vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Gun laws in the United States by state
Subject / Law Long guns Handguns Relevant statutes Notes State permit required to purchase ? No No Firearm registration ? No No Assault weapon law ? No No Magazine Capacity Restriction ? No No Owner license required ? No No Concealed Carry permits required ? No Yes / No Montana 45 - 8 - 321 Montana is a `` shall issue '' state for citizens and permanent lawful residents who are 18 years old . The law was challenged for previously denying non-citizens permits . The lawsuit was put on hold to give the legislature to opportunity to pass a bill to include permanent lawful residents . Such bill was signed by the governor on April 7 , 2017 . Concealed carry without a permit is generally allowed outside city , town , or logging camp limits . Open Carry ? Yes Yes May carry openly without permit / license . State Preemption of local restrictions ? Yes Yes M.C.A 45 - 8 - 351 Complete state preemption of firearms laws except localities may regulate the carrying of concealed or openly carried firearms to a public assembly , a publicly owned building , a park under its jurisdiction or a school . Localities may also regulate the possession of firearms by felons , minors , illegal aliens , or the mentally incompetent . NFA weapons restricted ? No No Permitted as long such possession is in compliance with all federal regulations . Peaceable Journey laws ? Yes Yes Background checks required for private sales ? No No Missoula enacted a universal background check ordinance in 2016 , however Attorney General Tim Fox has opined that the ordinance is unlawful .
New Jersey
Note : Births in table do n't add up , because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race , giving a higher overall number .
New Mexico
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Right-to-work law
Twenty - two states , as well as the District of Columbia , do not have right - to - work laws .
Gun laws in the United States by state
Subject / Law Long guns Handguns Relevant Statutes Notes State permit required to purchase ? No No - Private sales legal , no waiting period . Firearm registration ? No No -- None Assault weapon law ? No No -- None Owner license required ? No No § 21 - 1273 , § 21 - 1276 , § 21 - 1283 , None Carry permits required ? No Yes § 21 - 1277 , § 21 - 1272 , § 21 - 1278 , § 21 - 1290.5 Concealed carry of loaded handguns permitted ; open carry became lawful with permit as of November 1st , 2012 . Unlicensed public carry of unloaded handguns and long arms by persons eligible to possess firearms is allowed under some circumstances . Open carry permitted ? No Yes § 21 - 1290 Open carry is permitted with a handgun carry license . State Preemption of local restrictions ? Yes Yes § 21 - 1289.24 -- NFA weapons restricted ? No No § 21 - 1289.18 Short barreled rifles and shotguns are illegal to possess under state law unless registered under the NFA , ownership and possession of automatic firearms is legal under state law . Shall Certify ? Yes Yes § 21 - 1289.30 Shall certify within 15 days . Background checks required for private sales ? No No
Illinois
Since 2016 , data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected , but included in one Hispanic group ; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race .
Standing (law)
State law on standing differs substantially from federal law and varies considerably from state to state . California
Turn on red
Five other states , namely Alaska , Idaho , Michigan , Oregon and Washington , allow left turns on red onto a one - way street even from a two - way street .
Equal Rights Amendment
Massachusetts - All people are born free and equal , and have certain natural , essential , and unalienable rights ; among which may be reckoned the right of enjoying and defending their lives and liberties ; that of acquiring , possessing and protecting property ; in fine , that of seeking and obtaining their safety and happiness . Equality under the law shall not be denied or abridged because of sex , race , color , creed or national origin . Massachusetts Constitution , Part 1 , Article 1 as amended by Article CVI by vote of the People , ( 1976 )
List of smoking bans in the United States
Statewide smoking ban : On May 1 , 2007 , the Smoke Free Arizona Act ( Proposition 201 ) went into effect after passage by 54.7 % of voters the prior November , banning smoking in all enclosed workplaces and within 20 feet ( 6.1 m ) of an entrance or exit of such a place , including bars and restaurants , only exempting private residences , retail tobacco stores , private clubs , smoking associated with American Indian religious ceremonies , outdoor patios , and stage / film / television performances ; local governments may enact stricter regulations than the state . The law does not cover businesses located on Indian Reservations , as the reservations are sovereign nations .
Gun laws in the United States by state
Subject / Law Long guns Handguns Relevant Statutes Notes State permit required to purchase ? No No Firearm registration ? No No Assault weapon law ? No No Magazine Capacity Restriction ? No No Owner license required ? No No Carry permits required ? No No Residents may carry open or concealed without a permit however , permits are issued on a shall - issue basis to those who wish to have them . Non-residents are required to have a CCW permit from a state Wyoming recognizes if they wish to carry concealed . Open carry ? Yes Yes No permit required for both residents and non-residents . State Preemption of local restrictions ? Yes Yes NFA weapons restricted ? No No Background checks required for private sales ? No No
Overview of gun laws by nation
The carrying of weapons , either openly or concealed , is regulated by the states , and these laws have changed rapidly over the past decade . As of 2016 , most states grant licenses to carry handguns on a shall - issue basis to qualified applicants . A few states leave the issuance of carry permits to the discretion of issuing authorities ( called may - issue ) , while eleven states allow the carrying of firearms in a concealed manner without a permit ( called Constitutional carry ) . Twenty - six states allow for open carrying of handguns without a permit while , in general , twenty states require a permit to do so and four states plus Washington D.C. ban open - carry of handguns . There have been legal challenges to concealed - carry laws , with different rulings to their constitutional validity .
Voting rights in the United States
But , in Maryland , Jewish Americans were excluded from State office until the law requiring candidates to affirm a belief in an afterlife was repealed in 1828 .
List of smoking bans in the United States
and restaurants Madison , June 3 , 2010 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Madison County , July 19 , 2017 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Magee , November 19 , 2013 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Mantachie , September 9 , 2014 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Mayersville , September 17 , 2005 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Meadville , March 2 , 2015 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Mendenhall , March 4 , 2014 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Meridian , February 19 , 2010 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Metcalfe , September 3 , 2002 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Monticello , January 18 , 2012 , banned in all bars and restaurants , but not all other enclosed workplaces Moorhead , January 11 , 2013 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Morton , October 31 , 2013 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Moss Point , June 14 , 2012 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Nettleton , February 5 , 2015 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants New Albany , December 1 , 2011 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants New Augusta , May 31 , 2012 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Noxapater , May 1 , 2014 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Oakland , March 9 , 2017 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and
Gun laws in the United States by state
Subject / Law Long guns Handguns Relevant statutes Notes State permit required to purchase ? No No Firearm registration ? No No Assault weapon law ? No No Magazine Capacity Restriction ? No No Owner license required ? No No Concealed Carry permits required ? No No Idaho 18 - 3302 May carry concealed when outside the confines of a city or city limits , and inside a vehicle while engaged in a lawful outdoor activity . As of July 1 , 2016 , permitless concealed carry within cities is also legal for Idaho residents 21 years and older and active military ( as of April 4 , 2017 ) . Nonresidents still need a permit to carry concealed within city limits . Open Carry ? Yes Yes May carry openly without a permit in a vehicle or on foot . State Preemption of local restrictions ? Yes Yes Cities May regulate the discharge of firearms within their confines or limits . NFA weapons restricted ? No No Permitted as long as such possession is in compliance with all federal regulations Peaceable Journey laws ? No No Federal rules observed . Background checks required for private sales ? No No
Gun laws in the United States by state
Subject / Law Long Guns Handguns Relevant Statutes Notes State permit required to purchase ? No No Firearm registration ? No No Owner license required ? No No Carry permits required ? No Yes LRS 40 : 1379.3 Louisiana is a `` shall issue '' state for concealed carry . Open carry permitted ? Yes Yes Open carry is generally permitted without a license , but may be restricted by local governments with laws in place before July 15 , 1985 . State preemption of local restrictions ? Yes Yes Local restrictions in place before July 15 , 1985 are grandfathered in . Parishes may regulate hunting and the shooting of firearms . Assault weapon law ? No No Magazine Capacity Restriction ? No No NFA weapons restricted ? No No Federal rules observed . Background checks required for private sales ? No No
Separation of church and state in the United States
^ Note 4 : Until 1877 the New Hampshire Constitution required members of the State legislature to be of the Protestant religion .
List of smoking bans in the United States
As further detailed in this list , smoking laws vary widely throughout the United States . Some places in the United States do not generally regulate smoking at all , some ban smoking in certain areas and not others , and some ban smoking nearly everywhere , even in outdoor areas ( no state bans smoking in all public outdoor areas , but some local jurisdictions do ) . As of July 1 , 2017 , according to the American Nonsmokers ' Rights Foundation , 81.5 % of the U.S. population lives under a ban on smoking in `` workplaces , and / or restaurants , and / or bars , by either a state , commonwealth , or local law '' , and 58.6 % live under a ban covering all workplaces and restaurants and bars . A smoking ban ( either state or local ) has been enacted covering all bars and restaurants in each of the 60 most populated cities in the United States except these 12 : Atlanta , Fort Worth , Jacksonville , Memphis , Miami , Las Vegas , Nashville , Oklahoma City , Philadelphia , Tampa , Tulsa , and Virginia Beach .
Voting rights in the United States
States that do not require a mailing address include Alaska , Connecticut , Delaware , Florida , Georgia , Idaho , Montana , New Jersey , Vermont , West Virginia , Wisconsin , and Wyoming .
List of smoking bans in the United States
No statewide smoking ban . Instead , Virginia 's 2009 statewide smoking law , the 2009 Indoor Clean Air Act prohibits smoking statewide in enclosed public elevators , public school buses , primary and secondary schools , hospital emergency rooms , health department offices , polling places , indoor service lines and cashier lines , public restrooms in government buildings and hospitals , child daycare centers except where located in a private home , and public restrooms of health care facilities , and relegating smoking in restaurants ( including bars ) to separately ventilated designated smoking rooms that are structurally separated from the rest of the establishment . The Act exempts private clubs , retail tobacco stores , tobacco warehouses , tobacco manufacturing facilities , prisons , designated smoking areas in government offices , food preparation facilities for catering services , restaurants located on the premises of tobacco manufacturers , rented private rooms in restaurants ; requires the reasonable designation of non-smoking areas in educational facilities where smoking is not banned , hospitals , retail stores bigger than 15,000 square feet ( 1,400 m ) , and recreational facilities . Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking more stringently than the Act . Effectively , the cost and complexity involved with complying with the law 's requirements for separately ventilated smoking areas has meant that nearly all Virginia bars and restaurants operate completely smoke - free . Since 2006 , smoking in state offices , vehicles , and buildings ( except for correctional facilities ) has been banned by executive order issued by the Governor of Virginia . A law which came into effect on 1 July 2016 banned smoking in private cars with any occupants who are 8 years or younger . In December 2013 , the Court of Appeals of Virginia held 100 % of the premises of a retail tobacco store that also operates a restaurant is exempt from Virginia 's 2009 smoking restrictions , and may allow smoking throughout the restaurant portion . Norfolk , March 25 , 2008 , repealed a ban on smoking in restaurants , which was passed in October 2007 but had not yet gone into effect , by City Council vote of 5 -- 2 , because the City Attorney advised the Council that its ban would violate Virginia state law and could not withstand a legal challenge .
List of smoking bans in the United States
Statewide ban on smoking in bars , restaurants , and some other workplaces : On September 17 , 2007 , the Indoor Smoking Act went into effect , banning smoking in schools , child daycare facilities , hospitals , grocery stores , elevators and public conveyances ( except when rented for private purposes ) , restaurants , bars , and private clubs when open to the public . Private clubs and religious and fraternal organizations ( including bars and restaurants inside these places ) , hotel and motel rooms , rented halls and rooms under control of the renter , college dormitory rooms , public housing , nursing homes , areas designated by hospitals , and alcohol / drug rehabilitation facilities are exempt from smoking regulation and can allow smoking indoors freely . All other places must designate smoking and nonsmoking areas and post appropriate signs . On January 1 , 2010 , House Bill 392 went into effect . It established an on - premises cigar , beverage , and liquor license and allowed for cigar smoking at public cigar bars . Towns only can regulate smoking more strictly with regard to fire safety and sanitation . In 2003 , the New Hampshire Supreme Court ruled that this means state law preempts towns from enacting stricter local smoking bans for health reasons .
Illinois
Note : Births in table do n't add up , because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race , giving a higher overall number .
List of smoking bans in the United States
all bars and restaurants Shaw , October 24 , 2015 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Shubuta , December 2 , 2015 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Shuqualak , May 31 , 2012 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Sidon , February 5 , 2015 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Sledge , June 4 , 2014 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Southaven , August 4 , 2014 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Starkville , May 20 , 2006 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants State Line , July 2 , 2015 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Summit , March 16 , 2017 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Sumner , July 5 , 2012 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Sumrall , July 3 , 2010 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Tchula , August 13 , 2016 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Tupelo , October 5 , 2006 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Tutwiler , April 2 , 2015 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants Utica , September 8 , 2016 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Verona , May 3 , 2012 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Walnut , December 5 , 2013 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Walnut Grove , April 2 , 2015 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants
List of smoking bans in the United States
States that exempt tobacconists States that exempt cigar bars States that exempt private clubs States that exempt casinos States that exempt small workplaces AZ , CA , CO , CT , HI , KS , IL , IA , ME , MD , MA , MI , MN , NE , NJ , NM , NY , OH , OR , RI , SD , WI CA , CO , CT , MA , MI , NE , NJ , NM , NY , OR , RI , SD , WI AZ , CT , IA , KS , MA , NY , OH CT , IA , KS , ME ( OTB parlors , beano and bingo halls ) , MI , MN , NJ ( including OTB parlors ) , NM , RI ( including OTB parlors ) , WI CO ( 3 or fewer employees ) , CT ( 5 or fewer employees ) , ND ( 1 employee ) , NM ( 1 employee ) , OH ( family owned and operated ) , UT ( 1 employee ) , VT ( 1 employee )
Midwestern United States
As a result of the 2016 elections , Republicans now control the governors ' office in all Midwestern states except Minnesota . Republicans also control every partisan state legislature in the Midwest except Illinois . The unicameral Nebraska Legislature is officially nonpartisan .
Gun laws in the United States by state
Subject / Law Long guns Handguns Relevant Statutes Notes State permit required to purchase ? No No None Firearm registration ? No No None Assault weapon law ? No No None Magazine Capacity Restriction ? No No None Owner license required ? No No None Carry permits required ? No Yes O.C.G.A § 16 - 11 - 129 Concealed or open carry allowed with permit . See also O.C.G.A § 43 -- 38 -- 10 which is a special permit for armed security guards . Open Carry ? Yes Yes O.C.G.A § 16 - 11 - 126 Open carry of handguns allowed with a license issued under O.C.G.A § 16 - 11 - 129 . State Preemption of local restrictions ? Yes Yes O.C.G.A § 16 - 11 - 173 Despite state preemption , several localities continue to have local gun restrictions . Recent court rulings have resulted in many of these ordinances being withdrawn . NFA weapons restricted ? No No None Peaceable Journey laws ? No No None Federal rules observed . Background checks required for private sales ? No No None
Gun laws in the United States by state
With an enhanced carry permit per Mississippi Code section 97 - 37 - 7 ( 2 ) as amended by House Bill 506 of the 2011 Regular Session , the prohibited locations to carry concealed are as follows : any police , sheriff or state highway patrol station ; any detention facility , prison or jail ; courtrooms during a judicial proceeding ; any `` place of nuisance '' ; and ( not listed in the Mississippi statutes , but still relevant ) any place where the carrying of firearms is prohibited by federal law . A license to carry a pistol or revolver is not required for open carry . A license is not required for transporting a concealed or visible firearm in a vehicle . In June 2018 , the Mississippi Supreme Court ruled that judges may not prohibit enhanced concealed carry license holders from carrying in and around courthouses as long as they do not enter a courtroom . Open Carry ? Yes Yes House Bill 2 of the 2013 Mississippi Legislature The `` HB2 '' Unlicensed Open Carry Law went into effect July 1 , 2013 . An injunction , declaring the definition of `` concealed handgun '' unconstitutionally vague , was initially put in place by a Circuit Court Judge in Jackson , MS . The injunction was vacated August 29th , 2013 by the Mississippi Supreme Court . State Preemption of local restrictions ? Yes Yes No county or municipality may adopt any ordinance that restricts or requires the possession , transportation , sale , transfer or ownership of firearms or ammunition or their components . However , local governments may regulate the discharge of firearms , the carrying of firearms at a public park or public meeting , or the use of firearms in cases of insurrection , riots and natural disasters . NFA weapons restricted ? No No Permitted as long such possession is in compliance with all federal regulations Peaceable Journey laws ? Yes Yes Background checks required for private sales ? No No
Turn on red
In the U.S. , 36 states and Puerto Rico allow left turns on red only if both the origin and destination streets are one way . ( See South Carolina law Section 56 - 5 - 970 C3 , for example . )
New Mexico
On gun control , New Mexico arguably has some of the least restrictive firearms laws in the country . State law pre-empts all local gun control ordinances . Unlike states with strong gun control laws , a New Mexico resident may purchase any firearm deemed legal under federal law . There are no waiting periods under state law for picking up a firearm after it has been purchased , and there are no restrictions on magazine capacity . Additionally , New Mexico allows open carry of a loaded firearm without a permit , and is `` shall - issue '' for concealed carry permits .
Equal Rights Amendment
Over the past twenty years , ratification resolutions have also been defeated in Arizona , Arkansas , and Mississippi .
List of smoking bans in the United States
Statewide smoking ban : Effective January 1 , 2004 , laws from 1985 and 1999 were expanded such that smoking is banned statewide in all workplaces and public places in Maine , including bars and restaurants . The law exempts places open to the public during hours when it is closed , stage performances involving smoking , smoking for religious rituals , factories where labor unions have contracted to have smoking areas , designated areas in hospitals , designated hotel / motel smoking rooms , private residences except when used as a childcare or healthcare facility , beano and bingo halls , tobacco specialty stores , and off - track betting parlors that were in existence on June 30 , 2003 . The state law exempts private clubs ( Elks , American Legion , VFW etc . ) under certain conditions . The state law is silent as to whether local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state , though as of April 2009 no local government in Maine has done so . Effective September 1 , 2008 , smoking is banned in any car when a person under the age of 16 is present , though no driver may be pulled over or searched solely for violation of this law .
List of smoking bans in the United States
As of July 2017 , 4 states have enacted smoking bans in particular places that do not fit in the other categories :