vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Audio and Ringtones - NASA
Listen to 16 minutes of raw, unfiltered sounds of the Perseverance Mars rover traveling in Jezero Crater. The noise generated by the interaction of the rover’s wheels and suspension with the surface can be heard, along with a high-pitched scratching noise. Perseverance’s engineering team continues to evaluate the source of the scratching noise, which may either be electromagnetic interference from one of the rover’s electronics boxes or interactions between the rover mobility system and the Martian surface. The entry, descent, and landing microphone was not intended for surface operations and had limited testing in this configuration before launch.Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Sounds of Perseverance Mars Rover Driving – Sol 16 (90-second highlights)

NASA engineers combined three segments from the raw audio file recorded while the Perseverance Mars rover rolled across a section of Jezero Crater on sol 16 of the mission. Sections 0:20-0:45, 6:40-7:10, and 14:30-15:00 were combined into this 90-second highlight clip. There has been processing and editing to filter out some of the noise.Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Sounds from Mars – Filters out rover self-noise
Sounds from Mars – Includes rover self-noise

Audio of Juno’s Ganymede Flyby
NASA’s Juno spacecraft captured this view of Jupiter during the mission’s 40th close pass by the giant planet on Feb. 25, 2022. The large, dark shadow on the left side of the image was cast by Jupiter’s moon Ganymede.
Hear radio emissions collected during Juno’s June 7, 2021, flyby of Jupiter’s moon Ganymede.Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/Univ of Iowa

Audio of Juno’s Ganymede Flyby

Sounds of Mars from InSight Lander
NASA’s InSight Mars lander took this final selfie on April 24, 2022, the 1,211th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. The lander is covered with far more dust than it was in its first selfie, taken in December 2018, not long after landing – or in its second selfie, composed of images taken in March and April 2019.
Pluto & Dwarf Planets - NASA Science
Textbooks were updated, and the internet spawned memes with Pluto going through a range of emotions, from anger to loneliness.On July 14, 2015, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft made its historic flight through the Pluto system – providing the first close-up images of Pluto and its moons and collecting other data that has transformed our understanding of these mysterious worlds on the solar system’s outer frontier.Dwarf planet Ceres is closer to home. Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, and it's the only dwarf planet located in the inner solar system. Like Pluto, Ceres also was once classified as a planet. Ceres was the first dwarf planet to be visited by a spacecraft – NASA’s Dawn mission. Dwarf Planets StoriesMore Dwarf Planets StoriesArticle3 min readNASA’s New Horizons to Continue Exploring Outer Solar SystemArticle3 min readAll Eyes on the Ice Giants4 min read45 Years Ago: Astronomers Discover Pluto’s Moon CharonArticle11 months ago1 min readNew Horizons Team Discusses Discoveries from the Kuiper BeltArticle1 year ago4 min readNew Horizons Team Adds AI Smarts to Its Kuiper Belt Object SearchArticle1 year agoReturn to topThe National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.About NASA's MissionJoin UsHomeNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+MissionsHumans in SpaceEarth & ClimateThe Solar SystemThe UniverseScienceAeronauticsTechnologyLearning ResourcesAbout NASANASA en EspañolFollow NASAMore NASA Social AccountsNASA NewslettersSitemapFor MediaPrivacy PolicyFOIANo FEAR ActOffice of the IGBudget & Annual ReportsAgency Financial ReportsContact NASAAccessibilityPage Last Updated:3 months agoPage Editor:SMD Content EditorsResponsible NASA Official for Science:Dana Bolles
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 NASA- and JPL-managed missions are using social networking sites like Instagram, X, YouTube, and Facebook to keep the public informed. JPL also has its own blog, with posts from scientists and engineers.The following is a list of JPL-managed missions and projects and links to their social networking pages. FacebookNASAJPLNASA Climate ChangeNASAJPL EduSpace PlaceSciJinksJPL Postdoctoral ProgramsCuriosity Mars RoverMars Exploration RoversPhoenix Mars LanderJuno Mission to JupiterCassini Mission to SaturnJPL TechnologyNASA JPL Careers XNASAJPL | Space and mission updates from JPLNASAJPL Education | Space-related educational activities and resources for educators and studentsAsteroidWatch | Get the latest news about asteroidsCassiniSaturn | Follow Cassini in its tour of the Saturn SystemNASAJuno | Follow the Juno spacecraft on its journey to JupiterNASAClimate | Track the latest NASA news about global climate changeMarsRovers | Keep tabs on the twin Mars rovers, Spirit and OpportunityMars Curiosity | Stay ahead of the crowd and get updates on the next rover going to MarsNASA Exoplanets | Join the hunt for Earth-like planetsSpace Place | For elementary age kids and parentsSciJinks | Learn about predicting global weather patternsJPL Technology | Follow technology development at JPLNASA JPL Careers | Discover what you're made of YouTubeJPLnews | Bring space to your computer with our out-of-this-world videosNASA Space Place | For elementary age kids and parents InstagramNASAJPL | Managing many of NASA's robotic missions exploring Earth, the solar system and our universeNASAClimateChange | Rocket science isn't enough; we're climate scientists, too. Follow us to keep up with climate changeLife at NASA JPL (JPL Careers) | Discover what you're made of FlickrNASAJPL | Behind-the-scenes images at JPL, past and present UstreamNASAJPL | Tune in for live chats with JPL scientists and engineers LinkedInNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory GlassdoorNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
STEREO, Ancient Mysteries Future Discoveries, Sun-Earth Day, NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Introduction to IBEX
In today's podcast we'll hear from 2 NASA scientists who work directly with a spacecraft called IBEX.
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_NathanSchwadron.mp3
 
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_NathanSchwadron.mp3
Sun, 27 Feb 2011 21:35:00 -0500
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Introduction to IBEX
11:02
In today's podcast we'll hear from 2 NASA scientists who work directly with a spacecraft called IBEX.

IBEX, Nathan Schwadron, Eric Christian, Ancient Mysteries Future Discoveries, Sun-Earth Day, NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Interview with David Young
David Young is a physicist at Southwest Research Institute who has spent his whole career working on missions like the upcoming Magnetic Multiscale Mission, or MMS, to study what scientists call plasma.
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_DaveYoung.mp3
 
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_DaveYoung.mp3
Mon, 7 Mar 2011 14:35:00 -0500
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Interview with David Young
10:09
David Young is a physicist at Southwest Research Institute who has spent his whole career working on missions like the upcoming Magnetic Multiscale Mission, or MMS, to study what scientists call plasma.

IBEX, David Young, Ancient Mysteries Future Discoveries, Sun-Earth Day, NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Interview with Brian Dennis and Gordon Holman
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
David Young is a physicist at Southwest Research Institute who has spent his whole career working on missions like the upcoming Magnetic Multiscale Mission, or MMS, to study what scientists call plasma.

IBEX, David Young, Ancient Mysteries Future Discoveries, Sun-Earth Day, NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Interview with Brian Dennis and Gordon Holman
In today's podcast we will hear from 2 astrophysicists at NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center, Brian Dennis and Gordon Holman from the RHESSI spacecraft
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_rhessi_BrianAndGordon.mp3
 
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_rhessi_BrianAndGordon.mp3
Mon, 14 Mar 2011 17:35:00 -0500
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Interview with Brian Dennis and Gordon Holman
6:18
In today's podcast we will hear from 2 astrophysicists at NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center, Brian Dennis and Gordon Holman from the RHESSI spacecraft.

RHESSI, Brian Dennis, Gordon Holman Ancient Mysteries Future Discoveries, Sun-Earth Day, NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Interview with Bob Lin
In today's sun-earth day podcast we talk to Bob Lin who is an astrophysicist at the University of California, Berkeley who says that solar flares send out more than just energy.
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_rhessi_bob_lin.mp3
 
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_rhessi_bob_lin.mp3
Mon, 23 May 2011 17:35:00 -0500
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Interview with Bob Lin
6:41
NASA’s Psyche Fires Up Its Sci-Fi-Worthy Thrusters - NASA
After leaving our atmosphere, Psyche made the most of its rocket boost and coasted beyond the orbit of Mars.
For the next year, the spacecraft will be in what mission planners call “full cruise” mode, when its electric thrusters take over and propel the orbiter toward the asteroid belt. The thrusters work by expelling charged atoms, or ions, of xenon, emitting a brilliant blue glow that trails behind the spacecraft.
They are part of Psyche’s incredibly efficient solar electric propulsion system, which is powered by sunlight. The thrust created by the ionized xenon is gentle, but it does the job. Even in full cruise mode, the pressure exerted by the thrusters is about what you’d feel holding three quarters in your hand.

This photo captures an operating electric thruster identical to those being used to propel NASA’s Psyche spacecraft. The blue glow comes from the charged atoms, or ions, of xenon.
NASA/JPL-Caltech

The orbiter is now more than 190 million miles (300 million kilometers) away and moving at a clip of 23 miles per second (37 kilometers per second), relative to Earth. That’s about 84,000 mph (135,000 kph). Over time, with no atmospheric drag to slow it down, Psyche will accelerate to speeds of up to 124,000 mph (200,000 kph).
The spacecraft will arrive at the metal-rich asteroid Psyche in 2029 and will make observations from orbit for about two years. The data it collects will help scientists better understand the formation of rocky planets with metallic cores, including Earth. Scientists have evidence that the asteroid, which is about 173 miles (280 kilometers) across at its widest point, may be the partial core of a planetesimal, the building block of an early planet.  
Clean Bill of Health
The flight team used Psyche’s first 100 days in space to conduct a full checkout of all spacecraft systems. All of the engineering systems are working just as expected, and the three science instruments have been operating without a hitch.
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Dave Smith is a physicist at the University of California at Berkeley, and he uses a solar mission called RHESSI to study the dynamics of lightning in the clouds over Earth. I was able to talk with Smith at the 10th RHESSI workshop.

RHESSI, David Smith, Ancient Mysteries Future Discoveries, Sun-Earth Day, NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Interview with Barry Mauk
Today on the Sun Earth Day podcast we're talking to Barry Mauk who is a scientist who works at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab. This lab is one of many throughout the world that help build instruments and spacecraft for NASA missions.
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_mms_BarryMauk.mp3
 
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_mms_BarryMauk.mp3
Wed, 17 Aug 2011 17:35:00 -0500
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Interview with Barry Mauk
7:00
Today on the Sun Earth Day podcast we're talking to Barry Mauk who is a scientist who works at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab. This lab is one of many throughout the world that help build instruments and spacecraft for NASA missions.

MMS, Barry Mauk Ancient Mysteries Future Discoveries, Sun-Earth Day, NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Interview with Stephen Fuselier
In this podcast, we'll continue our series with the IBEX mission by talking to Stephen Fuselier at Lockheed Martin. IBEX maps the faint magnetic fields out in space by capturing images of neutral atoms that result from particle collisions along those magnetic fields. At a recent American Geophysical Union meeting, Fuselier told us how science can only be done well when researchers work together.
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED12_ibex_StephenFuselier.mp3
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NASA’s Voyager Team Focuses on Software Patch, Thrusters

The efforts should help extend the lifetimes of the agency’s interstellar explorers.
Read more

NASA Mission Update: Voyager 2 Communications Pause

Once the spacecraft's antenna is realigned with Earth, communications should resume.
Read more

NASA's Voyager Will Do More Science With New Power Strategy

The plan will keep Voyager 2's science instruments turned on a few years longer than previously anticipated, enabling yet more revelations from interstellar space.
Read more

Edward Stone Retires After 50 Years as NASA Voyager's Project Scientist

Stone's remarkable tenure on NASA's longest-operating mission spans decades of historic discoveries and firsts.
Read more

Voyager, NASA's Longest-Lived Mission, Logs 45 Years in Space

Launched in 1977, the twin Voyager probes are NASA's longest-operating mission and the only spacecraft ever to explore interstellar space.
Read more

Voyager 1 Distance from Earth

 This is a real-time indicator of Voyager 1's distance from Earth in astronomical units (AU) and either miles (mi) or kilometers (km). Note: Because Earth moves around the sun faster than Voyager 1 is speeding away from the inner solar system, the distance between Earth and the spacecraft actually decreases at certain times of year.
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Sun-Earth Day 2011: Interview with Roy Torbert
Join us for today's podcast as we interview Roy Torbert, and learn about the instruments aboard the MMS mission.
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_RoyTorbert.mp3
 
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_RoyTorbert.mp3
Fri, 28 Jan 2011 16:35:00 -0500
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Sun-Earth Day 2011: Interview with Roy Torbert
4:03
Join us for today's podcast as we interview Roy Torbert, and learn about the instruments aboard the MMS mission.

Roy Torbert, MMS, Ancient Mysteries Future Discoveries, Sun-Earth Day, NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Alert: Exciting news about the STEREO mission
The two satellites known as the STEREO mission are moving into a very exciting position around the Sun on Feb 6th.
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_STEREO_Alert.mp3
 
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_STEREO_Alert.mp3
Tue, 1 Feb 2011 16:35:00 -0500
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Alert: Exciting news about the STEREO mission
2:19
The two satellites known as the STEREO mission are moving into a very exciting position around the Sun on Feb 6th.

STEREO, Ancient Mysteries Future Discoveries, Sun-Earth Day, NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Introduction to IBEX
In today's podcast we'll hear from 2 NASA scientists who work directly with a spacecraft called IBEX.
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED11_NathanSchwadron.mp3
Areas of Achievement | Science and Technology
IEEE Photonics Society Aron Kressel AwardFor pioneering contributions to the development of quantum structures based infrared detectors and imaging focal plane arrays.

2013
Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL) Team
National Air and Space Museum Current Trophy for Current AchievementThe National Air and Space Museum presents this trophy annually to recognize both past and present achievements involving the management or execution of a scientific or technological project, a distinguished career of service in air and space technology, or a significant contribution in chronicling the history of air and space technology.

2012
The Cassini-Huygens Flight Team
National Air and Space Museum Current Trophy for Current AchievementThe National Air and Space Museum presents this trophy annually to recognize both past and present achievements involving the management or execution of a scientific or technological project, a distinguished career of service in air and space technology, or a significant contribution in chronicling the history of air and space technology.

2012
Ian Clark
2012 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE)Recognized for exceptional leadership and achievement in the pursuit of advanced entry, descent and landing technologies and techniques for space exploration missions.

2012
Dawn Flight Team
Engineers' Council Distinguished Engineering Project Achievement AwardAwarded to “public or private organizations or consulting firms that during the past three years have brought to fulfillment engineering projects which, because of their scope or unique character, are outstanding and deserving of merit."

2012
Marc D. Rayman
Engineers' Council Outstanding Engineering Achievement Merit AwardAwarded for “exceptional contributions, leading to major new scientific discoveries, as the mission director of the Dawn Mission, the first to orbit the body Vesta in the main asteroid belt."

2011
Steve Chien
AIAA Intelligent Systems Award for 2011Awarded for pioneering achievement in deploying AI-based planners on spacecraft to enable event detection and response, and sensorweb capabilities for earth-observing and planetary missions.

2011
David Diner
2011 Benjamin Y. H. Liu AwardRecognizes outstanding contributions to aerosol instrumentation and experimental techniques that have significantly advanced the science and technology of aerosols.

2011
Charles Elachi
2011 Carl Sagan Memorial AwardAwarded to individuals who demonstrate leadership in research or policies advancing exploration of the cosmos.
The 2023-24 Budget: Overview of the Spending Plan (Final Version)
Final Budget Package
The Legislature passed an amended budget act and associated trailer bills on June 27, 2023 and June 29, 2023. Figure 7 contains a list of the budget‑related legislation passed later in the legislative session. The next section of this report describes the major features of the final budget package.

Figure 7
Budget‑Related Legislation Passed After July 1, 2023

Bill Number

Chapter

Subject

Budget Bills and Amendments

SB 104

189

Amendments to the 2022‑23 and 2023‑24 Budget Acts

SB 105

862

Amendments to the 2022‑23 and 2023‑24 Budget Acts

Trailer Bills Passed After July 1, 2023

SB 135

190

Public safety

SB 137

191

Health

SB 138

192

Human services

SB 140

193

Early childcare and education

SB 141

194

Education finance

SB 142

195

Higher education

SB 143

196

State government

SB 148

197

State bargaining unit agreements

SB 151

211

State Bargaining Unit 6 agreement

SB 152

198

Background checks and fingerprinting

Note: This figure includes budget bills and trailer bills identified in Section 39.00 in the 2023‑24 Budget Act that were passed by the Legislature after July 1, 2023. Ordered by bill number.

Major Features of the 2023‑24 Spending Plan
The major General Fund and federal fund spending actions in the 2023‑24 budget package are briefly described in this section. We plan to discuss these and other actions in more detail in a series of forthcoming publications to be released this fall.
K‑14 Education
Funds Modest Increase in School and Community College Funding. The Proposition 98 minimum guarantee depends upon various formulas that adjust for several factors, including changes in state General Fund revenue. For 2022‑23, the guarantee is down $3 billion (2.7 percent) compared with the estimates made in June 2022 (Figure 8).
Faces of Leadership: The Directors of JPL
He was the Director of JPL from January 1991 to April 2001, when he went back to teaching at Caltech.While Stone was Director, JPL's Mars Pathfinder and its Sojourner rover sent back images that were seen by millions of people on television and the Web. Among other successes were the Mars Global Surveyor, Deep Space 1, TOPEX/Poseidon, NASA Scatterometer, and the launch of Cassini, Stardust, and 2001 Mars Odyssey. 
 View full biography
 
 Dr. Lew Allen, Jr. (1925-2010)
 JPL Director, 1982-1990Lew Allen attended West Point and earned a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Illinois. During his military career, from 1945-1982, he attained the rank of General and a position as Air Force Chief of Staff, served as director of the National Security Agency (NSA), and was a leading expert in the military space program. Most of the work he did during these years was heavily classified. He came to JPL as Director in 1982 and retired in 1990. Dr. Allen passed away on January 4, 2010.During his time as Director, JPL launched several versions of Shuttle Imaging Radar and the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, sent Magellan to Venus, Galileo to Jupiter, and put Ulysses into a solar orbit. 
 View full biography
 
 Gen. Charles H. Terhune (1916-2006)
 JPL Acting Director, 1982Charles H. Terhune earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Purdue University in 1938, before joining the Army Air Corps. By 1940, he obtained his pilot wings and an Engineering degree from Caltech. Terhune participated in combat missions during World War II as a Fighter Group Executive Officer and was later promoted to Commander. From 1947-1952, he worked in various positions in Washington, DC involving military guided missile development.From 1952-1960, Terhune was involved in Air Force installation of nuclear weapons in aircraft and guided missiles, and was instrumental in bringing intermediate range and intercontinental ballistic missiles to operational status.In 1969, Terhune retired from military service with the rank of Lieutenant General, and became Manager of Administration at National Cash Register's Data Processing Division in San Diego, California.