vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Reactions to On the Origin of Species
On Boxing Day ( 26 December ) The Times carried an anonymous review . The staff reviewer , `` as innocent of any knowledge of science as a babe '' , gave the task to Huxley , leading Darwin to ask his friend how `` did you influence Jupiter Olympus and make him give three and a half columns to pure science ? The old fogies will think the world will come to an end . '' Darwin treasured the piece more than `` a dozen reviews in common periodicals '' , but noted `` Upon my life I am sorry for Owen ... he will be so d -- d savage , for credit given to any other man , I strongly suspect , is in his eyes so much credit robbed from him . Science is so narrow a field , it is clear there ought to be only one cock of the walk ! '' .
List of The Mortal Instruments characters
In the fourth book , City of Fallen Angels , Clary and Jace are happily in love . But soon , Jace starts to behave strangely and avoids her , leading Clary to assume he wants to break up with her . In truth , he has been influenced by Lilith , who sent him dreams in which he kills or hurts Clary , because when he was raised from the dead by Raziel , all of his protections placed on him at birth were stripped away , leaving him vulnerable to demonic influence . During the party , when Lucian 's pack celebrated his engagement with Clary 's mother Jocelyn , she is kidnapped by a fully possessed Jace and taken to Lilith . There , she learns her brother Jonathan Christopher Morgenstern / Sebastian Verlac is going to be raised from the dead by Simon , and she was brought just to make him do that . Using Jace 's affection for her ( which remains undiminished because his possession has no effect on that part of him ) , she cuts the rune which enabled Lilith to control him . Seeing his chance , Simon destroys Lilith with his Mark of Cain . After Lilith 's destruction , Isabelle and Alec appear on the scene , but Jace shoos them away since he does n't want to be consoled as he feels terrible for hurting Clary , in spite of the fact that he was n't himself . Alec then shoves Clary back to the room as they get into the elevator , feeling that only she can help him . Clary and Jace reaffirm their love after she convinces him he is not a horrible person . The last words Clary says to him before going down are , `` I 'll be back . Five minutes , '' and they share a kiss before she leaves and comes back to find him gone , unaware his rune has healed and he is possessed once again .
Napoleon
Napoleon 's biggest influence was in the conduct of warfare . Antoine - Henri Jomini explained Napoleon 's methods in a widely used textbook that influenced all European and American armies . Napoleon was regarded by the influential military theorist Carl von Clausewitz as a genius in the operational art of war , and historians rank him as a great military commander . Wellington , when asked who was the greatest general of the day , answered : `` In this age , in past ages , in any age , Napoleon '' .
Final Fantasy VII
Regarding the overall theme of the game , Sakaguchi said it was `` not enough to make ' life ' the theme , you need to depict living and dying . In any event , you need to portray death '' . Consequently , Nomura proposed killing off the heroine . Aerith had been the only heroine , but the death of a female protagonist would necessitate a second ; this led to the creation of Tifa . The developers decided to kill Aerith , as her death would be the most devastating and consequential . Kitase wanted to depict it as very sudden and unexpected , leaving `` not a dramatic feeling but great emptiness '' , `` feelings of reality and not Hollywood '' . The script for the scene was written by Nojima . Kitase and Nojima then planned that most of the main cast would die shortly before the final battle ; Nomura vetoed the idea because he felt it would undermine the impact of Aerith 's death . Several character relations and statuses underwent changes during development . Aerith was to be Sephiroth 's sister , which influenced the design of her hair . The team then made Sephiroth a previous love interest of hers to deepen her backstory , but later swapped him with Zack . Vincent and Yuffie were to be part of the main narrative , but due to time constraints , they were nearly cut and eventually relegated to being optional characters .
Midwestern United States
In the 1870s and 1880s , the Mississippi River inspired two classic books -- Life on the Mississippi and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn -- written by native Missourian Samuel Clemens , who used the pseudonym Mark Twain . His stories became staples of Midwestern lore . Twain 's hometown of Hannibal , Missouri is a tourist attraction offering a glimpse into the Midwest of his time .
Hanns Johst
His early work is influenced by Expressionism . Examples include Der Anfang ( The Beginning ) ( 1917 ) and Der König ( The King ) ( 1920 ) . Later , he turned to a naturalist philosophy in plays such as Wechsler und Händler ( Money changers and Traders ) ( 1923 ) and Thomas Paine ( 1927 ) .
Prometheus
Hesiod revisits the story of Prometheus and the theft of fire in Works and Days ( 42 -- 105 ) . In it the poet expands upon Zeus 's reaction to Prometheus 's deception . Not only does Zeus withhold fire from humanity , but `` the means of life '' as well ( 42 ) . Had Prometheus not provoked Zeus 's wrath , `` you would easily do work enough in a day to supply you for a full year even without working ; soon would you put away your rudder over the smoke , and the fields worked by ox and sturdy mule would run to waste '' ( 44 -- 47 ) .
Brontë family
The deaths of first their mother , and then of their two older sisters marked them profoundly and influenced their writing , as did the relative isolation in which they were raised .
Influence of the French Revolution
The long - term impact on France was profound , shaping politics , society , religion and ideas , and polarizing politics for more than a century . Historian François Aulard writes :
Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin have influenced hard rock and heavy metal bands such as Deep Purple , Black Sabbath , Rush , Queen , Aerosmith , the Black Crowes , and Megadeth as well as progressive metal bands like Tool and Dream Theater . They influenced some early punk and post-punk bands , among them the Ramones , Joy Division and the Cult . They were also an important influence on the development of alternative rock , as bands adapted elements from the `` Zeppelin sound '' of the mid-1970s , including the Smashing Pumpkins , Nirvana , Pearl Jam , and Soundgarden . Bands and artists from diverse genres have acknowledged the influence of Led Zeppelin , such as Madonna , Shakira , Lady Gaga , Kesha , and Katie Melua . Jones
History of evolutionary thought
In Great Britain , the philosophy of natural theology remained influential . William Paley 's 1802 book Natural Theology with its famous watchmaker analogy had been written at least in part as a response to the transmutational ideas of Erasmus Darwin . Geologists influenced by natural theology , such as Buckland and Sedgwick , made a regular practice of attacking the evolutionary ideas of Lamarck , Grant , and Vestiges . Although Charles Lyell opposed scriptural geology , he also believed in the immutability of species , and in his Principles of Geology , he criticized Lamarck 's theories of development . Idealists such as Louis Agassiz and Richard Owen believed that each species was fixed and unchangeable because it represented an idea in the mind of the creator . They believed that relationships between species could be discerned from developmental patterns in embryology , as well as in the fossil record , but that these relationships represented an underlying pattern of divine thought , with progressive creation leading to increasing complexity and culminating in humanity . Owen developed the idea of `` archetypes '' in the Divine mind that would produce a sequence of species related by anatomical homologies , such as vertebrate limbs . Owen led a public campaign that successfully marginalized Grant in the scientific community . Darwin would make good use of the homologies analyzed by Owen in his own theory , but the harsh treatment of Grant , and the controversy surrounding Vestiges , showed him the need to ensure that his own ideas were scientifically sound .
Prometheus
Works of classical music , opera , and ballet directly or indirectly inspired by the myth of Prometheus have included renderings by some of the major composers of both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries . In this tradition , the orchestral representation of the myth has received the most sustained attention of composers . These have included the symphonic poem by Franz Liszt titled Prometheus from 1850 , among his other Symphonic Poems ( No. 5 , S. 99 ) . Alexander Scriabin composed Prometheus : Poem of Fire , Opus 60 ( 1910 ) , also for orchestra . In the same year Gabriel Fauré composed his three - act opera Prométhée ( 1910 ) . Charles - Valentin Alkan composed his Grande sonate ' Les quatre âges ' ( 1847 ) , with the 4th movement entitled `` Prométhée enchaîné '' ( Prometheus Bound ) . Beethoven composed the score to a ballet version of the myth titled The Creatures of Prometheus ( 1801 ) .
Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin have been credited with a major impact on the nature of the music business , particularly in the development of album - orientated rock ( AOR ) and stadium rock . In 1988 John Kalodner , then - A&R executive of Geffen Records , remarked that `` In my opinion , next to the Beatles they 're the most influential band in history . They influence the way music is on records , AOR radio , concerts . They set the standards for the AOR - radio format with ' Stairway to Heaven , ' having AOR hits without necessarily having Top 40 hits . They 're the ones who did the first real big arena concert shows , consistently selling out and playing stadiums without support . People can do as well as them , but nobody surpasses them '' . Andrew Loog Oldham , the former producer and manager of the Rolling Stones , commented on how Led Zeppelin had a major influence on the record business , and the way rock concerts were managed and presented to huge audiences .
We Real Cool
The poem also covers the topic of mortality . In the last line it states that the seven pool players and narrator will `` Die Soon '' , although the seven young pool players are prideful in their rebellion , they will eventually face mortality . This could also be an indicator into the time period with which the poem was written during the 1960s . Racial tensions were at a height during the decade with civil rights leaders pushing for de-segregation in the South . The mortality that Brooks addresses could be an indicator of the times that it was written in along with the fast life that the boys live in their enjoyment of skipping school , singing sin and drinking gin .
Two Treatises of Government
Locke 's influence during the American Revolutionary period is disputed . While it is easy to point to specific instances of Locke 's Two Treatises being invoked , the extent of the acceptance of Locke 's ideals and the role they played in the American Revolution are far from clear . The Two Treatises are echoed in phrases in the Declaration of Independence and writings by Samuel Adams that attempted to gain support for the rebellion . Of Locke 's influence Thomas Jefferson wrote : `` Bacon , Locke and Newton I consider them as the three greatest men that have ever lived , without any exception , and as having laid the foundation of those superstructures which have been raised in the Physical & Moral sciences '' . The colonists frequently cited Blackstone 's Commentaries on the Laws of England , which synthesised Lockean political philosophy with the common law tradition . Louis Hartz , writing at the beginning of the 20th century , took it for granted that Locke was the political philosopher of the revolution .
Cultural impact of the Beatles
Regarding the ever - changing landscapes of popular music , musicologist Allan Moore notes ; `` Sometimes , audiences gravitate towards a centre . The most prominent period when this happened was in the early to mid 1960s when it seems that almost everyone , irrespective of age , class or cultural background , listened to the Beatles . '' Writing for AllMusic , music critic Richie Unterberger recognises the Beatles as both `` the greatest and most influential act of the rock era '' and a group that `` introduced more innovations into popular music than any other rock band of the 20th century '' . In Rolling Stone magazine 's Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll ( 2001 ) , the editors define the band 's influence as follows :
Whitney Houston
Alicia Keys said `` Whitney is an artist who inspired me from ( the time I was ) a little girl . '' Oscar winner Jennifer Hudson cites Houston as her biggest musical influence . She told Newsday that she learned from Houston the `` difference between being able to sing and knowing how to sing '' . Leona Lewis , who has been called `` the new Whitney Houston '' , also cites her as an influence . Lewis stated that she idolized her as a little girl .
The Left Hand of Darkness
Le Guin 's interest in Taoism influenced much of her science fiction work . According to Douglas Barbour , the fiction of the Hainish universe ( the setting for several of Le Guin 's works ) contain a theme of balance between light and darkness , a central theme of Taoism . She was also influenced by her early interest in mythology , and her exposure to cultural diversity as a child . Her protagonists are frequently interested in the cultures they are investigating , and are motivated to preserve them rather than conquer them . Authors who influenced Le Guin include Victor Hugo , Leo Tolstoy , Virginia Woolf , Italo Calvino , and Lao Tzu .
James Russell Lowell
In the autumn of 1857 , The Atlantic Monthly was established , and Lowell was its first editor . With its first issue in November of that year , he at once gave the magazine the stamp of high literature and of bold speech on public affairs . In January 1861 , Lowell 's father died of a heart attack , inspiring Lowell to move his family back to Elmwood . As he wrote to his friend Briggs , `` I am back again to the place I love best . I am sitting in my old garret , at my old desk , smoking my old pipe ... I begin to feel more like my old self than I have these ten years . '' Shortly thereafter , in May , he left The Atlantic Monthly when James Thomas Fields took over as editor ; the magazine had been purchased by Ticknor and Fields for $10,000 two years before . Lowell returned to Elmwood by January 1861 but maintained an amicable relationship with the new owners of the journal , continuing to submit his poetry and prose for the rest of his life . His prose , however , was more abundantly presented in the pages of the North American Review during the years 1862 -- 1872 . For the Review , he served as a coeditor along with Charles Eliot Norton . Lowell 's reviews for the journal covered a wide variety of literary releases of the day , though he was writing fewer poems .
It Is Well with My Soul
This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford 's life . The first was the death of his son at the age of two and the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which ruined him financially ( he had been a successful lawyer and had invested significantly in property in the area of Chicago that was extensively damaged by the great fire ) . His business interests were further hit by the economic downturn of 1873 , at which time he had planned to travel to Europe with his family on the SS Ville du Havre . In a late change of plan , he sent the family ahead while he was delayed on business concerning zoning problems following the Great Chicago Fire . While crossing the Atlantic Ocean , the ship sank rapidly after a collision with a sea vessel , the Loch Earn , and all four of Spafford 's daughters died . His wife Anna survived and sent him the now famous telegram , `` Saved alone ... '' . Shortly afterwards , as Spafford traveled to meet his grieving wife , he was inspired to write these words as his ship passed near where his daughters had died . Bliss called his tune Ville du Havre , from the name of the stricken vessel . The
Influence of the French Revolution
The call for modification of society was influenced by the revolution in France , and once the hope for change found a place in the hearts of the Haitian people , there was no stopping the radical reformation that was occurring . The Enlightenment ideals and the initiation of the French Revolution were enough to inspire the Haitian Revolution , which evolved into the most successful and comprehensive slave rebellion . Just as the French were successful in transforming their society , so were the Haitians . On April 4 , 1792 , The French National Assembly granted freedom to slaves in Haiti and the revolution culminated in 1804 ; Haiti was an independent nation solely of freed peoples . The activities of the revolutions sparked change across the world . France 's transformation was most influential in Europe , and Haiti 's influence spanned across every location that continued to practice slavery . John E. Baur honors Haiti as home of the most influential Revolution in history .
Pluto (mythology)
The most influential version of the abduction myth is that of Ovid ( d . 17 or 18 AD ) , who tells the story in both the Metamorphoses ( Book 5 ) and the Fasti ( Book 4 ) . Another major retelling , also in Latin , is the long unfinished poem De raptu Proserpinae ( `` On the Abduction of Proserpina '' ) by Claudian ( d . 404 AD ) . Ovid uses the name Dis , not Pluto in these two passages , and Claudian uses Pluto only once ; translators and editors , however , sometimes supply the more familiar `` Pluto '' when other epithets appear in the source text . The abduction myth was a popular subject for Greek and Roman art , and recurs throughout Western art and literature , where the name `` Pluto '' becomes common ( see Pluto in Western art and literature below ) . Narrative details from Ovid and Claudian influence these later versions in which the abductor is named as Pluto , especially the role of Venus and Cupid in manipulating Pluto with love and desire . Throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance , and certainly by the time of Natale Conti 's influential Mythologiae ( 1567 ) , the traditions pertaining to the various rulers of the classical underworld coalesced into a single mythology that made few if any distinctions among Hades , Pluto , Dis , and Orcus .
Iliad
Simone Weil wrote the essay The Iliad or the Poem of Force in 1939 , shortly after the commencement of World War II . The essay describes how the Iliad demonstrates the way force , exercised to the extreme in war , reduces both victim and aggressor to the level of the slave and the unthinking automaton . The 1954 Broadway musical The Golden Apple , by librettist John Treville Latouche and composer Jerome Moross , was freely adapted from the Iliad and the Odyssey , re-setting the action to America 's Washington state in the years after the Spanish -- American War , with events inspired by the Iliad in Act One and events inspired by the Odyssey in Act Two . Christa Wolf 's novel Cassandra ( 1983 ) is a critical engagement with the Iliad . Wolf 's narrator is Cassandra , whose thoughts we hear at the moment just before her murder by Clytemnestra in Sparta . Wolf 's narrator presents a feminist 's view of the war , and of war in general . Cassandra 's story is accompanied by four essays which Wolf delivered as the Frankfurter Poetik - Vorlesungen . The essays present Wolf 's concerns as a writer and rewriter of this canonical story and show the genesis of the novel through Wolf 's own readings and in a trip she took to Greece . David Melnick 's Men in Aida ( cf . μῆνιν ἄειδε ) ( 1983 ) is a postmodern homophonic translation of Book One into a farcical bathhouse scenario , preserving the sounds but not the meaning of the original . Marion Zimmer Bradley 's 1987 novel , The Firebrand retells the story from the point of view of Kassandra , a , princess of Troy and a prophetess who is cursed by Apollo .
Agatha Christie
Christie would always pay for her own board and lodging and her travel expenses so as to not influence the funding of the archaeological excavations , and she also supported excavations as an anonymous sponsor . During their time in the Middle East , there was also a large amount of time spent travelling to and from Mallowan 's sites . Their extensive travelling had a strong influence on her writing , as some type of transportation often plays a part in her murderer 's schemes . The large amount of travel was reused in novels such as The Murder on the Orient Express , as well as suggesting the idea of archaeology as an adventure itself .
Influence of the French Revolution
After the first year of revolution , this power had been stripped away . The king was a figurehead , the nobility had lost all their titles and most of their land , the Church lost its monasteries and farmlands , bishops , judges and magistrates were elected by the people , the army was almost helpless , with military power in the hands of the new revolutionary National Guard . The central elements of 1789 were the slogan `` Liberté , égalité , fraternité '' and `` The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen '' , which Lefebvre calls `` the incarnation of the Revolution as a whole . ''
RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars
Placing Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Winner Chad Michaels Alaska Trixie Mattel Runner - Up Raven Detox Katya Kennedy Davenport 3rd Place Jujubee Shannel BeBe Zahara Benet Shangela 4th Place Roxxxy Andrews 5th Place Alexis Mateo Yara Sofia Alyssa Edwards Morgan McMichaels 6th Place Tatianna BenDeLaCreme 7th Place Latrice Royale Manila Luzon Phi Phi O'Hara Aja 8th Place Ginger Minj Chi Chi DeVayne 9th Place Nina Flowers Tammie Brown Adore Delano Milk 10th Place Coco Montrese Thorgy Thor 11th Place Mimi Imfurst Pandora Boxx 12th Place
Star Wars: The Last Jedi
In its first two days of release the film made $60.8 million from 48 markets . The top countries were the United Kingdom ( $10.2 million ) , Germany ( $6.1 million ) , France ( $6 million ) , Australia ( $5.6 million ) and Brazil ( $2.5 million ) . By the end of the weekend , the film made $230.8 million outside North America , the ninth - highest of all time . This included $36.7 million in the UK ( third - highest ) , $23.6 million in Germany ( second - highest ) , $18.1 million in France , $15.9 million in Australia ( second - highest ) , $14.4 million in Japan , $8.5 million in Russia , $8.3 million in Spain , $7.2 million in Brazil , $7 million in Italy and Mexico , $6.0 million in Sweden and $5.1 million in South Korea . On its second weekend , it grossed $76.1 million overseas and became the fourth - highest - grossing film of the year in Europe . As of January 21 , the largest markets outside of the United States and Canada are the United Kingdom ( $109.3 million ) , Germany ( $79.8 million ) , France ( $63.5 million ) , Japan ( $60.8 million ) and Australia ( $43.5 million ) .