vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
The filmmakers ' decision to leave Shelob for the third film meant that Faramir had to become an obstacle for Frodo and Sam . In the book , Faramir ( like Aragorn ) quickly recognizes the Ring as a danger and a temptation , and does not hesitate long before letting Frodo and Sam go . In the film , Faramir first decides that the Ring shall go to Gondor and his father Denethor , as a way to prove his worth . In the film , Faramir takes Frodo , Sam and the Ring to the Battle of Osgiliath -- they do not go there in the book . Jackson winks to readers with Sam 's line , `` By all rights we should n't even be here , but we are . '' After seeing how strongly the Ring affects Frodo during the Nazgûl attack , Faramir changes his mind and lets them go . These changes reshape the book 's contrast between Faramir and Boromir , who in The Fellowship of the Ring attempted to take the Ring for himself . On the other hand , ( which can be seen only in the film 's extended version ) , it is actually their father who wants the Ring and urges Boromir to get it , while Faramir only wants to prove himself to his father . Boyens contends these plot changes were needed to keep the Ring menacing . Wenham commented on the DVD documentaries that he had not read the book prior to reading the script , so the film 's version of Faramir was the Faramir he knew . When he later read the book and noticed the major difference , he approached the writers about it , and they explained to him that if he did say `` I would n't pick that thing up even if it lay by the wayside '' , it would basically strip the One Ring of all corruptive power .
Trent Affair
Lord Lyons , an experienced diplomat , was the British minister to the US . He warned London about Seward :
Starving Time
On April 1 , 1610 , three more ships were dispatched from England bound for Jamestown , equipped with additional colonists , a doctor , food , and supplies . Heading this group was the new governor , Thomas West , Baron De La Warr , better known in modern times as `` Lord Delaware '' .
Early 1980s recession
Federal action initially caused the problem by allowing institutions to get involved in creating wealth by unhealthy fractional reserve practices , lending out much more money than they could ever afford to pay back out to customers if they came to withdraw their money . That ultimately led to S&Ls ' failure . Later , the government 's inaction worsened the industry 's problems .
The Fellowship of the Ring
Over the next seventeen years , Gandalf periodically pays short visits to Bag End . One spring night , he arrives to enlighten Frodo about Bilbo 's ring ; it is the One Ring of Sauron the Dark Lord . He proves this by flinging the Ring into the fireplace , the heat of which causes the Ring to display Elf - writing in the language of Mordor . Sauron had forged the Ring to subdue and rule Middle - earth , but in the War of the Last Alliance , he had been defeated by Gil - galad the Elven King and Elendil , High King of Arnor and Gondor , though they themselves perished in the deed . Isildur , Elendil 's son , cut the Ring from Sauron 's finger . Sauron was overthrown , but the Ring itself was not destroyed as it should have been , for Isildur kept it for himself . Isildur was slain soon afterwards in the Battle of the Gladden Fields , and the Ring was lost in Great River Anduin . Thousands of years later , it was found by the hobbit Déagol ; but Déagol was thereupon murdered by his friend Sméagol , who wanted the Ring for himself . Sméagol took the Ring and kept it for hundreds of years , and under its influence he became a wretched creature named Gollum . The Ring was found by Bilbo Baggins , as told in The Hobbit , and Bilbo left it behind for Frodo . Frodo wonders why Bilbo did not kill the creature when he had the chance , but Gandalf reminds him that Bilbo 's pity saved him in the end and did not make him like Gollum .
Battle of Towton
The battle would decide which of the two kings would rule over England , but while Edward fought beside his men , Henry remained in York with Margaret . The Lancastrians regarded their king as a mere puppet of his wife and were wary of his mental instability . In comparison , Edward was inspirational to his followers . Eighteen years old , he was 6 - foot - 3 ⁄ - inch ( 1.92 m ) tall and was an imposing sight in armour . Skilled in combat , Edward led his men from the front , motivating them to do their best and uplifting their spirits . Edward 's preference for bold offensive tactics determined the Yorkist plan of action for this engagement . The
The Miller's Tale
The action begins when John makes a day trip to a nearby town . While he is gone , Nicholas convinces Alisoun to have sex with him , and their affair begins . Shortly afterward , Alisoun goes to church , where Absolon sees her and immediately falls in love . He tries to woo Alisoun by singing love songs under her window during the full moon and seeks her attention by taking a part in a local play . Alisoun rebuffs all his efforts , however , because she is already involved with Nicholas .
Lords Proprietor
The Lords Proprietor failed to protect the settlers when enemies attacked or threatened the Colony . For example , during Queen Anne 's War ( 1702 -- 1713 ) , the colonists drove French and Spanish forces away from Charlestown . Again , between 1715 and 1718 , the colonists defended themselves against attacks by the Yamasee Indians and pirates . During these times of conflict , the colonists received little or no help from the proprietors . The elite group of settlers in Carolina , former West Indians known as the Goose Creek Men , grew increasingly frustrated with the Lords Proprietor because they meddled in politics but failed to defend the colony against Spanish and Native American attacks .
Venezuela
In the 1960s , substantial guerilla movements occurred , including the Armed Forces of National Liberation and the Revolutionary Left Movement , which had split from Democratic Action in 1960 . Most of these movements laid down their arms under Rafael Caldera 's presidency ( 1969 -- 74 ) ; Caldera had won the 1968 election for COPEI , being the first time a party other than Democratic Action took the presidency through a democratic election . The new democratic order had its antagonists . Betancourt suffered an attack planned by the Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo , and the leftists excluded from the Pact initiated an armed insurgency by organizing themselves in the Armed Forces of National Liberation , sponsored by the Communist Party and Fidel Castro . In 1962 they tried to destabilize the military corps , with failed revolts in Carúpano and Puerto Cabello . At the same time , Betancourt promoted an international doctrine in which he only recognized elected governments by popular vote . La
The Remains of the Day (film)
En route to meeting Miss Kenton in 1958 , when asked by locals about his former employer , Stevens at first denies having served or even met Lord Darlington , but later admits to having served and respected him . He meets Miss Kenton ( now Mrs Benn ) , and they reminisce . Stevens mentions in conversation that Lord Darlington 's godson , Reginald Cardinal , was killed in the war . He also says Lord Darlington died from a broken heart - after the war , Lord Darlington sued a newspaper for libel , losing the suit and his reputation in the process . Stevens reveals that in his declining years , Lord Darlington at times failed to recognise Stevens and carried on conversations with no one else in the room .
History of the United Kingdom
Historians portray Lord Salisbury as a talented leader who was an icon of traditional , aristocratic conservatism . Robert Blake considers Salisbury `` a great foreign minister , ( but ) essentially negative , indeed reactionary in home affairs '' . Professor P.T. Marsh 's estimate is more favourable than Blake 's , he says Salisbury was a leader who `` held back the popular tide for twenty years . '' Professor Paul Smith argues that , `` into the ' progressive ' strain of modern Conservatism he simply will not fit . '' Professor H.C.G. Matthew points to `` the narrow cynicism of Salisbury '' . One admirer of Salisbury , Maurice Cowling largely agrees with the critics and says Salisbury found the democracy born of the 1867 and 1884 Reform Acts as `` perhaps less objectionable than he had expected -- succeeding , through his public persona , in mitigating some part of its nastiness . ''
British Army during World War I
In September 1914 , Lord Kitchener announced that he was looking for volunteers and regular NCOs to provide officers for the expanding army . Most of the volunteers came from the middle class , with the largest group from commercial and clerical occupations ( 27 % ) , followed by teachers and students ( 18 % ) and professional men ( 15 % ) . In March 1915 , it was discovered that 12,290 men serving in the ranks had been members of a university or public school Officers ' Training Corps ( OTC ) . Most applied for and were granted commissions , while others who did not apply were also commissioned . Direct commissioning largely ceased early in 1916 , from then most new officers had served in the ranks first , even if in a unit of potential officers .
Battle of Gettysburg
Once again the disagreement centers on Lee 's orders , which provided general guidance for Ewell to act `` if practicable . '' Many historians speculate that Stonewall Jackson , if he had survived Chancellorsville , would have aggressively seized Culp 's Hill , rendering Cemetery Hill indefensible , and changing the entire complexion of the battle . A differently worded order from Lee might have made the difference with this subordinate . A.P. Hill has received some criticism for his ineffective performance . His actions caused the battle to begin and then escalate on July 1 , despite Lee 's orders not to bring on a general engagement ( although historians point out that Hill kept Lee well informed of his actions during the day ) . However , Hill 's illness minimized his personal involvement in the remainder of the battle , and Lee took the explicit step of temporarily removing troops from Hill 's corps and giving them to Longstreet for Pickett 's Charge . Winfield
Munich Agreement
Prime Minister Chamberlain felt betrayed by the Nazi seizure of Czechoslovakia , realizing his policy of appeasement towards Hitler had failed , and began to take a much harder line against the Nazis . Amongst other things he immediately began to mobilize the British Empire 's armed forces to a war footing . France did the same . Italy saw itself threatened by the British and French fleets and started its own invasion of Albania in April 1939 . Although no immediate action followed , Hitler 's invasion of Poland on 1 September officially began World War II .
Appeasement
Chamberlain 's direct manipulation of the BBC was sustained and egregious . For example , Lord Halifax told radio producers not to offend Hitler and Mussolini , and they complied by censoring anti-fascist commentary made by Labour and Popular Front MPs . The BBC also suppressed the fact that 15,000 people protested the prime minister in Trafalgar Square as he returned from Munich in 1938 ( 10,000 more than welcomed him at 10 Downing St . ) . The BBC radio producers continued to censor news of Jewish persecution even after the war broke out , as Chamberlain still held out hopes of a quick armistice and did n't want to inflame the atmosphere . As Richard Cockett noted :
Southern Colonies
George Calvert received a charter from King Charles I to found the colony of Maryland in 1632 . When George Calvert died , , Cecilius Calvert , later known as Lord Baltimore , became the proprietor . Calvert came from a wealthy Catholic family and was the first individual ( rather than a joint - stock company ) to receive a grant from the Crown . He received a grant for a large tract of land north of the Potomac river and on either side of Chesapeake Bay . Calvert planned on creating a haven for English Roman Catholics , most of whom were well - to - do nobles such as himself who could not worship in public . He planned on creating an agrarian manorial society where each noble would have a large manor and tenants would work in the fields and on other tasks . However , with extremely cheap land prices , many Protestants moved to Maryland and bought land for themselves . They soon became a majority of the population , and in 1642 religious tension began to erupt . Calvert was forced to take control and pass the Maryland Toleration Act in 1649 , making Maryland the second colony to have freedom of worship , after Rhode Island . However , the Act did little to help religious peace . In 1654 , Protestants barred Catholics from voting , ousted a pro-tolerance Governor , and repealed the Toleration Act . Maryland stayed Protestant until Calvert again took control of the colony in 1658 .
Pokhran-II
News of the tests were greeted with jubilation and large - scale approval by society in India . The Bombay Stock Exchange registered significant gains . Newspapers and television channels praised the government for its bold decision ; editorials were full of praise for the country 's leadership and advocated the development of an operational nuclear arsenal for the country 's armed forces . The Indian opposition , led by Congress Party criticised the Vajpayee administration for carrying out the series of nuclear tests . The Congress Party spokesman , Salman Khursheed , accused the BJP of trying to use the tests for political ends rather than to enhance the country 's national security .
Indian general election, 2014
Incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that he would not return to his role should the INC get a majority or plurality . Rahul Gandhi told Dainik Bhaskar that he was `` ready to take charge '' of any responsibility the party gave him and he added that : `` My focus for India is a long term vision , where all Indians are treated with equality , respect and are given equal opportunities . '' At the party meeting it was decided not to name a prime ministerial candidate amid fears it would turn the election into a presidential one . This was criticised by the BJP . Gandhi would instead lead the party 's campaign . He also called the election a turning point . Sonia Gandhi then said that the party will face upcoming challenges and the election with a `` lot of determination ; '' she added that the election would be a battle for India . `` Divisive forces are stretching social fabric to breaking point . Opposition 's way is to spread disharmony . There 's a face hidden behind the mask of compassion . ''
Pokhran-II
On 13 May 1998 , Pakistan bitterly condemned the tests , and Foreign Minister Gohar Ayub was quoted as saying that Indian leadership seemed to `` have gone berserk ( sic ) and was acting in a totally unrestrained way . '' Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was much more subdued , maintaining ambiguity about whether a test would be conducted in response : `` We are watching the situation and we will take appropriate action with regard to our security '' , he said . Sharif sought to mobilise the entire Islamic world in support of Pakistan and criticised India for nuclear proliferation .
Cornwallis in India
The relations between Cornwallis and the allies were difficult . The Mahrattan military leaders , Purseram Bhow and Hurry Punt , had to be bribed to stay with the army , and Cornwallis reported the Hyderabadi forces to be more of a hindrance than a help ; one British observer wrote that they were a `` disorderly rabble '' and `` not very creditable to the state of military discipline at Hyderabad . ''
Indian general election, 2014
The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( AIADMK ) opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in Tamil Nadu on its own . Party leader Jayalalithaa told a rally in March that she would modernise the armed forces by enhancing their capabilities so that they were on par with the superpowers . In saying so she criticised the UPA 's governance including its economic , diplomatic and defence policies , adding that modernisation of the armed forces was hindered by steady curtailing of its funding . AIADMK managed to win 37 out of a total of 39 parliamentary constituencies in the state of Tamil Nadu .
Subhas Chandra Bose
Among the INA personnel , there was widespread disbelief , shock , and trauma . Most affected were the young Tamil Indians from Malaya and Singapore , both men and women , who comprised the bulk of the civilians who had enlisted in the INA . The professional soldiers in the INA , most of whom were Punjabis , faced an uncertain future , with many fatalistically expecting reprisals from the British . In India the Indian National Congress 's official line was succinctly expressed in a letter Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi wrote to Rajkumari Amrit Kaur. Said Gandhi , `` Subhas Bose has died well . He was undoubtedly a patriot , though misguided . '' Many congressmen had not forgiven Bose for quarrelling with Gandhi and for collaborating with what they considered was Japanese fascism . The Indian soldiers in the British Indian army , some two and a half million of whom had fought during the Second World War , were conflicted about the INA . Some saw the INA as traitors and wanted them punished ; others felt more sympathetic . The British Raj , though never seriously threatened by the INA , tried 300 INA officers for treason in the INA trials , but eventually backtracked .
Indian general election, 2014
On 19 March , Bahujan Samaj Party ( BSP ) leader Mayawati declared that the party would contest the election on its own and fielded candidates in all 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh . Mayawati was confident that the BSP would seek a mandate to form a government with support of secular parties . The party secured the third highest vote share in the Country and yet did not win a single seat .
Indian Rebellion of 1857
In March 1858 , the Central India Field Force , led by Sir Hugh Rose , advanced on and laid siege to Jhansi . The Company forces captured the city , but the Rani fled in disguise .
Indian general election, 2014
Party BJP INC AIADMK AITC BJD SS TDP TRS Leader Narendra Modi Sonia Gandhi Jayalalithaa Mamata Banerjee Naveen Patnaik Uddhav Thackeray N. Chandrababu Naidu K. Chandrashekhar Rao Votes 31.3 % , 171,660,230 19.5 % , 106,935,942 3.3 % , 18,111,579 3.8 % , 20,378,052 1.7 % , 9,489,946 1.9 % , 10,050,652 2.5 % 14,099,230 1.2 % 6,736,270 Seats 282 ( 51.9 % ) 44 ( 8.1 % ) 37 ( 6.8 % ) 34 ( 6.2 % ) 20 ( 3.6 % ) 18 ( 3.3 % ) 16 ( 2.7 % ) 11 ( 2.4 % ) 282 / 543 44 / 543 37 / 543 34 / 543 20 / 543 18 / 543 16 / 543 11 / 543
Indian Rebellion of 1857
Early on 11 May , the first parties of the 3rd Cavalry reached Delhi . From beneath the windows of the King 's apartments in the palace , they called on him to acknowledge and lead them . Bahadur Shah did nothing at this point , apparently treating the sepoys as ordinary petitioners , but others in the palace were quick to join the revolt . During the day , the revolt spread . European officials and dependents , Indian Christians and shop keepers within the city were killed , some by sepoys and others by crowds of rioters . The
Indian general election, 2014
Lok Janshakti Party leader Ram Vilas Paswan announced on 30 January that the LJP , RJD and INC will jointly contest the election from Bihar 's constituencies . He later announced on 27 February that he will instead join the NDA . LJP contested polls with the BJP and Rashtriya Lok Samata Party ( RLSP ) on 40 seats with 30 seats for BJP , three seats for RLSP and seven seats for LJP . LJP and RLSP won all the seats allotted to them with BJP winning 22 seats . The election was seen by many BJP leaders as a show of strength after fallout with JD ( U ) . After the election results , Nitish Kumar was forced to resign from the post of Chief Minister after being marginalized to just 2 seats .
Indian general election, 2014
All - India Trinamool Congress leader Mamata Banerjee declared that the party would contest all 42 seats in West Bengal by itself , making this the first occurrence of the party contesting a general election in West Bengal without an alliance with either of the two largest parties , BJP and INC . Banerjee told a rally in Cooch Behar district , near the international border with Bangladesh , that she would take up the issue of the border enclaves upon ascertaining the views of the local people living in the adversely possessed areas . She further noted that she had opposed the central government 's agreement in 2011 over the Teesta treaty of water - sharing between the two countries on the grounds of receding waters affecting drinking water availability .
Subhas Chandra Bose
Bose had clearly expressed his belief that democracy was the best option for India . The pro-Bose thinkers believe that his authoritarian control of the Azad Hind was based on political pragmatism and a post-colonial doctrine rather than any anti-democratic belief . However , during the war ( and possibly as early as the 1930s ) , Bose seems to have decided that no democratic system could be adequate to overcome India 's poverty and social inequalities , and he wrote that a socialist state similar to that of Soviet Russia ( which he had also seen and admired ) would be needed for the process of national re-building . Accordingly , some suggest that Bose 's alliance with the Axis during the war was based on more than just pragmatism , and that Bose was a militant nationalist , though not a Nazi nor a Fascist , for he supported empowerment of women , secularism and other liberal ideas ; alternatively , others consider he might have been using populist methods of mobilisation common to many post-colonial leaders .
Indian general election, 2014
Narendra Modi responded to each tweet from world leaders thanking them for their support . The media reported the order in which Modi responded to the tweets , and noted that Barack Obama was the last to receive a reply from him . The New York Times observed that `` the order in which he thanked them and one notable omission , later rectified , was more interesting than the content of the tweets themselves . '' The paper further stated , `` The silence underscored what will be uncomfortable diplomatic theater in the weeks and months to come . The United States refused to issue Mr. Modi a visa in 2005 as a response to his alleged role in the 2002 Gujarat riots . As Mr. Modi 's star rose in the past year , American leaders reached out , but a thaw on Mr. Modi 's side has been almost imperceptible . '' State Department Spokesperson Jen Psaki said , `` I think our relationship between the United States and India is so strong and enduring we wo n't worry about the Twitter rank order '' . John Kerry reiterated the United States ' willingness to work with the new government as well as the importance of India - US relations on 20 May . He also added that he was looking forward to returning to India soon and `` echo President Obama 's invitation to Prime Minister Modi to visit the United States at the earliest opportunity . '' The Times of India noted that the first leader to receive a tweet from Modi was David Cameron . The United Kingdom was among the first countries to end a US - led diplomatic boycott of Modi . Mint stated that Modi 's `` more expansive responses '' were to the leaders of Japan and Russia . According to former foreign secretary Lalit Mansingh , `` It is natural that Modi feels affinity with some leaders who are strong leaders , proudly nationalistic , trying to fix the economy with firm measures . ''
Bangladesh Liberation War
General Osmani had differences of opinion with the Indian leadership regarding the role of the Mukti Bahini in the conflict . Indian leadership initially envisioned Bengali forces to be trained into a small elite guerrilla force of 8,000 members , led by the surviving East Bengal Regiment soldiers operating in small cells around Bangladesh to facilitate the eventual Indian intervention , but with the Bangladesh government in exile , General Osmani favoured a different strategy :