vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
40 ID Urban Warfare | Cal Guard
Intermediate:  Concrete Hell: Urban Warfare from Stalingrad to Iraq, by Louis DiMarco, Chapter 4, “Urban Warfare from the Sea: Inchon and Seoul, 1950.” 
Advanced: Battle of the Barricades: U.S. Marines in the Recapture of Seoul, by Colonel Joseph H. Alexander, Marines in the Korean War Commemorative Series, 2000

Manila (03 February – 03 March 1945) – A major, month-long battle which became the worst urban fighting in the Pacific theater in World War II. Multiple American divisions fought to capture the capital city of the Philippines from Japanese forces occupying it. The battle resulted in the death of over 100,000 civilians and the complete devastation of the city. It’s notable for American forces securing civilian infrastructure (e.g. the city’s water supply), which paid dividends after the battle.

Basic: Watch Battle of Manila Videos, including Army University Press film (2021) Liberation of Manila (WWII Documentary)
Intermediate: Modern Experience in City Combat, pages 72-74, by R. D. McLaurin, Paul A. Jureidini, David S. McDonald, Abbott Associates, Inc. of the U. S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory
Advanced: Rampage: MacArthur, Yamashita, and the Battle of Manilla, by James M. Scott

Groningen (13-16 April 1945) – A lesser-known Canadian urban operations battle that involved the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division in its entirety in the closing weeks of the Second World War.

Intermediate: Restraint in Urban Warfare: The Canadian Attack on Groningen, Netherlands, 13-16 April 1945, by Major Jeffrey D. Noll

Aachen in 1944 (02 – 21 October 1944) – Aachen was one of the largest urban battles fought by U.S. forces in World War II, and the first city on German soil to be captured by the Allies. Although most of Aachen’s civilian population was evacuated before the battle began, much of the city was destroyed and both sides suffered heavy losses.  The Americans fought this battle particularly well using good combined arms tactics.

Basic: CSI Battlebook 13-C: The Battle of Aachen
Intermediate: “Bloody Aachen,” by Charles Whiting
FAQs • Auburn, CA • CivicEngage
We feel the more information the public has about the police department, less fears and misconceptions will exist.	

4.
Where does the class meet?

Participants meet at Auburn City Hall's Rose Room. There will be a total of approximately 22 hours of instruction by police officers. All classes are free.	

5.
What are the requirements to attend the Citizens' Awareness Academy?

You must be at least 18 years old and live or work in the Auburn area. You must have no felony convictions. The Chief of Police may waive these requirements.	

6.
How do you apply?

Complete the Citizens' Awareness Academy application and either mail it, fax it, or email it to the Auburn Police Department. Find more information on the 	Citizens' Awareness Academy page.

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Show All Answers

1.
How do I get a copy of a birth, death or marriage certificate?

The County Recorder is responsible for recording and filing of these documents, so you need to contact Placer County Clerk at (530) 886-5610 or http://www.placer.ca.gov/departments/recorder.	

2.
How do I get a copy of a divorce decree or other related documents?

The Placer County Justice Center handles all civil, criminal and family matters. You can contact the courts at (916) 408-6000 or http://www.placer.courts.ca.gov/contact/contact_us.html. 

3.
Who is my elected representative if I live outside the city limits in Auburn?

The Board of Supervisors is the governing body of the County and certain special districts. They can be contacted at (530) 889-4010 or http://www.placer.ca.gov/bos/staff. 

4.
How can I register to vote?

For your convenience, you can register to vote online at www.ss.ca.gov/elections/voter-registration/Additionally, you may contact the Placer County Elections office at (530) 886-5650.
NASA Glenn’s Arrival in Cleveland | Glenn Research Center | NASA % %
By the late 1920s, Martin’s aircraft had outgrown the Cleveland facility, and he moved his operations to Baltimore.
In 1929, two local aviation manufacturers, Frederick Crawford of Thompson Products and Louis Greve of Cleveland Pneumatic Tool, arranged for the city to host the National Air Races at the airport. The 3-day annual included several types of races and various aeronautical demonstrations. Thousands of Clevelanders filled the large grandstand along the western edge of the airport and many more watched from local streets and rooftops as the racers passed overhead.
By the 1930s and 1940s, Cleveland was the nation’s sixth largest city. The Great Depression, however, brought massive unemployment and political volatility. The 1935 election of Harold Burton as mayor brought stability and the introduction of the Works Project Administration that created thousands of local jobs and produced new highways and bridges and upgrades to parks, markets, and other cultural attractions. By 1939, Cleveland manufacturing was returning to its pre-Depression levels. The city was again on the cusp of prominence at the time the NACA was searching for a home for its new research laboratory.
Documents

Aerospace Industry from the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
Glenn L. Martin Company history (2003)
Cleveland Airport Advances (1944)
Cleveland Hopkins Airport Historical Info (1990)
Cleveland Air Races from Air Racing History

	Construction of the Glenn Martin Company factory in Cleveland’s Collinwood neighborhood (3/25/1918).
	

	Postcard depicting the Cleveland Municipal Airport as it appeared in 1940.
	

	Clevelanders view the 1935 National Air Races. These grandstands would be removed for the new NACA engine lab.
	

	The thousands of automobiles that brought more than 60,000 spectators to the National Air Races are parked beside the Cleveland Airport (9/5/1938).
	

The NACA Expands for War
The NACA, established in 1915, was originally a committee of aviation experts that met periodically to help coordinate the nation’s aeronautical activities. In 1917, the group established a laboratory at Langley Field in Virginia to perform its own research. NACA engineers used the lab’s wind tunnels and other equipment to develop groundbreaking advances, such as its family of airfoils and the NACA cowl.
Measure M FAQ
Each city determines how best to prioritize its funding projects. Each city has diverse needs, as Regional Parks managers learned through countywide outreach it began in 2015. 
How does the tax help make our parks safer?
Funds will be used to maintain parks and trails, restore parks impacted by fires, reduce wildfire fuels, address invasive plants, improve signs and maps for visitors, modernize facilities, including restrooms, and maintain sports fields and recreation areas – all of which help make our parks safer.  
How can we be sure the tax revenue is spent on parks?
A citizens oversight committee regularly reviews how revenue is spent and ensures public transparency throughout the measure's 10-year life. The committee  produces annual reports and presents them to the Board of Supervisors at public meetings. The measure requires that revenue not be used to reduce existing funding for parks and recreation. 
Does the sales tax apply to all areas of Sonoma County?
Yes, all jurisdictions within Sonoma County, including every city and unincorporated area, is having the tax collected. 
How are the funds spent?
The measure’s expenditure plan designates revenue for specific needs within four categories. Each category receives a percentage of the revenues:

Support for local parks, recreation needs and fire risk reduction – 33.3%
Protect water quality, wildlife habitat and natural resources in Sonoma County's regional parks, trails and open space preserves – 18.3%
Investing in maintenance, safety and recreation services in Sonoma County's regional parks, trails and open space preserves – 25%
Improve access to Sonoma County's regional parks, trails and open space preserves - 23.4%

Who pays the tax?
Anyone who buys a taxable good in Sonoma County contributes to the tax revenue, regardless of where they live, including tourists. Many taxable purchases are discretionary, according to county tax data, with the greatest taxable spending on wine, gas station purchases, and restaurant meals. 
How can I get more information?
If you have questions and comments about Measure M, please email Regional Parks at parks@sonoma-county.org.

 

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LGBTQIA+ History - NYS Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation

in her family home on Staten Island. Today, the home is the space for the Alice Austen House Museum. Through the NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project, the 1970 National Register nomination for the house was amended to include the site's significance in LGBTQIA+ history.

Emma Stebbins's Angel of the Waters,
	New York City: Emma Stebbins (1815-1882) was a lesbian sculptor best known for her Angel of the Waters statue, which is located
	above the Bethesda Fountain in Central Park. Both the fountain and the park are National Historic Landmarks. The statue was the earliest public artwork
	made by a woman in New York City and is featured in the NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project.

Christine Jorgensen Childhood Residence,
	New York City: Christine Jorgensen (1926-1989) was a transgender actress and singer who, in the late 1950s, became the first person
	in the United States to be widely known for having Gender Affirmation Surgery. The Christine Jorgensen Childhood Residence was featured in the NYC LGBT
	Historic Sites Project and was identified as being potentially eligible for the National Register.

Firebrand Books Headquarters, Ithaca Downtown Historic District, Ithaca: Nancy K. Bereano (b. 1942), a lesbian
	activist, editor, and publisher, founded Firebrand Books, a nationally recognized lesbian and feminist press, in 1984. Firebrand Books Headquarters is
	located in the National Register-listed Ithaca Downtown Historic District, and there are efforts underway to list it individually.

Empire State Plaza,
	Albany: Ellsworth Kelly (1923-2015), was a gay abstract painter and sculptor whose work explored relationships with nature. Kelly’s
	sculpture, created in 1968 and titled Yellow Blue, stands on the Empire State Plaza, which is integrated with National Register-listed New York
	State Capitol.

Community Centers

Church of the Holy Apostles,
	New York City: The church served as an important meeting place for organizations in the early post-Stonewall LGBTQIA+ rights movement, from 1969 to 1974.
	Groups, including the Gay Liberation Front, West Side Discussion Group, and Gay Activists Alliance, met at this location, creating New York City's first
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Show All Answers

1.
When does the City Council meet?

The City Council meets on the first and third Tuesday of each month, unless a special meeting is called by City Council. View the meeting calendar online. 

2.
When will the City Council agenda be ready?

Agendas are posted by the end of the day on the Friday before each City Council meeting. View the Council agendas and minutes. 

3.
How can I watch a City Council meeting?

The public can attend City Council meetings in person and they are livestreamed and available at www.tv28live.org for viewing and also broadcast live on Comcast T.V. channel 28 beginning at 7:00 p.m. Meetings are also available on City’s website: View live or archived City Council meetings 

4.
Where can I find City Council meeting minutes?

City Council meeting minutes are available on our Council agendas and minutes page. 

5.
What Commissions and Committees does the City have?
County Projects in Tahoe | Placer County, CA
North Tahoe TrailThe North Tahoe Shared-Use Trail is the regional trail envisioned to connect North Tahoe Regional Park in Tahoe Vista to the Dollar Creek Trail near Tahoe City. When complete, the trail will provide a continuous path on Lake Tahoe’s north shore for pedestrians and cyclists. This trail is also one segment of the regional Resort Triangle Trail that will eventually connect Tahoe City, Kings Beach, and Truckee. Design and construction of the trail will be phased in three segments. The proposed trail alignment will use existing public trail easements and public land parcels from the U.S. Forest Service and California Tahoe Conservancy. No private property easements are expected to be needed to complete the project. Read more in the release below.More Information -->

 Truckee River Rec. Access Trail

Truckee River Recreation Access TrailOutlined in the Truckee River Recreational Access Plan, this trail project creates a paved trail alignment to provide an alternative mode of transportation to link residents in the Town of Truckee to Olympic Valley communities and many within the Resort Triangle. The Truckee River Recreational Access Plan includes additional parking, trailheads and formalized access to the river for the public. It also provides an implementation framework for public access and ecological restoration improvements within the Truckee River corridor. Priorities to connect planned and existing recreational trails and public campgrounds in the river corridor, in addition to drainage and stormwater improvements, will also be included. No private property easements are expected to be needed to begin construction for this plan. The plan’s environmental analysis is on-going and construction will be phased as funding permits. More Information -->

 Lakeside Trail

Lakeside Trail 'Missing Link'Outlined in the Tahoe City Mobility Plan, the goal of the Lakeside Trail 'Missing Link' project is to construct a multi-use trail from Fanny Bridge to Commons Beach in Tahoe City. This project will close the one remaining gap, or so-called missing link, of the Tahoe City Public Utility District’s award-winning Lakeside Trail and complete the integrated trail network that helps to encourage alternative modes of transportation, including increased biking and walking.
Campaign Disclosure Forms and Filings | City of Morgan Hill, CA - Official Website
The Form 410 indicates the candidate for which the committee was formed, the name and address of the campaign committee, the treasurer and the location (bank name and address) of the committee's bank account.Form 460, Recipient Committee Campaign Statement: At semi-annual intervals during the year and more regularly prior to Election Day, candidates must file a Form 460 (PDF) outlining the manner in which they raise and spend money in pursuit of elected office. The Form 460 indicates the name, address, occupation and employer of contributors as well as the name, address and purpose for which payments have been made. It also outlines how much was raised and spent during that specific reporting period and in total for the calendar year. Detailed itemization is required for contributions received from a single source totaling $100 or more; expenditures of $100 or more; accrued expenses of $100 or more; and miscellaneous increases to cash of $100 or more. The law does not allow addresses to be posted online, however that information may be available from the City Clerk's Office, 17575 Peak Avenue, Morgan Hill, CA 95037.Form 470, Officeholder and Candidate Campaign Statement Short Form:  A candidate who does not anticipate raising or spending more than $2,000 may file a Form 470 (PDF) "Short" Form to indicate his or her candidacy. If a candidate does not intend to raise or spend more than $2,000, this may be the only campaign finance reporting form they are required to file. How Do I File? - Electronic Filings:To provide greater access to the public, the Morgan Hill Municipal Code requires that when these groups are required to file a disclosures electronically. Paper filings are no longer accepted, the only exceptions to receiving paper filings are: Candidate Intention Statement Form 501, Major Donor forms, or an initial 410 form establishing a new committee. This provision is contained in Morgan Hill Municipal Code section 1.16 related to elections.To assist filers in meeting this obligation, the City of Morgan Hill is providing, free of charge, an Internet based electronic campaign disclosure statement filing system. The system is fully searchable for use by the public. This ensures that receipts and expenditures in city election campaigns are fully and truthfully disclosed, and that voters may be fully informed.
Grand Jury | Superior Court of California | County of Tuolumne
(209) 533-5650 (phone number of the court Executive Assistant who can relay messages to the Grand Jury)
Fax (209) 533-5581
E-mail: tcgjforeperson@tuolumne.courts.ca.gov

Grand Jury Functions

The Tuolumne County Grand Jury is an investigatory body created to investigate the operations of local government. Three predominant functions of the Tuolumne County Grand Jury include:

Local Government Oversight
The Grand Jury may examine all aspects of local government, the county, the city of Sonora, school districts, and special districts to ensure the best interests of Tuolumne County citizens are being served. The Grand Jury reviews and evaluates procedures, methods, and systems used by local government to determine whether more efficient and economical programs may be employed. The Grand Jury may:

1. Inspect and audit books, records, and financial expenditures to ensure that public funds are properly accounted for and legally spent;

2. Inspect financial records of local government districts in Tuolumne County;

3. Inquire into the conditions of prisons, jails and detention centers; and/or

4. Inquire into any charges of willful misconduct in office by public officials or employees.

Investigation findings and recommendations of the Grand Jury are published in an annual Grand Jury Report, describing problems encountered and making recommendations for solutions. You may visit www.tuolumnecounty.ca.gov/386/Grand-Jury to view past and current reports and responses.
Grand Jury Reports
The Tuolumne County Grand Jury issues its final Report each year in late June. The Report is available to all county residents, and is delivered to the news media and to heads of affected governmental agencies. Affected agencies are required to respond to the findings and recommendations within 60 to 90 days. The Tuolumne County Board of Supervisors must comment on the Jury’s recommendations within 90 days. The responses of the affected agencies are also available to the public.
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To align and augment community investments for families and neighborhoods in the City of Los Angeles and create opportunities for all Angelenos to prosper.

 

Commissions Community Engagement

Community and Family Services	

The Commission on Community and Family Services advises city leadership on issues of poverty, and the needs of children, and their families. They also guide the implementation of the Community Development Block Grant Program and other funding initiatives.

Community and Family Services

Community Action Board	

The Community Action Board provides recommendations for the development, planning, implementation, and evaluation of funds and other programs that serve families living below the poverty line throughout the City.
 

Community Action Board

Domestic Violence Alliance	

The City of Los Angeles Domestic Violence Alliance was created via motion of the Los Angeles City Council to assist City policymakers in addressing the many complex issues involved in the prevention of and response to domestic violence in the City.

Domestic Violence Alliance

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