vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Polycrystalline silicon
Polysilicon is produced from metallurgical grade silicon by a chemical purification process , called the Siemens process . This process involves distillation of volatile silicon compounds , and their decomposition into silicon at high temperatures . An emerging , alternative process of refinement uses a fluidized bed reactor . The photovoltaic industry also produces upgraded metallurgical - grade silicon ( UMG - Si ) , using metallurgical instead of chemical purification processes . When produced for the electronics industry , polysilicon contains impurity levels of less than one part per billion ( ppb ) , while polycrystalline solar grade silicon ( SoG - Si ) is generally less pure . A few companies from China , Germany , Japan , Korea and the United States , such as GCL - Poly , Wacker Chemie , OCI , and Hemlock Semiconductor , as well as the Norwegian headquartered REC , accounted for most of the worldwide production of about 230,000 tonnes in 2013 .
Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)
The first pilot used a vertically mounted wheel which was often difficult to see on - screen . Flesh , who also designed the sets for The $25,000 Pyramid and Jeopardy ! , designed the wheel mechanism . Originally made mostly of paint and cardboard , the modern wheel mechanism is framed on a steel tube surrounded with Plexiglas and more than 200 lighting instruments , and is held by a stainless steel shaft with roller bearings . Altogether , the wheel weighs approximately 2,400 pounds ( 1,100 kg ) .
DNA replication
The replication fork is a structure that forms within the nucleus during DNA replication . It is created by helicases , which break the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together . The resulting structure has two branching `` prongs '' , each one made up of a single strand of DNA . These two strands serve as the template for the leading and lagging strands , which will be created as DNA polymerase matches complementary nucleotides to the templates ; the templates may be properly referred to as the leading strand template and the lagging strand template .
Made in Chelsea
Celebrity Big Brother Ollie Locke -- Series 13 ( 2014 ) -- Third Stephanie Pratt -- Series 14 ( 2014 ) -- Evicted Sam Thompson - Series 20 ( 2017 ) -- Third Ashley James - Series 21 ( 2018 ) -- Evicted I 'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here ! Hugo Taylor -- Series 12 ( 2012 ) -- Fifth Spencer Matthews -- Series 15 ( 2015 ) -- Thirteenth ( withdrew ) Georgia `` Toff '' Toffolo -- Series 17 ( 2017 ) -- Winner The Jump Louise Thompson -- Series 2 ( 2015 ) -- Fourth Mark Francis Vandelli -- Series 3 ( 2016 ) -- Eighth ( withdrew ) Spencer Matthews -- Series 4 ( 2017 ) -- Winner Love Island Tina Stinnes -- Series 2 ( 2016 ) -- Dumped
Maple syrup
The boiling process was very time - consuming . The harvested sap was transported back to the party 's base camp , where it was then poured into large vessels ( usually made from metal ) and boiled to achieve the desired consistency . The sap was usually transported using large barrels pulled by horses or oxen to a central collection point , where it was processed either over a fire built out in the open or inside a shelter built for that purpose ( the `` sugar shack '' ) .
Industrial Revolution
In 1824 Joseph Aspdin , a British bricklayer turned builder , patented a chemical process for making portland cement which was an important advance in the building trades . This process involves sintering a mixture of clay and limestone to about 1,400 ° C ( 2,552 ° F ) , then grinding it into a fine powder which is then mixed with water , sand and gravel to produce concrete . Portland cement was used by the famous English engineer Marc Isambard Brunel several years later when constructing the Thames Tunnel . Cement was used on a large scale in the construction of the London sewerage system a generation later .
Citric acid cycle
Recent work has demonstrated an important link between intermediates of the citric acid cycle and the regulation of hypoxia - inducible factors ( HIF ) . HIF plays a role in the regulation of oxygen homeostasis , and is a transcription factor that targets angiogenesis , vascular remodeling , glucose utilization , iron transport and apoptosis . HIF is synthesized consititutively , and hydroxylation of at least one of two critical proline residues mediates their interaction with the von Hippel Lindau E3 ubiquitin ligase complex , which targets them for rapid degradation . This reaction is catalysed by prolyl 4 - hydroxylases . Fumarate and succinate have been identified as potent inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylases , thus leading to the stabilisation of HIF .
2018 NBA All-Star Game
Staples Center , Los Angeles , California Attendance : 17,801 Referees : James Capers Gary Zielinski Tony Brown
2018 NBA All-Star Game
Contestants Pos . Player Team Height Weight First round Final round Donovan Mitchell Utah Jazz 6 -- 3 215 98 ( 48 + 50 ) 98 ( 50 + 48 ) Larry Nance , Jr . Cleveland Cavaliers 6 -- 9 230 93 ( 44 + 49 ) 96 ( 46 + 50 ) Dennis Smith Jr . Dallas Mavericks 6 -- 3 195 89 ( 39 + 50 ) -- Victor Oladipo Indiana Pacers 6 -- 4 210 71 ( 31 + 40 ) -- Aaron Gordon Orlando Magic 6 -- 9 220 -- --
Guy's Grocery Games
`` Food Network All - Stars Take to the Aisles '' has Chopped judges Marc Murphy and Alex Guarnaschelli , Iron Chef Cat Cora , and TV Host Marcel Vigneron competing . The winner was Alex with $18,000 and the runners - up each got $5,000 for their charities .
RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars
The goal of each main challenge involves a new theme and outcome . Challenges focus on the returning contestants ' ability to once again present themselves on camera , perform with music , or perform humorously . Season 1 saw the focus on the groups ability to perform well together , while season 2 and 3 are based on more individual challenges where the returning contestant relied on themselves and performance solely . Along with the `` special '' prizes awarded by winning the main challenge , the top two queens must now lip - sync for the legacy , with the victor being awarded a cash prize of $10,000 and the choice of elimination out of the bottom three queens .
Stargate
Stargate SG - 1 : Unleashed is an adventure game featuring the original SG - 1 team for Android and iOS developed by MGM and Arkalis Interactive . Stargate Resistance is an online , third - person shooter . It was released February 10 , 2010 . It has since been cancelled due to contracts with MGM . It is still downloadable however . Stargate Worlds was a Stargate - universe massively multiplayer online role - playing game in development before its cancellation . The writers and producers of Stargate viewed Stargate Worlds as running side by side with the show in complete canon . Stargate SG - 1 : The Alliance was a computer game based on the Stargate universe , which was due to be released in late 2005 , but was canceled . A Stargate Trading Card game was released in May 2007 . It is available in both Online and Print forms . Designed by Sony Online Entertainment -- who also run the Online version of the game -- and published by Comic Images . A Stargate Role - Playing Game ( RPG ) was produced by Alderac Entertainment . It was considered canon by both the publishers , and the staff of MGM . However , when Sony bought MGM , they lost the license to produce Stargate RPG products and the RPG license is unassigned . Two video games based on the film were released by Acclaim Entertainment : a 1995 eponymous side - scrolling platformer for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System ( SNES ) and Sega Genesis , and a Tetris - like puzzle game for the Sega Game Gear and Nintendo Game Boy . There are three simulator - style amusement park rides named Stargate SG - 3000 located at Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom , Six Flags Great America , and Six Flags Marine World . A Stargate pinball game has been produced by Gottlieb .
History of the Miami Marlins
Coming out of the All - Star break , the Marlins were swept in three games by the Phillies , but they responded by sweeping the Padres in San Diego before taking two of three against the Dodgers . That 5 - 1 West Coast road trip -- from July 20 -- 26 -- reinforced to management that the team was in contention . Instead of being sellers at the July 31 non-waiver trade deadline , first baseman Nick Johnson was acquired from the Nationals for pitching prospect Aaron Thompson , in the hopes that Johnson would bring his renowned plate discipline to the forefront of the Marlins ' lineup . However other rumors began to surface that the team was exploring options in deals that would bring major players to Florida , including superstars Roy Halladay and Adrian Gonzalez , as well as closer Heath Bell .
No Man's Sky
Each star system has a space station where the Traveller can trade resources , multitools , and ships , and interact with one or more aliens from three different races that populate the galaxy . The player may also find active or abandoned alien bases on planets that offer similar functions . Each alien race has their own language , presented as a word - for - word substitution which initially will be nonsense to the player . By frequent communications with that race , as well as finding monoliths scattered on planets that act as Rosetta stones , the player can better understand these languages and perform proper actions when interacting with the alien non-player characters , gaining favour from the alien and its race for future trading and combat . Consequentially , improper responses to aliens may cause them to dislike the Traveller , and their space - bound fleets may attack the Traveller on sight . The game includes a free market galactic store accessible at space stations or alien bases , where some resources and goods have higher values in some systems compared to others , enabling the player to profit on resource gathering and subsequent trade .
RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars
RuPaul 's Drag Race : All Stars is an American reality competition television series spin - off produced by World of Wonder for Logo TV , where host and mentor RuPaul invites past contestants of RuPaul 's Drag Race to compete for a spot in the Drag Race Hall of Fame .
RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars
The judges each provide their opinion on the contestants ' performances in the main challenge and on the runway before RuPaul announces which queen is the episode 's winner and which two had the weakest performances . The day before judging , the contestants are all provided with a song by a female artist to which they must learn the lyrics . The contestants deemed as being the bottom two must `` lip sync for their lives '' to the song in a final attempt to impress RuPaul . After the lip sync , RuPaul alone decides who stays and who leaves . RuPaul describes the qualities the contestants must have to be crowned the winner of the show as `` Charisma , Uniqueness , Nerve , and Talent ... These are people who have taken adversity and turned it into something that is beautiful and something powerful . '' The phrase `` charisma , uniqueness , nerve , and talent '' is used repeatedly on the show , the acronym of which is CUNT . On the All Stars season , `` synergy '' was added to provide an explanation behind the contestants being sorted into teams ( expanding the acronym into CUNTS ) .
Mario Party
Mario Party 9 introduced a new set of minigames entitled Bowser Jr. minigames . Here , Bowser Jr. challenges two players to compete in a minigame with him . If they successfully defeat him , both players will receive five Mini Stars . If not , then Bowser Jr. will take five from each player .
Spec Ops: The Line
Chaos : A free - for - all mode , in which players eliminate other players . Mutiny : A team deathmatch mode , in which a team of players eliminates the opposing team . Rally Point : A `` King of the Hill '' - styled match , in which players secure a rally point and accumulate score for their team . Uplink : Both teams are tasked to capture a central rally point , and disable the opposing team 's COM Station to prevent them from receiving points . Attrition : Players engage in three team elimination rounds with only one life per round and no respawning until the round is over . Buried : A team of players is tasked to destroy the opposing team 's Vital Points , which reveal their High Value Target upon destruction . Players are tasked to eliminate the opposing team 's target in order to win the match .
RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars
The requirements of the main challenge vary across each episode , and can be individual or group challenges . The winner of the main challenge also receives a `` special '' prize for their win . In the past , challenge winners have been rewarded with prizes including custom designer clothing , vacations , cruises , and quality cosmetic items .
Star Alliance
Star Alliance is one of the world 's largest global airline alliances . Founded on 14 May 1997 , its current CEO is Jeffrey Goh and its headquarters is located in Frankfurt am Main , Germany . As of April 2018 , Star Alliance is the second largest global alliance by passenger count with 727.67 million , behind SkyTeam ( 730 million ) and ahead of Oneworld ( 527.9 million ) . Its slogan is `` The Way The Earth Connects '' .
Survivor (franchise)
In season 11 ( Raja Ampat ) , two new rules were introduced : the hidden immunity idol , known from its appearance in the US version , and a new rule called the `` vote noir '' ( black vote ) . After a contestant gets voted out at the Tribal Council , he or she can vote one more time against one of the remaining contestants of his or her tribe before quitting the game . This vote is counted at the tribe 's next Tribal Council . The third All - Stars season featured sixteen former contestants who , despite their performances , has n't previously become the Sole Survivor . In season 12 ( Malaysia ) , four contestants out of the starting 20 wo n't initially be part of either of the two starting tribes . Instead , they will be on a version of `` Exile Island '' , and will need to prove themselves in order to be integrated into one of the two tribes . Also , for the first time in the history of the program , two contestants will be eliminated at once in a single Tribal Council . Due to an accidental death during the first day of shooting season 13 , those in charge of producing the show decided to cancel the 2013 season . Following a fierce discussion of these events in the media regarding the medical conditions , the show 's doctor took his own life . However , this did n't stop the show entirely , coming back in 2014 with a fourth all - stars season .
Kobe Bryant
In the following 2003 -- 04 season , the Lakers were able to acquire NBA All - Stars Karl Malone , and Gary Payton to make another push at the NBA Championship . Before the season began , Bryant was arrested for sexual assault . This caused Bryant to miss some games due to court appearances or attend court earlier in the day and travel to play games later in same day . In the final game of the regular season , the Lakers played the Portland Trail Blazers . Bryant made two buzzer beaters to win the game and the Pacific Division title . At the end of the fourth quarter , Bryant made a 3 - pointer with 1.1 seconds left to send it into overtime . The game eventually went to a second overtime , in which Bryant made another 3 - pointer as time expired to lift the Lakers past the Blazers , 105 -- 104 .
Survivor (franchise)
In every season of Koh - Lanta , just before the tribe merge , an ambassador is chosen in each tribe . Through season 8 , they had the power to give one more vote to any contestant for the first Tribal Council of the merged tribe . In season 9 and later seasons ( including the two All - Stars seasons ) , they were able to directly eliminate a contestant . However , if none of the ambassadors agrees to vote for / eliminate one contestant , they must draw one pearl from a bag . The one who gets the black pearl loses and either gets a vote or is directly eliminated depending on the season . During season 3 ( Bocas del Toro ) , the oldest man and woman had the option to choose the composition of their respective tribes , as long as gender parity was respected . During season 4 ( Panama ) , the two tribes were divided by gender . However , after 8 days , the tribes were mixed . A variation was used during season 10 ( Vietnam ) , where the tribes were divided by gender except that one person per tribe was of the opposite gender . During season 5 ( Pacific ) and season 6 ( Vanuatu ) , the tribes were divided by age : older or younger than 31 years old . During season 7 ( Palawan ) and season 8 ( Caramoan ) , there was a challenge before the tribes ' composition was decided : the best man and woman got the privilege to decide on the composition of their tribes , while the last man and woman were directly eliminated . The latter rule was also applied in season 9 ( Palau ) and in the first All - Stars season . During the second All - Stars season , seven previous contestants were part of one tribe , while the other tribe was composed of famous French sportsmen . In season 11 ( Raja Ampat ) , two new rules were introduced : the hidden immunity idol , known from its appearance in the US version , and a new rule called the `` vote noir '' ( black vote ) . After a contestant gets voted out at the Tribal Council , he or she can vote one more time against one of the remaining contestants of his or her tribe before quitting the game . This vote is counted at the tribe 's next Tribal Council . The third All - Stars season featured sixteen former contestants who , despite their performances , has n't previously become the Sole Survivor .
RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars
In each season there are also smaller prizes awarded for challenges within the episodes , ranging from `` cash tips '' to vacations , gift cards , etc .
Gotham City
DC 's 2011 reboot of All Star Western takes place in an Old West - styled Gotham . Jonah Hex and Amadeus Arkham are among this version of Gotham 's inhabitants .
RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars
Just like RuPaul 's Drag Race , episodes of the first season of All Stars were followed by an Untucked episode each week , giving the viewers a glimpse into the backstage drama and discussions ' between the returning contestants . For the second and third seasons , the contestants deliberated themselves backstage on who they would choose to eliminate , serving as a mini-Untucked as there were no separately filmed Untucked companion show for that season .
RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars
In August 2018 , during an episode of his podcast , Whats the Tee ? , RuPaul confirmed he was currently filming the fourth season of All Stars . On August 22 , 2018 , VH1 officially announced a fourth season of All Stars , with the cast still yet to be revealed .
Comparison of Star Trek and Star Wars
The two franchises now offer almost all forms of media ranging from novels , television series , comic books , toys for younger audience , magazines , themed merchandise , board games and video games , as well as fan works . These include canonical and non-canonical works , including works made both by series producers and fans jointly .
RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars
The winner of the second season of RuPaul 's Drag Race All Stars was Alaska .
History of the Miami Marlins
After the All - Star Break , the Marlins went on a surge , getting off to an 11 - 5 start thanks in large part to Dan Uggla , who also set a Marlins franchise record for total home runs at 144 , passing Mike Lowell . In that same week ( July 19 - July 25 ) , the Marlins had four walk - off base hits , two by Donnie Murphy and one each from Ronny Paulino and Wes Helms . It was that week which brought up the need to be buyers at the trade deadline . Considered in contention for the playoffs , the Marlins traded Rick VandenHurk to the Baltimore Orioles for lefty Will Ohman to shore up a shaky bullpen .
Star formation
Stars of different masses are thought to form by slightly different mechanisms . The theory of low - mass star formation , which is well - supported by a plethora of observations , suggests that low - mass stars form by the gravitational collapse of rotating density enhancements within molecular clouds . As described above , the collapse of a rotating cloud of gas and dust leads to the formation of an accretion disk through which matter is channeled onto a central protostar . For stars with masses higher than about 8 M , however , the mechanism of star formation is not well understood .
No Man's Sky
The defining feature of No Man 's Sky is that nearly all parts of the galaxy , including stars , planets , flora and fauna on these planets , and sentient alien encounters , are created through procedural generation using deterministic algorithms and random number generators from a single seed number . This 64 - bit value leads to there being over 18 quintillion ( 1.8 × 10 ) planets to explore within the game . Very little data is stored on the game 's servers , as all elements of the game are created through deterministic calculations when the player is near them , assuring that other players will see the same elements as another player by travelling to the same location in the galaxy . The player may make temporary changes on planets , such as mining resources , but these changes are not tracked once the player leaves that vicinity . Only some `` significant '' changes , such as destroying a space station , are tracked for all players on the game 's servers . The game uses different servers for the PlayStation 4 and Windows versions .
Pete Maravich
NBA All - Rookie Team All - NBA First Team ( 1976 , 1977 ) All - NBA Second Team ( 1973 , 1978 ) Five - time NBA All - Star ( 1973 , 1974 , 1977 , 1978 , 1979 ) Led the league in scoring ( 31.1 ppg ) in 1977 , his career best Scored a career - high 68 points against the New York Knicks on Feb. 25 , 1977 # 7 jersey retired by the Utah Jazz ( 1985 ) # 7 jersey retired by the Superdome ( 1988 ) NBA 50th Anniversary All - Time Team ( 1996 ) # 7 jersey retired by the New Orleans Hornets ( now Pelicans ) ( 2002 ) , even though he never played for them -- one of only four players to have a number retired by a team they did not play for ; Maravich did play professionally for the New Orleans Jazz , however , and has remained a greatly admired figure amongst New Orleans sports fans ever since . # 44 jersey retired by the Atlanta Hawks ( 2017 )
Fox Sports 1
2014 Duel : 1.9 ( 3.1 million viewers ) 2014 All - Star Race : 2.1 ( 3.5 million viewers ) 2015 Duel : 1.8 ( 3.0 million viewers ) 2015 Martinsville : 2.4 ( 4.1 million viewers ) 2015 All - Star Race : 2.1 ( 3.8 million viewers ) 2015 Dover : 2.5 ( 3.9 million viewers ) 2015 Pocono : 2.3 ( 3.6 million viewers ) 2015 Michigan : 2.2 ( 3.5 million viewers ) 2015 Sonoma : 2.3 ( 3.7 million viewers ) 2016 Duel : 1.6 ( 2.5 million viewers ) 2016 Martinsville : 2.2 ( 4.2 million viewers ) 2016 All - Star Race : 2.0 ( 3.3 million viewers ) 2016 Sonoma : 2.2 ( 3.9 million viewers ) 2017 Duel : 2.5 million viewers 2017 Martinsville : 2.3 ( 4.0 million viewers ) 2017 All - Star Race : 1.6 ( 2.9 million viewers ) Ultimate
Lobbying in the United States
spent $16 million hired `` all - star list '' of prominent players including Democrats with White House ties plotted strategy worked with `` fund - raising bundler '' Jamie Rubin , a former Obama communications director won support from influential people including congressperson - turned - lobbyist Dick Gephardt , senator - turned - lobbyist John Breaux , lobbyist Tony Podesta , Washington Post CEO Donald E. Graham , education entrepreneur and University of Phoenix founder John Sperling , others key leaders made `` impassioned appeals '' mobilization effort produced 90,000 public documents to the Education department advocating against changes