vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
List of The Vampire Diaries characters
Alaric J. Saltzman , known as `` Ric '' ( based on Alaric K. Saltzman from the novels ) , was the history teacher at Mystic Falls High School . Alaric originally comes to town to kill Damon , to avenge his wife . However , it was later revealed that his wife , Isobel Flemming , requested that Damon turn her into a vampire . Alaric then starts to become friends with Damon . Alaric owns a Gilbert Ring , which he obtained from Isobel , which prevents him from being killed by anything supernatural . However , John Gilbert later claims the ring . Alaric starts a relationship with Jenna Sommers . In the second season , Gilbert starts causing trouble between Jenna and Alaric , and Jenna leaves when she meets Isobel and knows Alaric has been keeping secrets from her . His body was later possessed by Klaus to gain the group 's trust . Eventually Klaus releases Alaric , who gets back together with Jenna , but soon afterwards Klaus turns Jenna into a vampire and kills her for his sacrifice ritual , leaving Alaric heartbroken . In season three , Alaric moves in with Elena and Jeremy to take care of them , and represents the Gilbert family on the Founders ' Council . He later starts dating council - member Meredith Fell , a local doctor .
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword
Writing for The Guardian , Peter Bradshaw gave the film a generally positive review : `` Guy Ritchie 's cheerfully ridiculous Arthur is a gonzo monarch , a death - metal warrior - king . Ritchie 's film is at all times over the top , crashing around its digital landscapes in all manner of beserkness , sometimes whooshing along , sometimes stuck in the odd narrative doldrum . But it is often surprisingly entertaining , and whatever clunkers he has delivered in the past , Ritchie again shows that a film - maker of his craft and energy commands attention , and part of his confidence in reviving King Arthur resides here in being so unselfconscious and unconcerned about the student canon that has gone before . ''
Southern strategy
Some scholars claim that Nixon succeeded , by leading a principled assault on de jure school desegregation . Others claim that he failed , by orchestrating a politically expedient surrender to de facto school segregation . A close examination of the evidence , however , reveals that in the area of school desegregation , Nixon 's record was a mixture of principle and politics , progress and paralysis , success and failure . In the end , he was neither simply the cowardly architect of a racially insensitive `` Southern strategy '' which condoned segregation , nor the courageous conductor of a politically risky `` not - so - Southern strategy '' which condemned it .
The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night
He ( Wright ) made a comparison of the respective versions of the Nights by Burton and Payne . We know , not only from Richard 's and Isabel 's writings but from the statements of people who met him through the years , that Burton had been collecting manuscripts of the Nights stories and translating them , on and off , for over twenty - five years before he met Payne . So Wright 's claim that Burton had not done his own translation , but had `` taken from Payne at least three - quarters of his entire work '' , is extraordinary .
The White Queen (TV series)
Frances Tomelty as Lady Beauchamp , mother of Lady Margaret Beaufort Michael Maloney as Sir Henry Stafford , third husband of Lady Margaret Beaufort Ben Lamb as Anthony Woodville , 2nd Earl Rivers Hugh Mitchell as Richard Welles , half - brother of Lady Margaret Beaufort Rupert Young as Sir William Herbert , Lord Pembroke Robert Pugh as Baron Rivers ( later Earl Rivers ) , father of Elizabeth Woodville Rupert Graves as Lord Stanley , the fourth husband of Lady Margaret Beaufort Andrew Gower , as Lord Strange , son of Lord Stanley Shaun Dooley , as Sir Robert Brackenbury Arthur Darvill , as Henry Stafford , Duke of Buckingham Emily Berrington , as Jane Shore , Edward IV 's mistress Andreas Perschewski as Louis XI of France
Game of Thrones
Despite its otherwise enthusiastic reception by critics , Game of Thrones has been criticized for the amount of female nudity , violence , and sexual violence ( especially against women ) it depicts , and for the manner in which it depicts these themes . The Atlantic called the series ' `` tendency to ramp up the sex , violence , and -- especially -- sexual violence '' of the source material `` the defining weakness '' of the adaptation . George R.R. Martin responded that he feels obliged to be truthful about history and human nature , and that rape and sexual violence are common in war ; and that omitting them from the narrative would have rung false and undermined one of his novels ' themes , its historical realism . HBO said that they `` fully support the vision and artistry of Dan and David 's exceptional work and we feel this work speaks for itself . ''
The Merchant of Venice
English society in the Elizabethan era has been described as `` judeophobic '' . English Jews had been expelled under Edward I in 1290 and were not permitted to return until 1656 under the rule of Oliver Cromwell . In Venice and in some other places , Jews were required to wear a red hat at all times in public to make sure that they were easily identified , and had to live in a ghetto protected by Christian guards .
The Deer Hunter
Film critic and biographer David Thomson also agrees that the film works despite the controversy : `` There were complaints that the North Vietnamese had not employed Russian roulette . It was said that the scenes in Saigon were fanciful or imagined . It was also suggested that De Niro , Christopher Walken , and John Savage were too old to have enlisted for Vietnam ( Savage , the youngest of the three , was 28 ) . Three decades later , ' imagination ' seems to have stilled those worries ... and The Deer Hunter is one of the great American films . ''
The Passion of the Christ
Bob Smithouser of Plugged in Online believed that film was trying to convey the evils and sins of humanity rather than specifically targeting Jews , stating : `` The anthropomorphic portrayal of Satan as a player in these events brilliantly pulls the proceedings into the supernatural realm -- a fact that should have quelled the much - publicized cries of anti-Semitism since it shows a diabolical force at work beyond any political and religious agendas of the Jews and Romans . ''
Spanish Armada
On 8 August ( 18 August New Style ) , Elizabeth went to Tilbury to encourage her forces , and the next day , per legend , arrived on horseback in her own personal battle armour ( and thus showing to the assembled warriors that she was prepared to fight with them in the ensuing battle to her own death ) . She gave to them her Royal address , which is probably her most famous speech . It survives in six different versions , each vying to be the authentic report of her words on that day . One version is as follows :
An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture
The shorter portion of Newton 's dissertation was concerned with 1 Timothy 3 : 16 , which reads ( in the King James Version ) :
The Devil Wears Prada (film)
Liz Jones , former editor of British Marie Claire , wrote in the Daily Mail that the movie was `` a chilling reminder of the most surreal three years of my life . '' The only detail she found inaccurate was the absence of flowers in Miranda 's Paris hotel room -- during her tenure as editor , her rooms there or in Milan received so many flowers from designers that she thought she `` had died prematurely . '' She personally vouched for Miranda 's personality : `` It took only a few weeks in the job for me to mutate into that strangely exotic and spoilt creature : the magazine maven , whose every whim , like those of Miranda ... must be pandered to . ''
The White Queen (TV series)
The Gothic Hall in Bruges ' Town Hall represents Westminster Hall Church of Our Lady in Bruges represents St Stephen 's Chapel in the old Palace of Westminster Heilige Geeststraat in Bruges represents a medieval London street Basilica of the Holy Blood in Bruges represents Tower of London In Ghent filming took place in the Castle of the Counts ( Gravensteen ) , Saint Peter 's Abbey ( Sint - Pietersabdij ) , Saint Bavo 's Abbey ( Sint - Baafsabdij ) , Cloth hall ( Lakenhalle ) , Castle of Gerald the Devil ( Geeraard de Duivelsteen ) , Saint Bavo Cathedral ( Sint - Baafskathedraal ) , and Agustijnklooster ( Academiestraat ) . Additional filming took place at Rumbeke , in Damme , and at Ursel Airfield -- 23 locations for the first three episodes . The rest of the set was constructed at a nearby Philips factory .
The Merchant of Venice
Meanwhile , in Belmont , Portia is awash with suitors . Her father left a will stipulating each of her suitors must choose correctly from one of three caskets -- one each of gold , silver and lead . If he picks the right casket , he gets Portia . The first suitor , the Prince of Morocco , chooses the gold casket , interpreting its slogan , `` Who chooseth me shall gain what many men desire '' , as referring to Portia . The second suitor , the conceited Prince of Arragon , chooses the silver casket , which proclaims , `` Who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves '' , as he believes he is full of merit . Both suitors leave empty - handed , having rejected the lead casket because of the baseness of its material and the uninviting nature of its slogan , `` Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath '' . The last suitor is Bassanio , whom Portia wishes to succeed , having met him before . As Bassanio ponders his choice , members of Portia 's household sing a song which says that `` fancy '' ( not true love ) is `` engend'red in the eyes , / With gazing fed '' ; Bassanio chooses the lead casket and wins Portia 's hand . A
The Comedy of Errors
Law professor Eric Heinze , however , claims that particularly notable in the play is a series of social relationships , which is in crisis as it sheds its feudal forms , and confronts the market forces of early modern Europe .
Portia (The Merchant of Venice)
`` The quality of mercy is not strain 'd . It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath . It is twice blest : It blesseth him that gives and him that takes . ''
The Merchant of Venice
As the court grants Shylock his bond and Antonio prepares for Shylock 's knife , Portia deftly appropriates Shylock 's argument for `` specific performance '' . She says that the contract allows Shylock only to remove the flesh , not the `` blood '' , of Antonio ( see quibble ) . Thus , if Shylock were to shed any drop of Antonio 's blood , his `` lands and goods '' would be forfeited under Venetian laws . She tells him that he must cut precisely one pound of flesh , no more , no less ; she advises him that `` if the scale do turn , But in the estimation of a hair , Thou diest and all thy goods are confiscate . ''
The Merchant of Venice
In Hey Arnold ! episode , `` Eating Contest / Rhonda 's Glasses , '' Rhonda , becoming fed up with the treatment toward the geeks , yells `` If you prick us , do we not bleed ? If you tickle us , do we not laugh ? , '' a direct quote from Shylock 's famous speech .
The Merchant of Venice
In both versions of the comic film To Be or Not to Be the character `` Greenberg '' , specified as a Jew only in the later version , gives a recitation of the `` Hath Not a Jew eyes ? '' speech to Nazi soldiers .
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
The recent Bollywood movie Kapoor and Sons also drew its inspiration from the play .
The Merchant of Venice
Jane Lindskold 's book Changer contains a scene in which the protagonists consider `` using Portia 's gambit from The Merchant of Venice '' to escape from a situation and binding contract analogous to Antonio 's .
The Merchant of Venice
Ralph Vaughan Williams ' choral work Serenade to Music draws its text from the discussion about music and the music of the spheres in Act V , scene 1 .
The Merchant of Venice
At Venice , Antonio 's ships are reported lost at sea so the merchant can not repay the bond . Shylock has become more determined to exact revenge from Christians because his daughter Jessica eloped with the Christian Lorenzo and converted . She took a substantial amount of Shylock 's wealth with her , as well as a turquoise ring which Shylock had been given by his late wife , Leah . Shylock has Antonio brought before court .
Nick Bottom
Some of the more successful interpretations of Nick Bottom are those of Samuel Phelps , Herbert Beerbohm Tree , Ralph Richardson , Stewart Wright , Andrew Blake , as well as Paul Rogers . Actors who have played the role on film include Paul Rogers , James Cagney and Kevin Kline . In the BBC Television Shakespeare version he is played by Brian Glover .
The Merchant of Venice
Bassanio , a young Venetian of noble rank , wishes to woo the beautiful and wealthy heiress Portia of Belmont . Having squandered his estate , he needs 3,000 ducats to subsidise his expenditures as a suitor . Bassanio approaches his friend Antonio , a wealthy merchant of Venice who has previously and repeatedly bailed him out . Antonio agrees , but since he is cash - poor -- his ships and merchandise are busy at sea -- he promises to cover a bond if Bassanio can find a lender , so Bassanio turns to the Jewish moneylender Shylock and names Antonio as the loan 's guarantor .
Cold War
In the USSR itself , glasnost weakened the bonds that held the Soviet Union together and by February 1990 , with the dissolution of the USSR looming , the Communist Party was forced to surrender its 73 - year - old monopoly on state power . At the same time freedom of press and dissent allowed by glasnost and the festering `` nationalities question '' increasingly led the Union 's component republics to declare their autonomy from Moscow , with the Baltic states withdrawing from the Union entirely .
Apartheid
Between 1987 -- 1993 , the National Party entered into bilateral negotiations with the African National Congress , the leading anti-apartheid political movement , for ending segregation and introducing majority rule . In 1990 , prominent ANC figures such as Nelson Mandela were released from prison . Apartheid legislation was repealed on 17 June 1991 , pending fully democratic , multiracial elections set for April 1994 .
We Didn't Start the Fire
Watergate : Political scandal that began when the Democratic National Committee 's headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington , D.C. was broken into . After the break - in , word began to spread that President Richard Nixon may have known about the break - in , and tried to cover it up . The scandal would ultimately result in the resignation of President Nixon ; to date , this remains the only time that anyone has ever resigned the United States Presidency . Punk rock : Blondie and The Ramones form , with the Sex Pistols following in 1975 , ushering in the punk era . 1976
Apartheid
By the late - 1980s , with the tide of the Cold War turning and no sign of a political resolution in South Africa , Western patience began to run out . By 1989 , a bipartisan Republican / Democratic initiative in the US favoured economic sanctions ( realised as the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 ) , the release of Nelson Mandela and a negotiated settlement involving the ANC . Thatcher too began to take a similar line , but insisted on the suspension of the ANC 's armed struggle .
Apartheid
Apartheid was dismantled in a series of negotiations from 1990 to 1991 , culminating in a transitional period which resulted in the country 's 1994 general elections , the first in South Africa held with universal suffrage .
Lithuania
The Helsinki Group , which was founded in Lithuania after the international conference in Helsinki ( Finland ) , where the post-WWII borders were acknowledged , announced a declaration for Lithuania 's independence on foreign radio station . The dissident movement lifted up the spirit of the people and did not allow forgetting history and national values . The Helsinki Group informed the Western world about the situation in the Soviet Lithuania and violations of human rights . All these activities made Moscow to soften its grip . With the beginning of the increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities ( glasnost ) in the Soviet Union , on June 3 , 1988 , the Sąjūdis was established in Lithuania . Very soon it began to seek country 's independence . Vytautas Landsbergis became movement 's leader . The supporters of Sąjūdis joined movement 's groups all over Lithuania . On 23 August 1988 a big rally took place at the Vingis Park in Vilnius . It was attended by approx. 250 000 people . A year later , on 23 August 1989 celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact and aiming to draw the attention of the whole world to the occupation of the Baltic States , a political demonstration , the Baltic Way , was organized . The event , led by Sąjūdis , was a human chain spanning about 600 kilometers across the three Baltic capitals -- Vilnius , Riga and Tallinn . The peaceful demonstration showed the desire of the people of Lithuania , Latvia and Estonia to break away from the USSR . 1990
Cold War
On 3 December 1989 , Gorbachev and Reagan 's successor , George H.W. Bush , declared the Cold War over at the Malta Summit ; a year later , the two former rivals were partners in the Gulf War against Iraq .
History of democracy
New waves of democracy swept across Southern Europe in the 1970s , as a number of right - wing nationalist dictatorships fell from power . Later , in Central and Eastern Europe in the late 1980s , the communist states in the USSR sphere of influence were also replaced with liberal democracies .
Cold War
East -- West tensions rapidly subsided through the mid-to - late 1980s , culminating with the final summit in Moscow in 1989 , when Gorbachev and George H.W. Bush signed the START I arms control treaty . During the following year it became apparent to the Soviets that oil and gas subsidies , along with the cost of maintaining massive troops levels , represented a substantial economic drain . In addition , the security advantage of a buffer zone was recognised as irrelevant and the Soviets officially declared that they would no longer intervene in the affairs of allied states in Central and Eastern Europe .
Cold War
Gorbachev 's permissive attitude toward Central and Eastern Europe did not initially extend to Soviet territory ; even Bush , who strove to maintain friendly relations , condemned the January 1991 killings in Latvia and Lithuania , privately warning that economic ties would be frozen if the violence continued . The USSR was fatally weakened by a failed coup and a growing number of Soviet republics , particularly Russia , who threatened to secede from the USSR . The Commonwealth of Independent States , created on 21 December 1991 , is viewed as a successor entity to the Soviet Union but , according to Russia 's leaders , its purpose was to `` allow a civilized divorce '' between the Soviet Republics and is comparable to a loose confederation . The USSR was declared officially dissolved on 26 December 1991 .
United States
The late 1980s brought a `` thaw '' in relations with the USSR , and its collapse in 1991 finally ended the Cold War . This brought about unipolarity with the U.S. unchallenged as the world 's dominant superpower . The concept of Pax Americana , which had appeared in the post-World War II period , gained wide popularity as a term for the post-Cold War new world order .
Cold War
In 1968 , a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia called the Prague Spring took place that included `` Action Program '' of liberalizations , which described increasing freedom of the press , freedom of speech and freedom of movement , along with an economic emphasis on consumer goods , the possibility of a multiparty government , limiting the power of the secret police and potentially withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact . Leonid
Czechoslovakia
In 1989 , the Velvet Revolution restored democracy . This occurred at around the same time as the fall of communism in Romania , Bulgaria , Hungary and Poland . Within three years communist rule was extirpated from Europe .
Apartheid
On 11 February 1990 , Nelson Mandela was released from Victor Verster Prison after more than 27 years of confinement .
Apartheid
Having been instructed by the UN Security Council to end its long - standing involvement in South West Africa / Namibia , and in the face of military stalemate in Southern Angola , and an escalation in the size and cost of the combat with the Cubans , the Angolans , and SWAPO forces and the growing cost of the border war , South Africa negotiated a change of control ; Namibia became independent on 21 March 1990 .
We Didn't Start the Fire
Ayatollah 's in Iran : During the Iranian Revolution of 1979 , the West - backed and secular Shah is overthrown as the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini gains power after years in exile and creates an Islamic society Russians in Afghanistan : Following their move into Afghanistan on December 24 , Soviet forces fight a ten - year war up until 1989 .
Apartheid
In 1990 negotiations were earnestly begun , with two meetings between the government and the ANC . The purpose of the negotiations was to pave the way for talks towards a peaceful transition towards majority rule . These meetings were successful in laying down the preconditions for negotiations , despite the considerable tensions still abounding within the country . Apartheid legislation was abolished in 1991 .
Modern history
European trade blocs as of the late 1980s . EEC member states are marked in blue , EFTA -- green , and Comecon -- red . East and West in 1980 , as defined by the Cold War . The Cold War had divided Europe politically into East and West , with the Iron Curtain splitting Central Europe .
Democracy
Economic malaise in the 1980s , along with resentment of Soviet oppression , contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union , the associated end of the Cold War , and the democratisation and liberalisation of the former Eastern bloc countries . The most successful of the new democracies were those geographically and culturally closest to western Europe , and they are now members or candidate members of the European Union . In 1986 , after the toppling of the most prominent Asian dictatorship , the only democratic state of its kind at the time emerged in the Philippines with the rise of Corazon Aquino , who would later be known as the Mother of Asian Democracy . Corazon
Victory in Europe Day
Upon the defeat of Germany , celebrations erupted throughout the western world . From Moscow to Los Angeles , people celebrated .
South Africa
In 1990 the National Party government took the first step towards dismantling discrimination when it lifted the ban on the African National Congress and other political organisations . It released Nelson Mandela from prison after 27 years ' serving a sentence for sabotage . A negotiation process followed . With approval from a predominantly white referendum , the government repealed apartheid legislation . South Africa also destroyed its nuclear arsenal and acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty . South Africa held its first universal elections in 1994 , which the ANC won by an overwhelming majority . It has been in power ever since . The country rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations and became a member of the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) . Nelson