vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Shotgun
Rock salt shells are hand loaded with coarse rock salt crystals , replacing the standard lead or steel shot . Rock salt shells could be seen as the forerunners of modern less - lethal rounds . In the United States , rock salt shells were and are sometimes still used by rural civilians to defend their property . The brittle salt was unlikely to cause serious injury at long ranges , but would cause painful stinging injuries and served as a warning . British gamekeepers have used rock salt shells to deter poachers . Rather than get into a physical confrontation , they stalk the poachers , making themselves known by a loud shout of `` Run ! '' just before firing , to avoid hitting the now - fleeing subject in the eyes .
Chernobyl disaster
The Chernobyl liquidators , essentially an all male civil defense emergency workforce , would go on to father normal children , without an increase in developmental anomalies or a statistically significant increase in the frequencies of germline mutations in their progeny . This normality is similarly seen in the children of the survivors of the Goiana accident .
Moss
Wherever they occur , mosses require liquid water for at least part of the year to complete fertilisation . Many mosses can survive desiccation , sometimes for months , returning to life within a few hours of rehydration .
Oyster
Unlike most shellfish , oysters can have a fairly long shelf life of up to four weeks . However , their taste becomes less pleasant as they age . Oysters should be refrigerated out of water , not frozen , and in 100 % humidity . Oysters stored in water under refrigeration will open , consume available oxygen , and die . Freshly
Cash register
Often cash registers are attached to scales , barcode scanners , checkstands , and debit card or credit card terminals . Increasingly , dedicated cash registers are being replaced with general purpose computers with POS software . Cash registers use bitmap characters for printing .
Whole life insurance
Cash values are an integral part of a whole life policy , and reflect the reserves necessary to assure payment of the guaranteed death benefit . Thus , `` cash surrender '' ( and `` loan '' ) values arise from the policyholder 's rights to quit the contract and reclaim a share of the reserve fund attributable to his policy . ( see # Example of non-forfeiture values below )
Apothecaries' system
The wine gallon was abolished in Britain in 1826 , and this system was replaced by a new one based on the newly introduced imperial gallon . Since the imperial gallon is 20 % more than the liquid gallon , the same is true for the imperial pint in relation to the liquid pint . This explains why the number of fluid ounces per gallon had to be adjusted in the new system so that the fluid ounce was not changed too much by the reform . Even so , the modern UK fluid ounce is 4 % less than the US fluid ounce , and the same is true for the smaller units . For some years both systems were used concurrently in the UK .
Helium
Liquid helium below its lambda point ( called helium II ) exhibits very unusual characteristics . Due to its high thermal conductivity , when it boils , it does not bubble but rather evaporates directly from its surface . Helium - 3 also has a superfluid phase , but only at much lower temperatures ; as a result , less is known about the properties of the isotope . Unlike
Battle of Gettysburg
As the fighting to the west proceeded , two divisions of Ewell 's Second Corps , marching west toward Cashtown in accordance with Lee 's order for the army to concentrate in that vicinity , turned south on the Carlisle and Harrisburg roads toward Gettysburg , while the Union XI Corps ( Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard ) raced north on the Baltimore Pike and Taneytown Road . By early afternoon , the U.S. line ran in a semicircle west , north , and northeast of Gettysburg .
Oyster
Almost all shell - bearing mollusks can secrete pearls , yet most are not very valuable .
Federal Reserve System
Through its discount window and credit operations , Reserve Banks provide liquidity to banks to meet short - term needs stemming from seasonal fluctuations in deposits or unexpected withdrawals . Longer term liquidity may also be provided in exceptional circumstances . The rate the Fed charges banks for these loans is called the discount rate ( officially the primary credit rate ) .
The finger
The use of the middle finger has become pervasive in popular culture . The band Cobra Starship released a song called `` Middle Finger '' , and released a music video that showed people giving the finger . Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan installed a marble statue of a middle finger measuring 11 metres ( 36 ft ) , located directly in front of the Milan Stock Exchange . A now - famous photograph of Johnny Cash shows him giving the middle finger to a photographer during a 1969 concert at San Quentin State Prison , released as At San Quentin . However , the photo remained fairly obscure until 1998 , when producer Rick Rubin made it the centerpiece of an ad in Billboard criticizing country radio for not giving airplay to Cash 's Grammy - winning album Unchained . Cameron Diaz made the gesture during a photo shoot for Esquire . Harold Lloyd shot the finger to his own reflection in a Coney Island funhouse after getting paint on his suit in Speedy , his final silent feature , from 1928 .
File Explorer
Shell extension handlers are queried by the shell beforehand for modifying the action the shell takes . They can be associated on a per file type -- where they will show up only when a particular action takes place on a particular file type -- or on a global basis -- which are always available . The shell supports the following extension handlers :
Buttermilk pie
1 deep dish pie shell ( fresh or frozen ) poke holes all around bottom to prevent bubbling
Great Depression
The liquidation of debt could not keep up with the fall of prices which it caused . The mass effect of the stampede to liquidate increased the value of each dollar owed , relative to the value of declining asset holdings . The very effort of individuals to lessen their burden of debt effectively increased it . Paradoxically , the more the debtors paid , the more they owed . This self - aggravating process turned a 1930 recession into a 1933 great depression .
Jackson (song)
This is about the Wheeler / Leiber song recorded by the Cashes and by others . For the Lucinda Williams song , see Car Wheels on a Gravel Road .
Finding Dory
Marlin and Nemo attempt to rescue Dory . With the help of two California sea lions named Fluke and Rudder and a disfigured common loon named Becky , they manage to get into the institute and find her in the pipe system . Other blue tangs tell them that Dory 's parents escaped from the institute a long time ago to search for her and never came back , leaving Dory believing that they have died . Hank retrieves Dory from the tank , accidentally leaving Marlin and Nemo behind . He is then apprehended by one of the employees and unintentionally drops Dory into the drain , flushing her out to the ocean . While wandering aimlessly , she comes across a trail of shells ; remembering that when she was young , her parents had set out a similar trail to help her find her way back home , she follows it . At the end of the trail , Dory finds an empty brain coral with multiple shell trails leading to it . As she turns to leave , she sees her parents Jenny and Charlie in the distance . They tell her they spent years laying down the trails for her to follow in the hopes that she would eventually find them .
Xenon
Xenon is obtained commercially as a by - product of the separation of air into oxygen and nitrogen . After this separation , generally performed by fractional distillation in a double - column plant , the liquid oxygen produced will contain small quantities of krypton and xenon . By additional fractional distillation , the liquid oxygen may be enriched to contain 0.1 -- 0.2 % of a krypton / xenon mixture , which is extracted either by absorption onto silica gel or by distillation . Finally , the krypton / xenon mixture may be separated into krypton and xenon by further distillation . Worldwide production of xenon in 1998 was estimated at 5,000 -- 7,000 m . Because of its scarcity , xenon is much more expensive than the lighter noble gases -- approximate prices for the purchase of small quantities in Europe in 1999 were 10 € / L for xenon , 1 € / L for krypton , and 0.20 € / L for neon , while the much more plentiful argon costs less than a cent per liter .
Upper Deck Company
In 1999 , Upper Deck Company spent in excess of $1.1 million in acquiring vintage baseball memorabilia items at the Barry Halper Collection auction held at Sotheby 's in New York City . One of the items was a Ty Cobb jersey that Upper Deck paid $332,500 for . As part of a sweepstakes prize , it gave the jersey to 14 - year - old Robert Shell of Milwaukee . At the time , the estimated tax Robert was going to pay on the prize was $125,000 . The amount , his mother said , would force the family to sell the jersey .
Command-line interface
The terms command - line interpreter ( abbreviated CLI ) , command - line shell , or command language interpreter ( also abbreviated CLI ) are applied to computer programs designed to interpret a sequence of lines of text which may be entered by a user , read from a file or another kind of data stream . The context of interpretation is usually one of a given operating system or programming language .
Amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid , also known as Camerons fluid is present from the formation of the gestational sac . Amniotic fluid is in the amniotic sac . It is generated from maternal plasma , and passes through the fetal membranes by osmotic and hydrostatic forces . When fetal kidneys begin to function in about week 16 , fetal urine also contributes to the fluid . In earlier times , it was believed that the amniotic fluid was composed entirely of fetal urine .
Java version history
JSR 376 : Modularization of the JDK under Project Jigsaw ( Java Platform Module System ) JEP 222 : jshell : The Java Shell ( a Java REPL ) JEP 295 : Ahead - of - Time Compilation JEP 268 : XML Catalogs JEP 266 : More Concurrency Updates . It includes a Java implementation of Reactive Streams , including a new Flow class that will include the interfaces currently provided by Reactive Streams . JEP 193 : Variable Handles : Define a standard means to invoke the equivalents of various java. util. concurrent. atomic and sun. misc. Unsafe operations JEP 282 : jlink : The Java Linker : Create a tool that can assemble and optimize a set of modules and their dependencies into a custom run - time image . It effectively allows to produce a fully usable executable including the JVM to run it .
Automated teller machine
The first modern ATM was an IBM 2984 and came into use at Lloyds Bank , High Street , Brentwood , Essex , UK in December 1972 . The IBM 2984 was designed at the request of Lloyds Bank . The 2984 Cash Issuing Terminal was the first true ATM , similar in function to today 's machines and named by Lloyds Bank : Cashpoint . Cashpoint is still a registered trademark of Lloyds Banking Group in the UK , but is often used as a generic trademark to refer to ATMs of all UK banks . All were online and issued a variable amount which was immediately deducted from the account . A small number of 2984s were supplied to a U.S. bank . A couple of well known historical models of ATMs include the IBM 3614 , IBM 3624 and 473x series , Diebold 10xx and TABS 9000 series , NCR 1780 and earlier NCR 770 series .
Pleurisy
Once the presence of an excess fluid in the pleural cavity , or pleural effusion , is suspected and location of fluid is confirmed , a sample of fluid can be removed for testing . The procedure to remove fluid in the chest is called a diagnostic thoracentesis . The doctor inserts a small needle or a thin , hollow , plastic tube in the chest wall and withdraws fluid .
Nickel
, Ni General properties Appearance lustrous , metallic , and silver with a gold tinge Standard atomic weight ( A ) 7001586934000000000 ♠ 58.6934 ( 4 ) Nickel in the periodic table Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury ( element ) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson -- ↑ Ni ↓ Pd cobalt ← nickel → copper Atomic number ( Z ) 28 Group group 10 Period period 4 Element category transition metal Block d - block Electron configuration ( Ar ) 3d 4s or ( Ar ) 3d 4s Electrons per shell 2 , 8 , 16 , 2 or 2 , 8 , 17 , 1 Physical properties Phase ( at STP ) solid Melting point 1728 K ​ ( 1455 ° C , ​ 2651 ° F ) Boiling point 3003 K ​ ( 2730 ° C , ​ 4946 ° F ) Density ( near r.t. ) 8.908 g / cm when liquid ( at m.p.
Taco Bell
On September 15 , 2016 , Taco Bell introduced the Cheddar Habanero Quesarito , a quesadilla shelled burrito .
Operating system
The Linux kernel originated in 1991 , as a project of Linus Torvalds , while a university student in Finland . He posted information about his project on a newsgroup for computer students and programmers , and received support and assistance from volunteers who succeeded in creating a complete and functional kernel .
Cash register
Registers will typically feature a numerical pad , QWERTY or custom keyboard , touch screen interface , or a combination of these input methods for the cashier to enter products and fees by hand and access information necessary to complete the sale . For older registers as well as at restaurants and other establishments that do not sell barcoded items , the manual input may be the only method of interacting with the register . While customization was previously limited to larger chains that could afford to have physical keyboards custom - built for their needs , the customization of register inputs is now more widespread with the use of touch screens that can display a variety of point of sale software .
Angora wool
Angora hair or Angora fibre refers to the downy coat produced by the Angora rabbit . While their names are similar , Angora fibre is distinct from mohair , which comes from the Angora goat . Angora fibre is also distinct from cashmere , which comes from the cashmere goat . Angora is known for its softness , thin fibres , and what knitters refer to as a halo ( fluffiness ) . It is also known for its silky texture . It is much warmer and lighter than wool due to the hollow core of the angora fibre . It also gives them their characteristic floating feel .
Amniotic fluid
For humans , the amniotic fluid is commonly called water or waters ( Latin liquor amnii ) ,
Cumulus cloud
The liquid water density within a cumulus cloud has been found to change with height above the cloud base rather than being approximately constant throughout the cloud . At the cloud base , the concentration was 0 grams of liquid water per kilogram of air . As altitude increased , the concentration rapidly increased to the maximum concentration near the middle of the cloud . The maximum concentration was found to be anything up to 1.25 grams of water per kilogram of air . The concentration slowly dropped off as altitude increased to the height of the top of the cloud , where it immediately dropped to zero again . Lines
Maldives
Historically Maldives provided enormous quantities of cowry shells , an international currency of the early ages . From the 2nd century AD the islands were known as the ' Money Isles ' by the Arabs . Monetaria moneta were used for centuries as a currency in Africa , and huge amounts of Maldivian cowries were introduced into Africa by western nations during the period of slave trade . The cowry is now the symbol of the Maldives Monetary Authority .
Red Rock (TV series)
Soon after Bridget comes home , she discovers a box of cash hidden in Darren 's room . She keeps quiet about the cash and spends most of it . It 's soon revealed that this cash was blackmail money Darren was receiving from David to keep his relationship with Katie secret . Darren was demanding more and more money , causing an angry confrontation between Darren and the Hennessy brothers which resulted in his death . A bitter and angry Michael revealed this to Katie who quickly ended the relationship and reported David 's involvement with Darren 's death to the gardaí .
War of 1812
Indeed , they facilitated smuggling across the Canadian border , and sent large amounts of gold and silver to Canada , which created serious shortages in the US . Across the two and half years of the war , 1812 -- 1815 , the federal government took in more money than it spent . Cash out was $119.5 million , cash in was $154.0 million . Two - thirds of the income was borrowing that had to be paid back in later years ; the national debt went from $56.0 million in 1812 to $127.3 million in 1815 . Out of the GDP ( gross domestic product ) of about $925 million ( in 1815 ) , this was not a large burden for a national population of 8 million people . A new Second Bank of the United States was set up in 1816 , and after that the financial system performed very well , even though there was still a shortage of gold and silver .
Pragmatism
Many of James ' best - turned phrases -- truth 's cash value ( James 1907 , p. 200 ) and the true is only the expedient in our way of thinking ( James 1907 , p. 222 ) -- were taken out of context and caricatured in contemporary literature as representing the view where any idea with practical utility is true . William James wrote :
File Explorer
While Windows Explorer natively exposes the extensibility points as COM interfaces , . NET Framework can also be used to write extensions , using the COM Interop functionality of . NET Framework . While Microsoft itself makes available extensions -- such as the photo info tool -- which are authored using . NET Framework , they currently recommend against writing managed shell extensions , as only one instance of the CLR ( prior to version 4.0 ) can be loaded per - process . This behavior will cause conflicts if multiple managed add - ins , targeting different versions of the CLR , are attempted to be run simultaneously .
Command-line interface
In November 2006 , Microsoft released version 1.0 of Windows PowerShell ( formerly codenamed Monad ) , which combined features of traditional Unix shells with their proprietary object - oriented . NET Framework . MinGW and Cygwin are open - source packages for Windows that offer a Unix - like CLI . Microsoft provides MKS Inc. 's ksh implementation MKS Korn shell for Windows through their Services for UNIX add - on .
State of matter
Close to absolute zero , some liquids form a second liquid state described as superfluid because it has zero viscosity ( or infinite fluidity ; i.e. , flowing without friction ) . This was discovered in 1937 for helium , which forms a superfluid below the lambda temperature of 2.17 K . In this state it will attempt to `` climb '' out of its container . It also has infinite thermal conductivity so that no temperature gradient can form in a superfluid . Placing a superfluid in a spinning container will result in quantized vortices .
Ojibwe
Ceremonies also used the miigis shell ( cowry shell ) , which is found naturally in distant coastal areas . Their use of such shells demonstrates there was a vast trade network across the continent at some time . The use and trade of copper across the continent has also been proof of a large trading network that took place for thousands of years , as far back as the Hopewell tradition . Certain types of rock used for spear and arrow heads were also traded over large distances . Pictographs
Venus
One possibility is that Venus has no solid inner core , or that its core is not cooling , so that the entire liquid part of the core is at approximately the same temperature . Another possibility is that its core has already completely solidified . The state of the core is highly dependent on the concentration of sulfur , which is unknown at present .
Whole life insurance
The company generally will guarantee that the policy 's cash values will increase every year regardless of the performance of the company or its experience with death claims ( again compared to universal life insurance and variable universal life insurance which can increase the costs and decrease the cash values of the policy ) . The dividends can be taken in one of three ways . The policy owner can be given a cheque from the insurance company for the dividends , the dividends can be used to reduce the premium payment , or the dividends can be reinvested back into the policy to increase the death benefit and the cash value at a faster rate . When the dividends paid on a whole life policy are chosen by the policy owner to be reinvested back into the policy , the cash value can increase at a rather substantial rate depending on the performance of the company .
Gulf of Mexico
On May 12 , 2016 , a release of oil from subsea infrastructure on Shell 's Brutus oil rig released 2,100 barrels of oil . This leak created a visible 2 mile by 13 mile oil slick in the sea about 97 miles south of Port Fourchon , Louisiana , according to the U.S. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement .
Whole life insurance
The cash value will grow tax - deferred with compounding interest . Even though the growth is considered `` tax - deferred , '' any loans taken from the policy will be tax - free as long as the policy remains in force . In addition , the death benefit remains tax - free ( meaning no income tax and no estate tax ) . As the cash value increases , the death benefit will also increase and this growth is also non-taxable . The only way tax is ever due on the policy is ( 1 ) if the premiums were paid with pre-tax dollars , ( 2 ) if cash value is `` withdrawn '' past basis rather than `` borrowed , '' or ( 3 ) if the policy is surrendered . Most whole life policies can be surrendered at any time for the cash value amount , and income taxes will usually only be placed on the gains of the cash account that exceeds the total premium outlay . Thus , many are using whole life insurance policies as a retirement funding vehicle rather than for risk management .
Cash register
Cash registers include a key labeled `` No Sale '' , abbreviated `` NS '' on many modern electronic cash registers . Its function is to open the drawer , printing a receipt stating `` No Sale '' and recording in the register log that the register was opened . Some cash registers require a numeric password or physical key to be used when attempting to open the till .
Cytosol
The term `` cytosol '' was first introduced in 1965 by H.A. Lardy , and initially referred to the liquid that was produced by breaking cells apart and pelleting all the insoluble components by ultracentrifugation . Such a soluble cell extract is not identical to the soluble part of the cell cytoplasm and is usually called a cytoplasmic fraction .
Pleurisy
Ultrasonography uses sound waves to create an image . It may show where fluid is located in the chest . It also can show some tumors . Although ultrasound may detect fluid around the lungs , also known as a pleural effusion , sound waves are scattered by air . Therefore , an actual picture of the lungs can not be obtained with ultrasonography . Computed