vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Yemen
Among the Saharo - Arabian species , these may be mentioned : Panicum turgidum , Aerva javanica , Zygophyllum simplex , Fagonia indica , Salsola spp. , Acacia tortilis , A. hamulos , A. ehrenbergiana , Phoenix dactylifera , Hyphaene thebaica , Capparis decidua , Salvadora persica , Balanites aegyptiaca , and many others . Many of the Saharo - Arabian species are endemic to the extensive sandy coastal plain ( the Tihamah ) .
Corynebacterium
Corynebacterium species occur commonly in nature in the soil , water , plants , and food products . The nondiphtheiroid Corynebacterium species can even be found in the mucosa and normal skin flora of humans and animals . Unusual habitats , such as the preen gland of birds have been recently reported for Corynebacterium uropygiale . Some species are known for their pathogenic effects in humans and other animals . Perhaps the most notable one is C. diphtheriae , which acquires the capacity to produce diphtheria toxin only after interacting with a bacteriophage . Other pathogenic species in humans include : C. amicolatum , C. striatum , C. jeikeium , C. urealyticum , and C. xerosis ; all of these are important as pathogens in immunosuppressed patients . Pathogenic species in other animals include C. bovis and C. renale . This genus has been found to be part of the human salivary microbiome .
Reactions to On the Origin of Species
There was no official comment from the Vatican for several decades , but in 1860 a council of the German Catholic bishops pronounced that the belief that `` man as regards his body , emerged finally from the spontaneous continuous change of imperfect nature to the more perfect , is clearly opposed to Sacred Scripture and to the Faith . '' This defined the range of official Catholic discussion of evolution , which has remained almost exclusively concerned with human evolution .
Lion
Early phylogenetic research was focused on lions from eastern and southern parts of Africa , and already showed that they can possibly be divided in two main clades : one to the west of the Great Rift Valley and the other to the east . Lions in eastern Kenya are genetically much closer to lions in Southern Africa than to lions in the Aberdare National Park in western Kenya .
Red-tailed hawk
hadropus , Mexican Highlands B. j. harlani ( Harlan 's red - tailed hawk , sometimes classified as its own species , B. harlani , Harlan 's hawk ) is markedly different from all other red - tails . In both color morphs , the plumage is blackish and white , lacking warm tones ( save the tail ) . The tail may be reddish , dusky , whitish , or gray and can be longitudinally streaked , mottled , or barred . Shorter primaries result in wingtips that do n't reach the tail in perched birds . It breeds in Alaska and northwestern Canada and winters from Nebraska and Kansas to Texas and northern Louisiana . This population may well be a separate species . B. j. kemsiesi is a dark subspecies resident from Chiapas to Nicaragua . The dark wing marking may not be distinct in paler birds . B. j. kriderii ( Krider 's red - tailed hawk ) is paler than other red - tails , especially on the head ; the tail may be pinkish or white . In the breeding season , it occurs from southern Alberta , southern Saskatchewan , southern Manitoba , and extreme western Ontario south to south - central Montana , Wyoming , western Nebraska , and western Minnesota . In winter , it occurs from South Dakota and southern Minnesota south to Arizona , New Mexico , Texas and Louisiana . B. j. socorroensis , Socorro Island , Mexico B. j. solitudinus , Bahamas and Cuba B. j. umbrinus occurs year - round in peninsular Florida north to Tampa Bay and the Kissimmee Prairie . It is similar in appearance to calurus
Reactions to On the Origin of Species
In June , Karl Marx saw the book as a `` bitter satire '' that showed `` a basis in natural science for class struggle in history '' , in which `` Darwin recognizes among beasts and plants his English society '' .
Super Why!
She also appeared in The Magic Porridge Pot , The Ghost Who Was Afraid of Halloween , Snow White , The Rolling Rice Cakes , George and the Dragon , The Ugly Duckling : Becoming a Swan , and The Comic Book : Attack of the Eraser . Little Miss Muffet -- A girl in a yellow dress and a white blouse with a yellow bow on her hair . Cinderella -- In the TV series , Cinderella has long brown hair and wears different dresses . She is one of the citizens of Storybrook Village and appears in some episodes . Ella -- Ella is a star girl who wears yellow . Her skirt shapes like a star and her hair matches her dress . Her only appearance is The Stars in the Sky . Odette -- Although , she is called the `` Swan Maiden '' , Odette dresses in white with white hair and pink ballet slippers with a matching flower on her head . Her only appearance is The Swan Maiden . Sleeping Beauty -- A princess who wears a blue dress . Thumbelina -- In this show , this girl has brown hair with high pigtails decorated in flowers and wears a red flowery dress . Clara Drosselmeyer -- One of the characters from the Nutcracker story . Clara wears a big pink bow on her head with a pink and green nightgown and pink ballet slippers . Rapunzel - Rapunzel is based on the German fairy tale , `` Rapunzel '' . Peter Piper -- Peter Piper is named after the children 's nursery rhyme Peter Piper . He first appeared in Hansel and Gretel . He also appeared in Humpty Dumpty , The Tortoise and the Hare , The Little Red Hen , Sleeping Beauty , The Comic Book : Attack of the Eraser , and The Beach Day Mystery . Momotarō -- Momotaro is a Japanese boy who was born from a peach fruit in a story called Momotarō the Peach Boy . He has three talkative animal friends which are Dog , Monkey , and Pheasant who fight and argue causing the ogre to roar . Owen -- A boy who works as a newspaper deliverer boy in the comic book called Attack of the Eraser . Little Boy Blue -- A boy who is close friends with Red .
When the Saints Go Marching In
Louis Armstrong and Danny Kaye performed a comedy duet version in the 1959 film The Five Pennies , naming composers and musicians who would play `` on the day that the saints go marching in '' . Woody Guthrie sang a song called `` When The Yanks Go Marching In '' in 1943 . Tony Sheridan made a successful Rock - And - Roll arrangement of the song , which he recorded with The Beatles in 1961 , significantly deviating some verses from the original lyrics . Abrasive Wheels , a hardcore band from Leeds , Great Britain , came out of the so - called ' UK82 ' Punk scene with a version called `` When the Punks Go Marching In '' off their first album of the same name , in 1982 . They replaced ' Saints ' with ' Punks ' , ' Skins ' , ' Pigs ' , and ' Wheels ' respectively , otherwise repeating the same verse four times . All other traditional lyrics remain intact , save in the third verse , which states : `` I want to be in that meat van ... when the pigs go marching in ! '' ( Leading to the culmination of `` Oh when the Wheels ... go marching in ... ( ... ) ... I want to be in that number , when the Wheels ! ... Go ! ... Mar ! ... Ching ! ... In ! '' for a self referential climax , complete with echoed call - and - response , ideal for live situation sing - a-longs . ) . In 1983 , Aaron Neville , along with New Orleans musicians Sal and Steve Monistere and Carlo Nuccio and a group of players for the New Orleans Saints American football team , recorded a popular version of the song incorporating the team 's `` Who Dat ? '' chant . French group Dionysos 's album La Mécanique du Cœur ( 2007 , The Mechanic of the Heart ) contains a version of this song , in collaboration with the French singer Arthur H .
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire flourished because of its trade above all else . It contained three immense gold mines within its borders unlike the Ghana Empire , which was only a transit point for gold . The empire taxed every ounce of gold , copper and salt that entered its borders . By the beginning of the 14th century , Mali was the source of almost half the Old World 's gold exported from mines in Bambuk , Boure and Galam . Gold mines in Boure , which is located in present - day Guinea , were discovered sometime near the end of 12th century
List of Ed, Edd n Eddy characters
Rolf ( Peter Kelamis ) is a quirky , odd , and usually happy immigrant of an undetermined origin and culture with odd customs ( which he displays frequently , and it often involves a wide variety of meat ) and has a thick accent to match . He works on his parents ' small farm within the cul - de-sac , and leads a scouting group called the `` Urban Rangers , '' which includes Jimmy , Plank , and Jonny . Rolf usually refers to himself in third person , as well as being the son of a shepherd , in which he takes pride . His faithful farm animals are three pigs ( one named Wilfred ) , a goat named Victor , at least six chickens ( two named Bridget and Gertrude ) , a cow named Beatrice , and five sheep . He appears to be friendly with the Eds ( whom he calls the `` Ed boys '' ) unless they make a fool out of him or offend him in some way , after which he is not afraid to use brute force . He seems to be very muscular , but this is usually only shown when he is angry . Rolf confuses the rest of the kids to no end with his unusual customs and food - making .
Piñata
The tradition arrived in Europe in the 14th century where it was associated with the Christian celebration of Lent ; in Spain , the first Sunday of Lent , `` Piñata Sunday '' , became a celebration known as the Dance of the Piñata . As the word 's Italian origin indicates , pignatta meaning `` earthenware cooking pot '' , the Spanish initially used a plain clay container , before starting to decorate it with ribbons , tinsel and colored paper . The origin of the Italian word is thought to be linked to the Latin word pinea , `` pine cone '' .
Babe (film)
When Babe was released in the USA , it is reported that `` activists around the country staked out movie theatres with flyers documenting the real life abuses of pigs '' . The film had a marked effect on the growth of vegetarianism , particularly among the young . It also promoted a more sympathetic view of the intellectual , emotional and social capacities of animals . James Cromwell became an ethical vegan as a result of starring as Farmer Hoggett , saying , `` I decided that to be able to talk about this ( movie ) with conviction , I needed to become a vegetarian . '' In 1996 he went on to organize a vegetarian dinner for the Los Angeles homeless at a `` Compassionate Christmas '' event in order to reverse the barnyard view that `` Christmas is carnage '' .
History of Vietnam
In 1784 , during the conflict between Nguyễn Ánh , the surviving heir of the Nguyễn lords , and the Tây Sơn dynasty , a French Roman Catholic prelate , Pigneaux de Behaine , sailed to France to seek military backing for Nguyễn Ánh . At Louis XVI 's court , Pigneaux brokered the Little Treaty of Versailles which promised French military aid in exchange for Vietnamese concessions . However , because of the French Revolution , Pigneaux 's plan failed to materialize . He went to the French territory of Pondichéry ( India ) , and secured two ships , a regiment of Indian troops , and a handful of volunteers and returned to Vietnam in 1788 . One of Pigneaux 's volunteers , Jean - Marie Dayot , reorganized Nguyễn Ánh 's navy along European lines and defeated the Tây Sơn at Qui Nhơn in 1792 . A few years later , Nguyễn Ánh 's forces captured Saigon , where Pigneaux died in 1799 . Another volunteer , Victor Olivier de Puymanel would later build the Gia Định fort in central Saigon .
Super Why!
Mrs. Beanstalk is Whyatt 's mother who is a noble author . She has orange hair tied up in ox - horns and appeared in some episodes . Mr. Beanstalk is Whyatt 's father who is a noble illustrator . He wears a beret and eyeglasses and has appeared in some episodes . Jack Beanstalk is Whyatt 's older brother who is a dark brown - haired , green - eyed , olive - skinned teenage boy . He 's also a musician who plays his guitar . He appears in some episodes . Joy Beanstalk is Whyatt 's baby sister and has appeared in some episodes . Ken Beanstalk is a character Jack got replaced with after he left for college near the end of Season 1 . Jill -- Jill was named after the children 's nursery rhyme Jack and Jill . Her first appearance was in The Three Little Pigs . She also appeared in Hansel and Gretel , The Elves and the Shoemaker , The Tortoise and the Hare , The Little Red Hen , The Princess and the Pea , The Emperor 's New Clothes , Momotarō the Peach Boy , The Gingerbread Boy , The Comic Book : Attack of the Eraser , and The Beach Day Mystery . Little Bo Peep -- Little Bo Peep is named after the children 's nursery rhyme Little Bo Peep . Her first appearance was in The Elves and the Shoemaker . She also appeared in The Little Red Hen , The Frog Prince , The Princess and the Pea , and Twas the Night Before Christmas . Goldilocks -- Goldilocks is one of the girls in Storybook Village . Her first appearance was in The Goose and the Golden Eggs . She also appeared in The Magic Porridge Pot , The Ghost Who Was Afraid of Halloween , Snow White , The Rolling Rice Cakes , George and the Dragon , The Ugly Duckling : Becoming a Swan , and The Comic Book : Attack of the Eraser . Little Miss Muffet -- A girl in a yellow dress and a white blouse with a yellow bow on her hair . Cinderella -- In the TV series , Cinderella has long brown hair and wears different dresses . She is one of the citizens of Storybrook Village and appears in some episodes . Ella -- Ella is a star girl who wears yellow .
Ash Wednesday
Various manners of placing the ashes on worshippers ' heads are in use within the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church , the two most common being to use the ashes to make a cross on the forehead and sprinkling the ashes over the crown of the head . Originally , the ashes were strewn over men 's heads , but , probably because women had their heads covered in church , were placed on the foreheads of women . In the Catholic Church the manner of imposing ashes depends largely on local custom , since no fixed rule has been laid down . Although the account of Ælfric of Eynsham shows that in about the year 1000 the ashes were `` strewn '' on the head , the marking of the forehead is the method that now prevails in English - speaking countries and is the only one envisaged in the Occasional Offices of the Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea , a publication described as `` noticeably Anglo - Catholic in character '' . In its ritual of `` Blessing of Ashes '' , this states that `` the ashes are blessed at the beginning of the Eucharist ; and after they have been blessed they are placed on the forehead of the clergy and people . '' The Ash Wednesday ritual of the Church of England , Mother Church of the Anglican Communion , contains `` The Imposition of Ashes '' in its Ash Wednesday liturgy . On Ash Wednesday , the Pope , the Bishop of Rome , traditionally takes part in a penitential procession from the Church of Saint Anselm to the Basilica of Santa Sabina , where , in accordance with the custom in Italy and many other countries , ashes are sprinkled on his head , not smudged on his forehead , and he places ashes on the heads of others in the same way . A
Australian Army during World War II
Traditionally the Australian Army had relied on its major allies to provide logistic support , primarily raising combat units rather than support arms during times of conflict . Consequently , these services were relatively underdeveloped , and they remained so during the first years of the war . While British units provided many logistic and line of communication services for the AIF in North Africa during the early campaigns in 1940 and 1941 , the Army needed to raise extensive support units to support its combat formations in the Pacific following the Japanese entry into the war . As a result , the growth of the support arms and ancillary services proved dramatic , including many capabilities which the Australian Army had only minimal or no previous experience in maintaining . These units included terminal formations and beach groups responsible for loading and unloading ships , food and petroleum storage and distribution units and several farm units which grew food for troops in remote areas . In addition , with Australia 's national support base located well to the rear , in the major cities in the south - east of the country , significant expansion of the Army 's transport capabilities was required to move supplies and men to the field force based in northern Australia and New Guinea . Many road transport units were raised to move supplies around Australia , while the Royal Australian Engineers eventually operated a fleet of 1,900 watercraft and three air maintenance companies were formed to load supply aircraft .
Philippines
Sabong or cockfighting is another popular entertainment especially among Filipino men , and existed prior to the arrival of the Spanish . Antonio Pigafetta , Magellan 's chronicler , first documented this pastime in the kingdom of Taytay . The yo - yo , a popular toy in the Philippines , was introduced in its modern form by Pedro Flores with its name coming from the Ilocano language .
Ancient Greek cuisine
Spartans primarily ate a soup made from pigs ' legs and blood , known as melas zōmos ( μέλας ζωμός ) , which means `` black soup '' . According to Plutarch , it was `` so much valued that the elderly men fed only upon that , leaving what flesh there was to the younger '' . It was famous amongst the Greeks . `` Naturally Spartans are the bravest men in the world , '' joked a Sybarite , `` anyone in his senses would rather die ten thousand times than take his share of such a sorry diet '' . It was made with pork , salt , vinegar and blood . The dish was served with maza , figs and cheese sometimes supplemented with game and fish . The 2nd -- 3rd century author Aelian claims that Spartan cooks were prohibited from cooking anything other than meat .
Lion
The area a pride occupies is called a pride area , whereas that by a nomad is a range . The males associated with a pride tend to stay on the fringes , patrolling their territory . Why sociality -- the most pronounced in any cat species -- has developed in lionesses is the subject of much debate . Increased hunting success appears an obvious reason , but this is less than sure upon examination : coordinated hunting does allow for more successful predation but also ensures that non-hunting members reduce per capita calorific intake ; however , some take a role raising cubs , who may be left alone for extended periods of time . Members of the pride regularly tend to play the same role in hunts and hone their skills . The health of the hunters is the primary need for the survival of the pride , and they are the first to consume the prey at the site it is taken . Other benefits include possible kin selection ( better to share food with a related lion than with a stranger ) , protection of the young , maintenance of territory , and individual insurance against injury and hunger .
Cuban Americans
Until the early 2010s , Cuban Americans historically tended to be more Republican than Democratic , thanks to the anti-communist foreign policy platform of Ronald Reagan . The failed Bay of Pigs invasion left many Cubans distrustful of the Democratic Party , blaming John F. Kennedy for his handling of the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion . The trauma of this event has led to speculation about possible Cuban - American involvement in the assassination of President Kennedy . Cuban exiles began an alliance with the Republican Party of Florida . In Florida , Cuban - American congressmen have tended to be Republican , beginning with Representative Ileana Ros - Lehtinen ( Joe Garcia , a Democrat , is an exception ) . The presence of Cubans in the Republican Party was highlighted by the 2016 presidential race , which featured U.S. Senators Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio as prominent candidates , both of whom are of Cuban descent . But in New Jersey , another state with many Cuban Americans , Cuban - American congressmen have tended to be Democrats , for example Representative Albio Sires . Ronald Reagan is particularly popular in the Cuban - American community for standing up to Soviet communism and Castro 's export of revolution to Central America and Africa ( there is a street in Miami named for Reagan ) , and George W. Bush received 75 and 78 percent ( in 2000 and 2004 respectively ) of the Cuban - American vote . The Cuban - American lobby has also lobbied both parties on causes important to Cuban Americans .
British Empire
British territories in the Pacific acquired independence in the 1970s beginning with Fiji in 1970 and ending with Vanuatu in 1980 . Vanuatu 's independence was delayed because of political conflict between English and French - speaking communities , as the islands had been jointly administered as a condominium with France . Fiji , Tuvalu , the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea chose to become Commonwealth realms .
Beauty and the Beast
The Pig King , by Giovanni Francesco Straparola , an Italian fairytale published in The Facetious Nights of Straparola . The Scarlet Flower , a Russian fairy tale published in 1858 by Sergey Aksakov . Beauty and the Beast ... The Story Retold . Laura E. Richards . London : Blickie & Son , 1886 . Also , Boston : Roberts Brothers , 1886 . Beauty : A Retelling of the Story of Beauty and the Beast , 1978 and Rose Daughter , 1997 ( both by author Robin McKinley ) . `` The Courtship of Mr. Lyon '' , a story from Angela Carter 's The Bloody Chamber ( 1979 ) , is based on Madame Le Prince de Beaumont 's version . `` Beauty '' , a short story by Tanith Lee , is a science fiction retelling of `` Beauty and the Beast '' . It appeared in Lee 's anthology , Red as Blood , or Tales from the Sisters Grimmer , published in 1983 . The heroine is named Estár ; the Beast , a catlike telepathic alien , is never given a name that can be written or spoken in any human language . Fashion Beast , a 1985 screenplay by Alan Moore , was adapted into a graphic novel in 2012 . In The Last Wish ( 1993 ) by Andrzej Sapkowski , the story `` A Grain of Truth '' is very similar to `` Beauty and the Beast '' , though the beast enjoys being a beast and the daughters of various merchants willingly live with him in exchange for money . Lord of Scoundrels ( 1995 ) by Loretta Chase , a Regency romance and retelling of Beauty and the Beast The Fire Rose ( 1995 ) by Mercedes Lackey , part of the Elementals series . The Quantum Rose by Catherine Asaro is another science fiction retelling of `` Beauty and the Beast '' . It won the 2002 Nebula Award for Best Novel and the 2001 Affaire de Coeur Award for Best Science Fiction Novel . The first third of the novel appeared as a three - part serialization in Analog magazine in the 1999 May , June , and July / August issues . Tor Books published the full novel in 2000 . Beastly , written in 2007 by Alex Flinn , sets the story in modern - day Manhattan .