vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Social development theory
Economic development and human development need not mean the same thing . Strategies and policies aimed at greater growth may produce greater income in a country without improving the average living standard . This happened in oil - producing Middle Eastern countries -- a surge in oil prices boosted their national income without much benefit to poorer citizens . Conversely , people - oriented programs and policies can improve health , education , living standards , and other quality - of - life measures with no special emphasis on monetary growth . This occurred in the 30 years of socialist and communist rule in Kerala in India .
Income inequality in the United States
Income inequality lowers aggregate demand , leading to increasingly large segments of formerly middle class consumers unable to afford as many luxury and essential goods and services . This pushes production and overall employment down .
Causes of the Great Depression
In some cases , deflation can be hard on sectors of the economy such as agriculture , if they are deeply in debt at high interest rates and are unable to refinance , or that are dependent upon loans to finance capital goods when low interest rates are not available . Deflation erodes the price of commodities while increasing the real liability of debt . Deflation is beneficial to those with assets in cash , and to those who wish to invest or purchase assets or loan money .
Tariff
Besides that above analysis is by a partial equilibrium analysis , however by a general equilibrium analysis , it showed that the income transfer caused among to the welfare concerned to the production of the good imposed tariff from the another welfare of production .
Tax incidence
The supply and demand for a good is deeply intertwined with the markets for the factors of production and for alternate goods and services that might be produced or consumed . Although legislators might be seeking to tax the apple industry , in reality it could turn out to be truck drivers who are hardest hit , if apple companies shift toward shipping by rail in response to their new cost . Or perhaps orange manufacturers will be the group most affected , if consumers decide to forgo oranges to maintain their previous level of apples at the now higher price . Ultimately , the burden of the tax falls on people -- the owners , customers , or workers .
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005
This section needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( October 2015 )
Household income in the United States
However , as indicated by the charts below , household income has still increased significantly since the late 1970s and early 80s in real terms , partly due to higher individual median wages , and partly due to increased opportunities for women .
Italian Australians
As previously stated with respect to the temporary migration of Tuscan migrants , Italians worked hard , and most saved steadily , by a simple a primitive mode of life , to buy land either in hospitable Australian urban areas or in the Italian community of origin . They were clearly `` the better men for the worse job '' .
Product life-cycle theory
The model applies to labor - saving and capital - using products that ( at least at first ) cater to high - income groups .
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
In India an individual Chartered Accountant , a firm or a Limited Liability Partnership of Chartered Accountants can practice the profession of Chartered Accountancy. ( 3 )
Labour in India
This Act enacted the rules and protections granted to Trade Unions in India . This law was amended in 2001 .
Caste system in India
... tribes , clans or families . The name stuck and became the usual word for the Hindu social group . In attempting to account for the remarkable proliferation of castes in 18th - and 19th - century India , authorities credulously accepted the traditional view that by a process of intermarriage and subdivision the 3,000 or more castes of modern India had evolved from the four primitive classes , and the term ' caste ' was applied indiscriminately to both varna or class , and jati or caste proper . This is a false terminology ; castes rise and fall in the social scale , and old castes die out and new ones are formed , but the four great classes are stable . There are never more or less than four and for over 2,000 years their order of precedence has not altered . ''
Bubble and squeak
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Mass versus weight
See also 21CFR201 Part 201.51 -- `` Declaration of net quantity of contents '' for general labeling and prescription labeling requirements .
Wöhler synthesis
NH 4 ( CNO ) ⟶ NH 3 + HNCO ↽ − − ⇀ ( NH 2 ) 2 CO ( \ displaystyle ( \ ce ( ( NH4 ( CNO ) ) - > ( NH3 ) + HNCO < = > ( ( NH2 ) 2CO ) ) ) )
Cell membrane
The cell membrane has different lipid and protein compositions in distinct types of cells and may have therefore specific names for certain cell types .
Nasal cavity
Nasal Cavity Head and neck . Conducting passages Details Part of Nose Identifiers Latin cavum nasi ; cavitas nasi MeSH D009296 TA A06. 1.02. 001 FMA 54378 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata )
Disk buffer
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Cigarette
This section should include a summary of Cigarette filter . See Wikipedia : Summary style for information on how to incorporate it into this article 's main text . ( July 2017 ) Simple
Bubble and squeak
Bubble and squeak A small portion of bubble and squeak ( left ) , as part of an English breakfast Place of origin United Kingdom Main ingredients Potatoes , Cabbage , Brussels sprouts , vegetables Cookbook : Bubble and Squeak Media : Bubble and squeak Bubble
Differential (mechanical device)
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Substantia nigra
Substantia nigra Substantia nigra highlighted in red . Section through superior colliculus showing Substantia nigra . Details Part of Midbrain , Basal ganglia Identifiers Latin Substantia nigra MeSH A08. 186.211. 132.659. 687 NeuroNames hier - 527 NeuroLex ID Substantia nigra TA A14. 1.06. 111 Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy ( edit on Wikidata )
The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle
( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary . It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real - world context . Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot . ( December 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
History of the Islamic Republic of Iran
The constitution of the Islamic Republic calls for the state sector `` to include all large - scale and mother industries , foreign trade '' , natural resources and communication ; and calls on the private sector to `` supplement the ... state and cooperative sectors . ''
Supply (economics)
This list is not exhaustive . All facts and circumstances that are relevant to a seller 's willingness or ability to produce and sell goods can affect supply . For example , if the forecast is for snow retail sellers will respond by increasing their stocks of snow sleds or skis or winter clothing or bread and milk .
List of major shopping centres in Australia by size
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Retail design
Materiality is another key selling tool , the choices made must not only be aesthetically pleasing and persuasive but also functional with a minimal need for maintenance . Retail spaces are high traffic area and are thus exposed to a lot of wear this means that possible finishes of the materials should be durable . The warmth of a material will make the space more inviting , a floor that is firm and somewhat buoyant will be more comfortable for that consumer to walk on and thus this will allow them to take longer when exploring the store . By switching materials throughout the store zones / areas can be defined , for example by making the path one material and contrast it against another for the selling areas this help to guide the consumer through the store . Colour is also important to consider it must not over power or clash against the merchandise but rather create a complementary background for the merchandise . As merchandise will change seasonally the interior colours should not be trend based but rather have timeless appeal like neutral based colours .
List of major shopping centres in Australia by size
The number of stores recorded in this list are approximate only , and subject to regular change .
Factory Acts
This section is empty . You can help by adding to it . ( July 2008 )
Fair trade
There remain many fair trade organizations that adhere to a greater or smaller degree to the original objectives of fair trade , and that market products through alternative channels where possible , and market through specialist fair trade shops , but they have a small proportion of the total market .
Franchising
a ) A summary of the franchise activities and operations , b ) A list of franchisees currently operating in the franchise system in Italy , c ) Year - by - year details of the changes in the number of franchisees for the previous three years in Italy , d ) A summary of any court or arbitral proceedings in Italy related to the franchise system , and e ) If requested by the franchisee , copies of franchisor 's balance sheets for the previous three years , or since start - up if that period is shorter . Norway
Shoplifting
Shoplifting is the act of knowingly taking goods from an establishment in which they are displayed for sale , without paying for them . Shoplifting usually involves concealing items on the person or an accomplice , and leaving the store without paying . However , shoplifting can also include price switching ( swapping the price labels of different goods ) , refund fraud , `` wardrobing '' ( returning clothes after they have been worn ) , and `` grazing '' ( eating or sampling a store 's goods while in the store ) . Price switching is now an almost extinct form of shoplifting for two reasons . Firstly , the labels will split apart upon attempted removal , and secondly , virtually all retail cashiers now scan items at the register , rather than relying on price stickers . Retailers report that shoplifting has a significant effect on their bottom line , stating that about 0.6 % of all inventory disappears to shoplifters .
Shoplifting
Additionally , some stores such as JB Hi - Fi , BestBuy and Costco add a measure and process of conducting receipt inspection to make sure the customer is purchasing the correct item . There is another theft scheme , in which people can conceal items and then only pay for one item . Normally this is either done by customers or employees . Loss prevention / security guards would normally only ask for a bag check . The purpose is to reduce and decrease retail theft and shoplifting .
Mercantilism
Murray Rothbard , representing the Austrian School of economics , describes it this way :
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
Paper 2 : Business Law & Business Correspondence and Reporting ( 100 Marks ) Section
Perfect competition
As mentioned above , the perfect competition model , if interpreted as applying also to short - period or very - short - period behaviour , is approximated only by markets of homogeneous products produced and purchased by very many sellers and buyers , usually organized markets for agricultural products or raw materials . In real - world markets , assumptions such as perfect information can not be verified and are only approximated in organized double - auction markets where most agents wait and observe the behaviour of prices before deciding to exchange ( but in the long - period interpretation perfect information is not necessary , the analysis only aims at determining the average around which market prices gravitate , and for gravitation to operate one does not need perfect information ) .
Industrial Revolution
This Second Industrial Revolution gradually grew to include chemicals , mainly the chemical industries , petroleum ( refining and distribution ) , and , in the 20th century , the automotive industry , and was marked by a transition of technological leadership from Britain to the United States and Germany .
Oil reserves in Canada
Petroleum in Canada This article is part of a series . 1 . Early history 2 . Story of natural gas 3 . Oil sands and heavy oil 4 . The frontiers 5 . Gas liquids Resources and producers Oil reserves Petroleum companies Categories Oil fields Oil refineries Oil companies Economy of Canada Energy policy of Canada Canada
Franchising
There are also large franchises like hotels , spas and hospitals , which are discussed further under technological alliances .
Forestry in India
In the 1980s , space satellites were deployed for remote sensing of real forest cover . Standards were introduced to classify India 's forests into the following categories :
Wind turbine
Part of a series on Renewable energy Biofuel Biomass Biogas Geothermal Hydropower Solar energy Tidal power Wave power Wind power Topics by country 100 % renewable energy Marketing and policy trends
Indian Railways
Locomotives in India consist of electric and diesel locomotives . The world 's first CNG ( Compressed Natural Gas ) locomotives are also being used . Steam locomotives are no longer used , except in heritage trains . In India , locomotives are classified according to their gauge , motive power , the work they are suited for and their power or model number . The class name includes this information about the locomotive . It comprises 4 or 5 letters . The first letter denotes the track gauge . The second letter denotes their motive power , Diesel or Alternating current ( Electric ) , and the third letter denotes the kind of traffic for which they are suited ( goods , passenger , Multi or shunting ) . The fourth letter used to denote locomotives ' chronological model number . However , from 2002 a new classification scheme has been adopted . Under this system , for newer diesel locomotives , the fourth letter will denote their horsepower range . Electric locomotives do n't come under this scheme , and even all diesel locos are not covered . For them , this letter denotes their model number as usual .
Child labour
Part of a series on Organised labour Labour movement ( show ) Timeline New Unionism Proletariat Social Movement Unionism Socialism Syndicalism Anarcho - syndicalism Labour rights ( hide ) Child labour Eight - hour day Five - day work week Annual leave Collective bargaining Minimum wage Occupational safety and health Trade unions ( show ) Trade unions by country Trade union federations International comparisons ITUC IWA WFTU Strike action ( show ) Chronological list of strikes General strike Secondary action Sitdown strike Work - to - rule Labour parties ( show ) Australian British Dutch Irish Israeli Maltese New Zealand Norwegian List of Labour parties Academic disciplines ( show ) Industrial relations Labour economics Labour history Labour law
Environmental issues in India
Indoor noise can be caused by machines , building activities , and music performances , especially in some workplaces . Noise - induced hearing loss can be caused by outside ( e.g. trains ) or inside ( e.g. music ) noise .
Caste system in India
Caste - based differences have also been practised in other regions and religions in the Indian subcontinent like Nepalese Buddhism , Christianity , Islam , Judaism and Sikhism . It has been challenged by many reformist Hindu movements , Islam , Sikhism , Christianity , and also by present - day Indian Buddhism .
Education in India
The constitution of India was amended to include a new article , 21A , which read :
Annealing (metallurgy)
Steels and other iron -- carbon alloy phases Ferrite Austenite Cementite Graphite Martensite Microstructures Spheroidite Pearlite Bainite Ledeburite Tempered martensite Widmanstatten structures Classes Crucible steel Carbon steel Spring steel Alloy steel Maraging steel Stainless steel Weathering steel Tool steel Other iron - based materials Cast iron Gray iron White iron Ductile iron Malleable iron Wrought iron
Sapper
The term `` sappers '' , in addition to the connotation of rank of engineer private , is used collectively to informally refer to the Engineer Corps as a whole and also forms part of the informal names of the three combat engineer groups , viz . Madras Sappers , Bengal Sappers and the Bombay Sappers . Each of these groups consist of about twenty battalion - sized engineer regiments and additional company - sized minor engineer units . The three sapper groups are descended from the sapper and miner groups of the East India Company and later the British Indian Army of the British Raj .
Computer
Computer - related professions Hardware - related Electrical engineering , Electronic engineering , Computer engineering , Telecommunications engineering , Optical engineering , Nanoengineering Software - related Computer science , Computer engineering , Desktop publishing , Human -- computer interaction , Information technology , Information systems , Computational science , Software engineering , Video game industry , Web design
Supreme Court of India
Supreme Court of India Bhārata Kā Sarvocca Nyāyālaya Seal of the Supreme Court Established 1 October 1937 ; 80 years ago ( 1937 - 10 - 01 ) ( as Federal Court of India ) 26 January 1950 ; 68 years ago ( 1950 - 01 - 26 ) ( as Supreme Court of India ) Country India Location Tilak Marg , New Delhi , Delhi Coordinates 28 ° 37 ′ 20 '' N 77 ° 14 ′ 23 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 28.622237 ° N 77.239584 ° E ﻿ / 28.622237 ; 77.239584 Coordinates : 28 ° 37 ′ 20 '' N 77 ° 14 ′ 23 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 28.622237 ° N 77.239584 ° E ﻿ / 28.622237 ; 77.239584 Motto यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः ॥ ( IAST : Yato Dharmastato Jayaḥ ) Where there is truth ( dharma ) , there is victory ( justice ) Composition method Collegium System Authorized by Constitution of India Judge term length Mandatory retirement at 65 years of age No. of positions 31 ( 30 + 1 ) ( Sanctioned strength ) 25 ( 24 + 1 ) ( Present strength ) Website www.sci.gov.in Chief Justice of India Currently Justice Dipak Misra Since 28 August 2017 Lead position ends 2 October 2018
India
States ( 1 -- 29 ) & Union territories ( A-G ) hide 1 . Andhra Pradesh 19 . Nagaland 2 . Arunachal Pradesh 20 . Odisha 3 . Assam 21 . Punjab 4 . Bihar 22 . Rajasthan 5 . Chhattisgarh 23 . Sikkim 6 . Goa 24 . Tamil Nadu 7 . Gujarat 25 . Telangana 8 . Haryana 26 . Tripura 9 . Himachal Pradesh 27 . Uttar Pradesh 10 . Jammu and Kashmir 28 . Uttarakhand 11 . Jharkhand 29 . West Bengal 12 . Karnataka A. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 13 . Kerala B. Chandigarh 14 . Madhya Pradesh C. Dadra and Nagar Haveli 15 . Maharashtra D. Daman and Diu 16 . Manipur E. Lakshadweep 17 . Meghalaya F. National Capital Territory of Delhi 18 . Mizoram G. Puducherry
Correlation does not imply causation
Example 2 When a country 's debt rises above 90 % of GDP , growth slows . Therefore , high debt causes slow growth .
Education in India
As a part of the tenth Five - year Plan ( 2002 -- 2007 ) , the central government of India outlined an expenditure of 65.6 % of its total education budget of ₹ 43,800 crore ( US $6.7 billion ) i.e. ₹ 28,800 crore ( US $4.4 billion ) on elementary education ; 9.9 % i.e. ₹ 4,325 crore ( US $660 million ) on secondary education ; 2.9 % i.e. ₹ 1,250 crore ( US $190 million ) on adult education ; 9.5 % i.e. ₹ 4,176.5 crore ( US $640 million ) on higher education ; 10.7 % i.e. ₹ 4,700 crore ( US $720 million ) on technical education ; and the remaining 1.4 % i.e. ₹ 623.5 crore ( US $95 million ) on miscellaneous education schemes .
Republic of Ireland
Ireland continues to de-leverage its domestic private sector while growing its US multinational - driven economy . Ireland became the main destination for US corporate tax inversions from 2009 - 2016 ( mostly pharmaceutical ) , peaking with the blocked $160 bn Allergan / Pfizer inversion ( worlds largest inversion , and circa 85 % of Irish GNI * ) . Ireland also became the largest foreign location for US `` big cap '' technology multinationals ( i.e. Apple , Google , Microsoft , Facebook ) , which deliverd a GDP growth rate of 26.3 % ( and GNP growth rate of 18.7 % ) in 2015 . This growth was subsequently shown to be due to Apple restructuring its `` double Irish '' subsidiary ( Apple Sales International , currently under threat of a € 13bn EU `` illegal state aid '' fine for preferential tax treatment ) .
India
The original Indian plate survives as peninsular India , the oldest and geologically most stable part of India . It extends as far north as the Satpura and Vindhya ranges in central India . These parallel chains run from the Arabian Sea coast in Gujarat in the west to the coal - rich Chota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand in the east . To the south , the remaining peninsular landmass , the Deccan Plateau , is flanked on the west and east by coastal ranges known as the Western and Eastern Ghats ; the plateau contains the country 's oldest rock formations , some over one billion years old . Constituted in such fashion , India lies to the north of the equator between 6 ° 44 ' and 35 ° 30 ' north latitude and 68 ° 7 ' and 97 ° 25 ' east longitude . The
Adam Vinatieri
89.3 38 38 100.0 -- 0 73 65.8 10 63 25.3 113 2007 IND 16 39 29 23 79.3 51 49 96.1 -- 91 65 9 81 25.0 118 2008 IND 16 52 25 20 80.0 43 43 100.0 -- 0 80 65.1 8 69 24.4 103 2009 IND 6 0 48 9 7 77.8 18 17 94.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 38 IND 16 48 28 26 92.9 51 51 100.0 -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- 129 2011 IND 16 53 27 23 85.2 24 24 100.0 -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- 93 2012 IND 16 53 33 26 78.8 37 37 100.0 -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- 115 2013 IND 15 52 40 35 87.5 34 34 100.0 -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- 139 2014 IND 16 0 53 31 30 96.8 50 50 100.0 -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- 140 2015 IND 16 0 55 27 25 92.6 35 32 91.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 107 2016 IND 16 0 54 31 27 87.1 44 44 100.0 -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- 125 2017 IND 15 54 34 29 85.3 24 22 91.6 -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- 109 Total 336 11 57 673 568 84.4 827 812 98.2 9 1,049 63.0 88 939 22.2 2,517