vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
The White Queen (TV series)
Meanwhile , George attempts to control the widowed Anne Neville and obtain sole access to the Neville inheritance by locking her away and threatening her with a convent . Anne 's upset is further increased as Isabel sides with George ; her only friend is the King 's youngest brother , Richard , who eventually snatches Anne from Clarence 's grasp and marries her . The fanatical Margaret Beaufort tries to increase her power by re-marrying to one of King Edward 's closest advisers , Thomas Stanley . 7 `` Poison and Malmsey Wine '' Colin Teague Emma Frost 28 July 2013 ( 2013 - 07 - 28 ) 28 September 2013 4.58 0.896 The brief peace is broken when Edward decides to make war on France , but both George and Richard are horrified when he makes peace in return for financial gain . Both Elizabeth and Anne give birth to sons . George 's frustrations lead him to make a deal with the French king . When his wife Isabel dies , after giving birth to the son he has longed for , he accuses Elizabeth of causing her death by poisoning and employs a sorcerer to work against her `` witchcraft '' and plot the king 's death . Left with no choice , Edward recognizes his brother as a traitor to the crown , and condemns him to death . Duchess Cecily , who greatly favors George above her other sons , pleads with Edward and blames Elizabeth . George selects drowning in a butt of Malmsey wine as the method of execution . Elizabeth finally has her revenge against her father 's and brother 's killer , but it brings her no satisfaction . 8 `` The King is Dead '' `` Long Live the King '' Colin Teague Malcolm Campbell 4 August 2013 ( 2013 - 08 - 04 ) 5 October 2013 4.35 0.910 In 1483 , Edward IV is taken ill . Foreseeing his death , he asks Elizabeth to send for his brother Richard , Duke of Gloucester , whom he appoints Lord Protector . Elizabeth , mistrustful of Gloucester , asks her brother Anthony to arrange for her son , now King Edward V , to be brought to London by his half - brother Richard Grey ; they are intercepted by Gloucester and the young king is taken to the Tower of London .
History of Wells Fargo
On November 10 , 1966 , Wells Fargo 's board of directors elected Richard P. Cooley president and CEO . At 42 , Cooley was one of the youngest men to head a major bank . Stephen Chase became chairman . Cooley 's rise to the top had been a quick one . Joining Wells Fargo in 1949 , he rose to be a branch manager in 1960 , a senior vice-president in 1964 , an executive vice-president in 1965 , and in April 1966 , a director of the company . A year later Cooley enticed Ernest C. Arbuckle , dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business , to join Wells Fargo 's board as chairman when Chase retired in January 1968 .
Restoration (England)
Of the eleven Protectorate baronetcies , two had been previously granted by Charles I during the Civil War -- but under Commonwealth legislation they were not recognised under the Protectorate ( hence the Lord Protector 's regranting of them ) , however when that legislation passed into oblivion these two baronets were entitled to use the baronetcies granted by Charles I -- and Charles II regranted four more . Only one now continues : Sir Richard Thomas Willy , 14th baronet , is the direct successor of Sir Griffith Williams . Of the remaining Protectorate baronets one , Sir William Ellis , was granted a knighthood by Charles II .
History of hip-hop dance
According to hip - hop activist Afrika Bambaataa and b - boy Richard `` Crazy Legs '' Colón , the purest hip - hop dance style , breaking ( commonly called `` breakdancing '' ) , began in the early 1970s as elaborations on how James Brown danced to his song `` Get on the Good Foot '' . People mimicked these moves in their living rooms , in hallways , and at parties . It was at these parties that breaking flourished and developed with the help of a young Clive Campbell . Campbell , better known as DJ Kool Herc , was a Jamaican - born DJ who frequently spun records at neighborhood teenage parties in the Bronx . Jeff Chang , in his book Ca n't Stop Wo n't Stop ( 2005 ) , describes DJ Kool Herc 's eureka moment in this way :
Native Son
Native Son First edition Author Richard Wright Country United States Language English Genre African American literature , Social protest novel Publisher Harper & Brothers Publication date March 1 , 1940 Media type Print ( hardback & paperback ) OCLC 61277693 Dewey Decimal 813.52
Loyalist (American Revolution)
John Bacon ( died 1783 ) , New Jersey privateer and marauder who preyed on Patriots in and around the Pine Barrens and South East New Jersey Thomas Henry Barclay ( 1753 -- 1830 ) , New York City lawyer and later Governor of Nova Scotia Dr. Richard Bayley ( 1745 -- 1801 ) , New York physician and father of American - born saint Elizabeth Ann Seton Rev. John Beardsley ( 1732 -- 1809 ) , Anglican minister in Poughkeepsie , New York and Fishkill , New York who , in 1778 , he served as chaplain to Beverley Robinson 's Loyal American Regiment Joseph Bettys , resident of the Town of Ballston , New York ; hanged as a spy in 1782 Christopher Billopp ( c. 1738 -- March 29 , 1827 ) , Staten Island resident who commanded a Tory detachment Sampson Salter Blowers ( March 10 , 1742 -- October 25 , 1842 ) , Boston , Massachusetts attorney Amos Botsford ( 1744 -- 1812 ) , Yale College graduate and judge Jonathan Boucher ( 1738 -- 1804 ) , Church of England priest in Maryland and Virginia and tutor to John Parke Custis , the stepson of George Washington William Augustus Bowles ( 1763 -- 1805 ) , also known as Estajoca , served with the Maryland Loyalist Battalion and was a Maryland - born English adventurer and organizer of Native American attempts to create their own state outside of Euro - American control . Joseph Brant Thayendenegea ( 1743 -- 1807 ) , Mohawk war leader Molly Brant ( c. 1736 -- 1796 ) , also known as Mary Brant , Konwatsi'tsiaienni , and Degonwadonti ; influential Mohawk leader and sister of Joseph Brant Thomas Brown ( 1750 -- 1825 ) , LTC commanding King 's Rangers in Georgia Brigadier General Montfort Browne ( fl. 1760 -- 1780 ) , commanding Prince of Wales American Regiment , 1777 William Bull II ( 1710 -- 1791 ) , lieutenant governor of the province of South Carolina , 1759 -- 1775 Colonel John Butler ( 1728 -- 1796 ) , commanded Butler 's Rangers in the Mohawk Valley Walter Butler ( 1752 -- 1781 ) , Captain in Butler 's Rangers ; son of John Butler Rev. Mather Byles ( 1706 -- 1788 ) , Harvard graduate and prominent Boston clergyman
Theses on the Philosophy of History
According to Benjamin , `` Historicism depicts the ' eternal ' picture of the past ; the historical materialist , an experience with it , which stands alone '' ( Thesis XVI ) . Benjamin argues against the idea of an `` eternal picture '' of history and prefers the idea of history as a self - standing experience . Thus , Benjamin states `` To articulate the past historically does not mean to recognize it ' the way it really was . ' It means to seize hold of a memory as it flashes up at a moment of danger '' ( Thesis VI ) .
Serial killer
In his 1886 book Psychopathia Sexualis , psychiatrist Richard von Krafft - Ebing noted a case of a serial murderer in the 1870s , a Frenchman named Eusebius Pieydagnelle who had a sexual obsession with blood and confessed to murdering six people .
History of the United Kingdom
Part of the agreement which led to the Act of Union 1800 stipulated that the Penal Laws in Ireland were to be repealed and Catholic Emancipation granted . However , King George III blocked emancipation . A campaign under Daniel O'Connell led to the concession of Catholic Emancipation in 1829 , allowing Catholics to sit in Parliament .
Nine Years' War
The war had allowed William III to destroy militant Jacobitism and helped bring Scotland and Ireland under more direct control . England emerged as a great economic and naval power and became an important player in European affairs , allowing her to use her wealth and energy in world politics to the fullest advantage . William III also continued to prioritise the security of the Dutch Republic , and in 1698 the Dutch garrisoned a series of fortresses in the Spanish Netherlands as a barrier to French attack -- future foreign policy would centre on the maintenance and extension of these barrier fortresses . However , the question of the Spanish inheritance was not discussed at Ryswick , and it remained the most important unsolved question of European politics . Within three years Charles II of Spain would be dead , and Louis XIV and the Grand Alliance would again plunge Europe into conflict -- the War of the Spanish Succession .
History of McDonald's
2002 : McDonald 's introduces a new menu board design featuring realistic photos of its products against a blue - white gradient background . 2003 : James Richard Cantalupo is elected Chairman and Chief Operating Officer , succeeding Jack M. Greenberg . Just prior to assuming his post Cantalupo shuts down Project Innovate , a global consulting project that had already spent $170 million of a projected 5 - year budget of $1.2 billion . 2003 : McDonald 's starts a global marketing campaign which promotes a new healthier and higher - quality image . The campaign was labeled `` I 'm lovin ' it '' and begins simultaneously in more than 100 countries around the world . 2003 : According to Technomic , a market research firm , McDonald 's share of the U.S. market had fallen three percentage points in five years and was at 15.2 % . 2003 : The firm reports a $126 M USD loss for the fourth quarter . 2003 : McDonald 's introduces their premium salads , the McGriddles and the chicken selects . 2004 : Morgan Spurlock directs and stars in Super Size Me , a documentary film in which he eats nothing but McDonald 's food for 30 days to the supposed detriment of his health . 2004 : After the release of Super Size Me , McDonald 's does away with their Supersize options . 2004 : Chairman and CEO Jim Cantalupo dies suddenly at the age of 60 in his hotel room of an apparent heart attack while attending the annual franchisee convention in Orlando , FL on April 19 . A 30 - year veteran of the organization , Cantalupo had previously served as President and CEO of McDonald 's International . He is credited with introducing the premium salad line and reformulating Chicken McNuggets to include leaner , all - white meat . Andrew J. McKenna , Sr. , a prominent Chicago businessman and a McDonald 's director , is elected Nonexecutive Chairman , and Charlie Bell of Sydney , Australia , is elected President and CEO of McDonald 's Corporation . A month later Bell is diagnosed with colorectal cancer during a physical exam required for his new post and dies in January of the next year . Like retired chairman and former CEO Fred L. Turner , Bell began his McDonald 's career as a crew member .
List of Cars characters
He returns in Cars 3 as the crew chief of his nephew and new Dinoco racer Cal Weathers with Richard Petty reprising his role as the voice of The King .
Salt Lake City
Explorer , ethnologist , and author Richard Francis Burton traveled by coach in the summer of 1860 to document life in Great Salt Lake City . He was granted unprecedented access during his three - week visit , including audiences with President Brigham Young and other contemporaries of Joseph Smith . The records of his visit include sketches of early city buildings , a description of local geography and agriculture , commentary on its politics and social order , essays , speeches , and sermons from Brigham Young , Isaac Morley , George Washington Bradley and other prominent leaders , and snapshots of everyday life such as newspaper clippings and the menu from a high - society ball . Men
List of Cars characters
Strip Weathers , better known as The King , is a `` Dinoco - blue '' veteran racecar and racing legend voiced by NASCAR Hall of Famer Richard Petty . Weathers is an anthropomorphic version of Petty 's aerodynamic 1970 Plymouth Superbird , sporting same shade of blue and Petty 's racecar number , 43 . He is one of the racecars in the 2006 Piston Cup three - way tie , along with Chick Hicks and Lightning McQueen . His sponsor ( Dinoco ) , like Petty 's ( STP ) , is a well - known oil company . Richard
Bradford
A social reformer who campaigned against child labour , Richard Oastler ( 1789 -- 1861 ) , is commemorated by a statue in Northgate and the Oastler Shopping Centre located close to the Kirkgate Shopping Centre W.E. Forster ( 1818 -- 1886 ) , was MP for Bradford and , commemorated by statue , is the namesake of Forster Square .
Novel
Stories of witty cheats were an integral part of the European novella with its tradition of fabliaux . Significant examples include Till Eulenspiegel ( 1510 ) , Lazarillo de Tormes ( 1554 ) , Grimmelshausen 's Simplicissimus Teutsch ( 1666 -- 1668 ) and in England Richard Head 's The English Rogue ( 1665 ) . The tradition that developed with these titles focused on a hero and his life . The adventures led to satirical encounters with the real world with the hero either becoming the pitiable victim or the rogue who exploited the vices of those he met .
The Three Stooges
In 1959 , Comedy III Productions ( later , C3 Entertainment ) was formed by Moe , Larry and Joe DeRita to manage all business and merchandise transactions . Now controlled by DeRita 's heirs , C3 Entertainment has since diversified into a brand management company licensing personality rights to various nostalgia acts , including The Three Stooges .
Dale Earnhardt
A common misconception is that Richard Childress Racing `` owns the rights '' to the No. 3 in NASCAR competition ( fueled by the fact that Kevin Harvick 's car has a little No. 3 as an homage to Earnhardt and the usage of the No. 3 on the Camping World Series truck of Ty Dillon ) , but in fact no team owns the rights to this or any other number . However , according to established NASCAR procedures , RCR would have priority over other teams if and when the time came to reuse the number . RCR owns the stylized No. 3 logos used during Earnhardt 's lifetime ; however these rights may not prevent a future racing team from using a different No. 3 design ( also , a new No. 3 team would most likely , in any case , need to create logos which fit with their sponsor 's logos ) .
Dale Earnhardt
Richard Childress Racing entered a No. 3 in the Daytona truck race on February 13 , 2010 , painted identically to when Earnhardt drove it , but with a sponsorship from Bass Pro Shops . It was driven by A. Dillon . It was involved in a wreck almost identical to that which took the life of Earnhardt : being spun out , colliding with another vehicle , and being turned into the outside wall in turn number four . Dillon again returned to a number 3 marked racecar when he started fifth in the 2012 Daytona Nationwide Series opener in an Advocare sponsored black Chevrolet Impala . On December 11 , 2013 , RCR announced that A. Dillon would drive the No. 3 car in the upcoming 2014 Sprint Cup season , bringing the number back to the series for the first time in 13 years .
Williams sisters
Richard has said that racial epithets were used against him and Venus as they sat in the stands during the final , but no official complaints were recorded by the tournament . Venus and Serena have been criticized for refusing to discuss the controversy , as some believe that their silence perpetuates racism .
List of Game of Thrones characters
Night King ( season 4 -- present ) portrayed by Richard Brake in seasons 4 and 5 , and Vladimir `` Furdo '' Furdik from season 6 , the Night King is the first of and leader of the White Walkers . He converts Craster 's baby sons into White Walkers for his army , and later leads an all - out assault on Hardhome , a wildling settlement . In the ensuing massacre , he witnesses Jon Snow slay one of his lieutenants . In the aftermath , the Night King revives all of the fallen as wights for his army , while sharing a long glance with Jon . The Night King first appeared in Oathkeeper but was not identified until Hardhome . In season 6 , it is revealed through a vision by Bran Stark that the Night King was once of the First Men , the first humans to migrate to Westeros . However , during their wars with the Children of the Forest , the man was kidnapped and forcibly converted into the first White Walker . The Children intended to use them as weapons against the First Men ; however , under the Night King 's leadership , the White Walkers have since gone rogue . The Night King later leads an assault at the cave of the three - eyed raven after breaking its magical seal , where he personally kills the three - eyed raven . In season 7 the Night King throws a spear of ice which kills Daenerys ' dragon Viserion . He touches the dragon and turns it into a wight . When his army reaches the Wall , he rides on Viserion 's back as the dragon 's blue fire destroys the Wall . Three - eyed Raven ( season 4 , 6 ) portrayed by Struan Rodger in season 4 , and Max von Sydow in season 6 , Max von Sydow , is a figure who appears in Bran Stark 's dreams , following his fall and injury . In Bran 's dreams , the raven appears to be trying to lead him into the Stark family crypt , predicting his father 's death . In Season 3 he keeps appearing in Bran 's dreams and wants him to follow him . In season 4 , Bran finally finds him , in the form of a wise old man , who promises to help Bran learn to fly .
Flag of Portugal
Afonso III of Portugal was not the eldest son , therefore heraldic practices stated he should not take his father 's arms without adding a personal variation . Before becoming king , Afonso was married to Matilda II of Boulogne but her inability to provide him with a royal heir led Afonso to divorce her , in 1253 . He then married Beatrice of Castile , an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso X of Castile . It is more likely that it was this family connection with Castile ( his mother was also Castilian ) that justified the new heraldic addition to the royal arms -- a red bordure charged with an undetermined number of yellow castles -- rather than the definitive conquest of the Algarve and its Moorish fortresses , considering that the number of castles was only fixed in the late 16th century .
Medici: Masters of Florence
Medici : Masters of Florence Genre Historical fiction Created by Frank Spotnitz Nicholas Meyer Starring Richard Madden Stuart Martin Annabel Scholey Guido Caprino Alessandro Sperduti Ken Bones Lex Shrapnel Daniel Caltagirone Valentina Bellè Alessandro Preziosi Eugenio Franceschini Sarah Felberbaum Miriam Leone Michael Schermi Tatjana Nardone Valentina Cervi Brian Cox Dustin Hoffman Sean Bean Daniel Sharman Bradley James Julian Sands Sebastian de Souza Raul Bova Sarah Parish Alessandra Mastronardi Opening theme Renaissance ( From `` Medici : Masters of Florence '' ) by Paolo Buonvino & Skin ( musician ) Composer ( s ) Paolo Buonvino Country of origin Italy United Kingdom No. of series No. of episodes 8 Production Executive producer ( s ) Frank Spotnitz Luca Bernabei Matilde Bernabei Producer ( s ) Fania Petrocchi Running time 52 minutes Production company ( s ) Lux Vide Big Light Productions Rai Fiction Release Original network Rai 1 ( Italy ) Original release 18 October 2016 ( 2016 - 10 - 18 ) -- present External links Website
History of the Church of England
Part of a series on Reformation Ninety - five Theses Precursors ( show ) Arnold of Brescia and Arnoldists Peter Waldo and Waldensians Girolamo Savonarola John Wycliffe and Lollardy William Tyndale Jan Hus and Hussites Beginning ( show ) Ninety - five Theses Diet of Worms Luther Bible Iconoclasm Magisterials Radicals Contributing factors ( show ) Western Schism Avignon Papacy Bohemian Reformation Northern Renaissance Humanism Johann Reuchlin German mysticism Johannes Gutenberg and his printing press Erasmus Propaganda Art Theologies of seminal figures ( show ) Theology of Martin Luther Theology of Huldrych Zwingli Theology of John Calvin Protestant Reformers ( show ) Martin Luther Philip Melanchthon Huldrych Zwingli John Calvin Martin Bucer Theodore Beza Heinrich Bullinger Peter Martyr Vermigli William Farel John Knox Roger Williams Thomas Müntzer Balthasar Hubmaier Andreas Karlstadt Menno Simons Thomas Cranmer Richard Hooker Many others Major political leaders ( show ) Henry VIII of England Elizabeth I of England Oliver Cromwell James VI and I William the Silent Gaspard II de Coligny Henry IV of France Jeanne d'Albret Stephen Bocskai Gabriel Bethlen Gustav II Adolf Frederick V , Elector Palatine Philip I of Hesse Frederick III , Elector of Saxony John Frederick I , Elector of Saxony By location ( show ) Germany Switzerland ( Geneva / Zürich ) England Scotland Netherlands Czech Lands Slovakia Hungary Romania Slovenia Denmark -- Norway and Holstein Sweden and Finland Iceland Estonia and Latvia Austria France Italy Poland - Lithuania Ireland Political and religious conflicts ( show ) Thirty Years ' War French Wars of Religion Eighty Years ' War War of the Three Kingdoms German Peasants ' War Wars of Kappel Schmalkaldic War Opposition ( show ) Catholic Church Council of Trent Anti-Protestantism Criticism of Protestantism Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II , Holy Roman Emperor Conclusion ( show ) Peace of Westphalia Rise of Pietism No end thesis Commemoration ( show ) Reformation Day Reformation Wall Lutheran commemorations Anglican commemorations Protestantism
Mali Empire
The most defining moment in Mahmud Keita III 's reign is arguably the final conflict between Mali and Songhai in 1545 . Songhai forces under Askia Ishaq 's brother , Daoud , sack Niani and occupy the palace . Mansa Mahmud Keita III is forced to flee Niani for the mountains . Within a week , he regroups with his forces and launches a successful counter-attack forcing the Songhai out of Manden proper for good . The Songhai Empire keeps Mali 's ambitions in check , but never fully conquers the empire , their former masters .
California High-Speed Rail
Dan Richard , chair of the Authority , says in an interview with James Fallows that he believes approval levels will increase when people can start seeing progress , and trains start running on the tracks .
In-N-Out Burger
In 2006 , a lawsuit exposed a possible family feud over the chain 's corporate leadership . Richard Boyd , one of In - N - Out 's vice presidents and co-trustee of two - thirds of the company stock , accused Lynsi Martinez and allied corporate executives of trying to force out Esther Snyder and attempting to fire Boyd unreasonably . Pre-empting the suit , Martinez , Snyder and Taylor appeared in a December video message to employees , telling them not to believe everything they hear . The company then responded with a lawsuit of its own , alleging Boyd had construction work done on his personal property and charged it to the company , as well as favoring contractors with uncompetitive bids . Boyd was then suspended from his role as co-trustee and Northern Trust Bank of California took his place ( as co-trustee ) until a hearing set for May 10 , 2006 . However , in April , the judge dismissed two of In - N - Out 's claims against Boyd . A trial date of October 17 , 2006 , was set but never occurred , and a settlement was reached out of court . Ultimately , Boyd was permanently removed from his role as an employee and co-trustee .
Hundred Years' War
On 26 January 1340 , Edward III formally received homage from Guy , half - brother of the Count of Flanders . The civic authorities of Ghent , Ypres and Bruges proclaimed Edward King of France . Edward 's purpose was to strengthen his alliances with the Low Countries . His supporters would be able to claim that they were loyal to the `` true '' King of France and were not rebels against Philip . In February 1340 , Edward returned to England to try to raise more funds and also deal with political difficulties .