vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Charles Dickens
During this period , whilst pondering a project to give public readings for his own profit , Dickens was approached through a charitable appeal by Great Ormond Street Hospital , to help it survive its first major financial crisis . His ' Drooping Buds ' essay in Household Words earlier on 3 April 1852 was considered by the hospital 's founders to have been the catalyst for the hospital 's success . Dickens , whose philanthropy was well - known , was asked by his friend , the hospital 's founder Charles West , to preside over the appeal , and he threw himself into the task , heart and soul . Dickens 's public readings secured sufficient funds for an endowment to put the hospital on a sound financial footing -- one reading on 9 February 1858 alone raised £ 3,000 .
Andrew Carnegie
His uncle , George Lauder Sr. , a Scottish political leader , deeply influenced him as a boy by introducing him to the writings of Robert Burns and historical Scottish heroes such as Robert the Bruce , William Wallace , and Rob Roy . Lauder 's son , also named George Lauder , grew up with Andrew and would become his business partner . When Carnegie was thirteen , his father had fallen on very hard times as a handloom weaver ; making matters worse , the country was in starvation . His mother helped support the family by assisting her brother ( a cobbler ) , and by selling potted meats at her `` sweetie shop '' . By the 1840s , she was the primary breadwinner . Struggling to make ends meet , the Carnegies then decided to move to Allegheny , Pennsylvania , in the United States in 1848 for the prospect of a better life .
The Spectator (1711)
The Spectator also had many readers in the American colonies . In particular , James Madison read the paper avidly as a teenager . It is said to have had a big influence on his world view , lasting throughout his long life .
Charles Dickens
At about this time he was made aware of a large embezzlement at the firm where his brother , Augustus , worked ( John Chapman & Co . ) . It had been carried out by Thomas Powell , a clerk , who was on friendly terms with Dickens and who had acted as mentor to Augustus when he started work . Powell was also an author and poet and knew many of the famous writers of the day . After further fraudulent activities , Powell fled to New York and published a book called The Living Authors of England with a chapter on Charles Dickens , who was not amused by what Powell had written . One item that seemed to have annoyed him was the assertion that he had based the character of Paul Dombey ( Dombey and Son ) , on Thomas Chapman , one of the principal partners at John Chapman & Co . Dickens immediately fired off a letter to Lewis Gaylord Clark , editor of the New York literary magazine The Knickerbocker , saying that Powell was a forger and thief . Clark published the letter in the New - York Tribune and several other papers picked up on the story . Powell started proceedings to sue these publications and Clark was arrested . Dickens , realising that he had acted in haste , contacted John Chapman & Co. to seek written confirmation of Powell 's guilt . Dickens did receive a reply confirming Powell 's embezzlement , but once the directors realised this information may have to be produced in court they refused to make further disclosures . Due to the difficulties of providing evidence in America to support his accusations , Dickens eventually made a private settlement with Powell out of court .
The Great Gatsby
Fitzgerald 's visits to Long Island 's north shore and his experience attending parties at mansions inspired The Great Gatsby 's setting . Today , there are a number of theories as to which mansion was the inspiration for the book . One possibility is Land 's End , a notable Gold Coast Mansion where Fitzgerald may have attended a party . Many of the events in Fitzgerald 's early life are reflected throughout The Great Gatsby . Fitzgerald was a young man from Minnesota , and like Nick , he was educated at an Ivy League school , Princeton ( in Nick 's case , Yale ) . Fitzgerald is also similar to Jay Gatsby , in that he fell in love while stationed far from home in the military and fell into a life of decadence trying to prove himself to the girl he loved . Fitzgerald became a second lieutenant and was stationed at Camp Sheridan , in Montgomery , Alabama . There he met and fell in love with a wild seventeen - year - old beauty named Zelda Sayre . Zelda finally agreed to marry him , but her preference for wealth , fun , and leisure led her to delay their wedding until he could prove a success . Like Nick in The Great Gatsby , Fitzgerald found this new lifestyle seductive and exciting , and , like Gatsby , he had always idolized the very rich . In many ways , The Great Gatsby represents Fitzgerald 's attempt to confront his conflicting feelings about the Jazz Age . Like Gatsby , Fitzgerald was driven by his love for a woman who symbolized everything he wanted , even as she led him toward everything he despised .
Friedrich Engels
When Louis Bonaparte carried out a coup against the French government and made himself president for life on 2 December 1851 , Marx and Engels , like many people , were shocked . In condemning this action , Engels wrote to Marx about the coup on 3 December 1851 . Engels characterised the coup as `` comical '' and referred to it as occurring on `` the 18th Brumaire '' -- the date of the coup according to the 1799 republican calendar of France under Napoleon I. Marx was later to incorporate this comically ironic characterisation of Louis Bonaparte 's coup into his essay about the coup . Indeed , Marx even called the essay The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte again using Engels 's suggested characterisation . Marx also borrowed Engels characterisation of Hegel 's notion of the World Spirit that history occurred twice , `` once as a tragedy and secondly as a farce '' in the first paragraph of his new essay .
Pomp and Circumstance Marches
The first five were all published by Boosey & Co. as Elgar 's Op. 39 , and each of the marches is dedicated to a particular musical friend of Elgar 's .
Battle of Towton
The Battle of Towton was re-examined by Geoffrey Hill in his poem `` Funeral Music '' ( 1968 ) . Hill presents the historical event through the voices of its combatants , looking at the turmoil of the era through their eyes . The common soldiers grouse about their physical discomforts and the sacrifices that they had made for the ideas glorified by their leaders . They share their superiors ' determination to seek the destruction of their opponents , even at the cost of their lives . Hill depicts the participants ' belief that the event was pre-destined and of utmost importance as a farce ; the world went about its business regardless of the Battle of Towton .
Ramcharitmanas
Kiśkindhā Kāṇḍ commences with the following verse : Lovely as a jasmine and a blue lotus , of surpassing strength , repositories of wisdom , endowed with natural grace , excellent bowmen , hymned by the Vedas , and lovers of the cow and Brāhmaņas , who appeared in the form of mortal men through their own Māyā ( deluding potency ) as the two noble scions of Raghu , the armours of true dharma , friendly to all and journeying in quest for Sita , may they both grant us Devotion .
Great Expectations
Beyond its biographical and literary aspects , Great Expectations appears , according to Robin Gilmour , as `` a representative fable of the age '' . Dickens was aware that the novel `` speaks '' to a generation applying , at most , the principle of `` self help '' which was believed to have increased the order of daily life . That the hero Pip aspires to improve , not through snobbery , but through the Victorian conviction of education , social refinement , and materialism , was seen as a noble and worthy goal . However , by tracing the origins of Pip 's `` great expectations '' to crime , deceit and even banishment to the colonies , Dickens unfavourably compares the new generation to the previous one of Joe Gargery , which Dickens portrays as less sophisticated but especially rooted in sound values , presenting an oblique criticism of his time .
Ecclesiastes
The subjects of Ecclesiastes are the pain and frustration engendered by observing and meditating on the distortions and inequities pervading the world , the uselessness of human deeds , and the limitations of wisdom and righteousness . The phrase `` under the sun '' appears thirty times in connection with these observations ; all this coexists with a firm belief in God , whose power , justice and unpredictability are sovereign . History and nature move in cycles , so that all events are predetermined and unchangeable , and life has no meaning or purpose : the wise man and the man who does not study wisdom will both die and be forgotten : man should be reverent ( `` Fear God '' ) , but in this life it is best to simply enjoy God 's gifts .
Halley's Comet
Twain died on 21 April 1910 , the day following the comet 's subsequent perihelion . The 1985 fantasy film The Adventures of Mark Twain was inspired by the quotation .
Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie believed in using his fortune for others and doing more than making money . He wrote :
The Star-Spangled Banner
Aboard the ship the next day , Key wrote a poem on the back of a letter he had kept in his pocket . At twilight on September 16 , he and Skinner were released in Baltimore . He completed the poem at the Indian Queen Hotel , where he was staying , and titled it `` Defence of Fort M'Henry '' . It was first published nationally in The Analectic Magazine .
Charles Dickens
The Francophile Dickens often vacationed in France and in a speech delivered in Paris in 1846 in French called the French `` the first people in the universe '' . During his visit to Paris , Dickens met the French literati Alexandre Dumas , Victor Hugo , Eugène Scribe , Théophile Gautier , François - René de Chateaubriand and Eugène Sue . Dickens started to write David Copperfield in 1848 . It was published between 1849 and 1850 . Scholars consider it as Dickens 's veiled autobiography with the title character modeled after the author himself . It was Dickens 's personal favourite among his own novels .
Great Expectations
John Forster ( 1872 -- 1874 ) , The Life of Charles Dickens , London : J.M. Dent & Sons , edited by J.W.T. Ley , 1928 John Forster ( 1976 ) , Life of Charles Dickens , London : Everyman 's Library , ISBN 0460007823 Hippolyte Taine ( 1879 ) , History of English Literature , Translated from French by H. Van Laun , New York G.K. Chesterton ( 1906 ) , Charles Dickens , London : Methuen and Co. , Ltd . G.K. Chesterton ( 1911 ) , Appreciations and Criticisms of the Works of Charles Dickens , London : J.M. Dent S.J. Adair Fitz - Gerald ( 1910 ) , Dickens and the Drama , London : Chapman & Hall , Ltd . Gilbert Keith Chesterton ( 1911 ) , Appreciations and Criticisms of the Works of Charles Dickens , London George Gissing ( 1925 ) , The Immortal Dickens , London : Cecil Palmer Humphry House ( 1941 ) , The Dickens World , London : Oxford University Press Una Pope Hennessy ( 1947 ) , Charles Dickens , London : The Reprint Society , first published 1945 Hesketh Pearson ( 1949 ) , Dickens , London : Methuen Jack Lindsay ( 1950 ) , Charles Dickens , A Biographical and Critical Study , New York : Philosophical Library Barbara Hardy ( 1952 ) , Dickens and the Twentieth Century . The Heart of Charles Dickens , New York : Edgar Johnson Edgar Johnson ( 1952 ) , Charles Dickens : His Tragedy and Triumph. 2 vols , New York : Simon and Schuster Sylvère Monod ( 1953 ) , Dickens romancier ( in French ) , Paris : Hachette John Hillis - Miller ( 1958 ) , Charles Dickens , The World of His Novels , Harvard : Harvard University Press , ISBN 9780674110007 E.A. Horsman ( 1959 ) , Dickens and the Structure of Novel , Dunedin , N.Z. R.C. Churchill ( 1964 ) , Charles Dickens , From Dickens to Hardy , Baltimore , Md.
Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House
The story behind the film began as an April 1946 article written by Eric Hodgins for Fortune magazine ; that article was reprinted in Reader 's Digest and ( in condensed form ) in Life before being published as a novel .
Friedrich Engels
After Marx 's death , Engels devoted much of his remaining years to editing Marx 's unfinished volumes of Capital . However , he also contributed significantly in other areas . Engels made an argument using anthropological evidence of the time to show that family structures changed over history , and that the concept of monogamous marriage came from the necessity within class society for men to control women to ensure their own children would inherit their property . He argued a future communist society would allow people to make decisions about their relationships free of economic constraints . One of the best examples of Engels 's thoughts on these issues are in his work The Origin of the Family , Private Property and the State .
John Steinbeck
Ricketts was Steinbeck 's model for the character of `` Doc '' in Cannery Row ( 1945 ) and Sweet Thursday ( 1954 ) , `` Friend Ed '' in Burning Bright , and characters in In Dubious Battle ( 1936 ) and The Grapes of Wrath ( 1939 ) . Ecological themes recur in Steinbeck 's novels of the period .
Charles Dickens
He described his impressions in a travelogue , American Notes for General Circulation . Dickens includes in Notes a powerful condemnation of slavery , which he had attacked as early as The Pickwick Papers , correlating the emancipation of the poor in England with the abolition of slavery abroad citing newspaper accounts of runaway slaves disfigured by their masters . In spite of the abolitionist sentiments gleaned from his trip to America , some modern commentators have pointed out inconsistencies in Dickens 's views on racial inequality , for instance , he has been criticized for his subsequent acquiescence in Governor Eyre 's harsh crackdown during the 1860s Morant Bay rebellion in Jamaica and his failure to join other British progressives in condemning it . From Richmond , Virginia , Dickens returned to Washington , D.C. , and started a trek westward to St. Louis , Missouri . While there , he expressed a desire to see an American prairie before returning east . A group of 13 men then set out with Dickens to visit Looking Glass Prairie , a trip 30 miles into Illinois .
Octopussy
The film 's title is taken from a short story in Ian Fleming 's 1966 short story collection Octopussy and The Living Daylights , although the film 's plot is original . It does , however , include a scene inspired by the Fleming short story `` The Property of a Lady '' ( included in 1967 and later editions of Octopussy and The Living Daylights ) , while the events of the short story `` Octopussy '' form a part of the title character 's background and are recounted by her .
Kirk Gibson's 1988 World Series home run
All year long , they looked to him to light the fire , ( Scully began )
Monday Night Football
A revision of the opening sequence was used for the 2014 season . Among the few changes , GMC 's product placement promoted the automaker 's line of Denali vehicles , while the sequence itself included some additional highlights of MNF games from the previous 44 seasons up to 2013 . 2015
Mass Effect: Andromeda
Mass Effect : Andromeda is an action role - playing game in which the player takes control of either Scott or Sara Ryder from a third - person perspective . Both Ryders ' appearances and first names can be determined by the player . The appearance of their father , Alec , is automatically adjusted based on the appearance of the Ryder twins . Upon beating the game , a New Game+ is unlocked , which allows the player to restart the game with certain bonuses and switch to playing as the other Ryder , if desired . Players can also choose to continue playing with their existing character and complete unfinished missions .
Xbox Live
In order to prevent abuse of the system , the majority of ranked games have relatively limited options for matchmaking . By design , players can not easily play with their friends in ranked games . However , these countermeasures have failed due to techniques such as alternate account ( s ) and system flaws where each system has its own individual TrueSkill rating . To provide less competitive games , the system supports unranked Player Matches , which allow individuals of any skill level to be paired ( often including `` guests '' on an account ) . Such matches do not contribute to the TrueSkill rating .
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
The lighting system is programmed to darken the set as the contestant progresses further into the game . There are also spotlights situated at the bottom of the set area that zoom down on the contestant when they answer a major question ; to increase the visibility of the light beams emitted by such spotlights , oil is vaporised , creating a haze effect . Media scholar Dr. Robert Thompson , a professor at Syracuse University , stated that the show 's lighting system made the contestant feel as though they were outside a prison while an escape was in progress .
Star formation
A spiral galaxy like the Milky Way contains stars , stellar remnants , and a diffuse interstellar medium ( ISM ) of gas and dust . The interstellar medium consists of 10 to 10 particles per cm and is typically composed of roughly 70 % hydrogen by mass , with most of the remaining gas consisting of helium . This medium has been chemically enriched by trace amounts of heavier elements that were ejected from stars as they passed beyond the end of their main sequence lifetime . Higher density regions of the interstellar medium form clouds , or diffuse nebulae , where star formation takes place . In contrast to spirals , an elliptical galaxy loses the cold component of its interstellar medium within roughly a billion years , which hinders the galaxy from forming diffuse nebulae except through mergers with other galaxies .
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)
The music provided for the show was composed by father - and - son duo Keith and Matthew Strachan . The Strachans ' composition for the game show helped with Briggs ' tense game design , by providing the necessary drama and tension . Unlike other game show musical scores , the music provided for Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? was designed to be played throughout the entire episode of the show . The Strachans main theme for the game show was inspired from the `` Mars '' movement of Gustav Holst 's The Planets . For the main game of the show , the pair designed the music to feature three variations , with the second and third compositions focused on emphasising the increased tension of the game - as a contestant made progress to higher cash amounts , the pitch of the music was increased by a semitone for each subsequent question . On Game Show Network 's Gameshow Hall of Fame special , the narrator described the Strachan tracks as `` mimicking the sound of a beating heart '' , and stated that as the contestant works their way up the money ladder , the music is `` perfectly in tune with their ever - increasing pulse '' .
California State Lottery
Decco : Played in a similar fashion as most US `` pick - 4 '' drawing games , except players had to match one playing card ( 2 through Ace ) in each of the four suits .
Seventh-inning stretch
The Journey song `` Lights '' is frequently played at San Francisco Giants baseball games ( including a version led by Perry himself in the middle of the 8th inning during Game 2 of the 2010 World Series ) and the cross-bay Oakland Athletics after - game fireworks starts .
2017 World Series
2017 World Series ( 4 -- 3 ) : Houston Astros beat Los Angeles Dodgers .
Seventh-inning stretch
Many teams will also play a local traditional song either before or after `` Take Me Out to the Ballgame '' . Since the 1970s , the Baltimore Orioles have often played the raucous John Denver song `` Thank God I 'm a Country Boy '' at the conclusion of `` Take Me Out to the Ball Game '' . During the bridge of the song , in which Denver holds a long note , fans yell `` Ooooooooh ! '' ( since the name Orioles is often shortened to `` O 's '' . ) The Atlanta Braves also play this song after `` Take Me Out To The Ball Game '' .
2018 NBA Playoffs
American Airlines Arena , Miami , Florida Attendance : 19,804 Referees : Mike Callahan , Jason Phillips , Kevin Scott
2017 World Series
November 1 , 2017 , 5 : 21 pm ( PDT ) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles , California , 69 ° F ( 21 ° C ) , partly cloudy Team 5 6 7 8 9 Houston 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 Los Angeles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 WP : Charlie Morton ( 1 -- 0 ) LP : Yu Darvish ( 0 -- 2 ) Home runs : HOU : George Springer ( 5 ) LAD : None Attendance : 54,124
Death Star
Both Death Stars appear throughout the non-canonical Star Wars Legends ( formerly known as the Expanded Universe ) .
2018 NBA Playoffs
American Airlines Arena , Miami , Florida Attendance : 19,812 Referees : James Capers , Tony Brown , Kane Fitzgerald
2017 World Series
On August 31 , just seconds before the midnight deadline , the Astros traded for Justin Verlander . Following the trade , including the regular season and postseason to this point , Verlander had posted a 9 -- 0 win - loss record with a 1.23 earned run average . He was named the ALCS MVP .
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
The series holds strong roots in the Southeastern United States , with half of the races in the 36 - race season being held in that region . The current schedule includes tracks from around the United States . Regular season races were previously held in Canada , and exhibition races were held in Japan and Australia . The Daytona 500 , the most prestigious race , had a television audience of about 11.9 million U.S. viewers in 2017 .
Midwestern United States
Notable professional golf tournaments in the Midwest include the WGC - Bridgestone Invitational , Memorial Tournament , BMW Championship and John Deere Classic .
Fox Sports 1
MLB Whiparound ( nightly 11 p.m. -- midnight Eastern during baseball season ) -- A live nightly Major League Baseball highlights and analysis program ( similar in vein to ESPN 's Baseball Tonight or MLB Network 's MLB Tonight ) featuring quick turnaround highlights , news and analysis . The show is hosted by Chris Myers , and one or two analysts from the group of Frank Thomas , Eric Karros and Nick Swisher . Some editions of the program are subject to being moved to a later timeslot , due to conflicts with other scheduled live programming . NASCAR RaceDay ( Saturday afternoon or Sunday morning depending on the race time ) -- A pre-race show for the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series , hosted by John Roberts , with Larry McReynolds , Michael Waltrip and Kenny Wallace providing analysis ; the program was carried over to the network from Speed . NASCAR Race Hub ( weekdays 6 -- 7 p.m. Eastern ) -- A daily program featuring news and analysis on the NASCAR circuit , including reviews of previous races and previews of upcoming action ; the program was carried over to the network from Speed . NASCAR Victory Lane ( Saturday night or Sunday evening depending on the race time ) -- A post-race show for the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series , hosted by John Roberts or Chris Myers , Michael Waltrip and Kenny Wallace ; the program was carried over to the network from Speed . UFC Tonight ( Wednesdays 7 -- p.m. Eastern ) -- Hosted by Kenny Florian and Karyn Bryant , the program features the latest news , highlights , and analysis from the UFC ; this program was carried over to FS1 from Fuel TV ( now Fox Sports 2 ) . Former
2017 World Series
Locally , both teams ' flagship radio stations broadcast the series with their regular announcers . Sportstalk 790 aired the English - language broadcast for the Houston area , with Robert Ford and Steve Sparks calling the games . In Los Angeles , AM 570 LA Sports aired the English - language broadcast , with Charley Steiner and Rick Monday announcing . In Spanish , Univision America 1020 carried the broadcast , with Jaime Jarrín and Jorge Jarrín on the call . In Korean , Radio Korea 1540 aired the series , with Richard Choi and Chong Ho Yim in the booth .