vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Monty Python's Life of Brian
There are various stories about the origins of Life of Brian . Shortly after the release of Monty Python and the Holy Grail ( 1975 ) , Eric Idle flippantly suggested that the title of the Pythons ' forthcoming feature would be Jesus Christ -- Lust for Glory ( a play on the UK title for the 1970 American film Patton ) . This was after he had become frustrated at repeatedly being asked what it would be called , despite the troupe not having given the matter of a third film any consideration . However , they shared a distrust of organised religion , and , after witnessing the critically acclaimed Holy Grail 's enormous financial turnover , confirming an appetite among the fans for more cinematic endeavours , they began to seriously consider a film lampooning the New Testament era in the same way that Holy Grail had lampooned Arthurian legend . All they needed was an idea for a plot . Eric Idle and Terry Gilliam , while promoting Holy Grail in Amsterdam , had come up with a sketch in which Jesus ' cross is falling apart because of the idiotic carpenters who built it and he angrily tells them how to do it correctly . However , after an early brainstorming stage , and despite being non-believers , they agreed that Jesus was `` definitely a good guy '' and found nothing to mock in his actual teachings : `` He 's not particularly funny , what he 's saying is n't mockable , it 's very decent stuff '' , said Idle later . After settling on the name Brian for their new protagonist , one idea considered was that of `` the 13th disciple '' . The focus eventually shifted to a separate individual born at a similar time and location who would be mistaken for the Messiah , but had no desire to be followed as such .
Copyright
In all countries where the Berne Convention standards apply , copyright is automatic , and need not be obtained through official registration with any government office . Once an idea has been reduced to tangible form , for example by securing it in a fixed medium ( such as a drawing , sheet music , photograph , a videotape , or a computer file ) , the copyright holder is entitled to enforce his or her exclusive rights . However , while registration is n't needed to exercise copyright , in jurisdictions where the laws provide for registration , it serves as prima facie evidence of a valid copyright and enables the copyright holder to seek statutory damages and attorney 's fees . ( In the USA , registering after an infringement only enables one to receive actual damages and lost profits . )
Bill of Rights 1689
These ideas reflected those of the political thinker John Locke and they quickly became popular in England . It also sets out -- or , in the view of its drafters , restates -- certain constitutional requirements of the Crown to seek the consent of the people , as represented in Parliament .
The Good Cop
Danza , a native New Yorker , is on the board of directors of the city 's Police Athletic League , and `` will be able to draw on his real - life connection to the NYPD '' to develop his character and role . The first season is being filmed in various neighborhoods in Brooklyn .
The Good Cop
The Good Cop Genre Comedy - drama Police procedural Created by Andy Breckman Starring Tony Danza Josh Groban Monica Barbaro Isiah Whitlock Jr . Bill Kottkamp Composer ( s ) Pat Irwin Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 10 Production Executive producer ( s ) Andy Breckman Randy Zisk Howard Klein Tony Danza Production location ( s ) New York City Cinematography Eric Moynier Editor ( s ) Deborah Moran Running time 42 - 49 minutes Production company ( s ) 3 Arts Entertainment Andy Breckman Productions Distributor Netflix Release Original network Netflix Original release September 21 , 2018 ( 2018 - 09 - 21 ) -- present
Internet Explorer
The idea of removing a stock install of Internet Explorer from a Windows system was proposed during the United States v. Microsoft Corp. case . One of Microsoft 's arguments during the trial was that removing Internet Explorer from Windows may result in system instability . Indeed , programs that depend on libraries installed by IE , including Windows help and support system , fail to function without IE . Before Windows Vista , it was not possible to run Windows Update without IE because the service used ActiveX technology , which no other web browser supports .
Elf (Middle-earth)
Alongside the idea of the greater Elves , Tolkien also developed the idea of children visiting Valinor , the island - homeland of the Elves in their sleep . Elves would also visit children at night and comfort them if they had been chided or were upset . This theme , linking elves with children 's dreams and nocturnal travelling was largely abandoned in Tolkien 's later writing .
First Transcontinental Railroad
In 2015 , a Lego model depicting the Golden Spike Ceremony , the event that symbolically marked the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad , was submitted to the Lego Ideas website .
Abu Simbel temples
One scheme to save the temples was based on an idea by William MacQuitty to build a clear fresh water dam around the temples , with the water inside kept at the same height as the Nile . There were to be underwater viewing chambers . In 1962 the idea was made into a proposal by architects Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry and civil engineer Ove Arup . They considered that raising the temples ignored the effect of erosion of the sandstone by desert winds . However the proposal , though acknowledged to be extremely elegant , was rejected .
Institutional review board
The International Conference on Harmonisation sets out guidelines for registration of pharmaceuticals in multiple countries . It defines Good Clinical Practice ( GCP ) , which is an agreed quality standard that governments can transpose into regulations for clinical trials involving human subjects .
Happy Birthday to You
Warner / Chappell disputed the evidence , arguing that unless there was `` necessary authorization from the copyright owner '' , the `` Happy Birthday '' lyrics and sheet music would still be subject to common law copyright as an unpublished work , and that it was unknown whether the `` special permission '' from the Summy Company covered `` Good Morning to All '' , `` Happy Birthday '' , or both , thus alleging that the publication in The Everyday Song Book was unauthorized . The company also argued that it was not acting in bad faith in withholding the evidence of the 1927 publication .
Natural selection
In the words of the philosopher Daniel Dennett , `` Darwin 's dangerous idea '' of evolution by natural selection is a `` universal acid , '' which can not be kept restricted to any vessel or container , as it soon leaks out , working its way into ever - wider surroundings . Thus , in the last decades , the concept of natural selection has spread from evolutionary biology to other disciplines , including evolutionary computation , quantum Darwinism , evolutionary economics , evolutionary epistemology , evolutionary psychology , and cosmological natural selection . This unlimited applicability has been called universal Darwinism .
History of evolutionary thought
Ideas about the transmutation of species were associated with the radical materialism of the Enlightenment and were attacked by more conservative thinkers . Cuvier attacked the ideas of Lamarck and Geoffroy , agreeing with Aristotle that species were immutable . Cuvier believed that the individual parts of an animal were too closely correlated with one another to allow for one part of the anatomy to change in isolation from the others , and argued that the fossil record showed patterns of catastrophic extinctions followed by repopulation , rather than gradual change over time . He also noted that drawings of animals and animal mummies from Egypt , which were thousands of years old , showed no signs of change when compared with modern animals . The strength of Cuvier 's arguments and his scientific reputation helped keep transmutational ideas out of the mainstream for decades . Richard
Insulin
In the spring of 1921 , Banting traveled to Toronto to explain his idea to J.J.R. Macleod , Professor of Physiology at the University of Toronto . Macleod was initially skeptical , since Banting had no background in research and was not familiar with the latest literature , but he agreed to provide lab space for Banting to test out his ideas . Macleod also arranged for two undergraduates to be Banting 's lab assistants that summer , but Banting required only one lab assistant . Charles Best and Clark Noble flipped a coin ; Best won the coin toss and took the first shift . This proved unfortunate for Noble , as Banting keep Best for the entire summer and eventually shared half his Nobel Prize money and credit for the discovery with Best . On 30 July 1921 , Banting and Best successfully isolated an extract ( `` isleton '' ) from the islets of a duct - tied dog and injected it into a diabetic dog , finding that the extract reduced its blood sugar by 40 % in 1 hour .
Criticism of democracy
The constitutions of many countries have parts of them that restrict the nature of the types of laws that legislatures can pass . A fundamental idea behind some of these restrictions , is that the majority of a population and its elected legislature can often be the source of minority persecutions , such as with racial discrimination . For example , during the mid-1930s and mid-1970s in the democratic country of Sweden , the government forcibly sterilized thousands of innocent women . They were sterilized due to `` ' mental defects ' , or simply because they were of mixed race . '' A second example is when , in 2014 in Pakistan , `` a Christian couple were burnt alive in a brick kiln by a mob for their alleged burning of the pages of Quran . '' This was followed by little police retaliation and a statement from the President of Pakistan stating that his government would protect the rights and interests of the Christian community . Some countries throughout the world have judiciaries where judges can serve for long periods of time , and often serve under appointed posts . This is often balanced , however , by the fact that some trials are decided by juries . While many , like Wittman , have argued that democracies work much the same way as the free market and that there is competition among parties to prevent oppression by the majority , others have argued that there is actually very little competition among political parties in democracies due to the high cost associated with campaigning .
Stranger Things
The idea of Stranger Things started with how the brothers felt they could take the concept of the 2013 film Prisoners , detailing the moral struggles a father goes through when his daughter is kidnapped , and expand it out over eight or so hours in a serialized television approach . As they focused on the missing child aspect of the story , they wanted to introduce the idea of `` childlike sensibilities '' they could offer , and toyed around with the idea of a monster that could consume humans . The brothers thought the combination of these things `` was the best thing ever '' . To introduce this monster into the narrative , they considered `` bizarre experiments we had read about taking place in the Cold War '' such as Project MKUltra , which gave a way to ground the monster 's existence in science rather than something spiritual . This also helped them to decide on using 1983 as the time period , as it was a year before the film Red Dawn came out , which focused on Cold War paranoia . Subsequently , they were able to use all their own personal inspirations from the 1980s , the decade they were born , as elements of the series , crafting it in the realm of science fiction and horror . The Duffer Brothers have cited as influence for the show ( among others ) : Stephen King novels ; films produced by Steven Spielberg , John Carpenter , Wes Craven , Robert Zemeckis , George Lucas and Guillermo del Toro ; films such as Alien and Stand by Me ; Japanese anime such as Akira and Elfen Lied ; and video games such as Silent Hill , The Last of Us , and Dark Souls . The Duffer Brothers also believe that they may have brought influences from other works unintentionally , including Beyond the Black Rainbow and D.A.R.Y.L. , discovered by reviewing fan feedback on the show .
Lagrangian mechanics
Historically , the idea of finding the shortest path a particle can follow subject to a force motivated the first applications of the calculus of variations to mechanical problems , such as the Brachistochrone problem solved by Jean Bernoulli in 1696 , as well as Leibniz , Daniel Bernoulli , L'Hôpital around the same time , and Newton the following year . Newton himself was thinking along the lines of the variational calculus , but did not publish . These ideas in turn lead to the variational principles of mechanics , of Fermat , Maupertuis , Euler , Hamilton , and others .
Florida Georgia Line
Here 's to the Good Times Tour ( 2013 -- 14 ) Anything Goes Tour ( 2015 ) Dig Your Roots Tour ( 2016 ) Smooth Tour ( 2017 )
List of Good Witch episodes
No . Title Directed by Written by Length Original air date Prod . code U.S. viewers ( millions ) 20 `` Good Witch Secrets of Grey House '' Craig Pryce Dean Batali 120 minutes October 22 , 2016 ( 2016 - 10 - 22 ) 3000 2.24 Sam fails to keep his date with Cassie at the Lights Festival , but his absence was due to a patient dying on the operating table . The experience weighs heavily on him , and Cassie offers support while giving him needed space . Meanwhile , she welcomes popular fantasy author Jessica Carrington and her editor Sean ( Jeff Roop ) to Grey House . Before long , Cassie inspires her to hold the launch party for her latest book in Middleton , which shares mysterious and surprising similarities with her stories . Middleton begins to transform into the book 's Halloween - themed setting of Tarynsville , with the effort led by Mayor Tinsdale to ensure the town impresses . When the event is threatened , Cassie must devise a plan to save the day ; and intriguing information about Grey House and Middleton 's past arises . Also , Cassie helps Jessica and Sean discover their long - simmering love for each other . Trying to keep his mind off his patient 's death , Sam immerses himself in work at the hospital . When Grace arrives at the emergency room after a rock - climbing accident -- a sudden adventure inspired by her new friend Courtney , the crisis brings Sam and Cassie closer together and helps her realize her feelings for him .
Final Fantasy VII
Another prominent artist was Tetsuya Nomura . Having impressed Sakaguchi with his proposed ideas , which were handwritten and illustrated rather than simply typed on a PC , Nomura was brought on as main character designer . Nomura stated that when he was brought on , the main scenario had not been completed , but he `` went along like , ' I guess first off you need a hero and a heroine ' , and from there drew the designs while thinking up details about the characters . After ( he 'd ) done the hero and heroine , ( he ) carried on drawing by thinking what kind of characters would be interesting to have . When ( he ) handed over the designs ( he 'd ) tell people the character details ( he 'd ) thought up , or write them down on a separate sheet of paper '' . Something that could not be carried over from earlier titles was the chibi sprite art , as that would not fit with the new graphical direction . Naora , in his role as an assistant character designer and art director , helped adjust each character 's appearance so the actions they performed were believable . When designing Cloud and Sephiroth , Nomura was influenced by his view of their rivalry mirroring the legendary animosity between Miyamoto Musashi and Sasaki Kojirō , with Cloud and Sephiroth being Musashi and Kojirō respectively . Sephiroth 's look was defined as `` kakkoii '' , a Japanese term combining good looks with coolness . Several of Nomura 's designs evolved substantially during development . Cloud 's original design of slicked - back black hair with no spikes was intended to save polygons and contrast with Sephiroth 's long , flowing silver hair . However , Nomura feared that such masculinity could prove unpopular with fans , so he redesigned Cloud to feature a shock of spiky , bright blond hair . Vincent 's occupation changed from researcher to detective to chemist , and finally to a former Turk with a tragic past .
The Good Cop
No . Title Directed by Written by Original release date `` Who Framed the Good Cop ? '' Randy Zisk Andy Breckman September 21 , 2018 ( 2018 - 09 - 21 ) Tony Caruso Jr . ( Josh Groban ) is a scrupulously honest , rule - abiding Detective Lieutenant , living in Queens , New York . His father , Tony Caruso Sr. ( Tony Danza ) , is an ex-detective who served eight years in prison for a corruption conviction . Part of Tony Sr. 's parole terms require him to live with his son and stay out of trouble . A former colleague in the department , Jack Livingston , whose testimony was pivotal in sending Tony Sr. to prison and against whom Tony Sr. harbors a grudge , is found dead in a local park . Forensics determine he died of asphyxiation , but he was also shot six times . When the bullets are sent to the lab , ballistics tests reveal that Tony Jr. 's gun was used in the shooting , which makes son and father prime suspects , with a plausible revenge motive . Tony Jr. attends Jack 's wake and spots Chet , a fellow officer , scratching a leg rash from a poisonous plant that grows in the park where Livingston 's corpse was found . When he discovers that Chet and Livingston 's widow are romantically involved , Tony Jr. assumes he 's found Livingston 's killer . However , he 's informed that his father has confessed to the murder , and is back behind bars . Tony Jr. visits his father , who explains that he assumed his son killed Livingston to achieve revenge , and he , Tony Sr. , decided to take the blame to spare his well - meaning son a homicide conviction . Back home , while having pizza for dinner , Tony Jr. begins removing olives from the pie and arranging them on a napkin . He begins to suspect that the shooting pattern from his firearms re-certification test of a week ago was identical to the pattern found on the victim 's chest . He calls up Cora Vasquez ( Monica Barbaro ) , his friend and his father 's parole officer , and they break into a department office to compare bullet hole patterns . They discover that the matching bullet holes theory was correct .
Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States
The ability of a president to appoint new justices depends on the occurrence of a vacancy on the Court . The Constitution provides that justices `` shall hold their offices during good behavior '' ( unless appointed during a Senate recess ) . The term `` good behavior '' is well understood to mean Justices may serve for the remainder of their lives , although they can voluntarily resign or retire . A Justice can also be removed by Congressional impeachment and conviction . However , only one Justice has been impeached by the House ( Samuel Chase , in 1805 ) and he was acquitted in the Senate . Moves to impeach sitting justices have occurred more recently ( for example , William O. Douglas was the subject of hearings twice , once in 1953 and again in 1970 ) , but they have not reached a vote in the House . No mechanism presently exists for removing a Justice who is permanently incapacitated by illness or injury , both unable to resign and unable to resume service .
The Good Cop
'' It is soon revealed that the new investor and his girlfriend have planted a microphone near the restaurant 's `` Frank Sinatra table '' to record conversations of business bigwigs so they can capitalize on financial information gleaned from eavesdropping on these private discussions . After the two learned that a busboy had discovered the planted mic , they concocted a scheme to murder him while making it look like he was killed during a robbery . They then tried to further confuse investigators with the attempted murder of someone else with the same name as the busboy , but that victim survives a shooting . When Tony Sr. notices the investor 's girlfriend wearing a necklace that was stolen by the two thugs , he begins to piece together clues that reveal the motives behind the busboy 's murder . 10 `` Who Cut Mrs. Ackroyd in Half ? '' Randy Zisk Andy Breckman September 21 , 2018 ( 2018 - 09 - 21 )
Freedom of speech by country
§ 77 Any person shall be at liberty to publish his ideas in print , in writing , and in speech , subject to his being held responsible in a court of law . Censorship and other preventive measures shall never again be introduced .
Utilitarianism
Hume studied the works of , and corresponded with , Francis Hutcheson , and it was he who first introduced a key utilitarian phrase . In An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue ( 1725 ) , Hutcheson says when choosing the most moral action , virtue is in proportion to the number of people a particular action brings happiness to . In the same way , moral evil , or vice , is proportionate to the number of people made to suffer . The best action is the one that procures the greatest happiness of the greatest numbers -- and the worst is the one that causes the most misery .
The whole nine yards
In a short story published in 1962 , the phrase is attributed to `` a brush salesman '' . A letter published in an auto magazine later that year describes a certain new car as containing `` all nine yards of goodies '' . In 1964 , several newspapers published a syndicated story which explained that `` Give ' em the whole nine yards '' was NASA talk for an item - by - item report . This early usage can be read as suggesting length , but can also be read as suggesting detailed completeness .
Freedom of speech by country
Despite the Tunisian revolution that led the Arab Spring , freedom of speech is still a controversial issue and a subject of uncertainty . Artists , journalists , and citizens still face many kinds of harassment when they try to express their ideas freely . Making things more complicated is a lack of experience and traditions in the field of free speech on the part of Tunisian justice and judges .
Lagrangian mechanics
The ideas in Lagrangian mechanics have numerous applications in other areas of physics , and can adopt generalized results from the calculus of variations .
Taxonomy (biology)
Whereas Linnaeus aimed simply to create readily identifiable taxa , the idea of the Linnaean taxonomy as translating into a sort of dendrogram of the animal and plant kingdoms was formulated toward the end of the 18th century , well before On the Origin of Species was published . Among early works exploring the idea of a transmutation of species were Erasmus Darwin 's 1796 Zoönomia and Jean - Baptiste Lamarck 's Philosophie Zoologique of 1809 . The idea was popularized in the Anglophone world by the speculative but widely read Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation , published anonymously by Robert Chambers in 1844 .
Republic
Republican ideas were spreading , especially in Asia . The United States began to have considerable influence in East Asia in the later part of the 19th century , with Protestant missionaries playing a central role . The liberal and republican writers of the west also exerted influence . These combined with native Confucian inspired political philosophy that had long argued that the populace had the right to reject unjust government that had lost the Mandate of Heaven .
Malthusianism
Malthusians perceived ideas of charity to the poor , typified by Tory paternalism , were futile , as these would only result in increased numbers of the poor ; these theories played into Whig economic ideas exemplified by the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 . The Act was described by opponents as `` a Malthusian bill designed to force the poor to emigrate , to work for lower wages , to live on a coarser sort of food '' , which initiated the construction of workhouses despite riots and arson .