vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Ancient Egyptian deities
The complex characteristics of the deities were expressed in myths and in intricate relationships between them : family ties , loose groups and hierarchies , and combinations of separate deities into one . Deities ' diverse appearances in art -- as animals , humans , objects , and combinations of different forms -- also alluded , through symbolism , to their essential features .
Triangle
Three formulas have the same structure as Heron 's formula but are expressed in terms of different variables . First , denoting the medians from sides a , b , and c respectively as m , m , and m and their semi-sum ( m + m + m ) / 2 as σ , we have
Renaissance
In the Middle Ages both sides of human consciousness -- that which was turned within as that which was turned without -- lay dreaming or half awake beneath a common veil . The veil was woven of faith , illusion , and childish prepossession , through which the world and history were seen clad in strange hues . --
Air Jordan
Air Jordan 1 -- Toebox shape and perforations Air Jordan 2 -- Snakeskin accents , rear TPU , lower Eyelets , Jordan `` Wings '' logo on tongue Air Jordan 5 -- Midsole / Outsole , shape of tongue , Lacelock , mold of upper near ankle , higher eyelets , `` Air Jordan '' tag inside of tongue Air Jordan 7 -- Perforations on side panel , `` gap '' between ankle area and body of shoe , graphics on tongue , heel tab , 23 on rear TPU
Mohr's circle
Two options exist for drawing the Mohr - circle space , which produce a mathematically correct Mohr circle :
Vowel
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Japanese swordsmithing
It provided alternating layers of differing hardenability . During quenching , the high carbon layers achieve greater hardness than the medium carbon layers . The hardness of the high carbon steels combine with the ductility of the low carbon steels to form the property of toughness . It eliminated any voids in the metal . It homogenized the metal , spreading the elements ( such as carbon ) evenly throughout - increasing the effective strength by decreasing the number of potential weak points . It burned off many impurities , helping to overcome the poor quality of the raw Japanese steel . It created up to 65000 layers , by continuously decarburizing the surface and bringing it into the blade 's interior , which gives the swords their grain ( for comparison see pattern welding ) .
The Yellow Wallpaper
The narrator devotes many journal entries to describing the wallpaper in the room -- its `` yellow '' smell , its `` breakneck '' pattern , the missing patches , and the way it leaves yellow smears on the skin and clothing of anyone who touches it . She describes how the longer one stays in the bedroom , the more the wallpaper appears to mutate , especially in the moonlight . With no stimulus other than the wallpaper , the pattern and designs become increasingly intriguing to the narrator . She soon begins to see a figure in the design , and eventually comes to believe that a woman is creeping on all fours behind the pattern . Believing she must try to free the woman in the wallpaper , the woman begins to strip the remaining paper off the wall .
Pi
π appears in formulae for areas and volumes of geometrical shapes based on circles , such as ellipses , spheres , cones , and tori . Below are some of the more common formulae that involve π .
Haiku
fu - ji no ka - ze ya ( 6 ) o-u - gi ni no - se - te ( 7 ) e-do mi - ya - ge ( 5 )
Rainbow
A rainbow does not exist at one particular location . Many rainbows exist ; however , only one can be seen depending on the particular observer 's viewpoint as droplets of light illuminated by the sun . All raindrops refract and reflect the sunlight in the same way , but only the light from some raindrops reaches the observer 's eye . This light is what constitutes the rainbow for that observer . The whole system composed by the sun 's rays , the observer 's head , and the ( spherical ) water drops has an axial symmetry around the axis through the observer 's head and parallel to the sun 's rays . The rainbow is curved because the set of all the raindrops that have the right angle between the observer , the drop , and the sun , lie on a cone pointing at the sun with the observer at the tip . The base of the cone forms a circle at an angle of 40 -- 42 ° to the line between the observer 's head and their shadow but 50 % or more of the circle is below the horizon , unless the observer is sufficiently far above the earth 's surface to see it all , for example in an aeroplane ( see above ) . Alternatively , an observer with the right vantage point may see the full circle in a fountain or waterfall spray .
Polygonum perfoliatum
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Moss
The Sphagnopsida , the peat - mosses , comprise the two living genera Ambuchanania and Sphagnum , as well as fossil taxa . However , the genus Sphagnum is a diverse , widespread , and economically important one . These large mosses form extensive acidic bogs in peat swamps . The leaves of Sphagnum have large dead cells alternating with living photosynthetic cells . The dead cells help to store water . Aside from this character , the unique branching , thallose ( flat and expanded ) protonema , and explosively rupturing sporangium place it apart from other mosses .
Sundial
A common type of multiple dial has sundials on every face of a Platonic solid ( regular polyhedron ) , usually a cube .
Annealing (metallurgy)
The high temperature of annealing may result in oxidation of the metal 's surface , resulting in scale . If scale must be avoided , annealing is carried out in a special atmosphere , such as with endothermic gas ( a mixture of carbon monoxide , hydrogen gas , and nitrogen gas ) . Annealing is also done in forming gas , a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen .
Mars
Streaks are common across Mars and new ones appear frequently on steep slopes of craters , troughs , and valleys . The streaks are dark at first and get lighter with age . The streaks can start in a tiny area , then spread out for hundreds of metres . They have been seen to follow the edges of boulders and other obstacles in their path . The commonly accepted theories include that they are dark underlying layers of soil revealed after avalanches of bright dust or dust devils . Several other explanations have been put forward , including those that involve water or even the growth of organisms .
Morpheme
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Moss
Andreaeopsida and Andreaeobryopsida are distinguished by the biseriate ( two rows of cells ) rhizoids , multiseriate ( many rows of cells ) protonema , and sporangium that splits along longitudinal lines . Most mosses have capsules that open at the top .
The Rite of Spring
Clearly the top line is decreasing , the bottom line increasing , and by respectively decreasing and increasing amounts ... Whether Stravinsky worked them out like this we shall probably never know . But the way two different rhythmic ' orders ' interfere with each other to produced apparent chaos is ... a typically Stravinskyan notion . ''
Chromatin
In nature , DNA can form three structures , A - , B - , and Z - DNA . A - and B - DNA are very similar , forming right - handed helices , whereas Z - DNA is a left - handed helix with a zig - zag phosphate backbone . Z - DNA is thought to play a specific role in chromatin structure and transcription because of the properties of the junction between B - and Z - DNA .
Air Jordan
Air Jordan 6 : Heel tab `` spoiler '' , Jumpman on heel from retro 6 models , and lace locks Air Jordan 7 : Nike Huarache style inner sock and perforated air holes in the mudguard of the upper Air Jordan 8 : Chenille carpet - style sections on the tongue surrounding the Jumpman logo , dual velcro straps , the shape of the `` 23 '' printed on the lace locks and the colors on the midfoot arch plate on the sole Air Jordan 11 : Silhouette of upper , lace eyestays on certain models and patent leather mudguard Air Jordan 12 : TWO 3 embroidered on the tongue and metal lace loops at top of the ankle Air Jordan 13 : Midsole `` pods '' and panther paw - shaped outsole Air Jordan 14 : Small Jumpman logo embroidered at the top
Rainbow
Fogbows form in the same way as rainbows , but they are formed by much smaller cloud and fog droplets that diffract light extensively . They are almost white with faint reds on the outside and blues inside ; often one or more broad supernumerary bands can be discerned inside the inner edge . The colours are dim because the bow in each colour is very broad and the colours overlap . Fogbows are commonly seen over water when air in contact with the cooler water is chilled , but they can be found anywhere if the fog is thin enough for the sun to shine through and the sun is fairly bright . They are very large -- almost as big as a rainbow and much broader . They sometimes appear with a glory at the bow 's centre .
Petal
The petals could produce different scents to allure desirable pollinators or repel undesirable pollinators . Some flowers will also mimic the scents produced by materials such as decaying meat , to attract pollinators to them .
Mohr's circle
Angles θ p 1 ( \ displaystyle \ theta _ ( p1 ) ) and θ p 2 ( \ displaystyle \ theta _ ( p2 ) ) can also be found from the following equation
Parthenon
Some studies of the Acropolis , including the Parthenon , conclude that many of its proportions approximate the golden ratio . The Parthenon 's façade as well as elements of its façade and elsewhere can be circumscribed by golden rectangles . This view that the golden ratio was employed in the design has been disputed in more recent studies .
Carbon
The atoms of carbon can bond together in different ways , termed allotropes of carbon . The best known are graphite , diamond , and amorphous carbon . The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form . For example , graphite is opaque and black while diamond is highly transparent . Graphite is soft enough to form a streak on paper ( hence its name , from the Greek verb `` γράφειν '' which means `` to write '' ) , while diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material known . Graphite is a good electrical conductor while diamond has a low electrical conductivity . Under normal conditions , diamond , carbon nanotubes , and graphene have the highest thermal conductivities of all known materials . All carbon allotropes are solids under normal conditions , with graphite being the most thermodynamically stable form at standard temperature and pressure . They are chemically resistant and require high temperature to react even with oxygen .
Adaptive radiation
The evolution of a novel feature may permit a clade to diversify by making new areas of morphospace accessible . A classic example is the evolution of a fourth cusp in the mammalian tooth . This trait permits a vast increase in the range of foodstuffs which can be fed on . Evolution of this character has thus increased the number of ecological niches available to mammals . The trait arose a number of times in different groups during the Cenozoic , and in each instance was immediately followed by an adaptive radiation . Birds find other ways to provide for each other , i.e. the evolution of flight opened new avenues for evolution to explore , initiating an adaptive radiation . Other examples include placental gestation ( for eutherian mammals ) , or bipedal locomotion ( in hominins ) .
Islamic Golden Age
where a , b , and c are the lengths of the sides of a triangle , and A , B , and C are the opposite angles ( see figure ) .
Ganesha
Some devotees see similarities between the shape of Ganesha 's body in iconography and the shape of Aum in the Devanāgarī and Tamil scripts .
Root mean square
For other waveforms the relationships are not the same as they are for sine waves .
Murti
The texts recommend materials of construction , proportions , postures and mudra , symbolic items the murti holds in its hands , colors , garments and ornaments to go with the murti of each god or goddess , vehicles of deities such as Garuda , bull and lion , and other details . The texts also include chapters on the design of Jaina and Buddhist murti , as well as reliefs of sages , apsaras , different types of devotees ( based on bhakti yoga , jnana yoga , karma yoga , ascetics ) to decorate the area near the murti . The texts recommend that the material of construction and relative scale of murti be correlated to the scale of the temple dimensions , using twelve types of comparative measurements .
Mohr's circle
From the Pole , we draw lines to different points on the Mohr circle . The coordinates of the points where these lines intersect the Mohr circle indicate the stress components acting on a plane in the physical space having the same inclination as the line . For instance , the line from the Pole to point C in the circle has the same inclination as the plane in the physical space where σ 1 ( \ displaystyle \ sigma _ ( 1 ) ) acts . This plane makes an angle of 63.435 ° with plane B , both in the Mohr - circle space and in the physical space . In the same way , lines are traced from the Pole to points E , D , F , G and H to find the stress components on planes with the same orientation .
Edelweiss (song)
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Las Meninas
Velázquez uses this light not only to add volume and definition to each form but also to define the focal points of the painting . As the light streams in from the right it brightly glints on the braid and golden hair of the female dwarf , who is nearest the light source . But because her face is turned from the light , and in shadow , its tonality does not make it a point of particular interest . Similarly , the light glances obliquely on the cheek of the lady - in - waiting near her , but not on her facial features . Much of her lightly coloured dress is dimmed by shadow . The Infanta , however , stands in full illumination , and with her face turned towards the light source , even though her gaze is not . Her face is framed by the pale gossamer of her hair , setting her apart from everything else in the picture . The light models the volumetric geometry of her form , defining the conic nature of a small torso bound rigidly into a corset and stiffened bodice , and the panniered skirt extending around her like an oval candy - box , casting its own deep shadow which , by its sharp contrast with the bright brocade , both emphasises and locates the small figure as the main point of attention . Detail
Las Meninas
The mirror is a perfectly defined unbroken pale rectangle within a broad black rectangle . A clear geometric shape , like a lit face , draws the attention of the viewer more than a broken geometric shape such as the door , or a shadowed or oblique face such as that of the dwarf in the foreground or that of the man in the background . The viewer can not distinguish the features of the king and queen , but in the opalescent sheen of the mirror 's surface , the glowing ovals are plainly turned directly to the viewer . Jonathan Miller points out that apart from `` adding suggestive gleams at the bevelled edges , the most important way the mirror betrays its identity is by disclosing imagery whose brightness is so inconsistent with the dimness of the surrounding wall that it can only have been borrowed , by reflection , from the strongly illuminated figures of the King and Queen '' .
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
Most organisms that utilize photosynthesis to produce oxygen use visible light to do so , although at least three use shortwave infrared or , more specifically , far - red radiation .
Particle in a box
This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( August 2013 )
Mohr's circle
Assume a material element under a state of stress as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 , with the plane of one of its sides oriented 10 ° with respect to the horizontal plane . Using the Mohr circle , find :
The dragon (Beowulf)
A study of German and Norse texts reveals three typical narratives for the dragonslayer : a fight for the treasure , a battle to save the slayer 's people , or a fight to free a woman . The characteristics of Beowulf 's dragon appear to be specific to the poem , and the poet may have melded together dragon motifs to create a dragon with specific traits that weave together the complicated plot of the narrative .
Sleeping Beauty
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Carbon
The other common oxide is carbon monoxide ( CO ) . It is formed by incomplete combustion , and is a colorless , odorless gas . The molecules each contain a triple bond and are fairly polar , resulting in a tendency to bind permanently to hemoglobin molecules , displacing oxygen , which has a lower binding affinity . Cyanide ( CN ) , has a similar structure , but behaves much like a halide ion ( pseudohalogen ) . For example , it can form the nitride cyanogen molecule ( ( CN ) ) , similar to diatomic halides . Other uncommon oxides are carbon suboxide ( C 3O 2 ) , the unstable dicarbon monoxide ( C O ) , carbon trioxide ( CO ) , cyclopentanepentone ( C O ) , cyclohexanehexone ( C O ) , and mellitic anhydride ( C O ) .
The Shining (film)
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Precedent
These features changed over time , opening the door to the doctrine of stare decisis :
French horn
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Rainbow
According to Hüseyin Gazi Topdemir , the Persian physicist and polymath Ibn al - Haytham ( Alhazen ; 965 -- 1039 ) , attempted to provide a scientific explanation for the rainbow phenomenon . In his Maqala fi al - Hala wa Qaws Quzah ( On the Rainbow and Halo ) , al - Haytham `` explained the formation of rainbow as an image , which forms at a concave mirror . If the rays of light coming from a farther light source reflect to any point on axis of the concave mirror , they form concentric circles in that point . When it is supposed that the sun as a farther light source , the eye of viewer as a point on the axis of mirror and a cloud as a reflecting surface , then it can be observed the concentric circles are forming on the axis . '' He was not able to verify this because his theory that `` light from the sun is reflected by a cloud before reaching the eye '' did not allow for a possible experimental verification . This explanation was later repeated by Averroes , and , though incorrect , provided the groundwork for the correct explanations later given by Kamāl al - Dīn al - Fārisī ( 1267 -- 1319 ) and Theodoric of Freiberg ( c. 1250 -- 1310 ) .
Cockney
/ ʌ / → ( ɐ̟ ) or a quality like that of cardinal 4 , ( a ) : ( dʒamʔˈtsaph ) `` jumped up '' / ɔː / → ( oː ) or a closing diphthong of the type ( oʊ ~ ɔo ) when in non-final position , with the latter variants being more common in broad cockney : ( soʊs ) `` sauce '' - `` source '' , ( loʊd ) `` lord '' , ( ˈwoʊʔə ) `` water '' / ɔː / → ( ɔː ) or a centring diphthong / triphthong of the type ( ɔə ~ ɔuə ) when in final position , with the latter variants being more common in broad cockney ; thus ( sɔə ) `` saw '' - `` sore '' - `` soar '' , ( lɔə ) `` law '' - `` lore '' , ( wɔə ) `` war '' - `` wore '' . The diphthong is retained before inflectional endings , so that board and pause can contrast with bored ( bɔəd ) and paws ( phɔəz ) . / ɔə / has a somewhat tenser onset than the cardinal / ɔ / , that is ( ɔ̝ə ) . / əʊ / becomes something around ( ɒʊ ~ ɔo ) or even ( aɤ ) in broad cockney before dark l . These variants are retained when the addition of a suffix turns the dark l clear . Thus a phonemic split has occurred in London English , exemplified by the minimal pair wholly ( ˈhɒʊli ) vs. holy ( ˈhɐɤ̈li ) . The development of L - vocalisation ( see next section ) leads to further pairs such as sole - soul ( sɒʊ ) vs. so - sew ( sɐɤ̈ ) , bowl ( bɒʊ ) vs. Bow ( bɐɤ̈ ) , shoulder ( ˈʃɒʊdə ) vs. odour ( ˈɐɤ̈də ) , while associated vowel neutralisations may make doll a homophone of dole , compare dough ( dɐɤ̈ ) . All this reinforces the phonemic nature of the opposition and increases its functional load .
Conic section
Circle : ( a cos θ , a sin θ ) , Ellipse : ( a cos θ , b sin θ ) , Parabola : ( at , 2at ) , Hyperbola : ( a sec θ , b tan θ ) or ( ± a cosh u , b sinh u ) , Rectangular hyperbola : ( dt , d / t ) where d = c / √ 2 .
Petal
The genetics behind the formation of petals , in accordance with the ABC model of flower development , are that sepals , petals , stamens , and carpels are modified versions of each other . It appears that the mechanisms to form petals evolved very few times ( perhaps only once ) , rather than evolving repeatedly from stamens .
Natural selection
So what hinders the different parts ( of the body ) from having this merely accidental relation in nature ? as the teeth , for example , grow by necessity , the front ones sharp , adapted for dividing , and the grinders flat , and serviceable for masticating the food ; since they were not made for the sake of this , but it was the result of accident . And in like manner as to the other parts in which there appears to exist an adaptation to an end . Wheresoever , therefore , all things together ( that is all the parts of one whole ) happened like as if they were made for the sake of something , these were preserved , having been appropriately constituted by an internal spontaneity , and whatsoever things were not thus constituted , perished , and still perish . --
Carbon
( show ) Compounds of carbon with other elements in the periodic table This box : view talk edit CH He CLi CBe CB CC CN CO CF Ne CNa CMg CAl CSi CP CS CCl CAr CK CCa CSc CTi CV CCr CMn CFe CCo CNi CCu CZn CGa CGe CAs CSe CBr CKr CRb CSr CY CZr CNb CMo CTc CRu CRh CPd CAg CCd CIn CSn CSb CTe CI CXe CCs CBa CHf CTa CW CRe COs CIr CPt CAu CHg CTl CPb CBi CPo CAt Rn Fr CRa Rf Db CSg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og ↓ CLa CCe CPr CNd CPm CSm CEu CGd CTb CDy CHo CEr CTm CYb CLu Ac CTh CPa CU CNp CPu CAm CCm CBk CCf CEs Fm Md No Lr Chemical bonds to carbon Core organic chemistry Many uses in chemistry Academic research , but no widespread use Bond unknown
Romance languages
A number of synchronically quite irregular differences between nominative and oblique reflect direct inheritances of Latin third - declension nouns with two different stems ( one for the nominative singular , one for all other forms ) , most with of which had a stress shift between nominative and the other forms : li ber -- le baron `` baron '' ( barō -- barōnem ) ; la suer -- la seror `` sister '' ( soror -- sorōrem ) ; li prestre -- le prevoire `` priest '' ( presbyter -- presbyterem ) ; li sire -- le seigneur `` lord '' ( senior -- seniōrem ) ; li enfes -- l'enfant `` child '' ( infāns -- infantem ) .