vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Caesarean section
Conventionally , caesarean sections are classified as being either an elective surgery or an emergency operation . Classification is used to help communication between the obstetric , midwifery and anaesthetic team for discussion of the most appropriate method of anaesthesia . The decision whether to perform general anesthesia or regional anesthesia ( spinal or epidural anaesthetic ) is important and is based on many indications , including how urgent the delivery needs to be as well as the medical and obstetric history of the woman . Regional anaesthetic is almost always safer for the woman and the baby but sometimes general anaesthetic is safer for one or both , and the classification of urgency of the delivery is an important issue affecting this decision .
Peyton Sawyer
In season 3 , Peyton learns that she was adopted , and that Ellie really is her biological mother . Lucas witnesses Ellie purchasing drugs , but he learns that she was buying them for medical reasons ; she has breast cancer . Meanwhile , Peyton is angry with Haley because she left Tree Hill to go on tour , but soon they make amends , and Peyton reveals that her hostility toward Haley was because she was the only one that came back out of all the people who have left her . Peyton soon grows close to Ellie , and they collaborate on a CD called Friends with Benefit , which benefits breast cancer research ; there will also be a concert for it at TRIC and Haley is one of the performers . Unfortunately , Ellie dies before she sees the CD or the concert , leaving Peyton devastated . A school shooting breaks out later in the season ( `` With Tired Eyes , Tired Minds , Tired Souls , We Slept '' ) , where Peyton is left fighting for her life after being the one shot. Lucas and Nathan run inside the building to save Peyton and Haley ; Lucas finds Peyton bleeding out of her leg inside the school 's library . She can not walk due to the injury , so escaping is out of the question . Lucas and Peyton stay in hiding , and Lucas wraps her leg , hoping to help the bleeding and pain subside . As Peyton is falling in and out of consciousness , he forces her to talk about a fun day she once had . Minutes later , after earning a promise from Lucas about everything being okay , Peyton loses hope of surviving , despite Lucas promising to get her out of there alive ; she kisses him , wanting to let him know that she loves him before she dies . Lucas returns the kiss , and Peyton soon falls unconscious . Lucas , not wanting her to die , carries her out of the building , even at the risk of being killed by the shooter .
Who Do You Think You Are? (UK TV series)
Who Do You Think You Are ? Genre Documentary Narrated by David Morrissey ( 2004 ) Mark Strong ( 2006 -- 2012 ) Cherie Lunghi ( 2013 -- 2016 ) Phil Davis ( 2017 -- ) Country of origin United Kingdom Original language ( s ) English No. of series 14 No. of episodes 128 and 2 specials ( as of 7 September 2017 or Series 14 , Episode 9 ) Specials : 11 July 2007 : Adoption Special 6 August 2014 : 10 Years , 100 Shows Special Production Running time 60 minutes Production company ( s ) Wall to Wall Distributor Warner Bros. Television Productions UK Release Original network BBC Two ( 2004 -- 06 ) BBC One ( 2006 -- ) Original release 12 October 2004 ( 2004 - 10 - 12 ) -- present External links Website
Lion
The average gestation period is around 110 days , the female giving birth to a litter of one to four cubs in a secluded den ( which may be a thicket , a reed - bed , a cave , or some other sheltered area ) usually away from the rest of the pride . She will often hunt by herself while the cubs are still helpless , staying relatively close to the thicket or den where the cubs are kept . The cubs themselves are born blind -- their eyes do not open until roughly a week after birth . They weigh 1.2 -- 2.1 kg ( 2.6 -- 4.6 lb ) at birth and are almost helpless , beginning to crawl a day or two after birth and walking around three weeks of age . The lioness moves her cubs to a new den site several times a month , carrying them one by one by the nape of the neck , to prevent scent from building up at a single den site and thus avoiding the attention of predators that may harm the cubs .
Vehicle registration plates of France
Following the rapid development of the motor vehicle at the end of the 19th century , French authorities adopted a nationwide registration system in 1901 . The 11 September 1901 Circular created a regional system and registration plates contained three numbers followed by a letter identifying a region . In 1899 , the Mining Administration had been chosen to approve car engines , and it logically had to attribute the new plates . The administration decided to use its regional mapping and attributed a letter to each of its district . Each district gathered up to ten error : ( ( lang ) ) : no text ( help ) . They were only used by the Mining Administration and they have nothing to do with present - day French regions .
International Financial Reporting Standards
The revised IAS 1 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009 . Early adoption is permitted .
History of calendars
Most of the regional Hindu calendars are inherited from a system standardized in classical Hindu astronomy as adopted via Indo - Greek transmission in the final centuries BCE , and reformed by Gupta era astronomers such as Āryabhaṭa and Varāhamihira .
Maggie Horton
Maggie and Mickey 's marriage is in trouble by 1990 . Mickey is always at work and constantly lets down Maggie and misses dinner dates and other important functions . Maggie ends up seeking solace in the arms of doctor Neil Curtis . Maggie 's daughter , Sarah , caught Maggie and Neil and takes pictures of them together in bed . Sarah is ready to expose them when Maggie and Neil reveal a shocking secret to her : Neil is Sarah 's true father . Sarah still exposes them and the news devastates her adopted father , Mickey . Though Mickey is hurt , he feels he is partly to blame for Maggie 's infidelity . Mickey and Maggie patch up their marriage , and Neil leaves Salem .
Dorothy Gale
In Emerald City , Dorothy is an adult when she is taken to Oz , working as a nurse . She is still living with Em and Henry , but here they are identified as her adopted parents , her biological mother having left her with them as a baby and only recently getting back in touch with Dorothy . Months after receiving the letter , Dorothy makes her first official visit to her biological mother when the tornado occurs that takes her to Oz . Faced with an Oz that is increasingly opposed to magic on the Wizard 's orders and accused of the death of the Witch of the East - which was initially an accident and later self - defence when the Witch survived her injuries - Dorothy learns more about her true ties to this world as she searches for answers , accompanied by a police German Shepherd she names ' Toto ' and the amnesic Lucas . The TV series concludes with her returning to Earth after the wizard 's forces are decimated by the Beast Forever , but she is subsequently contacted by Lucas and Toto - both of whom she left behind in Oz - appearing to her in Kansas to ask for help .
Prince Charming
After James 's death his brother found out the truth and took his place , becoming engaged to Abigail , daughter of King Midas ( reluctantly , after his family is threatened by the real prince 's adoptive father ) in a deal that unites two kingdoms with Midas giving the King George gold in exchange for the prince defeating a dragon . Later , the prince meets and marries Snow White with whom he has a daughter named Emma and finds out he has a grandson named Henry . In Storybrooke , David is a John Doe with amnesia who meets and falls for Mary Margaret , who is really Snow White , before recovering his memory and working at the Storybrooke Sheriff Department . He later has another child with Snow White named Neal . A Charming Affair ( ca 2011 -- 2013 ) by Robert Scott ( 1984 ) is an 8 - minute sketch published by Lazy Bee Scripts portraying Prince Charming as a bigamist . When Snow White , Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty learn the truth , they plan to assassinate him with a poisoned apple . The sketch was performed in 2014 in Short and Sweet Theatre Festival by the American Theatre of Dubai , and the script became the Judges Award Winner . In the book series The Land of Stories ( 2012 ) by Chris Colfer , there are four Prince Charmings , who are brothers . Three of them are married with Snow White , Cinderella , and Sleeping Beauty , the other is lost .
Teacher tenure reform (United States)
California was the first state to adopt a tenure system . They have made many attempts to reform their system . One of the more recent attempts was made by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in January 2005 . He tried to pass an act ( Excellence in Teaching Act ) which would pay teachers on the basis of their performance . He also wanted to enact the `` Put the Kids First Act '' which would extend the probation period of teachers to five years ( it is currently two years ) . This act would also allow a school to fire teachers after two unsatisfactory ratings . The school would no longer have to give the teacher 90 days to improve their performance before being fired . This stirred up much controversy among the teachers in California . The act was voted on and was never passed . Florida - In 1997 a major movement toward reforming tenure took place . This reform is considered a success . This tenure reform reduced the probationary period a teacher worked to achieve tenure to 97 days instead of a year . During those 97 days , a teacher could be fired without just cause . The results of this tenure reform do not seem to be making any major improvements in Florida 's tenure system . Only 101 of Florida 's 10,689 new teachers were dismissed by the school in 1998 . While this reform is considered a success , teacher unions stepped in and won back many protections . In 2009 , a new plan was proposed . Legislators wished to get rid of tenure for all new teachers . Tenure would be replaced with yearly renewable contracts . After ten years , a teacher would be eligible for renewable contracts which would last up to five years . This plan was never passed by the Senate . New York - In 2007 , Mayor Michael Bloomberg voiced his concern that although teachers could be let go easily during the three year probation period , they hardly were . In 2008 , Bloomberg introduced the Principal Portal . This was a tool that principals would use to help evaluate their teachers . It gave them guidelines to follow and base their decisions on . The Principal Portal was successful . The amount of teachers let go during their probation period doubled in the first year . Bloomberg also wished to have students test scores incorporated in the tenure process .
Postterm pregnancy
Regular movements of the baby is the best sign indicating that it is still in good health . The mother should keep a `` kick - chart '' to record the movements of her baby . A rate of fewer than 10 movements in 2 hours is not a good sign , and a doctor should be contacted . If there is a reduction in the number of movements it could indicate placental deterioration .
Kat Chapman
Kat and Ash eventually decide to end their relationship , after it becomes strained due to her long work hours and lack of commitment to Ash and Luc . Mason commented that it was `` a tough situation '' for them both . Ash expects Kat to step up because she loves him , but she does not . When Ash tells Kat that he wants them to adopt Luc , she refuses as she does not want to be a mother and Ash realises their relationship is over . Mason continued , `` Ash ca n't blame Kat for feeling that way , but it hurts him . He 'll do whatever is best for Luc . '' Kat leaves their home and Ash turns to their mutal friend Tori Morgan ( Penny McNamee ) for support .
List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters
In season 2 , Karen is revealed to be attending Sex Addicts Anonymous and dating a fellow addict named Jody . Though she later marries Jody , she continually cheats on him with Lip . She becomes pregnant and is unsure who the father is . She attempts to sell the baby to a childless couple for as much as possible . At the end of season 2 , Karen gives birth to a baby with Down syndrome . The baby is also Asian , indicating that neither Lip nor Jody is the father . The couple who planned to adopt the baby back out due to his disability and Sheila insists on raising him , even giving him the name Hymie . When Sheila refuses to send the baby away , Karen runs away .
Cell-free fetal DNA
Preeclampsia is a complex condition of pregnancy involving hypertension and proteinuria usually after 20 weeks gestation . It is associated with poor cytotrophoblastic invasion of the myometrium . Onset of the condition between 20 and 34 weeks gestation , is considered `` early '' . Maternal plasma samples in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia have significantly higher levels of cffDNA that those in normal pregnancies . This holds true for early onset preeclampsia .
Capital punishment in the United States
William Kemmler was the first person executed in the electric chair in 1890 . After being pronounced dead after 17 seconds , he was found to be still alive . A second current was passed through him , which was successful . The execution took 2 minutes . In Arizona , it took Joseph Wood 2 hours to die after being injected . In Alabama , the execution of Doyle Hamm was cancelled after the prison medical staff had failed to find a vein to insert the lethal injection needle . They attempted for 2 and a half hours and punctured Hamm 's skin at least 10 times . In Florida , Jesse Joseph Tafero had flames burst from his hair during an electrocution . Wallace Wilkerson died after 27 minutes in pain after the firing squad failed to shoot him in the heart . Because of this , the constitutionality of the use of the firing squad was questioned . The Supreme Court of the United States affirmed that the firing squad did not violate the 8th Amendment in the case Wilkerson v. Utah ( 1879 ) . In New Mexico , Thomas Ketchum was decapitated when his body fell through the trap door during his hanging . In Mississippi , Jimmy Lee Gray died after being in the gas chamber for 9 minutes . During the procedure , Gray thrashed and banged his head against the metal pole behind his head while struggling to breathe .
Caesarean section
Women who had caesarean sections are more likely to have problems with later pregnancies , and it is recommended that women who want larger families should not seek an elective caesarean unless there are medical indications to do so . The risk of placenta accreta , a potentially life - threatening condition which is more likely to develop where a woman has had a previous caesarean section , is 0.13 % after two caesarean sections , but increases to 2.13 % after four and then to 6.74 % after six or more . Along with this is a similar rise in the risk of emergency hysterectomies at delivery .
Red deer
Female red deer reach sexual maturity at 2 years of age . Red deer mating patterns usually involve a dozen or more mating attempts before the first successful one . There may be several more matings before the stag will seek out another mate in his harem . Red deer are among mammals exhibiting homosexual behavior . Females in their second autumn can produce one or very rarely two offspring per year . The gestation period is 240 to 262 days , and the offspring weigh about 15 kg ( 33 lb ) . After two weeks , calves are able to join the herd and are fully weaned after two months . All red deer calves are born spotted , as is common with many deer species , and lose their spots by the end of summer . However , as in many species of Old World deer , some adults do retain a few spots on the backs of their summer coats . The offspring will remain with their mothers for almost one full year , leaving around the time the next season 's offspring are produced . The gestation period is the same for all subspecies .
Postterm pregnancy
Electronic fetal monitoring uses a cardiotocograph to check the baby 's heartbeat and is typically monitored over a 30 - minute period . If the heartbeat proves to be normal , the doctor will not usually suggest induced labor .
Leopard
Depending on the region , leopards may mate all year round . In Manchuria and Siberia , they mate during January and February . The estrous cycle lasts about 46 days and the female usually is in heat for 6 -- 7 days . Gestation lasts for 90 to 105 days . Cubs are usually born in a litter of 2 -- 4 cubs . Mortality of cubs is estimated at 41 -- 50 % during the first year .
Caesarean section
A planned caesarean ( or elective / scheduled caesarean ) , arranged ahead of time , is most commonly arranged for medical indications which have developed before or during the pregnancy , and ideally after 39 weeks of gestation . In the UK , this is classified as a ' grade 4 ' section ( delivery timed to suit the needs of the service ) since the need for delivery is not urgent . Emergency caesarean sections are performed in pregnancies in which a vaginal delivery was planned initially , but an indication for caesarean delivery has since developed . In the UK they are further classified as grade 3 ( delivery within 4 hours of the decision , no maternal or fetal compromise ) , grade 2 ( delivery required within 90 minutes of the decision but no immediate threat to the life of the woman or the fetus ) or grade 1 ( delivery required within 30 minutes of the decision : immediate threat to the life of the mother or the baby or both . )
Trafficking of children
In Zimbabwe policy has adapted to ensure the safety of all persons under the age of sixteen with the Children 's Protection and Adoption Act , however , the government admits that a lack of resources and capital play a critical role in inadequate enforcement .
Who Do You Think You Are? (UK TV series)
Complete Series Release dates DVD Extras and Bonus Features Number Of Discs Region 1 Region 2 Region 4 The Complete First Series TBA 5 March 2007 17 September 2008 Unseen Footage , First Steps to Researching Your Family The Complete Second Series TBA 4 September 2007 12 November 2008 Unseen Footage The Complete Third Series TBA 12 January 2009 18 March 2009 None The Complete Fourth Series TBA 3 August 2009 20 May 2009 Special episode in conjunction with the BBC 's `` Family Wanted '' campaign featuring Nicky Campbell , who was adopted a few days after he was born . The Complete Fifth Series TBA 1 February 2010 TBA Three behind - the - scenes features The Complete Sixth Series TBA 6 September 2010 TBA None The Complete Seventh Series TBA 7 March 2011 TBA None The Complete Eighth Series TBA 20 August 2012 TBA None The Complete Ninth Series TBA 5 August 2013 TBA None The Complete Tenth Series TBA 22 September 2014 TBA None The Complete Eleventh Series TBA 10 November 2014 TBA Who Do They Think They Are ? : 10 Years , 100 Shows
Referendums in the United Kingdom
The process differs between England and Wales . In England , a referendum can be held on moving between any of the three systems , and following the vote another referendum may not be held for 10 years . A council is not required to hold a referendum to change its executive arrangements , but a change that has occurred as a result of a referendum can only be changed following another referendum . In Wales , a council must hold a referendum to change between a mayor and leader and cabinet , with the minimum period between votes set at five years .
History of the United States Constitution
Since the beginning of federal operations under the Constitution in 1789 through the beginning of 2013 , approximately 11,539 proposals to amend the Constitution have been introduced in the United States Congress . Of these , thirty - three have been approved by Congress and sent to the states for ratification . Twenty - seven of these amendments have been ratified and are now part of the Constitution . The first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are known collectively as the Bill of Rights . Prior to the Twenty - seventh Amendment , which languished for 202 years , 7 months , 12 days before being ratified ( submitted for ratification in 1789 as part of the Bill of Rights , but not ratified until 1992 ) , the Twenty - second Amendment held the record for longest time taken to successfully complete the ratification process -- 3 years , 11 months , 6 days . The Twenty - sixth Amendment holds the record for shortest time taken -- 3 months , 8 days . Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states and are not part of the Constitution . Four of these are still technically open and pending , one is closed and has failed by its own terms , and one is closed and has failed by the terms of the resolution proposing it . The
Caesarean section
Some of these efforts are : emphasizing a long latent phase of labor is not abnormal and not a justification for C - section ; a new definition of the start of active labor from a cervical dilatation of 4 cm to a dilatation of 6 cm ; and allowing at least 2 hours of pushing for women who have previously given birth and 3 hours of pushing for women who have not previously given birth before labor arrest is considered . Physical exercise during pregnancy also decreases the risk .
Clint Eastwood
Eastwood married Margaret Neville `` Maggie '' Johnson ( born 1931 ; then working for an auto parts suppliers company ) on December 19 , 1953 in Pasadena . They had met six months earlier on a blind date in Los Angeles , although Eastwood subsequently had a serious relationship in Seattle that summer with a young woman who became pregnant with his child -- an alleged daughter who was given up for adoption , per biographer Patrick McGilligan -- before Johnson announced her engagement to him in October . The marriage would not prove altogether smooth . `` He thought they were too young , not well enough established , '' remarked biographer Richard Schickel in the only authorized book ever written about Eastwood . A decade later , an ongoing affair Eastwood was involved in ( said to have lasted 14 years ) with dancer and Rawhide stuntwoman Roxanne Tunis ( who was also married yet separated ) produced his earliest verified child , daughter Kimber Eastwood ( born Kimber Tunis ; June 17 , 1964 ) , whose existence was kept secret from the public until July 1989 , when the National Enquirer revealed her identity . Biographer Marc Eliot wrote of Johnson , `` It is difficult to say for sure that she actually knew about the baby , although it would have been nearly impossible for her not to . Everyone on the set knew ... and it is simply too difficult to keep a secret like that when the mother and the illegitimate child live in the same small town , especially when that small town is Hollywood . '' The source for the 1989 Enquirer article that originally broke the story claimed Johnson was aware of Kimber 's existence at all times and even met Roxanne Tunis in person when making an unannounced visit to the set of Breezy in 1972 . Actress Barbara Eden , a onetime Rawhide guest star and witness to the affair with Tunis , said of Eastwood 's relationship with Johnson : `` They conducted a somewhat open marriage . ''