vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Apartheid
At the first UN gathering in 1946 , South Africa was placed on the agenda . The primary subject in question was the handling of South African Indians , a great cause of divergence between South Africa and India . In 1952 , apartheid was again discussed in the aftermath of the Defiance Campaign , and the UN set up a task team to keep watch on the progress of apartheid and the racial state of affairs in South Africa . Although South Africa 's racial policies were a cause for concern , most countries in the UN concurred that this was a domestic affair , which fell outside the UN 's jurisdiction .
Lyme disease
Owing to changing climate , the range of ticks able to carry Lyme disease has expanded from a limited area of Ontario to include areas of southern Quebec , Manitoba , northern Ontario , southern New Brunswick , southwest Nova Scotia and limited parts of Saskatchewan and Alberta , as well as British Columbia . Cases have been reported as far east as the island of Newfoundland . A model - based prediction by Leighton et al. ( 2012 ) suggests that the range of the I. scapularis tick will expand into Canada by 46 km / year over the next decade , with warming climatic temperatures as the main driver of increased speed of spread . Mexico
Original sin
The Eastern Orthodox version of original sin is the view that sin originates with the Devil , `` for the devil sinneth from the beginning ( 1 John iii. 8 ) '' . They acknowledge that the introduction of ancestral sin into the human race affected the subsequent environment for humanity ( see also traducianism ) . However , they never accepted Augustine of Hippo 's notions of original sin and hereditary guilt .
Nile
A Jesuit missionary who was sent from Goa to Ethiopia in 1589 and remained in the area until his death in 1622 . Credited with being the first European to view the source of the Blue Nile which he describes in this volume .
History of Vietnam
Professor Liam Kelley criticized the theory of Edouard Chavannes that southeastern China was the origin of the Vietnamese before they ended up in their current location .
History of women in the United States
Birth control information and devices were illegal under federal law , as enforced by the Post Office . Margaret Sanger was an influential campaigner for birth control rights in the 1910s . She originally worked as a visiting nurse in the New York City 's tenements and wrote about sex education and women 's health . In 1914 , Sanger 's articles in `` The Woman Radical '' brought her a federal indictment for violating the Comstock Act ( which since 1873 had banned birth control devices and information on birth control devices , sexually transmitted diseases , human sexuality , and abortion ) . Sanger and her sister Ethel Byrne , also a nurse , opened the first birth control clinic in the United States in 1916 , modeled after those Sanger had seen in the Netherlands . The police quickly closed it down but the publicity surrounding Sanger 's activities had made birth control a matter of public debate .
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
The story begins in fictional St. Petersburg , Missouri ( based on the actual town of Hannibal , Missouri ) , on the shore of the Mississippi River `` forty to fifty years ago '' ( the novel having been published in 1884 ) . Huckleberry `` Huck '' Finn ( the protagonist and first - person narrator ) and his friend , Thomas `` Tom '' Sawyer , have each come into a considerable sum of money as a result of their earlier adventures ( detailed in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer ) . Huck explains how he is placed under the guardianship of the Widow Douglas , who , together with her stringent sister , Miss Watson , are attempting to `` sivilize '' him and teach him religion . Finding civilized life confining , his spirits are raised somewhat when Tom Sawyer helps him to escape one night past Miss Watson 's slave Jim , to meet up with Tom 's gang of self - proclaimed `` robbers . '' Just as the gang 's activities begin to bore Huck , he is suddenly interrupted by the reappearance of his shiftless father , `` Pap '' , an abusive alcoholic . Knowing that Pap would only spend the money on alcohol , Huck is successful in preventing Pap from acquiring his fortune ; however , Pap kidnaps Huck and leaves town with him .
Lori Grimes
Lori Grimes is an average middle - class housewife living in Cynthiana , Kentucky . As the outbreak begins , she and her son , Carl , are evacuated out of the city with help from her husband Rick 's best friend and work partner , Shane Walsh , in hopes of getting to where her parents live . During the evacuation , the guilt that she has been wracked with over abandoning Rick leads her to have a sexual relationship with Shane , which she deeply regrets afterward . She continually brushes off Shane 's attempts at advancing and ignores him even more when Rick miraculously arrives at their campsite .
Hip hop
In the 1970s , an underground urban movement known as `` hip hop '' began to develop in the Bronx , New York City . It focused on emceeing ( or MCing ) over `` breakbeats '' , house parties and neighbourhood block party events , held outdoors . Hip hop music has been a powerful medium for protesting the impact of legal institutions on minorities , particularly police and prisons . Historically , hip hop arose out of the ruins of a post-industrial and ravaged South Bronx , as a form of expression of urban Black and Latino youth , whom the public and political discourse had written off as marginalized communities . Jamaican - born DJ Clive `` Kool Herc '' Campbell pioneered the use of DJing percussion `` breaks '' in hip hop music . Beginning at Herc 's home in a high - rise apartment at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue , the movement later spread across the entire borough . Herc created the blueprint for hip hop music and culture by building upon the Jamaican tradition of impromptu toasting , a spoken type of boastful poetry and speech over music . On August 11 , 1973 DJ Kool Herc was the DJ at his sister 's back - to - school party . He extended the beat of a record by using two record players , isolating the percussion `` breaks '' by using a mixer to switch between the two records . Herc 's experiments with making music with record players became what we now know as breaking or `` scratching '' .
History of insurance
The sale of life insurance in the U.S. began in the late 1760s . The Presbyterian Synods in Philadelphia and New York founded the Corporation for Relief of Poor and Distressed Widows and Children of Presbyterian Ministers in 1759 ; Episcopalian priests created a comparable relief fund in 1769 . Between 1787 and 1837 more than two dozen life insurance companies were started , but fewer than half a dozen survived .
Quakers
The first Quakers lived in mid-17th - century England . The movement arose from the Legatine - Arians and other dissenting Protestant groups , breaking away from the established Church of England . The Quakers , especially the ones known as the Valiant Sixty , attempted to convert others to their understanding of Christianity , travelling both throughout Great Britain and overseas , preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ . Some of these early Quaker ministers were women . They based their message on the religious belief that `` Christ has come to teach his people himself '' , stressing the importance of a direct relationship with God through Jesus Christ , and a direct religious belief in the universal priesthood of all believers . They emphasized a personal and direct religious experience of Christ , acquired through both direct religious experience and the reading and studying of the Bible . Quakers focused their private life on developing behaviour and speech reflecting emotional purity and the light of God .
Synod of Hippo
The Synod of Hippo refers to the synod of 393 which was hosted in Hippo Regius in northern Africa during the early Christian Church . Additional synods were held in 394 , 397 , 401 and 426 . Some were attended by Augustine of Hippo .
Statin
Statin Drug class Lovastatin , a compound isolated from Aspergillus terreus , was the first statin to be marketed . Class identifiers Use High cholesterol ATC code C10AA Biological target HMG - CoA reductase Clinical data Drugs.com Drug Classes External links MeSH D019161 In Wikidata
Novel
Although early forms of the novel are to be found in a number of places , including classical Rome , 10th -- and 11th - century Japan , and Elizabethan England , the European novel is often said to have begun with Don Quixote in 1605 .
Evidence of common descent
This evolutionary sequence starts with a small animal called Hyracotherium ( commonly referred to as Eohippus ) , which lived in North America about 54 million years ago then spread across to Europe and Asia . Fossil remains of Hyracotherium show it to have differed from the modern horse in three important respects : it was a small animal ( the size of a fox ) , lightly built and adapted for running ; the limbs were short and slender , and the feet elongated so that the digits were almost vertical , with four digits in the forelimbs and three digits in the hindlimbs ; and the incisors were small , the molars having low crowns with rounded cusps covered in enamel .
First they came ...
A version of the poem is on display at the Holocaust memorial Yad Vashem in Jerusalem . The poem is also presented at the Virginia Holocaust Museum in Richmond , Virginia , the New England Holocaust Memorial in Boston , Massachusetts , and in The Florida Holocaust Museum in St. Petersburg , Florida .
V-weapons
V - 2 rocket launching sites were set up by the Germans around The Hague in the Netherlands on 6 September 1944 . The first was launched from here against London on 8 September 1944 and took an estimated 5 minutes to fly the 200 miles from the Hague to London where it struck at 6.43 pm on 8 September on Chiswick causing thirteen casualties . As the V2 explosions came without warning , the government initially attempted to conceal their cause by blaming them on defective gas mains . However , the public was not fooled and soon began sardonically referring to the V - 2 's as `` Flying gas pipes '' .
Chipotle Mexican Grill
In March and April 2008 , the Community Epidemiology Branch of the San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency traced a hepatitis A outbreak in San Diego County to a single Chipotle restaurant located in La Mesa , California in which 22 customers were infected with the virus .
The House of the Rising Sun
Various places in New Orleans have been proposed as the inspiration for the song , with varying plausibility . The phrase `` House of the Rising Sun '' is often understood as a euphemism for a brothel , but it is not known whether or not the house described in the lyrics was an actual or a fictitious place . One theory is that the song is about a woman who killed her father , an alcoholic gambler who had beaten his wife . Therefore , the House of the Rising Sun may be a jailhouse , from which one would be the first person to see the sun rise ( an idea supported by the lyric mentioning `` a ball and chain , '' though that phrase has been slang for marital relationships for at least as long as the song has been in print ) . Because women often sang the song , another theory is that the House of the Rising Sun was where prostitutes were detained while treated for syphilis . Since cures with mercury were ineffective , going back was very unlikely . 1867
History of India
Early Vedic society is described in the Rigveda , the oldest Vedic text , believed to have been compiled during 2nd millennium BCE , in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent . At this time , Aryan society consisted of largely tribal and pastoral groups , distinct from the Harappan urbanisation which had been abandoned . The early Indo - Aryan presence probably corresponds , in part , to the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture in archaeological contexts .
Book of Lamentations
Lamentations has traditionally been ascribed to Jeremiah , probably on the grounds of the reference in 2 Chronicles 35 : 25 to the prophet composing a lament on the death of King Josiah , but there is no reference to Josiah in the book and no reason to connect it to Jeremiah . The language fits an Exilic date ( 586 -- 520 BCE ) , and the poems probably originated from Judeans who remained in the land . Scholars are divided over whether they are the work of one or multiple authors . One clue pointing to multiple authors is that the gender and situation of the first - person witness changes -- the narration is feminine in the first and second lamentation , and masculine in the third , while the fourth and fifth are eyewitness reports of Jerusalem 's destruction ; conversely , the similarities of style , vocabulary , and theological outlook , as well as the uniform historical setting , are arguments for one author .
Novel
By the 1680s fashionable political European novels had inspired a second wave of private scandalous publications and generated new productions of local importance . Women authors reported on politics and on their private love affairs in The Hague and in London . German students imitated them to boast of their private amours in fiction . The London , the anonymous international market of the Netherlands , publishers in Hamburg and Leipzig generated new public spheres . Once private individuals , such as students in university towns and daughters of London 's upper class began write novels based on questionable reputations , the public began to call for a reformation of manners .
Hijab
Available evidence suggests that veiling was not introduced into Arabia by Muhammad , but already existed there , particularly in the towns , although it was probably not as widespread as in the neighboring countries such as Syria and Palestine . Similarly to the practice among Greeks , Romans , Jews , and Assyrians , its use was associated with high social status . In the early Islamic texts , term hijab does not distinguish between veiling and seclusion , and can mean either `` veil '' or `` curtain '' . The only verses in the Qur'an that specifically reference women 's clothing are those promoting modesty , instructing women to guard their private parts and throw a scarf over their heads to their bosoms in the presence of men . The contemporary understanding of the hijab dates back to Hadith when the `` verse of the hijab '' descended upon the community in 627 CE . Now documented in Sura 33 : 53 , the verse states , `` And when you ask ( his wives ) for something , ask them from behind a partition . That is purer for your hearts and their hearts '' . This verse , however , was not addressed to women in general , but exclusively to Muhammad 's wives . As Muhammad 's influence increased , he entertained more and more visitors in the mosque , which was then his home . Often , these visitors stayed the night only feet away from his wives ' apartments . It is commonly understood that this verse was intended to protect his wives from these strangers . During Muhammad 's lifetime the term for donning the veil , darabat al - hijab , was used interchangeably with `` being Muhammad 's wife '' .
History of insurance
Separate insurance contracts ( i.e. , insurance policies not bundled with loans or other kinds of contracts ) were invented in Genoa in the 14th century , as were insurance pools backed by pledges of landed estates . The first known insurance contract dates from Genoa in 1347 , and in the next century maritime insurance developed widely and premiums were intuitively varied with risks .
Impeachment
Impeachment has its origins in English law but fell out of use in the 18th century . It exists under constitutional law in many states around the world , including Brazil , the Republic of Ireland , India , the Philippines , Russia , South Korea , and the United States .
Thalidomide
In the UK , the British pharmaceutical company The Distillers Company ( Biochemicals ) Ltd , a subsidiary of Distillers Co. Ltd ( now part of Diageo plc ) , marketed thalidomide under the brand name Distaval as a remedy for morning sickness throughout the United Kingdom , Australia and New Zealand . Their advertisement claimed that `` Distaval can be given with complete safety to pregnant women and nursing mothers without adverse effect on mother or child ... Outstandingly safe Distaval has been prescribed for nearly three years in this country . '' Around the world , more and more pharmaceutical companies started to produce and market the drug under license from Chemie Grünenthal . By the mid-1950s , 14 pharmaceutical companies were marketing thalidomide in 46 countries under at least 37 different trade names .
Eugene Porter
Eugene first appears at Hershel 's farm , which is now occupied by the remaining prison survivors . Eugene claims to know what has caused the plague , but will not disclose any information with the remaining survivors , including Abraham and Rosita . He says he will only share information with officials in Washington , D.C. His lie , along with a belief that Washington is the only safezone , prompts the rest of the survivors to head there in hopes of long - term survival .
Euthanasia
The first attempt to legalise euthanasia took place in the United States , when Henry Hunt introduced legislation into the General Assembly of Ohio in 1906 . Hunt did so at the behest of Anna S. Hall , a wealthy heiress who was a major figure in the euthanasia movement during the early 20th century in the United States . Hall had watched her mother die after an extended battle with liver cancer , and had dedicated herself to ensuring that others would not have to endure the same suffering . Towards this end she engaged in an extensive letter writing campaign , recruited Lurana Sheldon and Maud Ballington Booth , and organised a debate on euthanasia at the annual meeting of the American Humane Association in 1905 -- described by Jacob Appel as the first significant public debate on the topic in the 20th century .
Hip hop
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Spider web
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Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act
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Quito
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Statin
As of 2010 , a number of statins are on the market : atorvastatin , fluvastatin , lovastatin , pitavastatin , pravastatin , rosuvastatin , and simvastatin . Several combination preparations of a statin and another agent , such as ezetimibe / simvastatin , are also available . In 2005 , sales were estimated at US $ 18.7 billion in the United States . The best - selling statin is atorvastatin also known as Lipitor , which in 2003 became the best - selling pharmaceutical in history . The manufacturer Pfizer reported sales of US $ 12.4 billion in 2008 . Due to patent expirations , several statins became available in 2016 as less expensive generics .
Mechanism of action of aspirin
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Yahoo! Answers
On December 8 , 2016 , Yahoo ! released an app for the platform called Yahoo ! Answers Now ( formally known as Yahoo ! Hive ) for iOS and Android .
André DiMera
Jump up ^ `` Tune in Tomorrow '' . Sarasota Herald - Tribune . New Media Investment Group . March 26 , 1984 . Retrieved September 26 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Hirsh , Linda ( April 29 , 1984 ) . `` Soap Operas '' . Beaver County Times . Retrieved 4 July 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Film leads to new developments on ' Edge of Night '' . The Soaps . Montreal Gazette . Postmedia Network . November 26 , 1984 . Retrieved September 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Dorothy Claims She Killed Whit ; Kirk Says Jay Did It '' . Toledo Blade . November 12 , 1984 . Retrieved 4 July 2017 . Jump up ^ Cooper , Mary Ann ( February 19 , 1994 ) . `` Nick Offered A Deal On ' Guiding Light ' '' . Lakeland Ledger . Retrieved 4 July 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Days of Our Lives : '' Tony succumbs to his injuries `` . Soap Updates . The Spokesman - Review . Cowles Publishing Company . December 13 , 1995 . Retrieved September 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Cooper , Mary Ann ( December 7 , 2002 ) . `` On ' As The World Turns ' Ben Sees Bonnie Offering the Bribe '' . Lakeland Ledger . Retrieved 4 July 2017 . Jump up ^ Cooper , Mary Ann ( January 17 , 2004 ) . `` Katie Tells Mike She Loves Him on ' World ' '' . Lakeland Ledger . Retrieved 4 July 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Tony meets the Tiger , Tony dies on ' Days of Our Lives ' '' . Soap Summaries . The Dispatch . GateHouse Media . January 31 , 2004 . Retrieved September 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Groves , Seli ( October 30 , 2004 ) . `` A ' dead ' Tony comes back to life on ' Days of Our Lives ' '' . Soap Summaries . The Dispatch . GateHouse Media . Retrieved September 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` EXCLUSIVE !
Victory in Europe Day
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Mechanism of action of aspirin
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Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act
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Internet Explorer
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Alpha hydroxy acid
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William Beaumont
His papers are held at Washington University ( St. Louis ) , School of Medicine , Library , and copies are held at the National Library of Medicine .
Ship
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