vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
The Raven
The immediate success of `` The Raven '' prompted Wiley and Putnam to publish a collection of Poe 's prose called Tales in June 1845 ; it was his first book in five years . They also published a collection of his poetry called The Raven and Other Poems on November 19 by Wiley and Putnam which included a dedication to Barrett as `` the Noblest of her Sex '' . The small volume , his first book of poetry in 14 years , was 100 pages and sold for 31 cents . In addition to the title poem , it included `` The Valley of Unrest '' , `` Bridal Ballad '' , `` The City in the Sea '' , `` Eulalie '' , `` The Conqueror Worm '' , `` The Haunted Palace '' and eleven others . In the preface , Poe referred to them as `` trifles '' which had been altered without his permission as they made `` the rounds of the press '' .
Christmas elf
In Clement Clarke Moore 's 1823 poem A Visit from St. Nicholas ( more commonly known today as ' Twas the Night Before Christmas ) , Santa Claus himself is described in line 45 as , `` He was chubby and plump , a right jolly old elf . '' Prior to the influence of St. Nicholas in Sweden , the job of giving out gifts was done by the Yule Goat . By 1891 , the saint had become so well known that he could no longer be ignored . He became merged with Tomten , which was previously an elfish / dwarfish farm guardian . Following the work of artist Jenny Nyström , this hybrid figure became known as Jultomten .
Dada
Dada was not confined to the visual and literary arts ; its influence reached into sound and music . Kurt Schwitters developed what he called sound poems , while Francis Picabia and Georges Ribemont - Dessaignes composed Dada music performed at the Festival Dada in Paris on 26 May 1920 . Other composers such as Erwin Schulhoff , Hans Heusser and Alberto Savinio all wrote Dada music , while members of Les Six collaborated with members of the Dada movement and had their works performed at Dada gatherings . Erik Satie also dabbled with Dadaist ideas during his career , although he is primarily associated with musical Impressionism .
Music of the Netherlands
His influence was international . Some of his music appears in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book , which otherwise mainly contains the work of English composers . Sweelinck wrote variations on John Dowland 's internationally famous Lachrimae Pavane , and John Bull , the English keyboard composer , wrote a set of variations on a theme of Sweelinck , indicating the close connection between the different schools of composition across the North Sea .
History of India
The early rulers of this dynasty were Hindu , but the later rulers were strongly influenced by Jainism . Govinda III and Amoghavarsha were the most famous of the long line of able administrators produced by the dynasty . Amoghavarsha , who ruled for 64 years , was also an author and wrote Kavirajamarga , the earliest known Kannada work on poetics . Architecture reached a milestone in the Dravidian style , the finest example of which is seen in the Kailasanath Temple at Ellora . Other important contributions are the sculptures of Elephanta Caves in modern Maharashtra as well as the Kashivishvanatha temple and the Jain Narayana temple at Pattadakal in modern Karnataka , all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites .
Keeping Up with the Kardashians
Goal Auzeen Saedi , reviewing Keeping Up with the Kardashians for Psychology Today , emphasized the show 's influence saying that : `` The Kardashians become more relatable the more famous they become . '' Saedi also questioned their decision to appear on the show and added : `` But if living life in the spotlight is so taxing and demands multiple justifications for the way your life is being lived and criticized , perhaps you can take the cameras out of your house . '' Vinnie Mancuso , writing for New York Observer , criticized the show and felt : `` roughly one iota of shadenfreudic pleasure from this endeavor , but for the most part this show is the 100 % drizzling poops . '' David Hinckley of the New York Daily News , reviewing the tenth season , said that `` even when you think something about the Kardashians could be interesting , it 's not , '' adding that the `` entertainment value ( of the show ) is like having spent 10 years in Rapid City , S.D. , watching the traffic lights change . '' Amy Amatangelo of The Hollywood Reporter said that `` in true Kardashian fashion , they managed to make everything about them , '' after Caitlyn Jenner came out as a trans woman to her family in the `` About Bruce '' special aired as part of the tenth season . Amatangelo felt that the conversations `` seemed a little too staged , too controlled '' , and noted that `` there was no attempt to educate the viewers about transgender issues . '' ``
Romanticism
Romanticism began in Portugal with the publication of the poem Camões ( 1825 ) , by Almeida Garrett , who was raised by his uncle D. Alexandre , bishop of Angra , in the precepts of Arcadism and Neoclasic literature , which can be observed in Almeida Garrett 's early work . The author himself confesses ( in Camões ' preface ) that he voluntarily refused to follow the principles of epic poetry enunciated by Aristotle in his Poetics , as he did the same to Horace 's Ars Poetica . Almeida Garrett had participated in 1820 Liberal Revolution , which caused him to exile himself in England ( 1823 ) , after the Vila - Francada . While living in Great Britain , he contacted with the Romantic movement and read authors such as Shakespeare , Walter Scott , Ossian and Lord Byron , at the same time visiting feudal castles and ruines of Gothic churches and abbeys , which would be reflected in his writings . In 1838 , he presented Um Auto de Gil Vicente ( `` A Play by Gil Vicente '' ) , in an attempt to create a new national theatre , free of Greco - Roman and foreign influence . But his masterpiece would be Frei Luís de Sousa ( 1843 ) , named by himself as a `` Romantic drama '' and it was acclamaid as an excepcional work , dealing with themes as national independence , faith , justice and love . He also interested in Portuguese folkloric verse , which resulted in the publication of Romanceiro ( `` Traditional Portuguese Ballads '' ) ( 1843 ) , that recollect a great number of ancient popular ballads , known as `` romances '' or `` rimances '' , in redondilha maior verse form , that contained stories of chivalry , life of saints , crusades , courtly love , etc . He wrote the novels Viagens na Minha Terra , O Arco de Sant'Ana and Helena .
Charles Dickens
At a time when Britain was the major economic and political power of the world , Dickens highlighted the life of the forgotten poor and disadvantaged within society . Through his journalism he campaigned on specific issues -- such as sanitation and the workhouse -- but his fiction probably demonstrated its greatest prowess in changing public opinion in regard to class inequalities . He often depicted the exploitation and oppression of the poor and condemned the public officials and institutions that not only allowed such abuses to exist , but flourished as a result . His most strident indictment of this condition is in Hard Times ( 1854 ) , Dickens 's only novel - length treatment of the industrial working class . In this work , he uses vitriol and satire to illustrate how this marginalised social stratum was termed `` Hands '' by the factory owners ; that is , not really `` people '' but rather only appendages of the machines they operated . His writings inspired others , in particular journalists and political figures , to address such problems of class oppression . For example , the prison scenes in The Pickwick Papers are claimed to have been influential in having the Fleet Prison shut down . Karl Marx asserted that Dickens `` issued to the world more political and social truths than have been uttered by all the professional politicians , publicists and moralists put together '' . George Bernard Shaw even remarked that Great Expectations was more seditious than Marx 's Das Kapital . The exceptional popularity of Dickens 's novels , even those with socially oppositional themes ( Bleak House , 1853 ; Little Dorrit , 1857 ; Our Mutual Friend , 1865 ) , not only underscored his almost preternatural ability to create compelling storylines and unforgettable characters , but also ensured that the Victorian public confronted issues of social justice that had commonly been ignored . It has been argued that his technique of flooding his narratives with an ' unruly superfluity of material ' that , in the gradual dénouement , yields up an unsuspected order , influenced the organisation of Charles Darwin 's On the Origin of Species .
Whitney Houston
A number of artists have acknowledged Houston as an influence , including Celine Dion , Mariah Carey , Toni Braxton , Lady Gaga , Christina Aguilera , LeAnn Rimes , Jessica Simpson , Nelly Furtado , Kelly Clarkson , Britney Spears , Ciara , P ! nk , Aneeka , Ashanti , Robin Thicke , Jennifer Hudson , Stacie Orrico , Amerie , Destiny 's Child , and Ariana Grande . Mariah Carey , who was often compared to Houston , said , `` She ( Houston ) has been a big influence on me . '' She later told USA Today that `` none of us would sound the same if Aretha Franklin had n't ever put out a record , or Whitney Houston had n't . '' Celine Dion who was the third member of the troika that dominated female pop singing in the 1990s , did a telephone interview with Good Morning America on February 13 , 2012 , saying `` Whitney 's been an amazing inspiration for me . I 've been singing with her my whole career , actually . I wanted to have a career like hers , sing like her , look beautiful like her . '' Beyoncé told the Globe and Mail that Houston `` inspired ( her ) to get up there and do what ( she ) did '' . She also wrote on her website on the day after Houston 's death , `` I , like every singer , always wanted to be just like ( Houston ) . Her voice was perfect . Strong but soothing . Soulful and classic . Her vibrato , her cadence , her control . So many of my life 's memories are attached to a Whitney Houston song . She is our queen and she opened doors and provided a blueprint for all of us . ''
The Imp of the Perverse (short story)
Additionally , scholars and critics suggest that Poe had his own Imp of the Perverse . Poe biographer Jeffrey Meyers suggested that Poe wrote it to justify his own actions of self - torment and self - destruction . James M. Hutchisson says that the work reflects Poe 's jealousy and sense of betrayal that led to his public feud with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and New England literary culture ; the so - called `` Longfellow War '' was occurring at the same time Poe wrote `` The Imp of the Perverse '' . Three months after the story was published , Poe lashed out against Boston 's literary circle by trying to hoax them by reading his obscure poem `` Al Aaraaf '' at a lecture . Biographer Daniel Stashower suggests Poe 's purposeful attempt to provoke his audience and alienate himself further was inspired by his Imp of the Perverse .
Natural selection
Darwin 's ideas , along with those of Adam Smith and Karl Marx , had a profound influence on 19th century thought , including his radical claim that `` elaborately constructed forms , so different from each other , and dependent on each other in so complex a manner '' evolved from the simplest forms of life by a few simple principles . This inspired some of Darwin 's most ardent supporters -- and provoked the strongest opposition . Natural selection had the power , according to Stephen Jay Gould , to `` dethrone some of the deepest and most traditional comforts of Western thought '' , such as the belief that humans have a special place in the world .
Iliad
Homer also came to be of great influence in European culture with the resurgence of interest in Greek antiquity during the Renaissance , and it remains the first and most influential work of the Western canon .
Joey Potter
`` As Joey '' , said Life magazine , `` Holmes has had seismic influences on teen life ... Through it all , Joey has managed to hang on to her integrity ... The show -- and Katie 's character in particular -- has touched a nerve . ''
Battle of Gettysburg
Throughout the campaign , Lee was influenced by the belief that his men were invincible ; most of Lee 's experiences with the Army of Northern Virginia had convinced him of this , including the great victory at Chancellorsville in early May and the rout of the Union troops at Gettysburg on July 1 . Since morale plays an important role in military victory when other factors are equal , Lee did not want to dampen his army 's desire to fight and resisted suggestions , principally by Longstreet , to withdraw from the recently captured Gettysburg to select a ground more favorable to his army . War correspondent Peter W. Alexander wrote that Lee `` acted , probably , under the impression that his troops were able to carry any position however formidable . If such was the case , he committed an error , such however as the ablest commanders will sometimes fall into . '' Lee himself concurred with this judgment , writing to President Davis , `` No blame can be attached to the army for its failure to accomplish what was projected by me , nor should it be censured for the unreasonable expectations of the public -- I am alone to blame , in perhaps expecting too much of its prowess and valor . ''
United States Bill of Rights
The greatest influence on Madison 's text , however , was existing state constitutions . Many of his amendments , including his proposed new preamble , were based on the Virginia Declaration of Rights drafted by Anti-Federalist George Mason in 1776 . To reduce future opposition to ratification , Madison also looked for recommendations shared by many states . He did provide one , however , that no state had requested : `` No state shall violate the equal rights of conscience , or the freedom of the press , or the trial by jury in criminal cases . '' He did not include an amendment that every state had asked for , one that would have made tax assessments voluntary instead of contributions . James
Black Sabbath
Culturally , Black Sabbath have exerted a huge influence in both television and literature and have in many cases become synonymous with heavy metal . In the film Almost Famous , Lester Bangs gives the protagonist an assignment to cover the band ( plot point one ) with the immortal line : ' Give me 500 words on Black Sabbath ' . Contemporary music and arts publication Trebuchet Magazine has put this to practice by asking all new writers to write a short piece ( 500 words ) on Black Sabbath as a means of proving their creativity and voice on a well documented subject .
Eiffel Tower
By 1918 , it had become a symbol of Paris and of France after Guillaume Apollinaire wrote a nationalist poem in the shape of the tower ( a calligram ) to express his feelings about the war against Germany . Today , it is widely considered to be a remarkable piece of structural art , and is often featured in films and literature .
Deion Sanders
Sanders , along with J.M. Black , published his autobiography , Power , Money & Sex : How Success Almost Ruined My Life . World Publishing 1998 . The book was inspired after he began counseling with Bishop T.D. Jakes . He notes his agent Eugene E. Parker as another person who influenced his life .
Napoleon
Napoleon 's influence on the modern world brought liberal reforms to the numerous territories that he conquered and controlled , such as the Low Countries , Switzerland , and large parts of modern Italy and Germany . He implemented fundamental liberal policies in France and throughout Western Europe . His Napoleonic Code has influenced the legal systems of more than 70 nations around the world . British historian Andrew Roberts states : `` The ideas that underpin our modern world -- meritocracy , equality before the law , property rights , religious toleration , modern secular education , sound finances , and so on -- were championed , consolidated , codified and geographically extended by Napoleon . To them he added a rational and efficient local administration , an end to rural banditry , the encouragement of science and the arts , the abolition of feudalism and the greatest codification of laws since the fall of the Roman Empire '' .
Edmond Halley
In 1693 Halley published an article on life annuities , which featured an analysis of age - at - death on the basis of the Breslau statistics Caspar Neumann had been able to provide . This article allowed the British government to sell life annuities at an appropriate price based on the age of the purchaser . Halley 's work strongly influenced the development of actuarial science . The construction of the life - table for Breslau , which followed more primitive work by John Graunt , is now seen as a major event in the history of demography .
Romanticism
American Romanticism embraced the individual and rebelled against the confinement of neoclassicism and religious tradition . The Romantic movement in America created a new literary genre that continues to influence American writers . Novels , short stories , and poems replaced the sermons and manifestos of yore . Romantic literature was personal , intense , and portrayed more emotion than ever seen in neoclassical literature . America 's preoccupation with freedom became a great source of motivation for Romantic writers as many were delighted in free expression and emotion without so much fear of ridicule and controversy . They also put more effort into the psychological development of their characters , and the main characters typically displayed extremes of sensitivity and excitement .
Influence of the French Revolution
It proclaimed the equality of citizens before the law , equality of languages , freedom of thought and faith ; it created a Swiss citizenship , basis of our modern nationality , and the separation of powers , of which the old regime had no conception ; it suppressed internal tariffs and other economic restraints ; it unified weights and measures , reformed civil and penal law , authorized mixed marriages ( between Catholics and Protestants ) , suppressed torture and improved justice ; it developed education and public works .
Latin America
At the turn of the 20th century , modernismo emerged , a poetic movement whose founding text was Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío 's Azul ( 1888 ) . This was the first Latin American literary movement to influence literary culture outside of the region , and was also the first truly Latin American literature , in that national differences were no longer so much at issue . José Martí , for instance , though a Cuban patriot , also lived in Mexico and the United States and wrote for journals in Argentina and elsewhere . Chilean
War of 1812
The British naval guns , mortars and new `` Congreve rockets '' had a longer range than the American cannon onshore . The ships mostly stood out of range of the Americans , who returned very little fire . The fort was not heavily damaged except for a burst over a rear brickwall knocking out some fieldpieces but with few casualties . The British eventually realized that they could not force the passage to attack Baltimore in coordination with the land force . A last ditch night feint and barge attack during a heavy rain storm was led by Capt . Charles Napier around the fort up the Middle Branch of the river to the west . Split and misdirected partly in the storm , it turned back after suffering heavy casualties from the alert gunners of Fort Covington and Battery Babcock . The British called off the attack and sailed downriver to pick up their army , which had retreated from the east side of Baltimore . All the lights were extinguished in Baltimore the night of the attack , and the fort was bombarded for 25 hours . The only light was given off by the exploding shells over Fort McHenry , illuminating the flag that was still flying over the fort . The defence of the fort inspired the American lawyer Francis Scott Key to write `` Defence of Fort M'Henry '' , a poem that was later set to music as `` The Star - Spangled Banner '' .
Charles Dickens
Dickens favoured the style of the 18th century picaresque novels that he found in abundance on his father 's shelves . According to Ackroyd , other than these , perhaps the most important literary influence on him was derived from the fables of The Arabian Nights . Dickens
Public opinion
While the `` two - step '' process regarding public opinion influence has motivated further research on the role of influential persons , a more recent study by Watts and Dodds ( 2007 ) suggests that while influentials play some role in influencing public opinion , `` non-influential '' persons that make up the general public are also just as likely ( if not more likely ) to influence opinion provided that the general public is composed of persons that are easily influenced . This is referred to in their work as the `` Influential Hypothesis . '' The authors discuss such results by using a model to quantify the number of people influenced by both the general public and influentials . The model can be easily customized to represent a variety of ways that influencers interact with each other as well as the general public . In their study , such a model diverges from the prior paradigm of the `` two - step '' process . The Watts and Dodds model introduces a model of influence emphasizing lateral channels of influence between the influencers and general public categories . This thus leads to a more complex flow of influence amongst the three parties involved in influencing public opinion ( i.e. , media , influencers and general public ) . See
James Dean
Numerous commentators have asserted that Dean had a singular influence on the development of rock and roll music . According to David R. Shumway , a researcher in American culture and cultural theory at Carnegie Mellon University , Dean was the first iconic figure of youthful rebellion and `` a harbinger of youth - identity politics '' . The persona Dean projected in his movies , especially Rebel Without a Cause , influenced Elvis Presley and many other musicians who followed , including the American rockers Eddie Cochran and Gene Vincent .
Influence of the French Revolution
By 1793 , the execution of the French king and the onset of the Terror disillusioned the `` Bildungsbürgertum '' ( educated middle classes ) . Reformers said the solution was to have faith in the ability of Germans to reform their laws and institutions in peaceful fashion . The
SpongeBob SquarePants
Although Drymon had a significant influence on SpongeBob SquarePants , he was not initially offered a role on the series . As a late recruit to Rocko 's Modern Life , he had not established much of a relationship with Hillenburg before SpongeBob 's conception . Hillenburg first sought out Drymon 's storyboard partner , Mark O'Hare - but O'Hare had just created the soon - to - be syndicated comic strip , Citizen Dog , and while he would later join SpongeBob as a writer , lacked the time to get involved with both projects at the outset . Drymon has said , `` I remember Hillenburg 's bringing it up to Mark in our office and asking him if he 'd be interested in working on it ... I was all ready to say yes to the offer , but Steve did n't ask ; he just left the room . I was pretty desperate ... so I ran into the hall after him and basically begged him for the job . He did n't jump at the chance . '' Once Hillenburg had given it some thought and decided to bring Drymon on as creative director , the two began meeting at Hillenburg 's house multiple times a week to develop the series . Drymon has identified this period as having begun in 1996 , shortly after the end of Rocko 's Modern Life .