vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Peru at the FIFA World Cup
The South Africa 2010 qualifiers , beginning in 2007 , resulted in another set of problems for the Peruvian team . In their first four games , the team only achieved two ties , both at home , and two losses . Controversies between the FPF and the IPD ( Peruvian Sports Institute ) caused problems outside of the field for the national team . Also a scandal shook the team as it was discovered , with informational support of prominent figures such as Jaime Bayly , that several of the players had been partying during the time they were supposedly `` concentrating '' for a match against Brazil . Since then , Claudio Pizarro ( SV Werder Bremen ) , Jefferson Farfán ( Schalke 04 ) , Andrés Mendoza ( Diyarbakırspor ) and Santiago Acasiete ( UD Almería ) , important figures in the team , were never considered again for the national team by coach José del Solar . The 2008 season resulted with 3 losses , including 6 - 0 loss against Uruguay , 2 draws against Argentina and Colombia , and only 1 game won against Venezuela . In 2009 la blanquirroj could n't revert the situation , being the first team eliminated , at the 14th round . They only won 2 matches during this year , against Uruguay and Bolivia .
Ancient Greek cuisine
Bread wheat , difficult to grow in Mediterranean climates , and the white bread made from it , were associated with the upper classes in the ancient Mediterranean , while the poor ate coarse brown breads made from emmer wheat and barley .
Food pyramid (nutrition)
These controversies prompted the creation of pyramids for specific audiences , particularly the mediterranean pyramid in 1993 and some Vegetarian Diet Pyramids .
Supercompensation
At a first glance , creating effective training programs might look simple . All you need is to determine the intensity level and how long it takes you to get to the supercompensation period . Afterwards , continue training with the intensity level that was determined previously and keep the necessary intervals between workouts required for supercompensation . However , things become more complex because training affects many different bodily functions and parameters . Each bodily function or parameter has a different recovery time , a different amount of time needed to reach peak supercompensation , a different amount of time between supercompensation peak and return to base fitness .
Yuvraj Singh
His issues began with breathing difficulties , nausea and bouts of vomiting blood before India 's successful run through the 2011 World Cup , which he ended as the player of the tournament .
Supercompensation
More complex variations are possible ; for instance , sometimes a few workouts are intentionally made in the recovery period to achieve greater supercompensation effects .
Nutrition facts label
Within Regulation 1924 , there are legal definitions of terms such as `` low fat '' , `` high fibre '' , `` reduced calories '' .
Eating disorder
In various studies such as one conducted by The McKnight Investigators , peer pressure was shown to be a significant contributor to body image concerns and attitudes toward eating among subjects in their teens and early twenties .
Puerto Rican cuisine
During Holy Week before and during Easter , people are encouraged to think more about spiritual matters and eat lightly . Rather than eat meat , they prepare dishes with fish , eggs and dairy .
Height in sports
In horse racing , is it a considerable advantage for a jockey to be both short and light . Having a jockey who is of short stature and light weight makes it easier for the horse to run at top speed without being weighed down . At the Kentucky Derby , for example , a jockey can not exceed 126 pounds , including his equipment . There is no specific height requirement , but due to the weight restrictions , most jockeys stand between 4 ft 10 in ( 1.47 m ) and 5 ft 6 in ( 1.68 m ) . Examples of successful jockeys are Calvin Borel at 5 ft 4 in ( 1.63 m ) , Victor Espinoza at 5 ft 2 in ( 1.57 m ) , and Mario Gutierrez at 5 ft 2 in ( 1.57 m ) .
Ancient Greek cuisine
In the 8th century BC Hesiod describes the ideal country feast in Works and Days :
Fingerprint
A technique proposed in 2007 aims to identify an individual 's ethnicity , gender , and dietary patterns .
Famine
World Bank strictures restrict government subsidies for farmers , and increasing use of fertilizers is opposed by some environmental groups because of its unintended consequences : adverse effects on water supplies and habitat . Norman
Vinegar
Some preliminary research indicates that taking vinegar with food increases satiety and reduces the amount of food consumed . Antimicrobial
List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies
That let the Americans make the last spike to win by two to move to the next round . The Greek team protested , but the officials let the play count . No appeal has been made . Iranian judoka Arash Miresmaili was disqualified after he was found to be overweight before a judo bout against Israeli Ehud Vaks . He had gone on an eating binge the night before in a protest against the IOC 's recognition of the state of Israel . It was reported that Iranian Olympic team chairman Nassrollah Sajadi had suggested that the Iranian government should give him $115,000 ( the amount he would have received if he had won the gold medal ) as a reward for his actions . Then - President of Iran , Mohammad Khatami , who was reported to have said that Arash 's refusal to fight the Israeli would be `` recorded in the history of Iranian glories '' , stated that the nation considered him to be `` the champion of the 2004 Olympic Games . '' Pelle Svensson , a former two - time world champion ( Greco - Roman 100 kg class ) and member of board of FILA from 1990 to 2007 , has described FILA as an inherently corrupt organization . During the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Svensson served as chairman of the disciplinary committee of FILA . As he was watching the final in the men 's Greco - Roman wrestling 84 kg class between Alexei Michine from Russia and Ara Abrahamian from Sweden , Svensson witnessed how the Russian team leader Mikhail Mamiashvili was giving signs to the referee . When Svensson approached him and informed him that this was not allowed according to the rules , Mamiashvili responded by saying : `` you should know that this may lead to your death '' . Svensson later found proof that the Romanian referee was bribed ( according to Svensson the referee had received over one million Swedish krona ) .
Eating disorder
Eleanor Mackey and co-author , Annette M. La Greca of the University of Miami , studied 236 teen girls from public high schools in southeast Florida . `` Teen girls ' concerns about their own weight , about how they appear to others and their perceptions that their peers want them to be thin are significantly related to weight - control behavior '' , says psychologist Eleanor Mackey of the Children 's National Medical Center in Washington and lead author of the study . `` Those are really important . ''
Pierre de Coubertin
However , it is clear that his romanticized vision of the Olympic Games was fundamentally different from that described in the historical record . For example , Coubertin 's idea that participation is more important than winning ( `` L'important c'est de participer '' ) is at odds with the ideals of the Greeks . The Apostle Paul , writing in the first century to Christians in the city of Corinth where the Isthmian Games were held , reflects this in his writings when he says , `` Do you not know that in a race all the runners run , but only one gets the prize ? Run in such a way as to get the prize '' , ( 1 Corinthians 9 : 24 ) .
Japanese cuisine
Dr. Masakazu Tada , Honorary Vice-President of the International Vegetarian Union for 25 years from 1960 , stated that `` Japan was vegetarian for a 1,000 years '' . Although this is not totally true , British journalist J. W. Robertson Scott reported in the 1920s that the society was 90 % vegetarian. 50 -- 60 % of the population ate fish only on festive occasions , probably more because of poverty than for any other reason .
Pierre de Coubertin
As Coubertin prepared for his Congress , he continued to develop a philosophy of the Olympic Games . While he certainly intended the Games to be a forum for competition between amateur athletes , his conception of amateurism was complex . By 1894 , the year the Congress was held , he publicly criticised the type of amateur competition embodied in English rowing contests , arguing that its specific exclusion of working - class athletes was wrong . While he believed that athletes should not be paid to be such , he did think that compensation was in order for the time when athletes were competing and would otherwise have been earning money . Following the establishment of a definition for an amateur athlete at the 1894 Congress , he would continue to argue that this definition should be amended as necessary , and as late as 1909 would argue that the Olympic movement should develop its definition of amateurism gradually .
Pierre de Coubertin
Further , Young asserts that the effort to limit international competition to amateur athletes , which Coubertin was a part of , was in fact part of efforts to give the upper classes greater control over athletic competition , removing such control from the working classes . Coubertin may have played a role in such a movement , but his defenders argue that he did so unconscious of any class repercussions .
Ancient Greek cuisine
The Neoplatonic Porphyrius ( 3rd century ) associates in On Abstinence vegetarianism with the Cretan mystery cults , and gives a census of past vegetarians , starting with the semi-mythical Epimenides . For him , the origin of vegetarianism was Demeter 's gift of wheat to Triptolemus so that he could teach agriculture to humanity . His three commandments were : `` Honour your parents '' , `` Honour the gods with fruit '' , and `` Spare the animals '' .
Height in sports
In bodybuilding competitors are generally average height and below 5 ft 10 in ( 1.78 m ) . In bodybuilding height is often considered a disadvantage due to the fact that smaller bodies have a shorter range of motion in order to lift weights . Smaller bodies also tend to look more filled out compared to taller builds in the same weight class . However , taller people at the professional level tend to have the larger overall body mass . Notable body builders are : Jay Cutler 5 ft 9 in ( 1.75 m ) , Ronnie Coleman 5 ft 11 in ( 1.80 m ) , Phil Heath 5 ft 9 in ( 1.75 m ) and Franco Columbu 5 ft 3 in ( 1.60 m ) , who have held many world records .
Fitness culture
There is a decrease in popularity of `` pure aerobics '' exercises . The attention is moving from aerobics , bodybuilding and traditional technique of exercises , to new forms of exercises such as :
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
Most researchers use a measure of EPOC as a natural part of the quantification or measurement of exercise and recovery energy expenditure ; to others this is not deemed necessary . After a single bout or set of weight lifting , Scott et al. found considerable contributions of EPOC to total energy expenditure . In their 2004 survey of the relevant literature , Meirelles and Gomes found : `` In summary , EPOC resulting from a single resistance exercise session ( i.e. , many lifts ) does not represent a great impact on energy balance ; however , its cumulative effect may be relevant '' . This is echoed by Reynolds and Kravitz in their survey of the literature where they remarked : `` the overall weight - control benefits of EPOC , for men and women , from participation in resistance exercise occur over a significant time period , since kilocalories are expended at a low rate in the individual post-exercise sessions . ''
Semen
Qigong and Chinese medicine place huge emphasis on a form of energy called 精 ( pinyin : jīng , also a morpheme denoting `` essence '' or `` spirit '' ) -- which one attempts to develop and accumulate . `` Jing '' is sexual energy and is considered to dissipate with ejaculation so masturbation is considered `` energy suicide '' amongst those who practice this art . According to Qigong theory , energy from many pathways / meridians becomes diverted and transfers itself to the sexual organs during sexual excitement . The ensuing orgasm and ejaculation will then finally expel the energy from the system completely . The Chinese proverb 一滴 精 , 十 滴 血 ( pinyin : yì dī jīng , shí dī xuè , literally : a drop of semen is equal to ten drops of blood ) illustrates this point .
Spartan army
Spartans trained in pankration , a famous martial art in Ancient Greece that consisted of boxing and grappling . Spartans were so adept in pankration that , when it was inducted in the Olympic Games , they were mostly forbidden to compete .
Vaishnavism
The Varkari movement includes a duty - based approach towards life , emphasising moral behavior and strict avoidance of alcohol and tobacco , the adoption of a strict lacto - vegetarian diet and fasting on Ekadashi day ( twice a month ) , self - restraint ( brahmacharya ) during student life , equality and humanity for all rejecting discrimination based on the caste system or wealth , the reading of Hindu texts , the recitation of the Haripath every day and the regular practice of bhajan and kirtan . The most important festivals of Vithoba are held on the eleventh ( ekadashi ) day of the lunar months '' Shayani Ekadashi in the month of Ashadha , and Prabodhini Ekadashi in the month of Kartik .
List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies
Seven countries boycotted the Games for three different reasons . Egypt , Iraq , and Lebanon announced that they would not participate in response to the Suez Crisis when Egypt was invaded by Israel , the United Kingdom , and France after Egypt nationalized the Suez canal . The Netherlands , Spain , and Switzerland withdrew to protest the Soviet Union 's invasion of Hungary during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and the Soviet presence at the Games . Less than two weeks before the Opening Ceremony , the People 's Republic of China also chose to boycott the event , protesting the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) being allowed to compete ( under the name `` Formosa '' ) . The political frustrations between the Soviet Union and Hungary boiled over at the games themselves when the two men 's water polo teams met for the semi-final . The players became increasingly violent towards one another as the game progressed , while many Hungarian spectators were prevented from rioting only by the sudden appearance of the police . The match became known as the Blood in the Water match . The advent of the state - sponsored `` full - time amateur athlete '' of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur , as it put the self - financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage . The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students , soldiers , or working in a profession , but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full - time basis . Nevertheless , the IOC held to the traditional rules regarding amateurism . Due to quarantine issues , the equestrian events were held in Stockholm , Sweden .
Olympic Games
In July 2012 , the Anti-Defamation League called the continued refusal by the International Olympic Committee to hold a moment of silence at the opening ceremony for the eleven Israeli athletes killed by Palestinian terrorists at the 1972 Munich Olympics , `` a continuing stubborn insensitivity and callousness to the memory of the murdered Israeli athletes . ''
Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest
News sources typically use puns in head - lines and copy referring to the contest , such as `` ' Tsunami ' is eating contest 's top dog again , '' `` could n't cut the mustard '' ( A.P. ) , `` Nathan 's King ready , with relish '' ( Daily News ) and `` To be frank , Fridge faces a real hot - dog consumer '' ( ESPN ) .
Fitness culture
The popularity of personal trainers can be explained by the analysis of rule - governed behaviour in terms of evolutionary thinking . From this perspective , personal trainers act as speaker to give rules , while trainees are listeners to follow the rules . Much human behaviour starts out from rule - governed behaviour and switches to long - term control . Whether the trainees will continue the training depends on the reinforcement by following the rule of personal trainers , because being fit and bodily well - being is a long - term contingency of fitness activities .
Height in sports
Professional sumo wrestlers are required to be at least 1.73 m ( 5 ft 8 in ) tall . Some aspiring sumo athletes have silicone implants added to the tops of their heads to reach the necessary height . The average height for a sumo wrestler is 1.80 m ( 5 ft 11 in ) , far above the national average in Japan .
New Orleans Pelicans
-- 09 -- 13 Kansas 7001330000000000000 ♠ 33 Green , Garlon 7000200659999999999 ♠ 6 ft 7 in ( 2.01 m ) 215 lb ( 98 kg ) 1991 -- 01 -- 11 TCU 7001440000000000000 ♠ 44 Hill , Solomon 7000200659999999999 ♠ 6 ft 7 in ( 2.01 m ) 225 lb ( 102 kg ) 1991 -- 03 -- 18 Arizona 7001110000000000000 ♠ 11 Holiday , Jrue 7000193040000000000 ♠ 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) 205 lb ( 93 kg ) 1990 -- 06 -- 12 UCLA 7001150000000000000 ♠ 15 Jackson , Frank 7000190500000000000 ♠ 6 ft 3 in ( 1.91 m ) 205 lb ( 93 kg ) 1998 -- 05 -- 04 Duke 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 Liggins , DeAndre 7000198120000000000 ♠ 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) 209 lb ( 95 kg ) 1988 -- 03 -- 31 Kentucky 7001210000000000000 ♠ 21 Miller , Darius 7000203200000000000 ♠ 6 ft 8
Long jump
Training styles , duration , and intensity vary immensely from athlete to athlete and are based on the experience and strength of the athlete as well as on their coaching style .
Platypus
When not in the water , the platypus retires to a short , straight resting burrow of oval cross-section , nearly always in the riverbank not far above water level , and often hidden under a protective tangle of roots .
Rabbit
Rabbits graze heavily and rapidly for roughly the first half - hour of a grazing period ( usually in the late afternoon ) , followed by about half an hour of more selective feeding . In this time , the rabbit will also excrete many hard fecal pellets , being waste pellets that will not be reingested . If the environment is relatively non-threatening , the rabbit will remain outdoors for many hours , grazing at intervals . While out of the burrow , the rabbit will occasionally reingest its soft , partially digested pellets ; this is rarely observed , since the pellets are reingested as they are produced . Play
Mourning dove
Most nests are in trees , both deciduous and coniferous . Sometimes , they can be found in shrubs , vines , or on artificial constructs like buildings , or hanging flower pots . When there is no suitable elevated object , mourning doves will nest on the ground .
Desert tortoise
Desert tortoises spend most of their lives in burrows , rock shelters , and pallets to regulate body temperature and reduce water loss . Burrows are tunnels dug into soil by desert tortoises or other animals , rock shelters are spaces protected by rocks and / or boulders , and pallets are depressions in the soil . The use of the various shelter types is related to their availability and climate . The number of burrows used , the extent of repetitive use , and the occurrence of burrow sharing are variable . Males tend to occupy deeper burrows than females . Seasonal trends in burrow use are influenced by desert tortoise gender and regional variation . Desert tortoise shelter sites are often associated with plant or rock cover . Desert tortoises often lay their eggs in nests dug in sufficiently deep soil at the entrance of burrows or under shrubs . Nests are typically 3 to 10 inches ( 7.6 to 25.4 centimetres ) deep .
Desert tortoise
Desert tortoises can live in areas with ground temperatures exceeding 140 ° F ( 60 ° C ) because of their ability to dig underground burrows and escape the heat . At least 95 % of their lives are spent in burrows . There , they are also protected from freezing winter weather while dormant , from November through February or March . Within their burrows , these tortoises create a subterranean environment that can be beneficial to other reptiles , mammals , birds , and invertebrates .
Prairie dog
From Josiah Gregg 's journal , Commerce of the Prairies : `` Of all the prairie animals , by far the most curious , and by no means the least celebrated , is the little prairie dog ... The flesh , though often eaten by travelers , is not esteemed savory . It was denominated the ' barking squirrel ' , the ' prairie ground - squirrel ' , etc. , by early explorers , with much more apparent propriety than the present established name . Its yelp , which resembles that of the little toy - dog , seems its only canine attribute . It rather appears to occupy a middle ground betwixt the rabbit and squirrel -- like the former in feeding and burrowing -- like the latter in frisking , flirting , sitting erect , and somewhat so in its barking . The prairie dog has been reckoned by some naturalists a species of the marmot ( arctomys ludoviciana ) ; yet it seems to possess scarce any other quality in common with this animal except that of burrowing ... I have the concurrent testimony of several persons , who have been upon the Prairies in winter , that , like rabbits and squirrels , they issue from their holes every soft day ; and therefore lay up no doubt a hoard of ' hay ' ( as there is rarely anything else to be found in the vicinity of their towns ) for winter 's use . A collection of their burrows has been termed by travelers a ' dog town , ' which comprises from a dozen or so , to some thousands in the same vicinity ; often covering an area of several square miles . They generally locate upon firm dry plains , coated with fine short grass , upon which they feed ; for they are no doubt exclusively herbivorous . But even when tall coarse grass surrounds , they seem commonly to destroy this within their ' streets , ' which are nearly always found ' paved ' with a fine species suited to their palates . They must need but little water , if any at all , as their ' towns ' are often , indeed generally , found in the midst of the most arid plains -- unless we suppose they dig down to subterranean fountains . At least they evidently burrow remarkably deep . Attempts either to dig or drown them out of their holes have generally proved unsuccessful .
Prairie dog
Prairie dog burrows are 5 -- 10 m ( 16 -- 33 ft ) long and 2 -- 3 m ( 6.6 -- 9.8 ft ) below the ground . The entrance holes are generally 10 -- 30 cm ( 3.9 -- 11.8 in ) in diameter . Prairie dog burrows can have up to six entrances . Sometimes the entrances are simply flat holes in the ground , while at other times they are surrounded by mounds of soil either left as piles or hard packed . Some mounds , known as dome craters , can be as high as 20 -- 30 cm ( 7.9 -- 11.8 in ) high . Other mounds , known as rim craters , can be as high as 1 m . Dome craters and rim craters serve as observation posts used by the animals to watch for predators . They also protect the burrows from flooding . The holes also possibly provide ventilation as the air enters through the dome crater and leaves through the rim crater , causing a breeze though the burrow . Prairie dog burrows contain chambers to provide certain functions . They have nursery chambers for their young , chambers for night , and chambers for the winter . They also contain air chambers that may function to protect the burrow from flooding and a listening post for predators . When hiding from predators , prairie dogs use less - deep chambers that are usually a meter below the surface . Nursery chambers tend to be deeper , being two to three meters below the surface .