 2014 . 2016