vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Autumn is ideal for visiting the Sonoma Coast 
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Autumn is ideal for visiting the Sonoma Coast 
By Regional Parks Staff
For many of us in Sonoma County, fall is a special and much-anticipated time to be outdoors. The summer crowds have thinned, the vineyards turn striking shades of red and orange, and the air carries the scents of autumn. But one of the best features of the season is the spectacular weather along the Sonoma Coast.
Average High Temperature: 77 Degrees

Locals know September, October, and November typically deliver some of the most glorious days of the year on the coast. Summer at the beach is often marked by foggy mornings and evenings. But by fall, the coastal warming process has reached its zenith, bringing clear skies and some of the most temperate days of the year.
In fact, October’s average high temperature in Bodega Bay is 77 degrees. And the winds are usually lightest this time of year.
Explore Parks from Bodega Bay to Gualala

The Sonoma Coast features some of the most stunning landscapes in all of California. Our coast stretches 58 miles from Bodega Bay to the Gualala River, and there are many Regional Parks to be explored along the way.

Come out to Doran Beach and walk the long, sandy shore or cross Cheney Creek and meander along the Birdwalk Coastal Access Trail.
Hike down Pinnacle or Shorttail gulches to marvel at the tide pools and the solitude.
Drive north on iconic Highway 1 to Stillwater Cove and find the historic schoolhouse in the ferns and redwoods.
Follow The Sea Ranch coastal access trails across wind-swept meadows to hidden coves.
Visit Gualala Point and take in the unending sea views from the Bluff Top Trail and explore the driftwood creations on the long beach.

Whatever coastal outing you choose, don’t forget to pack a picnic and bring a blanket for a nap in the autumn sun. If you have a dog that loves the ocean, bring him along too. All of Regional Parks' coastal beaches and trails are dog-friendly. 
If you'd like to join us for guided activities on the coast, visit our calendar. We often lead tide pool hikes, bird walks, yoga classes, and other outings at beach parks.
Return to Jet Engines | Glenn Research Center | NASA
As the hot exhaust gas exited the test section, it passed through a 17-foot-diameter water duct and into the 50-foot-diameter primary cooler. As the air flows through the cooler its heat is transferred to the cooler’s 2700 water-filled tubes. This reduces the air temperature from 3000 to 600 °F. A spray cooler further reduces the temperature of the gases to 150 °F before they are recirculated to the Central Air Building.
Excavations for the new PSL building were completed by October 1967, and the shell of the building was completed a year later. In September 1968, work began on the new test chambers and associated infrastructure. Nearly 5000 tons of steel were used to build the new facility. The installation of the combustion air, cooling water, and electrical systems began in September 1970. Construction was completed in late 1972.
Documents

PSL No. 3 and 4 website (2018)
PSL No. 3-4 Construction articles (1967-70)
Contract Let for PSL Expansion (1968)
PSL No. 3-4 Operation article (1972)
Propulsion Systems Lab No. 3-4 brochure (1991)

Gallery

	Model of the cooling chamber for the new PSL No. 3 and 4 facility. (4/22/1968)

	

	Exterior of PSL No. 3 and 4 during its construction. (2/20/1969)

	

	Installation of one of the two new 24-foot-diameter test chambers at the PSL No. 3 and 4 facility. (8/1/1969)

	

	Construction of the massive primary cooler for the new PSL No. 3 and 4 facility. The Engine Test Building is in the background to the right. (11/17/1969)

	

	Construction of the two new 24-foot-diameter altitude chambers, PSL No. 3 and 4. (5/6/1970)

	

	General Electric Quiet Engine installed in the PSL No. 3 test chamber. The 24-foot diameter test chamber was ten feet wider than the original PSL No. 1 and 2 chambers. (2/10/1973)

	

	Aerial view of the PSL No. 3 and 4 facility with test chambers in the building to the right.
The 2024-25 Budget: Proposition 2 Debt Payment Proposals
As we discuss in greater detail below, the voters approved Proposition 2 in 2014 to establish a constitutional requirement that, among other requirements, requires the state to make specified levels of debt payments, including towards pension unfunded liabilities. Accordingly, the state annually makes supplemental pension payments from the General Fund towards the state’s pension unfunded liabilities. 

Proposition 2
Proposition 2 Contains Annual Debt Payment Requirement. Proposition 2 created new rules regarding: (1) deposits into the state’s rainy‑day fund and (2) accelerating payments toward certain eligible debts. A formula dictates these requirements on an annual basis. In general, the requirements tend to increase when revenues are growing more quickly and decline when revenue growth is lower. Unlike reserve deposits, which can be suspended in response to a budget emergency, Proposition 2‑related debt payments are required every year until 2029‑30. (Thereafter, these debt payments become optional, but amounts not spent on debt must be deposited into the rainy‑day reserve.)
Annual Payments Required for Pension Unfunded Liabilities or Prefunding Retiree Health Benefits. Originally, eligible debts under Proposition 2 included both budgetary debts and retirement liabilities. However, the state repaid all of the outstanding eligible budgetary debts in 2019‑20. The remaining eligible uses of Proposition 2 debt payments are related to prefunding state retiree health benefits and unfunded liabilities associated with state‑level pension plans. In past practice, the state has generally interpreted the latter to include the pension systems for: state and California State University employees (CalPERS), teachers (CalSTRS), and the University of California Retirement Plan. In addition, the 2017‑18 budget package authorized a plan to borrow $6 billion from the state’s cash resources to make a one‑time supplemental payment to CalPERS. The state’s repayments on this borrowing plan, although not technically pension payments, are also considered eligible for Proposition 2 requirements. (For more information about this debt, see: The 2017‑18 Budget: The Governor’s CalPERS Borrowing Proposal and The 2018‑19 Budget: Repaying the CalPERS Borrowing Plan.)
Debt Payments Must Supplement—Not Supplant—Funding for Two Years.
Virtual Vocabulary | NASA eClips
topterrestrial planet - A terrestrial planet is one of the very dense planets that are located close to the Sun. toptest - A test is a procedure used to determine the quality or effectiveness of a procedure or product. Tests, or trials, are often used to see how well something works. toptexture - Texture is the way something feels. For instance, sand feels rough (has a grainy texture) while smaller mud particles have a smoother or slimy texture. topthermal energy - Thermal energy is the energy of movement of the molecules within a substance. The higher the temperature, the faster the molecules move, thus temperature can be used as a measure of thermal energy. topthermal protection system - A thermal protection system is a combination of materials used to insulate and reduce the amount of heat transferred to a spacecraft as it enters an atmosphere. topthermometer - A tool that is used to measure temperature. topthrust - Thrust is a force that propels an object. Thrust must be greater than drag for an object to move forward. toptides - The regular rise and fall of water due to the gravitational pull of the Moon and, to a lesser degree, the Sun. toptilt - Tilt is a sloping position or movement of an object. Earth's axis is tilted about 23.5 degrees from its orbital plane. Because of this tilt, the sun shines on different latitudes at different angles throughout the year causing seasons. toptopsoil - Topsoil is the dark, top layer of soil that is rich in humus and minerals. toptrace element - A trace element is a chemical element present in minute (very small) quantities. The atmosphere contains trace amounts of the elements neon, helium, methane, krypton and hydrogen. toptrajectory - Trajectory is the path that an object takes moving through space. toptranslucent - Translucent describes an object through which only some light is able to pass. toptransmit - When referring to light, transmit or transmission is when light passes through an object without having an effect on the object toptransparent - Transparent describes an object through which light is able to pass.
2001-02 Budget Analysis: Department of Information Technology
were to include project management training, procurement alternatives, project sizing, project delegations, maintenance and
operations, system and information security, operational recovery, project oversight, feasibility study reviews (FSR), and
procurement. With the exception of FSR and operational recovery, DOIT has not issued any new policies as directed by the
Legislature.
Figure 1 summarizes the Legislature's requests to DOIT for seven supplemental reports in 2000-01. At the time this analysis was
prepared, DOIT had submitted two reports on oversight policy. As regards the report on the oversight of county-based IT
projects, we believe that the department has failed to adequately respond to this requirement as discussed below. As regards the
remaining five reports, the department indicates that it is in the process of developing three reports that would address (1) policies
for a streamlined FSR process and revised state acquisition practices and (2) DMV automation difficulties. The status of two
reports (Veterans' Home and "Capability Assessment") is unknown.
The DOIT Has Not Responded to Request for Information on County-Based Projects. One important area where DOIT
has failed to respond to the supplemental report requests is in the area of county-based projects. The state has several large
county-based automation projects underway. (These are described in detail in our analysis of budget Item 4130 the Health and
Human Services Agency Data Center [HHSDC].) Both DOIT and HHSDC provide some level of oversight for these various
projects. Last year the Legislature adopted supplemental report language asking the two departments to explain how their oversight
roles differ and at what point in a project's development they provide that oversight.
In response to this request, HHSDC developed an oversight plan, with input from the key stakeholders, and provided a report to
the Legislature in January 2001. The Legislature also directed DOIT to submit a report which would describe DOIT's oversight role
and activities for county-based projects and describe how these activities would be conducted between HHSDC and the counties.
The DOIT stated that it met the intent of the supplemental report by providing input into HHSDC's oversight plan.
Licensing NASA Technology | T2 Portal
What degree of exclusivity is needed?
	Exclusivity pushes fees to the higher end of the range, as it can provide significant value for a business plan. And, it limits competition and opportunities for multiple licenses.
 

Step 4: Sign the License
When terms for the license are set, NASA and the company execute the license under the terms of the agreement.
After the license is granted, NASA monitors the licensee’s sales of products and services that use the licensed technologies. Our team may write success stories and, upon approval by the licensee, these may be published on NASA’s Web site, in NASA’s Spinoff magazine, or other publications.
NASA's priority is to license its U.S. taxpayer-funded technologies to benefit the American tax payers, through increasing US economic competitiveness and/or promoting public availability of new products and services.
While our licenses are most often to domestic companies, we are able to license to foreign-owned companies, though with some additional considerations:
NASA's patents are filed with the USPTO and within the United States jurisdiction. We only file PCT applications when a licensee is willing to pay for the additional patenting costs in the countries they select (within 1 year of filing the original US patent.)
Licenses to foreign-owned companies requires additional steps and reviews, which can introduce an additional 6 to 8 weeks to the licensing process. This includes approval by the US Trade Representative, a review process that NASA will coordinate.
Licenses are typically granted to a company that agrees any resulting products will be primarily manufactured in the United States. (NASA may waive or modify this requirement if reasonable but unsuccessful efforts have been made to grant licenses to companies that would be likely to manufacture substantially in the United States or if domestic manufacture is not commercially feasible.)

For additional information, please visit 35 USC Section 209 (b).

 

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Bringing NASA Technology Down to Earth
Facilities | Glenn Research Center | NASA
Unique in testing … Read the rest ⇢Aero-Acoustic Propulsion LaboratoryThe Aero-Acoustic Propulsion Laboratory (AAPL) is a world-class facility for conducting aero-propulsion noise reduction research. With over 20 years of ...Space Environments Complex (SEC) vacuum chamber dome exteriorSpace Environments ComplexThe Space Environments Complex (SEC) houses the world’s largest and most powerful space environment simulation facilities. The Space Simulation Vacuum Chamber is the world’s largest space simulation vacuum and EMI chamber, measuring 30.5 m (100 ft) in diameter by 37.2 m (122 ft) high. The Reverberant Acoustic Test Facility (RATF) is the world’s most powerful … Read the rest ⇢Space Environments ComplexThe Space Environments Complex (SEC) houses the world’s largest and most powerful space environment simulation facilities. The Space Simulation Vacuum ...Combustion FacilitiesAdvanced Subsonic Combustion Rig Control Room. Advanced Subsonic Combustion RigThe Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig (ASCR) is a unique high-pressure and high temperature combustor facility. It is significant because of its one-of-a kind ability to simulate combustor tests up to 60 atmospheres. The Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig (ASCR) at NASA’s Glenn Research Center (GRC) is a high-pressure, high-temperature combustion rig that simulates combustor inlet test … Read the rest ⇢Advanced Subsonic Combustion RigThe Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig (ASCR) is a unique high-pressure and high temperature combustor facility. It is significant because of its one-of-a ...Altitude Combustion Stand (ACS) 100 lbf liquid oxygen/LCH4 Engine.Chemical Propulsion Research ComplexThe Chemical Propulsion Research Complex (CPRC) develops advanced chemical propulsion concepts and evaluates safer propellants for launch vehicles, spacecraft thrusters and advanced ignition systems for next generation launch vehicles. It has the capability to perform sea level and simulated altitude testing, as well as advanced plume diagnostics.
GFO-23-608 – Military Electric Vehicle Chargers - California Grants Portal
The California Energy Commission’s (CEC) Clean Transportation Program announces the availability of up to $7.0 million in grant funds for projects that will install electric vehicle (EV) chargers at military bases and facilities for use by non-tactical government-owned vehicles and privately-owned vehicles with authorized access (e.g., personnel, delivery vehicles, visitors).
The intent of this solicitation is to award follow-on funding support for EV charging infrastructure projects with eligible applicants that have an active award from an eligible United States federal agency. This solicitation is intended to potentially double the number of chargers installed at a military base or facility, compared to what would otherwise be installed with only the federal funding, and accelerate the adoption of zero emission vehicles statewide.
Eligibility Requirements
Eligible Applicants:
 

	
	Other Legal Entity
	

This solicitation is open to the following categories of applicants:
 Military
Authorized Private Entities - The private entity applicant must be in contract, or be a subcontractor under an existing contract, with the military with authority to install EV chargers.
 
 

Eligible Geographies:
Ineligible applicants include investor-owned utilities, local governments, and entities without an active agreement with a United States federal agency for EV charging infrastructure projects.

Matching Funding Requirement:
Minimum match share of 50 percent of total allowable project cost is required. Cash match only.
In-kind match is not eligible.

Important Dates

	Application deadline	

	The date (and time, where applicable) by which all applications must be submitted to the grantmaker. Time listed as “00:00” equates to midnight.	

 
	6/17/24 23:59	

	Expected award announcement	

	The date on which the grantor expects to announce the recipient(s) of the grant.	

August 2024

	Period of performance	

	The length of time during which the grant money must be utilized.	

	Until funds expire	

Funding Details

	Total estimated available funding	

	The total projected dollar amount of the grant.	

	$7,000,000	

	Expected number of awards	

	A single grant opportunity may represent one or many awards. Some grantors may know in advance the exact number of awards to be given.
Facilities | Glenn Research Center | NASA
The Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig (ASCR) at NASA’s Glenn Research Center (GRC) is a high-pressure, high-temperature combustion rig that simulates combustor inlet test … Read the rest ⇢Advanced Subsonic Combustion RigThe Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig (ASCR) is a unique high-pressure and high temperature combustor facility. It is significant because of its one-of-a ...Altitude Combustion Stand (ACS) 100 lbf liquid oxygen/LCH4 Engine.Chemical Propulsion Research ComplexThe Chemical Propulsion Research Complex (CPRC) develops advanced chemical propulsion concepts and evaluates safer propellants for launch vehicles, spacecraft thrusters and advanced ignition systems for next generation launch vehicles. It has the capability to perform sea level and simulated altitude testing, as well as advanced plume diagnostics. Workhorse hardware is available to perform component level … Read the rest ⇢Chemical Propulsion Research ComplexThe Chemical Propulsion Research Complex (CPRC) develops advanced chemical propulsion concepts and evaluates safer propellants for launch vehicles, ...Components FacilitiesAdvanced nozzle concepts at NASA's Glenn Research Center, exhaust nozzle plume effects on sonic boom hardware in the 1- by 1-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel (1x1).1×1 Supersonic Wind TunnelThe 1- by 1-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel (1×1) specializes in conducting fundamental research in supersonic and hypersonic fluid mechanics, supersonic-vehicle-focused research and detailed benchmark quality experiments for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code validation. The 1×1 is a facility located in the Engine Research Building (ERB) at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. This facility … Read the rest ⇢1×1 Supersonic Wind TunnelThe 1- by 1-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel (1×1) specializes in conducting fundamental research in supersonic and hypersonic fluid mechanics, ...Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig Control Room. Advanced Subsonic Combustion RigThe Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig (ASCR) is a unique high-pressure and high temperature combustor facility. It is significant because of its one-of-a kind ability to simulate combustor tests up to 60 atmospheres.
The 2024-25 Budget: Proposition 2 Debt Payment Proposals
Governor Proposes Allocating the 2024‑25 Requirement to Various Other Allowable Uses. As is typical, the Governor’s budget includes a calculation of the state’s Proposition 2 debt payment requirements under the administration’s revenue estimates and a proposed allocation for these requirements. (These calculations and proposals will be adjusted in response to changed budget estimates at the time of the May Revision.) Under the administration’s revenue forecast, the state has a roughly $2 billion Proposition 2 debt payment requirement in 2024‑25. Of this total, the Governor proposes the state allocate: $375 million to prefunding retiree health benefits, $836 million to repay the CalPERS borrowing plan, and $885 million to pay down CalPERS’ unfunded liabilities.
Assessment
No Significant Concerns With the 2024‑25 Allocation Plan. We do not have any concerns with the Governor’s proposal for allocating the 2024‑25 Proposition 2 requirements. As always, the precise amounts of these allocations will change in response to updated revenue estimates later this year.
Proposed Application of 2023‑24 Payment Assumed to Reduce State Costs in 2024‑25 by $1.3 Billion General Fund… The administration’s plan to apply the state’s 2023‑24 payment toward unfunded liability payments in 2024‑25 results in $1.3 billion in savings for the General Fund in that year, helping the state to address the budget problem by that amount. These are amounts that the state otherwise would have been required to pay through the state’s annual required contributions under CalPERS policy. In short, savings are achieved because, under the proposal, the state is offsetting the amount the state otherwise would have paid in that year.
…And Provides No Benefit to Future Years. While previous CalPERS payments under Proposition 2 resulted in savings over time, the Governor’s proposed application of the 2023‑24 payment would mean the state does not yield any future savings (after 2024‑25) from this payment. That is, all of the savings associated with the payment would accrue to 2024‑25 with zero benefit to future years. 
Proposed Use of 2023‑24 Payment Appears to Violate Constitution by Supplanting State Contribution in 2024‑25.