vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War ( 1807 -- 1814 ) was a military conflict between Napoleon 's empire and the allied powers of the Spanish Empire , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Portugal , for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars . The war started when French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807 , and escalated in 1808 when France turned on Spain , previously its ally . The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in 1814 , and is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation , significant for the emergence of large - scale guerrilla warfare .
Peloponnesian War
The Peloponnesian War ( 431 -- 404 BC ) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta . Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases . In the first phase , the Archidamian War , Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica , while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire . This period of the war was concluded in 421 BC , with the signing of the Peace of Nicias . That treaty , however , was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese . In 415 BC , Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse in Sicily ; the attack failed disastrously , with the destruction of the entire force , in 413 BC . This ushered in the final phase of the war , generally referred to either as the Decelean War , or the Ionian War . In this phase , Sparta , now receiving support from Persia , supported rebellions in Athens ' subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia , undermining Athens ' empire , and , eventually , depriving the city of naval supremacy . The destruction of Athens ' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the war , and Athens surrendered in the following year . Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved , but Sparta refused .
War for the Planet of the Apes
Two years after the U.S. military was called to fight off an increasingly intelligent and dangerous tribe of apes , starting a devastating war between the two species , the apes ' clan , led by the chimpanzee Caesar , are attacked in the woods by a rogue paramilitary faction known as Alpha - Omega , led by a mysterious Colonel . Alpha - Omega has in its service apes ( called `` donkeys '' ) that had previously followed Koba , a maniacal , human - hating bonobo who led a failed coup against Caesar and started the war after leading a vengeful attack against human survivors in San Francisco .
French and Indian War
The conflict is known by multiple names . In British America , wars were often named after the sitting British monarch , such as King William 's War or Queen Anne 's War . There had already been a King George 's War in the 1740s during King George 's reign , so British colonists named this conflict after their opponents and it became known as the French and Indian War . This traditional name continues as the standard in the United States , but it obscures the fact that Indians fought on both sides of the conflict and that this was part of the Seven Years ' War , a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain . American historians generally use the traditional name or sometimes the Seven Years ' War . Less frequently used names for the war include the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire .
Kargil War
The Kargil War ( Hindi : करगिल युद्ध , kargil yuddh , Urdu : کرگل جنگ ‬ ‎ kargil jang ) , also known as the Kargil conflict , was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control ( LOC ) . In India , the conflict is also referred to as Operation Vijay ( Hindi : विजय , literally `` Victory '' ) which was the name of the Indian operation to clear the Kargil sector .
American Indian Wars
The series of conflicts in the western United States between Native Americans , American settlers , and the United States Army are generally known as the Indian Wars . Many of the most well - known of these conflicts occurred during and after the Civil War until the closing of the frontier in about 1890 . However regions of the West that were settled before the Civil War , such as Texas , New Mexico , Utah , Oregon , California and Washington , saw significant conflicts prior to 1860 .
Punic Wars
In 149 BC , in an attempt to draw Carthage into open conflict , Rome made a series of escalating demands , one being the surrender of three hundred children of the nobility as hostages , and finally ending with the near - impossible demand that the city be demolished and rebuilt away from the coast , deeper into Africa . When the Carthaginians refused this last demand , Rome declared the Third Punic War . Having previously relied on mercenaries to fight their wars for them , the Carthaginians were now forced into a more active role in the defense of their city . They made thousands of makeshift weapons in a short time , even using women 's hair for catapult strings , and were able to hold off the initial Roman attack . A second offensive under the command of Scipio Aemilianus resulted in a three - year siege before he breached the walls , sacked the city , and systematically burned Carthage to the ground in 146 BC . When the war ended , the remaining 50,000 Carthaginians , a small part of the original pre-war population , were sold into slavery by the victors -- the normal fate in antiquity of inhabitants of sacked cities . Carthage was systematically burned for 17 days ; the city 's walls and buildings were utterly destroyed . The remaining Carthaginian territories were annexed by Rome and reconstituted to become the Roman province of Africa .
World War I
In the introduction to his book , Waterloo in 100 Objects , historian Gareth Glover states : `` This opening statement will cause some bewilderment to many who have grown up with the appellation of the Great War firmly applied to the 1914 -- 18 First World War . But to anyone living before 1918 , the title of the Great War was applied to the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars in which Britain fought France almost continuously for twenty - two years from 1793 to 1815 . '' In 1911 , the historian John Holland Rose published a book titled William Pitt and the Great War .
Punic Wars
However , the corvus was also cumbersome and dangerous , and was eventually phased out as the Roman navy became more experienced and tactically proficient . Save for the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Tunis in Africa , and the early naval defeats , the First Punic War was a nearly unbroken string of Roman victories . In 241 BC , Carthage signed a peace treaty under the terms of which they evacuated Sicily and paid Rome a large war indemnity . The long war was costly to both powers , but Carthage was more seriously destabilized .
Black Hills
The conflict over control of the region sparked the Black Hills War ( 1876 ) , also known as the Great Sioux War , the last major Indian War on the Great Plains . Following the defeat of the Lakota and their Cheyenne and Arapaho allies in 1876 , the United States took control of the Black Hills and another strip of land , in violation of the Treaty of Fort Laramie . The Lakota never accepted the validity of the US appropriation in 1877 . They have continued to try to reclaim the property and filed a suit against the federal government .
Napoleon
The Russians eventually offered battle outside Moscow on 7 September : the Battle of Borodino resulted in approximately 44,000 Russian and 35,000 French dead , wounded or captured , and may have been the bloodiest day of battle in history up to that point in time . Although the French had won , the Russian army had accepted , and withstood , the major battle Napoleon had hoped would be decisive . Napoleon 's own account was : `` The most terrible of all my battles was the one before Moscow . The French showed themselves to be worthy of victory , but the Russians showed themselves worthy of being invincible '' .
Punic Wars
The Third Punic War ( 149 -- 146 BC ) involved an extended siege of Carthage , ending in the city 's thorough destruction . The resurgence of the struggle can be explained by growing anti-Roman agitations in Hispania and Greece , and the visible improvement of Carthaginian wealth and martial power in the fifty years since the Second War .
American Indian Wars
In 1875 , the Great Sioux War of 1876 -- 77 , the last serious Sioux war erupted , when the Dakota gold rush penetrated the Black Hills . The U.S. Government decided to stop evicting trespassers from the Black Hills , and offered to buy the land from the Sioux . When they refused , the Government decided instead to take the land , and gave the Lakota until January 31 , 1876 to return to reservations . With the deadline 's passing , the tribes were absent from the reservations , and military action commenced . After several indecisive encounters , Lt. Colonel George Custer found the main encampment of the Lakota and their allies at the Battle of the Little Bighorn . Custer and his men -- who were separated from their main body of troops -- were all killed by the far more numerous Indians who had the tactical advantage . They were led in the field by Crazy Horse and inspired by Sitting Bull 's earlier vision of victory . The defeat of Custer and his troopers as a popularized episode in the history of western Indian warfare was fostered by an advertising campaign by the Anheuser - Busch brewery . The enterprising company ordered reprints of a dramatic painting that depicted `` Custer 's Last Fight '' and had them framed and hung in many American saloons , helping to create lasting impressions of the battle and the brewery 's products in the minds of bar patrons . Mass
Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day
Danny Tamberelli as Alexander ( speaking voice ) Todd Defreitas as Alexander ( singing voice ) Joey Rigel as Nick Devon Michaels as Anthony Linda Wallem as Mom Steve Barton as Dad Stephanie Maddin as Mrs. Dickens William Bogert as Dr. Fields Skip Hinnant as Shoe Salesman Ashley Carin as Classmate # 1 Erin Torpey as Classmate # 2 Buddy Smith as Classmate # 3 Daniel Riefsnyder as Classmate # 4 Z . Wright as Classmate # 5
Penny dreadful
Penny dreadfuls were cheap popular serial literature produced during the nineteenth century in the United Kingdom . The pejorative term is roughly interchangeable with penny horrible , penny awful , and penny blood . The term typically referred to a story published in weekly parts , each costing one penny . The subject matter of these stories was typically sensational , focusing on the exploits of detectives , criminals , or supernatural entities . While the term `` penny dreadful '' was originally used in reference to a specific type of literature circulating in mid-Victorian Britain , it came to encompass a variety of publications that featured cheap sensational fiction , such as story papers and booklet `` libraries '' . The penny dreadfuls were printed on cheap wood pulp paper and were aimed at young working class men .
Stanley Kubrick's unrealized projects
... one of the attractions of a war or crime story is that it provides an almost unique opportunity to contrast an individual of our contemporary society with a solid framework of accepted value , which the audience becomes fully aware of , and which can be used as a counterpoint to a human , individual , emotional situation . Further , war acts as a kind of hothouse for forced , quick breeding of attitudes and feelings . Attitudes crystallize and come out into the open .
Modern history
The French and Indian Wars were a series of conflicts in North America that represented the actions there that accompanied the European dynastic wars . In Quebec , the wars are generally referred to as the Intercolonial Wars . While some conflicts involved Spanish and Dutch forces , all pitted Great Britain , its colonies and American Indian allies on one side and France , its colonies and Indian allies on the other .
Ancient Greece
The Lelantine War ( c. 710 -- c. 650 BC ) is the earliest documented war of the ancient Greek period . It was fought between the important poleis ( city - states ) of Chalcis and Eretria over the fertile Lelantine plain of Euboea . Both cities seem to have suffered a decline as result of the long war , though Chalcis was the nominal victor .
Red River War
The destruction of the buffalo herds was a disaster for the Plains Indians , on and off the reservations . The entire nomadic way of life had been based around the animals . They were used for food , fuel , and construction materials . Without abundant buffalo , the southern Plains Indians had no means of self - support .
American Indian Wars
For the Americans the American Revolutionary War was essentially two parallel wars : while the war in the east was a struggle against British rule , the war in the west was an `` Indian War '' . The newly proclaimed United States competed with the British for control of the territory of Native American nations east of the Mississippi River . Some Native Americans who joined the struggle sided with the British , as they hoped to win the opportunity to reduce settlement and expansion onto their land . The Revolutionary War was `` the most extensive and destructive '' Indian war in United States history .
Foreign policy of the United States
Niall Ferguson argues that the U.S. is incorrectly blamed for all the human rights violations in nations they have supported . He writes that it is generally agreed that Guatemala was the worst of the US - backed regimes during the Cold War . However , the U.S. can not credibly be blamed for all the 200,000 deaths during the long Guatemalan Civil War . The U.S. Intelligence Oversight Board writes that military aid was cut for long periods because of such violations , that the U.S. helped stop a coup in 1993 , and that efforts were made to improve the conduct of the security services . Bahraini
War of the Austrian Succession
Sporadic manifestations of hostility between the French and British took place in different seas , but avowed war did not begin until the French government issued its declaration of 30 March , to which Great Britain replied on 31 March . This formality had been preceded by French preparations for the invasion of England , and by the Battle of Toulon between the British and a Franco - Spanish fleet . On 11 February , a most confused battle was fought , in which the van and centre of the British fleet was engaged with the Spanish rear and centre of the allies . Lestock , who was on the worst possible terms with his superior , took no part in the action . Mathews fought with spirit but in a disorderly way , breaking the formation of his fleet , and showing no power of direction , while Navarro 's smaller fleet retained cohesion and fought off the energetic but confused attacks of its larger enemy until the arrival of the French fleet forced the heavily damaged British fleet to withdraw . The Spanish fleet then sailed to Italy where it delivered a fresh army and supplies that had a decisive impact upon the war . The mismanagement of the British fleet in the battle , by arousing deep anger among the people , led to a drastic reform of the British navy .
War of the Austrian Succession
War on Spain was declared by Great Britain on 23 October 1739 , which has become known as the War of Jenkins ' Ear . A plan was laid for combined operations against the Spanish colonies from east and west . One force , military and naval , was to assault them from the West Indies under Admiral Edward Vernon . Another , to be commanded by Commodore George Anson , afterwards Lord Anson , was to round Cape Horn and to fall upon the Pacific coast of Latin America . Delays , bad preparations , dockyard corruption , and the squabbles of the naval and military officers concerned caused the failure of a hopeful scheme . On 21 November 1739 , Admiral Vernon did , however , succeed in capturing the ill - defended Spanish harbour of Porto Bello in present - day Panama . When Vernon had been joined by Sir Chaloner Ogle with massive naval reinforcements and a strong body of troops , an attack was made on Cartagena in what is now Colombia ( 9 March -- 24 April 1741 ) . The delay had given the Spanish under Sebastián de Eslava and Blas de Lezo time to prepare . After two months of skilful defence by the Spanish , the British attack finally succumbed to a massive outbreak of disease and withdrew having suffered a dreadful loss of lives and ships .
Punic Wars
The First Punic War ( 264 -- 241 BC ) was fought partly on land in Sicily and Africa , but was largely a naval war . It began as a local conflict in Sicily between Hiero II of Syracuse and the Mamertines of Messina . The Mamertines enlisted the aid of the Carthaginian navy , and subsequently betrayed them by entreating the Roman Senate for aid against Carthage . The Romans sent a garrison to secure Messina , so the outraged Carthaginians then lent aid to Syracuse . Tensions quickly escalated into a full - scale war between Carthage and Rome for the control of Sicily .
Peninsular War
Exposing the limitations of eighteenth - century enlightened absolutism , the war dealt a blow to both the Church and the nobility . The Church had suffered great losses -- one third of the clergy may have died in the struggle -- and it had also been stripped of much of its property , and desamortización , hostility to the tithes and the demands of the French and the Patriots for funds had left it without resources .
War of 1812
The Great Lakes and the Canadian frontier At sea , principally the Atlantic Ocean and the east coast of North America The Southern states and southwestern territories
God of War (2005 video game)
Kratos enters the Desert of Lost Souls , and Athena tells him Pandora 's Box is hidden in a temple chained to the back of the Titan Cronos -- a punishment by Zeus for Cronos ' role in the Great War . Kratos summons Cronos , climbs for three days before reaching the Temple entrance , overcomes an array of deadly traps and an army of monsters , and eventually finds the Box . But Ares , aware of his former servant 's success , kills Kratos as the latter is leaving the Temple . While harpies take the Box to Ares , Kratos falls into the Underworld . He battles his way through the fiery realm , and with help from the mysterious gravedigger , who tells him Athena is not the only god watching over him , he escapes and returns to Athens .
Midwestern United States
The so - called `` Border War '' lasted for another four months , from May through October , between armed bands of pro ‐ slavery and Free Soil men . The U.S. Army had two garrisons in Kansas , the First Cavalry Regiment at Fort Leavenworth and the Second Dragoons and Sixth Infantry at Fort Riley . The skirmishes endured until a new governor , John W. Geary , managed to prevail upon the Missourians to return home in late 1856 . A fragile peace followed , but violent outbreaks continued intermittently for several more years .
Kargil War
During the winter of 1998 -- 1999 , some elements of the Pakistani Armed Forces were covertly training and sending Pakistani troops and paramilitary forces , some allegedly in the guise of mujahideen , into territory on the Indian side of the LOC . The infiltration was codenamed `` Operation Badr '' ; its aim was to sever the link between Kashmir and Ladakh , and cause Indian forces to withdraw from the Siachen Glacier , thus forcing India to negotiate a settlement of the broader Kashmir dispute . Pakistan also believed that any tension in the region would internationalise the Kashmir issue , helping it to secure a speedy resolution . Yet another goal may have been to boost the morale of the decade - long rebellion in Indian Administered Kashmir by taking a proactive role .
God of War (2005 video game)
( show ) Track listing No . Title Music Length 1 . `` Escape from Madness '' Gerard Marino 0 : 38 2 . `` The Vengeful Spartan '' Marino 1 : 21 3 . `` Kratos and the Sea '' Marino 2 : 21 4 . `` Have Faith '' Marino 1 : 21 5 . `` The Splendor of Athens '' Mike Reagan 2 : 09 6 . `` This City Will Be Your Grave '' Marino 0 : 24 7 . `` Ares Destroys Athens '' Reagan 1 : 13 8 . `` Mind the Cyclops '' Reagan 2 : 09 9 . `` Athenian Battle '' Reagan 3 : 07 10 . `` Exploring the Ruins '' Winifred Phillips 2 : 02 11 . `` Athens Rooftops Fighting '' Marino 2 : 39 12 . `` Save the Oracle Challenge '' Marino 1 : 35 13 . `` Kratos ' Evil Past '' Marino 2 : 01 14 . `` Too Late '' Marino 1 : 58 15 . `` The Great Sword Bridge of Athena '' Marino 2 : 17 16 . `` What the Oracle Spoke '' Marino 1 : 09 17 . `` The Story of Cronos '' Marino 1 : 17 18 . `` Battle the Lethal Sirens '' Reagan 2 : 28 19 . `` The Temple of Pandora '' Ron Fish 0 : 36 20 . `` Pandoran Cyclopes Attack '' Fish 1 : 42 21 . `` The Architect 's Mysteries '' Fish 2 : 00 22 . `` Zeus ' Wrath Divine '' Cris Velasco 3 : 04 23 . `` The Underwater World of Poseidon '' Phillips 3 : 04 24 . `` Minotaur Boss Battle '' Velasco 1 : 57 25 . `` Burning Visions '' Fish 1 : 15 26 . `` Pandora 's Box '' Phillips 1 : 00 27 . `` Hades , God of the Underworld '' Velasco 1 : 13 28 . `` The Fury of Ares '' Fish 1 : 26 29 . `` Duel With Ares '' Reagan , Velasco 2 : 26 30 . `` Enthroned on Mount Olympus '' Phillips 1 : 57 31 . `` God of War End Title '' Marino 5 : 06 Total length : 58 : 55
French and Indian War
The name French and Indian War is used mainly in the United States . It refers to the two main enemies of the British colonists : the royal French forces and the various American Indian forces allied with them . The British colonists were supported at various times by the Iroquois , Catawba , and Cherokee , and the French colonists were supported by Wabanaki Confederacy members Abenaki and Mi'kmaq , and Algonquin , Lenape , Ojibwa , Ottawa , Shawnee , and Wyandot .
Balkan Wars
This alliance between Greece , Serbia , Bulgaria , and Montenegro became known as the Balkan League ; its existence was undesirable for all the Great Powers . The League was loose at best , though secret liaison officers were exchanged between the Greek and the Serbian army after the war began . Greece delayed the start of the war several times in the summer of 1912 , to better prepare her navy , but Montenegro declared war on 8 October ( 25 September O.S. ) . Following an ultimatum to the Ottoman Empire , the remaining members of the alliance entered the conflict on 17 October .
Red River War
Except for its unusually large size , the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was typical of the war . Most encounters produced few or no casualties , but the Indians could not afford the constant loss of food and mounts . Even if it escaped immediate danger , an Indian band that found itself on foot and out of food generally had no choice but to give up and head for the reservation .
Military history of the United States
`` Banana Wars '' is an informal term for the minor intervention in Latin America from 1898 until 1934 . These include military presence in Cuba , Panama with the Panama Canal Zone , Haiti ( 1915 -- 1935 ) , Dominican Republic ( 1916 -- 1924 ) and Nicaragua ( 1912 -- 1925 ) & ( 1926 -- 1933 ) . The U.S. Marine Corps began to specialize in long - term military occupation of these countries , primarily to safeguard customs revenues which were the cause of local civil wars .