vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
The Twilight Saga (film series)
Principal photography for Twilight took 44 days , after more than a week of rehearsals , and completed on May 2 , 2008 . Similar to her directorial debut thirteen , Hardwicke opted for an extensive use of hand - held cinematography to make the film `` feel real '' . Meyer visited the production set three times , and was consulted on different aspects of the story ; she also has a brief cameo in the film . To make their bodily movements more elegant , and to get used to their characters ' fighting styles , the cast playing vampires participated in rehearsals with a dance choreographer and observed the physicality of different panthera . Instead of shooting at Forks High School itself , scenes taking place at the school were filmed at Kalama High School and Madison High School . Other scenes were also filmed in St. Helens , Oregon , and Hardwicke conducted some reshooting in Pasadena , California , in August .
Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
Despite its name , the gunfight did not take place within or next to the O.K. Corral , which fronted Allen Street and had a rear entrance lined with horse stalls on Fremont Street . The shootout actually took place in a narrow lot on the side of C.S. Fly 's Photographic Studio on Fremont Street , six doors west of the O.K. Corral 's rear entrance . Some members of the two opposing parties were initially only about 6 feet ( 1.8 m ) apart . About 30 shots were fired in 30 seconds . Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton were killed . Ike Clanton subsequently filed murder charges against the Earps and Doc Holliday . The lawmen were exonerated by a local justice of the peace after a 30 - day preliminary hearing and then by a local grand jury .
Korean War Veterans Memorial
In 2002 , amateur - photographer and retired Marine John Alli was paid $1,500 for the use of one of his photographs of the memorial on a snowy day for the stamp , which sold more than $17 million worth of stamps . In 2006 , sculptor Frank Gaylord enlisted Fish & Richardson to make a claim that the Postal Service had violated his intellectual - property rights to the sculpture and therefore he should have been compensated . The Postal Service argued that Gaylord was not the sole sculptor ( saying he had received advice from federal sources , who recommended that the uniforms appear more in the wind ) and also that the sculpture was actually architecture . Gaylord won all of his arguments in the lower court except for one -- the court ruled the photo was fair use and thus he was not entitled to compensation . Gaylord challenged the fair - use ruling and won the case on appeal . The case could now either be appealed to the United States Supreme Court , or damages could be assessed by the United States Court of Federal Claims .
Phone connector (audio)
Commercial and general aviation ( GA ) civil airplane headset plugs are similar , but not identical . A standard ⁄ in monaural plug , type PJ - 055 , is used for headphones , paired with special tip - ring - sleeve , 0.206 inch diameter plug , type PJ - 068 , for the microphone . On the microphone plug the Ring is used for the microphone ' hot ' and the sleeve is common or microphone ' Lo ' . The extra ( tip ) connection in the microphone plug is often left unconnected but is also sometimes used for various functions , most commonly an optional push - to - talk switch , but on some aircraft it carries headphone audio and on others a DC supply . On many newer GA aircraft the headphone jack is a standard ⁄ in phone connector wired in the standard unbalanced stereo configuration instead of the PJ - 055 to allow stereo music sources to be reproduced .
Jefferson Airplane
The first single from the album , Spence 's `` My Best Friend '' , failed to chart , but the next two singles rocketed the group to prominence . Both `` Somebody to Love '' and `` White Rabbit '' became major U.S. hits , the former reaching No. 5 and the latter No. 8 on the Billboard singles chart . By late 1967 the Airplane were national and international stars and had become one of the hottest groups in America . Grace Slick biographer Barbara Rowes called the album `` a declaration of independence from the establishment ( - ) What Airplane originated was a romanticism for the electronic age . Unlike the highly homogenized harmonies of the Beach Boys , Airplane never strived for a synthesis of its divergent sensibilities . Through ( - ) each song , there remain strains of the individual styles of the musicians ( creating ) unusual breadth and original interplay within each structure '' .
Bird Girl
The Bonaventure Cemetery statue sat virtually unnoticed until 1993 , when Random House hired Savannah photographer Jack Leigh to shoot an image for the cover of John Berendt 's new book , Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil ( 1994 ) . At Berendt 's suggestion , Leigh searched the Bonaventure Cemetery for a suitable subject . He found the sculpture next to a grave on the Trosdal family plot , at the end of his second day of searching , and had to make the shot quickly as dusk approached . He reportedly spent ten hours in the darkroom adjusting the lighting , giving the photo a moonlit feel and accentuating the halo around the statue 's head .
The Breakfast Club
The film 's poster , featuring the five characters huddled together , was photographed by Annie Leibovitz toward the end of shooting . The shot of five actors gazing at the camera influenced the way teen films were marketed from that point on . The poster refers to the five `` types '' of the story using slightly different terms than those used in the film , and in a different sequence , stating `` They were five total strangers with nothing in common , meeting for the first time . A brain , a beauty , a jock , a rebel , and a recluse . '' The poster itself was so influential , it was parodied in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 a year later .
Phone connector (audio)
Military aircraft and civil helicopters have another type termed a U-174 / U. These are also termed ' NATO plugs ' or Nexus TP120 telephone plugs . They are similar to ⁄ in ( 6.35 mm ) plug , but with a 7.10 mm ( 0.280 in ) diameter short shaft with an extra ring , i.e. four conductors in total , allowing two for the headphones ( mono ) , and two for the microphone . There is a confusingly similar four pole ( or four conductor ) British connector with a slightly smaller diameter and a different wiring configuration used for headsets in many UK Military aircraft and often also referred to as a NATO or ' UK NATO ' connector .
Spark plug
Older spark plugs , particularly in aircraft , used an insulator made of stacked layers of mica , compressed by tension in the centre electrode .
Retina
The retina is a layered structure with several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses . The only neurons that are directly sensitive to light are the photoreceptor cells . For vision , these are of two types : the rods and cones . Rods function mainly in dim light and provide black - and - white vision while cones support the perception of colour . A third type of photoreceptor , the photosensitive ganglion cells , is important for entrainment and reflexive responses to the brightness of light .
Computer keyboard
Also known as photo - optical keyboard , light responsive keyboard , photo - electric keyboard and optical key actuation detection technology .
Cape Hatteras Light
The new light consisted of a 36 - inch ( 0.91 m ) aviation - type rotating beacon of 250,000 candlepower , visible 20 miles ( 32 km ) , and flashing white every 7.5 seconds . The steel skeleton tower , known as the Buxton Woods Tower , was retained by the Coast Guard in the event that the brick tower again became endangered by erosion requiring that the light again be moved .
Carburetor
Beginning in the late 1930s , downdraft carburetors were the most popular type for automotive use in the United States . In Europe , the sidedraft carburetors replaced downdraft as free space in the engine bay decreased and the use of the SU - type carburetor ( and similar units from other manufacturers ) increased . Some small propeller - driven aircraft engines still use the updraft carburetor design .
1963
1963 by topic Subject Archaeology Architecture Art Aviation Awards Comics Film Literature Poetry Meteorology Music Country Rail transport Radio Science Spaceflight Sports Television By country Australia Brazil Canada France Germany India Ireland Iran Israel Japan Kuwait Luxembourg Malaysia New Zealand Norway Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Africa South Korea Sweden Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States Lists of leaders Sovereign states Sovereign state leaders Territorial governors Religious leaders Law Birth and death categories Births Deaths Establishments and disestablishments categories Establishments Disestablishments Works category Works Introductions
Carbon dioxide
Phototrophs use the products of their photosynthesis as internal food sources and as raw material for the biosynthesis of more complex organic molecules , such as polysaccharides , nucleic acids and proteins . These are used for their own growth , and also as the basis of the food chains and webs that feed other organisms , including animals such as ourselves . Some important phototrophs , the coccolithophores synthesise hard calcium carbonate scales . A globally significant species of coccolithophore is Emiliania huxleyi whose calcite scales have formed the basis of many sedimentary rocks such as limestone , where what was previously atmospheric carbon can remain fixed for geological timescales .
List of military special forces units
Joint Special Forces Aviation Wing 7 Squadron ( Royal Air Force ) Special Forces Flight of 47 Squadron ( Royal Air Force ) 657 Squadron ( Army Air Corps , British Army ) 658 Squadron ( Army Air Corps , British Army )
United Kingdom
BAE Systems plays a critical role in some of the world 's biggest defence aerospace projects . The company makes large sections of the Typhoon Eurofighter at its sub-assembly plant in Samlesbury and assembles the aircraft for the Royal Air Force at its Warton Plant , near Preston . It is also a principal subcontractor on the F35 Joint Strike Fighter -- the world 's largest single defence project -- for which it designs and manufactures a range of components including the aft fuselage , vertical and horizontal tail and wing tips and fuel system . As well as this it manufactures the Hawk , the world 's most successful jet training aircraft . Airbus UK also manufactures the wings for the A400 m military transporter . Rolls - Royce , is the world 's second - largest aero - engine manufacturer . Its engines power more than 30 types of commercial aircraft and it has more than 30,000 engines in service in the civil and defence sectors . Rolls - Royce is forecast to have more than 50 % of the widebody market share by 2016 , ahead of General Electric . Agusta Westland designs and manufactures complete helicopters in the UK .
List of military special forces units
427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron ( 427 SOAS ) - ( French : 427 Escadron d'opérations spéciales d'aviation , 427 EOSA ) Canadian Special Operations Regiment ( CSOR ) - ( French : Régiment d'opérations spéciales du Canada , ROSC ) Joint Task Force 2 ( JTF2 ) - ( French : Force opérationnelle interarmées 2 , FOI 2 )
Boeing B-29 Superfortress
Royal Air Force ( 87 loaned from the USAF as the Washington B. 1 )
Fuel cell
Other examples of motorbikes and bicycles that use hydrogen fuel cells include the Taiwanese company APFCT 's scooter using the fueling system from Italy 's Acta SpA and the Suzuki Burgman scooter with an IE fuel cell that received EU Whole Vehicle Type Approval in 2011 . Suzuki Motor Corp. and IE have announced a joint venture to accelerate the commercialization of zero - emission vehicles . Airplanes
Rear-view mirror
Current systems usually use photosensors mounted in the rear - view mirror to detect light and dim the mirror by means of electrochromism . This electrochromic feature has also been incorporated into side - view mirrors allowing them to dim and reduce glare as well .
Boeing B-29 Superfortress
The B - 50D was replaced in its primary role during the early 1950s by the Boeing B - 47 Stratojet , which in turn was replaced by the Boeing B - 52 Stratofortress . The final active - duty KB - 50 and WB - 50 variants were phased out in the mid-1960s , with the final example retired in 1965 . A total of 3,970 B - 29s were built .
Business
Other types of capital sourcing include crowdsourcing on the Internet , venture capital , bank loans , and debentures .
X-Men: Days of Future Past
X-Men : Days of Future Past is the first X-Men film to be filmed in native 3D ; it was shot using Arri Alexa - M cameras with Leica Prime lenses and Fujinon Zoom lenses , along with 3ality Technica TS - 35 camera rigs and Stereo Image Processor ( SIP ) technology systems . Director of photography Newton Thomas Sigel was asked about using Arri Alexa - M cameras ; he said , `` For Bryan and myself , the Alexa has been almost the gateway to getting the look we like in film '' . Sigel added that the Arri Alexa - M camera 's small size was a big advantage to the film 's main unit , which carried three 3D rigs . The film also used the Alexa XTs for the production 's 2D work .
Waltham Watch Company
Specialized clocks and chronographs for use in aircraft control panels continued to be made in the Waltham factory by the Waltham Precision Instruments Company until the company was sold in 1994 . The company is now based in Alabama , as the Waltham Aircraft Clock Corporation .
Caenorhabditis elegans
While the worm has no eyes , it has been found to be sensitive to light due to a third type of light - sensitive animal photoreceptor protein , LITE - 1 , which is 10 to 100 times more efficient at absorbing light than the other two types of photopigments ( opsins and cryptochromes ) found in the animal kingdom .
Acronym
Pronounced as a combination of spelling out and a word CD - ROM : ( cee - dee - ( rɒm ) ) Compact Disc read - only memory IUPAC : ( i-u - ( pæk ) or i-u - pee - a-cee ) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry JPEG : ( jay - ( pɛɡ ) or jay - pee - e-gee ) Joint Photographic Experts Group SFMOMA : ( ess - ef - ( moʊmə ) or ess - ef - em - o - em - a ) San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Pronounced only as a string of letters BBC : British Broadcasting Corporation OEM : original equipment manufacturer USA : United States of America Pronounced as a string of letters , but with a shortcut AAA : ( triple - A ) American Automobile Association ; abdominal aortic aneurysm ; anti-aircraft artillery ; Asistencia , Asesoría y Administración ( three - As ) Amateur Athletic Association IEEE : ( I triple - E ) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers NAACP : ( N double - A CP or NAACP ) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NCAA : ( NC double - A or NC two - A or NCAA ) National Collegiate Athletic Association Shortcut incorporated into name 3M : ( three M ) originally Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company ( ISC ) 2 : ( ISC squared ) International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium W3C : ( W - three C ) World Wide Web Consortium C4ISTAR : ( C - four Istar ) Command , Control , Communications , Computers , Intelligence , Surveillance , Target Acquisition , and Reconnaissance Multi-layered acronyms NAC Breda : ( Dutch football club ) NOAD ADVENDO Combinatie ( `` NOAD ADVENDO Combination '' ) , formed by the 1912 merger of two clubs from Breda : NOAD ( Nooit Opgeven Altijd Doorgaan `` Never give up , always persevere '' ) ADVENDO ( Aangenaam Door Vermaak En Nuttig Door Ontspanning `` Pleasant by entertainment and useful by relaxation '' ) GAIM ( former name of Pidgin ) : GTK+ AOL Instant Messenger GIMP : GNU Image Manipulation Program VHDL : VHSIC hardware description language , where VHSIC stands for very - high - speed integrated circuit .
Vietnam War
The Claymore M18A1 , an anti-personnel mine was widely used , and is command - detonated and directional shooting 700 steel pellets in the kill zone . The aircraft ordnance used during the war included precision - guided munition , cluster bombs , a thickening / gelling agent generally mixed with petroleum or a similar fuel for use in an incendiary device , initially against buildings and later primarily as an anti-personnel weapon that sticks to skin and can burn down to the bone .
Nintendo 64 accessories
Memory cards for use on the game Mario no Photopi ( マリオ の ふ ぉ と ぴ ) , containing images , backgrounds , borders , etc. to be used while editing the user photos . There are at least five different cards :
Binary star
Binary stars are classified into four types according to the way in which they are observed : visually , by observation ; spectroscopically , by periodic changes in spectral lines ; photometrically , by changes in brightness caused by an eclipse ; or astrometrically , by measuring a deviation in a star 's position caused by an unseen companion . Any binary star can belong to several of these classes ; for example , several spectroscopic binaries are also eclipsing binaries . Visual
Adobe Photoshop
Photoshop CS2 , released in May 2005 , expanded on its predecessor with a new set of tools and features . It included an upgraded Spot Healing Brush , which is mainly used for handling common photographic problems such as blemishes , red - eye , noise , blurring and lens distortion . One of the most significant inclusions in CS2 was the implementation of Smart Objects , which allows users to scale and transform images and vector illustrations without losing image quality , as well as create linked duplicates of embedded graphics so that a single edit updates across multiple iterations .
Boeing B-29 Superfortress
B - 29 Superfortress A USAAF B - 29 Superfortress Role Strategic bomber Manufacturer Boeing First flight 21 September 1942 Introduction 8 May 1944 Retired 21 June 1960 Status Retired ( see Surviving aircraft ) Primary users United States Army Air Forces United States Air Force Royal Air Force Produced 1943 -- 1946 Number built 3,970 Unit cost US $639,188 Variants All models Boeing KB - 29 Superfortress XB - 39 Superfortress Boeing XB - 44 Superfortress Boeing B - 50 Superfortress Developed into Boeing 377 Stratocruiser Tupolev Tu - 4 Boeing
List of military special forces units
Rapid Deployment Force ( FUDRA ) Air Assault Aviation Division Urban Counter-Terrorism Special Forces Group ( AFEUR ) Special Forces Brigade
Incandescent light bulb
Type Overall luminous efficiency Overall luminous efficacy ( lm / W ) 40 W tungsten incandescent 1.9 % 12.6 60 W tungsten incandescent 2.1 % 14.5 100 W tungsten incandescent 2.6 % 17.5 glass halogen 2.3 % 16 quartz halogen 3.5 % 24 photographic and projection lamps with very high filament temperatures and short lifetimes 5.1 % 35 ideal black - body radiator at 4000 K ( or a class K star like Arcturus ) 7.0 % 47.5 ideal black - body radiator at 7000 K ( or a class F star like Procyon ) 14 % 95 ideal monochromatic 555 nm ( green ) source 100 % 683
Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor
In 1941 , Japan was one of the few countries capable of carrier aviation . The Kido Butai , the Combined Fleet 's main carrier force of six aircraft carriers ( at the time , the most powerful carrier force with the greatest concentration of air power in the history of naval warfare ) , embarked 359 airplanes , organized as the First Air Fleet . The carriers Akagi ( flag ) , Kaga , Sōryū , Hiryū , and the newest , Shōkaku and Zuikaku , had 135 Mitsubishi A6M Type 0 fighters ( Allied codename `` Zeke '' , commonly called `` Zero '' ) , 171 Nakajima B5N Type 97 torpedo bombers ( Allied codename `` Kate '' ) , and 108 Aichi D3A Type 99 dive bombers ( Allied codename `` Val '' ) aboard . Two fast battleships , two heavy cruisers , one light cruiser , nine destroyers , and three fleet submarines provided escort and screening . In addition , the Advanced Expeditionary Force included 20 fleet and five two - man Ko - hyoteki - class midget submarines , which were to gather intelligence and sink U.S. vessels attempting to flee Pearl Harbor during or soon after the attack . It also had eight oilers for underway fueling .
Xenon
During the 1930s , American engineer Harold Edgerton began exploring strobe light technology for high speed photography . This led him to the invention of the xenon flash lamp in which light is generated by passing brief electric current through a tube filled with xenon gas . In 1934 , Edgerton was able to generate flashes as brief as one microsecond with this method .
Titanic (1997 film)
Principal photography for Titanic began in July 1996 at Dartmouth , Nova Scotia , with the filming of the modern day expedition scenes aboard the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh . In September 1996 , the production moved to the newly built Fox Baja Studios in Rosarito , Mexico , where a full scale RMS Titanic had been constructed . The poop deck was built on a hinge which could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds , just as the ship 's stern rose during the sinking . For the safety of the stuntmen , many props were made of foam rubber . By November 15 , the boarding scenes were being shot . Cameron chose to build his RMS Titanic on the starboard side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north - to - south wind which blew the funnel smoke aft . This posed a problem for shooting the ship 's departure from Southampton , as it was docked on its port side . Implementation of written directions , as well as props and costumes , had to be reversed ; for example , if someone walked to their right in the script , they had to walk left during shooting . In post-production , the film was flipped to the correct direction .
Red-eye effect
In a photograph of a child 's face , if there is red - eye in one eye but not the other , it may be leukocoria , which may be caused by the cancer retinoblastoma . The child 's eyes should be examined by a general physician .
Adobe Photoshop
The File Browser was upgraded to Adobe Bridge , which functioned as a hub for productivity , imagery and creativity , providing multi-view file browsing and smooth cross-product integration across Adobe Creative Suite 2 software . Adobe Bridge also provided access to Adobe Stock Photos , a new stock photography service that offered users one - stop shopping across five elite stock image providers to deliver high - quality , royalty - free images for layout and design .
Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)
At 18 , Steve Cauthen became the youngest jockey to win the Triple Crown , riding Affirmed in 1978 . At 52 , Mike Smith became the oldest jockey to win the Triple Crown , riding Justify in 2018 .
List of oldest and youngest National Basketball Association players
) Philadelphia 76ers ( 2001 -- 2002 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2002 -- 2003 ) New York Knicks ( 2003 -- 2004 ) Houston Rockets ( 2004 -- 2009 ) 1991 ( 4th ) Kareem Abdul - Jabbar * April 16 , 1947 April 22 , 1989 7004153470000000000 ♠ 42 years , 6 days 2 teams ( show ) Milwaukee Bucks ( 1969 -- 1975 ) Los Angeles Lakers ( 1975 -- 1989 ) 1969 ( 1st ) Bob Cousy * August 9 , 1928 January 6 , 1970 7004151250000000000 ♠ 41 years , 150 days 2 teams ( show ) Boston Celtics ( 1950 -- 1963 ) Cincinnati Royals ( 1969 -- 1970 ) 1950 ( 3rd ) Herb Williams C / F February 16 , 1958 June 25 , 1999 7004151040000000000 ♠ 41 years , 129 days 4 teams ( show ) Indiana Pacers ( 1981 -- 1989 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 1989 -- 1992 ) New York Knicks ( 1992 -- 1996 ) Toronto Raptors ( 1996 ) New York Knicks ( 1996 -- 1999 ) 1981 ( 14th ) Vince Carter G / F January 26 , 1977 Present 7004150500000000000 ♠ 41 years , 75 days 8 teams ( show ) Toronto Raptors ( 1998 --