vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Medicare (United States)
The 2003 - law payment formulas purposely overcompensated some Part C plans by 12 percent or more on average compared to what Original Medicare beneficiaries received in the same county on average , in order to increase the availability of Part C plans in rural and inner - city geographies . Before 2003 Part C plans tended to be suburban HMOs tied to major nearby teaching hospitals that cost the government the same as or even 5 % less on average than it cost to cover the medical needs of a comparable beneficiary on Original Medicare .
First Fleet
On 26 January 1842 , the Colonial Government in Sydney awarded a life pension of 1 shilling a day to three surviving members of the First Fleet . The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser reported , on Saturday 29 January 1842 : `` The Government have ordered a pension of one shilling per diem to be paid to the survivors of those who came by the first vessel into the Colony . The number of these really ' old hands ' is now reduced to three , of whom , two are now in the Benevolent Asylum , and the other is a fine hale old fellow , who can do a day 's work with more spirit than many of the young fellows lately arrived in the Colony . '' The names of the three recipients are not given .
Smooth muscle tissue
Although the structure and function is basically the same in smooth muscle cells in different organs , their specific effects or end - functions differ .
Executive compensation
As of late March 2012 USA Today 's tally showed the median CEO pay of the S&P 500 for 2011 was $9.6 million .
It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
Each member of the gang shows varying degrees of dishonesty , egotism , selfishness , greed , pettiness , ignorance , laziness , and unethical behavior ; they are often engaged in controversial activities . Episodes usually find them hatching elaborate schemes and often conspiring against one another and others for personal gain , vengeance , or simply the entertainment of watching another 's downfall . They habitually inflict mental , emotional , and physical pain on each other and anyone who crosses their path . They also regularly use blackmail to manipulate one another and others outside of the group .
Morality
Some observers hold that individuals apply distinct sets of moral rules to people depending on their membership of an `` in - group '' ( the individual and those they believe to be of the same group ) or an `` out - group '' ( people not entitled to be treated according to the same rules ) . Some biologists , anthropologists and evolutionary psychologists believe this in - group / out - group discrimination has evolved because it enhances group survival . This belief has been confirmed by simple computational models of evolution . In simulations this discrimination can result in both unexpected cooperation towards the in - group and irrational hostility towards the out - group . Gary R. Johnson and V.S. Falger have argued that nationalism and patriotism are forms of this in - group / out - group boundary . Jonathan Haidt has noted that experimental observation indicating an in - group criterion provides one moral foundation substantially used by conservatives , but far less so by liberals .
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005
Ex-Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh released an anthologys of research studies on the MGNREGA called `` MGNREGA Sameeksha '' in New Delhi on 14 July 2012 , about a year before the CAG report . Aruna Roy and Nikhil Dey said that `` the MGNREGA Sameeksha is a significant innovation to evaluate policy and delivery '' . The anthology draws on independent assessments of MGNREGA conducted by Indian Institutes of Management ( IIMs ) , Indian Institutes of Technology ( IITs ) and others in collaboration with United Nations Development Programme ( UNDP ) published from 2008 to 2012 . The Prime Minister said :
Executive compensation
The explosion in executive pay has become controversial , criticized by not only leftists but conservative establishmentarians such as Peter Drucker , John Bogle , Warren Buffett .
Air New Zealand
Airpoints members receive Status Points for almost every Air New Zealand flight , as well as many other flights with its Star Alliance partners . Status Points enable members to reach a higher status faster . Status Points will still be granted even on discount fares ( such as Smart Saver and grabaseat fares ) that normally do not earn Airpoints Dollars .
Household income in the United States
Households headed by persons between the ages of 45 and 54 had a median household income of $61,111 and a mean household income of $77,634 . The median income per member of household for this particular group was $27,924 . The highest median income per member of household was among those between the ages of 54 and 64 with $30,544 ( The reason this figure is lower than the next group is because pensions and Social Security add to income while a portion of older individuals also have work - related income . ) .
Theatre of ancient Greece
Masks were also made for members of the chorus , who play some part in the action and provide a commentary on the events in which they are caught up . Although there are twelve or fifteen members of the tragic chorus , they all wear the same mask because they are considered to be representing one character .
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005
Furthermore , the Act sets a minimum limit to the wages , to be paid with gender equality , either on a time - rate basis or on a piece - rate basis . The states are required to evolve a set of norms for the measurement of works and schedule of rates . Unemployment allowance must be paid if the work is not provided within the statutory limit of 15 days .
Ben & Jerry's
Ben & Jerry 's used to have a policy that no employee 's rate of pay shall exceed five times that of entry - level employees . In 1995 , entry - level employees were paid $12 hourly , and the highest paid employee was President and Chief Operating Officer Chuck Lacy , who earned $150,000 annually . When Ben Cohen resigned as Chief Executive Officer and Ben & Jerry 's announced the search for a new CEO in 1995 , the company ended the five - to - one - ratio policy .
Homonym
In linguistics , homonyms , broadly defined , are words which sound alike or are spelled alike , but have different meanings . A more restrictive definition sees homonyms as words that are simultaneously homographs ( words that share the same spelling , regardless of their pronunciation ) and homophones ( words that share the same pronunciation , regardless of their spelling ) -- that is to say they have identical pronunciation and spelling , whilst maintaining different meanings . The relationship between a set of homonyms is called homonymy . Examples of homonyms are the pair stalk ( part of a plant ) and stalk ( follow / harass a person ) and the pair left ( past tense of leave ) and left ( opposite of right ) . A distinction is sometimes made between true homonyms , which are unrelated in origin , such as skate ( glide on ice ) and skate ( the fish ) , and polysemous homonyms , or polysemes , which have a shared origin , such as mouth ( of a river ) and mouth ( of an animal ) .
Law firm
British firms typically practise lockstep compensation . In London , entry - level solicitor salaries ( NQ - Newly Qualified ) are typically : ( i ) £ 38,000 - 54,500 at niche and boutique firms ( ii ) £ 61,000 - 65,500 at national firms ( iii ) £ 65,000 - 105,000 at international firms .
Federal Reserve System
The amount of stock a member bank must own is equal to 3 % of its combined capital and surplus . However , holding stock in a Federal Reserve bank is not like owning stock in a publicly traded company . These stocks can not be sold or traded , and member banks do not control the Federal Reserve Bank as a result of owning this stock . From the profits of the Regional Bank of which it is a member , a member bank receives a dividend equal to 6 % of its purchased stock . The remainder of the regional Federal Reserve Banks ' profits is given over to the United States Treasury Department . In 2015 , the Federal Reserve Banks made a profit of $100.2 billion and distributed $2.5 billion in dividends to member banks as well as returning $97.7 billion to the U.S. Treasury .
O'Hare station
For the first 28 years of O'Hare station 's operations , the fare passengers paid the same fare to enter it as they would at any other `` L '' station . The premium fare was imposed on O'Hare passengers in 2013 ; first ( in January 2013 ) , only passengers buying single - ride tickets had to pay the surcharge ; by July of the same year , the surcharge was imposed on most other passengers ( those using a Chicago Card or a Chicago Card Plus ) as well .
Medicare (United States)
Original `` fee - for - service '' Medicare Parts A and B have a standard benefit package that covers medically necessary care as described in the sections above that members can receive from nearly any hospital or doctor in the country ( if that doctor or hospital accepts Medicare ) . Original Medicare beneficiaries who choose to enroll in a Part C Medicare Advantage health plan instead give up none of their rights as an Original Medicare beneficiary , receive the same standard benefits -- as a minimum -- as provided in Original Medicare , and get an annual out of pocket ( OOP ) upper spending limit not included in Original Medicare . However they must typically use only a select network of providers except in emergencies , typically restricted to the area surrounding their legal residence ( which can vary from tens to over 100 miles depending on county ) . Most Part C plans are traditional health maintenance organizations ( HMOs ) that require the patient to have a primary care physician , though a few are preferred provider organizations ( which typically means the provider restrictions are not as confining as with an HMO ) .
Period (periodic table)
In the s - block and p - block of the periodic table , elements within the same period generally do not exhibit trends and similarities in properties ( vertical trends down groups are more significant ) . However , in the d - block , trends across periods become significant , and in the f - block elements show a high degree of similarity across periods .
Institutional review board
The regulations set out the board 's membership and composition requirements , with provisions for diversity in experience , expertise , and institutional affiliation . For example , the minimum number of members is five , at least one scientist , and at least one non-scientist . The guidance strongly suggests that the IRB contain both men and women , but there is no regulatory requirement for gender balance in the IRB 's membership . The full requirements are set out in 21 CFR 56.107 .
Indian general election, 2014
Out of the 542 members analysed , 443 ( 82 % ) have total assets of ₹ 1 crore ( US $160,000 ) or more . In the 15th Lok Sabha , out of 521 members analysed , 300 ( 58 % ) members had assets of ₹ 1 crore ( US $160,000 ) or more .
Triangle
Two triangles are said to be similar if every angle of one triangle has the same measure as the corresponding angle in the other triangle . The corresponding sides of similar triangles have lengths that are in the same proportion , and this property is also sufficient to establish similarity .
Eastern Orthodox Church
A baptized and chrismated Orthodox Christian is a full member of the Church and may receive the Eucharist regardless of age .
Law firm
Australia has regional variation in lawyer salaries , with the highest salary levels in Sydney , followed by Melbourne , Perth , Brisbane , then Adelaide . Salaries vary between top - tier , mid-size , and small firms . At top - tier firms in Sydney , salaries of lawyers who have been admitted to practice range from $75,000 to $92,000 and partners make on average $1,215,000 . In Sydney , mid-tier starting salaries for admitted lawyers range from between $65,000 and $82,000 Most Australian lawyers are not admitted until 10 months into their time at their law firm , since the initial period involves supervised legal training before admission is granted .
President pro tempore of the United States Senate
The salary of the president pro tempore for 2012 was $193,400 , equal to that of the majority leaders and minority leaders of both houses of Congress . If there is a vacancy in the office of vice president , then the salary would be the same as that of the vice president , $230,700 .
Sales taxes in the United States
Sales to businesses and to consumers are generally taxed the same , except as noted in the preceding paragraph . Businesses receive no offset to sales tax collection and payment obligations for their own purchases . This differs significantly from value added taxes .
Starbucks
In 2005 , Starbucks paid out US $165,000 to eight employees at its Kent , Washington , roasting plant to settle charges that they had been retaliated against for being pro-union . At the time , the plant workers were represented by the International Union of Operating Engineers . Starbucks admitted no wrongdoing in the settlement .
Human rights in the Philippines
Special Non-Working Holiday Pay If an employee works on 21 August , Ninoy Aquino Day , 1 November , All Saints Day , and / or 31 December , Last Day of the year , his wage will be : for first eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus thirty percent ( 30 % ) of the daily rate for excess of eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus thirty percent ( 30 % ) of hourly rate on said day If an employee works on 21 August , Ninoy Aquino Day , 1 November , All Saints Day , and / or 31 December , Last Day of the Year and it falls under his rest day , his wage will be for the first eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus fifty percent ( 50 % ) of the daily rate excess of eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus thirty percent ( 30 % ) of hourly rate on said day Regular Holiday Pay Article 93 and 94 of the Philippine Labor Code states that a worker shall be paid his regular daily wage during regular holidays whether or not the employee goes to work . The employer can require an employee to work on any holiday but the employee must be paid an amount double his regular wage . If the holiday falls under the employee 's rest day , and he decides to work , his wage for the first eight ( 8 ) hours of his work will be doubled . If he works for more than eight ( 8 ) hours , then thirty percent ( 30 % ) of his hourly rate will be added to his wage for that day . The regular holidays according to EO 292 as amended by RA 9849 are as follows : New Year - 1 January Maundy Thursday - Movable Date Good Friday - Movable Date Araw ng Kagitingan - 9 April Labor Day - 1 May Independence Day - 12 June National Heroes Day - Last Monday of August Bonifacio Day - 30 November Eid'l Fitr - Movable Date Eid'l Adha - Movable Date Christmas Day - 25 December Rizal Day - 30 December Leave
Labor history of the United States
By 2011 fewer than 7 % of employees in the private sector belonged to unions . The UAW 's numbers of automobile union members are representative of the manufacturing sector : 1,619,000 active members in 1970 , 1,446,000 in 1980 , 952,000 in 1990 , 623,000 in 2004 , and 377,000 in 2010 ( with far more retired than active members ) .
Federal Reserve System
A member bank is a private institution and owns stock in its regional Federal Reserve Bank . All nationally chartered banks hold stock in one of the Federal Reserve Banks . State chartered banks may choose to be members ( and hold stock in their regional Federal Reserve bank ) upon meeting certain standards .
Income inequality in the United States
The U.S. minimum wage was last raised to $7.25 per hour in July 2009 . As of December 2013 , there were 21 states with minimum wages above the Federal minimum , with the State of Washington the highest at $9.32 . Ten states index their minimum wage to inflation .
Income inequality in the United States
The Pew Center reported in January 2014 that 73 % of Americans supported raising the minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 per hour . By party , 53 % of Republicans and 90 % of Democrats favored this action . Also in January 2014 , six hundred economists sent the President and Congress a letter urging for a minimum wage hike to $10.10 an hour by 2016 .
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
House -- About $145 billion for $500 per - worker , $1,000 per - couple tax credits in 2009 and 2010 . For the last half of 2009 , workers could expect to see about $20 a week less withheld from their paychecks starting around June . Millions of Americans who do n't make enough money to pay federal income taxes could file returns next year and receive checks . Individuals making more than $75,000 and couples making more than $150,000 would receive reduced amounts . Senate -- The credit would phase out at incomes of $70,000 for individuals and couples making more than $140,000 and phase out more quickly , reducing the cost to $140 billion . Conference -- Tax Credit reduced to $400 per worker and $800 per couple in 2009 and 2010 and phaseout begins at $75,000 for individuals and $150,000 for joint filers . Note retirees with no wages get nothing . Alternative minimum tax House -- No provision . Senate -- About $70 billion to prevent 24 million taxpayers from paying the alternative minimum tax in 2009 . The tax was designed to make sure wealthy taxpayers ca n't use credits and deductions to avoid paying any taxes or paying at a far lower rate than would otherwise be possible . But it was never indexed to inflation , so critics now contend it taxes people it was not intended to . Congress addresses it each year , usually in the fall . Conference -- Includes a one - year increase in AMT floor to $70,950 for joint filers for 2009 . Expanded child credit House -- $18.3 billion to give greater access to the $1,000 per - child tax credit for low income workers in 2009 and 2010 . Under current law , workers must make at least $12,550 to receive any portion of the credit . The change eliminates the floor , meaning more workers who pay no federal income taxes could receive checks . Senate -- Sets a new income threshold of $8,100 to receive any portion of the credit , reducing the cost to $7.5 billion . Conference -- The income floor for refunds was set at $3,000 for 2009 & 2010 .
Health insurance in India
Hospitalization plans are indemnity plans that pay cost of hospitalization and medical costs of the insured subject to the sum insured . The sum insured can be applied on a per member basis in case of individual health policies or on a floater basis in case of family floater policies . In case of floater policies the sum insured can be utilized by any of the members insured under the plan . These policies do not normally pay any cash benefit . In addition to hospitalization benefits , specific policies may offer a number of additional benefits like maternity and newborn coverage , day care procedures for specific procedures , pre - and post-hospitalization care , domiciliary benefits where patients can not be moved to a hospital , daily cash , and convalescence .
New Edition
Returning from their first major concert tour , the boys were dropped off back at their homes in the projects and were given a check in the amount of $1.87 apiece for their efforts . Tour budget and expenses were given as the explanation as to why they were not paid more . Due to these financial reasons , New Edition parted company with Starr in 1984 ( Starr responded by promptly creating the group New Kids on the Block , essentially formatted after New Edition , but with white teenagers . ) . Meanwhile , the group hired the law firm of Steven and Martin Machat and sued Streetwise for release from a contract that was unenforceable as well as materially breached by Streetwise . The Machats won the legal game and then secured the group a bigger recording deal with major label MCA Records , which won the bidding war among various other major labels . In need of management , the group signed with Steven Machat and his two management partners Rick Smith and Bill Dern . The management company , AMI , proceeded to escalate the group 's profile in both the urban and pop music worlds . Through the production affiliate of AMI , Jump and Shoot , MCA released the group 's self - titled second album the same year . Eclipsing their debut album , New Edition spun off the top five hit `` Cool It Now '' and the top twenty `` Mr. Telephone Man '' , and went on to be certified double platinum in the United States .
Income inequality in the United States
The Economist wrote in December 2013 : `` A minimum wage , providing it is not set too high , could thus boost pay with no ill effects on jobs ... America 's federal minimum wage , at 38 % of median income , is one of the rich world 's lowest . Some studies find no harm to employment from federal of state minimum wages , others see a small one , but none finds any serious damage . ''
Afrikaans
A handful of Afrikaans words are exactly the same as in English . The following Afrikaans sentences , for example , are exactly the same in the two languages , in terms of both their meaning and spelling ; only their pronunciation differs .
Drink can
As of late 2009 , membership in the Brewery Collectibles Club of America was 3,570 , down from a peak of 11,954 in 1978 . Just 19 of the members were under the age of 30 , and the members ' average age had increased to 59 .
Senate
Senate membership can be determined either through elections or appointments . For example , elections are held every three years for half the membership of the Senate of the Philippines , the term of a senator being six years . In contrast , members of the Canadian Senate are appointed by the Governor General upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister of Canada , holding the office until they resign , are removed , or retire at the mandatory age of 75 .
Cost–benefit analysis
The actual compensation an individual would require to have their welfare unchanged by a policy is inexact at best . Surveys ( stated preference techniques ) or market behavior ( revealed preference techniques ) are often used to estimate the compensation associated with a policy . Stated preference technique is a direct way of assessing willingness to pay . Because it involves asking people directly to indicate their willingness to pay for some environmental feature , or some outcome that is closely connected to the state of the environment . However , survey respondents often have strong incentives to misreport their true preferences and market behavior does not provide any information about important non-market welfare impacts . Revealed preference technique is an indirect approaches to individual willingness to pay . People make market choices among certain items that have different characteristics related to the environment , they reveal the value they place on these environmental factors .
Starbucks
In June 2014 , Starbucks announced a new partnership with Arizona State University ( ASU ) that would allow Starbucks employees in their Junior and Senior years of college to complete four years of college at Arizona State University 's online program for only around 23K . Starbucks employees admitted into the program will receive a scholarship from the college , College Achievement Plan ( CAP ) , that will cover 44 % of their tuition . The remaining balance and all other expenses would be paid by the student or through traditional financial aid . In April 2015 , Starbucks and ASU announced an expansion of the College Achievement Program . The program would now allow all eligible part - time and full - time employees working in a U.S. Starbucks to enroll in the program for full - tuition reimbursement . After the completion of each semester , Starbucks reimburses the student their portion of the tuition . The student can then use the reimbursement to pay any loans or debt incurred during the semester .