vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Nairobi
Nairobi was founded as a railway town , and the main headquarters of Kenya Railways ( KR ) is still situated at Nairobi railway station , which is located near the city centre . The line runs through Nairobi , from Mombasa to Kampala . Its main use is freight traffic connecting Nairobi to Mombasa and Kisumu . A number of morning and evening commuter trains connect the centre with the suburbs , but the city has no proper light rail , tramway , or rapid transit lines . A proposal has been passed for the construction of a commuter rail line . The country 's third president since independence , President Mwai Kibaki on Tuesday , 13 November 2012 launched the Syokimau Rail Service marking a major milestone in the history of railway development in the country . The opening of the station marked another milestone in efforts to realise various projects envisaged under the Vision 2030 Economic Blueprint . The new station has a train that ferries passengers from Syokimau to the city centre cutting travel time by half . Opening of the station marks the completion of the first phase of the Sh24b Nairobi Commuter Rail Network that is geared at easing traffic congestion in Nairobi , blamed for huge economic losses . Other modern stations include Imara Daima Railway Station and Makadara Railway Station .
Field-effect transistor
The channel of a FET is doped to produce either an n - type semiconductor or a p - type semiconductor . The drain and source may be doped of opposite type to the channel , in the case of enhancement mode FETs , or doped of similar type to the channel as in depletion mode FETs . Field - effect transistors are also distinguished by the method of insulation between channel and gate . Types of FETs include :
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events
Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM ) , supervised by Stefen Fangmeier , created the film 's 505 visual effects - shots . The filmmakers used as few digital effects as possible , though the train and smoke for the railroad crossing scene was entirely created using computer animation . ILM also used color grading techniques for the Lake Lachrymose scene , which required complete animation for the leeches . The digital animators studied footage of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season to accurately depict Hurricane Herman , which was ILM 's most ambitious use of computer - generated imagery ( CGI ) for the film . Nexus Productions designed the opening `` Littlest Elf '' animated sequence by modeling it after stop motion animation and completing it with computer animation . The snakes at Uncle Monty 's house were a combination of real snakes and animatronics . The animatronics , primarily the Incredibly Deadly Viper , were used as reference models that ILM later enhanced using CGI . Because working with infants was sometimes risky in producing a film , four scenes involving Sunny Baudelaire required CGI with motion capture technology . Among these are the shot of Sunny hanging on to a table by her teeth , catching a spindle with her mouth and the scene where she is entangled with the Incredibly Deadly Viper . Animation supervisor Colin Brady used his baby daughter for motion capture recording . A remote controlled animatronic of Sunny was also designed by Kevin Yagher . Another show of visual effects used for the film was in the opening with the ' littlest elf ' : stop motion filming was done for the film 's beginning until it is interrupted by Jude Law , who as Lemony Snicket lets the audience know that the film they will see is most unpleasant .
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
Within three to four months of Lucas beginning the writing process , Chiang and his design team started a two - year process of reviewing thousands of designs for the film . Chiang stated that Lucas intended Episode I to be stylistically different from the other Star Wars films ; it would be `` richer and more like a period piece , since it was the history leading up to A New Hope '' . The three planets on which the story takes place -- some with varied environments such as the human and Gungan cities of Naboo and three buildings in Coruscant . With the exception of the Gungan city , which had an art nouveau - inspired visual , these locations would be given distinctive looks with some basis in the real world . The concept drawings of Ralph McQuarrie for the original trilogy served as the basis for Mos Espa -- which was also inspired by old Tunisian hotels and buildings and had touches such as a market place to differentiate it from A New Hope 's Mos Eisley -- and Coruscant , in particular a metropolis design which became the basis for the Senate . Bocquet would later develop the work of Chiang 's team and design the interiors , translating the concepts into construction blueprints with environments and architectural styles that had some basis in reality `` to give the audience something to key into '' . Some elements were directly inspired by the original trilogy ; Lucas described the battle droids as predecessors to the Stormtroopers . Chiang uses that orientation to base the droids on the Imperial soldiers , only in the same style of stylized and elongated features seen in tribal African art .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
During the third Quarter Quell in Catching Fire , the Capitol uses jabberjays in the arena to demoralize the tributes by repeating faked screams of their loved ones . Finnick hears his lover Annie , and Katniss hears her sister Prim , her mother , Gale , and Gale 's family . She attempts to shoot all the screaming birds , but eventually gives up . Mockingjay
Nairobi
In 1905 , Nairobi replaced Mombasa as capital of the British protectorate , and the city grew around administration and tourism , initially in the form of big game hunting . As the British occupiers started to explore the region , they started using Nairobi as their first port of call . This prompted the colonial government to encourage the building of several hotels in the city . The main occupants were British game hunters .
Microphone
A noise - canceling microphone is a highly directional design intended for noisy environments . One such use is in aircraft cockpits where they are normally installed as boom microphones on headsets . Another use is in live event support on loud concert stages for vocalists involved with live performances . Many noise - canceling microphones combine signals received from two diaphragms that are in opposite electrical polarity or are processed electronically . In dual diaphragm designs , the main diaphragm is mounted closest to the intended source and the second is positioned farther away from the source so that it can pick up environmental sounds to be subtracted from the main diaphragm 's signal . After the two signals have been combined , sounds other than the intended source are greatly reduced , substantially increasing intelligibility . Other noise - canceling designs use one diaphragm that is affected by ports open to the sides and rear of the microphone , with the sum being a 16 dB rejection of sounds that are farther away . One noise - canceling headset design using a single diaphragm has been used prominently by vocal artists such as Garth Brooks and Janet Jackson . A few noise - canceling microphones are throat microphones .
Battle of Tippecanoe
The entire force of about 1000 men set out northward towards Prophetstown . The force consisted of about 250 army regulars from the 4th US Infantry Regiment , 100 Kentucky volunteers , and near 600 Indiana militia , including two companies of the Indiana Rangers . The army reached the site of modern Terre Haute , Indiana , on October 3 , where they camped and built Fort Harrison while waiting for supplies to be delivered . A scouting party of Yellow Jackets was ambushed by Native Americans on October 10 , resulting in several casualties . The Americans stopped foraging , and supplies quickly began to run low . By October 19 , officers cut the rations , and the men survived on low rations until October 28 , when fresh supplies arrived via the Wabash River from Vincennes . With the army resupplied , Harrison resumed his advance to Prophetstown on October 29 .
Nairobi
Nairobi , including the coastal towns of Mombasa and Diani , have recently become the centre of Electronic Dance Music ( EDM ) in Kenya , which includes Trance , Techno , House , Progressive , Drum & Bass , and Dubstep . Prominent international composers & DJs have graced their presence in these cities , including Kyau & Albert , Solarity , Ronski Speed , and Boom Jinx .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
Peacekeepers are the military , internal security and law enforcement organization in Panem . They wear black - trimmed white uniforms consisting of a `` police helmet '' ( which resembles a police motorcycle helmet in the first film and full - face motorcycle helmets in later films ) , a standing collar , waist - length tunic , and trousers tucked into high black boots . In the Capitol they wear what seems to be a dress version . This uniform is of the same basic design with a black sash and beret with gold capital seal . In The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , their appearance is different from the first film ; they wear a full helmet , darker visor , and heavier - looking armor , and carry automatic rifles . Peacekeepers are mostly from District 2 and the Capitol itself and must serve for 20 years without marriage or children .
Black and Tans
Many of the activities popularly attributed to the Black and Tans may have been committed by the Auxiliary Division ; For instance , Tomás Mac Curtain , the Mayor of Cork , was assassinated in March 1920 by local RIC men under the command of an Inspector General who had been a ' plague on the local Catholic population ' and the shooting dead of 13 civilians at Croke Park on Bloody Sunday was supposedly carried out by the regular RIC , although a small detachment of Auxiliaries were also present . Most Republicans did not make a distinction , and `` Black and Tans '' was often used as a catch - all term for all police groups .
Yemen
After the Roman expedition -- perhaps earlier -- the country fell into chaos , and two clans , namely Hamdan and Himyar , claimed kingship , assuming the title King of Sheba and Dhu Raydan . Dhu Raydan , i.e. , Himyarites , allied themselves with Aksum in Ethiopia against the Sabaeans . The chief of Bakil and king of Saba and Dhu Raydan , El Sharih Yahdhib , launched successful campaigns against the Himyarites and Habashat , i.e. , Aksum , El Sharih took pride in his campaigns and added the title Yahdhib to his name , which means `` suppressor '' ; he used to kill his enemies by cutting them to pieces . Sana'a came into prominence during his reign , as he built the Ghumdan Palace as his place of residence .
Spider web
Webs allow a spider to catch prey without having to expend energy by running it down . Thus it is an efficient method of gathering food . However , constructing the web is in itself an energetically costly process because of the large amount of protein required , in the form of silk . In addition , after a time the silk will lose its stickiness and thus become inefficient at capturing prey . It is common for spiders to eat their own web daily to recoup some of the energy used in spinning . The silk proteins are thus recycled .
Nairobi
Nairobi is served by highways that link Mombasa to Kampala in Uganda and Arusha in Tanzania . These are earmarked to ease the daily motor traffic within and surrounding the metro area . However , driving in Nairobi is chaotic . Most of the roads are tarmacked and there are signs showing directions to certain neighbourhoods . The city is connected to the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport by the Mombasa Highway , which passes through Industrial Area , South B , South C and Embakasi . Ongata Rongai , Langata and Karen are connected to the city centre by Langata Road , which runs to the south . Lavington , Riverside , Westlands , etc. are connected by Waiyaki Way . Kasarani , Eastlands , and Embakasi are connected by Thika Road , Jogoo Road , and Outer Ring Road .
History of Kenya
The Portuguese presence in East Africa served the purpose of controlling trade within the Indian Ocean and securing the sea routes linking Europe to Asia . Portuguese naval vessels disrupted the commerce of Portugal 's enemies within the western Indian Ocean and the Portuguese demanded high tariffs on items transported through the area , given their strategic control of ports and shipping lanes . The construction of Fort Jesus in Mombasa in 1593 aimed to solidify Portuguese hegemony in the region , but their influence was clipped by the English , Dutch and Omani Arab incursions into the region during the 17th century . The Omani Arabs posed the most direct challenge to Portuguese influence in East Africa , besieging Portuguese fortresses and openly attacking naval vessels . Omani forces captured Fort Jesus in 1698 , only to lose it in a revolt ( 1728 ) , but by 1730 the Omanis had expelled the remaining Portuguese from the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts . By this time the Portuguese Empire had already lost its interest on the spice - trade sea - route because of the decreasing profitability of that traffic . Portuguese - ruled territories , ports and settlements remained active to the south , in Mozambique , until 1975 .
Portuguese Mozambique
The Republic of Venice had gained control over much of the trade routes between Europe and Asia . After traditional land routes to India had been closed by the Ottoman Turks , Portugal hoped to use the sea route pioneered by da Gama to break the Venetian trading monopoly . Initially , Portuguese rule in East Africa focused mainly on a coastal strip centred in Mombasa . With voyages led by Vasco da Gama , Francisco de Almeida and Afonso de Albuquerque , the Portuguese dominated much of southeast Africa 's coast , including Sofala and Kilwa , by 1515 . Their main goal was to dominate trade with India . As the Portuguese settled along the coast , they made their way into the hinterland as sertanejos ( backwoodsmen ) . These sertanejos lived alongside Swahili traders and even took up service among Shona kings as interpreters and political advisors . One such sertanejo managed to travel through almost all the Shona kingdoms , including the Mutapa Empire 's ( Mwenemutapa ) metropolitan district , between 1512 and 1516 .
List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters
Aunt Gretchen is Susan 's youngest sister . She has two out - of - control twin sons , Malvin and Malcolm . Aunt Gretchen has at least thirty pets . In Hard Luck , her rabbit ( which everyone thought was a male ) has a litter of bunnies , angering Frank . Once they played throw and catch with a strong sharp piece of concrete . Malvin had to go to the emergency room to get stitches in his forehead .
1935 Labor Day hurricane
The Florida Emergency Relief Administration reported that as of November 19 , 1935 , the total of dead stood at 423 : 259 veterans and 164 civilians . These numbers are reflected on the Veterans Storm Relief Map ( which see ) . By March 1 , 1936 , 62 additional bodies had been recovered bringing the total to 485 : 257 veterans and 228 civilians . The discrepancy in veterans ' deaths resulted from the difficulty in identifying bodies , particularly those found months after the hurricane , and a question of definition ; whether to count just those on the camp payrolls or to include others , not enrolled , who happened to be veterans . The Veterans ' Affairs Administration ( VA ) compiled its own list of veterans ' deaths : 121 Dead - positive identification , 90 Missing , and 45 Dead - identification tentative , totaling 256 . Five others are named in a footnote . One proved to be a misidentification of a previously listed veteran ; two were state employees working at the camps ; and two were unaffiliated veterans caught in the storm . This gives a total for all veterans of 260 . Adding this to the Florida Emergency Relief Administration number for civilians gives a total of 488 for all deaths . 12 of the dead were listed as `` colored '' .
Appeasement
Churchill 's book The Gathering Storm , published in 1948 , made a similar judgment to Guilty Men , though in moderate tones . This book and Churchill 's authority confirmed the orthodox view .
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
While Mehmedbašić was travelling to Bosnia - Herzegovina from France , police searched his train for a thief . Thinking the police might be after him , he threw his weapons ( a dagger and a bottle of poison ) out the train window . Once he arrived in Bosnia - Herzegovina he had to set about looking for replacement weapons .
Dismissal (cricket)
A batsman can be dismissed in a number of ways , the most common being bowled , caught , leg before wicket ( LBW ) , stumped and run out . Much rarer are hit wicket , hit the ball twice , obstructing the field and timed out . The bowler is credited in the statistics with having taken a wicket if the batsman is out bowled , LBW , caught , stumped , or hit wicket . If the ball is a no - ball , then the batsman can not be out in any of these ways . The bowler is not credited with having taken a wicket if the batsman is run out , hits the ball twice , or obstructs the field ; these dismissals may occur even when the delivery is a no - ball . The fieldsman is credited in the statistics with a dismissal if he takes a catch or a stumping ( for a stumping this will necessarily be the wicket - keeper ) , and may be credited on scorecards for a run - out ( although a run - out will not be credited to a player 's statistics ) .
Greco-Persian Wars
Most of the Athenian troops were sent straight away to pursue the Persians . The party of Oeobazus was captured by a Thracian tribe , and Oeobazus was sacrificed to the god Plistorus . The Athenians eventually caught Artayctes , killing some of the Persians with him but taking most of them , including Artayctes , captive . Artayctes was crucified at the request of the people of Elaeus , a town which Artayctes had plundered while governor of the Chersonesos . The Athenians , having pacified the region , then sailed back to Athens , taking the cables from the pontoon bridges with them as trophies .
Obstructing the field
The latter situation is rarely applied , as the fielding side generally accept that the batsman is being helpful in returning the ball . A bowler does not receive credit for the wicket when a batsman is dismissed in this fashion , and any runs that have been completed before the offence is committed are scored ( unless the obstruction prevents a catch being made ) .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
In the third Quell ( year 75 ) , portrayed in Catching Fire , the rule change requires the tributes to be chosen from the surviving victors , as a reminder that not even the strongest can hope to defy the Capitol . At this time , 59 victors are still alive , including the only living female victor from District 12 , Katniss Everdeen . In the book , Katniss suspects President Snow actually made up the rule for this Quell , which conveniently serves the purpose of his vendetta against her . In the film , it is implied that Snow makes the rule under counsel of his new Head Gamemaker Plutarch Heavensbee , in order to exterminate the living victors . This Quell has no winner , and is the last Hunger Game . Katniss destroys the force field surrounding the arena , and becomes one of six survivors . Heavensbee is revealed as the leader of an underground Capitol rebel group , working for Alma Coin , who presides over District 13 and uses the collapse of the Quell to launch a second civil war .
Music of France
Claude Balbastre was an organist , harpsichordist and fortepianist . He was one of the most famous musicians of his time .
American popular music
Following the turbulent political , social and musical changes of the 1960s and early 1970s , rock music diversified . What was formerly known as rock and roll , a reasonably discrete style of music , had evolved into a catchall category called simply rock music , an umbrella term which would eventually include diverse styles like heavy metal music , punk rock and , sometimes even hip hop music . During the 1970s , however , most of these styles were not part of mainstream music , and were evolving in the underground music scene .
National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
The Granger movement supported efforts by politicians to regulate rates charged by the railroads and grain warehouses . It claimed credit for the ideas of the Cooperative Extension Service , Rural Free Delivery , and the Farm Credit System . The peak of their political reputation was marked by the Supreme Court decision in Munn v. Illinois ( 1877 ) , which held that grain warehouses were a `` private utility in the public interest , '' and so could be regulated by public law . However this achievement was overturned later by the Supreme Court in Wabash v. Illinois ( 1886 ) . The Grange also endorsed the temperance cause to avoid alcohol , the direct election of Senators and women 's suffrage .
The Perfect Storm (film)
The Perfect Storm received mixed reviews from critics , with a 47 % approval rating on critic site Rotten Tomatoes with a consensus of , `` While the special effects are well done and quite impressive , this film suffers a lack of any actual drama or characterization . The end result is a film that offers nifty eye - candy and nothing else . ''
Respiratory system
Irritation of nerve endings within the nasal passages or airways , can induce a cough reflex and sneezing . These responses cause air to be expelled forcefully from the trachea or nose , respectively . In this manner , irritants caught in the mucus which lines the respiratory tract are expelled or moved to the mouth where they can be swallowed . During coughing , contraction of the smooth muscle in the airway walls narrows the trachea by pulling the ends of the cartilage plates together and by pushing soft tissue into the lumen . This increases the expired airflow rate to dislodge and remove any irritant particle or mucus .
Great Depression in Canada
At the Depression , the provincial and municipal governments were already in debt after an expansion of infrastructure and education during the 1920s . It thus fell to the federal government to try to improve the economy . When the Depression began Mackenzie King was Prime Minister . He believed that the crisis would pass , refused to provide federal aid to the provinces , and only introduced moderate relief efforts . The government 's reaction to The Great Depression is the focus of the 2013 documentary Catch The Westbound Train from Prairie Coast Films .
Foul ball
A foul ball is different from a foul tip , in which the ball makes contact with the bat , travels directly to the catcher 's hands , and is caught . In this case , the ball remains live and a strike is added to the batter 's count . If a foul tip is strike three , the batter is out .
History of Kenya
The Portuguese became the first Europeans to explore the region of current - day Kenya : Vasco da Gama visited Mombasa in April 1498 . Da Gama 's voyage successfully reached India ( May 1498 ) , and this permitted the Portuguese to trade with the Far East directly by sea , thus challenging older trading - networks over mixed land and sea routes , such as the Spice trade routes that utilised the Persian Gulf , Red Sea and caravans to reach the eastern Mediterranean . The Republic of Venice had gained control over much of the trade routes between Europe and Asia . After the Ottoman Turks had closed traditional land routes to India , Portugal hoped to use the sea route pioneered by Gama to break the Venetian trading monopoly . Portuguese rule in East Africa focused mainly on a coastal strip centred in Mombasa . The Portuguese presence in East Africa officially began after 1505 , when flagships under the command of Dom Francisco de Almeida conquered Kilwa , an island located in what is now northern Tanzania .