vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
United States home front during World War II
Even worse is the portrayal of the Japanese in American Propaganda . Though the way the Germans are shown to be might be considered offensive , the attacks are generally focused on Nazi officials such as Hitler , Himmler , Goebbels , and Göring . On the other hand , the Japanese are targeted on a much broader level . These range from showing the Japanese as being vicious and feral , as on the cover of Marvel Comic 's Mystery Comics no . 32 , to using every horrific stereotype available . This is the case in the Loony Tune 's cartoon Tokio Jokio ( aired May 13 , 1943 ) , in which the Japanese people are all shown to be incredibly stupid ( such as one man using an incendiary bomb to roast a hot dog over ) , obsessed with being polite , cowardly , and physically short with buckteeth , big lips , squinty eyes , and glasses . The entire cartoon is also narrated in broken English , with the letter `` R '' often replacing `` L '' in pronunciation of words , a common stereotype . Slurs used against Japanese were common as well . In the Popeye cartoon Scrap the Japs ( aired November 20 , 1942 ) , Popeye at one point exclaims `` I never seen a Jap that was n't yella ! '' In Nip the Nips , a Bugs Bunny cartoon first aired on April 22 , 1944 , Bugs passes out explosives disguised as ice cream to a number of Japanese soldiers , referring to them individually as , `` bow legs , '' `` monkey face , '' and `` slanty eyes . '' Perhaps nowhere is the difference in portrayals more solidly seen than in Theodor Geisel 's comics created during the Second World War . Hitler may be seen as weak , cowardly , and ineffective , but Hideki Tojo and Emperor Hirohito are always shown to have the same physical stereotypes already discussed .
Results of the War of 1812
Efforts to end the war began in 1812 when the chief U.S. diplomat in London proposed an armistice in return for a renunciation of impressments ; the British refused . Later , in 1812 , when the British captured Detroit and news of the repeal of the Orders reached Washington , Sir George Prevost arranged an armistice with his counterpart Henry Dearborn . However , President James Madison decided to continue the war . In 1813 , Russia offered to mediate a peace , but London rejected the offer , because it might compromise British interests in Europe . Finally , Great Britain and the United States agreed to commence peace negotiations in January 1814 : the talks were delayed .
Guns N' Roses
Guns N ' Roses performed at Rock in Rio 4 on October 2 , 2011 during heavy rain , playing `` Estranged '' for the first time since 1993 . Guitarist Bumblefoot stated that due to the conditions , it was the ' worst concert he 's ever been a part of ' . Two months later , during a performance in Nashville , TN `` Civil War '' also made a return after an eighteen - year absence . On November 10 , 2011 , Rose gave his first TV interview in years to Eddie Trunk , Don Jamieson and Jim Florentine of That Metal Show , discussing his whole career and the band 's future .
Balkan Wars
Finally , when a Serbian backed organization assassinated the heir of the Austro - Hungarian throne , causing the 1914 July Crisis , no - one could stop the conflict and the First World War broke out .
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in 2006 expressed concern that in the post-war transition period , the promotion of women 's human rights and gender equality is not seen as a priority . Mass rapes , sexual violence and sexual slavery are used as a weapon of war by the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and armed groups in the eastern part of the country . The eastern part of the country in particular has been described as the `` rape capital of the world '' and the prevalence of sexual violence there described as the worst in the world .
God of War (2005 video game)
God of War is a third - person hack and slash action - adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment ( SCE ) . First released on March 22 , 2005 , for the PlayStation 2 ( PS2 ) console , it is the first installment in the series of the same name and the third chronologically . Loosely based on Greek mythology , it is set in ancient Greece with vengeance as its central motif . The player controls the protagonist Kratos , a Spartan warrior who serves the Olympian Gods . The goddess Athena tasks Kratos with killing Ares , the God of War and Kratos ' former mentor who tricked Kratos into killing his own wife and daughter . As Ares besieges Athens out of hatred for Athena , Kratos embarks on a quest to find the one object capable of stopping the god once and for all : the legendary Pandora 's Box .
War of the Worlds (2005 film)
War of the Worlds : Music from the Motion Picture Film score by John Williams Released June 13 , 2005 Studio Sony Pictures Studios Genre Soundtrack Length 61 : 01 Label Decca Records Producer John Williams John Williams chronology Star Wars Episode III : Revenge of the Sith ( 2005 ) Star Wars Episode III : Revenge of the Sith 2005 War of the Worlds ( 2005 ) Memoirs of a Geisha ( 2005 ) Memoirs of a Geisha 2005
Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
In Britain the negotiations that proceeded to the peace agreement proved hugely controversial . Strong opposition , led principally by Newcastle and Pitt , was raised against the terms which were perceived to be exceedingly lenient towards France and Spain . A mob went so far as to attack a carriage carrying George III in protest at the alleged betrayal . Nonetheless Bute felt the war needed to be brought to an end , and the terms on offer were reasonable .
Vietnam War
The war is also depicted in popular video games , especially in first - person shooter war genre , such as Line of Sight : Vietnam ( 2003 ) , Vietcong ( 2003 ) , Battlefield Vietnam ( 2004 ) , Vietcong : Fist Alpha ( 2004 ) , Elite Warriors : Vietnam ( 2005 ) , The Hell in Vietnam ( 2008 ) , Battlefield : Bad Company 2 : Vietnam ( 2010 ) , Call of Duty : Black Ops ( 2010 ) , Call of Duty : Black Ops : Declassified ( 2012 ) , Rising Storm 2 : Vietnam ( 2017 ) , and in Far Cry 5 ( 2018 ) as an additional content . The war also saw depiction in another genre , in the form of third - person shooter , MMORPG , real - time strategy and role - playing , such as Rambo : First Blood Part II ( 1985 ) , Caliber . 50 ( 1989 ) , Vietcong 2 ( 2005 ) , Made Man ( 2006 ) , Gunboat ( 1990 ) and Strike Fighters 2 : Vietnam ( 2009 ) .
Women's March on Versailles
Following poor harvests , the deregulation of the grain market implemented by Turgot , Louis XVI 's Controller - General of Finances , in 1774 , was a main cause of the famine which led to the Flour War in 1775 . At the end of the Ancien Régime , the fear of famine became an ever - present dread for the lower strata of the Third Estate , and rumors of the `` Pacte de Famine '' to starve the poor were still rampant and readily believed . Mere rumors of food shortage led to the Réveillon riots in April 1789 . Rumors of a plot aiming to destroy wheat crops in order to starve the population provoked the Great Fear in the summer of 1789 .
War of 1812
However , other scholars hold that the war constituted a British victory and an American defeat . They argue that the British achieved their military objectives in 1812 ( by stopping the repeated American invasions of Canada ) and retaining their Canadian colonies . By contrast , they say , the Americans suffered a defeat when their armies failed to achieve their war goal of seizing part or all of Canada . Additionally , they argue the U.S. lost as it failed to stop impressment , which the British refused to repeal until the end of the Napoleonic Wars , arguing that the U.S. actions had no effect on the Orders in Council , which were rescinded before the war started .
French and Indian War
The Southeast interior was dominated by Siouan - speaking Catawbas , Muskogee - speaking Creeks and Choctaw , and the Iroquoian - speaking Cherokee tribes . When war broke out , the French colonists used their trading connections to recruit fighters from tribes in western portions of the Great Lakes region , which was not directly subject to the conflict between the French and British ; these included the Hurons , Mississaugs , Ojibwas , Winnebagos , and Potawatomi . The British colonists were supported in the war by the Iroquois Six Nations and also by the Cherokees , until differences sparked the Anglo - Cherokee War in 1758 . In 1758 , the Pennsylvania government successfully negotiated the Treaty of Easton in which a number of tribes in the Ohio Country promised neutrality in exchange for land concessions and other considerations . Most of the other northern tribes sided with the French , their primary trading partner and supplier of arms . The Creeks and Cherokees were subject to diplomatic efforts by both the French and British to gain either their support or neutrality in the conflict .
Stanley Kubrick's unrealized projects
In 2016 , long - time assistant of Kubrick 's , Emilio D'Alessandro addressed that prior to his death , Kubrick was considering making a movie of Pinocchio . D'Alessandro said that Kubrick sent him to buy Italian books about Pinocchio . `` He wanted to make it in his own because so many Pinocchios have been made . He wanted to do something really big ... He said ; ' It would ( be ) very nice if I could make children laugh and feel happy making this Pinocchio . ' '' ( Kubrick eventually used the project based on Brian Aldiss short story as his `` Pinocchio film . '' ) D'Alessandro also stated that Kubrick 's life - long fascination in World War II led to an interest in The Battle of Monte Cassino . D'Alessandro said , `` Stanley said that would be an interesting film to make . He asked me to get hold of things ... like newspaper cuttings and find out the distance from the airport , train stations . He had a friend who actually bombarded Monte Cassino during the war ... It is horrible to remember those days . Everything was completely destroyed . ''
American Indian Wars
The tribes of the Great Basin , for the most part Shoshone , were severely impacted by the Oregon and California Trails and by Mormon emigration to Utah . Beginning with their encounter with Lewis and Clark the Shoshone had generally had friendly relations with American and British fur traders and trappers . At first , relationships were friendly with travelers on the trails , but , with time , the volume of emigrants severely impacted natural resources in the areas traversed by the trails . Often travelers treated the Indians they encountered badly and the Indians on their part continued to steal horses and other stock .
Lithuania
During the Northern Wars ( 1655 -- 1661 ) , the Lithuanian territory and economy were devastated by the Swedish army . In the late 17th century , the king of the weakened Commonwealth , John III Sobieski , allied with Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I to deal crushing defeats to the Ottoman Empire . In 1683 , the Battle of Vienna marked the final turning point in the 250 - year struggle between the forces of Christian Europe and the Islamic Ottomans . For its centuries - long opposition to Muslim advances , the Commonwealth would gain the name of Antemurale Christianitatis ( bulwark of Christianity ) . During the next 16 years , the Great Turkish War would drive the Turks permanently south of the Danube River , never again to threaten central Europe .
God of War (2005 video game)
After E3 2004 , Jaffe told IGN that the creative team 's goal was to `` make the player feel brutal , letting their inner beast free and just going nuts '' . He said the game 's combat system would have an unparalleled degree of freedom . The team designed two systems of combat : a `` macro '' system , which gives players the choice between normal combat , magical attacks , or using the QTE feature to kill a foe ; and a `` micro '' system , where players press a sequence of buttons to perform different attacks . Puzzles were implemented , including self - contained ones that incorporate up to three rooms of the game , and global puzzles that spread across four or five areas . Jaffe compared the game to the popular Prince of Persia series -- which also incorporates puzzle and platforming elements -- and said that while each puzzle in that series is a slight variation of the last , `` each puzzle in God of War is its own beast '' .
Peloponnesian War
The Lacedaemonians were not content with simply sending aid to Sicily ; they also resolved to take the war to the Athenians . On the advice of Alcibiades , they fortified Decelea , near Athens , and prevented the Athenians from making use of their land year round . The fortification of Decelea prevented the shipment of supplies overland to Athens , and forced all supplies to be brought in by sea at increased expense . Perhaps worst of all , the nearby silver mines were totally disrupted , with as many as 20,000 Athenian slaves freed by the Spartan hoplites at Decelea . With the treasury and emergency reserve fund of 1,000 talents dwindling away , the Athenians were forced to demand even more tribute from her subject allies , further increasing tensions and the threat of further rebellion within the Empire .
Wonder Woman (2017 film)
`` Gas was intended to win the war . On that much Wonder Woman is absolutely right . '' said David Hambling in Popular Mechanics . Rachel Becker of The Verge stated that despite the scientific liberties of using a `` hydrogen - based '' chemical weapon as a plot device , the film succeeds in evoking real and horrifying history . `` First off , mustard gas is such a horrible , terrifying weapon , it does n't need to be made more potent . But if you were a chemist bent on raining destruction on the Allied forces , you would n't do it by replacing the sulfur atom in mustard gas with a hydrogen atom . You 'd know that sulfur is the linchpin holding together this poisonous molecule . ''
Peninsular War
This was an historic occasion ; news of it spread like wildfire throughout Spain and then all Europe . It was the first time since 1801 that a sizable French force had laid down its arms , and the legend of French invincibility underwent a severe shaking . Everywhere anti-French elements drew fresh inspiration from the tidings . The Pope published an open denunciation of Napoleon ; Prussian patriots were heartened ; and , most of all , the Austrian war party began to secure the support of the Emperor Francis for a renewed challenge to the French Empire .
World War I
In the aftermath of the war , four empires disappeared : the German , Austro - Hungarian , Ottoman , and Russian . Numerous nations regained their former independence , and new ones were created . Four dynasties , together with their ancillary aristocracies , all fell as a result of the war : the Romanovs , the Hohenzollerns , the Habsburgs , and the Ottomans . Belgium and Serbia were badly damaged , as was France , with 1.4 million soldiers dead , not counting other casualties . Germany and Russia were similarly affected .
Korea under Japanese rule
As a result of the treaty , Japanese merchants came to Busan , which became the center for foreign trade and commerce . Japanese officials then published Korea 's first newspaper , Chōsen shinpō ( 朝鮮 新報 ) , in 1881 . Chinese language articles were aimed at Korea 's educated elite , which advocated for constitutional government , freedom of speech , strong rule of law and legal rights , and Korean - led industrialization . Few of these goals came to pass . Japanese language articles focused on news regarding business , specifically `` the stagnant Pusan trade '' in rice and other farmed goods , which fluctuated wildly due to weather conditions and the whims of the tax - levying elite class . It ceased publication sometime after May 1882 . Imo
Great Depression
The devaluation of the currency had an immediate effect . Japanese textiles began to displace British textiles in export markets . The deficit spending proved to be most profound and went into the purchase of munitions for the armed forces . By 1933 , Japan was already out of the depression . By 1934 , Takahashi realized that the economy was in danger of overheating , and to avoid inflation , moved to reduce the deficit spending that went towards armaments and munitions .
Military history of the United States during World War II
The Americans did not bypass the small island of Iwo Jima because it wanted bases for fighter escorts ; it was actually used as an emergency landing base for B - 29s . The Japanese knew they could not win , but they devised a strategy to maximize American casualties . Learning from the Battle of Saipan they prepared many fortified positions on the island , including pillboxes and underground tunnels . The Marines attack began on 19 February 1945 . Initially the Japanese put up no resistance , letting the Americans mass , creating more targets before the Americans took intense fire from Mount Suribachi and fought throughout the night until the hill was surrounded . Over the next 36 days , the Japanese were pressed into an ever - shrinking pocket , but they chose to fight on to the end , leaving only 1,000 of the original 21,000 defenders alive . The Marines suffered as well , suffering 25,000 casualties . The battle became iconic in America as the epitome of heroism in desperate hand - to - hand combat . Okinawa
Ryukyu Islands
The literature - based theory that Kikai Island was Japan 's trade center of the southern islands is supported by the discovery of the Gusuku Site Complex in 2006 . The group of archaeological sites on the plateau of Kikai Island is one of the largest sites of the era . It lasted from 9th to 13th centuries and at its height from the second half of the 11th to the first half of the 12th century . It was characterized by a near - total absence of the native Kaneku Type pottery , which prevailed in coastal communities . What were found instead were goods imported from mainland Japan , China and Korea . Also found was the Kamuiyaki pottery , which was produced in Tokunoshima from the 11th to 14th centuries . The skewed distribution of Kamuiyaki peaked at Kikai and Tokunoshima suggests that the purpose of Kamuiyaki production was to serve it to Kikai .
Dutch East India Company
From 1609 the VOC had a trading post in Japan ( Hirado , Nagasaki ) , which used local paper for its own administration . However , the paper was also traded to the VOC 's other trading posts and even the Dutch Republic . Many impressions of the Dutch Golden Age artist Rembrandt 's prints were done on Japanese paper . From about 1647 Rembrandt sought increasingly to introduce variation into his prints by using different sorts of paper , and printed most of his plates regularly on Japanese paper . He also used the paper for his drawings . The Japanese paper types -- which was actually imported from Japan by the VOC -- attracted Rembrandt with its warm , yellowish colour . They are often smooth and shiny , whilst Western paper has a more rough and matt surface . Moreover , the VOC 's imported Chinese porcelain wares are often depicted in many Dutch Golden Age genre paintings , especially in Jan Vermeer 's paintings .
Military history of the United States during World War II
The flammability of Japan 's large cities , and the concentration of munitions production there , made strategic bombing the favorite strategy of the Americans from 1941 onward . The first efforts were made from bases in China , where massive efforts to establish B - 29 bases there and supply them over the Hump ( the Himalayas ) failed in 1944 ; the Japanese Army simply moved overland and captured the bases . Saipan and Tinian , captured by the U.S. in June 1944 , gave secure bases for the very - long - range B - 29 . The Boeing B - 29 Superfortress boasted four 2,200 horsepower Wright R - 3350 supercharged engines that could lift four tons of bombs 33,000 feet ( high above Japanese flak or fighters ) , and make 3,500 mile round trips . However , the systematic raids that began in June 1944 , were unsatisfactory , because the AAF had learned too much in Europe ; it overemphasized self - defense . Arnold , in personal charge of the campaign ( bypassing the theater commanders ) brought in a new leader , brilliant , indefatigable , hard - charging General Curtis LeMay . In early 1945 , LeMay ordered a radical change in tactics : remove the machine guns and gunners , fly in low at night . ( Much fuel was used to get to 30,000 feet ; it could now be replaced with more bombs . ) The Japanese radar , fighter , and anti-aircraft systems were so ineffective that they could not hit the bombers . Fires raged through the cities , and millions of civilians fled to the mountains .
Mercantilism
Some other systems that copy several mercantilist policies , such as Japan 's economic system , are also sometimes called neo-mercantilist . In an essay appearing in the 14 May 2007 issue of Newsweek , business columnist Robert J. Samuelson wrote that China was pursuing an essentially neo-mercantilist trade policy that threatened to undermine the post -- World War II international economic structure .
United States
The United States has a `` Special Relationship '' with the United Kingdom and strong ties with Canada , Australia , New Zealand , the Philippines , Japan , South Korea , Israel , and several European Union countries , including France , Italy , Germany , and Spain . It works closely with fellow NATO members on military and security issues and with its neighbors through the Organization of American States and free trade agreements such as the trilateral North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico . In 2008 , the United States spent a net $25.4 billion on official development assistance , the most in the world . As a share of America 's large gross national income ( GNI ) , however , the U.S. contribution of 0.18 % ranked last among 22 donor states . By contrast , private overseas giving by Americans is relatively generous .
Australia–Canada relations
Laurier shared his trade commissioner 's indignation and as trade relations with the United States began to show evidence of a new vigour , he became less interested in concluding a trade agreement with Australia . Few Australians were probably surprised by Laurier 's change of heart ; many were already convinced that `` within a few years Canada ( would ) either be an independent republic or an integral part of the United States . '' Indeed , with their broad Yankee accents and populist attitudes , Canadians seemed more American than British . Canada 's efforts to reconcile these two influences on its national life increasingly led to friction with Australia over the nature of relations within the Empire . The imperial outlook that fostered Canada 's interest in Australia also spawned a number of proposals for some form of imperial federation . Advocates of such schemes pointed out that federation would allow the dominions an opportunity to reconcile their interests with imperial foreign and defence policy . In exchange , they would assume a small share of the financial burden associated with defending the empire . In Australia , particularly after the South African War , this imperialist vision was embraced with considerable sympathy . Isolated by the vast Pacific Ocean -- where German , French and Japanese imperialism seemed to roam unchecked -- imperial federation offered Australia an opportunity to ensure that its interests were kept front and centre when British decision - makers tinkered with the disposition of the empire 's naval resources . Canadians , on the other hand , were disillusioned by the Boer War and were increasingly alarmed by the notion of imperial federation . The country 's significant French - Canadian minority , profoundly North American in outlook and sceptical of Britain 's imperial mission , viewed the imperial connection as a trap whose only purpose was to force the self - governing dominions to assume greater responsibility for imperial defence .