vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Thirteen Colonies
Beginning in the 1650s , the English and Dutch engaged in a series of wars , and the English sought to conquer New Netherland . Richard Nicolls captured the lightly defended New Amsterdam in 1664 , and his subordinates quickly captured the remainder of New Netherland . The 1667 Treaty of Breda ended the Second Anglo - Dutch War and confirmed English control of the region . The Dutch briefly regained control of parts of New Netherland in the Third Anglo - Dutch War , but surrendered claim to the territory in the 1674 Treaty of Westminster , ending the Dutch colonial presence in North America .
The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night
A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights ' Entertainments , Now Entituled ( sic ) The Book of The Thousand Nights and a Night ; With Introduction Explanatory Notes on the Manners and Customs of Moslem Men and a Terminal Essay upon the History of the Nights by Richard F. Burton ; Benares : MDCCCLXXXV : Printed by the Kamashastra Society for Private Subscribers Only . First series of 1885 in ten volumes . No illustrations . Supplemental series of 1886 -- 88 in six volumes . No illustrations . An identical ' Burton Club ' London edition of 1000 individually numbered sets of 17 volumes dated 1885 - 8 was also published , dedicated by Burton to the great Shakespearean actor Henry Irving .
History of Mexico
France never made a profit in Mexico and its Mexican expedition grew increasingly unpopular . Finally in the spring of 1865 , after the US Civil War was over , the US demanded the withdrawal of French troops from Mexico . Napoleon III quietly complied . In mid-1867 , despite repeated Imperial losses in battle to the Republican Army and ever decreasing support from Napoleon III , Maximilian chose to remain in Mexico rather than return to Europe . He was captured and executed along with two Mexican supporters , immortalized in a famous painting by Eduard Manet . Juárez remained in office until his death in 1872 .
History of chemistry
In the mid-twentieth century , control of the electronic structure of semiconductor materials was made precise by the creation of large ingots of extremely pure single crystals of silicon and germanium . Accurate control of their chemical composition by doping with other elements made the production of the solid state transistor in 1951 and made possible the production of tiny integrated circuits for use in electronic devices , especially computers .
Overthrow of the Roman monarchy
Roman history held that seven kings of Rome reigned from the establishment of the city in 753 BC by Romulus up to the reign of Tarquinius . The accuracy of this account has been doubted by modern historians , although it appears to be accepted that there was a monarchy , and the last king Tarquinius was expelled upon the founding of the republic in the late 6th century BC .
Git
It is slightly more costly to examine the change history of one file than the whole project . To obtain a history of changes affecting a given file , Git must walk the global history and then determine whether each change modified that file . This method of examining history does , however , let Git produce with equal efficiency a single history showing the changes to an arbitrary set of files . For example , a subdirectory of the source tree plus an associated global header file is a very common case . Renames are handled implicitly rather than explicitly . A common complaint with CVS is that it uses the name of a file to identify its revision history , so moving or renaming a file is not possible without either interrupting its history , or renaming the history and thereby making the history inaccurate . Most post-CVS revision control systems solve this by giving a file a unique long - lived name ( analogous to an inode number ) that survives renaming . Git does not record such an identifier , and this is claimed as an advantage . Source code files are sometimes split or merged , or simply renamed , and recording this as a simple rename would freeze an inaccurate description of what happened in the ( immutable ) history . Git addresses the issue by detecting renames while browsing the history of snapshots rather than recording it when making the snapshot . ( Briefly , given a file in revision N , a file of the same name in revision N − 1 is its default ancestor . However , when there is no like - named file in revision N − 1 , Git searches for a file that existed only in revision N − 1 and is very similar to the new file . ) However , it does require more CPU - intensive work every time the history is reviewed , and several options to adjust the heuristics are available . This mechanism does not always work ; sometimes a file that is renamed with changes in the same commit is read as a deletion of the old file and the creation of a new file . Developers can work around this limitation by committing the rename and the changes separately .
History of the United States (1945–64)
The very close 1960 election pitted Republican Vice President Richard Nixon against the Democrat John F. Kennedy . Historians have explained Kennedy 's victory in terms of an economic recession , the numerical dominance of 17 million more registered Democrats than Republicans , the votes that Kennedy gained among Catholics practically matched the votes Nixon gained among Protestants , Kennedy 's better organization , and Nixon 's superior campaigning skills . Nixon 's emphasis on his experience carried little weight , and he wasted energy by campaigning in all 50 states instead of concentrating on the swing states . Kennedy used his large , well - funded campaign organization to win the nomination , secure endorsements , and with the aid of the last of the big - city bosses , to get out the vote in the big cities . He relied on Johnson to hold the South and used television effectively . Kennedy was the first Catholic to run for president since Al Smith 's ill - fated campaign in 1928 . Voters were polarized on religious grounds , but Kennedy 's election was a transforming event for Catholics , who finally realized they were accepted in America , and it marked the virtual end of anti-Catholicism as a political force . Presidency
Nairobi
Uhuru Kenyatta , ( born 1961 ) , the 4th President of Kenya Edi Gathegi , ( born 1979 ) , Hollywood actor . Richard Dawkins , ( born 1941 ) , British ethologist and evolutionary biologist Chris Froome , ( born 1985 ) , British cyclist , winner of the Tour de France in 2013 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 Sharon Laws , ( born 1974 ) , British cyclist Richard Leakey , ( born 1944 ) , paleoanthropologist McDonald Mariga , ( born 1987 ) , footballer Mercy Apondi Obiero , ( born 1978 ) , weightlifter Christina Odone , ( born 1960 ) , British - Italian journalist Wangechi Mutu , ( born 1972 ) , Brooklyn - based Kenyan artist and sculptor Dennis Oliech , ( born 1985 ) , footballer George Owino , ( born 1981 ) , footballer Simon Shaw , ( born 1973 ) , English rugby union national team Victor Wanyama , ( born 1991 ) , footballer Roger Whittaker , ( born 1936 ) , British singer and songwriter Evans Kidero , ( born 1957 ) , the 1st Governor of Nairobi Peter Kenneth , ( born 1965 ) , politician Kiran Shah , ( born 1956 ) Kenyan - Indian actor and stuntman Philippa Gregory , ( born 1954 ) British novelist Simon King , ( born 1962 ) British television presenter and cameraman Arap Bethke , ( born 1980 ) Mexican actor Gurinder Chadha , ( born 1960 ) British film director Charles Mnene , ( born 1985 ) Kenyan - British actor Zena Marshall , ( born 1926 ) British actress
Gerardus Mercator
In 1564 Mercator published his map of Britain , a map of greatly improved accuracy which far surpassed any of his previous representations . The circumstances were unusual . It is the only map without a dedicatee and in the text engraved on the map he pointedly denies responsibility for the map 's authorship and claims that he is merely engraving and printing it for a `` very good friend '' . The identity of neither the author nor the friend has been established but it has been suggested that the map was created by a Scottish Catholic priest called John Elder who smuggled it to French clergy known to Antoine Perrenot , Mercator 's friend . Mercator 's reticence shows that he was clearly aware of the political nature of the pro-Catholic map which showed all the Catholic religious foundations and omitted those created by Protestant Henry VIII ; moreover it was engraved with text demeaning the history of England and praising that of Catholic Ireland and Scotland . It was invaluable as an accurate guide for the planned Catholic invasion of England by Phillip II of Spain . Lotharingia
The Long Walk
The Long Walk First edition cover Author Stephen King ( as Richard Bachman ) Country United States Language English Genre Psychological horror Dystopia Publisher Signet Books Publication date July 1979 Media type Print ( Paperback ) Pages 384 ISBN 978 - 0 - 451 - 08754 - 6
Musical theatre
The Belle of New York ( 1898 ) became the first American musical to run for over a year in London . The British musical comedy Florodora ( 1899 ) was a popular success on both sides of the Atlantic , as was A Chinese Honeymoon ( 1901 ) , which ran for a record - setting 1,074 performances in London and 376 in New York . After the turn of the 20th century , Seymour Hicks joined forces with Edwardes and American producer Charles Frohman to create another decade of popular shows . Other enduring Edwardian musical comedy hits included The Arcadians ( 1909 ) and The Quaker Girl ( 1910 ) .
Guns N' Roses
After more than a decade of work and several lineup changes , Guns N ' Roses released the long - awaited album Chinese Democracy ( 2008 ) which , at an estimated $14 million in production costs , is the most expensive rock album to ever be produced in music history . It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 but undersold industry expectations , despite mostly positive critical reception . Former members Slash and McKagan both rejoined the band in 2016 , embarking on the Not in This Lifetime ... Tour . The tour is currently the fourth highest - grossing concert tour of all - time , grossing over $480 million by December 2017 .
Aham Sharma
In the period drama film about the Indo - China War , 1962 My Country Land , he played an Army Lance Naik who is given the responsibility for mapping , along the Indo - China border .
2017–18 NBA season
The Golden State Warriors and Minnesota Timberwolves played two preseason games in China , at Shenzhen on October 5 and Shanghai on October 8 . Minnesota won the first game 111 -- 97 , while Golden State emerged victorious in the second one , 142 -- 110 .
Chow mein
Chinese food ( Chifa ) is very popular in Peru and is now a part of mainstream Peruvian culture . Chow mein is known to Peruvians as Tallarín salteado and may contain peppers , onions , green onions , and tomatoes .
Freaky Friday (song)
The music video parodies the 2003 film Freaky Friday and features cameos from Jimmy Tatro , Ed Sheeran , DJ Khaled and Kendall Jenner . As of August 2018 , the video had over 380 million views on YouTube . The video shows Lil Dicky at a Chinese restaurant , similar to the 2003 film , Freaky Friday , where a character is at a Chinese restaurant and wishes she was somebody else . In the music video , Lil Dicky is approached by a fan , played by Jimmy Tatro , who mentions he is a fan of his work . He then explains to his girlfriend who he is accompanied by that he is a comedic rapper , who is not that impressive of a rapper . Lil Dicky then says to himself he wishes he was somebody who could dance , and who had credibility . The camera then pans to Chris Brown on TV , mentioning he wishes he was somebody else as well . The Chinese waiter takes note of it , and gives Lil Dicky a fortune cookie . The video then shows Lil Dicky , supposedly in the body of Chris Brown , and vice versa . The song illustrates the two in each others ' bodies . Towards the end , the two are about to fight , and they realize they should not kill each other , and instead love each other . They realize that this will set them back to their original form . The video then ends with cameos from Ed Sheeran , DJ Khaled and Kendall Jenner , where Lil Dicky is then in possession in all of their bodies .
Alice (TV series)
Although he had a fairly loyal clientele , Mel 's food and cooking were constantly criticized by his waitresses and customers alike -- especially Henry , who always blamed it for his indigestion . However , Mel 's chili was popular and became a plot point of several episodes . During the first season , a newspaper food critic ( played by Victor Buono ) dropped dead while eating Mel 's chili , but it turned out that tainted Peking Duck from a Chinese restaurant was to blame . Guest star Art Carney in one episode was to be the spokesperson for retail distribution of Mel 's Chili ( `` Chili con Carney '' ) but backed out when he discovered Vera was a distant relative with part ownership in the venture . The popularity of Mel 's Chili also led to an appearance on Dinah Shore 's talk show , which led to some bickering among the waitresses because Mel could take only one person along , but everyone ended up going . Mel refused to reveal his `` secret ingredient '' to Dinah and her TV audience during the cooking demonstration .
Japanese cuisine
Chinese - style wheat noodles served in a meat stock broth known as ramen have become extremely popular over the last century .
Jack the Giant Slayer
Jack the Giant Slayer premiered on Tuesday , February 26 , 2013 at TCL Chinese Theatre in Hollywood , California .
Industrial Revolution
China was the world 's most technological advanced country for many centuries ; however , China stagnated economically and technologically and was surpassed by Western Europe before the Age of Exploration , by which time China banned imports and denied entry to foreigners . China was also a totalitarian society . Modern estimates of per capita income on Western Europe in the late 18th century are of roughly 1,500 dollars in purchasing power parity ( and Britain had a per capita income of nearly 2,000 dollars ) whereas China , by comparison , had only 450 dollars . India was essentially feudal , politically fragmented and not as economically advanced as Western Europe .
Out of the Furnace
The film premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre on November 9 , 2013 in Hollywood , California as part of the American Film Institute 's AFI Fest . It received a limited release in Los Angeles and New York City on December 4 , 2013 , followed by a wide theatrical release in the U.S. on December 6 . Director Scott Cooper won the award for best first or second film for Out of the Furnace at the 2013 Rome Film Festival .
Vermont
Burlington , Vermont 's largest city , hosts the annual Vermont International Film Festival in October , that presents 10 days of independent film from the US and around the world . The Brattleboro - based Vermont Theatre Company presents an annual summer Shakespeare festival . Brattleboro also hosts the summertime Strolling of the Heifers parade which celebrates Vermont 's dairy culture . The annual Green Mountain Film Festival is held in Montpelier .
Denver
The Dragon Boat Festival in July , Moon Festival in September and Chinese New Year are annual events in Denver for the Chinese and Asian residents . Chinese hot pot ( huo guo ) and Korean BBQ restaurants have been growing in popularity . The Denver area has 2 Chinese newspapers , the Chinese American Post and the Colorado Chinese News .
The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism
The Religion of China : Confucianism and Taoism Author Max Weber Original title Konfuzianismus und Taoismus Country Germany Language German Genre Sociology of religion Publication date 1915 Published in English 1951
Furious 7
The film was a massive box office hit in China . It opened there on April 12 and set an all - time midnight run record with $8.05 million and an opening day record with $68.8 million . Its opening day included a record breaking $5 million from IMAX run ( also breaking Transformers 4 's former record of $3.4 million ) . Through its opening week ( April 12 -- 19 ) , it earned $245.9 million . For the weekend alone , it took in $88.7 million from 5,454 screens ( Friday to Sunday ) and $182.4 million ( Monday to Sunday ) at the Chinese box office . It grossed CN ¥ 1 billion in five days -- the fastest time in which that has been achieved -- and soon became the highest - grossing foreign film ever in China . In 15 days , its gross in China surpassed those in Canada and the United States and became the first film in China to make more than 2 billion renminbi . Its success has been credited to China Film Group Corporation , the state - owned film distributor , which had invested considerably in the film , reportedly taking a 10 % stake .
One-child policy
However , the `` little emperor syndrome '' and additional expressions , describing the generation of Chinese singletons are very abundant in the Chinese media , Chinese academia and popular discussions . Being over-indulged , lacking self - discipline and having no adaptive capabilities are traits that are highly associated with Chinese singletons .
Guns N' Roses
Also in February 2007 , the ' final ' version of `` Better '' leaked online to positive reviews . On May 4 , 2007 , three more tracks leaked from Chinese Democracy ; an updated version of `` I.R.S. '' , `` The Blues '' and the title track . All three tracks had previously been played live . Guns N ' Roses embarked on the 2007 leg of the Chinese Democracy World Tour in Mexico in June , followed by dates in Australia and Japan . The songs `` Nice Boys '' and `` Do n't Cry '' ( appearing as an instrumental Bumblefoot solo ) were played for the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour . The tour ended on the twentieth anniversary of Appetite for Destruction 's release date , in Osaka . During this tour , the band featured vocalist Axl Rose , Robin Finck , Ron Thal and Richard Fortus on guitars , Tommy Stinson on bass , Dizzy Reed and Chris Pitman on keyboards and Frank Ferrer on drums . Drummer
Lithuania
Lithuania has some very famous theatre directors well known in the country and abroad . One of them is Oskaras Koršunovas . He was awarded more than forty times with special prizes . Possibly most prestigious award is Swedish Commander Grand Cross : Order of the Polar Star . Today 's the most famous theatres in Lithuania are in Vilnius , Kaunas , Klaipėda ir Panevėžys . It is Lithuanian National Drama Theatre , Keistuolių teatras ( Theatre of Freaks ) in Vilnius , Kaunas National Drama Theatre , Theatre of Oskaras Koršunovas , Klaipėda Drama Theatre , Theatre of Gytis Ivanauskas , Miltinis Drama Theatre in Panevėžys , The Doll 's Theatre , Russian Drama Theatre and others . There are some very popular theatre festivals like Sirenos ( Sirens ) , TheATRIUM , Nerk į teatrą ( Dive into the Theatre ) and others . The figures dominating in Lithuanian theatre world are Adolfas Večerskis , the general director of Lithuanian National Drama National Drama Theatre , also directors like Eimuntas Nekrošius , Jonas Vaitkus , Cezaris Graužinis , Rimas Tuminas , number of talented actors like Rimantas Bagdzevičius , Vytautas Rumšas , Saulius Balandis , Marius Jampolskis , Rimantė Valiukaitė and many others .
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Its $25.9 million opening weekend in China was the biggest - ever for an animated film in the country , surpassing the record previously held by Kung Fu Panda 2 .
Guns N' Roses
By 2005 , Geffen had taken Chinese Democracy off of its release schedule and pulled funding , stating `` Having exceeded all budgeted and approved recording costs by millions of dollars , it is Mr. Rose 's obligation to fund and complete the album , not Geffen 's . '' Around then , manager Merck Mercuriadis stated that `` The ' Chinese Democracy ' album is very close to being completed '' . According to a 2005 report by The New York Times , Rose had allegedly spent $13 million in the studio by that point . Mercuriadis rejected the budget claims made by the New York Times article and claimed that the newspaper 's sources had not been involved with the project for `` six to nine years '' . The $13 million makes the album the most expensive rock album ever produced .
The Fate of the Furious
Expectations were high for the film 's performance in China , as its predecessor set notable records and went on to become the biggest film release there ( now the biggest Hollywood release ) . The film was rebranded in Chinese as The Fast and the Furious 8 to make clear its connection to Furious 7 . After ticket sales began on April 2 , the film pre-sold more than RMB 125 million ( $18.1 million ) worth of tickets before its release , breaking the previous record held by local film Journey to the West : Conquering the Demons three months prior . Moreover , it also set a record for the fastest IMAX advance sales , with RMB 16.5 million ( $2.4 million ) , breaking the previous record held by Captain America : Civil War , according to leading local movie site Mtime . In total , it pre-sold around $43.5 million tickets two hours before previews began , the biggest ever in the country . It earned a record - breaking RMB 59.8 million ( $8.7 million ) from Thursday paid previews ( $8 million excluding online ticketing surcharges which now count as grosses ) , breaking its predecessor 's former record of RMB 52.5 million ( $8.5 million in 2015 ; $7.6 million in 2017 exchange rates ) . On Friday , the film was screened in approximately 158,000 screens , a new record for any film , breaking Warcraft 's former 122,000 screen counts , and almost double the estimated 80,700 screen count of its predecessor . By Friday noon , it had already grossed $30 million . Buoyed by positive word - of - mouth -- 9.4 / 10 user rating on mobile ticketing platform Maoyan , and 7.4 / 10 from reviews aggregator Douban -- and effective marketing campaign , it set a new record for the biggest single - day ever at the Chinese box office , including previews . This was achieved at 7 p.m. local time . In total , the film grossed an estimated RMB 452.8 million ( $65.8 million ) on its opening day , inclusive of previews and online ticketing surcharges , compared to the RMB 398 million ( $57.8 million ) posted by its predecessor .
When a Snail Falls in Love
When a Snail Falls in Love ( Chinese : 如果 蜗牛 有 爱情 ; pinyin : rú guǒ wō niú yǒu ài qíng ) is a 2016 Chinese television series directed by Zhang Kai - zhou and produced by Daylight Entertainment . It stars Wang Kai , Wang Ziwen , Xu Yue , and Yu Heng . It is based on Ding Mo 's novel of the same title , who also wrote Love Me If You Dare starring Wallace Huo . The series aired on Dragon TV from 24 October to 12 December 2016 .
Maharashtrian cuisine
Along with green vegetables , another class of popular food is various beans , either whole or split . Split beans are called dal and turned into amti or thin soup , added to vegetables such as dudhi . Dal may be cooked with rice to make khichadi . Whole beans are cooked as is or more popularly soaked in water until sprouted . Unlike Chinese cuisine , the beans are allowed to grow for only a day or two . Curries made out of sprouted beans are called usal and form an important source of proteins . The beanspopular in Maharastrian cuisine include peas , chick peas , mung , matki , urid kidney bean , black - eyed peas , kulith and toor ( also called pigeon peas ) . Out of the above toor and chick peas are staples . The urid bean is the base for one of the most popular types of papadum ' ' .
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword
King Arthur premiered at the TCL Chinese Theater on May 8 , 2017 and was theatrically released in 2D and RealD 3D on May 12 , 2017 in the United States and May 19 , 2017 in the United Kingdom . The film was a box office bomb , grossing just $148 million worldwide against its $175 million production budget , with critics `` warning audiences to stay away '' .