vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy (biology)
Partial classifications exist for many individual groups of organisms and are revised and replaced as new information becomes available , however comprehensive treatments of most or all life are rarer ; two recent examples are that of Adl et al. , 2012 , which covers eukaryotes only with an emphasis on protists , and Ruggiero et al. , 2015 , covering both eukaryotes and prokaryotes to the rank of Order , although both exclude fossil representatives .
Secession in the United States
The fate ... of America may depend on this ... Have they made a proposal of a compact between the states ? If they had , this would be a confederation . It is otherwise most clearly a consolidated government . The question turns , sir , on that poor little thing -- the expression , We , the people , instead of the states , of America ...
Appeal in South African law
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Send In the Clowns
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Portia (The Merchant of Venice)
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Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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Santiago de Compostela
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Braxton Family Values (season 6)
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Caesarean section
Caesarean section A team performing a Caesarean section Synonyms C - section , caesarean delivery ICD - 10 - PCS 10D00Z0 ICD - 9 - CM 74 MeSH D002585 MedlinePlus 002911 ( edit on Wikidata )
The Flash (season 4)
This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( July 2018 )
Caesarean section
The term caesarean is spelled in various accepted ways , as discussed at Wiktionary . The Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH ) of the United States National Library of Medicine ( NLM ) uses cesarean section , while some other American medical works , e.g. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary , use caesarean , as do most British works . The online versions of the US - published Merriam - Webster Dictionary and American Heritage Dictionary list cesarean first and other spellings as `` variants '' , an etymologically anhistorical position .
United States Postal Service
In 2014 , the Postal Service was requesting reforms to workers ' compensation , moving from a pension to defined contribution retirement savings plan , and paying senior retiree health care costs out of Medicare funds , as is done for private - sector workers .
Radioactive decay
This form is also true for two - decay processes simultaneously A → B + C , inserting the equivalent values of decay constants ( as given above )
Flint water crisis
Wayne State University in Detroit will lead a separate study focusing on the Legionnaires ' outbreak called the Flint Area Community Health and Environment Partnership . It will also include researchers from Flint 's Kettering University and Detroit 's Henry Ford Hospital .
Air pollution in the United States
Air pollution components such as heavy metals and reactive oxygen species can cause central nervous system health problems ranging from neuroinflammation to short - term memory disturbances to Parkinson 's . Particulate matter ( PM ) , especially ultrafine particles ( UFPM ) , that make its way up to and stay around the brain also become pro-inflammatory stimulus . This stimulus also leads to neuroinflammation . Human and animal studies show that neuroinflammation leads to neurodegenerative diseases . A study showed that residents aged 54.7 ± 4.8 years from highly polluted cities have significantly higher gene expression for an inflammatory gene in their brain than residents in the same age group from less polluted cities . Though the mechanisms on how PM causes neuroinflammation , many studies hint that there 's correlation between air pollutant caused neuroinflammation and development of Parkinson 's Disease and Alzheimer Disease . Ozone
Race and ethnicity in the United States
While some Americans can trace their ancestry back to a single ethnic group or population in Europe , Africa , or Asia , these are often first - and second - generation Americans . Generally , the degree of mixed heritage increases the longer one 's ancestors have lived in the United States ( see melting pot ) . In theory , there are several means available to discover the ancestry of the people residing in the United States , including genealogy , genetics , oral and written history , and analysis of Federal Population Census schedules . In practice , only few of these have been used for a larger part of the population . The
Lobes of the brain
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Neuroanatomy of memory
Parkinson 's disease involves both damage to the basal ganglia and certain memory dysfunctions , suggesting that the basal ganglia are involved in specific types of memory . Those who have this disease have problems with both their working memory and spatial memory .
Augusten Burroughs
2007 -- Look Me in the Eye : My Life with Asperger 's -- John Elder Robison ( ISBN 0 - 7393 - 5768 - 9 ) ( foreword )
Telangiectasia
In spite of this condition being somewhat common in the populations of English speaking peoples , it is almost completely unknown in popular culture . It is mentioned ( as t . langiatasis , when spoken ) as `` a condition that anyone can get '' in Wodehouse Playhouse Series 1 : `` Romance at Droitgate '' ( Spa ) 30 April 1975 .
Kidney
Many renal diseases are diagnosed on the basis of a detailed medical history , and physical examination . The medical history takes into account present and past symptoms , especially those of kidney disease ; recent infections ; exposure to substances toxic to the kidney ; and family history of kidney disease .
Ellis Island
B -- Back C -- Conjunctivitis TC -- Trachoma E -- Eyes F -- Face FT -- Feet G -- Goiter H -- Heart K -- Hernia L -- Lameness N -- Neck P -- Physical and Lungs PG -- Pregnancy S -- Senility SC -- Scalp ( Favus ) X -- Suspected Mental defect x -- Definite signs of Mental defect
Hawaii (island)
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Michigan
Note : Percentages in the table can exceed 100 % as Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race .
Dutch elm disease
' Princeton ' , is a cultivar selected in 1922 by Princeton Nurseries for its landscape merit . By coincidence , this cultivar was found to be highly resistant in inoculation studies carried out by the USDA in the early 1990s . As trees planted in the 1920s still survive , the properties of the mature plant are well known . However , ' Princeton ' has not proven resistant in Europe , where the main vector of the disease is the larger elm bark beetle , Scolytus scolytus , capable of introducing far more fungal spores into the tree ; many of the 50 trees planted by HRH Charles , Prince of Wales , in 2006 at Highgrove had died from Dutch elm disease by 2011 . ' American Liberty ' , is , in fact , a set of six cultivars of moderate to high resistance produced through selection over several generations starting in the 1970s . Although ' American Liberty ' is marketed as a single variety , nurseries selling the `` Liberty Elm '' actually distribute the six cultivars at random and thus , unfortunately , the resistance of any particular tree can not be known . One of the cultivars , ' Independence ' , is covered by patent ( U.S. Plant patent 6227 ) . The oldest ' American Liberty ' elm was planted in about 1980 . ' Valley Forge ' , released in 1995 , has demonstrated the highest resistance of all the clones to Dutch elm disease in controlled USDA tests . ' Lewis and Clark ' = Prairie Expedition TM , released in 2004 to commemorate the bicentenary of the Lewis & Clark expedition , was cloned from a tree found growing in North Dakota which had survived unscathed when all around had succumbed to disease .
Time Quintet
Meg , Calvin and the disagreeable school principal Mr. Jenkins have to travel inside one of Charles Wallace 's mitochondria to save him from a deadly disease , part of a cosmic battle against the evil Echthroi and the forces of `` Unnaming '' .
Talk:Wifebeater (shirt)
Should this page even exist ? 144.132. 216.253 04 : 21 , 7 May 2007 ( UTC )
Ken Jennings
Jennings had a weekly trivia column Kennections in Parade magazine . In it , five questions are posed and their answers are all connected to a mystery topic , which the readers are to guess . Parade ceased publishing the quiz in early 2015 , and removed links to archived quizzes in March 2015 . Kennections now appear in the online version of Mental Floss magazine .
The Time Machine
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First Nations
There are marked differences between the epidemiology of diabetes in First Nation population compared to the general population . Reasons for the different rate of Type 2 Diabetes between First Nation and the general population include a complex combination of environmental ( lifestyle , diet , poverty ) and genetic and biological factors ( e.g. thrifty genotype hypothesis , thrifty phenotype ) -- though to what extent each factor plays a role is still not clear .
Welcome Back, Kotter
Washington has an older sister , who got divorced twice while living in Vermont ( `` The Longest Weekend '' ) , and a brother , Leroy . In `` The Great Debate '' it is revealed that he has another brother , Douglas , and that his father 's name is Lincoln . Kotter uses his own past to bond with Freddie , because in addition to being a former Sweathog he was also a former star of Buchanan 's basketball team .
Consciousness
One of the most striking disorders of consciousness goes by the name anosognosia , a Greek - derived term meaning ' unawareness of disease ' . This is a condition in which patients are disabled in some way , most commonly as a result of a stroke , but either misunderstand the nature of the problem or deny that there is anything wrong with them . The most frequently occurring form is seen in people who have experienced a stroke damaging the parietal lobe in the right hemisphere of the brain , giving rise to a syndrome known as hemispatial neglect , characterized by an inability to direct action or attention toward objects located to the left with respect to their bodies . Patients with hemispatial neglect are often paralyzed on the right side of the body , but sometimes deny being unable to move . When questioned about the obvious problem , the patient may avoid giving a direct answer , or may give an explanation that does n't make sense . Patients with hemispatial neglect may also fail to recognize paralyzed parts of their bodies : one frequently mentioned case is of a man who repeatedly tried to throw his own paralyzed right leg out of the bed he was lying in , and when asked what he was doing , complained that somebody had put a dead leg into the bed with him . An even more striking type of anosognosia is Anton -- Babinski syndrome , a rarely occurring condition in which patients become blind but claim to be able to see normally , and persist in this claim in spite of all evidence to the contrary .
Parasympathetic nervous system
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University of Alabama traditions
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Conn (name)
Jump up ^ Hanks ; Hardcastle ; Hodges ( 2006 ) pp. 62 , 345 ; Hanks ; Hodges ( 2003 ) ; Hanks ; Hodges ( 1997 ) p. 52 . Jump up ^ Black ( 1971 ) pp. 167 -- 168 . Jump up ^ Kock ; Smith ; Busse ( 2012 ) p. 220 ; Kock ; Smith ; Busse ( 2006 ) pp. 476 -- 477 . Jump up ^ Hanks ; Hardcastle ; Hodges ( 2006 ) pp. 62 , 345 ; Hanks ; Hodges ( 2003 ) ; Hanks ; Hodges ( 1997 ) p. 52 .
Health care in the United States
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The Raven
Nepenthe , a drug mentioned in Homer 's Odyssey , erases memories ; the narrator wonders aloud whether he could receive `` respite '' this way : `` Quaff , oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore ! ''
Apothecaries' system
Alexander , J.H. ( 1850 ) . Universal Dictionary of Weights and Measures , Ancient and Modern . Baltimore . Court , W.E. ( 1995 ) . `` Musings on an old prescription book '' ( PDF ) . Hasegawa , G.R. ( 2006 ) . `` Preparing and dispensing descriptions during the Civil War Era '' ( PDF ) . Apothecary 's Cabinet . American Institute of the History of Pharmacy . Upton , J.K. ( 1878 ) . `` Report on worldwide state of metrication to the US House of Representatives '' .
Battle of Fort Sumter
264 -- 66 . Jump up ^ Burton , pp. 17 -- 20 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 155 -- 61 . Jump up ^ Buchanan , p. 178 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 124 -- 25 . Jump up ^ Burton , pp. 29 -- 30 . Jump up ^ `` Fort Sumter National Monument '' . National Park Service . Archived from the original on June 28 , 2011 . Retrieved March 10 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Eicher & Eicher , p. 810 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 36 . Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 136 -- 37 . Jump up ^ McPherson , pp. 261 -- 63 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 212 -- 14 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 212 . Jump up ^ McPherson , pp. 268 -- 71 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 225 -- 31 , 249 . Jump up ^ Burton , p. 33 -- 35 . Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 272 . Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 133 -- 36 . Jump up ^ Ward , Burns & Burns 1990 , p. 38 . Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 139 -- 41 . Jump up ^ Burton , pp. 39 -- 42 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 256 -- 67 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 37 . Jump up ^ Daily Globe October 20 , 1884 p. 4 Jump up ^ The Princeton Union 9 September 1897 p. 8 ^ Jump up to : Davis , p. 146 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 268 -- 71 . Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 147 -- 53 . Jump up ^ Burton , pp. 46 -- 49 . Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 152 -- 54 . Jump up ^ Davis , pp.
World Health Organization
WHO also aims to improve access to health research and literature in developing countries such as through the HINARI network . Public
Battle of Fort Sumter
^ Jump up to : Welcher , p. 699 . Jump up ^ Kennedy , p. 1 . Jump up ^ `` Fort Sumter Battle Summary '' . National Park Service . Retrieved March 10 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` FORT SUMPTER FALLEN '' . nytimes.com. April 15 , 1861 . Jump up ^ McPherson , pp. 235 -- 35 . Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 25 , 127 -- 29 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 67 -- 69 . Jump up ^ McPherson , pp. 246 -- 48 . Jump up ^ Burton , pp. 4 -- 5 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 29 -- 31 . ^ Jump up to : Davis , p. 120 . Jump up ^ Burton , pp. 6 , 8 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 1 -- 2 , 82 -- 83 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 110 -- 20 . Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 121 -- 22 . ^ Jump up to : Detzer , p. 78 . Jump up ^ Burton , p. 7 . Jump up ^ `` Fort Sumter National Monument '' . National Park Service . Archived from the original on May 4 , 2011 . Retrieved 10 March 2011 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 131 -- 36 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 35 . Jump up ^ Burton , pp. 12 -- 16 . Jump up ^ McPherson , pp. 264 -- 66 . Jump up ^ Burton , pp. 17 -- 20 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 155 -- 61 . Jump up ^ Buchanan , p. 178 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 124 -- 25 . Jump up ^ Burton , pp. 29 -- 30 . Jump up ^ `` Fort Sumter National Monument '' .
Barrett M82
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What a Wonderful World
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Indian Railways
Discounted tickets are available for senior citizens ( above sixty years ) and some other categories of passengers including the disabled , students , sports persons , persons affected by serious diseases , or persons appearing for competitive examinations . One compartment of the lowest class of accommodation is earmarked for ladies in every passenger carrying train . Some berths or seats in sleeper class and second class are also earmarked for ladies . Season tickets permitting unlimited travel on specific sections or specific trains for a specific time period may also be available . Foreign tourists can buy an Indrail Pass , which is modelled on the Eurail Pass , permitting unlimited travel in India for a specific time period .
Andre Gunder Frank
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Social class in the United States
This article needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( February 2015 ) Douglas
Social class in the United States
Social class is sometimes presented as a description of how members of the society have sorted themselves along a continuum of positions varying in importance , influence , prestige , and compensation . In these models , certain occupations are considered to be desirable and influential , while others are considered to be menial , repetitive , and unpleasant . ( In some cases , non-occupational roles such as a parent or volunteer mentor , are also considered . ) Generally , the higher the ranking on such a scale , the higher the skill and education levels required to perform it .
Reservation in India
Over the years , the categories for affirmative action have been expanded beyond the lists of Scheduled castes and tribes to include a special category of Other Backward Classes ( OBC ) . Consideration has also been given to economically backward within the community itself in providing reservations .
United States home front during World War II
Later in the war , in light of the tremendous amount of manpower that would be necessary for the invasion of France in 1944 , many earlier deferment categories became draft eligible .
Political party
It is also customary for political party members to form wings for current or prospective party members , most of which fall into the following two categories :
Victoria Falls
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Tax protester statutory arguments
Further provisions of section 6012 refer to tax return filings for other individual taxpayers ( e.g. , married persons filing joint returns , surviving spouses , heads of household , married persons filing separate returns ) as well as for other entities such as corporations , estates , and trusts . See also 26 U.S.C. § 6011 .
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Article XII -- The guarantee of the rights of man and of the citizen necessitates a public force : this force is thus instituted for the advantage of all and not for the particular utility of those in whom it is trusted .
Taxonomy (biology)
Biological classification is a critical component of the taxonomic process . As a result , it informs the user as to what the relatives of the taxon are hypothesized to be . Biological classification uses taxonomic ranks , including among others ( in order from most inclusive to least inclusive ) : Domain , Kingdom , Phylum , Class , Order , Family , Genus , and Species .
History of the Philippines (1898–1946)
On January 6 , 2011 Jackie Speier ( D - CA ) , U.S. Representative for California 's 12th congressional district , serving since 2008 , introduced a bill seeking to make Filipino WW - II veterans eligible for the same benefits available to U.S. veterans . In a news conference to outline the bill , Speier estimated that approximately 50,000 Filipino veterans survive .
National identification number
Long - term pass holders ( e.g. people holding work permits , employment passes or student passes ) are issued a similarly formatted Foreign Identification Number ( FIN ) on their long - term passes , with prefix F ( registered before year 2000 ) and G ( registered in or after year 2000 ) .
Antigen-presenting cell
Antigen - presenting cells fall into two categories : professional and non-professional . Those that express MHC class II molecules along with co-stimulatory molecules and pattern recognition receptors are often called professional antigen - presenting cells . The non-professional APCs express MHC class I molecules .
Education in India
The State shall promote , with special care , the education and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people , and in particular of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes , and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of social exploitation ' .
Citizenship
The final category , aliens , referred to those who were citizens of another state , who also had no rights .