vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Long jump
The long jump is the only known jumping event of Ancient Greece 's original Olympics ' pentathlon events . All events that occurred at the Olympic Games were initially supposed to act as a form of training for warfare . The long jump emerged probably because it mirrored the crossing of obstacles such as streams and ravines . After investigating the surviving depictions of the ancient event it is believed that unlike the modern event , athletes were only allowed a short running start . The athletes carried a weight in each hand , which were called halteres ( between 1 and 4.5 kg ) . These weights were swung forward as the athlete jumped in order to increase momentum . It was commonly believed that the jumper would throw the weights behind him in midair to increase his forward momentum ; however , halteres were held throughout the duration of the jump . Swinging them down and back at the end of the jump would change the athlete 's center of gravity and allow the athlete to stretch his legs outward , increasing his distance . The jump itself was made from the bater ( `` that which is trod upon '' ) . It was most likely a simple board placed on the stadium track which was removed after the event . The jumpers would land in what was called a skamma ( `` dug - up '' area ) . The idea that this was a pit full of sand is wrong . Sand in the jumping pit is a modern invention . The skamma was simply a temporary area dug up for that occasion and not something that remained over time .
Marco Polo (game)
Although water polo was another popular pool game at the time , the name of the game ' Marco Polo ' is apparently unrelated .
Golf ball
A ball moving through air experiences two major aerodynamic forces , lift and drag . Dimpled balls fly farther than non-dimpled balls due to the combination of these two effects . Drag
Golf (card game)
The object is for players to reduce the value of the cards in front of them by either swapping them for lesser value cards or by pairing them up with cards of equal rank and trying to get the lowest score . The highest score loses the game and the lowest score wins the game . A total of 10 games are played .
Marco Polo (game)
The game can also be played on land , with slightly modified rules , or played with the addition of rules from Fish out of Water and others . It is similar to blind man 's buff , where one person is blindfolded while others choose hiding places around the room .
Marco Polo (game)
Marco Polo Players 2 or more Setup time < 1 minute Playing time no limit Random chance Low Skill ( s ) required swimming , sound localization
Pierre de Coubertin
^ Jump up to : Hill 1996 , p. 6 . Jump up ^ `` Rugby in the Olympics : History '' . Archived from the original on 10 August 2011 . Jump up ^ A Brief History of the Olympic Games by David C. Young , p. 144 . Blackwell Publishing . 2004 . ISBN 1 - 4051 - 1130 - 5 Jump up ^ Hill 1996 , p. 11 . Jump up ^ Hill 1996 , pp. 12 -- 13 . ^ Jump up to : Hill 1996 , p. 18 . Jump up ^ Hill 1996 , pp. 12 - 13 . ^ Jump up to : Young 1996 , p. 36 . Jump up ^ Young 1996 , pp. 73 -- 74 . Jump up ^ Hill 1996 , pp. 13 -- 15 . Jump up ^ Young 1996 , p. 117 . Jump up ^ Memoire sur le conflit entre la Grèce et la Roumanie concernant l'affaire Zappa Athens 1893 , by F. Martens Jump up ^ Streit , G. ( 1894 ) . ' L'affaire Zappa . Paris . Retrieved 19 October 2016 -- via Internet Archive . Jump up ^ Young 1996 , p. 14 . ^ Jump up to : Hill 1996 , pp. 7 - 8 . ^ Jump up to : Hill 1996 , p. 8 . Jump up ^ `` Randonneurs Ontario , Profile of Pierre Giffard '' . Randonneursontario.ca . Retrieved 25 August 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Féchain Athlétique Club , Association loi 1901 - Affiliation à la Fédération Française d'athlétisme , Histoire '' . Home.nordnet.fr. 31 December 1982 . Archived from the original on 25 November 2010 . Retrieved 25 August 2010 . Jump up ^ Hill 1996 , p. 14 . Jump up ^ Hill 1996 , pp. 18 -- 20 . Jump up ^ Hill 1996 , pp. 20 -- 22 . Jump up ^ Hill 1996 , pp.
Golf (card game)
A pair of Jokers scores - 4 Any other pair scores is the same number of card Ace is minus two King is wild Queen is 0
Tennis court
Grass courts were once among the most common tennis surfaces , but are now rare due to high maintenance costs as they must be watered and mown often , and take a longer time to dry after rain than hard courts . The grass surface , however , is the most physically forgiving to the human body because of its softness .
Golf (card game)
For two to four players . Rules are the same as in double - pack golf . Sometimes jokers are not used .
Golf (card game)
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American football
The side judge is positioned twenty yards downfield of the head linesman . The side judge mainly duplicates the functions of the field judge . On field goal and extra point attempts , the side judge is positioned lateral to the umpire . The line judge is positioned on the end of the line of scrimmage , opposite the head linesman . He or she supervises player substitutions , the line of scrimmage during punts , and game timing . The line judge notifies the referee when time has expired at the end of a quarter and notifies the head coach of the home team when five minutes remain for halftime . In the NFL , the line judge also alerts the referee when two minutes remain in the half . If the clock malfunctions or becomes inoperable , the line judge becomes the official timekeeper . The field judge is positioned twenty yards downfield from the line judge . The field judge monitors and controls the play clock , counts the number of defensive players on the field , and watches for offensive pass interference and illegal use - of - hands violations by offensive players . The field judge also makes decisions regarding catches , recoveries , the ball spot when a player goes out of bounds , and illegal touching of fumbled balls that have crossed the line of scrimmage . On field goal and extra point attempts , the field judge is stationed under the upright opposite the back judge . The center judge is an eighth official used in the top level of college football . The center judge stands lateral to the referee , the same way the umpire does in the NFL . The center judge is responsible for spotting the football after each play , and has many of the same responsibilities as the referee , except announcing penalties .
Replay review in gridiron football
Scoring plays Pass complete / incomplete / intercepted Runner / receiver out of bounds Recovery of a loose ball in or out of bounds Touching of a forward pass , either by an ineligible receiver or a defensive player Quarterback pass or fumble Illegal forward pass Forward or backward pass Runner ruled not down by contact Forward progress in regard to a first down Touching of a kick Other plays involving placement of the football Whether a legal number of players is on the field at the time of the snap
Battle of the Sexes (tennis)
In 1888 , the Wimbledon 's men 's champion , Ernest Renshaw , played a handicap match against the ladies ' champion , Lottie Dod , where Dod was starting each game with a 30 -- 0 advantage . The match was played in Exmouth , England , and ended with Renshaw 's victory -- 2 -- 6 , 7 -- 5 , 7 -- 5 .
Ojibwe
As with various other North American peoples , the Ojibwe culture includes a third gender . Ojibwe Two - Spirit women take on men 's roles , classified as either `` Iron Woman '' or `` Half Sky '' . Generally , two - spirit men practiced Shamanism and it was taboo for women to take on this role , but a two - spirit following this path was called an Iron Woman . The Half Sky two - spirit would be physically good at a man 's trade ( like hunting ) . Also , there is an instance when a wife becomes a widow and takes on her husband 's manly deeds ; this woman is called a `` Woman Covered All Over '' . ( Landes 153 , 176 , 178 - 179 , and Merriam - Webster Dictionary ) .
Battle of the Sexes (tennis)
Mike Penner ( of The Los Angeles Times ) wrote : `` The great misconception about ' The Challenge ! ' was that it might actually serve as a legitimate proving ground for the sexes . '' The sports writer went on to point out that there were things keeping this match from being seriously viewed as a legitimate challenge . `` First , it was a doubles match , not a one - on - one competition . The strategy is different in doubles , weaknesses can be more easily masked and stamina is not nearly so critical a factor . '' The other point to be made : `` Riggs amounted to a 67 - year - old ball - and - chain shackled to the ankle of Gerulaitis . Riggs could n't serve , could n't return serves , could n't hit overheads with any amount of force . Older than the combined ages of Navratilova and Shriver , Riggs was painfully out of place in this match . Even John McEnroe , on his finest day , would be an underdog against Navratilova and Shriver if Riggs were his partner . ''
Battle of the Sexes (tennis)
After the match , Pancho Segura declared that Riggs was only the third best senior player , behind himself and Gardnar Mulloy , and he challenged King to another match . King refused .
Height in sports
In rowing , tallness is advantageous , because the taller a rower is , the longer his or her stroke can potentially be , thus moving the boat more effectively . The average male Olympic rower is 1.92 m ( 6 ft 3 ⁄ in ) , and the average female Olympic rower is 1.73 m ( 5 ft 8 in ) , well over the average height .
Women in Vietnam
Some of the Vietnamese soldiers taken prisoner by China were women , and they were exchanged for the captured Chinese men .
Long jump
This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( August 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Emmanuelle
Masters Tournament
The club was targeted by Martha Burk , who organized a failed protest at the 2003 Masters to pressure the club into accepting female members . Burk planned to protest at the front gates of Augusta National during the third day of the tournament , but her application for a permit to do so was denied . A court appeal was dismissed . In 2004 , Burk stated that she had no further plans to protest against the club .
Williams sisters
Key SF QF # R RR Q # Z # PO F-S SF - B NMS NH (
Jockey
Although women jockeys were barred from riding at registered race meetings , in the mid-1900s Wilhemena Smith rode as Bill Smith at north Queensland racecourses . She was nicknamed Bill Girlie Smith because she arrived on course with her riding gear on under her clothes and did not shower on course . It was only at the time of her death in 1975 that the racing world was officially told that Bill was really Wilhemena . Subsequent inquiries proved that William Smith was actually a woman who had been born Wilhemena Smith in a Sydney hospital in 1886 . In an era when women were clearly denied equality , she had become known as a successful jockey in Queensland country districts as ' Bill Smith ' .
One Thousand and One Nights
show ) Arab goddesses Al - ' Uzzá Al - Lat Chaabou Dhat - Badan Isāf and Nā'ila Manaf Manāt Nuha Arab deities A'ra Abgal Aglibol Allah Al - Lat Al - Qaum Amm Anbay Astarte Atargatis ( Syrian ) Atarsamain Athtar Baalshamin Basamum Bēl Bes ( Egypt ) Dhul Khalasa Dushara Ēl , Ilāh ( NW Semitic ) Haukim Hubal Isāf and Nā'ila Malakbel Manaf Manāt Nabū , Nebo Nasr Nergal Nuha Orotalt Ruda Sa 'd Shams , Samas Sīn Suwa ' Theandrios Al - ' Uzzá Wadd Ya'uq Yaghūth Yarhibol Yatha demons more ( show ) Etymology Language Proto - Arabic North South Nabataean Classical Pre-modern Modern Maghrebi ( Western ) Mawsiti ( Central ) Mashriq ( Eastern ) Khaliji ( Southern ) Religion Muslims Christians Druze Bahá'í Faith Arab homeland Arab League Arab Union Arab Parliament Arab identity Wedding Zaffa Sport Arab Athletics Federation Arab Athletics Championships Arab Junior Athletics Championships Gulf Cooperation Council Athletics Championships Gulf Cooperation Council Youth Athletics Championships Maghreb Athletics Championships Arab Youth Athletics Championships Arab Club Basketball Championship Arab Nations Basketball Championship Arab Women 's Club Basketball Championship Arab Cross Country Championships Pan Arab Games
Winter Olympic Games
Olympic Games Main topics Bids Boycotts Ceremonies Charter Host cities IFs IOC Medal Medal tables Medalists NOCs Pierre de Coubertin medal Scandals and controversies Sports Symbols Torch relays Venues Games Summer Winter Summer Paralympic Winter Paralympic Deaflympics Youth Special American Asian Pacific African European EYOF Ancient Intercalated
Jockey
In Australia Pam O'Neill and Linda Jones , in 1979 , were the pioneers that forced jockey club officials to grant women the right to compete on an equal footing in registered races against men . They were unquestionably the first women jockeys to be licensed to ride in the metropolitan areas of Australia . Previously women had been riding against men in Australia at the unregistered `` all - height '' meetings . Pam created a world record for any jockey , male or female , when she rode a treble at Southport on her first day 's riding . Australia 's top woman jockey , Bev Buckingham , became the first woman in the Southern Hemisphere to win 1,000 races . In 1998 , in a fall at the Elwick Racecourse ( Hobart ) , she broke her neck . She used a wheelchair for some time afterward , but regained her strength and mobility and was able to walk again without assistance .
Olympic Games
Olympic Games Main topics Bids Boycotts Ceremonies Charter Host cities IFs IOC Medal Medal tables Medalists NOCs Pierre de Coubertin medal Scandals and controversies Sports Symbols Torch relays Venues Games Summer Winter Summer Paralympic Winter Paralympic Deaflympics Youth Special American Asian Pacific African European Ancient Intercalated
Matt Saracen
Matt 's college prospects also come into play . He will not be playing football anywhere after being benched as a senior . He once confides to his mother after being benched that he never wanted to play in college and felt undeserving to be starting quarterback at all , given the circumstances leading to him becoming `` QB1 '' . Matt looks at different art schools before deciding on the School of the Art Institute of Chicago . Knowing he will be away from home , he helps his grandmother move into an assisted living home . In the end , Matt changes his mind , unable to leave his grandmother , the only person who has stayed by his side all of his life .
Michael Jordan
Jordan attended Emsley A. Laney High School in Wilmington , where he highlighted his athletic career by playing basketball , baseball , and football . He tried out for the varsity basketball team during his sophomore year , but at 5'11 '' ( 1.80 m ) , he was deemed too short to play at that level . His taller friend , Harvest Leroy Smith , was the only sophomore to make the team .
Galactik Football
In the series , Rocket develops a relationship with Tia and they eventually date . Rocket is seen to be shy in the beginning of the series . He is seen to be ambitious and intelligent , as he always have strategies to help the Snow Kids win their matches . Rocket is tall and has long brown hair ( in season 2 he keeps his hair in a ponytail ) . He wears the jersey number 5 and plays in midfield . Tia - Tia is the daughter of the Obia Moon Ambassador . In season 1 , she secretly runs away to Akillian in order to try out on Aarch 's team . She meets Rocket when her spaceship crashes , and Rocket agrees to take her to the tryouts . However , her parents take her back to Obia Moon as they do not want their daughter to play football , but later agree with her decision . Tia was the first one out of the Snow Kids to already have The Breath . During the Snow Kids ' match against the Wombat 's Tia gets attacked by Wooamboo , in order to prevent the Snow Kids from winning . In season 2 , Tia was about to fall of a cliff but Rocket uses his Breath to save her and he gets suspended . Tia is upset about this and believes it was her fault . She tries her best to bring back Rocket and blames D'Jok for doing nothing . She later beats Rocket in Netherball in hope to bring him back to the Snow Kids , after the Galactik Football League allowing him back to the team . Tia during the GFC tournament leaves the Snow Kids for a while to save her parents in prison with the help from Sonny Blackbones and his team . Yuki had to take her place during the Ryker 's match . In season 3 , Tia becomes the team captain when D'Jok leaves the team . She also gets jealous of Lun Zia because Tia thinks that she likes Rocket , but later finds out that Lun Zia already has a boyfriend . Tia is seen to be shy and caring . She used to carry a camera with her in season 1 . She is in a relationship with Rocket and would do anything for him . Tia in season 1 becomes best friend 's with Mei .
12th man (football)
Delia Smith , Norwich City 's joint major shareholder , received some attention when she took to the pitch during a half time interval , with a microphone in hand and Sky TV cameras in tow , to tell fans the side `` need their twelfth man '' . `` Where are you ? '' she cried . Norwich City lost the game in the final seconds , but Smith 's passion worked to increase the affection the fans held for her .
Jim Thorpe
Pop Warner was hesitant to allow Thorpe , his best track and field athlete , to compete in a physical game such as football . Thorpe , however , convinced Warner to let him try some rushing plays in practice against the school team 's defense ; Warner assumed he would be tackled easily and give up the idea . Thorpe `` ran around past and through them not once , but twice '' . He then walked over to Warner and said `` Nobody is going to tackle Jim '' , while flipping him the ball .
Jim Thorpe
The only positive element of this affair for Thorpe was that , as soon as the news was reported that he had been declared a professional , he received offers from professional sports clubs .
I Won't Back Down
Well I know what 's right , I got just one life in a world that keeps on pushin ' me around but I 'll stand my ground , and I wo n't back down
Fazoli's
In the early 2000s , low - carbohydrate diets became popular , decreasing sales and forcing Fazoli 's to rethink its menu again . In 2004 , the company added eight menu items with 8 grams of fat or less and also added items featuring more vegetables and protein . The company later hired Elizabeth Somer to help with the development of low - calorie and healthy dishes . In 2005 , Fazoli 's announced that there would no longer be trans fat in its bread sticks .
Supercompensation
The aforementioned functions and parameters are basic ones . Muscle strength and mass are complex parameters . For instance , muscle mass is a function of many different simple parameters . For example , amount of glycogen in muscles is a basic parameter that influences muscle mass .
Ancient Greek cuisine
In Peace , Aristophanes employs the expression ἐσθίειν κριθὰς μόνας , literally `` to eat only barley '' , with a meaning equivalent to the English `` diet of bread and water '' .
Food pyramid (nutrition)
All percentages are percentages of calories , not of weight or volume . To understand why , consider the determination of an amount of `` 10 % free sugar '' to include in a day 's worth of calories . For the same amount of calories , free sugars take up less volume and weight , being refined and extracted from the competing carbohydrates in their natural form . In a similar manner all the items are in competition for various categories of calories .
Ancient Greek cuisine
Orphicism and Pythagoreanism , two common ancient Greek religions , suggested a different way of life , based on a concept of purity and thus purification ( κάθαρσις katharsis ) -- a form of asceticism in the original sense : ἄσκησις askēsis initially signifies a ritual , then a specific way of life . Vegetarianism was a central element of Orphicism and of several variants of Pythagoreanism .
Eating disorder
Socioeconomic status ( SES ) has been viewed as a risk factor for eating disorders , presuming that possessing more resources allows for an individual to actively choose to diet and reduce body weight . Some studies have also shown a relationship between increasing body dissatisfaction with increasing SES . However , once high socioeconomic status has been achieved , this relationship weakens and , in some cases , no longer exists .
Ancient Greek cuisine
In contrast , Greeks as a whole stressed the austerity of their own diet . Plutarch tells how the king of Pontus , eager to try the Spartan `` black gruel '' , bought a Laconian cook ; ' but had no sooner tasted it than he found it extremely bad , which the cook observing , told him , `` Sir , to make this broth relish , you should have bathed yourself first in the river Eurotas '' ' . According to Polyaenus , on discovering the dining hall of the Persian royal palace , Alexander the Great mocked their taste and blamed it for their defeat . Pausanias , on discovering the dining habits of the Persian commander Mardonius , equally ridiculed the Persians , `` who having so much , came to rob the Greeks of their miserable living '' .
Food pyramid (nutrition)
The representation as a pyramid is not precise , and involves variations due to the alternative percentages of different elements , but the main sections can be represented .
Ancient Greek cuisine
Cereals formed the staple diet . The two main grains were wheat ( σῖτος sitos ) and barley ( κριθή krithe ) .
Ancient Greek cuisine
Culinary and gastronomical research was rejected as a sign of oriental flabbiness : the inhabitants of the Persian Empire were considered decadent due to their luxurious taste , which manifested itself in their cuisine . The Greek authors took pleasure in describing the table of the Achaemenid Great King and his court : Herodotus , Clearchus of Soli , Strabo and Ctesias were unanimous in their descriptions . Fresh
Semen
In Ancient Greece , Aristotle remarked on the importance of semen : `` For Aristotle , semen is the residue derived from nourishment , that is of blood , that has been highly concocted to the optimum temperature and substance . This can only be emitted by the male as only the male , by nature of his very being , has the requisite heat to concoct blood into semen . '' According to Aristotle , there is a direct connection between food and semen : `` Sperms are the excretion of our food , or to put it more clearly , as the most perfect component of our food . ''
Ancient Greek cuisine
In ancient Greece , bread was served with accompaniments known as opson ὄψον , sometimes rendered in English as `` relish '' . This was a generic term which referred to anything which accompanied this staple food , whether meat or fish , fruit or vegetable . Wheat
Ancient Greek cuisine
In the cities , fresh vegetables were expensive , and therefore , the poorer city dwellers had to make do with dried vegetables . Lentil soup ( φακῆ phakē ) was the workman 's typical dish . Cheese , garlic , and onions were the soldier 's traditional fare . In Aristophanes ' Peace , the smell of onions typically represents soldiers ; the chorus , celebrating the end of war , sings Oh ! joy , joy ! No more helmet , no more cheese nor onions ! Bitter vetch ( ὄροβος orobos ) was considered a famine food .