vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
United States antitrust law
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The Giver
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The Legend of the Lion King
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Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
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Economy of French Guiana
Household income or consumption by percentage share : lowest 10 % : NA % highest 10 % : Na %
Kent State shootings
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Coal
Production of Coal by Country and year ( million tonnes ) Country 2000 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Share Reserve Life ( years ) China 1,384.2 1,834.9 2,122.6 2,349.5 2,528.6 2,691.6 2,802.0 2,973.0 3,235.0 3,520.0 3,945.1 3,974.3 3,873.9 3,747.0 47.7 % 31 United States 974.0 972.3 1,008.9 1,026.5 1,054.8 1,040.2 1,063.0 975.2 983.7 992.8 922.1 893.4 907.2 812.8 11.9 % 292 India 334.8 375.4 407.7 428.4 449.2 478.4 515.9 556.0 573.8 588.5 605.6 608.5 648.1 677.5 7.4 % 89 European Union 653.3 637.2 627.6 607.4 595.1 592.3 563.6 538.4 535.7 576.1 589.7 558.0 539.1 528.1 3.8 % 112 Australia 313.9 350.4 364.3 375.4 382.2 392.7 399.2 413.2 424.0 415.5 444.9 470.8 503.2 484.5 7.2 % 158 Indonesia 77.0 114.3
Materials management
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Golf ball
Second , backspin generates lift by deforming the airflow around the ball , in a similar manner to an airplane wing . This is called the Magnus effect .
Jack in the Box
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Sampling distribution
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Trinity Western University
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Trans-Canada Highway
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Let It Be (song)
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Insulin
Q , 2C8R , 2CEU , 2G54 , 2G56 , 2H67 , 2HH4 , 2HHO , 2HIU , 2JMN , 2JUM , 2JUU , 2JUV , 2JV1 , 2JZQ , 2K91 , 2K9R , 2KJJ , 2KJU , 2KQP , 2KQQ , 2KXK , 2L1Y , 2L1Z , 2LGB , 2M1D , 2M1E , 2M2M , 2M2N , 2M2O , 2M2P , 2OLY , 2OLZ , 2OM0 , 2OM1 , 2OMG , 2OMH , 2OMI , 2QIU , 2R34 , 2R35 , 2R36 , 2RN5 , 2VJZ , 2VK0 , 2W44 , 2WBY , 2WC0 , 2WRU , 2WRV , 2WRW , 2WRX , 2WS0 , 2WS1 , 2WS4 , 2WS6 , 2WS7 , 3AIY , 3BXQ , 3E7Y , 3E7Z , 3
Beth (song)
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Public opinion
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Coal
Worldwide natural gas generated power has increased from 740 TW in 1973 to 5140 TW in 2014 , generating 22 % of the worlds total electricity , less than generated with coal . In addition to generating electricity , natural gas is also popular in some countries for heating and as an automotive fuel .
William Beaumont
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Briard
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Stop sign
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Malayan Union
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Economy of French Guiana
This article was imported from the CIA World Factbook and may require rewriting and / or reformatting to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . Please discuss this issue on the talk page . Editing help is available .
Coal
132.4 152.7 193.8 216.9 240.2 256.2 275.2 324.9 385.9 449.1 458.1 392.0 6.3 % 71 Russia 262.1 276.7 281.7 298.3 309.9 313.5 328.6 301.3 321.6 333.5 358.3 355.2 357.4 373.3 4.8 % 422 South Africa 224.2 237.9 243.4 244.4 244.8 247.7 252.6 250.6 254.3 255.1 258.6 256.6 261.5 252.1 3.7 % 120 Germany 201.6 204.9 207.8 202.8 197.1 201.9 192.4 183.7 182.3 188.6 196.2 190.6 185.8 184.3 1.1 % 220 Poland 172.7 163.8 162.4 159.5 156.1 145.9 144.0 135.2 133.2 139.2 144.1 142.9 137.1 135.5 1.4 % 40 Kazakhstan 74.9 84.9 86.9 86.6 96.2 97.8 111.1 100.9 110.9 115.9 120.5 119.6 114.0 106.5 1.2 % 316 World Total 4,725.6 5,301.3 5,716.0 6,035.3 6,342.0 6,573.3 6,795.0 6,880.8 7,254.6 7,695.4 8,204.7 8,254.9 8,206.0 7,861.1 100 % 114
Raggedy Ann
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Oil drop experiment
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Flowers in the Attic
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Wind turbine
Additions of small amount ( 0.5 weight % ) of nanoreinforcement ( carbon nanotubes or nanoclay in the polymer matrix of composites , fiber sizing or interlaminar layers can allow to increase the fatigue resistance , shear or compressive strength as well as fracture toughness of the composites by 30 -- 80 % . Research has also shown that the incorporation of small amount of carbon nanotubes / CNT can increase the lifetime up to 1500 % .
Agatha Christie
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Vermont
55.0 % 93,111 1984 50.0 % 116,938 48.5 % 113,264 1986 47.0 % 92,485 38.2 % 75,239 1988 55.3 % 134,558 43.3 % 105,319 1990 46.0 % 97,321 51.8 % 109,540 1992 74.7 % 213,523 23.0 % 65,837 68.7 % 145,661 19.0 % 40,292 70.5 % 179,544 22.5 % 57,161 1998 55.7 % 121,425 41.1 % 89,726 2000 50.5 % 148,059 38.0 % 111,359 2002 42.4 % 97,565 44.9 % 103,436 37.9 % 117,327 58.7 % 181,540 2006 41.1 % 108,090 56.3 % 148,014 2008 21.7 % 69,534 53.4 % 170,492 49.4 % 119,543 47.7 % 115,212 2012 57.8 % 170,749 37.6 % 110,940 2014 46.4 % 89,509 45.1 % 87,075 2016 43.5 % 139,253 52.1 % 166,817
Natural gas
Natural gas generated power has increased from 740 TWh in 1973 to 5140 TWh in 2014 , generating 22 % of the worlds total electricity . Approximately half as much as generated with coal . Efforts around the world to reduce the use of coal has led some regions to switch to natural gas .
Bust/waist/hip measurements
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Oil drop experiment
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Causes of World War II
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American Revolutionary War
Enforcing the acts proved difficult . The seizure of the sloop Liberty in 1768 on suspicions of smuggling triggered a riot . In response , British troops occupied Boston , and Parliament threatened to extradite colonists to face trial in England . Tensions rose after the murder of Christopher Seider by a customs official in 1770 and escalated into outrage after British troops fired on civilians in the Boston Massacre . In 1772 , colonists in Rhode Island boarded and burned a customs schooner . Parliament then repealed all taxes except the one on tea , passing the Tea Act in 1773 , attempting to force colonists to buy East India Company tea on which the Townshend duties were paid , thus implicitly agreeing to Parliamentary supremacy . The landing of the tea was resisted in all colonies , but the governor of Massachusetts permitted British tea ships to remain in Boston Harbor . So , the Sons of Liberty destroyed the tea chests , an incident that later became known as the `` Boston Tea Party '' .
Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies
The Revenue Act of 1764 that heavily taxed Madeira and other wines led to yet another boycott , this time against imported wines . This promoted another indigenous agricultural item of the American Colonies , the Vitis labrusca grapes . In 1765 , Benjamin Franklin decided to use Poor Richard 's Almanack to promote the growing of American grapes in order to encourage the production of domestic wines . One of Franklin 's friends , Benjamin Gale , stated one evening at one of their gatherings `` We must drink wine of our own making or none at all ; '' this opinion seemed to be a prevailing sentiment in the colonies from 1764 until the Revolution . Many who supported temperance in the colonies also supported the production of American wine at this time since the colonial form of temperance at the time was to drink only wine or beer instead of hard spirits .
Whiskey Rebellion
In addition to the whiskey tax , westerners had a number of other grievances with the national government , chief among which was the perception that the government was not adequately protecting the residents living in western frontier . The Northwest Indian War was going badly for the United States , with major losses in 1791 . Furthermore , westerners were prohibited by Spain ( which then owned Louisiana ) from using the Mississippi River for commercial navigation . Until these issues were addressed , westerners felt that the government was ignoring their security and economic welfare . Adding the whiskey excise to these existing grievances only increased tensions on the frontier .
English Civil War
Behemoth offered a uniquely historical and philosophical approach to naming the catalysts for the war . It also served as a political statement to explain why King Charles I was incapable of holding his place of power and maintaining peace in his kingdom .
Whiskey Rebellion
The timing of these events later proved to be controversial . Findley was a bitter political foe of Hamilton , and he maintained in his book on the insurrection that the treasury secretary had deliberately provoked the uprising by issuing the subpoenas just before the law was made less onerous . In 1963 , historian Jacob Cooke , an editor of Hamilton 's papers , regarded this charge as `` preposterous '' , calling it a `` conspiracy thesis '' that overstated Hamilton 's control of the federal government . In 1986 , historian Thomas Slaughter argued that the outbreak of the insurrection at this moment was due to `` a string of ironic coincidences '' , although `` the question about motives must always remain '' . In 2006 , William Hogeland argued that Hamilton , Bradford , and Rawle intentionally pursued a course of action that would provoke `` the kind of violence that would justify federal military suppression '' . According to Hogeland , Hamilton had been working towards this moment since the Newburgh Crisis in 1783 , where he conceived of using military force to crush popular resistance to direct taxation for the purpose of promoting national unity and enriching the creditor class at the expense of common taxpayers . Historian S.E. Morison believed that Hamilton , in general , wished to enforce the excise law `` more as a measure of social discipline than as a source of revenue '' .
Conscription in the United States
The Industrial Workers of the World mobilized to obstruct the war effort through strikes in war - related industries and not registering . Conscientious
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The battle was followed by a war for British political opinion . Within four days of the battle , the Massachusetts Provincial Congress had collected scores of sworn testimonies from militiamen and from British prisoners . When word leaked out a week after the battle that Gage was sending his official description of events to London , the Provincial Congress sent a packet of these detailed depositions , signed by over 100 participants in the events , on a faster ship . The documents were presented to a sympathetic official and printed by the London newspapers two weeks before Gage 's report arrived . Gage 's official report was too vague on particulars to influence anyone 's opinion . George Germain , no friend of the colonists , wrote , `` the Bostonians are in the right to make the King 's troops the aggressors and claim a victory . '' Politicians in London tended to blame Gage for the conflict instead of their own policies and instructions . The British troops in Boston variously blamed General Gage and Colonel Smith for the failures at Lexington and Concord .
Georgia during Reconstruction
Akerman , though born in the North , moved to Georgia after college and owned slaves ; he fought for the Confederacy and became a Scalawag during Reconstruction , speaking out for civil rights for blacks . As U.S. Attorney General under President Grant , he became the first ex-Confederate to reach the cabinet . Akerman was unafraid of the Klan and committed to protecting the lives and civil rights of Blacks . To bolster Akerman 's investigation , President Grant sent in Secret Service agents from the Justice Department to infiltrate the Klan to gather evidence for prosecution . The investigations revealed that many whites actively participated in Klan activities . With this evidence , Grant issued a Presidential proclamation to disarm and remove the Klan 's notorious white robe and hood disguises . When the Klan ignored the proclamation , Grant was able to send in Federal troops in nine South Carolina counties to put down the violent activities of the Klan . Grant teamed Akerman up with another reformer in 1870 , a native Kentuckian , the first Solicitor General Benjamin Bristow , and the duo went on to prosecute thousands of Klan members and brought a brief quiet period of two years in the turbulent Reconstruction era .
Native Son
Wright 's Native Son ( 1940 ) contains multiple similarities to Uncle Tom 's Cabin . Like Uncle Tom 's Cabin , Native Son can be interpreted as an illustration of the harsh reality of racial injustice in the United States . James Baldwin , writing in the Partisan Review , boldly linked the two novels . In both books , racial injustice is a `` pre-ordained pattern set upon the living reality '' . There is little the characters can do to escape racial discrimination . Additionally , both of these novels are a form of social protest , seek to disprove the idea that society neatly analyzes and treats race , and portray African Americans who emerge confused , dishonest , and panicked as they are trapped and immobilized as prisoners within the American dream .
Whiskey Rebellion
In August 1792 , a second convention was held in Pittsburgh to discuss resistance to the whiskey tax . This meeting was more radical than the first convention ; moderates such as Brackenridge and Findley were not in attendance . Future Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin was one moderate who did attend , to his later regret . A militant group known as the Mingo Creek Association dominated the convention and issued radical demands . As some of them had done in the American Revolution , they raised liberty poles , formed committees of correspondence , and took control of the local militia . They created an extralegal court and discouraged lawsuits for debt collection and foreclosures .
Whiskey Rebellion
Meanwhile , Hamilton began publishing essays under the name of `` Tully '' in Philadelphia newspapers , denouncing mob violence in western Pennsylvania and advocating military action . Democratic - Republican Societies had been formed throughout the country , and Washington and Hamilton believed that they were the source of civic unrest . `` Historians are not yet agreed on the exact role of the societies '' in the Whiskey Rebellion , wrote historian Mark Spencer in 2003 , `` but there was a degree of overlap between society membership and the Whiskey Rebels '' .
American Civil War
Grant 's army set out on the Overland Campaign with the goal of drawing Lee into a defense of Richmond , where they would attempt to pin down and destroy the Confederate army . The Union army first attempted to maneuver past Lee and fought several battles , notably at the Wilderness , Spotsylvania , and Cold Harbor . These battles resulted in heavy losses on both sides , and forced Lee 's Confederates to fall back repeatedly . An attempt to outflank Lee from the south failed under Butler , who was trapped inside the Bermuda Hundred river bend . Each battle resulted in setbacks for the Union that mirrored what they had suffered under prior generals , though unlike those prior generals , Grant fought on rather than retreat . Grant was tenacious and kept pressing Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia back to Richmond . While Lee was preparing for an attack on Richmond , Grant unexpectedly turned south to cross the James River and began the protracted Siege of Petersburg , where the two armies engaged in trench warfare for over nine months .
Bayonet
As early as the American Civil War ( 1861 -- 65 ) the bayonet was ultimately responsible for less than 1 % of battlefield casualties , a hallmark of modern warfare . The use of `` cold steel '' to force the enemy to retreat was very successful in numerous small unit engagements at short range in the American Civil War , as most troops would retreat when charged while reloading ( which could take up to a minute with loose powder even for trained troops ) . Although such charges inflicted few casualties , they often decided short engagements , and tactical possession of important defensive ground features . Additionally , bayonet drill could be used to rally men temporarily discomfited by enemy fire .
Whiskey Rebellion
Whiskey Rebellion Johnson Incident Battle of Bower Hill Pittsburgh Expedition Western Pennsylvania Expedition Hagerstown Riot
Conclusion of the American Civil War
Lee 's army fought a series of battles in the Appomattox Campaign against Grant that ultimately stretched thin his lines of defense . Lee 's extended lines were mostly on small sections of thirty miles of strongholds around Richmond and Petersburg , Virginia . His troops ultimately became exhausted defending this line because they were too thinned out . Grant then took advantage of the situation and launched attacks on this thirty mile long poorly defended front . This ultimately led to the surrender of Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox .
American Indian Wars
The Seminoles ' continued resistance to relocation led Florida to prepare for war . The St. Augustine Militia asked the U.S. War Department for the loan of 500 muskets . Five hundred volunteers were mobilized under Brig. Gen. Richard K. Call . Indian war parties raided farms and settlements , and families fled to forts , large towns , or out of the territory altogether . A war party led by Osceola captured a Florida militia supply train , killing eight of its guards and wounding six others . Most of the goods taken were recovered by the militia in another fight a few days later . Sugar plantations along the Atlantic coast south of St. Augustine were destroyed , with many of the slaves on the plantations joining the Seminoles . Attack
Whiskey Rebellion
Whiskey Rebellion George Washington reviews the troops near Fort Cumberland , Maryland , before their march to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania . Date 1791 -- 1794 Location primarily Western Pennsylvania Result Government victory Armed resistance eliminated Minor tax evasion Belligerents Frontier tax protesters United States Commanders and leaders Unknown , possibly none George Washington Casualties and losses 3 -- 4 killed 170 captured None killed in action ; About 12 died from illness or in accidents 2 civilian casualties
Native Son
Wright was affiliated with the Communist Party of the United States both prior to and following his publishing of Native Son . The Communist ideas in Native Son are evident as Wright draws a parallel between the Scottsboro boys case and Bigger Thomas ' case . One parallel is the court scene in Native Son , in which Max calls the `` hate and impatience '' of `` the mob congregated upon the streets beyond the window '' ( Wright , p. 386 ) and the `` mob who surrounded the Scottsboro jail with rope and kerosene '' after the Scottsboro boys ' initial conviction . ( Maxwell , page 132 ) Critics attacked Max 's final speech in the courtroom , claiming that it was an irrelevant elaboration on Wright 's own Communist beliefs and unrelated to Bigger 's case .