vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Indian Railways
The first passenger train in India ran between Bombay ( Bori Bunder ) and Thane on 16 April 1853 . The 14 - carriage train was hauled by three steam locomotives : Sahib , Sindh and Sultan . It ran for about 34 kilometers between these two cities carrying 400 people . The line was built and operated by GIPR . This railway line was built in 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in ) broad gauge , which became the standard for the railways in the country . The first passenger railway train in eastern India ran from Howrah , near Calcutta to Hoogly , for distance of 24 miles , on 15 August 1854 . The line was built and operated by EIR . In May 1854 , the Bombay - Thane line was extended to Kalyan by building bridge over `` Dapoorie viaduct '' over Ulhas river . This was also the first railway bridge in India . In the same year GIPR started its first workshops in Byculla . In 1855 , BB&CI Railway was incorporated . In August 1855 , EIR ' Express ' and Fairy Queen steam locomotives started hauling trains . The first passenger train in South India ran from Royapuram / Veyasarapady ( Madras ) to Wallajah Road ( Arcot ) on 1 July 1856 , for a distance of 60 miles . It was built and operated by Madras Railway . In the same year , first workshop was set up by the Madras Railway at Perambur , near Madras . The Bombay - Thane line was extended to Khopoli in same year . In 1858 , Eastern Bengal Railway was incorporated . On 24 February 1873 , the first tramway ( a horse - drawn tramway ) opened in Calcutta between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat Street , a distance of 3.8 km . In 1874 , GSIR and Carnatic Rly . merged to form the South Indian Railway . On 9 May 1874 , horse - drawn tramway began operations in Bombay between Colaba and Parel . In 1880 , Calcutta Tramways Company was incorporated . In 1890 , East Coast State Railway was incorporated . In 1897 , lighting in passenger coaches was introduced by many railway companies . In 1902 , the Jodhpur Railway became the first to introduce electric lights as standard fixtures . In 1920 , electric lighting of signals was introduced between Dadar and Currey Road in Bombay .
Solomon's Temple
The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh . According to the biblical sources , the temple was constructed under Solomon , during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah . The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects , workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem . He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea . 1 Kings 6 : 1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple `` in the fourth year of Solomon 's reign over Israel '' . The conventional dates of Solomon 's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE . This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE . Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9 : 10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the Temple and his royal palace . The Temple itself finished being built after 7 years . During the united monarchy the Temple was dedicated to Yahweh , the God of Israel , and housed the Ark of the Covenant . Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE ( 3338 AM ) , 165 years later than secular estimates .
Halloween
The first recorded purpose - built haunted attraction was the Orton and Spooner Ghost House , which opened in 1915 in Liphook , England . This attraction actually most closely resembles a carnival fun house , powered by steam . The House still exists , in the Hollycombe Steam Collection .
First Fleet
The exact number of people directly associated with the First Fleet will likely never be established , as accounts of the event vary slightly . A total of 1,420 people have been identified as embarking on the First Fleet in 1787 , and 1,373 are believed to have landed at Sydney Cove in January 1788 . In her biographical dictionary of the First Fleet , Mollie Gillen gives the following statistics :
History of electric power transmission
The first demonstrative long distance ( 34 km , i.e. 21 mi ) AC line was built for the 1884 International Exhibition of Turin , Italy . It was powered by a 2 - kV , 130 - Hz Siemens & Halske alternator and featured several Gaulard secondary generators with their primary windings connected in series , which fed incandescent lamps . The system proved the feasibility of AC electric power transmission on long distances . After this success , between 1884 and 1885 , Hungarian engineers Zipernowsky , Bláthy , and Déri from the Ganz company in Budapest created the efficient `` Z.B.D. '' closed - core coils , as well as the modern electric distribution system . The three had discovered that all former coreless or open - core devices were incapable of regulating voltage , and were therefore impractical . Their joint patent described two versions of a design with no poles : the `` closed - core transformer '' and the `` shell - core transformer '' . Ottó Bláthy suggested the use of closed - cores , Károly Zipernowsky the use of shunt connections , and Miksa Déri performed the experiments .
Sacramento International Airport
In 1998 , both the consolidated rental car facility and Terminal A ( designed by Dreyfuss & Blackford Architects ) opened . The consolidated rental car terminal was the first of its kind in the nation and gave all rental car customers a single point of access that could be reached on a single shuttle . This innovation streamlined bus operations to reduce congestion at the terminal and improve air quality while enhancing customer service .
First Transcontinental Railroad
Several years after the end of the Civil War , the competing railroads coming from Missouri finally realized their initial strategic advantage and a building boom ensued . In July 1869 , the H&SJ finished the Hannibal Bridge in Kansas City which was the first bridge to cross the Missouri River . This in turn connected to Kansas Pacific trains going from Kansas City to Denver , which in turn had built the Denver Pacific Railway connecting to the Union Pacific . In August 1870 , the Kansas Pacific drove the last spike connecting to the Denver Pacific line at Strasburg , Colorado and the first true Atlantic to Pacific United States railroad was completed .
History of the motorcycle
Excelsior Motor Company , originally a bicycle - manufacturing company based in Coventry in Warwickshire ( England ) , began production of their first motorcycle model in 1896 , available for purchase by the public . The first production motorcycle in the US was the Orient - Aster , built by Charles Metz in 1898 at his factory in Waltham , Massachusetts .
Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)
Construction commenced immediately , with the first common house nearly completed by January 9 / 19 , 20 feet square and built for general use . At this point , each single man was ordered to join himself to one of the 19 families in order to eliminate the need to build any more houses than absolutely necessary . Each extended family was assigned a plot one - half rod wide and three rods long for each household member , then each family built its own dwelling . Supplies were brought ashore , and the settlement was mostly complete by early February .
Van de Graaff generator
During 1933 , Van de Graaff built a 40 - foot ( 12 - m ) model at MIT 's Round Hill facility , the use of which was donated by Colonel Edward H.R. Green .
Dutch East India Company
1624 -- 1634 : Fort Zeelandia / Fort Anping ( Dutch Formosa ) was built by the VOC . 1624 -- 1662 : Tainan ( Dutch Formosa ) , the first urban area to be established in Taiwan . 1627 -- 1825 : Establishment of Dutch Bengal by the VOC . 1627 : The VOC explorers François Thijssen and Pieter Nuyts made the first recorded European landing on the south coast of the Australian continent and charted about 1,800 kilometres of it between Cape Leeuwin and the Nuyts Archipelago . 1629 : Wiebbe Hayes Stone Fort ( West Wallabi Island ) , the first known European structure to be built on the Australian continent . It was built by survivors of the Batavia shipwreck and massacre . 1636 -- 1637 : Tulip Mania , generally considered to be the first recorded economic bubble ( or speculative bubble ) in history . Early stock market bubbles and crashes also have their roots in financial activities of the Dutch East India Company and Dutch Republic . 1637 : Hansken , a young female Asian elephant from Dutch Ceylon , was brought to Amsterdam in 1637 , aboard a VOC ship . Dutch Golden Age artist Rembrandt made some historical drawings of Hansken . 1638 -- 1710 : Dutch Mauritius , the first permanent human settlement to be established in Mauritius . 1640 -- 1796 : Establishment of Dutch Ceylon by the VOC . 1641 -- 1825 : Establishment of Dutch Malacca by the VOC . 1641 -- 1853 : Beginnings of Rangaku ( first phase : 1641 -- 1720 ) . After 1641 , the VOC businessmen were the only Western allowed to trade with or to enter isolated Japan . 1642 : The VOC explorer Abel Tasman discovered , explored , and charted Tasmania and its neighboring islands . He named Tasmania Anthoonij van Diemenslandt ( Anglicised as Van Diemen 's Land ) , after Anthony van Diemen , the Dutch East India Company 's Governor General , who had commissioned his voyage . 1642 : On December 13 , Abel Tasman 's VOC crew were the first non-natives known to discover , explore and chart New Zealand 's coastline ( Nova Zeelandia ) .
First voyage of James Cook
The vessel chosen by the Admiralty for the voyage was a merchant collier named Earl of Pembroke , launched in June 1764 from the coal and whaling port of Whitby in North Yorkshire . She was ship - rigged and sturdily built with a broad , flat bow , a square stern and a long box - like body with a deep hold . A flat - bottomed design made her well - suited to sailing in shallow waters and allowed her to be beached for loading and unloading of cargo and for basic repairs without requiring a dry dock . Her length was 106 feet ( 32 m ) , with a beam of 29 feet 3 inches ( 8.92 m ) , and measuring 368 ⁄ tons burthen
History of rail transport in the United States
The Southern states had blocked westward rail expansion before 1860 , but after secession the Pacific Railway Acts were passed in 1862 , allowing the first transcontinental railroad to be completed in 1869 , making possible a six - day trip from New York to San Francisco . Other transcontinentals were built in the South ( Southern Pacific , Santa Fe ) and along the Canada -- US border ( Northern Pacific , Great Northern ) , accelerating the settlement of the West by offering inexpensive farms and ranches on credit , carrying pioneers and supplies westward , and cattle , wheat and minerals eastward . Strikers
Eiffel Tower
The start of the erection of the metalwork . 7 December 1887 : Construction of the legs with scaffolding . 20 March 1888 : Completion of the first level . 15 May 1888 : Start of construction on the second stage . 21 August 1888 : Completion of the second level . 26 December 1888 : Construction of the upper stage . 15 March 1889 : Construction of the cupola . Lifts
Insulin
On January 11 , 1922 , Leonard Thompson , a 14 - year - old diabetic who lay dying at the Toronto General Hospital , was given the first injection of insulin . However , the extract was so impure that Thompson suffered a severe allergic reaction , and further injections were canceled . Over the next 12 days , Collip worked day and night to improve the ox - pancreas extract . A second dose was injected on January 23 , completely eliminating the glycosuria that was typical of diabetes without causing any obvious side - effects . The first American patient was Elizabeth Hughes , the daughter of U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes . The first patient treated in the U.S. was future woodcut artist James D. Havens ; Dr. John Ralston Williams imported insulin from Toronto to Rochester , New York , to treat Havens .
Automated teller machine
Asea Metior 's Bankomat was the first ATM installed in Spain on January 9 , 1969 in downtown Madrid by Banesto . This device dispensed 1,000 peseta bills ( 1 to 5 max ) . Each user had to introduce a security personal key using a combination of the ten numeric buttons . In March of the same year an ad with the instructions to use the Bancomat was published in the same newspaper .
HTML
After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994 , the IETF created an HTML Working Group , which in 1995 completed `` HTML 2.0 '' , the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based .
First Transcontinental Railroad
In total , the Central Pacific had eleven tunnel projects ( Nos. 3 through 13 ) under construction in the Sierra from 1865 -- 68 , with seven tunnels located in a 2 - mile ( 3.2 km ) stretch on the east side of Donner Summit . The tunnels were usually built by drilling a series of holes in the tunnel face , filling them with black powder and detonating it to break the rock free . The black powder was provided by the California Powder Works near Santa Cruz , California . These works had started production in 1864 after the U.S. Civil War had cut off shipments of black powder from the East to the mining and railroad industry of California and Nevada . The Central Pacific was a prolific user of black powder , often using up to 500 kegs of 25 pounds ( 11 kg ) each per day .
History of the motorcycle
In 1901 English quadricycle - and bicycle - maker Royal Enfield introduced its first motorcycle , with a 239 cc engine mounted in the front and driving the rear wheel through a belt . In 1898 English bicycle - maker Triumph decided to extend its focus to include motorcycles , and by 1902 the company had produced its first motorcycle -- a bicycle fitted with a Belgian - built engine . A year later it was the largest motorcycle - manufacturer , with an annual production of over 500 units . Other British firms included Norton and Birmingham Small Arms Company who began motorbike production in 1902 and 1910 , respectively .
History of McDonald's
The first McDonald 's Express locations opened in 1991 . These are smaller - scale prototypes , usually constructed in prefabricated buildings or urban storefronts , that do not feature certain menu items such as milkshakes and Quarter Pounders .
Automated teller machine
The first switching system to enable shared automated teller machines between banks went into production operation on February 3 , 1979 in Denver , Colorado , in an effort by Colorado National Bank of Denver and Kranzley and Company of Cherry Hill , New Jersey .
Napoleon
Napoleon instituted various reforms , such as higher education , a tax code , road and sewer systems , and established the Banque de France , the first central bank in French history . He negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with the Catholic Church , which sought to reconcile the mostly Catholic population to his regime . It was presented alongside the Organic Articles , which regulated public worship in France . He dissolved the Holy Roman Empire prior to German Unification later in the 19th century . The sale of the Louisiana Territory to the United States doubled the size of the United States .
First Transcontinental Railroad
From January or February 1861 until July , Judah and Strong led a 10 - person expedition to survey the route for the railroad over the Sierra Nevada through Clipper Gap and Emigrant Gap , over Donner Pass , and south to Truckee . They discovered a way across the Sierras that was gradual enough to be made suitable for a railroad , although it still needed a lot of work .
Supreme Court of India
The foundation stone of the supreme court 's building was laid on 29 October 1954 by Rajendra Prasad , the first President of India . The main block of the building has been built on a triangular plot of 17 acres and has been designed in an Indo - British style by the chief architect Ganesh Bhikaji Deolalikar , the first Indian to head the Central Public Works Department.It has a 27.6 m ( 90 ft 7 in ) high dome and a spacious colonnaded verandah . The Court moved into the building in 1958 . In 1979 , two new wings -- the East Wing and the West Wing -- were added to the complex . 1994 saw the last extension .
Computer
The Mark 1 in turn quickly became the prototype for the Ferranti Mark 1 , the world 's first commercially available general - purpose computer . Built by Ferranti , it was delivered to the University of Manchester in February 1951 . At least seven of these later machines were delivered between 1953 and 1957 , one of them to Shell labs in Amsterdam . In October 1947 , the directors of British catering company J. Lyons & Company decided to take an active role in promoting the commercial development of computers . The LEO I computer became operational in April 1951 and ran the world 's first regular routine office computer job . Transistors
Buckingham Palace
Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake , around 1624 . The next owner was Lord Goring , who from 1633 extended Blake 's house and developed much of today 's garden , then known as Goring Great Garden . He did not , however , obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden . Unbeknown to Goring , in 1640 the document `` failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London , which it needed to do for legal execution '' . It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III . Arlington
Satellite
Early satellites were constructed as `` one - off '' designs . With growth in geosynchronous ( GEO ) satellite communication , multiple satellites began to be built on single model platforms called satellite buses . The first standardized satellite bus design was the HS - 333 GEO commsat , launched in 1972 .
Microphone
In 1916 , E.C. Wente of Western Electric developed the next breakthrough with the first condenser microphone . In 1923 , the first practical moving coil microphone was built . `` The Marconi Sykes '' or `` magnetophon '' , developed by Captain H.J. Round , was the standard for BBC studios in London . This was improved in 1930 by Alan Blumlein and Herbert Holman who released the HB1A and was the best standard of the day .
Communications satellite
The first American satellite to relay communications was Project SCORE in 1958 , which used a tape recorder to store and forward voice messages . It was used to send a Christmas greeting to the world from U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. ; Courier 1B , built by Philco , launched in 1960 , was the world 's first active repeater satellite .
History of the United States Merchant Marine
In 1832 , Secretary of the Treasury Louis McLane ordered in writing for revenue cutters to conduct winter cruises to assist mariners in need , and Congress made the practice an official part of regulations in 1837 . This was the beginning of the lifesaving mission that the later U.S. Coast Guard would be best known for worldwide . The side - wheel paddle steamer SS Great Western was the first purpose - built steamship to initiate regularly scheduled trans - Atlantic crossings , starting in 1838 .
SS Great Britain
After the initial success of its first liner , SS Great Western of 1838 , the Great Western Steamship Company collected materials for a sister ship , tentatively named City of New York . The same engineering team that had collaborated so successfully on Great Western -- Isambard Brunel , Thomas Guppy , Christopher Claxton and William Patterson -- was again assembled . This time however , Brunel , whose reputation was at its height , came to assert overall control over design of the ship -- a state of affairs that would have far - reaching consequences for the company . Construction was carried out in a specially adapted dry dock in Bristol , England .
Dutch East India Company
1609 : Establishment of the Bank of Amsterdam ( Amsterdamsche Wisselbank in Dutch ) , arguably the world 's first central bank . 1610 : An early mechanism of financial regulation practice was the first recorded ban on short selling , by the Dutch authorities . 1611 : The world 's first official / formal stock exchange ( Amsterdam Stock Exchange , or Beurs van Hendrick de Keyser in Dutch ) and stock market were launched by the VOC in Amsterdam . 1611 : The VOC was the first corporation to be ever actually listed on an official / formal stock exchange . In other words , the VOC was the world 's first formally listed public company ( or publicly listed company ) . 1611 : Discovery of the Brouwer Route by the VOC navigator Hendrik Brouwer . 1616 : The VOC navigator Dirk Hartog made the first recorded European landing on the west coast of the Australian continent . 1616 : Hartog Plate , the first known European artefact found on Australian soil ( Dirk Hartog Island ) . 1616 -- 1825 : Establishment of Dutch Suratte by the VOC . 1619 : Establishment of Batavia at the site of the razed city of Jayakarta by the VOC . 1619 : Batavia Castle ( Kasteel van Batavia in Dutch ) was built by the VOC . 1621 : Establishment of the Dutch West India Company ( WIC / GWIC in Dutch ) . 1622 : On January 24 , Amsterdam - based businessman Isaac Le Maire filed a petition against the VOC , marking the first recorded expression of shareholder activism or shareholder rebellion . 1623 : Amboyna massacre . 1624 -- 1634 : Fort Zeelandia / Fort Anping ( Dutch Formosa ) was built by the VOC . 1624 -- 1662 : Tainan ( Dutch Formosa ) , the first urban area to be established in Taiwan . 1627 -- 1825 : Establishment of Dutch Bengal by the VOC . 1627 : The VOC explorers François Thijssen and Pieter Nuyts made the first recorded European landing on the south coast of the Australian continent and charted about 1,800 kilometres of it between Cape Leeuwin and the Nuyts Archipelago .
Parking meter
Holger George Thuesen and Gerald A. Hale designed the first working parking meter , the Black Maria , in 1935 . The History Channel 's ... History 's Lost and Found documents their success in developing the first working parking meter . Thuesen and Hale were engineering professors at Oklahoma State University and began working on the parking meter in 1933 at the request of Oklahoma City , Oklahoma lawyer and newspaper publisher Carl C. Magee . The world 's first installed parking meter was in Oklahoma City on July 16 , 1935 . Magee received a patent for the apparatus on 24 May 1938 .
Batmobile
The first car ever publicly toured as a Batmobile was built several years before the Barris Batmobile of the TV series . It was inspired by DC Comics and was created in 1960 and finished in 1963 by Forrest Robinson of Westmoreland , N.H. using a 1956 Oldsmobile Rocket 88 chassis powered by an Oldsmoblle Rocket 324 cubic inch engine and building a handmade custom body .
First Transcontinental Railroad
The first transcontinental rail passengers arrived at the Pacific Railroad 's original western terminus at the Alameda Mole on September 6 , 1869 where they transferred to the steamer Alameda for transport across the Bay to San Francisco . The road 's rail terminus was moved two months later to the Oakland Long Wharf about a mile to the north . Service between San Francisco and Oakland Pier continued to be provided by ferry .
Bradford
A tram system was begun by Bradford Corporation in 1882 . At first the vehicles were horse - drawn but were replaced by steam - driven trams in 1883 , and by electric vehicles in 1898 . On 20 June 1911 , Britain 's first trolleybus systems opened simultaneously in Bradford , between Laisterdyke and Dudley Hill , and in Leeds . The last service in Bradford -- and Britain -- ceased operation on 26 March 1972 . Ten Bradford trolleybuses are preserved at the Sandtoft Trolleybus Museum . In 1974 Bradford 's municipal buses were taken over by the West Yorkshire Metro . First Bradford and Arriva are the chief operators of buses in Bradford , with some routes using guided buses .