vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
New Spain
A limiting factor in Yucatán 's economy was the poorness of the limestone soil , which could only support crops for two to three years with land cleared through slash and burn ( swidden ) agriculture . Access to water was a limiting factor on agriculture , with the limestone escarpment giving way in water filled sinkholes ( cenotes ) , but rivers and streams were generally absent on the peninsula . Individuals had rights to land so long as they cleared and tilled them and when the soil was exhausted , they repeated the process . In general Indians lived in a dispersed pattern , which Spanish congregación or forced resettlement attempted to alter . Collective labor cultivated the confraternities ' lands , which included raising the traditional maize , beans , and cotton . But confraternities also later pursued cattle ranching , as well as mule and horse breeding , depending on the local situation . There is evidence that cofradías in southern Campeche were involved in interregional trade in cacao as well as cattle ranching . Although generally the revenues from crops and animals were devoted to expenses in the spiritual sphere , cofradías ' cattle were used for direct aid to community members during droughts , stabilizing the community 's food supply .
Rice production in Thailand
Noppadon Pattama , the foreign minister of Thailand , wanted to call the forum the `` Council on Rice Trade Cooperation '' and was planning , as of May 2008 , to invite China , India , Pakistan , Cambodia , Burma , and Vietnam to join . Pattama has also said the new international forum would not replicate any of the work done by the International Rice Research Institute , an institute formed in 1960 to `` reduce poverty and hunger , improve the health of rice farmers and consumers , and ensure environmental sustainability of rice farming . ''
Mission San Diego de Alcalá
The goal of the missions was , above all , to become self - sufficient in relatively short order . Farming , therefore , was the most important industry of any mission . Prior to the establishment of the missions , the native peoples knew only how to utilize bone , seashells , stone , and wood for building , tool making , weapons , and so forth . The missionaries discovered that the Indians , who regarded labor as degrading to the masculine , had to be taught industry in order to learn how to be self - supportive . The result was the establishment of a great manual training school that comprised agriculture , the mechanical arts , and the raising and care of livestock . Everything consumed and otherwise utilized by the natives was produced at the missions under the supervision of the padres ; thus , the neophytes not only supported themselves , but after 1811 sustained the entire military and civil government of California . Wheat , corn , wine grapes , barley , beans , cattle , horses , and sheep were the major crops at San Diego . In 1795 , construction on a system of aqueducts was begun to bring water to the fields and the Mission ( the first irrigation project in Upper California ) . The building manager was Fray Pedro Panto , who was poisoned by his Indian cook Nazario before the project was completed . In his testimony , in the trial that followed , Nazario stated that he had poisoned the friar due to constant beatings inflicted by Friar Panto .
Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies
Game had begun to become scarce in the region east of the Mississippi River . This could have been from over-hunting , or the game could have been driven westward as the colonial population increased . Fortunately , Irish and Scottish immigrants had been importing cattle into the American colonies during the early part of the 18th century . Consequently , when game was becoming scarce and mutton had a moratorium placed upon it , cattle were available to take their place as a protein source . This change increased farmers ' profit from animal husbandry . Cattle raising had begun on a small scale during the French - Indian War , but when the American Revolution came , farmers were able to increase their cattle holdings and increase the presence of beef in the American diet . In addition to beef production , the cattle also increased the production of milk and dairy products like butter . This may have contributed to the preference for butter over pork fat , especially in the northern colonies .
Education in India
Officially , the pupil to teacher ratio within the public school system for primary education is 35 : 1 . However , teacher absenteeism in India is exorbitant , with 25 % never showing up for work . The World Bank estimates the cost in salaries alone paid to such teachers who have never attended work is US $2 billion per year . Indian
Poverty in India
According to the 2001 census , 35.5 % of Indian households used banking services , 35.1 % owned a radio or transistor , 31.6 % a television , 9.1 % a phone , 43.7 % a bicycle , 11.7 % a scooter , motorcycle or a moped , and 2.5 % a car , jeep or van ; 34.5 % of the households had none of these assets . According to Department of Telecommunications of India the phone density reached 73.34 % by December 2012 and as an annual growth decreased by − 4.58 % . This tallies with the fact that a family of four with an annual income of ₹ 137,000 ( US $2,000 ) could afford some of these luxury items .
ICICI Lombard
ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Ltd Type Private company Industry Insurance Founded Headquarters Mumbai , India Key people Bhargav Dasgupta MD Products General insurance , Vehicle Insurance , Health Insurance , Travel Insurance etc . Net income ₹ 7.02 billion ( US $110 million ) Number of employees 6,460 ( as March 2017 ) Parent ICICI Bank , Fairfax Financial Website www.icicilombard.com
Whole life insurance
Cash values are considered liquid assets because they are easily accessible at any time , usually with a phone call or fax to the insurance company requesting a `` loan '' or `` withdrawal '' from the policy . Most companies will transfer the money into the policy holder 's bank account within a few days .
Whole life insurance
Cash values are also liquid enough to be used for investment capital , but only if the owner is financially healthy enough to continue making premium payments ( Single premium whole life policies avoid the risk of the insured failing to make premium payments and are liquid enough to be used as collateral . Single premium policies require that the insured pay a one time premium that tends to be lower than the split payments . Because these policies are fully paid at inception , they have no financial risk and are liquid and secure enough to be used as collateral under the insurance clause of collateral assignment . ) Cash value access is tax free up to the point of total premiums paid , and the rest may be accessed tax free in the form of policy loans . If the policy lapses , taxes would be due on outstanding loans . If the insured dies , death benefit is reduced by the amount of any outstanding loan balance .
IS–LM model
Each point on the LM curve reflects a particular equilibrium situation in the money market equilibrium diagram , based on a particular level of income . In the money market equilibrium diagram , the liquidity preference function is simply the willingness to hold cash balances instead of securities . For this function , the nominal interest rate ( on the vertical axis ) is plotted against the quantity of cash balances ( or liquidity ) , on the horizontal . The liquidity preference function is downward sloping . Two basic elements determine the quantity of cash balances demanded ( liquidity preference ) and therefore the position and slope of the function :
Denver
MediaNews Group purchased the Denver Post in 1987 ; the company is based in Denver . The Gates Corporation , the world 's largest producer of automotive belts and hoses , was established in S. Denver in 1919 . Russell Stover Candies Inc. made its first chocolate candy in Denver in 1923 , but moved to Kansas City in 1969 . The Wright & McGill Company has been making its Eagle Claw brand of fishing gear in NE Denver since 1925 . The original Frontier Airlines began operations at Denver 's old Stapleton International Airport in 1950 ; Frontier was reincarnated at DIA in 1994 . Scott 's Liquid Gold , Inc. , has been making furniture polish in Denver since 1954 . Village Inn restaurants began as a single pancake house in Denver in 1958 . Big O Tires , LLC , of Centennial opened its first franchise in 1962 in Denver . The Shane Company sold its first diamond jewelry in 1971 in Denver . Johns Manville Corp. , a manufacturer of insulation and roofing products , relocated its headquarters to Denver from New York in 1972 . CH2M HILL Inc. , an engineering and construction firm , relocated from Oregon to the Denver Technological Center in 1980 . The Ball Corporation sold its glass business in Indiana in the 1990s and moved to suburban Broomfield ; Ball has several operations in greater Denver .
Open market operation
However , even after sidelining CRR as an instrument , there was still less liquidity and skewedness in the market . And thus , on the recommendations of the Narsimham Committee Report ( 1998 ) , The RBI brought together a Liquidity Adjustment Facility ( LAF ) . It commenced in June , 2000 , and it was set up to oversee liquidity on a daily basis and to monitor market interest rates . For the LAF , two rates are set by the RBI : repo rate and reverse repo rate . The repo rate is applicable while selling securities to RBI ( daily injection of liquidity ) , while the reverse repo rate is applicable when banks buy back those securities ( daily absorption of liquidity ) . Also , these interest rates fixed by the RBI also help in determining other market interest rates .
Natural gas
Many gas and oil companies are considering the economic and environmental benefits of floating liquefied natural gas ( FLNG ) . There are currently projects underway to construct five FLNG facilities . Petronas is close to completion on their FLNG - 1 at Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering and are underway on their FLNG - 2 project at Samsung Heavy Industries . Shell Prelude is due to start production 2017 . The Browse LNG project will commence FEED in 2019 .
Coffea arabica
The trees are difficult to cultivate and each tree can produce from 0.5 to 5.0 kg of dried beans , depending on the tree 's individual character and the climate that season . The most valuable part of this cash crop are the beans inside . Each berry holds two locules containing the beans . The coffee beans are actually two seeds within the fruit ; sometimes , a third seed or one seed , a peaberry , grows in the fruit at tips of the branches . These seeds are covered in two membranes ; the outer one is called the `` parchment coat '' and the inner one is called the `` silver skin . ''
Cell membrane
The entire membrane is held together via non-covalent interaction of hydrophobic tails , however the structure is quite fluid and not fixed rigidly in place . Under physiological conditions phospholipid molecules in the cell membrane are in the liquid crystalline state . It means the lipid molecules are free to diffuse and exhibit rapid lateral diffusion along the layer in which they are present . However , the exchange of phospholipid molecules between intracellular and extracellular leaflets of the bilayer is a very slow process . Lipid rafts and caveolae are examples of cholesterol - enriched microdomains in the cell membrane . Also , a fraction of the lipid in direct contact with integral membrane proteins , which is tightly bound to the protein surface is called annular lipid shell ; it behaves as a part of protein complex .
Open market operation
Broadly speaking , the ECB controls liquidity in the banking system via Refinancing Operations , which are basically repurchase agreements , i.e. banks put up acceptable collateral with the ECB and receive a cash loan in return . These are the following main categories of refinancing operations that can be employed depending on the desired outcome :
Maharashtrian cuisine
Maharashtrian cuisine includes mild and spicy dishes . Wheat , rice , jowar , bajri , vegetables , lentils and fruit are dietary staples . Peanuts and cashews are often served with vegetables . Meat is traditionally used sparsely or by the well off until recently , because of economic conditions and culture .
Command-line interface
Although the term ' shell ' is often used to describe a command - line interpreter , strictly speaking a ' shell ' can be any program that constitutes the user - interface , including fully graphically oriented ones . For example , the default Windows GUI is a shell program named EXPLORER. EXE , as defined in the SHELL = EXPLORER. EXE line in the WIN. INI configuration file . These programs are shells , but not CLIs .
Spark plug
The heat and pressure force the gases to react with each other , and at the end of the spark event there should be a small ball of fire in the spark gap as the gases burn on their own . The size of this fireball , or kernel , depends on the exact composition of the mixture between the electrodes and the level of combustion chamber turbulence at the time of the spark . A small kernel will make the engine run as though the ignition timing was retarded , and a large one as though the timing was advanced .
Amniotic fluid
The amniotic fluid is the protective liquid contained by the amniotic sac of a gravid Amniote . This fluid serves as a cushion for the growing fetus , but also serves to facilitate the exchange of nutrients , water , and biochemical products between mother and fetus .
State of matter
A quantum spin liquid ( QSL ) is a disordered state in a system of interacting quantum spins which preserves its disorder to very low temperatures , unlike other disordered states . It is not a liquid in physical sense , but a solid whose magnetic order is inherently disordered . The name `` liquid '' is due to an analogy with the molecular disorder in a conventional liquid . A QSL is neither a ferromagnet , where magnetic domains are parallel , nor an antiferromagnet , where the magnetic domains are antiparallel ; instead , the magnetic domains are randomly oriented . This can be realized e.g. by geometrically frustrated magnetic moments that can not point uniformly parallel or antiparallel . When cooling down and settling to a state , the domain must `` choose '' an orientation , but if the possible states are similar in energy , one will be chosen randomly . Consequently , despite strong short - range order , there is no long - range magnetic order .
Semen
Additionally , `` Aristotle tells us that the region round the eyes was the region of the head most fruitful of seed ( '' most seedy '' σπερματικώτατος ) , pointing to generally recognised effects upon the eyes of sexual indulgence and to practices which imply that seed comes from liquid in the region of the eyes . '' This may be explained by the belief of the Pythagoreans that `` semen is a drop of the brain ( τὸ δε σπέρμα εἶναι σταγόνα ἐγκέφαλου ) . ''
Eukaryote
Eukaryotes ( / juːˈkærioʊt , - ət / ) are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes , unlike prokaryotes ( Bacteria and Archaea ) . Eukaryotes belong to the domain Eukaryota or Eukarya . Their name comes from the Greek εὖ ( eu , `` well '' or `` true '' ) and κάρυον ( karyon , `` nut '' or `` kernel '' ) . Eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane - bound organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus , and in addition , some cells of plants and algae contain chloroplasts . Unlike unicellular archaea and bacteria , eukaryotes may also be multicellular and include organisms consisting of many cell types forming different kinds of tissue . Animals and plants are the most familiar eukaryotes .
Halloween
Barmbrack ( Ireland ) Bonfire toffee ( Great Britain ) Candy apples / toffee apples ( Great Britain and Ireland ) Candy apples , candy corn , candy pumpkins ( North America ) Monkey nuts ( peanuts in their shells ) ( Ireland and Scotland ) Caramel apples Caramel corn Colcannon ( Ireland ; see below ) Halloween cake Novelty candy shaped like skulls , pumpkins , bats , worms , etc . Roasted pumpkin seeds Roasted sweet corn Soul cakes
Cytosol
The cytosol or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells . It constitutes most of the intracellular fluid ( ICF ) . It is separated into compartments by membranes . For example , the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments .
Cytosol
The term cytosol is now used to refer to the liquid phase of the cytoplasm in an intact cell . This excludes any part of the cytoplasm that is contained within organelles . Due to the possibility of confusion between the use of the word `` cytosol '' to refer to both extracts of cells and the soluble part of the cytoplasm in intact cells , the phrase `` aqueous cytoplasm '' has been used to describe the liquid contents of the cytoplasm of living cells .
State of matter
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a ( nearly ) constant volume independent of pressure . The volume is definite if the temperature and pressure are constant . When a solid is heated above its melting point , it becomes liquid , given that the pressure is higher than the triple point of the substance . Intermolecular ( or interatomic or interionic ) forces are still important , but the molecules have enough energy to move relative to each other and the structure is mobile . This means that the shape of a liquid is not definite but is determined by its container . The volume is usually greater than that of the corresponding solid , the best known exception being water , H O . The highest temperature at which a given liquid can exist is its critical temperature .
Battle of Gettysburg
On June 29 , when Lee learned that the Army of the Potomac had crossed the Potomac River , he ordered a concentration of his forces around Cashtown , located at the eastern base of South Mountain and eight miles ( 13 km ) west of Gettysburg . On June 30 , while part of Hill 's Corps was in Cashtown , one of Hill 's brigades , North Carolinians under Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew , ventured toward Gettysburg . In his memoirs , Maj. Gen. Henry Heth , Pettigrew 's division commander , claimed that he sent Pettigrew to search for supplies in town -- especially shoes .
List of awards and nominations received by Michael Jackson
Cash Box ( or Cashbox ) magazine was a weekly publication devoted to the music and coin - operated machine industries which was published from July 1942 to November 16 , 1996 . It was one of several magazines that published charts of song popularity in the United States of America .
Command-line interface
Although most users think of the shell as an interactive command interpreter , it is really a programming language in which each statement runs a command . Because it must satisfy both the interactive and programming aspects of command execution , it is a strange language , shaped as much by history as by design . --
IS–LM model
For a given level of income , the intersection point between the liquidity preference and money supply functions implies a single point on the LM curve : specifically , the point giving the level of the interest rate which equilibrate the money market at the given level of income . Recalling that for the LM curve , the interest rate is plotted against real GDP ( whereas the liquidity preference and money supply functions plot interest rates against the quantity of cash balances ) , an increase in GDP shifts the liquidity preference function rightward and hence increases the interest rate . Thus the LM function is positively sloped .
Print screen
Newer - generation operating systems using a graphical interface tend to save a bitmap image of the current screen , or screenshot , to their clipboard or comparable storage area . Some shells allow modification of the exact behavior using modifier keys such as the control key .
Phase (matter)
As many as eight immiscible liquid phases have been observed . Mutually immiscible liquid phases are formed from water ( aqueous phase ) , hydrophobic organic solvents , perfluorocarbons ( fluorous phase ) , silicones , several different metals , and also from molten phosphorus . Not all organic solvents are completely miscible , e.g. a mixture of ethylene glycol and toluene may separate into two distinct organic phases .
To Autumn
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness Close bosom - friend of the maturing sun Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch - eves run ; To bend with apples the moss 'd cottage - trees , And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core ; To swell the gourd , and plump the hazel shells With a sweet kernel ; to set budding more , And still more , later flowers for the bees , Until they think warm days will never cease , For Summer has o'er - brimm 'd their clammy cells .
Command-line interface
Around 1964 Louis Pouzin introduced the concept and the name shell in Multics , building on earlier , simpler facilities in the Compatible Time - Sharing System ( CTSS ) .
Cash register
A cash register , also referred to as a till in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries , is a mechanical or electronic device for registering and calculating transactions at a point of sale . It is usually attached to a drawer for storing cash and other valuables . The cash register is also usually attached to a printer , that can print out receipts for record keeping purposes .
Carbon dioxide
Liquid carbon dioxide is a good solvent for many lipophilic organic compounds and is used to remove caffeine from coffee . Carbon dioxide has attracted attention in the pharmaceutical and other chemical processing industries as a less toxic alternative to more traditional solvents such as organochlorides . It is used by some dry cleaners for this reason ( see green chemistry ) . It is used in the preparation of some aerogels because of the properties of supercritical carbon dioxide .
Lightning in a Bottle
Moby , Little Dragon , Phantogram , Beats Antique , Gramatik , Lucent Dossier Experience , Amon Tobin , Baauer , Gold Panda , Simian Mobile Disco , Claude VonStroke , The Polish Ambassador , Damian Lazarus , The Gaslamp Killer , Ryan Hemsworth , Cashmere Cat , Chet Faker , What So Not , TOKiMONSTA , Lee Burridge , Max Cooper , Break Science , Henry Saiz , Slow Magic , Kraddy , Echocell , Tourist , Blond : ish , J. Phlip , DJ Tennis , Ana Sia , Thomas Jack , Random Rab , Maxxi Soundsystem , Kraak & Smaak , Klartraum , Kayla Scintilla , Sweater Beats , Desert Dwellers , Russ Liquid , Thriftworks , Fabio Gianelli , Fort Knox Five , Sugarpill , Dirtwire , Pumpkin , Dimond Saints , The Human Experience , Tara Brooks , Jon Dadon , Natasha Kmeto
History of Newfoundland and Labrador
Not everyone was satisfied with the results , however . Cashin , an outspoken anti-Confederate , questioned the validity of the votes . He claimed that it was the ' unholy union between London and Ottawa ' that brought about confederation .
Cash register
Due to the increasing number of notes and varieties of notes , many cash drawers are designed to store notes upright & facing forward , instead of the traditional flat & facing upright position . This enables faster access to each note and allows more varieties of notes to be stored . Sometimes the cashier will even divide the notes without any physical divider at all . Some cash drawers are flip top in design , where they flip open instead of sliding out like an ordinary drawer , resembling a cashbox instead .