vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Crusades
The 20th century produced three important histories of the Crusades : one by Steven Runciman , another by Rene Grousset , and a multi-author work edited by Kenneth Setton . Historians in this period often echoed Enlightenment - era criticism : Runciman wrote during the 1950s , `` High ideals were besmirched by cruelty and greed ... the Holy War was nothing more than a long act of intolerance in the name of God '' . According to Norman Davies , the Crusades contradicted the Peace and Truce of God supported by Urban and reinforced the connection between Western Christendom , feudalism , and militarism . The formation of military religious orders scandalised the Orthodox Byzantines , and Crusaders pillaged countries they crossed on their journey east . Violating their oath to restore land to the Byzantines , they often kept the land for themselves . The Fourth Crusade is widely considered controversial in its `` betrayal '' of Byzantium . Similarly , Norman Housley viewed the persecution of Jews in the First Crusade -- a pogrom in the Rhineland and the massacre of thousands of Jews in Central Europe -- as part of the long history of anti-Semitism in Europe .
Israel
Israel has the highest number of museums per capita in the world . Several Israeli museums are devoted to Islamic culture , including the Rockefeller Museum and the L.A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art , both in Jerusalem . The Rockefeller specializes in archaeological remains from the Ottoman and other periods of Middle East history . It is also the home of the first hominid fossil skull found in Western Asia called Galilee Man . A cast of the skull is on display at the Israel Museum .
Yemen
After the death of Ma'adikarib Ya'fur around 521 AD , a Himyarite Jewish warlord named Yousef Asar Yathar rose to power with the honorary title of Yathar ( meaning , `` to avenge '' ) . Yemenite Christians , aided by Aksum and Byzantium , systematically persecuted Jews and burned down several synagogues across the land . Yousef avenged his people with great cruelty . He marched toward the port city of Mocha , killing 14,000 and capturing 11,000 . Then he settled a camp in Bab - el - Mandeb to prevent aid flowing from Aksum . At the same time , Yousef sent an army under the command of another Jewish warlord , Sharahil Yaqbul , to Najran . Sharahil had reinforcements from the Bedouins of the Kindah and Madh'hij tribes , eventually wiping out the Christian community in Najran .
Crusades
The `` Law of Conquest '' supported the seizure of land and property by impecunious Crusaders from the autochthonous population , enabling poor men to become rich and part of a noble class . That class did not expel the native population , but adopted strict segregation and at no point attempted to integrate it by way of religious conversion . In this way the Crusaders created a colonial noble class that perpetuated itself through an incessant flow of religious pilgrims and settlers keen to take economic advantage . The territorial gains followed distinct ethnic and linguistic entities . The Principality of Antioch , founded in 1098 and ruled by Bohemond , became Norman in character and custom . The Kingdom of Jerusalem , founded in 1099 , followed the traditions of northern France . The County of Tripoli , founded in 1104 ( although the city of Tripoli itself remained in Muslim control until 1109 ) by Raymond de Saint - Gilles became Provençal . The County of Edessa , founded in 1098 , differed in that although it was ruled by the French Bouillons and Courteneys its largely Armenian and Jacobite native nobility was preserved . These states were the first examples of `` Europe overseas '' . They are generally known as Outremer , from the French outre - mer ( `` overseas '' in English ) .
Crusades
Late 13th - century politics in the Eastern Mediterranean were complex , with a number of powerful interested parties . Baibars had three key objectives : to prevent an alliance between the Latins and the Mongols , to cause dissension between the Mongols particularly between the Golden Horde and the Persian Ilkhanate , and to maintain access to a supply of slave recruits from the Russian steppes . In this he developed diplomatic ties with Manfred , King of Sicily , supporting him against the Papacy and Louis IX 's brother Charles of Anjou . The Crusader states were fragmented , and various powers were competing for influence . In the War of Saint Sabas , Venice drove the Genoese from Acre to Tyre where they continued to trade happily with Baibars ' Egypt . Indeed , Baibars negotiated free passage for the Genoese with Michael VIII Palaiologos , Emperor of Nicaea , the newly restored ruler of Constantinople . The
History of the Knights Templar
Once Saladin and his army had moved on , the Templars were able to join King Baldwin 's forces , and together they proceeded north along the coast . Saladin had made a key mistake at that point -- instead of keeping his forces together , he permitted his army to temporarily spread out and pillage various villages on their way to Jerusalem . The Templars took advantage of this low state of readiness to launch a surprise ambush directly against Saladin and his bodyguard , at Montgisard near Ramla . Saladin 's army was spread too thin to adequately defend themselves , and he and his forces were forced to fight a losing battle as they retreated back to the south , ending up with only a tenth of their original number . The battle was not the final one with Saladin , but it bought a year of peace for the Kingdom of Jerusalem , and the victory became a heroic legend .
Military history of Australia during World War I
In March and April 1918 , Australian and New Zealand mounted troops and British infantry took part in two raids east across the Jordan River to Amman and Es Salt , a village in Palestine 23 kilometres ( 14 mi ) west of Amman . Although these raids were unsuccessful , they encouraged Turkish commanders to believe that the main British effort would be launched across the Jordan when it would be launched along the coastal plain . Before these operations could commence it was necessary to capture the country east of Jerusalem and into the Jordan Valley to Jericho . The attack on the Turkish 26th and 53rd Infantry Divisions was made by the 60th ( London ) and the Anzac Mounted Divisions on 19 February . Talat ed Dumm , on the road from Jerusalem , was captured the next day and in the evening the Wady Fara and Nebi Musa were also captured . On 21 February Jericho was occupied by the two divisions of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force .
Yemen
Yemen is a land with no lord , an empty province . It would be not only possible but easy to capture , and should it be captured , it would be master of the lands of India and send every year a great amount of gold and jewels to Constantinople .
Israel
^ a This number includes East Jerusalem and West Bank areas . Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized .
Yahweh
In 539 BCE Babylon itself fell to the Persian conqueror Cyrus , and in 538 BCE the exiles were permitted to return to Yehud medinata , as the Persian province of Judah was known . The Temple is commonly said to have been rebuilt in the period 520 -- 515 BCE , but it seems probable that this is an artificial date chosen so that 70 years could be said to have passed between the destruction and the rebuilding , fulfilling a prophecy of Jeremiah .
Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary
Mistress Mary , Quite contrary , How does your garden grow ? With Silver Bells , And Cockle Shells , And so my garden grows .
Ring a Ring o' Roses
A ring , a ring o ' roses , A pocket - full o ' posies ; One for Jack and one for Jim and one for little Moses ! A-tisha ! a-tisha ! a-tisha !
Ring a Ring o' Roses
A ring -- a ring of roses , Laps full of posies ; Awake -- awake ! Now come and make A ring -- a ring of roses .
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Ringel ringel reihen , Wir sind der Kinder dreien , sitzen unter 'm Hollerbusch Und machen alle Husch husch husch !
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Ringel , Ringel , Rosen , Schöne Aprikosen , Veilchen blau , Vergissmeinnicht , Alle Kinder setzen sich !
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Ring - a-round the rosies , A pocket full of posies , Ashes ! Ashes ! We all fall down . Children
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Ring - a-ring - a-roses , A pocket full of posies ; Hush ! hush ! hush ! hush ! We 're all tumbled down .
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Cows in the meadows Eating buttercups A-tishoo ! A-tishoo ! We all jump up .
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Ring a ring a Rosie , A bottle full of posie , All the girls in our town Ring for little Josie .
To Autumn
Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store ? Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find Thee sitting careless on a granary floor , Thy hair soft - lifted by the winnowing wind ; Or on a half - reap 'd furrow sound asleep , Drows 'd with the fume of poppies , while thy hook Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers : And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep Steady thy laden head across a brook ; Or by a cider - press , with patient look , Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours .
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
He prayeth best , who loveth best All things both great and small ; For the dear God who loveth us , He made and loveth all .
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Ring around a rosy Pocket full of posies . One , two , three -- squat !
Jack-o'-lantern
Oh ! -- fruit loved of boyhood ! -- the old days recalling , When wood - grapes were purpling and brown nuts were falling ! When wild , ugly faces we carved in its skin , Glaring out through the dark with a candle within !
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Ringa ringa roses , Pocket full of poses Husha busha ! We all fall down !
To Autumn
Where are the songs of Spring ? Ay , where are they ? Think not of them , thou hast thy music too , -- While barred clouds bloom the soft - dying day , And touch the stubble - plains with rosy hue ; Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn Among the river sallows , borne aloft Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies ; And full - grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn ; Hedge - crickets sing ; and now with treble soft The red - breast whistles from a garden - croft ; And gathering swallows twitter in the skies .
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Ring - a-ring o ' roses , A pocket full of posies , A-tishoo ! A-tishoo ! We all fall down .
Ring a Ring o' Roses
A ring , a ring o ' roses , A pocket full o ' posies - Atishoo atishoo we all fall down .
Dejection: An Ode
O Lady ! in this wan and heartless mood , To other thoughts by yonder throstle woo 'd , All this long eve , so balmy and serene , Have I been gazing on the western sky , And its peculiar tint of yellow green : And still I gaze -- and with how blank an eye ! And those thin clouds above , in flakes and bars , That give away their motion to the stars ; Those stars , that glide behind them or between , Now sparkling , now bedimmed , but always seen : Yon crescent Moon , as fixed as if it grew In its own cloudless , starless lake of blue ; I see them all so excellently fair , I see , not feel how beautiful they are !
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Ringe - ringe - raja , Doš'o čika Paja , Pa pojeo jaja . Jedno jaje muć , A mi , djeco , čuč !
Ring a Ring o' Roses
The novel goes on to describe a nineteenth - century Fourth of July celebration by children housed in a hospital in Roosevelt Island , New York ( then known as `` Blackwell 's Island '' ) : ' Then the little girls began to seek their own amusements . They played `` hide and seek , '' `` ring , ring a rosy , '' and a thousand wild and pretty games ' .
Because I could not stop for Death
Close transcription First published version Because I could not stop for Death -- He kindly stopped for me -- The Carriage held but just Ourselves -- And Immortality . We slowly drove -- He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my leisure too , For His Civility -- We passed the School , where Children strove At Recess -- in the Ring -- We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain -- We passed the Setting Sun -- Or rather -- He passed Us -- The Dews drew quivering and Chill -- For only Gossamer , my Gown -- My Tippet -- only Tulle -- We paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground -- The Roof was scarcely visible -- The Cornice -- in the Ground -- Since then -- ' tis Centuries -- and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses ' Heads Were toward Eternity -- THE CHARIOT Because I could not stop for Death , He kindly stopped for me ; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality . We slowly drove , he knew no haste , And I had put away My labor , and my leisure too , For his civility . We passed the school where children played , Their lessons scarcely done ; We passed the fields of gazing grain , We passed the setting sun . We paused before a house that seemed A swelling of the ground ; The roof was scarcely visible , The cornice but a mound . Since then ' tis centuries ; but each Feels shorter than the day I first surmised the horses ' heads Were toward eternity .
Pandora
Not ever had the painter 's jealous veil Shrouded the fair Pandora 's charms : Innocence was naked and without alarm .
Elf (Middle-earth)
O ! I hear the tiny horns Of enchanted leprechauns And the padded feet of many gnomes a-coming ! --
Ring Out, Wild Bells
Ring out the old , ring in the new , Ring , happy bells , across the snow : The year is going , let him go ; Ring out the false , ring in the true .
The Raven
By that Heaven that bends above us -- by that God we both adore -- Tell this soul with sorrow laden if , within the distant Aidenn , It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore -- Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore . '' Quoth the Raven `` Nevermore . '' `` Be that word our sign of parting , bird or fiend ! '' I shrieked , upstarting -- `` Get thee back into the tempest and the Night 's Plutonian shore ! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken ! Leave my loneliness unbroken ! -- quit the bust above my door ! Take thy beak from out my heart , and take thy form from off my door ! '' Quoth the Raven `` Nevermore . '' And the Raven , never flitting , still is sitting , still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door ; And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon 's that is dreaming , And the lamp - light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor ; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted -- nevermore !
The Raven
Once upon a midnight dreary , while I pondered , weak and weary , Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore -- While I nodded , nearly napping , suddenly there came a tapping , As of some one gently rapping , rapping at my chamber door . `` ' Tis some visiter , '' I muttered , `` tapping at my chamber door -- Only this and nothing more . ''
Dejection: An Ode
Well ! If the Bard was weather-wise , who made The grand old ballad of Sir Patrick Spence , This night , so tranquil now , will not go hence Unroused by winds , that ply a busier trade Than those which mould yon cloud in lazy flakes , Or the dull sobbing draft , that moans and rakes Upon the strings of this Æolian lute , Which better far were mute . For lo ! the New - moon winter - bright ! ( lines 1 -- 9 )
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
' Twas right , said they , such birds to slay , That bring the fog and mist .
Ode on a Grecian Urn
' Beauty is truth , truth beauty , ' -- that is all Ye know on earth , and all ye need to know . That
The Raven
Syllabic structure of a verse Stress / x / x / x / x / x / x / x / x Syllable Once up - on mid - night drear - y , while pon - dered weak and wear - y
One Thousand and One Nights
Long , long have I bewailed the sev'rance of our loves , With tears that from my lids streamed down like burning rain And vowed that , if the days deign reunite us two , My lips should never speak of severance again : Joy hath o'erwhelmed me so that , for the very stress Of that which gladdens me to weeping I am fain . Tears are become to you a habit , O my eyes , So that ye weep as well for gladness as for pain .
Ode on a Grecian Urn
Bold Lover , never , never canst thou kiss , Though winning near the goal -- yet , do not grieve ; She can not fade , though thou hast not thy bliss , For ever wilt thou love , and she be fair ! ( lines 17 -- 20 )
Dejection: An Ode
Joy , Lady ! is the spirit and the power , Which wedding Nature to us gives in dower A new Earth and new Heaven , Undreamt of by the sensual and the proud -- Joy is the sweet voice , Joy the luminous cloud -- We in ourselves rejoice !
Sprung rhythm
I cáught this mórning mórning 's mínion , kíng - dom of dáylight 's dáuphin , dapple - dáwn - drawn Fálcon , in his ríding Of the rólling level úndernéath him steady áir , and stríding Hígh there , how he rúng upon the réin of a wímpling wíng In his écstasy ! then óff , óff fórth on swíng , As a skáte 's heel sweeps smóoth on a bów - bend : the húrl and glíding Rebúffed the bíg wínd . My héart in híding Stírred for a bírd , -- the achíeve of , the mástery of the thíng ! Brute béauty and válour and áct , oh , air , príde , plume , hére Buckle ! ÁND the fíre that bréaks from thee thén , a bíllion Tímes told lóvelier , more dángerous , Ó my chevalíer ! No wónder of it : shéer plód makes plóugh down síllion Shíne , and blúe - bleak émbers , áh my déar , Fall , gáll themsélves , and gásh góld - vermílion .
Mary Had a Little Lamb
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) William
Mary Had a Little Lamb
Note : This melody is the British version , which is slightly different from the American version .
Ring a Ring o' Roses
The origins and meanings of the game have long been unknown and subject to speculation . In 1898 , A Dictionary of British Folklore contained the belief that an explanation of the game was of pagan origin , based on the Sheffield Glossary comparison of Jacob Grimm 's Deutsche Mythologie . The theory states that it is in reference to Pagan myths and cited a passage which states , `` Gifted children of fortune have the power to laugh roses , as Freyja wept gold . '' Believing the first instance to be indicative of Pagan beings of light . Another suggestion is more literal , that it was making a `` ring '' around the roses and bowing with the all `` fall down '' as a curtsy . In 1892 , the American writer , Eugene Field wrote a poem titled Teeny - Weeny that specifically referred to fey folk playing ring - a-rosie . According to Games and Songs of American Children , published in 1883 , the `` rosie '' was a reference to the French word for rose tree and the children would dance and stoop to the person in the center . Variations , especially more literal ones , were identified and noted with the literal falling down that would sever the connections to the game - rhyme . Addy 's interpretation failed to account for the sneezing , which had not carried over to the United States and was losing ground in Britain , as another instance of the Pagan influence . Again in 1898 , sneezing was then noted to be indicative of many superstitious and supernatural beliefs across differing cultures .
Jack-o'-lantern
Jack o ' the lantern ! Joan the wad , Who tickled the maid and made her mad Light me home , the weather 's bad .
Great Scott
Whose wild free charms , he chanted forth Great Scott ! When shall we see thy like again ? Great Scott !
River Thames
Along the shoare of silver streaming Themmes ; Whose rutty banke , the which his river hemmes , Was paynted all with variable flowers . And all the meads adornd with daintie gemmes Fit to deck maydens bowres
River Thames
Ne'er saw I , never felt , a calm so deep ! The river glideth at his own sweet will : Dear God ! the very houses seem asleep ; And all that mighty heart is lying still !
Ring Out, Wild Bells
Ring out false pride in place and blood , The civic slander and the spite ; Ring in the love of truth and right , Ring in the common love of good .
Convicts in Australia
From distant climes , o'er wide - spread seas , we come , Though not with much éclat or beat of drum , True patriots all : for , be it understood : We left our country for our country 's good .
Ode on a Grecian Urn
O Attic shape ! Fair attitude ! with brede Of marble men and maidens overwrought , With forest branches and the trodden weed ; Thou , silent form , dost tease us out of thought As doth eternity : Cold pastoral ! ( lines 41 -- 45 )
Ring Out, Wild Bells
Ring in the valiant man and free , The larger heart , the kindlier hand ; Ring out the darkness of the land , Ring in the Christ that is to be .
Afrikaans
Die Here is my Herder , ek kom niks kort nie . Hy laat my in groen weivelde rus . Hy bring my by waters waar daar vrede is . Hy gee my nuwe krag . Hy lei my op die regte paaie tot eer van Sy naam . Selfs al gaan ek deur donker dieptes , sal ek nie bang wees nie , want U is by my . In U hande is ek veilig .
Ring Out, Wild Bells
Ring out the grief that saps the mind For those that here we see no more ; Ring out the feud of rich and poor , Ring in redress to all mankind .
O Canada
O Canada ! Beneath thy shining skies May stalwart sons , and gentle maidens rise , To keep thee steadfast through the years From East to Western sea . Our own beloved native land ! Our True North , strong and free !
Ring Out, Wild Bells
Ring out the want , the care , the sin , The faithless coldness of the times ; Ring out , ring out my mournful rhymes But ring the fuller minstrel in .
Flowers for Algernon
Anyone who has common sense will remember that the bewilderments of the eye are of two kinds , and arise from two causes , either from coming out of the light or from going into the light , which is true of the mind 's eye , quite as much as of the bodily eye .
The Happy Prince and Other Tales
Shortly afterwards , the happy giant dies . That same afternoon , his body is found lying under the tree , covered in blossoms .
When the Saints Go Marching In
I used to have a playmate Who would walk and talk with me But since she got religion She has turned her back on me .
Dodo
The voice which used to squawk and squeak Is now for ever dumb -- Yet may you see his bones and beak All in the Mu - se - um .
Waltzing Matilda
Jump up ^ sometimes `` Where 's '' Jump up ^ sometimes `` Who 's the jolly ''
Paul Revere
Listen , my children , and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere , On the eighteenth of April , in Seventy - Five ; Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year
Ring a Ring o' Roses
Swiss versions have the children dancing round a rosebush . Other European singing games with a strong resemblance include `` Roze , roze , meie '' ( `` Rose , rose , May '' ) from The Netherlands with a similar tune to `` Ring a ring o ' roses '' and `` Gira , gira rosa '' ( `` Circle , circle , rose '' ) , recorded in Venice in 1874 , in which girls danced around the girl in the middle who skipped and curtsied as demanded by the verses and at the end kissed the one she liked best , so choosing her for the middle .
One Thousand and One Nights
وَلَقـدْ نَدِمْـتُ عَلى تَفَرُّقِ شَمْــلِنا : : دَهْـرَاً وّفاضَ الدَّمْـعُ مِنْ أَجْفـاني وَنَـذَرْتُ إِنْ عـادَ الزَّمـانُ يَلُمـُّـنا : : لا عُــدْتُ أَذْكُــرُ فُرْقًــةً بِلِســاني هَجَــمَ السُّــرورُ عَلَــيَّ حَتَّـى أَنَّهُ : : مِـنْ فَــرَطِ مـا سَــرَّني أَبْكــــاني يا عَيْـنُ صـارَ الدَّمْـعُ مِنْكِ سِجْيَةً : : تَبْكيــنَ مِـنْ فَـــرَحٍ وَأَحْزانـــــي
You Laughed and Laughed and Laughed
You laughed at my dance , you laughed at my inside . You laughed and laughed and laughed .
Ring Out, Wild Bells
Ring out a slowly dying cause , And ancient forms of party strife ; Ring in the nobler modes of life , With sweeter manners , purer laws .
It Is Well with My Soul
But Lord , ' tis for Thee , for Thy coming we wait , The sky , not the grave , is our goal ; Oh , trump of the angel ! Oh , voice of the Lord ! Blessed hope , blessed rest of my soul .