vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
End of the Han dynasty
There were still many other minor warlords , and Cao Cao particularly sought to get them to submit to him . In 197 , Zhang Xiu surrendered Wancheng to Cao Cao . However , Cao Cao later had an affair with Zhang Xiu 's widowed aunt , angering Zhang , who rebelled and launched a surprise attack on Cao Cao at Wancheng . In this battle , Cao Cao 's eldest son Cao Ang , nephew Cao Anmin , and bodyguard Dian Wei were killed , and Cao Cao himself narrowly escaped from death . On the advice of Jia Xu , Zhang Xiu eventually surrendered to Cao Cao in the winter of 199 -- 200 . In addition , in 197 , Cao Cao was able to persuade Ma Teng and Han Sui , who controlled Yong and Liang provinces ( covering most of present - day Shaanxi and Gansu ) , to submit to him .
Masters Tournament
United States + 10 T32 1964 Deane Beman United States T25 1965 Downing Gray United States + 6 T31 1966 Jimmy Grant United States + 11 T28 1967 Downing Gray ( 2 ) United States + 9 T36 1968 Vinny Giles United States T22 1969 Bruce Fleisher United States + 12 44 1970 Charles Coe ( 6 ) United States + 4 T23 1971 Steve Melnyk United States + 4 T24 1972 Ben Crenshaw United States + 7 T19 1973 Ben Crenshaw ( 2 ) United States + 7 T24 None made the cut George Burns United States + 4 T30 1976 Curtis Strange United States + 3 T15 1977 Bill Sander United States + 11 49 1978 Lindy Miller United States − 2 T16 1979 Bobby Clampett United States + 2 T23 1980 Jay Sigel United States + 1 T26 1981 Jay Sigel ( 2 ) United States + 6 T35 1982 Jodie Mudd United States + 6 T20 Jim Hallet United States + 9 T40 1984 Rick Fehr United States T25 1985 Sam Randolph United States + 2 T18 1986 Sam Randolph ( 2 ) United States + 5 T36 Bob Lewis United States + 21 54 1988 Jay Sigel ( 3 ) United States + 12 T39 1989 None made the cut 1990 Chris Patton United States + 9 T39 1991 Phil Mickelson United States + 2 T46 1992 Manny Zerman South Africa + 6 T59 1993 None made the cut 1994 John Harris United States + 17 T50 1995 Tiger Woods United States + 5 T41 None made the cut 1997 None made the cut 1998 Matt Kuchar United States T21 1999 Sergio García Spain + 7 T38 2000 David Gossett United States + 15 T54 2001 None made the cut 2002 None made the cut 2003 Ricky Barnes United States + 3 21 Casey Wittenberg United States T13 2005 Ryan Moore United States − 1 T13 2006 None made the cut 2007 None made the cut 2008 None made the cut 2009 None made the cut Matteo Manassero Italy + 4 T36 2011 Hideki Matsuyama Japan − 1 T27 2012 Patrick Cantlay United States + 7 T47 2013 Guan Tianlang China + 12 58 2014 Oliver Goss Australia + 10 49 2015 None made the cut 2016 Bryson DeChambeau United States + 5 T21 2017 Stewart Hagestad United States + 6 T36 2018 Doug Ghim United States + 8 T50
Second Sino-Japanese War
中島 今朝 吾 ) Toshizō Nishio ( 西尾 壽 造 , 西尾 寿 造 ) Yasuji Okamura ( 岡村 寧 次 ) Takashi Sakai ( 酒井 隆 ) Hajime Sugiyama ( 杉山 元 ) Prince Takeda Tsuneyoshi ( 竹田 宮 恒 徳王 ) Hisaichi Terauchi ( 寺内 壽一 , 寺内 寿一 ) Hideki Tojo ( Kyūjitai : 東條 英機 , Shinjitai : 東条 英機 ) Yoshijirō Umezu ( 梅津 美治郎 ) Tamon Yamaguchi ( 山口 多聞 ) Tomoyuki Yamashita ( 山下 奉文 ) Chinese collaborators supporting Japan ( edit ) Manchukuo Puyi Mengjiang Demchugdongrub East Hebei Autonomous Council Yin Ju - keng ( 殷汝耕 ) Provisional Government of the Republic of China Wang Kemin ( 王 克敏 ) Reformed Government of the Republic of China Liang Hongzhi ( 梁鴻志 / 梁鸿志 ) Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China Chen Gongbo ( 陳 公博 / 陈 公博 ) Wang Jingwei ( 汪精衛 / 汪精卫 ) Zhou Fohai ( 周佛海 )
Siege
More traditional sieges of fortifications took place in addition to trench sieges . The Siege of Tsingtao was one of the first major sieges of the war , but the inability for significant resupply of the German garrison made it a relatively one - sided battle . The Germans and the crew of an Austro - Hungarian protected cruiser put up a hopeless defence and , after holding out for more than a week , surrendered to the Japanese , forcing the German East Asia Squadron to steam towards South America for a new coal source .
2018 FIFA World Cup
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End of the Han dynasty
In Jiangdong , Sun Quan felt threatened by Cao Cao 's approaching army and sent Lu Su to discuss forming an alliance with Liu Bei and Liu Qi against Cao Cao . Cao Cao wrote Sun Quan a letter , intended to intimidate the latter into submitting . Cao Cao 's army was estimated to be 220,000 men strong , although Cao himself claimed that he had 800,000 troops . Sun Quan had 30,000 men at most while Liu Bei and Liu Qi 's combined forces totaled about 10,000 . In view of Cao Cao 's overwhelming forces , many of Sun Quan 's followers , including Zhang Zhao , strongly advocated surrender . However , Sun Quan refused as he agreed with Zhou Yu and Lu Su 's view that Cao Cao might not let him off even if he submitted . By late 208 , with help from Zhou Yu and Lu Su ( and Zhuge Liang , who represented Liu Bei in the diplomatic exchange ) , an alliance was formed between Sun Quan and Liu Bei against Cao Cao .
Judge Judy
In March 2013 , a lawsuit was filed against Sheindlin by Patric Jones , the estranged wife of Douthit . Jones alleged Douthit and Sheindlin had conspired to permit Sheindlin to buy Christofle fine china and Marley cutlery owned by Jones . She said Sheindlin had paid Douthit $50,815 for the items without her knowledge to deprive her of her valuables , and she sought $514,421 from Sheindlin . The suit ended after Sheindlin returned the tableware to Douthit and Jones agreed to pay her $12,500 and have the tableware handed back to her .
Three wise monkeys
According to other accounts , the monkeys caused the Sanshi and Ten - Tei not to see , say or hear the bad deeds of a person . The Sanshi ( 三 尸 ) are the Three Corpses living in everyone 's body . The Sanshi keep track of the good deeds and particularly the bad deeds of the person they inhabit . Every 60 days , on the night called Kōshin - Machi ( 庚申待 ) , if the person sleeps , the Sanshi will leave the body and go to Ten - Tei ( 天帝 ) , the Heavenly God , to report about the deeds of that person . Ten - Tei will then decide to punish bad people , making them ill , shortening their time alive , and in extreme cases putting an end to their lives . Those believers of Kōshin who have reason to fear will try to stay awake during Kōshin nights . This is the only way to prevent the Sanshi from leaving their body and reporting to Ten - Tei .
Maldives
Maldives remained a British crown protectorate until 1953 when the sultanate was suspended and the First Republic was declared under the short - lived presidency of Muhammad Amin Didi . While serving as prime minister during the 1940s , Didi nationalized the fish export industry . As president he is remembered as a reformer of the education system and a promoter of women 's rights . Muslim conservatives in Malé eventually ousted his government , and during a riot over food shortages , Didi was beaten by a mob and died on a nearby island . An
Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo
According to Mangeshkar , `` I suggested we format the song into a duet with me and my sister Asha ( Bhosle ) . Pradeepji wanted it to be a solo . I insisted that we do it as a duet . In fact , Asha had even rehearsed for the song . Then , days before we were to fly to Delhi , she came to me and said , ' Didi , I 'm not coming to Delhi . ' I tried to convince her to change her mind arguing that her name had even been printed in the newspapers as one of the singers . But she was adamant . Composer - singer Hemant Kumar had actually orchestrated the whole project . I told Hemantda about Asha 's decision to not accompany us to Delhi to perform the song . Hemantda also tried to convince Asha . Lekin who nahin manee ( But she did n't relent ) . Then it was left to me to rehearse alone for the song . ''
Qing dynasty
Ratification of the treaty in the following year led to a resumption of hostilities . In 1860 , with Anglo - French forces marching on Beijing , the emperor and his court fled the capital for the imperial hunting lodge at Rehe . Once in Beijing , the Anglo - French forces looted the Old Summer Palace and , in an act of revenge for the arrest of several Englishmen , burnt it to the ground . Prince Gong , a younger half - brother of the emperor , who had been left as his brother 's proxy in the capital , was forced to sign the Convention of Beijing . The humiliated emperor died the following year at Rehe .
Themistocles
To do this , every able - bodied Athenian male would be required to man the ships . This in turn meant that the Athenians must prepare to abandon Athens . Persuading the Athenians to take this course was undoubtedly one of the highlights of Themistocles 's career . As Holland has it :
Akbar
Organisational reforms were accompanied by innovations in cannons , fortifications , and the use of elephants . Akbar also took an interest in matchlocks and effectively employed them during various conflicts . He sought the help of Ottomans , and also increasingly of Europeans , especially Portuguese and Italians , in procuring firearms and artillery . Mughal firearms in the time of Akbar came to be far superior to anything that could be deployed by regional rulers , tributaries , or by zamindars . Such was the impact of these weapons that Akbar 's Vizier , Abul Fazl , once declared that `` with the exception of Turkey , there is perhaps no country in which its guns has more means of securing the Government than ( India ) . '' The term `` Gunpowder Empire '' has thus often been used by scholars and historians in analysing the success of the Mughals in India . Mughal power has been seen as owing to their mastery of the techniques of warfare , especially the use of firearms encouraged by Akbar .
Qing dynasty
Faced with the stripping of their powers , Wu Sangui , later joined by Geng Zhongming and by Shang Kexi 's son Shang Zhixin , felt they had no choice but to revolt . The ensuing Revolt of the Three Feudatories lasted for eight years . Wu attempted , ultimately in vain , to fire the embers of south China Ming loyalty by restoring Ming customs , ordering that the resented queues be cut , and declaring himself emperor of a new dynasty . At the peak of the rebels ' fortunes , they extended their control as far north as the Yangtze River , nearly establishing a divided China . Wu then hesitated to go further north , not being able to coordinate strategy with his allies , and Kangxi was able to unify his forces for a counterattack led by a new generation of Manchu generals . By 1681 , the Qing government had established control over a ravaged southern China which took several decades to recover . Banners
East Pakistan
Suhrawardy strengthened relations with the United States by reinforcing Pakistani membership in the Central Treaty Organization and Southeast Asia Treaty Organization . Suhrawardy also promoted relations with the People 's Republic of China . His contribution in formulating the 1956 constitution of Pakistan was substantial as he played a vital role in incorporating provisions for civil liberties and universal adult franchise in line with his adherence to parliamentary form of liberal democracy .
Chad DiMera
Chad DiMera Billy Flynn as Chad DiMera Days of Our Lives character Portrayed by Casey Deidrick ( 2009 -- 13 ) Billy Flynn ( 2014 -- ) Duration 2009 -- First appearance June 19 , 2009 Created by Dena Higley and Christopher Whitesell Introduced by Ken Corday and Gary Tomlin ( 2009 ) Ken Corday , Lisa de Cazotte and Greg Meng ( 2014 ) Classification Present ; regular Profile Other names Chad Peterson Chad Peterson - Woods Chad Michael DiMera Occupation Club owner Business executive Model Website designer Residence Salem , Illinois Casey Deidrick as Chad DiMera show Family Family DiMera Father Stefano DiMera Mother Madeline Peterson Woods Stepfather Charles Woods ( 1990 -- 2010 ) Stepmother Kate Roberts ( 2010 -- 12 ) Half - brothers André DiMera Tony DiMera ( legal ) Peter Blake ( adoptive ) Benjy Hawk EJ DiMera Stefan DiMera Half - sisters Kristen DiMera ( adoptive ) Renée DuMonde Megan Hathaway Lexie Carver Spouse Abigail Deveraux ( 2016 -- 17 , 2017 -- ) Sons Thomas DiMera Daughters Grace McCormick - Woods Grandfathers Santo DiMera Uncles Ryan Brady Nephews Theo Carver Steven Hawk Johnny DiMera Nieces Sydney DiMera
Forbidden City
The Palace of Earthly Tranquility ( 坤 寧 宮 ) is a double - eaved building , 9 bays wide and 3 bays deep . In the Ming dynasty , it was the residence of the Empress . In the Qing dynasty , large portions of the Palace were converted for Shamanist worship by the new Manchu rulers . From the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor , the Empress moved out of the Palace . However , two rooms in the Palace of Earthly Harmony were retained for use on the Emperor 's wedding night .
Aeneas
After a brief but fierce storm sent up against the group at Juno 's request , Aeneas and his fleet made landfall at Carthage after six years of wanderings . Aeneas had a year - long affair with the Carthaginian queen Dido ( also known as Elissa ) , who proposed that the Trojans settle in her land and that she and Aeneas reign jointly over their peoples . A marriage of sorts was arranged between Dido and Aeneas at the instigation of Juno , who was told that her favorite city would eventually be defeated by the Trojans ' descendants . Aeneas 's mother Venus ( the Roman adaptation of Aphrodite ) realized that her son and his company needed a temporary respite to reinforce themselves for the journey to come . However , the messenger god Mercury was sent by Jupiter and Venus to remind Aeneas of his journey and his purpose , compelling him to leave secretly . When Dido learned of this , she uttered a curse that would forever pit Carthage against Rome , an enmity that would culminate in the Punic Wars . She then committed suicide by stabbing herself with the same sword she gave Aeneas when they first met .
Doki Doki Literature Club!
Upon starting a new game , the protagonist is placed in a room with Monika seated across from them . Monika explains that she is aware that she is a character in a game , and that she is able to manipulate the game 's files to alter the other characters ' personalities or erase them altogether . She admits to making Sayori `` more and more depressed '' and `` amplifying Yuri 's obsessive personality '' to make them more unlikable so the player would focus on her instead . She confesses her love directly not to the protagonist , but to the person playing the game . Monika will sit and talk to the player indefinitely about various topics until the player manually enters the game 's directory and deletes Monika 's character file . Upon doing this , the game glitches once more and Monika panics as she is deleted from the game 's world . Monika initially lashes out at the player , but after a pause , she confesses that she still loves the player , and expresses regret for everything she has done . Monika then restores the other girls , and removes herself from the game .
History of chemistry
Boyle also tried to purify chemicals to obtain reproducible reactions . He was a vocal proponent of the mechanical philosophy proposed by René Descartes to explain and quantify the physical properties and interactions of material substances . Boyle was an atomist , but favoured the word corpuscle over atoms . He commented that the finest division of matter where the properties are retained is at the level of corpuscles . He also performed numerous investigations with an air pump , and noted that the mercury fell as air was pumped out . He also observed that pumping the air out of a container would extinguish a flame and kill small animals placed inside . Boyle helped to lay the foundations for the Chemical Revolution with his mechanical corpuscular philosophy . Boyle repeated the tree experiment of van Helmont , and was the first to use indicators which changed colors with acidity .
Qing dynasty
Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems . A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta ( 1727 ) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia . In exchange for territory and trading rights , the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia . Yongzheng then turned to that situation , where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge , and to the southwest , where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion . These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor 's control of the military and military finance . Qianlong
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Regional Army ( simplified Chinese : 省 军 ; traditional Chinese : 省 軍 ) consisted of various types of strengths from all the parts of China . Before the war , these strengths governed certain places and most of them admitted Chiang Kai - shek 's leader position . However , they did n't really follow Chiang 's command , nor received Chiang 's assistance . They generally ran independently . The notable strengths under this category included Guangxi , Shanxi , Yunnan and Ma clique .
Ashoka
Ashoka also invited Buddhists and non-Buddhists for religious conferences . He inspired the Buddhist monks to compose the sacred religious texts , and also gave all types of help to that end . Ashoka also helped to develop viharas ( intellectual hubs ) such as Nalanda and Taxila . Ashoka helped to construct Sanchi and Mahabodhi Temple . Ashoka also gave donations to non-Buddhists . As his reign continued his even - handedness was replaced with special inclination towards Buddhism . Ashoka helped and respected both Shramanas ( Buddhists monks ) and Brahmins ( Vedic monks ) . Ashoka also helped to organise the Third Buddhist council ( c. 250 BCE ) at Pataliputra ( today 's Patna ) . It was conducted by the monk Moggaliputta - Tissa who was the spiritual teacher of Ashoka .
Akbar
Akbar 's effort to evolve a meeting point among the representatives of various religions was not very successful , as each of them attempted to assert the superiority of their respective religions by denouncing other religions . Meanwhile , the debates at the Ibadat Khana grew more acrimonious and , contrary to their purpose of leading to a better understanding among religions , instead led to greater bitterness among them , resulting in the discontinuance of the debates by Akbar in 1582 . However , his interaction with various religious theologians had convinced him that despite their differences , all religions had several good practices , which he sought to combine into a new religious movement known as Din - i - Ilahi . Silver
Qing dynasty
To redress the technological and numerical disparity , Hong Taiji in 1634 created his own artillery corps , the ujen cooha ( Chinese : 重 軍 ) from among his existing Han troops who cast their own cannons in the European design with the help of defector Chinese metallurgists . One of the defining events of Hong Taiji 's reign was the official adoption of the name `` Manchu '' for the united Jurchen people in November 1635 . In 1635 , the Manchus ' Mongol allies were fully incorporated into a separate Banner hierarchy under direct Manchu command . Hong Taiji conquered the territory north of Shanhai Pass by Ming Dynasty and Ligdan Khan in Inner Mongolia . In April 1636 , Mongol nobility of Inner Mongolia , Manchu nobility and the Han mandarin held the Kurultai in Shenyang , recommended khan of Later Jin to be the emperor of Great Qing empire . One of the Yuan Dynasty 's jade seal has also dedicated to the emperor ( Qing Taizong ) by nobility . When he was said to be presented with the imperial seal of the Yuan dynasty after the defeat of the last Khagan of the Mongols , Hong Taiji renamed his state from `` Great Jin '' to `` Great Qing '' and elevated his position from Khan to Emperor , suggesting imperial ambitions beyond unifying the Manchu territories . Hong Taiji then proceeded in 1636 to invade Korea again .
Free market
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Erwin Rommel
Rommel saw the propaganda and education values in his and his nation 's deeds ( He also did value justice itself : According to Admiral Ruge 's diary , Rommel told Ruge : `` Justice is the indispensable foundation of a nation . Unfortunately the higher - ups are not clean . The slaughterings are grave sins . '' ) The key to the successful creating of an image , according to Rommel , was leading by example : `` The men tend to feel no kind of contact with a commander who , they know , is sitting somewhere in headquarters . What they want is what might be termed a physical contact with him . In moments of panic , fatigue , or disorganization , or when something out of the ordinary has to be demanded from them , the personal example of the commander works wonders , especially if he has had the wit to create some sort of legend around himself . '' He urged Axis authorities to treat the Arab with the utmost respect to prevent uprisings behind the front .
Modern history
The policy of working with the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai - shek had been recommended by the Dutch Communist Henk Sneevliet , chosen in 1923 to be the Comintern representative in China due to his revolutionary experience in the Dutch Indies , where he had a major role in founding the Partai Komunis Indonesia ( PKI ) -- and who felt that the Chinese party was too small and weak to undertake a major effort on its own ( see Henk Sneevliet 's work for the Comintern ) .
Second Sino-Japanese War
Loyal to Chiang Kai - shek , the Central Army ( simplified Chinese : 中央 军 ; traditional Chinese : 中央 軍 ) was best equipped . Most of the officers in the Central Army were trained by the Whampoa Military Academy , where Chiang Kai - shek served as the first president . Before the war , the Central Army mainly controlled east China .