vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Michigan
The geographic orientation of Michigan 's peninsulas makes for a long distance between the ends of the state . Ironwood , in the far western Upper Peninsula , lies 630 highway miles ( 1,015 km ) from Lambertville in the Lower Peninsula 's southeastern corner . The geographic isolation of the Upper Peninsula from Michigan 's political and population centers makes the U.P. culturally and economically distinct . Occasionally U.P. residents have called for secession from Michigan and establishment as a new state to be called `` Superior '' .
Arctic Ocean
In Alaska , the main ports are Barrow ( 71 ° 17 ′ 44 '' N 156 ° 45 ′ 59 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 71.29556 ° N 156.76639 ° W ﻿ / 71.29556 ; - 156.76639 ﻿ ( Barrow ) ) and Prudhoe Bay ( 70 ° 19 ′ 32 '' N 148 ° 42 ′ 41 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 70.32556 ° N 148.71139 ° W ﻿ / 70.32556 ; - 148.71139 ﻿ ( Prudhoe ) ) . Canada
St. Johns River
Lying within a coastal plain , the St. Johns River passes through an area that was at one time barrier islands , coastal dunes , and estuary marshes . The Florida Peninsula was created primarily by forces and minerals from the ocean . It lies so low that minor fluctuations in sea levels can have a dramatic effect on its geomorphology . Florida was once part of the supercontinent Gondwana . Lying underneath the visible rock formations is a basement of igneous granite and volcanic composition under a sedimentary layer formed during the Paleozoic era 542 to 251 million years ago . During the Cretaceous period ( 145 to 66 million years ago ) , the basement and its sedimentary overlay were further covered by calcium carbonate and formations left by the evaporation of water called evaporites . What covers the peninsula is the result of simultaneous processes of deposits of sands , shells , and coral , and erosion from water and weather . As ocean water has retreated and progressed , the peninsula has been covered with sea water at least seven times . Waves compressed sands , calcium carbonate , and shells into limestone ; at the ocean 's edge , beach ridges were created by this depositional forming . North - south axis rivers , such as the St. Johns , were created by past beach ridges which were often divided by swales . As ocean water retreated , lagoons formed in the swales , which were further eroded by acidic water . Barrier islands , furthermore , formed along the Atlantic Coast , surrounding the lagoon with land and forming a freshwater river .
Trans-Canada Highway
Highway 17 proceeds east from Nipigon for 581 km ( 361 mi ) along the northern and eastern coast of Lake Superior . Between Wawa and Sault Ste . Marie , the highway crosses the Montreal River Hill , which sometimes becomes a bottleneck on the system in the winter when inclement weather can make the hill 's steep grade virtually impassable . At Sault Ste . Marie , the highway turns eastward for 291 km ( 181 mi ) east to Sudbury . The Trans - Canada Highway splits again at the junction of Highways 17 and 69 on Sudbury 's Southwest and Southeast Bypasses . The southern route follows Highways 69 and 400 south for 254 km ( 158 mi ) and then Highway 12 for 27 km ( 17 mi ) to Orillia , a further 58 km ( 36 mi ) along the shore of Lake Simcoe , before following Highway 7 east for 70 km ( 43 mi ) to Peterborough . The northern route continues east for 151 km ( 94 mi ) to North Bay , and then 216 km ( 134 mi ) to Pembroke . The two branches converge at Ottawa , 244 km ( 152 mi ) east of Peterborough and 123 km ( 76 mi ) east of Pembroke . In Southern Ontario , the speed limit is generally 80 km / h ( 50 mph ) on the Trans - Canada , while in Northern Ontario it is 90 km / h ( 56 mph ) . Sections routed along provincial freeways feature a higher limit of 100 km / h ( 62 mph ) .
The Bronx
The historic Boston Post Road , part of the long pre-revolutionary road connecting Boston with other northeastern cities , runs east - west in some places , and sometimes northeast - southwest .
Blue Lake (South Australia)
The Blue Lake in early March . The Blue Lake in early March . The Blue Lake in early March . Approximately 4 m ( 13 ft ) above the lake 's surface . The lake in early March with the original pumping station in the foreground . The Adam Lindsay Gordon obelisk at the Blue Lake .
Lake District
Bassenthwaite Lake Brotherswater Buttermere Coniston Water Crummock Water Derwent Water Devoke Water Elter Water Ennerdale Water Esthwaite Water Grasmere Haweswater Reservoir Hayeswater Loweswater Rydal Water Thirlmere Ullswater Wast Water Windermere
Shenandoah River
Happy Creek Manassas Run Venus Branch Long Branch Spout Run Morgan Mill Stream Chapel Run Lewis Run Craig Run Dog Run Spout Run Wheat Spring Run
Lake District
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Atlas Mountains
Near Barrage Cavagnac , there is a hydroelectric dam that has created the artificial lake Lalla Takerkoust . The lake serves also as a source for fish for the local fishermen .
Lake District
The Central Fells are lower in elevation than surrounding areas of fell , peaking at 762 m ( 2,500 ft ) at High Raise . They take the form of a ridge running between Derwent Water in the west and Thirlmere in the east , from Keswick in the north to Langdale Pikes in the south . A spur extends south east to Loughrigg Fell above Ambleside . The central ridge running north over High Seat is exceptionally boggy . Eastern
Great Salt Lake
The Great Salt Lake differs in elevation between the south and north parts . The causeway for the Lucin Cutoff divides the lake into two parts . The water - surface elevation of the south part of the lake is usually 0.5 to 2 feet ( 15 -- 61 cm ) higher than that of the north part because most of the inflow to the lake occurs from the south .
Lake District
The Far Eastern Fells refer to all of the Lakeland fells to the east of Ullswater and the A592 road running south to Windermere . At 828 m ( 2,717 ft ) , the peak known as High Street is the highest point on a complex ridge which runs broadly north -- south and overlooks the hidden valley of Haweswater to its east . In the north of this region are the lower fells of Martindale Common and Bampton Common whilst in the south are the fells overlooking the Kentmere valley . Further to the east , beyond Mardale and Longsleddale is Shap Fell , an extensive area consisting of high moorland , more rolling and Pennine in nature than the mountains to the west . Southern
Bemidji, Minnesota
Bemidji is near Chippewa National Forest , Itasca State Park , Lake Bemidji State Park , Big Bog State Recreation Area , and state forest areas . Bemidji has 400 lakes within 25 miles ( 40 km ) , 500 mi ( 800 km ) of snowmobile trails and 99 mi ( 160 km ) of cross country ski trails .
Great Salt Lake
Great Salt Lake Satellite photo from August 2003 after five years of drought , reaching near - record lows . Note the difference in colors between the northern and southern portions of the lake , the result of a railroad causeway . Location Utah , United States Coordinates 41 ° 10 ′ N 112 ° 35 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 41.167 ° N 112.583 ° W ﻿ / 41.167 ; - 112.583 Coordinates : 41 ° 10 ′ N 112 ° 35 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 41.167 ° N 112.583 ° W ﻿ / 41.167 ; - 112.583 Type Endorheic , hypersaline , generally 27 % salinity Primary inflows Bear , Jordan , Weber rivers Catchment area 21,500 sq mi ( 55,685 km2 ) Basin countries United States Max. length 75 mi ( 120 km ) Max . width 28 mi ( 45 km ) Surface area 1,700 sq mi ( 4,400 km2 ) Average depth 16 ft ( 4.9 m ) , when lake is at average level Max . depth 33 ft ( 10 m ) average , high of 45 ft ( 14 m ) in 1987 , low of 24 ft ( 7.3 m ) in 1963 Water volume 15,338,693.6 acre ft ( 18.92 km ) Surface elevation historical average of 4,200 feet ( 1,283 m ) , 4,190.3 feet ( 1,277 m ) as of 2016 July 7 Islands 8 -- 15 ( variable , see Islands ) Settlements Salt Lake and Ogden metropolitan areas .
Bemidji, Minnesota
According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 14.14 square miles ( 36.62 km ) , of which 12.92 square miles ( 33.46 km ) is land and 1.22 square miles ( 3.16 km ) is water . Lake
Great Lakes
In the early years of the 21st century , water levels in the Great Lakes were a concern . Researchers at the Mowat Centre said that low levels could cost $19 bn by 2050 .
Mauna Kea
Mauna Kea is home to Lake Waiau , the highest lake in the Pacific Basin . At an altitude of 3,969 m ( 13,022 ft ) , it lies within the Pu ʻu Waiau cinder cone and is the only alpine lake in Hawaii . The lake is very small and shallow , with a surface area of 0.73 ha ( 1.80 acres ) and a depth of 3 m ( 10 ft ) . Radiocarbon dating of samples at the base of the lake indicates that it was clear of ice 12,600 years ago . Hawaiian lava types are typically permeable , preventing the formation of lakes due to infiltration . Here , either sulfur - bearing steam altered the volcanic ash to low - permeability clays , or explosive interactions between rising magma and groundwater or surface water ( phreatic eruptions ) formed exceptionally fine ash that also would reduce the permeability of the lake bed .
Crater Lake
The lake has relatively high levels of dissolved salts , total alkalinity , and conductivity . The average pH has generally ranged between 7 and 8 .
Great Salt Lake
Although the pumps are no longer in use , they have been kept in place in case the level of the Great Salt Lake ever rises that high again .
Great Salt Lake
Most of the trappers , however , were illiterate and did not record their discoveries . As oral reports of their findings made their way to those who did make records , some errors were made . Escalante had been on the shores of Utah Lake , which he named Laguna Timpanogos . It was the larger of the two lakes that appeared on Miera 's map . Other cartographers followed his lead and charted Lake Timpanogos as the largest ( or larger ) lake in the region . As people came to know of the Great Salt Lake , they interpreted the maps to think that `` Timpanogos '' referred to the Great Salt Lake . On some maps the two names were used synonymously . In time `` Timpanogos '' was dropped from the maps and its original association with Utah Lake was forgotten .
Lake Michigan
Benton Harbor Bridgman Charlevoix Douglas Elberta Escanaba Ferrysburg Frankfort Gladstone Glenn Grand Beach Grand Haven Harbor Springs Holland Ludington Mackinaw City Manistee Manistique Menominee Michiana Muskegon New Buffalo Norton Shores Pentwater Petoskey Saugatuck St. Joseph Shoreham South Haven Traverse City
Crater Lake
Due to several unique factors , mainly that the lake has no inlets or tributaries , the waters of Crater Lake are some of the purest in the world because of the absence of pollutants . Clarity readings from a Secchi disk have consistently been in the high - 30 meter to mid-20 meter ( 80 to 115 - foot ) range , which is very clear for any natural body of water . In 1997 , scientists recorded a record clarity of 53.3 m ( 175 ft ) .
Ojibwe
This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( August 2013 )
Crater Lake
Crater Lake is in Klamath County , approximately 60 miles ( 97 km ) northwest of the county seat of Klamath Falls , and about 80 miles ( 130 km ) northeast of the city of Medford .
Michigan
The Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten and many residents hold up a hand to depict where they are from . It is 277 miles ( 446 km ) long from north to south and 195 miles ( 314 km ) from east to west and occupies nearly two - thirds of the state 's land area . The surface of the peninsula is generally level , broken by conical hills and glacial moraines usually not more than a few hundred feet tall . It is divided by a low water divide running north and south . The larger portion of the state is on the west of this and gradually slopes toward Lake Michigan . The highest point in the Lower Peninsula is either Briar Hill at 1,705 feet ( 520 m ) , or one of several points nearby in the vicinity of Cadillac . The lowest point is the surface of Lake Erie at 571 feet ( 174 m ) .
Crater Lake
Crater Lake Panoramic winter view of Crater Lake from Rim Village Crater Lake Location in the United States Crater Lake Crater Lake ( the US ) Show map of Oregon Show map of the US Show all Bathymetric survey Location Klamath County , Oregon Coordinates 42 ° 57 ′ N 122 ° 06 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 42.95 ° N 122.10 ° W ﻿ / 42.95 ; - 122.10 Coordinates : 42 ° 57 ′ N 122 ° 06 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 42.95 ° N 122.10 ° W ﻿ / 42.95 ; - 122.10 Lake type crater lake Primary inflows precipitation and snowmelt only Primary outflows evaporation , subsurface seepage to Wood River Catchment area 23.3 sq mi ( 60 km ) Basin countries United States Max. length 6 mi ( 9.7 km ) Max . width 5 mi ( 8.0 km ) Surface area 20.6 sq mi ( 53 km ) Average depth 1,148 ft ( 350 m ) Max . depth 1,949 ft ( 594 m ) Water volume 4.49 cu mi ( 18.7 km ) Residence time 157 years Shore length 21.8 mi ( 35.1 km ) Surface elevation 6,178 ft ( 1,883 m ) Islands Wizard Island Phantom Ship Shore length is not a well - defined measure . Panoramic
USS Maine (ACR-1)
A bronze torpedo tube and armoured hatch form part of a memorial in West Park , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , just south of West North Avenue , http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM769B_Maine_Memorial_Pittsburgh_PA
Great Salt Lake
Due to its shallowness , the water level can fall dramatically in dry years and rise during high precipitation years , hence reflecting prolonged drought and wet periods . The lake level change is strongly modulated by the Pacific Ocean through atmospheric circulations that fluctuate at low frequency . By capturing these climate oscillations while using tree - ring reconstruction of lake level , the lake level fluctuation could be predicted onward for 5 -- 8 years . The Utah Climate Center provides prediction of the Great Salt Lake 's annual lake level . This forecast uses central tropical Pacific Ocean temperature , watershed precipitation , tree - ring data of 750 + years , and the lake level itself . Color
Shenandoah River
Various accounts tell the origin of the name . According to one , General George Washington named the valley ( and river ) in honor of Skenandoa ( or Shenandoah ) , an Oneida `` pine tree chief '' based in New York , who led hundreds of Oneida and Tuscarora warriors in support of the American rebels on the frontier during the Revolutionary War . He also sent much needed corn to Washington and his troops during their hard winter at Valley Forge , Pennsylvania in 1777 - 1778 . However , the name was in use when Washington was a child , as evidenced in land grants and correspondence . It is also said to be named after the Senedo people , a little - documented tribe said to have lived on the north fork of the river and destroyed by the Catawba , some time between 1650 and 1700 .
Michigan
Michigan also has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds . A person in the state is never more than six miles ( 9.7 km ) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles ( 137 km ) from a Great Lakes shoreline .
Lake District
The former Keswick School of Industrial Art at Keswick was started by Canon Rawnsley , a friend of John Ruskin .
Great Lakes
The total surface area of the lakes is approximately 94,250 square miles ( 244,100 km ) -- nearly the same size as the United Kingdom , and larger than the U.S. states of New York , New Jersey , Connecticut , Rhode Island , Massachusetts , Vermont , and New Hampshire combined .
Ojibwe
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Great Salt Lake
Water levels have been recorded since 1875 , averaging about 4,200 feet ( 1,280 m ) above sea level . Since the Great Salt Lake is a shallow lake with gently sloping shores around all edges except on the south side , small variations in the water level greatly affect the extent of the shoreline . The water level can rise dramatically in wet years and fall during dry years . The water level is also affected by the amount of water flow diverted for agricultural and urban uses . The Jordan and Weber rivers , in particular , are diverted for other uses . In the 1880s Grove Karl Gilbert predicted that the lake -- then in the middle of many years of recession -- would virtually disappear except for a small remnant between the islands .
Great Lakes
See also : Flora of the Great Lakes region , and Index : Trees of the Great Lakes region .
Lake District
The Lake District is located entirely within the county of Cumbria . All the land in England higher than 3,000 feet ( 914 m ) above sea level lies within the National Park , including Scafell Pike , the highest mountain in England . It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England , Wast Water and Windermere .
Great Lakes
The organisms living on the bottom of shallow waters are similar to those found in smaller lakes . The deep waters , however , contain organisms found only in deep , cold lakes of the northern latitudes . These include the delicate opossum shrimp ( order mysida ) , the deepwater scud ( a crustacean of the order amphipoda ) , two types of copepods , and the deepwater sculpin ( a spiny , large - headed fish ) .
Lake Michigan
Illinois Chicago Evanston Glencoe Highland Park Kenilworth Lake Forest Lake Bluff North Chicago Waukegan Wilmette Winnetka Zion Indiana East Chicago Gary Hammond Michigan City Portage Porter Whiting
Great Salt Lake
The northern arm of the lake has a much higher salinity , to the point that the native brine shrimp can not survive in its waters . In the southern portion , where the vast majority of the fresh water inlets are found , the salt level can dip below what is necessary for the brine shrimp to survive , while water in the northern bay is too salty . The salinity of northern arm of the lake will likely drop as lower salinity from the southern arm of the lake flows into the northern arm . The brine shrimp harvesting industry could benefit from the causeway allowing a freer flow of water . There were concerns from the brine shrimp harvesting industry that the lake conditions in the southern arm of the lake were becoming too saline for the brine shrimp due to several years of lower precipitation in the lake 's watershed . The precipitation in the watershed has been above normal for the current water year that begins its tracking October 1 , 2016 . This additional precipitation has allowed the levels of both arms of the lake to rise , and at least for the near future the conditions for a healthy brine shrimp population seem good .
Great Lakes
The Lake Superior shipwreck coast from Grand Marais , Michigan , to Whitefish Point became known as the `` Graveyard of the Great Lakes '' . More vessels have been lost in the Whitefish Point area than any other part of Lake Superior . The Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve serves as an underwater museum to protect the many shipwrecks in this area .
Shenandoah River
Winchester Road ( US 340 ) Strasburg Road ( Va 55 ) Deer Rapids Road ( SR 744 ) Colby Lane ( low - water , on private property ) Bear Paw Road Headly Road ( SR 600 ) Hesley Bridge Lane Artz Road ( SR 663 ) Woodstock Tower Road ( SR 758 ) South Hollingsworth Road ( SR 609 ) Laurel Hill Lane Edinburg Gap Road ( SR 675 ) Palmyra Church Road ( SR 698 ) Red Banks Road ( SR T - 698 ) Old Valley Pike ( US 11 ) Wissler Road ( SR 720 ) Caverns Road ( SR 730 ) Interstate 81 Quicksburg Road ( SR 767 ) River Road ( SR 728 ) Va 42 Shenandoah Avenue ( SR 1411 ) Spar Mine Road ( SR 617 ) Brocks Gap Road ( Va 259 ) Hopkins Gap Road ( SR 612 ) Little Dry River Road ( SR 818 ) Yankeetown Road Lairs Run Road Bergton Road ( SR 820 ) Bergton Road ( SR 820 )
Ojibwe
This section contains a list of miscellaneous information . Please relocate any relevant information into other sections or articles . ( March 2018 )
Lake District
The North Western Fells lie between Borrowdale and Bassenthwaite Lake to the east and Buttermere and Lorton Vale to the west . Their southernmost point is at Honister Pass . This area includes the Derwent Fells above the Newlands Valley and hills to the north amongst which are Dale Head , Robinson . To the north stand Grasmoor , highest in the range at 852 m ( 2,795 ft ) , Grisedale Pike and the hills around the valley of Coledale , and in the far north west is Thornthwaite Forest and Lord 's Seat . The fells in this area are rounded Skiddaw slate , with few tarns and relatively few rock faces . Western
Salt Lake City
The Salt Lake Valley floor is the ancient lakebed of Lake Bonneville which existed at the end of the last Ice Age . Several Lake Bonneville shorelines can be distinctly seen on the foothills or benches of nearby mountains . A
Indus River
Beas River Chenab River Gar River Gilgit River Gomal River Hunza River Jhelum River Kabul River Kunar River Kurram River Panjnad River Ravi River Shyok River Soan River Suru River Satluj River Swat River Zanskar River Zhob River
Indus River
Accounts of the Indus valley from the times of Alexander 's campaign indicate a healthy forest cover in the region , which has now considerably receded . The Mughal Emperor Babur writes of encountering rhinoceroses along its bank in his memoirs ( the Baburnama ) . Extensive deforestation and human interference in the ecology of the Shivalik Hills has led to a marked deterioration in vegetation and growing conditions . The Indus valley regions are arid with poor vegetation . Agriculture is sustained largely due to irrigation works . The Indus river and its watershed has a rich biodiversity . It is home to around 25 amphibian species and 147 species , 22 of which are only found in the Indus .
Irrigation tank
3 . Most of the rivers of this region are seasonal and dry up during summer season . Therefore , they can not supply water to canals throughout the year .
Narmada River
Forest areas outside protected areas are also quite rich in floral and faunal diversity .
Ghaggar-Hakra River
The main tributaries of the Ghaggar are the Kaushalya river , Markanda , Sarsuti , Tangri and Chautang .
Thar Desert
There is also a small present - day Sarasvati River ( Sarsuti ) that joins the Ghaggar .
Indus River
Kala Bagh Barrage , Chasma Barrage , and Taunsa Barrage are also built in Punjab on the Indus .
Amazon River
On the south bank , above the Xingu , a line of low bluffs bordering the floodplain extends nearly to Santarém in a series of gentle curves before they bend to the southwest , and , abutting upon the lower Tapajós , merge into the bluffs which form the terrace margin of the Tapajós river valley .
Amazon River
6,259 km ( 3,889 mi ) to 6,992 km ( 4,345 mi ) -- Amazon , South America 3,250 km ( 2,020 mi ) -- Madeira , Bolivia / Brazil 3,211 km ( 1,995 mi ) -- Purús , Peru / Brazil 2,820 km ( 1,750 mi ) -- Japurá or Caquetá , Colombia / Brazil 2,639 km ( 1,640 mi ) -- Tocantins , Brazil 2,627 km ( 1,632 mi ) -- Araguaia , Brazil ( tributary of Tocantins ) 2,400 km ( 1,500 mi ) -- Juruá , Peru / Brazil 2,250 km ( 1,400 mi ) -- Rio Negro , Brazil / Venezuela / Colombia 1,992 km ( 1,238 mi ) -- Tapajós , Brazil 1,979 km ( 1,230 mi ) -- Xingu , Brazil 1,900 km ( 1,200 mi ) -- Ucayali River , Peru 1,749 km ( 1,087 mi ) -- Guaporé , Brazil / Bolivia ( tributary of Madeira ) 1,575 km ( 979 mi ) -- Içá ( Putumayo ) , Ecuador / Colombia / Peru 1,415 km ( 879 mi ) -- Marañón , Peru 1,370 km ( 850 mi ) -- Teles Pires , Brazil ( tributary of Tapajós ) 1,300 km ( 810 mi ) -- Iriri , Brazil ( tributary of Xingu ) 1,240 km ( 770 mi ) -- Juruena , Brazil ( tributary of Tapajós ) 1,130 km ( 700 mi ) -- Madre de Dios , Peru / Bolivia ( tributary of Madeira ) 1,100 km ( 680 mi ) -- Huallaga , Peru ( tributary of Marañón )
Mississippi River
Some of the pre-1927 strategy is still in use today , with the Corps actively cutting the necks of horseshoe bends , allowing the water to move faster and reducing flood heights .