vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Zimbabwe
Journalists found a body in the mine with ' what appeared to be blood and fluids dripping onto the skulls below ' . The opposition MDC called for research on all violence that included killings of its supporters during disputed elections in 2008 . Amnesty International ( AI ) expressed concern that `` international best practice on exhumations is not being adhered to ... ( M ) ishandling of these mass graves has serious implications on potential exhumations of other sites in Zimbabwe . Thousands of civilians were also killed in Matabeleland and Midlands provinces in the mid 1980s and are allegedly buried in mine shafts and mass graves in these regions '' , AI added .
The Lovely Bones (film)
The Lovely Bones received mixed reviews from critics , although Ronan and Tucci were praised for their performances . On review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes , the film has a rating of 32 % , based on 238 reviews , with an average rating of 5 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` It 's stuffed full of Peter Jackson 's typically dazzling imagery , but The Lovely Bones suffers from abrupt shifts between horrific violence and cloying sentimentality . '' Metacritic gave the film a score of 42 out of 100 , based on 36 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . It is Peter Jackson 's lowest rated film to date .
Seeley Booth
Booth had a gambling problem which developed as a coping mechanism after leaving the military . According to flashbacks in `` The Parts in the Sum of the Whole , '' he only started to the kick the habit after meeting ( and subsequently asking out ) Bones for the first time while working a case together . As of the series pilot , he has been clean after attending GA meetings and has been able to resist the urge on several occasions when a case required him to be at a casino or a similar environment . In several episodes he can be seen twirling a poker chip ( sometimes his GA sobriety chip ) or playing with dice . He recently suffered a relapse when a case required him to infiltrate an underground gaming ring , but has begun to re-attend GA meetings after Brennan issued an ultimatum to him to move out until he got himself back together .
Execution of the Romanov family
Sokolov discovered a large number of the Romanovs ' belongings and valuables that were overlooked by Yurovsky and his men , in and around the mineshaft where the bodies were initially disposed of . Among them were dismembered and burned bone fragments , congealed fat , Dr Botkin 's upper dentures and glasses , corset stays , insignias and belt buckles , shoes , keys , pearls and diamonds , a few spent bullets and part of a severed female finger . Only the corpse of Anastasia 's King Charles Spaniel , Jimmy , was found in the pit . The shallow pit revealed no traces of clothing , which was consistent with Yurovsky 's account that all the victims ' clothes were burned before the bodies were thrown down the mineshaft . Sokolov ultimately failed to find the concealed burial site on the Koptyaki Road , photographing the spot as evidence of where the Fiat truck had got stuck on the morning of 19 July . The impending return of Bolshevik forces in July 1919 forced him to evacuate , bringing with him the box containing the relics he recovered . Sokolov accumulated numerous photographic and eyewitness accounts filling eight volumes . He died in France in 1924 of a heart attack before he could complete his investigation . The box remains kept in the Russian Orthodox Church of Saint Job in Uccle , Brussels .
Seeley Booth
Seeley Joseph Booth is a fictional character in the US television series Bones ( 2005 -- 2017 ) , portrayed by David Boreanaz . Agent Booth is a co-protagonist of the series with Dr. Temperance Brennan ( Emily Deschanel ) , whom he affectionately refers to as `` Bones '' .
Ear
The human ear consists of three parts -- the outer ear , middle ear and inner ear . The ear canal of the outer ear is separated from the air - filled tympanic cavity of the middle ear by the eardrum . The middle ear contains the three small bones -- the ossicles -- involved in the transmission of sound , and is connected to the throat at the nasopharynx , via the pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube . The inner ear contains the otolith organs -- the utricle and saccule -- and the semicircular canals belonging to the vestibular system , as well as the cochlea of the auditory system .
The Lovely Bones (film)
As part of marketing for the film , in August 2009 , people were allowed to enter a contest to win a trip to Wellington , for the film 's New Zealand premiere on December 14 , 2009 . The offer included , if the winner lived outside of Wellington , one night 's accommodation and a voucher for flight or petrol to Wellington . A teaser trailer was released in August 2009 , days before the film 's official trailer . The official trailer debuted on the television series Entertainment Tonight and was released online shortly afterwards . In August 2009 , Jackson offered a `` behind - the - scenes look '' at the film and discussed elements ( mainly violence ) in the film 's plot line .
The Lovely Bones (film)
In 1973 , 14 - year - old high school freshman Susie Salmon dreams about becoming a photographer . One day , Ray , a boy she has a crush on , approaches her at school and asks her out . As Susie walks home through a cornfield , she runs into her neighbor , George Harvey , who coaxes her into his underground den . Inside , Susie becomes uncomfortable and attempts to leave ; when he grabs her , the scene fades until she is seen rushing past classmate Ruth Connors , apparently fleeing Harvey 's den .
Human musculoskeletal system
A tendon is a tough , flexible band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones . The extra-cellular connective tissue between muscle fibers binds to tendons at the distal and proximal ends , and the tendon binds to the periosteum of individual bones at the muscle 's origin and insertion . As muscles contract , tendons transmit the forces to the relatively rigid bones , pulling on them and causing movement . Tendons can stretch substantially , allowing them to function as springs during locomotion , thereby saving energy .
Ribosome
The ribosomes found in chloroplasts and mitochondria of eukaryotes also consist of large and small subunits bound together with proteins into one 70S particle . These organelles are believed to be descendants of bacteria ( see Endosymbiotic theory ) and , as such , their ribosomes are similar to those of bacteria .
The Lovely Bones (film)
The Lovely Bones Theatrical release poster Directed by Peter Jackson Produced by Carolynne Cunningham Fran Walsh Peter Jackson Aimee Peyronnet Screenplay by Fran Walsh Philippa Boyens Peter Jackson Based on The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold Starring Mark Wahlberg Rachel Weisz Susan Sarandon Stanley Tucci Michael Imperioli Saoirse Ronan Music by Brian Eno Cinematography Andrew Lesnie Edited by Jabez Olssen Production company DreamWorks Pictures Film4 Productions WingNut Films Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release date November 24 , 2009 ( 2009 - 11 - 24 ) ( Royal premiere ) December 11 , 2009 ( 2009 - 12 - 11 ) ( United States ) December 26 , 2009 ( 2009 - 12 - 26 ) ( New Zealand ) January 29 , 2010 ( 2010 - 01 - 29 ) ( United Kingdom ) Running time 135 minutes Country United States United Kingdom New Zealand Language English Budget $65 million Box office $93.6 million
Dodo
In 2005 , after a hundred years of neglect , a part of the Mare aux Songes swamp was excavated by an international team of researchers ( International Dodo Research Project ) . To prevent malaria , the British had covered the swamp with hard core during their rule over Mauritius , which had to be removed . Many remains were found , including bones of at least 17 dodos in various stages of maturity ( though no juveniles ) , and several bones obviously from the skeleton of one individual bird , which have been preserved in their natural position . These findings were made public in December 2005 in the Naturalis museum in Leiden. 63 % of the fossils found in the swamp belonged to turtles of the extinct Cylindraspis genus , and 7.1 % belonged to dodos , which had been deposited within several centuries , 4,000 years ago . Subsequent excavations suggested that dodos and other animals became mired in the Mare aux Songes while trying to reach water during a long period of severe drought about 4,200 years ago . Furthermore , cyanobacteria thrived in the conditions created by the excrements of animals gathered around the swamp , which died of intoxication , dehydration , trampling , and miring . Though many small skeletal elements were found during the recent excavations of the swamp , few were found during the 19th century , probably owing to the employment of less refined methods when collecting . Subfossil
List of Code Black episodes
8 8 `` You Are the Heart '' Alex Zakrzewski David Marshall Grant November 18 , 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 18 ) CB108 6.59 On a rainy LA night , the ER deals with the victims of a boating accident , an HIV - positive patient which endangers Savetti and causes tensions between him and Leighton , and Guthrie and Rorish butt heads on a surgery . Pineda runs a bone marrow drive for her former lover , much to her dismay . 9 9 `` The Son Rises '' Andrew Bernstein Michael Seitzman and Kristen Kim November 25 , 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 25 ) CB109 7.45 A family is the victim of a home invasion with a father who was stabbed near the heart , a mother who was repeatedly stabbed , and a son who was injured during his search for rescue by jumping from a window of the building . Mario and Angus clash over the mother who has bruising around her eyes . Taylor is suspended for bringing a child around the ER , and the doctors clash early with his replacement . Meanwhile , a son struggles to get his father off life support . 10 10 `` Cardiac Support '' Oz Scott Brett Mahoney December 2 , 2015 ( 2015 - 12 - 02 ) CB110 8.50 The ER adjusts to the new department head who questions Rorish 's decisions . An ambulance arrives with its paramedics knocked out by their patient , who attacks Jesse . Later , Jesse has a heart attack . As the doctors try to save him , other patients include a man hit by a train , the daughter of a controlling Beverly Hills mother , and the wife of a veteran who is struggling with addiction . Meanwhile , Mario leaves the hospital to find the train victim 's son who has intellectual disabilities , against Hudson 's orders . 11 11 `` Black Tag '' Omar Madha Molly Newman December 9 , 2015 ( 2015 - 12 - 09 ) CB111 8.38 Leanne , Neal , Christa , Angus , Mario , Malaya , and Heather are sent to the scene of a multi-car collision on a canyon road above Los Angeles . Leanne clashes with the physician in charge , making a decision he questions . Christa treats an injured family whose car is in a ravine . Angus , Heather , and Mario help a man stuck in cement .
Testosterone
Two of the immediate metabolites of testosterone , 5α - DHT and estradiol , are biologically important and can be formed both in the liver and in extrahepatic tissues . Approximately 5 to 7 % of testosterone is converted by 5α - reductase into 5α - DHT , with circulating levels of 5α - DHT about 10 % of those of testosterone , and approximately 0.3 % of testosterone is converted into estradiol by aromatase . 5α - Reductase is highly expressed in the male reproductive organs ( including the prostate gland , seminal vesicles , and epididymides ) , skin , hair follicles , and brain and aromatase is highly expressed in adipose tissue , bone , and the brain . As much as 90 % of testosterone is converted into 5α - DHT in so - called androgenic tissues with high 5α - reductase expression , and due to the several-fold greater potency of 5α - DHT as an AR agonist relative to testosterone , it has been estimated that the effects of testosterone are potentiated 2 - to 3-fold in such tissues .
The Last House on the Left (2009 film)
When comparing the 2009 film to its 1972 counterpart , Newsday 's Rafer Guzman stated that Iliadis 's film contains better `` production values '' than the 1972 original , but overall it keeps the `` marrow of the story '' . Guzman suggests that some of the violence may have ventured too close to hysteria , and that this film is no Virgin Spring -- which Guzman reminds that Roger Ebert `` famously compared the original to '' -- but overall the film is `` horribly , shamefully satisfying '' . Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune , who disliked the 1972 film and went so far as to call the original `` unstable trash '' , found the remake to be a better film . Phillips noted that the 2009 film was well written -- apart from a couple of moments that felt like they belonged in a different movie -- well acted , and contains characters that seem like `` real people ( with ) plausible behavior , amid plausible tension , borne of a terrible situation '' . He also suggests that , contrary to other critic opinion , the 2009 remake does not attempt to follow the current trend of Hostel or Saw - like films simply because audiences are gravitating toward them as of late . Mark Olsen , of the Los Angeles Times , believes the 2009 remake is `` deeply misguided refraction of the original '' . Olsen points to what he feels is the addition of unnecessary back story for the family , and Iliadis 's choice to film the rape scene in a `` verdant , scenic forest '' , which gave the sequence an `` art - directed falseness , draining the audience - implicating authenticity and replacing it with the easy distance of knowing entertainment '' . Olsen also felt that changing the trinket Mari holds in the original film to a keepsake from her deceased brother turns the family into `` heroic characters '' who appear to be `` defending their entitlement to a rustic second home and vintage motorboat , not their right to exist '' .
The Lovely Bones (film)
According to the British Board of Film Classification ( BBFC ) , the rating given to The Lovely Bones received 24 objections , more than any other movie in 2010 . The BBFC report states , `` Many found the film to be a shocking and upsetting experience . The scene in which young Susie is entrapped by the killer , and the subsequent sequence in which the killer soaks in a bath after the murder , were compared by some complainants to scenes in ' 18 ' rated horror films . '' The BBFC rated the movie a 12A , and many complained that the movie was upsetting for a younger audience . Nevertheless , the BBFC defended its rating : `` The Lovely Bones lacked any explicit detail of the murder and any sexual elements were downplayed . The audience 's sympathies remain entirely with the family and the film had many positive messages about life . ''
The Lovely Bones (film)
The Lovely Bones was originally scheduled for release on March 13 , 2009 , but it was delayed to December 11 , 2009 , as the studio became interested in releasing the film for `` awards season , '' which gave Jackson an opportunity to make some effects shots larger in scope . The film then received a limited theater release on December 11 , 2009 , in the United States . The film was originally set to have a wider United States theater release on December 25 , 2009 ( Christmas Day ) , as part of a campaign to build its momentum into January 2010 . In early December it was confirmed that the United States release date had been pushed back by three weeks to January 15 , 2010 . Paramount and DreamWorks did not give a reason for the change of the release date . The film premiered in New Zealand on December 26 , 2009 , and was released in the United Kingdom on January 29 and in other countries in January 2010 .
The Lovely Bones (film)
Ian Freer of Empire gave the film 4 / 5 stars . Freer emphasized the `` bold , daring original filmmaking , with arguably more emotional and intellectual meat to chew on than either the Rings trilogy or Kong . '' Freer noted that , like The Lord of the Rings , the film `` does a fantastic job with revered , complex source material '' and that , since it is `` as terrific on terra firma as it is audacious in its astral plane '' , it is `` doubtful '' that there would be a `` more imaginative '' and `` courageous film '' in 2010 .
Connective tissue
Connective tissue has a wide variety of functions that depend on the types of cells and the different classes of fibers involved . Loose and dense irregular connective tissue , formed mainly by fibroblasts and collagen fibers , have an important role in providing a medium for oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from capillaries to cells , and carbon dioxide and waste substances to diffuse from cells back into circulation . They also allow organs to resist stretching and tearing forces . Dense regular connective tissue , which forms organized structures , is a major functional component of tendons , ligaments and aponeuroses , and is also found in highly specialized organs such as the cornea . Elastic fibers , made from elastin and fibrillin , also provide resistance to stretch forces . They are found in the walls of large blood vessels and in certain ligaments , particularly in the ligamenta flava .
Membrane transport protein
Each carrier protein , even within the same cell membrane , is specific to one type or family of molecules . For example , GLUT1 is a named carrier protein found in almost all animal cell membranes that transports glucose across the bilayer . Other specific carrier proteins also help the body function in important ways . Cytochromes operate in the electron transport chain as carrier proteins for electrons .
Tyrannosaurus
Another study corroborated the latter study 's results but found the growth rate to be much faster , finding it to be around 1800 kilograms ( 4000 lbs ) . Although these results were much higher than previous estimations , the authors noted that these results significantly lowered the great difference between its actual growth rate and the one which would be expected of an animal of its size . The sudden change in growth rate at the end of the growth spurt may indicate physical maturity , a hypothesis which is supported by the discovery of medullary tissue in the femur of a 16 to 20 - year - old Tyrannosaurus rex from Montana ( MOR 1125 , also known as B - rex ) . Medullary tissue is found only in female birds during ovulation , indicating that B - rex was of reproductive age . Further study indicates an age of 18 for this specimen . In 2016 , it was finally confirmed by Mary Higby Schweitzer and Lindsay Zanno et al that the soft tissue within the femur of MOR 1125 was medullary tissue . This also confirmed the identity of the specimen as a female . The discovery of medullary bone tissue within Tyrannosaurus may prove valuable in determining the sex of other dinosaur species in future examinations , as the chemical makeup of medullary tissue is unmistakable . Other tyrannosaurids exhibit extremely similar growth curves , although with lower growth rates corresponding to their lower adult sizes .
The Lovely Bones (film)
The film was released in the US on DVD and two - disc Blu - ray April 20 , 2010 and in the United Kingdom on June 11 , 2010 .
The Lovely Bones (film)
The Los Angeles Times reported that Paramount had originally expected the film to appeal to a `` sophisticated , adult audience , '' but after poor revenue and average reviews , the studio decided to redirect the film to an audience in another age group . Surveys showed that the film was favored more by females aged 13 -- 20 than by any other demographic . Paramount began to screen the movie `` aggressively for high school - and college - age girls '' during its three - screen limited release .
White matter
The other main component of the brain is grey matter ( actually tanned pink due to blood capillaries ) , which is composed of neurons . The substantia nigra is a third colored component found in the brain that appears darker due to higher levels of melanin in dopaminergic neurons than its nearby areas . Note that white matter can sometimes appear darker than grey matter on a microscope slide because of the type of stain used . Cerebral - and spinal white matter do not contain dendrites , neural cell bodies , or shorter axons , which can only be found in grey matter .
Spider
The stomach in the cephalothorax acts as a pump that sends the food deeper into the digestive system . The mid gut bears many digestive ceca , compartments with no other exit , that extract nutrients from the food ; most are in the abdomen , which is dominated by the digestive system , but a few are found in the cephalothorax .
The Lovely Bones (film)
Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film 2 / 4 stars , remarking that while `` ( Peter ) Jackson gets the thriller scenes right '' , the `` conceit of Susie trapped in a DayGlo world between the one she left and her final resting place , imparting lessons on coping with death , feels preachy . '' Puig also described the film as having ' strike ' `` clashing tones '' that veer from `` lightheartedness to heavy - handedness . '' Puig also criticized the film 's computer - generated imagery , describing it as being `` cheesy '' and felt that it broke `` no ground . '' Kirt Honeycutt , of the Hollywood Reporter , described the film as telling `` a fundamentally different story '' which is `` one that is not without its tension , humor and compelling details '' , but that `` it 's also a simpler , more button - pushing tale that misses the joy and heartbreak of the original . '' Honeycutt also described Jackson as having transformed Sebold 's `` startling , unique novel about the aftermath of a terrible murder '' into a story that 's more `` focused on crime and punishment . '' ``
Smooth muscle tissue
The actin filaments of contractile units are attached to dense bodies . Dense bodies are rich in α - actinin , and also attach intermediate filaments ( consisting largely of vimentin and desmin ) , and thereby appear to serve as anchors from which the thin filaments can exert force . Dense bodies also are associated with β - actin , which is the type found in the cytoskeleton , suggesting that dense bodies may coordinate tensions from both the contractile machinery and the cytoskeleton . Dense bodies appear darker under an electron microscope , and so they are sometimes described as electron dense .
Neurotransmitter
It plays a critical role in the reward system ; Parkinson 's disease has been linked to low levels of dopamine and schizophrenia has been linked to high levels of dopamine . Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter . Most is produced by and found in the intestine ( approximately 90 % ) , and the remainder in central nervous system neurons . It functions to regulate appetite , sleep , memory and learning , temperature , mood , behaviour , muscle contraction , and function of the cardiovascular system and endocrine system . It is speculated to have a role in depression , as some depressed patients are seen to have lower concentrations of metabolites of serotonin in their cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue . Norepinephrine which focuses on the central nervous system , based on sleep patterns , focus and alertness . It is synthesized from tyrosine . Epinephrine which is also synthesized from tyrosine takes part in controlling the adrenal glands . It plays a role in sleep , with ones ability to become and stay alert , and the fight - or - flight response . Histamine works with the central nervous system ( CNS ) , specifically the hypothalamus ( tuberomammillary nucleus ) and CNS mast cells .
Bird feet and legs
Most major bird bones are extensively pneumatized . They contain many air pockets connected to the pulmonary air sacs of the respiratory system . Their spongy interior makes them strong relative to their mass . The number of pneumatic bones depends on the species ; pneumaticity is slight or absent in diving birds . For example , in the long - tailed duck , the leg and wing bones are not pneumatic , in contrast with some of the other bones , while loonsand puffins have even more massive skeletons with no aired bones . The flightless ostrich and emu have pneumatic femurs , and so far this is the only known pneumatic bone in these birds except for the ostrich 's cervical vertebrae .