vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
History of the United States Merchant Marine
During this period , Andrew Furuseth successfully pushed for legislative reforms that eventually became the Seamen 's Act . During World War I there was a shipping boom and ISU 's membership included more than 115,000 dues - paying members . However , when the boom ended , the ISU 's membership shrunk to 50,000 . Andrew
Premier of Alberta
Premier of Alberta Logo of the Government of Alberta Incumbent Rachel Notley since May 24 , 2015 Government of Alberta Office of the Premier Style The Honourable Member of Executive Council Reports to Legislative Assembly Seat Edmonton Appointer Lieutenant Governor of Alberta Term length At Her Majesty 's pleasure Inaugural holder Alexander Cameron Rutherford Formation September 2 , 1905 Salary $127,296 plus $79,560 ( indemnity and allowances ) Website https://www.alberta.ca/premier.aspx
Shoplifting
Researches say that around the world , in countries including the United States , Canada , Australia , Brazil , Mexico , South Africa , Japan and India , people tend to shoplift the same types of items , and frequently even the same brands .
House of Lords
The upper chamber shall continue to be known as the House of Lords for legislative purposes . The reformed House of Lords should have 300 members of whom 240 are `` Elected Members '' and 60 appointed `` Independent Members '' . Up to 12 Church of England bishops may sit in the house as ex officio `` Lords Spiritual '' . Elected Members will serve a single , non-renewable term of 15 years . Elections to the reformed Lords should take place at the same time as elections to the House of Commons . Elected Members should be elected using the Single Transferable Vote system of proportional representation . Twenty Independent Members ( a third ) shall take their seats within the reformed house at the same time as elected members do so , and for the same 15 - year term . Independent Members will be appointed by the Queen after being proposed by the Prime Minister acting on advice of an Appointments Commission . There will no longer be a link between the peerage system and membership of the upper house . The current powers of the House of Lords would not change and the House of Commons shall retain its status as the primary House of Parliament .
Kuiper belt
The discovery of these large KBOs in orbits similar to Pluto 's led many to conclude that , aside from its relative size , Pluto was not particularly different from other members of the Kuiper belt . Not only are these objects similar to Pluto in size , but many also have satellites , and are of similar composition ( methane and carbon monoxide have been found both on Pluto and on the largest KBOs ) . Thus , just as Ceres was considered a planet before the discovery of its fellow asteroids , some began to suggest that Pluto might also be reclassified .
Free agent
Teams that have lost unclassified free agents , or who did not offer arbitration to classified free agents , did not receive any compensation .
Executive compensation
A 2012 report by the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives demonstrated that the top 100 Canadian CEOs were paid an average of C $8.4 million in 2010 , a 27 % increase over 2009 , this compared to C $44,366 earned by the average Canadian that year , 1.1 % more than in 2009 . The top three earners were automotive supplier Magna International Inc. founder Frank Stronach at C $61.8 million , co-CEO Donald Walker at C $16.7 million and former co-CEO Siegfried Wolf at C $16.5 million .
Audit committee
Usually , membership of the Committee is subject to the maximum number of 6 persons .
Period (periodic table)
A period in the periodic table is one of the horizontal rows , all of those elements have the same number of electron shells . Going across a period , each element has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor . Arranged this way , groups of elements in the same column have similar chemical and physical properties , reflecting the periodic law . For example , the alkali metals lie in the first column ( group 1 ) and share similar properties , such as high reactivity and the tendency to lose one electron to arrive at a noble - gas electronic configuration . As of 2016 a total of 118 elements have been discovered and confirmed . The
Law firm
In 2006 , median salaries of new graduates ranged from US $ 50,000 per year in small firms ( 2 to 10 attorneys ) to US $160,000 per year in very large firms ( more than 501 attorneys ) . The distribution of these salaries was highly bimodal , with the majority of new lawyers earning at either the high end or the low end of the scale , and a median salary of US $62,000 . In the summer of 2016 , New York law firm Cravath , Swaine & Moore raised its first - year associate salary to $180,000 . Many other high - end New York - based and large national law firms soon followed . Two years later , in the summer of 2018 , the Milbank , Tweed , Hadley & McCloy raised its first - year associated salary to $190,000 , with other major firms following shortly thereafter .
Baptism
Those who know how widely the churches have differed in doctrine and practice on baptism , Eucharist and ministry , will appreciate the importance of the large measure of agreement registered here . Virtually all the confessional traditions are included in the Commission 's membership . That theologians of such widely different denominations should be able to speak so harmoniously about baptism , Eucharist and ministry is unprecedented in the modern ecumenical movement . Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the Commission also includes among its full members theologians of the Catholic and other churches which do not belong to the World Council of Churches itself .
United Church of Christ
The United Church of Christ has a highly educated membership , with 46 % of members holding graduate or post-graduate degrees . Only Episcopalians ( 56 % ) and Anglicans ( 60 % ) ranked higher . The church also claims a disproportionate share of high - income earners .
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
The amount of compensation to be paid by TEPCO is expected to reach 7 trillion yen .
Labour in India
Relative regulations and rigidity in labor laws Practice required by law India China United States Minimum wage ( US $ / month ) 45 ( INR 2500 / month ) 182.5 1242.6 Standard work day 9 hours 8 hours 8 hours Minimum rest while at work 30 minutes per 5 - hour None None Maximum overtime limit 200 hours per year 432 hours per year None Premium pay for overtime 100 % 50 % 50 % Dismissal due to redundancy allowed ? Yes , if approved by government Yes , without approval of government Yes , without approval of government Government approval required for 1 person dismissal Yes No No Government approval required for 9 person dismissal Yes No No Government approval for redundancy dismissal granted Rarely Not applicable Not applicable Dismissal priority rules regulated Yes Yes No Severance pay for redundancy dismissal of employee with 1 - year tenure 2.1 week salary 4.3 - week salary None Severance pay for redundancy dismissal of employee with 5 - year tenure 10.7 - week salary 21.7 - week salary None
Finances of the British royal family
The Duke of Edinburgh receives a parliamentary annuity of £ 359,000 per year from the Treasury . In the past some other members of the British royal family also received funding in the form of parliamentary annuities . The Civil List Act 1952 provided for an allowance to Princess Margaret as well as allowances to the queen 's younger children among others . The Civil List Act 1972 added further members of the royal family to the annuity list . By 2002 there were eight recipients of parliamentary annuities ( all children or cousins of the Queen ) receiving a combined total of £ 1.5 million annually . Between 1993 and 2012 the Queen voluntarily refunded the cost of these annuities to the Treasury . The Sovereign Grant Act 2011 abolished all of these other than that received by the Duke of Edinburgh . Subsequently , the living costs of the members of the royal family who carry out official duties , including the Princess Royal , the Duke of York , and the Earl and Countess of Wessex , have mainly been met through the Queen 's income from the Duchy of Lancaster .
Prime Minister of Canada
Two official residences are provided to the prime minister -- 24 Sussex Drive in Ottawa and Harrington Lake , a country retreat in Gatineau Park -- as well an office in the Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council ( formerly known as Langevin Block ) , across from Parliament Hill . For transportation , the prime minister is granted an armoured car and shared use of two official aircraft -- a CC - 150 Polaris for international flights and a Challenger 601 for domestic trips . The Royal Canadian Mounted Police also furnish constant personal security for the prime minister and his or her family . All of the aforementioned is supplied by the Queen - in - Council through budgets approved by parliament , as is the prime minister 's total annual compensation of CAD $347,400 . The Prime Minister 's total compensation consists of the Member of the House of Commons Basic Sessional Indemnity of CAD $172,400 , the Prime Minister Salary of CAD $172,400 , and the Prime Minister Car Allowance of CAD $2000 .
Prague
Prague employs almost a fifth of the entire Czech workforce , and its wages are significantly above average ( ~ + 25 % ) . In December 2015 , average salaries available in Prague reached 35,853 CZK , an annual increase of 3.4 % , which was nevertheless lower than national increase of 3.9 % both in nominal and real terms . ( Inflation in Prague was 0.5 % in December , compared with 0.1 % nationally . ) Since 1990 , the city 's economic structure has shifted from industrial to service - oriented . Industry is present in sectors such as pharmaceuticals , printing , food processing , manufacture of transport equipment , computer technology and electrical engineering . In the service sector , financial and commercial services , trade , restaurants , hospitality and public administration are the most significant . Services account for around 80 percent of employment . There are 800,000 employees in Prague , including 120,000 commuters . The number of ( legally registered ) foreign residents in Prague has been increasing in spite of the country 's economic downturn . As of March 2010 , 148,035 foreign workers were reported to be living in the city making up about 18 percent of the workforce , up from 131,132 in 2008 . Approximately one - fifth of all investment in the Czech Republic takes place in the city .
Labor history of the United States
By 2014 , coal mining had largely shifted to open - pit mines in Wyoming , and there were only 60,000 active coal miners . The UMW has 35,000 members , of whom 20,000 were coal miners , chiefly in underground mines in Kentucky and West Virginia . By contrast it had 800,000 members in the late 1930s . However it remains responsible for pensions and medical benefits for 40,000 retired miners , and for 50,000 spouses and dependents .
Taxicabs of New York City
Many cabdrivers protested the new regulations sought by the Giuliani administration . In 1998 , their activity formed the basis of a new taxidrivers ' union , the New York Taxi Workers Alliance . Under the leadership of Bhairavi Desai , the union grew to fifteen thousand members ( 2011 estimate ) , representing almost one - third of all licensed cabdrivers in the city . Giuliani 's crackdowns also led to a series of successful lawsuits against the city and the TLC . In 2000 , a federal judge ruled that the NYPD had violated taxi drivers ' First Amendment rights by refusing to let the drivers engage in a peaceful protest of new rules . The TLC also lost a series of cases in state courts , for implementing rules without allowing for notice and comment . In 2000 , another federal judge ruled that the Operation Refusal sting violated cabbies ' due process rights . In 2004 , TLC inspectors were embarrassed when they handcuffed and arrested 60 Minutes reporter Mike Wallace , charging him with disorderly conduct for allegedly having acted aggressively toward a TLC Inspector in defense of his driver . In 2006 , the city was forced to settle the remaining aspects of the Operation Refusal case . Under the settlement , the TLC agreed to pay a group of 500 taxi drivers $7 million .
Tax protester statutory arguments
In Luesse v. United States , taxpayer Chell C. Luesse of St. Louis Park , Minnesota , argued that he received no `` wages '' because he was not an `` employee '' under section 3401 ( c ) . The court ruled against Mr. Luesse .
G20
Group of Twenty ( G20 ) Member countries in the G20 Members of the European Union not individually represented 2017 guest nations Formation 1999 2008 ( Heads of State / Heads of Government Summits ) Purpose Bring together systemically important industrialized and developing economies to discuss key issues in the global economy . Membership 20 member states ( show ) Argentina Australia Brazil Canada China European Union France Germany India Indonesia Italy Japan Mexico Russia Saudi Arabia South Africa South Korea Turkey United Kingdom United States Chairperson Mauricio Macri ( 2018 ) Staff None Website G20.org
The Left Hand of Darkness
Ai travels to a fastness , a dwelling of people of the Handdarrata , one of two major Gethenian religions . He pays the fastness for a foretelling , an art practiced to prove the `` perfect uselessness of knowing the answer to the wrong question '' . He asks if Gethen / Winter will be a member of the Ekumen in five years , expecting that the foretellers will give him an ambiguous response , but he is answered `` yes '' . This leads him to muse that the Gethenians have `` trained hunch to run in harness '' . After several months of travelling through Karhide , Ai decides to pursue his mission in Orgoreyn , to which he has received an invitation .
United States Congress
Each territory and Washington , D.C. elect a non-voting delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives as they have throughout Congressional history . They `` possess the same powers as other members of the House , except that they may not vote when the House is meeting as the House of Representatives . '' They are assigned offices and allowances for staff , participate in debate , and appoint constituents to the four military service academies for the Army , Navy , Air Force and Coast Guard .
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
Members of the Institute are known as Chartered Accountants . Becoming a member requires passing the prescribed examinations , three years of practical training ( known as articleship ) and meeting other requirements under the Act and Regulations . A member of ICAI can use the title CA before his / her name . A member of ICAI may either be an Associate Chartered Accountant ( A.C.A. ) or a Fellow Chartered Accountant ( F.C.A. ) based on his experience . Further based on holding Certificate of Practice , they may also be classified as practising and non-practicing Chartered Accountants . As of December 2017 , the Institute has 2 , 80,221 members out of which 1 , 89,707 are Associates and 90,514 are Fellows . The B.N. Chaturvedi Family is credited to be the only family in India to be Chartered Accountants in 5 Generations. ( 2 )
Prime Minister of India
Prime Minister monthly pay and allowances Salary in Oct 2009 Salary in Oct 2010 Salary in Jul 2012 ₹ 100,000 ( US $1,600 ) ₹ 135,000 ( US $2,100 ) ₹ 160,000 ( US $2,500 ) Sources :
Romance languages
The same demonstrative ille was borrowed to create the definite article ( see below ) , which explains the similarity in form between personal pronoun and definite article . When the two are different , it is usually because of differing degrees of phonetic reduction . Generally , the personal pronoun is unreduced ( beyond normal sound change ) , while the article has suffered various amounts of reduction , e.g. Spanish ella `` she '' < illa vs. la `` the ( fem . ) '' < - la < illa . Clitic
Egocentrism
Although egocentrism and narcissism appear similar , they are not the same . A person who is egocentric believes they are the center of attention , like a narcissist , but does not receive gratification by one 's own admiration . Both egotists and narcissists are people whose egos are greatly influenced by the approval of others , while for egocentrists this may or may not be true .
Audit committee
54 % of committee members surveyed felt the audit committee was `` very effective , '' while 38 % indicated `` somewhat effective . '' Risk management , internal control , and accounting estimates and judgments were the top priority areas for 2007 . Most audit committees have 3 - 4 members and are usually chaired by persons with experience as a CFO , external auditor , or CEO . Audit committees meet 6 - 10 times per year , either face - to - face or via teleconference , with the former lasting from 1 -- 4 hours and the latter 1 -- 2 hours . Audit committee members devoted 50 -- 150 hours to their responsibilities each year . The percentage of audit committees with oversight responsibility for : IT compliance ( 66 % ) , business continuity ( 50 % ) , and information security ( 45 % ) . 41 % were `` very satisfied '' with the internal audit function , while 52 % were `` somewhat satisfied . '' Two - thirds felt the Chief Internal Audit position was for a professional internal auditor , rather than as a `` stepping stone '' to other roles . 93 % indicated the audit committee was `` somewhat '' or `` much more '' effective since the Sarbanes - Oxley Act was implemented in 2002 . 58 % of committee members were `` somewhat satisfied '' that they understood management 's processes to identify and assess significant business risks . Only 17 % of audit committees had primary responsibility for oversight of non-financial risk ; the full board had this responsibility in 56 % of companies .
Wonder Woman
Although created to be a positive role - model and a strong female character for girls and boys , Wonder Woman has had to deal with the misogyny that was commonplace in comic book industry for decades . For example , Wonder Woman was a founding member of the Justice Society of America . This roster included the original Flash and Green Lantern . Wonder Woman was an experienced leader and easily the most powerful of them all ; yet was rendered a secretary . This would also be accompanied with her losing her powers or getting captured on most Justice League adventures . During the ' 50s and ' 60s , comic writers regularly made Wonder Woman love sick over Steve Trevor , a Major in the United States Army . Stories frequently featured Wonder Woman hoping or imagining what it would be like to marry Steve Trevor .
Triangle
SAS Postulate : Two sides in a triangle have the same length as two sides in the other triangle , and the included angles have the same measure . ASA : Two interior angles and the included side in a triangle have the same measure and length , respectively , as those in the other triangle . ( The included side for a pair of angles is the side that is common to them . ) SSS : Each side of a triangle has the same length as a corresponding side of the other triangle . AAS : Two angles and a corresponding ( non-included ) side in a triangle have the same measure and length , respectively , as those in the other triangle . ( This is sometimes referred to as AAcorrS and then includes ASA above . )
Cross product
The same result is found directly using the components of the cross product found from :
Millennials
In 2015 , millennials in New York City were reported as earning 20 % less than the generation before them , as a result of entering the workforce during the great recession . Despite higher college attendance rates than Generation X , many were stuck in low - paid jobs , with the percentage of degree - educated young adults working in low - wage industries rising from 23 % to 33 % between 2000 and 2014 . In 2016 , research from the Resolution Foundation found millennials in the UK earned £ 8,000 less in their 20s than Generation X , describing millennials as `` on course to become the first generation to earn less than the one before '' .
Whole life insurance
Whole life insurance typically requires that the owner pay premiums for the life of the policy . There are some arrangements that let the policy be `` paid up '' , which means that no further payments are ever required , in as few as 5 years , or with even a single large premium . Typically if the payor does n't make a large premium payment at the outset of the life insurance contract , then he is not allowed to begin making them later in the contract life . However , some whole life contracts offer a rider to the policy which allows for a one time , or occasional , large additional premium payment to be made as long as a minimal extra payment is made on a regular schedule . In contrast , universal life insurance generally allows more flexibility in premium payment .
List of mathematical symbols
The same string can be used multiple times , and the empty string is also a member of ∑ * . If ∑ = ( ' a ' , ' b ' , ' c ' ) then ∑ * includes ' ' , ' a ' , ' ab ' , ' aba ' , ' abac ' , etc . The full set can not be enumerated here since it is countably infinite , but each individual string must have finite length . ∝ ∝ ( \ displaystyle \ propto \ ! \ , ) \ propto \ ! \ , proportionality is proportional to ; varies as everywhere y ∝ x means that y = kx for some constant k . if y = 2x , then y ∝ x . Karp reduction is Karp reducible to ; is polynomial - time many - one reducible to computational complexity theory A ∝ B means the problem A can be polynomially reduced to the problem B . If L ∝ L and L ∈ P , then L ∈ P . ∖ ∖ ( \ displaystyle \ setminus \ ! \ , ) \ setminus set - theoretic complement minus ; without ; throw out ; not set theory A ∖ B means the set that contains all those elements of A that are not in B . ( − can also be used for set - theoretic complement as described above . ) ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) ∖ ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ) = ( 1 , 2 ) ( \ displaystyle \ ! \ , ) conditional event given probability P ( A B ) means the probability of the event A occurring given that B occurs . if X is a uniformly random day of the year P ( X is May 25 X is in May ) = 1 / 31 restriction restriction of ... to ... ; restricted to set theory f means the function f is restricted to the set A , that is , it is the function with domain A ∩ dom ( f ) that agrees with f . The function f : R → R defined by f ( x ) = x is not injective , but f is injective . such that such that ; so that everywhere means `` such that '' , see `` : '' ( described below ) .
Social class in the United States
Median income levels Households Persons , age 25 or older with earnings Household income by race or ethnicity All households Dual earner households Per household member Males Females Both sexes Asian Non-Hispanic White Hispanic ( of any race ) Black $46,326 $67,348 $23,535 $39,403 $26,507 $32,140 $57,518 $48,977 $34,241 $30,134
Indian Railways
For super-fast trains , the second digit is always 2 ( the first remains 1 or 2 ) , the third digit is the zone , the fourth is the division and only the last digit is the serial number within the division . Trains travelling in opposite directions along the same route are usually labelled with consecutive numbers . However , there is considerable variation in train numbers and some zones , such as Central Railway , has a less systematic method for numbering trains . Most express trains also have a unique name that is usually exotic and taken from landmarks , famous people , rivers and so on .
OSI model
Despite using a different concept for layering than the OSI model , these layers are often compared with the OSI layering scheme in the following way :