vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
California Gold Rush
Settlements of the Gold Rush era , such as Portuguese Flat on the Sacramento River , sprang into existence and then faded . The Gold Rush town of Weaverville on the Trinity River today retains the oldest continuously used Taoist temple in California , a legacy of Chinese miners who came . While there are not many Gold Rush era ghost towns still in existence , the remains of the once - bustling town of Shasta have been preserved in a California State Historic Park in Northern California .
Spratly Islands dispute
Part of a series on the Spratly Islands Spratly Islands military occupations map Related articles Spratly Islands dispute Dangerous Ground ( South China Sea ) Great wall of sand History of the Spratly Islands List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands List of airports in the Spratly Islands Vietnamese DK1 rigs Royal Malaysian Navy Offshore Bases Philippines and the Spratly Islands Republic of Morac - Songhrati - Meads Territorial disputes in the South China Sea Confrontations Southwest Cay incident ( 1975 ) Johnson South Reef skirmish ( 1988 ) Military occupations Occupied by China ( show ) Cuarteron Reef Huayang Reef Fiery Cross Reef Yongshu Reef Gaven Reefs Nanxun Reef and Xinan Reef Hughes Reef Dongmen Reef Johnson South Reef Chigua Reef Mischief Reef Meiji Reef Subi Reef Zhubi Reef Occupied by Malaysia ( show ) Ardasier Reef Ubi Reef Dallas Reef Laya Reef Erica Reef Siput Reef Investigator Shoal Peninjau Shoal Mariveles Reef Mantanani Reef Swallow Reef Layang - Layang Island Occupied by the Philippines ( show ) Commodore Reef Rizal Reef Flat Island Patag Island Irving Reef Balagtas Reef Lankiam Cay Panata Island Loaita Island Kota Island Nanshan Island Lawak Island Northeast Cay Parola Island Second Thomas Shoal Ayungin Shoal Thitu Island Pagasa Island West York Island Likas Island Occupied by Taiwan ( show ) Itu Aba Island Taiping Island Zhongzhou Reef Occupied by Vietnam ( show ) Amboyna Cay An Bang Island Collins Reef Co Lin Reef Ladd Reef Lat Reef Namyit Island Nam Yet Island Sand Cay Son Ca Island Sin Cowe Island Sinh Ton Island Southwest Cay Song Tu Tay Island Spratly Island Truong Sa Island Unoccupied ( show ) Half Moon Shoal Louisa Reef Luconia Shoals Northeast Investigator Shoal Royal Captain Shoal Sabina Shoal Western Reef The
Second Sino-Japanese War
Numerous monuments and memorials throughout China , including the Museum of the War of Chinese People 's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in Beijing 's Wanping Fortress .
Great Barrier Reef
The problems that surround ecotourism in the Great Barrier Reef revolve around permanent tourism platforms . Platforms are large , ship - like vessels that act as a base for tourists while scuba diving and snorkelling in the Great Barrier Reef . Seabirds will land on the platforms and defecate which will eventually be washed into the sea . The feces carry nitrogen , phosphorus and often DDT and mercury , which cause aspergillosis , yellow - band disease , and black band disease . Areas without tourism platforms have 14 out of 9,468 ( 1.1 % ) diseased corals versus areas with tourism platforms that have 172 out of 7,043 ( 12 % ) diseased corals . Tourism is a major economic activity for the region . Thus , while non-permanent platforms could be possible in some areas , overall , permanent platforms are likely a necessity . Solutions have been suggested to siphon bird waste into gutters connecting to tanks helping lower runoff that causes coral disease .
Ho Chi Minh City
Today , the city 's core is still adorned with wide elegant boulevards and historic French colonial buildings . The majority of these tourist spots are located in District 1 and are a short leisurely distance from each other . The most prominent structures in the city centre are the Reunification Palace ( Dinh Thống Nhất ) , City Hall ( Ủy ban nhân dân Thành phố ) , Municipal Theatre ( Nhà hát thành phố , also known as the Opera House ) , City Post Office ( Bưu điện thành phố ) , State Bank Office ( Ngân hàng nhà nước ) , City People 's Court ( Tòa án nhân dân thành phố ) and Notre - Dame Cathedral ( Nhà thờ Đức Bà ) . Some of the historic hotels are the Hotel Majestic , dating from the French colonial era , and the Rex and Caravelle hotels are former hangouts for American officers and war correspondents in the 1960s & ' 70s . Saigon
Chinese Buddhism
These are the holy days that Chinese Buddhists celebrate by visiting temples to make offerings of prayers , incense , fruits , flowers and donations . On such days they observe the moral precepts very strictly as well as a full day 's vegetarian diet , a practice originally from China .
Migration in China
Migrants originated mostly in the inland provinces , such as Anhui ( 4.3 mln ) , Jiangxi ( 3.7 mln ) , Henan ( 3.1 mln ) , Hunan ( 4.3 mln ) , Hubei ( 2.8 mln ) , Guangxi ( 2.4 mln ) , Sichuan ( 6.9 mln ) .
English contract law
As opposed to duress and actual undue influence , where illegitimate pressure is applied , or presumed undue influence which depends on a relationship of trust and confidence being abused , further cases allow a vulnerable person to avoid an agreement merely on the basis that they were vulnerable and exploited . In The Medina the Court of Appeal found that a group of pilgrims shipwrecked on a rock in the Red Sea did not need to pay £ 4000 they promised to a rescue ship , because the `` rescuers '' had exploited the pilgrims vulnerable position . To prevent unjust enrichment , the Court substituted an award of £ 1800 . Similarly , in Cresswell v Potter , Ms Cresswell conveyed her ex-husband her share of their joint property in return for release from mortgage repayments , later making him £ 1400 profit . Because Potter took advantage of Ms Creswell 's ignorance of property transactions , Megarry J held the agreement was voidable . One potential exception to this pattern , and now very heavily restricted , is the defence of `` non est factum '' , which originally applied in favour of illiterate people in the 19th century allowed a person to have a signed contract declared void if it is radically different from what was envisaged . In Lloyds Bank Ltd v Bundy , Lord Denning MR proposed it was time that all cases be placed into one unified doctrine of `` inequality of bargaining power '' . This would have allowed escape from an agreement if without independent advice one person 's ability to bargain for better terms had been heavily impaired , and would have essentially given courts broader scope to change contracts to the advantage of weaker parties . The idea of a general unified doctrine was disapproved by some members of the House of Lords from 1979 . However , specific legislation , such as the Consumer Credit Act 1974 , the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 , or the Employment Rights Act 1996 creates targeted rights for contracting parties who lack bargaining power , in the same way specific legislation circumscribes a duty of disclosure and good faith . Thus , just as there is no unified theory of bargaining power , a unified doctrine of freedom of contract was dismantled long ago where the parties are not making commercial deals in the course of business .
Capital punishment in the United States
In 1996 , Congress passed the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act to streamline the appeal process in capital cases . The bill was signed into law by President Bill Clinton , who had endorsed capital punishment during his 1992 presidential campaign .
Keeping Up with the Kardashians
Robert Kardashian ( 1944 -- 2003 ) and Kristen Mary `` Kris '' Houghton ( born 1955 ) married in 1978 , and had four children together : daughters Kourtney ( born 1979 ) , Kim ( born 1980 ) , and Khloé ( born 1984 ) , and son Rob ( born 1987 ) . The couple divorced in 1991 . In 1994 , Robert rose to prominence when he defended O.J. Simpson for the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman during the O.J. Simpson trial . In 1991 , Kris married retired Olympic decathlon champion Bruce Jenner ( born 1949 ; now known as Caitlyn Jenner after undergoing a gender transition in 2015 ) . Bruce and Kris had two daughters together , Kendall ( born 1995 ) and Kylie ( born 1997 ) . Robert died in 2003 , eight weeks after being diagnosed with esophageal cancer . The Kardashian sisters began appearing in the media spotlight more often . In 2004 , Kim became a personal stylist for recording artist Brandy Norwood . She eventually developed into a full - time stylist , and was a personal shopper and stylist for actress Lindsay Lohan . Khloé , Kim , and Kourtney ventured further into fashion , opening a high fashion boutique Dash in Calabasas , California . Throughout Kim 's early career , she was involved in some high - profile relationships including Brandy Norwood 's brother , singer Ray J , and later , singer Nick Lachey . In 2006 , Kourtney starred in her first reality television series , Filthy Rich : Cattle Drive . In February 2007 , a home sex video that Kim made with Ray J years earlier was leaked . Vivid Entertainment bought the rights for $1 million and released the film as Kim Kardashian : Superstar on February 21 . Kim sued Vivid for ownership of the tape , but dropped the suit in April 2007 settling with Vivid Entertainment for $5 million . It is often assumed that the release of the sex tape was a major contributor to the rising fame of Kim Kardashian and her family .
Clint Eastwood
In 1990 , actress Frances Fisher , whom Eastwood had met on the set of Pink Cadillac in late 1988 , moved in with him . Fisher said of dating Eastwood , `` I simply felt that this was it , the big one . I had no idea that every woman he meets probably feels as I did . '' They co-starred in Unforgiven , and had a daughter , Francesca Eastwood ( born Francesca Fisher - Eastwood ; August 7 , 1993 ) . The birth of Francesca marked the first time Eastwood was present for one of his children being born . Eastwood and Fisher ended their relationship in early 1995 , after which Fisher said it took two years to complete what she called the grieving process for her shattered dreams . Before she had moved out of Eastwood 's home , he was said to already be dating Dina Ruiz , a television news anchor 35 years his junior whom he had first met when she interviewed him in April 1993 . They married on March 31 , 1996 , when Eastwood surprised her with a private ceremony at a home on the Shadow Creek Golf Course in Las Vegas . The marriage was noted for the fact that it was only Eastwood 's second legal union in spite of his many long - term romances over the decades . Eastwood said of his bride , `` I 'm proud to make this lady my wife . She 's the one I 've been waiting for . '' Ruiz commented , `` The fact that I 'm only the second woman he has married really touches me . '' The couple has one daughter , Morgan Eastwood ( born December 12 , 1996 ) . Ruiz made cameos in two of Eastwood 's films , Blood Work and True Crime ( in which Fisher even appeared ) . In the summer of 2012 , Dina , Morgan and Francesca starred with the band Overtone in the E ! reality - television show Mrs. Eastwood & Company , on which Clint appeared infrequently .
Whitney Houston
In 1995 , Houston starred alongside Angela Bassett , Loretta Devine , and Lela Rochon in her second film , Waiting to Exhale , a motion picture about four African - American women struggling with relationships . Houston played the lead character Savannah Jackson , a TV producer in love with a married man . She chose the role because she saw the film as `` a breakthrough for the image of black women because it presents them both as professionals and as caring mothers '' . After opening at number one and grossing $67 million in the US at the box office and $81 million worldwide , it proved that a movie primarily targeting a black audience can cross over to success , while paving the way for other all - black movies such as How Stella Got Her Groove Back and the Tyler Perry movies that became popular in the 2000s . The film is also notable for its portrayal of black women as strong middle class citizens rather than as stereotypes . The reviews were mainly positive for the ensemble cast . The New York Times said : `` Ms. Houston has shed the defensive hauteur that made her portrayal of a pop star in ' The Bodyguard ' seem so distant . '' Houston was nominated for an NAACP Image Award for `` Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture '' , but lost to her co-star Bassett .
Diff'rent Strokes
In 1994 , Coleman appeared in an episode of Married ... with Children , playing a building code inspector whom Al Bundy called to report an illegal driveway . When Kelly recognizes him , he denies any connection to Arnold Jackson , but utters his catchphrase to Al , `` What'chu talkin ' about , Bundy ? '' . Also , in 1996 , Coleman and Bain reprised their roles for the series finale of The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air entitled `` I , Done Part 2 '' . In their scene , they reference Willis by name before meeting Will Smith 's character , leading to Coleman uttering a variation of his catchphrase , `` What'chu talkin ' about , Will ? '' .
Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act
The most noteworthy change brought by the 2005 BAPCPA amendments occurred within 11 U.S.C. § 707 ( b ) . Congress amended this section of the Bankruptcy Code to provide for the dismissal or conversion of a Chapter 7 case upon a finding of `` abuse '' by an individual debtor ( or married couple ) with `` primarily consumer debt '' . The pre-BAPCPA language of § 707 ( b ) provided for dismissal of a chapter 7 case upon a finding of `` substantial abuse '' . Under the former § 707 ( b ) , only the court or the United States trustee could bring a motion to find abuse under the section . The 2005 amendments removed these restrictions .
NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award
Season Player Position Nationality Team 1982 -- 83 Moncrief , Sidney Sidney Moncrief Guard United States Milwaukee Bucks 1983 -- 84 Moncrief , Sidney Sidney Moncrief ( 2 ) Guard United States Milwaukee Bucks 1984 -- 85 Eaton , Mark Mark Eaton Center United States Utah Jazz 1985 -- 86 Robertson , Alvin Alvin Robertson Guard United States San Antonio Spurs 1986 -- 87 Cooper , Michael Michael Cooper Guard / Forward United States Los Angeles Lakers 1987 -- 88 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * Guard United States Chicago Bulls 1988 -- 89 Eaton , Mark Mark Eaton ( 2 ) Center United States Utah Jazz 1989 -- 90 Rodman , Dennis Dennis Rodman * Forward United States Detroit Pistons 1990 -- 91 Rodman , Dennis Dennis Rodman * ( 2 ) Forward United States Detroit Pistons 1991 -- 92 Robinson , David David Robinson * Center United States San Antonio Spurs 1992 -- 93 Olajuwon , Hakeem Hakeem Olajuwon * Center Nigeria Houston Rockets 1993 -- 94 Olajuwon , Hakeem Hakeem Olajuwon * ( 2 ) Center Nigeria Houston Rockets 1994 -- 95 Mutombo , Dikembe Dikembe Mutombo * Center Zaire Denver Nuggets 1995 -- 96 Payton , Gary Gary Payton * Guard United States Seattle SuperSonics 1996 -- 97 Mutombo , Dikembe Dikembe Mutombo * ( 2 ) Center Zaire Atlanta Hawks 1997 -- 98 Mutombo , Dikembe Dikembe Mutombo * ( 3 ) Center Democratic Republic of the Congo Atlanta Hawks 1998 -- 99 Mourning , Alonzo Alonzo Mourning * Center United States Miami Heat 1999 -- 00 Mourning , Alonzo Alonzo Mourning *
Nuclear weapon
In 1996 , the International Court of Justice , the highest court of the United Nations , issued an Advisory Opinion concerned with the `` Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons '' . The court ruled that the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons would violate various articles of international law , including the Geneva Conventions , the Hague Conventions , the UN Charter , and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . Given the unique , destructive characteristics of nuclear weapons , the International Committee of the Red Cross calls on States to ensure that these weapons are never used , irrespective of whether they consider them lawful or not .
Talk:Wifebeater (shirt)
Tom Meehan ? 1998 ? Clearly false . Kelly Hardin , Random House The Mavens ' Word of the Day . They date the word to 1996 . Android8 01 : 40 , 27 March 2007 ( UTC )
United States Navy Reserve
The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 ( USERRA ) is a federal law intended to ensure that persons who serve or have served in the Armed Forces , Reserves , National Guard or other `` uniformed services '' are not disadvantaged in their civilian careers because of their service ; are promptly reemployed in their civilian jobs upon their return from duty ; and are not discriminated against in employment based on past , present , or future military service . The federal government is to be a `` model employer '' under USERRA .
Helena Bonham Carter
In 1994 , Bonham Carter and Kenneth Branagh met while filming Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein . They began an affair , while Branagh was still married to Emma Thompson , whom he had met in 1987 while filming the BBC Series Fortunes of War and married in 1989 . At the time , Thompson 's career was soaring , while Branagh was struggling to make a success of his first big - budget film ( Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein ) . Following his affair with Bonham Carter , Branagh and Thompson divorced in 1995 . However , in 1999 , after five years together , Bonham Carter and Branagh also called it quits .
George Takei
Sulu 1 episode : Season 3 Episode 2 `` Flashback '' 1996 -- 1997 Space Cases Warlord Shank 1996 -- 2004 Hey Arnold ! Kyo Heyerdahl Animated 2 episodes 1999 Batman Beyond Mr. Fixx 2 episodes : Season 1 Episode 1 : `` Rebirth : Part 1 '' , Season 1 Episode 2 : `` Rebirth : Part 2 '' 2002 -- 2007 Kim Possible Master Sensei Animated 2002 -- 2013 Futurama Himself / Hikaru Sulu Animated 4 episodes : Season 4 Episode 11 `` Where No Fan Has Gone Before '' , Season 6 Episode 4 `` Proposition Infinity '' , Season 7 Episode 5 `` Zapp Dingbat '' & Season 7 Episode 19 `` Saturday Morning Fun Pit '' 2002 Jackie Chan Adventures High Mystic Animated 1 episode : Season 2 Episode 28 `` The Chosen One '' Scrubs Priest 1 episode : Season 3 Episode 22 `` My Best Friend 's Wedding '' 2005 Avatar : The Last Airbender Warden Animated 1 episode : Season 1 Episode 6 `` Imprisoned '' 2006 Malcolm in the Middle Himself 1 episode : Season 7 Episode 14 `` Hal Grieves '' 2006 Psych Himself 1 episode : Season 1 Episode 8 `` Shawn vs. the Red Phantom '' 2006 Will & Grace Himself 1 episode : Season 8 Episode 18 `` Buy , Buy Baby '' 2007 Cory in the House Ronald 1 episode : Season 1 Episode 15 `` Air Force One Too Many '' ( missing info ) 2007 El Tigre : The Adventures of Manny Rivera The Seventh Samurai Animated 1 episode : `` Rising Son '' 2007 -- 2010 Heroes Kaito Nakamura 2008 Star Wars : The Clone Wars General Lok Durd Animated 1 Episode : Season 1 Episode 14 `` Defenders of Peace '' 2008 -- 2009 Chowder Foie Gras Episodes `` Chowder and Mr. Fugu '' and `` Hands on a Big Mixer '' 2009 Transformers : Animated Yoketron Animated 1 episode : Season 3 Episode 6 : `` Five Servos of Doom '' 2009 Party Down Himself 1 episode : Season 1 Episode 10 : `` Stennheiser - Pong Wedding Reception '' 2009 The Super Hero Squad Show Galactus Animated 1 episode `` Last Exit Before Doomsday !
Helena Bonham Carter
Year Title Role Notes A Pattern of Roses Netty Bellinger 1985 A Room with a View Lucy Honeychurch 1986 Lady Jane Lady Jane Grey Maurice Lady at Cricket Match Cameo A Hazard of Hearts Serena Staverley 1988 The Mask Iris Six Minutes with Ludwig The Star 1989 Francesco Chiara Offreduccio Arms and the Man Raina Petkoff Getting It Right Lady Minerva Munday Hamlet Ophelia The Early Life of Beatrix Potter Beatrix Potter 1991 Where Angels Fear to Tread Caroline Abbott Brown Bear 's Wedding White Bear ( voice ) 1992 Howards End Helen Schlegel 1993 Dancing Queen Pandora / Julie 1994 Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein Elizabeth Frankenstein Fatal Deception : Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald Marina Oswald A Dark - Adapted Eye Faith Severn ( adult ) Butter Dorothy Short film 1995 Mighty Aphrodite Amanda Weinrib Margaret 's Museum Margaret MacNeil Jeremy Hardy Gives Good Sex Herself ( voice ) Twelfth Night : Or What You Will Olivia Portraits chinois Ada 1997 The Wings of the Dove Kate Croy Keep the Aspidistra Flying Rosemary The Petticoat Expeditions Narrator ( voice ) 1998 Sweet Revenge Karen Knightly Also known as The Revengers ' Comedies The Theory of Flight Jane Thatchard 1999 Carnivale Milly ( voice ) Fight Club Marla Singer Women Talking Dirty Cora The
Provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Income from self - employment and wages of single individuals in excess of $200,000 annually will be subject to an additional tax of 0.9 % . The threshold amount is $250,000 for a married couple filing jointly ( threshold applies to joint compensation of the two spouses ) , or $125,000 for a married person filing separately . In addition , an additional Medicare tax of 3.8 % will apply to unearned income , specifically the lesser of net investment income or the amount by which adjusted gross income exceeds $200,000 ( $250,000 for a married couple filing jointly ; $125,000 for a married person filing separately . ) Beginning January 1 , 2013 , the limit on pre-tax contributions to healthcare flexible spending accounts will be capped at $2,500 per year . The threshold for itemizing medical expenses increases from 7.5 % to 10 % of adjusted gross income for taxpayers under age 65 . Most medical devices become subject to a 2.3 % excise tax collected at the time of purchase . ( The ACA provided for a 2.6 % tax , but this was reduced to 2.3 % by the Reconciliation Act ) . This tax will also apply to some medical devices , such as examination gloves and catheters , that are used in veterinary medicine . Insurance companies are required to use simpler , more standardized paperwork , with the intention of helping consumers make apples - to - apples comparisons between the prices and benefits of different health plans .
Whitney Houston
In 1996 , Houston starred in the holiday comedy The Preacher 's Wife , with Denzel Washington . She plays a gospel - singing wife of a pastor ( Courtney B. Vance ) . It was largely an updated remake of the film The Bishop 's Wife ( 1948 ) , which starred Loretta Young , David Niven and Cary Grant . Houston earned $10 million for the role , making her one of the highest - paid actresses in Hollywood at the time and the highest - earning African - American actress in Hollywood . The movie , with its all African - American cast , was a moderate success , earning approximately $50 million at the U.S. box offices . The movie gave Houston her strongest reviews so far . The San Francisco Chronicle said Houston `` is rather angelic herself , displaying a divine talent for being virtuous and flirtatious at the same time '' , and she `` exudes gentle yet spirited warmth , especially when praising the Lord in her gorgeous singing voice '' . Houston was again nominated for an NAACP Image Award and won for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture .
The Way of the World
Acts 3 , 4 and 5 are all set in the home of Lady Wishfort . We are introduced to Lady Wishfort who is encouraged by Foible to marry the supposed Sir Rowland -- Mirabell 's supposed uncle -- so that Mirabell will lose his inheritance . Sir Rowland is , however , Waitwell in disguise , and the plan is to entangle Lady Wishfort in a marriage which can not go ahead , because it would be bigamy , not to mention a social disgrace ( Waitwell is only a serving man , Lady Wishfort an aristocrat ) . Mirabell will offer to help her out of the embarrassing situation if she consents to his marriage . Later , Mrs. Fainall discusses this plan with Foible , but this is overheard by Mrs. Marwood . She later tells the plan to Fainall , who decides that he will take his wife 's money and go away with Mrs. Marwood .