vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Indian Rebellion of 1857
Colonel Henry Marion Durand , the then - Company resident at Indore , had brushed away any possibility of uprising in Indore . However , on 1 July , sepoys in Holkar 's army revolted and opened fire on the pickets of Bhopal Cavalry . When Colonel Travers rode forward to charge , Bhopal Cavalry refused to follow . The Bhopal Infantry also refused orders and instead levelled their guns at European sergeants and officers . Since all possibility of mounting an effective deterrent was lost , Durand decided to gather up all the European residents and escape , although 39 European residents of Indore were killed .
Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
Spanish forces regrouped under Simon Anda , who had escaped from Manila during the siege . Rebellions fomented by the British were sabotaged by Spanish agents and crushed by Spanish forces . The British were prevented from extending their authority beyond Manila and the nearby port of Cavite . All agreements made between the British commander and Archbishop Rojo were dismissed as illegal . Eventually the British forces started to suffer troop desertions and dissensions within the command .
Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
Despite the agreement at Alinagar , neither side was content with the status quo . The British felt that if they did not assert their position , the French would become the dominant power in Bengal . Siraj ud - Daulah was fearful of being forced to accept British suzerainty . His position was weakened by his unpopularity with his own subjects , and the threat of other military enemies to the west . He began to take steps to drive the British out of Bengal entirely .
Indian Rebellion of 1857
The Jemadar Ishwari Prasad was sentenced to death and hanged on 22 April . The regiment was disbanded and stripped of its uniforms because it was felt that it harboured ill - feelings towards its superiors , particularly after this incident . Shaikh Paltu was promoted to the rank of havildar in the Bengal Army , but was murdered shortly before the 34th BNI dispersed .
Swadeshi movement
So the British tried to curb Bengali influence on the nationalist movement and also introduced a new form of division based on religion to create challenges for the Indian National Congress , which was slowly becoming the main opponent to British rule .
The Emergency (India)
On 12 June 1975 , Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha of the Allahabad High Court found the prime minister guilty on the charge of misuse of government machinery for her election campaign . The court declared her election null and void and unseated her from her seat in the Lok Sabha . The court also banned her from contesting any election for an additional six years . Serious charges such as bribing voters and election malpractices were dropped and she was held responsible for misusing government machinery , and found guilty on charges such as using the state police to build a dais , availing herself of the services of a government officer , Yashpal Kapoor , during the elections before he had resigned from his position , and use of electricity from the state electricity department .
British Hong Kong
The treaty failed to satisfy British expectations of a major expansion of trade and profit , which led to increasing pressure for a revision of the terms . In October 1856 , Chinese authorities in Canton detained the Arrow , a Chinese - owned ship registered in Hong Kong to enjoy protection of the British flag . The Consul in Canton , Harry Parkes , claimed the hauling down of the flag and arrest of the crew were `` an insult of very grave character '' . Parkes and Sir John Bowring , the 4th Governor of Hong Kong , seized the incident to pursue a forward policy . In March 1857 , Palmerston appointed Lord Elgin as Plenipotentiary with the aim of securing a new and satisfactory treaty . A French expeditionary force joined the British to avenge the execution of a French missionary in 1856 . In 1860 , the capture of the Taku Forts and occupation of Beijing led to the Treaty of Tientsin and Convention of Peking . In the Treaty of Tientsin , the Chinese accepted British demands to open more ports , navigate the Yangtze River , legalise the opium trade and have diplomatic representation in Beijing . During the conflict , the British occupied the Kowloon Peninsula , where the flat land was valuable training and resting ground . The area in what is now south of Boundary Street and Stonecutters Island was ceded in the Convention of Peking . Hong
All-India Muslim League
The Muslim League 's earliest base was the United Provinces . The Muslim League successfully mobilised the religious community in the United Provinces in the late 1930s . Jinnah worked closely with local politicians . However , there was a lack of uniform political voice by the League during the 1938 -- 1939 Madhe Sahaba riots of Lucknow . From 1937 onwards , the Muslim League and Jinnah attracted large crowds throughout India in its processions and strikes .
Attack on Pearl Harbor
The attack also had international consequences . The Canadian province of British Columbia , bordering the Pacific Ocean , had long had a large population of Japanese immigrants and their Japanese Canadian descendants . Pre-war tensions were exacerbated by the Pearl Harbor attack , leading to a reaction from the Government of Canada . On February 24 , 1942 , Order - in - Council P.C. no . 1486 was passed under the War Measures Act allowing for the forced removal of any and all Canadians of Japanese descent from British Columbia , as well as the prohibiting from them returning to the province . On 4 March , regulations under the Act were adopted to evacuate Japanese - Canadians . As a result , 12,000 were interned in interior camps , 2,000 were sent to road camps and another 2,000 were forced to work in the prairies at sugar beet farms . Petty
Indian Rebellion of 1857
The next day was Sunday . Some Indian soldiers warned off - duty junior European officers that plans were afoot to release the imprisoned soldiers by force , but the senior officers to whom this was reported took no action . There was also unrest in the city of Meerut itself , with angry protests in the bazaar and some buildings being set on fire . In the evening , most European officers were preparing to attend church , while many of the European soldiers were off duty and had gone into canteens or into the bazaar in Meerut . The Indian troops , led by the 3rd Cavalry , broke into revolt . European junior officers who attempted to quell the first outbreaks were killed by the rebels . European officers ' and civilians ' quarters were attacked , and four civilian men , eight women and eight children were killed . Crowds in the bazaar attacked the off - duty soldiers there . About 50 Indian civilians , some officers ' servants who tried to defend or conceal their employers , were also killed by the sepoys . The sepoys freed their 85 imprisoned comrades from the jail .
Indian Rebellion of 1857
unless it be proven that the grease employed in these cartridges is not of a nature to offend or interfere with the prejudices of caste , it will be expedient not to issue them for test to Native corps .
Black and Tans
In January 1921 , the British Labour Commission produced a report on the situation in Ireland which was highly critical of the government 's security policy . It said the government , in forming the Black and Tans , had `` liberated forces which it is not at present able to dominate '' . However , since 29 December 1920 , the British government had sanctioned `` official reprisals '' in Ireland -- usually meaning burning property of IRA men and their suspected sympathisers . Taken together with an increased emphasis on discipline in the RIC , this helped to curb the random atrocities the Black and Tans committed since March 1920 for the remainder of the war , if only because reprisals were now directed from above rather than being the result of a spontaneous desire for revenge .
Munich Agreement
In my letter of the 18th July , 1941 , I informed your Excellency that the King had decided to accredit an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Dr. Beneš as President of the Czecho - Slovak Republic . I explained that this decision implied that His Majesty 's Government in the United Kingdom regarded the juridical position of the President and Government of the Czecho - Slovak Republic as identical with that of the other Allied heads of States and Governments established in this country . The status of His Majesty 's representative has recently been raised to that of an Ambassador .
Munich Agreement
The Prime Minister had already stated in a message broadcast to the Czecho - Slovak people on the 30th September , 1940 , the attitude of His Majesty 's Government in regard to the arrangements reached at Munich in 1938 . Mr. Churchill then said that the Munich Agreement had been destroyed by the Germans . This statement was formally communicated to Dr. Beneš on the 11th November , 1940 .
Kenya
The capture of Warũhiũ Itote ( also known as General China ) on 15 January 1954 and the subsequent interrogation led to a better understanding of the Mau Mau command structure . Operation Anvil opened on 24 April 1954 , after weeks of planning by the army with the approval of the War Council . The operation effectively placed Nairobi under military siege . Nairobi 's occupants were screened and the Mau Mau supporters moved to detention camps . The Home Guard formed the core of the government 's strategy as it was composed of loyalist Africans , not foreign forces such as the British Army and King 's African Rifles . By the end of the emergency , the Home Guard had killed 4,686 Mau Mau , amounting to 42 % of the total insurgents .
Mount Everest
News of the expedition 's success reached London on the morning of Queen Elizabeth II 's coronation , 2 June . Returning to Kathmandu a few days later , Hunt ( a Briton ) and Hillary ( a New Zealander ) discovered that they had been promptly knighted in the Order of the British Empire for the ascent . Tenzing , a Nepali Sherpa who was a citizen of India , was granted the George Medal by the UK . Hunt was ultimately made a life peer in Britain , while Hillary became a founding member of the Order of New Zealand . Hillary and Tenzing are also recognised in Nepal , where annual ceremonies in schools and offices celebrate their accomplishment .
All-India Muslim League
The League rejected the Committee report ( the Nehru Report ) , arguing that it gave too little representation ( only one quarter ) to Muslims , established Devanagari as the official language of the colony , and demanded that India turn into a de facto unitary state , with residuary powers resting at the centre -- the League had demanded at least one - third representation in the legislature and sizeable autonomy for the Muslim provinces . Jinnah reported a `` parting of the ways '' after his requests for minor amendments to the proposal were denied outright , and relations between the Congress and the League began to sour .
Borneo
Towards the end of the war , Japan decided to give an early independence to a new proposed country of Indonesia on 17 July 1945 , with an Independence Committee meeting scheduled for 19 August 1945 . However , following the surrender of Japan to the Allied forces , the meeting was shelved . Sukarno and Hatta continued the plan by unilaterally declaring independence , although the Dutch tried to retake their colonial possession in Borneo . The southern part of the island achieved its independence through the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on 17 August 1945 . The reaction was relatively muted with little open fighting in Pontianak or in the Chinese majority areas . While nationalist guerrillas supporting the inclusion of southern Borneo in the new Indonesian republic were active in Ketapang , and to lesser extent in Sambas where they rallied with the red - white flag which became the flag of Indonesia , most of the Chinese residents in southern Borneo expected to be liberate by Chinese Nationalist troops from Mainland China and to integrate their districts as an overseas province of China .
The Emergency (India)
A few days later censorship was imposed on newspapers . The Delhi edition of the Indian Express on 28 June , carried a blank editorial , while the Financial Express reproduced in large type Rabindranath Tagore 's poem `` Where the mind is without fear '' .
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
After the Liaoning Provincial government fled Mukden , it was replaced by a `` Peoples Preservation Committee '' which declared the secession of Liaoning province from the Republic of China . Other secessionist movements were organized in Japanese - occupied Kirin by General Xi Qia head of the `` New Kirin '' Army , and at Harbin , by General Chang Ching - hui . In early October , at Taonan in northwest Liaoning province , General Zhang Haipeng declared his district independent of China , in return for a shipment of a large quantity of military supplies by the Japanese Army .
Labour Party (UK)
In opposition MacDonald continued his policy of presenting the Labour Party as a moderate force . During the General Strike of 1926 the party opposed the general strike , arguing that the best way to achieve social reforms was through the ballot box . The leaders were also fearful of Communist influence orchestrated from Moscow .
Swadeshi movement
Passive resistance could not go for long and its ultimate result could never be in doubt . This was the genesis of the sudden emergence of a network of secret revolutionary organizations which were determined to meet the Government on equal terms , by collectively arms and opposing terrorism by terrorism .
The Emergency (India)
Because the court unseated her on comparatively frivolous charges , while she was acquitted on more serious charges , The Times described it as `` firing the Prime Minister for a traffic ticket '' . Her supporters organized mass pro-Indira demonstrations in the streets of Delhi close to the Prime Minister 's residence . The persistent efforts of Narain were praised worldwide as it took over four years for Justice Sinha to pass judgement against the prime minister .
Early Nationalists
In 1887 , Dufferin attacked the Early Nationalists in a speech and ridiculed it as representing only a microscopic minority of the people . British officials criticised the Nationalists and branded its leader as `` disloyal babus '' and `` violent villains '' .
English Civil War
Following these events of August , the representative of Venice in England reported to the doge that the London government took considerable measures to stifle dissent .
Munich Agreement
During the Second World War , British Prime Minister Churchill , who opposed the agreement when it was signed , became determined that the terms of the agreement would not be upheld after the war and that the Sudeten territories should be returned to postwar Czechoslovakia . On 5 August 1942 , Foreign Minister Anthony Eden sent the following note to Jan Masaryk :
Subhas Chandra Bose
His political views and the alliances he made with Nazi and other militarist regimes at war with Britain have been the cause of arguments among historians and politicians , with some accusing him of fascist sympathies , while others in India have been more sympathetic towards the realpolitik that guided his social and political choices .
The Emergency (India)
Within the Congress , Indira ruthlessly outmanoeuvred her rivals , forcing the party to split in 1969 -- into the Congress ( O ) ( comprising the old - guard known as the `` Syndicate '' ) and her Congress ( R ) . A majority of the All - India Congress Committee and Congress MPs sided with the prime minister . Indira 's party was of a different breed from the Congress of old , which had been a robust institution with traditions of internal democracy . In the Congress ( R ) , on the other hand , members quickly realised that their progress within the ranks depended solely on their loyalty to Indira Gandhi and her family , and ostentatious displays of sycophancy became routine . In the coming years , Indira 's influence was such that she could install hand - picked loyalists as chief ministers of states , rather than their being elected by the Congress legislative party .
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
He was against State institutions imparting denominational religious instruction as it was against the secular vision of the Indian State .
All-India Muslim League
In 1955 , the United Front named Abu Hussain Sarkar as the Chief minister of the State who ruled the state in two non-consecutive terms until 1958 when the martial law was imposed . The Muslim League remained to be a minor party in East Pakistan but participated with full rigour during the general elections in 1970 . It had won 10 seats from East Pakistan and 7 seats from other parts of Pakistan . After the independence of Bangladesh , the Muslim League was revived in 1976 but it was reduced , rendering it insignificant in the political arena .
Subhas Chandra Bose
Bose first expressed his preference for `` a synthesis of what modern Europe calls socialism and fascism '' in a 1930 speech in Calcutta . Bose later criticized Nehru 's 1933 statement that there is `` no middle road '' between communism and fascism , describing it as `` fundamentally wrong '' . Bose believed communism would not gain ground in India due to its rejection of nationalism and religion and suggested a `` synthesis between communism and fascism '' could take hold instead . In 1944 , Bose similarly stated , `` Our philosophy should be a synthesis between National Socialism and communism . ''
History of India
Along with the desire for independence , tensions between Hindus and Muslims had also been developing over the years . The Muslims had always been a minority within the subcontinent , and the prospect of an exclusively Hindu government made them wary of independence ; they were as inclined to mistrust Hindu rule as they were to resist the foreign Raj , although Gandhi called for unity between the two groups in an astonishing display of leadership .
1946 Cabinet Mission to India
In the formation of a Provisional or other governance , Congressmen can never give up the national character of Congress , or accept an artificial and unjust parity , or agree to a veto of a communal group . The Committee are unable to accept the proposals for formation of an Interim Government as contained in the statement of June 16 . The Committee have , however , decided that the Congress should join the proposed Constituent Assembly with a view to framing the Constitution of a free , united and democratic India .
All-India Muslim League
All over the country , the political parties had favoured the general elections in Pakistan with the exception of Muslim League . In 1954 , the legislative elections were to be held for the Parliament . Unlike in West , not all of the Hindu population migrated to India , instead a large number of Hindu population was in fact presented in the state . The communist influence deepened and was finally realised in the elections . The United Front , Communist Party and the Awami League returned to power , inflicting a severe defeat to Muslim League . Out of 309 , the Muslim League only won 10 seats , whereas the communist party had 4 seats of the ten contested . The communists working with other parties had secured 22 additional seats , totalling 26 seats . The right - wing Jamaat - e-Islami had completely failed in the elections .
All-India Muslim League
The British and the Indian Press vehemently criticised these two different schemes and created a confusion about the authorship of the word `` Pakistan '' to such an extent that even Jawaharlal Nehru had to write :
Vedaranyam March
A month later , Rajagopalachari was unanimously elected as the president of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee ( TNCC ) at the conference held in Vellore . T.S.S. Rajan was elected as the secretary , while Panthulu Iyer , Swaminatha Chetty , Lakshmipathi , A. Vaidyanatha Iyer and N.S. Varathachariyar were among the prominent members of the committee . In the meanwhile , the party headquarters was shifted from Madras to Trichinopoly . A month later , Rajagopalachari intended to initiate a protest -- on the lines of Dandi March -- on the eastern coast to make salt at Vedaranyam , Tanjore District , Madras Presidency . Rajaji initially thought of choosing Kanyakumari , the point where the Arabian Sea , the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean confluence with each other . Since the TNCC had decided not to conduct Satyagraha in non-native states , Kanyakumari , which was then a part of the princely state of Travancore , was ruled out . Vedaratnam Pillai , an active congressman and a resident of Vedaranyam , convinced Rajaji that his hometown be the preferred destination . Rajaji agreed with his idea as there were `` convenient '' salt marshes at the Agasthiampalli salt factory , which was located near Vedaranyam . Further , Pillai was also a licensee of the salt factory and had knowledge about the manufacturing of salt . Further , Rajaji was influenced by the location of the town ; it was a part of the Tanjore District , which was a Congress stronghold .
All-India Muslim League
Hindus and the Muslims belong to two different religions , philosophies , social customs and literature ... It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims derive their inspiration from different sources of history . They have different epics , different heroes and different episodes ... To yoke together two such nations under a single state , one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority , must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built up for the government of such a state .
Labour Party (UK)
As the threat from Nazi Germany increased , in the late 1930s the Labour Party gradually abandoned its pacifist stance and came to support re-armament , largely due to the efforts of Ernest Bevin and Hugh Dalton who by 1937 had also persuaded the party to oppose Neville Chamberlain 's policy of appeasement .
Appeasement
A few on the left said that Chamberlain looked forward to a war between Germany and Russia . The Labour Party leader Clement Attlee claimed in one political speech in 1937 that the National Government had connived at German rearmament `` because of its hatred of Russia '' . British Communists , following the party line defined by Joseph Stalin , argued that appeasement had been a pro-Fascist policy and that the British ruling class would have preferred fascism to socialism . The Communist MP Willie Gallacher said that `` many prominent representatives of the Conservative Party , speaking for powerful landed and financial interests in the country , would welcome Hitler and the German Army if they believed that such was the only alternative to the establishment of Socialism in this country . '' Public
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
Vinay Maloo , billionaire businessman Yusuff Ali M.A. , A billionaire businessman from Kerala , Founder & MD of Lulu Group International , LuLu International Shopping Mall Parvataneni Brahmayya , founder of Brahmayya & Co. 1st CA firm in South India Radhe Shyam Agarwal , co-founder and Executive Chairman of Emami Srikanth Balachandran , Global CHRO of Bharti Airtel Pramod Bhasin , President , CEO , Genpact Kumar Mangalam Birla , Chairman of Aditya Birla Group , billionaire , among top 10 richest Indians Niranjan Hiranandani , Real estate tycoon , Founder , Hiranandini Group , billionaire , among Top 100 richest Indians Krish Iyer , CEO of Walmart India Rakesh Jhunjhunwala , noted Investor ( `` the Warren Buffett of India '' ) , billionaire , among Top 100 richest Indians Shekar Kapur , Film Naina Lal Kidwai , first Indian woman who pursued MBA from Harvard University , Group General Manager and Country Head of HSBC India TK Kurien , CEO of Wipro H.V. Lodha , Chairman of Birla Corporation , suspended by ICAI in 2014 for malpractice R.S. Lodha , former Chairman , Birla Corporation T.N. Manoharan , Padma Shri awardee Keki Mistry , Vice Chairman