vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Hurricane Gloria
After peak intensity , Gloria weakened while turning to the north , moving around the western end of the ridge , toward a cold front . By September 26 , the winds had decreased to 90 mph ( 150 km / h ) , just 30 hours after its peak intensity . Later that day , a buoy about 60 mi ( 100 km ) east of the center recorded a wave height of 46.9 ft ( 14.3 m ) , which at the time was the highest buoy wave recording in an Atlantic hurricane . While accelerating toward North Carolina , Gloria re-intensified slightly to winds of 105 mph ( 165 km / h ) , making it a Category 2 hurricane . At 0530 UTC on September 27 , the hurricane struck southern Hatteras Island in the Outer Banks . After weakening further , Gloria passed just east of the Delmarva Peninsula and New Jersey and interacted with a cold front . Its strongest winds remained on the eastern edge of the circulation , and the storm was gradually losing tropical characteristics . At 1600 UTC on September 27 , the hurricane made landfall with a broad and poorly defined center between John F. Kennedy International Airport and Islip , New York , with winds of 85 mph ( 140 km / h ) on western Long Island . This was only about three days after Henri struck the same general area as a much weaker tropical storm .
Hurricane Gloria
After having moved generally to the west , Gloria turned more to the west - northwest on September 22 . This occurred after tropical storms Fabian and Henri weakened the ridge . On September 23 , Gloria passed about 155 miles ( 250 km ) to the north of Anegada , the northernmost island in the Lesser Antilles . It initially remained a minimal hurricane until September 24 when it began quickly intensifying . That day , it became a major hurricane while passing northeast of the Bahamas . Gloria developed a 10 mi ( 16 km ) wide eye , surrounded by an eyewall , and was producing the stadium effect . At 0120 UTC on September 25 , Hurricane Hunters extrapolated a barometric pressure of 919 mbar ( 27.1 inHg ) , and reported flight - level winds of 145 mph ( 230 km / h ) . At the time , this was the lowest pressure measured by reconnaissance aircraft over the northern Atlantic Ocean . Because there was little difference in the flight - level winds and the surface winds , this was estimated to have been Gloria 's peak intensity , making it a Category 4 on the Saffir - Simpson scale . However , a preliminary reanalysis released in 2008 suggested peak winds of 155 mph ( 249 km / h ) . At peak intensity , the hurricane was located about 930 mi ( 1500 km ) southeast of Cape Hatteras in North Carolina , and had an eye diameter of only 8 mi ( 13 km ) . Hurricane
Hurricane Irma
In Charleston , South Carolina , the third highest storm surge on record was recorded , reaching a height of approximately 10 ft ( 3 m ) . By of September 12 , almost 100,000 had lost power in Upstate South Carolina . Five people died in storm - related incidents across South Carolina , all from indirect incidents .
Hurricane Gloria
Before Gloria made landfall , the National Hurricane Center issued hurricane warnings at some point for the East Coast of the United States from South Carolina to Maine . Hundreds of thousands of people evacuated , and the hurricane was described as the `` storm of the century '' . In general , Gloria 's strongest winds remained east of the center , which largely spared locations from North Carolina to New Jersey , and the passage at low tide reduced storm surge . Hurricane - force winds and gusts affected much of the path , which knocked down trees and power lines . This left over 4 million people without power , including the worst power outage in Connecticut history related to a natural disaster . The extended power outage on Long Island , affecting 1.5 million people at some point , caused the Long Island Lighting Company to be shut down and be replaced with a public company . Fallen trees caused six of the storm 's fourteen deaths .
Hurricane Hugo
Hurricane Hugo was a powerful Cape Verde -- type hurricane that caused widespread damage and loss of life in Guadeloupe , Saint Croix , Puerto Rico , and the Southeast United States . It formed over the eastern Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands on September 9 , 1989 . Hugo moved thousands of miles across the Atlantic , rapidly strengthening to briefly attain category 5 hurricane strength on its journey . It later crossed over Guadeloupe and St. Croix on September 17 and 18 as a category 4 hurricane . Weakening slightly more , it passed over Puerto Rico as a strong category 3 hurricane . Further weakening occurred several hours after re-emerging into the Atlantic , becoming downgraded to a category 2 hurricane . However , it re-strengthened into a category 4 hurricane before making landfall just slightly north of Charleston , on Isle of Palms on September 21 with 140 mph sustained winds ( gusts to more than 160 mph ) . It had devolved to a remnant low near Lake Erie by the next day . As of 2016 , Hurricane Hugo is the most intense tropical cyclone to strike the East Coast north of Florida since 1900 .
Hurricane Gloria
Hurricane Gloria was the first significant system to strike the northeastern United States since Hurricane Agnes in 1972 and the first major storm to affect New York and Long Island directly since Hurricane Donna in 1960 . It was also the most intense Category 4 hurricane that did not attain Category 5 status until surpassed by Hurricane Opal in the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season . It was a powerful Cape Verde - type hurricane that formed during the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season , originating from a tropical wave on September 16 in the eastern Atlantic Ocean . After remaining a weak tropical cyclone for several days , Gloria intensified into a hurricane on September 22 north of the Lesser Antilles . During that time , the storm had moved generally westward , although it turned to the northwest due to a weakening of the ridge . Gloria quickly intensified on September 24 , and the next day reached peak winds of 145 mph ( 230 km / h ) . The hurricane weakened before striking the Outer Banks of North Carolina on September 27 . Later that day , Gloria made two subsequent landfalls on Long Island and later western Connecticut , before becoming extratropical on September 28 over New England . The remnants moved through Atlantic Canada , eventually dissipating on October 2 .
1935 Labor Day hurricane
The compact and intense hurricane caused extreme damage in the upper Florida Keys , as a storm surge of approximately 18 to 20 feet ( 5.5 -- 6 meters ) swept over the low - lying islands . The hurricane 's strong winds and the surge destroyed nearly all the structures between Tavernier and Marathon . The town of Islamorada was obliterated . Portions of the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway were severely damaged or destroyed . The hurricane also caused additional damage in northwest Florida , Georgia , and the Carolinas .
Hurricane Katrina
Although Hurricane Katrina stayed well to the north of Cuba , on August 29 it brought tropical - storm force winds and rainfall of over 8 in ( 200 mm ) to western regions of the island . Telephone and power lines were damaged and around 8,000 people were evacuated in the Pinar del Río Province . According to Cuban television reports the coastal town of Surgidero de Batabanó was 90 % underwater .
Hurricane Irma
The NHC issued several watches and warnings for the Southeastern United States . The first watches and warnings were issued at 15 : 00 UTC on September 7 , which was a hurricane watch from the Jupiter Inlet to Bonita Beach , including the Florida Keys and Lake Okeechobee . The watches and warnings were extended into Georgia and South Carolina on September 9 . At 21 : 00 UTC on that day , the advisories reached their maximum extent , with a hurricane warning covering the entire east coast of the state , the west coast from Indian Pass southward , and the Florida Keys ; a hurricane watch was in place from the Florida -- Georgia state line to Edisto Beach , South Carolina ; and there were two tropical storm warnings , one in Florida from Indian Pass to the Okaloosa -- Walton county line and the other from the Florida -- Georgia state line to the South Santee River in South Carolina . Watches and warnings were gradually discontinued as Irma moved inland and weakened , with all of them canceled by early on September 12 . Florida
Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina Category 5 major hurricane ( SSHWS / NWS ) Hurricane Katrina at peak intensity in the Gulf of Mexico on August 28 , 2005 Formed August 23 , 2005 Dissipated August 31 , 2005 ( Extratropical after August 30 ) Highest winds 1 - minute sustained : 175 mph ( 280 km / h ) Lowest pressure 902 mbar ( hPa ) ; 26.64 inHg Fatalities 1,245 -- 1,836 total Damage $108 billion ( 2005 USD ) ( Second - costliest tropical cyclone on record ) Areas affected Bahamas , South Florida , Central Florida , Cuba , Louisiana ( especially Greater New Orleans ) , Mississippi , Alabama , Florida Panhandle , most of eastern North America Part of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Florida
Damage in Charlotte , DeSoto , Hardee , Hernando , Highlands , Hillsborough , Manatee , Pasco , Pinellas , and Polk counties was minor , collectively totaling approximately $2.45 million . Between 4 and 8 in ( 100 and 200 mm ) of rain in Charlotte County resulted in swollen ditches and inundated streets , including a portion of State Road 31 . In Highlands County , up to 6 in ( 150 mm ) of precipitation flooded parts of U.S. Route 98 . A tornado that touched down along the shore of Lake Josephine destroyed a porch and a shed . Heavy rainfall ranging from 6 to 8 in ( 150 to 200 mm ) in Polk County flooded a few homes in the city of Lake Wales . A tornado spawned in Mulberry destroyed a transformer and sent several people to a local shelter . Another tornado was reported in Hardee County near Zolfo Springs . In Hillsborough County , a 66 - year - old man died from a heart attack while uploading sandbags in preparation of the hurricane .
Hurricane Isaac (2012)
Isaac tracked between Guadeloupe and Dominica late on August 22 , and then turned towards the west - northwest and entered a region favorable for intensification ; it passed over Haiti and Cuba at strong tropical storm strength . A ridge of high pressure to Isaac 's north intensified and turned it westward over the Florida Keys by August 26 , and Isaac entered the eastern Gulf of Mexico the next day . Gradual intensification occurred , in which the system reached its peak intensity of 80 mph ( 130 km / h ) prior to making two landfalls , both at the same intensity , on the coast of Louisiana during the late evening hours of August 28 and early morning hours of August 29 , respectively . The system gradually weakened once inland , but still produced a widespread tornado outbreak across the middle of the country before dissipating into an open low early on September 1 .
Hurricane Isaac (2012)
Late on August 21 , a Hurricane Hunters mission observed flight - level winds of 51 mph ( 84 km / h ) , and on this basis the NHC upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Isaac . Despite its intensification , the storm was disorganized with its center north of the deepest convection . The circulation became elongated early on August 22 , and the storm absorbed drier air in its northeast quadrant . Later that day , the low pressure area passed just south of Guadeloupe and into the Caribbean Sea . Dry air continued to hinder convection , although Isaac gradually became better organized . By late on August 24 , the Hurricane Hunters observed a well - defined circulation ; by that time , however , the strongest convection was moving over Hispaniola . An eye feature developed early on August 25 , and Isaac attained winds of 70 mph ( 110 km / h ) before crossing the southwest peninsula of Haiti . Visible
Hurricane Isaac (2012)
On August 27 , an EF0 tornado touched down in Indian River County for about two minutes , damaging 95 houses . Heavy rainfall from Isaac spread up the Florida coast , with 16.5 in ( 420 mm ) reported in Vero Beach .
Hurricane Isaac (2012)
At 0900 UTC on August 22 , the government of the Dominican Republic issued a tropical storm watch along the north coast of the Dominican Republic , from the border with Haiti eastward to Saona Island . Simultaneously , a hurricane watch was put into place on the south coast , also extending from the Haitian border to Saona Island . At Guantanamo Bay Naval Base , a trial for five prisoners , who allegedly planned the September 11 attacks , was postponed .
Hurricane Irma
The nascent storm began developing upper - level poleward outflow , as an anticyclone became established over the system , with banding features becoming increasingly evident in satellite images . Early on August 31 , shortly after the development of a central dense overcast ( CDO ) and an eye feature , Irma underwent rapid intensification , becoming a Category 2 hurricane at 18 : 00 UTC and then a Category 3 hurricane , becoming a major hurricane -- around 00 : 00 UTC on September 1 . In a 48 - hour period , the hurricane 's intensity had increased by 65 mph ( 105 km / h ) . On September 2 , a ship passed 60 mi ( 97 km ) to the west of the center of Irma , recording maximum winds of 45 mph ( 72 km / h ) , which indicated that the eye of Irma remained compact . A strong high pressure system to the north of Irma caused the storm to move west - southwestward between September 2 and September 4 . The first aircraft reconnaissance mission departed from Barbados on the afternoon of September 3 , discovering an eye 29 mi ( 47 km ) in diameter and surface winds of 115 mph ( 185 km / h ) .
Hurricane Harvey
After striking land , the storm moved over the Copano Bay and made a second landfall in Texas just north of Holiday Beach at 06 : 00 UTC on August 26 as a Category 3 hurricane . Afterwards , rapid weakening ensued as its speed slowed dramatically to a crawl , and Harvey weakened to a tropical storm at 18 : 00 UTC on August 26 . For about two days the storm stalled just inland , dropping very heavy rainfall and causing widespread flash flooding . Harvey 's center drifted back towards the southeast , positioning itself near or just off the Texas coast at Matagorda by 15 : 00 UTC on August 28 . Once offshore , convection blossomed and allowed the once - exposed low - level circulation to become obscured . An Air Force reconnaissance plane investigating the system during the afternoon of August 29 found that maximum winds had increased to 50 mph ( 85 km / h ) . Around 09 : 00 UTC the next morning , Harvey made its third and final landfall just west of Cameron , Louisiana , with winds of 45 mph ( 75 km / h ) .
Hurricane Hugo
Impact in Florida was minimal . The highest sustained winds in the state reached only 21 mph ( 34 km / h ) in Jacksonville . At the same location , a trace of rainfall was also reported . Conditions were even lesser in St. Augustine , though wind gusts were slightly higher than in Jacksonville . To the north in Georgia , minor storm surge was reported , with the highest measured as 1.4 feet ( 0.43 m ) above normal in Fort Pulaski . Sustained winds of 58 mph ( 93 km / h ) was reported at the Tybee Island Lighthouse , and this was the only record of tropical storm force winds in Georgia . Near tropical storm force winds were measured at the Savannah / Hilton Head International Airport , along with 6.1 inches ( 150 mm ) of rain . High winds in Brunswick downed five trees , one of which struck a house . Additionally , winds felled at least 50 trees in the Savannah area , and two homes were struck . Scattered downed tree limbs were also reported in Hinesville and Bryan County , though no damage occurred . South
Hurricane Irma
Hurricane Irma Category 5 major hurricane ( SSHWS / NWS ) Hurricane Irma at peak intensity approaching the Leeward Islands on September 5 Formed August 30 , 2017 Dissipated September 13 , 2017 ( Remnant low after September 12 ) Highest winds 1 - minute sustained : 180 mph ( 285 km / h ) Lowest pressure 914 mbar ( hPa ) ; 26.99 inHg Fatalities 52 direct , 82 indirect Damage $64.76 billion ( 2017 USD ) ( Fifth - costliest tropical cyclone on record ) Areas affected Cape Verde , Leeward Islands ( especially Barbuda , Saint Barthelemy , Anguilla , Saint Martin and the Virgin Islands ) , Greater Antilles ( Cuba and Puerto Rico ) , Turks and Caicos Islands , The Bahamas , Eastern United States ( especially Florida ) Part of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season History Meteorological history Effects Caribbean Islands Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas British Virgin Islands Cuba United States Florida Other wikis Commons : Irma images
Hurricane Isaac (2012)
While moving across Haiti , the circulation of Isaac became disrupted while the convection became disorganized . Continuing to the northwest , the storm moved along the north coast of Cuba . Convection increased over the center by early on August 26 , and Isaac re-intensified slightly while entering the Straits of Florida . However , continued dry air prevented the inner core of convection from developing . Hurricane Hunters reported that a ragged eye developed multiple times , but the feature did not persist . The storm tracked northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico due to a subtropical ridge to its north . Although the barometric pressure continued to decrease , Isaac remained a large storm , which contributed to the lack of strengthening . At about 1620 UTC ( 11 : 20 a.m. CDT ) on August 28 , Isaac attained hurricane status about 75 mi ( 115 km ) south - southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River , based on data from the Hurricane Hunters .
Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina first made landfall between Hallandale Beach and Aventura , Florida on August 25 . The storm dropped heavy rainfall in portions of the Miami metropolitan area , with a peak total of 16.43 in ( 417 mm ) in Perrine . As a result , local flooding occurred in Miami - Dade County , damaging approximately 100 homes . Farther south in the Florida Keys , a tornado was spawned in Marathon on August 26 . The tornado damaged a hangar at the airport there and caused an estimated $5 million in damage . The rains caused flooding , and the combination of rains and winds downed trees and power lines , leaving 1.45 million people without power . Damage in South Florida was estimated at $523 million , mostly as a result of crop damage . Twelve deaths occurred in South Florida , of which three were caused by downed trees in Broward County , three from drowning in Miami - Dade County , three were from carbon monoxide poisoning caused by generators , one was due to a vehicle accident , one occurred during debris cleanup , and one was associated with a lack of electricity .
Hurricane Isaac (2012)
Hurricane Isaac Category 1 hurricane ( SSHWS / NWS ) Hurricane Isaac near peak strength and approaching Louisiana on August 28 Formed August 21 , 2012 Dissipated September 3 , 2012 ( Extratropical after September 1 ) Highest winds 1 - minute sustained : 80 mph ( 130 km / h ) Lowest pressure 965 mbar ( hPa ) ; 28.5 inHg Fatalities 34 direct , 7 indirect Damage $3.11 billion ( 2012 USD ) Areas affected Leeward Islands , Puerto Rico , Hispaniola , Cuba , The Bahamas , Southeastern United States ( Florida , Louisiana , Arkansas , Mississippi , and Alabama ) , Midwestern United States ( Missouri , Illinois , and Indiana ) , Kentucky Part of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Harvey
In Honduras , a green alert was issued for the Atlántida , Islas de la Bahía , Colón , Cortés , Gracias a Dios , Olancho , and Yoro departments . About 8 inches ( 20 cm ) of precipitation was expected along the coast , while inland areas were forecast to receive 2.76 to 3.15 in ( 7.0 to 8.0 cm ) of rain . As the remnants of Harvey approached Mexico , the Civil Protection Secretary of the state of Campeche issued a blue alert , indicting minimal danger . When Harvey redeveloped at 15 : 00 UTC on August 23 , the Government of Mexico issued a tropical storm watch in Tamaulipas from Boca De Catan to the mouth of the Rio Grande . The watch remained in effect until 21 : 00 UTC on August 25 , after it became evident that the storm no longer posed a significant threat to that area .
Hurricane Harvey
Hurricane Harvey Category 4 major hurricane ( SSHWS / NWS ) Hurricane Harvey at peak intensity , prior to landfall in southern Texas on August 25 Formed August 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 17 ) Dissipated September 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 03 ) ( Extratropical after September 1 ) Highest winds 1 - minute sustained : 130 mph ( 215 km / h ) Lowest pressure 938 mbar ( hPa ) ; 27.7 inHg Fatalities 63 direct , 28 indirect Damage $198.63 billion ( 2017 USD ) ( Costliest tropical cyclone on record ) Areas affected Windward Islands , Suriname , Guyana , Nicaragua , Honduras , Belize , Cayman Islands , Yucatán Peninsula , Southern and Eastern United States ( especially Texas , Louisiana ) Part of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Isaac (2012)
As of 12 P.M. ( CDT ) Thursday , August 30 , power companies said more than 900,000 customers were without power in Louisiana , Mississippi , Alabama , Florida , Texas and Arkansas . 34 tornadoes touched down across the Southeast from August 27 to September 4 and Isaac ( and later its remnants ) moved across that part of the country . Storm
Atlantic hurricane season
Year Map Number of tropical storms Number of hurricanes Number of major hurricanes Deaths Strongest storm Major landfall hurricanes Notes 1870 11 10 2,052 Four First Key West Hurricane 1870 / Hurricane of San Marcos 1870 ( cat 3 ) Second Key West Hurricane 1870 ( cat 2 ) 1871 8 6 30 Three and Four Central Florida Hurricane of 1871 ( cat 3 ) Hurricane Santa Juana of 1871 ( cat 3 ) 1872 5 0 Unknown Two 1873 5 626 Five Central Florida Hurricane of 1873 ( cat 3 ) 1874 7 0 Unknown Seven 1875 6 5 800 Three Great Indianola Hurricane of 1875 ( cat 3 ) 1876 5 19 `` San Felipe '' Hurricane San Felipe of 1876 ( cat 3 ) Cuba - South Florida Hurricane of 1876 ( cat 3 ) 1877 8 34 Four 1878 12 10 108 Seven Gale of 1878 ( cat 2 ) 1879 8 6 47 Four Great Beaufort Carolina Hurricane of 1879 ( cat 3 ) Louisiana Hurricane of 1879 ( cat 3 )
Atlantic hurricane season
HURDAT is regularly updated annually to reflect the previous season 's activity . The older portion of the database has been regularly revised since 2001 . The first time in 2001 led to the addition of tropical cyclone tracks for the years 1851 to 1885 . The second time was August 2002 when Hurricane Andrew was upgraded to a Category 5 . Recent efforts into uncovering undocumented historical hurricanes in the late 19th and 20th centuries by various researchers have greatly increased our knowledge of these past events . Possible changes for the years 1951 onward are not yet incorporated into the HURDAT database . Because of all of these issues , a re-analysis of the Atlantic hurricane database is being attempted that will be completed in three years .