vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
1000 Ways to Die (season 1)
Death # `` Event '' Name Circumstances of Death 208 Semi-cide A man is run over and cut in half by an 18 - wheeler while working under his car in a parking lot . His upper body and legs are accidentally sent to separate hospitals , making the medical crew lose some time . The man dies of pain and exsanguination . 422 Constriction Accident A construction worker who comes to work drunk arrives with a hangover . He accidentally activates the dumping mechanism and buries the fellow worker under three tons of sand , killing him via crush asphyxia . 92 Fang Banged A drunk man is shot at by his equally drunk brother . When he ducks , he falls onto a rattlesnake , which bites him near his heart , and he dies from the venom . 832 Lesbocution After being involved in a series of bad relationships , a woman decides to ' become ' a lesbian . While going home to have sex with a female friend to celebrate her coming out , the woman takes off her high heels and steps barefoot into a puddle with a live wire in it and is electrocuted . 125 Love Bugged A reclusive French amateur entomologist and herpetologist is bitten by his black widow spider in a misguided attempt to build an immunity to its venom . Electing to ride out the symptoms of his latrodectism , he suffers a fatal heart attack , knocking over his reptile tanks as he collapses . The released animals then feed on his corpse for two weeks before it is found by police . 640 Tumble Die A repairman is accidentally trapped inside an industrial clothes dryer and dies of being battered around and excess heat within minutes causing hyperthermia .
Mount Everest
Debilitating symptoms consistent with high altitude cerebral oedema commonly present during descent from the summit of Mount Everest . Profound fatigue and late times in reaching the summit are early features associated with subsequent death . --
1000 Ways to Die (season 1)
`` The human body is remarkably resilient ... '' ( Note : in the following sentence , only the ALL CAPPED words are illustrated in large , red `` Sin City '' / `` comic '' font ; the rest are only heard ) `` Every day we fight a new WAR against GERMS , TOXINS , INJURY , ILLNESS , CATASTROPHE and Calamity . '' `` The fact that we survive at all is a miracle ... '' `` Because , every day we live ... '' ``
1000 Ways to Die (season 1)
`` Death ... is everywhere . Most of us try to avoid it , others ca n't get out of its way . Every day we fight a new war against GERMS , TOXINS , INJURY , ILLNESS , and CATASTROPHE . '' `` There 's a lot of ways to wind up dead . The fact that we survive at all is a miracle , because every day we live , we face ... 1000 WAYS TO DIE . ''
Famine
According to John Iliffe , `` Portuguese records of Angola from the 16th century show that a great famine occurred on average every seventy years ; accompanied by epidemic disease , it might kill one - third or one - half of the population , destroying the demographic growth of a generation and forcing colonists back into the river valleys . ''
Trafficking of children
According to UN. GIFT , child trafficking has the most significant impact on trafficked children and their families . First , trafficking can result in the death or permanent injury of the trafficked child . This can stem from a dangerous `` movement '' stage of trafficking or from specific aspects of the `` exploitation '' stage , such as hazardous working conditions . Moreover , trafficked children are often denied access to healthcare , effectively increasing their chances of serious injury and death . Trafficked children are also often subject to domestic violence ; they may be beaten or starved in order to ensure obedience . In addition , these children frequently encounter substance abuse ; they may be given drugs as `` payment '' or to ensure that they become addicted and thus dependent on their trafficker ( s ) . As opposed to many other forms of crime , the trauma experienced by children who are trafficked is often prolonged and repeated , leading to severe psychological impacts . UN. GIFT reports that trafficked children often suffer from depression , anxiety , and post-traumatic stress disorder , among other conditions .
Diphtheria
In 1878 , Queen Victoria 's daughter Princess Alice and her family became infected with diphtheria , causing two deaths , Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Alice herself .
Spider
There were about 100 reliably reported deaths from spider bites in the 20th century , compared to about 1,500 from jellyfish stings . Many alleged cases of spider bites may represent incorrect diagnoses , which would make it more difficult to check the effectiveness of treatments for genuine bites .
Air pollution in the United States
People of lower socioeconomic status may more frequently have poor health , thus the effects of air pollution can incur additional health risks and shorter lifespans on this population .
Appendix cancer
In 2007 , ESPN sportscast anchor Stuart Scott was diagnosed with appendiceal cancer , and he died of the disease in 2015 .
Carbon monoxide poisoning
One classic sign of carbon monoxide poisoning is more often seen in the dead rather than the living -- people have been described as looking red - cheeked and healthy ( see below ) . However , since this `` cherry - red '' appearance is common only in the deceased , and is unusual in living people , it is not considered a useful diagnostic sign in clinical medicine . In pathological ( autopsy ) examination the ruddy appearance of carbon monoxide poisoning is notable because unembalmed dead persons are normally bluish and pale , whereas dead carbon - monoxide poisoned persons may simply appear unusually lifelike in coloration . The colorant effect of carbon monoxide in such postmortem circumstances is thus analogous to its use as a red colorant in the commercial meat - packing industry .
Famine
Since the start of the 21st century , more effective early warning and humanitarian response actions have reduced the number of deaths by famine markedly . That said , many African countries are not self - sufficient in food production , relying on income from cash crops to import food . Agriculture in Africa is susceptible to climatic fluctuations , especially droughts which can reduce the amount of food produced locally . Other agricultural problems include soil infertility , land degradation and erosion , swarms of desert locusts , which can destroy whole crops , and livestock diseases . Desertification is increasingly problematic : the Sahara reportedly spreads up to 48 kilometres ( 30 mi ) per year . The most serious famines have been caused by a combination of drought , misguided economic policies , and conflict . The 1983 -- 85 famine in Ethiopia , for example , was the outcome of all these three factors , made worse by the Communist government 's censorship of the emerging crisis . In Sudan at the same date , drought and economic crisis combined with denials of any food shortage by the then - government of President Gaafar Nimeiry , to create a crisis that killed perhaps 250,000 people -- and helped bring about a popular uprising that overthrew Nimeiry .
Famine
Since 2003 , many of the most important organizations in famine relief , such as the World Food Programme and the U.S. Agency for International Development , have adopted a five - level scale measuring intensity and magnitude . The intensity scale uses both livelihoods ' measures and measurements of mortality and child malnutrition to categorize a situation as food secure , food insecure , food crisis , famine , severe famine , and extreme famine . The number of deaths determines the magnitude designation , with under 1000 fatalities defining a `` minor famine '' and a `` catastrophic famine '' resulting in over 1,000,000 deaths .
Thymus
In the nineteenth century , a condition was identified as status thymicolymphaticus defined by an increase in lymphoid tissue and an enlarged thymus . It was thought to be a cause of sudden infant death syndrome but is now an obsolete term .
Lead poisoning
Evidence suggests lead exposure is associated with high blood pressure , and studies have also found connections between lead exposure and coronary heart disease , heart rate variability , and death from stroke , but this evidence is more limited . People who have been exposed to higher concentrations of lead may be at a higher risk for cardiac autonomic dysfunction on days when ozone and fine particles are higher . Reproductive
1000 Ways to Die (season 1)
Death # `` Event '' Name Date of Death Location Circumstances of Death 316 Butt F * * * ed December 21 , 1978 Mercy Care Mobile , Alabama A man falls asleep while smoking and sets himself on fire . He is rescued , taken to the hospital , and wrapped from head to toe in bandages soaked in burn medicine to treat his 3rd - degree burns . After 3 weeks in the hospital without a cigarette , he bribes a nurse to let him outside for a few minutes . He smuggles a cigarette out and lights up , but the ashes from the cigarette ignite his bandages . As he struggles to put the fire out , his wheelchair rolls down the ramp , and at the bottom , his oxygen tank explodes causing 4th degree burning . 818 Frightmare June 15 , 1995 Alexi 's Apartment Fargo , ND A woman suffers from SUNDS ( Sudden Unexpected Nocturnal Death Syndrome ) , and dies in her sleep from cardiac arrhythmia , brought on by an intense nightmare about a demonic dwarf strangling her that she could not wake up from . 97 Oprah Winfried November 12 , 1986 Folsom Prison Folsom , CA An obnoxious former death row inmate whose sentence was commuted to life without parole ( much to the disgust of his lawyer ) is watching The Oprah Winfrey Show on his metallic prison toilet and is electrocuted when he grabs an exposed portion of the power cord in an attempt to fix his TV reception . 412 Em - Bear - Assed April 16 , 2001 Mojave Desert Palmdale , CA A man under the influence of magic mushrooms comes across a group of furries in animal costumes engaged in sexual encounters around a campfire in the desert and attempts to join in , but is rejected . He mistakes a nearby mother brown bear for one of the participants , and not realizing it is real until too late , he is then mauled to death . 625 Midnight Choker December 18 , 2006 Jack 's Bar Gary , IN A biker impresses fellow bar patrons by swallowing a billiard ball ( the 8 - ball in particular ) and then bringing it back up . He tries to repeat the trick with a cue ball , but the larger - diameter size of the ball prevents him from pushing the ball back up his throat , and he asphyxiates .
Air pollution in the United States
Causes early death ( both short - term and long - term exposure ) Causes cardiovascular harm ( e.g. heart attacks , strokes , heart disease , congestive heart failure ) Likely to cause respiratory harm ( e.g. worsened asthma , worsened COPD , inflammation ) May cause cancer May cause reproductive and developmental harm
Famine
The Great Famine of 1695 -- 1697 may have killed a third of the Finnish population . and roughly 10 % of Norway 's population . Death rates rose in Scandinavia between 1740 and 1800 as the result of a series of crop failures . For instance , the Finnish famine of 1866 -- 1868 killed 15 % of the population .
1000 Ways to Die (season 1)
The hornets attack him and he dies from anaphylactic shock due to an unknown allergy to hornet venom . 952 Dumbrella January 13 , 2007 Wood 's Carnival Barnegat , NJ A sword swallower trying to perform despite dwindling audiences and an unstable economy takes a bet to swallow an umbrella . However , the release button is accidentally hit in the process and the umbrella is lodged in his esophagus . This closes off his trachea and causes internal bleeding and choking , killing him . 674 Killdo January 31 , 2004 Jennifer 's Pad Roanoke , VA While eyeing a handsome grocery store clerk , a woman gets the idea to use a peeled carrot as a dildo during her nightly masturbation session . While using the carrot during her session , a rough cut slices her vaginal wall , letting air into her circulatory system . An air bubble travels to her heart , blocking blood flow , and the woman dies from an air embolism .
Famine
The factual accuracy of parts of this article ( those related to article ) may be compromised due to out - of - date information . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( December 2010 )
Famine
Relief technologies , including immunization , improved public health infrastructure , general food rations and supplementary feeding for vulnerable children , has provided temporary mitigation to the mortality impact of famines , while leaving their economic consequences unchanged , and not solving the underlying issue of too large a regional population relative to food production capability . Humanitarian crises may also arise from genocide campaigns , civil wars , refugee flows and episodes of extreme violence and state collapse , creating famine conditions among the affected populations .
Famine
According to a FEWSNET report , `` Famines are not natural phenomena , they are catastrophic political failures . ''
Toxic shock syndrome
Confirmed : All six of the criteria above are met ( unless the patient dies before desquamation can occur ) Probable : Five of the six criteria above are met
Lead poisoning
In the 18th century lead poisoning was fairly frequent on account of the widespread drinking of rum , which was made in stills with a lead component ( the `` worm '' ) . It was a significant cause of mortality amongst slaves and sailors in the colonial West Indies . Lead poisoning from rum was also noted in Boston . Benjamin Franklin suspected lead to be a risk in 1786 . Also in the 18th century , `` Devonshire colic '' was the name given to the symptoms suffered by people of Devon who drank cider made in presses that were lined with lead . Lead was added to cheap wine illegally in the 18th and early 19th centuries as a sweetener . The composer Beethoven , a heavy wine drinker , suffered elevated lead levels ( as later detected in his hair ) possibly due to this ; the cause of his death is controversial , but lead poisoning is a contender as a factor .
Bothrops asper
In the Colombian states of Antioquia and Chocó , it causes 50 -- 70 % of all snakebites , with a sequelae rate of 9 % and a fatality rate of 6 % ( Otero et al. , 1992 ) .
Air pollution in the United States
Causes respiratory harm ( e.g. worsened asthma , worsened COPD , inflammation ) Likely to cause early death ( both short - term and long - term exposure ) Likely to cause cardiovascular harm ( e.g. heart attacks , strokes , heart disease , congestive heart failure ) May cause harm to the central nervous system May cause reproductive and developmental harm
Poverty in the United Kingdom
Poverty and economic insecurity increase the risk that a person will commit suicide . The Samaritans claim The British economic condition , including low incomes , job insecurity , zero - hours contracts , unmanageable debts and poor housing all add to suicide risk . A report titled , Dying from Inequality , describes `` overwhelming evidence of a link between socioeconomic disadvantage and suicidal behaviour '' . `` Men in the lowest social class , living in the most deprived areas , are up to 10 times more at risk of suicide then those in the highest social class living in the most affluent areas , '' the report says . Unemployed people are more at risk of suicide than people with work , people with low education and people living in deprived areas are also at increased risk .
How to Save a Life
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Famine
In 1992 Somalia became a war zone with no effective government , police , or basic services after the collapse of the dictatorship led by Siad Barre and the split of power between warlords . This coincided with a massive drought , causing over 300,000 Somalians to perish .
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Riding in the back of pickup trucks has led to poisoning in children . Idling automobiles with the exhaust pipe blocked by snow has led to the poisoning of car occupants . Any perforation between the exhaust manifold and shroud can result in exhaust gases reaching the cabin . Generators and propulsion engines on boats , especially houseboats , has resulted in fatal carbon monoxide exposures .
Euthanasia
Similarly , Emanuel argues that there are four major arguments presented by opponents of euthanasia : a ) not all deaths are painful ; b ) alternatives , such as cessation of active treatment , combined with the use of effective pain relief , are available ; c ) the distinction between active and passive euthanasia is morally significant ; and d ) legalising euthanasia will place society on a slippery slope , which will lead to unacceptable consequences . In fact , in Oregon , in 2013 , pain was n't one of the top five reasons people sought euthanasia . Top reasons were a loss of dignity , and a fear of burdening others .
Chickenpox
In the tropics , chickenpox often occurs in older people and may cause more serious disease . In adults , the pock marks are darker and the scars more prominent than in children .
Famine
According to the Physicians for Social Responsibility ( PSR ) , global climate change is additionally challenging the Earth 's ability to produce food , potentially leading to famine .
Myocardial infarction
Depictions of heart attacks in popular media often include collapsing or loss of consciousness which are not common symptoms ; these depictions contribute to widespread misunderstanding about the symptoms of myocardial infarctions , which in turn contributes to people not getting care when they should .
Fortress of Solitude
Several days after the crisis Superman uses the Fortress 's medical equipment and A.I technology to do a full physical on him and discovers that as a result of Vandal 's actions using Krytonite to burn out his infected cells that he is dying and has mere weeks to live .
Amy Winehouse
She suffered from bulimia very badly . That 's not , like , a revelation -- you knew just by looking at her ... She would have died eventually , the way she was going , but what really killed her was the bulimia ... I think that it left her weaker and more susceptible . Had she not had an eating disorder , she would have been physically stronger .
Famine
The period of 1740 -- 43 saw frigid winters and summer droughts , which led to famine across Europe and a major spike in mortality . The winter 1740 -- 41 was unusually cold , possibly because of volcanic activity .
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
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Nuss procedure
Older children may also struggle with adjusting to living in their changed bodies during the several months of healing due to the pain and limitations .
Bacterial conjugation
Bacteria related to the nitrogen fixing Rhizobia are an interesting case of inter-kingdom conjugation . For example , the tumor - inducing ( Ti ) plasmid of Agrobacterium and the root - tumor inducing ( Ri ) plasmid of A. rhizogenes contain genes that are capable of transferring to plant cells . The expression of these genes effectively transforms the plant cells into opine - producing factories . Opines are used by the bacteria as sources of nitrogen and energy . Infected cells form crown gall or root tumors . The Ti and Ri plasmids are thus endosymbionts of the bacteria , which are in turn endosymbionts ( or parasites ) of the infected plant .
Plant breeding
To genetically modify a plant , a genetic construct must be designed so that the gene to be added or removed will be expressed by the plant . To do this , a promoter to drive transcription and a termination sequence to stop transcription of the new gene , and the gene or genes of interest must be introduced to the plant . A marker for the selection of transformed plants is also included . In the laboratory , antibiotic resistance is a commonly used marker : Plants that have been successfully transformed will grow on media containing antibiotics ; plants that have not been transformed will die . In some instances markers for selection are removed by backcrossing with the parent plant prior to commercial release .
Nuss procedure
Eventually , the bar is secured with muscle tissue that regrows during the recovery time . Although initially recommended only for younger patients , the Nuss procedure is now commonly used on patients in their thirties and forties with excellent results .
Vector (molecular biology)
Insertion of a vector into the target cell is usually called transformation for bacterial cells , transfection for eukaryotic cells , although insertion of a viral vector is often called transduction .
Bacterial conjugation
The genetic information transferred is often beneficial to the recipient . Benefits may include antibiotic resistance , xenobiotic tolerance or the ability to use new metabolites . Such beneficial plasmids may be considered bacterial endosymbionts . Other elements , however , may be viewed as bacterial parasites and conjugation as a mechanism evolved by them to allow for their spread .
Nuss procedure
Some surgeons have achieved excellent results using only pericostal sutures , without the use of stabilizers . For older children who have more ossified bones , an additional option the surgeon has is to make an incision across the sternum so the bar is attached with a wire to the sternum to avoid bar displacement . Older children 's bones do not conform as easily to the bar , thus increasing the risk of bar displacement , so the wire attaching the bar directly to the sternum may help avoid a second surgery to correct bar displacement .
Trafficking of children
The practice is also known as `` re-homing '' or `` adoption from disruption '' .
Cremation
Some cities in Germany do not have plots for sale , only for lease . When the lease expires , the remains are disinterred and a specialist bundles the bones , inscribes the forehead of the skull with the information that was on the headstone , and places the remains in a special crypt .
Plant breeding
Hybrids may also be produced by a technique called protoplast fusion . In this case protoplasts are fused , usually in an electric field . Viable recombinants can be regenerated in culture .
Bacterial conjugation
Since integration of the F - plasmid into the E. coli chromosome is a rare spontaneous occurrence , and since the numerous genes promoting DNA transfer are in the plasmid genome rather than in the bacterial genome , it has been argued that conjugative bacterial gene transfer , as it occurs in the E. coli Hfr system , is not an evolutionary adaptation of the bacterial host , nor is it likely ancestral to eukaryotic sex .
Transduction (physiology)
Auditory transduction is not the only marvelous type of transduction our body performs though . Here are some others :
My Princess
In the end , J.D. concludes the woman has Wilson 's Disease and needs a new liver . Dr. Cox tells his son that the maiden lived , but when he exits the room Jordan asks him whether or not she really survived . He suggests that she did n't , saying , `` that 's the way I 'm telling it . ''
Nuss procedure
After a period of two to four years , the surgical stainless steel bar is removed from the patient 's chest . This procedure lasts approximately ninety minutes . The length of time that the patient stays at the hospital following the bar removal procedure varies , depending on the amount of new bone growth surrounding the bar . Accordingly , the length of time may range from a few hours to several days , or up to one week .