vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Rabbit
Genus Brachylagus Pygmy rabbit , Brachylagus idahoensis Genus Bunolagus Bushman rabbit , Bunolagus monticularis Genus Lepus ← NOTE : This genus is considered a hare , not a rabbit Genus Nesolagus Sumatran striped rabbit , Nesolagus netscheri Annamite striped rabbit , Nesolagus timminsi Genus Ochoronidae ← NOTE : This genus is considered a pika , not a rabbit Genus Oryctolagus European rabbit , Oryctolagus cuniculus Genus Pentalagus Amami rabbit / Ryūkyū rabbit , Pentalagus furnessi Genus Poelagus Central African Rabbit , Poelagus marjorita Genus Prolagidae ← NOTE : This genus is extinct . Genus Romerolagus Volcano rabbit , Romerolagus diazi Genus Sylvilagus Swamp rabbit , Sylvilagus aquaticus Desert cottontail , Sylvilagus audubonii Brush rabbit , Sylvilagus bachmani Forest rabbit , Sylvilagus brasiliensis Mexican cottontail , Sylvilagus cunicularis Dice 's cottontail , Sylvilagus dicei Eastern cottontail , Sylvilagus floridanus Tres Marias rabbit , Sylvilagus graysoni Omilteme cottontail , Sylvilagus insonus San Jose brush rabbit , Sylvilagus mansuetus Mountain cottontail , Sylvilagus nuttallii Marsh rabbit , Sylvilagus palustris New England cottontail , Sylvilagus transitionalis Hare
Red panda
Evidence based on the fossil record , serology , karyology , behavior , anatomy , and reproduction reflect closer affinities with Procyonidae than Ursidae . However , ecological and foraging specializations and distinct geographical distribution in relation to modern procyonids support classification in the separate family Ailuridae .
Rabbit
Rabbits and hares were formerly classified in the order Rodentia ( rodent ) until 1912 , when they were moved into a new order , Lagomorpha ( which also includes pikas ) . Below are some of the genera and species of the rabbit .
Barn swallow
Eggs in the Muséum de Toulouse Play media A chick less than an hour after being born Chicks and eggs in a nest with horse hair lining Older chicks in nest Juvenile being fed
Red fox
In January 2014 it was reported that `` Fleet '' , a relatively tame urban fox tracked as part of a wider study by the University of Brighton in partnership with the BBC 's Winterwatch , had unexpectedly travelled 195 miles in 21 days from his neighbourhood in Hove , at the western edge of East Sussex , across rural countryside as far as Rye , at the eastern edge of the county . He was still continuing his journey when the GPS collar stopped transmitting , due to suspected water damage . Along with setting a record for the longest journey undertaken by a tracked fox in the United Kingdom , his travels have highlighted the fluidity of movement between rural and urban fox populations .
Red fox
In 2006 it was estimated that there were 10,000 foxes in London . City - dwelling foxes may have the potential to consistently grow larger than their rural counterparts , as a result of abundant scraps and a relative dearth of predators . In cities foxes may scavenge food from litter bins and bin bags , although much of their diet will be similar to rural foxes . Behaviour
House sparrow
In adult house sparrows , annual survival is 45 -- 65 % . After fledging and leaving the care of their parents , young sparrows have a high mortality rate , which lessens as they grow older and more experienced . Only about 20 -- 25 % of birds hatched survive to their first breeding season . The oldest known wild house sparrow lived for nearly two decades ; it was found dead 19 years and 9 months after it was ringed in Denmark . The oldest recorded captive house sparrow lived for 23 years . The typical ratio of males to females in a population is uncertain due to problems in collecting data , but a very slight preponderance of males at all ages is usual .
Great Basin
Large invertebrates include tarantulas ( genus Aphonopelma ) and Mormon crickets . Exotic species , including chukar , grey partridge , and Himalayan snowcock , have been successfully introduced to the Great Basin , although the latter has only thrived in the Ruby Mountains . Cheatgrass , an invasive species which was unintentionally introduced , forms a critical portion of their diets . Feral horses ( mustangs ) and wild burros are highly reproductive , and ecosystem - controversial , alien species . Most of the Great Basin is open range and domestic cattle and sheep are widespread .
Red panda
The red panda population in Sichuan Province is larger and more stable than the Yunnan population , suggesting a southward expansion from Sichuan into Yunnan in the Holocene .
Red panda
The red panda is listed in CITES Appendix I . The species has been classified as endangered in the IUCN Red List since 2008 because the global population is estimated at about 10,000 individuals , with a decreasing population trend ; only about half of the total area of potential habitat of 142,000 km ( 55,000 sq mi ) is actually being used by the species . Due to their shy and secretive nature , and their largely nocturnal habits , observation of red pandas is difficult . Therefore , population figures in the wild are determined by population density estimates and not direct counts .
Rabbit
Rabbits have muscled hind legs that allow for maximum force , maneuverability , and acceleration that is divided into three main parts ; foot , thigh , and leg . The hind limbs of a rabbit are an exaggerated feature , that are much longer than the forelimbs providing more force . Rabbits run on their toes to gain the optimal stride during locomotion . The force put out by the hind limbs is contributed to both the structural anatomy of the fusion tibia and fibula , and muscular features . Bone formation and removal , from a cellular standpoint , is directly correlated to hind limb muscles . Action pressure from muscles creates force that is then distributed through the skeletal structures . Rabbits that generate less force , putting less stress on bones are more prone to osteoporosis due to bone rarefaction . In rabbits , the more fibers in a muscle , the more resistant to fatigue . For example , hares have a greater resistant to fatigue than cottontails . The muscles of rabbit 's hind limbs can be classified into four main categories : hamstrings , quadriceps , dorsiflexors , or plantar flexors . The quadricep muscles are in charge of force production when jumping . Complimenting these muscles are the hamstrings which aid in short bursts of action . These muscles play off of one another in the same way as the plantar flexors and doriflexors , contributing to the generation and actions associated with force .
Mourning dove
The mourning dove is a medium - sized , slender dove approximately 31 cm ( 12 in ) in length . Mourning doves weigh 112 -- 170 g ( 4.0 -- 6.0 oz ) , usually closer to 128 g ( 4.5 oz ) . The elliptical wings are broad , and the head is rounded . Its tail is long and tapered ( `` macroura '' comes from the Greek words for `` large '' and `` tail '' ) . Mourning doves have perching feet , with three toes forward and one reversed . The legs are short and reddish colored . The beak is short and dark , usually a brown - black hue .
Dodo
First here only and in Dygarrois ( Rodrigues ) is generated the Dodo , which for shape and rareness may antagonize the Phoenix of Arabia : her body is round and fat , few weigh less than fifty pound . It is reputed more for wonder than for food , greasie stomackes may seeke after them , but to the delicate they are offensive and of no nourishment . Her visage darts forth melancholy , as sensible of Nature 's injurie in framing so great a body to be guided with complementall wings , so small and impotent , that they serve only to prove her bird . The halfe of her head is naked seeming couered with a fine vaile , her bill is crooked downwards , in midst is the thrill ( nostril ) , from which part to the end tis a light green , mixed with pale yellow tincture ; her eyes are small and like to Diamonds , round and rowling ; her clothing downy feathers , her train three small plumes , short and inproportionable , her legs suiting her body , her pounces sharpe , her appetite strong and greedy . Stones and iron are digested , which description will better be conceived in her representation .
Red fox
Northern foxes are large and brightly coloured . Southern grey desert foxes include the Asian subspecies V. v. griffithi , V. v. pusilla , and V. v. flavescens . These foxes display transitional features between northern red foxes and smaller fox species ; their skulls possess more primitive , neotenous traits than the northern forms , and they are much smaller ; the maximum sizes attained by southern foxes are invariably less than the average sizes of northern foxes . Their limbs are also longer , and their ears larger .
Mourning dove
The plumage is generally light gray - brown and lighter and pinkish below . The wings have black spotting , and the outer tail feathers are white , contrasting with the black inners . Below the eye is a distinctive crescent - shaped area of dark feathers . The eyes are dark , with light skin surrounding them . The adult male has bright purple - pink patches on the neck sides , with light pink coloring reaching the breast . The crown of the adult male is a distinctly bluish - grey color . Females are similar in appearance , but with more brown coloring overall and a little smaller than the male . The iridescent feather patches on the neck above the shoulders are nearly absent , but can be quite vivid on males . Juvenile birds have a scaly appearance , and are generally darker .
Bird feet and legs
The anatomy of bird legs and feet is diverse , encompassing many accommodations to perform a wide variety of functions .
Angora wool
Angora rabbits produce coats in a variety of colours , from white through tan , gray , and brown to black . Good quality Angora fibre is around 12 - 16 micrometres in diameter , and can cost as much as $ 10 -- 16 per ounce ( 35 to 50 cents / gram ) . It felts very easily , even on the animal itself if it is not groomed frequently .
Barn owl
On average within any one population , males tend to have fewer spots on the underside and are paler in colour than females . The latter are also larger with a strong female T. alba of a large subspecies weighing over 550 g ( 19.4 oz ) , while males are typically about 10 % lighter . Nestlings are covered in white down , but the heart - shaped facial disk becomes visible soon after hatching .
Centipede
Their size can range from a few millimetres in the smaller lithobiomorphs and geophilomorphs to about 30 cm ( 12 in ) in the largest scolopendromorphs . Centipedes can be found in a wide variety of environments . They normally have a drab coloration combining shades of brown and red . Cavernicolous ( cave - dwelling ) and subterranean species may lack pigmentation , and many tropical scolopendromorphs have bright aposematic colours .
Bird feet and legs
The fibula is reduced and adheres extensively to the tibia , usually reaching two - thirds of its length . Only penguins have full - length fibulae . Knee
Respiratory system
Compared to the , on average , 23 number of branchings of the respiratory tree in the adult human , the mouse has only about 13 such branchings .
Red panda
The discovery in Spain of the postcranial remains of Simocyon batalleri , a Miocene relative to the red panda , supports a sister - group relationship between red pandas and bears . The discovery suggests the red panda 's `` false thumb '' was an adaptation to arboreal locomotion -- independent of the giant panda 's adaptation to manipulate bamboo -- one of the most dramatic cases of convergent evolution among vertebrates .
Bird feet and legs
The claws are located on the extreme phalanx of each toe . They consist of a horny keratinous podotheca , or sheath , and are not part of the skeleton .
Red fox
The average litter size consists of four to six kits , though litters of up to 13 kits have occurred . Large litters are typical in areas where fox mortality is high . Kits are born blind , deaf and toothless , with dark brown fluffy fur . At birth , they weigh 56 -- 110 g ( 2.0 -- 3.9 oz ) and measure 14.5 cm ( 5.7 in ) in body length and 7.5 cm ( 3.0 in ) in tail length . At birth , they are short - legged , large - headed and have broad chests . Mothers remain with the kits for 2 -- 3 weeks , as they are unable to thermoregulate . During this period , the fathers or barren vixens feed the mothers . Vixens are very protective of their kits , and have been known to even fight off terriers in their defence . If the mother dies before the kits are independent , the father takes over as their provider . The kits ' eyes open after 13 -- 15 days , during which time their ear canals open and their upper teeth erupt , with the lower teeth emerging 3 -- 4 days later . Their eyes are initially blue , but change to amber at 4 -- 5 weeks . Coat colour begins to change at three weeks of age , when the black eye streak appears . By one month , red and white patches are apparent on their faces . During this time , their ears erect and their muzzles elongate . Kits begin to leave their dens and experiment with solid food brought by their parents at the age of 3 -- 4 weeks . The lactation period lasts 6 -- 7 weeks . Their woolly coats begin to be coated by shiny guard hairs after 8 weeks . By the age of 3 -- 4 months , the kits are long - legged , narrow - chested and sinewy . They reach adult proportions at the age of 6 -- 7 months . Some vixens may reach sexual maturity at the age of 9 -- 10 months , thus bearing their first litters at one year of age . In captivity , their longevity can be as long as 15 years , though in the wild they typically do not survive past 5 years of age .
Rabbit
Inner ear fluid called endolymph receives the sound energy . After receiving the energy , later within the inner ear there are two parts : the cochlea that utilizes sound waves from the ossicles and the vestibular apparatus that manages the rabbit 's position in regards to movement . Within the cochlea there is a basilar membrane that contains sensory hair structures utilized to send nerve signals to the brain so it can recognize different sound frequencies . Within the vestibular apparatus the rabbit possesses three semicircular canals to help detect angular motion .
Rabbit
Rabbits are incapable of vomiting . Because rabbits ca n't vomit , if buildup occurs within the intestines ( due often to a diet with insufficient fiber ) , intestinal blockage can occur .
Red fox
Himalaya alopex ( Blanford , 1888 ) himalaicus ( Ogilby , 1837 ) ladacensis ( Matschie , 1907 ) nepalensis ( J.E. Gray , 1837 ) waddelli ( Bonhote , 1906 ) Sierra Nevada red fox or High Sierra fox V. v. necator Merriam , 1900 Externally similar to V. v. fulvus , it has a short tail , but cranially more like V. v. macroura High Sierra , California Nile fox V. v. niloticus E. Geoffroy Saint - Hilaire , 1803 A small subspecies , it measures 76.7 -- 105.3 cm in body length , 30.2 -- 40.1 cm in tail length , and weighs 1.8 -- 3.8 kg . It is ruddy to grey - brown above and darker on the back of the neck . The flanks are greyer and tinged with buff . It is larger than V. v. arabica and V. v. palaestina . Egypt aegyptiacus ( Sonnini , 1816 ) anubis ( Hemprich and Ehrenberg , 1833 ) vulpecula ( Hemprich and Ehrenberg , 1833 ) Turkestan fox V. v. ochroxantha Ognev , 1926 Aksai , Semirechye , eastern Russian Turkestan , Kirgizia Palestinian fox V. v. palaestina Thomas , 1920 Ramleh , near Jaffa , Israel Korean fox V. v. peculiosa Kishida , 1924 Northeast China , Korea kiyomassai ( Kishida and Mori , 1929 ) White - footed fox V. v. pusilla Blyth , 1854 Slightly smaller than V. v. griffithii , > it closely resembles V. bengalensis in size , but is distinguished by its longer tail and hind feet . Salt Range , Punjab , Pakistan leucopus ( Blyth , 1854 ) persicus ( Blanford , 1875 ) Northern plains fox V. v. regalis Merriam , 1900 The largest North American red fox subspecies , it has very large and broad ears and a very long tail . It is of a golden yellow colour with pure black feet .
Spider
Spiders occur in a large range of sizes . The smallest , Patu digua from Colombia , are less than 0.37 mm ( 0.015 in ) in body length . The largest and heaviest spiders occur among tarantulas , which can have body lengths up to 90 mm ( 3.5 in ) and leg spans up to 250 mm ( 9.8 in ) .
Camel
The camels ' thick coats insulate them from the intense heat radiated from desert sand ; a shorn camel must sweat 50 % more to avoid overheating . During the summer the coat becomes lighter in color , reflecting light as well as helping avoid sunburn . The camel 's long legs help by keeping its body farther from the ground , which can heat up to 70 ° C ( 158 ° F ) . The two humped camels classified as bigger than the dromedary camels and for this reason , the skin became significantly more helpful for usage as wool and leather ( Yam & Khomeiri , 2015 ) . Dromedaries have a pad of thick tissue over the sternum called the pedestal . When the animal lies down in a sternal recumbent position , the pedestal raises the body from the hot surface and allows cooling air to pass under the body .
Brown bear
Adults have massive , heavily built concave skulls , which are large in proportion to the body . The forehead is high and rises steeply . The projections of the skull are well developed when compared to those of Asian black bears ( Ursus thibetanus ) : the latter have sagittal crests not exceeding more than 19 -- 20 % of the total length of the skull , while the former have sagittal crests comprising up to 40 -- 41 % of the skull 's length . Skull projections are more weakly developed in females than in males . The braincase is relatively small and elongated . There is a great deal of geographical variation in the skull , and presents itself chiefly in dimensions . Grizzlies , for example , tend to have flatter profiles than European and coastal American brown bears . Skull lengths of Russian bears tend to be 31.5 to 45.5 centimetres ( 12.4 to 17.9 in ) for males , and 27.5 to 39.7 centimetres ( 10.8 to 15.6 in ) for females . The width of the zygomatic arches in males is 17.5 to 27.7 centimetres ( 6.9 to 11 in ) , and 14.7 to 24.7 centimetres ( 5.8 to 9.7 in ) in females . Brown bears have very strong teeth : the incisors are relatively big and the canine teeth are large , the lower ones being strongly curved . The first three molars of the upper jaw are underdeveloped and single crowned with one root . The second upper molar is smaller than the others , and is usually absent in adults . It is usually lost at an early age , leaving no trace of the alveolus in the jaw . The first three molars of the lower jaw are very weak , and are often lost at an early age . The teeth of brown bears reflect their dietary plasticity and are broadly similar to other bears excluding the two most herbivorous living bears , the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) and spectacled bear ( Tremarctos ornatus ) , which have blunt , small premolars ( ideal for grinding down fibrous plants ) compared to the jagged premolars of ursid bears that at least seasonally often rely on flesh as a food source .
Serratus anterior muscle
In primates , the thoracic cage is wide and the scapula is rotated onto its posterior side to have the glenoid cavity face laterally . Additionally , the clavicle takes care of medial forces . In cursorial mammals ( for example the horse and other quadrupeds ) , the scapula is hanging vertically on the side of the thorax and the clavicle is absent . Therefore , in climbing animals , the serratus anterior supports the scapula against the reaction forces of the free limb and exerts high bending forces on the ribs . To sustain these forces , the ribs have a pronounced curvature and are supported by the clavicle . In cursorial animals , the thorax is hanging between the scapulae at the serratus anterior and pectoralis muscles .
Camel
Camels have a series of physiological adaptations that allow them to withstand long periods of time without any external source of water . Unlike other mammals , their red blood cells are oval rather than circular in shape . This facilitates the flow of red blood cells during dehydration and makes them better at withstanding high osmotic variation without rupturing when drinking large amounts of water : a 600 kg ( 1,300 lb ) camel can drink 200 L ( 53 US gal ) of water in three minutes .
Dodo
These animals on our coming up to them stared at us and remained quiet where they stand , not knowing whether they had wings to fly away or legs to run off , and suffering us to approach them as close as we pleased . Amongst these birds were those which in India they call Dod - aersen ( being a kind of very big goose ) ; these birds are unable to fly , and instead of wings , they merely have a few small pins , yet they can run very swiftly . We drove them together into one place in such a manner that we could catch them with our hands , and when we held one of them by its leg , and that upon this it made a great noise , the others all on a sudden came running as fast as they could to its assistance , and by which they were caught and made prisoners also . Pieter
Platypus
The platypus has an average body temperature of about 32 ° C ( 90 ° F ) rather than the 37 ° C ( 99 ° F ) typical of placental mammals . Research suggests this has been a gradual adaptation to harsh environmental conditions on the part of the small number of surviving monotreme species rather than a historical characteristic of monotremes .
Finger
Chimpanzees have lower limbs that are specialized for manipulation , and ( arguably ) have fingers on their lower limbs as well . The term ' finger ' is not applied to the digits of most other animals , such as canines , felines , or ungulates , none of which can engage in fine manipulation with their forelimbs as a primate can .
Heart
The size of the heart varies among the different animal groups , with hearts in vertebrates ranging from those of the smallest mice ( 12 mg ) to the blue whale ( 600 kg ) . In vertebrates , the heart lies in the middle of the ventral part of the body , surrounded by a pericardium . which in some fish may be connected to the peritoneum .
Platypus
The platypus is an excellent swimmer and spends much of its time in the water foraging for food . When swimming , it can be distinguished from other Australian mammals by the absence of visible ears . Uniquely among mammals , it propels itself when swimming by an alternate rowing motion of the front feet ; although all four feet of the platypus are webbed , the hind feet ( which are held against the body ) do not assist in propulsion , but are used for steering in combination with the tail . The species is endothermic , maintaining its body temperature at about 32 ° C ( 90 ° F ) , lower than most mammals , even while foraging for hours in water below 5 ° C ( 41 ° F ) .
Angora wool
The rabbits must be groomed at least once or twice a week to prevent the fur from matting and felting . There is also a danger a rabbit will ingest its own moulted fur ; unlike a cat , a rabbit can not easily be rid of the build up .
Lion
Accounts of a few individuals that were larger than average exist from Africa and India . Pleistocene forms like the American lion reached a maximum head - to - body length of 250 cm ( 8 ft 2 in ) .