vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Little Red Riding Hood
The tale has been interpreted as a puberty rite , stemming from a prehistoric origin ( sometimes an origin stemming from a previous matriarchal era ) . The girl , leaving home , enters a liminal state and by going through the acts of the tale , is transformed into an adult woman by the act of coming out of the wolf 's stomach .
Bipolar junction transistor
Exposure of the transistor to ionizing radiation causes radiation damage . Radiation causes a buildup of ' defects ' in the base region that act as recombination centers . The resulting reduction in minority carrier lifetime causes gradual loss of gain of the transistor .
That Summer (song)
The apparently older woman slowly takes a liking to the young boy , to the point where one night she dons a dress `` she had n't worn in quite a while '' ; it is then implied by the rest of the second verse that the teenage boy loses his virginity by having sex with the more than willing middle - aged woman .
Ryukyu Islands
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International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
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Belle Black
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I Love New York (season 1)
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National identification number
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Briard
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Briard
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Walt Disney World International Program
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Cell-free fetal DNA
Fetal trisomy of chromosome 21 is the cause of Down 's syndrome . This trisomy can be detected by analysis of cffDNA from maternal blood by massively parallel shotgun sequencing ( MPSS ) . Another technique is digital analysis of selected regions ( DANSR ) . However , such tests show inconsistent degrees of sensitivity and specificity and therefore may be best used to confirm a positive maternal screening test such as ultrasound markers of the condition. .
Vitiligo
Chemical leukoderma is a similar condition due to multiple exposures to chemicals . Vitiligo however is a risk factor . Triggers may include inflammatory skin conditions , burns , intralesional steroid injections and abrasions .
Cell-free fetal DNA
Analysis of cffDNA may provide earlier diagnosis of foetal conditions than current techniques . As cffDNA is found in maternal blood , sampling carries no associated risk of spontaneous abortion . cffDNA analysis has the same ethical and practical issues as other techniques such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling .
Angular cheilitis
In general , these nutritional disorders may be caused by malnutrition , such as may occur in alcoholism or in poorly considered diets , or by malabsorption secondary to gastrointestinal disorders ( e.g. Coeliac disease or chronic pancreatitis ) or gastrointestinal surgeries ( e.g. pernicious anemia caused by ileal resection in Crohn 's disease ) .
List of Sons of Anarchy characters
Wendy Case ( Drea de Matteo ) is Jax Teller 's ex-wife and Abel Teller 's biological mother . Wendy intentionally became pregnant in hopes of it would keep Jax with her . She is a drug addict who used methamphetamine during her pregnancy , which nearly killed Abel , who was born 10 weeks premature with a hereditary heart malfunction and a defect in his abdominal wall ( gastroschisis ) .
List of Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood episodes
# Title Original release date English release date `` The Blind Alchemist '' `` Momoku no Renkinjutsushi '' ( 盲目 の 錬金術 師 ) August 26 , 2009 May 22 , 2012 Edward and Alphonse hear of a blind alchemist named Judeau who had supposedly performed a successful human transmutation . Meeting up with him , Jude reveals to Edward that a young girl named Rosalie Humbergang was resurrected through alchemy , with his eyes paid for in equivalent exchange . However , the madame refuses to teach Edward about the techniques used . Rosalie leads Alphonse to a room with a little girl 's shriveled corpse inside . She reveals this as the result of the real Rosalie 's transmutation , while she herself is a girl named Amy , who was adopted due to her similar appearance to Rosalie . As Edward arrives on the scene , the madame tells him that her late husband kept the truth about the transmutation failure from Judeau , who truly wanted to resurrect Rosalie . The Elric brothers then leave carrying this knowledge with them as well . `` Simple People '' `` Shinpuru na Hitobito '' ( シンプル な 人々 ) December 23 , 2009 May 22 , 2012 While on their way back to Resembool to have Edward 's automail arm repaired , the Elric brothers buy earrings as souvenirs for Winry to prevent her from getting mad about the broken automail . Later on , Edward fights an assassin and his automail gets broken again , and he buys more earrings for Winry to avoid her wrath . Winry explains that she decided to pierce her ears after meeting Hawkeye on the day Edward decided to become a state alchemist . Meanwhile , Hawkeye explains to Rebecca that she grew her hair long after meeting Winry that same day . Rebecca comments on how simple a reason that is , and Hawkeye says that reasons are always simple . To explain her choice , she remarks that they are all living in a simple world , one where when they pull the trigger and their enemies die .
Vitiligo
Variations in genes that are part of the immune system or part of melanocytes have both been associated with vitiligo . It is also thought to be caused by the immune system attacking and destroying the melanocytes of the skin . A genomewide association study found approximately 36 independent susceptibility loci for generalized vitiligo .
Angular cheilitis
Angular cheilitis is thought to be multifactorial disorder of infectious origin , with many local and systemic predisposing factors . The sores in angular cheilitis are often infected with fungi ( yeasts ) , bacteria , or a combination thereof ; this may represent a secondary , opportunistic infection by these pathogens . Some studies have linked the initial onset of angular cheilitis with nutritional deficiencies , especially of the B ( B2 - riboflavin ) vitamins and iron ( which causes iron deficiency anemia ) , which in turn may be evidence of malnutrition or malabsorption . Angular cheilitis can be a manifestation of contact dermatitis , which is considered in two groups ; irritational and allergic .
Natural selection
The term natural selection is most often defined to operate on heritable traits , because these directly participate in evolution . However , natural selection is `` blind '' in the sense that changes in phenotype can give a reproductive advantage regardless of whether or not the trait is heritable . Following Darwin 's primary usage , the term is used to refer both to the evolutionary consequence of blind selection and to its mechanisms . It is sometimes helpful to explicitly distinguish between selection 's mechanisms and its effects ; when this distinction is important , scientists define `` ( phenotypic ) natural selection '' specifically as `` those mechanisms that contribute to the selection of individuals that reproduce '' , without regard to whether the basis of the selection is heritable . Traits that cause greater reproductive success of an organism are said to be selected for , while those that reduce success are selected against .
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
According to the Tenth Report of the Fukushima Prefecture Health Management Survey released in February 2013 , more than 40 % of children screened around Fukushima prefecture were diagnosed with thyroid nodules or cysts . Ultrasonographic detectable thyroid nodules and cysts are extremely common and can be found at a frequency of up to 67 % in various studies . 186 ( 0.5 % ) of these had nodules larger than 5.1 mm ( 0.20 in ) and / or cysts larger than 20.1 mm ( 0.79 in ) and underwent further investigation , while none had thyroid cancer . A Russia Today report into the matter was highly misleading . Fukushima Medical University give the number of children diagnosed with thyroid cancer , as of December 2013 , as 33 and concluded `` it is unlikely that these cancers were caused by the exposure from I - 131 from the nuclear power plant accident in March 2011 '' .
Vitiligo
Although multiple hypotheses have been suggested as potential triggers that cause vitiligo , studies strongly imply that changes in the immune system are responsible for the condition . Vitiligo has been proposed to be a multifactorial disease with genetic susceptibility and environmental factors both thought to play a role .
Testosterone
Testosterone is used as a medication for the treatment of males with too little or no natural testosterone production , certain forms of breast cancer , and gender dysphoria in transgender men . This is known as hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) or testosterone replacement therapy ( TRT ) , which maintains serum testosterone levels in the normal range . Decline of testosterone production with age has led to interest in androgen replacement therapy . It is unclear if the use of testosterone for low levels due to aging is beneficial or harmful .
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
In October 2015 , 137 children from the Fukushima Prefecture were described as either being diagnosed with or showing signs of developing thyroid cancer . The study 's lead author Toshihide Tsuda from Okayama University stated that the increased detection could not be accounted for by attributing it to the screening effect . He described the screening results to be `` 20 times to 50 times what would be normally expected . '' By the end of 2015 , the number had increased to 166 children .
Vitamin A deficiency
The common cause of blindness in developing countries is VAD . The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates 13.8 million children to have some degree of visual loss related to VAD . Night blindness and its worsened condition , xerophthalmia , are markers of VAD , as it can also lead to impaired immune function , cancer , and birth defects . Collections of keratin in the conjunctiva , known as Bitot 's spots , are also seen . Imtiaz 's sign is the earliest ocular sign of VAD . Conjunctival epithelial defects occur around lateral aspect of the limbus in subclinical stage of VAD . These conjunctival epithelial defects are not even visible on a biomicroscope , but they take up black stain and become readily visible after instillation of kajal ( surma ) ; this is called `` Imtiaz 's sign '' .
Agatha Christie
From 1971 - 74 , Christie 's health began to fail , although she continued to write . Recently , using experimental tools of textual analysis , Canadian researchers have suggested that Christie may have begun to suffer from Alzheimer 's disease or other dementia .
Cell-free fetal DNA
Analysis of cffDNA from maternal plasma with MPSS looking for trisomy 13 or 18 is possible
Substantia nigra
Wooden chest , also called fentanyl chest wall rigidity syndrome , is a rare side effect of synthetic opioids such as Fentanyl , Sulfentanil , Alfentanil , Remifentanil . It results in a generalised increase in skeletal muscle tone . The mechanism is thought to be via increased dopamine release and decreased GABA release in the nerves of the substantia nigra / striatum . The effect is most pronounced on the chest wall muscles and can lead to impaired ventilation . The condition is most commonly observed in anaesthesia where rapid and high doses of these drugs are given intravenously .
Plant breeding
Classical breeding relies largely on homologous recombination between chromosomes to generate genetic diversity . The classical plant breeder may also make use of a number of in vitro techniques such as protoplast fusion , embryo rescue or mutagenesis ( see below ) to generate diversity and produce hybrid plants that would not exist in nature .
Fair trade
The involvement of church organizations has been and continues to be an integral part of the Fair Trade movement :
A Good Year
Young Max Skinner , whose parents have died in an accident , spends his childhood summer holidays learning to appreciate the finer things in life at his Uncle Henry 's vineyard estate in Provence in southeastern France . Some 25 years later , Max is an unethical , successful , and hard - working London - based bond trader with a sense of humour .
Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty
One year later , Archie is a big executive at Lodge Enterprises . Reggie shows up and asks for a job after he 's been laid off and Archie gives him a job in sales . It 's obvious that he 's running himself ragged with work . When he comes home exhausted , Veronica reminds him of a dinner date they have with Ethel and her fiancé . Archie is simply too tired and refuses to move , until Veronica announces that she 's pregnant and he promptly faints .
Mercantilism
For instance , imagine that Portugal was a more efficient producer of wine than England , yet in England cloth could be produced more efficiently than it could in Portugal . Thus if Portugal specialized in wine and England in cloth , both states would end up better off if they traded . This is an example of the reciprocal benefits of trade ( whether due to comparative or absolute advantage ) . In modern economic theory , trade is not a zero - sum game of cutthroat competition , because both sides can benefit . Much
Fair trade
One reason for high prices is that Fairtrade farmers have to sell through a monopsonist cooperative , which may be inefficient or corrupt -- certainly some private traders are more efficient than some cooperatives . They can not choose the buyer who offers the best price , or switch when their cooperative is going bankrupt if they wish to retain fairtrade status . There are also complaints that Fairtrade deviates from the free market ideal of some economists . Brink calls fair trade a `` misguided attempt to make up for market failures '' encouraging market inefficiencies and overproduction .
A Good Year
He puts his London residence up for sale and returns to Provence , entering into a relationship with Fanny . Christie also returns and she and Francis jointly run the vineyard while trying to reconcile their vastly different philosophies of wine production . This enables Max to focus his entire attention on Fanny .
Sydney Royal Easter Show
Foremost among the charitable bodies and service organisations with an active presence at the show are the St John Ambulance Australia who not only provided on the spot attention for sunstroke but also injuries sustained while steer - roping . Providing sustenance of another sort is the Country Women 's Association who have a prominently placed cafe selling Devonshire Teas and other goodies . Commercial
Great Expectations
As the novel 's title implies money is a theme of Great Expectations . Central to this is the idea that wealth is only acceptable to the ruling class if it comes from the labour of others . Miss Havisham 's wealth comes not from the sweat of her brow but from rent collected on properties she inherited from her father , a brewer . Her wealth is `` pure '' , and her father 's profession as a brewer does not contaminate it . Herbert states in chapter 22 that `` while you can not possibly be genteel and bake , you may be as genteel as never was and brew . '' Because of her wealth , the old lady , despite her eccentricity , enjoys public esteem . She remains in a constant business relationship with her lawyer Jaggers and keeps a tight grip over her `` court '' of sycophants , so that , far from representing social exclusion , she is the very image of a powerful landed aristocracy that is frozen in the past and `` embalmed in its own pride '' .
The Gospel of Wealth
In The Gospel of Wealth , Carnegie examines the modes of distributing accumulated wealth and capital to the communities from which they originate . He preached that ostentatious living and amassing private treasures were wrong . He praised the high British taxes on the estates of dead millionaires , remarking that `` By taxing estates heavily at death the State marks its condemnation of the selfish millionaire 's unworthy life . It is desirable that nations should go much further in this direction . ''
Fair trade
An alternative trading organization ( ATO ) is usually a non-governmental organization ( NGO ) or mission - driven business aligned with the Fair Trade movement , aiming `` to contribute to the alleviation of poverty in developing regions of the world by establishing a system of trade that allows marginalized producers in developing regions to gain access to developed markets '' . Alternative trading organizations have Fair Trade at the core of their mission and activities , using it as a development tool to support disadvantaged producers and to reduce poverty , and combine their marketing with awareness - raising and campaigning .
Edith Bunker
More than once , Edith sharply chastised Archie for casting judgment against other people , particularly when he mentions God . Two notable examples came in the episodes `` Cousin Liz '' ( Archie went on a diatribe about how God hates gays ) and `` California , Here We Are '' ( where , upon learning that Gloria 's near affair had almost destroyed the Stivics ' marriage , berates the `` Little Goil '' and says that the matter is `` God 's business '' ) . In both instances , Edith warned Archie to back off and says that God should be left to deal with those matters and the people involved . She also became close friends with a transvestite person / drag performer known as Beverly LaSalle ( Lori Shannon ) who came into their lives when Archie saved his life when he required CPR , remaining friends with him , despite Archie 's discomfort . Edith later had a crisis of faith after Beverly 's death protecting Mike from muggers .
Perfect competition
An example is that of a large action of identical goods with all potential buyers and sellers present . By design , a stock exchange resembles this , not as a complete description ( for no markets may satisfy all requirements of the model ) but as an approximation . The flaw in considering the stock exchange as an example of Perfect Competition is the fact that large institutional investors ( e.g. investment banks ) may solely influence the market price . This , of course , violates the condition that `` no one seller can influence market price '' .
Model (person)
Some models are employed for their body parts . For example , hand models may be used to promote products held in the hand and nail - related products . ( e.g. rings , other jewelry or nail polish ) . They are frequently part of television commercials . Many parts models have exceptionally attractive body parts , but there is also demand for unattractive or unusual looking body parts for particular campaigns .
Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and is often identified as one of the richest people ( and richest Americans ) ever . He became a leading philanthropist in the United States , and in the British Empire . During the last 18 years of his life , he gave away about $350 million to charities , foundations , and universities -- almost 90 percent of his fortune . His 1889 article proclaiming `` The Gospel of Wealth '' called on the rich to use their wealth to improve society , and stimulated a wave of philanthropy .
Santa Claus
Many television commercials , comic strips and other media depict this as a sort of humorous business , with Santa 's elves acting as a sometimes mischievously disgruntled workforce , cracking jokes and pulling pranks on their boss . For instance , a Bloom County story from 15 December 1981 through 24 December 1981 has Santa rejecting the demands of PETCO ( Professional Elves Toy - Making and Craft Organization ) for higher wages , a hot tub in the locker room , and `` short broads , '' with the elves then going on strike . President Reagan steps in , fires all of Santa 's helpers , and replaces them with out - of - work air traffic controllers ( an obvious reference to the 1981 air traffic controllers ' strike ) , resulting in a riot before Santa vindictively rehires them in humiliating new positions such as his reindeer . In The Sopranos episode , `` ... To Save Us All from Satan 's Power '' , Paulie Gualtieri says he `` Used to think Santa and Mrs. Claus were running a sweatshop over there ... The original elves were ugly , traveled with Santa to throw bad kids a beatin ' , and gave the good ones toys . '' 2009