vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Social class in the United States
The term working class applies to those that work at this tier in the social hierarchy . Definitions of this term vary greatly . While Lloyd Warner found the vast majority of the American population to be in either the upper - lower class or lower - lower class in 1949 , modern - day experts such as Michael Zweig , an economist for SUNY -- Stony Brook , argue that the working class constitutes most of the population .
Standing (law)
Standing may apply to class of aggrieved people , where essentially the closeness of the plaintiff to the subject matter is the test . Furthermore , a plaintiff must show that he or she has been specially affected in comparison with the public at large .
What a Wonderful World
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Letter of credit
Several categories of LC 's exist which seek to operate in different markets and solve different issues . An example of these include :
Italian Australians
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One man, one vote
This phrase was traditionally used in the context of demands for suffrage reform . Historically the emphasis within the House of Commons was on representing areas : counties , boroughs and , later on , universities . The entitlement to vote for the Members of Parliament representing the constituencies varied widely , with different qualifications over time , such as owning property of a certain value , holding an apprenticeship , qualifying for paying the local - government rates , or holding a degree from the university in question . Those who qualified for the vote in more than one constituency were entitled to vote in each constituency , while many adults did not qualify for the vote at all . Plural voting was also present in local government , whereby the owners of business property qualified for votes in the relevant wards .
Talk:Mode (statistics)
Mode ( statistics ) has been listed as a level - 4 vital article in Mathematics . If you can improve it , please do . This article has been rated as B - Class .
List of multilingual countries and regions
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Freddy Krueger
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Active and passive citizens
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Overview of gun laws by nation
Civilians must additionally apply through the police for a handgun carry permit or a rifle carry license ( the latter also requiring a hunting license ) . They must have a special reason prior to application , and the carry licenses are expensive . Special professions like police officers , military personnel , judges , public prosecutors , and senior politicians have their own life - time license from the government , and can apply for free licenses for handgun and rifle carry .
Limited government
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Separation of powers under the United States Constitution
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Provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Adults with existing conditions became eligible to join a temporary high - risk pool , which will be superseded by the health care exchange in 2014 . To qualify for coverage , applicants must have a pre-existing health condition and have been uninsured for at least the past six months . There is no age requirement . The new program sets premiums as if for a standard population and not for a population with a higher health risk . Allows premiums to vary by age ( up to 3 : 1 ) , geographic area , family composition and tobacco use ( up to 1.5 : 1 ) . Limit out - of - pocket spending to $5,950 for individuals and $11,900 for families , excluding premiums .
Three-letter acronym
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Bantu peoples in South Africa
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Citizenship
`` The People 's State will classify its population in three groups : Citizens , subjects of the State , and aliens .
Social class in the United States
This article is part of a series on Income in the United States of America Topics ( hide ) Household Personal Affluence Social class Income inequality gender pay gap ethnic wage gap Lists by income ( show ) States ( by equality ( Gini ) ) Counties ( highest / lowest ) Locations ( lowest ) Metropolitan statistical areas Urban areas ZIP Code Tabulation Areas United States portal
Reservation in India
The Constitution of India states in article 15 ( 4 ) : `` Nothing in ( article 15 ) or in clause ( 2 ) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens of or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes . '' Article 46 of the Constitution states that `` The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people , and , in particular , of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes , and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation . ''
Gun laws in Florida
Florida is a `` shall issue '' state , and issues concealed carry licenses to both residents and non-residents . Florida recognizes licenses from any other state which recognizes Florida 's license , provided the non-resident individual is a resident of the other state and is at least 21 years old or may be under 21 if the applicant is a member or veteran of the United States Armed Forces .
Vowel
Membership in these categories is scalar , with the mid-central vowels being marginal to any category .
Social class in the United States
This term is applied to a wide array of elite groups existing in the United States of America . The term commonly includes the so - called `` blue bloods '' ( multi-generational wealth combined with leadership of high society ) such as the Astor or Roosevelt families . Twentieth century sociologist W. Lloyd Warner divided the upper class into two sections : the `` upper - upper class '' ( or bourgeoisie ) and `` lower - upper class '' ( or `` scoobs '' ) . The former includes established upper - class families while the latter includes those with great wealth . As there is no defined lower threshold for the upper class it is difficult , if not outright impossible , to determine the exact number or percentage of American households that could be identified as being members of the upper - class ( es ) .
Lobbying in the United States
Since your announcement to seek the Presidency you have consistently attacked the honorable profession of lobbying ... Lobbyists play an important role in the legislative process , serving as educators to elected officials . It is in the best interest to government to have informed individuals who serve as experts in every arena of public policy . Our ability to access and navigate the legislative process and push issues forward through a bureaucratic cluster is a vital service to the nation . The Draft Order would inhibit one of the most vital tools in the advocate 's arsenal by creating fear of retribution for political donations . Making this kind of disclosure a part of the bidding process tarnishes a competition based on qualifications , adds an unneeded level of bureaucracy , and endangers the protection of free speech afforded to all Americans by the First Amendment of the Constitution ... --
Whole life insurance
In the second category , term life is generally considered more suitable and has played an increasingly larger role in recent years .
List of military special forces units
9th Parachute Assault Regiment `` Col Moschin '' ( Tier 1 ) 185th Reconnaissance Target Acquisition Regiment `` Folgore '' 4th Alpini Parachutist Regiment 3rd Special Operations Helicopter Regiment
Medicare (United States)
Those who are 65 and older who choose to enroll in Part A Medicare must pay a monthly premium to remain enrolled in Medicare Part A if they or their spouse have not paid the qualifying Medicare payroll taxes .
Holly Flax
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Human skin color
The following list shows the six categories of the Fitzpatrick scale in relation to the 36 categories of the older von Luschan scale :
Great Depression
The causes of the Great Recession seem similar to the Great Depression , but significant differences exist . The previous chairman of the Federal Reserve , Ben Bernanke , had extensively studied the Great Depression as part of his doctoral work at MIT , and implemented policies to manipulate the money supply and interest rates in ways that were not done in the 1930s . Generally speaking , the recovery of the world 's financial systems tended to be quicker during the Great Depression of the 1930s as opposed to the late - 2000s recession .
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s , beginning in the United States . The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations ; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late - 1930s . It was the longest , deepest , and most widespread depression of the 20th century . In the 21st century , the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world 's economy can decline .
Great Depression
1928 and 1929 were the times in the 20th century that the wealth gap reached such skewed extremes ; half the unemployed had been out of work for over six months , something that was not repeated until the late - 2000s recession . 2007 and 2008 eventually saw the world reach new levels of wealth gap inequality that rivalled the years of 1928 and 1929 .
Third World
Others have observed a return to Cold War - era alignments ( MacKinnon , 2007 ; Lucas , 2008 ) , this time with substantial changes between 1990 -- 2015 in geography , the world economy and relationship dynamics between current and emerging world powers ; not necessarily redefining the classic meaning of First , Second , and Third World terms , but rather which countries belong to them by way of association to which world power or coalition of countries -- such as G7 , the European Union , OECD ; G20 , OPEC , BRICS , ASEAN ; the African Union , and the Eurasian Union .
Andre Gunder Frank
( 1966 ) The Development of Underdevelopment . Monthly Review Press . ( 1967 ) Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America . Monthly Review Press . ( 1969 ) Latin America : Underdevelopment or Revolution . Monthly Review Press . ( 1972 ) Lumpenbourgeoisie , Lumpendevelopment . Monthly Review Press . ( 1975 ) On Capitalist Underdevelopment . Bombay : Oxford University Press . ( 1976 ) Economic Genocide in Chile . Equilibrium on the point of a bayonet . Nottingham , UK : Spokesman . ( 1978 ) World Accumulation , 1492 -- 1789 . Monthly Review Press . ( 1978 ) Dependent Accumulation and Underdevelopment . Monthly Review Press . ( 1979 ) Mexican Agriculture 1521 - 1630 : Transformation of the Mode of Production . Cambridge University Press . ( 1980 ) Crisis : In the World Economy . New York : Holmes & Meier . ( 1981 ) Crisis : In the Third World . New York : Holmes & Meier . ( 1981 ) Reflections on the World Economic Crisis . Monthly Review Press . ( 1982 ) Dynamics of Global Crisis , with S. Amin , G. Arrighi and I. Wallerstein . Monthly Review Press . ( 1983 ) The European Challenge . Nottingham , UK : Spokesman . ( 1984 ) Critique and Anti-Critique . New York : Praeger . ( 1996 ) The World System : Five Hundred Years or Five Thousand ? with Barry K. Gills , Routledge . ( 1998 ) ReOrient : Global Economy in the Asian Age . Berkeley : University of California Press . ( 2013 ) ReOrienting the 19th Century : Global Economy in the Continuing Asian Age , with Robert A. Denemark , Paradigm Publishers .
Great Depression
Some journalists and economists have taken to calling the late - 2000s recession the `` Great Recession '' in allusion to the Great Depression .
Andre Gunder Frank
( 1990 ) `` Civil Democracy , Social Movements in World History , '' with M. Fuentes . In Amin et al. , Transforming the Revolution . ( 1990 ) `` Revolution in Eastern Europe : Lessons for democratic socialist movements ( and socialists ) . '' In Tabb , ed. , Future of Socialism . ( 1992 ) `` The Underdevelopment of Development , '' with M.F. Frank . In Savoie , D.J. and I. Brecher , eds. , Equity and Efficiency in Economic Development . Montreal : McGill - Queen 's University Press . ( 2001 ) `` The Global Economy , AD 1400 - 1800 : Comparisons and Relations . '' In Suneja , V. , ed. , Understanding Business : Markets . A Multidimensional Approach to the Market Economy . London : Routledge .
Causes of World War II
Timelines of World War II Chronological Prelude ( in Asia in Europe ) 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 By topic Diplomacy Engagements Operations Battle of Europe air operations Eastern Front Manhattan Project United Kingdom home front
World War II
Timelines of World War II Chronological Prelude ( in Asia in Europe ) 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 By topic Diplomacy Engagements Operations Battle of Europe air operations Eastern Front Manhattan Project United Kingdom home front
Causes of the Great Depression
By 1931 , the world was reeling from the worst depression of recent memory , and the entire structure of reparations and war debts collapsed .
Andre Gunder Frank
( 1958 ) `` General Productivity in Soviet Agriculture and Industry , '' Journal of Political Economy ( 1958 ) `` Goal Ambiguity and Conflicting Standards : An approach to the study of organization , '' Human Organization ( 1977 ) `` Long Live Transideological Enterprise : the socialist economies in the capitalist international division of labor , '' Review : A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center ( 1989 ) `` Ten Theses on Social Movements , '' with M. Fuentes , World Development ( 1990 ) `` Theoretical Introduction to Five Thousand Years of World System History , '' Review : A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center ( 1992 ) `` Third World War : A Political Economy of the Gulf War and New World Order , '' Third World Quarterly 13 ( 2 ) . ( 1994 ) `` Is Real World Socialism Possible ? , '' Democracy & Nature , Vol. 2 , No. 3 , pp. 152 -- 175
Timeline of web search engines
History of computing Hardware Hardware before 1960 Hardware 1960s to present Software Software Unix Free software and open - source software Computer science Artificial intelligence Compiler construction Computer science Operating systems Programming languages Prominent pioneers Software engineering Modern concepts General - purpose CPUs Graphical user interface Internet Laptops Personal computers Video games World Wide Web By country Bulgaria Poland Romania Soviet Bloc Soviet Union Yugoslavia Timeline of computing before 1950 1950 -- 1979 1980 -- 1989 1990 -- 1999 2000 -- 2009 2010 -- 2019 more timelines ...
Pierre de Coubertin
Une Campagne de 21 ans . Paris : Librairie de l'Éducation Physique. 1908 . La Chronique de France ( 7 vols . ) . Auxerre and Paris : Lanier. 1900 -- 1906 . L'Éducation anglaise en France . Paris : Hachette. 1889 . L'Éducation en Angleterre . Paris : Hachette. 1888 . Essais de psychologie sportive . Lausanne : Payot. 1913 . L'Évolution française sous la Troisième République . Paris : Hachette. 1896 . France Since 1814 . New York : Macmillan . 1900 . Retrieved 27 February 2018 -- via Internet Archive . La Gymnastique utilitaire . Paris : Alcan. 1905 . Histoire universelle ( 4 vols . ) . Aix - en - Provence : Société de l'histoire universelle. 1919 . Mémoires olympiques . Lausanne : Bureau international de pédagogie sportive. 1931 . Notes sur l'éducation publique . Paris : Hachette. 1901 . Pages d'histoire contemporaine . Paris : Plon. 1908 . Pédagogie sportive . Paris : Crés. 1922 . Le Respect Mutuel . Paris : Alean. 1915 . Souvenirs d'Amérique et de Grèce . Paris : Hachette. 1897 . Universités transatlantiques . Paris : Hachette. 1890 .
Observable universe
Part of a series on Physical cosmology Big Bang Universe Age of the universe Chronology of the universe Early universe ( show ) Planck epoch Grand unification epoch Quark epoch Hadron epoch Lepton epoch Photon epoch Big Bang nucleosynthesis Inflation Dark Ages Backgrounds Cosmic background radiation ( CBR ) Gravitational wave background ( GWB ) Cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) Cosmic neutrino background ( CNB ) Cosmic infrared background ( INB ) Expansion Future ( show ) Hubble 's law Redshift Expansion of the universe Accelerating expansion of the universe FLRW metric Friedmann equations Inhomogeneous cosmology Future of an expanding universe Ultimate fate of the universe Heat death of the universe Big Rip Big Crunch Big Bounce Components Structure ( hide ) Components Lambda - CDM model Baryonic matter Energy Radiation Dark energy Quintessence Phantom energy Dark matter Cold dark matter Warm dark matter Hot dark matter Dark radiation Structure Shape of the universe Reionization Structure formation Galaxy formation Large - scale structure Large quasar group Galaxy filament Supercluster Galaxy cluster Galaxy group Local Group Void Experiments ( show ) Black Hole Initiative ( BHI ) BOOMERanG Cosmic Background Explorer ( COBE ) Illustris project Planck space observatory Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ( `` 2dF '' ) Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Scientists ( show ) Aaronson Alfvén Alpher Bharadwaj Copernicus de Sitter Dicke Ehlers Einstein Ellis Friedman Galileo Gamow Guth Hawking Hubble Lemaître Linde Mather Newton Penrose Penzias Rubin Schmidt Smoot Starobinsky Steinhardt Suntzeff Sunyaev Tolman Wilson Zel'dovich Subject history ( show ) Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation History of the Big Bang theory Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory Timeline of cosmological theories Cosmology portal Astronomy portal
Vision (Marvel Comics)
# Title class = `` unsortable '' Material collected Pages Publication date ISBN Avengers West Coast : Vision Quest Avengers West Coast # 42 - 50 May 2015 Avengers : Vision and the Scarlet Witch Giant - Size Avengers ( 1974 ) # 4 , Vision and Scarlet Witch ( 1982 ) # 1 - 4 May 2015 The Vision : Yesterday and Tomorrow Avengers Icons : The Vision Vol 1 , # 1 - 4 , Avengers # 57 May 2015 Volume 2 Little Worse Than A Man The Vision Vol 2 # 1 - 6 136 July 12 , 2016 978 - 0785196570 Little Better Than a Beast The Vision Vol 2 # 7 - 12 December 13 , 2016 978 - 0785196587
Deus Ex: Human Revolution
Human Revolution takes place in the year 2027 , 25 years prior to the original Deus Ex . The Deus Ex series is set in a cyberpunk future rife with secret organizations and conspiracies : among these forces is the Illuminati . Leading up to Human Revolution , there have been marked improvements in human society , with people actively combating global warming , finding cures for a large variety of diseases , and improving green energy . Alongside this , global megacorporations have come to eclipse government authority in power and influence , while private military forces dwarf the sanctioned armies of First World countries . Advances in biotechnology and cybernetics have led to the development of `` augmentations '' , advanced artificial organs capable of greatly improving and enhancing the human body 's performance . The development of augmentation technology has triggered the creation of a new social divide : those with augmentations become the world 's new upper class citizenry and are touted as the future of humanity , while normal humans form the majority of the lower - class population . Augmentations also come with the necessity of taking Neuropozyne , a limited and expensive immunosuppressive drug that stops the body rejecting the technology . By the events of Human Revolution , society is being divided between `` augs '' , humans who have accepted augmentation technology ; and normal humans who are either morally opposed to it , too poor to afford it , or whose bodies actively reject it . The tensions between the two factions begin generating open conflict .
World State in Brave New World
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Brave New World
Social critic Neil Postman contrasted the worlds of Nineteen Eighty - Four and Brave New World in the foreword of his 1985 book Amusing Ourselves to Death . He writes :
Fair trade
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Elections in the United States
United States gubernatorial elections List of current Governors 1913 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 House elections Senate elections Presidential elections