vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Pennsylvania Dutch
A fewer number of the Pennsylvania Dutch settled in what would become the Greater Toronto Area in areas that would later be called Altona , Ontario , Pickering , Ontario and especially Markham Village , Ontario and Stouffville , Ontario . William Berczy , a German entrepreneur and artist , had settled in upstate New York and in May 1794 , he was able to obtain 64,000 acres in Markham Township , near the current city of Toronto , Ontario . Berczy arrived with approximately 190 German families from Pennsylvania and settled here . Others later moved to other locations in the general area , including a hamlet they founded , German Mills , Ontario , named for its grist mill ; that community is now called Thornhill , Ontario ) , in the township that is now part of York Region .
Stranger Things
In April 2018 , executive producer Shawn Levy stated that , as with the previous two seasons , the Duffer Brothers would direct the first two episodes , with Levy directing the third and fourth episodes . The other directors for the season have yet to be announced ; however Levy confirmed that Andrew Stanton ( who directed two episodes of the second season ) would not be returning due to scheduling issues .
Stranger Things
In April 2018 , filmmaker Charlie Kessler filed a lawsuit against the Duffer Brothers , claiming that they stole his idea behind his short film Montauk for Stranger Things . Kessler 's Montauk featured a similar premise of a missing boy , a nearby military base doing otherworldy experiments , and a monster from another dimension . Kessler has directed the film and debuted it at the 2012 Hamptons International Film Festival . During the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival , he pitched his film to the Duffer Brothers and later gave them `` the script , ideas , story and film '' for a larger film idea he called The Montauk Project for their review . Kessler contended that the Duffer Brothers used his ideas to device the premise for Stranger Things without appropriate compensation and is seeking monetary damages . The Duffer Brothers ' lawyer stated that the Duffer Brothers never saw Kessler 's film nor spoke to him regarding it , and that Kessler had no input into their concepts for Stranger Things .
Stranger Things
The third season sees Ryder , Harbour , Wolfhard , Brown , Matarazzo , McLaughlin , Dyer , Heaton , Buono , Schnapp , Sink , Keery and Montgomery return . They are joined by Maya Hawke as Robin .
Flint water crisis
As of September 8 , 2017 , the Ruth Mott Foundation and the Community Foundation of Greater Flint have directed a combined $33,480,494 to various programs to aid both children and adults affected by Flint 's lead - in - water crisis .
Duffer Brothers
It premiered in the summer of 2016 to excellent reviews , specifically for its characterization , pacing , atmosphere , acting , soundtrack , directing , writing , and homages to 1980s genre films , and subsequently began to develop a cult following online . Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the series an approval rating of 95 % , based on 55 reviews , with a weighted average score of 8.1 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus states , `` Exciting , heartbreaking , and sometimes scary , Stranger Things acts as an addictive homage to Spielberg films and vintage 1980s television . '' On August 31 , 2016 , Netflix renewed the series for a second season of nine episodes , which were released on October 27 , 2017 .
Stranger Things
To pitch the series , the Duffer Brothers showcased images , footage and music from 1980s films such as E.T. the Extra Terrestrial , Close Encounters of the Third Kind , Poltergeist , Hellraiser , Stand by Me , Firestarter , A Nightmare on Elm Street and Jaws , in order to establish the tone of the series .
Lobbying in the United States
Scandals can spur impetus towards greater regulation as well . The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal , which started in the 1990s and led to a guilty plea in 2006 , inspired the Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 ( S. 2349 ) . According to Time Magazine the Senate bill :
Lectionary
In October 2013 , The Christian Century featured a discussion of new , expanded lectionary proposals , including The Year D Project , The Narrative Lectionary , The One - Year Lectionary , and the African - American Lectionary , some of which call for more thorough exposure to the Gospel of John , but all of which are , in their own way , concerned with fostering greater biblical literacy . Narrative
Data model
Conceptual things such as business processes and system functions Concrete things such as programming language statements , database schemas , and Reusable software components .
Joey Potter
Professor David Wilder Kissed / Almost Fling Beginning : `` Something Wilder '' ( 5.13 ) Broke Up : `` In A Lonely Place '' ( 5.16 ) Reason : Joey inadvertently stands David up after getting mugged . This gives him the time to reflect upon the relationship and he realizes that he ca n't have an affair with a student . Eddie Doling First Kiss : `` Instant Karma ! '' ( 6.04 ) Eddie thinks she only kissed him to get back at Dawson ; so it does n't lead to anything until later episodes . Boyfriend First Relationship : Beginning : `` Ego Tripping At The Gates Of Hell '' ( 6.07 ) Broke Up : `` Rock Bottom '' ( 6.13 ) Reason : He left without telling her Second Relationship : Beginning : `` Love Bites '' ( 6.18 ) Broke Up : `` Catch - 22 '' ( 6.20 ) Reason : They did n't see a future with each other Christopher Boyfriend Beginning : About a year or two before `` All Good Things ... '' ( 6.23 ) End : `` ... Must Come To An End '' ( 6.24 ) Reason : Joey breaks up with him over the phone after having found a ring in his drawer back in New York .
Vespers
The decree `` Divino afflatu '' ( November 1 , 1911 ) involves important changes in the old Roman Rite office . There is an entire rearrangement of the psalms ( see Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X ) with new ones appointed for each day of the week . These psalms are to be recited with their antiphons , not only at the Office de tempore ( Sundays and feriæ ) but also on feasts of a lesser rite than doubles of the second class , that is to say , on simples , semidoubles ( double minors ) , and double majors . On feasts which are doubles of the second class and a fortiori of the first class , as well as on feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary , the Holy Angels , and Apostles , the psalms are proper to the feast as heretofore . On all feasts , of whatever rite , the second part of vespers , that is , the capitulum , hymn , antiphon of the `` Magnificat '' , is taken from the Sanctorale . On semi-doubles and those of a lesser rite the suffrages are now reduced to a single antiphon and orison which is common to all the saints heretofore commemorated , whilst the preces ( `` Miserere '' and versicles ) formerly imposed on the greater feriæ are now suppressed .
Caste system in India
Mulk Raj Anand 's debut novel , Untouchable ( 1935 ) , is based on the theme of untouchability . The Hindi film Achhut Kannya ( Untouchable Maiden , 1936 ) , starring Ashok Kumar and Devika Rani , was an early reformist film . The debut novel of Arundhati Roy , The God of Small Things ( 1997 ) , also has themes surrounding the caste system across religions . A lawyer named Sabu Thomas filed a petition to have the book published without the last chapter , which had graphic description of sexual acts between members of different castes . Thomas claimed the alleged obscenity in the last chapter deeply hurts the Syrian Christian community , the basis of the novel .
Autonomic nervous system
Cervical cardiac nerves & thoracic visceral nerves , which synapse in the sympathetic chain Thoracic splanchnic nerves ( greater , lesser , least ) , which synapse in the prevertebral ganglia Lumbar splanchnic nerves , which synapse in the prevertebral ganglia Sacral splanchnic nerves , which synapse in the inferior hypogastric plexus
Flint water crisis
Rapper Big Sean , a Detroit native , donated $10,000 to the Community Foundation of Greater Flint .
Stranger Things
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season an approval rating of 94 % based on 72 reviews , and a weighted average rating of 7.96 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus states , `` Exciting , heartbreaking , and sometimes scary , Stranger Things acts as an addictive homage to Spielberg films and vintage 1980s television . '' Review aggregator Metacritic gave the first season a normalized score of 76 out of 100 based on 34 critics , indicating `` generally favorable reviews '' .
History of wolves in Yellowstone
* 1995 - 99 Data reflects status of the wolf in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem . Since 2000 monitoring has focused on packs operating within park boundaries . Wolves continue to spread to surrounding areas , and the last official report by the park for the Greater Yellowstone Area counted 272 wolves in 2002 .
Origin of language
One of the intriguing abilities that language users have is that of high - level reference ( or deixis ) , the ability to refer to things or states of being that are not in the immediate realm of the speaker . This ability is often related to theory of mind , or an awareness of the other as a being like the self with individual wants and intentions . According to Chomsky , Hauser and Fitch ( 2002 ) , there are six main aspects of this high - level reference system :
Mary Alice Young
In season five , Mary Alice appears in multiple flashbacks in `` The Best Thing That Ever Could Have Happened '' , including when handyman Eli Scruggs ( Beau Bridges ) was first starting out and approached Mary Alice on the street , asking her if she had any work for him . After initially declining , she notices a hole in his shoe and says she has a broken vase that he can glue back together for her . Years later , on the day Mary Alice committed suicide , Eli was at her house dropping something off . He asks if she is alright , to which she says she is , and just as he is about to leave she picks up the vase he glued for her and says she wants him to have it . Eli asks again if she is alright , and she politely asks him to leave . Later that day , after Mary Alice had shot herself , Eli watches police cars and neighbors gossiping from afar , regretting that he did nothing to save her . He then makes a vow to God to not only fix people 's belongings but their lives as much as he can as well . In season six , Mary Alice again appears in a flashback in `` Epiphany '' , when she notices four - year - old Eddie Orlofsky ( Davin Ransom ) witnessing his father leave their family . Mary Alice continues to check on Eddie and his mother Barbara ( Diane Farr ) , bringing them a hot meal and later to bring a teddy bear for Eddie , where she finds the young child left home alone . Mary Alice finds Barbara in a bar , brings her home and scolds her for her poor parenting skills .
Chennai
Chennai city is governed by the Greater Chennai Corporation ( formerly `` Corporation of Madras '' ) , which was established in 1688 . It is the oldest surviving municipal corporation in India and the second oldest surviving corporation in the world . In 2011 , the jurisdiction of the Chennai Corporation was expanded from 174 km ( 67 sq mi ) to an area of 426 km ( 164 sq mi ) , dividing into three regions -- North , South and Central , which covers 200 wards . The corporation is headed by a mayor , an office presently occupied by Saidai Sa . Duraisamy . The Mayor and councillors of the city are elected through a popular vote by the residents . While the city limit was expanded in 2011 , the revised population is yet to be officially announced .
Akbar
During the early part of his reign , Akbar adopted an attitude of suppression towards Muslim sects that were condemned by the orthodoxy as heretical . In 1567 , on the advice of Shaikh Abdu'n Nabi , he ordered the exhumation of Mir Murtaza Sharifi Shirazi -- a Shia buried in Delhi -- because of the grave 's proximity to that of Amir Khusrau , arguing that a `` heretic '' could not be buried so close to the grave of a Sunni saint , reflecting a restrictive attitude towards the Shia , which continued to persist till the early 1570s . He suppressed Mahdavism in 1573 during his campaign in Gujarat , in the course of which the Mahdavi leader Bandagi Miyan Sheik Mustafa was arrested and brought in chains to the court for debate and released after eighteen months . However , as Akbar increasingly came under the influence of pantheistic Sufi mysticism from the early 1570s , it caused a great shift in his outlook and culminated in his shift from orthodox Islam as traditionally professed , in favour of a new concept of Islam transcending the limits of religion . Consequently , during the latter half of his reign , he adopted a policy of tolerance towards the Shias and declared a prohibition on Shia - Sunni conflict , and the empire remained neutral in matters of internal sectarian conflict . In the year 1578 , the Mughal Emperor Akbar famously referred to himself as :
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
However , Moctezuma continued to act as Emperor , subject to Cortés ' overall control . During the period of his imprisonment , Moctezuma stated `` he was glad to be a prisoner , since either our gods gave us power to confine him or Huichilobos permitted it . '' He would even play the game of totoloque with Cortés . After the treason of Cacamatzin , Moctezuma and his caciques , were forced to take a more formal oath of allegiance to the King of Spain , though Moctezuma `` could not restrain his tears '' . Moctezuma told his caciques that `` their ancestral tradition , set down in their books of records , that men would come from the direction of the sunrise to rule these lands '' and that `` He believed ... we were these men . ''
Golden Horde
When the Great Khatun Töregene invited Batu to elect the next Emperor of the Mongol Empire in 1242 , he declined to attend a kurultai , thus delaying the succession for several years . Although Batu stated he was suffering from old age and illness and politely refused the invitation , it seems that he did not support the election of Güyük Khan because Güyük and Büri , grandson of Chagatai Khan , had quarreled violently with Batu at a victory banquet during the Mongol occupation of Eastern Europe . Finally , he sent his brothers to the kurultai , and the new Emperor of the Mongols was elected in 1246 . All the senior Rus ' princes , including Yaroslav II of Vladimir , Danylo of Halych , and Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich of Vladimir , acknowledged Batu 's supremacy . However , the Mongol court exterminated some anti-Mongol princes , such as Michael of Chernigov , who had killed a Mongol envoy in 1240 . Batu
Korean War
By 1 October 1950 , the UN Command repelled the KPA northwards past the 38th parallel ; the ROK Army crossed after them , into North Korea . MacArthur made a statement demanding the KPA 's unconditional surrender . Six days later , on 7 October , with UN authorization , the UN Command forces followed the ROK forces northwards . The X Corps landed at Wonsan ( in southeastern North Korea ) and Riwon ( in northeastern North Korea ) , already captured by ROK forces . The Eighth U.S. Army and the ROK Army drove up western Korea and captured Pyongyang city , the North Korean capital , on 19 October 1950 . The 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team made their first of two combat jumps during the Korean War on 20 October 1950 at Sunchon and Sukchon . The missions of the 187th were to cut the road north going to China , preventing North Korean leaders from escaping from Pyongyang ; and to rescue U.S. prisoners of war . At month 's end , UN forces held 135,000 KPA prisoners of war . As they neared the Sino - Korean border , the UN forces in the west were divided from those in the east by 50 -- 100 miles of mountainous terrain .
Korean War
In October 1950 , FEAF commander General Stratemeyer requested permission to attack the city of Sinuiju , a provincial capital with an estimated population of 60,000 , `` over the widest area of the city , without warning , by burning and high explosive . '' MacArthur 's headquarters responded the following day : `` The general policy enunciated from Washington negates such an attack unless the military situation clearly requires it . Under present circumstances this is not the case . ''
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
In history , the Roman Empire suffered as a result of excessive taxation of its citizens . During the reign of Emperor Caracalla , whose sentiments were very different from the Antonines being inattentive , or rather averse , to the welfare of the people , he found himself under the necessity of gratifying the greed and excessive lifestyle which he had excited in the Army . During his reign , he crushed every part of the empire under the weight of his iron scepter. Old as well as new taxes were at the same time levied in the provinces . In the course of this history , the land tax , the taxes for services and the heavy contributions of corn , wine , oil and meat were exacted from the provinces for the use of the court , army and capital . This noxious weed not totally eradicated again sprang up with the most luxurious growth and going forward darkened the Roman world with its deadly shade .
FIFA World Cup
By May 2015 , the games were under a particularly dark cloud because of the 2015 FIFA corruption case , allegations and criminal charges of bribery , fraud and money laundering to corrupt the issuing of media and marketing rights ( rigged bids ) for FIFA games , with FIFA officials accused of taking bribes totaling more than $150 million over 24 years . In late May , the U.S. Justice Department announced a 47 - count indictment with charges of racketeering , wire fraud and money laundering conspiracy against 14 people . Arrests of over a dozen FIFA officials were made since that time , particularly on 29 May and 3 December . By the end of May 2015 , a total of nine FIFA officials and five executives of sports and broadcasting markets had already been charged on corruption . At the time , FIFA president Sepp Blatter announced he would relinquish his position in February 2016 .
Akbar
By 1559 , the Mughals had launched a drive to the south into Rajputana and Malwa . However , Akbar 's disputes with his regent , Bairam Khan , temporarily put an end to the expansion . The young emperor , at the age of eighteen , wanted to take a more active part in managing affairs . Urged on by his foster mother , Maham Anga , and his relatives , Akbar decided to dispense with the services of Bairam Khan . After yet another dispute at court , Akbar finally dismissed Bairam Khan in the spring of 1560 and ordered him to leave on Hajj to Mecca . Bairam Khan left for Mecca but on his way was goaded by his opponents to rebel . He was defeated by the Mughal army in the Punjab and forced to submit . Akbar forgave him , however , and gave him the option of either continuing in his court or resuming his pilgrimage ; Bairam chose the latter . Bairam Khan was later assassinated on his way to Mecca , allegedly by an Afghan with a personal vendetta .
And Then There Were None (miniseries)
`` Episode 2 '' Craig Viveiros Sarah Phelps 27 December 2015 ( 2015 - 12 - 27 ) 8.45 The poisoning of both victims casts suspicion on Dr. Armstrong , who has his bag searched . As a hunt for the mysterious Mr Owen is conducted on the island , the nature behind the accusations begin to come to light ; Philip Lombard confirms that he killed 21 Africans for a diamond reward , Emily Brent recounts the fateful past of her former maid , Beatrice Taylor , and General MacArthur succumbs to insanity , crippled with guilt over killing his subordinate and wife 's lover , Arthur Richmond . After the General is found with his head smashed in with a telescope , the remaining seven realize that whoever left the mysterious message intends to make good on their threat , according to the rules of the nursery rhyme . Wargrave proposes a damning theory to the others that the killer is one of them . After the butler , Mr Rogers , is found split open with an axe , and Miss Brent is impaled with one of her knitting needles , the five survivors band together to search all the rooms and belongings to unmask the killer and save themselves . `` Episode 3 '' Craig Viveiros Sarah Phelps 28 December 2015 ( 2015 - 12 - 28 ) 8.33 Five of the original ten are left . During a moment of confusion , Judge Wargrave is found with an apparent gunshot wound to the head and declared dead by Dr Armstrong . The judge has been dressed up to match the Chancery verse of the poem . The remaining four engage in a demented bacchanal with alcohol and drugs . Vera and Philip have sex . During the night , the doctor leaves the house , leaving the other three to believe that he is the killer . An attempt for a rescue is initiated , but Blore is ambushed by the killer wearing a bear skin rug , and is fatally stabbed . Subsequently , Dr Armstrong 's corpse is brought in by the tide , leaving only Philip and Vera alive . Vera manages to trick Lombard and lifts his gun . When he charges at her , she shoots him dead . Delirious , she returns to her room where a noose is waiting . In a trance , she begins to hang herself .
Joseph McCarthy
In an incident for which he would be widely criticized , McCarthy lobbied for the commutation of death sentences given to a group of Waffen - SS soldiers convicted of war crimes for carrying out the 1944 Malmedy massacre of American prisoners of war . McCarthy was critical of the convictions because of allegations of torture during the interrogations that led to the German soldiers ' confessions . He charged that the U.S. Army was engaged in a coverup of judicial misconduct , but never presented any evidence to support the accusation . Shortly after this , a poll of the Senate press corps voted McCarthy `` the worst U.S. senator '' currently in office .
History of India
The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji . Historian Sir . J.N. Sarkar wrote , `` All seemed to have been gained by Aurangzeb now , but in reality all was lost . '' The same was echoed by Vincent Smith : `` The Deccan proved to be the graveyard not only of Aurangzeb 's body but also of his empire '' . Aurangazeb is considered India 's most controversial king . He was less tolerant than his predecessors , reintroducing the jizya tax and destroying several historical temples , while at the same time building more Hindu temples than he destroyed , employing significantly more Hindus in his imperial bureaucracy than his predecessors , and opposing Sunni Muslim bigotry against Hindus and Shia Muslims . However , he is often blamed for the erosion of the tolerant syncretic tradition of his predecessors , as well as increasing brutality and centralisation , which may have played a large part in the dynasty 's downfall after Aurangzeb , who unlike previous emperors , imposed relatively less pluralistic policies on the general population , which may have inflamed the majority Hindu population .
Western Roman Empire
The Vandals began to increasingly fear a Roman invasion . King Gaiseric tried to negotiate a peace with Majorian , who rejected the proposal . In the wake of this , Gaiseric devastated Mauretania , part of his own kingdom , fearing that the Roman army would land there . Having restored control of Hispania , Majorian intended to use his fleet at Carthaginiensis to attack the Vandals . Before he could , the fleet was destroyed , allegedly by traitors paid by the Vandals . Deprived of his fleet , Majorian had to cancel his attack on the Vandals and conclude a peace with Gaiseric . Disbanding his barbarian forces , Majorian intended to return to Rome and issue reforms , stopping at Arelate on his way . Here , Ricimer deposed and arrested him in 461 , having gathered significant aristocratic opposition against Majorian . After five days of beatings and torture , Majorian was beheaded near the river Iria .