vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Charles Dickens
Museums and festivals celebrating Dickens 's life and works exist in many places with which Dickens was associated . These include the Charles Dickens Museum in London , the historic home where he wrote Oliver Twist , The Pickwick Papers and Nicholas Nickleby ; and the Charles Dickens Birthplace Museum in Portsmouth , the house in which he was born . The original manuscripts of many of his novels , as well as printers ' proofs , first editions , and illustrations from the collection of Dickens 's friend John Forster are held at the Victoria and Albert Museum . Dickens 's will stipulated that no memorial be erected in his honour ; nonetheless , a life - size bronze statue of Dickens entitled Dickens and Little Nell , cast in 1891 by Francis Edwin Elwell , stands in Clark Park in the Spruce Hill neighbourhood of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Another life - size statue of Dickens is located at Centennial Park , Sydney , Australia . In 2014 , a life - size statue was unveiled near his birthplace in Portsmouth on the 202nd anniversary of his birth ; this was supported by the author 's great - great grandsons , Ian and Gerald Dickens .
Waiting for Godot
Although not his favourite amongst his plays it was the work which brought Beckett fame and financial stability and as such it always held a special place in his affections . `` When the manuscript and rare books dealer , Henry Wenning , asked him if he could sell the original French manuscript for him , Beckett replied : ' Rightly or wrongly have decided not to let Godot go yet . Neither sentimental nor financial , probably peak of market now and never such an offer . Ca n't explain . ' '' Set
Promotion (chess)
The restricted promotion rule was applied inconsistently . Arthur Saul published a book in 1814 which gave the unrestricted promotion rule , as did Jacob Sarratt in an 1828 book . By Sarratt 's time , unrestricted promotion was popular , and according to Davidson it was universal by the mid-19th century ( Davidson 1981 : 61 ) . However Howard Staunton wrote in The Chess - Player 's Handbook , originally published in 1847 , that according to Carl Jaenisch the restricted promotion rule was still in force in northern Europe , Russia , Scandinavia , and Germany ( Staunton 1848 : 7 ) .
Musical theatre
`` After Oklahoma ! , Rodgers and Hammerstein were the most important contributors to the musical - play form ... The examples they set in creating vital plays , often rich with social thought , provided the necessary encouragement for other gifted writers to create musical plays of their own '' . The two collaborators created an extraordinary collection of some of musical theatre 's best loved and most enduring classics , including Carousel ( 1945 ) , South Pacific ( 1949 ) , The King and I ( 1951 ) , and The Sound of Music ( 1959 ) . Some of these musicals treat more serious subject matter than most earlier shows : the villain in Oklahoma ! is a suspected murderer and psychopath with a fondness for lewd post cards ; Carousel deals with spousal abuse , thievery , suicide and the afterlife ; South Pacific explores miscegenation even more thoroughly than Show Boat ; and the hero of The King and I dies onstage .
Novel
The late 18th century brought an answer with the Romantic Movement 's readiness to reclaim the word romance , especially with the gothic romance , but the historical novels of Walter Scott also have a strong romance element . Robinson Crusoe became a `` novel '' in this period appearing now as a work of the new realistic fiction that the 18th century had created .
History of the United Kingdom
As literacy and leisure time expanded after 1900 , reading became a popular pastime . New additions to adult fiction doubled during the 1920s , reaching 2800 new books a year by 1935 . Libraries tripled their stock , and saw heavy demand for new fiction . A dramatic innovation was the inexpensive paperback , pioneered by Allen Lane ( 1902 -- 70 ) at Penguin Books in 1935 . The first titles included novels by Ernest Hemingway and Agatha Christie . They were sold cheap ( usually sixpence ) in a wide variety of inexpensive stores such as Woolworth 's . Penguin aimed at an educated middle class `` middlebrow '' audience . It avoided the downscale image of American paperbacks . The line signaled cultural self - improvement and political education . However the war years caused a shortage of staff for publishers and book stores , and a severe shortage of rationed paper , worsened by the air raid on Paternoster Square in 1940 that burned 5 million books in warehouses .
Age of Enlightenment
The strongest contribution of the French Academies to the public sphere comes from the concours académiques ( roughly translated as `` academic contests '' ) they sponsored throughout France . These academic contests were perhaps the most public of any institution during the Enlightenment . The practice of contests dated back to the Middle Ages and was revived in the mid-17th century . The subject matter had previously been generally religious and / or monarchical , featuring essays , poetry and painting . However , by roughly 1725 this subject matter had radically expanded and diversified , including `` royal propaganda , philosophical battles , and critical ruminations on the social and political institutions of the Old Regime '' . Topics of public controversy were also discussed such as the theories of Newton and Descartes , the slave trade , women 's education and justice in France . Antoine
Musical theatre
Some works ( e.g. by George Gershwin , Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim ) have been made into both `` musical theatre '' and `` operatic '' productions . Similarly , some older operettas or light operas ( such as The Pirates of Penzance by Gilbert and Sullivan ) have been produced in modern adaptations that treat them as musicals . For some works , production styles are almost as important as the work 's musical or dramatic content in defining into which art form the piece falls . Sondheim said , `` I really think that when something plays Broadway it 's a musical , and when it plays in an opera house it 's opera . That 's it . It 's the terrain , the countryside , the expectations of the audience that make it one thing or another . '' Although this article primarily concerns musical theatre works that are `` non-operatic '' , there remains an overlap in form between lighter operatic forms and more musically complex or ambitious musicals . In practice , it is often difficult to distinguish among the various kinds of musical theatre , including `` musical play '' , `` musical comedy '' , `` operetta '' and `` light opera '' .
Penny dreadful
The penny dreadfuls were influential since they were , in the words of one commentator , `` the most alluring and low - priced form of escapist reading available to ordinary youth , until the advent in the early 1890s of future newspaper magnate Alfred Harmsworth 's price - cutting ' halfpenny dreadfuller ' '' . In reality , the serial novels were overdramatic and sensational , but generally harmless . If anything , the penny dreadfuls , although obviously not the most enlightening or inspiring of literary selections , resulted in increasingly literate youth in the Industrial period . The wide circulation of this sensationalist literature , however , contributed to an ever - greater fear of crime in mid-Victorian Britain .
Letter from Birmingham Jail
The essay was highly anthologized , and was reprinted 50 times in 325 editions of 58 readers published between 1964 and 1996 that were intended for use in college - level composition courses .
The Great Gatsby
By 1944 , full - length articles on Fitzgerald 's works were being published , and the following year , `` the opinion that Gatsby was merely a period piece had almost entirely disappeared . '' This revival was paved by interest shown by literary critic Edmund Wilson , who was Fitzgerald 's friend . In 1951 , Arthur Mizener published The Far Side of Paradise , a biography of Fitzgerald . He emphasized The Great Gatsby 's positive reception by literary critics , which may have influenced public opinion and renewed interest in it .
Carthage
In the brief , uneven review of government at Carthage found in his Politica Aristotle mentions several faults . Thus , `` that the same person should hold many offices , which is a favorite practice among the Carthaginians . '' Aristotle disapproves , mentioning the flute - player and the shoemaker . Also , that `` magistrates should be chosen not only for their merit but for their wealth . '' Aristotle 's opinion is that focus on pursuit of wealth will lead to oligarchy and its evils .
Spanish Inquisition
One of the first books to challenge the classical view was The Spanish Inquisition ( 1965 ) by Henry Kamen . Kamen argued that the Inquisition was not nearly as cruel or as powerful as commonly believed . The book was very influential and largely responsible for subsequent studies in the 1970s to try to quantify ( from archival records ) the Inquisition 's activities from 1480 to 1834 . Those studies showed there was an initial burst of activity against conversos suspected of relapsing into Judaism , and a mid-16th century pursuit of Protestants , but the Inquisition served principally as a forum Spaniards occasionally used to humiliate and punish people they did not like : blasphemers , bigamists , foreigners and , in Aragon , homosexuals and horse smugglers . Kamen went on to publish two more books in 1985 and 2006 that incorporated new findings , further supporting the view that the Inquisition was not as bad as once described by Lea and others . Along similar lines is Edward Peters 's Inquisition ( 1988 ) .
Prague
Prague has been a political , cultural , and economic centre of central Europe with waxing and waning fortunes during its history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV ( r . 1346 -- 1378 ) . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro - Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War , and in 20th - century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia , during both World Wars and the post-war Communist era .
Musical theatre
Made for TV musical films were popular in the 1990s , such as Gypsy ( 1993 ) , Cinderella ( 1997 ) and Annie ( 1999 ) . Several made for TV musicals in the first decade of the 21st century were adaptations of the stage version , such as South Pacific ( 2001 ) , The Music Man ( 2003 ) and Once Upon A Mattress ( 2005 ) , and a televised version of the stage musical Legally Blonde in 2007 . Additionally , several musicals were filmed on stage and broadcast on Public Television , for example Contact in 2002 and Kiss Me , Kate and Oklahoma ! in 2003 . The made - for - TV musical High School Musical ( 2006 ) , and its several sequels , enjoyed particular success and were adapted for stage musicals and other media . In 2013 , NBC began a series of live television broadcasts of musicals with The Sound of Music Live ! Although the production received mixed reviews , it was a ratings success . Further broadcasts have included Peter Pan Live ! ( NBC 2014 ) , The Wiz Live ! ( NBC 2015 ) , a UK broadcast , The Sound of Music Live ( ITV 2015 ) and Grease : Live ( Fox 2016 ) .
Santa Claus
Following the Restoration of the monarchy and with Puritans out of power in England , the ban on Christmas was satirized in works such as Josiah King 's The Examination and Tryal of Old Father Christmas ; Together with his Clearing by the Jury ( 1686 ) .
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
The video game version , designed by EA UK , was released 8 November 2005 . Mattel released a line of action figures and artefacts based on the film . Among these was the first edition of Harry Potter Scene It ? containing over 1,000 questions involving the four films .
Iliad
There are more than 2000 manuscripts of Homer . Some of the most notable manuscripts include :
Waltzing Matilda
Versions of the song have been featured in a number of mainly Australian films and television programs .
Cluedo
Waddingtons , Parker Brothers and Hasbro have created many spin - off versions of the game . Spin - off games consist of alternative rule variations of the original Classic Detective Game , which are not to be confused with themed `` variants '' which use the same rules and game configuration . In 1985 , the brand expanded to include a feature film , mini-series , a musical , and numerous books .
Minstrel show
A small number of films available today contain authentic recreations of Minstrel show numbers and routines . Due to their content they are rarely ( if ever ) broadcast on television today , but are available on home video .
Wicked Witch of the West
The witch 's most popular depiction was in the classic 1939 film based on Baum 's novel , where she was portrayed by Margaret Hamilton . Hamilton 's characterization introduced green skin and this has been continued in later literary and dramatic representations , including Gregory Maguire 's revisionist Oz novel Wicked : The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West ( 1995 ) and its musical stage adaptation Wicked ( 2003 ) , the 2013 film Oz the Great and Powerful , and the television series Once Upon a Time and Emerald City .
Forrest Gump
In addition to the film 's multiple awards and nominations , it has also been recognized by the American Film Institute on several of its lists . The film ranks 37th on 100 Years ... 100 Cheers , 71st on 100 Years ... 100 Movies , and 76th on 100 Years ... 100 Movies ( 10th Anniversary Edition ) . In addition , the quote `` Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates . You never know what you 're gon na get , '' was ranked 40th on 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes . The film also ranked at number 61 on Empire 's list of the 100 Greatest Movies of All Time .
30 Days of Night (film)
Tim Lebbon ( September 25 , 2007 ) . 30 Days of Night ( Mass Market Paperback ) . Novelization of the film . Pocket Star . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4165 - 4497 - 5 .
Helena Bonham Carter
On 17 May 2012 , it was announced that Bonham Carter would be appearing in the 2013 adaptation of Reif Larsen 's book The Selected Works of T.S. Spivet , entitled The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet . Her casting was announced alongside that of Kathy Bates , Kyle Catlett and Callum Keith Rennie , with Jean - Pierre Jeunet directing . She also appeared in a short film directed by Roman Polanski for the clothing brand Prada . The short was entitled A Therapy and she appeared as a therapy patient to Ben Kingsley 's therapist .
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
With the Goblet of Fire novel almost twice the length of Prisoner of Azkaban , the writers and producers reduced certain scenes and concepts to make the transition from page to screen . Director Mike Newell described the problem as one of `` compressing a huge book into the compass of a movie '' . This was achieved by `` putting aside '' all the components of the novel which did not directly relate to Harry and his journey .
The Great Gatsby (2013 film)
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Titanic (1997 film)
AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Rank Source Notes Thrills 25 A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema , compiled in 2001 . Passions 37 A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema , compiled in 2002 . Songs 14 A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema , compiled in 2004 . Titanic ranked 14th for Céline Dion 's `` My Heart Will Go On '' . Movie quotes 100 A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema , compiled in 2005 . Titanic ranked 100th for Jack Dawson 's yell of `` I 'm the king of the world ! '' Movies 83 A 2007 ( 10th anniversary ) edition of 1997 's list of the 100 best films of the past century . Titanic was not eligible when the original list was released . AFI 's 10 Top 10 6 The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres . Titanic ranked as the sixth best epic film .
Fahrenheit 451
The Off - Broadway theatre The American Place Theatre presented a one man show adaptation of Fahrenheit 451 as a part of their 2008 -- 2009 Literature to Life season .
Carmen Lowell
( hide ) The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants series by Ann Brashares Books The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants The Second Summer of the Sisterhood Girls in Pants : The Third Summer of the Sisterhood Forever in Blue : The Fourth Summer of the Sisterhood Sisterhood Everlasting Characters Lena Kaligaris Bridget Vreeland Tibby Rollins Carmen Lowell Films The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants ( 2005 ) The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 ( 2008 ) Spin -- off 3 Willows : The Sisterhood Grows Retrieved
Oral storytelling
Storytelling may be performed in many forms : in prose , in poetic form , as a song , accompanied with dance or some kind of theatrical performance , etc .
Porridge (TV series)
Novelisations of the three series of Porridge and the film were issued by BBC Books , as well as an adaptation of Going Straight . BBC Enterprises released an LP record featuring two Porridge episodes , `` A Night In '' and `` Heartbreak Hotel '' in 1977. ( REB 270 ) Two volumes of audio cassette releases ( comprising four episodes each ) were issued in the mid-1990s . They were later re-released on CD .
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
Goblet of Fire was the second film in the series to be given a simultaneous release in conventional theatres and IMAX . Dubbed as Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire : The IMAX Experience , the film was digitally remastered for IMAX from its 35mm form to take part in a `` commercial growth strategy '' set up between IMAX and Warner Bros. Pictures .
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
In 1998 William Butcher issued a new , annotated translation from the French original , published by Oxford University Press , ISBN 0 - 19 - 953927 - 8 , with the title Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Seas . He includes detailed notes , an extensive bibliography , appendices and a wide - ranging introduction studying the novel from a literary perspective . In particular , his original research on the two manuscripts studies the radical changes to the plot and to the character of Nemo forced on Verne by the first publisher , Jules Hetzel .
Fahrenheit 451
Fahrenheit 451 developed out of a series of ideas Bradbury had visited in previously written stories . For many years , he tended to single out `` The Pedestrian '' in interviews and lectures as sort of a proto - Fahrenheit 451 . In the Preface of his 2006 anthology Match to Flame : The Fictional Paths to Fahrenheit 451 he states that this is an oversimplification . The full genealogy of Fahrenheit 451 given in Match to Flame is involved . The following covers the most salient aspects .
Wicked (musical)
A film adaptation of Wicked had been in talks since 2004 , though producers were waiting for a dip in the stage musical 's earnings . Since 2012 , Universal Studios were reported to be producing the film with Stephen Daldry as director and Winnie Holzman , who wrote the musical 's book , to pen the screenplay .
Fahrenheit 451
BBC Radio produced a one - off dramatization of the novel in 1982 starring Michael Pennington . It was broadcast again on February 12 , 2012 , and April 7 and 8 , 2013 , on BBC Radio 4 Extra .
The Muppet Movie
AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs -- Nominated AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Songs : `` Rainbow Connection '' -- # 74 AFI 's Greatest Movie Musicals -- Nominated
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
In IMAX theatres only , the film grossed a total of US $20,033,758 worldwide for a cumulative per screen average of $188,998 thus setting a new record and a new milestone for a digitally remastered 2 - D IMAX release .
Waltzing Matilda
It has been widely accepted that `` Waltzing Matilda '' is probably based on the following story :
Fahrenheit 451
Fahrenheit 451 inspired the Birmingham Repertory Theatre production Time Has Fallen Asleep in the Afternoon Sunshine , which was performed at the Birmingham Central Library in April 2012 .
La traviata
Coincidentally , as Philips - Matz points out , an Italian translation of the play La Dame aux camélias was being presented just a short distance from La Fenice . Felice
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
In January 2006 , The Goblet of Fire surpassed the box office takings of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) to become the eighth - highest - grossing film worldwide , and the second - highest - grossing film in the Harry Potter series , behind The Philosopher 's Stone . As of July 2011 , it has been the sixth - highest - grossing Harry Potter film behind The Philosopher 's Stone , The Order of the Phoenix and The Half - Blood Prince , The Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 , and The Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 .
Christmas elf
Christmas elves have had their role expanded in modern films and television . For instance :
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Five unique video games by different developers were released between 2001 and 2003 by Electronic Arts , loosely based on the film and book :
The Lord of the Rings (film series)
Film Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic CinemaScore The Fellowship of the Ring 91 % ( 225 reviews ) 92 ( 34 reviews ) A − The Two Towers 96 % ( 249 reviews ) 88 ( 38 reviews ) The Return of the King 95 % ( 264 reviews ) 94 ( 41 reviews ) A+
The Passion of the Christ
2006 : AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Cheers -- Nominated 2008 : AFI 's 10 Top 10 : -- Nominated Epic Film
Romance languages
Reinforced forms are likewise common in locative adverbs ( words such as English here and there ) , based on related Latin forms such as hic `` this '' vs. hīc `` here '' , hāc `` this way '' , and ille `` that '' vs. illīc `` there '' , illāc `` that way '' . Here again French prefers bare ecce while Spanish and Italian prefer eccum ( French ici `` here '' vs. Spanish aquí , Italian qui ) . In western languages such as Spanish , Portuguese and Catalan , doublets and triplets arose such as Portuguese aqui , acá , cá `` ( to ) here '' ( accu - hīc , accu - hāc , eccu - hāc ) . From these , a prefix a - was extracted , from which forms like aí `` there ( near you ) '' ( a - ( i ) bi ) and ali `` there ( over yonder ) '' ( a - ( i ) llīc ) were created ; compare Catalan neuter pronouns açò ( acce - hoc ) `` this '' , això ( a - ( i ) psum - hoc ) `` that ( near you ) '' , allò ( a - ( i ) llum - hoc ) `` that ( yonder ) '' .
Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard
The song appears in a montage in the 2001 film The Royal Tenenbaums directed by filmmaker Wes Anderson . It also appears in the film A Home at the End of the World , over the opening credits of Maid in Manhattan , The Simpsons episode `` Holidays of Future Passed '' , within the film The Muppets , and during the opening credits in Real Women Have Curves .
Romance languages
Spanish also has vestiges of the neuter in the demonstrative adjectives : esto , eso , aquello , the pronoun ello ( meaning `` it '' ) and the article lo ( used to intensify adjectives ) . Portuguese also has neuter demonstrative adjectives : `` isto '' , `` isso '' , `` aquilo '' ( meaning `` this ( near me ) '' , `` this / that ( near you ) '' , `` that ( far from the both of us ) '' ) .
Incredibles 2
A Lego video game adaptation of both films was released on the same day as Incredibles 2 .