vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
United Kingdom
Scots , a language descended from early northern Middle English , has limited recognition alongside its regional variant , Ulster Scots in Northern Ireland , without specific commitments to protection and promotion .
England at the FIFA World Cup
The tournament would see England score nine goals from set - pieces -- the most by a team in a single World Cup tournament since 1966 .
United Kingdom
Emigration was an important feature of British society in the 19th century . Between 1815 and 1930 around 11.4 million people emigrated from Britain and 7.3 million from Ireland . Estimates show that by the end of the 20th century some 300 million people of British and Irish descent were permanently settled around the globe . Today , at least 5.5 million UK - born people live abroad , mainly in Australia , Spain , the United States and Canada .
Kingdom of England
The Anglo - Saxons referred to themselves as the Engle or the Angelcynn , originally names of the Angles . They called their land Engla land , meaning `` land of the English '' , by Æthelweard Latinized Anglia , from an original Anglia vetus , the purported homeland of the Angles ( called Angulus by Bede ) . The name Engla land became England by haplology during the Middle English period ( Engle - land , Engelond ) . The Latin name was Anglia or Anglorum terra , the Old French and Anglo - Norman one Angleterre . By the 14th century , England was also used in reference to the entire island of Great Britain .
Golf ball
The specifications for the golf ball continue to be governed by the ruling bodies of the game ; namely , The Royal & Ancient ( The R&A ) , formerly part of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews , and the United States Golf Association ( USGA ) .
Kingdom of England
The kingdom of England emerged from the gradual unification of the early medieval Anglo - Saxon kingdoms known as the Heptarchy : East Anglia , Mercia , Northumbria , Kent , Essex , Sussex , and Wessex . The Viking invasions of the 9th century upset the balance of power between the English kingdoms , and native Anglo - Saxon life in general . The English lands were unified in the 10th century in a reconquest completed by King Æthelstan in 927 CE .
United Kingdom
The term `` Britain '' is often used as synonym for the United Kingdom . The term `` Great Britain '' , by contrast , refers conventionally to the island of Great Britain , or politically to England , Scotland and Wales in combination . However , it is sometimes used as a loose synonym for the United Kingdom as a whole . GB and GBR are the standard country codes for the United Kingdom ( see ISO 3166 - 2 and ISO 3166 - 1 alpha - 3 ) and are consequently used by international organisations to refer to the United Kingdom . Additionally , the United Kingdom 's Olympic team competes under the name `` Great Britain '' or `` Team GB '' .
List of the oldest Scout groups
The Scouting movement developed rapidly from here , in Britain , the British Empire , among English speaking people and the rest of the world .
France–United Kingdom relations
Modern and Middle English reflect a mixture of Oïl and Old English lexicons after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 , when a Norman - speaking aristocracy took control of a population whose mother tongue was Germanic in origin . Due to the intertwined histories of England and continental possessions of the English Crown , many formal and legal words in Modern English have French roots . For example , buy and sell are of Germanic origin , while purchase and vend are from Old French .
Jockey
Racing modeled on the English Jockey Club spread throughout the world with colonial expansion .
France–United Kingdom relations
From about 1900 , Francophiles in Britain and Anglophiles in France began to spread a study and mutual respect and love of the culture of the country on the other side of the English Channel . Francophile and Anglophile societies developed , further introducing Britain to French food and wine , and France to English sports like rugby . French and English were already the second languages of choice in Britain and France respectively . Eventually this developed into a political policy as the new united Germany was seen as a potential threat . Louis Blériot , for example , crossed the Channel in an aeroplane in 1909 . Many saw this as symbolic of the connection between the two countries .
United States
In a 2013 survey , 56 % of Americans said that religion played a `` very important role in their lives '' , a far higher figure than that of any other wealthy nation . In a 2009 Gallup poll , 42 % of Americans said that they attended church weekly or almost weekly ; the figures ranged from a low of 23 % in Vermont to a high of 63 % in Mississippi .
United States
Mainstream American cuisine is similar to that in other Western countries . Wheat is the primary cereal grain with about three - quarters of grain products made of wheat flour and many dishes use indigenous ingredients , such as turkey , venison , potatoes , sweet potatoes , corn , squash , and maple syrup which were consumed by Native Americans and early European settlers . These homegrown foods are part of a shared national menu on one of America 's most popular holidays ; Thanksgiving , when some Americans make traditional foods to celebrate the occasion . Roasted
Southwestern United States
The Southwest is ethnically varied , with significant Anglo American and Hispanic American populations in addition to more regional African American , Asian American , and American Indian populations .
Midwestern United States
The accent characteristic of most of the Midwest is considered by many to be that of `` standard '' American English or General American . This accent is preferred by many national radio and television broadcasters .
United States
Coordinates : 40 ° N 100 ° W ﻿ / ﻿ 40 ° N 100 ° W ﻿ / 40 ; - 100
Replay review in gridiron football
Because of the limited number of challenges , and the possible penalty of a lost timeout , coaches typically reserve their challenges for key plays . A questionable call may not be challenged once the next play is underway , so coaches may be forced to make a quick decision without the benefit of seeing a replay on television or on the stadium screen . If a questionable call is made in favor of the offense , then the offense will often line up and snap the ball quickly to prevent the opposing coach from challenging the call . Often players on the field will signal to the coach if they believe the play should be challenged .
Replay review in gridiron football
In gridiron football , replay review is a method of reviewing a play using cameras at various angles to determine the accuracy of the initial call of the officials . An instant replay can take place in the event of a close or otherwise controversial call , either at the request of a team 's head coach ( with limitations ) or the officials themselves .
Replay review in gridiron football
Once per game , each head coach may also call a timeout and challenge the ruling on the previous play before the next play starts . A coach must have at least one timeout remaining in order to challenge ( teams receive three timeouts per half ) . If the challenge is successful and the on - field ruling is overturned , the team keeps its timeout and is allowed only one more challenge . If unsuccessful , the team loses its timeout and is allowed no more challenges .
12th man (football)
Many high schools in the United States incorporate 12th Man language into their booster , supporter , or rooter clubs . Examples of such `` 12th Man Clubs '' include the Alta Loma Braves , Dana Hills Dolphins , Washington Panthers , Richwood Knights , Diamond Bar Brahmas , Fairfield Falcons , and Brentwood Bruins .
Monday Night Football
17 , 1983 87 points -- Kansas City 49 , Tennessee 38 -- December 13 , 2004 87 points -- Philadelphia 59 , Washington 28 -- November 15 , 2010 86 points -- San Diego 52 , Cincinnati 34 -- December 20 , 1982 82 points -- Dallas 43 , Seattle 39 -- December 6 , 2004 80 points -- New Orleans 51 , Green Bay 29 -- November 24 , 2008 80 points -- Green Bay 43 , Atlanta 37 -- December 8 , 2014 79 points -- Oakland 45 , Pittsburgh 34 -- October 20 , 1980 78 points -- Indianapolis Colts 55 , Denver Broncos 23 -- October 31 , 1988 78 points -- Dallas 41 , Philadelphia 37 -- September 15 , 2008 78 points -- Oakland 40 , Dallas 38 -- October 23 , 1983 Lowest scoring games 3 points -- Pittsburgh 3 , Miami 0 -- November 26 , 2007 9 points -- Jacksonville 9 , Pittsburgh 0 -- September 18 , 2006 10 points -- San Francisco 7 , N.Y. Giants 3 -- December 3 , 1990 12 points -- Oakland 9 , Denver 3 -- December 1 , 1980 13 points -- Baltimore 10 , Washington 3 -- November 7 , 1977 13 points -- Los Angeles 10 , Pittsburgh 3 -- December 20 , 1975 14 points -- Washington 9 , Dallas 5 -- October 2 , 1978 15 points -- Buffalo 9 , Indianapolis 6 -- October 20 , 1997 15 points -- Detroit 13 , Minnesota 2 -- December 5 , 1983 15 points -- Houston 9 , Miami 6 -- November 5 , 1979 Ties Detroit 14 , Green Bay 14 -- November 1 , 1971 Oakland 23 , Denver 23 -- October 22 , 1973 N.Y. Giants 20 , St. Louis 20 ( OT ) -- October 24 , 1983
Michigan
Michigan consists of two peninsulas that lie between 82 ° 30 ' to about 90 ° 30 ' west longitude , and are separated by the Straits of Mackinac . The 45th parallel north runs through the state -- marked by highway signs and the Polar - Equator Trail -- along a line including Mission Point Light near Traverse City , the towns of Gaylord and Alpena in the Lower Peninsula and Menominee in the Upper Peninsula . With the exception of two small areas that are drained by the Mississippi River by way of the Wisconsin River in the Upper Peninsula and by way of the Kankakee - Illinois River in the Lower Peninsula , Michigan is drained by the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence watershed and is the only state with the majority of its land thus drained . View
Rhode Island
Coordinates : 41 ° 42 ′ N 71 ° 30 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 41.7 ° N 71.5 ° W ﻿ / 41.7 ; - 71.5
Moose
Since the 1980s , however , moose populations have rebounded , thanks to regrowth of plentiful food sources , abandonment of farmland , better land management , cleanup of pollution , and natural dispersal from the Canadian Maritimes and Quebec . South of the Canada -- US border , Maine has most of the population with a 2012 headcount of about 76,000 moose . Dispersals from Maine over the years have resulted in healthy , growing populations each in Vermont and New Hampshire , notably near bodies of water and as high up as 3,000 feet above sea level in the mountains . In Massachusetts , moose went extinct by 1870 , but re-colonized the state in the 1960s , with the population expanding from Vermont and New Hampshire ; by 2010 , the population was estimated at 850 - 950 . Moose reestablished populations in eastern New York and Connecticut and appeared headed south towards the Catskill Mountains , a former habitat .
Rhode Island
Rhode Island has two distinct natural regions . Eastern Rhode Island contains the lowlands of the Narragansett Bay , while Western Rhode Island forms part of the New England Upland . Rhode Island 's forests are part of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion .
Bemidji, Minnesota
U.S. Highway 2 U.S. Highway 71 Minnesota State Highway 89 Minnesota State Highway 197 Minnesota State Highway 371
Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean , lying between the eastern shores of Bronx County , New York City , southern Westchester County , and Connecticut to the north , and the North Shore of Long Island , to the south . From west to east , the sound stretches 110 miles ( 177 km ) from the East River in New York City , along the North Shore of Long Island , to Block Island Sound . A mix of freshwater from tributaries and saltwater from the ocean , Long Island Sound is 21 miles ( 34 km ) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet ( 20 to 70 m ) . Long
Rhode Island
The East Bay Bike Path stretches from Providence to Bristol along the eastern shore of Narragansett Bay , while the Blackstone River Bikeway will eventually link Providence and Worcester . In 2011 , Rhode Island completed work on a marked on - road bicycle path through Pawtucket and Providence , connecting the East Bay Bike Path with the Blackstone River Bikeway , completing a 33.5 miles ( 54 km ) bicycle route through the eastern side of the state . The William C. O'Neill Bike Path ( commonly known as the South County Bike Path ) is an 8 mi ( 13 km ) path through South Kingstown and Narragansett . The 19 mi ( 31 km ) Washington Secondary Bike Path stretches from Cranston to Coventry , and the 2 mi ( 3.2 km ) Ten Mile River Greenway path runs through East Providence and Pawtucket .
Brittany
Brittany is the largest French peninsula . It is around 34,030 km ( 13,140 sq mi ) and stretches towards the northwest and the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered to the north by the English Channel , to the south by the Bay of Biscay and the waters located between the western coast and Ushant island form the Iroise Sea .
Long Island Sound
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Vermont
Invasive wild honeysuckle has been deemed a threat to the state 's forests , native species of plants , and wildlife . Many of Vermont 's rivers , including the Winooski River , have been subjected to man - made barriers to prevent flooding .
War of 1812
To the east , the northern part of Massachusetts , soon to be Maine , was invaded . Fort Sullivan at Eastport was taken by Sir Thomas Hardy on July 11 . Castine , Hampden , Bangor , and Machias were taken , and Castine became the main British base till April 15 , 1815 , when the British left , taking £ 10,750 in tariff duties , the `` Castine Fund '' which was used to found Dalhousie University . Eastport was not returned to the United States till 1818 . American
Rhode Island
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Yadkin River
The meaning of the word Yadkin , derived from Yattken , or Yattkin , a Siouan Indian word , is unknown . In Siouan terminology it may mean `` big tree '' or `` place of big trees . ''
Delaware River
Since the upper Delaware basin has few population centers along its banks , flooding in this area mainly affects natural unpopulated flood plains . Residents in the middle part of the Delaware basin experience flooding , including three major floods in the three years ( 2004 -- 2006 ) that have severely damaged their homes and land . The lower part of the Delaware basin from Philadelphia southward to the Delaware Bay is tidal and much wider than portions further north , and is not prone to river - related flooding ( although tidal surges can cause minor flooding in this area ) .
St. Johns River
The upper basin of the St. Johns was significantly lowered in the 1920s with the establishment of the Melbourne Tillman drainage project . This drained the St. Johns ' headwaters eastward to the Indian River through canals dug across the Ten - Mile Ridge near Palm Bay . As of 2015 , these past diversions are being partially reversed through the first phase of the Canal 1 Rediversion project .
The Devon School
The approach from Gilman Street gradually gives way to the Far Common , a leafy , manicured expanse of ground that proceeds the First Academy Building , which Knowles derives almost entirely from the Academy Building at Phillips Exeter , having the same cupola and similar Latin inscription over the entrance . The First Academy Building , the Georgian red brick dormitories , and the Gothic - style chapel , form a quadrangle around the Center Common . There is then a group of Colonial houses for the Dean , the Headmaster , and other faculty members , along an old London - style lane leading from the dormitories to the Naguamsett River and the Crew House . Progressing in another direction , past the Field House ( or `` The Cage '' ) the Center Common opens onto the Playing Fields , with tennis courts on the left , the Devon Woods on the right , and enormous open grounds for playing football , lacrosse and soccer . Directly ahead , far across the Playing Fields , is the stadium ( which envelops the swimming pool ) , the Devon River and the climactic tree that is the basis for a very crucial part of the plot . Beyond all that , Knowles names the excess wilderness as the Fields Beyond .
Souris River
Weyburn , Saskatchewan Estevan , Saskatchewan Roche Percee , Saskatchewan Oxbow , Saskatchewan Burlington , North Dakota Minot , North Dakota Velva , North Dakota Towner , North Dakota Westhope , North Dakota Melita , Manitoba Souris , Manitoba Wawanesa , Manitoba
Trans-Canada Highway
East of Lévis , the Trans - Canada Highway continues on Autoroute 20 following the south bank of the Saint Lawrence River to a junction just south of Rivière - du - Loup , 173 km ( 107 mi ) northeast of Lévis . At that junction , the highway turns southeast and changes designation to Autoroute 85 for 13 km ( 8 mi ) , and then downgrades to Route 185 until Degelis where Autoroute 85 resumes near the New Brunswick border . The portion from Autoroute 20 to Edmundston , New Brunswick is 121 km ( 75 mi ) long . New
Shenandoah River
Hog Run Long Marsh Run Bullskin Run Evitts Run Forge Run Cattail Run Flowing Springs Run
Canada–United States relations
Dixon Entrance Beaufort Sea Strait of Juan de Fuca San Juan Islands Machias Seal Island and North Rock
Fox River (Wisconsin)
The 25 - mile ( 40 km ) Fox River State Recreational Trail is part of the Brown County Park System . The trailhead is in the city of Green Bay where 7 miles ( 11 km ) of paved trail follow the Fox River south through the city of De Pere . Biking , walking , jogging , and rollerblading are among the most popular activities on the trail . The trail also has a section of unpaved terrain that permits horseback riding .
New Jersey
Delaware Water Gap Great Bay Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge Highlands Hudson Palisades Meadowlands Pine Barrens South Mountain
Long Island Sound
The Sound is inhabited by both marine fish and anadromous fish ( oceanic or estuarine species that spawn in freshwater streams and rivers , see fish migration ) .
St. Johns River
A New York Times story reporting on Disston 's progress in 1883 stated that before Disston 's purchase and the subsequent development , the only places worth seeing in Florida were Jacksonville and St. Augustine , with perhaps an overnight trip on the St. Johns River to Palatka ; by 1883 tourist attractions had extended 250 miles ( 400 km ) south . More attention was paid to the St. Johns with the increasing population . Florida was portrayed as an exotic wonderland able to cure failing health with its water and citrus , and the region began to be highlighted in travel writings . To relieve his bronchitis , Ralph Waldo Emerson stayed briefly in St. Augustine , calling north Florida `` a grotesque region '' that was being swarmed by land speculators . Emerson poignantly disliked the public sale of slaves , adding to his overall distaste . Following the Civil War , however , famed author Harriet Beecher Stowe lived near Jacksonville and traveled up the St. Johns , writing about it with affection : `` The entrance of the St. Johns from the ocean is one of the most singular and impressive passages of scenery that we ever passed through : in fine weather the sight is magnificent . '' Her memoir Palmetto Leaves , published in 1873 as a series of her letters home , was very influential in luring northern residents to the state . The
St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)
Governor Knowles State Forest ( Wisconsin ) Saint Croix State Forest ( Minnesota ) Saint Croix State Park ( Minnesota ) Chengwatana State Forest ( Minnesota ) Wild River State Park ( Minnesota ) Interstate Park ( Minnesota and Wisconsin ) William O'Brien State Park ( Minnesota ) Afton State Park ( Minnesota ) St. Croix Boom Site ( Minnesota )
Trans-Canada Highway
After crossing the Northumberland Strait on the 13 - kilometre ( 8.1 mi ) Confederation Bridge to Borden - Carleton , the Trans - Canada Highway follows a 110 km ( 68 mi ) route across southern Prince Edward Island , designated as Route 1 . After passing through Charlottetown it ends at Wood Islands where a 26 - kilometre ( 16 mi ) ferry route ( operated by Northumberland Ferries Limited ) crosses the Northumberland Strait to Caribou , Nova Scotia ( near Pictou ) . From the ferry terminal at Caribou , the highway continues south for another 19 km ( 12 mi ) as Highway 106 to a junction with the direct Trans - Canada Highway route ( Highway 104 ) at Westville ( near New Glasgow ) . Nova
Pecatonica River
The Natural Land Institute of Rockford , Illinois owns and operates two privately owned preserves in Winnebago County . The 142 - acre ( 57 ha ) Pecatonica Woodlands Preserve contains bottomland forest , oxbow pond , wetland , and sedge meadow habitats . The 721 - acre ( 292 ha ) Nygren Wetland Preserve , located at the confluence of the Pecatonica River and the Rock River , has been restored from farmland to prairie , oak savanna , wetland , and oxbow pond .
Rhode Island
The MBTA Commuter Rail 's Providence / Stoughton Line links Providence and T.F. Green Airport with Boston . The line was later extended southward to Wickford Junction , with service beginning April 23 , 2012 . The state hopes to extend the MBTA line to Kingston and Westerly . as well as explore the possibility of extending Connecticut 's Shore Line East to T.F. Green Airport . Amtrak 's Acela Express stops at Providence Station ( the only Acela stop in Rhode Island ) , linking Providence to other cities in the Northeast Corridor . Amtrak 's Northeast Regional service makes stops at Providence Station , Kingston , and Westerly .
Pecatonica River
The word Pecatonica is an anglicization of two Algonquian language words : Bekaa ( or Pekaa in some dialects ) , which means `` slow '' , and niba , which means `` water '' , forming the conjunction Bekaaniba or `` Slow Water '' .
Yadkin River
Caldwell County Many minor crossings of the Upper Yadkin Multiple Crossings of NC 268 ( Yadkin River Road ) Grandin Road Wilkes County NC 268 in Ferguson Browns Ford Road below the W. Kerr Scott Dam US 421 in Wilkesboro Curtis Bridge Road in Wilkesboro Wilkesboro Avenue ( NC 18 ) in Wilkesboro US 421 Business Red White and Blue Road in Roaring River Clingman Road in Ronda Surry County and Yadkin County South Bridge Street and South Gwyn Avenue ( US 21 Business connecting Elkin and Jonesville ) I ‐ 77 US 601 in Crutchfield Richmond Hill Church Road Crossing in Siloam Yadkin County and Forsyth County NC 67 Old US 421 US 421 Davie County and Forsyth County I ‐ 40 between Bermuda Run and Clemmons US 158 between Bermuda Run and Clemmons Davie County and Davidson County US 64 Rowan County and Davidson County US 70 / US 29 / I ‐ 85 at the Yadkin River Bridges in Spencer Bringle Ferry Bridge NC 8 / NC 49
Rhode Island
Rhode Island covers an area of 1,214 square miles ( 3,144 km ) located within the New England Region , and is bordered on the north and east by Massachusetts , on the west by Connecticut , and on the south by Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean . It shares a narrow maritime border with New York State between Block Island and Long Island . The mean elevation of the state is 200 feet ( 61 m ) . It is only 37 miles ( 60 km ) wide and 48 miles ( 77 km ) long , yet the state has a tidal shoreline on Narragansett Bay and the Atlantic Ocean of 384 miles ( 618 km ) .
Catawba River
The controversy ended in early 2010 when all the parties reached a settlement that further limits the amount of water available to Concord and Kannapolis under drought conditions .