vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Military history of the United States
The Philippine -- American War ( 1899 -- 1902 ) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila . The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers ( mostly from the National Guard ) under General Elwell Otis . Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899 , the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands . The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies . Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease ; 20,000 rebels were killed .
Battle of Badr
Battle of Badr Part of the Muslim - Quraish Wars Scene from Siyer - i Nebi , Hamza and Ali leading the Muslim armies at Badr . The writing is Ottoman Naskh . Date 13 March 624 CE / 17 Ramadan , 2 AH Location At the wells of Badr , 70 mi ( 110 km ) southwest of Medina Result Decisive Muslim victory Start of Muslim -- Quraysh Wars Belligerents Muslims of Medina Quraish of Mecca Commanders and leaders Muhammad Abu Bakr Hamza ibn Abd al - Muttalib Ali ibn Abi Talib Umar Ibn al - Khattab Abu Jahl ⱶ Utba ibn Rabi'ah ⱶ Umayyah ibn Khalaf ⱶ Hind al - Hunnud Strength 313 infantry and cavalry : 2 horses and 70 camels 950 infantry and cavalry : 100 horses and 170 camels Casualties and losses 14 killed 70 killed , 70 prisoners
Red River War
By the winter of 1873 - 1874 , the southern Plains Indians were in crisis . The reduction of the buffalo herds combined with increasing numbers of new settlers and more aggressive military patrols had put them in an unsustainable position .
Balkan Wars
Russia was a prime mover in the establishment of the Balkan League and saw it as an essential tool in case of a future war against its rival , the Austro - Hungarian Empire . But it was unaware of the Bulgarian plans over Thrace and Constantinople , territories on which it had long - held ambitions , and on which it had just secured a secret agreement of expansion from its allies France and Britain , as a reward for participating in the upcoming Great War against the Central Powers . France , not feeling ready for a war against Germany in 1912 , took a totally negative position against the war , firmly informing its ally Russia that it would not take part in a potential conflict between Russia and Austria - Hungary if it resulted from the actions of the Balkan League . The French , however , failed to achieve British participation in a common intervention to stop the Balkan conflict . The British Empire , although officially a staunch supporter of the Ottoman Empire 's integrity , took secret diplomatic steps encouraging Greek entry into the League in order to counteract Russian influence . At the same time , it encouraged Bulgarian aspirations over Thrace , preferring a Bulgarian Thrace to a Russian one , despite the assurances the British had given to the Russians in regard to their expansion there . Austria - Hungary , struggling for a port on the Adriatic and seeking ways for expansion in the south at the expense of the Ottoman Empire , was totally opposed to any other nation 's expansion in the area . At the same time , the Habsburg empire had its own internal problems with significant Slav populations that campaigned against German - Hungarian control of the multinational state . Serbia , whose aspirations in the direction of Austrian - held Bosnia were no secret , was considered an enemy and the main tool of Russian machinations that were behind the agitation of Austria 's Slav subjects . But Austria - Hungary failed to secure German backup for a firm reaction . Initially , Emperor Wilhelm II told the Archduke Franz Ferdinand that Germany was ready to support Austria in all circumstances -- even at the risk of a world war , but the Austro - Hungarians hesitated . Finally , in the German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912 the consensus was that Germany would not be ready for war until at least mid-1914 and passed notes to that effect to the Habsburgs . Consequently , no actions could be taken when the Serbs acceded to the Austrian ultimatum of 18 October and withdrew from Albania .
American Indian Wars
In several instances , warfare in North America was a reflection of European rivalries , with Native American tribes splitting their alliances among the powers , often their trading partners . For instance , in King William 's War , Queen Anne 's War , Dummer 's War , King George 's War , and the French and Indian War , various Native American tribes fought on each side of the wars , allying with British or French colonists according to their own self interests .
Bangladesh Liberation War
A large section of the intellectual community of Bangladesh were murdered , mostly by the Al - Shams and Al - Badr forces , at the instruction of the Pakistani Army . Just two days before the surrender , on 14 December 1971 , Pakistan Army and Razakar militia ( local collaborators ) picked up at least 100 physicians , professors , writers and engineers in Dacca , and murdered them , leaving the dead bodies in a mass grave .
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
In Baltimore with the famous Fifth ( `` Dandy Fifth '' ) and Sixth Regiments of the former state militia , now reorganized since the war as the Maryland National Guard were also called up by 37th Maryland Governor John Lee Carroll , ( 1830 - 1911 ) , in Annapolis at the request of powerful B. & O. President John Work Garrett , ( 1820 - 1884 ) . The Fifth marched down North Howard Street from their armory above the old Richmond Market ( at present North Howard and West Read Streets ) in the Mount Vernon - Belvedere neighborhood and were generally unopposed heading south for the B. & O. 's general headquarters and main depot at the Camden Street Station to board the waiting westward trains to Hagerstown and Cumberland . But the unfortunate Sixth assembled at their armory at East Fayette and North Front Streets ( by the old Phoenix Shot Tower ) in the Old Town / Jonestown area and had to fight their way west through regular sympathetic Baltimore citizens , rioters and striking workers erupted bloodshed along main downtown commercial thoroughfare of Baltimore Street to get to Camden . It was a horrible scene reminiscent of the worst of the bloody `` Pratt Street Riots '' of the Civil War era disturbances of April 1861 , over 15 years earlier of the `` first bloodshed '' of the war . When the outnumbered troops of the 6th Regiment finally fired volleys on an attacking crowd on Baltimore Street , they killed 10 civilians and wounded 25 . The rioters injured several members of the militia , damaged B. & O. engines and train cars , and burned portions of the train station at South Howard and West Camden Streets . The militia remained trapped in the surrounding Camden Yards , besieged by armed rioters until July 21 -- 22 , when the 19th President Rutherford B. Hayes sent federal troops and the U.S. Marines to Baltimore to restore order .
Kargil War
The nature of the India - Pakistan conflict took a more sinister turn when the United States received intelligence that Pakistani nuclear warheads were being moved towards the border . Bill Clinton tried to dissuade Pakistan prime minister Nawaz Sharif from nuclear brinkmanship , even threatening Pakistan of dire consequences . According to a White House official , Sharif seemed to be genuinely surprised by this supposed missile movement and responded that India was probably planning the same . In a May 2000 article , Sanjay Badri - Maharaj claimed that India too had readied at least five nuclear - tipped ballistic missiles , but could not back up this claim with any official proof .
Peninsular War
During 1811 , Victor 's force was diminished because of requests for reinforcement from Soult to aid his siege of Badajoz . This brought the French numbers down to between 20,000 and 15,000 and encouraged the defenders of Cádiz to attempt a breakout , in conjunction with the arrival of an Anglo - Spanish relief army of around 12,000 infantry and 800 cavalry under the overall command of Spanish General Manuel La Peña , with the British contingent being led by Lieutenant - General Sir Thomas Graham . Marching towards Cádiz on 28 February , this force met two French divisions under Victor at Barrosa . The outcome was an Allied tactical victory , but due to lack of supplies no follow - on advance to Cádiz could be made . The Battle of Barrosa on 5 March was part of an unsuccessful manoeuvre to break the siege of Cádiz , but the inaction of La Peña made it a fruitless success and Victor soon renewed the blockade . Soult came from the south to threaten Extremadura . He captured the fortress town of Badajoz before returning to Andalusia with most of his army . This timid surrender contrasted with the resistance mounted at Girona and Zaragoza . Badadoz 's garrison numbered 8,000 effectives , had a month 's ammunition and food , and was expecting a relief column under Beresford . The city 's fall crowned a campaign in which , with 20,000 men , Soult had seized two fortress , taken 16,000 prisoners and defeated the Spanish army in Extremadura . Soult was relieved at the operation 's speedy conclusion , for three pieces of disturbing information had reached him on 8 March and his presence was required elsewhere .
War of the Austrian Succession
The War of Austrian Succession concluded with the Treaty of Aix - la - Chapelle ( 1748 ) . Maria Theresa and Austria survived nearly status quo ante bellum , sacrificing only the territory of Silesia , which Austria conceded to Prussia , and a few minor territorial losses to Spain in northern Italy . While Austria was far from crippled , the loss of Silesia was , in great measure , a humiliating defeat for Austria 's leadership of the German states within the Holy Roman Empire . By contrast , Prussian gains nearly doubled the size of its economy , territory and population , while Frederick II 's success as a commander soon earned him the epithet `` Frederick the Great '' . This marked the beginning of the German dualism between Prussia and Austria , which would ultimately fuel German nationalism and the drive to unify Germany as a single entity .
War of 1812
In British North America , the War of 1812 was seen by Loyalists as a victory , as they had claimed they had successfully defended their country from an American takeover .
Balkan Wars
Austria - Hungary took alarm at the great increase in Serbia 's territory at the expense of its national aspirations in the region , as well as Serbia 's rising status , especially to Austria - Hungary 's Slavic populations . This concern was shared by Germany , which saw Serbia as a satellite of Russia . This contributed significantly to the two Central Powers ' willingness to go to war as soon as possible .
Peloponnesian War
The Spartan strategy during the first war , known as the Archidamian War ( 431 -- 421 BC ) after Sparta 's king Archidamus II , was to invade the land surrounding Athens . While this invasion deprived Athenians of the productive land around their city , Athens itself was able to maintain access to the sea , and did not suffer much . Many of the citizens of Attica abandoned their farms and moved inside the Long walls , which connected Athens to its port of Piraeus . At the end of the first year of the war , Pericles gave his famous Funeral Oration ( 431 BC ) .
War for the Planet of the Apes
War for the Planet of the Apes is a 2017 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . A sequel to Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( 2011 ) and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes ( 2014 ) , it is the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson and Steve Zahn , and follows a confrontation between the apes , led by Caesar , and the humans for control of Earth . Like its predecessor , its premise shares several similarities to the fifth film in the original series , Battle for the Planet of the Apes , but it is not a direct remake .
Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
This type of warfare differed from regular political warfare , as the Flower war was also used for combat training and as first exposure to war for new military members . In addition , regular warfare included the use of long range weapons such as atlatl darts , stones , and sling shots to damage the enemy from afar . During Flower wars , warriors were expected to fight up close and exhibit their combat abilities while aiming to injure the enemy , rather than kill them . The main objective of Aztec Flower warfare was to capture victims alive for use later as human sacrifice , and offerings to the gods . When death occurred from battling in a Flower War , it was considered much more noble than dying in a regular military battle . Additionally , death in the Flower Wars contained religious importance as those who died were thought to live in heaven with the war god , Huitzilopochtli .
Korean War
In North Korea , the war is officially referred to as the `` Fatherland Liberation War '' ( Choguk haebang chǒnjaeng ) or alternatively the `` Chosǒn ( Korean ) War '' ( 조선 전쟁 , Chosǒn chǒnjaeng ) .
Nine Years' War
Since Leopold I 's intervention in the Franco - Dutch War Louis XIV had considered the Emperor his most dangerous enemy ; yet the French king had little reason to fear him . Leopold I was weak , and was in grave danger along his Hungarian borders where the Ottoman Turks were threatening to overrun all central Europe from the south . Louis had encouraged and assisted the Ottoman drive against Leopold I 's Habsburg lands , and had assured the Porte that he would not support the Emperor . He had also urged King Sobieski of Poland ( unsuccessfully ) not to side with Leopold I , and pressed the malcontent princes of Transylvania and Hungary to join with the Sultan 's forces and free their territory from Habsburg rule . When the Turks besieged Vienna in the spring of 1683 Louis did nothing to help the defenders .
Greco-Persian Wars
If the wars of the Delian League shifted the balance of power between Greece and Persia in favour of the Greeks , then the subsequent half - century of internecine conflict in Greece did much to restore the balance of power to Persia . The Persians entered the Peloponnesian War in 411 BC forming a mutual - defence pact with Sparta and combining their naval resources against Athens in exchange for sole Persian control of Ionia . In 404 BC when Cyrus the Younger attempted to seize the Persian throne , he recruited 13,000 Greek mercenaries from all over the Greek world , of which Sparta sent 700 -- 800 , believing they were following the terms of the defence pact and unaware of the army 's true purpose . After the failure of Cyrus , Persia tried to regain control of the Ionian city - states , which had rebelled during the conflict . The Ionians refused to capitulate and called upon Sparta for assistance , which she provided , in 396 -- 395 BC . Athens , however , sided with the Persians , which led in turn to another large - scale conflict in Greece , the Corinthian War . Towards the end of that conflict , in 387 BC , Sparta sought the aid of Persia to shore up her position . Under the so - called `` King 's Peace '' that brought the war to an end , Artaxerxes II demanded and received the return of the cities of Asia Minor from the Spartans , in return for which the Persians threatened to make war on any Greek state that did not make peace . This humiliating treaty , which undid all the Greek gains of the previous century , sacrificed the Greeks of Asia Minor so that the Spartans could maintain their hegemony over Greece . It is in the aftermath of this treaty that Greek orators began to refer to the Peace of Callias ( whether fictional or not ) , as a counterpoint to the shame of the King 's Peace , and a glorious example of the `` good old days '' when the Greeks of the Aegean had been freed from Persian rule by the Delian League .
Balkan Wars
Montenegro was the first that declared war on 8 October ( 25 September O.S. ) . Its main thrust was towards Shkodra , with secondary operations in the Novi Pazar area . The rest of the Allies , after giving a common ultimatum , declared war a week later . Bulgaria attacked towards Eastern Thrace , being stopped only at the outskirts of Constantinople at the Çatalca line and the isthmus of the Gallipoli peninsula , while secondary forces captured Western Thrace and Eastern Macedonia . Serbia attacked south towards Skopje and Monastir and then turned west to present - day Albania , reaching the Adriatic , while a second Army captured Kosovo and linked with the Montenegrin forces . Greece 's main forces attacked from Thessaly into Macedonia through the Sarantaporo strait and after capturing Thessaloniki on 12 November ( on 26 October 1912 , O.S. ) expanded its occupied area and linked up with the Serbian army to the northwest , while its main forces turned east towards Kavala , reaching the Bulgarians . Another Greek army attacked into Epirus towards Ioannina .
History of Mexico
The Cristero War of 1926 to 1929 was a counter-revolution against the Calles regime set off by his persecution of the Catholic Church in Mexico and specifically the strict enforcement of the anti-clerical provisions of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 and the expansion of further anti-clerical laws .
Peninsular War
Wellington renewed the allied advance into Spain in early 1812 , besieging and capturing the border fortress town of Ciudad Rodrigo by assault on 19 January and opening up the northern invasion corridor from Portugal into Spain . This also allowed Wellington to proceed to move to capture the southern fortress town of Badajoz , which would prove to be one of the bloodiest siege assaults of the Napoleonic Wars . The town was stormed on 6 April , after a constant artillery barrage had breached the curtain wall in three places . Tenaciously defended , the final assault and the earlier skirmishes left the allies with some 4,800 casualties . These losses appalled Wellington who said of his troops in a letter , `` I greatly hope that I shall never again be the instrument of putting them to such a test as that to which they were put last night . '' The victorious troops massacred about 4,000 Spanish civilians .
Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day
Aside from the running gag of Alexander making references to Australia , the producers added another running gag in the special : he searches everywhere for his favorite yo - yo , a purple glow - in - the - dark one . Dad has no mustache and has brown hair instead of blonde . Nick has blonde hair instead of brown and wears glasses . Anthony has brown hair instead of blonde . The cat , unnamed in the book , is named Timothy . Phillip Parker is white instead of black and wears no glasses . Albert Moyo is black instead of white . This special features 11 more bad things for Alexander : He opens a drawer too far , making it land on his right foot . He spills cereal on the floor while searching for a free prize . He falls off of the seat when the carpool stops by his school . His friends will not let him play Monkey in the Middle . He sings `` roll '' and `` Mary Lee '' while his class sings `` Row , Row , Row Your Boat '' . His friends tease him multiple times when he draws a picture of an invisible castle , sings his song loudly and incorrectly , skips the number 16 , gets no dessert , and explains why he refuses to play ball with them after school . His friends close the doors on him after school . He was forced by the dentist , Dr. Fields , to sit still for 30 seconds for messing around with the toothpaste , dental chair , and tray . His brothers pretend to be in pain when Alexander hops due to the elevator door closing on his foot . The shoe salesman turns down his alternate choice of sneakers ( green ones ) . He is forced by his father to sit out on the couch for a time - out for playing with the copying machine and knocking the books off his father 's desk . The special also includes 4 good things to show the audience that even a bad day can have something good in it : Alexander 's friends ask him if he wants to play ball with them before Alexander refuses . Anthony and Nick make up for what they did to Alexander while waiting for their mom to pick up the car . Mom finds Alexander 's favorite yo - yo in the closet while turning off the bedroom light .
American Indian Wars
In 1787 , the Northwest Ordinance officially organized the Northwest Territory for white settlement . American settlers began pouring into the region . Violence erupted as indigenous tribes resisted this encroachment , and so the administration of President George Washington sent armed expeditions into the area to suppress native resistance . However , in the Northwest Indian War , a pan-tribal confederacy led by Blue Jacket ( Shawnee ) , Little Turtle ( Miami ) , Buckongahelas ( Lenape ) , and Egushawa ( Ottawa ) crushed armies led by Generals Josiah Harmar and Arthur St. Clair . General St. Clair 's defeat was the most severe loss ever inflicted upon an American army by Native Americans . The Americans attempted to negotiate a settlement , but Blue Jacket and the Shawnee - led confederacy insisted on a boundary line that the Americans found unacceptable , and so a new expedition led by General Anthony Wayne was dispatched . Wayne 's army defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 . The Indians had hoped for British assistance ; when that was not forthcoming , the indigenous people were compelled to sign the Treaty of Greenville in 1795 , which ceded modern - day Ohio and part of Indiana to the United States .
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War overlaps with what the Spanish - speaking world calls the Guerra de la Independencia Española ( Spanish War of Independence ) , which began with the Dos de Mayo Uprising on 2 May 1808 and ended on 17 April 1814 . The French occupation destroyed the Spanish administration , which fragmented into quarrelling provincial juntas .
Star Wars
About 32 years before the start of the Galactic Civil War , the corrupt Trade Federation sets a blockade around the planet Naboo . The Sith Lord Darth Sidious had secretly planned the blockade to give his alter ego , Senator Palpatine , a pretense to overthrow and replace the Supreme Chancellor of the Republic . At the Chancellor 's request , the Jedi Knight Qui - Gon Jinn and his apprentice , a younger Obi - Wan Kenobi , are sent to Naboo to negotiate with the Federation . However , the two Jedi are forced to instead help the Queen of Naboo , Padmé Amidala , escape from the blockade and plead her planet 's crisis before the Republic Senate on Coruscant . When their starship is damaged during the escape , they land on Tatooine for repairs . Palpatine dispatches his first Sith apprentice , Darth Maul , to hunt down the Queen and her Jedi protectors . While on Tatooine , Qui - Gon discovers a nine - year - old slave named Anakin Skywalker . Qui - Gon helps liberate the boy from slavery , believing Anakin to be the `` Chosen One '' foretold by a Jedi prophecy to bring balance to the Force . However , the Jedi Council ( led by Yoda ) suspects the boy possesses too much fear and anger within him .