vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?
Looking for a society more simple and elemental than that of his native France , Gauguin left for Tahiti in 1891 . In addition to several other paintings that express his highly individualistic mythology , he completed this painting in 1897 or 1898 . Gauguin considered it a masterpiece and the grand culmination of his thought . He was in despair when he undertook the painting , mourning the tragic death of his favourite daughter earlier in the year and oppressed by debts , and had planned to kill himself on finishing it . He subsequently made an unsuccessful attempt with an overdose of arsenic . Thomson thinks it quite possible that he only painted in the inscription while recovering from the attempt .
Peter and Rosemary Grant
- How and Why Species Multiply : The Radiation of Darwin 's Finches - Peter & Rosemary Grant - ( Princeton University Press , 2008 / 2011 ) ISBN 9780691149998
Dodo
Goura victoria ( Victoria crowned pigeon ) Caloenas nicobarica ( Nicobar pigeon ) Pezophaps solitaria ( Rodrigues solitaire ) Raphus cucullatus ( dodo ) Didunculus strigirostris ( tooth - billed pigeon ) A
Brown bear
In this part of the world , the brown bear occurs from Georgia , Armenia and Azerbaijan southbound spottily through Turkey , northernmost Iraq , western and northern Iran , thence discontinuously in northeastern Kazakhstan , southeastern Uzbekistan and north to Kyrgyzstan . The populations in these countries are generally very small and fragmented , thus at high risk of genetic isolation , and they occupy only small segments of their former range here . At least 20 - 30 were present in northern Iran as of 2015 .
Evidence of common descent
`` All the foregoing rules and aids and difficulties in classification are explained , if I do not greatly deceive myself , on the view that the natural system is founded on descent with modification ; that the characters which naturalists consider as showing true affinity between any two or more species , are those which have been inherited from a common parent , and , in so far , all true classification is genealogical ; that community of descent is the hidden bond which naturalists have been unconsciously seeking , ... '' -- Charles Darwin , On the Origin of Species , page 577 Evolutionary
Leopard
Leopard Temporal range : Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene to recent African leopard ( Panthera pardus pardus ) Conservation status Vulnerable ( IUCN 3.1 ) Scientific classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Mammalia Order : Carnivora Suborder : Feliformia Family : Felidae Genus : Panthera Species : P. pardus Binomial name Panthera pardus ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) Subspecies see text Range of the leopard : former ( red ) , uncertain ( yellow ) , highly fragmented ( light green ) , and present ( dark green ) Synonyms Felis pardus Linnaeus , 1758
Algonquian peoples
Ojibwe / Chippewa , Ottawa , Potawatomi , and a variety of Cree groups lived in Upper Michigan , Western Ontario , Wisconsin , Minnesota , and the Canadian Prairies . The Arapaho , Blackfoot and Cheyenne developed as indigenous to the Great Plains .
Binomial nomenclature
The first part of the name , which identifies the genus , must be a word which can be treated as a Latin singular noun in the nominative case . It must be unique within each kingdom , but can be repeated between kingdoms . Thus Huia recurvata is an extinct species of plant , found as fossils in Yunnan , China , whereas Huia masonii is a species of frog found in Java , Indonesia .
Three wise monkeys
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Leopard
The common name `` leopard '' / ˈlɛ. pərd / is a Greek compound of λέων leōn ( `` lion '' ) and πάρδος pardos ( `` male panther '' ) . The name reflects the fact that in antiquity , a leopard was believed to be a hybrid of a lion and a panther . The Greek word is related to Sanskrit पृदाकु pṛdāku ( `` snake '' , `` tiger '' or `` panther '' ) , and probably derives from a Mediterranean language , such as Egyptian . The name was first used in the 13th century . Other vernacular names for the leopard include graupanther , panther and several regional names such as tendwa in India . The term `` black panther '' refers to leopards with melanistic genes . A term for the leopard used in Old English and later , but now very uncommon , is `` pard '' .
Lion
The island nation of Singapore derives its name from the Malay words singa ( lion ) and pora ( city / fortress ) , which in turn is from the Tamil - Sanskrit சிங்க singa सिंह siṃha and पुर புர pura , which is cognate to the Greek πόλις , pólis . According to the Malay Annals , this name was given by a fourteenth - century Sumatran Malay prince Sang Nila Utama , who , on alighting the island after a thunderstorm , spotted an auspicious beast on shore that appeared to be a lion . Depiction
Kenya
The Republic of Kenya is named after Mount Kenya . The earliest recorded version of the modern name was written by German explorer Johann Ludwig Krapf in the 19th century . While travelling with a Kamba caravan led by the legendary long distance trader Chief Kivoi , Krapf spotted the mountain peak and asked what it was called . Kivoi told him `` Kĩ - Nyaa '' or `` Kĩĩma - Kĩĩnyaa '' probably because the pattern of black rock and white snow on its peaks reminded them of the feathers of the cock ostrich . The Agikuyu , who inhabit the slopes of Mt . Kenya , call it Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga in Kikuyu , while the Embu call it `` Kirenyaa . '' All three names have the same meaning .
Primate
Thus , the members of the two sets of groups , and hence names , do not match , which causes problems in relating scientific names to common ( usually traditional ) names . Consider the superfamily Hominoidea : In terms of the common names on the right , this group consists of apes and humans and there is no single common name for all the members of the group . One remedy is to create a new common name , in this case `` hominoids '' . Another possibility is to expand the use of one of the traditional names . For example , in his 2005 book , the vertebrate palaeontologist Benton wrote , `` The apes , Hominoidea , today include the gibbons and orang - utan ... the gorilla and chimpanzee ... and humans '' ; thereby Benton was using `` apes '' to mean `` hominoids '' . In that case , the group heretofore called `` apes '' must now be identified as the `` non-human apes '' .
Ganesha
The name Ganesha is a Sanskrit compound , joining the words gana ( gaṇa ) , meaning a group , multitude , or categorical system and isha ( īśa ) , meaning lord or master . The word gaņa when associated with Ganesha is often taken to refer to the gaņas , a troop of semi-divine beings that form part of the retinue of Shiva , Ganesha 's father . The term more generally means a category , class , community , association , or corporation . Some commentators interpret the name `` Lord of the Gaņas '' to mean `` Lord of Hosts '' or `` Lord of created categories '' , such as the elements . Ganapati ( गणपति ; gaṇapati ) , a synonym for Ganesha , is a compound composed of gaṇa , meaning `` group '' , and pati , meaning `` ruler '' or `` lord '' . Though the earliest mention of the word Ganapati is found in hymn 2.23. 1 of the 2nd - millennium BCE Rigveda , it is however uncertain that the Vedic term referred specifically to Ganesha . The Amarakosha , an early Sanskrit lexicon , lists eight synonyms of Ganesha : Vinayaka , Vighnarāja ( equivalent to Vighnesha ) , Dvaimātura ( one who has two mothers ) , Gaṇādhipa ( equivalent to Ganapati and Ganesha ) , Ekadanta ( one who has one tusk ) , Heramba , Lambodara ( one who has a pot belly , or , literally , one who has a hanging belly ) , and Gajanana ( gajānana ) ; having the face of an elephant .
Ganesha
In the Burmese language , Ganesha is known as Maha Peinne ( မဟာပိန္နဲ , pronounced ( məhà pèiɴné ) ) , derived from Pali Mahā Wināyaka ( မဟာဝိနာယက ) . The widespread name of Ganesha in Thailand is Phra Phikanet . The earliest images and mention of Ganesha names as a major deity in present - day Indonesia , Thailand , Cambodia and Vietnam date from the 7th - and 8th - centuries , and these mirror Indian examples of the 5th century or earlier .
Aeneas
In imitation of the Iliad , Virgil borrows epithets of Homer , including ; Anchisiades , magnanimum , magnus , heros , and bonus . Though he borrows many , Virgil gives Aeneas two epithets of his own in the Aeneid : pater and pius . The epithets applied by Virgil are an example of an attitude different from that of Homer , for whilst Odysseus is poikilios ( `` wily '' ) , Aeneas is described as pius ( `` pious '' ) , which conveys a strong moral tone . The purpose of these epithets seems to enforce the notion of Aeneas ' divine hand as father and founder of the Roman race , and their use seem circumstantial : when Aeneas is praying he refers to himself as pius , and is referred to as such by the author only when the character is acting on behalf of the gods to fulfill his divine mission . Likewise , Aeneas is called pater when acting in the interest of his men .
Ojibwe
The exonym for this Anishinaabeg group is Ojibwe ( plural : Ojibweg ) . This name is commonly anglicized as `` Ojibwa '' or `` Ojibway '' . The name `` Chippewa '' is an alternative anglicization . Although many variations exist in literature , `` Chippewa '' is more common in the United States , and `` Ojibway '' predominates in Canada , but both terms are used in each country . In many Ojibwe communities throughout Canada and the U.S. since the late 20th century , more members have been using the generalized name Anishinaabe ( - g ) .
Leopard
The scientific name of the leopard is Panthera pardus . The generic name Panthera derives from Latin via Greek πάνθηρ ( pánthēr ) . The term `` panther '' , whose first recorded use dates back to the 13th century AD , generally refers to the leopard , and less often to the cougar and the jaguar . Alternative origins suggested for Panthera include an Indo - Iranian word meaning `` white - yellow '' or `` pale '' . In Sanskrit , this could have been derived from पाण्डर pāṇḍara ( `` tiger '' ) , which in turn comes from पुण्डरीक puṇḍárīka ( with the same meaning ) . The specific name pardus is derived from the Greek πάρδος ( pardos ) ( `` male panther '' ) .
The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)
William S. Baring - Gould suggests that the presents sent on the first seven days were all birds -- the `` five gold rings '' were not actually gold rings , but refer to the five golden rings of the ringed pheasant . Others suggest the gold rings refer to `` five goldspinks '' -- a goldspink being an old name for a goldfinch ; or even canaries . However , the 1780 publication includes an illustration that clearly depicts the `` five gold rings '' as being jewellery .
List of Madagascar (franchise) characters
In The Penguins of Madagascar , Mason and Phil are supporting characters in the series , and are shown to be annoyed by Julien 's partying . They attempt to rid him of his ways by tricking Julien into thinking a solar eclipse was a sign that the `` sky spirits '' disapproved of his behavior . They also frequently mention throwing poo and are used to read the English language . Phil may be the most temperamental or `` potty mouthed '' of the two , as after being told there is no checkmate in checkers , he makes several signs which Mason responds with `` You groom your mother with those hands ? ! '' Phil and Mason may also sometimes lose things in the translation of what they are made to read . An instance of this is when the zoo occupants were ordered to make a cake for King Julien , and Mason mistakes `` booger '' for `` sugar '' . This does not mean that Phil is unable to communicate well , even though he is unable to truly speak , he was still able to win over the heart of Lulu , a female chimp visiting from the Hoboken Zoo in New Jersey for a weekend , While Lulu did appear in a later episode where the penguins ended up accidentally finding themselves in the Hoboken Zoo , it is unknown if she keeps in touch with Phil .
War Eagle
Another legend claims that `` War Eagle '' was the name given to the large golden eagle by the Plains Indians because the eagle furnished feathers for use in their war bonnets .
Ganesha
The title `` Leader of the group '' ( Sanskrit : gaṇapati ) occurs twice in the Rig Veda , but in neither case does it refer to the modern Ganesha . The term appears in RV 2.23. 1 as a title for Brahmanaspati , according to commentators . While this verse doubtless refers to Brahmanaspati , it was later adopted for worship of Ganesha and is still used today . In rejecting any claim that this passage is evidence of Ganesha in the Rig Veda , Ludo Rocher says that it `` clearly refers to Bṛhaspati -- who is the deity of the hymn -- and Bṛhaspati only '' . Equally clearly , the second passage ( RV 10. 112.9 ) refers to Indra , who is given the epithet ' gaṇapati ' , translated `` Lord of the companies ( of the Maruts ) . '' However , Rocher notes that the more recent Ganapatya literature often quotes the Rigvedic verses to give Vedic respectability to Ganesha .
Popeye
Initially Popeye 's chief superhuman characteristic was his indestructibility , rather than super strength , which was attributed to his having rubbed the head of Bernice the Whiffle Hen numerous times after being shot . Popeye later attributed his strength to spinach . The popularity of Popeye helped boost spinach sales . Using Popeye as a role model for healthier eating may work ; a 2010 study revealed that children increased their vegetable consumption after watching Popeye cartoons . The spinach - growing community of Crystal City , Texas , erected a statue of the character in recognition of Popeye 's positive effects on the spinach industry . There is another Popeye statue in Segar 's hometown , Chester , Illinois , and statues in Springdale and Alma , Arkansas ( which claims to be `` The Spinach Capital of the World '' ) , at canning plants of Allen Canning , which markets Popeye - branded canned spinach . In addition to Allen Canning 's Popeye spinach , Popeye Fresh Foods markets bagged , fresh spinach with Popeye characters on the package . In 2006 , when spinach contaminated with E. coli was accidentally sold to the public , many editorial cartoonists lampooned the affair by featuring Popeye in their cartoons .
List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters
Kanga is kind - hearted , calm , patient and docile . She likes to keep things clean and organized , and offers motherly advice and food to anyone who asks her . She is protective over Roo , almost obsessively , and treats him with kind words and gentle discipline . She also has a sense of humor , as revealed in chapter seven of Winnie - the - Pooh when Rabbit connives to kidnap Roo , leaving Piglet in his place ; Kanga pretends not to notice that Piglet is not Roo and proceeds to give him Roo 's usual bath , much to Piglet 's dismay .
Agama (lizard)
The generic name , Agama , comes from the Latin word agama ( feminine form of agamus ) , which directly translates to `` unmarried . '' The word was originally used as a specific name by Carolus Linnaeus when he named a new species of lizard , Lacerta agama ( now Agama agama ) , but the author did not provide reasoning behind the unmarried moniker Daudin later created the new genus , Agama , to incorporate many other Old World lizards .
Auburn University traditions
In 1930 , Auburn gained a live golden eagle mascot , known as `` Tiger '' . Today , the seventh War Eagle , nicknamed `` Nova '' , lives at a raptor center on the Auburn campus , and is featured before football games by a flight in which the eagle circles the stadium before landing at mid-field . Auburn University 's website states that the most popular version of the `` War Eagle '' story dates back to 1892 when Auburn and Georgia met for the first time on the football field . The story tells of a Civil War veteran and his pet eagle he had found on a battlefield and rescued . During the game , the eagle soared into the sky over their field as the Auburn football team simultaneously charged the Georgia end zone and achieved their first , exhilarating win over Georgia . After the Tigers ' victory , the eagle suddenly nose - dived , crashed into the field and died . But the `` War Eagle '' lived on in the hearts and spirits of proud Auburn fans everywhere .
Zippy (mascot)
The school 's nickname , `` Zips '' , is a shortening of `` Zippers '' , a pair of rubber overshoes and a brand name of the BF Goodrich Company of Akron . It was originally adopted by the school in 1925 after a contest to give the school a nickname . `` Kangaroos '' was one of the choices at the time . In 1950 , the current nickname was adopted because of the rising popularity of zippers in use on pants . Two years later , a committee suggested the kangaroo as a mascot , and it was accepted by the student council on May 1 , 1953 . Originally , it was met with derision , as it was not put to a campuswide vote . However , over time , Zippy has become a fan favorite at the school .
List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters
Owl and most of his friends believe that he is the most intelligent animal in the wood , but he is really quite scatterbrained . He often rambles on into long - winded speeches and uses words that his friends do not understand . Though Owl likes to present himself as very knowledgeable , like most of the other characters he does not spell very well ; he even spells his own name `` Wol '' . When Pooh comes to him for help in writing a birthday greeting for Eeyore , Owl tells Pooh that he is writing , `` A very happy birthday with love from Pooh , '' but in fact writes `` HIPY PAPY BTHUTHDTH THUTHDA BTHUTHDY . '' Pooh , who can not read or write himself , goes on his way happy with Owl 's work and grateful for his help . When Rabbit ( who is quite literate ) comes to Owl to discuss a notice that Christopher Robin has left , Owl can not read the notice . But rather than admit this , Owl anxiously bluffs his way through the conversation until he finally tricks Rabbit into reading the notice out loud , at which point Owl resumes his wise demeanor as if he had known all along what it said .
Bogeyman
Taiwan -- Among Minnan Taiwanese , Grandmother Tiger ( 虎 姑婆 / Hóo - koo - pô ) is a figure used to scare disobedient children . Trinidad and Tobago -- Most Trinbagonians ( mostly in the rural demographic ) use folklore to scare disobedient children . The most common word that is used is Jumbie . Some `` jumbies '' are the Soucouyant , Lagahoo , La Diabless , Papa Bois , etc . `` Bogeyman '' is also used in the same context as its origin but by mostly urbanised citizens , and it can also can be called `` The Babooman '' . Turkey -- The `` Öcü '' ( ( / ø. d͡ʒy / ) ) is an equivalent monster in Turkish culture . Much like its English language counterpart , the form , powers , or even general temperament of the creature is undefined to the degree that it is unclear whether the word refers to a single being or a category or species of mythological creatures . Perhaps appropriately , the Öcü does not appear in traditional stories or folklore as a character , but is more relegated to the role of convenient parenting tool used by parents to get children to behave . The short and easy - to - pronounce nature of the word helps younger children learn and express the idea easily , in contrast to mythological figures with longer , more complicated names like ghosts ( `` hayalet '' ) or the giant wandering ghoul known as `` Gulyabani '' . The name `` Öcü '' is believed to be the corrupted form of the imported Arabic word al - jinnī ( الجني ) , which is anglicized as Genie -- the supernatural creatures in early Arabian and later Islamic mythology and theology , often described as beings created from a `` smokeless '' and `` scorching fire '' . While genies exist in Turkish folklore as `` cin '' ( ( / d͡ʒin / ) , singular ) ( `` cinler '' , ( / d͡ʒinˈleɾ / ) , plural ) , they are separate beings from the Öcü . Ukraine -- Babay is a monster who is believed to punish naughty children .
Bald eagle
The bald eagle placed in the genus Haliaeetus ( sea eagles ) which gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult 's head . Bald in the English name is derived from the word piebald , and refers to the white head and tail feathers and their contrast with the darker body . The scientific name is derived from Haliaeetus , New Latin for `` sea eagle '' ( from the Ancient Greek haliaetos ) , and leucocephalus , Latinized Ancient Greek for `` white head , '' from λευκος leukos ( `` white '' ) and κεφαλη kephale ( `` head '' ) .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
In the first book , Katniss nicknamed the female tribute from District 5 `` Foxface '' because she looked similar to a fox , with a slim face and sleek red hair . She was one of the last to die , due to her cleverness , avoiding any form of contact with other tributes . She also steals a small portion of food from the Careers ' supplies , dodging the bombs set up by the Careers , shortly before her death . She dies by eating poisonous berries known as nightlock ( possibly on purpose ) after watching Peeta harvest them . No name or description is given to the male tribute from District 5 , except that he is one of the eleven who die in the bloodbath on the first day . In the Seventy - fifth Hunger Games , Finnick kills the male tribute with his trident at the Cornucopia on the first day . In the film , the female tribute is killed by the 10 o'clock wave that propels itself through the jungle .
Minstrel show
The earliest minstrel characters took as their base popular white stage archetypes -- frontiersmen , fishermen , hunters , and riverboatsmen whose depictions drew heavily from the tall tale -- and added exaggerated blackface speech and makeup . These Jim Crows and Gumbo Chaffs fought and boasted that they could `` wip ( their ) weight in wildcats '' or `` eat an alligator '' . As public opinion toward blacks changed , however , so did the minstrel stereotypes . Eventually , several stock characters emerged . Chief among these were the slave , who often maintained the earlier name Jim Crow , and the dandy , known frequently as Zip Coon , from the song Zip Coon . `` First performed by George Dixon in 1834 , Zip Coon made a mockery of free blacks . An arrogant , ostentatious figure , he dressed in high style and spoke in a series of malaprops and puns that undermined his attempts to appear dignified . '' The white actors who portrayed these characters spoke an exaggerated form of Black Vernacular English . The blackface makeup and illustrations on programs and sheet music depicted them with huge eyeballs , very wide noses , and thick - lipped mouths that hung open or grinned foolishly ; one character expressed his love for a woman with `` lips so large a lover could not kiss them all at once '' . They had huge feet and preferred `` possum '' and `` coon '' to more civilized fare . Minstrel characters were often described in animalistic terms , with `` wool '' instead of hair , `` bleating '' like sheep , and having `` darky cubs '' instead of children . Other claims were that blacks had to drink ink when they got sick `` to restore their color '' and that they had to file their hair rather than cut it . They were inherently musical , dancing and frolicking through the night with no need for sleep .