vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
[External link icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/ded4adc3ea0bd2a81b113c579f2b1183926da211/icons/launch-glyph.svg)](https://watson-developer-cloud.github.io/doc-tutorial-downloads/discovery/custom_stopwords_ja.txt).
* Spanish: [custom_stopwords_es.txt ![External link icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/ded4adc3ea0bd2a81b113c579f2b1183926da211/icons/launch-glyph.svg)](https://watson-developer-cloud.github.io/doc-tutorial-downloads/discovery/custom_stopwords_es.txt).



For the list of languages that Discovery supports, see [Language support](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/discovery?topic=discovery-language-support). Several supported languages do not have a default stopwords list.

To upload or delete stopword files using the Discovery tooling, open the Search settings screen and choose Stopwords. To open Search settings, click the ![Manage Data](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/ded4adc3ea0bd2a81b113c579f2b1183926da211/discovery//images/icon_yourData.png) icon, open your collection, and choose the Search settings tab.

See the [stopwords API reference](https://cloud.ibm.com/apidocs/discoverycreate-stopword-list) for the API commands to upload and delete custom stopword lists.

Notes about stopwords:



* Uploading a custom stopword list is only available for private collections on Advanced and Premium plans, with the exception of the COVID-19 collection available in Lite plans.
New French language support for Discovery News : Released [IBM Watson™ Discovery News](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/discovery?topic=discovery-watson-discovery-news) in one additional language: French (collection_id: news-fr).





 12 December 2019 

Full support for IBM Cloud IAM : Discovery now supports the full implementation of IBM Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM). API keys for Watson services are no longer limited to a single service instance. You can create access policies and API keys that apply to more than one service, and you can grant access between services. : To support this change, the API service endpoints use a different domain and include the service instance ID. The pattern is api.{location}.{offering}.watson.cloud.ibm.com/instances/{instance_id}.

Example URL for an instance hosted in the Dallas location: api.us-south.discovery.watson.cloud.ibm.com/instances/6bbda3b3-d572-45e1-8c54-22d6ed9e52c2

The previous public endpoint domain was watsonplatform.net.

For more information about the URLs, see the [API reference](/apidocs/discovery/discoveryservice-endpoint){: external}.

These URLs do not introduce a breaking change. The new URLs work both for your existing service instances and for new instances. The original URLs continue to work on your existing service instances for at least one year (until December 2020). For more information about IAM, see [Authenticating to Watson services](/docs/watson?topic=watson-iam).

New network and data security features : Support for data encryption with customer-managed keys - Users of new premium and dedicated instances can integrate IBM® Key Protect for IBM Cloud® with Discovery to encrypt their data and manage encryption keys. For more information, see [Protecting sensitive information in your Watson service](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/discovery?topic=watson-keyservice).
However, you can create up to 9 clients. Note that running with 9 clients can causes issues, specifically when you delete and create a new client. If you do not allow time for the client that you deleted to be completely removed, your new client can fail. 
 Client requirements See [Requirements to run the Client](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/SecureGateway?topic=SecureGateway-client-requirements). <br><br>1. Host type: Most container hosts can run the client container image, including the Docker Community Edition.<br>2. Ports: Port 443 only<br><br><br> 
 Encryption (TLS support) TLS version supported is 1.2. Protocols supported are UDP, TCP, HTTP, and HTTPS. No UDP support. 
 Authentication Mutual authentication is supported. Provided by the target and can be configured with mutual authentication on the Satellite Connector parts. 
 Load balancing and high availability Can connect multiple instances of the Secure Gateway Service client to your gateway to automatically use built-in connection load balancing and connection fail-over if a client instance goes down. Requires you to manually create more Docker containers. Must have 3 to ensure high availability.
religion and spirituality christianity protestantism 
 religion and spirituality christianity 
 religion and spirituality hinduism 
 religion and spirituality islam islamic fundamentalism 
 religion and spirituality islam 
 religion and spirituality judaism 
 religion and spirituality 
 science biology biotechnology 
 science biology botany 
 science biology breeding 
 science biology cytology 
 science biology marine biology 
 science biology molecular biology 
 science biology zoology endangered species 
 science biology zoology entomology 
 science biology zoology ornithology 
 science biology zoology 
 science biology 
 science chemistry organic chemistry 
 science chemistry 
 science computer science artificial intelligence 
 science computer science cryptography 
 science computer science distributed systems 
 science computer science information science 
 science computer science software engineering 
 science computer science 
 science ecology environmental disaster 
 science ecology pollution 
 science ecology waste management recycling 
 science ecology waste management waste disposal 
 science ecology 
 science engineering 
 science geography cartography 
 science geography topography 
 science geography 
 science geology mineralogy 
 science geology seismology earthquakes 
 science geology volcanology volcanic eruptions 
 science geology 
 science mathematics algebra 
 science mathematics arithmetic 
 science mathematics geometry 
 science mathematics statistics 
 science mathematics 
 science medicine cardiology 
 science medicine dermatology 
 science medicine embryology 
 science medicine genetics 
 science medicine immunology 
 science medicine medical research 
 science medicine oncology 
 science medicine orthopedics 
 science medicine pediatrics 
 science medicine pharmacology 
 science medicine physiology 
 science medicine psychology and psychiatry psychoanalysis 
 science medicine psychology and psychiatry 
 science medicine surgery cosmetic surgery 
 science medicine surgery transplants 
 science medicine surgery 
 science medicine veterinary medicine 
 science medicine 
 science physics atomic physics 
 science physics astrophysics 
 science physics electromagnetism 
 science physics hydraulics 
 science physics nanotechnology 
 science physics optics 
 science physics space and astronomy 
 science physics thermodynamics 
 science physics 
 science social science anthropology 
 science social science history ancient history 
 science social science history archaeology 
 science social science history genealogy 
 science social science history heraldry 
 science social science history medieval history 
 science social science history modern history 
 science social science history prehistory 
 science social science history 
 science social science linguistics translation
(https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6854669) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Florence, Italy (May 2014): pp. 5572-5576.
20. Suzuki, Masayuki, Nobuyasu Itoh, Tohru Nagano, Gakuto Kurata, and Samuel Thomas. [Improvements to N-gram Language Model Using Text Generated from Neural Language Model.](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8683481) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (May 2019).
21. Thomas, Samuel, Masayuki Suzuki, Yinghui Huang, Gakuto Kurata, Zoltan Tuske, George Saon, Brian Kingsbury, and Michael Picheny. [English Broadcast News Speech Recognition by Humans and Machines.](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.13258.pdf) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (2019).
Fukuda, Takashi, Masayuki Suzuki, Gakuto Kurata, Samuel Thomas, Jia Cui, and Bhuvana Ramabhadran. [Efficient Knowledge Distillation from an Ensemble of Teachers.](https://www.isca-speech.org/archive_v0/Interspeech_2017/pdfs/0614.PDF) Proceedings of Interspeech 2017 (August 2017): pp. 3697-3701.
5. Graves, Alex. [Sequence Transduction with Recurrent Neural Networks.](https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.3711) International Conference of Machine Learning (ICML), Workshop on Representation Learning (November 2012).
6. Hinton, Geoffrey, Li Deng, Dong Yu, George E. Dahl, Abdel-rahman Mohamed, Navdeep Jaitly, Andrew Senior, Vincent Vanhoucke, Patrick Nguyen, Tara N. Sainath, and Brian Kingsbury. [Deep Neural Networks for Acoustic Modeling in Speech Recognition: The Shared Views of Four Research Groups.](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6296526) Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, Vol. 29(6) (November 2012): pp. 82-97.
7. Jelinek, Frederick. [The Development of an Experimental Discrete Dictation Recognizer.](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1457611) Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 73(11) (November 1985): pp. 1616-1624.
8. Kurata, Gakuto, Abhinav Sethy, Bhuvana Ramabhadran, and George Saon. [Empirical Exploration of Novel Architectures and Objectives for Language Models.](https://www.isca-speech.org/archive_v0/Interspeech_2017/pdfs/0723.PDF) Proceedings of Interspeech 2017 (August 2017): pp. 279-283.
9.
'E' ẽ<br><br>ɛ̃ 0065+0303<br><br>025B+0303 fin, plein, faim 
 'o' õ<br><br>ɔ̃ 006F+0303<br><br>0254+0303 bon, pont, mon 
 'oe' œ̃ 0153+0303 un, aucun 







 Consonants 



Table 2. Consonants (Canadian French)

 SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode Example words 

 b b 0062 bébé, balle, robe 
 d d 0064 dort, dolmen 
 D dz<br><br>ʣ 0064+007A<br><br>02A3 duque, dire 
 f f 0066 chef, faim, phare 
 g g<br><br>ɡ 0067<br><br>0261 guerre, bague, garer 
 H ɥ 0265 suis, lui 
 j j<br><br>ʎ 006A<br><br>028E hiérarchie, paille, yoga 
 k k 006B kilo, caler, quai 
 l l 006C litre, illisible, pâle 
 m m 006D maman, femme, miser 
 n n 006E Anne, ni, maniaque 
 'ng' ŋ 014B parking, camping 
 'nj' ɲ 0272 agneau, campagne 
 p p 0070 porte, prêt, guêpe 
 r r<br><br>ɹ<br><br>ʀ<br><br>ʁ 0072<br><br>0279<br><br>0280<br><br>0281 parer, rare, carreau 
 s s 0073 sans, ambition, façon 
 S ʃ 0283 cheval, lâche, schéma 
 t t 0074 ton, patte, théâtre 
 T ts<br><br>ʦ 0074+0073<br><br>02A6 petit, tuque 
 v v 0076 laver, wagon, visiter
Canada,
Cocos (Keeling) Islands,
Congo, Democratic Republic of the,
Central African Republic,
Congo,
Switzerland,
Cote d'Ivoire,
Cook Islands,
Chile,
Cameroon,
China,
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Cuba,
Cape Verde,
Curacao,
Christmas Island,
Cyprus,
Czech Republic,
Germany,
Djibouti,
Denmark,
Dominica,
Dominican Republic,
Algeria,
Ecuador,
Estonia,
Egypt,
Western Sahara,
Eritrea,
Spain,
Ethiopia,
Europe (generic),
Finland,
Fiji,
Falkland Islands (Malvinas),
Micronesia, Federated States of,
Faroe Islands,
France,
Gabon,
United Kingdom,
Grenada,
Georgia,
French Guiana,
Ghana,
Gibraltar,
Guernsey,
Greenland,
Gambia,
Guinea,
Guadeloupe,
Equatorial Guinea,
Greece,
South Georgia/South Sandwich Isl.,
Guatemala,
Guam,
Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana,
Hong Kong S.A.R. of China (PRC),
Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands,
Honduras,
Croatia,
Haiti,
Hungary,
Indonesia,
Ireland,
Israel,
Isle of Man,
India,
British Indian Ocean Territory,
Iraq,
Iran,
Iceland,
Italy,
Jersey,
Jamaica,
Jordan,
Japan,
Kenya,
Kyrgyzstan,
Cambodia,
Kiribati,
Comoros,
Saint Kitts and Nevis,
North Korea,
South Korea,
Kuwait,
Cayman Islands,
Kazakhstan,
Laos,
Lebanon,
Saint Lucia,
Liechtenstein,
Sri Lanka,
Liberia,
Lesotho,
Lithuania,
Luxembourg,
Latvia,
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,
Morocco,
Monaco,
Rosh Hashana (New Year) roshhashana 
 Rosh Hashana II (New Year day 2) roshhashanaii 
 Erev Yom Kippur erevyomkippur 
 Yom Kippur yomkippur 
 Erev Sukkot erevsukkot 
 Sukkot I sukkoti 
 Sukkot II sukkotii 
 Sukkot III sukkotiii 
 Sukkot IV sukkotiv 
 Sukkot V sukkotv 
 Sukkot VI sukkotvi 
 Sukkot VII/Hoshanah Rabah sukkotvii 
 Shmini Atzeret/Simchat Torah shminiatzeret 
 Yom HaAliyah School Observance yomhaaliyahschoolobservance 
 Hanukkah I (Holiday of lights) hanukkahi 
 Hanukkah II hanukkahii 
 Hanukkah III hanukkahiii 
 Hanukkah IV hanukkahiv 
 Hanukkah V hanukkahv 
 Hanukkah VI/Rosh Chodesh Tevet hanukkahvi 
 Hanukkah VII hanukkahvii 
 Hanukkah VIII hanukkahviii 







 Holidays (zh-cn) 



Simplified Chinese holidays

 Holiday name String to use to check for a festival match 

 New Year's Day newyearsday 
 New Year's Weekend newyearsweekend 
 Double Seventh Festival doubleseventhfestival 
 Double Ninth Festival doubleninthfestival 
 Laba Festival labafestival 
 Ching Ming Festival chingmingfestival 
 Longtaitou Festival longtaitoufestival 
 Spring Festival Eve springfestivaleve 
 Chinese New Year Eve chinesenewyeareve 
 Chinese New Year chinesenewyear 
 Lantern Festival lanternfestival 
 Zhonghe Festival zhonghefestival 
 christmas christmas 
 Labor Day laborday 
 Valentine valentine 
 easter sunday easter 
 Dragon Boat Festival dragonboatfestival 
 Mid-Autumn Festival midautumnfestival 
 National Day nationalday 







 Holidays (zh-tw) 



Traditional Chinese holidays
Language Translator 

The installable IBM Watson® Language Translator package translates text from one language to another. The service offers multiple IBM provided translation models that you can customize based on your unique terminology and language.

The Watson packages are deprecated. Please use the [Watson SDKs](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/watson?topic=watson-using-sdks) to perform Watson related functionality. For more information about which Watson SDK is included in the available runtimes, see the [Functions runtime](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/openwhisk?topic=openwhisk-runtimes) documentation.

The Language Translator package contains the following entities. You can find more details in the Language Translator API reference by clicking the entity name.



Table 1. Language translator

 Entity Type Parameters Description 

 language-translator-v3 Package username, password, iam_access_token, iam_apikey, iam_url, headers, headers[X-Watson-Learning-Opt-Out], url Work with the Language Translator service. 
 translate Action username, password, iam_access_token, iam_apikey, iam_url, headers, headers[X-Watson-Learning-Opt-Out], url, text, model_id, source, target Translate text. 
 identify Action username, password, iam_access_token, iam_apikey, iam_url, headers, headers[X-Watson-Learning-Opt-Out], url, text Identify the language of text. 
 list-identifiable-languages Action username, password, iam_access_token, iam_apikey, iam_url, headers, headers[X-Watson-Learning-Opt-Out], url List identifiable languages. 
 create-model Action username, password, iam_access_token, iam_apikey, iam_url, headers, headers[X-Watson-Learning-Opt-Out], url, base_model_id, name, forced_glossary, parallel_corpus Create a model.
Erev Tisha B'Av erevtishabav 
 Tisha B'Av tishabav 
 Erev Rosh Hashana erevroshhashana 
 Rosh Hashana (New Year) roshhashana 
 Rosh Hashana II (New Year day 2) roshhashanaii 
 Erev Yom Kippur erevyomkippur 
 Yom Kippur yomkippur 
 Erev Sukkot erevsukkot 
 Sukkot I sukkoti 
 Sukkot II sukkotii 
 Sukkot III sukkotiii 
 Sukkot IV sukkotiv 
 Sukkot V sukkotv 
 Sukkot VI sukkotvi 
 Sukkot VII/Hoshanah Rabah sukkotvii 
 Shmini Atzeret/Simchat Torah shminiatzeret 
 Yom HaAliyah School Observance yomhaaliyahschoolobservance 
 Hanukkah I (Holiday of lights) hanukkahi 
 Hanukkah II hanukkahii 
 Hanukkah III hanukkahiii 
 Hanukkah IV hanukkahiv 
 Hanukkah V hanukkahv 
 Hanukkah VI/Rosh Chodesh Tevet hanukkahvi 
 Hanukkah VII hanukkahvii 
 Hanukkah VIII hanukkahviii 







 Holidays (zh-cn) 



Simplified Chinese holidays

 Holiday name String to use to check for a festival match 

 New Year's Day newyearsday 
 New Year's Weekend newyearsweekend 
 Double Seventh Festival doubleseventhfestival 
 Double Ninth Festival doubleninthfestival 
 Laba Festival labafestival 
 Ching Ming Festival chingmingfestival 
 Longtaitou Festival longtaitoufestival 
 Spring Festival Eve springfestivaleve 
 Chinese New Year Eve chinesenewyeareve 
 Chinese New Year chinesenewyear 
 Lantern Festival lanternfestival 
 Zhonghe Festival zhonghefestival 
 christmas christmas 
 Labor Day laborday 
 Valentine valentine 
 easter sunday easter
You can display the decoded certificate for your deployment with the CLI plug-in with the command ibmcloud cdb deployment-cacert "your-service-name". It decodes the base64 into text. Copy and save the command's output to a file and provide the file's path to the driver.







 Other Drivers 

PostgreSQL has a vast array of language drivers. The table covers a few of the most common.



Table 2. PostgreSQL drivers

 Language Driver Examples 

 PHP pgsql [Link](http://php.net/manual/en/pgsql.examples-basic.php) 
 Ruby ruby-pg [Link](https://github.com/ged/ruby-pg) 
 Ruby on Rails Rails [Rails Guide](http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.htmlconfiguring-a-postgresql-database) 
 C# ODBC [Link](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Using_Microsoft_.NET_with_the_PostgreSQL_Database_Server_via_ODBC) 
 Go pq [Link](https://godoc.org/github.com/lib/pq) 
 Node node-postgres [Link](https://node-postgres.com/)
(https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8683706) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (May 2019).
16. Saon, George, Gakuto Kurata, Tom Sercu, Kartik Audhkhasi, Samuel Thomas, Dimitrios Dimitriadis, Xiaodong Cui, Bhuvana Ramabhadran, Michael Picheny, Lynn-Li Lim, Bergul Roomi, and Phil Hall. [English Conversational Telephone Speech Recognition by Humans and Machines.](https://www.isca-speech.org/archive_v0/Interspeech_2017/pdfs/0405.PDF) Proceedings of Interspeech 2017 (August 2017): pp. 132-136.
17. Saon, George, Tom Sercu, Steven Rennie, and Hong-Kwang J. Kuo. [The IBM 2016 English Conversational Telephone Speech Recognition System.](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.08242v1.pdf) Submitted to Interspeech 2016 (2016).
18. Saon, George, Hong-Kwang J. Kuo, Steven Rennie, and Michael Picheny. [The IBM 2015 English Conversational Telephone Speech Recognition System.](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.05899.pdf) Submitted to Interspeech 2015 (2015).
19. Soltau, Hagen, George Saon, and Tara N. Sainath. [Joint Training of Convolutional and Non-Convolutional Neural Networks.](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6854669) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Florence, Italy (May 2014): pp. 5572-5576.
20. Suzuki, Masayuki, Nobuyasu Itoh, Tohru Nagano, Gakuto Kurata, and Samuel Thomas. [Improvements to N-gram Language Model Using Text Generated from Neural Language Model.]
* Converts numbers to their equivalent words.



Table 1. Examples of number conversion

 Language Whole number Decimal number 

 Dutch 500 becomes vijfhonderd 0,15 becomes nul komma vijftien 
 English 500 becomes five hundred 0.15 becomes zero point fifteen 
 French 500 becomes cinq cents 0,15 becomes zéro virgule quinze 
 German 500 becomes fünfhundert 0,15 becomes null punkt fünfzehn 
 Italian 500 becomes cinquecento 0,15 becomes zero virgola quindici 
 Portuguese 500 becomes quinhentos 0,15 becomes zero ponto quinze 
 Spanish 500 becomes quinientos 0,15 becomes cero coma quince 



* Converts tokens that include certain symbols to meaningful string representations. These examples are not exhaustive. The service makes similar adjustments for other characters as needed.



Table 2. Examples of symbol conversion

 Language A dollar sign and a number A euro sign and a number A percent sign and a number 

 Dutch $100 becomes honderd dollar €100 becomes honderd euro 100% becomes honderd procent 
 English $100 becomes one hundred dollars €100 becomes one hundred euros 100% becomes one hundred percent 
 French $100 becomes cent dollars €100 becomes cent euros 100% becomes cent pour cent 
 German $100 and 100$ become einhundert dollar €100 and 100€ become einhundert euro 100% becomes einhundert prozent 
 Italian $100 becomes cento dollari €100 becomes cento euro 100% becomes cento per cento 
 Portuguese $100 and 100$ become cem dólares €100 and 100€ become cem euros 100% becomes cem por cento 
 Spanish $100 and 100$ become cien dólares €100 and 100€ become cien euros 100% becomes cien por ciento 



* Processes non-alphanumeric, punctuation, and special characters depending on their context. For example, the service removes a $ (dollar sign) or € (euro symbol) unless it is followed by a number. Processing is context-dependent and consistent across the supported languages.
PostgreSQL has a vast array of language drivers that can also be used to connect to a IBM Cloud® Databases for EnterpriseDB deployment. The table covers a few of the most common.



Table 2. PostgreSQL drivers

 Language Driver Examples 

 PHP pgsql [Link](http://php.net/manual/en/pgsql.examples-basic.php) 
 Ruby ruby-pg [Link](https://github.com/ged/ruby-pg) 
 Ruby on Rails Rails [Rails Guide](http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.htmlconfiguring-a-postgresql-database) 
 C# ODBC [Link](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Using_Microsoft_.NET_with_the_PostgreSQL_Database_Server_via_ODBC) 
 Go pq [Link](https://godoc.org/github.com/lib/pq) 
 Node node-postgres [Link](https://node-postgres.com/) 
 JDBC EDB Postgres JDBC Connector [JDBC Guide]([https://www.enterprisedb.com/edb-docs/d/jdbc-connector/user-guides/jdbc-guide/42.2.8.1/](https://www.enterprisedb.com/edb-docs/d/jdbc-connector/user-guides/jdbc-guide/42.2.8.1/) using_the_advanced_server_jdbc_connector_with_java_applications.html)
In general, in cases where you can indicate a valid preference for a syllable boundary or other aspect of a word's pronunciation, the service honors such requests.





 Syllable stress 

Table 1 identifies the symbols that you can use to indicate syllable stress for a pronunciation. IBM recommends that you indicate primary stress for pronunciations in either SPR or IPA. However, indicating syllable stress is optional for both formats; the service determines where stress occurs if you do not indicate it.



Table 1. Syllable stress

 Stress SPR symbol IPA symbol IPA Unicode 

 Primary stress 1 ˈ 02C8 
 Secondary stress 2 ˌ 02CC 
 No stress 0 No symbol No value 



You must place a syllable stress marker within a syllable boundary but always to the left of the syllable's vowel. You can place a marker anywhere to the left of the stressed vowel. For example, each of the following SPR examples places the primary stress (1) on the correct vowel of the word construction:

<phoneme alphabet="ibm" ph="kXn1strHkSXn">construction</phoneme>
<phoneme alphabet="ibm" ph="kXns1trHkSXn">construction</phoneme>
<phoneme alphabet="ibm" ph="kXnst1rHkSXn">construction</phoneme>
<phoneme alphabet="ibm" ph="kXnstr1HkSXn">construction</phoneme>





 Language-specific rules for using syllable stress 

Table 2 lists language-specific considerations that apply to specifying syllable stress. Unless the table qualifies the rules for a language, you can use the syllable stress symbols described in the previous section.



Table 2. Language-specific rules for using syllable stress

 Language Notation Language-specific rules 

 French and <br>Canadian French SPR All syllable stress symbols are honored. But syllable stress must immediately precede the vowel of the syllable. Syllable stress for French is much stricter than for other languages. An error occurs if you place the stress symbol in an invalid location. 
 French and <br>Canadian French IPA All syllable stress symbols are ignored. 
 Italian SPR and IPA You can specify only 1 (primary stress).