vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Korean War
Despite the greater destructive power deploying atomic weapons would bring to the war , their effects on determining the war 's outcome would have likely been minimal . Tactically , given the dispersed nature of Chinese and North Korean forces , the relatively primitive infrastructure for staging and logistics centers , and the small number of bombs available ( most would have been conserved for use against the Soviets ) , atomic attacks would have limited effects against the ability of China to mobilize and move forces . Strategically , attacking Chinese cities to destroy civilian industry and infrastructure would cause the immediate dispersion of the leadership away from such areas and give propaganda value for the communists to galvanize the support of Chinese civilians . Since the Soviets were not expected to intervene with their few primitive atomic weapons on China or North Korea 's behalf if the U.S. used theirs first , factors such as little operational value and the lowering of the `` threshold '' for using atomic weapons against non-nuclear states in future conflicts played more of a role in not employing them than the threat of a possible nuclear exchange .
Qing dynasty
In the Jahriyya revolt sectarian violence between two suborders of the Naqshbandi Sufis , the Jahriyya Sufi Muslims and their rivals , the Khafiyya Sufi Muslims , led to a Jahriyya Sufi Muslim rebellion which the Qing dynasty in China crushed with the help of the Khafiyya Sufi Muslims . The Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813 broke out in 1813 .
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
In 416 Wallia reached agreement with Constantius ; he sent Galla Placidia back to Honorius and received provisions , six hundred thousand modii of wheat . From 416 to 418 , Wallia 's Goths campaigned in Hispania on Constantius 's behalf , exterminating the Siling Vandals in Baetica and reducing the Alans to the point where the survivors sought the protection of the king of the Asding Vandals . ( After retrenchment they formed another barbarian supergroup , but for the moment they were reduced in numbers and effectively cowed . ) In 418 , by agreement with Constantius , Wallia 's Goths accepted land to farm in Aquitania . Constantius also reinstituted an annual council of the southern Gallic provinces , to meet at Arelate . Although Constantius rebuilt the western field army to some extent -- the Notitia Dignitatum gives a list of the units of the western field army at this time -- he did so only by replacing half of its units ( vanished in the wars since 395 ) by re-graded barbarians , and by garrison troops removed from the frontier .
Qing dynasty
The Guangxu Emperor died on November 14 , 1908 , and on November 15 , 1908 , Cixi also died . Rumors held that she or Yuan Shikai ordered trusted eunuchs to poison the Guangxu Emperor , and an autopsy conducted nearly a century later confirmed lethal levels of arsenic in his corpse . Puyi , the oldest son of Zaifeng , Prince Chun , and nephew to the childless Guangxu Emperor , was appointed successor at the age of two , leaving Zaifeng with the regency . This was followed by the dismissal of General Yuan Shikai from his former positions of power . In April 1911 Zaifeng created a cabinet in which there were two vice-premiers . Nonetheless , this cabinet was also known by contemporaries as `` The Royal Cabinet '' because among the thirteen cabinet members , five were members of the imperial family or Aisin Gioro relatives . This brought a wide range of negative opinions from senior officials like Zhang Zhidong . The Wuchang Uprising of October 10 , 1911 , led to the creation of a new central government , the Republic of China , in Nanjing with Sun Yat - sen as its provisional head . Many provinces soon began `` separating '' from Qing control . Seeing a desperate situation unfold , the Qing government brought Yuan Shikai back to military power . He took control of his Beiyang Army to crush the revolution in Wuhan at the Battle of Yangxia . After taking the position of Prime Minister and creating his own cabinet , Yuan Shikai went as far as to ask for the removal of Zaifeng from the regency . This removal later proceeded with directions from Empress Dowager Longyu . Pitched
Snow White with the Red Hair
A pirate organization that is known for human trafficking . Kazuki was once a member , but left the organization after being traded to a rich nobleman . Kazuki and Shirayuki were kidnapped by them to provoke the Mountain Lions .
Analects
He was the oldest son of King Tai and the great - grandfather of King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty . 9 . Zi Han 子 罕 The Master shunned Confucius seldom spoke of advantage . 10 . Xiang Dang 鄉 黨 Among the Xiang and the Dang A `` xiang '' was a group of 12,500 families ; a `` dang '' a group of 500 families . This chapter is a collection of maxims related to ritual . 11 . Xian Jin 先進 Those of former eras The former generations . This chapter has traditionally been attributed to the disciples of Min Ziqian , also known as Min Sun , a student of Confucius . 12 . Yan Yuan 顏淵 Yan Yuan Yan Hui was a common name of Zi Yuan , a favorite disciple of Confucius . 13 . Zilu 子路 Zilu Zilu was a student of Confucius . 14 . Xian Wen 憲 問 Xian asked This chapter has traditionally been attributed to the disciples of Yuan Xian , also called both Yuan Si and Zisi , a student of Confucius . 15 . Wei Ling Gong 衛 靈 公 Duke Ling of Wey Duke Ling ruled from 534 -- 493 BC in the state of Wey . 16 . Ji Shi 季 氏 Chief of the Ji Clan Ji Sun was an official from one of the most important families in Lu . This chapter is generally believed to have been written relatively late ; possibly compiled from the extra chapters of the Qi version of the Analects . 17 . Yang Huo 陽 貨 Yang Huo Yang was an official of the Ji clan , an important family in Lu . 18 . Weizi 微 子 Weizi Weizi was the older half - brother of Zhou , the last king of the Shang dynasty , and was founder of the state of Song . The writer of this chapter was critical of Confucius . 19 . Zizhang 子 張 Zizhang Zizhang was a student of Confucius . This chapter consists entirely of sayings by Confucius ' disciples . 20 . Yao Yue 堯 曰 Yao spoke Yao was one of the traditional Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors of ancient China .
Samurai
Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well - known lords of the Sengoku period . He commanded most of Japan 's major clans during the invasion of Korea ( 1592 -- 1598 ) . In a handbook he addressed to `` all samurai , regardless of rank '' , he told his followers that a warrior 's only duty in life was to `` grasp the long and the short swords and to die '' . He also ordered his followers to put forth great effort in studying the military classics , especially those related to loyalty and filial piety . He is best known for his quote : `` If a man does not investigate into the matter of Bushido daily , it will be difficult for him to die a brave and manly death . Thus it is essential to engrave this business of the warrior into one 's mind well . ''
Nepanagar
The Shiv Temple at Asirgarh Fort is known by the people as the place where ' Ashwaththama ' ( Son of Dronacharaya , Mahabharat epic ) use to visit regularly ( even today ) to worship Lord Shiv .
Samurai
Nabeshima Naoshige ( 1538 -- 1618 AD ) was another Sengoku daimyō who fought alongside Kato Kiyomasa in Korea . He stated that it was shameful for any man to have not risked his life at least once in the line of duty , regardless of his rank . Nabeshima 's sayings would be passed down to his son and grandson and would become the basis for Tsunetomo Yamamoto 's Hagakure . He is best known for his saying `` The way of the Samurai is in desperateness . Ten men or more can not kill such a man . ''
Akira Haraguchi
Akira Haraguchi ( 原口 證 , Haraguchi Akira ) ( born 1946 , Miyagi Prefecture ) , a retired Japanese engineer , is known for memorizing and reciting digits of pi .
Chinese Buddhism
The first documented translation of Buddhist scriptures from various Indian languages into Chinese occurs in 148 CE with the arrival of the Parthian prince - turned - monk An Shigao ( Ch . 安 世 高 ) . He worked to establish Buddhist temples in Luoyang and organized the translation of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese , testifying to the beginning of a wave of Central Asian Buddhist proselytism that was to last several centuries . An Shigao translated Buddhist texts on basic doctrines , meditation , and abhidharma . An Xuan ( Ch . 安 玄 ) , a Parthian layman who worked alongside An Shigao , also translated an early Mahāyāna Buddhist text on the bodhisattva path .
Ramayana
Vali , was king of Kishkindha , husband of Tara , a son of Indra , elder brother of Sugriva and father of Angada . Vali was famous for the boon that he had received , according to which anyone who fought him in single - combat lost half his strength to Vali , thereby making Vali invulnerable to any enemy . He was killed by Lord Rama , an Avatar of Vishnu .
Pragmatism
Du Bois , W.E.B. W.E.B. Du Bois 1868 -- 1963 student of James at Harvard who applied pragmatist principles to his sociological work , especially in The Philadelphia Negro and Atlanta University Studies . Fringe figures Name Lifetime Notes Papini , Giovanni Giovanni Papini 1881 -- 1956 Italian essayist , mostly known because James occasionally mentioned him . Vailati , Giovanni Giovanni Vailati 1863 -- 1909 Italian analytic and pragmatist philosopher . Shih , Hu Hu Shih 1891 -- 1962 Chinese intellectual and reformer , student and translator of Dewey 's and advocate of pragmatism in China . Niebuhr , Reinhold Reinhold Niebuhr 1892 -- 1971 American Philosopher and Theologian , inserted Pragmatism into his theory of Christian Realism . Neoclassical pragmatists ( 1950 -- present ) ( edit ) Neoclassical pragmatists stay closer to the project of the classical pragmatists than neopragmatists do . Name Lifetime Notes Hook , Sidney Sidney Hook 1902 -- 1989 a prominent New York intellectual and philosopher , a student of Dewey at Columbia . Levi , Isaac Isaac Levi 1930 -- seeks to apply pragmatist thinking in a decision - theoretic perspective . Haack , Susan Susan Haack 1945 -- teaches at the University of Miami , sometimes called the intellectual granddaughter of C.S. Peirce , known chiefly for foundherentism . Rescher , Nicholas Nicholas Rescher 1928 -- advocates a methodological pragmatism that sees functional efficacy as evidentiating validity . Analytical , neo - and other pragmatists ( 1950 -- present ) ( edit ) ( Often labelled neopragmatism as well . ) Name Lifetime Notes Bernstein , Richard J. Richard J. Bernstein 1932 -- Author of Beyond Objectivism and Relativism : Science , Hermeneutics , and Praxis , The New Constellation : The Ethical - Political Horizons of Modernity / Postmodernity , The Pragmatic Turn Breyer , Stephen Stephen Breyer 1938 -- U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice . Burke , F. Thomas F. Thomas Burke 1950 -- Author of What Pragmatism Was ( 2013 ) , Dewey 's New Logic ( 1994 ) .
Chinese marriage
Emperors of some relatively minor dynasties are known to have multiple empresses . Created by special circumstances . For example , during wartime a man may be separated from his wife and mistakenly believe that she had died . He remarries , and later the first wife is found to be alive . After they are reunited , both wives may be recognized . Qianlong Emperor of Qing dynasty began to allow polygamy for the specific purpose of siring heirs for another branch of the family ( see Levirate marriage ) . Called `` multiple inheritance '' ( 兼 祧 ) , if a man is the only son of his father 單傳 , and his uncle has no son , then with mutual agreement he may marry an additional wife . A male child from this union becomes the uncle 's grandson and heir . The process can be repeated for additional uncles .
Ryukyuan religion
Another of the most famous Ryukyuan creatures is the shisa ( `` lion dog '' ) . Shisa statuary is used for its ability to ward evil from a place . Its appearance and function is Chinese in origin .
The Karate Kid (2010 film)
Jackie Chan as Mr. Han ( S : 韩 先生 , T : 韓 先生 , P : Hán - xiānsheng ) The maintenance man who teaches Dre kung - fu . Jaden Smith as Dre Parker ( 德 瑞 ∙ 帕克 Déruì Pàkè ) A young boy from Detroit , Michigan who is bullied by another student , and learns to stand up to him in a kung - fu tournament . Taraji P. Henson as Sherry Parker ( 雪 莉 ∙ 帕克 Xuělì Pàkè ) Dre 's mother , who is very protective of him . Wenwen Han ( 韩雯雯 ) as Meiying ( 美 莹 Měiyíng ) Dre 's crush who quickly befriends him , and eventually becomes his girlfriend . Zhenwei Wang as Cheng ( 陆伟程 Lù Wěichéng ) The primary antagonist ; the school bully and top student of Master Li . Yu Rongguang as Master Li ( 李 师傅 Lǐ - shīfu ) A kung - fu teacher who instructs his students to be merciless towards their enemies . Luke Carberry as Harry ( 哈里 Hālǐ ) A boy who also befriends Dre . Shijia Lü ( 吕世佳 ) as Liang ( 梁子 浩 Liáng Zǐhào ) A friend and classmate of Cheng 's who is the least savage of Cheng 's group . However , he is instructed by Master Li to cripple Dre during the tournament . Ji Wang ( 王 姬 ) as Mrs. Po ( 博 太太 Bó - tàitai ) The principal of Dre 's new school . Zhensu Wu ( 武振素 ) as Meiying 's father Zhiheng Wang ( 王 志恒 ) as Meiying 's mother Yi Zhao ( 赵 毅 ) as Zhuang ( 秦 壮 壮 Qín Zhuàngzhuàng ) A friend and classmate of Cheng 's . Cameron Hillman as Mark ( 马克 ) Ghye Samuel Brown as Oz ( 奥 兹 ) Bo Zhang ( 张 博 ) as Song ( 宋 ) A friend and classmate of Cheng 's .
History of India
The Hindu Shahis under Jayapala , is known for his struggles in defending his kingdom against the Ghaznavids in the modern - day eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan region . Jayapala saw a danger in the consolidation of the Ghaznavids and invaded their capital city of Ghazni both in the reign of Sebuktigin and in that of his son Mahmud , which initiated the Muslim Ghaznavid and Hindu Shahi struggles . Sebuk Tigin , however , defeated him , and he was forced to pay an indemnity . Jayapala defaulted on the payment and took to the battlefield once more . Jayapala however , lost control of the entire region between the Kabul Valley and Indus River .
Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Throughout his reign , Ernest had been known for his extravagance and womanizing ; as he grew older , Ernest enjoyed gossip and was `` now a thoroughly disreputable old roué who enjoyed the outrage provoked by his actions '' , leading Vicky to declare that her uncle `` was his own enemy '' . His behavior and manner of dress increasingly became a joke for younger generations . His great - niece Marie of Edinburgh would later describe Ernest as `` an old beau , squeezed into a frock - coat too tight for his bulk and uncomfortably pinched in at the waist ' , sporting a top hat , lemon coloured gloves , and a rosebud in his lapel '' . He put on weight and though on paper his wealth was large , he was still constantly in debt .
Ryukyu Islands
Koremune no Tadahisa , a retainer of the Fujiwara family , was appointed as a steward of Shimazu Estate in 1185 . He was then named shugo of Satsuma and Ōsumi ( and later Hyūga ) Provinces by first shōgun Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1197 . He became the founder of the Shimazu clan . Tadahisa lost power when his powerful relative Hiki Yoshikazu was overthrown in 1203 . He lost the positions of shugo and jitō and only regained the posts of shugo of Satsuma Province and jitō of the Satsuma portion of Shimazu Estate . The shugo of Ōsumi Province and jitō of the Ōsumi portion of Shimazu Estate , both of which controlled Tanegashima , were succeeded by the Hōjō clan ( especially its Nagoe branch ) . The Nagoe family sent the Higo clan to rule Ōsumi . A branch family of the Higo clan settled in Tanegashima and became the Tanegashima clan .
Forbidden City
The Palace Museum 's bronze collection dates from the early Shang dynasty . Of the almost 10,000 pieces held , about 1,600 are inscribed items from the pre-Qin period ( to 221 BC ) . A significant part of the collection is ceremonial bronzeware from the imperial court .
Snow White with the Red Hair
Ryuu ( リユウ , Ryū ) Voiced by : Yūko Sanpei ( Japanese ) ; Mikaela Krantz ( English ) A 12 - year - old royal pharmacist and trains under Garack with Shirayuki at Wistal Castle . Both Shirayuki and him establish a close friendship as pupil and mentor respectively . Due to his youth , he is often looked down upon and mistrusted by others in the palace , despite the fact that he is actually a genius . Because of his intelligence , he has a hard time connecting with people his age , but becomes good friends with Shirayuki and Obi . He later learns how to open up and trust others as he grows . Izana Wistalia ( イザナ ・ ウィスタリア , Izana Wisutaria ) Voiced by : Akira Ishida ( Japanese ) ; Eric Vale ( English ) Izana is the first prince of Clarines and Zen 's older brother . He has a somewhat cold and sarcastic personality , but is also very responsible and serious when it comes to handling the affairs of the kingdom . Known to be very intelligent , strategic , and cunning , he is later crowned king of the kingdom . He enjoys teasing Zen and initially takes issue with Shirayuki 's closeness with Zen , but later comes to trust her after watching her handle a disease outbreak in Lyrias . While in Lyrias , Izana pretends to be a guard using Mitsuhide 's name . Marquis Haruka ( ハルカ 候 ) Voiced by : Tomoyuki Shimura ( Japanese ) ; Christopher R. Sabat ( English ) An advisor in the castle , he disapproves of Shirayuki 's closeness to Zen due to her lower social status . He hires Obi to scare her from the castle , but after an unsuccessful attempt and rebuke from Zen , is grudgingly resigned to leaving Shirayuki alone . His gruff appearance , voice and personality often scare others . Garack Gazelt ( ガラク ・ ガゼルト , Garaku Gazeruto ) Voiced by : Yūko Kaida ( Japanese ) ; Rachel Robinson ( English ) Garack is the head pharmacist of Wistal Castle .
Book of Lamentations
Lamentations combines elements of the qinah , a funeral dirge for the loss of the city , and the `` communal lament '' pleading for the restoration of its people . It reflects the view , traceable to Sumerian literature of a thousand years earlier , that the destruction of the holy city was a punishment by God for the communal sin of its people .
Analects
Over a century later , the tutor of the Analects to Emperor Cheng of Han , Zhang Yu ( d . 5 BC ) , synthesized the Lu and Qi versions by taking the Lu version as authoritative and selectively adding sections from the Qi version , and produced a composite text of the Analects known as the `` Zhang Hou Lun '' . This text was recognized by Zhang Yu 's contemporaries and by subsequent Han scholars as superior to either individual version , and is the text that is recognized as the Analects today . The Qi version was lost for about 1800 years but re-found during the excavation of the tomb of Marquis of Haihun that was found 2011 . No complete copies of either the Lu version or the old text version of the Analects exist today , though fragments of the old text version were discovered at Dunhuang .
Akbar
Abu'l - Fath Jalal - ud - din Muhammad Akbar جلال الدین محمد اکبر ‬ ( 15 October 1542 -- 27 October 1605 ) , popularly known as Akbar I ( IPA : ( əkbər ) ) , also as Akbar the Great ( Akbar - i - azam اکبر اعظم ‬ ) , was the third Mughal emperor , who reigned from 1556 to 1605 . Akbar succeeded his father , Humayun , under a regent , Bairam Khan , who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India . A strong personality and a successful general , Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent north of the Godavari river . His power and influence , however , extended over the entire country because of Mughal military , political , cultural , and economic dominance . To unify the vast Mughal state , Akbar established a centralised system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy . To preserve peace and order in a religiously and culturally diverse empire , he adopted policies that won him the support of his non-Muslim subjects . Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic state identity , Akbar strove to unite far - flung lands of his realm through loyalty , expressed through an Indo - Persian culture , to himself as an emperor who had near - divine status .
Aham Sharma
Sharma is known for his roles in Mahabharat ( 2013 ) , Dosti ... Yaariyan ... Manmarziyan ( 2015 ) , and Brahmarakshas ( 2016 ) . He won the Indian Television Academy Awards for Best Actor In Supporting Role and STAR Parivaar Award for `` Saathi Nayi Soch Ka '' both for his performance in Mahabharat . He was featured in the 50 Sexiest Asian Men in the World by Eastern Eye .
Tightrope walking
Was known to perform numerous tricks such as rope walking while shooting , carrying another person , wearing stilts , dancing , and even being unbalanced by pyrotechnical explosions . Known to have defeated Blondin during a tightrope crossing of the Neva river , by braving it at a wider place . Jorge Ojeda - Guzman , Ecuadorian highwire walker , set The Guinness Book of World Records , Tightrope Endurance Record , for living 205 days on the wire , from January 1 to July 25 , 1993 in Orlando , Florida . Rudy Omankowski , Jr. , French - Czech highwire walker , holds record for skywalk distance Stephen Peer , after several previous successful crossings , fell to his death at the Niagara Falls in 1887 Philippe Petit , French highwire - walker , famous for his walk between the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City in 1974 Eskil Rønningsbakken , Norwegian balancing artist whose feats include tightrope walking between hot air balloons in flight Maria Spelterini , Italian highwire walker , first woman to cross the Niagara Falls Falko Traber , German tightwire walker , walked to the Sugarloaf Mountain in Rio de Janeiro The Flying Wallendas , famous for their seven - and eight - person pyramid wire - walks Karl Wallenda , founder of the Flying Wallendas , died after falling from a wire on March 22 , 1978 , at age 73 , while attempting to cross between the two towers of the Condado Plaza Hotel in San Juan , Puerto Rico . Nik Wallenda , great - grandson of Karl , second person to walk from the United States to Canada over the Horseshoe Falls at the Niagara Falls on June 15 , 2012 ; with his mother Delilah ( Karl 's granddaughter ) , completed his great - grandfather 's final attempt between the two towers of the Condado Plaza Hotelon June 4 , 2011 . On June 23 , 2013 he successfully walked over a gorge in the area of the Grand Canyon . On November 2 , 2014 , he crossed over the Chicago River from the west tower of Marina City to the Leo Burnett building , following it with a blindfolded trip from the west tower to the east tower of Marina City .
Gupta Empire
The court of Chandragupta was made even more illustrious by the fact that it was graced by the Navaratna ( Nine Jewels ) , a group of nine who excelled in the literary arts . Amongst these men was the immortal Kālidāsa whose works dwarfed the works of many other literary geniuses , not only in his own age but in the years to come . Kalidasa was mainly known for his subtle exploitation of the shringara ( romantic ) element in his verse . Chandragupta
George Takei
George Hosato Takei ( 武井 穂 郷 , Takei Hosato , / təˈkeɪ / ; born Hosato Takei ; April 20 , 1937 ) is an American actor , director , author , and activist . He is best known for his role as Hikaru Sulu , helmsman of the USS Enterprise in the television series Star Trek . He also portrayed the character in six Star Trek feature films and one episode of Star Trek : Voyager .