vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Grey's Anatomy (season 2)
Numerous supporting characters have been given expansive and recurring appearances in the progressive story line . Sara Ramirez appeared in a nine episode arc in the season , portraying orthopedic surgical resident Callie Torres , introduced and developed as a love interest for the character of George O'Malley . Steven W. Bailey is introduced in the recurring role of Joe , the Bartender , often being portrayed as a confidant of the surgeons of Seattle Grace Hospital . Chris O'Donnell portrayed Veterinary physician Finn Dandridge , who became a love interest for Meredith Grey . Renowned surgeon Ellis Grey , Meredith 's mother , who is suffering from Alzheimer 's disease , continues her recurring role from the first season , being portrayed by Kate Burton . Brooke Smith portrayed Erica Hahn , a cardiothoracic surgeon at Seattle Presbyterian Hospital , who is revealed to have been a rival of Preston Burke ever since they attended medical school together . Jeffrey Dean Morgan appears in six episodes throughout the season , portraying patient Denny Duquette , who begins a relationship with Izzie Stevens , but ultimately dies following an unsuccessful heart transplant surgery . Loretta Devine acted as Adele Webber , Richard 's wife , who is revealed to have been aware of her husband 's affair since its inception . Other guest stars include Sarah Utterback in the role of nurse Olivia Harper , love interest of both George O'Malley and Alex Karev , Kali Rocha portraying fifth - year resident Sydney Heron , who replaces Miranda Bailey temporarily when she takes a maternity leave , Jeff Perry portraying Meredith Grey 's father , Thatcher Grey , Mare Winningham in the role of Susan Grey , Tsai Chin in the role of Helen Yang Rubenstein , Cristina 's mother , Mandy Siegfried portraying Molly Grey Thompson , Meredith 's half - sister and Tessa Thompson portraying Camille Travis , Richard Webber 's niece , Christina Ricci portraying paramedic Hannah Davies , and Kyle Chandler in the role of Dylan Young , head of the bomb squad . Eric Dane , who would be promoted to a series regular in the third season , appeared in the eighteenth episode , portraying attending physician , otolaryngologist and plastic surgeon Mark Sloan , Addison Montgomery 's former lover , whose affair with her is presented as the reason behind the estrangement of her husband , Derek Shepherd .
Amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid is removed from the mother by an amniocentesis procedure , where a long needle is inserted through the abdomen into the amniotic sac , using ultrasound guidance such that the fetus is not harmed . Amniocentesis is an abnormal procedure , and is only performed if there is a suspicion of health defects in the fetus , or if an early delivery of the fetus may be necessary , since there can be complications from the procedure . If warranted , fluid is collected between 16 -- 42 weeks of fetal development , and 20 - 30ml of fluid are removed .
Southern strategy
With control of powerful committees , Southern Democrats gained new federal military installations in the South and other federal investments during and after the war . Changes in industry and growth in universities and the military establishment in turn attracted Northern transplants to the South and bolstered the base of the Republican Party . In the post-war presidential campaigns , Republicans did best in those fastest - growing states of the South that had the most Northern transplants . In the 1952 , 1956 and 1960 elections , Virginia , Tennessee and Florida went Republican while Louisiana went Republican in 1956 and Texas twice voted for Dwight D. Eisenhower and once for John F. Kennedy . In 1956 , Eisenhower received 48.9 % of the Southern vote , becoming only the second Republican in history ( after Ulysses S. Grant ) to get a plurality of Southern votes .
Dan Scott
Four and a half years later , Nathan visits Dan in prison , and tells him that he will never be like him . Nathan then tells Dan that Jamie found a picture of him once and Nathan told him that his grandfather was dead . Later , a prison guard tells Dan that Nathan left behind an envelope , which contains a picture of Jamie . A parole hearing is held for Dan and despite Lucas pleading with the board not to be fooled by Dan , he is released . Soon after , Dan goes to a store to buy a basketball for his grandson and ends up sleeping with the cashier later that night . At Lucas 's wedding , Dan sits outside in his car and is confronted by Haley , who tells him to stay away from the family . When Jamie is abducted during the ceremony by his evil nanny , Carrie , Dan saves him and threatens Carrie , telling her that he killed his brother and would have no problem doing the same to her . Dan then returns Jamie to Nathan and Haley 's house and is attacked by Lucas and Nathan . On Jamie 's 5th birthday Dan goes to drop off a gift and has a confrontation with Deb . After the party Nathan goes and tells Dan to stay away and Dan reveals he only has six months to live due to his HCM . After the man in front of him on the heart transplant list dies he becomes number one. Excited he leaves the hospital and helps an old man retrieve his cane before getting hit by a car . Ironically , seconds later his beeper goes off because a heart has been found for him .
Izzie Stevens
Discussing Izzie 's relationship with Alex in a 2006 Cosmopolitan interview , Heigl assessed that `` Even when Alex was a complete dirtbag to her ( Izzie ) , she forgave him and gave him another chance . And he really screwed her over . ( ... ) To go for a guy like that is to say I want to be damaged . ' '' Writer Stacy McKee deemed Izzie 's moving on from Alex to patient Denny Duquette `` karma '' , as Alex previously treated Izzie badly , yet as he begins to realize his true feelings , he is forced to watch her embark on a romance with `` the undeniably handsome - and totally charming '' Denny . Series writer Blythe Robe commented on Izzie and Denny : `` I love the way Izzie lights up when she 's around him . I love their relationship because it 's so pure and honest and completely game free . '' Writer Elizabeth Klaviter noted at this time the way Izzie `` seems to be sacrificing her reputation because of her feelings for Denny . '' When Izzie deliberately worsened Denny 's condition to move him up the transplant list , series writer Mark Wilding questioned the morality of the actions , asking : `` is Izzie bad for doing it ? Is she tremendously irresponsible ? She cut the LVAD wire for love so does that make her action understandable ? '' Heigl
Gene
Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction . This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes , sometimes thought to contribute more to genetic variation than gene duplication . It is a common means of spreading antibiotic resistance , virulence , and adaptive metabolic functions . Although horizontal gene transfer is rare in eukaryotes , likely examples have been identified of protist and alga genomes containing genes of bacterial origin .
Travelers (TV series)
Grace tries to help Trevor with his academics , and Jacqueline promises that she will not let the system fail Carly and her child . Philip discovers that gambling outcomes are deviating slightly from the historic record . 9 9 `` Bishop '' Will Waring Amanda Smith December 12 , 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 12 ) After asking Marcy to move out , David admits he ca n't bear to be without her . She tells him she is dying , and they kiss . Trevor tries to connect with his father . Jeff files assault charges , preventing Carly from finding a job . She asks him to take the baby for an afternoon , unaware he has tipped Kat off to Carly 's relationship with MacLaren . Under orders , a traveler murders her host 's Cabinet - member husband , and instructs MacLaren to board a flight as Congressman Bishop 's seatmate . In flight , MacLaren learns he is to activate a stasis field to save himself and Bishop , while all others aboard will die in a crash . MacLaren discovers Kat followed him on board , believing she would witness his infidelity . He instructs Kat and Bishop to use the stasis device , and attempts to survive impact unaided , using only Philip 's knowledge of the crash . At the crash site , the team resuscitate Kat and Bishop , and Bishop is overwritten . To Carly 's dismay , MacLaren is taken away by traveler paramedics before the team can reach him . 10 10 `` Kathryn '' Andy Mikita Jason Whiting & SB Edwards December 19 , 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 19 ) Marcy erases Kat 's memory of the crash and of the preceding day , and stages her home to make it appear as if she had drunk too much the night before . Philip removes MacLaren 's car from the airport , but Forbes believes it is theft . Carly extracts Philip , while Forbes and Kat search for MacLaren . An advanced traveler medical team treats MacLaren with nanites to repair his massive internal damage . Trevor undergoes a painful procedure to grow a transplant heart for MacLaren . Unconscious , MacLaren experiences memories of his host 's life with Kat .
Haters Back Off
The audience starts laughing at everything Miranda says . She asks : `` Why is it funny that someone would love me ? '' and they fall silent . Miranda attacks Owen and April to get the ring but is forced out into the pouring rain by security . Miranda has treated everyone so badly that no one will take her calls . Arriving drenched at home , she yells at Bethany , who explains that she failed to attend because of her kidney medication . Bethany reveals that she needs a kidney donor or she will die . She leaves Miranda alone in the house . Miranda is about to delete `` Free Voice Lesson '' , but sees that it has over 100,000 views and many positive comments . She yells `` Uncle Jim , it worked ! '' , but no one is there . More views accumulate as she experiences her moment of greatest loneliness . Just then , Miranda hears the bell of Patrick 's bike and looks up hopefully .
Maldives
Again , in 2016 , the coral reefs of the Maldives experienced a severe bleaching incident . Up to 95 % of coral around some islands have died , and , even after six months , 100 % of young coral transplants died . The surface water temperatures reached an all - time high in 2016 , at 31 degrees Celsius in May .
Bacterial conjugation
Conjugation is a convenient means for transferring genetic material to a variety of targets . In laboratories , successful transfers have been reported from bacteria to yeast , plants , mammalian cells , diatoms and isolated mammalian mitochondria . Conjugation has advantages over other forms of genetic transfer including minimal disruption of the target 's cellular envelope and the ability to transfer relatively large amounts of genetic material ( see the above discussion of E. coli chromosome transfer ) . In plant engineering , Agrobacterium - like conjugation complements other standard vehicles such as tobacco mosaic virus ( TMV ) . While TMV is capable of infecting many plant families these are primarily herbaceous dicots . Agrobacterium - like conjugation is also primarily used for dicots , but monocot recipients are not uncommon .
BIOS
New standards grafted onto the BIOS are usually without complete public documentation or any BIOS listings . As a result , it is not as easy to learn the intimate details about the many non-IBM additions to BIOS as about the core BIOS services .
Tom Lehrer
Stylistically influenced performers include American political satirist Mark Russell , Canadian comedian and songwriter Randy Vancourt and the British duo Kit and The Widow . British medical satirists Amateur Transplants acknowledge the debt they owe to Lehrer on the back of their first album , Fitness to Practice . Their songs `` The Menstrual Rag '' and `` The Drugs Song '' are to the tunes of Lehrer 's `` The Vatican Rag '' and `` The Elements '' ( the tune of the `` Major - General 's Song '' from The Pirates of Penzance by Gilbert and Sullivan ) respectively . Their second album , Unfit to Practise , opens with an update of Lehrer 's `` The Masochism Tango '' and is called `` Masochism Tango 2008 '' .
Fermentation
This disproportionation reaction is catalysed by methanogen archaea in their fermentative metabolism . One electron is transferred from the carbonyl function ( e donor ) of the carboxylic group to the methyl group ( e acceptor ) of acetic acid to respectively produce CO and methane gas .
Starbucks
In March 2016 , Starbucks unveiled a five - year plan to donate 100 percent of unsold food from its 7,600 company - operated stores in the U.S. to local food banks and pantries . Perishable food will be transported in refrigerated trucks to area food banks through the company 's partnerships with the Food Donation Connection and Feeding America . This program , called FoodShare , is expected to provide up to 50 million meals over the next five years .
My Sister's Keeper (novel)
My Sister 's Keeper is a 2004 novel written by Jodi Picoult . It tells the story of thirteen - year - old Anna Fitzgerald , who sues her parents for medical emancipation when she discovers she was supposed to donate a kidney to her elder sister Kate , who is gradually dying from acute leukemia .
Insulin
Even during digestion , in general , one or two hours following a meal , insulin release from the pancreas is not continuous , but oscillates with a period of 3 -- 6 minutes , changing from generating a blood insulin concentration more than about 800 p mol / l to less than 100 pmol / l . This is thought to avoid downregulation of insulin receptors in target cells , and to assist the liver in extracting insulin from the blood . This oscillation is important to consider when administering insulin - stimulating medication , since it is the oscillating blood concentration of insulin release , which should , ideally , be achieved , not a constant high concentration . This may be achieved by delivering insulin rhythmically to the portal vein or by islet cell transplantation to the liver .
P700
P700 , or photosystem I primary donor , ( where P stands for pigment ) is the reaction - center chlorophyll a molecule in association with photosystem I. Its absorption spectrum peaks at 700 nm . When photosystem I absorbs light , an electron is excited to a higher energy level in the P700 chlorophyll . The resulting P700 with excited electron is designated P700 * , and is the strongest biological reducing agent ( in contrast to P680 of photosystem II , the strongest biological oxidizing agent ) . The electron is subsequently captured by the primary electron acceptor . Type I photosystems use ferredoxin - like iron - sulfur cluster proteins as terminal electron acceptors . Photosystem I is more complex than photosystem II ( P680 ) , as it has a more complex antenna system , has more subunits in its overall structure , and may exhibit cyclic or non-cyclic electron transfer from the excited P700 * to the electron acceptor .
List of Code Black episodes
13 13 `` First Date '' Constantine Makris Kristen Kim January 20 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 20 ) CB113 7.29 When a 16 - year - old girl who is from a Christian - Scientist family comes into Angels requiring surgery , the ER must deal with her father who forbids the surgery . Angus ' brother begins an observational rotation prior to accepting a new job in the hospital as an attending surgeon . Christa treats a patient who is experiencing breathing problems who does n't seem to be improving ; when the patient dies following discharge , she blames herself for her death . Later , Neal and Christa kiss , while Malaya treats a patient named Gordon who flirts with her . Meanwhile , Leanne decides to leave her job . 14 14 `` The Fifth Stage '' Oz Scott Brett Mahoney January 27 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 27 ) CB114 7.49 In a shooting accident between two feuding families , one of the victims is required a kidney transplant with their cousin being the perfect match ; however , the father refuses . Neal and Christa begin their relationship and Leanne forgives the drunk driver who killed her family . Malaya again deals with Gordon , who seems to be following her more often now . Later , he sneaks into the staff lockers to confront Gina , but he stabs her to death . Christa discovers her body and calls for help . 15 15 `` Diagnosis of Exclusion '' David Von Ancken Corey Evett and Matthew Partney February 3 , 2016 ( 2016 - 02 - 03 ) CB115 6.90 In the aftermath of Gina 's death , the doctors are questioned . Gordon had been at the hospital at least 17 times under different aliases and frequently asking for Malaya . Once Gina had been attacked , he followed Malaya to the elevator . She lies to him and takes another floor , but he continues to follow her . He asks her out , but she tells him that she is gay . Angry , he attacks her by slitting her and attempts to rape her . Angus arrives in time and pushes Gordon to the ground . He tells her to go to the ER . During Angus ' fight with Gordon , Gordon accidentally stabs a knife into his neck .
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Taking this into account the research group applied their new technique in an attempt to produce human SCNT stem cells . In May 2013 , the Oregon group reported the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines derived through SCNT , using fetal and infant donor cells . Using MII oocytes from volunteers and their improved SCNT procedure , human clone embryos were successfully produced . These embryos were of poor quality , lacking a substantial inner cell mass and poorly constructed trophectoderm . The imperfect embryos prevented the acquisition of human ESC . The addition of caffeine during the removal of the ovum 's nucleus and injection of the somatic nucleus improved blastocyst formation and ESC isolation . The ESC obtain were found to be capable of producing teratomas , expressed pluripotent transcription factors , and expressed a normal 46XX karyotype , indicating these SCNT were in fact ESC - like . This was the first instance of successfully using SCNT to reprogram human somatic cells . This study used fetal and infantile somatic cells to produce their ESC .
Confederate States of America
As the Confederate government lost control of territory in campaign after campaign , it was said that `` the vast size of the Confederacy would make its conquest impossible '' . The enemy would be struck down by the same elements which so often debilitated or destroyed visitors and transplants in the South . Heat exhaustion , sunstroke , endemic diseases such as malaria and typhoid would match the destructive effectiveness of the Moscow winter on the invading armies of Napoleon . The
Greco-Persian Wars
After Byzantium , the Spartans were allegedly eager to end their involvement in the war . The Spartans were supposedly of the view that , with the liberation of mainland Greece and the Greek cities of Asia Minor , the war 's purpose had already been reached . There was also perhaps a feeling that securing long - term security for the Asian Greeks would prove impossible . In the aftermath of Mycale , the Spartan king Leotychides had proposed transplanting all the Greeks from Asia Minor to Europe as the only method of permanently freeing them from Persian dominion . Xanthippus , the Athenian commander at Mycale , had furiously rejected this ; the Ionian cities were originally Athenian colonies , and the Athenians , if no - one else , would protect the Ionians . This marks the point at which the leadership of the Greek Alliance effectively passed to the Athenians . With the Spartan withdrawal after Byzantium , the leadership of the Athenians became explicit .
Starbucks
Since 2010 , Starbucks has been donating leftover pastries in the United States to local food banks through a food collection service named Food Donation Connection .
Water splitting
First step in the water oxidation catalysis by WOCs is the transfer of electron from the catalyst to the oxidizing agent , which can be enhanced by introducing strong electron donating ligands in the catalyst . Second step involves the water oxidation for which the redox potential of the catalyst should have a high oxidizing power at the highest oxidation state . The third step which is the O-O bond formation has been investigated to proceed by two mechanisms : water nucleophilic attack ( WNA ) , in which water attacks the oxo group of the metal complex , resulting in two electron reduction of the metal and O formation ; and interaction of two M-O species ( 12M ) which leads to the formation of peroxo - intermediate . The last step is the release of the molecular oxygen which is a slow step .
History of agriculture
Dan Albone constructed the first commercially successful gasoline - powered general purpose tractor in 1901 , and the 1923 International Harvester Farmall tractor marked a major point in the replacement of draft animals ( particularly horses ) with machines . Since that time , self - propelled mechanical harvesters ( combines ) , planters , transplanters and other equipment have been developed , further revolutionizing agriculture . These inventions allowed farming tasks to be done with a speed and on a scale previously impossible , leading modern farms to output much greater volumes of high - quality produce per land unit . Bt
History of Australia (1788–1850)
Traditional Aboriginal society had been governed by councils of elders and a corporate decision - making process , but the first European - style governments established after 1788 were autocratic and run by appointed governors -- although English law was transplanted into the Australian colonies by virtue of the doctrine of reception , thus notions of the rights and processes established by the Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights 1689 were brought from Britain by the colonists . Agitation for representative government began soon after the settlement of the colonies .
Grey's Anatomy (season 2)
Ramirez 's character was given recurring status in the second season , having been conceived as a love interest for George O'Malley . At Torres ' initial appearance on the show , she was disliked by fans , due to her getting in the way of O'Malley and Grey 's relationship . When asked of this , Ramirez said : `` You do run across a lot of people who are extremely invested in that story line . Obviously , I 've heard some negative stuff . '' Discussing Izzie Stevens ' relationship with Alex Karev , Katherine Heigl described her character as naive enough to believe she can save him , assessing that : `` Even when Alex was a complete dirtbag to her , she forgave him and gave him another chance . And he really screwed her over . '' Writer Stacy McKee described Izzie 's moving on from Alex to patient Denny Duquette as `` karma '' , as Alex previously treated Izzie badly , yet as he begins to realize his true feelings , he is forced to watch her embark on a romance with Denny , regarded by her as `` undeniably handsome and totally charming '' . Series writer Blythe Robe commented on Izzie and Denny : `` I love the way Izzie lights up when she 's around him . I love their relationship because it 's so pure and honest and completely game free . '' Writer Elizabeth Klaviter noted at this time the way Izzie `` seems to be sacrificing her reputation because of her feelings for Denny . '' When Izzie deliberately worsened Denny 's condition to move him up the transplant list , series writer Mark Wilding questioned the morality of the actions , asking : `` Is Izzie bad for doing it ? Is she tremendously irresponsible ? She cut the wire for love so does that make her action understandable ? '' Series creator Shonda Rhimes discussed costuming choices in the scene which saw the interns gather around Denny 's deathbed , explaining : `` Meredith and George and Cristina and Callie and Alex are all dressed , not for a prom , but for a funeral . Everyone in dark colors , everyone dressed somberly . As if they were in mourning .