vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Sawing a woman in half
The creation of this version has been credited to magician Alan Wakeling , who devised it for fellow magician Channing Pollock to perform .
Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics H ^ ψ ( t ) ⟩ = i ħ ∂ ∂ t ψ ( t ) ⟩ ( \ displaystyle ( \ hat ( H ) ) \ psi ( t ) \ rangle = i \ hbar ( \ frac ( \ partial ) ( \ partial t ) ) \ psi ( t ) \ rangle ) Schrödinger equation Introduction Glossary History Background ( show ) Classical mechanics Old quantum theory Bra -- ket notation Hamiltonian Interference Fundamentals ( show ) Complementarity Decoherence Entanglement Energy level Measurement Nonlocality Quantum number State Superposition Symmetry Tunnelling Uncertainty Wave function ( collapse ) Experiments ( show ) Afshar Bell 's inequality Davisson -- Germer Double - slit Elitzur -- Vaidman Franck -- Hertz Leggett -- Garg inequality Mach -- Zehnder Popper Quantum eraser ( delayed - choice ) Schrödinger 's cat Stern -- Gerlach Wheeler 's delayed - choice Formulations ( show ) Overview Heisenberg Interaction Matrix Phase - space Schrödinger Sum - over-histories ( path integral ) Equations ( show ) Dirac Klein -- Gordon Pauli Rydberg Schrödinger Interpretations ( show ) Overview Consistent histories Copenhagen de Broglie -- Bohm Ensemble Hidden - variable Many - worlds Objective collapse Bayesian Quantum logic Relational Stochastic Scale relativity Transactional Advanced topics ( show ) Relativistic quantum mechanics Quantum field theory Quantum information science Quantum computing Quantum chaos Density matrix Fractional quantum mechanics Scattering theory Quantum statistical mechanics Quantum machine learning Scientists ( show ) Aharonov Bell Blackett Bloch Bohm Bohr Born Bose de Broglie Candlin Compton Dirac Davisson Debye Ehrenfest Einstein Everett Fock Fermi Feynman Glauber Gutzwiller Heisenberg Hilbert Jordan Kramers Pauli Lamb Landau Laue Moseley Millikan Onnes Planck Rabi Raman Rydberg Schrödinger Sommerfeld von Neumann Weyl Wien Wigner Zeeman Zeilinger
River Song (Doctor Who)
Moffat was influenced by Audrey Niffenegger 's science fiction romance novel The Time Traveler 's Wife , which depicts a woman who romances and marries a man who unintentionally moves through time . Niffenegger 's lovers experience an asynchronous and tragic love story . He comments , `` I 've quite purposefully used it '' , though he cites his 2006 episode `` The Girl in the Fireplace '' as the episode which most prominently explores the book 's themes in addition to its conceit . Kingston herself compares the character to Niffenegger 's titular Time Traveler 's Wife , and like Moffat enjoys `` backtracking '' more and more with the character as the series progresses . The tragedy for Song highlighted by `` The Impossible Astronaut '' / `` Day of the Moon '' is that she is progressing to a point where the Doctor will not know or trust her any more . Kingston comments ,
The Shining (film)
The resemblance in the staging of the Grady girls and the `` Twins '' photograph by Diane Arbus has been noted both by Arbus ' biographer , Patricia Bosworth , the Kubrick assistant who cast and coached them , Leon Vitali , and by numerous Kubrick critics . Although Kubrick both met Arbus personally and studied photography under her during his youthful days as photographer for Look magazine , Kubrick 's widow says he did not deliberately model the Grady girls on Arbus ' photograph , in spite of widespread attention to the resemblance .
Quantum mechanics
The foundations of quantum mechanics were established during the first half of the 20th century by Max Planck , Niels Bohr , Werner Heisenberg , Louis de Broglie , Arthur Compton , Albert Einstein , Erwin Schrödinger , Max Born , John von Neumann , Paul Dirac , Enrico Fermi , Wolfgang Pauli , Max von Laue , Freeman Dyson , David Hilbert , Wilhelm Wien , Satyendra Nath Bose , Arnold Sommerfeld , and others . The Copenhagen interpretation of Niels Bohr became widely accepted .
Cuban Americans
Art Linares , Republican , Westbrook , Member of the Connecticut State Senate from the 33rd district
Public administration
By the 1920s , scholars of public administration had responded to Wilson 's solicitation and thus textbooks in this field were introduced . A few distinguished scholars of that period were , Luther Gulick , Lyndall Urwick , Henri Fayol , Frederick Taylor , and others . Frederick Taylor ( 1856 -- 1915 ) , another prominent scholar in the field of administration and management also published a book entitled The Principles of Scientific Management ( 1911 ) . He believed that scientific analysis would lead to the discovery of the `` one best way '' to do things or carrying out an operation . This , according to him could help save cost and time . Taylor 's technique was later introduced to private industrialists , and later into the various government organizations ( Jeong , 2007 ) .
Qing dynasty
Under the Qing , traditional forms of art flourished and innovations occurred at many levels and in many types . High levels of literacy , a successful publishing industry , prosperous cities , and the Confucian emphasis on cultivation all fed a lively and creative set of cultural fields .
Migration in China
At the start of the 19th century , 40 years after the Qing reconquest , there were around 155,000 Han and Hui Chinese in northern Xinjiang and somewhat more than twice that number of Uyghurs in southern Xinjiang . A census of Xinjiang under Qing rule in the early 19th century tabulated ethnic shares of the population as 30 % Han and 60 % Turkic , while it dramatically shifted to 6 % Han and 75 % Uyghur in the 1953 census , however a situation similar to the Qing era - demographics with a large number of Han has been restored as of 2000 with 40.57 % Han and 45.21 % Uyghur . Professor Stanley W. Toops noted that today 's demographic situation is similar to that of the early Qing period in Xinjiang . In northern Xinjiang , the Qing brought in Han , Hui , Uyghur , Xibe , and Kazakh colonists after they exterminated the Zunghar Oirat Mongols in the region , with one third of Xinjiang 's total population consisting of Hui and Han in the northern are , while around two thirds were Uyghurs in southern Xinjiang 's Tarim Basin .
Quinn Fabray
At the beginning of the new school year , Quinn is reinstated as head cheerleader . She begins dating new glee club member Sam Evans ( Chord Overstreet ) , and later accepts a promise ring from him . When Sue forces Quinn , Santana and Brittany to choose between cheerleading and the glee club , all three initially go with the Cheerios to retain their popularity , but are later convinced by Finn to defect to New Directions . Quinn cheats on Sam with Finn , and Sam dumps Quinn after she lies to him about her time with Finn . She and Finn reunite , and Quinn starts campaigning for junior prom king and queen elections . Lauren Zizes ( Ashley Fink ) , Puck 's new girlfriend and one of Quinn 's rivals for prom queen , discovers that before transferring to McKinley High , Quinn was known by her first name , Lucy . She was overweight and unpopular , and after slimming down and having rhinoplasty , reinvented herself as Quinn , using her middle name . At prom , Finn is thrown out for fighting with Rachel 's date Jesse St. James ( Jonathan Groff ) . Quinn is not named prom queen , and blames Rachel for her loss . She slaps her , but immediately regrets it and apologizes . Finn later breaks up with Quinn when he realizes he has a deeper connection with Rachel .
John Steinbeck
John Ernst Steinbeck , Jr. ( / ˈstaɪnbɛk / ; February 27 , 1902 -- December 20 , 1968 ) was an American author . He won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature `` for his realistic and imaginative writings , combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception '' . He has been called `` a giant of American letters '' , and many of his works are considered classics of Western literature .
Qing dynasty
The formal structure of the Qing government centered on the Emperor as the absolute ruler , who presided over six Boards ( Ministries ) , each headed by two presidents and assisted by four vice presidents . In contrast to the Ming system , however , Qing ethnic policy dictated that appointments were split between Manchu noblemen and Han officials who had passed the highest levels of the state examinations . The Grand Secretariat , which had been an important policy - making body under the Ming , lost its importance during the Qing and evolved into an imperial chancery . The institutions which had been inherited from the Ming formed the core of the Qing `` Outer Court , '' which handled routine matters and was located in the southern part of the Forbidden City . The
Cheka
Chairman -- Meinkman , Moisei Uritsky ( reiller , Kozlovsky , Model , Rozmirovich , I. Diesporov , Iselevich , Krassikov , Bukhan , Merbis , Paykis , Anvelt .
Quasar
The term `` quasar '' was coined by Chinese - born U.S. astrophysicist Hong - Yee Chiu in May 1964 , in Physics Today , to describe these puzzling objects :
Elgin Marbles
In BBC TV Series QI ( S12E07XL ) , host Stephen Fry provided his support for the return of the Elgin Marbles while recounting the story of the Greeks giving lead shot to their Ottoman Empire enemies , as the Ottomans were running out of ammunition , in order to prevent damage to the Acropolis . Fry had previously written a blog post along much the same lines in December 2011 entitled `` A Modest Proposal '' , signing off with `` It 's time we lost our marbles ''
Mark and recapture
The example ( K , n , k ) = ( 10 , 15 , 5 ) gives
Nominative determinism
Jung listed striking instances among psychologists -- including himself : `` Herr Freud ( Joy ) champions the pleasure principle , Herr Adler ( Eagle ) the will to power , Herr Jung ( Young ) the idea of rebirth ... ''
List of The Big Bang Theory characters
Chen ( James Hong ) is a maitre d ' at a Chinese restaurant that the guys eat at .
Tao
In Old Chinese ( ca . 7th -- 3rd centuries BCE ) pronunciations , reconstructions for 道 `` way '' and 道 / 導 `` guide '' are * d'ôg ( Karlgren ) , * dəw ( Zhou ) , * dəgwx and * dəgwh ( Li Fanggui ) , * luʔ ( Baxter ) , and * lûʔ and * lûh ( Schuessler ) .
History of chemistry
Hence the quantum mechanical methods developed in the 1930s and 1940s are often referred to as theoretical molecular or atomic physics to underline the fact that they were more the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry and spectroscopy than answers to chemically relevant questions . In 1951 , a milestone article in quantum chemistry is the seminal paper of Clemens C.J. Roothaan on Roothaan equations . It opened the avenue to the solution of the self - consistent field equations for small molecules like hydrogen or nitrogen . Those computations were performed with the help of tables of integrals which were computed on the most advanced computers of the time .
Edward Augustus Freeman
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Chisholm , Hugh , ed. ( 1911 ) . `` Freeman , Edward Augustus '' . Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 ( 11th ed . ) . Cambridge University Press . pp. 76 -- 77 . By Freeman :
The Thin Red Line (1998 film)
Gene Siskel described it as the `` finest contemporary war film I 've seen , supplanting Steven Spielberg 's Saving Private Ryan from earlier this year , or even Oliver Stone 's Platoon from 1986 . '' A more subdued Roger Ebert gave it three stars , saying that it felt confused and unfinished . He wrote , `` The movie 's schizophrenia keeps it from greatness ( this film has no firm idea of what it is about ) , but does n't make it bad . It is , in fact , sort of fascinating ... The battle scenes themselves are masterful , in creating a sense of the geography of a particular hill , the way it is defended by Japanese bunkers , the ways in which the American soldiers attempt to take it ... Actors like Sean Penn , John Cusack , Jim Caviezel and Ben Chaplin find the perfect tone for scenes of a few seconds or a minute , and then are dropped before a rhythm can be established '' .
The Stanley Hotel
1934 - Erich Fromm , the German psychoanalyst 1936 - Gov. Alf Landon ( R , Kansas ) : opponent to Franklin Delano Roosevelt 's re-election 1974 - Stephen King , author who was inspired to write The Shining from his stay in room 217 1976 - Bob Dylan & Joan Baez , classic rock icons during the Rolling Thunder Revue tour 1994 - HM Emperor Akihito of Japan , Empress Michiko and Crown Prince Naruhito , on a state visit to the US 1994 - Dumb and Dumber cast and crew including Jim Carrey and Jeff Daniels for the `` Danbury Hotel '' location 1996 - The Shining ( miniseries ) cast and crew including Rebecca De Mornay and Steven Weber
Qing dynasty
Although the Qing gentry did not hold hereditary noble rank , they , like their British counterparts , were a group of elites who held imperial privileges and managed local affairs . Their public role was that of an imperially acknowledged male scholar and civil servant who had succeeded in passing in at least the first level of civil service examinations , held a degree , could legally wear gentry robes , was qualified for official service and could talk to other officials as equals even though the gentry may not be an official himself . It was not uncommon in the Qing that some of the gentry were officials who had served for one or two short terms in their youth and then `` retired '' to enjoy the glory of their status during their mid to later years . In terms of a more private role , the gentry included not only the males holding degrees but also their wives , descendants , some of their relatives , as well as some patrilineages who had once or perhaps never had someone who had held a degree .
Planck's law
Introducing the special notation α ( T ) for the absorptivity of material X at thermodynamic equilibrium at temperature T ( justified by a discovery of Einstein , as indicated below ) , one further has the equality
The Shining (film)
In the Italian version , Nicholson was dubbed by Giancarlo Giannini ; Kubrick sent him a congratulations letter for his excellent work as voice actor .
Vinaya Pitaka
The Pali version of the Theravada , included in the Pali Canon Suttavibhanga ( - vibhaṅga ) : commentary on the Patimokkha , with much of its text embedded Mahavibhanga ( mahā - ) dealing with monks Bhikkhunivibhanga ( bhikkhunī - ) dealing with nuns Khandhaka : 22 chapters on various topics Parivara : analyses the rules from various points of view ' Dul - ba , Tibetan translation of the Mulasarvastivada version ; this is the version used in the Tibetan tradition Vinayavastu : 16 skandhakas ( khandhakas ) and the start of the 17th Pratimokshasutra of monks Vinayavibhanga of monks Pratimokshasutra of nuns Vinayavibhanga of nuns Vinayakshudrakavastu : rest of the 17th skandhaka and others Vinayottaragrantha : appendices , including Upaliparipriccha , which corresponds to a chapter of the Parivara The `` Vinaya in Four Parts '' ( Chinese : 四 分 律 ; pinyin : Shìfēnlǜ ; Wade -- Giles : Ssŭ - fen lü ) ( Taisho catalogue number 1428 ) . This is Chinese translation of the Dharmaguptaka version , and is the version used in the Chinese tradition and its derivatives in Korea , Vietnam and in Japan under the early Kokubunji temple system . In the case of Japan , this was later replaced with ordination based solely on the Bodhisattva Precepts . Bhikshuvibhanga dealing with monks Bhikshunivibhanga dealing with nuns .
PageRank
PageRank was influenced by citation analysis , early developed by Eugene Garfield in the 1950s at the University of Pennsylvania , and by Hyper Search , developed by Massimo Marchiori at the University of Padua . In the same year PageRank was introduced ( 1998 ) , Jon Kleinberg published his important work on HITS . Google 's founders cite Garfield , Marchiori , and Kleinberg in their original papers .
Pi
Piphilology is the practice of memorizing large numbers of digits of π , and world - records are kept by the Guinness World Records . The record for memorizing digits of π , certified by Guinness World Records , is 70,000 digits , recited in India by Rajveer Meena in 9 hours and 27 minutes on 21 March 2015 . In 2006 , Akira Haraguchi , a retired Japanese engineer , claimed to have recited 100,000 decimal places , but the claim was not verified by Guinness World Records .
Quantum mechanics
Rutherford Louis de Broglie Satyendra Nath Bose Concepts ( show ) Topology space time energy matter work randomness information entropy mind light particle wave Branches ( show ) Applied Experimental Theoretical Philosophy of Science Philosophy of physics Mathematical logic Mathematical physics Supersymmetry String theory M - theory Grand Unified Theory Standard model Quantum mechanics Quantum field theory Antiparticle Antimatter Electromagnetism Quantum electrodynamics Weak interaction Electroweak interaction Strong interaction Quantum chromodynamics Atomic physics Particle physics Nuclear physics Exotic matter Higgs boson Atomic , molecular , and optical physics Condensed matter physics Quantum statistical mechanics Quantum information Quantum computation Spintronics Superconductivity Non-linear dynamics Photonics Biophysics Neurophysics Quantum mind Plasma physics Neutrino astronomy Special relativity General relativity Scale relativity Spacetime symmetries Dark matter Dark energy Fractal analysis Quantum chaos Emergence Complex systems Black holes Holographic principle Astrophysics Observable universe Big Bang Cosmology Theories of gravitation Loop quantum gravity Quantum gravity Theory of everything Mathematical universe hypothesis Multiverse Weak gravity conjecture Scientists ( show ) Röntgen Becquerel Lorentz Planck Curie Wien Skłodowska - Curie Sommerfeld Rutherford Soddy Onnes Einstein Wilczek Born Weyl Bohr Schrödinger de Broglie Laue Bose Compton Pauli Walton Fermi van der Waals Heisenberg Dyson Zeeman Moseley Hilbert Gödel Jordan Dirac Wigner Hawking P.W Anderson Lemaître Thomson Poincaré Wheeler Penrose Millikan Nambu von Neumann Higgs Hahn Feynman Lee Lenard Salam ' t Hooft Bell Gell - Mann J.J. Thomson Raman Bragg Bardeen Shockley Chadwick Lawrence Zeilinger Main
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Y John Rawls says that , to reach fair decisions , parties must consider matters as if behind a veil of ignorance .
Quechuan languages
Ancash ( I ) Wanka ( I ) Cajamarca ( II - A ) San Martin ( II - B ) Kichwa ( II - B ) Ayacucho ( II - C ) Cusco ( II - C ) ' one ' huk ( uk ~ huk ) suk , huk ( suk ) , ( huk ) suq ( soχ ) suk ( suk ) shuk ( ʃuk ) huk ( huk ) huk ( hoχ ) ' two ' ishkay ( ɪʃkeˑ ~ ɪʃkɐj ) ishkay ( iʃkaj ) ishkay ( ɪʃkɐj ) ishkay ( iʃkaj ) ishkay ( iʃki ~ iʃkaj ) iskay ( iskæj ) iskay ( iskæj ) ' ten ' ćhunka , chunka ( ʈ͡ʂʊŋkɐ ) , ( t͡ʃʊŋkɐ ) ćhunka ( ʈ͡ʂuŋka ) ch'unka ( ʈ͡ʂʊŋgɐ ) chunka ( t͡ʃuŋga ) chunka ( t͡ʃuŋgɐ ~ t͡ʃuŋkɐ ) chunka (
Scientific method
Ibn al - Haytham ( Alhazen ) , 965 -- 1039 Iraq . A polymath , considered by some to be the father of modern scientific methodology , due to his emphasis on experimental data and reproducibility of its results . Johannes Kepler ( 1571 -- 1630 ) . `` Kepler shows his keen logical sense in detailing the whole process by which he finally arrived at the true orbit . This is the greatest piece of Retroductive reasoning ever performed . '' -- C. S. Peirce , c. 1896 , on Kepler 's reasoning through explanatory hypotheses Galileo Galilei ( 1564 -- 1642 ) . According to Albert Einstein , `` All knowledge of reality starts from experience and ends in it . Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality . Because Galileo saw this , and particularly because he drummed it into the scientific world , he is the father of modern physics -- indeed , of modern science altogether . ''
List of The Last Ship characters
The Chinese Minister of State Security , and the second in command to President Peng Wu . Highly trained in martial arts , he is eventually killed by Wolf in S03E08 . He was portrayed by Stephen Oyoung . Jacob
Quinn Fabray
She was ranked No. 13 in AfterEllen.com 's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters .
The Return of Superman (TV series)
In April 2014 , China 's Zhejiang Television ( ZJTV ) began airing a Chinese version of The Return of Superman called Dad is Back starring former Taiwanese boy band Fahrenheit member Wu Chun , film producer Zhong Lei Wang , actor Jia Nailiang , and former gymnast Li Xiapeng . The show is in collaboration with the producers of the Korean KBS version and follows the same concept as the Korean version with the exception of a narrator . The title of the Chinese version was renamed in order to clear up plagiarism rumors . In March 2017 , Thailand Channel 7 began airing a Thai version of The Return of Superman called The Return of Superman Thailand .
Quantum mechanics
By 1930 , quantum mechanics had been further unified and formalized by the work of David Hilbert , Paul Dirac and John von Neumann with greater emphasis on measurement , the statistical nature of our knowledge of reality , and philosophical speculation about the ' observer ' . It has since permeated many disciplines including quantum chemistry , quantum electronics , quantum optics , and quantum information science . Its speculative modern developments include string theory and quantum gravity theories . It also provides a useful framework for many features of the modern periodic table of elements , and describes the behaviors of atoms during chemical bonding and the flow of electrons in computer semiconductors , and therefore plays a crucial role in many modern technologies .
Qing dynasty
Zhili Henan Shandong Shanxi Shaanxi Gansu Hubei Hunan Guangdong Guangxi Sichuan Yunnan Guizhou Jiangsu Jiangxi Zhejiang Fujian ( incl . Taiwan Prefecture until 1885 ) Anhui
The Shining (film)
Nicholson was Kubrick 's first choice for the role of Jack Torrance ; other actors considered included Robert De Niro ( who claims the film gave him nightmares for a month ) , Robin Williams , and Harrison Ford , all of whom met with Stephen King 's disapproval . In his search to find the right actor to play Danny , Kubrick sent a husband and wife team , Leon and Kersti Vitali , to Chicago , Denver , and Cincinnati to create an interview pool of 5,000 boys over a six - month period . These cities were chosen since Kubrick was looking for a boy with an accent which fell in between Jack Nicholson 's and Shelley Duvall 's speech patterns .
One Thousand and One Nights
The Sultan One Thousand and One Nights book . Harun ar - Rashid , a leading character of the 1001 Nights The fifth voyage of Sindbad William Harvey , The Fifth Voyage of Es - Sindbad of the Sea , 1838 -- 40 , woodcut William Harvey , The Story of the City of Brass , 1838 -- 40 , woodcut William Harvey , The Story of the Two Princes El - Amjad and El - As'ad , 1838 -- 40 , woodcut William Harvey , The Story of Abd Allah of the Land and Abd Allah of the Sea William Harvey , The Story of the Fisherman , 1838 -- 40 , woodcut Friedrich Gross , ante 1830 , woodcut Friedrich Gross , ante 1830 , woodcut Friedrich Gross , ante 1830 , woodcut Friedrich Gross , ante 1830 , woodcut Friedrich Gross , ante 1830 , woodcut Friedrich Gross , ante 1830 , woodcut Friedrich Gross , ante 1830 , woodcut Friedrich Gross , ante 1830 , woodcut Frank Brangwyn , Story of Abon - Hassan the Wag ( `` He found himself upon the royal couch '' ) , 1895 -- 96 , watercolour and tempera on millboard Frank Brangwyn , Story of the Merchant ( `
Phoenix (constellation)
Celestial historian Richard Allen noted that unlike the other constellations introduced by Plancius and La Caille , Phoenix has actual precedent in ancient astronomy , as the Arabs saw this formation as representing young ostriches , Al Ri'āl , or as a griffin or eagle . In addition , the same group of stars was sometimes imagined by the Arabs as a boat , Al Zaurak , on the nearby river Eridanus . He observed , `` the introduction of a Phoenix into modern astronomy was , in a measure , by adoption rather than by invention . ''