vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Río de la Plata
Explorer Sebastian Cabot made a detailed study of the river and its tributaries and gave it its modern name . He explored the Paraná and Uruguay rivers between 1526 and 1529 , ascending the Paraná as far as the present - day city of Asunción , and also explored up the Paraguay River . Cabot acquired silver trinkets trading with the Guaraní near today 's Asunción , and these objects ( together with legends of a `` Sierra de la Plata '' in the South American interior brought back by earlier explorers ) inspired him to rename the river `` Río de la Plata '' ( `` River of Silver '' ) .
Geography of Chicago
The city of Chicago is located in northern Illinois , United States , at the south western tip of Lake Michigan . It sits on the Saint Lawrence Seaway continental divide at the site of the Chicago Portage , an ancient trade route connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes watersheds .
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
Spanish colonization of the Americas History Inter caetera Pacific Northwest California Inca Empire Chile Colombia Chibcha Muisca Florida Texas Aztec Empire Maya Chiapas Guatemala Petén Yucatán El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua People Christopher Columbus Alonso de Ojeda Diego de Almagro Pedro de Alvarado Bernal Díaz del Castillo Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar Sebastián de Belalcázar Francisco Vázquez de Coronado Hernán Cortés Luis de Carabajal y Cueva Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada Bartolomé de las Casas Hernán Pérez de Quesada Juan Ponce de León Francisco de Montejo Pánfilo de Narváez Juan de Oñate Francisco de Orellana Pedro de Portocarrero Francisco Pizarro Hernando de Soto Pedro de Valdivia Inés de Suárez Pedro de Candia Juan Pardo Tristán de Luna y Arellano Vasco Núñez de Balboa Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca Related Encomienda Indian auxiliaries Spanish missions in the Americas
Mexico City
Andorra la Vella , Andorra Asunción , Paraguay Barcelona , Spain Bogotá , Colombia Buenos Aires , Argentina Caracas , Venezuela Guatemala City , Guatemala Havana , Cuba La Paz , Bolivia Lima , Peru Lisbon , Portugal Madrid , Spain Managua , Nicaragua Mexico City , Mexico Montevideo , Uruguay Panama City , Panama Quito , Ecuador Rio de Janeiro , Brazil San Jose , Costa Rica San Juan , Puerto Rico San Salvador , El Salvador Santiago , Chile Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic Tegucigalpa , Honduras
European colonization of the Americas
Early European possessions in North America included Spanish Florida , Spanish New Mexico , the English colonies of Virginia ( with its North Atlantic offshoot , Bermuda ) and New England , the French colonies of Acadia and Canada , the Swedish colony of New Sweden , and the Dutch New Netherland . In the 18th century , Denmark -- Norway revived its former colonies in Greenland , while the Russian Empire gained a foothold in Alaska . Denmark - Norway would later make several claims in the Caribbean , starting in the 1600s .
Atlantic Ocean
North of the North Atlantic Gyre , the cyclonic North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre plays a key role in climate variability . It is governed by ocean currents from marginal seas and regional topography , rather than being steered by wind , both in the deep ocean and at sea level . The subpolar gyre forms an important part of the global thermohaline circulation . Its eastern portion includes eddying branches of the North Atlantic Current which transport warm , saline waters from the subtropics to the north - eastern Atlantic . There this water is cooled during winter and forms return currents that merge along the eastern continental slope of Greenland where they form an intense ( 40 -- 50 Sv ) current which flows around the continental margins of the Labrador Sea . A third of this water become parts of the deep portion of the North Atlantic Deep Water ( NADW ) . The NADW , in its turn , feed the meridional overturning circulation ( MOC ) , the northward heat transport of which is threatened by anthropogenic climate change . Large variations in the subpolar gyre on a decade - century scale , associated with the North Atlantic oscillation , are especially pronounced in Labrador Sea Water , the upper layers of the MOC .
Conquistador
Shipwrecked off Santa Catarina island in present - day Brazil , Aleixo Garcia living among the Guaranís heard tales of a `` White King '' who lived to the west , ruling cities of incomparable riches and splendour . Marching westward in 1524 to find the land of the `` White King '' , he was the first European to cross South America from the East . He discovered a great waterfall and the Chaco Plain . He managed to penetrate the outer defences of the Inca Empire on the hills of the Andes , in present - day Bolivia , the first European to do so , eight years before Francisco Pizarro . Garcia looted a booty of silver . When the army of Huayna Cápac arrived to challenge him , Garcia then retreated with the spoils , only to be assassinated by his Indian allies near San Pedro on the Paraguay River .
List of alcohol laws of the United States
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Lake Michigan
Twelve million people live along Lake Michigan 's shores , mainly in the Chicago and Milwaukee metropolitan areas . The economy of many communities in northern Michigan and Door County , Wisconsin is supported by tourism , with large seasonal populations attracted by the beauty and recreational opportunities offered by Lake Michigan . Seasonal residents often have summer homes along the waterfront and return home for the winter . The southern tip of the lake near Gary , Indiana is heavily industrialized . Cities on the shores of Lake Michigan include :
New Jersey
On the Delaware Bay , the Delaware River and Bay Authority operates the Cape May -- Lewes Ferry , carrying both passengers and vehicles from New Jersey to Deleware . The agency also operates the Forts Ferry Crossing for passengers across the Delaware River . The Delaware River Port Authority operates the RiverLink Ferry between the Camden waterfront and Penn 's Landing in Philadelphia .
Mid-ocean ridge
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List of volcanoes in the United States
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Shenandoah River
N Shenandoah Avenue ( US 340 / US 522 / Va 55 ) Rivermont Drive ( SR 619 ) Indian Hollow Road ( SR 613 ) Bixlers Ferry Road ( SR 675 ) Lee Highway ( US 211 / US 340 ) US 340 BUS US 340 Maryland Avenue ( SR 602 ) Old Spotswood Trail ( US 33 BUS ) Spotswood Trail ( US 33 ) Island Ford Road ( SR 649 ) Lynnwood Road ( SR 708 )
Illinois
Among the U.S. highways that pass through the state , the primary ones are : US 6 , US 12 , US 14 , US 20 , US 24 , US 30 , US 34 , US 36 , US 40 , US 41 , US 45 , US 50 , US 51 , US 52 , US 54 , US 60 , US 62 , and US 67 .
List of volcanoes in the United States
Name Elevation Location Last eruption meters feet Coordinates Big Cottonwood Canyon - - - - Jessup area - - - Jurassic McDermitt Complex - - - - Steamboat Springs 1415 4642 39 ° 22 ′ 30 '' N 119 ° 43 ′ 12 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 39.375 ° N 119.72 ° W ﻿ / 39.375 ; - 119.72 ﻿ ( Steamboat Springs ) Pleistocene - Fumarolic Soda Lakes 1251 4104 39 ° 53 ′ N 119 ° 27 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 39.883 ° N 119.450 ° W ﻿ / 39.883 ; - 119.450 ﻿ ( Soda Lakes ) Holocene Virgin Valley - - - -
Jordan River
The Jordan River has an upper course ( from its sources to the Sea of Galilee ) and a lower one ( beyond the Sea of Galilee and down to the Dead Sea ) . In traditional terminology , the upper course ( or most of it ) is commonly referred to as passing through the `` Hula Valley '' , and not the `` upper Jordan Valley '' ; the Sea of Galilee through which the river passes is a separate entity ; and the term Jordan Valley is reserved for the lower course . In this sense , the ( actually in its entirety `` lower '' ) Jordan Valley may be separated into upper , central and lower Jordan Valley .
Battle of Hampton Roads
Evaluation of the strategic results is likewise disputed . The blockade was maintained , even strengthened , and Virginia was bottled up in Hampton Roads . Because a decisive Confederate weapon was negated , some have concluded that the Union could claim a strategic victory . Confederate advocates can counter , however , by arguing that Virginia had a military significance larger than the blockade , which was only a small part of the war in Tidewater Virginia . Her mere presence was sufficient to close the James River to Federal incursions . She also imposed other constraints on the Peninsula Campaign then being mounted by the Union Army under General George B. McClellan , who worried that she could interfere with his positions on the York River . Although his fears were baseless , they continued to affect the movements of his army until Virginia was destroyed .
HTML
In order for search - engine spiders to be able to rate the significance of pieces of text they find in HTML documents , and also for those creating mashups and other hybrids as well as for more automated agents as they are developed , the semantic structures that exist in HTML need to be widely and uniformly applied to bring out the meaning of published text .
Henry Hudson
They reached the Grand Banks of Newfoundland on 2 July , and in mid-July made landfall near what is now LaHave , Nova Scotia . Here they encountered Native Americans who were accustomed to trading with the French ; they were willing to trade beaver pelts , but apparently no trades occurred . The ship stayed in the area about ten days , the crew replacing a broken mast and fishing for food . On the 25th a dozen men from the Halve Maen , using muskets and small cannon , went ashore and assaulted the village near their anchorage . They drove the people from the settlement and took their boat and other property ( probably pelts and trade goods ) .
Constitutional Convention (United States)
Once the immediate task of winning the American Revolutionary War of 1775 to 1783 had passed , the states began to look to their own interests , and disputes arose . These included a dispute between Maryland and Virginia over the Potomac River and opposition to Rhode Island 's imposing taxes on all traffic passing through it on the post road . James Madison suggested that state governments should appoint commissioners `` to take into consideration the trade of the United States ; to examine the relative situation and trade of said states ; to consider how far a uniform system in their commercial regulations may be necessary to their common interests and permanent harmony '' .
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
The book is noted for its colorful description of people and places along the Mississippi River . Set in a Southern antebellum society that had ceased to exist about 20 years before the work was published , Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an often scathing satire on entrenched attitudes , particularly racism .
Red Sea
There is extensive demand for desalinated water to meet the needs of the population and the industries along the Red Sea .
St. Johns River
The St. Johns River is under consideration as an additional water source to meet growing public water needs . In 2008 , the river 's Water Management District undertook a Water Supply Impact Study of the proposed water withdrawals and asked the National Research Council to review science aspects of the study as it progressed . This resulted in a series of four reports that assessed the impact of water withdrawal on river level and flow , reviewed potential impacts on wetland ecosystems , and presented overall perspectives on the Water Management District study . The National Research Council found that , overall , the District performed a competent job in relating predicted environmental responses , including their magnitude and general degree of uncertainty , to the proposed range of water withdrawals . However , the report noted that the District 's final report should acknowledge such critical issues as include future sea - level rises , population growth , and urban development . Although the District predicted that changes in water management would increase water levels and flows that exceed the proposed surface water withdrawals , these predictions have high uncertainties .
Chow mein
Canadian westernized Chinese restaurants may offer up to three different types of chow mein , none of which is identical to either of the two types of American chow mein . Cantonese style chow mein contains deep - fried crunchy golden egg noodles , green peppers , pea pods , bok choy , bamboo shoots , water chestnuts , shrimp , Chinese roast pork ( char siu ) , chicken , and beef , and is served in a thick sauce . Plain chow mein is similar to other Western chow meins but contains far more mung bean sprouts ; some regional recipes may substitute bean sprouts for noodles completely . In Canada , Hong Kong style chow mein is similar to plain chow mein but is always served on a bed of deep - fried crunchy golden egg noodles . The Japanese Canadian community also have their own version of chow mein that might include dried seaweed and pickle ginger and could be served in a bun .
Cnidaria
Cnidarians feed in several ways : predation , absorbing dissolved organic chemicals , filtering food particles out of the water , obtaining nutrients from symbiotic algae within their cells , and parasitism . Most obtain the majority of their food from predation but some , including the corals Hetroxenia and Leptogorgia , depend almost completely on their endosymbionts and on absorbing dissolved nutrients . Cnidaria give their symbiotic algae carbon dioxide , some nutrients , a place in the sun and protection against predators .
Christmas dinner
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Fictional world of The Hunger Games
In the 74th Hunger Games , Rue uses an unnamed plant 's leaves to treat Katniss 's tracker jacker stings . Katniss recognizes the leaves as something that her mother used , but by a different method . While Rue utilizes the leaves by chewing them into a pulp then applying them directly to the tracker jacker stings , Katniss ' mother stewed the leaves to make an infusion which the patient then drinks . Also in the 74th Hunger Games , Katniss applies the leaves of the same plant to Peeta 's leg wound ( inflicted by Cato ) in the hope of warding off infection . The application causes pus to run out of his leg and the swelling to go down temporarily .
Spider
Spiders and scorpions are members of one chelicerate group , the arachnids . Scorpions ' chelicerae have three sections and are used in feeding . Spiders ' chelicerae have two sections and terminate in fangs that are generally venomous , and fold away behind the upper sections while not in use . The upper sections generally have thick `` beards '' that filter solid lumps out of their food , as spiders can take only liquid food . Scorpions ' pedipalps generally form large claws for capturing prey , while those of spiders are fairly small appendages whose bases also act as an extension of the mouth ; in addition , those of male spiders have enlarged last sections used for sperm transfer .
Mars, Incorporated
M - Azing M&M 's Maltesers Marathon Mars Masterfoods Milky Way Minstrels Munch Promite Revels Seeds of Change Snickers Topic Tracker Treets Twix Uncle Ben 's Rice Products
Puerto Rican cuisine
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Avocado
Avocado Temporal range : 15 -- 0 Ma PreЄ Є Pg Middle Miocene -- Recent Avocado fruit and foliage , Réunion island Scientific classification Kingdom : Plantae ( unranked ) : Angiosperms ( unranked ) : Magnoliids Order : Laurales Family : Lauraceae Genus : Persea Species : P. americana Binomial name Persea americana Mill . Synonyms Laurus persea L . Persea americana var . angustifolia Miranda Persea americana var . drymifolia ( Cham . & Schltdl . ) S.F. Blake Persea americana var . nubigena ( L.O. Williams ) L.E. Kopp Persea drymifolia Cham . & Schltdl . Persea edulis Raf . Persea floccosa Mez Persea gigantea L.O. Williams Persea gratissima C.F. Gaertn . Persea gratissima var . drimyfolia ( Schltdl . & Cham . ) Mez Persea gratissima var . macrophylla Meisn . Persea gratissima var . oblonga Meisn . Persea gratissima var . praecox Nees Persea gratissima var . vulgaris Meisn . Persea leiogyna Blake Persea nubigena L.O. Williams Persea nubigena var . guatemalensis L.O. Williams Persea paucitriplinervia Lundell Persea persea ( L . ) Cockerell Persea steyermarkii C.K. Allen
Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies
The coastal lowlands ' more varied diet , particularly surrounding Charleston and New Orleans and which also included much of the Acadian French regions of Louisiana and the surrounding area , was heavily influenced by Africans and Caribbeans , as well as the French . Rice played a large part in the diet . In addition , unlike the uplands , the lowlands ' protein came mostly from coastal seafood and game meats . Much of the diet involved the use of peppers , as it still does today . Although the English had an inherent disdain for French food as well as many of the native foods , the French had no such disdain for indigenous foodstuffs . In fact , they expressed an appreciation for native ingredients and dishes .
Small intestine
The three major classes of nutrients that undergo digestion are proteins , lipids ( fats ) and carbohydrates :
Cheetos
Crunchy Puffs Flamin ' Hot Crunchy Flamin ' Hot Puffs Flamin ' Hot Limon Crunchy XXTRA Flamin ' Hot Crunchy Reduced Fat Flamin ' Hot Puffs Reduced Fat Puffs Cheddar Jalapeno Crunchy
Banana peel
The nutritional value of banana peel depends on the stage of maturity and the cultivar ; for example plantain peels contain less fibre than dessert banana peels , and lignin content increases with ripening ( from 7 to 15 % dry matter ) . On average , banana peels contain 6 - 9 % dry matter of protein and 20 - 30 % fibre ( measured as NDF ) . Green plantain peels contain 40 % starch that is transformed into sugars after ripening . Green banana peels contain much less starch ( about 15 % ) when green than plantain peels , while ripe banana peels contain up to 30 % free sugars .
French Polynesia
Wikisource has original text related to this article : United Nations General Assembly Resolution A / 67 / 265 A
Thanksgiving dinner
Traditional Thanksgiving foods are sometimes specific to the day of riced potatoes , and although some of the foods might be seen at any semi-formal meal in the United States , the meal often has something of a ritual or traditional quality . Many Americans would say it is `` incomplete '' without cranberry sauce , stuffing or dressing , mashed potatoes and gravy , and brussels sprouts . Other commonly served dishes include winter squash and sweet potatoes , the latter often prepared with sweeteners such as brown sugar , molasses , or marshmallows . Fresh , canned , or frozen corn is popular and green beans are frequently served ; in particular , green bean casserole , a product invented in 1955 by the Campbell Soup Company to promote use of its cream of mushroom soup , has become a Thanksgiving standard . A fresh salad may be included , especially on the West Coast . Bread rolls or biscuits and cornbread , especially in the South and parts of New England , are served . For dessert , various pies are usually served , particularly pumpkin pie , though apple pie , mincemeat pie , sweet potato pie , and pecan pie are often served as well .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
Panem also places lots of poisonous plants in the Games , but most of the plants are the same as the ones in the real world . Nightlock
Spider
Uniquely among chelicerates , the final sections of spiders ' chelicerae are fangs , and the great majority of spiders can use them to inject venom into prey from venom glands in the roots of the chelicerae . The families Uloboridae and Holarchaeidae , and some Liphistiidae spiders , have lost their venom glands , and kill their prey with silk instead . Like most arachnids , including scorpions , spiders have a narrow gut that can only cope with liquid food and spiders have two sets of filters to keep solids out . They use one of two different systems of external digestion . Some pump digestive enzymes from the midgut into the prey and then suck the liquified tissues of the prey into the gut , eventually leaving behind the empty husk of the prey . Others grind the prey to pulp using the chelicerae and the bases of the pedipalps , while flooding it with enzymes ; in these species , the chelicerae and the bases of the pedipalps form a preoral cavity that holds the food they are processing .
Cnidaria
Once the food is in the digestive cavity , gland cells in the gastroderm release enzymes that reduce the prey to slurry , usually within a few hours . This circulates through the digestive cavity and , in colonial cnidarians , through the connecting tunnels , so that gastroderm cells can absorb the nutrients . Absorption may take a few hours , and digestion within the cells may take a few days . The circulation of nutrients is driven by water currents produced by cilia in the gastroderm or by muscular movements or both , so that nutrients reach all parts of the digestive cavity . Nutrients reach the outer cell layer by diffusion or , for animals or zooids such as medusae which have thick mesogleas , are transported by mobile cells in the mesoglea .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
Nightlock is a wild bush with extremely toxic berries . The berry will kill almost as soon as it is ingested , and it becomes a major plot device in The Hunger Games , first gathered by Peeta , who thinks they are edible . Katniss identifies them immediately , luckily before Peeta has eaten any . One of the remaining tributes ( Foxface ) steals them and eats them . When Katniss and Peeta are the last two survivors , the improvised rule allowing two winners from the same District is revoked . Katniss suggests that they kill themselves by eating the berries , hoping that the Gamemaker will relent rather than have a Game with no victor . This plan works .
Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)
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Fictional world of The Hunger Games
Panem uses genetic engineering to create animals which figure into the Hunger Games or otherwise serve its political purposes . Jabberjay