vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Hurricane Katrina
Two weeks after the storm , more than half of the states were involved in providing shelter for evacuees . By four weeks after the storm , evacuees had been registered in all 50 states and in 18,700 zip codes -- half of the nation 's residential postal zones . Most evacuees had stayed within 250 miles ( 400 km ) , but 240,000 households went to Houston and other cities over 250 miles ( 400 km ) away and another 60,000 households went over 750 miles ( 1,200 km ) away .
Hurricane Gloria
After the storm , President Ronald Reagan declared several counties in New Jersey , Pennsylvania , New York , Rhode Island , Connecticut , and Massachusetts as federal disaster areas . This declaration allowed those counties to apply for disaster assistance .
Hurricane Gloria
While moving across New England , Gloria was a weakened hurricane that passed quickly through the area . Though still a large hurricane , Gloria hit at low tide , resulting in low to moderate storm surges of 5 feet ( 1.5 m ) in Groton , Connecticut , 6 feet ( 1.8 m ) in New Bedford , Massachusetts , and 3 feet ( 1 m ) in Portland , Maine . The high waves caused heavy beach erosion in Connecticut and Rhode Island . The highest sustained winds were reports of 83 mph ( 135 km / h ) in Waterbury , Connecticut , and Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory in Massachusetts , although neither location is at sea level . Gusts peaked at 110 mph ( 176 km / h ) in Chatham , Massachusetts , and widespread areas across New England reported hurricane - force gusts . It is estimated that hurricane - force winds occurred in Connecticut , Massachusetts , and New Hampshire . Rainfall in the region peaked at 6.90 in ( 175 mm ) at Borden Brook Reservoir in Springfield , Massachusetts .
Flint water crisis
A group of retired NBA players led by Derrick Coleman donated 30,000 cases of water to Flint .
Euphrates
The discharge regime of the Euphrates has changed dramatically since the construction of the first dams in the 1970s . Data on Euphrates discharge collected after 1990 show the impact of the construction of the numerous dams in the Euphrates and of the increased withdrawal of water for irrigation . Average discharge at Hīt after 1990 has dropped to 356 cubic metres ( 12,600 cu ft ) per second ( 11.2 cubic kilometres ( 2.7 cu mi ) per year ) . The seasonal variability has equally changed . The pre-1990 peak volume recorded at Hīt was 7,510 cubic metres ( 265,000 cu ft ) per second , while after 1990 it is only 2,514 cubic metres ( 88,800 cu ft ) per second . The minimum volume at Hīt remained relatively unchanged , rising from 55 cubic metres ( 1,900 cu ft ) per second before 1990 to 58 cubic metres ( 2,000 cu ft ) per second afterward .
Timeline of Hurricane Katrina
A day after the National Guard ( from Camp Beauregard ) began delivering food , water and ice in New Orleans , the National President of the American Red Cross , Marsha Evans , requested to set up a shelter in New Orleans to pass out food and water . However , due to the ongoing military rescue operations in the city at the time , the Red Cross was asked to wait for 24 hours . By Saturday , the point was moot because the large - scale evacuation of the city was already underway .
Flint water crisis
After approving Governor Snyder 's application for an emergency declaration , President Barack Obama said of the crisis , `` What is inexplicable and inexcusable is once people figured out that there was a problem there , and that there was lead in the water , the notion that immediately families were n't notified , things were n't shut down . That should n't happen anywhere . '' President Obama visited Flint on May 4 , 2016 to reiterate his thoughts and drank a glass of filtered Flint water to show it was safe . Trump
Hurricane Hugo
The ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2 which had sailed from Southampton on September 17 encountered the hurricane and was delayed for two extra days at sea , having initially attempted to sail at full speed south to outrun the storm and cross the Atlantic , behind it , to New York . The ship had much damage to the public parts of the vessel , including the shops and the bridge ; the swimming pools were all emptied to prevent large amounts of water shifting precariously as the ship pitched and tossed . Hugo moved quickly through western Virginia , West Virginia , and eastern Ohio to Erie , Pennsylvania . By the evening of September 22 , it became an extratropical cyclone . Hugo caused schools in southwest Virginia to be closed for more than two weeks because of the wind and flooding damage . Winds peaked at 37 mph ( 60 km / h ) at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport .
Human brain
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear , colourless transcellular fluid that circulates around the brain in the subarachnoid space , in the ventricular system , and in the central canal of the spinal cord . It also fills some gaps in the subarachnoid space , known as subarachnoid cisterns . The four ventricles , two lateral , a third , and a fourth ventricle , all contain choroid plexus that produces cerebrospinal fluid . The third ventricle lies in the midline and is connnected to the lateral ventricles . A single duct , the cerebral aqueduct between the pons and the cerebellum , connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle . Three separate openings , the middle and two lateral apertures , drain the cerebrospinal fluid from the fourth ventricle to the cisterna magna one of the major cisterns . From here , cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space , between the arachnoid mater and pia mater .
Flint water crisis
After the permanent switch to the Flint River , city residents began complaining about the color , taste , and odor of their water . In August and September 2014 , city officials detected levels of coliform bacteria , so residents were advised to boil their water . The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality determined that cold weather , aging pipes , and a population decline were the cause of this bacteria . According to Stephen Busch , a DEQ district supervisor , the city took appropriate measures to limit a recurrence . General Motors ( GM ) made the first complaint about the corrosivity of the water . GM stopped using Flint water in October 2014 , after reporting that the water was corroding car parts . General Motors requested to switch back to the Detroit Water source -- a decision that was later approved by city officials .
Sinking of the RMS Titanic
Within 45 minutes of the collision , at least 13,500 long tons ( 13,700 t ) of water had entered the ship . This was far too much for Titanic 's ballast and bilge pumps to handle ; the total pumping capacity of all the pumps combined was only 1,700 long tons ( 1,700 t ) per hour . Andrews informed the captain that the first five compartments were flooded , and therefore Titanic was doomed . By his estimate , she could remain afloat for no longer than about two hours .
Water in California
The largest groundwater reservoirs are found in the Central Valley . The majority of the supply there is in the form of runoff that seeps into the aquifer . The freshwater is usually found in deposits of gravel , silt , and sand . Below these deposits lies a layer of deep sediment , a relic of the era when the Pacific Ocean covered the area .
Hurricane Isaac (2012)
Isaac swept across Haiti 's southern peninsula , bringing flooding and storms in areas affected by the January 2010 earthquake . A woman and a child died in the town of Souvenance , and a 10 - year - old girl died in Thomazeau when a wall fell on her . A seven - year - old boy was electrocuted in the city of Gonaives . As many as 5,000 people were evacuated because of flooding , as scores of tents in quake settlement camps collapsed and at least 300 houses were flooded in the Port - au - Prince shantytown of Cité Soleil . Doctors Without Borders announced it anticipated a spike in cholera cases due to flooding and it was preparing to receive more patients . President Michel Martelly canceled his trip to Japan to coordinate emergency response efforts and visit residents with Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe . On August 26 , 2012 , the Haitian government announced that at least 14,000 people had left their homes , while another 13,500 were living in emergency shelters . According to official figures , at least a dozen houses were destroyed and 269 damaged during the storm . On August 28 , the death toll in Haiti was revised up to at least 24 , with three others missing . News reports in the area stated up to 29 deaths , however .
Flint water crisis
On March 3 , 2016 , Governor Snyder filed a second appeal for federal help to replace lead pipes and provide medical support and supplies for affected residents which said the estimated economic impact of the Flint water crisis is beginning to exceed $140 million . FEMA rejected his request again on March 16 .
Water buffalo
In January 2008 , the Philippine Carabao Center in Nueva Ecija , per Filipino scientists , initiated a study to breed a super water buffalo that could produce 4 to 18 litres of milk per day using gene - based technology . Also , the first in vitro river buffalo was born there in 2004 from an in vitro - produced , vitrified embryo , named `` Glory '' after President Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo . Joseph Estrada 's most successful project as an opposition senator , the PCC was created through Republic Act 3707 , the Carabao Act of 1992 .
Euphrates
The drainage basins of the Kara Su and the Murat River cover an area of 22,000 square kilometres ( 8,500 sq mi ) and 40,000 square kilometres ( 15,000 sq mi ) , respectively . The estimates that have been made for the area of the Euphrates drainage basin vary widely ; from a low 233,000 square kilometres ( 90,000 sq mi ) to a high 766,000 square kilometres ( 296,000 sq mi ) . Recent estimates put the basin area at 388,000 square kilometres ( 150,000 sq mi ) , 444,000 square kilometres ( 171,000 sq mi ) and 579,314 square kilometres ( 223,674 sq mi ) . The greater part of the Euphrates basin is located in Turkey , Syria , and Iraq . According to both Daoudy and Frenken , Turkey 's share is 28 percent , Syria 's is 17 percent and that of Iraq is 40 percent . Isaev and Mikhailova estimate the percentages of the drainage basin lying within Turkey , Syria and Iraq at 33 , 20 and 47 percent respectively . Some sources estimate that approximately 15 percent of the drainage basin is located within Saudi Arabia , while a small part falls inside the borders of Kuwait . Finally , some sources also include Jordan in the drainage basin of the Euphrates ; a small part of the eastern desert ( 220 square kilometres ( 85 sq mi ) ) drains toward the east rather than to the west .
Ship
Following the Exxon Valdez spill , the United States passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 ( OPA - 90 ) , which included a stipulation that all tankers entering its waters be double - hulled by 2015 . Following the sinkings of Erika ( 1999 ) and Prestige ( 2002 ) , the European Union passed its own stringent anti-pollution packages ( known as Erika I , II , and III ) , which require all tankers entering its waters to be double - hulled by 2010 . The Erika packages are controversial because they introduced the new legal concept of `` serious negligence '' .
Flint water crisis
On September 27 , 2016 , Flint officials announced that the city will continue to use Detroit water until a new stretch of pipeline is constructed and the Flint River is tested and treated by the KWA .
Flint water crisis
Former Detroit Pistons player Rasheed Wallace delivered three truckloads of water to a party store in Flint .
Nuclear weapon
In addition , leakage of byproducts of nuclear weapon production into groundwater has been an ongoing issue , particularly at the Hanford site .
River Welland
The drainage of Deeping Fen was again addressed in 1664 , when the Deeping Fen Act awarded the Earl of Manchester and others 10,000 acres ( 4,000 ha ) of land in return for the drainage works . They were also obliged to maintain the banks of the river , to ensure that both the Welland and the Glen were kept clean and free - flowing , and to ensure that no tolls were charged for navigation on any part of the river below East Deeping . The inadequacy of the outfall and a spate of bad weather stopped them from completing their task . They tried renting out the land they had been granted , but many tenants were unable to pay the rent , due to the poor state of the drainage which reduced crop yields . In April 1729 , the Deeping Fen Adventurers received a letter from Captain John Perry , expressing the opinion that the only way to improve the drainage was to improve the river outfalls , and proposing the construction of scouring sluices on the river at Spalding , on Vernatt 's drain at its outfall , and on the River Glen at Surfleet . Perry was an engineer of some repute , who had set the standard for engineering reports in 1727 , when he published his recommendations for the North Level of the Fens . His plans were approved , and the Adventurers offered to give him land covering nearly 6,000 acres ( 2,400 ha ) in payment for the work . He sold one - third of the land to finance the project , and began work in 1730 . Cowbit sluice on the Welland had six 6 - foot ( 1.8 m ) wide gates which were operated by chains connected to a treadwheel . At high tide , water was penned in Cowbit Wash , between banks which were set well back from the main channel . The bed of the river below the sluice was loosened by dragging wooden rollers with iron spikes over it . At low tide , the sluice gates were opened , and the flow scoured out the silt for some 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) downstream . A navigation lock was constructed beside the sluice , so that vessels could still gain access to the river above . Perry died in February 1733 , and was buried in Spalding churchyard . The lock lasted until it was removed by the Welland commissioners in 1813 .
Hurricane Irma
With Irma making landfall in Monroe County as a Category 4 hurricane , the Florida Keys were hardest hit area in the state . Strong winds and storm surge flooding caused major damage to buildings , trailer parks , boats , roads , the electricity supply , mobile phone coverage , internet access , sanitation , the water supply and the fuel supply throughout the island chain . An estimated 10 ft ( 3 m ) storm surge occurred at Cudjoe Key , where Irma made landfall . Throughout the island , 625 homes sustained minor damage , 52 sustained major damage , and 81 were demolished . On Big Pine Key , one of the most devastated islands , 633 homes received minor impact , 299 homes received major impact , and 473 homes were completely destroyed . Overall in Monroe County , 27,649 homes experienced some degree of damage , including 1,179 homes being destroyed , 2,977 homes receiving major damage , and 5,361 suffering minor damage . Hurricane
Flint water crisis
Two prisons in Northern Michigan donated 29,000 bottles of water to the Genesee Intermediate School District .
Cytosol
In contrast to extracellular fluid , cytosol has a high concentration of potassium ions and a low concentration of sodium ions . This difference in ion concentrations is critical for osmoregulation , since if the ion levels were the same inside a cell as outside , water would enter constantly by osmosis - since the levels of macromolecules inside cells are higher than their levels outside . Instead , sodium ions are expelled and potassium ions taken up by the Na + / K + - ATPase , potassium ions then flow down their concentration gradient through potassium - selection ion channels , this loss of positive charge creates a negative membrane potential . To balance this potential difference , negative chloride ions also exit the cell , through selective chloride channels . The loss of sodium and chloride ions compensates for the osmotic effect of the higher concentration of organic molecules inside the cell .
Hurricane Harvey
The Katy Prairie in western Harris County , which once helped to absorb floodwaters in the region , has been reduced to one quarter of its previous size in the last several decades due to suburban development , and one analysis discovered that more than 7,000 housing units have been built within the 100 - year floodplain in Harris County since 2010 .
List of Cars characters
Jackson Storm , a blue - and - black 2017 custom built `` next generation '' Piston Cup racer , is one of the newer rookies that comes into the racing sport , and the main racing rival of Lightning McQueen in the third installment in the franchise . He is an arrogant , overconfident rookie . He constantly insults McQueen about retiring . He set records and won many races .
Smooth muscle tissue
In invertebrate smooth muscle , contraction is initiated with the binding of calcium directly to myosin and then rapidly cycling cross-bridges , generating force . Similar to the mechanism of vertebrate smooth muscle , there is a low calcium and low energy utilization catch phase . This sustained phase or catch phase has been attributed to a catch protein that has similarities to myosin light - chain kinase and the elastic protein - titin called twitchin . Clams and other bivalve mollusks use this catch phase of smooth muscle to keep their shell closed for prolonged periods with little energy usage .
The Perfect Storm (film)
Murph has a rocky relationship with crewmember David `` Sully '' Sullivan that is eventually resolved during the trip . William Fichtner as David `` Sully '' Sullivan , crewmember on the Andrea Gail . He signed on for the trip at the last minute when another fisherman suddenly backed out . Sully and Murph initially have an antagonistic relationship that is fueled in part by Sully 's past involvement with Murph 's ex-wife , although the details are not made clear in the film . The relationship is eventually resolved during the trip . Michael Ironside as Bob Brown , owner of the Andrea Gail and the Hannah Boden . Although Brown seems to harbor a deep - seated recognition of Tyne 's skills at catching fish , he nevertheless pressures Tyne over the latter 's recent inability to bring in larger hauls , resulting in an uneasy relationship between the two . Bob Gunton as Alexander McAnally III , owner of the Mistral , a yacht caught in the storm . Karen Allen as Melissa Brown , crewmember on the Mistral . Cherry Jones as Edie Bailey , crewmember on the Mistral . Allen Payne as Alfred Pierre , one of the crew of the Andrea Gail . John Hawkes as Michael `` Bugsy '' Moran , a member of the Andrea Gail crew . Bugsy 's somewhat comic inability to connect with women appears to change on the eve of the trip , when he meets a divorced mother at the Crow 's Nest , who later comes to the dock to see him off . They hint at the prospect of a budding relationship that fatefully never materializes . Janet Wright as Ethel Shatford , Bobby 's mother . Christopher McDonald as Todd Gross , a Boston meteorologist working for the WNEV - TV ( the present day WHDH - TV ) . Dash Mihok as Sergeant Jeremy Mitchell , a crewmember on the New York Air National Guard rescue helicopter .
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
Unpowered filtering systems on containment building vent lines , known as Filtered Containment Venting Systems ( FCVS ) , can safely catch radioactive materials and thereby allow reactor core de-pressurization , with steam and hydrogen venting with minimal radioactivity emissions . Filtration using an external water tank system is the most common established system in European countries , with the water tank positioned outside the containment building . In October 2013 , the owners of Kashiwazaki - Kariwa nuclear power station began installing wet filters and other safety systems , with completion anticipated in 2014 .
Cash register
A cash drawer is usually of strong construction and may be integral with the register or a separate piece that the register sits atop . It slides in and out of its lockable box and is secured by a spring - loaded catch . When a transaction that involves cash is completed , the register sends an electrical impulse to a solenoid to release the catch and open the drawer . Cash drawers that are integral to a stand - alone register often have a manual release catch underneath to open the drawer in the event of a power failure . More advanced cash drawers have eliminated the manual release in favor of a cylinder lock , requiring a key to manually open the drawer . The cylinder lock usually has several positions : locked , unlocked , online ( will open if an impulse is given ) , and release . The release position is an intermittent position with a spring to push the cylinder back to the unlocked position . In the `` locked '' position , the drawer will remain latched even when an electric impulse is sent to the solenoid .
Mali Empire
The Twelve Doors of Mali were a coalition of conquered or allied territories , mostly within Manden , with sworn allegiance to Sundiata and his descendants . Upon stabbing their spears into the ground before Sundiata 's throne , each of the twelve kings relinquished their kingdom to the Keita dynasty . In return for their submission , they became `` farbas '' , a combination of the Mandinka words `` farin '' and `` ba '' ( great farin ) . Farin was a general term for northern commander at the time . These farbas would rule their old kingdoms in the name of the mansa with most of the authority they held prior to joining the Manden Kurufaba . The
Sawing a woman in half
Sometimes the cutting of the assistant is emphasised by sawing between the two halves of the box before sliding the dividers into place . Catches are released to allow the table to be separated into two halves along with the box . The halves are parted and the assistant thus appears to have been cut into two completely disconnected pieces . The box and table are then pushed together , the restraints are released and the box is opened to allow the assistant to emerge unharmed .
Mali Empire
Barring any other difficulties , the dyamani - tigui would run the province by himself collecting taxes and procuring armies from the tribes under his command . However , territories that were crucial to trade or subject to revolt would receive a farba . Farbas were picked by the mansa from the conquering farin or family members . The only real requirement was that the mansa knew he could trust this individual to safeguard imperial interests .
Cigarette
One of the classes of chemicals on the list , ammonia salts , convert bound nicotine molecules in tobacco smoke into free nicotine molecules . This process , known as freebasing , could potentially increase the effect of nicotine on the smoker , but experimental data suggests that absorption is , in practice , unaffected .
Orchestra
The so - called `` standard complement '' of doubled winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to the forces called for by Beethoven . The composer 's instrumentation almost always included paired flutes , oboes , clarinets , bassoons , horns and trumpets . The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4 , Violin Concerto , and Piano Concerto No. 4 , which each specify a single flute . Beethoven carefully calculated the expansion of this particular timbral `` palette '' in Symphonies 3 , 5 , 6 , and 9 for an innovative effect . The third horn in the `` Eroica '' Symphony arrives to provide not only some harmonic flexibility , but also the effect of `` choral '' brass in the Trio movement . Piccolo , contrabassoon , and trombones add to the triumphal finale of his Symphony No. 5 . A piccolo and a pair of trombones help deliver the effect of storm and sunshine in the Sixth , also known as the Pastoral Symphony . The Ninth asks for a second pair of horns , for reasons similar to the `` Eroica '' ( four horns has since become standard ) ; Beethoven 's use of piccolo , contrabassoon , trombones , and untuned percussion -- plus chorus and vocal soloists -- in his finale , are his earliest suggestion that the timbral boundaries of symphony might be expanded . For several decades after his death , symphonic instrumentation was faithful to Beethoven 's well - established model , with few exceptions .