vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
List of Cars characters
Julie Bowen as Lil ' Dipper , a Super Scooper based on the Grumman G - 21 Goose and CL - 415 SuperScooper Curtis Armstrong as Maru , a forklift mechanic at the Piston Peak Air Attack base Ed Harris as Blade Ranger , a veteran fire - and - rescue helicopter . He used to play a police helicopter in CHoPs with Nick `` Loop'n '' Lopez but became a firefighter when Nick died . inspired by the AgustaWestland AW109 , AgustaWestland AW139 and Bell 429 GlobalRanger Wes Studi as Windlifter , a Sikorsky S - 64 Skycrane heavy - lift helicopter Dale Dye as Cabbie , a Fairchild C - 119 Flying Boxcar retired from military service Regina King as Dynamite , the leader of The Smokejumpers , a team of ground vehicles which parachute into fire sites Corri English as Pinecone , a smokejumper equipped with a rake tool to clear brush and debris Bryan Callen as Avalanche , a bulldozer and a smokejumper Danny Pardo as Blackout , a smokejumper equipped with a circular saw Matt L. Jones as Drip , a smokejumper equipped with a skid - steer claw to clear fallen trees and brush Fred Willard as Secretary of the Interior , a green four - wheel - drive with a roof rack Jerry Stiller as Harvey , an RV and Winnie 's husband . Anne Meara as Winnie , an RV and Harvey 's wife . Erik Estrada as Nick `` Loop'n '' Lopez , a helicopter police officer who was the co-star of CHoPs who was killed before Blade became a firefighter John Michael Higgins as Cad Spinner , a luxury sport utility vehicle Barry Corbin as Ol ' Jammer , a tour bus Hal Holbrook as Mayday , an old fire and rescue truck from Propwash Junction Kevin Michael Richardson as Ryker , a transportation management safety truck with a roof - mounted watercannon for firefighting Patrick Warburton as Pulaski , a structural firefighting fire truck with a roof - mounted watercannon for firefighting . Pulaski 's namesake , Ed Pulaski , was known for his heroism in saving most of his crew during the Great Fire of 1910 by sheltering in an abandoned mine .
Thylakoid
The first step in photosynthesis is the light - driven reduction ( splitting ) of water to provide the electrons for the photosynthetic electron transport chains as well as protons for the establishment of a proton gradient . The water - splitting reaction occurs on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane and is driven by the light energy captured by the photosystems . This oxidation of water conveniently produces the waste product O that is vital for cellular respiration . The molecular oxygen formed by the reaction is released into the atmosphere .
Cigarette
In the 2006 International Coastal Cleanup , cigarettes and cigarette butts constituted 24.7 % of the total collected pieces of garbage , over twice as many as any other category , which is not surprising seeing the numbers in the table above of waste produced each year . Cigarette filters contain the chemicals filtered from cigarettes and can leach into waterways and water supplies . The toxicity of used cigarette filters depends on the specific tobacco blend and additives used by the cigarette companies . After a cigarette is smoked , the filter retains some of the chemicals , and some of which are considered carcinogenic . When studying the environmental impact of cigarette filters , the various chemicals that can be found in cigarette filters are not studied individually , due to its complexity . Researchers instead focus on the whole cigarette filter and its LD . LD is defined as the lethal dose that kills 50 % of a sample population . This allows for a simpler study of the toxicity of cigarettes filters . One recent study has looked at the toxicity of smoked cigarette filters ( smoked filter + tobacco ) , smoked cigarette filters ( no tobacco ) , and unsmoked cigarette filters ( no tobacco ) . The results of the study showed that for the LD of both marine topsmelt ( Atherinops affinis ) and freshwater fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas ) , smoked cigarette filters + tobacco are more toxic than smoked cigarette filters , but both are severely more toxic than unsmoked cigarette filters .
Common basilisk
When startled , the common basilisk escapes by speeding to the nearest edge of water -- and continues sprinting . The lizard runs on only its hind legs in an erect position , holding its fore legs to its sides . This basilisk is so adroit on water because its feet are large and equipped with flaps of skin along the toes that allow it to catch on tiny air bubbles . When moving quickly , the lizard can cross a surface of water before sinking . On water , it runs an average speed of 8.4 km / h ( or 5.2 mph ) , which is just a little slower than its speed on land . Younger basilisks can run 10 to 20 meters on water , while adults cross only a few meters before sinking . Adults do not move slowly , but they weigh more and can not sprint for as long a time . Once a basilisk submerges , it continues swimming until it is sufficiently far from its pursuer -- if the predator has followed past the bank . Although this lizard stays close to water to escape terrestrial predators , it swims only when necessary because some other aquatic animals would eat the basilisk given the chance .
Venus flytrap
The mechanism by which the trap snaps shut involves a complex interaction between elasticity , turgor and growth . The trap only shuts when there have been two stimulations of the trigger hairs ; this is to avoid inadvertent triggering of the mechanism by dust and other wind - borne debris . In the open , untripped state , the lobes are convex ( bent outwards ) , but in the closed state , the lobes are concave ( forming a cavity ) . It is the rapid flipping of this bistable state that closes the trap , but the mechanism by which this occurs is still poorly understood . When the trigger hairs are stimulated , an action potential ( mostly involving calcium ions -- see calcium in biology ) is generated , which propagates across the lobes and stimulates cells in the lobes and in the midrib between them . It is hypothesized that there is a threshold of ion buildup for the Venus flytrap to react to stimulation . After closing , the flytrap counts additional stimulations of the trigger hairs , to five total , to start the production of digesting enzymes . The acid growth theory states that individual cells in the outer layers of the lobes and midrib rapidly move H ( hydrogen ions ) into their cell walls , lowering the pH and loosening the extracellular components , which allows them to swell rapidly by osmosis , thus elongating and changing the shape of the trap lobe . Alternatively , cells in the inner layers of the lobes and midrib may rapidly secrete other ions , allowing water to follow by osmosis , and the cells to collapse . Both of these mechanisms may play a role and have some experimental evidence to support them .
Coal
An early example of a coal - based plant using ( oxy - fuel ) carbon - capture technology is Swedish company Vattenfall 's Schwarze Pumpe power station located in Spremberg , Germany , built by German firm Siemens , which went on - line in September 2008 . The facility captures CO and acid rain producing pollutants , separates them , and compresses the CO into a liquid . Plans are to inject the CO into depleted natural gas fields or other geological formations . Vattenfall opines that this technology is considered not to be a final solution for CO reduction in the atmosphere , but provides an achievable solution in the near term while more desirable alternative solutions to power generation can be made economically practical . In 2014 research and development were discontinued due to high costs making the technology unviable .
Kidney
Urea is usually excreted as a waste product from the kidneys . However , when plasma blood volume is low and ADH is released the aquaporins that are opened are also permeable to urea . This allows urea to leave the collecting duct into the medulla creating a hyperosmotic solution that ' attracts ' water . Urea can then re-enter the nephron and be excreted or recycled again depending on whether ADH is still present or not .
Cnidaria
Cnidocytes can only fire once , and about 25 % of a hydra 's nematocysts are lost from its tentacles when capturing a brine shrimp . Used cnidocytes have to be replaced , which takes about 48 hours . To minimise wasteful firing , two types of stimulus are generally required to trigger cnidocytes : nearby sensory cells detect chemicals in the water , and their cilia respond to contact . This combination prevents them from firing at distant or non-living objects . Groups of cnidocytes are usually connected by nerves and , if one fires , the rest of the group requires a weaker minimum stimulus than the cells that fire first .
Fair trade
With increasing media scrutiny of the conditions of fishermen , particularly Southeast Asia , the lack of transparency and traceability in the seafood industry prompted new efforts . In 2014 , Fair Trade USA created its Capture Fisheries Program that led to the first instance of Fair Trade fish being sold globally in 2015 . The program `` requires fishermen to source and trade according to standards that protect fundamental human rights , prevent forced and child labor , establish safe working conditions , regulate work hours and benefits , and enable responsible resource management . ''
Ultraviolet
In some types of nondestructive testing UV stimulates fluorescent dyes to highlight defects in a broad range of materials . These dyes may be carried into surface - breaking defects by capillary action ( liquid penetrant inspection ) or they may be bound to ferrite particles caught in magnetic leakage fields in ferrous materials ( magnetic particle inspection ) .
Wicked (musical)
Back at Kiamo Ko , Elphaba has already captured Dorothy , refusing to release her until she relinquishes Nessarose 's slippers -- the only things left of her dead sister . Glinda travels to Elphaba 's castle to warn her of the danger and persuade her to let Dorothy go . Elphaba refuses until she suddenly receives a letter saying that Fiyero has died . The two women forgive each other for all grievances , acknowledging they have both made mistakes . To help her in her future , Elphaba gives the Grimmerie to Glinda . The two friends embrace for the last time before saying goodbye forever , and acknowledge that they are who they are because of each other ( `` For Good '' ) . As the mob arrives at the castle , Elphaba tells Glinda to hide , and she watches from the shadows as Dorothy throws a bucket of water on Elphaba , who appears to melt away . Grief - stricken , Glinda sees that all that remains of her friend is her black hat and the small bottle of green elixir which she had slept with under her pillow .
Google Street View
Street View camera showcased on campus Google Street View camera mounted on a `` trike '' , on display at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View , California The cameras of this Google Street View car are mounted on the roof rack . The power and data cables are fed into the car through the right rear passenger window . Google Trike in Cambridge Bay , Nunavut , August 2012 Chevrolet Captiva Street View in Patagonia , Argentina , February 2014
List of Game of Thrones characters
In season 4 , Sandor decides to ransom her to her Aunt Lysa Arryn in the Vale . With Sandor 's help , Arya later retrieves her sword , Needle ( a gift from Jon Snow ) , and kills the sadistic soldier Polliver , who stole it from her . Along the way , Arya slowly begins to bond with Sandor , helping to heal one of his wounds when they are attacked . They eventually arrive at the Vale , but are told that Lysa Arryn killed herself three days prior . Arya laughs with disbelief . Later , Arya and Sandor are found by Brienne of Tarth and Podrick Payne . Arya refuses to leave with Brienne , assuming her to be an agent of the Lannisters . In the ensuing fight between Brienne and Sandor , Sandor is wounded and begs Arya to kill him , but she just steals his silver and leaves him to die . She then manages to catch a boat to Braavos , befriending the Braavosi captain by showing him the coin Jaqen gave her outside Harrenhal . In Season 5 Arya arrives in Braavos , and the ship 's captain , Ternesio takes her to the House of Black and White . She is turned away by the doorman , even after showing the iron coin given to her by Jaqen H'ghar . After spending the night sitting in front of the House , she throws the coin into the water and leaves . Later , after killing a pigeon , Arya is confronted by a group of thieves in the street . Arya prepares to fight them , but the thieves flee when the doorman appears . He walks her back to the House of Black and White , and gives her the iron coin . He then changes his face to Jaqen , and informs Arya that she must become no one before taking her inside the House . Arya 's training progresses , during which she gets better and better at lying about her identity . Jaqen eventually gives her her first new identity , as Lana , a girl who sells oysters on the streets of Braavos . She eventually encounters Meryn Trant , who she tortures and executes in retaliation for Syrio 's death , revealing her identity and motive in the process .
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Several reports of the roof leaking during the stadium 's inaugural season have caused some issues for the stadium 's design team . During the College Football National Championship Game in January 2018 , several media outlets reported a significant leak that appeared to be occurring just over the field of play near the 25 - yard line . Bill Hancock , College Football Playoff Executive Director , said that he and his team had been made aware of the issue concerning water leaking from the roof and that he believed that the issue did not affect the field of play during the game . Neither team competing in the game reported any issues with the playing surface .
Cnidaria
Nematocysts inject venom into prey , and usually have barbs to keep them embedded in the victims . Most species have nematocysts . Spirocysts do not penetrate the victim or inject venom , but entangle it by means of small sticky hairs on the thread . Ptychocysts are not used for prey capture -- instead the threads of discharged ptychocysts are used for building protective tubes in which their owners live . Ptychocysts are found only in the order Ceriantharia , tube anemones .
Nairobi
Northern bypass -- linking Limuru road to Thika Road Eastern bypass -- linking Mombasa road to Ruiru - Kiambu road near Kamiti prison Southern bypass -- run from Kikuyu to Mombasa road via Ngong road & Langata Private
The Fox and the Hound
As months pass , Tod and Copper both reach adulthood . Copper has become an experienced hunting dog , while Tod has grown up into a handsome fox . On the night of Copper 's return , Tod sneaks over to visit him . Copper explains that while he still values Tod as a friend , he is now a hunting dog and things are different . Their conversation awakens Chief , who alerts Amos . In the ensuing chase Copper catches Tod . Against his better judgement , Copper lets Tod go and diverts Chief and Amos . Tod tries escaping onto a railroad track , but is caught and pursued by Chief as a train approaches on the tracks . Tod ducks under the train , but Chief is struck by the train and falls into the river below , breaking his leg . Angered by this , Copper and Amos blame Tod for the accident and vow vengeance . Tweed , realizing that Tod is no longer safe with her , takes him on a drive and leaves him at a game preserve .
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
Reportedly , scuba divers near the abundant coral reefs in Thailand and the Maldives were caught off guard by violent , swirling underwater currents . The divers described the experience like being in a ' washing machine ' . Coral reef animals such as fish were also absent as the tsunami passed by .
Hot rod
Bumpstick -- camshaft ( for the lobes ) Burndown -- intentionally slowly staging a car for a drag race in order to throw the other driver off his game , or to cause the opponents car to build excess heat . Also called a staging duel Cam -- camshaft Cammer most commonly , the SOHC ( single overhead camshaft ) version of the 427 Ford V8 . sometimes , the Ford Racing Power Parts 5 - liter . rarely , any engine with overhead camshaft ( s ) . Channelled -- a car lowered by having the floor removed and reattached ; also , to have done so Channeling -- removing the floor and reattaching it to the body at a higher point , thus lowering the car without suspension modifications . Sometimes known as a `` body drop '' . Cheater slicks ( also `` cheaters '' ) -- soft compound tires with just enough tread added to make them street legal ( not usually in singular ) Cherry -- like new Chipped -- fitted with a modified ECU or PCM . Chop -- removing a section of the roof pillars and windows to lower the roofline Chopped -- also `` chopped top '' ; to have top chopped Chopping -- executing a roof chop C.I.D. ( sometimes Cubic Inches or Inches ) -- cubic inches displacement Crank -- crankshaft Cubes -- CID Cubic inches -- CID Cutout -- a short leg of the exhaust system that exits to the side of the car and typically in front of the driver . The cutout can be operated manually or remotely from the drivers seat . Hot rodders typically use cutouts on hot rods that are used on the street and the strip . The cutout is closed for street use and open for drag racing on the strip . Deuce ' 32 Ford Model B ( most often a roadster ) ; now commonly on A frame rails Digger -- dragster : only applied to rails , slingshots , or fuel cars Dual quads -- two four - barrel carburetors Dragster broadly , any vehicle modified or purpose - built for use on strips .
Chernobyl disaster
Location Radiation ( roentgens per hour ) Sieverts per hour ( SI Unit ) Vicinity of the reactor core 30,000 300 Fuel fragments 15,000 -- 20,000 150 -- 200 Debris heap at the place of circulation pumps 10,000 100 Debris near the electrolyzers 5,000 -- 15,000 50 -- 150 Water in the Level + 25 feedwater room 5,000 50 Level 0 of the turbine hall 500 -- 15,000 5 -- 150 Area of the affected unit 1,000 -- 1,500 10 -- 15 Water in Room 712 1,000 10 Control room 3 -- 5 0.03 -- 0.05 Hydropower Installation 30 0.3 Nearby concrete mixing unit 10 -- 15 0.10 -- 0.15 Plant
Fremont Street Experience
On September 7 , 1994 , a five - block section of Fremont Street was closed to automobile traffic for good , and groundbreaking was held on September 16 . After that , the digging up of the street and the installation of the support poles continued into December . On February 15 , 1995 , the space frames were brought in and the roof began to take shape . The last piece was installed in July 1995 . Fremont
Biomass
The biomass used for electricity generation varies by region . Forest by - products , such as wood residues , are common in the US . Agricultural waste is common in Mauritius ( sugar cane residue ) and Southeast Asia ( rice husks ) . Animal husbandry residues , such as poultry litter , are common in the UK .
Rovers Return Inn
On 18 March 2013 , Karl Munro ( John Michie ) set fire to the pub 's cellar to frame Jason Grimshaw ( Ryan Thomas ) but was caught by Sunita Alahan ( Shobna Gulati ) who was knocked unconscious by Karl when he fled to the Bistro to do his `` Full Monty '' act . Norris Cole ( Malcolm Hebden ) and Emily Bishop ( Eileen Derbyshire ) came into the restaurant to tell everyone about the fire , and Karl discovered Stella was upstairs in one of the pub 's bedrooms so he went back in to save her . As he got to her , the stairs collapsed , trapping them . Luckily Paul Kershaw ( Tony Hirst ) managed to get to them and got Stella out while his friend and fellow - firefighter Toni Griffiths ( Tara Moran ) got Karl out before the roof collapsed on top of her and killed her . Shortly afterwards the fire brigade arrived , put out the fire and were able to get Sunita out . The fire caused significant damage and caused financial problems for Stella meaning that she could not afford to hire Owen Armstrong ( Ian Puleston - Davies ) to do the refurb but after a failed attempt of offering Owen half the pub in exchange for the refurb , Stella 's mother Gloria ( Sue Johnston ) paid him the £ 80,000 required to complete the work . Sunita was in a coma for a while and was killed by Karl when she began to recover . The Rovers re-opened on 26 May 2013 .
Silk Road
Bishkek and Almaty each have a major east - west street named after the Silk Road ( Kyrgyz : Жибек жолу , Jibek Jolu in Bishkek , and Kazakh : Жібек жолы , Jibek Joly in Almaty ) .
Polar bear
Between November and February , cubs are born blind , covered with a light down fur , and weighing less than 0.9 kg ( 2.0 lb ) , but in captivity they might be delivered in the earlier months . The earliest recorded birth of polar bears in captivity was on 11 October 2011 in the Toronto Zoo . On average , each litter has two cubs . The family remains in the den until mid-February to mid-April , with the mother maintaining her fast while nursing her cubs on a fat - rich milk . By the time the mother breaks open the entrance to the den , her cubs weigh about 10 to 15 kilograms ( 22 to 33 lb ) . For about 12 to 15 days , the family spends time outside the den while remaining in its vicinity , the mother grazing on vegetation while the cubs become used to walking and playing . Then they begin the long walk from the denning area to the sea ice , where the mother can once again catch seals . Depending on the timing of ice - floe breakup in the fall , she may have fasted for up to eight months . During this time , cubs playfully imitate the mother 's hunting methods in preparation for later life . Play
Bald eagle
Behind fish , the next most significant prey base for bald eagles are other waterbirds . The contribution of such birds to the eagle 's diet is variable , depending on the quantity and availability of fish near the water 's surface . Waterbirds can seasonally comprise from 7 % to 80 % of the prey selection for eagles in certain localities . Exceptionally , in the Greater Yellowstone area , birds were eaten as regularly as fish year - around , with both prey groups comprising 43 % of the studied dietary intake . Preferred avian prey includes grebes , alcids , ducks , gulls , coots , herons , egrets , and geese . Bird species most preferred as prey by eagles tend to be medium - sized , such as western grebes ( Aechmophorus occidentalis ) , mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos ) and American coots ( Fulica americana ) as such prey is relatively easy for the much larger eagles to catch and fly with . American herring gull ( Larus smithsonianus ) are the favored avian prey species for eagles living around Lake Superior . Larger waterbirds are occasionally prey as well , with wintering emperor geese ( Chen canagica ) and snow geese ( C. caerulescens ) , which gather in large groups , sometimes becoming regular prey . Other large waterbirds hunted at least occasionally by bald eagles have included common loons ( Gavis immer ) , great black - backed gulls ( Larus marinus ) , sandhill cranes ( Grus canadensis ) , great blue herons ( Ardea herodias ) , Canada geese ( Branta canadensis ) , brown pelicans ( Pelecanus occidentalis ) , and fledging American white pelicans ( P. erythrorhynchos ) . Colony nesting seabirds , such as alcids , storm petrels , cormorants , northern gannets ( Morus bassanus ) , terns and gulls , may be especially vulnerable to predation . Due to easy accessibility and lack of formidable nest defense by such species , bald eagles are capable of preying on such seabirds at all ages , from eggs to mature adults , and can effectively cull large portions of a colony .