vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Israel
The sovereign territory of Israel ( according to the demarcation lines of the 1949 Armistice Agreements and excluding all territories captured by Israel during the 1967 Six - Day War ) is approximately 20,770 square kilometers ( 8,019 sq mi ) in area , of which two percent is water . However Israel is so narrow that the exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean is double the land area of the country . The total area under Israeli law , including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights , is 22,072 square kilometers ( 8,522 sq mi ) , and the total area under Israeli control , including the military - controlled and partially Palestinian - governed territory of the West Bank , is 27,799 square kilometers ( 10,733 sq mi ) .
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
The Spanish were able to complete their escape to Tlaxcala . There , they were given assistance and comfort , since all 440 of them were wounded , with only 20 horses left . Maxixcatzin , Xicotencatl the Elder and Chichimecatecle told Cortés ' men : `` Consider yourselves at home . Rest ... do not think it a small thing that you have escaped with your lives from that strong city ... if we thought of you as brave men before , we consider you much braver now . ''
Israel
In 1211 , the Jewish community in the country was strengthened by the arrival of a group headed by over 300 rabbis from France and England , among them Rabbi Samson ben Abraham of Sens. Nachmanides ( Ramban ) , the 13th - century Spanish rabbi and recognised leader of Jewry greatly praised the land of Israel and viewed its settlement as a positive commandment incumbent on all Jews . He wrote `` If the gentiles wish to make peace , we shall make peace and leave them on clear terms ; but as for the land , we shall not leave it in their hands , nor in the hands of any nation , not in any generation . ''
Israel
Upon independence in 1948 , the country formally adopted the name `` State of Israel '' ( Hebrew : מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל ‬ Medīnat Yisrā'el ( mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel ) ; Arabic : دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل ‎ Dawlat Isrāʼīl ( dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl ) ) after other proposed historical and religious names including Eretz Israel ( `` the Land of Israel '' ) , Zion , and Judea , were considered but rejected . In the early weeks of independence , the government chose the term `` Israeli '' to denote a citizen of Israel , with the formal announcement made by Minister of Foreign Affairs Moshe Sharett .
Ancient Egypt
With no permanent plans for conquest , the Assyrians left control of Egypt to a series of vassals who became known as the Saite kings of the Twenty - sixth Dynasty . By 653 BC , the Saite king Psamtik I ( taking advantage of the fact that Assyria was involved in a fierce war conquering Elam and that few Assyrian troops were stationed in Egypt ) was able to free Egypt relatively peacefully from Assyrian vassalage with the help of Lydian and Greek mercenaries , the latter of whom were recruited to form Egypt 's first navy . Psamtik and his successors however were careful to maintain peaceful relations with Assyria . Greek influence expanded greatly as the city of Naukratis became the home of Greeks in the delta .
Israel
According to some observers , Israel has engaged in systematic and widespread violations of human rights in the occupied territories , including the occupation itself and war crimes against civilians . The allegations include violations of international humanitarian law by the United Nations Human Rights Council , with local residents having `` limited ability to hold governing authorities accountable for such abuses '' by the U.S. State Department , mass arbitrary arrests , torture , unlawful killings , systemic abuses and impunity by Amnesty International and others and a denial of the right to Palestinian self - determination . In response to such allegations , Prime Minister Netanyahu has defended the country 's security forces for protecting the innocent from terrorists and expressed contempt for what he describes as a lack of concern about the human rights violations committed by `` criminal killers '' . Some observers , such as Israeli officials , scholars , United States Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley and UN secretary - generals Ban Ki - moon and Kofi Annan , also assert that the UN is disproportionately concerned with Israeli misconduct . Israeli
Book of Numbers
The Israelites arrive on the plains of Moab . A new census gives the total number of males from twenty years and upward as 601,730 , and the number of the Levites from the age of one month and upward as 23,000 . The land shall be divided by lot . The daughters of Zelophehad , their father having no sons , are to share in the allotment . Moses is ordered to appoint Joshua as his successor . Prescriptions for the observance of the feasts and the offerings for different occasions are enumerated . Moses orders the Israelites to massacre the people of Midian . The Reubenites and the Gadites request Moses to assign them the land east of the Jordan . Moses grants their request after they promise to help in the conquest of the land west of the Jordan . The land east of the Jordan is divided among the tribes of Reuben , Gad , and the half - tribe of Manasseh . Moses recalls the stations at which the Israelites halted during their forty years ' wanderings and instructs the Israelites to exterminate the Canaanites and destroy their idols . The boundaries of the land are spelled out ; the land is to be divided under the supervision of Eleazar , Joshua , and twelve princes , one of each tribe .
History of democracy
The aftermath of World War II also resulted in the United Nations ' decision to partition the British Mandate into two states , one Jewish and one Arab . On 14 May 1948 the state of Israel declared independence and thus was born the first full democracy in the Middle East . Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system and universal suffrage .
Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
On February 2 , 1958 Egypt , Iraq , and Syria declared the establishment of a common federation : The United Arab Republic . The destruction of Israel was their main goal . In 1955 , the USSR made an arms deal with Egypt . This angered Israel . While Britain sided with the US and agreed to withhold further funding for the construction of Egypt 's Aswan Dam in July 1956 , Britain was also furious at the action and believed that America 's withdrawal of aid had provided the opening for Soviet penetration of Egypt . Both Britain and Israel now saw Egypt as a threat to regional stability .
Yemen
Emperor Justinian I sent an embassy to Yemen . He wanted the officially Christian Himyarites to use their influence on the tribes in inner Arabia to launch military operations against Persia . Justinian I bestowed the `` dignity of king '' upon the Arab sheikhs of Kindah and Ghassan in central and northern Arabia . From early on , Roman and Byzantine policy was to develop close links with the powers of the coast of the Red Sea . They were successful in converting Aksum and influencing their culture . The results with regard to Yemen were rather disappointing .
Israel
On 22 July 1946 , Irgun attacked the British administrative headquarters for Palestine , which was housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem . A total of 91 people of various nationalities were killed and 46 were injured . The hotel was the site of the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and the Headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Palestine and Transjordan . The attack initially had the approval of the Haganah . It was conceived as a response to Operation Agatha ( a series of widespread raids , including one on the Jewish Agency , conducted by the British authorities ) and was the deadliest directed at the British during the Mandate era . It was characterized as one of the `` most lethal terrorist incidents of the twentieth century . '' In 1947 , the British government announced it would withdraw from Palestine , stating it was unable to arrive at a solution acceptable to both Arabs and Jews .
World War II
In China , nationalist and communist forces resumed the civil war in June 1946 . Communist forces were victorious and established the People 's Republic of China on the mainland , while nationalist forces retreated to Taiwan in 1949 . In the Middle East , the Arab rejection of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine and the creation of Israel marked the escalation of the Arab -- Israeli conflict . While European powers attempted to retain some or all of their colonial empires , their losses of prestige and resources during the war rendered this unsuccessful , leading to decolonisation .
Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
The Suez Crisis occurred in the second half of 1956 . At this time , Britain , France and Israel invaded Egypt , claiming that they were protecting the Suez Canal . The USSR saw this event as a threat to its security and international prestige by the West . Britain and France lost prestige when the United States opposed the invasion and forced a withdrawal . The Suez Crisis was the first clash between Israel 's security interests and the strategic interests of the USSR in the Middle East .
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
Manco Inca hoped to use the disagreement between Almagro and Pizarro to his advantage and attempted the recapture of Cuzco starting in Feb. 1536 . The siege of Cuzco was waged until the following spring , and during that time Manco 's armies managed to wipe out four relief columns sent from Lima , but was ultimately unsuccessful in its goal of routing the Spaniards from the city . The Inca leadership did not have the full support of all its subject peoples and furthermore , the degrading state of Inca morale coupled with the superior Spanish siege weapons soon made Manco Inca realize his hope of recapturing Cuzco was failing . Manco Inca eventually withdrew to Tambo .
Yemen
In 1632 , Al - Mu'ayyad Muhammad sent an expeditionary force of 1000 men to conquer Mecca . The army entered the city in triumph and killed its governor . The Ottomans were not ready to lose Mecca after Yemen , so they sent an army from Egypt to fight the Yemenites . Seeing that the Turkish army was too numerous to overcome , the Yemeni army retreated to a valley outside Mecca . Ottoman troops attacked the Yemenis by hiding at the wells that supplied them with water . This plan proceeded successfully , causing the Yemenis over 200 casualties , most from thirst . The tribesmen eventually surrendered and returned to Yemen . Al - Mu'ayyad Muhammad died in 1644 . He was succeeded by Al - Mutawakkil Isma'il , another son of al - Mansur al - Qasim , who conquered Yemen in its entirety , from Asir in the north to Dhofar in the east . During his reign , and during the reign of his successor , Al - Mahdi Ahmad ( 1676 -- 1681 ) , the imamate implemented some of the harshest discriminatory laws ( ghiyar ) against the Jews of Yemen , which culminated in the expulsion of all Jews ( Exile of Mawza ) to a hot and arid region in the Tihama coastal plain . The Qasimid state was the strongest Zaydi state to ever exist .
Ancient Egypt
From the 10th century BC onwards , Assyria fought for control of the southern Levant . Frequently , cities and kingdoms of the southern Levant appealed to Egypt for aid in their struggles against the powerful Assyrian army . Taharqa enjoyed some initial success in his attempts to regain a foothold in the Near East . Taharqa aided the Judean King Hezekiah when Hezekiah and Jerusalem was besieged by the Assyrian king , Sennacherib . Scholars disagree on the primary reason for Assyria 's abandonment of their siege on Jerusalem . Reasons for the Assyrian withdrawal range from conflict with the Egyptian / Kushite army to divine intervention to surrender to disease . Henry Aubin argues that the Kushite / Egyptian army saved Jerusalem from the Assyrians and prevented the Assyrians from returning to capture Jerusalem for the remainder of Sennacherib 's life ( 20 years ) . Some argue that disease was the primary reason for failing to actually take the city ; however , Senacherib 's annals claim Judah was forced into tribute regardless .
Camp David Accords
The second framework outlined a basis for the peace treaty six months later , in particular deciding the future of the Sinai peninsula . Israel agreed to withdraw its armed forces from the Sinai , evacuate its 4,500 civilian inhabitants , and restore it to Egypt in return for normal diplomatic relations with Egypt , guarantees of freedom of passage through the Suez Canal and other nearby waterways ( such as the Straits of Tiran ) , and a restriction on the forces Egypt could place on the Sinai peninsula , especially within 20 -- 40 km from Israel . This process would take three years to complete . Israel also agreed to limit its forces a smaller distance ( 3 km ) from the Egyptian border , and to guarantee free passage between Egypt and Jordan . With the withdrawal , Israel also returned Egypt 's Abu - Rudeis oil fields in western Sinai , which contained long term , commercially productive wells .
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
The Partition Plan with Economic Union was not realized in the days following the 29 November 1947 resolution as envisaged by the General Assembly . It was followed by outbreaks of violence in Mandatory Palestine between Palestinian Jews and Arabs known as the 1947 -- 48 Civil War . After Alan Cunningham , the High Commissioner of Palestine , left Jerusalem , on the morning of 14 May the British army left the city as well . The British left a power vacuum in Jerusalem and made no measures to establish the international regime in Jerusalem . At midnight on 14 May 1948 , the British Mandate expired , and Britain disengaged its forces . Earlier in the evening , the Jewish People 's Council had gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum , and approved a proclamation , declaring `` the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel , to be known as the State of Israel '' . The 1948 Arab -- Israeli War began with the invasion of , or intervention in , Palestine by the Arab States on 15 May 1948 .
The Man in the High Castle
In 1962 , fifteen years after Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany have won World War II , Robert `` Bob '' Childan owns an Americana antiques shop in San Francisco , California ( located in the Japanese - occupied Pacific States of America ) , which is most commonly frequented by the Japanese , who make a fetish of romanticized American cultural artifacts . Childan is contacted by Nobusuke Tagomi , a high - ranking Japanese trade official , who is seeking a gift to impress a visiting Swedish industrialist named Baynes . Childan 's store is stocked in part with antiques from the Wyndam - Matson Corporation , a metalworking company . Frank Frink ( formerly Fink ) , a secretly Jewish - American veteran of World War II , has just been fired from the Wyndam - Matson factory , when he agrees to join a former coworker to begin a handcrafted jewelry business . Meanwhile , Frink 's ex-wife , Juliana , works as a judo instructor in Cañon City , Colorado ( in the neutral buffer zone of Mountain States ) , where she begins a sexual relationship with an Italian truck driver and ex-soldier , Joe Cinnadella . Throughout the book , many of these characters frequently make important decisions using prophetic messages they interpret from the I Ching . Many characters are also reading a widely banned yet extremely popular new novel , The Grasshopper Lies Heavy , which depicts an alternative history in which the Allies won World War II , a concept that amazes and intrigues its readers .
Illinois
The Stevenson family , initially rooted in central Illinois and later based in the Chicago metropolitan area , has provided four generations of Illinois officeholders .
Adam and Eve
The garden account ends with an intradivine monologue , determining the couple 's expulsion , and the execution of that deliberation ( Genesis 3 : 22 -- 24 ) . The reason given for the expulsion was to prevent the man from eating from the tree of life and becoming immortal : `` Behold , the man is become as one of us , to know good and evil ; and now , lest he put forth his hand , and take also of the tree of life , and eat , and live for ever '' ( Genesis 3 : 22 ) . God exiles Adam and Eve from the Garden and installs cherubs ( supernatural beings that provide protection ) and the `` ever - turning sword '' to guard the entrance ( Genesis 3 : 24 ) .
Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland 22nd and 24th President of the United States In office March 4 , 1893 -- March 4 , 1897 Vice President Adlai Stevenson I Preceded by Benjamin Harrison Succeeded by William McKinley In office March 4 , 1885 -- March 4 , 1889 Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks ( 1885 ) None ( 1885 -- 1889 ) Preceded by Chester A. Arthur Succeeded by Benjamin Harrison 28th Governor of New York In office January 1 , 1883 -- January 6 , 1885 Lieutenant David B. Hill Preceded by Alonzo B. Cornell Succeeded by David B. Hill 34th Mayor of Buffalo In office January 2 , 1882 -- November 20 , 1882 Preceded by Alexander Brush Succeeded by Marcus M. Drake 17th Sheriff of Erie County , New York In office 1871 -- 1873 Preceded by Charles Darcy Succeeded by John B. Weber Personal details Stephen Grover Cleveland ( 1837 - 03 - 18 ) March 18 , 1837 Caldwell , New Jersey , U.S. June 24 , 1908 ( 1908 - 06 - 24 ) ( aged 71 ) Princeton , New Jersey , U.S. Cause of death Heart attack Resting place Princeton Cemetery , New Jersey Political party Democratic Spouse ( s ) Frances Folsom ( m . 1886 ) Children 5 , including Ruth ( `` Baby '' ) , Esther , Richard Parents Richard Falley Cleveland Ann Neal Relatives Rose Cleveland ( sister ) Philippa Foot ( granddaughter ) Profession Politician lawyer Signature
House of Lords
In 2000 , the government announced it would set up an Independent Appointments Commission , under Lord Stevenson of Coddenham , to select fifteen so - called `` people 's peers '' for life peerages . However , when the choices were announced in April 2001 , from a list of 3,000 applicants , the choices were treated with criticism in the media , as all were distinguished in their field , and none were `` ordinary people '' as some had originally hoped .
Grateful Dead
The band 's primary lyricists , Robert Hunter and John Perry Barlow , commonly used themes involving love and loss , life and death , gambling and murder , beauty and horror , chaos and order , God and other religious themes , travelling and touring . In a retrospective , The New Yorker described Hunter 's verses as `` elliptical , by turns vivid and gnomic '' , which were often `` hippie poetry about roses and bells and dew , '' and critic Robert Christgau described them as `` American myths '' that later gave way to `` the old karma - go - round '' .
The Happy Prince and Other Tales
In the 1997 film Wilde , based on the life of the author , portions of The Selfish Giant are woven in , with Wilde and his wife telling the story to their children , the portions reflecting on his relationship with them and others : the sadness of the children who can no longer play in the giant 's garden is reflected in that of Wilde 's sons as their beloved father spends more time with his lovers than with them .
The Bronx
In the 1990s , New York City began closing the large , public high schools in the Bronx and replacing them with small high schools . Among the reasons cited for the changes were poor graduation rates and concerns about safety . Schools that have been closed or reduced in size include John F. Kennedy , James Monroe , Taft , Theodore Roosevelt , Adlai Stevenson , Evander Childs , Christopher Columbus , Morris , Walton , and South Bronx High Schools . More recently the City has started phasing out large middle schools , also replacing them with smaller schools . Fordham
Illinois
Two families from Illinois have played particularly prominent roles in the Democratic Party , gaining both statewide and national fame . Stevensons
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events
Brad Silberling signed on to direct in February 2003 . He was not familiar with the series when he was first approached . He quickly read the first three novels and was excited that `` Hollywood was taking a chance to put over $100 million to adapt these inventive children 's books onto screen '' . Handler , who wrote eight drafts of the script for Sonnenfeld , was replaced by Robert Gordon in May 2003 . Handler approved of the changes that were made to his original screenplay . `` I was offered credit on the film for screenwriting by the Writers Guild of America , '' Handler continued , `` but I did n't take it because I did n't write it . I felt like it would be an insult to the guy who did . ''
Child's Play (franchise)
Seed of Chucky is the fifth installment , and the first film other than the original Child 's Play not to be distributed by Universal Pictures . Chucky and Tiffany 's child Glen finds his parents six years later and brings them back to life , but is horrified by their murders . Chucky and Tiffany force a pregnancy on actress Jennifer Tilly , which is accelerated by voodoo magic . Glen suffers a split personality disorder , having both a male and female soul in his / her body , and dismembers his father . Tiffany uses the ritual to take over Tilly 's body and as Tilly bears twins , Glen 's dual personality now has a body each of its own . In an epilogue set five years later , one of Chucky 's severed arms is mailed to the home of his family , where it attacks the now - human Glen .
Child's Play (franchise)
Joe Renzetti composed the first Child 's Play , followed by Graeme Revell , who composed the soundtrack for Child 's Play 2 and Bride of Chucky . John D'Andrea and Cory Lerios wrote the score for Child 's Play 3 , while Pino Donaggio composed Seed of Chucky . Joseph LoDuca composed the score for Curse of Chucky and Cult of Chucky .
Child's Play (franchise)
Child 's Play is the first and only in the series to be distributed by Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer / United Artists ( until Seed of Chucky which is distributed by Rogue ) before the franchise was sold by Universal Pictures . The film is directed by Tom Holland , written by Holland , John Lafia , and Don Mancini , and starring Catherine Hicks , Chris Sarandon , Alex Vincent , and Brad Dourif . The film was released on November 9 , 1988 . In the film , a serial killer and voodoo practitioner named Charles Lee `` Chucky '' Ray is mortally wounded and transfers his soul via a voodoo ritual into a child - sized `` Good Guy '' doll . The doll is found by a homeless peddler and sold to Karen Barclay , who gives it to her son Andy as a birthday gift . As time goes on Chucky has to get his soul out of the doll before it turns human and the transfer becomes permanent , and thus has to possess the first person he told his secret to - Andy . Desperate to leave his doll body , Chucky terrorizes the Barclays in order to restore his soul .