vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Sustainability
There are conflicting views whether improvements in technological efficiency and innovation will enable a complete decoupling of economic growth from environmental degradation . On the one hand , it has been claimed repeatedly by efficiency experts that resource use intensity ( i.e. , energy and materials use per unit GDP ) could in principle be reduced by at least four or five-fold , thereby allowing for continued economic growth without increasing resource depletion and associated pollution . On the other hand , an extensive historical analysis of technological efficiency improvements has conclusively shown that improvements in the efficiency of the use of energy and materials were almost always outpaced by economic growth , in large part because of the rebound effect ( conservation ) or Jevons Paradox resulting in a net increase in resource use and associated pollution . Furthermore , there are inherent thermodynamic ( i.e. , second law of thermodynamics ) and practical limits to all efficiency improvements . For example , there are certain minimum unavoidable material requirements for growing food , and there are limits to making automobiles , houses , furniture , and other products lighter and thinner without the risk of losing their necessary functions . Since it is both theoretically and practically impossible to increase resource use efficiencies indefinitely , it is equally impossible to have continued and infinite economic growth without a concomitant increase in resource depletion and environmental pollution , i.e. , economic growth and resource depletion can be decoupled to some degree over the short run but not the long run . Consequently , long - term sustainability requires the transition to a steady state economy in which total GDP remains more or less constant , as has been advocated for decades by Herman Daly and others in the ecological economics community .
Copper in architecture
Copper is a sustainable material . Its durability offers long service with little maintenance . Its high electrical and thermal energy efficiencies reduce the waste of electrical energy . Its antimicrobial properties destroy pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease . And its high scrap value and ability to be continuously recycled without any loss in performance ensure its responsible management as a valuable resource .
Recycling
The plan focuses on three key areas , with fourteen actions which were identified to increase the quality of materials collected , sorted and presented to the processing market in Scotland .
Environmental policy of the United States
Federal Agency Environmental Responsibilities White House Office Overall policy , Agency coordination Office of Management and Budget Budget , Agency coordination and management Council on Environmental Quality Environmental policy , Agency coordination , Environmental impact statements Department of Health and Human Services Health Environmental Protection Agency Air and water pollution , Solid waste , Radiation , Pesticides , Noise , Toxic substances Department of Justice Environmental litigation Department of the Interior Public lands , Energy , Minerals , National parks Department of Agriculture Forestry , Soil , Conservation Department of Defense Civil works construction , Dredge and fill permits , Pollution control from defense facilities Nuclear Regulatory Commission License and regulate nuclear power Department of State International environment Department of Commerce Oceanic and atmospheric monitoring and research Department of Labor Occupational health Department of Housing and Urban Development Housing , Urban parks , Urban planning Department of Transportation Mass transit , Roads , Aircraft noise , Oil pollution Department of Energy Energy policy coordination , Petroleum allocation research and development Tennessee Valley Authority Electric power generation Department of Homeland Security United States Coast Guard Maritime and environmental stewardship , National Pollution Funds Center ( NPFC )
Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository
In August 2013 , the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ordered the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to either `` approve or reject the Energy Department 's application for ( the ) never - completed waste storage site at Nevada 's Yucca Mountain . '' The court opinion said that the NRC was `` simply flouting the law '' in its previous action to allow the Obama administration to continue plans to close the proposed waste site since a federal law designating Yucca Mountain as the nation 's nuclear waste repository remains in effect . The court opinion stated that `` The president may not decline to follow a statutory mandate or prohibition simply because of policy objections . '' In response , NRC issued the final volumes of the Yucca Mountain Safety Evaluation Report ( SER ) , this presented the NRC staff 's statement that the site would meet all applicable standards . At the same time , the staff also stated that NRC should not authorize actual construction of the repository until the requirements for land and water rights were met and a supplement to DOE 's environmental impact statement ( EIS ) was finished . On March 3 , 2015 , NRC ordered the staff to complete the supplemental EIS and make the Yucca Mountain licensing document database publicly available , using all the remaining previously appropriated licensing funds .
Recycling
Economist Steven Landsburg , author of a paper entitled `` Why I Am Not an Environmentalist , '' claimed that paper recycling actually reduces tree populations . He argues that because paper companies have incentives to replenish their forests , large demands for paper lead to large forests while reduced demand for paper leads to fewer `` farmed '' forests .
Copper in architecture
Sustainable materials are key elements of green buildings . Some benefits of sustainable materials include durability , long life , recyclability , and energy and thermal efficiency . Copper ranks highly in all of these categories .
Federalism in India
GoI laws permit a private / public limited company to raise loans internally and externally to its capacity based on its performance / repayment reputation . Whereas states are unconstitutionally limited by the GoI to limit the borrowings when they have not defaulted / led to a financial emergency . The employees ' salary and pension expenditure of many state governments are exceeding their total revenue , but no financial emergency by the President is imposed to restrict the expenditure for enhancing the productivity of the government employees . Article 47 of Directive Principles of the state policy stipulates prohibition of intoxicating drinks which are injurious to health but it is not imposed even after the constitution is adopted 65 years ago . In contrary , many states promote liquor sales exponentially and collect a major chunk of their tax revenues from liquor sales for meeting expenditure on developmental works .
Environmental issues in Delhi
Contributing further to underground water degradation are Delhi 's mushrooming landfill sites . Waste material leeches underground , contaminating aquifers . Besides , land - fill sites degrade land . Delhi has twenty - five landfill sites , and more are planned .
Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository
Spent nuclear fuel is the radioactive by - product of electricity generation at commercial nuclear power plants , and high - level radioactive waste is the by - product from reprocessing spent fuel to produce fissile material for nuclear weapons . In 1982 , the United States Congress established a national policy to solve the problem of nuclear waste disposal . This policy is a federal law called the Nuclear Waste Policy Act , which made the DOE responsible for finding a site , building , and operating an underground disposal facility called a geologic repository . The recommendation to use a geologic repository dates back to 1957 when the National Academy of Sciences recommended that the best means of protecting the environment and public health and safety would be to dispose of the waste in rock deep underground .
Copper in architecture
Performance , maintenance , service life , and recovery costs from recycling are factors that determine the cost effectiveness of building components . While copper 's initial cost is higher than some other architectural metals , it usually does not need to be replaced during the life of a building . Due to its durability , low maintenance , and ultimate salvage value , the additional cost for copper may be insignificant over the life of a roofing system .
Recycling
The National Waste and Recycling Association ( NWRA ) , reported in May 2015 , that recycling and waste made a $6.7 billion economic impact in Ohio , U.S. , and employed 14,000 people .
Recycling
Environment and Behavior International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Journal of Applied Social Psychology Journal of Environmental Psychology Journal of Environmental Systems Journal of Socio - Economics Journal of Urban Economics Psychology and Marketing Recycling : North America 's Recycling and Composting Journal Resources , Conservation and Recycling Waste Management & Research Journal of Industrial Ecology
Gun laws in Texas
Universities will be allowed to designate certain sensitive areas as `` gun free zones '' ; these will be subject to legislative analysis . State preemption of local restrictions ? Yes Yes LGC § 229.001 . State law prohibits municipal governments from regulating the ownership , transfer , storage , or licensing of firearms , ammunition , or accessories . Local ordinances can regulate the discharge of firearms ( such as for noise , nuisance or public safety ) , but not in contradiction of state law concerning justified use of a firearm . NFA weapons restricted ? No No PC 46.01 , PC 46.05 Texas Penal Code Section 46.05 requires that `` explosive weapons '' , `` machine guns '' , `` short - barrel firearms '' , and `` firearm silencers '' , as defined in Section 46.01 , be `` registered in the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record maintained by the Bureau of Alcohol , Tobacco , Firearms and Explosives or classified as a curio or relic by the United States Department of Justice '' . Prior to May 22nd 2015 , Section 46.05 called `` registration pursuant to the National Firearms Act '' a `` defense to prosecution '' . Peaceable journey laws ? Yes Yes PC 46.02 , PC 46.15 A person may carry a loaded handgun without a permit while in or heading directly to a motor vehicle or watercraft they own or control . The statute does not specifically state the handgun must be concealed while heading to the vehicle or watercraft , and 46.02 , which requires concealment of a handgun while in a motor vehicle or watercraft , is not applicable to a person while the person is traveling , pursuant to said activities . 46.15 ( b ) ( 2 ) . Castle doctrine / stand your ground law ? Yes Yes PC 9.32 A person is presumed justified in using deadly force to protect themselves against an unlawful , forceful intrusion into their dwelling , or to prevent an unlawful , forceful attempt to remove a lawful occupant from the dwelling , or to prevent certain serious felonies such as burglary or arson . There is no duty to retreat from any place where the shooter has a legal right to be . Background checks required for private sales ? No No A
Recycling
In 2017 , glass is essentially valueless , because of the low cost of sand , its major component ; low oil costs thwarts plastic recycling .
Mount Everest
The storm 's impact on climbers on the North Ridge of Everest , where several climbers also died , was detailed in a first - hand account by British filmmaker and writer Matt Dickinson in his book The Other Side of Everest. 16 - year - old Mark Pfetzer was on the climb and wrote about it in his account , Within Reach : My Everest Story .
Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn
G'raha , with his newfound ability to control the Crystal Tower , resolves to seal himself inside until mankind can be trusted with its power . Frontlines features a new mode called Slaughter whose objective is defeating other players . A patch between the two parts introduced the Manderville Gold Saucer , a theme park area devoted to the card game Triple Triad , Chocobo racing , and other minigames . The second part consists of quests that conclude the story . 3.0 Heavensward June 23 , 2015 The game 's first expansion pack , Heavensward contains content comparable to the amount found in the base game . The main features are an increase of the level cap to 60 , the introduction of new zones with flying gameplay , and three new job classes . The story picks up with the player entering Ishgard , which had previously been closed to outsiders , and getting involved in the Dragonsong War , a thousand - year conflict between Ishgard and Nidhogg 's horde of dragons . The expansion also includes a range of new dungeons and raids , as well as new PvP modes and another playable race . This release marks the first time the game became available natively on macOS . 4.0 Stormblood June 20 , 2017 The game 's second expansion pack , Stormblood focuses on liberating the city states of Ala Mhigo and Doma from the Garlean empire . Features include increase of the level cap to 70 , new dungeons and raids , new zones , swimming and diving gameplay , changes to the battle system , and two new jobs : Red Mage and Samurai . The release of Stormblood marks the end of PlayStation 3 support for Final Fantasy XIV .
Brave New World
Linda -- John 's mother , decanted as a Beta - Minus in the World State , originally worked in the DHC 's Fertilizing Room , and subsequently lost during a storm while visiting the New Mexico Savage Reservation with the Director many years before the events of the novel . Despite following her usual precautions , Linda became pregnant with the Director 's son during their time together and was therefore unable to return to the World State by the time that she found her way to Malpais . Having been conditioned to the promiscuous social norms of the World State , Linda finds herself at once popular with every man in the pueblo ( because she is open to all sexual advances ) and also reviled for the same reason , seen as a whore by the wives of the men who visit her and by the men themselves ( who come to her nonetheless ) . Her only comforts there are mescal brought by Popé as well as peyotl . Linda is desperate to return to the World State and to soma , wanting nothing more from her remaining life than comfort until death .
Earth
During magnetic storms and substorms , charged particles can be deflected from the outer magnetosphere and especially the magnetotail , directed along field lines into Earth 's ionosphere , where atmospheric atoms can be excited and ionized , causing the aurora .
Rudolph Fisher
`` Action of Ultraviolet Light upon Bacteriophage and Filterable Viruses '' . Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 23 . ( 1926 ) . `` The Caucasian Storms Harlem '' . The American Mercury 11 ( 1927 ) . `` The Resistance of Different Concentrations of a Bacteriophage of Ultraviolet Rays '' . Journal of Infectious Diseases 40 ( 1927 ) .
The Perfect Storm (film)
The film was nominated for two Academy Awards , Best Visual Effects ( Walt Conti , Stefen Fangmeier , John Frazier and Habib Zargarpour ) and Best Sound ( John T. Reitz , Gregg Rudloff , David E. Campbell and Keith A. Wester ) , but lost both to Gladiator .
The White Queen (TV series)
`` The Storm '' James Kent Emma Frost 30 June 2013 ( 2013 - 06 - 30 ) 24 August 2013 5.32 0.704 After a rebellion by the Earl of Warwick results in the deaths of Elizabeth 's father and brother but fails to put George , Duke of Clarence , on the throne in Edward 's place , an uneasy peace is concluded between Warwick and Edward . It lasts only a short time before they rebel again and are forced to flee to France . Their supporters in England , including committed Lancastrian Margaret Beaufort , are left to face the consequences . Seeking vengeance for her father and brother 's deaths , Elizabeth and her mother Jacquetta turn to the occult , with devastating consequences for Isabel Neville , who loses her baby while en route to France with her husband . `` The Bad Queen '' Jamie Payne Lisa McGee 7 July 2013 ( 2013 - 07 - 07 ) 7 September 2013 5.00 0.811 Warwick 's campaign with George has failed , so the desperate Kingmaker turns to Margaret of Anjou , the Lancastrian Queen , as his only option to stop his family from losing everything . His youngest daughter Anne is married off to the heir to the Lancastrian throne , the cruel and spoilt Edward , Prince of Wales . Back in London , Edward and Elizabeth are troubled by news of this new alliance , and are taken by surprise when Warwick leads an assault on London . Warwick , now in control of the country , has Jacquetta tried for witchcraft , but his plans are thwarted when she appeals to her friend Margaret of Anjou for a testimonial . Seeking sanctuary at Westminster Abbey with her children , Elizabeth is joined by her mother and finally gives birth to a baby boy . 5 `` War at First Hand '' Jamie Payne Malcolm Campbell 14 July 2013 ( 2013 - 07 - 14 ) 14 September 2013 4.56 0.929 Lancaster is restored to the throne in the form of the demented Henry VI , and Margaret Beaufort brings her son to receive his blessing . Margaret of Anjou sails for England with her new daughter - in - law Anne Neville by her side , to take her place beside her husband . However , news that Edward is returning with an army unsettles the court .
Transduction (physiology)
At the base of the cochlea , there is an oval window , and this is what the footplate at the end of the stapes presses on . When the footplate presses on this oval window , it pressurizes the fluid in the vestibular canal which is the part of the cochlea that is filled with fluid and receives incoming acoustic vibrations . At the base of the cochlea , there is a round window that is a flexible membrane . It absorbs the pressure that is left after the stapes ' footplate sends the pressurized waves into the cochlea and drains it from the system so that theres not limitless pressure going into the cochlea at all times without any release .
Spratly Islands dispute
Most of the `` maritime features '' in this area have at least six names : The `` International name '' , usually in English ; the `` Chinese name '' , sometimes different for PRC and ROC ( and also in different character - sets ) ; the Vietnamese , Philippine and Malaysian names , and also , there are alternate names ( e.g. Spratly Island is also known as Storm Island ) , and sometimes names with colonial origins ( French , Portuguese , Spanish , British , etc . ) .
Fleetwood Mac
In August 2016 Fleetwood revealed that while the band had `` a huge amount of recorded music '' , virtually none of it featured Stevie Nicks . Buckingham and Christine McVie , however , had contributed multiple songs to the new project . Fleetwood told Ultimate Classic Rock : `` She ( McVie ) ... wrote up a storm ... She and Lindsey could probably have a mighty strong duet album if they want . In truth , I hope it will come to more than that . There really are dozens of songs . And they 're really good . So we 'll see . ''
Daenerys Targaryen
Daenerys Targaryen is the exiled princess of the Targaryen dynasty . Also called `` Stormborn '' , she and her brother Viserys were smuggled to Essos during the end of Robert 's Rebellion . For most of her life , she has been under the care of Viserys , whom she fears , as he is abusive to her whenever she displeases him .
Rick and Morty (season 3)
Left alone , Rick eventually rolls down into an open sewer drain , where he manages to manipulate the nervous systems of dead roaches and rats to build himself a mobile exoskeleton , with added weapons such as razors and drills . He unwittingly escapes into a foreign government agency . The guards try to kill Rick , under orders from the agency director , but Rick kills them all . In the process , Rick battles and ultimately befriends a prisoner named Jaguar . Rick changes his mind and decides to attend the therapy session , arriving towards the end . Dr. Wong gives her diagnosis , observing that Rick crafts relationships that punish emotions and vulnerability . On their way home , Rick apologizes to Beth for deceiving her and uses the serum to turn human again . Morty and Summer wish to continue seeing Dr. Wong , but Rick and Beth ignore them . Post-credit scene : Jaguar saves Rick and Morty from being killed in an elaborate piano death machine by a villain named `` Concerto '' . 25 `` Vindicators 3 : The Return of Worldender '' Bryan Newton Sarah Carbiener & Erica Rosbe August 13 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 13 ) 2.66 At Morty 's insistence , Rick agrees to join the Vindicators , a group of intergalactic superheroes , to fight their arch - nemesis , Worldender . Rick can not hide his disdain for the superheroes , while Morty is thrilled . The next morning , the Vindicators enter Worldender 's base , only to find that the previous night a blackout drunk Rick had killed him and set up a variety of puzzles that the Vindicators must solve to survive . They start arguing and kill one another , while Morty solves all the puzzles , as he knows what Rick had in mind when he put them up . After all puzzles are solved , the only ones left alive are Rick , Morty and Supernova , a member of the Vindicators . Supernova tries to kill Rick and Morty , but before she can do so , the three of them are transported to a party that Rick also set up while blackout drunk , where she gets away .
Thunderstorm
Thunderstorms result from the rapid upward movement of warm , moist air , sometimes along a front . As the warm , moist air moves upward , it cools , condenses , and forms a cumulonimbus cloud that can reach heights of over 20 kilometres ( 12 mi ) . As the rising air reaches its dew point temperature , water vapor condenses into water droplets or ice , reducing pressure locally within the thunderstorm cell . Any precipitation falls the long distance through the clouds towards the Earth 's surface . As the droplets fall , they collide with other droplets and become larger . The falling droplets create a downdraft as it pulls cold air with it , and this cold air spreads out at the Earth 's surface , occasionally causing strong winds that are commonly associated with thunderstorms .
The Perfect Storm (film)
After the film was released , the families of two crew members sued the film makers for the fictionalization of events which happened prior to the loss of the Andrea Gail . In 2005 , the Florida Supreme Court ruled against the family of Captain Tyne by a 6 -- 2 vote . Some unnamed families also sued the producers in federal district court , claiming that their names were used without their permission , and that facts were changed . The district court , which is also located in Florida , dismissed the case , as in their opinion the defendants ' First Amendment right to freedom of speech barred the suit . The plaintiffs appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit , which could not decide how to interpret the Florida law at issue and certified the question to the Florida Supreme Court . In the end , the Florida Supreme Court upheld the district court 's interpretation of Florida law , and remanded the case to the 11th Circuit , which affirmed the prior decision to dismiss the case .
Jupiter
Storms such as this are common within the turbulent atmospheres of giant planets . Jupiter also has white ovals and brown ovals , which are lesser unnamed storms . White ovals tend to consist of relatively cool clouds within the upper atmosphere . Brown ovals are warmer and located within the `` normal cloud layer '' . Such storms can last as little as a few hours or stretch on for centuries .