vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
* See [Working with secrets](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/codeengine?topic=codeengine-secret).
* See [Code Engine CLI reference (secret command)](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/codeengine?topic=codeengine-clicli-secret).







 10 March 2023 

Added troubleshooting information for why apps stop running
: See [Why did my app stop running](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/codeengine?topic=codeengine-ts-app-end)?

Updated versions for buildpacks
: See [Choosing a build strategy](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/codeengine?topic=codeengine-plan-buildbuild-strategy).





 02 March 2023 

CLI version 1.41.3 released
: See [CLI version history](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/codeengine?topic=codeengine-cli_versions).







 February 2023 

Review the release notes for February 2023.



 23 February 2023 

Important: Project limits for resources in a Code Engine project is increased
: See [Limits and quotas for Code Engine](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/codeengine?topic=codeengine-limitsproject_quotas). The following limits have changed.



* Applications: 40 apps per project
* Application revisions: 120 revisions per project
* CPU: The total combination for all the app instances, running job instances, and running build instances cannot exceed 128 vCPU.
* Domain mappings: 80 custom domain mappings per project
* Ephemeral storage: The total combination for all the app instances, running job instances, and running build instances cannot exceed 512 G of ephemeral storage.
* Memory: The total combination for all the app instances, running job instances, and running build instances cannot exceed 512 G of memory.



CLI version 1.41.2 released
Member group disk must be >= 20480 and <= 4194304 in increments of 1024.If not specified, the default setting of the database service is used, which can vary by database type. 
 members_cpu_allocation_count Enables and allocates dedicated CPU per-member to your deployment. Member group cpu must be >= 3 and <= 28 in increments of 1. 
 users A list of users that you want to create on the database. Multiple blocks are allowed. 
 Nested scheme for users: 
 name - The user ID to add to the database instance. The user ID must be in the range 5 - 32 characters. 
 password - The password for the user ID. The password must be in the range 10 - 32 characters 
 auto_scaling - Configure rules to allow your database to automatically increase its resources. Single block of autoscaling is allowed immediately. 
 Nested scheme for auto_scaling: 
 Nested scheme for disk: 
 <br><br> * capacity_enabled - Auto scaling scalar enables or disables the scalar capacity.<br><br><br> 
 <br><br> * free_space_less_than_percent - Auto scaling scalar capacity free space less than percent.<br><br><br> 
 <br><br> * io_above_percent - Auto scaling scalar I/O utilization above percent. -> [Average Memory utilization]<br><br><br> 
 <br><br> * io_over_period - Auto scaling scalar I/O utilization over period. -> [Average Disk IO utilization for this period]<br><br><br> 
 <br><br> * io_enabled - Auto scaling scalar I/O utilization enabled.<br><br><br> 
 <br><br> * rate_increase_percent - Auto scaling rate increase percent. -> [Scale up by rate_increase_percent]<br><br><br>
[Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) 
 Create dashboards ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) 
 Create screens ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) 
 Configure user preferences in the UI !
Actions Manager Standard-Member Reader 

 Create and delete ingestion keys ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) 
 Create and delete service keys ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) 
 Configure account settings ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) 
 Manage groups ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) 
 Configure archiving ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) 
 Define exclusion rules ![Check mark icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/6f3c07c34058f637b1c86044ca4f9b24214330a7/activity-tracker/images/checkmark-icon.svg) 
 Create and delete categories !
Resource Quota 

 Security groups 50 per VPC 
 Rules 50 per security group 
 Network interfaces 1000 per security group 







 VPN gateways (site-to-site) 



Table 5. Quotas for the site-to-site VPN gateway service

 Resource Quota 

 VPN gateways 9 per region, 3 per zone 
 VPN connections 10 per VPN gateway 
 IKE policies 20 per region 
 IPSec policies 20 per region 
 Peer subnets 50 across all connections of a VPN gateway, 15 per individual VPN connection 
 Local subnets 50 across all connections of a VPN gateway, 15 per individual VPN connection 
 Route-based VPN gateway 1 per zone per VPC 







 VPN servers (client-to-site) 



Table 6. Quotas for the client-to-site VPN server service

 Resource Quota 

 Active connections per VPN server 2000 
 Active VPN servers 10 per region 
 Active routes per VPN server 50 
 Number of certificate revocations lists 20,000 
 Number of security groups attached on a VPN server 5 
 Number of VPN servers in a security group 10 
 Number of auth clients per second per VPN server 10 







 Application load balancers 



Table 7. Quotas for load balancers

 Resource Quota 

 Load balancers 50 per region 
 Listeners 10 per load balancer 
 Pools 10 per load balancer 
 Members 50 per pool 
 Policies 10 per listener 
 Rules 10 per policy 
 Security Groups 5 per load balancer 
 Subnets 15 per load balancer 







 Network load balancers 



Table 8. Quotas for load balancers

 Resource Quota 

 Load balancers 50 per region 
 Listeners 10 per load balancer 
 Pools 10 per load balancer 
 Members 50 per pool 
 Policies N/A 
 Rules N/A 
 Security Groups N/A 
 Subnets 1 per load balancer 







 Routing tables and routes 



Table 9. Quotas for routing tables and routes

 Resource Quota 

 Routing tables per VPC 50 
 Routes per routing table 200 



Each route has a destination property, which includes a prefix length (/24 in 10.2.0.0/24).
[New Dictionary](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/148d3bd95f946aa1bb53ea1540475f522e6b61c9/watson-knowledge-studio-data/images/new_extractor_dictionary.png) on the canvas toolbar.
2. Specify a name for the dictionary. You can extend the name with a description. Lengthy text is truncated but is displayed when you hover over the dictionary.
3. On the Settings tab under Extractor Properties, click Map Terms.
4. Complete the two-column table manually or by loading from a file. The first column contains the terms to search for in the text and the second column lists the values to generate in the results. The maximum length for an entry is 1024 characters. If a term is repeated in the first column, only the first mapped value is used.



* To specify the terms manually, click ![Add Term](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/148d3bd95f946aa1bb53ea1540475f522e6b61c9/watson-knowledge-studio-data/images/add_term.jpg), enter the term and its mapped value, and press Enter.
* To load terms from an ASCII or UTF-8 text file with each term and its mapped value, separated by a single comma, on a separate line, click ![Import Terms](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/148d3bd95f946aa1bb53ea1540475f522e6b61c9/watson-knowledge-studio-data/images/import_terms.jpg). If an error is displayed during the import, ensure that the file does not contain unprintable characters such as Line Feed or Backspace.











 Creating a literal 

For exact matches to a single term or phrase such as white-tailed deer or Congress use a literal.



1. Click the New Literal !
h h<br><br>ɦ<br><br>x<br><br>χ 0068<br><br>0266<br><br>0078<br><br>03C7 hot, hero, challah 
 J dʒ<br><br>ʤ 0064+0292<br><br>02A4 Jane, huge 
 k k 006B kill, cat, make, back 
 l l 006C low, hall 
 m m 006D man, hum, summer 
 M m̩ 006D+0329 hmmm 
 n n 006E never, sun, winner 
 N (syllabic nasal) n̩ 006E+0329 button, satin, eaten, burden 
 p p 0070 pit, rip 
 r r<br><br>ɹ 0072<br><br>0279 borrow, rake 
 s s 0073 seal, miss, ceiling 
 S ʃ 0283 ship, wish 
 t t 0074 tip, pet 
 T θ 03B8 thing, Beth 
 v v 0076 vase, save 
 w w<br><br>ʍ 0077<br><br>028D wear, quick 
 y j 006A yes, Virginia 
 z z 007A zip, phase 
 Z ʒ 0292 treasure, garage 
 ? (glottal stop) ʔ 0294 kitten, Latin
h h<br><br>x<br><br>χ<br><br>ɦ 0068<br><br>0078<br><br>03C7<br><br>0266 hot, hero 
 J dʒ<br><br>ʤ 0064+0292<br><br>02A4 Jane, huge 
 k k 006B kill, make, back 
 l l 006C low, hall 
 L l̩ 006C+0329 candle 
 m m 006D man, hum, summer 
 n n 006E never, sun, winner 
 p p 0070 pit, rip 
 r r<br><br>ɹ<br><br>ɾ 0072<br><br>0279<br><br>027E borrow, rake 
 s s 0073 seal, miss, ceiling 
 S ʃ 0283 ship, wish 
 t t 0074 tip, pet 
 T θ 03B8 thing, Beth 
 v v 0076 vase, save 
 w w 0077 wear, quick 
 y j 006A yes, Virginia 
 z z 007A zip, phase 
 Z ʒ 0292 treasure, garage
G ŋ 014B sing, finger 
 h h<br><br>x<br><br>χ<br><br>ɦ 0068<br><br>0078<br><br>03C7<br><br>0266 hot, hero 
 J dʒ<br><br>ʤ 0064+0292<br><br>02A4 Jane, huge 
 k k 006B kill, make, back 
 l l 006C low, hall 
 L l̩ 006C+0329 candle 
 m m 006D man, hum, summer 
 n n 006E never, sun, winner 
 p p 0070 pit, rip 
 r r<br><br>ɹ<br><br>ɾ 0072<br><br>0279<br><br>027E borrow, rake 
 s s 0073 seal, miss, ceiling 
 S ʃ 0283 ship, wish 
 t t 0074 tip, pet 
 T θ 03B8 thing, Beth 
 v v 0076 vase, save 
 w w 0077 wear, quick 
 y j 006A yes, Virginia 
 z z 007A zip, phase 
 Z ʒ 0292 treasure, garage
J dʒ<br><br>ʤ 0064+0292<br><br>02A4 Job, Dschungel 
 k k 006B Katze, Ecke, Skulptur, lag, quitt 
 l l 006C lesen, fallen, Pult 
 m m 006D Mann, kommen, Atem 
 n n 006E Nacht, können, Kind 
 p p 0070 Papier, Lippe, Grab 
 P pf 0070+0066 Pflanze, Stumpfen 
 r r<br><br>ɹ<br><br>ʀ<br><br>ʁ<br><br>ɾ 0072<br><br>0279<br><br>0280<br><br>0281<br><br>027E Rad, führen 
 R ɐ<br><br>ʌ<br><br>ɚ<br><br>ɝ 0250<br><br>028C<br><br>025A<br><br>025D Wieder, über 
 s s 0073 Maß, lassen, Last, Haus 
 S ʃ 0283 schon, spielen, Stil, wäscht 
 t t 0074 Tag, bitte, Rad 
 T ts<br><br>ʦ<br><br>θ ^2^ 0074+0073<br><br>02A6<br><br>03B8 Zauber, Polizei, Glanz 
 v v 0076 Wagen, viskös, Volum, oval 
 w w<br><br>ʋ 0077<br><br>028B Eduard, aktuell, Januar 
 x x<br><br>χ 0078<br><br>03C7 Buch, Bach, Wochen 
 X ç 00E7 ich, Chemie, Kelch, mancher 
 z z 007A See, Satz, lesen 
 Z ʒ 0292 Garage, Genie 
 ?
'Qch' ʧʧ 02A7+02A7 おっちゃん(オッチャン) 
 'Qd' dd 0064+0064 ベッド 
 'Qf' ɸɸ 0278+0278 フッフール 
 'Qg' ɡɡ 0067+0067 タッグマッチ 
 'Qh' hh 0068+0068 コッヘル(コッヘル) 
 'Qj' ʤʤ 02A4+02A4 じゃっじゃめ(ジャッジャメ) 
 'Qk' kk 02B7+02B7 月光(ゲッコウ) 
 'Qky' kkj 02B7+02B7+006A 特許(トッキョ) 
 'Qp' pp 0070+0070 ハッピー 
 'Qpy' ppj 0070+0070+006A 突拍子(トッピョウシ) 
 'Qs' ss 0073+0073 疾走(シッソウ) 
 'Qsh' ɕɕ 0255+0255 八尺(ハッシャク) 
 'Qt' tt 0074+0074 雪駄(セッタ) 
 'Qts' ʦʦ 02A6+02A6 鉄槌(テッツイ) 
 'Qz' ʣʣ 02A3+02A3 キッズ 
 r ɾ<br><br>r<br><br>ɹ<br><br>l<br><br>ɽ 027E<br><br>0072<br><br>0279<br><br>006C<br><br>027D ライ麦(ライムギ) 
 'ry' ɾj 027E+006A 流星群(リュウセイグン) 
 s s 0073 寿司(スシ) 
 'sh' ɕ<br><br>ʃ 0255<br><br>0283 四季(シキ) 
 t t 0074 大河(タイガ) 
 'ts' ʦ 02A6 釣り(ツリ)
'by' bj 0062+006A 白夜(ビャクヤ) 
 'ch' ʧ<br><br>ʨ 02A7<br><br>02A8 地図(チズ) 
 d d 0064 団子(ダンゴ) 
 'dy' dj 0064+006A デュエット 
 f ɸ<br><br>f 0278<br><br>066 不夜城(フヤジョウ) 
 g ɡ<br><br>ɣ 0067<br><br>0263 群青(グンジョウ) 
 'gy' ɡj 0067+006A 牛丼(ギュウドン) 
 h h 0068 花柄(ハナガラ) 
 'hy' ç 00E7 百年(ヒャクネン) 
 j ʤ<br><br>ʥ 02A4<br><br>02A5 ジュゴン(ジュゴン) 
 k k 006B 公園(コウエン) 
 'ky' kj 02B7+006A 休日(キュウジツ) 
 m m 006D 魔法(マホウ) 
 'my' mj 006D+006A 陰陽師(オンミョウジ) 
 n n 006E 二輪車(ニリンシャ) 
 'ny' ɲ 0272 牛乳(ギュウニュウ) 
 p p 0070 パンダ 
 'py' pj 0070+006A ぴょこん(ピョコン) 
 'Qb' bb 0062+0062 ばっばーん(バッバーン) 
 'Qch' ʧʧ 02A7+02A7 おっちゃん(オッチャン) 
 'Qd' dd 0064+0064 ベッド 
 'Qf' ɸɸ 0278+0278 フッフール 
 'Qg' ɡɡ 0067+0067 タッグマッチ 
 'Qh' hh 0068+0068 コッヘル(コッヘル)
German symbols 

The service supports the following symbols for German.



 Regular vowels 



Table 1. Regular vowels (German)

 SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode Example words 

 i i<br><br>iː 0069<br><br>0069+02D0 lieben, Titel, tief 
 I ɪ 026A bitte, Tisch, Licht 
 e e<br><br>eː 0065<br><br>0065+02D0 geben, Ehre, See 
 E ɛ 025B treffen, Geld, kämmen 
 'E:' ɛː 025B+02D0 Käse, Mädchen, wägen 
 a aː<br><br>ɑ 0061+02D0<br><br>0251 Haar, haben, fahren 
 A a 0061 lassen, matt, Apfel 
 u u<br><br>uː 0075<br><br>0075+02D0 gut, Uhr, Uwe 
 U ʊ 028A Hund, Fluss, Mutter 
 o o<br><br>oː 006F<br><br>006F+02D0 Ober, ohne, Boot 
 O ɔ 0254 Kopf, Stopp 
 y y<br><br>yː 0079<br><br>0079+02D0 Bücher, fühlen, Tür, kühn 
 Y ʏ 028F fünf, füllen, Künstler 
 'oe' ø<br><br>øː 00F8<br><br>00F8+02D0 Löwe, hören, Söhne 
 'OE' œ<br><br>ɶ 0153<br><br>0276 können, hölzern, östlich 







 Diphthongs 



Table 2. Diphthongs (German)

 SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode Example words 

 'aj' ai<br><br>aɪ 0061+0069<br><br>0061+026A heim, Waise, Mai
r ɾ<br><br>r<br><br>ɹ<br><br>l<br><br>ɽ 027E<br><br>0072<br><br>0279<br><br>006C<br><br>027D ライ麦(ライムギ) 
 'ry' ɾj 027E+006A 流星群(リュウセイグン) 
 s s 0073 寿司(スシ) 
 'sh' ɕ<br><br>ʃ 0255<br><br>0283 四季(シキ) 
 t t 0074 大河(タイガ) 
 'ts' ʦ 02A6 釣り(ツリ) 
 w w<br><br>ɰ 0077<br><br>0270 悪だくみ(ワルダクミ) 
 y j 006A 陽気(ヨウキ) 
 z ʣ<br><br>z 02A3<br><br>007A 全部(ゼンブ)
yA jɛ U+006A + U+025B 얘기 /jɛɡi/ 
 yE jʌ U+006A + U+028C 여섯 /jʌsʌt/ 
 ye je U+006A + U+0065 예금 /jeɡɯm/ 
 yo jo U+006A + U+006F 요즘 /jodʑɯm/ 
 yu ju U+006A + U+0075 유독 /judok/ 
 wa wa 0077+0061 봐 /pwa/ 
 wA wɛ 0077+025B 왜 /wɛ/ 
 wE wʌ 0077+028C 원인 /wʌnin/ 
 we we 0077+0065 외부 /webu/ 
 wi wi <br>ɥi <br>y 0077+0069 <br>0265+0069 <br>0079 행위 /hɛŋwi/ 
 I ɰi <br>ɯi 0270+0069 <br>026F+0069 의사 /ɰisa/ 







 Consonants 



Table 3. Consonants (Korean)

 SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode Example words 

 c dʑ <br>ʥ <br>tɕ <br>ʨ 0064+0291 <br>02A5 <br>0074+0255 <br>02A8 여자 /jʌdʑa/ 
 'cc' t͈ɕ <br>tɕ͈ <br>ʨ˭ <br>ʨ͈ 0074+0348+0255 <br>0074+0255+0348 <br>02A8+02ED <br>02A8+0348 약점 /jakt͈ɕʌm/ 
 'ch' tɕʰ <br>ʨʰ 0074+0255+02B0 <br>02A8+02B0 부착 /putɕʰak/ 
 h h <br>ɦ 0068 <br>0266 한 /han/
Spanish symbols 

The service supports the following symbols for Spanish. The information applies to the Castilian, Latin American, and North American dialects. Except where noted, the dialects are identical.



 Regular vowels 



Table 1. Regular vowels (Spanish)

 SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode Example words 

 a a 0061 agua, casa 
 e e 0065 este, beso 
 i i 0069 igual, hijo 
 o o 006F oso, canto 
 u u 0075 uva, lugar 







 Consonants 



Table 2. Consonants (Spanish)

 SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode Example words 

 b b 0062 basta, beber, vaca 
 C ʧ<br><br>tʃ 02A7<br><br>0074+0283 chalupa, mucho 
 d d 0064 dar, dedo 
 f f 0066 flaco, afuera 
 g g 0067 <br>0261 goma, gorra 
 j h ^1^<br><br>x ^2^ 0068<br><br>0078 junco, reja, gente 
 k k 006B cuenco, canto 
 l l 006C loco, algo 
 L ^3^ ʎ<br><br>ʝ ^4^ 028E<br><br>029D llover, pollo<br><br>yegua, playa 
 m m 006D mano, amor 
 n n 006E nada, mano 
 N ɲ 0272 piña, niño 
 p p 0070 parte, apagar 
 r ɾ 027E para, pero 
 R r 0072 ropa, perro 
 s s 0073 silla, casa 
 t t 0074 toma, atar 
 T ^5^ θ 03B8 zapato, socio 
 w w 0077 fuera, deuda 
 y j 006A medio, oigo 
 Y ʝ ^6^ 029D yegua, playa 



Notes:



1.
B (b) β 03B2 bobo, nueve 
 D (d) ð 00F0 hada, dedo 
 G (g) ɣ 0263 segar, lugar 
 z (s) z 007A mismo, desde 
 'ng' ^1^ ŋg 014B+0067 tango, engaño 
 'nk' ^1^ ŋk 014B+006B ancla, cinco 



Note:



1. The ng and nk allophones are supported in the IPA specification but cannot be used in SPR.
Because a lot of Arabic content is created on platforms like Windows, which treat numeric shaping as a display-level property, you need to either convert content to make numeric shaping a storage-level property or use a Firefox browser when you use Knowledge Studio. Firefox supports the ability to set numeric shaping preferences explicitly at the browser level and enforce the appropriate display for all content shown in the browser.





 Procedure 

To configure numeric shaping in the Firefox browser:



1. In the browser URL field, enter about:config. If you are shown a warning from Firefox, click the action to disregard the warning and continue. For information about editing about:config properties, see [http://kb.mozillazine.org/About:config_entries ![External link icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/icons/launch-glyph.svg)](http://kb.mozillazine.org/About:config_entries).
2. Type bidi in the search filter field.
3. Select the bidi.numeral property, which controls how numerals are displayed, and press Enter.
4. Change the value of this property as required. For example, enter 3 and then click OK.



* 0: Nominal numerals (the default value)
* 1: Regular context numerals
* 2: Hindi context numerals
* 3: Arabic numerals
* 4: Hindi numerals



> Important: When the bidi.numeral property is used, Firefox completely ignores the code point of specific digit characters in the content of a web page.





 Related reference 

[Language support](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/watson-knowledge-studio-data?topic=watson-knowledge-studio-data-language-support)
j j 006A lesje 
 k k 006B kat 
 l l 006C land 
 m m 006D mat 
 n n 006E nek 
 N ŋ 014B storing 
 p p 0070 pad 
 r r 0072 rand 
 s s 0073 sap 
 S ʃ 0283 pasjes, chef 
 t t 0074 tak 
 v v 0076 vijf 
 w ʋ 028B dwalen, wang 
 x x 0078 gaan, toch 
 z z 007A zat 
 Z ʒ 0292 jury
'oe' ø̃<br><br>œ̃ 00F8+0303<br><br>0153+0303 Parfum 







 Reduced vowels 



Table 4. Reduced vowels (German)

 SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode Example words 

 @ ə<br><br>ɵ<br><br>ɘ 0259<br><br>0275<br><br>0258 bitte, Kamera, Boden 







 Consonants 



Table 5. Consonants (German)

 SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode Example words 

 b b 0062 Boden, Bett, oben 
 C tʃ<br><br>tʃ 0074+0283<br><br>02A7 deutsch, Chile, Cello 
 d d<br><br>ð ^1^ 0064<br><br>00F0 dunkel, kindisch, Helden 
 f f 0066 fast, hoffen, Vater 
 g g<br><br>ɡ<br><br>ɣ 0067<br><br>0261<br><br>0263 geben, grau, Tage 
 G ŋ 014B Finger, längs, Anfang 
 h h<br><br>ɦ 0068<br><br>0266 hoch, Hand, Ahorn 
 j j<br><br>ʝ 006A<br><br>029D Junge, ja, Jahr, Ministerium 
 J dʒ<br><br>ʤ 0064+0292<br><br>02A4 Job, Dschungel 
 k k 006B Katze, Ecke, Skulptur, lag, quitt 
 l l 006C lesen, fallen, Pult 
 m m 006D Mann, kommen, Atem 
 n n 006E Nacht, können, Kind 
 p p 0070 Papier, Lippe, Grab 
 P pf 0070+0066 Pflanze, Stumpfen
'ph' f <br>pʰ 0066 <br>0070+02B0 판매 /pʰanmɛ/ 
 'pp' p˭ <br>p͈ 0070+02ED <br>0070+0348 뿐 /p͈un/ 
 r r <br>ɹ <br>ɾ <br>ʀ <br>ʁ 0072 <br>0279 <br>027E <br>0280 <br>0281 주로 /tɕuɾo/ 
 s sʰ <br>s <br>z <br>ɕ <br>ɕʰ 0073+02B0 <br>0073 <br>007A <br>0255 <br>0255+02B0 삼 /sam/ 
 'ss' s˭ <br>s͈ <br>ɕ˭ <br>ɕ͈ 0073+02ED <br>0073+0348 <br>0255+02ED <br>0255+0348 쓰고 /s͈ɯgo/ 
 t d̥ <br>d <br>t 0064+0325 <br>0064 <br>0074 도 /to/ 
 'th' tʰ 0074+02B0 같은 /katʰɯn/ 
 'tt' t˭ <br>t͈ 0074+02ED <br>0074+0348 때 /t͈ɛ/ 
 w w 0077 왜 /wɛ/ 
 y j 006A 야 /ja/
'cc' t͈ɕ <br>tɕ͈ <br>ʨ˭ <br>ʨ͈ 0074+0348+0255 <br>0074+0255+0348 <br>02A8+02ED <br>02A8+0348 약점 /jakt͈ɕʌm/ 
 'ch' tɕʰ <br>ʨʰ 0074+0255+02B0 <br>02A8+02B0 부착 /putɕʰak/ 
 h h <br>ɦ 0068 <br>0266 한 /han/ 
 k g <br>g̥ <br>ɡ̥ 006B <br>0067+0325 <br>0261+0325 육 /juk/ 
 'kh' kʰ 006B+02B0 약한 /jakʰan/ 
 'kk' k˭ <br>k͈ 006B+02ED <br>006B+0348 꼭 /k͈ok/ 
 l l <br>ɭ 006C <br>026D 오늘 /onɯl/ 
 m m 006D 마치 /matɕʰi/ 
 n n 006E 안 /an/ 
 'ng' ŋ 014B 사상 /sasaŋ/ 
 p b <br>b̥ <br>p <br>v 0062 <br>0062+0325 <br>0070 <br>0076 보고 /poɡo/ 
 'ph' f <br>pʰ 0066 <br>0070+02B0 판매 /pʰanmɛ/ 
 'pp' p˭ <br>p͈ 0070+02ED <br>0070+0348 뿐 /p͈un/ 
 r r <br>ɹ <br>ɾ <br>ʀ <br>ʁ 0072 <br>0279 <br>027E <br>0280 <br>0281 주로 /tɕuɾo/
Korean symbols 

IBM Cloud

The service supports the following symbols for Korean.



 Monophthongs 



Table 1. Monophthongs (Korean)

 SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode Example words 

 a a <br>ɐ <br>ɑ <br>ɞ <br>ʚ 0061 <br>0250 <br>0251 <br>025E <br>029A 한 /han/ 
 A ɛ <br>æ <br>ɜ 025B <br>00E6 <br>025C 새로 /sɛɾo/ 
 E ʌ <br>ə <br>ɘ <br>ɵ 028C <br>0259 <br>0258 <br>0275 것 /kʌt/ 
 e e 0065 세 /se/ 
 i i <br>ı <br>ɨ <br>ɩ <br>ɪ 0069 <br>0131 <br>0268 <br>0269 <br>026A 시 /si/ 
 o o <br>ɒ <br>ɔ <br>ɤ 006F <br>0252 <br>0254 <br>0264 사고 /saɡo/ 
 u u <br>ɷ <br>ʉ <br>ʊ 0075 <br>0277 <br>0289 <br>028A 수 /su/ 
 U ɯ 026F 그 /kɯ/ 







 Diphthongs 



Table 2. Diphthongs (Korean)

 SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode Example words 

 ya ja U+006A + U+0061 약 /jak/ 
 yA jɛ U+006A + U+025B 얘기 /jɛɡi/ 
 yE jʌ U+006A + U+028C 여섯 /jʌsʌt/ 
 ye je U+006A + U+0065 예금 /jeɡɯm/ 
 yo jo U+006A + U+006F 요즘 /jodʑɯm/ 
 yu ju U+006A + U+0075 유독 /judok/
The following rules apply to specifying an SPR symbol:



* Letters are case-sensitive, so e and E, for example, represent two different sounds.
* Two- and three-character symbols must be enclosed in single quotes when indicated in the symbol tables. The single quotes indicate that the multiple characters are actually a single symbol. For example, the symbol 'aj' in the German word heim is specified as "h'aj'm".
* Some three-character symbols include single quotes around only two of the characters. The single quotes indicate that the two characters are a single symbol. So the SPR consists of two symbols. For example, the symbol 'a:'n in the Netherlands Dutch word dependances contains two symbols, 'a:' and n, and is specified as d'e:'.pEn.1d'a:'n.s@s.



Also consider the following when defining a word's pronunciation in SPR format:



* The sounds of every language have specific distributional patterns within that language. For example, in all dialects of English, the sound G in sing (".1sIG") does not occur at the beginning of a word. Other US English sounds that have a particularly narrow distribution are the glottal stop (?), the flap (F), and the syllabic nasal (N). If you enter a sound symbol in a context in which it does not normally occur, the resulting speech might sound unnatural.
* The service applies a sophisticated set of linguistic rules to its input to reflect the processes by which sounds change in specific contexts in natural language. For example, in US English, the sound t of the word write (".1r1Yt") is pronounced as a flap (F) in writer (".1rY.0FR"). SPR input undergoes these modifications just as ordinary input text does. In this example, whether you enter ".1rY.0tR" or ".1rY.0FR" does not affect the speech that is generated.









 Working with IPA 

You can define IPA pronunciations by using phonetic symbols or Unicode values. The following are examples of valid IPA notations for the word tomato in phonetic symbols and Unicode: