vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
The Lion Guard
Scar ( voiced by David Oyelowo ) -- Simba 's deceased uncle , Kion and Kiara 's great - uncle , and Mufasa 's younger brother . He is the main antagonist of the second season . Scar was once the leader of a Lion Guard before Kion and also had the Roar of the Elders , but the power went to his head and he began to believe that he should be king instead of Mufasa . He lost the Roar after he used it to destroy his fellow Lion Guard members when they refused to help him overthrow Mufasa . Later in life , he orchestrated his brother 's death with the help of his hyena henchmen . After being defeated by Simba in a vicious fight , he was mauled to death by the hyenas when he tried to pin the blame of Mufasa 's death on them . By the end of The Rise of Scar , Kion unknowingly summons Scar back as a fiery spirit in the Outlands ' volcano after he uses the Roar in anger when Janja provokes him . In `` Let Sleeping Crocs Lie , '' Scar takes in Kiburi 's float and announces his plans to unite all the animals in the Outlands to takeover the Pride Lands and defeat the new Lion Guard and Simba , who were unaware that Scar had returned . In `` Divide and Conquer '' , Kion briefly witnesses Scar 's spirit in the flames of a fire before it vanishes , but is unsure of what to make of it . Only a strange scorch mark remains , which Rafiki recognizes as a sign of terrible evil . In the following episode `` The Scorpion 's Sting '' , Scar reveals himself to the Lion Guard while they are in the Outlands collecting volcanic ash needed to cure Simba from a scorpion sting .
List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies
The 1972 Olympics Black Power salute also known as the Forgotten Salute . The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich , West Germany , when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist group Black September which had ties to Yasser Arafat 's Fatah organization . Eleven athletes , coaches and judges were murdered by the terrorists . Rhodesia was banned from participating in the Olympics as the result of a 36 to 31 vote by the IOC held four days before the opening ceremonies . African countries had threatened to boycott the Munich games had the white minority ruled regime been permitted to send a team . The ban occurred over the objections of IOC president Avery Brundage who , in his speech following the Munich massacre , controversially compared the anti-Rhodesia campaign to the terrorist attack on the Olympic village . ( see Rhodesia at the Olympics ) In the controversial gold medal basketball game , the US Olympic Basketball team battled for the gold medal for the last few seconds against the team from the Soviet Union. With three seconds left in the gold medal game , American forward Doug Collins sank two free throws to put the Americans up 50 -- 49 . Immediately following Collins ' free throws , the Soviets inbounded the ball and failed to score . Soviet coaches claimed that they had requested a timeout before Collins ' foul shots . The referees ordered the clock reset to three seconds and the game 's final seconds replayed . The horn sounded as a length - of - the - court Soviet pass was being released from the inbounding player , the pass missed its mark , and the U.S. again began celebrating . However , final three seconds was replayed for a third time . This time , the Soviets ' Alexander Belov and the USA 's Kevin Joyce and Jim Forbes went up for the pass , and Belov caught the long pass from Ivan Edeshko near the American basket . Belov then laid the ball in for the winning points as the buzzer sounded . The U.S. players voted unanimously to refuse their silver medals , and at least one team member , Kenny Davis , has directed in his will that his heirs are never to accept the medals , even posthumously . At the end of the Marathon , a German impostor entered the stadium to the cheers of the stadium ahead of the actual winner , Frank Shorter of the United States .
History of laptops
The summer of 1995 was a significant turning point in the history of notebook computing . In August of that year Microsoft introduced Windows 95 . It was the first time that Microsoft had implemented the advanced power management specification with control in the operating system . Prior to this point each brand used custom BIOS , drivers and in some cases , ASICs , to optimize the battery life of its machines . This move by Microsoft was controversial in the eyes of notebook designers because it greatly reduced their ability to innovate ; however , it did serve its role in simplifying and stabilizing certain aspects of notebook design .
List of The Land Before Time characters
Sharptooth is the main antagonist of The Land Before Time . He is an extremely strong , athletic , and powerful Tyrannosaurus , injured in pursuit of Littlefoot and Cera , but also the slayer of Littlefoot 's mother . Having fallen into a crack in the earth during an earthquake , he remains comatose until awoken by Cera , and thereafter pursues the protagonists until the end of the film , wherein they drown him in a lake .
Declaration of nullity
Some of these laws can be relaxed by a dispensation before the ceremony . For example , Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII of England received a dispensation from the impediment of affinity ( Catherine had previously been married to Henry 's brother Arthur , who died ) . Henry later based his request for annulment from Catherine ( which largely led to the reformation of the Church of England ) on the grounds that the dispensation was improperly given in that his father , Henry VII , had pressured the Archbishop of Canterbury into granting the dispensation .
Rings of Power
Sauron returned to Mordor , and in his forge in Mount Doom he made the One Ring , imbuing it with a large portion of his power . Its purpose was to dominate and command the wearers of the other Rings . However , when Sauron put on the One Ring and recited the incantation inscribed on it , the Elves became aware of him , and understood who he was and his purpose . The words he spoke are in the language that Westron speakers call the Black Speech : The
Congress of Vienna
The Four Great Powers had previously formed the core of the Sixth Coalition . On the verge of Napoleon 's defeat they had outlined their common position in the Treaty of Chaumont ( March 1814 ) , and negotiated the Treaty of Paris ( 1814 ) with the Bourbons during their restoration :
A Regular Epic Final Battle
As they end the first part of the battle , Anti-Pops reaches his ultimate power and starts erasing Lolliland , Muscle Man and HFG are caught in the erasing beam and Pops tries to save them but he is too scared of failing , so Muscle Man said his last `` my mom '' joke before dying . With their death , Pops gets angry enough to reach his ultimate power and the real cosmic battle starts , both brothers fired their beams on Lolliland , but Pops is still scared of failing and Anti-Pops who is currently stronger erases everyone , including Andy , the long - lost teenage brother of the Baby Ducks , except Mordecai and Rigby .
War Powers Resolution
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton testified to Congress in March 2011 that the administration did not need congressional authorization for its military intervention in Libya or for further decisions about it , despite congressional objections from members of both parties that the administration was violating the War Powers Resolution . During that classified briefing , she reportedly indicated that the administration would sidestep the Resolution 's provision regarding a 60 - day limit on unauthorized military actions . Months later , she stated that , with respect to the military operation in Libya , the United States was still flying a quarter of the sorties , and the New York Times reported that , while many presidents had bypassed other sections of the War Powers Resolution , there was little precedent for exceeding the 60 - day statutory limit on unauthorized military actions -- a limit which the Justice Department had said in 1980 was constitutional . The State Department publicly took the position in June 2011 that there was no `` hostility '' in Libya within the meaning of the War Powers Resolution , contrary to legal interpretations in 2011 by the Department of Defense and the Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel .
War Powers Resolution
May 20 , 2011 , marked the 60th day of US combat in Libya ( as part of the UN resolution ) but the deadline arrived without President Obama seeking specific authorization from the US Congress . President Obama notified Congress that no authorization was needed , since the US leadership had been transferred to NATO , and since US involvement was somewhat `` limited '' . In fact , as of April 28 , 2011 , the US had conducted 75 percent of all aerial refueling sorties , supplied 70 percent of the operation 's intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , and contributed 24 percent of the total aircraft used in the operation . By September , the US had conducted 26 percent of all military sorties , contributing more resources to Operation Unified Protector than any other NATO country . The State Department requested ( but never received ) express congressional authorization .
Axis powers
In 1933 , Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in Germany . His first diplomatic visitor was Gömbös . In a letter to Hitler within a day of his being appointed Chancellor , Gömbös told the Hungarian ambassador to Germany to remind Hitler `` that ten years ago , on the basis of our common principles and ideology , we were in contact via Dr. Scheubner - Richter '' . Gömbös told the Hungarian ambassador to inform Hitler of Hungary 's intentions `` for the two countries to cooperate in foreign and economic policy '' .
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln understood that the Federal government 's power to end slavery in peacetime was limited by the Constitution which before 1865 , committed the issue to individual states . Against the background of the American Civil War , however , Lincoln issued the Proclamation under his authority as `` Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy '' under Article II , section 2 of the United States Constitution . As such , he claimed to have the martial power to free persons held as slaves in those states that were in rebellion `` as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion '' . He did not have Commander - in - Chief authority over the four slave - holding states that were not in rebellion : Missouri , Kentucky , Maryland and Delaware , and so those states were not named in the Proclamation . The fifth border jurisdiction , West Virginia , where slavery remained legal but was in the process of being abolished , was , in January 1863 , still part of the legally recognized , `` reorganized '' state of Virginia , based in Alexandria , which was in the Union ( as opposed to the Confederate state of Virginia , based in Richmond ) .
Jessica Jones
During the storylines of Marvel 's 2010 `` Heroic Age '' branding campaign , Jessica returned to her costumed identity of Jewel and became a member of the New Avengers when the title relaunched in June 2010 . She and Luke began searching for a nanny , interviewing characters featured from other comics set in the Marvel Universe . Ultimately , Squirrel Girl was chosen as Danielle 's nanny . In New Avengers # 8 , Jessica took the name Power Woman to both honor her husband , Power Man ( Luke Cage ) , and to be a role model for their daughter . However following several incidents revolving around Thule Society attacking Avengers Mansion , and Norman Osborn 's threat , Jessica quit the team and went into hiding , realizing that it was too dangerous for Danielle to remain in Avengers Mansion due to the numerous potential threats .
Sith
With Darth Vader at his side , Palpatine would rule the newly styled Galactic Empire for approximately 20 years as its emperor . Initially unknown to Vader and Sidious , two children were successfully delivered by Padme before her death . One , Luke Skywalker , would be secretly tutored in the ways of the Force by Vader 's own former Jedi master , Obi - Wan Kenobi , and a powerful elder Jedi , Yoda , who also survived Palpatine 's purge . Along with his sister , Leia , Luke would become a key member of a rebellion to restore the Galactic Republic . Ironically , during a final confrontation between Luke Skywalker , Darth Vader and the Emperor aboard a mobile battle station known as the Death Star , the Sith lineage would end as Darth Bane prescribed that it proceed . The Emperor offered Skywalker an ultimatum to enter his service or die , and proceeded to use his Force - derived powers to torture and kill Skywalker when the latter refused to embrace the Dark Side of the Force . Experiencing a crisis of conscience at the imminent death of Skywalker , whom Vader now knew to be his son , Darth Vader chose to intervene and kill his master , the Emperor . Darth Vader would die of his own injuries shortly thereafter , thus apparently bringing an end to the Sith and their ancient vendetta .
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
The first SNCC project to promote the slogan `` black power '' was the Lowndes County Freedom Organization ( LCFO ) an African - American electoral organization which registered over 2,500 black voters between 1965 and 1969 . This was a historic achievement given that Lowndes was the most Klan - dominated area in Alabama and that , as a result , Lowndes had zero registered black voters . Although the Voting Rights Act had been passed , federal monitoring was sporadic and federal protection of black voters inconsistent . White supremacists regularly killed blacks , and sometimes their allies like white SNCC volunteer Jonathan Daniels , with impunity . As such , most LCFO members did their organizing openly armed . They had no confidence in appealing to the support of middle - class liberals ( even Martin Luther King and SCLC distanced themselves from the group ) or the national Democratic Party . LCFO co-founder John Hulett ( later elected Sheriff of Lowndes County ) warned that this was the state of Alabama 's last chance to peacefully grant African Americans their rights : `` We 're out to take power legally , but if we 're stopped by the government from doing it legally , we 're going to take it the way everyone else took it , including the way the Americans took it in the American Revolution . '' Certain the federal government was not going to protect him and his fellow party members , Hulett told a federal registrar , `` if one of our candidates gets touched , we 're going to take care of the murderer ourselves . '' Choosing a black panther as their mascot , LCFO was the first of numerous local organizations to be known as `` the black panther party '' . ( LCFO had no direct relationship with the later Black Panther Party for Self - Defense founded by Huey Newton , however . )
Axis powers
Italy justified its intervention against Yugoslavia in April 1941 by appealing to both Italian irredentist claims and the fact of Albanian , Croatian , and Macedonian separatists not wishing to be part of Yugoslavia . Croatian separatism soared after the assassination of Croatian political leaders in the Yugoslav parliament in 1928 including the death of Stjepan Radić , and Italy endorsed Croatian separatist Ante Pavelić and his fascist Ustaše movement that was based and trained in Italy with the Fascist regime 's support prior to intervention against Yugoslavia . History
Technological and industrial history of the United States
In 1816 , with the experiences of the war before him , no well - informed statesman could shut his eyes to the national aspects of the problem . Even President Madison invited the attention of Congress to the need of establishing `` a comprehensive system of roads and canals '' . Soon after Congress met , it took under consideration a bill drafted by Calhoun which proposed an appropriation of $1,500,000 ( $21,167,647 in 2016 consumer dollars ) for internal improvements . Because this appropriation was to be met by the moneys paid by the National Bank to the government , the bill was commonly referred to as the `` Bonus Bill '' . But on the day before he left office , President Madison vetoed the bill because it was unconstitutional . The policy of internal improvements by federal aid was thus wrecked on the constitutional scruples of the last of the Virginia dynasty . Having less regard for consistency , the House of Representatives recorded its conviction , by close votes , that Congress could appropriate money to construct roads and canals , but had not the power to construct them . As yet the only direct aid of the national government to internal improvements consisted of various appropriations , amounting to about $1,500,000 for the Cumberland Road .
Iran hostage crisis
In February 1979 , less than a year before the crisis , the Pahlavi dynasty was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution . For several decades before that , the United States had allied with and supported the Shah . During World War II , Allied powers Britain and the Soviet Union occupied Iran to force the abdication of first Pahlavi monarch Reza Shah Pahlavi , in favor of his eldest son , Crown Prince Mohammad . The Allies feared that Reza Shah intended to align his petroleum - rich country with Nazi Germany , but Reza Shah 's earlier declaration of neutrality , and his refusal to allow Iranian territory to be used to train or supply Soviet troops against Germany , were the strongest motives for the Allied invasion of Iran . Because of its importance in the Allied victory , Iran was subsequently called `` The Bridge of Victory '' by Winston Churchill .
Rwandan genocide
Former journalist and United States Ambassador to the United Nations Samantha Power is interviewed about the Rwandan genocide in Watchers of the Sky , a 2014 documentary by Edet Belzberg about genocide throughout history and its eventual inclusion in international law .
Separation of powers under the United States Constitution
One may claim that the judiciary has historically been the weakest of the three branches . In fact , its power to exercise judicial review -- its sole meaningful check on the other two branches -- is not explicitly granted by the U.S Constitution . The U.S. Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts as unconstitutional only twice prior to the Civil War : in Marbury v. Madison ( 1803 ) and Dred Scott v. Sandford ( 1857 ) . The Supreme Court has since then made more extensive use of judicial review .
War Powers Resolution
A second argument concerns a possible breach of the ' separation of powers ' doctrine , and whether the resolution changes the balance between the Legislative and Executive functions . This type of constitutional controversy is similar to one that occurred under President Andrew Johnson with the Tenure of Office Act ( 1867 ) . In that prior instance , the Congress passed a law ( over the veto of the then - President ) that required the President to secure Congressional approval for the removal of Cabinet members and other executive branch officers . The Act was not declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States until 1926 . When Andrew Johnson violated the Act , the House of Representatives impeached him ; action in the Senate to remove him failed by one vote .
Themistocles
The new system of government in Athens opened up a wealth of opportunity for men like Themistocles , who previously would have had no access to power . Moreover , the new institutions of the democracy required skills that had previously been unimportant in government . Themistocles was to prove himself a master of the new system ; `` he could infight , he could network , he could spin ... and crucially , he knew how to make himself visible . '' Themistocles moved to the Ceramicus , a down - market part of Athens . This move marked him out as a ' man of the people ' , and allowed him to interact more easily with ordinary citizens . He began building up a support base among these newly empowered citizens :
Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)
When Esther turned the family into vampires , Klaus 's blood - lust became particularly strong and he transitioned into a hybrid after his first kill , due to his werewolf gene . Esther later bound his werewolf powers to the moonstone , due to her believing that his hybrid status made him an abomination . In order to obtain his werewolf abilities , Klaus had to perform a ritual in which a werewolf , a vampire and a Petrova doppelganger had to be sacrificed . Klaus first hunted Katerina Petrova , later known as Katherine Pierce , who was from the line of supernatural Petrova doppelgangers . In order to avoid being sacrificed by Klaus and allowing him to gain his werewolf powers , Katerina drinks the blood of a vampire and then kills herself in order to transition into a vampire . She then becomes useless to Klaus because his ritual requires a human doppelganger . Katherine subsequently spends centuries on the run from Klaus , who is enraged at her actions . As a result , Klaus kills her entire family and continues to hunt her obsessively .
List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies
1968 Olympics Black Power salute : Tommie Smith and John Carlos , two black athletes who finished the 200 metre race first and third respectively , performed the `` Power to the People '' salute during the national anthem of the United States . Peter Norman , a white Australian who finished in second place , wore a human rights badge in solidarity , and was heavily criticised upon returning to Australia . Věra Čáslavská , in protest to the 1968 Soviet - led invasion of Czechoslovakia and the controversial decision by the judges on the Balance Beam and Floor , turned her head down and away from the Soviet flag whilst the anthem played during the medal ceremony . She returned home as a heroine of the Czechoslovak people , but was made an outcast by the Soviet dominated government . Students in Mexico City tried to make use of the media attention for their country to protest the authoritarian Mexican government . The government reacted with violence , culminating in the Tlatelolco Massacre ten days before the Games began and more than two thousand protesters were shot at by government forces .
I Have a Dream
In the light of King 's powerful demagogic speech yesterday he stands head and shoulders above all other Negro leaders put together when it comes to influencing great masses of Negroes . We must mark him now , if we have not done so before , as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this Nation from the standpoint of communism , the Negro and national security .
Pope
If anyone thus speaks , that the Roman Pontiff has only the office of inspection or direction , but not the full and supreme power of jurisdiction over the universal Church , not only in things which pertain to faith and morals , but also in those which pertain to the discipline and government of the Church spread over the whole world ; or , that he possesses only the more important parts , but not the whole plenitude of this supreme power ; or that this power of his is not ordinary and immediate , or over the churches altogether and individually , and over the pastors and the faithful altogether and individually : let him be anathema . We