vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)
Peter was in the kitchen drinking a glass of wine when he spotted whom he presumed to be Jessica quietly descending the staircase and making her way to the front door . Just before she exited , Peter turned the lights on and confronted her , until the woman explained to her former lover that she needed to see their daughter , prompting him to realize that it was actually Mary . Peter further clarifies that Mary pursued retribution after Jessica told her that Charles committed suicide in order to withhold information about his transition into a woman . After Peter refused to aid Drake on her vendetta , Mary used Peter 's heart medication pills to poison her sister and proceeded to bury her on the Hastings ' backyard . At last , Spencer comprehends her father 's concern , seeing as Drake wanted to blame Peter for Jessica 's murder . That being said , Spencer is disappointed to learn that Peter knew about Charlotte 's connection to their family prior to exposing herself as `` A '' . He then assures his daughter that despite her hard feelings , he 'll always guard her from harm . Meanwhile , Emily reveals that Driscoll played them and left the device on a greyhound to Philadelphia . Aria receives a FaceTime call from a blocked number on her iPad . Once she answers , we see `` A.D. '' in a black hoodie on the other end . The mysterious entity divulges to Aria they own a stolen file from Jessica DiLaurentis ' burnt lair at Carol Ward 's storm cellar containing information that could send Ezra to jail . Aria immediately disconnects the call , marches over to the board game , and hurls her player piece across the room . Later in the episode , Aria and Alison are following the game 's directions for Ali 's turn . Abruptly , the game phone starts making a quacking sound in Ali 's purse , which confuses the two girls momentarily until Aria spots a nearby store called the Darling Duck . There , Alison discovers that Emily 's donated eggs were fertilized and implanted inside her uterus . Suddenly , Aria gets another FaceTime request on her phone , so she urges Ali to go inside , assuring her that she 'll meet her in a minute .
Platypus
The platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus ) , sometimes referred to as the duck - billed platypus , is a semiaquatic egg - laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia , including Tasmania . Together with the four species of echidna , it is one of the five extant species of monotremes , the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young . The animal is the sole living representative of its family ( Ornithorhynchidae ) and genus ( Ornithorhynchus ) , though a number of related species appear in the fossil record . The first scientists to examine a preserved platypus body ( in 1799 ) judged it a fake , made of several animals sewn together .
Hawaiian crow
Restoration programs for the Hawaiian crow require the collaboration from private land - owners , National Biological Service ( NBS ) biologists , US Fish and Wildlife Service ( Service ) biologists , and the State of Hawaii . In 1993 and 1994 , 17 eggs were removed from wild nests and transported to a temporary hatcher in Kona District , Hawaii . Puppets mimicking adult crows were used to feed chicks to minimize the possibility of abnormal imprinting or human socialization . Three of the removed eggs were infertile , 13 chicks hatched , and 12 ʻalalā were successfully reared . One egg failed to hatch because of embryonic malpositioning , and another chick died from yolk - sac infection .
Oyster
While some oysters have two sexes ( European oyster and Olympia oyster ) , their reproductive organs contain both eggs and sperm . Because of this , it is technically possible for an oyster to fertilize its own eggs . The gonads surround the digestive organs , and are made up of sex cells , branching tubules , and connective tissue .
Caenorhabditis elegans
The sperm of C. elegans is amoeboid , lacking flagella and acrosomes . When self - inseminated , the wild - type worm will lay about 300 eggs . When inseminated by a male , the number of progeny can exceed 1,000 . At 20 ° C , the laboratory strain of C. elegans ( N2 ) has an average lifespan around 2 -- 3 weeks and a generation time of 3 to 4 days .
Spider
Orange spider egg sac hanging from ceiling Gasteracantha mammosa spiderlings next to their eggs capsule Wolf spider carrying its young on its abdomen
Loggerhead sea turtle
Hatchlings range in color from light brown to almost black , lacking the adult 's distinct yellows and reds . Upon hatching , they measure about 4.6 cm ( 1.8 in ) and weigh about 20 g ( 0.7 oz ) . The eggs are typically laid on the beach in an area above the high - tide line . The eggs are laid near the water so the hatchlings can return to the sea . The loggerhead 's sex is dictated by the temperature of the underground nest . Incubation temperatures generally range from 26 -- 32 ° C ( 79 -- 90 ° F ) . Sea turtle eggs kept at a constant incubating temperature of 32 ° C become females . Eggs incubating at 28 ° C become males . An incubation temperature of 30 ° C results in an equal ratio of male to female hatchlings . Hatchlings from eggs in the middle of the clutch tend to be the largest , grow the fastest , and be the most active during the first few days of sea life .
Hurricane Katrina
Many corporations also contributed to relief efforts . On September 13 , 2005 , it was reported that corporate donations to the relief effort were $409 million , and were expected to exceed $1 billion .
Oyster
Once the female is fertilized , she discharges millions of eggs into the water . The larvae develop in about six hours and exist suspended in the water column as veliger larvae for two to three weeks before settling on a bed and maturing to sexual adulthood within a year .
Romance languages
Such nouns arose because of the identity of the Latin neuter singular - um with the masculine singular , and the identity of the Latin neuter plural - a with the feminine singular . A similar class exists in Italian , although it is no longer productive ( e.g. il dito `` the finger '' vs. le dita `` the fingers '' , l'uovo `` the egg '' vs. le uova `` the eggs '' ) . A similar phenomenon may be observed in Albanian ( which is heavily Romance - influenced ) , and the category remains highly productive with a number of new words loaned or coined in the neuter ( ( një ) hotel one hotel ( m ) vs. ( tri ) hotele three hotels ( f ) ) . ( A few isolated nouns in Latin had different genders in the singular and plural , but this was an unrelated phenomenon ; this is similarly the case with a few French nouns , such as amour , délice , orgue . )
Platypus
The female platypus has a pair of ovaries , but only the left one is functional . The platypus ' genes are a possible evolutionary link between the mammalian XY and bird / reptile ZW sex - determination systems because one of the platypus ' five X chromosomes contains the DMRT1 gene , which birds possess on their Z chromosome . It lays one to three ( usually two ) small , leathery eggs ( similar to those of reptiles ) , about 11 mm ( 0.43 in ) in diameter and slightly rounder than bird eggs . The eggs develop in utero for about 28 days , with only about 10 days of external incubation ( in contrast to a chicken egg , which spends about one day in tract and 21 days externally ) . After laying her eggs , the female curls around them . The incubation period is divided into three phases . In the first phase , the embryo has no functional organs and relies on the yolk sac for sustenance . The yolk is absorbed by the developing young . During the second phase , the digits develop , and in the last phase , the egg tooth appears .
Business
This article is part of a series on Corporate law By jurisdiction ( show ) Anguilla Australia BVI Canada Cayman Islands India South Africa United States Vietnam European Union France Germany United Kingdom General corporate forms ( show ) Company Conglomerate Cooperative Corporation Holding company Joint - stock Partnership General Limited Limited liability Private limited Sole proprietorship Corporate forms by jurisdiction ( show ) European Union Societas ( SE ) Societas cooperativa ( SCE ) Societas privata ( SPE ) Societas unius personae ( SUP ) Economic interest grouping ( EEIG ) UK / Ireland / Commonwealth Charitable incorporated organisation ( CIO ) Community interest company ( CIC ) Industrial and provident society ( IPS ) Limited company ( Ltd . ) by guarantee by shares proprietary public Unlimited company United States Benefit corporation C corporation Limited liability company ( LLC ) Low - profit LLC Series LLC Limited liability limited partnership ( LLLP ) S corporation Delaware corporation / statutory trust Massachusetts business trust Nevada corporation Others Aktiebolag ( AB ) Aktiengesellschaft ( AG ) Ansvarlig selskap ( ANS ) Aktieselskab ( A / S ) Aksjeselskap ( AS ) Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ( GmbH ) Kabushiki gaisha ( K.K. ) Naamloze vennootschap ( N.V. ) Osakeyhtiö ( Oy ) S.A. Société à responsabilité limitée ( SARL ) more ... Doctrines ( show ) Business judgment rule Corporate governance De facto and estoppel corporations Internal affairs doctrine Limited liability Piercing the corporate veil Rochdale Principles Ultra vires Related areas ( show ) Civil procedure Contract Corporate registers Company portal Law portal
UNICEF
UNICEF works directly with companies to improve their business practices , bringing them in line with obligations under international law , and ensuring that they respect children 's rights in the realms of the marketplace , workplace , and the community . In 2012 , UNICEF worked with Save the Children and The United Nations Global Compact to develop the Children 's Rights and Business Principles and now these guidelines form the basis UNICEF 's advice to companies . UNICEF works with companies seeking to improve their social sustainability by guiding them through a due diligence process where issues throughout their supply chain , such as child labor , can be identified and actions to ratify them are put in place .
Mark Labbett
Labbett 's team , the Rugby Boys , won BBC Four 's Only Connect in 2009 . Other television appearances include The National Lottery People 's Quiz ( 2007 ) where he came second in the grand final , Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? , where he won £ 32,000 , University Challenge and Are You an Egghead ?
Hawaiian crow
Female crows are considered sexually mature at about 2 or 3 years of age and males at 4 years . The Hawaiian crow 's breeding season lasts from March to July ; it builds a nest in March or April , lays eggs in mid-to - late April , and the eggs hatch in mid-May . Both sexes construct nests with branches from the native ohi'a tree strengthened with grasses . The crow typically lays one to five eggs ( that are greenish - blue in color ) per season , although at most only two will survive past the fledgling phase . Only the females incubate the 2 -- 5 eggs for 19 -- 22 days and brood the young , of which only 1 -- 2 fledge about 40 days after hatching . If the first clutch is lost , the pair will re-lay , which serves to be helpful in captive breeding efforts . Juveniles rely on their parents for 8 months and will stay with the family group until the next breeding season .
New Jersey Route 52
The causeway between Ocean City and Somers Point was built in the 1930s with four lanes and no shoulders . Route 52 was designated 1937 to run from the Somers Point Circle northwest to Route 48 ( now U.S. Route 40 ) and Route 50 in Mays Landing . However , Route 52 was never built to run to Mays Landing . In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering , Route 52 was designated to run from the Ocean City side of the Great Egg Harbor causeway north to U.S. Route 9 in Somers Point . With the creation of the 500 - series county routes in New Jersey in 1952 , County Route 585 was designated to run along Route 52 between the southern terminus and the Somers Point Circle as part of its route between Route 109 in Lower Township and U.S. Route 30 and Route 157 in Absecon . Eventually , the southern terminus of County Route 585 was truncated to the Somers Point Circle .
That '70s Show (season 8)
Red hires Leo to be his photographer at a Veterans ' Reunion , as Red is now the most decorated veteran and wants to show off , but Leo steals the spotlight when he reveals his military past . Leo once had a promising life ahead of him following his service in the army , but ended up the stoner he is by accepting a lift home from musicians smoking marijuana . Later , Donna reveals that she and Eric broke up , and that 's why she is now hanging out with Randy . 185 7 `` Fun It '' David Trainer David Spancer December 14 , 2005 ( 2005 - 12 - 14 ) 807 The gang decide to steal the Fatso Burger mascot , unfortunately upsetting the whole town ; Jackie is against it due to her fear of clowns . As they are stealing the clown , Bob drives up to place an order . Fez ( who was forced to duck behind the clown to avoid being seen ) pretends to be an employee speaking over the intercom and angers Bob so that he speeds away . The guys and Donna emerge from where they were hiding and take the clown back to the Formans ' basement . Kitty finds Fatso 's head inside the freezer , demanding the kids put him back . They attempt doing so , but Fez does n't fasten the bolts correctly and accidentally knocks Fatso down , smashing him to pieces . Everyone flees , but only after Donna snatches the clown 's nose . 186 8 `` Good Company '' David Trainer Dean Batali January 12 , 2006 ( 2006 - 01 - 12 ) 808 Jackie discovers Donna 's crush on Randy , while Kitty is angry at Fez after he begins dating one of her friends . Donna 's birthday is approaching and her friends do n't know what present to give her . 187 9 `` Who Needs You '' David Trainer Sarah McLaughlin January 19 , 2006 ( 2006 - 01 - 19 ) 809 Kitty and Red get annoyed with Hyde and Samantha 's constant fighting . After Jackie floods Fez 's apartment and almost gets them evicted , she decides to help in the most feminine way . Donna tries to get people to donate money for a children 's library and is in for some disappointment about the fans of `` Hot Donna '' ; her popularity has gone down , forcing her to make drastic promises .
Barn swallow
There are normally two broods , with the original nest being reused for the second brood and being repaired and reused in subsequent years . The female lays two to seven , but typically four or five , reddish - spotted white eggs . The clutch size is influenced by latitude , with clutch sizes of northern populations being higher on average than southern populations . The eggs are 20 mm × 14 mm ( 0.79 in × 0.55 in ) in size , and weigh 1.9 g ( 0.067 oz ) , of which 5 % is shell . In Europe , the female does almost all the incubation , but in North America the male may incubate up to 25 % of the time . The incubation period is normally 14 -- 19 days , with another 18 -- 23 days before the altricial chicks fledge . The fledged young stay with , and are fed by , the parents for about a week after leaving the nest . Occasionally , first - year birds from the first brood will assist in feeding the second brood . Compared to those from early broods , juvenile barn swallows from late broods have been found to migrate at a younger age , fuel less efficiently during migration and have lower return rates the following year .
Serial killer
According to the FBI , identifying one , or multiple , murders as being the work of a serial killer is the first challenge an investigation faces , especially if the victim ( s ) come from a marginalized or high risk population and is normally linked through forensic or behavioral evidence ( FBI 2008 ) . Should the cases cross multiple jurisdictions , the law enforcement system in the United States is fragmented and thus not configured to detect multiple similar murders across a large geographic area ( Egger 1998 ) . The FBI suggests utilizing databases and increasing interdepartmental communication . Keppel ( 1989 ) suggests holding multi-jurisdictional conferences regularly to compare cases giving departments a greater chance to detect linked cases and overcome linkage blindness . One such collaboration , the Radford / FGCU Serial Killer Database Project was proposed at the 2012 FDIAI Annual Conference . Utilizing Radford 's Serial Killer Database as a starting point , the new collaboration , hosted by FGCU Justice Studies , has invited and is working in conjunction with other Universities to maintain and expand the scope of the database to also include spree and mass murders . Utilizing over 170 data points , multiple - murderer methodology and victimology ; researchers and Law Enforcement Agencies can build case studies and statistical profiles to further research the Who , What , Why and How of these types of crimes . Leadership
The Great Gatsby
The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922 . The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan . Considered to be Fitzgerald 's magnum opus , The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence , idealism , resistance to change , social upheaval , and excess , creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream .
History of the Knights Templar
Though initially an Order of poor monks , the official papal sanction made the Knights Templar a charity across Europe . Further resources came in when members joined the Order , as they had to take oaths of poverty , and therefore often donated large amounts of their original cash or property to the Order . Additional revenue came from business dealings . Since the monks themselves were sworn to poverty , but had the strength of a large and trusted international infrastructure behind them , nobles would occasionally use them as a kind of bank or power of attorney . If a noble wished to join the Crusades , this might entail an absence of years from their home . So some nobles would place all of their wealth and businesses under the control of Templars , to safeguard it for them until their return . The Order 's financial power became substantial , and the majority of the Order 's infrastructure was devoted not to combat , but to economic pursuits .
Daenerys Targaryen
In A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , Daenerys is sold off by her brother Viserys and Illyrio Mopatis to marry Khal Drogo , a Dothraki warlord , in exchange for an army for Viserys . At that time , Daenerys befriends Jorah Mormont , an exiled Westerosi knight , and is given three petrified dragon eggs as a wedding gift . Though initially terrified of Drogo , the marriage turns out to be a happy one , and Daenerys grew to love him and began to take to Dothraki customs , finding strength and determination for the first time . This leads her to stand up to Viserys 's attempts to bully her into coercing Drogo . After Drogo kills Viserys by pouring molten gold atop his head for threatening his wife , Daenerys sees herself as the heir to the Targaryen dynasty , and responsible for reclaiming the throne for her family . Shortly thereafter , Drogo is wounded in a fight , and the cut festers . With Drogo ill , his warriors mutiny and abandon him . In desperation , Daenerys recruits an enslaved Lhazareen priestess , Mirri Maz Duur , to save Drogo with blood magic . However , despite being saved by Daenerys from being raped by the tribe 's warriors , the priestess betrays her trust , and the magic ritual leads to the stillbirth of Daenerys 's unborn child and leaves Drogo in a catatonic state . Daenerys does not want her husband to suffer any longer , and euthanizes him with a pillow . She burns the priestess in Drogo 's funeral pyre and climbs into the flame with her three dragon eggs . When the pyre dies out the following morning , Daenerys emerges alive and unburnt from the ashes with three hatched dragons .
Welsh language
Welsh vocabulary draws mainly from original Brittonic words ( wy `` egg '' , carreg `` stone '' ) , with some loans from Latin ( ffenestr `` window '' < Latin fenestra , gwin `` wine '' < Latin vinum ) , and English ( silff `` shelf '' , giat `` gate '' ) .
Taxation in the United States
The federal gift tax is applicable to the donor , not the recipient , and is computed based on cumulative taxable gifts , and is reduced by prior gift taxes paid . The federal estate tax is computed on the sum of taxable estate and taxable gifts , and is reduced by prior gift taxes paid . These taxes are computed as the taxable amount times a graduated tax rate ( up to 35 % in 2011 ) . The estate and gift taxes are also reduced by a `` unified credit '' equivalent to an exclusion ( $5 million in 2011 ) . Rates and exclusions have varied , and the benefits of lower rates and the credit have been phased out during some years .
Gilded Age
Wealthy industrialists and financiers such as John D. Rockefeller , Jay Gould , Henry Clay Frick , Andrew W. Mellon , Andrew Carnegie , Henry Flagler , Henry H. Rogers , J.P. Morgan , Leland Stanford , Meyer Guggenheim , Jacob Schiff , Charles Crocker , Cornelius Vanderbilt would sometimes be labeled `` robber barons '' by their critics , who argue their fortunes were made at the expense of the working class , by chicanery and a betrayal of democracy . Their admirers argued that they were `` Captains of Industry '' who built the core America industrial economy and also the non-profit sector through acts of philanthropy . For instance , Andrew Carnegie donated over 90 % of his wealth and said that philanthropy was their duty -- the `` Gospel of Wealth '' . Private money endowed thousands of colleges , hospitals , museums , academies , schools , opera houses , public libraries , and charities . John D. Rockefeller donated over $500 million to various charities , slightly over half his entire net worth . Nevertheless , many business leaders were influenced by Herbert Spencer 's theory of Social Darwinism , which justified laissez - faire capitalism , ruthless competition and social stratification .