vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Themistocles
The historical novel Farewell Great King by Jill Paton Walsh follows the life , until death , of Themistocles . It is based primarily upon the Life of Themistocles and Life of Aristides from Plutarch . Themistocles appears as a major character in The Ionia Sanction , by Gary Corby . The historical novel A victor of Salamis ; a tale of the days of Xerxes , Leonidas and Themistocles by William Stearns Davis follows the life , until death , of Themistocles . Temistocle ( 1772 ) , opera by Johann Christian Bach Themistocles serves as the protagonist of the 2014 film 300 : Rise of an Empire , played by Australian actor Sullivan Stapleton . The film presents a highly fictionalized biography of Themistocles , who leads the Athenian fleet at the Battle of Salamis , by virtue of his status as the hero of Marathon , having devised the Athenians ' winning offensive strategy in that battle , and personally loosing the arrow that fatally wounded Darius ( neither of which historically occurred ) . The film also portrays him as having a brief liaison with Artemisia , who is fictitiously portrayed as the supreme commander of the Persian fleet . Themistocles is one of the main characters of the 1962 film The 300 Spartans , which presents the Battle of Thermopylae . In this movie , he is portrayed by Ralph Richardson . Peter O'Toole as T.E. Lawrence quotes Themistocles in Lawrence of Arabia : ' I can not fiddle , but I can make a great state from a little city . '
Middle Ages
In modern - day Germany , the Holy Roman Empire continued to rule , but the elective nature of the imperial crown meant there was no enduring dynasty around which a strong state could form . Further east , the kingdoms of Poland , Hungary , and Bohemia grew powerful . In Iberia , the Christian kingdoms continued to gain land from the Muslim kingdoms of the peninsula ; Portugal concentrated on expanding overseas during the 15th century , while the other kingdoms were riven by difficulties over royal succession and other concerns . After losing the Hundred Years ' War , England went on to suffer a long civil war known as the Wars of the Roses , which lasted into the 1490s and only ended when Henry Tudor ( r . 1485 -- 1509 as Henry VII ) became king and consolidated power with his victory over Richard III ( r . 1483 -- 85 ) at Bosworth in 1485 . In Scandinavia , Margaret I of Denmark ( r. in Denmark 1387 -- 1412 ) consolidated Norway , Denmark , and Sweden in the Union of Kalmar , which continued until 1523 . The major power around the Baltic Sea was the Hanseatic League , a commercial confederation of city - states that traded from Western Europe to Russia . Scotland emerged from English domination under Robert the Bruce ( r . 1306 -- 29 ) , who secured papal recognition of his kingship in 1328 .
Spanish Armada
Knerr ( 1989 ) has reviewed the main trends in historiography over five centuries . For 150 years writers relied heavily on Petruccio Ubaldini 's A Discourse Concernye the Spanish Fleete Invadinye Englande ( 1590 ) , which argued that God decisively favoured the Protestant cause . William Camden ( 1551 -- 1623 ) pointed in addition to elements of English nationalism and the private enterprise of the sea dogs . He also emphasized that the Duke of Medina Sidonia was an incompetent seaman . David Hume ( 1711 -- 1776 ) praised the leadership of Queen Elizabeth . However the Whig historians , led by James A. Froude ( 1818 -- 1894 ) , rejected Hume 's interpretation and argued that Elizabeth was vacillating and almost lost the conflict by her unwillingness to previously spend enough to maintain and supply the Royal Navy 's fleet of ships . Scientific modern historiography came of age with the publication of two volumes of primary documents by John K. Laughton in 1894 . This enabled the leading naval scholar of the day Julian Corbett ( 1854 -- 1922 ) to reject the Whig views and turn attention to the professionalization of the Royal Navy as a critical factor . Twentieth - century historians have focused on technical issues , such as the comparative power of English and Spanish naval guns and the degree of naval battle tactics credit due Francis Drake and Charles Howard . Inclement weather in the English Channel and on the oceans at the time has always been cited as a major factor to the outcome .
To Kill a Mockingbird
Sergel 's play toured in the UK starting at West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds in 2006 , and again in 2011 starting at the York Theatre Royal , both productions featuring Duncan Preston as Atticus Finch . The play also opened the 2013 season at Regent 's Park Open Air Theatre in London where it played to full houses and starred Robert Sean Leonard as Atticus Finch , his first London appearance in 22 years . The production returned to the venue to close the 2014 season , prior to a UK tour .
English Civil War
Two large historical societies exist , The Sealed Knot and The English Civil War Society , which regularly re-enact events and battles of the Civil War in full period costume .
The Passion of the Christ
When asked about the film 's faithfulness to the account given in the New Testament , Father Augustine Di Noia of the Vatican 's Doctrinal Congregation replied : `` Mel Gibson 's film is not a documentary ... but remains faithful to the fundamental structure common to all four accounts ( of the Gospels ) '' and `` Gibson 's film is entirely faithful to the New Testament '' .
Pocahontas (1995 film)
Ebert criticized the film 's deviations from history , writing `` Having led one of the most interesting lives imaginable , Pocahontas serves here more as a simplified symbol '' . Animator Tom Sito defended the film 's relationship to history , saying `` Contrary to the popular verdict that we ignored history on the film , we tried hard to be historically correct and to accurately portray the culture of the Virginia Algonquins . '' Sophie Gilbert of The Atlantic wrote that `` The movie might have fudged some facts '' , but that this allowed it to tell `` a compelling romantic story '' .
The Passion of the Christ
For filmmakers to do justice to the biblical accounts of the passion , they must complement their artistic vision with sound scholarship , which includes knowledge of how the passion accounts have been used historically to disparage and attack Jews and Judaism . Absent such scholarly and theological understanding , productions such as The Passion could likely falsify history and fuel the animus of those who hate Jews .
The White Queen (TV series)
No . Title Directed by Written by Original air date US air date UK viewers ( million ) US viewers ( million ) `` In Love With the King '' James Kent Emma Frost 16 June 2013 ( 2013 - 06 - 16 ) 9 August 2013 5.33 0.457 It is 1464 . Having been widowed and lost access to her Lancastrian husband 's property in the War of the Roses , Elizabeth Woodville is encouraged by her mother Jacquetta to put herself in the way of the new Yorkist King , Edward IV , and appeal to him directly . Edward , already with a reputation as a womanizer , is instantly drawn to Elizabeth 's beauty , and makes arrangements to see her again . When Elizabeth rejects his sexual advances , he agrees to marry her and make her Queen of England . However , the secret marriage does not go down well with England 's court , especially with Edward 's mother , Duchess Cecily , and his most trusted adviser , the Earl of Warwick . `` The Price of Power '' James Kent Emma Frost 23 June 2013 ( 2013 - 06 - 23 ) 17 August 2013 5.70 0.801 An extravagant coronation is planned in an attempt to silence critics of the marriage between Elizabeth and the king . Warwick 's discontent with Edward 's choice quickly makes itself known , as he refuses to allow his daughters to become her ladies - in - waiting . Margaret Beaufort , whose son Henry Tudor has a claim to the throne , sides with Warwick and Edward 's brother George , Duke of Clarence , in the hope that her child will be returned to her . Meanwhile , Warwick makes use of his elder daughter Isabel in an attempt to unify the Nevilles and the Yorks by marrying her to the Duke of Clarence , heir presumptive to King Edward . `` The Storm '' James Kent Emma Frost 30 June 2013 ( 2013 - 06 - 30 ) 24 August 2013 5.32 0.704 After a rebellion by the Earl of Warwick results in the deaths of Elizabeth 's father and brother but fails to put George , Duke of Clarence , on the throne in Edward 's place , an uneasy peace is concluded between Warwick and Edward . It lasts only a short time before they rebel again and are forced to flee to France .
The Passion of the Christ
However , the Icon Productions spokesman stood by the story , and a source close to the situation said McEveety had asked for and received Vatican officials ' permission to repeat the `` It is as it was '' statement before speaking to Noonan . Journalist Rod Dreher reported that McEveety had received an e-mail from papal spokesman Dr. Joaquin Navarro - Valls on December 28 , backing the Noonan account and ending : `` I would try to make the words ' It is as it was ' the leit motive ( sic ) in any discusion ( sic ) on the film . Repeat the words again and again and again . ''
The Passion of the Christ
Anti-Semitism , like all forms of racism , distorts the truth in order to put a whole race of people in a bad light . This film does nothing of the sort . It draws out from the historical objectivity of the Gospel narratives sentiments of forgiveness , mercy , and reconciliation . It captures the subtleties and the horror of sin , as well as the gentle power of love and forgiveness , without making or insinuating blanket condemnations against one group . This film expressed the exact opposite , that learning from the example of Christ , there should never be any more violence against any other human being .
English Reformation
Secondly , a primarily religious perspective has motivated Geoffrey Dickens and others . They prioritize the religious and subjective side of the movement . While recognizing the Reformation was imposed from the top , just as it was everywhere else in Europe , but it also responded to aspirations from below . He has been criticized by for underestimating the strength of red residual and revived Roman Catholicism . He has been praised for his demonstration of the close ties to European influences . In the Dickens school , David Loades has stressed the theological importance of the Reformation for Anglo - British development .
History of the Church of England
Nigel Heard summarises the persecution thus : `` It is now estimated that the 274 religious executions carried out during the last three years of Mary 's reign exceeded the number recorded in any Catholic country on the continent in the same period . ''
The Sound of Music (film)
The Sound of Music film , like the stage musical , presents a history of the von Trapp family that is not completely accurate . The filmmakers used artistic license to convey the essence and meaning of their story . Georg Ludwig von Trapp was indeed an anti-Nazi opposed to the Anschluss , and lived with his family in a villa in a district of Salzburg called Aigen . Their lifestyle depicted in the film , however , greatly exaggerated their standard of living . The actual family villa , located at Traunstraße 34 , Aigen 5026 , was large and comfortable but not nearly as grand as the mansion depicted in the film . The house was also not their ancestral home , as depicted in the film . The family had previously lived in homes in Zell Am See and Klosterneuburg after being forced to abandon their actual ancestral home in Pola following World War I. Georg moved the family to the Salzburg villa shortly after the death of his first wife in 1922 . In the film , Georg is referred to as `` Baron '' , but his actual family title was `` Ritter '' ( German for `` knight '' ) , a hereditary knighthood the equivalent of which in the United Kingdom is a baronetcy . Austrian nobility , moreover , was legally abolished in 1919 and the nobiliary particle von was proscribed after World War I , so he was legally `` Georg Trapp '' . Both the title and the prepositional nobiliary particle von , however , continued to be widely used unofficially as a matter of courtesy .
The Other Boleyn Girl (2003 film)
Anne soon reveals her pregnancy to the king , who is delighted , although many people whisper throughout the court that it is not his child . Some time later , Anne miscarries the baby , and the whole of the court knows that her days are numbered . Men are arrested and taken to the Tower of London on charges of treason , adultery , and incest , and Anne is next . Anne is permitted a final audience with the king , and reminds him that he once loved her , and asks if he will take her away from their daughter . Anne proclaims her innocence , and asks God to have mercy on his soul before departing . Before she is taken by the guards , she bids a tearful farewell to Elizabeth , singing her a childhood song , and the song continues as she is led away .
The Passion of the Christ
Peggy Noonan had also received e-mail confirmation of the quote from Navarro - Valls before writing her December 17 column . Complicating the situation , Navarro - Valls told Dreher that the e-mail sent to McEveety was not genuine , suggesting it was fabricated . However , Noonan later verified that all of the Navarro - Valls e-mails came from the same Vatican IP address . The Los Angeles Times reported that they had previously confirmed the accuracy of the quote from Navarro - Valls when the story first broke . On CNN , John Allen reported Vatican sources who claim to have heard Dziwisz on other occasions affirm the accuracy of the quotation .
Dan Humphrey
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King Arthur: Legend of the Sword
Alissa Wilkinson of Vox writes that the film is `` surprisingly good , and surprisingly political '' in relation to the British withdrawal from the European Union , and `` occasionally , it 's even pretty great '' .
The Merchant of Venice
Steven Spielberg 's Schindler 's List depicts SS Lieutenant Amon Göth quoting Shylock 's `` Hath Not a Jew eyes ? '' speech when deciding whether or not to rape his Jewish maid .
Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
Jeff Morey , who served as the historical consultant on the film Tombstone , compared testimony by partisan and neutral witnesses and came to the conclusion that the Earps described the situation accurately .
Elizabethan government
Even with this much power , the monarch was not above the law , and she could be brought to court .
An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture
For there are three that bear record in heaven , the Father , the Word , and the Holy Ghost : and these three are one .
The Passion of the Christ
one of the most troublesome texts , relative to anti-Semitic potential , that any of us had seen in twenty - five years . It must be emphasized that the main storyline presented Jesus as having been relentlessly pursued by an evil cabal of Jews , headed by the high priest Caiaphas , who finally blackmailed a weak - kneed Pilate into putting Jesus to death . This is precisely the storyline that fueled centuries of anti-Semitism within Christian societies . This is also a storyline rejected by the Roman Catholic Church at Vatican II in its document Nostra aetate , and by nearly all mainline Protestant churches in parallel documents ... Unless this basic storyline has been altered by Mr. Gibson , a fringe Catholic who is building his own church in the Los Angeles area and who apparently accepts neither the teachings of Vatican II nor modern biblical scholarship , The Passion of the Christ retains a real potential for undermining the repudiation of classical Christian anti-Semitism by the churches in the last forty years .
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
A large amount of critical debate also surrounds the poem as it relates to the bi-cultural political landscape of the time . Some argue that Bertilak is an example of the hybrid Anglo - Welsh culture found on the Welsh -- English border . They therefore view the poem as a reflection of a hybrid culture that plays strong cultures off one another to create a new set of cultural rules and traditions . Other scholars , however , argue that historically much Welsh blood was shed well into the 14th century , creating a situation far removed from the more friendly hybridisation suggested by Ingham . To support this argument further , it is suggested that the poem creates an `` us versus them '' scenario contrasting the knowledgeable civilised English with the uncivilised borderlands that are home to Bertilak and the other monsters that Gawain encounters .
The White Queen (TV series)
In the UK the critical reception was described as ' mixed at best ' and ' mostly scathing ' . Sam Wollaston of The Guardian praised the show 's characters , suggesting Janet McTeer ( Jacquetta ) stole the show . He also praised the show 's romantic elements , commenting `` Mmmm , steamy '' . Gerard O'Donovan of The Daily Telegraph praised the casting of the supporting characters and the exciting `` lust and vengeance '' fueling the drama , but objected to the prettified portrayal of 15th century England . Deborah Ross of The Daily Mail gave the mixed review of both one and five stars , `` because it possesses the sort of one - star awfulness that , if properly embraced , can transport you all the way to five - star joy . '' The Independent 's Tom Sutcliffe found it `` less historically plausible than Game of Thrones '' , but concluded that `` I 'm sure it will give innocent pleasure to many . '' Barbara Ellen in The Observer , compared the show to `` a strange Timotei advert , featuring fornication , shouting , horses , armour '' , whilst commenting that the sex scenes , toned down in the British version , `` were so vanilla , I ended up fancying an ice cream . ''
Elizabethan government
Elizabeth is considered by many to be one of England 's best monarchs . She was wise and just , chose good advisers and was n't dominated by them , dealt with the stubbornly resistant Parliaments without being tyrannous , and was skilled at compromising in both religious and political matters . She ruled for 45 years and was the sixth and last of the Tudor dynasty . Sir
Spanish Inquisition
The Grand Inquisitor of Spain plays a part in Don Carlos ( 1867 ) , a play by Friedrich Schiller ( which was the basis for the opera in five acts by Giuseppe Verdi , in which the Inquisitor is also featured , and the third act is dedicated to an auto - da - fé ) . In the Monty Python comedy team 's Spanish Inquisition sketches , an inept Inquisitor group repeatedly bursts into scenes after someone utters the words `` I did n't expect a kind of Spanish Inquisition '' , screaming `` Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition ! '' The Inquisition then uses ineffectual forms of torture , including a dish - drying rack , soft cushions and a comfy chair . The Spanish Inquisition features as a main plot line element of the 2009 video game Assassin 's Creed II : Discovery .
Gone with the Wind (film)
W. Bryan Rommel Ruiz has argued that despite factual inaccuracies in its depiction of the Reconstruction period , Gone with the Wind nevertheless reflects contemporary interpretations that were common in the early 20th century . One such viewpoint is reflected in a brief scene in which Mammy fends off a leering freedman : a government official can be heard offering bribes to the emancipated slaves for their votes . The inference is taken to be that freedmen are ignorant about politics and unprepared for freedom , unwittingly becoming the tools of corrupt Reconstruction officials . While perpetuating some Lost Cause myths , the film makes concessions in regard to others . After the attack on Scarlett in the shanty town , a group of men including Scarlett 's husband Frank , Rhett Butler and Ashley raid the town ; in the novel they belong to the Ku Klux Klan , representing the common trope of protecting the white woman 's virtue , but the filmmakers consciously neutralize the presence of the Klan in the film by referring to it only as a `` political meeting '' .
Joseph McCarthy
According to popular historian Arthur Herman , Murrow 's staff edited the film to show McCarthy behaving in an unflattering way . Herman quotes John Cogley of Commonweal , a McCarthy critic , as stating , `` A totally different selection of film would turn McCarthy into a man on a shining white steed -- infinitely reasonable , burdened with the onus of single - handedly cleaning out subversives in the face of violent criticism . '' and that Murrow used `` partial truth and innuendo '' .
Medici: Masters of Florence
The creators took significant liberties with sets , often showing interior decorations , works of art , and exterior landscapes that were created many years after the events described in the series which occur in the mid-1430s . For example , the Medici Palazzo was built in 1440s -- 1480s and the Benozzo Gozzoli frescoes of Magi Chapel shown in the Cosimo study were executed in 1459 -- 61 . The Lorenzo rooms are decorated with the Giulio Romano fresco `` Mars and Venus '' which was painted in the 1520s in Palazzo Te in Mantova . During the episode exile in Venice , the church of Santa Maria della Salute built in the 1630s is repeatedly shown as part of the Venice city landscape . Villa Medici contains `` Fortitude and Temperance with Six Antique Heroes '' by Perugino , painted in 1497 .
The Passion of the Christ
However , Brentano 's attribution of the book The Dolorous Passion to Emmerich has been subject to dispute , with allegations that Brentano wrote much of the book himself ; a Vatican investigation concluding that : `` It is absolutely not certain that she ever wrote this '' . In his review of the movie in the Catholic publication America , Jesuit priest John O ' Malley used the terms `` devout fiction '' and `` well - intentioned fraud '' to refer to the writings of Clemens Brentano .
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2012 July 7
What Stu said . Such a criticism fits Suspicion remarkably well though , imho . Also Bunny Lake Is Missing to some degree . -- Tamfang ( talk ) 22 : 13 , 13 July 2012 ( UTC )
The Passion of the Christ
In early December 2003 , Passion of the Christ co-producer Stephen McEveety provided the film to Archbishop Stanisław Dziwisz , the pope 's secretary . Archbishop Dziwisz returned the film to McEveety and said he had watched it with John Paul II . On December 16 , Daily Variety reported that the pope had seen the film , and on December 17 , The Wall Street Journal columnist Peggy Noonan reported that John Paul II had said : `` It is as it was , '' sourcing McEveety , who said he heard it from Dziwisz . National Catholic Reporter journalist John Allen published a similar account on the same day , quoting an unnamed senior Vatican official . The following day , Reuters and the Associated Press each independently confirmed the story , citing Vatican sources . On December 24 , an anonymous Vatican official told Catholic News Service , `` There was no declaration , no judgment from the pope . '' On January 9 , John Allen defended his earlier reporting , saying that his official source was adamant about the veracity of the original story . In a January 18 column , Frank Rich interviewed the Italian translator who quoted Dziwisz as saying that the pope called the film `` incredible '' and said `` it is as it was . '' Rich attacked the marketing of the film and suggested Dziwisz wielded too much influence over the pope . The next day Archbishop Dziwisz told CNS , `` The Holy Father told no one his opinion of this film . '' This denial resulted in a round of commentators who accused the film producers of fabricating a papal quote to market their movie .