vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Kuiper belt
The classical Kuiper belt appears to be a composite of two separate populations . The first , known as the `` dynamically cold '' population , has orbits much like the planets ; nearly circular , with an orbital eccentricity of less than 0.1 , and with relatively low inclinations up to about 10 ° ( they lie close to the plane of the Solar System rather than at an angle ) . The cold population also contain a concentration of objects , referred to as the kernel , with semi-major axes at 44 -- 44.5 AU . The second , the `` dynamically hot '' population , has orbits much more inclined to the ecliptic , by up to 30 ° . The two populations have been named this way not because of any major difference in temperature , but from analogy to particles in a gas , which increase their relative velocity as they become heated up . Not only are the two populations in different orbits , the cold population also differs in color and albedo , being redder and brighter , has a larger fraction of binary objects , has a different size distribution , and lacks very large objects . The difference in colors may be a reflection of different compositions , which suggests they formed in different regions . The hot population is proposed to have formed near Neptune 's original orbit and to have been scattered out during the migration of the giant planets . The cold population , on the other hand , has been proposed to have formed more or less in its current position because the loose binaries would be unlikely to survive encounters with Neptune . Although the Nice model appears to be able to at least partially explain a compositional difference , it has also been suggested the color difference may reflect differences in surface evolution .
Hot air balloon
During the manufacturing process , the material is cut into panels and sewn together , along with structural load tapes that carry the weight of the gondola or basket . The individual sections , which extend from the throat to the crown ( top ) of the envelope , are known as gores or gore sections . Envelopes can have as few as 4 gores or as many as 24 or more .
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Philip Nel highlighted the influence of Jane Austen , whom Rowling has greatly admired since the age of twelve . Both novelists encourage re-reading , because details that look insignificant foreshadow important events or characters much later in the story - line -- for example Sirius Black is briefly mentioned near the beginning of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , and then becomes a major character in the third to fifth books . Like Austen 's heroines , Harry often has to re-examine his ideas near the ends of books . Some social behaviour in the Harry Potter books is remininiscent of Austen , for example the excited communal reading of letters . Both authors satirise social behaviour and give characters names that express their personalities . However in Nel 's opinion Rowling 's humour is more based on caricature and the names she invents are more like those found in Charles Dickens 's stories , and Amanda Cockrell noted that many of these express their owners ' traits through allusions that run from ancient Roman mythology to eighteenth - century German literature . Rowling , like the Narnia series ' author C.S. Lewis , thinks there is no rigid distinction between stories for children and for adults . Nel also noted that , like many good writers for children , Rowling combines literary genres ‍ -- ‌ fantasy , young adult fiction , boarding school stories , Bildungsroman and many others .
Savannah, Georgia
Savannah is prone to flooding . Five canals and several pumping stations have been built to help reduce the effects : Fell Street Canal , Pipe Makers Canal , Kayton Canal , Springfield Canal and Casey Canal , the first four draining north into the Savannah River and the last , the Casey , draining south into the Vernon River .
Field-effect transistor
source ( S ) , through which the carriers enter the channel . Conventionally , current entering the channel at S is designated by I . drain ( D ) , through which the carriers leave the channel . Conventionally , current entering the channel at D is designated by I. Drain - to - source voltage is V . gate ( G ) , the terminal that modulates the channel conductivity . By applying voltage to G , one can control I .
Pantheon, Rome
The interior of the dome was possibly intended to symbolize the arched vault of the heavens . The oculus at the dome 's apex and the entry door are the only natural sources of light in the interior . Throughout the day , the light from the oculus moves around this space in a reverse sundial effect . The oculus also serves as a cooling and ventilation method . During storms , a drainage system below the floor handles the rain that falls through the oculus .
Florida City, Florida
Long Slough was a slow flowing body of water that originated in the Everglades just south of the Miami Homestead General Aviation Airport . As canals were constructed in the 1900s , and especially the 1960s , the slough was drained and became a low valley in the limestone ridge . Roadways ( such as Redland Road near West Homestead Elementary School , NW 6th Avenue north of Davis Parkway , and NW 3rd Avenue about fifty feet north of NW 3rd Street ) had culverts constructed under them to allow water to pass through the slough . NW 4th Street east of NW 5th Avenue dead ended near the approximate location where a fictional NW 4th Avenue would intersect that street . During the late 1980s the street was constructed to reach NW 3rd Avenue since water in the slough had been drained away . Eventually fill was added to the slough and it was destroyed .
Chernobyl disaster
The bubbler pool could be drained by opening its sluice gates . However , the valves controlling it were underwater , located in a flooded corridor in the basement . So volunteers in wetsuits and respirators ( for protection against radioactive aerosols ) and equipped with dosimeters , entered the knee - deep radioactive water and managed to open the valves . These were the engineers Alexei Ananenko and Valeri Bezpalov ( who knew where the valves were ) , accompanied by the shift supervisor Boris Baranov . Upon succeeding and emerging from the water , according to many English language news articles , books and the prominent BBC docudrama Surviving Disaster -- Chernobyl Nuclear , the three knew it was a suicide - mission and began suffering from radiation sickness and died soon after . Some sources also incorrectly claimed that they died there in the plant . However , research by Andrew Leatherbarrow , author of the 2016 book Chernobyl 01 : 23 : 40 , determined that the frequently recounted story is a gross exaggeration . Alexei Ananenko continues to work in the nuclear energy industry , and rebuffs the growth of the Chernobyl media sensationalism surrounding him . While Valeri Bezpalov was found to still be alive by Leatherbarrow , the 65 - year - old Baranov had lived until 2005 and had died of heart failure .
Hurricane Irma
Along much of the Gulf Coast of Florida , to the north of where Irma made landfall , negative storm surges were observed , with water retracting rather than pushing inland , causing little coastal flooding . However , on the opposite coast , extensive erosion and storm surge flooding occurred in the First Coast , especially in Duval and St. Johns counties . In Duval County , the St. Johns River crested at heights that exceeded records set during Hurricane Dora in 1964 . Portions of Jacksonville experienced flooding , particularly the downtown area and the Riverside and San Marco neighborhoods , with about 350 people rescued in those sections of the city . Water reached about 5 ft ( 1.5 m ) high in some homes . The city of Jacksonville suffered about $85 million in damage .
Thunderstorm
Thunderstorms , evidenced by flashes of lightning , on Jupiter have been detected and are associated with clouds where water may exist as both a liquid and ice , suggesting that a similar mechanism may act as on Earth . ( Water is a polar molecule that can carry a charge , so it is capable of creating the charge separation needed to produce lightning . ) These electrical discharges can be up to a thousand times as powerful as lightning on the Earth . The water clouds can form thunderstorms driven by the heat rising from the interior . The clouds of Venus may also be capable of producing lightning ; some observations suggest that the lightning rate is at least half of that on Earth .
Water buffalo
Water buffalo are also present in the southern region of Iraq in the Mesopotamian Marshes . The draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes by Saddam Hussein was an attempt to punish the south for the 1991 uprisings in Iraq . After 2003 and the Firdos Square statue destruction , these lands were reflooded and a 2007 report on Maysan and Dhi Qar shows a steady increase in the number of water buffalo . The report puts the number at 40,008 head in those two provinces .
Arctic Ocean
This water is met by Greenland Sea Deep Water , which forms during the passage of winter storms . As temperatures cool dramatically in the winter , ice forms and intense vertical convection allows the water to become dense enough to sink below the warm saline water below . Arctic Bottom Water is critically important because of its outflow , which contributes to the formation of Atlantic Deep Water . The overturning of this water plays a key role in global circulation and the moderation of climate .
Hurricane Katrina
The storm caused oil spills from 44 facilities throughout southeastern Louisiana , which resulted in over 7 million US gallons ( 26,000 m ) of oil being leaked . Some spills were only a few hundred gallons and most were contained on - site , though some oil entered the ecosystem and residential areas . After a spill at the Murphy Oil refinery , for example , 1,800 homes were oiled in the towns of Chalmette and Meraux . Unlike Hurricane Ivan no offshore oil spills were officially reported after Hurricane Katrina . However , Skytruth reported some signs of surface oil in the Gulf of Mexico .
Human brain
Blood from here drains into the left and right transverse sinuses . These then drain into the sigmoid sinuses , which receive blood from the cavernous sinus and superior and inferior petrosal sinuses . The sigmoid drains into the large internal jugular veins . The
Human brain
The blood in the deep part of the brain drains , through a venous plexus into the cavernous sinus at the front , and the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses at the sides , and the inferior sagittal sinus at the back . Blood drains from the outer brain into the large superior saggital sinus , which rests in the midline on top of the brain . Blood from here joins with blood from the straight sinus at the confluence of sinuses .
Bradford
Bradford City Park , now home to the Bradford Festival which includes the Mela , is a six - acre ( 2.4 - hectare ) public space in the heart of Bradford which contains the largest man - made water feature in any UK city -- a 4,000 m ( 43,000 sq ft ) mirror pool featuring more than 100 fountains , including the tallest in any UK city at 30 m ( 100 ft ) . When the mirror pool is drained City Park is capable of holding events such as carnivals , markets , theatre productions , screenings and community festivals . Work started on the £ 24M project in February 2010 and City Park officially opened in March 2012 , with thousands of people turning out for the grand opening event . The
Dead Sea
In 2011 a group of scientists from Be'er Sheva , Israel and Germany discovered fissures in the floor of the Dead Sea by scuba diving and observing the surface . These fissures allow fresh and brackish water to enter the Dead Sea . They sampled biofilms surrounding the fissures and discovered numerous species of bacteria and archaea .
Red Sea
The water from the Red Sea is also used by oil refineries and cement factories for cooling . Used water drained back into the coastal zones may harm the nearshore environment of the Red Sea .
HMHS Britannic
Along with the damaged watertight door of the firemen 's tunnel , the watertight door between boiler rooms six and five failed to close properly . Water was flowing further aft into boiler room five . Britannic had reached her flooding limit . She could stay afloat ( motionless ) with her first six watertight compartments flooded . There were five watertight bulkheads rising all the way up to B Deck . Those measures had been taken after the Titanic disaster ( Titanic could float with her first four compartments flooded ) . The next crucial bulkhead between boiler rooms five and four and its door were undamaged and should have guaranteed the ship 's survival . There were open portholes along the front lower decks , which tilted underwater within minutes of the explosion . The nurses had opened most of those portholes to ventilate the wards , against standing orders . As the ship 's angle of list increased , water reached this level and began entering aft from the bulkhead between boiler rooms five and four . With more than six compartments flooded , Britannic could not stay afloat .
Cnidaria
There are no respiratory organs , and both cell layers absorb oxygen from and expel carbon dioxide into the surrounding water . When the water in the digestive cavity becomes stale it must be replaced , and nutrients that have not been absorbed will be expelled with it . Some Anthozoa have ciliated grooves on their tentacles , allowing them to pump water out of and into the digestive cavity without opening the mouth . This improves respiration after feeding and allows these animals , which use the cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton , to control the water pressure in the cavity without expelling undigested food .
The Perfect Storm (film)
When asked about the portrayal of `` Sully '' in the movie , Cathy Sullivan Mustone , an older sister of David `` Sully '' Sullivan , said she was disappointed . `` They made my brother 's character out to be a hothead , '' she said . `` I guess every movie needs a villain , but my brother was a funny guy with a loud laugh and a big smile . He had a lot of guts and he loved fishing . '' In fact , David 's bravery and quick thinking made headlines on a different boat -- the Harmony . One night during a winter fishing trip , the Harmony began taking on water while tied to another boat . The crew of the Harmony yelled for help , hoping to wake the nearby crew . No one woke , so David dove into the icy water , pulling himself on the ropes that tied the boats together . As a result of his bravery , the Harmony 's crew was saved . Mustone said , `` At least in the movie , they did represent my brother 's bravery in a water rescue scene . He was a good man . And I just know he is at peace in heaven , safe with our Dad . ''
A Tale of Two Cities
After Gaspard 's death , the storming of the Bastille is led ( from the St. Antoine neighbourhood , at least ) by the Defarges ; `` As a whirlpool of boiling waters has a centre point , so , all this raging circled around Defarge 's wine shop , and every human drop in the cauldron had a tendency to be sucked towards the vortex ... '' The crowd is envisioned as a sea . `` With a roar that sounded as if all the breath in France had been shaped into a detested word ( the word Bastille ) , the living sea rose , wave upon wave , depth upon depth , and overflowed the city ... ''
Timeline of Hurricane Katrina
By 9 : 00 AM CDT ( 1400 UTC ) , there was 6 -- 8 feet of water in the Lower Ninth Ward .
Crossing the Red Sea
The Hebrew term for the place of the crossing is `` Yam Suph '' . Although this has traditionally been thought to refer to the salt water inlet located between Africa and the Arabian peninsula , known in English as the Red Sea , this is a mistranslation from the Greek Septuagint , and Hebrew suph never means `` red '' but rather `` reeds '' . ( While it is not relevant to the identification of the body of water , suph also puns on the Hebrew suphah ( `` storm '' ) and soph ( `` end '' ) , referring to the events of the Exodus ) .
Arashiyama
Arashiyama ( 嵐山 , Storm Mountain ) is a district on the western outskirts of Kyoto , Japan . It also refers to the mountain across the Ōi River , which forms a backdrop to the district . Arashiyama is a nationally designated Historic Site and Place of Scenic Beauty .
Hurricane Irma
In Haiti , flooding one meter deep sat in residential neighborhoods in places like Cap - Haïtien , Ouanaminthe , and Gonaives . Mudslides , destroyed homes , flooded crops , and infrastructure damage were reported in the northern part of the country . The total expanse of the flooding stretched from Môle - Saint - Nicolas in the west to the eastern border with the Dominican Republic .
Hurricane Katrina
The American Red Cross , America 's Second Harvest ( now known as Feeding America ) , Southern Baptist Convention , Salvation Army , Oxfam , Common Ground Collective , Burners Without Borders , Emergency Communities , Habitat for Humanity , Catholic Charities , Service International , `` A River of Hope '' , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints , and many other charitable organizations provided help to the victims of the storm . They were not allowed into New Orleans proper by the National Guard for several days after the storm because of safety concerns . These organizations raised US $4.25 billion in donations by the public , with the Red Cross receiving over half of the donations . Some smaller organizations and individuals ignored the access restrictions and provided early relief . For example , two privately chartered planes from FasterCures evacuated 200 patents from Charity Hospital in New Orleans .
Gospel of Mark
4 : 24 -- 25 ) Growing seed and Mustard seed ( 4 : 26 -- 32 ) Calming the storm ( 4 : 35 -- 41 ) Demon named Legion ( 5 : 1 -- 20 ) Daughter of Jairus ( 5 : 21 -- 43 ) Hometown rejection ( 6 : 1 -- 6 ) Instructions for the Twelve ( 6 : 7 -- 13 ) Beheading of John ( 6 : 14 -- 29 ) Feeding the 5000 ( 6 : 30 -- 44 ) Walking on water ( 6 : 45 -- 52 ) Fringe of his cloak heals ( 6 : 53 -- 56 ) Discourse on Defilement ( 7 : 1 -- 23 ) Canaanite woman 's daughter ( 7 : 24 -- 30 ) Deaf mute ( 7 : 31 -- 37 ) Feeding the 4000 ( 8 : 1 -- 9 ) No sign will be given ( 8 : 10 -- 21 ) Healing with spit ( 8 : 22 -- 26 ) Peter 's confession ( 8 : 27 -- 30 ) Jesus predicts his death ( 8 : 31 -- 33 , 9 : 30 -- 32 , 10 : 32 -- 34 ) Instructions for followers ( 8 : 34 -- 9 : 1 ) Transfiguration ( 9 : 2 -- 13 ) Possessed boy ( 9 : 14 -- 29 ) Teaching in Capernaum ( 9 : 33 -- 50 ) 2 . Journey to Jerusalem Entering Judea and Transjordan ( 10 : 1 ) On divorce ( 10 : 2 -- 12 ) Little children ( 10 : 13 -- 16 ) Rich young man ( 10 : 17 -- 31 ) Son of man came to serve ( 10 : 35 -- 45 ) Blind Bartimaeus ( 10 : 46 -- 52 ) 3 . Events in Jerusalem Entering Jerusalem ( 11 : 1 -- 11 ) Cursing the fig tree ( 11 : 12 -- 14 , 20 - 24 ) Temple incident ( 11 : 15 -- 19 ) Prayer for forgiveness ( 11 : 25 -- 26 ) Authority questioned ( 11 : 27 -- 33 ) Wicked husbandman ( 12 : 1 -- 12 ) Render unto Caesar ... ( 12 : 13 -- 17 ) Resurrection of the Dead ( 12 : 18 -- 27 ) Great Commandment ( 12 : 28 -- 34 ) Is the Messiah the son of David ?
It (novel)
George `` Georgie '' Denbrough The first character introduced in the book . He is the six - year - old brother of Bill Denbrough , and he goes out to sail his boat made from a sheet of newspaper only for it to be swept into a storm drain . Seconds later Pennywise appears and tempts him with balloons and circus food . Georgie says no and as Georgie reaches for the boat , Pennywise grabs him and rips his arm off , whispering to him ' they float ' while he bleeds to death . Edward `` Eddie '' Corcoran Eddie Corcoran is a classmate of the Losers Club and Henry 's gang . Like Beverly Marsh , Eddie and his younger brother Dorsey are victims of child abuse by their stepfather , Richard Macklin . Eddie 's stepfather would often beat both boys brutally and without warning , at one point throwing Eddie into a coat rack with enough force to make him urinate blood for two weeks for accidentally slamming the door while Macklin was sleeping . In May 1957 , Macklin hit Dorsey in the back of the head with a hammer , accidentally killing him , which he covered up to look like an accident . Two days before summer vacation in June 1958 , Eddie runs away from home and decides to rest in the park . However , using Dorsey 's form , It approaches Eddie and chases after him before assuming the form of the Gill - man to kill him . Eddie is the only child who is actually shown getting killed by It besides George Denbrough and Patrick Hockstetter . Adrian Mellon Adrian Mellon is a young homosexual man in Derry . He grows fond of the town , despite its violently homophobic mindset , and only agrees to leave to please his partner , Don Hagarty . Before leaving , however , the two attend a town fair in July 1984 , and on the way home , they are harassed by three gay - hating youths . The three attack them , Adrian especially because of a hat he won at the fair , and throw him from a bridge over a canal . When he hits the bottom , Adrian is attacked by Pennywise as It briefly pressured his ribs until he shrieked , and dragged him away to kill . Though Don and one of the bullies , Chris Unwin , witnessed this , no mention of Pennywise is made at the trial .
Arctic Ocean
Warming temperatures in the Arctic may cause large amounts of fresh meltwater to enter the north Atlantic , possibly disrupting global ocean current patterns . Potentially severe changes in the Earth 's climate might then ensue .
Timeline of Hurricane Katrina
By 8 : 00 AM CDT ( 1300 UTC ) , in New Orleans , water was seen rising on both sides of the Industrial Canal .
Thunderstorm
If the quantity of water that is condensed in and subsequently precipitated from a cloud is known , then the total energy of a thunderstorm can be calculated . In a typical thunderstorm , approximately 5 × 10 kg of water vapor are lifted , and the amount of energy released when this condenses is 10 joules . This is on the same order of magnitude of energy released within a tropical cyclone , and more energy than that released during the atomic bomb blast at Hiroshima , Japan in 1945 .
Indus River
After Pakistan came into existence , a water control treaty signed between India and Pakistan in 1960 guaranteed that Pakistan would receive water from the Indus River and its two tributaries the Jhelum River & the Chenab River independently of upstream control by India .
Flint water crisis
On January 30 , 2017 , a class action lawsuit with over 1,700 plaintiffs against the EPA seeking $722.4 million was filed , charging them with a violation of section 1431 of the Safe Drinking Water Act , which states , `` upon receipt of information that a contaminant that is present in or likely to enter a public water system or an underground source of drinking water , or there is a threatened or potential terrorist attack or other intentional act , that may present an imminent and substantial endangerment to the health of persons , the EPA Administrator may take any action she deems necessary to protect human health '' .
Timeline of Hurricane Katrina
California swift water rescue crew units deployed to the area rescued hundreds in New Orleans and Jefferson Parish . However , FEMA later halted the swift water rescue crews from conducting further rescues , citing safety concerns .
Heart
The coronary sinus is a large vein that drains into the right atrium , and receives most of the venous drainage of the heart . It receives blood from the great cardiac vein ( receiving the left atrium and both ventricles ) , the posterior cardiac vein ( draining the back of the left ventricle ) , the middle cardiac vein ( draining the bottom of the left and right ventricles ) , and small cardiac veins . The anterior cardiac veins drain the front of the right ventricle and drain directly into the right atrium .