vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Timeline of young people's rights in the United Kingdom
Timeline of 19th century events related to Children 's Rights in the UK in chronological order Date Parties Event Image 1802 UK Parliament The Factory Acts were a series of Acts of Parliament passed to limit the number of hours worked by women and children , first in the textile industry , then later in all industries . The Factories Act 1802 , sometimes called the `` Health and Morals of Apprentices Act , '' 1806 Philanthropic Society The Society was incorporated by Act of Parliament , sanctioning its work with juvenile delinquents and began by opening homes where children were trained in cottage industries working under the instruction of skilled tradesmen . Remaining central in development of measures dealing with young offenders the Society is now the charity , Catch 22 , formerly Rainer . 1818 Ragged schools A cobbler , John Pounds , began to use his shop in Portsmouth as a base for educational activity for local poor children neglected by other institutions . Part of his concern was also to educate his disabled nephew . The Ragged School movement subsequently found powerful support in active philanthropists when public attention was aroused to the prevalence of juvenile delinquency by Thomas Guthrie in 1840 . An estimated 300,000 children passed through the London Ragged Schools alone between the early 1840s and 1881 1818 Elizabeth Fry After visiting Newgate Prison , Fry became particularly concerned at the conditions in which women prisoners and their children were held . Fry later presented evidence to the House of Commons in 1818 , which led to the interior of Newgate being rebuilt with individual cells . 1834 Workhouse The workhouse system was set up in England and Wales under the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 , although many individual houses existed before this legislation . Inmates entered and left as they liked and would receive free food and accommodation . However , workhouse life was made as harsh and degrading as possible so that only the truly destitute would apply . Accounts of the terrible conditions in some workhouses include references to women who would not speak and children who refused to play . 1838 Charles Dickens Oliver Twist , Dickens ' second novel , is the first in the English language to centre upon a child protagonist throughout . The book calls attention to various contemporary social evils , including the Poor Law , which required that poor people work in workhouses , child labour and the recruitment of children as criminals .
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
Children of Tsunami : No More Tears ( 2005 ) , a 24 - minute documentary film , and its full - length follow - up Children of Tsunami : The Journey Continues . Hafalan Shalat Delisa ( 2011 ) , an Indonesian movie . Tsunami : The Aftermath ( 2006 ) , a two - part television miniseries about its after - effects . The Impossible ( 2012 ) , an English - language Spanish film based on the story of María Belón and her family . Dasavathaaram ( 2008 ) , a Tamil disaster film which culminates with 2004 tsunami . Kayal ( 2014 ) , a Tamil drama film which culminates with the 2004 tsunami . The Wave That Shook The World ( 2005 ) , a PBS NOVA educational television - series documentary about the 2004 tsunami . Hereafter ( 2010 ) , a main character 's life is affected after surviving the tsunami while on vacation . Tsunami : Caught on Camera ( 2009 ) , a minute - by - minute account of the 2004 tsunami told through amateur video footage of witnesses from Indonesia , Thailand and Sri Lanka . Naked Science : Tsunami Warning ( 2009 ) , an episode of an American documentary television series that premiered in 2004 on the National Geographic Channel with the episode dedicated to the events of 26 December 2004 and implications of a worldwide tsunami warning system .
Elvis Presley
Presley 's only child , Lisa Marie , was born on February 1 , 1968 , during a period when he had grown deeply unhappy with his career . Of the eight Presley singles released between January 1967 and May 1968 , only two charted in the top 40 , and none higher than number 28 . His forthcoming soundtrack album , Speedway , would die at number 82 on the Billboard chart . Parker had already shifted his plans to television , where Presley had not appeared since the Sinatra Timex show in 1960 . He maneuvered a deal with NBC that committed the network to both finance a theatrical feature and broadcast a Christmas special .
One-child policy
Some 30 delegates called on the government in the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference in March 2007 to abolish the one - child rule , citing `` social problems and personality disorders in young people '' . One statement read , `` It is not healthy for children to play only with their parents and be spoiled by them : it is not right to limit the number to two children per family , either . '' The proposal was prepared by Ye Tingfang , a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences , who suggested that the government at least restore the previous rule that allowed couples to have up to two children . According to a scholar , `` The one - child limit is too extreme . It violates nature 's law . And in the long run , this will lead to mother nature 's revenge . ''
An-Nasr
← Sura 110 of the Quran → النصر An - Naṣr Succour Arabic text English translation Classification Medinan Other names Triumph , Divine Support , The Help Position Juzʼ 30 No. of verses
United States
English ( American English ) is the de facto national language . Although there is no official language at the federal level , some laws -- such as U.S. naturalization requirements -- standardize English . In 2010 , about 230 million , or 80 % of the population aged five years and older , spoke only English at home . Spanish , spoken by 12 % of the population at home , is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language . Some Americans advocate making English the country 's official language , as it is in 32 states .
The One and Only Ivan
The One and Only Ivan is a children 's novel written by K.A. Applegate and illustrated by Patricia Castelao . The book is about a silverback gorilla named Ivan who lived in a cage at a mall . The novel is written in first person from the point of view of Ivan , a silverback gorilla . In 2013 it was named the winner of the Newbery Medal . It has won several other awards and is currently nominated to several reading lists .
History of childhood
In England in the Elizabethan era , the transmission of social norms was a family matter and children were taught the basic etiquette of proper manners and respecting others . Some boys attended grammar school , usually taught by the local priest .
Matthew 5:22
This verse has also recently become part of the debate over the New Testament view of homosexuality . Some scholars have argued that raca can mean effeminate , and was a term of abuse for homosexuals . Similarly moros can also refer to a homosexual aggressor ; as Bibleref Gen 19.4 - 6 . From Semitic cognates Warren Johansson argued that the word was an Aramaic pejorative , similar to the English words faggot or fairy . By these interpretations Jesus could be specifically condemning homophobia . Most scholars reject this view , considering it more likely that the terms were meant as general insults , rather than specific attacks on homosexuals . See also the Bible and homosexuality .
Matthew 5:22
In the Old Testament , followers of various Ba'als and gods in the Caananite Pantheon , including Moloch , sacrificed their children by fire , especially in the area Tophet ( 2 Chr. 28 : 3 , 33 : 6 ) . Thereafter it was deemed to be cursed ( Jer. 7 : 31 , 19 : 2 - 6 ) .
Godparent
The Book of Discipline stipulates that it is the duty of a godparent , also known as a sponsor , `` to provide training for the children of the Church throughout their childhood that will lead to a personal commitment to Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior , to an understanding of the Christian faith , and to an appreciation of the privileges and obligations of baptism and membership ( ¶ 225.4 ) . '' John Wesley , the founder of the Methodist Church , wrote a homily titled `` Serious Thoughts Concerning Godfathers and Godmothers '' in which he stated that godparents are `` spiritual parents to the baptized , whether they were infants or ( adults ) ; and were expected to supply whatever spiritual helps were wanting either through the death or neglect of the natural parents . '' He described the role of godparents , instructing that they should call upon their godchild `` to hear sermons , and shall provide that he ( / she ) may learn the Creed , the Lord 's Prayer , and the Ten Commandments , and all other things which a Christian ought to know and believe to his soul 's health ; and that this child be virtuosly brought up , to lead a godly and a Christian life . '' As such , the Book of Worship states that godparents / sponsors should be `` selected carefully '' and `` should be members of Christ 's holy Church ; and it is the duty of pastors to instruct them concerning the significance of Holy Baptism , their responsibilities for the Christian training of the baptized child , and how these obligations may be fulfilled . '' Orthodox
Colonial history of the United States
When married , an English woman gave up her maiden name . The role of wives was to raise and nurture healthy children and support their husbands . Most women carried out these duties . During the 18th century , couples usually married between the ages of 20 - 24 , and 6 - 8 children were typical of a family , with three on average surviving to adulthood . Farm women provided most of the materials needed by the rest of the family by spinning yarn from wool and knitting sweaters and stockings , making candles and soap from ashes , and churning milk into butter . long
Book of Revelation
Doubts resurfaced during the Protestant Reformation . Martin Luther called it `` neither apostolic nor prophetic '' in the 1522 preface to his translation of the New Testament ( he revised his position with a much more favorable assessment in 1530 ) , and it was the only New Testament book on which John Calvin did not write a commentary . As of 2015 it remains the only New Testament work not read in the Divine Liturgy of the Eastern Orthodox Church , though Catholic and Protestant liturgies include it .
O Canada
English ( 1937 ) Edward Johnson singing the original lyrics penned by Weir French ( 1918 ) First and Fourth verses sung by the Quatuor Octave Pelletier Instrumental ( 1927 ) `` O Canada '' and the Royal Anthem , `` God Save the King '' , performed by Percival Price using carillon bell at the Peace Tower in Ottawa Instrumental ( 1916 ) An instrumental version of `` O Canada '' from 1916 . Instrumental ( early 2000s ) `` O Canada '' performed by the U.S. Third Marine Aircraft Wing Band in the early 2000s . Instrumental ( early 2000s ) `` O Canada '' performed by the United States Navy Band in the early 2000s . Problems playing these files ? See media help .
Child labour
Child labour is still common in many parts of the world . Estimates for child labour vary . It ranges between 250 and 304 million , if children aged 5 -- 17 involved in any economic activity are counted . If light occasional work is excluded , ILO estimates there were 153 million child labourers aged 5 -- 14 worldwide in 2008 . This is about 20 million less than ILO estimate for child labourers in 2004 . Some 60 percent of the child labour was involved in agricultural activities such as farming , dairy , fisheries and forestry . Another 25 percent of child labourers were in service activities such as retail , hawking goods , restaurants , load and transfer of goods , storage , picking and recycling trash , polishing shoes , domestic help , and other services . The remaining 15 percent laboured in assembly and manufacturing in informal economy , home - based enterprises , factories , mines , packaging salt , operating machinery , and such operations . Two out of three child workers work alongside their parents , in unpaid family work situations . Some children work as guides for tourists , sometimes combined with bringing in business for shops and restaurants . Child labour predominantly occurs in the rural areas ( 70 % ) and informal urban sector ( 26 % ) .
Tom Bombadil
Tolkien invented Tom Bombadil in memory of his children 's Dutch doll , and wrote light - hearted children 's poems about him , imagining him as a nature - spirit evocative of the English countryside .
An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture
Using the writings of the early Church Fathers , the Greek and Latin manuscripts and the testimony of the first versions of the Bible , Newton claims to have demonstrated that the words `` in heaven , the Father , the Word , and the Holy Ghost : and these three are one , '' that support the Trinity doctrine , did not appear in the original Greek Scriptures . He then attempts to demonstrate that the purportedly spurious reading crept into the Latin versions , first as a marginal note , and later into the text itself . He noted that `` the Æthiopic , Syriac , Arabic , Armenian , and Slavonic versions , still in use in the several Eastern nations , Ethiopia , Egypt , Syria , Mesopotamia , Armenia , Muscovy , and some others , are strangers to this reading '' . He argued that it was first taken into a Greek text in 1515 by Cardinal Ximenes on the strength of a late Greek manuscript ' corrected ' from the Latin . Finally , Newton considered the sense and context of the verse , concluding that removing the interpolation makes `` the sense plain and natural , and the argument full and strong ; but if you insert the testimony of ' the Three in Heaven ' you interrupt and spoil it . '' Today most versions of the Bible are from the Critical Text and omit this verse , or retain it as only a marginal reading .
Child labour
Percentage children working in England and Wales Census Year % Boys aged 10 -- 14 as child labour 1881 22.9 1891 26.0 1901 21.9 1911 18.3 Note : These are averages ; child labour in Lancashire was 80 % Source : Census of England and Wales
Salve Regina
( in the version used by Catholics in the United Kingdom and in the Anglo - Catholic version , the wording `` mourning and weeping in this vale of tears '' is used in the 5th line )
Trafficking of children
Preventative actions are more focused on addressing the actual practice of child trafficking , specifically by implementing legal frameworks that are aimed to both deter and prosecute traffickers . This involves the adoption and implementation of the International Labour Organization 's international labour standards , as well as the development of safe and legal migration practices .
The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)
`` The Twelve Days of Christmas '' ( Roud 68 ) is an English Christmas carol that enumerates in the manner of a cumulative song a series of increasingly grand gifts given on each of the twelve days of Christmas ( the twelve days that make up the Christmas season , starting with Christmas Day ) . The song , published in England in 1780 without music as a chant or rhyme , is thought to be French in origin . `` The Twelve Days of Christmas '' has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 68 . The tunes of collected versions vary . The standard tune now associated with it is derived from a 1909 arrangement of a traditional folk melody by English composer Frederic Austin , who first introduced the now familiar prolongation of the verse `` five gold rings '' .
Theory of mind
Another explanation of the relationship between language and theory of mind development has to do with a child 's understanding of mental state words such as `` think '' and `` believe '' . Since a mental state is not something that one can observe from behavior , children must learn the meanings of words denoting mental states from verbal explanations alone , requiring knowledge of the syntactic rules , semantic systems , and pragmatics of a language . Studies have shown that understanding of these mental state words predicts theory of mind in four - year - olds .
One-child policy
As the first generation of law - enforced only - children came of age for becoming parents themselves , one adult child was left with having to provide support for his or her two parents and four grandparents . Called the `` 4 - 2 - 1 Problem '' , this leaves the older generations with increased chances of dependency on retirement funds or charity in order to receive support . If personal savings , pensions , or state welfare fail , most senior citizens would be left entirely dependent upon their very small family or neighbours for assistance . If , for any reason , the single child is unable to care for their older adult relatives , the oldest generations would face a lack of resources and necessities . In response to such an issue , all provinces have decided that couples are allowed to have two children if both parents were only children themselves . By 2007 , all provinces in the nation except Henan had adopted this new policy ; Henan followed in 2011 .
Child labour
The United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990 , which was subsequently ratified by 193 countries . Article 32 of the convention addressed child labour , as follows :
Gospel of Mark
Events in Jerusalem Entering Jerusalem ( 11 : 1 -- 11 ) Cursing the fig tree ( 11 : 12 -- 14 , 20 - 24 ) Temple incident ( 11 : 15 -- 19 ) Prayer for forgiveness ( 11 : 25 -- 26 ) Authority questioned ( 11 : 27 -- 33 ) Wicked husbandman ( 12 : 1 -- 12 ) Render unto Caesar ... ( 12 : 13 -- 17 ) Resurrection of the Dead ( 12 : 18 -- 27 ) Great Commandment ( 12 : 28 -- 34 ) Is the Messiah the son of David ? ( 12 : 35 -- 40 ) Widow 's mite ( 12 : 41 -- 44 ) Olivet discourse ( 13 ) Plot to kill Jesus ( 14 : 1 -- 2 ) Anointing ( 14 : 3 -- 9 ) Bargain of Judas ( 14 : 10 -- 11 ) Last Supper ( 14 : 12 -- 26 ) Denial of Peter ( 14 : 27 -- 31 , 66 - 72 ) Agony in the Garden ( 14 : 32 -- 42 ) Kiss of Judas ( 14 : 43 -- 45 ) Arrest ( 14 : 46 -- 52 ) Before the High Priest ( 14 : 53 -- 65 ) Pilate 's court ( 15 : 1 -- 15 ) Soldiers mock Jesus ( 15 : 16 -- 20 ) Simon of Cyrene ( 15 : 21 ) Crucifixion ( 15 : 22 -- 41 ) Entombment ( 15 : 42 -- 47 ) Empty tomb ( 16 : 1 -- 8 ) The Longer Ending ( 16 : 9 -- 20 ) Resurrection appearances ( 16 : 9 -- 13 ) Great Commission ( 16 : 14 -- 18 ) Ascension ( 16 : 19 ) Dispersion of the Apostles ( 16 : 20 ) This box : view talk edit Page
Official bilingualism in Canada
French has been the only official language in Quebec since 1974 , when the Liberal government of Robert Bourassa enacted The Official Language Act ( better - known as `` Bill 22 '' ) . However , the province 's language law does provide for limited services in English . As well , the province is obliged , under Section 133 of the Constitution Act , 1867 , to allow the provincial legislature to operate in both French and English , and to allow all Quebec courts to operate in both languages . Section 23 of the Charter applies to Quebec , but to a more limited degree than in other provinces . Quebec is required to provide an education in English to all children whose Canadian citizen parents were educated in English in Canada , while all other provinces are required to provide an education in French to the children of Canadian citizen parents who either received their education in French in Canada or whose native tongue is French .
Theory of mind
Children diagnosed with specific language impairment ( SLI ) exhibit much lower scores on reading and writing sections of standardized tests , yet have a normal nonverbal IQ . These language deficits can be any specific deficits in lexical semantics , syntax , or pragmatics , or a combination of multiple problems . They often exhibit poorer social skills than normally developing children , and seem to have problems decoding beliefs in others . A recent meta - analysis confirmed that children with SLI have substantially lower scores on theory of mind tasks compared to typically developing children . This strengthens the claim that language development is related to theory of mind .
Jesus Christ Superstar
The remaining apostles fall asleep , and Jesus retreats to the Garden of Gethsemane to pray ( `` Gethsemane '' ) . He admits to God his doubts , fears , and anger ; that he is tired and has done all he can . He asks powerfully if any of it has meaning and implores God not let him suffer the horrible death that portends for him . He feels disillusioned with his quest as the Messiah , does not understand what it has achieved , and wishes to give up . Receiving no answer , Jesus realises that he can not defy God 's will , and surrenders to God . His prayer ends with a request that God take him immediately , `` before I change my mind . ''
Adam and Eve
In the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible , chapters one through five , there are two creation narratives with two distinct perspectives . In the first , Adam and Eve are not mentioned ( at least not mentioned by name ) . Instead , God created humankind in God 's image and instructed them to multiply and to be stewards over everything else that God had made . In the second narrative , God fashions Adam from dust and places him in the Garden of Eden . Adam is told that he can eat freely of all the trees in the garden , except for a tree of the knowledge of good and evil . Subsequently , Eve is created from one of Adam 's ribs to be Adam 's companion . They are innocent and unembarrassed about their nakedness . However , a serpent deceives Eve into eating fruit from the forbidden tree , and she gives some of the fruit to Adam . These acts give them additional knowledge , but it gives them the ability to conjure negative and destructive concepts such as shame and evil . God later curses the serpent and the ground . God prophetically tells the woman and the man what will be the consequences of their sin of disobeying God . Then he banishes them from the Garden of Eden .
Trafficking of children
A victim - centered human rights approach to combating trafficking has been internationally renowned as the best possible strategy when addressing this issue , with recourse focusing on punishing the exploiter and rehabilitating the child . Some countries who emphasize this method include the United States , with the U.S. Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 affirming `` victims of severe forms of trafficking should not be inappropriately incarcerated , fined , or otherwise penalized solely for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being trafficked . ''
Joan of Arc
At her trial , Joan stated that she was about nineteen years old , which implies she thought she was born around 1412 . She later testified that she experienced her first vision in 1425 at the age of 13 , when she was in her `` father 's garden '' and saw visions of figures she identified as Saint Michael , Saint Catherine , and Saint Margaret , who told her to drive out the English and bring the Dauphin to Reims for his coronation . She said she cried when they left , as they were so beautiful .