vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Logan (film)
Mainland China is the movie 's best grossing foreign market , contributing $106 million in box office . The film became the first ever film -- both local and foreign -- required by a new Film Promotion Law , which went into effect on March 1 , 2017 , to feature an age - restriction warning in its marketing material . Nevertheless , the film is still trimmed by 14 minutes , totaling 123 minutes . It is very likely that the move was due to usual censorship by the State Administration of Press , Publication , Radio , Film and Television , because of the violence depicted . Despite such restrictions , the film managed to debut with a better - than - expected $48.9 million , including previews , according to data from Ent Group ( Fox reported $46.3 million ) . This marked the second biggest X-Men opening in the country , trailing behind only Apocalypse . Tracking showed that the film opened with 85,000 screenings on Friday , which increased to about 95,000 on Saturday and Sunday , from a 9.98 million attendance . Included within that total was $4.4 million from 388 IMAX screens .
Guns N' Roses
The group played a further two shows in Las Vegas at the end of 2001 . Former guitarist Slash claimed that he tried to attend a show and was turned away at the door by security . Due to his frustrations with touring , rhythm guitarist Paul Tobias left the band in 2002 and was replaced by Richard Fortus ( formerly of The Psychedelic Furs and Love Spit Love ) . Fortus is good friends with and had previously collaborated with bassist Tommy Stinson , who recommended him for the position . Producer Roy Thomas Baker was fired in February 2002 . Drudge Report reported in June 2002 that Chinese Democracy was scheduled for a September 2 , 2002 release .
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
A relatively early example of a live performance is Alice in Wonderland , a musical play by H. Saville Clark ( book ) and Walter Slaughter ( music ) , which played in 1886 at the Prince of Wales Theatre in London . The first production on Broadway premiered in 1915 , adapted by Alice Gerstenberg and starring Vivian Tobin . Actress Eva Le Gallienne famously adapted both Alice books for the stage in 1932 ; this production was revived in New York in 1947 and 1982 . One of the best - known American productions was Joseph Papp 's 1980 staging of Alice in Concert at the Public Theater in New York City . Meryl Streep played Alice , the White Queen , and Humpty Dumpty . The cast also included Debbie Allen , Michael Jeter , and Mark Linn - Baker . Performed on a bare stage with the actors in modern dress , the play is a loose adaptation , with song styles ranging the globe . Elizabeth Swados wrote the book , lyrics , and music . Based on both Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking - Glass , Papp and Swados had previously produced a version of it at the New York Shakespeare Festival . In 2001 , Adrian Mitchell wrote a 2 act adaptation of both Alice novels for the RSC ( Royal Shakespeare Company ) , Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking - Glass . It was a critical failure at the time , but has gained many amateur productions since , most notably with the 2010 Chichester festival theatre revival . The operatic production Alice ( 1992 ) uses both Alice books as its inspiration and employs scenes with Charles Dodgson , a young Alice Liddell , and an adult Alice Liddell , to frame the story . Paul Schmidt wrote the play , with Tom Waits and Kathleen Brennan writing the music . Although the original production in Hamburg , Germany , received only a small audience , Tom Waits released the songs as the album Alice ( 2002 ) . Michael Sirotta and Heather M. Dominick wrote a musical adaption of the novel , titled Alice in Wonderland , a Musical Adventure ( 1997 ) , suitable for young actors as well as for adult performers .
The Fate of the Furious
Buoyed by positive word - of - mouth -- 9.4 / 10 user rating on mobile ticketing platform Maoyan , and 7.4 / 10 from reviews aggregator Douban -- and effective marketing campaign , it set a new record for the biggest single - day ever at the Chinese box office , including previews . This was achieved at 7 p.m. local time . In total , the film grossed an estimated RMB 452.8 million ( $65.8 million ) on its opening day , inclusive of previews and online ticketing surcharges , compared to the RMB 398 million ( $57.8 million ) posted by its predecessor . It is the first film in Chinese history to register above RMB 400 million ( $58 million ) in a single day . Earning a total of RMB 1.323 billion ( $192.2 million ) , according to Chinese sources and RMB 190 million , according to Universal , in its debut weekend , it set a new milestone for three - day opening weekend and overall the second - best debut ever behind only local pic The Mermaid , which had the benefit of four days of previews over the New Year period in February 2016 . An estimated $14 million came from 395 IMAX screens , the second - biggest - ever in the country , behind Warcraft . Its three - day debut alone made it the biggest Hollywood release of 2017 and the third - biggest overall . Factoring out online ticketing surcharges , the total comes to a slightly less - hefty RMB 1.245 billion ( $182.2 million ) . In just nine days , the film passed the historic RMB 2 billion ( $300 million ) and thereby became the biggest release of the year . The film fell precipitously by 71.4 % in its second weekend ( from its $190 million debut ) , earning RMB 374 million ( $54.3 million ) for a massive 10 - day total of RMB 2.19 billion ( $318 million ) . On April 30 , it became the biggest Hollywood / foreign release of all time with RMB 2.44 billion , surpassing its prequels former record of 2.41 billion .
Dada
After the war , the artists published a series of short - lived political magazines and held the First International Dada Fair , ' the greatest project yet conceived by the Berlin Dadaists ' , in the summer of 1920 . As well as work by the main members of Berlin Dada -- Grosz , Raoul Hausmann , Hannah Höch , Johannes Baader , Huelsenbeck and Heartfield -- the exhibition also included the work of Otto Dix , Francis Picabia , Jean Arp , Max Ernst , Rudolf Schlichter , Johannes Baargeld and others . In all , over 200 works were exhibited , surrounded by incendiary slogans , some of which also ended up written on the walls of the Nazi 's Entartete Kunst exhibition in 1937 . Despite high ticket prices , the exhibition lost money , with only one recorded sale .
World War II
Hitler defied the Versailles and Locarno treaties by remilitarising the Rhineland in March 1936 , encountering little opposition . In October 1936 , Germany and Italy formed the Rome -- Berlin Axis . A month later , Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact , which Italy would join in the following year .
Vietnam War
The Kennedy administration remained essentially committed to the Cold War foreign policy inherited from the Truman and Eisenhower administrations . In 1961 , the U.S. had 50,000 troops based in South Korea , and Kennedy faced a three - part crisis -- the failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion , the construction of the Berlin Wall , and a negotiated settlement between the pro-Western government of Laos and the Pathet Lao communist movement . These crises made Kennedy believe that another failure on the part of the United States to gain control and stop communist expansion would fatally damage U.S. credibility with its allies and his own reputation . Kennedy was thus determined to `` draw a line in the sand '' and prevent a communist victory in Vietnam . He told James Reston of The New York Times immediately after his Vienna meeting with Khrushchev , `` Now we have a problem making our power credible and Vietnam looks like the place . '' South
History of Germany (1945–90)
By 1950 , after the virtual completion of the by then much watered - down plans , equipment had been removed from 706 factories in the west and steel production capacity had been reduced by 6,700,000 tons .
World War I
In November 1918 , the Allies had ample supplies of men and materiel to invade Germany . Yet at the time of the armistice , no Allied force had crossed the German frontier ; the Western Front was still some 720 kilometres ( 450 mi ) from Berlin ; and the Kaiser 's armies had retreated from the battlefield in good order . These factors enabled Hindenburg and other senior German leaders to spread the story that their armies had not really been defeated . This resulted in the stab - in - the - back legend , which attributed Germany 's defeat not to its inability to continue fighting ( even though up to a million soldiers were suffering from the 1918 flu pandemic and unfit to fight ) , but to the public 's failure to respond to its `` patriotic calling '' and the supposed intentional sabotage of the war effort , particularly by Jews , Socialists , and Bolsheviks .
Old City (Jerusalem)
In 1099 , Jerusalem was captured by the Western Christian army of the First Crusade and it remained in their hands until recaptured by the Arab Muslims , led by Saladin , on October 2 , 1187 . He summoned the Jews and permitted them to resettle in the city . In 1219 , the walls of the city were razed by Mu'azzim Sultan of Damascus ; in 1229 , by treaty with Egypt , Jerusalem came into the hands of Frederick II of Germany . In 1239 he began to rebuild the walls , but they were demolished again by Da'ud , the emir of Kerak . In 1243 , Jerusalem came again under the control of the Christians , and the walls were repaired . The Kharezmian Tatars took the city in 1244 and Sultan Malik al - Muazzam razed the walls , rendering it again defenseless and dealing a heavy blow to the city 's status . Suleiman
History of the United Kingdom
In 1806 , Napoleon issued the series of Berlin Decrees , which brought into effect the Continental System . This policy aimed to weaken the British export economy closing French - controlled territory to its trade . Napoleon hoped that isolating Britain from the Continent would end its economic dominance . It never succeeded in its objective . Britain possessed the greatest industrial capacity in Europe , and its mastery of the seas allowed it to build up considerable economic strength through trade to its possessions from its rapidly expanding new Empire . Britain 's naval supremacy meant that France could never enjoy the peace necessary to consolidate its control over Europe , and it could threaten neither the home islands nor the main British colonies .
Operation Barbarossa
By 1943 , Soviet armaments production was fully operational and increasingly outproducing the German war economy . The final major German offensive in the Eastern theater of the Second World War took place during July -- August 1943 with the launch of Operation Zitadelle , an assault on the Kursk salient . Approximately one million German troops confronted a Soviet force over 2.5 million strong . The Soviets prevailed . Following the defeat of Operation Zitadelle , the Soviets launched counter-offensives employing six million men along a 1500 - mile front towards the Dnepr River as they drove the Germans westwards . Employing increasingly ambitious and tactically sophisticated offensives , along with making operational improvements in secrecy and deception , the Red Army was eventually able to liberate much of the area which the Germans had previously occupied by the summer of 1944 . The destruction of Army Group Centre , the outcome of Operation Bagration , proved to be a decisive success ; additional Soviet offensives against the German Army Groups North and South in the fall of 1944 put the German war machine into retreat . By January 1945 , Soviet military might was aimed at the German capital of Berlin . The war ended with the total defeat and capitulation of Nazi Germany in May 1945 .
World War I
In all nations , the government 's share of GDP increased , surpassing 50 % in both Germany and France and nearly reaching that level in Britain . To pay for purchases in the United States , Britain cashed in its extensive investments in American railroads and then began borrowing heavily on Wall Street . President Wilson was on the verge of cutting off the loans in late 1916 , but allowed a great increase in U.S. government lending to the Allies . After 1919 , the U.S. demanded repayment of these loans . The repayments were , in part , funded by German reparations that , in turn , were supported by American loans to Germany . This circular system collapsed in 1931 and some loans were never repaid . Britain still owed the United States $4.4 billion of World War I debt in 1934 , the last installment was finally paid in 2015
Cold War
The first phase of the Cold War began in the first two years after the end of the Second World War in 1945 . The USSR consolidated its control over the states of the Eastern Bloc , while the United States began a strategy of global containment to challenge Soviet power , extending military and financial aid to the countries of Western Europe ( for example , supporting the anti-communist side in the Greek Civil War ) and creating the NATO alliance . The Berlin Blockade ( 1948 -- 49 ) was the first major crisis of the Cold War . With the victory of the communist side in the Chinese Civil War and the outbreak of the Korean War ( 1950 -- 53 ) , the conflict expanded . The USSR and USA competed for influence in Latin America , and the decolonizing states of Africa and Asia . Meanwhile , the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was stopped by the Soviets . The expansion and escalation sparked more crises , such as the Suez Crisis ( 1956 ) , the Berlin Crisis of 1961 , and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 . Following the Cuban Missile Crisis , a new phase began that saw the Sino - Soviet split complicate relations within the communist sphere , while US allies , particularly France , demonstrated greater independence of action . The USSR crushed the 1968 Prague Spring liberalization program in Czechoslovakia , and the Vietnam War ( 1955 -- 75 ) ended with the defeat of the US - backed Republic of Vietnam , prompting further adjustments .
High-voltage direct current
First proposed in 1914 , the grid controlled mercury - arc valve became available for power transmission during the period 1920 to 1940 . Starting in 1932 , General Electric tested mercury - vapor valves and a 12 kV DC transmission line , which also served to convert 40 Hz generation to serve 60 Hz loads , at Mechanicville , New York . In 1941 , a 60 MW , ± 200 kV , 115 km buried cable link was designed for the city of Berlin using mercury arc valves ( Elbe - Project ) , but owing to the collapse of the German government in 1945 the project was never completed . The nominal justification for the project was that , during wartime , a buried cable would be less conspicuous as a bombing target . The equipment was moved to the Soviet Union and was put into service there as the Moscow -- Kashira HVDC system . The Moscow -- Kashira system and the 1954 connection by Uno Lamm 's group at ASEA between the mainland of Sweden and the island of Gotland marked the beginning of the modern era of HVDC transmission .
Mains electricity
In 1899 , the Berliner Elektrizitäts - Werke ( BEW ) , a Berlin electrical utility , decided to greatly increase its distribution capacity by switching to 220 V nominal distribution , taking advantage of the higher voltage capability of newly developed metal filament lamps . The company was able to offset the cost of converting the customer 's equipment by the resulting saving in distribution conductors cost . This became the model for electrical distribution in Germany and the rest of Europe and the 220 V system became common . North American practice remained with voltages near 110 V for lamps .
Red River War
On 27 June 1874 , Isa - tai and Comanche chief Quanah Parker led about 250 warriors in an attack on a small outpost of buffalo hunters in the Texas Panhandle called Adobe Walls . The encampment consisted of just a few buildings and was occupied by only 28 men and one woman . Though a few whites were killed in the opening moments of the Second Battle of Adobe Walls ( the first had been in 1864 ) , the majority was able to barricade themselves indoors and hold off the attack . Using large - caliber buffalo guns , the hunters could fire on the warriors from much greater range than the Indians had expected , and the attack failed .
War of the Austrian Succession
But the campaign was not ended . An Austrian contingent from the Main joined the Saxons under Field Marshal Rutowsky ( 1702 -- 1764 ) , and a combined movement was made in the direction of Berlin by Rutowsky from Saxony and Prince Charles from Bohemia . The danger was great . Frederick hurried his forces from Silesia and marched as rapidly as possible on Dresden , in Saxony . Frederick won the actions of Katholisch - Hennersdorf on 24 November 1745 and Görlitz on 25 November . Prince Charles was thereby forced to abandon his plans to attack Silesia and hurry back to defend Saxony . A second Prussian army under the Old Dessauer advanced up the Elbe from Magdeburg to meet Rutowsky . The latter took up a strong position at Kesselsdorf between Meissen and Dresden , but the veteran Leopold attacked him directly and without hesitation on 14 December 1745 . The Saxons and their allies were completely routed after a hard struggle in the Battle of Kesselsdorf . Maria Theresa was , at last , forced to give way . In the Treaty of Dresden signed on 25 December 1745 , she recognised Frederick 's annexation of Silesia , as first recognised in the Peace of Breslau in 1741 . Frederick on the other hand recognised the election of Maria Theresa 's husband / consort , Francis I , as the Holy Roman Emperor .
The Deer Hunter
During the 29th Berlin International Film Festival in 1979 , the Soviet delegation expressed its indignation with the film which , in their opinion , insulted the Vietnamese people in numerous scenes . Other socialist states also voiced their solidarity with the `` heroic people of Vietnam '' . They protested against the screening of the film and insisted that it violated the statutes of the festival , since it in no way contributed to the `` improvement of mutual understanding between the peoples of the world '' . The ensuing domino effect led to the walk - outs of the Cubans , East Germans , Bulgarians , Poles and Czechoslovakians , and two members of the jury resigned in sympathy . Critics
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The ground support echelon of the 509th Composite Group moved by rail on April 26 , 1945 , to its port of embarkation at Seattle , Washington . On May 6 the support elements sailed on the SS Cape Victory for the Marianas , while group materiel was shipped on the SS Emile Berliner . The Cape Victory made brief port calls at Honolulu and Eniwetok but the passengers were not permitted to leave the dock area . An advance party of the air echelon , consisting of 29 officers and 61 enlisted men flew by C - 54 to North Field on Tinian , between May 15 and May 22 .
Military history of the United States
Code - named `` Operation El Dorado Canyon '' , comprised the joint United States Air Force , Navy , and Marine Corps air - strikes against Libya on April 15 , 1986 . The attack was carried out in response to the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing , and resulted in the killing of 45 officers and 15 civilians .
Rise of the Ottoman Empire
While Bayezid was occupied in Greece , Mircea of Wallachia conducted a series of raids across the Danube into Ottoman territory . In retaliation , Bayezid 's forces , which included Serb vassal troops led by Lazarevic and Kralj Marko , struck into Wallachia in 1395 but were defeated at Rovine , where Marko was killed . The victory saved Wallachia from Turkish occupation , but Mircea accepted vassalage under Bayezid to avert further Ottoman intervention . The sultan took consolation for his less than victorious efforts in annexing Dobrudzha and in supporting a pretender , Vlad I ( 1395 -- 97 ) , to the Wallachian throne . Two years of civil war ensued before Mircea regained complete control of the principality . Nicopolis
Napoleon
Following his triumph , Napoleon imposed the first elements of the Continental System through the Berlin Decree issued in November 1806 . The Continental System , which prohibited European nations from trading with Britain , was widely violated throughout his reign . In the next few months , Napoleon marched against the advancing Russian armies through Poland and was involved in the bloody stalemate at the Battle of Eylau in February 1807 . After a period of rest and consolidation on both sides , the war restarted in June with an initial struggle at Heilsberg that proved indecisive . On 14 June , however , Napoleon finally obtained an overwhelming victory over the Russians at the Battle of Friedland , wiping out the majority of the Russian army in a very bloody struggle . The scale of their defeat convinced the Russians to make peace with the French . On 19 June , Czar Alexander sent an envoy to seek an armistice with Napoleon . The latter assured the envoy that the Vistula River represented the natural borders between French and Russian influence in Europe . On that basis , the two emperors began peace negotiations at the town of Tilsit after meeting on an iconic raft on the River Niemen . The very first thing Alexander said to Napoleon was probably well - calibrated : `` I hate the English as much as you do '' .
World War I
During the 19th century , the major European powers went to great lengths to maintain a balance of power throughout Europe , resulting in the existence of a complex network of political and military alliances throughout the continent by 1900 . These began in 1815 , with the Holy Alliance between Prussia , Russia , and Austria . When Germany was united in 1871 , Prussia became part of the new German nation . Soon after , in October 1873 , German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors ( German : Dreikaiserbund ) between the monarchs of Austria - Hungary , Russia and Germany . This agreement failed because Austria - Hungary and Russia could not agree over Balkan policy , leaving Germany and Austria - Hungary in an alliance formed in 1879 , called the Dual Alliance . This was seen as a method of countering Russian influence in the Balkans as the Ottoman Empire continued to weaken . This alliance expanded in 1882 to include Italy , in what became the Triple Alliance .
World War I
German industrial and economic power had grown greatly after unification and the foundation of the Empire in 1871 following the Franco - Prussian War . From the mid-1890s on , the government of Wilhelm II used this base to devote significant economic resources for building up the Kaiserliche Marine ( Imperial German Navy ) , established by Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz , in rivalry with the British Royal Navy for world naval supremacy . As a result , each nation strove to out - build the other in capital ships . With the launch of HMS Dreadnought in 1906 , the British Empire expanded on its significant advantage over its German rival . The arms race between Britain and Germany eventually extended to the rest of Europe , with all the major powers devoting their industrial base to producing the equipment and weapons necessary for a pan-European conflict . Between 1908 and 1913 , the military spending of the European powers increased by 50 % . Sarajevo
Armistice of 11 November 1918
There it remained , a monument to the defeat of the Kaiser 's Germany , until 22 June 1940 , when swastika - bedecked German staff cars bearing Adolf Hitler , Hermann Göring , Wilhelm Keitel , Joachim von Ribbentrop and others swept into the Clairiere and , in that same carriage , demanded and received the surrender armistice from France .