vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Mass production
One of the descriptions of mass production is that `` the skill is built into the tool '' , which means that the worker using the tool may not need the skill . For example , in the 19th or early 20th century , this could be expressed as `` the craftsmanship is in the workbench itself '' ( not the training of the worker ) . Rather than having a skilled worker measure every dimension of each part of the product against the plans or the other parts as it is being formed , there were jigs ready at hand to ensure that the part was made to fit this set - up . It had already been checked that the finished part would be to specifications to fit all the other finished parts -- and it would be made more quickly , with no time spent on finishing the parts to fit one another . Later , once computerized control came about ( for example , CNC ) , jigs were obviated , but it remained true that the skill ( or knowledge ) was built into the tool ( or process , or documentation ) rather than residing in the worker 's head . This is the specialized capital required for mass production ; each workbench and set of tools ( or each CNC cell , or each fractionating column ) is different ( fine - tuned to its task ) .
Wind turbine
Older turbines were in some early cases not required to be removed when reaching the end of their life . Some still stand , waiting to be recycled or repowered .
Pillow
Fillers are chosen on the basis of comfort , resilience , cost and to a lesser extent for ethical and health reasons . The most common synthetic fillers are foam , synthetic plastic fibers ( typically polyester ) and viscoelastic foam and latex . Synthetic fillers are more common as they are comfortable , inexpensive and retain their form longer . Natural fillers have been used since antiquity . The most common are feathers , or down , wool , cotton ( particularly in India ) , buckwheat ( in Asia ) . Historically , materials have included straw , wood or stone . Feathers and down are usually the most comfortable and common ; they offer the advantage of softness and their ability to conform to shapes desired by the user , but are the most expensive . Down has been known to be plucked from live geese . There are currently hypoallergenic and cruelty - free varieties of down pillows to allow people sensitive to down to enjoy the comfort of feather or down pillows . In India , traditional pillows are usually made with plant - borne materials , such as the fluffy , glossy fruit - fibres of silk - cotton tree ( Ceiba pentandra and Bombax ceiba ) .
Glock
Glock pistols chambered for the . 45 ACP ( and the . 45 GAP ) feature octagonal polygonal rifling rather than the hexagonal shaped bores used for models in most other chamberings . Octagonal rifling provides a better gas seal in relatively large diameter rifled bores , since an octagon resembles a circle more closely than a hexagon .
Glock
Glock has updated its basic design several times throughout its production history . Commentators had long separated the large changes into generations . Glock eventually accepted this nomenclature with their `` Gen4 '' models . Second
Glock
As is typical of pistols chambered in . 40 S&W , each of the standard Glock models ( 22 , 23 , and 27 ) may be easily converted to the corresponding . 357 SIG chambering ( Glock 31 , 32 , and 33 , respectively ) simply by replacing the barrel . No other parts need to be replaced , as the . 40 S&W magazines will feed the . 357 SIG rounds .
Glock
Glock pistols are made in five form factors , all modeled after the original full - sized Glock 17 . `` Standard '' models are designed as full - sized duty firearms with a large magazine capacity . `` Compact '' models are slightly smaller with reduced magazine capacity and lighter weight , while maintaining a usable grip length . `` Subcompact '' models are designed for easier carry , and being lighter and shorter , are intended to be used with two fingers on the grip below the trigger guard , and lack an accessory rail like the larger , after generation two , Glock models . The . 45 ACP and 10mm Auto models have bigger , wider slides and are slightly larger than the smaller - chambered pistols and are available in the subcompact models Glock 29 ( 10mm ) and Glock 30 (. 45 ACP ) . Glock produces three models of single - stack `` Slimline '' subcompact pistols , the Glock 36 in . 45 ACP , the Glock 42 in . 380 ACP , and the Glock 43 in 9 x19 mm . `` Competition '' versions have longer barrels and slides , adjustable sights , an extended slide and magazine release .
Glock
As is typical of pistols chambered in . 357 SIG , each of the standard Glock models ( 31 , 32 , and 33 ) may be easily converted to the corresponding . 40 S&W chambering ( Glock 22 , 23 , and 27 , respectively ) simply by replacing the barrel . No other parts need to be replaced , as the . 357 SIG magazines will feed the . 40 S&W round .
Wind turbine
A subtype of Darrieus turbine with straight , as opposed to curved , blades . The cycloturbine variety has variable pitch to reduce the torque pulsation and is self - starting . The advantages of variable pitch are : high starting torque ; a wide , relatively flat torque curve ; a higher coefficient of performance ; more efficient operation in turbulent winds ; and a lower blade speed ratio which lowers blade bending stresses . Straight , V , or curved blades may be used . Savonius
Smocking
F. Honeycomb stitch : a medium density variant on the cable stitch that double stitches each set of gathers and provides more spacing between them , with an intervening diagonal stitch concealed on the reverse side of the fabric .
Wind turbine
Modern turbines usually have a small onboard crane for hoisting maintenance tools and minor components . However , large heavy components like generator , gearbox , blades and so on are rarely replaced and a heavy lift external crane is needed in those cases . If the turbine has a difficult access road , a containerized crane can be lifted up by the internal crane to provide heavier lifting .
Mechanised agriculture
Strawberries are a high cost - high value crop with the economics supporting mechanisation . In 2005 , picking and hauling costs were estimated at $594 per ton or 51 % of the total grower cost . However , the delicate nature of fruit make it an unlikely candidate for mechanisation in the near future . A strawberry harvester developed by Shibuya Seiki and unveiled in Japan in 2013 is able to pick a strawberry every eight seconds . The robot identifies which strawberries are ready to pick by using three separate cameras and then once identified as ready , a mechanised arm snips the fruit free and gently places it in a basket . The robot moves on rails between the rows of strawberries which are generally contained within elevated greenhouses . The machine costs 5 million yen . A new strawberry harvester made by Agrobot that will harvest strawberries on raised , hydroponic beds using 60 robotic arms is expected to be released in 2016 .
Alternative energy
Second - generation biofuels technologies are able to manufacture biofuels from inedible biomass and could hence prevent conversion of food into fuel . '' As of July 2010 , there is one commercial second - generation ( 2G ) ethanol plant Inbicon Biomass Refinery , which is operating in Denmark .
Olive oil extraction
Olive oil mills very rarely use a modern crushing method with a traditional press .
Olive oil extraction
The separated oil and vegetation water are then rerun through a vertical centrifuge , working around 6,000 rpm that will separate the small quantity of vegetation water still contained in oil and vice versa .
Alternator
A brushless alternator is composed of two alternators built end - to - end on one shaft . Smaller brushless alternators may look like one unit but the two parts are readily identifiable on the large versions . The larger of the two sections is the main alternator and the smaller one is the exciter . The exciter has stationary field coils and a rotating armature ( power coils ) . The main alternator uses the opposite configuration with a rotating field and stationary armature . A bridge rectifier , called the rotating rectifier assembly , is mounted on the rotor . Neither brushes nor slip rings are used , which reduces the number of wearing parts . The main alternator has a rotating field as described above and a stationary armature ( power generation windings ) .
Tap and die
Metalworking taps and dies were often made by their users during the 18th and 19th centuries ( especially if the user was skilled in toolmaking ) , using such tools as lathes and files for the shaping , and the smithy for hardening and tempering . Thus builders of , for example , locomotives , firearms , or textile machinery were likely to make their own taps and dies . During the 19th century the machining industries evolved greatly , and the practice of buying taps and dies from suppliers specializing in them gradually supplanted most such in - house work . Joseph Clement was one such early vendor of taps and dies , starting in 1828 . With the introduction of more advanced milling practice in the 1860s and 1870s , tasks such as cutting a tap 's flutes with a hand file became a thing of the past . In the early 20th century , thread - grinding practice went through significant evolution , further advancing the state of the art ( and applied science ) of cutting screw threads , including those of taps and dies .
Coal
Coal is an important feedstock in production of a wide range of chemical fertilizers and other chemical products . The main route to these products is coal gasification to produce syngas . Primary chemicals that are produced directly from the syngas include methanol , hydrogen and carbon monoxide , which are the chemical building blocks from which a whole spectrum of derivative chemicals are manufactured , including olefins , acetic acid , formaldehyde , ammonia , urea and others . The versatility of syngas as a precursor to primary chemicals and high - value derivative products provides the option of using relatively inexpensive coal to produce a wide range of valuable commodities .
Glock
The introduction of fourth - generation Glock pistols continued in July 2010 when the Glock 19 and Glock 23 , the reduced size `` compact '' versions of the Glock 17 and Glock 22 , became available for retail . In late 2010 , Glock continued the introduction of fourth - generation models with the Glock 26 and Glock 27 `` subcompact '' variants .
Shotgun
Some of the more interesting advances in shotgun technology include the versatile NeoStead 2000 and fully automatics such as the Pancor Jackhammer or Auto - Assault 12 .
Glock
The Glock pistol has a relatively low slide profile , which holds the barrel axis close to the shooter 's hand and makes the pistol more comfortable to fire by reducing muzzle rise and allows for faster aim recovery in rapid firing sequences . The rectangular slide is milled from a single block of ordnance - grade steel using CNC machinery . The barrel and slide undergo two hardening processes prior to treatment with a proprietary nitriding process called Tenifer . The Tenifer treatment is applied in a 500 ° C ( 932 ° F ) nitrate bath . The Tenifer finish is between 0.04 and 0.05 mm ( 0.0016 and 0.0020 in ) in thickness , and is characterized by extreme resistance to wear and corrosion ; it penetrates the metal , and treated parts have similar properties even below the surface to a certain depth .
Tap and die
The most common type of power driven tap is the `` spiral point '' plug tap , also referred to as a `` gun '' tap , whose cutting edges are angularly displaced relative to the tap centerline . A spiral point plug tap ( `` gun '' tap ) . This feature causes the tap to continuously break the chip and eject it forward into the hole , preventing crowding . Spiral point taps are usually used in holes that go all the way through the material , so that the chips can escape . Another version of the spiral point plug tap is the spiral flute tap , whose flutes resemble those of a twist drill . Spiral flute taps are widely used in high speed , automatic tapping operations due to their ability to work well in blind holes .
Maya textiles
Apart from more freehand designs new materials are being introduced into the textiles . For example textiles now , `` include the use of imported rickrack , ribbons , metallic threads , variegated embroidery floss , and velvet edgings on hand - loomed garments . All of these can be seen as inventive free - play on the part of the indigenous artist . ''
Solar cell
This form was developed in the 2000s and introduced commercially around 2009 . Also called cast - mono , this design uses polycrystalline casting chambers with small `` seeds '' of mono material . The result is a bulk mono - like material that is polycrystalline around the outsides . When sliced for processing , the inner sections are high - efficiency mono - like cells ( but square instead of `` clipped '' ) , while the outer edges are sold as conventional poly . This production method results in mono - like cells at poly - like prices .
Modern history
The first Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850 , when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam - powered ships and railways , and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electric power generation . The Second Industrial Revolution was a phase of the Industrial Revolution ; labeled as the separate Technical Revolution . From a technological and a social point of view there is no clean break between the two . Major innovations during the period occurred in the chemical , electrical , petroleum , and steel industries . Specific advancements included the introduction of oil fired steam turbine and internal combustion driven steel ships , the development of the airplane , the practical commercialization of the automobile , mass production of consumer goods , the perfection of canning , mechanical refrigeration and other food preservation techniques , and the invention of the telephone . Industrialization
Glock
Starting in 2013 the British Army is replacing the Browning Hi - Power pistol with the Glock 17 Gen 4 , due to concerns about weight and the external safety of the Hi - Power .
Digboi
The Digboi Refinery modernization project was taken up in large scale in order to overcome the technological obsolescence of the old refinery . Subsequently , a number of other major projects were undertaken by Assam Oil Division to further revamp and modernise Digboi Refinery. Digboi refinery has been awarded the ISO - 14001 and OHSMC certificate .
Automated teller machine
Modern ATM physical security , per other modern money - handling security , concentrates on denying the use of the money inside the machine to a thief , by using different types of Intelligent Banknote Neutralisation Systems .
Narmada River
All six units of River Bed Power House ( RBPH ) have been commissioned successfully by June 2006 and are in operation . All five units of Canal Head Power House ( CHPH ) have been commissioned successfully by late December 2004 and are in operation .
Wind turbine
Wind turbines provide a clean energy source , emitting no greenhouse gases and no waste product . Over 1,500 tons of carbon dioxide per year can be eliminated by using a one megawatt turbine instead of one megawatt of energy from a fossil fuel . Being environmentally friendly and green is a large advantage of wind turbines .
Alternator
The revolving part of alternators can be the armature or the magnetic field . The revolving armature type has the armature wound on the rotor , where the winding moves through a stationary magnetic field . The revolving armature type is not often used . The revolving field type has magnetic field on the rotor to rotate through a stationary armature winding . The advantage is that then the rotor circuit carries much less power than the armature circuit , making the slip ring connections smaller and less costly ; only two contacts are needed for the direct - current rotor , whereas often a rotor winding has three phases and multiple sections which would each require a slip ring connection . The stationary armature can be wound for any convenient medium voltage level , up to tens of thousands of volts ; manufacture of slip ring connections for more than a few thousand volts is costly and inconvenient .
Biomass
Industry professionals claim that a range of issues can affect a plant 's ability to comply with emissions standards . Some of these challenges , unique to biomass plants , include inconsistent fuel supplies and age . The type and amount of the fuel supply are completely reliant factors ; the fuel can be in the form of building debris or agricultural waste ( such as removal of invasive species or orchard trimmings ) . Furthermore , many of the biomass plants are old , use outdated technology and were not built to comply with today 's stringent standards . In fact , many are based on technologies developed during the term of U.S. President Jimmy Carter , who created the United States Department of Energy in 1977 .
Wind turbine
Wind turbines can rotate about either a horizontal or a vertical axis , the former being both older and more common . They can also include blades , or be bladeless . Vertical designs produce less power and are less common .
PID controller
Most modern industrial facilities no longer tune loops using the manual calculation methods shown above . Instead , PID tuning and loop optimization software are used to ensure consistent results . These software packages will gather the data , develop process models , and suggest optimal tuning . Some software packages can even develop tuning by gathering data from reference changes .
Mechanised agriculture
Asparagus are presently harvested by hand with labour costs at 71 % of production costs and 44 % of selling costs . Asparagus is a difficult crop to harvest since each spear matures at a different speed making it difficult to achieve a uniform harvest . A prototype asparagus harvesting machine - using a light - beam sensor to identify the taller spears - is expected to be available for commercial use .
Field-effect transistor
The most commonly used FET is the MOSFET . The CMOS ( complementary metal oxide semiconductor ) process technology is the basis for modern digital integrated circuits . This process technology uses an arrangement where the ( usually `` enhancement - mode '' ) p - channel MOSFET and n - channel MOSFET are connected in series such that when one is ON , the other is OFF .
Glock
The Glock 25 , introduced in 1995 , is a blowback derivative of the compact ( 102 mm ( 4.0 in ) barrel ) Glock 19 . The magazine capacity is 15 rounds . Standard fixed sight elevation is 6.9 mm , unlike the 6.5 mm elevation used for the 9 × 19mm models . The Glock 28 , introduced in 1997 , is a blowback derivative of the subcompact ( 87 mm ( 3.4 in ) barrel ) Glock 26 . The standard magazine capacity is 10 rounds , but the 15 - round Glock 25 magazine will function in the Glock 28 . Standard fixed - sight elevation is 6.9 mm , unlike the 6.5 mm elevation used for the 9 × 19mm Parabellum models . The Glock 42 , introduced in 2014 , is an all - new locked - breech `` slimline '' ( 83 mm ( 3.3 in ) barrel ) design . The single - stack magazine is unique to this model , with a capacity of six rounds . It is Glock 's smallest model ever made and is manufactured in the USA , which unlike the Glock 25 and 28 , allows domestic sales in that market .
Distributor
Most distributors used on electronically fuel injected engines lack vacuum and centrifugal advance units . On such distributors , the timing advance is controlled electronically by the engine computer . This allows more accurate control of ignition timing , as well as the ability to alter timing based on factors other than engine speed and manifold vacuum ( such as engine temperature ) . Additionally , eliminating vacuum and centrifugal advance results in a simpler and more reliable distributor .
Glock
A current production Glock 17 consists of 34 parts . For maintenance , the pistol disassembles into five main groups : the barrel , slide , frame , magazine , and recoil - spring assembly . The firearm is designed for the NATO - standard 9 × 19mm Parabellum pistol cartridge , but can use high - power ( increased pressure ) + P and + P+ ammunition with either full - metal - jacket or jacketed hollow - point projectiles .
Cigarette
In recent years , the manufacturers ' pursuit of maximum profits has led to the practice of using not just the leaves , but also recycled tobacco offal and the plant stem . The stem is first crushed and cut to resemble the leaf before being merged or blended into the cut leaf . According to data from the World Health Organization , the amount of tobacco per 1000 cigarettes fell from 2.28 pounds in 1960 to 0.91 pounds in 1999 , largely as a result of reconstituting tobacco , fluffing , and additives .
Carburetor
Internal combustion engines can be configured to run on many kinds of fuel , including gasoline , kerosene , tractor vaporizing oil ( TVO ) , vegetable oil , diesel fuel , biodiesel , ethanol fuel ( alcohol ) , and others . Multifuel engines , such as petrol - paraffin engines , can benefit from an initial vaporization of the fuel when they are running less volatile fuels . For this purpose , a vaporizer ( or vaporiser ) is placed in the intake system . The vaporizer uses heat from the exhaust manifold to vaporize the fuel . For example , the original Fordson tractor and various subsequent Fordson models had vaporizers . When Henry Ford & Son Inc designed the original Fordson ( 1916 ) , the vaporizer was used to provide for kerosene operation . When TVO became common in various countries ( including the United Kingdom and Australia ) in the 1940s and 1950s , the standard vaporizers on Fordson models were equally useful for TVO . Widespread adoption of diesel engines in tractors made the use of tractor vaporizing oil obsolete .
Olive oil extraction
The two phases oil decanter was created as an attempt to solve these problems . Sacrificing part of its extraction capability , it uses less added water thus reducing the phenol washing . The olive paste is separated into two phases : oil and wet pomace . This type of decanter , instead of having three exits ( oil , water , and solids ) , has only two . The water is expelled by the decanter coil together with the pomace , resulting in a wetter pomace that is much harder to process industrially . Many pomace oil extraction facilities refuse to work with these materials because the energy costs of drying the pomace for the hexane oil extraction often make the extraction process sub-economical . In practice , then , the two phases decanter solves the phenol washing problem but increases the residue management problem . This residue management problem has been reduced by the collection of this wetter pomace and being transported to specialized facilities called extractors which heat the pomace between 45oc and 50oc and can extract up to a further 2 litres per 100 kilos of pomace using adapted two - phase decanters .