vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
History of Maryland
H.L. Mencken ( 1880 -- 1956 ) was the state 's iconoclastic writer and intellectual trendsetter . In 1922 the `` Sage of Baltimore '' praised the state for its `` singular and various beauty from the stately estuaries of the Chesapeake to the peaks of the Blue Ridge . '' He happily reported that Providence had spared Maryland the harsh weather , the decay , the intractable social problems of other states . Statistically , Maryland held tightly to the middle ground -- in population , value of manufacturers , percentage of native whites , the proportion of Catholics , the first and last annual frost . Everywhere he looked he found Maryland in the middle . In national politics it worked sometimes with the northern Republicans , other times with southern Democrats . This average quality perhaps represented a national ideal toward which other states were striving . Nevertheless , Mencken sensed something was wrong . `` Men are ironed out . Ideas are suspect . No one appears to be happy . Life is dull . ''
Missouri
Located in Tornado Alley , Missouri also receives extreme weather in the form of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes . The most recent tornado in the state to cause damage and casualties was the 2011 Joplin tornado , which destroyed roughly one - third of the city of Joplin . The tornado caused an estimated $1 -- 3 billion in damages , killed 159 ( + 1 non-tornadic ) , and injured over 1,000 people . It was the first EF5 to hit the state since 1957 and the deadliest in the U.S. since 1947 , making it the seventh deadliest tornado in American history and 27th deadliest in the world . St. Louis and its suburbs also have a history of experiencing particularly severe tornadoes , the most recent memorable one being an EF4 tornado that damaged Lambert - St. Louis International Airport on April 22 , 2011 . One of the worst tornadoes in American history struck St. Louis on May 27 , 1896 , killing at least 255 and causing $10 mil . damage ( $3.9 bil . damage in 2009 ) or $4.45 billion in today 's dollars .
Starving Time
Viewing the fort , we found the palisades torn down , the ports open , the gates from off the hinges , and the empty houses ( which owners had taken from them ) rent up and burnt , rather than the dwellers would step into the woods a stone 's cast off from them to fetch other firewood . And it is true , the Native Americans killed as fast without , if our men stirred but beyond the bounds of their blockhouse , ... --
Vermont
Climate change appears to be affecting the maple sugar industry . Sugar maples have been subject to stress by acid rain , asian longhorn beetles , pear thrips , and , in 2011 , an excessive deer herd that is forced to eat bark in the winter . These maples need a certain amount of cold to produce sap for maple syrup . The time to tap these trees has shrunk to one week in some years . The tree may be replaced by the more aggressive Norway maples , in effect forcing the sugar maples to `` migrate '' north to Canada .
Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Florida
The Naples Airport was severely damaged by the hurricane , while areas like Immokalee and East Naples suffered extreme and widespread roof damage to numerous homes and communities . Out of the 170 signaled intersections in Collier County , 130 were destroyed . There was damage to the 90 high - rise condominiums in Coastal Naples , where some levels were blown out completely by the high winds brought by the storm . Ninety percent of all mobile homes in East Naples were destroyed , while 30 % of the mobile homes in all of Collier County suffered the same fate . Widespread roof damage was evident across the county even outside the City of Naples . At least three deaths were blamed on Hurricane Wilma in Collier County , and widespread wind and water damage is commonplace . One tornado was spawned in Collier County .
Dust Bowl
Spearman and Hansford County have been literaly ( sic ) in a cloud of dust for the past week . Ever since Friday of last week , there has n't been a day pass but what the county was beseieged ( sic ) with a blast of wind and dirt . On rare occasions when the wind did subside for a period of hours , the air has been so filled with dust that the town appeared to be overhung by a fog cloud . Because of this long seige of dust and every building being filled with it , the air has become stifling to breathe and many people have developed sore throats and dust colds as a result . '' --
Savannah, Georgia
Savannah has consistently been named one of `` America 's Favorite Cities '' by Travel + Leisure . In 2012 , the magazine rated Savannah highest in `` Quality of Life and Visitor Experience . '' Savannah was also ranked first for `` Public Parks and Outdoor Access , '' visiting in the Fall , and as a romantic escape . Savannah was also named as America 's second - best city for `` Cool Buildings and Architecture , '' behind only Chicago .
Balkans
Most of the area is covered by mountain ranges running from the northwest to southeast . The main ranges are the Balkan mountains , running from the Black Sea coast in Bulgaria to its border with Serbia , the Rhodope mountains in southern Bulgaria and northern Greece , the Dinaric Alps in Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia and Montenegro , the Šar massif which spreads from Albania to Macedonia , and the Pindus range , spanning from southern Albania into central Greece and the Albanian Alps . The highest mountain of the region is Rila in Bulgaria , with Musala at 2925 m , Mount Olympus in Greece , the throne of Zeus , being second at 2917 m and Vihren in Bulgaria being the third at 2914 m . The karst field or polje is a common feature of the landscape .
Rocky Mountains
Immediately after the Laramide orogeny , the Rockies were like Tibet : a high plateau , probably 6,000 metres ( 20,000 ft ) above sea level . In the last 60 million years , erosion stripped away the high rocks , revealing the ancestral rocks beneath , and forming the current landscape of the Rockies . Glaciers
Rocky Mountains
The adjacent Columbia Mountains in British Columbia contain major resorts such as Panorama and Kicking Horse , as well as Mount Revelstoke National Park and Glacier National Park .
Rocky Mountains
In 1739 , French fur traders Pierre and Paul Mallet , while journeying through the Great Plains , discovered a range of mountains at the headwaters of the Platte River , which local American Indian tribes called the `` Rockies '' , becoming the first Europeans to report on this uncharted mountain range . Sir
Balkans
The Balkan Peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic Sea on the northwest , the Ionian Sea on the southwest , the Aegean Sea in the south and southeast , and the Black Sea on the east and northeast . The northern border of the peninsula is variously defined . The highest point of the Balkans is Mount Musala , 2,925 metres ( 9,596 ft ) , in the Rila mountain range .
Cherokee
The Connestee people , believed to be ancestors of the Cherokee , occupied western North Carolina circa 200 to 600 CE .
Balkans
Over the centuries many woods have been cut down and replaced with bush . In the southern part and on the coast there is evergreen vegetation . Inland there are woods typical of Central Europe ( oak and beech , and in the mountains , spruce , fir and pine ) . The tree line in the mountains lies at the height of 1800 -- 2300 m . The land provides habitats for numerous endemic species , including extraordinarily abundant insects and reptiles that serve as food for a variety of birds of prey and rare vultures .
Rocky Mountains
Glacier National Park in Montana and Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta border each other and collectively are known as Waterton - Glacier International Peace Park . ( See also International Peace Park . )
Lake District
The first group includes England 's highest mountains : Scafell Pike in the centre , at 978 m ( 3,209 ft ) and Scafell one mile ( 1.6 km ) to the southwest . Though it is slightly lower it has a 700 ft ( 210 m ) rockface , Scafell Crag , on its northern side . It also includes the Wastwater Screes overlooking Wasdale , the Glaramara ridge overlooking Borrowdale , the three tops of Crinkle Crags , Bowfell and Esk Pike . The core of the area is drained by the infant River Esk . Collectively these are some of the Lake District 's most rugged hillsides .
Rocky Mountains
There are numerous provincial parks in the British Columbia Rockies , the largest and most notable being Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park , Mount Robson Provincial Park , Northern Rocky Mountains Provincial Park , Kwadacha Wilderness Provincial Park , Stone Mountain Provincial Park and Muncho Lake Provincial Park .
Lake District
The Eastern Fells consist of a long north - to - south ridge , the Helvellyn range , running from Clough Head to Seat Sandal with the 950 m ( 3,118 ft ) Helvellyn at its highest point . The western slopes of these summits tend to be grassy , with rocky corries and crags on the eastern side . The Fairfield group lies to the south of the range , and forms a similar pattern with towering rock faces and hidden valleys spilling into the Patterdale valley . It culminates in the height of Red Screes overlooking the Kirkstone Pass . Far
Pennsylvania Turnpike
Again heading east , the road passes under Kittatinny Mountain through the Kittatinny Mountain Tunnel . Shortly after exiting the tunnel , the highway enters the Blue Mountain Tunnel under Blue Mountain . Leaving that tunnel , the turnpike heads northeast along the base of Blue Mountain to an exit for PA 997 . East of this interchange the road enters Cumberland County , heading east through the Cumberland Valley on a stretch known as `` the straightaway '' . Further east , the turnpike reaches Carlisle and an interchange with US 11 providing access to I - 81 .
Rocky Mountains
See also : List of U.S. Rocky Mountain ski resorts , List of Alberta ski resorts , List of B.C. ski resorts
Yosemite National Park
The high country of Yosemite contains beautiful areas such as Tuolumne Meadows , Dana Meadows , the Clark Range , the Cathedral Range , and the Kuna Crest . The Sierra crest and the Pacific Crest Trail run through Yosemite , with peaks of red metamorphic rock , such as Mount Dana and Mount Gibbs , and granite peaks , such as Mount Conness . Mount Lyell is the highest point in the park , standing at 13,120 feet ( 4,000 m ) . The Lyell Glacier is the largest glacier in Yosemite National Park and is one of the few remaining in the Sierra Nevada today .
List of the highest major summits of the United States
The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways :
Catalonia
The Catalan Pyrenees represent almost half in length of the Pyrenees , as it extends more than 200 kilometres ( 120 miles ) . Traditionally differentiated the Axial Pyrenees ( the main part ) and the Pre-Pyrenees ( southern from the Axial ) which are mountainous formations parallel to the main mountain ranges but with lower altitudes , less steep and a different geological formation . The highest mountain of Catalonia , located north of the comarca of Pallars Sobirà is the Pica d'Estats ( 3,143 m ) , followed by the Puigpedrós ( 2,914 &nbspm ) . On the Pre-Pyrenees is located the Serra del Cadí , that separates the valley of Cerdanya from the Central Depression .
Ural Mountains
The Nether - Polar Ural are higher , and up to 150 km ( 93 mi ) wider than the Polar Urals . They include the highest peaks of the range : Mount Narodnaya ( 1,895 m ( 6,217 ft ) ) , Mount Karpinsky ( 1,878 m ( 6,161 ft ) ) and Manaraga ( 1,662 m ( 5,453 ft ) ) . They extend for more than 225 km ( 140 mi ) south to the Shchugor River . The many ridges are sawtooth shaped and dissected by river valleys . Both Polar and Nether - Polar Urals are typically Alpine ; they bear traces of Pleistocene glaciation , along with permafrost and extensive modern glaciation , including 143 extant glaciers .
Rocky Mountains
Banff National Park Jasper National Park Kootenay National Park Waterton Lakes National Park Yoho National Park
Pennsylvania Turnpike
In this county , the road continues southeast to Somerset and an interchange with PA 601 accessing US 219 and Johnstown . East of Somerset the highway reaches Allegheny Mountain , going under it in the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel . Exiting the tunnel , the turnpike winds down the mountain at a three - percent grade , which is the steepest grade on the turnpike , and heads into Bedford County , passing through a valley . At Bedford , an exit for US 220 Business ( US 220 Bus . ) provides access to US 220 and the southern terminus of I - 99 ; this exit also serves Altoona to the north . Eastbound
Yosemite National Park
With its scrubby sun - baked chaparral , stately groves of pine , fir , and sequoia , and expanses of alpine woodlands and meadows , Yosemite National Park preserves a Sierra Nevada landscape as it prevailed before Euro - American settlement . In contrast to surrounding lands , which have been significantly altered by logging , the park still contains some 225,510 acres ( 91,260 ha ) of old - growth forest . Taken together , the park 's varied habitats support over 250 species of vertebrates , which include fish , amphibians , reptiles , birds , and mammals . California
Joshua Tree National Park
Of the park 's six blocks of mountains , five -- the Little San Bernardino , Hexie , Pinto , Cottonwood , and Eagle -- are among the Transverse Ranges , which trend generally east -- west in locations between the Eagle Mountains on the east and the northern Channel Islands , in the Pacific Ocean west of Santa Barbara , on the west . Tectonic forces along the San Andreas Fault system compressed and lifted the crust material that formed these ranges . The San Andreas Fault itself passes southwest of the park , but related parallel faults including the Dillon , Blue Cut , and Pinto , run through the park , and movements along them have caused earthquakes . The easternmost range in the park , the Coxcomb Mountains , runs generally north -- south and is part of the Basin and Range Province .
Savannah, Georgia
The Port of Savannah , manufacturing , the military , and tourism have become Savannah 's four major economic drivers in the twenty - first century . In 2006 , the Savannah Area Convention & Visitors Bureau reported over 6.85 million visitors to the city during the year . By 2011 , the Bureau reported that the number of visitors the city attracted increased to 12.1 million . Lodging , dining , entertainment , and visitor - related transportation account for over $2 billion in visitors ' spending per year and employ over 17,000 .
Vermont
In 2011 , 91,000 seniors received an annual average of $14,000 from Social Security . This was 59 % of the average senior 's income . This contributed $1.7 billion to the state 's economy .
Missouri
The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Missouri 's total state product in 2006 was $225.9 billion . per capita personal income in 2006 was $32,705 , ranking 26th in the nation . Major industries include aerospace , transportation equipment , food processing , chemicals , printing / publishing , electrical equipment , light manufacturing , financial services and beer .
History of Arkansas
Changing racial attitudes and growth in jobs have created a New Great Migration of African Americans back to metropolitan areas in the developing South , especially to such states as Georgia , North Carolina and Texas . These have developed many knowledge industry jobs .
Michigan
As leading research institutions , the University of Michigan , Michigan State University , and Wayne State University are important partners in the state 's economy and its University Research Corridor . Michigan 's public universities attract more than $1.5 B in research and development grants each year . The National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory is located at Michigan State University . Michigan 's workforce is well - educated and highly skilled , making it attractive to companies . It has the third highest number of engineering graduates nationally .
Economy of Scotland
Scotland builds around 24,000 new homes per year , about 0.1 % of its existing dwelling stock . The home building industry in Scotland directly and indirectly contributed around £ 5 billion to the Scottish economy in 2006 -- about 2 % of GDP -- greater than that of higher profile industries such as agriculture , fishing , electronics and tourism . The net value of new building and repairs , maintenance and improvements combined is just under £ 11.6 billion , which is about 4.5 % of Scottish GDP .
Midwestern United States
A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad . Manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant , influencing the American economy .
Wales
Over the last 250 years , Wales has been transformed first from a predominantly agricultural country to an industrial , and now a post-industrial economy . Since the Second World War , the service sector has come to account for the majority of jobs , a feature typifying most advanced economies . Total headline Gross Value Added ( GVA ) in Wales in 2010 was £ 45.5 billion , or £ 15,145 per head of population ; 74.0 per cent of the average for the UK total , the lowest GVA per head in the UK . In the three months to July 2010 , the employment rate for working - age adults in Wales was 67 per cent , compared to 70.7 per cent across the UK as a whole .
List of U.S. states and territories by population
3.0 % 11 ! NEast 61 ! Northeast 63 ! 4 06 ! 56,470,581 63 ! 4 06 ! 55,317,240 63 ! 4 05 ! 53,594,378 63 ! 4 55 ! 3.2 % 12 ! USA 09 ! Florida 04 ! 4 16 ! 19,552,860 04 ! 4 16 ! 18,801,310 04 ! 4 17 ! 15,982,378 08 ! 8 09 ! 17.6 % 13 ! SAtl 10 ! Georgia 08 ! 8 22 ! 9,992,167 09 ! 9 23 ! 9,687,653 10 ! 10 24 ! 8,186,453 07 ! 7 08 ! 18.3 % 14 ! SAtl 33 ! North Carolina 10 ! 10 24 ! 9,848,060 10 ! 10 24 ! 9,535,483 11 ! 11 25 ! 8,049,313 06 ! 6 07 ! 18.5 % 15 ! SAtl 46 ! Virginia 12 ! 12 26 ! 8,260,405 12 ! 12 26 ! 8,001,024 12 ! 12 26 ! 7,078,515 16 ! 16 21 ! 13.0 % 16 ! SAtl 20 ! Maryland 19 ! 19 33 ! 5,928,814 19 ! 19 33 ! 5,773,552 19 ! 19 33 ! 5,296,486 23 ! 23 30 ! 9.0 % 17 ! SAtl 40 ! South Carolina 24 ! 24 38 ! 4,774,839 24 ! 24 38 ! 4,625,364 26 ! 26 41 ! 4,012,012 10 ! 10 13 !
Michigan
Michigan was second in the U.S. in 2004 for new corporate facilities and expansions . From 1997 to 2004 , Michigan was the only state to top the 10,000 mark for the number of major new developments ; however , the effects of the late 2000s recession have slowed the state 's economy . In 2008 , Michigan placed third in a site selection survey among the states for luring new business which measured capital investment and new job creation per one million population . In August 2009 , Michigan and Detroit 's auto industry received $1.36 B in grants from the U.S. Department of Energy for the manufacture of electric vehicle technologies which is expected to generate 6,800 immediate jobs and employ 40,000 in the state by 2020 . From 2007 to 2009 , Michigan ranked 3rd in the U.S. for new corporate facilities and expansions .
Southern United States
This economic expansion has enabled parts of the South to report some of the lowest unemployment rates in the United States . But in the U.S. top ten of poorest big cities , the South is represented in the rankings by two cities : Miami , Florida and Memphis , Tennessee . In 2011 , nine out of ten poorest states were in the South .
Great Lakes region
Great Lakes region State or Province 2008 GDP millions of USD % New York 7006114108800000000 ♠ 1,141,088 25.2 Illinois 7005633697000000000 ♠ 633,697 14.0 Ontario 7005584460000000000 ♠ 584,460 12.9 Pennsylvania 7005553301000000000 ♠ 553,301 12.2 Ohio 7005471508000000000 ♠ 471,508 10.4 Michigan 7005382544000000000 ♠ 382,544 8.4 Minnesota 7005262847000000000 ♠ 262,847 5.8 Indiana 7005254861000000000 ♠ 254,861 5.6 Wisconsin 7005240429000000000 ♠ 240,429 5.3 TOTAL 7006452812800000000 ♠ 4,528,128 100.00
Oklahoma
In 2010 , Oklahoma City - based Love 's Travel Stops & Country Stores ranked 18th on the Forbes list of largest private companies , Tulsa - based QuikTrip ranked 37th , and Oklahoma City - based Hobby Lobby ranked 198th in 2010 report . Oklahoma 's gross domestic product grew from $131.9 billion in 2006 to $147.5 billion in 2010 , a jump of 10.6 percent . Oklahoma 's gross domestic product per capita was $35,480 in 2010 , which was ranked 40th among the states .
Economy of Scotland
Centred primarily on the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow , the financial services industry in Scotland grew by over 35 % between 2000 and 2005 . The financial services sector employs around 95,000 people and generates £ 7bn or 7 % of Scotland 's GDP . The
Michigan
The U.S. Economic Development Administration estimated Michigan 's 2014 gross state product to be $417.306 billion , ranking 13th out of the 50 states . According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , as of October 2015 , the state 's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate is estimated at 5.0 % .
Bay of Plenty
Overall economic growth in the Bay of Plenty averaged 2.1 % between March 2000 and 2004 , compared with the national rate of 3.5 % , although per capita real GDP growth in the five years to March 2003 matched the national growth rate at an averaged 2.3 % . In the 2006 Census , the median annual income was $22,600 , below the national median of $24,400 . Further , 45.4 % of people aged 15 years or older earned an annual income of less than $20,000 , compared with 43.2 % of people nationally . Unemployment was at 6.1 % of people 15 years or older , compared with 5.1 % nationally .
Household income in the United States
$48,259 $50,043 $47,548 $43,425 27 Rhode Island $55,701 $54,119 $55,701 $53,568 $52,003 28 Wisconsin $55,425 $49,993 $52,094 $50,578 $48,874 29 South Dakota $55,065 $45,043 $46,032 $43,424 $44,624 30 Kansas $54,865 $47,817 $50,177 $47,451 $44,264 31 Michigan $54,203 $45,255 $48,591 $47,950 $47,064 32 Ohio $53,301 $45,395 $47,988 $46,597 $45,837 33 Arizona $52,248 $48,745 $50,958 $49,889 $46,729 34 Nevada $52,008 $53,341 $56,361 $55,062 $50,819 35 Indiana $51,983 $45,424 $47,966 $47,448 $44,806 36 Idaho $51,624 $44,926 $47,576 $46,253 $46,395 37 Montana $51,395 $42,322 $43,654 $43,531 $38,629 38 North Carolina $50,797 $43,674 $46,549 $44,670 $42,061 39 Georgia
Yemen
Yemen as of 2013 had a GDP ( ppp ) of US $61.63 billion , with an income per capita of $2,500 . Services are the largest economic sector ( 61.4 % of GDP ) , followed by the industrial sector ( 30.9 % ) , and agriculture ( 7.7 % ) . Of these , petroleum production represents around 25 % of GDP and 63 % of the government 's revenue .
Economy of Scotland
The figures below come from Eurostat ( 2013 ) and are denoted in Euros , it notes the economic position of Scottish regions in terms of GDP and GDP per capita . It should also be noted that the Scottish figures exclude offshore oil revenue . There are 26 areas in the UK where the GDP per person is under € 20,000 .
Midwestern United States
In addition to manufacturing , printing , publishing , and food processing also play major roles in the Midwest 's largest economy . Chicago was the base of commercial operations for industrialists John Crerar , John Whitfield Bunn , Richard Teller Crane , Marshall Field , John Farwell , Julius Rosenwald and many other commercial visionaries who laid the foundation for Midwestern and global industry .
Oklahoma
The state 's 2006 per capita personal income ranked 37th at $32,210 , though it has the third fastest - growing per capita income in the nation and ranks consistently among the lowest states in cost of living index . The Oklahoma City suburb Nichols Hills is first on Oklahoma locations by per capita income at $73,661 , though Tulsa County holds the highest average . In 2011 , 7.0 % of Oklahomans were under the age of 5 , 24.7 % under 18 , and 13.7 % were 65 or older . Females made up 50.5 % of the population .