vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Dada
In the Netherlands the Dada movement centered mainly around Theo van Doesburg , best known for establishing the De Stijl movement and magazine of the same name . Van Doesburg mainly focused on poetry , and included poems from many well - known Dada writers in De Stijl such as Hugo Ball , Hans Arp and Kurt Schwitters . Van Doesburg and Thijs Rinsema ( nl ) ( a cordwainer and artist in Drachten ) became friends of Schwitters , and together they organized the so - called Dutch Dada campaign in 1923 , where van Doesburg promoted a leaflet about Dada ( entitled What is Dada ? ) , Schwitters read his poems , Vilmos Huszár demonstrated a mechanical dancing doll and Nelly van Doesburg ( Theo 's wife ) , played avant - garde compositions on piano . A
Brittany
Breton literature before the 19th century was mostly oral . The oral tradition entertained by medieval poets died out during the 15th century and books in Breton were very rare before 1850 . At that time , local writers started to collect and publish local tales and legends and wrote original works . Published between 1925 and the Second World War , the literary journal Gwalarn favoured a modern Breton literature and helped translating widely known novels into Breton . After the war , the journal Al Liamm pursued that mission . Among the authors writing in Breton are Auguste Brizeux , a Romantic poet , the neo-Druidic bard Erwan Berthou , Théodore Hersart de La Villemarqué , who collected the local legends about King Arthur , Roparz Hemon , founder of Gwalarn , Pêr - Jakez Helias , Glenmor , Pêr Denez and Meavenn .
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
The poet highlights number symbolism to add symmetry and meaning to the poem . For example , three kisses are exchanged between Gawain and Bertilak 's wife ; Gawain is tempted by her on three separate days ; Bertilak goes hunting three times , and the Green Knight swings at Gawain three times with his axe . The number two also appears repeatedly , as in the two beheading scenes , two confession scenes , and two castles . The five points of the pentangle , the poet adds , represent Gawain 's virtues , for he is `` faithful five ways and five times each '' . The poet goes on to list the ways in which Gawain is virtuous : all five of his senses are without fault ; his five fingers never fail him , and he always remembers the five wounds of Christ , as well as the five joys of the Virgin Mary . The fifth five is Gawain himself , who embodies the five moral virtues of the code of chivalry : `` friendship , generosity , chastity , courtesy , and piety '' . All of these virtues reside , as the poet says , in the `` Endless Knot '' of the pentangle , which forever interlinks and is never broken . This intimate relationship between symbol and faith allows for rigorous allegorical interpretation , especially in the physical role that the shield plays in Gawain 's quest . Thus , the poet makes Gawain the epitome of perfection in knighthood through number symbolism .
Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
Each of the essays and poems draws on the author 's life experiences as a Chicana and lesbian activist . In both prose and poetry sections , Anzaldúa challenges the conception of a border as a simple divide and ultimately calls for the majority , especially those from the Western culture , to nurture active interest in the oppressed and change their attitudes that foster the growth and sustenance of borders .
Ramayana
The 7th century CE poem Bhaṭṭikāvya of Bhaṭṭi is a Sanskrit retelling of the epic that simultaneously illustrates the grammatical examples for Pāṇini 's Aṣṭādhyāyī as well as the major figures of speech and the Prakrit language .
United States presidential inauguration
1961 inauguration of John F. Kennedy : Robert Frost read his poem `` The Gift Outright '' 1993 First inauguration of Bill Clinton : Maya Angelou read her poem `` On the Pulse of Morning '' 1997 second inauguration of Bill Clinton : Miller Williams read his poem `` Of History and Hope '' 2009 first inauguration of Barack Obama : Elizabeth Alexander read her poem `` Praise Song for the Day '' 2013 second inauguration of Barack Obama : Richard Blanco read his poem `` One Today ''
Hanns Johst
In 1933 , Johst signed the Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft , a declaration of loyalty to Hitler by pro-Nazi writers . Succeeding Hans - Friedrich Blunck in 1935 , Johst became the President of the Reichsschrifttumskammer ( writer 's union ) and of the Deutsche Akademie für Dichtung ( poetry academy ) , powerful organisations for German writers . In the same year the last prominent Jewish writers , e.g. Martin Buber , were expelled from the Reichsschrifttumskammer . By this time these organisations restricted membership to writers whose work was either explicitly pro-Nazi or at least approved of by the Nazis as non - `` degenerate '' . Johst achieved other positions of importance within the Nazi state , and he was named in the Gottbegnadeten list of September 1944 as one of the Reich 's most important artists . During the war he held various positions within the SS .
The Raven
Poe first brought `` The Raven '' to his friend and former employer George Rex Graham of Graham 's Magazine in Philadelphia . Graham declined the poem , which may not have been in its final version , though he gave Poe $15 as charity . Poe then sold the poem to The American Review , which paid him $9 for it , and printed `` The Raven '' in its February 1845 issue under the pseudonym `` Quarles '' , a reference to the English poet Francis Quarles . The poem 's first publication with Poe 's name was in the Evening Mirror on January 29 , 1845 , as an `` advance copy '' . Nathaniel Parker Willis , editor of the Mirror , introduced it as `` unsurpassed in English poetry for subtle conception , masterly ingenuity of versification , and consistent , sustaining of imaginative lift ... It will stick to the memory of everybody who reads it . '' Following this publication the poem appeared in periodicals across the United States , including the New York Tribune ( February 4 , 1845 ) , Broadway Journal ( vol. 1 , February 8 , 1845 ) , Southern Literary Messenger ( vol. 11 , March 1845 ) , Literary Emporium ( vol. 2 , December 1845 ) , Saturday Courier , 16 ( July 25 , 1846 ) , and the Richmond Examiner ( September 25 , 1849 ) . It has also appeared in numerous anthologies , starting with Poets and Poetry of America edited by Rufus Wilmot Griswold in 1847 .
Catalonia
Ana María Matute , Jaime Gil de Biedma , Manuel Vázquez Montalbán and Juan Goytisolo are among the most prominent Catalan writers in the Spanish language since the democratic restoration in Spain .
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Perdiccas II of Macedon was able to host well - known Classical Greek intellectual visitors at his royal court , such as the lyric poet Melanippides and the renowned medical doctor Hippocrates , and Pindar 's enkomion written for Alexander I of Macedon may have been composed at his court . Archelaus I received many more Greek scholars , artists , and celebrities at his court than his predecessors . His honored guests included the painter Zeuxis , the architect Callimachus , the poets Choerilus of Samos , Timotheus of Miletus , and Agathon , as well as the famous Athenian playwright Euripides . The philosopher Aristotle , who studied at the Platonic Academy of Athens and established the Aristotelian school of thought , moved to Macedonia , and is said to have tutored the young Alexander the Great , as well as serving as an esteemed diplomat for Philip II . Among Alexander 's retinue of artists , writers , and philosophers was Pyrrho of Elis , founder of Pyrrhonism , the school of philosophical skepticism . During the Antigonid period , Antigonos Gonatas fostered cordial relationships with Menedemos of Eretria , founder of the Eretrian school of philosophy , and Zenon , the founder of Stoicism .
The dragon (Beowulf)
Beowulf is the oldest extant heroic poem in English literature and the first to present a dragon slayer . The legend of the dragonslayer already existed in Norse sagas such as the tale of Sigurd and Fafnir , and the Beowulf poet incorporates motifs and themes common to dragon - lore in the poem . Beowulf is the earliest surviving piece of Anglo - Saxon literature to feature a dragon , and it is possible that the poet had access to similar stories from Germanic legend . Secular Germanic literature and the literature of Christian hagiography featured dragons and dragon fights . Although the dragons of hagiography were less fierce than the dragon in Beowulf , similarities exist in the stories such as presenting the journey to the dragon 's lair , cowering spectators , and the sending of messages relaying the outcome of the fight .
The Dragon (Beowulf)
Beowulf is the oldest extant heroic poem in English literature and the first to present a dragon slayer . The legend of the dragonslayer already existed in Norse sagas such as the tale of Sigurd and Fafnir , and the Beowulf poet incorporates motifs and themes common to dragon - lore in the poem . Beowulf is the earliest surviving piece of Anglo - Saxon literature to feature a dragon , and it is possible that the poet had access to similar stories from Germanic legend . Secular Germanic literature and the literature of Christian hagiography featured dragons and dragon fights . Although the dragons of hagiography were less fierce than the dragon in Beowulf , similarities exist in the stories such as presenting the journey to the dragon 's lair , cowering spectators , and the sending of messages relaying the outcome of the fight .
Dan Humphrey
Dan 's recommendation from Noah Shapiro , a writer , leads him to find new inspiration in the form of Chuck Bass . Noah suggests he use Chuck to fuel a new story . Dan does so and loses his shoes in the process . He ends up creating the character of `` Charlie Trout , '' a character that impresses Noah and asks him to find out what makes him tick . That night , Chuck mistakes a woman of being a prostitute and nearly gets punched until Dan defends him . The two end up in jail and Chuck confesses that he thinks his father hates him because he thinks he killed his mother at Chuck 's birth . Chuck gets out a jail with some help from his lawyers and discovers Dan 's reason as to why he was hanging out with him . Chuck gets angry at Dan and leaves him , saying that he lied about his mother 's death and that she died in the Andes in a plane accident . Dan calls Noah Shapiro who bails him out . Dan confesses that he thinks it 's wrong to exploit people for art and that he 'd rather be safe . The two part ways and in bad terms .
Zimbabwe
Several authors are well known within Zimbabwe and abroad . Charles Mungoshi is renowned in Zimbabwe for writing traditional stories in English and in Shona and his poems and books have sold well with both the black and white communities . Catherine Buckle has achieved international recognition with her two books African Tears and Beyond Tears which tell of the ordeal she went through under the 2000 Land Reform . The first Prime Minister of Rhodesia , Ian Smith , wrote two books -- The Great Betrayal and Bitter Harvest . The book The House of Hunger by Dambudzo Marechera won an award in the UK in 1979 and the Nobel Prize - winning author Doris Lessing 's first novel The Grass Is Singing , the first four volumes of The Children of Violence sequence , as well as the collection of short stories African Stories are set in Rhodesia . In 2013 NoViolet Bulawayo 's novel We Need New Names was shortlisted for the Booker Prize . The novel tells the story of the devastation and emigration caused by the brutal suppression of Zimbabwean civilians during the Gukurahundi in the early 1980s .
Samoa
Albert Wendt is a significant Samoan writer whose novels and stories tell the Samoan experience . In 1989 , his novel Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree was made into a feature film in New Zealand , directed by Martyn Sanderson . Another novel Sons for the Return Home had also been made into a feature film in 1979 , directed by Paul Maunder . The late John Kneubuhl , born in American Samoa , was an accomplished playwright and screenwriter and writer . Sia Figiel won the 1997 Commonwealth Writers ' Prize for fiction in the south - east Asia / South Pacific region with her novel `` Where We Once Belonged '' . Momoe Malietoa Von Reiche is an internationally recognised poet and artist . Tusiata Avia is a performance poet . Her first book of poetry Wild Dogs Under My Skirt was published by Victoria University Press in 2004 . Dan Taulapapa McMullin is an artist and writer . Other Samoan poets and writers include Sapa'u Ruperake Petaia , Eti Sa'aga and Savea Sano Malifa , the editor of the Samoa Observer .
World War I
In 1915 John McCrae , a Canadian army doctor , wrote the poem In Flanders Fields as a salute to those who perished in the Great War . Published in Punch on 8 December 1915 , it is still recited today , especially on Remembrance Day and Memorial Day .
Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty
On his way home , he runs into Jughead who reminds him of the poetry recital in Miss Grundy 's class the next day . Archie tells him he worries too much , while Jughead tells him to be prepared . As the two best friends walk home , he reads his part of the poetry reading , the last stanza of `` The Road Not Taken '' by Robert Frost .
Quito
Poet Jorge Carrera Andrade ( b . 1902 , Quito -- d . 1978 , Quito ) Novelist Jorge Icaza ( b . 1906 , Quito -- d . 1978 , Quito ) Film Director Sebastián Cordero ( b . 1972 , Quito ) Painter Oswaldo Guayasamín ( b . 1919 , Quito -- d . 1999 , Baltimore U.S. ) Professional Footballer Christian Benitez ( b . May 1 , 1986 , Quito -- d . July 29 , 2013 , Doha , Qatar ) Catholic Saint Mariana de Jesús de Paredes ( b. 1618 , Quito -- d . 1645 , Quito ) Scientist Eugenio Espejo ( b . February 21 , 1747 -- d . December , 1795 )
Brontë family
However , Charlotte did not allow herself to be discouraged . Furthermore , coincidence came to her aid . One day in autumn 1845 while alone in the dining room she noticed a small notebook lying open on in the drawer of Emily 's portable writing desk and of my sister Emily 's handwriting . She read it and was dazzled by the beauty of the poems that she did not know . The discovery of this treasure was what she recalled five years later , and according to Juliet Barker , she erased the excitement that she had felt , more than surprise ( ... ) , a deep conviction that these were not common effusions , nor at all like the poetry women generally write . I thought them condensed and terse , vigorous and genuine . To my ear , they had a peculiar music -- wild , melancholy , and elevating . In the following paragraph Charlotte describes her sister 's indignant reaction at her having ventured into such an intimate realm with impunity . It took Emily hours to calm down and days to be convinced to publish the poems . The
Cousin marriage
The following is a Chinese poem by Po Chu - yi ( A.D. 772 -- 846 ) .
1963
August 1 -- Theodore Roethke , American poet ( b . 1908 ) August 2 -- Oliver La Farge , American writer ( b . 1901 ) August 4 -- Tom Keene , American actor ( b . 1896 ) August 9 -- Patrick Bouvier Kennedy , American infant son of President and Mrs. Kennedy August 10 -- Estes Kefauver , American politician ( b . 1903 ) August 11 -- Clem Bevans , American actor ( b . 1879 ) August 14 -- Clifford Odets , American playwright ( b . 1906 ) August 17 -- Richard Barthelmess , American actor ( b . 1895 ) August 20 -- Joan Voûte , Dutch astronomer ( b . 1879 ) August 22 -- William Morris , 1st Viscount Nuffield , British businessman and a philanthropist ( b . 1877 ) August 23 -- Larry Keating , American actor ( b . 1896 ) August 24 -- James Kirkwood , Sr. , American film director ( b . 1875 ) August 27 W.E.B. Du Bois , American civil rights activist ( b . 1868 ) Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi , Indian founder of the Khaksar Movement ( b . 1888 ) August 30 -- Guy Burgess , British spy , one of the Cambridge Five ( b . 1911 ) August 31 -- Georges Braque , French painter ( b . 1882 )
Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens Dickens in New York , circa 1867 - 1868 Charles John Huffam Dickens ( 1812 - 02 - 07 ) 7 February 1812 Landport , Hampshire , England 9 June 1870 ( 1870 - 06 - 09 ) ( aged 58 ) Higham , Kent , England Resting place Poets ' Corner , Westminster Abbey Occupation Writer Nationality British Notable works The Pickwick Papers Oliver Twist Nicholas Nickleby A Christmas Carol David Copperfield Bleak House Little Dorrit A Tale of Two Cities Great Expectations Spouse Catherine Thomson Hogarth Children Charles Dickens , Jr . Mary Dickens Kate Perugini Walter Landor Dickens Francis Dickens Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens Sydney Smith Haldimand Dickens Henry Fielding Dickens Dora Annie Dickens Edward Dickens Signature
Quechuan languages
As in the case of the pre-Columbian Mesoamerica , there are a number of surviving Andean documents in the local language that were written down in Latin characters after the European conquest , but they express , to a great extent , the culture of pre-Conquest times . That type of Quechua literature is somewhat scantier , but nevertheless significant . It includes the so - called Huarochirí Manuscript ( 1598 ) , describing the mythology and religion of the valley of Huarochirí as well as Quechua poems quoted within the Spanish - language texts of some chronicles dealing with the pre-Conquest period . There are a number of anonymous or signed Quechua dramas dating from the post-conquest period ( starting from the 17th century ) , some of which deal with the Inca era , while most are on religious topics and of European inspiration . The most famous dramas is Ollantay and the plays describing the death of Atahualpa . For example , Juan de Espinosa Medrano wrote several dramas in the language . Poems in Quechua were also composed during the colonial period .
We Real Cool
`` We Real Cool '' is a poem written in 1959 by poet Gwendolyn Brooks and published in her 1960 book The Bean Eaters , her third collection of poetry .
Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
Borderlands / La Frontera : The New Mestiza ( 1987 ) is a semi-autobiographical work by Gloria E. Anzaldúa that includes prose and poems detailing the invisible `` borders '' that exist between Latinas / os and non-Latinas / os , men and women , heterosexuals and homosexuals , and other groups .
Ode to the West Wind
And there is another contrast between the two last cantos : in the fourth canto the poet had articulated himself in singular : `` a leaf '' ( 43 , 53 ) , `` a cloud '' ( 44 , 53 ) , `` A wave '' ( 45 , 53 ) and `` One too like thee '' ( 56 ) . In this canto , the `` sense of personality as vulnerably individualised led to self - doubt '' and the greatest fear was that what was `` tameless , and swift , and proud '' ( 56 ) will stay `` chain 'd and bow 'd '' ( 55 ) . The last canto differs from that . The poet in this canto uses plural forms , for example , `` my leaves '' ( 58 , 64 ) , `` thy harmonies '' ( 59 ) , `` my thoughts '' ( 63 ) , `` ashes and sparks '' ( 67 ) and `` my lips '' ( 68 ) . By the use of the plural , the poet is able to show that there is some kind of peace and pride in his words . It even seems as if he has redefined himself because the uncertainty of the previous canto has been blown away . The `` leaves '' merge with those of an entire forest and `` Will '' become components in a whole tumult of mighty harmonies . The use of this `` Will '' ( 60 ) is certainly a reference to the future . Through the future meaning , the poem itself does not only sound as something that might have happened in the past , but it may even be a kind of `` prophecy '' ( 69 ) for what might come -- the future .
List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters
In the books , Pooh is a talented poet , and the stories are frequently punctuated by his poems and `` hums . '' He is humble about his slow - wittedness , but comfortable with his creative gifts .
Brontë family
With a single novel , Wuthering Heights ( 1847 ) , and poems of an elementary power , she reached the heights of literature . Though she was almost unknown during her life , posterity classes her as `` top level '' in the literary canon of English literature . Simone de Beauvoir , in The Second Sex ( 1949 ) , wrote that -- of all women who ever lived -- only three female writers : Brontë , Virginia Woolf and `` sometimes '' Katherine Mansfield actually explored `` the given '' .
Dejection: An Ode
George Watson claims that the trimming of the poem `` set forth upon the world as one of the oddest compromises in English poetry : an intensely , bitterly , almost indecently private poem of an unhappily married poet , cast into the most public of all forms , the neoclassical Pindaric . The language swirls upwards and downwards from a studiously conversation opening ( ... ) to passages of a grave sublimity that Coleridge had scarcely ever achieved . '' He continues , `` Not since ' The Ancient Mariner ' of four years before had his doctrine of deliberately incongruous form realized anything so arresting . It is by this startling contrast of the formal and the informal that the poem lives , and for just this reason there can be no doubt of the superiority of the final version '' .
Prometheus
The poem has appeared in Volume 6 of Goethe 's poems ( in his Collected Works ) in a section of Vermischte Gedichte ( assorted poems ) , shortly following the Harzreise im Winter . It is immediately followed by `` Ganymed '' , and the two poems are written as informing each other according to Goethe 's plan in their actual writing . Prometheus ( 1774 ) was originally planned as a drama but never completed by Goethe , though the poem is inspired by it . Prometheus is the creative and rebellious spirit rejected by God and who angrily defies him and asserts himself . Ganymede , by direct contrast , is the boyish self who is both adored and seduced by God . As a high Romantic poet and a humanist poet , Goethe presents both identities as contrasting aspects of the Romantic human condition .
Dan Humphrey
He is described as being attractive and sensitive , loves to write poetry , and one of his poems , `` Sluts , '' was featured in The New Yorker . He revealed his favorite word is death and drinks copious amounts of dark coffee . He over analyses and is easily frustrated . Dan is very close and protective of little sister Jenny who attends an exclusive private school , called the Constance Billard School for Girls , a small , elite , all - girls school located at 93rd and Madison Avenue .
To Autumn
`` To Autumn '' is a poem by English Romantic poet John Keats ( 31 October 1795 -- 23 February 1821 ) . The work was composed on 19 September 1819 and published in 1820 in a volume of Keats 's poetry that included Lamia and The Eve of St. Agnes . `` To Autumn '' is the final work in a group of poems known as Keats 's `` 1819 odes '' . Although personal problems left him little time to devote to poetry in 1819 , he composed `` To Autumn '' after a walk near Winchester one autumnal evening . The work marks the end of his poetic career , as he needed to earn money and could no longer devote himself to the lifestyle of a poet . A little over a year following the publication of `` To Autumn '' , Keats died in Rome .
Leprechaun
In a poem entitled The Lepracaun ; or , Fairy Shoemaker , 18th century Irish poet William Allingham describes the appearance of the leprechaun as :
Pub
Inns and taverns feature throughout English literature and poetry , from The Tabard Inn in Chaucer 's Canterbury Tales onwards . Jamaica