vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Souris River
Two large dams in Saskatchewan , Rafferty Dam and Alameda Dam were built , in part , to reduce flood peaks on the Souris River .
Standard Oil
Stanvac 's North China Division , based in Shanghai , owned hundreds of river going vessels , including motor barges , steamers , launches , tugboats and tankers . Up to 13 tankers operated on the Yangtze River , the largest of which were Mei Ping ( 1,118 gross tonnage ( GT ) ) , Mei Hsia ( 1,048 GT ) , and Mei An ( 934 GT ) . All three were destroyed in the 1937 USS Panay incident . Mei An was launched in 1901 and was the first vessel in the fleet . Other vessels included Mei Chuen , Mei Foo , Mei Hung , Mei Kiang , Mei Lu , Mei Tan , Mei Su , Mei Xia , Mei Ying , and Mei Yun . Mei Hsia , a tanker , was specially designed for river duty and was built by New Engineering and Shipbuilding Works of Shanghai , who also built the 500 - ton launch Mei Foo in 1912 . Mei Hsia ( `` Beautiful Gorges '' ) was launched in 1926 and carried 350 tons of bulk oil in three holds , plus a forward cargo hold , and space between decks for carrying general cargo or packed oil . She had a length of 206 feet ( 63 m ) , a beam of 32 feet ( 9.8 m ) , depth of 10 feet 6 inches ( 3.2 m ) , and had a bullet - proof wheelhouse . Mei Ping ( `` Beautiful Tranquility '' ) , launched in 1927 , was designed offshore , but assembled and finished in Shanghai . Its oil - fuel burners came from the U.S. and water - tube boilers came from England .
Godavari River
Said to further epitomise the insensitivity towards Godavari , is the Polavaram Project which is touted to be gigantic -- both in terms of size and violations . Deemed as being pointless and politically driven , the project raises questions about environmental clearance , displacement of upstream human habitations , loss of forest cover , technicalities in the dam design which are said to play down flood threats and unsafe embankments .
River delta
Ancient deltas are a benefit to the economy due to their well sorted sand and gravel . Sand and gravel is often quarried from these old deltas and used in concrete for highways , buildings , sidewalks , and even landscaping . More than 1 billion tons of sand and gravel are produced in the United States alone . Not all sand and gravel quarries are former deltas , but for ones that are , a lot of the sorting is already done by the power of water .
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
Production designer Harper Goff centered the factory on the massive Chocolate Room . According to Paris Themmen , who played Mike Teevee , `` The river was made of water with food coloring . At one point , they poured some cocoa powder into it to try to thicken it but it did n't really work . When asked this question , Michael Böllner , who played Augustus Gloop , answers , ' It vas dirty , stinking vater . ' ''
Mississippi River
In the spring of 1927 , the river broke out of its banks in 145 places , during the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and inundated 27,000 sq mi ( 70,000 km ) to a depth of up to 30 feet ( 9.1 m ) .
Midwestern United States
The Northwest Ordinance region , comprising the heart of the Midwest , was the first large region of the United States that prohibited slavery ( the Northeastern United States emancipated slaves in the 1830s ) . The regional southern boundary was the Ohio River , the border of freedom and slavery in American history and literature ( see Uncle Tom 's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and Beloved by Toni Morrison ) .
Mississippi River
The `` Big Freeze '' of 1918 -- 19 blocked river traffic north of Memphis , Tennessee , preventing transportation of coal from southern Illinois . This resulted in widespread shortages , high prices , and rationing of coal in January and February .
Loyalist (American Revolution)
Thousands of Iroquois and other Native Americans were expelled from New York and other states and resettled in Canada . The descendants of one such group of Iroquois , led by Joseph Brant ( Thayendenegea ) , settled at Six Nations of the Grand River , the largest First Nations reserve in Canada . ( The remainder , under the leadership of Cornplanter ( John Abeel ) and members of his family , stayed in New York . ) A group of African - American Loyalists settled in Nova Scotia but emigrated again for Sierra Leone after facing discrimination there .
Indus River
This river was known to the ancient Indians in Sanskrit as Sindhu , which is literally interpreted to mean `` large body of water , sea , or ocean '' . The Proto - Iranian sound change * s > h occurred between 850 -- 600 BCE , according to Asko Parpola , causing its Avestan name to become Hendu , From Iran , the name passed to the Greeks as Indós ( `` Ἰνδός '' ) and to the Romans as Indus . The Persian name for the river was Darya , which similarly has the connotations of large body of water and sea .
Led Zeppelin
In 1977 , Led Zeppelin embarked on another major concert tour of North America . The band set another attendance record , with an audience of 76,229 at their Silverdome concert on 30 April . It was , according to the Guinness Book of Records , the largest attendance to that date for a single act show . Although the tour was financially profitable , it was beset by off - stage problems . On 19 April , over 70 people were arrested as about 1,000 fans tried to gatecrash Cincinnati Riverfront Coliseum for two sold - out concerts , while others tried to gain entry by throwing rocks and bottles through glass doors . On 3 June , a concert at Tampa Stadium was cut short because of a severe thunderstorm , despite tickets indicating `` Rain or Shine '' . A riot broke out , resulting in arrests and injuries .
River Thames
Beyond central London , the river passes Bermondsey , Wapping , Shadwell , Limehouse , Rotherhithe , Millwall , Deptford , Greenwich , Cubitt Town , Blackwall , New Charlton and Silvertown , before flowing through the Thames Barrier , which protects central London from flooding by storm surges . Below the barrier , the river passes Woolwich , Thamesmead , Dagenham , Erith , Purfleet , Dartford , West Thurrock , Northfleet , Tilbury and Gravesend before entering the Thames Estuary near Southend - on - Sea .
Fox River (Wisconsin)
During the French colonization of the Americas , this route was used frequently by fur traders . French - Canadian men who established homes on the Fox River married First Nation women , producing mixed - race descendants who were generally raised within the matrilineal cultures of their mothers and identified with the tribes . In Canada , the Metis of the Red River of the North are classified as a distinct ethnicity because of their shared culture .
Amazon River
In the lower reaches of the river , the north bank consists of a series of steep , table - topped hills extending for about 240 kilometres ( 150 mi ) from opposite the mouth of the Xingu as far as Monte Alegre . These hills are cut down to a kind of terrace which lies between them and the river .
United States
Due to the dot - com boom , stable monetary policy under Alan Greenspan , and reduced social welfare spending , the 1990s saw the longest economic expansion in modern U.S. history , ending in 2001 . Beginning in 1994 , the U.S. entered into the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) , linking 450 million people producing $17 trillion worth of goods and services . The goal of the agreement was to eliminate trade and investment barriers among the U.S. , Canada , and Mexico by January 1 , 2008 . Trade among the three partners has soared since NAFTA went into force .
London Bridge
London Bridge London Bridge in 2006 Coordinates 51 ° 30 ′ 29 '' N 0 ° 05 ′ 16 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 51.50806 ° N 0.08778 ° W ﻿ / 51.50806 ; - 0.08778 Carries Five lanes of the A3 Crosses River Thames Locale Central London Maintained by Bridge House Estates , City of London Corporation Preceded by Cannon Street Railway Bridge Followed by Tower Bridge Characteristics Design Prestressed concrete box girder bridge Total length 269 m ( 882.5 ft ) Width 32 m ( 105.0 ft ) Longest span 104 m ( 341.2 ft ) Clearance below 8.9 m ( 29.2 ft ) Design life Modern bridge ( 1971 -- present ) Victorian stone arch ( 1832 -- 1968 ) Medieval stone arch ( 1176 -- 1832 ) Various wooden bridges ( AD 50 -- 1176 ) History Opened 17 March 1973 ; 44 years ago ( 1973 - 03 - 17 )
Austin, Texas
The central business district of Austin is home to the tallest condo towers in the state , with the under construction Independent ( 58 stories and 690 feet ( 210 metres ) . tall ) and The Austonian ( topping out at 56 floors and 685 feet ( 209 metres ) . tall ) . The Independent will supplant The Austonian as the tallest all - residential building in the U.S. west of the Mississippi River when completed in 2018 .
Boreal forest of Canada
Canada 's boreal landscape contains more lakes and rivers than any comparably sized landmass on earth . It has been estimated that the boreal region contains over 1.5 million lakes with a minimum surface area of 40,000 square metres as well as some of Canada 's largest lakes . Soft water lakes predominate in central and eastern Canada and hard water lakes predominate in Western Canada . Most large boreal lakes have cold water species of fish like trout and whitefish , while in warmer waters , species may include northern pike , walleye and smallmouth bass .
The O2
The area is served by the Jubilee line 's North Greenwich tube station , which was opened just before the millennium exhibition , and by bus routes . Thames Clippers operate a river boat service for London River Services ; the present tenants , AEG , purchased Thames Clippers in order to provide river links between central London and The O2 . As well as a commuter service , Thames Clippers operates the O2 Express service . Local buses also serve the station and the nearby O2 .
River Thames
Several central London road bridges were built in the 19th century , most conspicuously Tower Bridge , the only Bascule bridge on the river , designed to allow ocean - going ships to pass beneath it . The most recent road bridges are the bypasses at Isis Bridge and Marlow By - pass Bridge and the motorway bridges , most notably the two on the M25 route Queen Elizabeth II Bridge and M25 Runnymede Bridge .
Illinois
American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans . The Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation . Cahokia , the largest regional chiefdom and urban center of the Pre-Columbian Mississippian culture , was located near present - day Collinsville , Illinois . They built an urban complex of more than 100 platform and burial mounds , a 50 - acre ( 20 ha ) plaza larger than 35 football fields , and a woodhenge of sacred cedar , all in a planned design expressing the culture 's cosmology . Monks Mound , the center of the site , is the largest Pre-Columbian structure north of the Valley of Mexico . It is 100 feet ( 30 m ) high , 951 feet ( 290 m ) long , 836 feet ( 255 m ) wide , and covers 13.8 acres ( 5.6 ha ) . It contains about 814,000 cubic yards ( 622,000 m ) of earth . It was topped by a structure thought to have measured about 105 feet ( 32 m ) in length and 48 feet ( 15 m ) in width , covered an area 5,000 square feet ( 460 m ) , and been as much as 50 feet ( 15 m ) high , making its peak 150 feet ( 46 m ) above the level of the plaza . The finely crafted ornaments and tools recovered by archaeologists at Cahokia include elaborate ceramics , finely sculptured stonework , carefully embossed and engraved copper and mica sheets , and one funeral blanket for an important chief fashioned from 20,000 shell beads . These artifacts indicate that Cahokia was truly an urban center , with clustered housing , markets , and specialists in toolmaking , hide dressing , potting , jewelry making , shell engraving , weaving and salt making . The civilization vanished in the 15th century for unknown reasons , but historians and archeologists have speculated that the people depleted the area of resources . Many indigenous tribes engaged in constant warfare . According to Suzanne Austin Alchon , `` At one site in the central Illinois River valley , one third of all adults died as a result of violent injuries . '' The next major power in the region was the Illinois Confederation or Illini , a political alliance .
Ecuador
The Andes is the watershed divisor between the Amazon watershed , which runs to the east , and the Pacific , including the north -- south rivers Mataje , Santiago , Esmeraldas , Chone , Guayas , Jubones , and Puyango - Tumbes .
Tower Bridge
Tower Bridge Carries A100 Tower Bridge Road Crosses River Thames Locale London boroughs : -- north side : Tower Hamlets -- south side : Southwark Maintained by Bridge House Estates Heritage status Grade I listed structure Preceded by London Bridge Followed by Queen Elizabeth II Bridge Characteristics Design Bascule bridge / Suspension Bridge Total length 801 ft ( 244 m ) Height 213 ft ( 65 m ) Longest span 270 ft ( 82.3 m ) Clearance below 28 ft ( 8.6 m ) ( closed ) 139 ft ( 42.5 m ) ( open ) ( mean high water spring tide ) History Opened 30 June 1894 ; 123 years ago ( 1894 - 06 - 30 )
River Thames
The 1928 Thames flood was a disastrous flood of the River Thames that affected much of riverside London on 7 January 1928 , as well as places further downriver . Fourteen people were drowned in London and thousands were made homeless when flood waters poured over the top of the Thames Embankment and part of the Chelsea Embankment collapsed . It was the last major flood to affect central London , and , particularly following the disastrous North Sea flood of 1953 , helped lead to the implementation of new flood - control measures that culminated in the construction of the Thames Barrier in the 1970s .
Seine
At Paris , there are 37 bridges . The river is only 24 metres ( 79 ft ) above sea level 446 kilometres ( 277 mi ) from its mouth , making it slow flowing and thus easily navigable .
Seine
The Seine Maritime , 105.7 kilometres ( 65.7 mi ) from the English Channel at Le Havre to Rouen , is the only portion of the Seine used by ocean - going craft . The tidal section of the Seine Maritime is followed by a canalized section with four large multiple locks until the mouth of the Oise at Conflans - Sainte - Honorine . Multiple locks at Bougival / Chatou and at Suresnes lift the vessels to the level of the river in Paris , where the mouth of the Marne is located . Upstream from Paris seven locks ensure navigation to Saint Mammès , where the Loing mouth is situated . Through an eighth lock the river Yonne is reached at Montereau - Fault - Yonne . From the mouth of the Yonne , larger ships can continue upstream to Nogent - sur - Seine . From there on , the river is navigable only by small craft . All navigation ends abruptly at Marcilly - sur - Seine , where the ancient Canal de la Haute - Seine used to allow vessels to continue all the way to Troyes . This canal has been abandoned for many years .
River Thames
The Thames flows through or alongside Ashton Keynes , Cricklade , Lechlade , Oxford , Abingdon - on - Thames , Wallingford , Goring - on - Thames and Streatley , Pangbourne and Whitchurch - on - Thames , Reading , Wargrave , Henley - on - Thames , Marlow , Maidenhead , Windsor and Eton , Staines - upon - Thames and Egham , Chertsey , Shepperton , Weybridge , Sunbury - on - Thames , Walton - on - Thames , Molesey and Thames Ditton . The river was subject to minor redefining and widening of the main channel around Oxford , Abingdon and Marlow before 1850 , since when further cuts to ease navigation have reduced distances further .
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor was originally an extensive shallow embayment called Wai Momi ( meaning , `` Waters of Pearl '' ) or Pu ʻuloa ( meaning , `` long hill '' ) by the Hawaiians . Pu ʻuloa was regarded as the home of the shark goddess , Ka ʻahupahau , and her brother ( or son ) , Kahi ʻuka , in Hawaiian legends . According to tradition , Keaunui , the head of the powerful Ewa chiefs , is credited with cutting a navigable channel near the present Pu ʻuloa saltworks , by which he made the estuary , known as `` Pearl River , '' accessible to navigation . Making due allowance for legendary amplification , the estuary already had an outlet for its waters where the present gap is ; but Keaunui is typically given the credit for widening and deepening it .
Hoover Dam
As the United States developed the Southwest , the Colorado River was seen as a potential source of irrigation water . An initial attempt at diverting the river for irrigation purposes occurred in the late 1890s , when land speculator William Beatty built the Alamo Canal just north of the Mexican border ; the canal dipped into Mexico before running to a desolate area Beatty named the Imperial Valley . Though water from the Imperial Canal allowed for the widespread settlement of the valley , the canal proved expensive to maintain . After a catastrophic breach that caused the Colorado River to fill the Salton Sea , the Southern Pacific Railroad spent $3 million in 1906 -- 07 to stabilize the waterway , an amount it hoped vainly would be reimbursed by the Federal Government . Even after the waterway was stabilized , it proved unsatisfactory because of constant disputes with landowners on the Mexican side of the border . River
Amazon River
At first , navigation was principally confined to the main river ; and even in 1857 a modification of the government contract only obliged the company to a monthly service between Pará and Manaus , with steamers of 200 tons cargo capacity , a second line to make six round voyages a year between Manaus and Tabatinga , and a third , two trips a month between Pará and Cametá . This was the first step in opening up the vast interior .
Jamestown, Virginia
Late in 1606 , English colonizers set sail with a charter from the London Company to establish a colony in the New World . The fleet consisted of the ships Susan Constant , Discovery , and Godspeed , all under the leadership of Captain Christopher Newport . They made a particularly long voyage of four months , including a stop in the Canary Islands and subsequently Puerto Rico , and finally departed for the American mainland on April 10 , 1607 . The expedition made landfall on April 26 , 1607 at a place which they named Cape Henry . Under orders to select a more secure location , they set about exploring what is now Hampton Roads and an outlet to the Chesapeake Bay which they named the James River in honor of King James I of England . Captain Edward Maria Wingfield was elected president of the governing council on April 25 , 1607 . On May 14 , he selected a piece of land on a large peninsula some 40 miles ( 64 km ) inland from the Atlantic Ocean as a prime location for a fortified settlement . The river channel was a defensible strategic point due to a curve in the river , and it was close to the land , making it navigable and offering enough land for piers or wharves to be built in the future . Perhaps the most favorable fact about the location was that it was not inhabited by nearby Virginia Indian tribes , who regarded the site as too poor and remote for agriculture . The island was swampy and isolated , and it offered limited space , was plagued by mosquitoes , and afforded only brackish tidal river water unsuitable for drinking .
Adams–Onís Treaty
North and thence by that parallel of Latitude to the South - Sea ( Pacific Ocean ) . The whole being as laid down in Melishe 's Map of the United States , published at Philadelphia , improved to the first of January 1818 . But if the Source of the Arkansas River shall be found to fall North or South of Latitude 42 , then the Line shall run from the said Source ( 39 ° 15 ′ 30 '' N 106 ° 20 ′ 38 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 39.2583225 ° N 106.3439141 ° W ﻿ / 39.2583225 ; - 106.3439141 ﻿ ( Arkansas River source ) ) due South or North , as the case may be , till it meets the said Parallel of Latitude 42 ( 42 ° 00 ′ 00 '' N 106 ° 20 ′ 38 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 42 ° N 106.3439141 ° W ﻿ / 42 ; - 106.3439141 ﻿ ( 42 ° N 106 ° 20 ′ 38 '' W ) ) , and thence along the said Parallel to the South Sea ( 42 ° 00 ′ 00 '' N 124 ° 12 ′ 46 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 42 ° N 124.21266 ° W ﻿ / 42 ; - 124.21266 ﻿ ( Pacific Coast at 42 ° N ) ) .
Narmada River
Investigations for harnessing the Narmada waters started around the time of independence , when Central Waterways , Irrigation and Navigation Commission ( CWINC ) identified several storage schemes and in 1948 the Khosla Committee prioritised the proposals and named Tawa , Bargi , Punasa and Bharuch projects ( the last three on the main stem of the river ) for preparation of reports . The reports were ready by 1963 . A parallel study of hydropower potential identified 16 sites with a potential of 1300 MW . While the project in Gujarat , the Baruch Weir project ( for which Jawaharlal Nehru laid the foundation stone in 1961 ) went through a series of modifications and improvements with a reformed scheme at Navagam village to extend benefits up to the Rann of Kutch , following the bifurcation of the erstwhile Bombay state into Maharashtra and Gujarat states and Gujarat 's intent to raise the height of the dam at Navagam to maximise storage benefits at the cost of submergence of potential hydropower sites in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh , there was a dispute between the states . It resulted in an impasse in the implementation of the agreed projects at Navagam in Gujarat , Punasa in Madhya Pradesh and Bargi Dam in Madhya Pradesh and power benefit sharing among the states ; with Madhya Pradesh refusing to ratify the agreements . To break the logjam , a high level Committee was appointed by the Government of India ( GOI ) in September 1964 . In 1965 , the Committee prepared a Master Plan for the basin , which involved construction of 12 major projects in MP and the Navagam Dam in Gujarat . It provided priority to irrigation over power ; irrigation of 2,630 square kilometres ( 1,020 sq mi ) in MP , 400 square kilometres ( 150 sq mi ) in Maharashtra , 460 square kilometres ( 180 sq mi ) in Gujarat and 4,000 square kilometres ( 1,500 sq mi ) in Rajasthan . The storages it recommended in MP involved Bargi , Tawa and Narmadasagar ( Punasa ) while its proposed Navagam high dam would submerge the hydelpower project sites of Jalasindhi ( in Maharashtra ) and Harinphal ( MP ) but without any more submergence than would be caused by the three dams if separately constructed . Gujarat endorsed the proposal , but Maharashtra was not willing to go by it .
River Thames
Oh born in days when wits were fresh and clear And life ran gaily as the sparkling Thames ; Before this strange disease of modern life .
Amazon River
On 6 September 1850 , Emperor Pedro II of Brazil sanctioned a law authorising steam navigation on the Amazon and gave the Viscount of Mauá ( Irineu Evangelista de Sousa ) the task of putting it into effect . He organised the `` Companhia de Navegação e Comércio do Amazonas '' in Rio de Janeiro in 1852 ; in the following year it commenced operations with four small steamers , the Monarca ( ' Monarch ' ) , the Cametá , the Marajó and the Rio Negro .
United States Postal Service
However , as the recent notice of a termination of mail service to residents of the Frank Church -- River of No Return Wilderness indicates , mail service has been contracted to private firms such as Arnold Aviation for many decades . KTVB - TV reported :
Mississippi River
In 1907 , Congress authorized a 6 - foot - deep ( 1.8 m ) channel project on the Mississippi , which was not complete when it was abandoned in the late 1920s in favor of the 9 - foot - deep ( 2.7 m ) channel project .