vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Wellington
Tourism is a major contributor to the city 's economy , injecting approximately NZ $1.3 billion into the region annually and accounting for 9 % of total FTE employment . The city is consistently named as New Zealanders ' favourite destination in the quarterly FlyBuys Colmar Brunton Mood of the Traveller survey and it was ranked fourth in Lonely Planet Best in Travel 2011 's Top 10 Cities to Visit in 2011 . New Zealanders make up the largest visitor market , with 3.6 million visits each year ; New Zealand visitors spend on average NZ $2.4 million a day . There are approximately 540,000 international visitors each year , who spend 3.7 million nights and NZ $436 million . The largest international visitor market is Australia , with over 210,000 visitors spending approximately NZ $334 million annually .
Michigan
Michigan 's tourists spend $17.2 billion per year in the state , supporting 193,000 tourism jobs . Michigan 's tourism website ranks among the busiest in the nation . Destinations draw vacationers , hunters , and nature enthusiasts from across the United States and Canada . Michigan is fifty percent forest land , much of it quite remote . The forests , lakes and thousands of miles of beaches are top attractions . Event tourism draws large numbers to occasions like the Tulip Time Festival and the National Cherry Festival . In 2006 , the Michigan State Board of Education mandated that all public schools in the state hold their first day of school after the Labor Day holiday , in accordance with the new Post Labor Day School law . A survey found that 70 % of all tourism business comes directly from Michigan residents , and the Michigan Hotel , Motel , & Resort Association claimed that the shorter summer in between school years cut into the annual tourism season in the state .
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Alburquerque , Spain Aşgabat , Turkmenistan Chihuahua , Chihuahua , Mexico Gijón , Spain Guadalajara , Mexico Helmstedt , Germany Hualien City , Taiwan Lanzhou , Gansu , People 's Republic of China Rehovot , Israel Sasebo , Nagasaki , Japan
Christmas traditions
In the mainland , the small percentage of Chinese citizens who consider themselves Christians unofficially , and usually privately , observe Christmas . Many other individuals celebrate Christmas - like festivities even though they do not consider themselves Christians . Many customs , including sending cards , exchanging gifts , and hanging stockings are very similar to Western celebrations . Commercial Christmas decorations , signs , and other symbolic items have become increasingly prevalent during the month of December in large urban centres of mainland China , reflecting a cultural interest in this Western phenomenon , and , sometimes , retail marketing campaigns as well . Hong
Golden Gate Bridge
A pedestrian poses at the old railing on opening day , 1937 . Play media Opening of the Golden Gate Bridge Official invitation to the opening of the bridge . This copy was sent to the City of Seattle .
Second Sino-Japanese War
History of the Republic of China ( ROC ) 1912 -- 1949 Mainland rule Xinhai Revolution Provisional Gov 't Beiyang Government Northern Expedition Shanghai massacre Chinese Civil War Nationalist Government Second Sino - Japanese War Nanking Massacre Constitutional government 1945 -- present Taiwan Retrocession of Taiwan February 28 Incident White Terror Korean War First Taiwan Strait Crisis Vietnam War Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Project National Glory Three Noes Lieyu massacre Third Taiwan Strait Crisis Anti-Secession Law 100th anniversary Sunflower Student Movement 2015 Ma -- Xi meeting 2017 Summer Universiade History of China the PRC ( 1949 -- present ) Taiwan ( geographical ) Taipei Kaohsiung Beiping Culture Economy Education Geography Politics Taiwan portal Generalissimo
Migration in China
In general , the current system of circular migration of floating populations in China offers greater labor resources to coastal areas of high economic activity , but `` although labor productivity in migrant activities is higher than it is in local nonfarm sectors , the current economic cost of migration in China is so high as to significantly limit such reallocation . The current system therefore works to reduce the overall productivity of labor and causes a tremendous loss of social resources . '' In other words , research done by Yaohui Zhao at Beijing University indicates that while economic theory demonstrates labor migration to increase efficiency due to the reallocation of labor , the economic cost of migration actually mitigates gains in efficiency enough that internal migration under the Hukou system results in financial and social losses instead of gains .
Russian culture
Most popular tourist destinations in Russia are Moscow and Saint Petersburg , the current and the former capitals of the country and great cultural centers , recognized as World Cities . Moscow and Saint Petersburg feature such world - renowned museums as Tretyakov Gallery and Hermitage , famous theaters like Bolshoi and Mariinsky , ornate churches like Saint Basil 's Cathedral , Cathedral of Christ the Saviour , Saint Isaac 's Cathedral and Church of the Savior on Blood , impressive fortifications like Moscow Kremlin and Peter and Paul Fortress , beautiful squares like Red Square and Palace Square , and streets like Tverskaya and Nevsky Prospect . Rich palaces and parks of extreme beauty are found in the former imperial residences in suburbs of Moscow ( Kolomenskoye , Tsaritsyno ) and Saint Petersburg ( Peterhof , Strelna , Oranienbaum , Gatchina , Pavlovsk Palace , Tsarskoye Selo ) . Moscow contains a great variety of impressive Soviet - era buildings along with modern scyscrapers , while Saint Petersburg , nicknamed Venice of the North , boasts of its classical architecture , many rivers , channels and bridges .
Victoria Falls
The numbers of visitors to the Zimbabwean side of the falls has historically been much higher than the number visiting the Zambia side , due to the greater development of the visitor facilities there . However , the number of tourists visiting Zimbabwe began to decline in the early 2000s as political tensions between supporters and opponents of president Robert Mugabe increased . In 2006 , hotel occupancy on the Zimbabwean side hovered at around 30 % , while the Zambian side was at near - capacity , with rates in top hotels reaching US $ 630 per night . The rapid development has prompted the United Nations to consider revoking the Falls ' status as a World Heritage Site . In addition , problems of waste disposal and a lack of effective management of the falls ' environment are a concern .
The Stanley Hotel
Despite a peaceful early history , in the years following the publication of The Shining , The Stanley Hotel has gained a reputation among paranormal investigators for frequent activity . The hotel offers guided `` Ghost Tours '' to guests and visitors which feature spaces reputed to be exceptionally active . The hotel has also served as a location for numerous paranormal investigation shows such as Ghost Hunters and Ghost Adventures .
History of rail transport in the United States
Travel became much easier , cheaper and more common . Shoppers from small towns could make day trips to big city stores . Hotels , resorts and tourist attractions were built to accommodate the demand . The realization that anyone could buy a ticket for a thousand - mile trip was empowering . Historians Gary Cross and Rick Szostak argue :
Gilded Age
America developed a love - hate relationship with railroads . Boosters in every city worked feverishly to make sure the railroad came through , knowing their urban dreams depended upon it . The mechanical size , scope , and efficiency of the railroads made a profound impression ; people dressed in their Sunday best to go down to the terminal to watch the train come in . Travel became much easier , cheaper , and more common . Shoppers from small towns could make day trips to big city stores . Hotels , resorts , and tourist attractions were built to accommodate the demand . The realization that anyone could buy a ticket for a thousand - mile trip was empowering . Historians Gary Cross and Rick Szostak argue :
Embassy of the United States, Tehran
After the fall of the embassy , the Revolutionary Guard used it as a training center , and continue to maintain the complex . The brick walls that form the perimeter ( the embassy grounds are the size of a city block ) feature a number of anti-American murals commissioned by the government of Iran . The site has also housed a bookstore and a museum ) . Part of the embassy has been turned into an anti-American museum , and several student organizations maintain offices in the former embassy complex . As of January 2017 , the site is open to the Iranian public and foreigners . The Great Seal of the United States is badly damaged , but still visible at the entryway .
New Mexico
Visitors also frequent the surviving native pueblos of New Mexico . Tourists visiting these sites bring significant money to the state . Other areas of geographical and scenic interest include Kasha - Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument and the Gila Wilderness in the southwest of the state .
Favela
In Brazil , this new growing market of tourism has evolved in a few particular favelas mostly in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo , with the largest and most visited favela being Rocinha . This new touristic phenomena has developed into a major segment of touristic exploration . There are conflicting views on whether or not favela tourism is an ethical practice . These tours draw awareness to the needs of the underprivileged population living in these favelas , while giving tourists access to a side of Rio that often lurks in the shadows . The tours are viewed as a spectacular alternative to mainstream Rio de Janeiro attractions , such as Sugarloaf Mountain and Christ the Redeemer . They offer a brief portrayal of Rio 's hillside communities that are far more than the habitats often misrepresented by drug lords and criminals . For instance there are tours of the large favela of Rocinha . Directed by trained guides , tourists are driven up the favela in vans , and then explore the community 's hillside by foot . Guides walk their groups down main streets and point out local hot spots . Most tours stop by a community center or school , which are often funded in part by the tour 's profits . Tourists are given the opportunity to interact with local members of the community , leaders , and area officials , adding to their impressions of favela life . Depending on the tour , some companies will allow pictures to be taken in predetermined areas , while others prohibit picture - taking completely . The tour guides emphasised the following :
Savannah, Georgia
Savannah 's architecture , history , and reputation for Southern charm and hospitality are internationally known . The city 's former promotional name was `` Hostess City of the South , '' a phrase still used by the city government . An earlier nickname was `` the Forest City '' , in reference to the large population and species of oak trees that flourish in the Savannah area . These trees were especially valuable in shipbuilding during the 19th century . In 2014 , Savannah attracted 13.5 million visitors from across the country and around the world . Savannah 's downtown area is one of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the United States .
Ho Chi Minh City
As the international tourist statistic , This city welcomed 6 million tourists in 15 / 12 / 2017 .
Christmas traditions
In China , December 25 is not a legal holiday . However , it is still designated as a public holiday in China 's special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau , both former colonies of Western powers with nominal Christian cultural heritage .
Salt Lake City
Historically known as the `` Crossroads of the West '' for its railroads , when nearby steel , mining and railroad operations provided a strong source of income with Silver King Coalition Mines , Geneva Steel , Bingham Canyon Mine , and oil refineries , Salt Lake City 's modern economy is service - oriented . Today the city 's major sectors are government , trade , transportation , utilities , and professional and business services . The daytime population of Salt Lake City proper swells to over 315,000 people , not including tourists or students .
History of advertising
Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters . Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and Arabia . Lost and found advertising on papyrus was common in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome . Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient advertising form , which is present to this day in many parts of Asia , Africa , and South America . The tradition of wall painting can be traced back to Indian rock art paintings that date back to 4000 BC .
Key West, Florida
In present times , several cruise ships dock on a regular basis at Key West , including the Royal Caribbean ship Majesty of the Seas and the Carnival Fascination , both of which visit weekly . In the last several years , however , larger cruise ships have increasingly bypassed Key West due to the narrowness of the island 's main ship channel . On October 1 , 2013 , 74 % of resident voters opposed a referendum that would have allowed the City Commission to request a feasibility study from the Army Corps of Engineers for a $36 million project to dredge a wider channel . Economic benefits from visiting cruise ship passengers are substantial but not attractive to all Key West citizens as the daily presence of thousands of tourists from cruise ships affects the character of the city , resulting in operation of facilities that cater to mass tourism rather than to a potentially more profitable and pleasant upscale clientele . There are also environmental issues as Key West is surrounded by coral habitat . Concerns over environmental protection were considered a prominent factor in the failure of the 2013 referendum .
Grand Canyon
In 2007 , the Hualapai Tribe opened the glass - bottomed Grand Canyon Skywalk on their property , Grand Canyon West . The Skywalk is about 250 miles ( 400 km ) by road from Grand Canyon Village at the South Rim . The skywalk has attracted `` thousands of visitors a year , most from Las Vegas '' .
Google Street View
Google also added landmarks in Egypt , including the Pyramids of Giza , Cairo Citadel , Saqqara , Monastery of Saint Mina , and the Citadel of Qaitbay in the 9 September 2014 release .
Great Barrier Reef
Shipping accidents are a pressing concern , as several commercial shipping routes pass through the Great Barrier Reef . Although the route through the Great Barrier Reef is not easy , reef pilots consider it safer than outside the reef in the event of mechanical failure , since a ship can sit safely while being repaired . There have been over 1,600 known shipwrecks in the Great Barrier Reef region . On 3 April 2010 , the bulk coal carrier Shen Neng 1 ran aground on Douglas Shoals , spilling up to four tonnes of oil into the water and causing extensive damage to the reef .
Great Barrier Reef
A large part of the reef is protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park , which helps to limit the impact of human use , such as fishing and tourism . Other environmental pressures on the reef and its ecosystem include runoff , climate change accompanied by mass coral bleaching , and cyclic population outbreaks of the crown - of - thorns starfish . According to a study published in October 2012 by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , the reef has lost more than half its coral cover since 1985 .
Alice Springs
Alice Springs has a large itinerant population . This population is generally composed of foreign and Australian tourists , Aboriginal Australians visiting from nearby Central Australian communities , and Australian or international workers on short - term contracts ( colloquially referred to as `` blow - ins '' ) . The major sources of work that recruit workers into town are the stations and mines . Foreign tourists usually pass through on their way to Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park , whilst Australian tourists usually come through as a part of an event such as the Masters Games and the Finke Desert Race . These events can cause the population of the town to fluctuate by several thousand within a matter of days .
Southwestern United States
In 1901 , the Santa Fe Railroad reached the south rim of the Grand Canyon , opening the way for a tourism boom , a trend led by restaurant and hotel entrepreneur Fred Harvey .
Hotel rating
In recent years , alternative hotel ratings are starting to appear in an effort to promote sustainability or cultural diversity in international tourism .
Big Apple
In the early 1970s , however , the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau ( now NYC & Company , New York City 's official marketing and tourism organization ) began to promote the city 's `` Big Apple '' nickname under the leadership of its president , Charles Gillett . It has remained popular since then .
Old City (Jerusalem)
The section of the Jewish quarter destroyed prior to 1967 has since been rebuilt and settled and has a population of 2,348 ( as of 2005 ) . Many large educational institutions have taken up residence . Before being rebuilt , the quarter was carefully excavated under the supervision of Hebrew University archaeologist Nahman Avigad . The archaeological remains are on display in a series of museums and outdoor parks , which tourists can visit by descending two or three stories beneath the level of the current city . The former Chief Rabbi is Rabbi Avigdor Nebenzahl , and the current Chief Rabbi is his son Rabbi Chizkiyahu Nebenzahl , who is on the faculty of Yeshivat Netiv Aryeh , which is situated directly across from the Kotel .
Windsor Castle
During the Queen 's tenure much has been done , not only to restore and maintain the fabric of the building , but also to transform it into a major British tourist attraction , containing a significant portion of the Royal Collection of art , which is managed from Windsor . Archaeological work has continued at the castle , following on from limited investigations in the 1970s , the work on the Round Tower from 1988 -- 92 and the investigations following the 1992 fire . During 2007 , 993,000 tourists visited the castle . This has had to be achieved in co-ordination with security issues and the castle 's role as a working royal palace . In late 2011 two large water turbines were installed upstream of the castle on the River Thames to provide hydroelectric power to the castle and the surrounding estate . In April 2016 it was announced that the Royal Collection Trust is to fund a £ 27m project that will reinstate the original entrance hall of the castle to visitors , as well as a new cafe that will be housed in the 14th Century undercroft . The project is scheduled for completion at the end of 2018 , and will include a visitor centre and a dedicated learning centre . Windsor
Favela
The Brazilian federal government views favela tourism with high regard . The administration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva initiated a program to further implement tourism into the structure of favela economies . The Rio Top Tour Project , inaugurated in August 2010 , promotes tourism throughout the favelas of Rio de Janeiro . Beginning in Santa Marta , a favela of approximately 5,000 Cariocas , federal aid was administered in order to invigorate the tourism industry . The federal government has dedicated 230 thousand Reais ( USD 145 thousand ) to the project efforts in Santa Marta . English signs indicating the location of attractions are posted throughout the community , samba schools are open , and viewing stations have been constructed so tourists can take advantage of Rio de Janeiro 's vista . Federal and state officials are carrying out marketing strategies and constructing information booths for visitors . Residents have also been trained to serve as tour guides , following the lead of pre-existing favela tour programs . Recently , favelas have been featured in multiple forms of media including movies and video games . The media representation of favelas has increased peoples ' interest in favelas as tourist locations . Panoramic
Old City (Jerusalem)
There was previously a small Moroccan quarter in the Old City . Within a week of the Six - Day War 's end , the Moroccan quarter was largely destroyed in order to give visitors better access to the Western Wall by creating the Western Wall plaza . The parts of the Moroccan Quarter that were not destroyed are now part of the Jewish Quarter . Simultaneously with the demolition , a new regulation was set into place by which the only access point for non-Muslims to the Temple Mount is through the Gate of the Moors , which is reached via the so - called Mughrabi Bridge .
Massiah v. United States
The Sixth Amendment guarantees a defendant a right to counsel in all criminal prosecutions . The purposes of the Sixth Amendment right to counsel are to protect a defendant 's right to a fair trial and to assure that our adversarial system of justice functions properly by providing competent counsel as an advocate for the defendant in his contest against the `` prosecutorial forces '' of the state .
Right of self-defense in Maryland
In civil cases , by contrast , self - defense remains a defense , meaning that the burden of proving its applicability is on the defendant . See Baltimore Transit Co. v. Faulkner , supra , 179 Md. at 600 - 01 , 20 A. 2d at 487 .
Right of self-defense in Maryland
( d ) The court may award costs and reasonable attorney 's fees to a defendant who prevails in a defense under this section .
English contract law
While the law on disclosure and misrepresentation aims to make contracting parties informed ( or not disinformed ) , the law also says agreements may be avoided when , in a very general sense , a person 's free will was impaired . Complete exercise of `` free will '' is rare for most people , because they make choices within a constrained range of alternatives . The law still holds people to nearly all contracts ( if consumer , employment , tenancy , etc. legislation is not activated ) except where someone was under duress , unduly influenced or exploited while in a vulnerable position . Like misrepresentation , the victim may avoid the contract , and the parties restore their property to reverse unjust enrichment , subject to the victim 's claim for damages , so long as none of the four equitable bars to rescission lie ( i.e. no excessive lapse of time , affirmation of the contract , intervention of an innocent third party 's rights and counter-restitution is possible ) . The most straight forward claim , for duress , involves illegitimate threats . The common law long allowed a claim if duress was of a physical nature . So long as a threat is just one of the reasons a person enters an agreement , even if not the main reason , the agreement may be avoided . Only late in the 20th century was escape allowed if the threat involved illegitimate economic harm . A threat is always `` illegitimate '' if it is to do an unlawful act , such as breaking a contract knowing non-payment may push someone out of business . However , threatening to do a lawful act will usually not be illegitimate . In Pao on v Lau Yiu Long the Pao family threatened to not complete a share swap deal , aimed at selling their company 's building , unless the Lau family agreed to change a part of the proposed agreement to guarantee the Paos would receive rises in the swapped shares ' prices on repurchase . The Laus signed the guarantee agreement after this threat , and then claimed it was not binding . But the Privy Council advised their signature was only a result of `` commercial pressure '' , not economic duress . The Laus ' considered the situation before signing , and did not behave like someone under duress , so there was no coercion amounting to a vitiation of consent .