vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Iran hostage crisis
A second rescue attempt , planned but never carried out , would have used highly modified YMC - 130H Hercules aircraft . Three aircraft , outfitted with rocket thrusters to allow an extremely short landing and takeoff in the Shahid Shiroudi football stadium near the embassy , were modified under a rushed , super-secret program known as Operation Credible Sport . One crashed during a demonstration at Eglin Air Force Base on October 29 , 1980 , when its braking rockets were fired too soon . The misfire caused a hard touchdown that tore off the starboard wing and started a fire , but all on board survived . After Carter lost the presidential election in November , the project was abandoned .
Sound barrier
In the 1990s , Hans Guido Mutke claimed to have broken the sound barrier on 9 April 1945 in the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet aircraft . He states that his ASI pegged itself at 1,100 kilometres per hour ( 680 mph ) . Mutke reported not just transonic buffeting but the resumption of normal control once a certain speed was exceeded , then a resumption of severe buffeting once the Me 262 slowed again . He also reported engine flame out .
History of photography
Albertus Magnus ( 1193 / 1206 -- 80 ) discovered silver nitrate and noted that it could blacken skin . Silver nitrate would later be used as a light sensitive material in the photographic emulsion on photographic glass plates and film .
San Jose International Airport
April 7 , 1994 -- A FedEx pilot attacked other crew members using a hammer and spear guns on board a FedEx plane ( Flight 705 ) from Memphis and tried to crash the plane into FedEx headquarters . He was subdued and restrained and the plane landed safely . October 25 , 1999 -- San Jose Police Department McDonnell Douglas 500N helicopter N904PD lost control while entering the traffic pattern at SJC during a maintenance ferry flight . The helicopter crashed onto The Alameda , near highway 880 , killing a San Jose Police Officer / pilot , Desmond Casey , and the helicopter 's mechanic , who were on board . There were no reported damage or injuries on the ground . The NTSB determined that temporary repairs made in order to ferry the helicopter back to SJC , actually made the controllability problem that was intended to be solved , worse . Pilot manuals and training for the NOTAR ( no tail rotor ) helicopter did not provide adequate preparation for the pilot , who was experienced in conventional helicopters , to recover from a stuck thruster condition which occurred .
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Attack on Pearl Harbor Part of the Asia and the Pacific Theater of World War II Photograph of Battleship Row taken from a Japanese plane at the beginning of the attack . The explosion in the center is a torpedo strike on USS West Virginia . Two attacking Japanese planes can be seen : one over USS Neosho and one over the Naval Yard . Date December 7 , 1941 ; 75 years ago ( 1941 - 12 - 07 ) Location Primarily Pearl Harbor , Hawaii Territory , U.S. Result Major Japanese tactical victory ; precipitated the entrance of the United States into World War II See consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor Belligerents United States Imperial Japan Commanders and leaders ADM Husband E. Kimmel LTG Walter Short VADM Chūichi Nagumo ADM Isoroku Yamamoto CDR Mitsuo Fuchida Strength 8 battleships 8 cruisers 30 destroyers 4 submarines 1 USCG Cutter 49 other ships ≈ 390 aircraft Mobile Unit : 6 aircraft carriers 2 battleships 2 heavy cruisers 1 light cruiser 9 destroyers 8 tankers 23 fleet submarines 5 midget submarines 414 aircraft Casualties and losses 4 battleships sunk 4 battleships damaged 2 other ships sunk 3 cruisers damaged 3 destroyers damaged 3 other ships damaged 188 aircraft destroyed 159 aircraft damaged 2,335 killed 1,143 wounded 4 midget submarines sunk 1 midget submarine grounded 29 aircraft destroyed 64 killed 1 sailor captured Civilian casualties 68 killed 35 wounded 3 aircraft shot down
Norwich Airport
On 12th December 1973 a Dassault Falcon 20 of Fred . Olsen Airtransport suffered a bird strike on takeoff from Runway 27 . Both engines failed and the aircraft made an emergency landing in a field . All three crew members were injured but the passengers sustained no injuries . The aircraft was written off . On 25th October 1974 a Cessna 310 dived into the ground while on final approach , killing the pilot . The Cessna 's nose pitched down and the wings rolled over ; the loss of control was caused by the uncommanded retraction of the starboard flap , caused by the failure of the drive mechanism . On 04th May 2012 , a KLM Fokker 70 flying from Teesside to Amsterdam suffered an engine failure , causing the pilots to shut it down . The aircraft was diverted to Norwich , where at 11 : 05am it made an emergency landing , taxiing to an empty runway for an integrated emergency plan to be activated . All 45 people on board were unharmed . On 14th May 2014 a KLM Boeing 737 - 700 en route from Manchester to Amsterdam Schiphol reported an electrical fault and fumes in the cockpit . The aircraft was diverted to Norwich Airport , where the 114 passengers landed without incident . On 20th March 2016 , a fire broke out in the roof of one of the Air Livery and KLM UK Engineering hangars , containing two aircraft - a Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 - full of fuel at 9 : 43am . The fire was out twelve hours later , with no one hurt due to the rapid response of the fire service . On 26th November 2016 , KLM Flight 1511 reported smoke in the cockpit and declared an emergency two minutes before landing from Amsterdam . The Fokker 70 landed safely with none of the 54 people on board hurt .
Speed of light
Receiving light and other signals from distant astronomical sources can even take much longer . For example , it has taken 13 billion ( 13 × 10 ) years for light to travel to Earth from the faraway galaxies viewed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field images . Those photographs , taken today , capture images of the galaxies as they appeared 13 billion years ago , when the universe was less than a billion years old . The fact that more distant objects appear to be younger , due to the finite speed of light , allows astronomers to infer the evolution of stars , of galaxies , and of the universe itself .
Air Jordan
The Air Jordan XX2 / XXII shoe model , designed by D'Wayne Edwards , was released on March 24 , 2007 . The original retail price of the model was US $175 . The aggressive and sharp design was inspired by the F - 22 Raptor fighter jet . Some technical features of the shoe include an updated visible and interchangeable I.P.S. suspension system , a new metallic mesh for ventilation , the Air Jordan camouflage pattern printed in reflective 3M material , and an updated traction system , based on an army general 's stripes .
Red light camera
The argument that red light cameras violate the privacy of citizens , has also been addressed in the US courts . According to a 2009 ruling by the 7th US Circuit Court of Appeals , `` no one has a fundamental right to run a red light or avoid being seen by a camera on a public street . '' In addition , cameras only take photographs or video when a vehicle has run a red light and , in most states , the camera does not photograph the driver or the occupants of the vehicle .
It Takes a Village
The year 2017 saw efforts under way to render It Takes as a picture book .
Untitled Film Stills
Untitled Film Stills is a series of sixty - nine black and white photographs by American visual artist Cindy Sherman from 1977 - 1980 , which gained her international recognition . The artist poses in various stereotypical female roles inspired by 1950 's and 60 's Hollywood , Film noir , B movies , and European art - house films . They represent clichés or feminine types ( the office girl , bombshell , girl on the run , housewife , and so on ) `` that are deeply embedded in the cultural imagination . '' The character in all of these photographs are always looking away from the camera and outside of the frame . Sherman casts herself in each of these roles , becoming both the artist and subject in the work. The art historian Rosalind Krauss described this series as `` copies without originals '' . All of the images are untitled , as Sherman wanted to preserve their ambiguity . The numbers affiliated with individual works of art are assigned by her gallery , mainly as a cataloguing system . In December 1995 , The Museum of Modern Art ( MOMA ) acquired all sixty - nine black - and - white photographs in the series . In past exhibitions at MOMA , the photographs are neither hung chronologically , nor grouped according to theme , locale , or content . Modest in scale compared to Sherman 's later cibachrome photographs , they are all 8 1 / 2 by 11 inches , each displayed in identical , simple black frames . The glossy finish and scale are meant to reference publicity or promotion stills for a movie . In the essay The Making of Untitled , Cindy Sherman reflects on her beginnings with this series :
Mount Everest
At one o'clock in the afternoon , the British climber Peter Kinloch was on the roof of the world , in bright sunlight , taking photographs of the Himalayas below , `` elated , cheery and bubbly '' . But Mount Everest is now his grave , because only minutes later , he suddenly went blind and had to be abandoned to die from the cold . --
List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters
A family photograph of her , alongside her husband and infant daughter , was shown in `` The Kraang Conspiracy '' which had been kept by Jack Kurtzman .
Eiffel Tower
On two separate but related occasions in 1925 , the con artist Victor Lustig `` sold '' the tower for scrap metal . A year later , in February 1926 , pilot Leon Collet was killed trying to fly under the tower . His aircraft became entangled in an aerial belonging to a wireless station . A bust of Gustave Eiffel by Antoine Bourdelle was unveiled at the base of the north leg on 2 May 1929 . In 1930 , the tower lost the title of the world 's tallest structure when the Chrysler Building in New York City was completed . In 1938 , the decorative arcade around the first level was removed . American
Sound barrier
Although Concorde and the Tu - 144 were the first aircraft to carry commercial passengers at supersonic speeds , they were not the first or only commercial airliners to break the sound barrier . On 21 August 1961 , a Douglas DC - 8 broke the sound barrier at Mach 1.012 or 1,240 km / h ( 776.2 mph ) while in a controlled dive through 41,088 feet ( 12,510 m ) . The purpose of the flight was to collect data on a new leading - edge design for the wing . A China Airlines 747 may have broken the sound barrier in an unplanned descent from 41,000 ft ( 12,500 m ) to 9,500 ft ( 2,900 m ) after an in - flight upset on 19 February 1985 . It also reached over 5g .
Rwandan genocide
On 6 April 1994 , an aeroplane carrying Habyarimana and Burundian President Cyprien Ntaryamira was shot down on its descent into Kigali . At the time , the plane was in the airspace above Habyarimana 's house . One person survived but died soon after en route to the hospital . The assassination of Habyarimana ended the peace accords .
Jefferson Airplane
The group 's performing skills improved rapidly and they soon gained a strong following in and around San Francisco , aided by reviews from veteran music journalist Ralph J. Gleason , the jazz critic of the San Francisco Chronicle who , after seeing them at the Matrix in late 1965 , proclaimed them `` one of the best bands ever '' . Gleason 's support raised the band 's profile considerably , and within three months their manager Matthew Katz was fielding offers from recording companies , although they had yet to perform outside the Bay Area .
Missile gap
In January 1961 , McNamara , the new secretary of defense , and Roswell Gilpatric , a new deputy secretary , who strongly believed in the existence of a missile gap , personally examined photographs taken by Corona satellites . Although the Soviet R - 7 missile launchers were large and would be easy to spot in Corona photographs , they did not appear in any of them . In February , McNamara stated that there was no evidence of a large - scale Soviet effort to build ICBMs . More satellite overflights continued to find no evidence , and by September 1961 , a National Intelligence Estimate concluded that the USSR had no more than 25 ICBMs and would not possess more in the near future .
United States Postal Service
Processed mail is imaged by the Mail Isolation Control and Tracking ( MICT ) system to allow easier tracking of hazardous substances . Images are taken at more than 200 mail processing centers , and are destroyed after being retained for 30 days .
List of K.C. Undercover episodes
Zoe reveals that she is an agent for The Organization who was assigned to protect the family . The group gets into a vehicle to head to a safe location , but K.C. must take a detour through the jungle after learning that Sheena is following them . The next day , Sheena locates the group and incapacitates Ernie , Marisa and Zoe with a small device that electrocutes them . K.C. and Sheena prepare to battle . Special guest star : China Anne McClain as Sheena Guest stars : Francois Chau as Zane , Haley Tju as Zoe 53 `` Welcome to the Jungle '' Robbie Countryman Rob Lotterstein July 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 07 - 14 ) 303 1.06 During battle , K.C. tosses a Brazilian jumping spider on Sheena to paralyze her . Ernie , Marisa and Zoe regain consciousness and discover that K.C. has also been paralyzed by the spider . They leave Sheena behind and carry K.C. through the jungle . Zoe eventually makes an antidote for K.C. out of jungle vegetation and snake saliva . Meanwhile , Marisa is upset that today is school picture day and she is not there to have her picture taken . Marisa wanted a yearbook picture to remember the fact that she became a high school senior despite her poor grades . After wandering through the jungle , Craig , Kira and Judy find Sheena , who claims to be Zoe . They then find K.C. and the others . K.C. and Zoe apprehend Sheena , and Marisa and the Coopers later board a helicopter . During the flight , Zane reveals himself to be the pilot . Zane destroys the helicopter controls and parachutes out while the helicopter spirals out of control toward the ocean . Special guest star : China Anne McClain as Sheena Guest stars : Francois Chau as Zane , Haley Tju as Zoe 54 `` Out of the Water and into the Fire '' Robbie Countryman Rob Lotterstein July 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 07 - 14 ) TBA 1.20 K.C. manages to land the helicopter safely in the ocean , and Marisa and the Coopers are rescued by a nearby military ship .
Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
The photograph taken by Rosenthal was the second flag - raising on top of Mount Suribachi , on February 23 , 1945 . Play
Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima is an iconic photograph taken by Joe Rosenthal on February 23 , 1945 , which depicts six United States Marines raising a U.S. flag atop Mount Suribachi , during the Battle of Iwo Jima , in World War II .
Jupiter
In 2000 , the Cassini probe flew by Jupiter on its way to Saturn , and provided some of the highest - resolution images ever made of the planet .
Reba McEntire
While on tour for her 1990 album , McEntire lost eight members of her band ; ( Chris Austin , Kirk Cappello , Joey Cigainero , Paula Kaye Evans , Jim Hammon , Terry Jackson , Anthony Saputo , and Michael Thomas ) , plus pilot Donald Holmes and co-pilot Chris Hollinger , when their charter jet plane crashed near San Diego , California , in the early morning of March 16 , 1991 . The accident occurred after McEntire 's private performance for IBM executives the night before . The first plane was a Hawker Siddeley DH - 125 - 1A / 522 charter jet , believed to have taken off around 1 : 45 AM from the Brown Field Municipal Airport , located near the border of Mexico . After reaching an altitude of about 3,572 feet ( 1,089 m ) above sea level , the aircraft crashed on the side of Otay Mountain , located ten miles east of the airport , while the second plane ( carrying her other band members ) did not crash . The accident was believed to have occurred due to poor visibility near the mountain , which was not considered `` prohibitive '' for flying . The news was reported nearly immediately to McEntire and her husband , who were sleeping at a nearby hotel . A spokeswoman for McEntire at the time stated in the Los Angeles Times that `` she was very close to all of them . Some of them had been with her for years . Reba is totally devastated by this . It 's like losing part of your family . Right now she just wants to get back to Nashville . ''
White House
The White House as it looked following the conflagration of August 24 , 1814 Jefferson and Latrobe 's West Wing Colonnade , in this nineteenth - century engraved view , is now the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room . Principal story plan for the white house by Benjamin Henry Latrobe , 1807 . Earliest known photograph of the White House , taken c. 1846 by John Plumbe during the administration of James K. Polk .
Boeing B-29 Superfortress
Soviet Air Forces ( three USAAF B - 29s made emergency landings in the USSR during WWII , and were never returned ; they were reverse - engineered to make the Soviet Tupolev Tu - 4 `` Bull '' bomber . )
Rainbow
From above the earth such as in an aeroplane , it is sometimes possible to see a rainbow as a full circle . This phenomenon can be confused with the glory phenomenon , but a glory is usually much smaller , covering only 5 -- 20 ° .
Lundy
The second was on 1 April when the pilot was killed and the other crew members were taken prisoner . This plane had bombed a British ship and one engine was damaged by anti aircraft fire , forcing it to crash land . A few remains can be found on the crash site . Reportedly to avoid reprisals the crew concocted a story that they were on a reconnaissance mission .
Joseph McCarthy
He later falsely claimed participation in 32 aerial missions in order to qualify for a Distinguished Flying Cross and multiple awards of the Air Medal , which the Marine Corps chain of command decided to approve in 1952 because of his political influence . McCarthy also publicized a letter of commendation which he claimed had been signed by his commanding officer and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz , then Chief of Naval Operations . However , his commander revealed that McCarthy had written this letter himself , probably while preparing award citations and commendation letters as an additional duty , and that he signed his commander 's name , after which Nimitz signed it in the process of signing numerous other such letters . A `` war wound '' -- a badly broken leg -- that McCarthy made the subject of varying stories involving airplane crashes or anti-aircraft fire had in fact happened aboard ship during a raucous celebration for sailors crossing the equator for the first time . Because of McCarthy 's various lies about his military heroism , his `` Tail - Gunner Joe '' nickname was sarcastically used as a term of mockery by his critics .
Edward O'Hare
With his ammunition expended , O'Hare returned to his carrier , and was fired on accidentally but with no effect by a . 50 - caliber machine gun from the Lexington . O'Hare's fighter had , in fact , been hit by only one bullet during his flight , the single bullet hole in F - 15 's port wing disabling the airspeed indicator . According to Thach , Butch then approached the gun platform to calmly say to the embarrassed anti-aircraft gunner who had fired at him , `` Son , if you do n't stop shooting at me when I 've got my wheels down , I 'm going to have to report you to the gunnery officer . ''
Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
The highly recognizable image is one of the most parodied photographs in history . Anti-war activists in the 1960s altered the flag to bear a peace symbol , as well as several anti-establishment artworks . Edward Kienholz 's Portable War Memorial in 1968 depicted faceless Marines raising the flag on an outdoor picnic table in a typical American consumerist environment of the 1960s . It was parodied again during the Iran hostage crisis of 1979 to depict the flag being planted into Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini 's behind . In the early 2000s , to represent gay pride , photographer Ed Freeman shot a photograph for the cover of an issue of Frontiers magazine , reenacting the scene with a rainbow flag instead of an American flag. Time magazine came under fire in 2008 after altering the image for use on its cover , replacing the American flag with a tree for an issue focused on global warming . The British Airlines Stewards and Stewardesses Association likewise came under criticism in 2010 for a poster depicting employees raising a flag marked `` BASSA '' at the edge of a runway .
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
Photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs , which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from CO and water using energy from light . However , not all organisms that use light as a source of energy carry out photosynthesis , since photoheterotrophs use organic compounds , rather than CO , as a source of carbon . In plants , algae and cyanobacteria , photosynthesis releases oxygen . This is called oxygenic photosynthesis . Although there are some differences between oxygenic photosynthesis in plants , algae , and cyanobacteria , the overall process is quite similar in these organisms . However , there are some types of bacteria that carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis , which consumes CO but does not release oxygen .
Kim Jong-un
The Laboratory of Anatomic Anthropology at the University of Lyon , France , after comparing the picture of the boy Pak - un taken at the Liebefeld Steinhölzli school in 1999 with a picture of Kim Jong - un from 2012 came to the conclusion that the two faces show a conformity of 95 % . The head of the institute , Raoul Perrot , a forensic anthropologist , considers it most likely that the two pictures show the same person .
Adobe Photoshop
Photoshop and derivatives such as Photoshopped ( or just Shopped ) have become verbs that are sometimes used to refer to images edited by Photoshop , or any image manipulating program . Such derivatives are discouraged by Adobe because , in order to maintain validity and protect the trademark from becoming generic , trademarks must be used as proper nouns . A
Guardians of the Galaxy (film)
Director of photography Ben Davis used Arri Alexa XT cameras for the film , saying , `` I 'm traditionally a photochemical fan , but going with the digital format was the right way for this movie ... the Alexa ( provided ) the right look for this particular film . '' During the opening scenes in the 1980s , Davis chose JDC Cooke Xtal ( Crystal ) Express anamorphic prime lenses because they `` had more anamorphic artifacts and aberrations , which ( he ) felt added something . '' Davis used spherical Panavision Primos for the rest of the film . Additionally , Davis worked closely with production designer Charles Wood in order to achieve the correct lighting looks for each scene . Dealing with two fully CGI characters forced Davis to shoot scenes multiple times , usually once with the references for the characters and once without them in the shot .
Agent Orange
The VA denied the applications of post-Vietnam C - 123 aircrew veterans because as veterans without `` boots on the ground '' service in Vietnam , they were not covered under VA 's interpretation of `` exposed '' . At the request of the VA , the Institute Of Medicine evaluated whether or not service in these C - 123 aircraft could have plausibly exposed soldiers and been detrimental to their health . Their report `` Post-Vietnam Dioxin Exposure in Agent Orange - Contaminated C - 123 Aircraft '' confirmed it . In June 2015 the Secretary of Veterans Affairs issued an Interim final rule providing presumptive service connection for post-Vietnam C - 123 aircrews , maintenance staff and aeromedical evacuation crews . VA now provides medical care and disability compensation for the recognized list of Agent Orange illnesses .