vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Astronomers Discover Planets in NASA Kepler's Final Days of Observations - NASA Science
“I have visually surveyed the complete K2 observations three times, and there are still discoveries waiting to be found.”Jacobs and others found one transit for each of the three planet candidates, each orbiting a different star, in the high-quality dataset.After their initial discovery, Incha and her team also went back and looked at the lower-quality data from the rest of Campaign 19 and found one additional transit each from two of the three stars flagged in the visual search.“The second transits for those two planet candidates helped us confirm their discovery,” said Andrew Vanderburg, an assistant professor of physics at the Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge. “No one had found planets in this dataset before, but our collaboration was able to find three. And we’re really pushing up against the last few days, the last few minutes, of observations Kepler collected.”Using the transit information, Incha and her team calculated the worlds’ potential sizes and orbital periods. The smallest planet, K2-416 b, is about 2.6 times Earth’s size and orbits its red dwarf star about every 13 days. K2-417 b, just over three times Earth’s size, also orbits a red dwarf star but completes an orbit every 6.5 days. The final, unconfirmed planet, EPIC 246251988 b, is almost four times Earth’s size and orbits its Sun-like star in around 10 days. (The first two planets take their name from the K2 era of the mission, the last from the Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) of stars in the K2 fields.)NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which launched in April 2018, also uses the transit method, surveying large swaths of sky at a time. During August and September 2021, TESS observed the patch of space containing the three new Kepler planets. Astronomers were able to detect two more potential transits for K2-417 b.In October 2018, after nine years in space, NASA's Kepler Space Telescope reached the end of its mission.
Pioneer Venus 1
Charged Particle Retarding Potential Analyzer (ORPA)2. Ion Mass Spectrometer (OIMS)3. Thermal Electron Temperature Langmuir Probe (OETP)4. Neutral Particle Mass Spectrometer (ONMS)5. Cloud Photopolarimeter (OCPP)6. Temperature Sounding Infrared Radiometer (OIR)7. Magnetic Field Fluxgate Magnetometer (OMAG)8. Solar Wind Plasma Analyzer (OPA)9. Surface Radar Mapper (ORAD)10. Electric Field Detector (OEFD)11. Transient Gamma Ray Burst Detector (OGBD)12. Radio Occultation Experiment13. Atmospheric and Solar Corona Turbulence Experiment14. Drag Measurements Experiment15. Two Radio Science Experiments to Determine Gravity Field16. Ultraviolet Spectrometer (OUVS)FirstsFirst American spacecraft to orbit VenusKey DatesMay 20, 1978: LaunchAug. 8, 1978: Sistership Pioneer Venus 2 launchedDec. 4, 1978: Pioneer Venus 1 entered orbit around VenusOct. 8, 1992: Last transmission received from Pioneer Venus 1In Depth: Pioneer Venus 1Formally approved by NASA in August 1974, the Pioneer Venus project comprised two spacecraft to explore the atmosphere and surface of Venus. Both spacecraft used a basic cylindrical bus.Pioneer Venus 1, the orbiter, was designed to spend an extended period in orbit around Venus mapping the surface using a radar package. After a six-and-a-half-month journey, the spacecraft entered an elliptical orbit around Venus at 15:58 UT Dec. 4, 1978.It was the first American spacecraft to enter orbit around Venus, about three years after the Soviets accomplished the same feat.The initial orbital period was 23 hours, 11 minutes, which was altered within two orbits to the desired 24 hours—a maneuver that would allow the orbit’s high and low points (about 99 miles or 160 kilometers) to occur at the same time each Earth day.Data from the radar mapper allowed scientists to produce a topographical map of most of the Venusian surface between 73 degrees north latitude and 63 degrees south latitude at a resolution of about 47 miles (75 kilometers).The data indicated that Venus was much more smooth and spherical than Earth.
NASA Ocean Color
The Visible and Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is a multi-disciplinary instrument that was first flown on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) spacecraft. VIIRS is the successor to MODIS, having 22 spectral bands, 16 moderate-resolution bands, 5 image-resolution bands, and one day-night band.

2010 Jun 26 GOCI
The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) is one of the three payloads onboard the Korean spacecraft Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS). It acquires data in 8 spectral bands (6 visible, 2 NIR) with a spatial resolution of about 500 m over the Korean sea.

2009 Sep 10 HICO
The Hyper-spectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) is based on the PHILLS airborne imaging spectrometers. It is the first spaceborne imaging spectrometer designed to sample the coastal ocean. During operation, HICO collected ~2000 scenes/year from around the world.

2008 Feb 28 MERIS
The Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) is a programmable, medium-spectral resolution imaging spectrometer which acquires data over Earth whether illumination conditions are suitable or not. Its 68.5 field-of-view around nadir covers a swath width of 1150 km.

2004 May 4 MODIS-Aqua
Aqua (a.k.a. EOS PM) is a satellite in NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) that orbits the Earth from south to north and passes over the equator in the afternoon. The data acquired by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua spacecraft complements that of Terra satellite.

1999 Dec 18 MODIS-Terra
The key instrument on the Terra spacecraft, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), views the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths to help improve our understanding of global dynamics and processes occurring on the land, in the oceans, and in the lower atmosphere.

1997 Aug 1 SeaWiFS
30151 Search Results for "International Space Station"
The International Space Station (ISS) is a unique laboratory operating in low-Earth...read Space Station 20th: First NASA Research on ISS John Uri...	

	4 Min Read	
What Is the International Space Station? (Grades 5-8) - NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-kids-and-students/what-is-the-international-space-station-grades-5-8

	The International Space Station is a large spacecraft in orbit around Earth...4 min read What Is the International Space Station? (Grades 5-8) NASA...	

	3 Min Read	
NASA Announces Changes to International Space Station Coverage - NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-announces-changes-to-international-space-station-coverage

	live video streams from the International Space Station. Viewers can continue to...NASA Announces Changes to International Space Station Coverage...	

	32 Min Read	
20 Breakthroughs from 20 Years of Science aboard the International Space Station - NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/20-breakthroughs-from-20-years-of-science-aboard-the-international-space-station

	the astronauts aboard the International Space Station have conducted science in...Science aboard the International Space Station Space Station...	

	11 Min Read	
Gateway Space Station - NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/reference/gateway-about

	is an international collaboration to establish humanity's first space station...a sustained human presence in deep space, and chart a path for the...	

	4 Min Read	
What Is the International Space Station? (Grades K-4) - NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-kids-and-students/what-is-the-international-space-station-grades-k-4

	The International Space Station is a large spacecraft. It orbits around Earth...home where astronauts live. The space station is also a science...	

	45 Min Read	
Early Space Stations - NASA
NASA Glenn’s Arrival in Cleveland | Glenn Research Center | NASA % %
They then proceeded to the Hotel Cleveland at noon for a luncheon sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce. Cleveland’s newly elected mayor Edward Blythin opened the event. Frederick Crawford then reminded area manufacturers of their promise to support the lab. A local hardware company George Worthington presented John Victory with a chrome-plated pick and shovel to be used for the groundbreaking. Victory described the NACA’s selection process and avowed, “Pressure and politics played no part in the decision.”
George Lewis stressed the importance of the engine lab, “Engine research is the chief factor in the development of military aviation today.” Perhaps the most rousing speech was by the Civil Aviation Authority’s Edward Warner. He said, “What we are doing here today may mean the difference between America’s survival and subjugation. The difference between winning a war and losing it may be the difference between [a] 1,000- and 2,000-horsepower motor, or the difference between [the] ability to fly at 20,000 feet or 30,000 feet.”
After lunch, the cadre traveled to the airport site for the ceremonial groundbreaking. William Hopkins, John Berry, Ray Sharp, Crawford, General George Brett, Warner, Sydney Kraus, Blythin, George Lewis, and Victory assembled on the cold field. Lewis struck the ground with the pick to loosen the soil. General Brett of the Army Air Corps then grabbed a shovel full of earth as a newspaper photographer snapped a shot. As General Brett lifted his shovel, Crawford joked that “Many an army rookie would like to see this.”
Actual construction began within days, and the new laboratory began operations in May 1942.
Documents

AERL Groundbreaking articles (1941)
Lewis Talk at AERL Groundbreaking (1941)
Groundbreaking Shovel Found (2008)

	January 23, 1941 groundbreaking ceremony at the NACA Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory: left to right William Hopkins, John Berry, Ray Sharp, Frederick Crawford, George Brett, Edward Warner, Sydney Kraus, Edward Blythin, and George Lewis.
	

	The pick and shovel from the groundbreaking were rediscovered in 2007 and incorporated into this exhibit in the Employee Center.
Terra Orbital Maneuvers Information | Terra
Leadership
      Dr. Kurtis Thome
      Dr. David J. Diner
      Dr. James R. Drummond
      Dr. Michael D. King
      Mr. Michael J. Abrams
      Dr. Norman G. Loeb
      Dr. Si-Chee Tsay
      Mr. Robert Wolfe
      Mr. Wynn J. Watson
      Dr. Nyssa Rayne

Terra Instruments:
 

ASTER

CERES

MISR

MODIS

MOPITT

Terra’s New Orbit
Terra Orbital Drift Information

A Message from the Project Scientist
Communications Toolkit
Impacts from Orbital Drift
Terra, Aqua, and Aura Drifting Orbits Workshop (2022)

Terra Orbital Maneuvers Information

Terra’s Lower Orbit Virtual Community Forum (2022)

Features

Home › About Terra › Terra’s New Orbit › Terra Orbital Maneuvers Information

Terra Orbital Maneuvers Information

The Terra Mission recently held a Virtual Community Forum on Terra’s 2022 Orbital Changes, including the 6km altitude lowering that happened in October 2022. See below for an infographic on Terra’s orbital lowering maneuvers, followed by a short animated summary of this information. 
Visit the Terra’s Lower Orbit Virtual Community Forum webpage (linked here) for more information about this webinar, a downloadable slide deck, and full presentation recordings. A webinar summary is also available in the January-February 2023 edition of The Earth Observer, downloadable as a PDF from this link. 

Animation Overview of Terra’s October Orbital Maneuvers 

 

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NASA Heliophysics - NASA Science
Our Sun sends out a steady outpouring of particles and energy – the solar wind – as well as a constantly writhing magnetic system. This extensive, dynamic solar atmosphere surrounds the Sun, Earth, the planets, and extends far out into the solar system.Studying this system not only helps us understand fundamental information about how the universe works, but also helps protect our technology and astronauts in space. NASA seeks knowledge of near-Earth space, because – when extreme – space weather can interfere with our communications, satellites and power grids. The study of the Sun and space can also teach us more about how stars contribute to the habitability of planets throughout the universe.Mapping out this interconnected system requires a holistic study of the Sun’s influence on space, Earth, and other planets.  NASA has a fleet of spacecraft strategically placed throughout our heliosphere – from Parker Solar Probe at the Sun observing the very start of the solar wind, to satellites around Earth, to the farthest human-made object, Voyager, which is sending back observations on interstellar space. Each mission is positioned at a critical, well-thought out vantage point to observe and understand the flow of energy and particles throughout the solar system – all helping us untangle the effects of the star we live with.  Chart showing the spacecraft in orbit that support the Heliophysics Division. Updated January 24, 2024NASASee the Mission FleetHeliophysics StoriesExplore All Heliophysics StoriesNews Release2 min readNASA’s Heliophysics Experiment to Study Sun on European MissionArticle2 min readAurorasaurus Roars During Historic Solar Storm5 min readHow NASA Tracked the Most Intense Solar Storm in DecadesArticle1 week ago38 min readSun Series: Bonus: Dispatches from the Path of Totality2 min read2024 Total Solar Eclipse: Prediction vs. RealityImage ArticleThe SunSpace WeatherMagnetospheresIonosphere, Thermosphere & MesosphereHeliosphereSolar EclipsesThe Sun The sun is a dynamic star, made of super-hot ionized gas called plasma.The sun's surface and atmosphere change continually, driven by the magnetic forces generated by this constantly-moving plasma.
Uranus - NASA Science
Transfer & SpinoffsSpace Travel TechnologyTechnology Living in SpaceManufacturing and MaterialsRoboticsScience InstrumentsComputingThe Universe ExoplanetsThe Search for Life in the UniverseStarsGalaxiesBlack HolesThe Big BangDark Matter &amp; Dark EnergyThe Solar System The SunMercuryVenusEarthThe MoonMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePluto &amp; Dwarf PlanetsAsteroids, Comets &amp; MeteorsThe Kuiper BeltThe Oort CloudSkywatchingEspañol CienciaAeronáuticaCiencias TerrestresSistema SolarUniversoScience All NASA ScienceEarth SciencePlanetary ScienceAstrophysics & Space ScienceThe Sun & HeliophysicsBiological & Physical SciencesLunar ScienceCitizen ScienceAstromaterialsAeronautics ResearchHuman Space Travel ResearchExploreSearchSubmitNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+Uranus OverviewFactsExplorationMoonsOverviewFactsStoriesGalleryAll PlanetsMercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePluto & Dwarf PlanetsOur Solar System Explore This SectionUranus OverviewFactsExplorationMoonsStoriesGalleryAll PlanetsOur Solar System UranusUranus is the seventh planet from the Sun, and the third largest planet in our solar system. It appears to spin sideways.All About UranusSee AllIce GiantUranus is about four times wider than Earth.Seventh PlanetUranus is about 19.8 AU from the Sun. Earth = 1.A Uranian YearIt takes Uranus 84 Earth years to make a trip around the Sun.Fluid PlanetUranus is mostly a mass of "icy" fluid around a rocky core.Bring a SpacesuitAtmosphere: molecular hydrogen and atomic helium with a bit of methane.Literary MoonsUranus' 28 moons are named for characters in literature.13 RingsInner rings are dark; outer rings are brightly colored.Lonely PlanetNASA's Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to visit Uranus.No SignsUranus cannot support life as we know it.East to West RotationUranus is the only planet that rotates on its side.Planet Uranus OverviewUranus is the seventh planet from the Sun, and it's the third largest planet in our solar system – about four times wider than Earth.
Anale Burlew | CAL FIRE
Anale Burlew | CAL FIRE

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Executive Staff
Anale Burlew

 Anale Burlew
Chief Deputy Director

Chief Burlew began her fire service career as a firefighter with the Marin County Fire Department in 1998. In 2000, she started with CAL FIRE as a Fire Fighter 1 in the Nevada Yuba Placer Unit (NEU). She worked as a Fire Apparatus Engineer and Fire Captain in NEU, holding assignments in Schedule A and B fire stations, the Grass Valley Emergency Command Center and served on the Marysville Hazmat Team. She promoted to Battalion Chief in 2011 at the Northern Region Operations Coordination Center (NOPS) and in 2014 became the Battalion Chief of the NEU Grass Valley Emergency Command Center. In 2017, Chief Burlew promoted as the Central Operations Division Chief in the Sonoma Lake Napa Unit (LNU) overseeing Training, Safety, Fleet, and the Emergency Command Center.
 
In 2018, Chief Burlew became the Deputy Chief of Command and Control, including oversight of the statewide Command and Control Program, Hired Equipment Program and the Sacramento Command Center.
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Sun-Earth Day Alert!
9:56
Over the past week we have seen an increase in activity on the surface of the Sun. Join us with Joe Gurman, a NASA Solar Physicist, as he explains what is happening in these active regions.

NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Joe Gurman, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Answers to your Questions
Join us for the launch of the Sun-Earth Day web site with Dr. Eric Christian, who graciously provided answers for our eager Facebook community.
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED10_questions.mp3
 
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED10_questions.mp3
Tue, 29 Sep 2009 01:25:00 -0500
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Answers to your Questions
11:30
Join us for the launch of the Sun-Earth Day web site with Dr. Eric Christian, who graciously provided answers for our eager Facebook community.

NASA, space, Earth, astronomy, science, solar eclipses, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Eric Christian, Active Regions, Sunspots
no

Technology Through Time Highlights with Dr. Sten Odenwald
Join us for a discussion about the newest Technology Through Time article with Dr. Sten Odenwald.
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED10_TTT71.mp3
 
http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/audio/SED10_TTT71.mp3
Sat, 26 Dec 2009 01:25:00 -0500
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
Technology Through Time Highlights with Dr. Sten Odenwald
6:10
Join us for a discussion about the newest Technology Through Time article with Dr. Sten Odenwald.
A real shooting star! | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
A real shooting star! | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

mira

Vea en Español

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galaxy-evolution-explorer

A real shooting star!

A real shooting star!

The star Mira, with its 13-light-year-long tail, zips through the galaxy at 291,000 miles per hour! This image was made from several Galaxy Evolution Explorer images put together into a mosaic.

Jet planes are really fast. They leave long, skinny clouds across the sky like fat chalk lines. These "clouds" are called contrails. Contrails form from the jet engines' exhaust. The exhaust contains water, which quickly freezes into sparkling ice crystals trailing behind the plane. 
Stellar contrail?
Well, scientists were surprised to discover that a really fast star can leave a sort of contrail too. Mira (MY-rah) is a star that scientists have studied for over 400 years. But NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer telescope captured a very surprising image of Mira. It showed for the first time that Mira has a long tail of dust and gas—13 light-years long! That's 20,000 times longer than the average distance from the sun to Pluto! 
A star's life has a beginning, middle, and end, just like ours. Only a star's life is much, much longer. Mira is a red giant star near the end of its life. It is blowing off much of its mass in the form of gas and dust. It has already flung out enough material to construct at least 3,000 Earth-sized planets! 
Mira is moving at 291,000 miles per hour. This is much faster than the other stars in our part of the Milky Way galaxy. This speed and the huge amount of material coming off Mira have created its contrail-like tail.
Seeing the "invisible"
The light our eyes can see is only a tiny part of all the light that exists. Mira's tail is visible only in ultraviolet light.
Stars in an Exoplanet World - NASA Science
Within a few days, the glow subsides and the cycle starts again. Sometimes, particularly massive white dwarfs (those near the 1.4 solar mass limit) may accrete so much mass in this manner that they collapse and explode completely, becoming what is known as a supernova.Going supernovaStars more than eight times the mass of our Sun are destined to die in a titanic explosion called a supernova. A supernova is not merely a bigger nova. In a nova, only the star's surface explodes. In a supernova, the star's core collapses and then explodes. In massive stars, a complex series of nuclear reactions leads to the production of iron in the core. Having achieved iron, the star has wrung all the energy it can out of nuclear fusion. The star no longer has any way to support its own mass, and the iron core collapses. In just a matter of seconds the core shrinks from roughly 5,000 miles across to just a dozen, and the temperature spikes 100 billion degrees or more. The outer layers of the star initially begin to collapse along with the core, but rebound with the enormous release of energy and are thrown violently outward. Supernovae release an almost unimaginable amount of energy. For a period of days to weeks, a supernova may outshine an entire galaxy. Likewise, all the naturally occurring elements and a rich array of subatomic particles are produced in these explosions.The death of a star is seen in a supernova, an explosion so bright that it can outshine the light from an entire galaxy. This particular supernova was a Type Ia, which occurs when a white dwarf star pulls material from, or merges with, a nearby companion star until a violent explosion is triggered. The white dwarf star is obliterated, sending its debris hurtling into space.X-ray: NASA/CXC/RIKEN & GSFC/T. Sato et al; Optical: DSSNeutron stars and pulsarsIf the collapsing stellar core at the center of a supernova contains between about 1.4 and 3 solar masses, the collapse continues until electrons and protons combine to form neutrons, producing a neutron star. Neutron stars are incredibly dense.