vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Red fox
Red foxes may kill small mustelids like weasels , stone martens , pine martens , stoats , kolonoks , polecats and young sables . Eurasian badgers may live alongside red foxes in isolated sections of large burrows . It is possible that the two species tolerate each other out of mutualism ; foxes provide badgers with food scraps , while badgers maintain the shared burrow 's cleanliness . However , cases are known of badgers driving vixens from their dens and destroying their litters without eating them . Wolverines may kill red foxes , often while the latter are sleeping or near carrion . Foxes in turn may kill unattended young wolverines .
Sleep
Process S is driven by the depletion of glycogen and accumulation of adenosine in the forebrain that disinhibits the Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus , allowing for inhibition of the ascending reticular activating system .
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire reached its largest size under the Laye Keita mansas . Al - Umari , who wrote down a description of Mali based on information given to him by Abu Sa'id ' Otman ed Dukkali ( who had lived 35 years in Niani ) , reported the realm as being square and an eight - month journey from its coast at Tura ( at the mouth of the Senegal River ) to Muli ( also known as Tuhfat ) . Umari also describes the empire as being south of Marrakesh and almost entirely inhabited except for few places . Mali 's domain also extended into the desert . He describes it as being north of Mali but under its domination implying some sort of vassalage for the Antasar , Yantar'ras , Medussa and Lemtuna Berber tribes . The empire 's total area included nearly all the land between the Sahara Desert and coastal forests . It spanned the modern - day countries of Senegal , southern Mauritania , Mali , northern Burkina Faso , western Niger , the Gambia , Guinea - Bissau , Guinea , the Ivory Coast and northern Ghana . By 1350 , the empire covered approximately 439,400 square miles ( 1,138,000 km ) . The empire also reached its highest population during the Laye period ruling over 400 cities , towns and villages of various religions and elasticities . During this period only the Mongol Empire was larger .
Brown bear
Many Native American tribes both respect and fear the brown bear . In Kwakiutl mythology , black and brown bears became enemies when Grizzly Bear Woman killed Black Bear Woman for being lazy . Black Bear Woman 's children , in turn , killed Grizzly Bear Woman 's own cubs . Sleeping Bear Dunes is named after a Native American legend , where a female bear and her cub swam across Lake Michigan . Exhausted from their journey , the bears rested on the shoreline and fell sound asleep . Over the years , the sand covered them up , creating a huge sand dune .
Nun River
Upon emerging from its parent river , Niger , the Nun River flows for almost 160 kilometres ( 100 mi ) south to the Gulf of Guinea at Akassa . Its course runs mainly through thinly settled areas and swamps .
Sleep
Sleep researchers Saper and Stickgold point out that an essential part of memory and learning consists of nerve cell dendrites ' sending of information to the cell body to be organized into new neuronal connections . This process demands that no external information is presented to these dendrites , and it is suggested that this may be why it is during sleep that memories and knowledge are solidified and organized . Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli have focused on the process of forgetting by pruning weaker connections during sleep , to select important memories and enable future memory encoding . They further suggest that synaptic potentiation drives Process S ( homeostatic need for sleep ) .
Lord of the Flies (1990 film)
After Piggy 's glasses are stolen by Jack 's savages that night so they could make fire , Piggy and Ralph travel to Jack 's camp at Castle Rock , attempting to call a meeting using the conch . Piggy insists that everyone be sensible and work together , but Jack 's savages refuse to listen . As Piggy speaks , Roger pushes a boulder off a cliff which lands on and kills Piggy . Ralph swears revenge on Jack , and Jack takes it as a threat . With his hunters , Jack drives Ralph away by throwing rocks at him . Later that night , Ralph secretly returns to Castle Rock to visit Sam and Eric , who warn him that the hunters will chase after Ralph on Jack 's orders to protect himself from Ralph .
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
Indonesia lies between the Pacific Ring of Fire along the north - eastern islands adjacent to New Guinea , and the Alpide belt that runs along the south and west from Sumatra , Java , Bali , Flores to Timor .
Wedding cake
There are also myths that most bridesmaids have on dreaming their future husbands . Hopeful bridesmaids would take a piece of cake home and place it under the pillow . Some bridesmaids would sleep with the pieces of cake in their left stocking and the rest are under their pillows after passing the pieces of cake through the bride 's wedding ring .
Sleep
By the time infants reach the age of two , their brain size has reached 90 percent of an adult - sized brain ; a majority of this brain growth has occurred during the period of life with the highest rate of sleep . The hours that children spend asleep influence their ability to perform on cognitive tasks . Children who sleep through the night and have few night waking episodes have higher cognitive attainments and easier temperaments than other children .
Sleep
Generally speaking , the longer an organism is awake , the more it feels a need to sleep ( `` sleep debt '' ) . This driver of sleep is referred to as Process S . The balance between sleeping and waking is regulated by a process called homeostasis . Induced or perceived lack of sleep is commonly called sleep deprivation .
Rapid eye movement sleep
The REM phase is also known as paradoxical sleep ( PS ) and sometimes desynchronized sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states , including rapid , low - voltage desynchronized brain waves . Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem and is characterized most notably by an abundance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine , combined with a nearly complete absence of monoamine neurotransmitters histamine , serotonin , and norepinephrine .
Dow Jones Industrial Average
The Dow 's bullish behavior began to stall during the 1960s as the U.S. became entangled with foreign political issues . U.S. military excursions included the Bay of Pigs Invasion involving Cuba , the Vietnam War , the Portuguese Colonial War , the Colombian civil war which the U.S. assisted with short - lived counter-guerrilla campaigns , as well as domestic issues such as the Civil Rights Movement and several influential political assassinations . For the decade though , and despite a mild recession between 1960 and 1961 , the average still managed a respectable 30 % gain from the 616 level to 800 .
Mauna Kea
There are over 3,000 registered hunters on Hawaii island , and hunting , for both recreation and sustenance , is a common activity on Mauna Kea . A public hunting program is used to control the numbers of introduced animals including pigs , sheep , goats , turkey , pheasants , and quail . The Mauna Kea State Recreation Area functions as a base camp for the sport . Birdwatching is also common at lower levels on the mountain . A popular site is Kīpuka Pu'u Huluhulu , a kīpuka on Mauna Kea 's flank that formed when lava flows isolated the forest on a hill .
Charlotte's Web
After her father spares the life of a piglet from culling it as runt of the litter , a little girl named Fern Arable nurtures the piglet lovingly , naming him Wilbur . On greater maturity , Wilbur is sold to Fern 's uncle , Homer Zuckerman , in whose barnyard he is left yearning for companionship but is snubbed by other barn animals , until befriended by a barn spider named Charlotte , living on a web overlooking Wilbur 's enclosure . Upon Wilbur 's discovery that he is intended for slaughter , she promises to hatch a plan guaranteed to spare his life . Accordingly , she secretly weaves praise of him into her web , attracting publicity among Zuckerman 's neighbors who attribute the praise to divine intervention . As time passes , more inscriptions appear on Charlotte 's webs , increasing his renown . Therefore , Wilbur is entered in the county fair , accompanied by Charlotte and the rat Templeton , whom she employs in gathering inspiration for her messages . There , Charlotte spins an egg sac containing her 514 unborn children , and Wilbur , despite winning no prizes , is later celebrated by the fair 's staff and visitors ( thus made too prestigious alive to justify killing him ) . Exhausted apparently by laying eggs , Charlotte remains at the fair and dies shortly following Wilbur 's departure . Having returned to Zuckerman 's farm , Wilbur guards Charlotte 's egg sac and is saddened further when the new spiders depart shortly after hatching . The three smallest remain , however , and take up residence in the doorway where Charlotte used to live . Pleased at finding new friends , Wilbur names one of them Nellie , while the remaining two name themselves Joy and Aranea . The book then concludes by mentioning that more generations of spiders kept him company in subsequent years .
List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters
A Woozle is a weasel - like monster imagined by the characters in the third and ninth chapters of Winnie - the - Pooh . No Woozles actually appear in A.A. Milne 's original stories , but the book depicts them as living in cold , snowy places . They are first mentioned when Pooh and Piglet attempt to capture one , which they assume made the tracks in the snow going around a larch spinney . The more they follow them , the more sets of tracks they find , but Christopher Robin shows them that the tracks around the spinney are their own .
Bald eagle
When competing for food , eagles will usually dominate other fish - eaters and scavengers , aggressively displacing mammals such as coyotes ( Canis latrans ) and foxes , and birds such as corvids , gulls , vultures and other raptors . Occasionally , coyotes , bobcats ( Lynx rufus ) and domestic dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ) can displace eagles from carrion , usually less confident immature birds , as has been recorded in Maine . Bald eagles are less active , bold predators than golden eagles and get relatively more of their food as carrion and from kleptoparasitism ( although it is now generally thought that golden eagles eat more carrion than was previously assumed ) . However , the two species are roughly equal in size , aggressiveness and physical strength and so competitions can go either way . Neither species is known to be dominant , and the outcome depends on the size and disposition of the individual eagles involved . The bald eagle is thought to be much more numerous in North America than the golden eagle , with the bald species estimated to number at least 150,000 individuals , about twice as many golden eagles there are estimated to live in North America . Due to this , bald eagles often outnumber golden eagles at attractive food sources . Despite the potential for contention between these animals , in New Jersey during winter , a golden eagle and numerous bald eagles were observed to hunt snow geese alongside each other without conflict . Similarly , both eagle species have been recorded , via video - monitoring , to feed on gut pills and carcasses of white - tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) in remote forest clearings in the eastern Appalachian Mountains without apparent conflict . Many bald eagles are habitual kleptoparasites , especially in winters when fish are harder to come by . They have been recorded stealing fish from other predators such as ospreys , herons and even otters . They have also been recorded opportunistically pirating birds from peregrine falcons ( Falco peregrinus ) , prairie dogs from ferruginous hawks ( Buteo regalis ) and even jackrabbits from golden eagles . When they approach scavengers like dogs , gulls or vultures at carrion sites , they often aggressively attack them and try to force them to disgorge their food . Healthy adult bald eagles are not preyed on in the wild and are thus considered apex predators .
History of West Africa
The conflict sparked a civil war . Many soldiers in the armed forces of Guinea - Bissau joined the side of the rebels . This was in part , due to the soldiers not being paid by the government . The rebels continued to fight from 1998 to 1999 . President Vieira was ousted on 7 May 1999 . By 10 May 1999 , the war ended when President Vieira signed an unconditional surrender in a Portuguese embassy .
World State in Brave New World
At the time of the novel , the entire planet is united as the World State , governed by ten World Controllers , headquartered in various key cities . Prospective World Controllers are recruited from social outcasts who display unconventional thoughts . A few isolated areas have been left as `` savage reservations '' , including parts of New Mexico , Samoa , and a small group of islands off the coast of New Guinea . Toward the end of the novel , a conversation between John and Western Europe 's World Controller , Mustapha Mond , reveals further details of the World State 's political geography . Mond explains that certain areas which have very few resources or languish in unpleasant climates are not `` civilised '' by the government , as it would be uneconomical . Subsequently , these areas are left as reservations , and local life continues -- albeit under constant surveillance by the World State . Small islands across the planet , such as the Falkland Islands , Iceland , and the Marquesas Islands , are reserved for citizens of the World State who do not wish to live in , or do not fit into the normal society .
French Polynesia
The legal tender of French Polynesia is the CFP Franc which has a fixed exchange rate with the Euro . The nominal gross domestic product ( or GDP ) of French Polynesia in 2014 was 5.623 billion US dollars at market local prices , the sixth - largest economy in Oceania after Australia , New Zealand , Hawaii , New Caledonia , and Papua New Guinea . The GDP per capita was $20,098 in 2014 ( at market exchange rates , not at PPP ) , lower than in Hawaii , Australia , New Zealand , and New Caledonia , but higher than all the independent insular states of Oceania . Both per capita and total figures were significantly lower than those recorded before the financial crisis of 2007 -- 08 .
Portuguese Mozambique
The Front for the Liberation of Mozambique ( FRELIMO ) , headquartered in Tanzania , initiated a guerrilla campaign against Portuguese rule in September 1964 . This conflict , along with the two others already initiated in the other Portuguese overseas territories of Angola and Portuguese Guinea , became part of the Portuguese Colonial War ( 1961 -- 74 ) . Several African territories under European rule had achieved independence in recent decades . Oliveira Salazar attempted to resist this tide and maintain the integrity of the Portuguese empire . By 1970 , the anti-guerrilla war in Africa was consuming an important part of the Portuguese budget and there was no sign of a final solution in sight . This year was marked by a large - scale military operation in northern Mozambique , the Gordian Knot Operation , which displaced the FRELIMO 's bases and destroyed much of the guerrillas ' military capacity . At a military level , a part of Guinea - Bissau was de facto independent since 1973 , but the capital and the major towns were still under Portuguese control . In Angola and Mozambique , independence movements were only active in a few remote countryside areas from where the Portuguese Army had retreated . However , their impending presence and the fact that they would n't go away dominated public anxiety . Throughout the war period Portugal faced increasing dissent , arms embargoes and other punitive sanctions imposed by most of the international community . For the Portuguese society the war was becoming even more unpopular due to its length and financial costs , the worsening of diplomatic relations with other United Nations members , and the role it had always played as a factor of perpetuation of the Estado Novo regime . It was this escalation that would lead directly to the mutiny of members of the FAP in the Carnation Revolution in 1974 -- an event that would lead to the independence of the former Portuguese colonies in Africa . A leftist military coup in Lisbon on 24 April 1974 by the Movimento das Forças Armadas ( MFA ) , overthrew the Estado Novo regime headed by Prime Minister Marcelo Caetano .
Great Barrier Reef
Another key threat faced by the Great Barrier Reef is pollution and declining water quality . The rivers of north eastern Australia pollute the Reef during tropical flood events . Over 90 % of this pollution comes from farm runoff. 80 % of the land adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef is used for farming including intensive cropping of sugar cane , and major beef cattle grazing . Farming practices damage the reef due to overgrazing , increased run - off of agricultural sediments , nutrients and chemicals including fertilisers , herbicides and pesticides representing a major health risk for the coral and biodiversity of the reefs . Sediments containing high levels of copper and other heavy metals sourced from the Ok Tedi Mine in Papua New Guinea are a potential pollution risk for the far northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait regions .
Ash Wednesday
The Anglican ritual , used in Papua New Guinea states that , after the blessing of the ashes , `` the priest marks his own forehead and then the foreheads of the servers and congregation who come and kneel , or stand , where they normally receive the Blessed Sacrament . '' The corresponding Catholic ritual in the Roman Missal for celebration within Mass merely states : `` Then the Priest places ashes on the head of those present who come to him , and says to each one ... '' Pre-1970 editions had much more elaborate instructions about the order in which the participants were to receive the ashes , but again without any indication of the form of placing the ashes on the head . The 1969 revision of the Roman Rite inserted into the Mass the solemn ceremony of blessing ashes and placing them on heads , but also explicitly envisaged a similar solemn ceremony outside of Mass . The Book of Blessings contains a simple rite . While the solemn rite would normally be carried out within a church building , the simple rite could appropriately be used almost anywhere . While only a priest or deacon may bless the ashes , laypeople may do the placing of the ashes on a person 's head . Even in the solemn rite , lay men or women may assist the priest in distributing the ashes . In addition , laypeople take blessed ashes left over after the collective ceremony and place them on the head of the sick or of others who are unable to attend the blessing . ( In 2014 , Anglican Liverpool Cathedral likewise offered to impose ashes within the church without a solemn ceremony . )
Italian Australians
In 1881 , over 200 foreign immigrants , of whom a considerable number were Italians from Northern Italy , arrived in Sydney . They were the survivors from Marquis de Ray 's ill - fated attempt at founding a colony , Nouvelle France , in New Ireland , which later became part of Germany 's New Guinea Protectorate . Many of them took up a conditional purchase farm of 16 hectares ( 40 acres ) near Woodburn in the Northern Rivers District at what was subsequently known as New Italy . By the mid-1880s , about 50 holdings of an aggregate area of more than 1,200 hectares ( 3,000 acres ) were under occupation , and the Italian population of New Italy has increased to 250 . In this respect , Lyng reports : `` The land was very poor and heavily timbered and had been passed over by local settlers . However , the Italians set to work and by great industry and thrift succeeded in clearing some of the land and making it productive ... ( ... ) ... Besides , working on their own properties the settlers were engaged in the sugar industry , in timber squaring , grass seed gathering , and other miscellaneous work '' .
Zootopia
'' Katie Lowes as Dr. Madge Honey Badger , a honey badger who helps Mayor Lionheart find the source of the `` savaged animals '' . Gita Reddy as Nangi , an Indian elephant who works as a yoga instructor at Mystic Springs Oasis . Jesse Corti as Manchas , a black jaguar from Zootopia 's Rainforest District who is a chauffeur for Zootopia 's biggest limo company and is the personal chauffeur to Mr. Big . Tom Lister Jr. as Finnick , a fennec fox who is Nick 's partner in crime . Josh Dallas as an unnamed frantic domestic pig who is the owner of the `` Flora and Fauna '' flower shop that is robbed by Duke Weaselton and frantically asks Judy for help . He later appears as a protestor at Gazelle 's peace rally arguing with a female leopard . Leah Latham as Fru Fru , the daughter of Mr. Big who disapproves of her father doing his criminal business during her wedding . She befriends Judy after Judy saves her from a runaway doughnut shop sign in Little Rodentia and later names her unborn child after her . Rich Moore as Doug , an emotionless ram chemist and sniper with puffy wool who works for Assistant Mayor Bellwether . Moore also voices a gray wolf that is a security guard at Cliffside Asylum . Peter Mansbridge as Peter Moosebridge , a moose co-anchor of the ZNN News . The moose is used in the standard version of the film , released in the United States , Italy , France , Canada , Russia , and Mexico . In the UK version , the moose is named as Moosos Alexander , voiced by radio journalist Vassos Alexander ( though the UK home release used his US name and voice ) . In other countries , the anchor is a different animal voiced by a different person . David Campbell voices a koala newscaster named David Koalabell in the Australian and New Zealand versions . The Brazilian version uses a jaguar named Boi Chá who is voiced by Ricardo Boechat . The Japanese version uses a tanuki named Michael Tanuyama who is voiced by Kazumasa Kōra . The Chinese version uses an unnamed giant panda who is also voiced by Mansbridge .
Southern Ocean
European geographers continued to connect the coast of Tierra del Fuego with the coast of New Guinea on their globes , and allowing their imaginations to run riot in the vast unknown spaces of the south Atlantic , south Indian and Pacific oceans they sketched the outlines of the Terra Australis Incognita ( `` Unknown Southern Land '' ) , a vast continent stretching in parts into the tropics . The search for this great south land was a leading motive of explorers in the 16th and the early part of the 17th centuries .
Environmental impact of mining
Erosion of exposed hillsides , mine dumps , tailings dams and resultant siltation of drainages , creeks and rivers can significantly impact the surrounding areas , a prime example being the giant Ok Tedi Mine in Papua New Guinea . In wilderness areas mining may cause destruction and disturbance of ecosystems and habitats , and in areas of farming it may disturb or destroy productive grazing and croplands . In urbanised environments mining may produce noise pollution , dust pollution and visual pollution .
History of West Africa
Before the civil war began , an attempted coup d'état took place led by military Brigadier General Ansumane Mané . Mané leading the coup , blamed the presidency of Joao Bernardo Vieira for the poverty and corruption of Guinea Bissau . President Vieira , controlling the armed forces , soon fired Mané from his position of Brigadier General . He was fired on charges of supplying Senegal rebels .