vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn
Through their research into Project Meteor , the Garleans discovered a way to call down the lesser moon Dalamud and use it as a weapon . The plan -- spearheaded by the Imperial Legatus Nael van Darnus -- was to crash Dalamud into Eorzea , annihilating the beastmen tribes and their primal deities and conquering the smoldering remains . In response to this threat , the three nations of the former Eorzean Alliance reinstated their Grand Companies and reforged their pact . A band of adventurers defeated van Darnus but could not stop Dalamud 's continued descent . During a major battle between the Grand Companies and the leaderless Garlean invasion force at the Carteneau Flats in Mor Dhona , Dalamud revealed itself to be an ancient Allagan - made prison for the primal dragon Bahamut , who promptly escaped to initiate the Seventh Umbral Calamity . The Sharlayan scholar Louisoix Leveilleur attempted to recontain Bahamut using the Twelve 's power but , failing that , sent a group of adventurers `` beyond the reach of time '' to reawaken when they were needed again .
Space Race
Neil Armstrong 's historic first words on the Moon . `` That 's one small step for ( a ) man , one giant leap for mankind . '' Problems playing this file ? See media help .
Space Race
He justified the program in terms of its importance to national security , and its focus of the nation 's energies on other scientific and social fields . He rallied popular support for the program in his `` We choose to go to the Moon '' speech , on September 12 , 1962 , before a large crowd at Rice University Stadium , in Houston , Texas , near the construction site of the new Manned Spacecraft Center facility . Full text
Nike, Inc.
In 2004 , Nike launched the SPARQ Training Program / Division . Some of Nike 's newest shoes contain Flywire and Lunarlite Foam to reduce weight . The Air Zoom Vomero running shoe , introduced in 2006 and currently in its 11th generation , featured a combination of groundbreaking innovations including a full - length air cushioned sole , an external heel counter , a crashpad in the heel for shock absorption , and Fit Frame technology for a stable fit .
Ojibwe
The first of the smaller Turtle Islands was Mooniyaa , where Mooniyaang ( present - day Montreal ) developed . The `` second stopping place '' was in the vicinity of the Wayaanag - gakaabikaa ( Concave Waterfalls , i.e. , Niagara Falls ) . At their `` third stopping place '' , near the present - day city of Detroit , Michigan , the Anishinaabeg divided into six groups , of which the Ojibwe was one .
New Spain
Don Lope Díez de Armendáriz , born in Quito , Ecuador , was the first Viceroy of New Spain who was born in the ' New World ' . He formed the ' Navy of Barlovento ' ( Armada de Barlovento ) , based in Veracruz , to patrol coastal regions and protect the harbors , port towns , and trade ships from pirates and privateers .
Quito
On March 28 , 1541 , Quito was declared a city and on February 23 , 1556 , was given the title Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de San Francisco de Quito ( `` Very Noble and Loyal City of San Francisco of Quito '' ) , starting at this point its urban evolution . In 1563 , Quito became the seat of a Real Audiencia ( administrative district ) of Spain and became part of the Viceroyalty of Peru , until 1717 after the Audiencia was part of a newly created Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada . Its administration on both Viceroyalties remained to Quito . ( see Real Audiencia de Quito )
Conquistador
The division of the booty produced bloody conflicts , such as the one between Pizarro and De Almagro . After present - day Peruvian territories fell to Spain , Francisco Pizarro dispatched El Adelantado , Diego de Almagro , before they became enemies to the Inca Empire 's northern city of Quito to claim it . Their fellow conquistador Sebastián de Belalcázar , who had gone forth without Pizarro 's approval , had already reached Quito . The arrival of Pedro de Alvarado from the lands known today as Mexico in search of Inca gold further complicated the situation for De Almagro and Belalcázar . De Alvarado left South America in exchange for monetary compensation from Pizarro . De Almagro was executed in 1538 , by Hernándo Pizarro 's orders . In 1541 Lima , supporters of Diego Almagro II assassinated Francisco Pizarro . In 1546 , De Belalcázar ordered the execution of Jorge Robledo , who governed a neighbouring province in yet another land - related vendetta . De Belalcázar was tried in absentia , convicted and condemned for killing Robledo and other offenses pertaining to his involvement in the wars between armies of conquistadors . Pedro de Ursúa was killed by his subordinate Lope de Aguirre who crowned himself king while searching for El Dorado . In 1544 , Lope de Aguirre and Melchor Verdugo ( a converso Jew ) were at the side of Peru 's first viceroy Blasco Núñez Vela , who had arrived from Spain with orders to implement the New Laws and suppress the encomiendas . Gonzalo Pizarro , another brother of Francisco Pizarro , rose in revolt , killed viceroy Blasco Núñez Vela and most of his Spanish army in the battle in 1546 , and Gonzalo attempted to have himself crowned king .
Peninsular War
The Junta agreed that the viceroyalties of the overseas territories ; New Spain , Peru , New Kingdom of Granada , and Buenos Aires , and the independent captaincies general of the island of Cuba , Puerto Rico , Guatemala , Chile , Province of Venezuela , and Philippines would send one representative . This scheme was criticized in America for providing unequal representation to the overseas territories . Several important and large cities had no direct representation in the Supreme Central Junta . In particular Quito and Charcas , which saw themselves as the capitals of kingdoms and resented being subsumed in the larger `` kingdom '' of Peru . This unrest led to the establishment of juntas in these cities in 1809 , which were quashed by the authorities within the year . ( See Luz de América and Bolivian War of Independence . ) Throughout early 1809 the governments of the capitals of the viceroyalties and captaincies general elected representatives to the Junta , but none arrived in time to serve on it .
Quito
Indigenous resistance to the Spanish invasion continued during 1534 , with the conquistador Diego de Almagro founding Santiago de Quito ( in present - day Colta , near Riobamba ) on August 15 , 1534 , later to be renamed San Francisco de Quito on August 28 , 1534 . The city was later moved to its present location and was refounded on 6 December 1534 by 204 settlers led by Sebastián de Benalcázar , who captured Rumiñahui and effectively ended any organized resistance . Rumiñahui was then executed on January 10 , 1535 .
Ecuador
After nearly 300 years of Spanish rule , Quito was still a small city numbering 10,000 inhabitants . On August 10 , 1809 , the city 's criollos called for independence from Spain ( first among the peoples of Latin America ) . They were led by Juan Pío Montúfar , Quiroga , Salinas , and Bishop Cuero y Caicedo . Quito 's nickname , `` Luz de América '' ( `` Light of America '' ) , is based on its leading role in trying to secure an independent , local government . Although the new government lasted no more than two months , it had important repercussions and was an inspiration for the independence movement of the rest of Spanish America . August 10 is now celebrated as Independence Day , a national holiday .
Spanish colonization of the Americas
In 1809 the first declarations of independence from Spanish rule occurred in the Viceroyalty of New Granada . The first two were in present - day Bolivia at Sucre ( May 25 ) , and La Paz ( July 16 ) ; and the third in present - day Ecuador at Quito ( August 10 ) . In 1810 Mexico declared independence , with the Mexican War of Independence following for over a decade . In 1821 Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain and concluded the War . The Plan of Iguala was part of the peace treaty to establish a constitutional foundation for an independent Mexico .
Quito
In 1833 , members of the Society of Free Inhabitants of Quito were assassinated by the government after they conspired against it , and on March 6 , 1845 , the Marcist Revolution began . Later , in 1875 , the country 's president , Gabriel García Moreno , was assassinated in Quito . Two years later , in 1877 , Archbishop José Ignacio Checa y Barba was killed by poisoning while he was celebrating Mass .
Quito
In 1882 , insurgents arose against the regime of dictator Ignacio de Veintimilla . However , this did not end the violence that was occurring throughout the country . On July 9 , 1883 , the liberal commander Eloy Alfaro participated in the Battle of Guayaquil , and later , after more conflict , became the president of Ecuador on September 4 , 1895 . Upon completing his second term in 1911 , he moved to Europe . When he returned to Ecuador in 1912 and attempted a return to power , he was arrested on January 28 , 1912 ; thrown in prison ; and assassinated by a mob that had stormed the prison . His body was dragged through the streets of Quito to a city park , where it was burned .
Ashoka
According to one version of the Mahavamsa , the Buddhist chronicle of Sri Lanka , Ashoka , when he was heir - apparent and was journeying as Viceroy to Ujjain , is said to have halted at Vidisha ( 10 kilometers from Sanchi ) , and there married the daughter of a local banker . She was called Devi and later gave Ashoka two sons , Ujjeniya and Mahendra , and a daughter Sanghamitta . After Ashoka 's accession , Mahendra headed a Buddhist mission , sent probably under the auspices of the Emperor , to Sri Lanka .
Conquistador
The viceroy of New Spain Antonio de Mendoza , for whom is named the Codex Mendoza , commissioned several expeditions to explore and establish settlements in the northern lands of New Spain in 1540 -- 42 . Francisco Vázquez de Coronado reached Quivira in central Kansas . Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo explored the western coastline of Alta California in 1542 -- 43 . A
Conquistador
The viceroy of New Spain Don Diego García Sarmiento sent another expedition in 1648 to explore , conquer and colonize the Californias .
Conquistador
Afonso de Albuquerque set sail in April 1511 from Goa to Malacca with a force of 1,200 men and seventeen or eighteen ships . Following his capture of the city on 24 August 1511 , it became a strategic base for Portuguese expansion in the East Indies ; consequently the Portuguese were obliged to build a fort they named A Famosa to defend it . That same year , the Portuguese , desiring a commercial alliance , sent an ambassador , Duarte Fernandes , to the kingdom of Ayudhya , where he was well received by king Ramathibodi II . In 1526 , a large force of Portuguese ships under the command of Pedro Mascarenhas was sent to conquer Bintan , where Sultan Mahmud was based . Earlier expeditions by Diogo Dias and Afonso de Albuquerque had explored that part of the Indian Ocean , and discovered several islands new to Europeans . Mascarenhas served as Captain - Major of the Portuguese colony of Malacca from 1525 to 1526 , and as viceroy of Goa , capital of the Portuguese possessions in Asia , from 1554 until his death in 1555 . He was succeeded by Francisco Barreto , who served with the title of `` governor - general '' . Forte
Vaishnavism
In North and Eastern India , Krishnaism gave rise to various late Medieval movements : Nimbarka and Ramananda in the 14th century , Kabir and Sankaradeva in the 15th and Vallabha and Caitanya in the 16th century . Historically , it was Caitanya Mahaprabhu who founded congregational chanting of holy names of Krishna in the early 16th century after becoming a sannyasi .
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Albuquerque was named in honor of Francisco Fernández de la Cueva , 10th Duke of Alburquerque who was Viceroy of New Spain from 1702 to 1711 . The growing village was named by provincial governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés . The Duke 's title referred to the Spanish town of Alburquerque , in the province of Badajoz , near the border with Portugal .
New Spain
In 1766 , the crown appointed Carlos Francisco de Croix , marqués de Croix as viceroy of New Spain . One of his early tasks was to implement the crown 's decision to expel the Jesuits from all its territories , accomplished in 1767 . Since the Jesuits had significant power , owning large , well managed haciendas , educating New Spain 's elite young men , and as a religious order resistant to crown control , the Jesuits were a major target for the assertion of crown control . Croix closed the religious autos - de-fe of the Holy Office of the Inquisition to public viewing , signaling a shift in the crown 's attitude toward religion . Other significant accomplishments under Croix 's administration was the founding of the College of Surgery in 1768 , part of the crown 's push to introduce institutional reforms that regulated professions . The crown was also interested in generating more income for its coffers and Croix instituted the royal lottery in 1769 . Croix also initiated improvements in the capital and seat of the viceroyalty , increasing the size of its central park , the Alameda .
Conquistador
In 1564 , Miguel López de Legazpi was commissioned by the viceroy of New Spain , Luis de Velasco , to explore the Maluku Islands where Magellan and Ruy López de Villalobos had landed in 1521 and 1543 , respectively . The expedition was ordered by Philip II of Spain , after whom the Philippines had earlier been named by Villalobos . El Adelantado Legazpi established settlements in the East Indies and the Pacific Islands in 1565 . He was the first governor - general of the Spanish East Indies . After obtaining peace with various indigenous tribes , López de Legazpi made the Philippines the capital in 1571 .
Ecuador
The best known art styles from Ecuador belonged to the Escuela Quiteña ( Quito School ) , which developed from the 16th to 18th centuries , examples of which are on display in various old churches in Quito . Ecuadorian painters include Eduardo Kingman , Oswaldo Guayasamín , and Camilo Egas from the Indiginist Movement ; Manuel Rendon , Jaime Zapata , Enrique Tábara , Aníbal Villacís , Theo Constanté , Luis Molinari , Araceli Gilbert , Judith Gutierrez , Felix Arauz , and Estuardo Maldonado from the Informalist Movement ; Teddy Cobeña from expressionism and figurative style and Luis Burgos Flor with his abstract , futuristic style . The Amerindian people of Tigua , Ecuador , are also world - renowned for their traditional paintings .
Akbar
Out of affection for the memory of his brother , Humayun betrothed Hindal 's nine - year - old daughter , Ruqaiya Sultan Begum , to his son Akbar . Their betrothal took place in Kabul , shortly after Akbar 's first appointment as a viceroy in the province of Ghazni . Humayun conferred on the imperial couple all the wealth , army , and adherents of Hindal and Ghazni . One of Hindal 's jagir was given to his nephew , Akbar , who was appointed as its viceroy and was also given the command of his uncle 's army . Akbar 's marriage with Ruqaiya was solemnized in Jalandhar , Punjab , when both of them were 14 - years - old . She was his first wife and chief consort .
Qing dynasty
Viceroy of Zhili -- in charge of Zhili Viceroy of Shaan - Gan -- in charge of Shaanxi and Gansu Viceroy of Liangjiang -- in charge of Jiangsu , Jiangxi , and Anhui Viceroy of Huguang -- in charge of Hubei and Hunan Viceroy of Sichuan -- in charge of Sichuan Viceroy of Min - Zhe -- in charge of Fujian , Taiwan , and Zhejiang Viceroy of Liangguang -- in charge of Guangdong and Guangxi Viceroy of Yun - Gui -- in charge of Yunnan and Guizhou
Spanish colonization of the Americas
Viceroyalty of Perú ( 1542 -- 1824 ) Captaincy General of Chile ( 1541 -- 1818 ) Viceroyalty of New Granada ( 1717 -- 1819 ) Captaincy General of Venezuela Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata ( 1776 -- 1814 )
History of India
In 1617 the British East India Company was given permission by Mughal Emperor Jahangir to trade in India . Gradually their increasing influence led the de jure Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar to grant them dastaks or permits for duty - free trade in Bengal in 1717 . Map
Ecuador
Since Ecuador 's separation from Colombia in May 13 , 1830 , its first President , General Juan José Flores , laid claim to the territory that was called the Real Audiencia of Quito , also referred to as the Presidencia of Quito . He supported his claims with Spanish Royal decrees or Real Cedulas , that delineated the borders of Spain 's former overseas colonies . In the case of Ecuador , Flores - based Ecuador 's de jure claims on the following cedulas - Real Cedula of 1563 , 1739 , and 1740 ; with modifications in the Amazon Basin and Andes Mountains that were introduced through the Treaty of Guayaquil ( 1829 ) which Peru reluctantly signed , after the overwhelmingly outnumbered Gran Colombian force led by Antonio José de Sucre defeated President and General La Mar 's Peruvian invasion force in the Battle of Tarqui . In addition , Ecuador 's eastern border with the Portuguese colony of Brazil in the Amazon Basin was modified before the wars of Independence by the First Treaty of San Ildefonso ( 1777 ) between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire . Moreover , to add legitimacy to his claims , on February 16 , 1840 , Flores signed a treaty with Spain , whereby Flores convinced Spain to officially recognize Ecuadorian independence and its sole rights to colonial titles over Spain 's former colonial territory known anciently to Spain as the Kingdom and Presidency of Quito .
Quito
The Church of La Compañía began construction in 1605 ; it took 160 years to be built . By 1765 the work was completed with the construction of the façade . This was done by Native Americans who carefully shaped the Baroque style in one of the most complete examples of this art in the Americas .
Quito
One of the events that took place in this cathedral was the murder of the Bishop of Quito , José Ignacio Checa y Barba , who during the mass of Good Friday on 30 March 1877 was poisoned with strychnine dissolved in the consecrated wine . The cathedral is also the burial place of the remains of the Grand Marshal Antonio José de Sucre and also of several presidents of the Republic , as well as of bishops and priests who died in the diocese . The cathedral is located on the south side of the Plaza de La Independencia .
New Spain
In the southern area of New Spain , the Tzeltal Maya and other indigenous groups , including the Tzotzil and Chol revolted in 1712 . It was a multiethnic revolt sparked by religious issues in several communities . In 1704 viceroy Francisco Fernández de la Cueva suppressed a rebellion of Pima Indians in Nueva Vizcaya .
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
In 1540 , the Chichimecas fortified Mixtón , Nochistlán , and other mountain towns then besieged the Spanish settlement in Guadalajara . The famous conquistador Pedro de Alvarado , coming to the aid of acting governor Cristóbal de Oñate , led an attack on Nochistlán . However , the Chichimecas counter-attacked and Alvarado 's forces were routed . Under the leadership of Viceroy Don Antonio de Mendoza , the Spanish forces and their Indian allies ultimately succeeded in recapturing the towns and suppressing resistance . However , fighting did not completely come to a halt in the ensuing years .
Reservation in India
Quota systems favouring certain castes and other communities existed before independence in several areas of British India . Demands for various forms of positive discrimination had been made , for example , in 1882 and 1891 . Shahu , the Maharaja of the princely state of Kolhapur , introduced reservation in favour of non-Brahmin and backward classes , much of which came into force in 1902 . He provided free education to everyone and opened several hostels to make it easier for them to receive it . He also tried to ensure that people thus educated were suitably employed , and he appealed both for a class - free India and the abolition of untouchability . His 1902 measures created 50 per cent reservation for backward communities .
New Spain
The Viceroyalty of New Spain was established in 1535 in the Kingdom of New Spain . It was the first New World viceroyalty and one of only two in the Spanish empire until the 18th century Bourbon Reforms .
Quito
Although they arrived in Quito in 1541 , in 1580 the Dominicans started to build their temple , using the plans and direction of Francisco Becerra . The work was completed in the first half of the 17th century . Inside the church are valuable structures , such as the neo-Gothic main altar . This was placed in the late 19th century by Italian Dominicans . The roof of the Mudéjar style church features paintings of martyrs of the Order of Saint Dominic . The roof of the nave is composed of a pair and knuckle frame , coated inside by pieces of tracery . In the museum located on the north side of the lower cloister are wonderful pieces of great Quito sculptors such as the Saint Dominic de Guzmán by Father Carlos , the Saint John of God by Caspicara , and the Saint Thomas Aquinas by Legarda . Another Baroque piece that stands is the Chapel of Nuestra Señora del Rosario , which is a recognizable feature of the architecture of Quito . This chapel was built beside the church , in the gospel side . In this was founded the largest fraternity in the city of Quito .
House of Carrillo
Emperor Agustin I of Mexico , of the House of Iturbide ; his mother was a member of the cadet branch of the House of Carrillo , Carrillo de Figueroa . Queen Fabiola of Belgium , Wife of Baudouin I of Belgium , descendant of the House of Carrillo Duke José Carrillo de Albornoz , 1st Duke of Montemar , victorious commander of the Spanish forces in the Battle of Bitonto and was made Duke of Montemar by King Philip V of Spain on April 20 , 1735 . Duke García Álvarez de Toledo , 1st Duke of Alba , Spanish nobleman , military leader and politician , son of Mencia Carrillo , Lady of Bercimuelle Marquis Luis de Benavides Carrillo , Marquis of Caracena , Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands ( 1659 and 1664 ) , Governor of Milan , Spanish general and political figure . Marquis Diego Carrillo de Mendoza y Pimentel de Gelves , Viceroy of New Spain ( Mexico ) Marquis Alfonso de la Cueva , 1st Marquis of Bedmar , Spanish diplomat , bishop and Roman cardinal . Marquis Gastón de Peralta , 3rd Marquis of Falces , Spanish nobleman who was viceroy of New Spain Count José Baquíjano of Vista Florida , Spanish / Peruvian economist and jurist , writer and politician , and one of the first great intellectuals of the Viceroyalty of Peru . Don Luis Carrillo y Sotomayor , Knight of Santiago , Commander of the Spanish galleons and renowned Spanish poet Cardinal Gil Alvarez Carrillo de Albornoz , ( 1310 -- 1367 ) , Spanish cardinal and Papal military leader Cardinal Gil de Albornoz , ( 1579 - 1649 ) , Spanish Catholic Cardinal , Governor of the Duchy of Milan Archbishop Alfonso Carillo de Acuña , Spanish politician and Roman Catholic archbishop . Braulio Carrillo Colina , President ( 1835 ) and Dictator ( 1838 -- 1842 ) of Costa Rica . Francisco Solano López Carrillo , President of Paraguay ( 1862 - 1870 ) Lieutenant General Antonio Ricardos Carrillo de Albornoz , fought against Habsburg Austria , the Portugal , and the First French Republic during a long military career . He invaded Rousillon where he won a series of victories over the French . After his death in early 1794 , the war went badly for Spain . Captain José Antonio Carrillo , Alcalde of Los Angeles in 1826 , 1828 , and 1833 .
Quito
The Cathedral of Quito , is one of the largest religious symbols of spiritual value for the Catholic community in the city . This church began its construction in 1562 , seventeen years after the diocese of Quito was created ( 1545 ) . The church building was completed in 1806 , during the administration of President of the Real Audiencia Baron Héctor de Carondelet .