vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Speed of light
So - called superluminal motion is seen in certain astronomical objects , such as the relativistic jets of radio galaxies and quasars . However , these jets are not moving at speeds in excess of the speed of light : the apparent superluminal motion is a projection effect caused by objects moving near the speed of light and approaching Earth at a small angle to the line of sight : since the light which was emitted when the jet was farther away took longer to reach the Earth , the time between two successive observations corresponds to a longer time between the instants at which the light rays were emitted .
Particle in a box
Using the previous relation of wavelength to energy , recalling both Planck 's constant h and the speed of light c :
HMHS Britannic
In September 1998 , another team of divers made an expedition to the wreck . Using diver propulsion vehicles , the team made more man - dives to the wreck and produced more images than ever before , including video of four telegraphs , a helm and a telemotor on the captain 's bridge . John Chatterton became the first diver to visit Britannic using a closed - circuit rebreather , but his efforts to penetrate the firemen 's tunnel using a rebreather were hampered by the poor reliability . The expedition was regarded as one of the biggest wreck diving projects ever undertaken . Time magazine published images shot in the expedition .
Air New Zealand
The company followed it up in November 2013 , with Just another day in Middle - earth # airnzhobbit , featuring Dean O'Gorman , who plays Fili in the Hobbit trilogy , and the voice of co-star Sylvester McCoy . Another safety video , titled The Most Epic Safety Video Ever Made , was published in October 2014 . It features well known actors and collaborators from the film franchise , including Peter Jackson and Elijah Wood .
Norwich Airport
Operators based at Norwich are CHC Scotia , Babcock MCS Offshore , Bristow Helicopters , NHV Helicopters , SaxonAir Charter & SaxonAir Flight Support and the East Anglian Air Ambulance . Former operators include Air Anglia and ( from 1980 ) their successor Air UK and KLM UK .
Rub' al Khali
Astronaut photograph highlighting a part of the Ar Rub ' al Khali near its south - eastern margin , in Oman . Sunset in Rub ' al Khali in Saudi Arabia
Adobe Photoshop
This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( February 2013 )
Retina
An image is produced by the patterned excitation of the cones and rods in the retina . The excitation is processed by the neuronal system and various parts of the brain working in parallel to form a representation of the external environment in the brain .
The Room on the Roof
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The Star-Spangled Banner
In a version hand - written by Francis Scott Key in 1840 , the third line reads `` Whose bright stars and broad stripes , through the clouds of the fight '' .
Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
The Marine Corps made a public announcement on June 23 , 2016 stating that Marine Corporal ( then Private First Class ) Harold Schultz was in the Rosenthal photograph of the flag - raising and Navy Corpsman John Bradley was not ( Schultz is now in Franklin Sousley 's named position in the photo and Sousley is in Bradley 's ) . Schultz and John Bradley were both present at the first and second flag raising and Sousley only the second raising .
Las Meninas
According to Kahr , the composition could have been influenced by the traditional Dutch Gallery Pictures such as those by Frans Francken the Younger , Willem van Haecht , or David Teniers the Younger . Teniers ' work was owned by Philip IV and would have been known by Velázquez . Like Las Meninas , they often depict formal visits by important collectors or rulers , a common occurrence , and `` show a room with a series of windows dominating one side wall and paintings hung between the windows as well as on the other walls '' . Gallery Portraits were also used to glorify the artist as well as royalty or members of the higher classes , as may have been Velázquez 's intention with this work .
Matterhorn
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Dodo
The traditional image of the dodo is of a very fat and clumsy bird , but this view may be exaggerated . The general opinion of scientists today is that many old European depictions were based on overfed captive birds or crudely stuffed specimens . It has also been suggested that the images might show dodos with puffed feathers , as part of display behaviour . The Dutch painter Roelant Savery was the most prolific and influential illustrator of the dodo , having made at least ten depictions , often showing it in the lower corners . A famous painting of his from 1626 , now called Edwards 's Dodo as it was once owned by the ornithologist George Edwards , has since become the standard image of a dodo . It is housed in the Natural History Museum , London . The image shows a particularly fat bird and is the source for many other dodo illustrations .
The Shining (film)
`` Jack 's interview with Ullman , whose confident affability contrasts with Jack 's unconvincing nonchalance , pairs off with the meeting between Wendy and a female doctor , whose somber and professional womanhood reacts in stunned disbelief to Wendy 's explanation for an old injury inflicted on Danny by his drunken father . During the interview , Jack and Ullman are joined by a hotel employee named Bill Watson , whose only real distinction ( and function ) is his striking physical resemblance to Jack , especially when seen from behind . The Grady sisters who look like twins but who are actually doubles ( their ages of eight and ten are established in Jack 's interview with Ullman ) . On two occasions Ullman says goodbye to two young female employees . In the Miami bedroom , two paintings showing a black nude woman on opposite walls ( mirroring ) are seen just before Hallorann experiences a `` shining '' . Two versions of the same nude woman inhabit the green bathroom in Room 237 . The film not only contains two mazes ( the hedges outside , which are , appropriately , 13 feet high , and the model inside ) , but the Overlook itself is a maze and , significantly , breaks down into two sections , one old and one remodeled , one past , one present . ( During Wendy 's initial tour of the kitchen with Hallorann she remarks that it is like a maze , and she later characterizes the fast - emptying hotel as `` like a ghost ship '' . ) There are two Jack Torrances , the one who goes mad and freezes to death in present time and the one who appears in a 1921 photograph that hangs on the gold corridor wall inside the Overlook . ''
List of United States Air Force installations
AFMC develops , acquires and sustains the aerospace power needed to defend the United States and its interests .
Money for Nothing (song)
`` See the little Queenie got the earring and the make - up '' and `` That little Queenie got his own jet airplane , he 's got a helicopter , he 's a millionaire . ''
Private (rank)
Bundeswehr OR - 1 - rank : Soldat ( Heer ) , Flieger ( German Air Force ) and Matrose ( German Navy ) Schütze , Kanonier , Jäger rank shoulder epaulette Army ( Heer ) uniform jacket Schütze , Kanonier , Jäger rank Army ( Heer ) combat uniform Flieger rank Air Force ( Luftwaffe ) combat uniform Schütze , Kanonier , Jäger Unteroffizieranwärter ( UA ) NCO - candidate rank Army ( Heer ) combat uniform Matrose rank Navy service uniform
Note-taking
Outlines tend to proceed down a page , using headings and bullets to structure information . A common system consists of headings that use Roman numerals , letters of the alphabet , and Arabic numerals at different levels . A typical structure would be :
State of matter
Photonic matter is a phenomenon where photons interacting with a gas develop apparent mass , and can interact with each other , even forming photonic `` molecules '' . The source of mass is the gas , which is massive . This is in contrast to photons moving in empty space , which have no rest mass , and can not interact .
The Shining (film)
Gordon Dahlquist of The Kubrick FAQ argues that the name change `` deliberately mirrors Jack Torrance being both the husband of Wendy / father of Danny and the mysterious man in the July Fourth photo . It is to say he is two people : the man with choice in a perilous situation and the man who has ' always ' been at the Overlook . It 's a mistake to see the final photo as evidence that the events of the film are predetermined : Jack has any number of moments where he can act other than the way he does , and that his ( poor ) choices are fueled by weakness and fear perhaps merely speaks all the more to the questions about the personal and the political that The Shining brings up . In the same way Charles had a chance -- once more , perhaps -- to not take on Delbert 's legacy , so Jack may have had a chance to escape his role as ' caretaker ' to the interests of the powerful . It 's the tragic course of this story that he chooses not to . '' Dahlquist 's argument is that Delbert Grady , the 1920s butler , and Charles Grady , the 1970s caretaker , rather than being either two different people or the same are two ' manifestations ' of a similar entity ; a part permanently at the hotel ( Delbert ) and the part which is given the choice of whether to join the legacy of the hotel 's murderous past ( Charles ) , just as the man in the photo is not exactly Jack Torrance , but nor is he someone entirely different . Jack in the photo has ' always ' been at the Overlook , Jack the caretaker chooses to become part of the hotel . The film 's assistant editor Gordon Stainforth has commented on this issue , attempting to steer a course between the continuity - error explanation on one side and the hidden - meaning explanation on the other ; `` I do n't think we 'll ever quite unravel this . Was his full name Charles Delbert Grady ? Perhaps Charles was a sort of nickname ? Perhaps Ullman got the name wrong ? But I also think that Stanley did NOT want the whole story to fit together too neatly , so ( it is ) absolutely correct , I think , to say that ' the sum of what we learn refuses to add up neatly ' . ''
The Shining (film)
Both parodies and homages to The Shining are prominent in UK and U.S. popular culture , particularly in films , TV shows , video games and music . Images and scenes frequently referenced are : the Grady girls in the hallway , the word `` Redrum '' , the blood spilling out of the elevator doors and Jack sticking his head through the hole in the bathroom door , saying , `` Here 's Johnny . '' The tricycle scene in which Danny sees the Grady girls and the `` here 's Johnny '' scene are seen on a drive - in theatre screen in the movie Twister just before a tornado rips the screen down .
Planck's law
( d n 1 d t ) s p o n = A 21 n 2 ( \ displaystyle \ left ( ( \ frac ( dn_ ( 1 ) ) ( dt ) ) \ right ) _ ( \ mathrm ( spon ) ) = A_ ( 21 ) n_ ( 2 ) ) Spontaneous emission ( d n 1 d t ) s t i m = B 21 n 2 u ν ( \ displaystyle \ left ( ( \ frac ( dn_ ( 1 ) ) ( dt ) ) \ right ) _ ( \ mathrm ( stim ) ) = B_ ( 21 ) n_ ( 2 ) u_ ( \ nu ) ) Stimulated emission ( d n 2 d t ) a b s = B 12 n 1 u ν ( \ displaystyle \ left ( ( \ frac ( dn_ ( 2 ) ) ( dt ) ) \ right ) _ ( \ mathrm ( abs ) ) = B_ ( 12 ) n_ ( 1 ) u_ ( \ nu ) ) Photo - absorption
Social media
This article reads like a press release or a news article or is entirely based on routine coverage . Please expand this article with properly sourced content to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards , event notability guideline , or encyclopedic content policy . ( June 2016 )
Shoplifting
Shoplifting is considered a form of theft and is subject to prosecution . In the United Kingdom , theft is defined as `` dishonestly appropriate ( ing ) property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it ; and `` thief '' and `` steal '' shall be construed accordingly . '' It is one of the most common crimes . Shoplifting peaks between 3 p.m. and 4 p.m. , and is lowest from 6 a.m. and 7 a.m. In the United States , shoplifting increases during the Christmas season , and arrest rates increase during spring break . Rutgers University criminologist Ronald V. Clarke says shoplifters steal `` hot products '' that are `` CRAVED , '' an acronym he created that stands for `` concealable , removable , available , valuable , enjoyable and disposable . ''
Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
Photographic comparisons gathered on the first and second flag - raising which were made public in November 2014 by Eric Krelle , a history buff and collector of World War II - era Marine Corps memorabilia , strongly suggested that John Bradley was not one of the actual six flag raisers . According to this research , Franklin Sousley was in the fourth position ( left to right ) instead of Bradley , and Harold Schultz of Los Angeles ( originally from Detroit ) was in the second position , previously attributed to Franklin Sousley . Initially , Marine Corps historians and officials and others were not willing to accept these findings . On May 2 , 2016 , the Marine Corps announced that it was investigating the possibility that Bradley was not one of the flag raisers and Schultz was , a fact they confirmed on June 23 , 2016 . James Bradley has also subsequently stated that he no longer believes that his father was one of the six men in the Rosenthal photograph .
Bird ringing
At times in North America , the bands have just a unique number ( without an address ) that is recorded along with other identifying information on the bird . If the bird is recaptured the number on the band is recorded ( along with other identifying characteristics ) as a retrap . All band numbers and information on the individual birds are then entered into a database and the information often shared throughout North American banding operations . This way information on retrapped birds is more readily available and easy to access .
Pleurisy
A CT scan provides a computer - generated picture of the lungs that can show pockets of fluid . It also may show signs of pneumonia , a lung abscess , or a tumor . Magnetic
Biafra
Maps indicating the word Biafara ( sometimes also Biafares or Biafar ) with corresponding year :
G.I. (military)
`` G.I. '' was also used as an adjective for anything having to do with the US Army or Army Air Force .
Tree of life
World trees are frequently depicted with birds in their branches , and their roots extending into earth or water ( sometimes atop a `` water - monster , '' symbolic of the underworld ) . The central world tree has also been interpreted as a representation of the band of the Milky Way .
Slope
The slope of a line in the plane containing the x and y axes is generally represented by the letter m , and is defined as the change in the y coordinate divided by the corresponding change in the x coordinate , between two distinct points on the line . This is described by the following equation :
Ellipsis
However , any omitted word , phrase or line at the end of a quoted passage would be indicated like this : ( ... ) ( space before and after the square brackets but not inside ) , for example : ... à Paris , Nice , Nantes , Toulouse ( ... ) .
The Star-Spangled Banner
Others suggest that `` Key may have intended the phrase as a reference to the British Navy 's practice of impressment ( kidnapping sailors and forcing them to fight in defense of the crown ) , or as a semi-metaphorical slap at the British invading force as a whole ( which included a large number of mercenaries ) . ''
Dei verbum
The numbers given correspond to the chapter numbers and , those in parentheses , to the section numbers within the text .
Slope
As another example , consider a line which runs through the points ( 4 , 15 ) and ( 3 , 21 ) . Then , the slope of the line is
Ablative (Latin)
`` SIDSPACE '' and any of its anagrams , including `` IS SPACED '' and `` PASS DICE '' , may be used as a mnemonic to remember the most common prepositions which use the ablative case :
When the Saints Go Marching In
Oh , when the stars fall from the sky Oh , when the stars fall from the sky Oh Lord I want to be in that number When the saints go marching in
Fingerprint
Patent prints are chance friction ridge impressions which are obvious to the human eye and which have been caused by the transfer of foreign material from a finger onto a surface . Some obvious examples would be impressions from flour and wet clay . Because they are already visible and have no need of enhancement they are generally photographed rather than being lifted in the way that latent prints are . An attempt to preserve the actual print is always made for later presentation in court , and there are many techniques used to do this . Patent prints can be left on a surface by materials such as ink , dirt , or blood .
Sales taxes in the United States
Purchase of goods to be provided as part of performance of services may be taxed . Airlines and hotels may be taxed on purchases of food to be provided as part of their services , such as in - flight meals or free breakfast . Where there is a separate charge for such goods , they may be considered purchased for resale .
Indigenous Australian art
Many paintings by Aboriginal artists , such as those that represent a `` dreamtime story '' , are shown from an aerial perspective . The narrative follows the lie of the land , as created by ancestral beings in their journey or during creation . The modern day rendition is a reinterpretation of songs , ceremonies , rock art and body art that was the norm for many thousands of years .
Model (person)
A model is a person with a role either to promote , display or advertise commercial products ( notably fashion clothing in fashion shows ) , or to serve as a visual aid for people who are creating works of art or to pose for photography .
Land of Nod
TO BE MOVED , TO BE AGITATED ( Arab . ناد Med . Waw id . ) , used of a reed shaken by the wind , 1Ki. 14 : 15 ; hence to wander , to be a fugitive , Jer. 4 : 1 ; Gen. 4 : 12 , 14 ; Ps. 56 : 9 ; to flee , Ps. 11 : 1 ; Jer. 49 : 30 . Figuratively , Isa. 17 : 11 , נֵד קָצִיר ‬ `` the harvest has fled '' ( `` but see נֵד ‬ , '' which some take in this place as the subst . ) .
Wingdings
F654 206 🙗 1F657 207 D_ 🙖 1F656 208 🙐 1F650 209 🙑 1F651 210 🙒 1F652 211 🙓 1F653 212 ⌫ 232B 213 ⌦ 2326 214 ⮘ 2B98 215 ⮚ 2B9A 216 ⮙ 2B99 217 ⮛ 2B9B 218 ⮈ 2B88 219 ⮊ 2B8A 220 ⮉ 2B89 221 ⮋ 2B8B 222 🡨 1F868 223 E_ 🡪 1F86A 224 🡩 1F869 225 🡫 1F86B 226 🡬 1F86C 227 🡭 1F86D 228 🡯 1F86F 229 🡮 1F86E 230 🡸 1F878 231 🡺 1F87A 232 🡹 1F879 233 🡻 1F87B 234 🡼 1F87C 235 🡽 1F87D 236 🡿 1F87F 237 🡾 1F87E 238 ⇦ 21E6 239 F_ ⇨ 21E8 240 ⇧ 21E7 241 ⇩ 21E9 242 ⬄ 2B04 243 ⇳ 21F3 244 ⬁ 2B01 245 ⬀ 2B00 246 ⬃ 2B03 247 ⬂ 2B02 248 🢬 1F8AC 249 🢭 1F8AD 250 🗶 1F5F6 251 ✓ 2713 252 🗷 1F5F7 253 🗹 1F5F9 254 255 _0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
Sleep
During sleep , especially REM sleep , people tend to have dreams : elusive first - person experiences , which , despite their frequently bizarre qualities , seem realistic while in progress . Dreams can seamlessly incorporate elements within a person 's mind that would not normally go together . They can include apparent sensations of all types , especially vision and movement .
Manner of articulation
All of these manners of articulation are pronounced with an airstream mechanism called pulmonic egressive , meaning that the air flows outward , and is powered by the lungs ( actually the ribs and diaphragm ) . Other airstream mechanisms are possible . Sounds that rely on some of these include :
Ellipsis
To indicate the omission of values in a repeated operation , an ellipsis raised to the center of the line is used between two operation symbols or following the last operation symbol , as in :
Anaphora (rhetoric)
Today , anaphora is seen in many different contexts including : songs , movies , television , political speeches , poetry , and prose .
Bird ringing
A field - readable is a ring or rings , usually made from plastic and brightly coloured , which may also have conspicuous markings in the form of letters and / or numbers . They are used by biologists working in the field to identify individual birds without recapture and with a minimum of disturbance to their behaviour . Rings large enough to carry numbers are usually restricted to larger birds , although if necessary small extensions to the rings ( leg flags ) bearing the identification code allow their use on slightly smaller species . For small species ( e.g. most passerines ) , individuals can be identified by using a combination of small rings of different colours , which are read in a specific order . Most colour - marks of this type are considered temporary ( the rings degrade , fade and may be lost or removed by the birds ) and individuals are usually also fitted with a permanent metal ring .
Phase (waves)
Phase can also be an expression of relative displacement between two corresponding features ( for example , peaks or zero crossings ) of two waveforms having the same frequency .
Quasar
The term `` quasar '' originated as a contraction of `` quasi-stellar radio source '' , because quasars were first identified as sources of radio - wave emission , and in photographic images at visible wavelengths they resembled point - like stars . High - resolution images of quasars , particularly from the Hubble Space Telescope , have demonstrated that quasars occur in the centers of galaxies , and that some quasar host galaxies are strongly interacting or merging galaxies .
Natural logarithm
Such techniques were used before calculators , by referring to numerical tables and performing manipulations such as those above .
Normal distribution
The formulas for the non-linear - regression cases are summarized in the conjugate prior article .
Welsh language
In the preterite , future and conditional mood tenses , there are inflected forms of all verbs , which are used in the written language . However , speech now more commonly uses the verbnoun together with an inflected form of gwneud ( `` do '' ) , so `` I went '' can be Mi es i or Mi wnes i fynd ( `` I did go '' ) . Mi is an example of a preverbal particle ; such particles are common in Welsh .
Talk:Mode (statistics)
I got a proublem from my math class which implies there is a mode for a set of 5 numbers . ( It 's a hard proublem to explain so I wo n't right it out . ) Lophoole 01 : 00 , 26 January 2007 ( UTC ) Lophoole
Grip (job)
Movie Slate -- Clapperboard : A board placed in front of a camera at the beginning , and sometimes at the end , of each take of each scene . The board is usually black and white and is used to identify the scene and take numbers .
Rollin' (Limp Bizkit song)
`` Rollin ' ( Air Raid Vehicle ) '' `` I Would For You ( Live ) '' `` Take A Look Around ( Instrumental ) '' `` Rollin ' ( Air Raid Vehicle ) '' ( music video )
Satellite
In the context of spaceflight , a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit . Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as Earth 's Moon .
Eyepiece
where f A ( \ displaystyle f_ ( A ) ) and f B ( \ displaystyle f_ ( B ) ) are the focal lengths of the component lenses .
Fly Like an Eagle (song)
An earlier 1973 version of the song features a more bluesy and less funk - inspired rhythm , and guitar taking the synthesizer parts ( albeit with similar delay effects ) . The lyrics are slightly different , indicating that the place the eagle wants to fly away from is a Native American reservation . The song 's final , funk - inspired album version pays homage to `` Slippin ' Into Darkness '' by War ( 1971 ) .