vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Areas of Achievement | Science and Technology
2022

Perseverance Mars Rover

The Engineers Council Distinguished Engineering Project of the Year Achievement Award“…outstanding achievements in completing a mission of National and international significance...”

2021

Surendra Adhikari

American Geophysical Union John Wahr Early Career AwardThis honor is "presented annually and recognizes significant advances in geodetic science, technology, applications, observations, or theory."

2021

Yoseph Bar-Cohen

SPIE Smart Structures + Materials Founding Chair AwardAwarded for for "visionary contributions to the Smart Structures community" involving Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices."

2021
Bobby Braun

National Space Society Space Pioneer AwardThe award's intent is "to recognize those who have made significant contributions in different fields of endeavor to develop a spacefaring civilization that will establish communities beyond the Earth."

2021

Center for Near-Earth Object Studies Team

National Space Club Nelson P. Jackson Aerospace AwardFor "...most outstanding contribution to the missile, aircraft, or space field." Sentry-II, NASA’s new asteroid monitoring system managed by the Center, and improves capabilities to assess the impact risk of asteroids that can come close to Earth."

2021

Nacer Chahat

IETE Dr. Sudhakar Rao AwardAwarded "for demonstrating exceptional innovation and leadership in the development and engineering of novel spacecraft antenna technologies that enable a variety of current and future deep space and Earth science missions."

2021
Dawn Flight Team
International SpaceOps Award for Outstanding Achievement Dawn was awarded “for outstanding success in exploring two alien words, Ceres and Vesta, and overcoming the critical failures of reaction wheels.”

2021
Fred Y. Hadaegh
AIAA Mechanics and Control of Flight AwardAwarded for "Extraordinary contributions for advances in the theory, computation, and implementation of autonomous guidance, navigation, and control of single and distributed spacecraft systems."

2021
Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Team
AIAA Space Systems AwardAwarded “For the design and flight test validation of the first helicopter designed for flight at Mars.”

2021

Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Team
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A solar storm, aurora from space, and aurora on Earth.
Space weather happens when a solar storm from the Sun travels through space and impacts the Earth’s magnetosphere.  Studying space weather is important to our national economy because solar storms can affect the advanced technology we have become so dependent upon in our everyday lives. Energy and radiation from solar flares and coronal mass ejections can:

Harm astronauts in space
Damage sensitive electronics on orbiting spacecraft…
Cause colorful auroras, often seen in the higher latitudes…
Create blackouts on Earth when they cause surges in power grids.

Understanding the changing Sun and its effects on the solar system, 
life, and society is a main goal of NASA's Heliophysics research program. 
Many NASA missions focus on the Sun and its interactions with 
Earth. Current missions include STEREO, SDO, SOHO, ACE, SORCE, and the Van Allen Probes.
 Check the Current 
Space Weather.

Solar Cycle
The changing Sun produces sunspots and solar storms over an 11-year cycle of activity, which is driven by the reversal of its magnetic poles over this time period. Solar storms (coronal mass ejections and flares) occur most often and more powerfully during its period of solar maximum. The current solar maximum is expected to peak in 2012 or 2013.

The Sun in UV changing over 5 years
     

A century of sunspot number data
     

Animation: EIT 195 Large (QT, 5.2M) 
	small (QT, 1.6M)

Solar Storms
Astronomers Discover Planets in NASA Kepler's Final Days of Observations - NASA Science
As the spacecraft began to run low on attitude control fuel, it couldn’t maintain its position long enough to collect useful observations. In the end, astronomers only had about seven days of high-quality data. A research team worked with a group of citizen scientists and professional astronomers and found three planets in the last bit of data.NASA/JPL-Caltech (K. Walbolt)A team of astrophysicists and citizen scientists have identified what may be some of the last planets NASA’s retired Kepler space telescope observed during its nearly decade-long mission.The trio of exoplanets – worlds beyond our solar system – are all between the size of Earth and Neptune and closely orbit their stars.''These are fairly average planets in the grand scheme of Kepler observations,” said Elyse Incha, a senior at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “But they’re exciting because Kepler observed them during its last few days of operations. It showcases just how good Kepler was at planet hunting, even at the end of its life.”A paper about the planetary trio led by Incha was published in the May 30, 2023 issue of the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.Kepler launched in March 2009. The mission’s initial goal was to continuously monitor a patch of sky in the northern constellations Cygnus and Lyra. This long period of observations allowed the satellite to track changes in stellar brightness caused by planets crossing in front of their stars, events called transits.After four years, the telescope had observed over 150,000 stars and identified thousands of potential exoplanets. It was the first NASA mission to find an Earth-size world orbiting within its star’s habitable zone, the range of distances where liquid water could exist on a planet’s surface.In 2014, the spacecraft experienced mechanical issues that temporarily halted observations. The Kepler team devised a fix that allowed it to resume operations, switching its field of view roughly every three months, a period called a campaign.
USAJOBS - Events
We recruit the most promising at America’s Innovation Agency, and we encourage you to take the step forward in your journey today by joining us virtually on July 9 at noon ET for an informational webinar on becoming a patent examiner.
By attending this event, you will learn more about the USPTO and the patent examiner position, meet with the USPTO team, and hear about our tremendous benefits and why employees love to work here. You do not need to register.
When you are ready to apply, submit your application via USAJOBS.
For more information, contact recruitment@uspto.gov.

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JUL 24, 2024

 10:00 am - 11:00 am MST
 

 U.S. EPA Region 8, 9, and 10 Federal Careers Virtual Workshop
 

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Hosted by Environmental Protection Agency

Come learn about Federal Employment at Region 8 (Denver), Region 9 (San Francisco), and Region 10 (Seattle) of the EPA! Entry level, early and mid-career professionals are all welcome to attend.
Our work at EPA has purpose and impact. From tackling the climate crisis to advancing environmental justice, what happens here changes our world. Our mission is to protect human health and safeguard the environment – the air, water, and land upon which life depends.
At EPA, you can make a real difference for the environment and the lives of others.

At EPA, you work at the center of key environmental issues.
Give examples of the benefits of working on issues at the federal level – designing the policies, issuing the grants, etc.
Highlight key programs and projects of EPA staff as examples and the impact of the work.

Participants have the opportunity to learn about EPA’s mission, how to navigate USAJOBS and creating a federal resume. There will be panel discussion to provide a glimpse into variety of careers within the EPA.
For more information or to request accommodations, please contact mutter.andrew@epa.gov, verges.michelle@epa.gov, or weber.camille@epa.gov

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JUL 25, 2024

 12:00 pm - 5:00 pm EST
 

 Department of Defense Summer Hiring Event
Universe Spacecraft Paper Models - NASA Science
The purpose of Hubble is to study the cosmos from low-Earth orbit.Hubble Space TelescopeThis Model is Rated: Challenging12.07 MB PDF, 30+ pages - Requires Adobe Reader - Prints on 8 1/2 x 11 paperThis expert paper model consists of around 300 pieces and will take approximately 30 hours to complete. It has extremely accurate 3-D representations of details ranging from the cryocoolers to handrails. It reflects the state of the telescope after Servicing Mission 3B, which took place in March 2002.James Webb Space TelescopeThis Model is Rated: Easy3.3 MB PDF, 35 pages - Requires Adobe Reader - Prints on 8 1/2 x 11 paperLaunching in 2018, Webb will be the premier infrared telescope of the next decade. An international collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Webb will study from the first luminous glows after the Big Bang, to the formation of solar systems.Kepler (PDF)This Model is Rated: Moderate713 KB PDF, 12 pages - Requires Adobe Reader - Prints on 8 1/2 x 11 paperLaunched in 2009, the Kepler mission was designed to detect Earth-sized planets orbiting other stars. Kepler has discovered over 2400 confirmed exoplanets including some in the habitable zone of their stars.OSIRIS-REx (PDF)This Model is Rated: Easy19.4 MB PDF, 6 pages - Requires Adobe Reader - Prints on 8 1/2 x 11 paperFor the first time in NASA history, the OSIRIS-REx mission will return a pristine sample from a near-Earth asteroid. The spacecraft is exploring the asteroid Bennu to investigate the composition of the early solar system and the source of Earth’s organic materials and water. The mission will also improve our understanding of asteroids that could impact our planet. OSIRIS-REx launched in September 2016.
CalPERS Mission & Vision - CalPERS
Each Investment Belief also contains several sub-beliefs that are actionable statements that provide insight as to how the Investment Beliefs will be implemented.

Liabilities must influence the asset structure
	
Ensuring the ability to pay promised benefits by maintaining an adequate funding status is the primary measure of success for CalPERS
CalPERS has a large and growing cash requirement and inflation-sensitive liabilities; assets that generate cash and hedge inflation should be an important part of the CalPERS investment strategy
CalPERS cares about both the income and appreciation components of total return
Concentrations of illiquid assets must be managed to ensure sufficient availability of cash to meet obligations to beneficiaries

A long time investment horizon is a responsibility and an advantage
	
Long-time horizon requires that CalPERS:
	
Consider the impact of its actions on future generations of members and taxpayers
Encourage investee companies and external managers to consider the long-term impact of their actions
Favor investment strategies that create long-term, sustainable value and recognize the critical importance of a strong and durable economy in the attainment of funding objectives
Advocate for public policies that promote fair, orderly and effectively regulated capital markets.

Long-time horizon enables CalPERS to:
	
Invest in illiquid assets, provided an appropriate premium is earned for illiquidity risk
Invest in opportunistic strategies, providing liquidity when the market is short of it
Take advantage of factors that materialize slowly such as demographic trends
Tolerate some volatility in asset values and returns, as long as sufficient liquidity is available

CalPERS investment decisions may reflect wider stakeholder views, provided they are consistent with its fiduciary duty to members and beneficiaries
	
As a public agency, CalPERS has many stakeholders who express opinions on investment strategy or ask CalPERS to engage on an issue. CalPERS preferred means of responding to issues raised by stakeholders is engagement
CalPERS primary stakeholders are members/beneficiaries, employers, and California taxpayers as these stakeholders bear the economic consequences of CalPERS investment decisions
In considering whether to engage on issues raised by stakeholders, CalPERS will use the following prioritization framework:
	
Principles and Policy - to what extent is the issue supported by CalPERS Investment Beliefs, Principles of Accountable Corporate Governance or other Investment Policy?
What Is Antarctica? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
The oceans surrounding Antarctica are home to many types of whales. Antarctica is also home to seals and penguins.

Come for the sledding, stay to chill out with the seals! Image credit: Kimberley R. Miner/NASA/JPL-Caltech

What can NASA learn about Earth from studying Antarctica?
NASA uses satellites to study the ice on Antarctica and how the continent is changing. Scientists want to know how changes in Earth's climate are affecting Antarctica's ice sheets. They also want to know how changes in Antarctic ice might affect Earth's climate.
One tool that NASA uses is the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite, or ICESat. Using ICESat, NASA can measure changes in size of Antarctica's ice sheets. ICESat also helps NASA understand how changes in Earth's atmosphere and climate affect polar ice and global sea levels. Melting ice sheets may impact sea levels all over the world.

Illustration of NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), a mission to measure the changing height of Earth's ice. Image credit: NASA

NASA instruments have also helped scientists create detailed maps of the surface of Antarctica. The maps help researchers when planning trips to Antarctica. They also give the public a clearer view of the continent.

What can NASA learn about space from studying Antarctica?
Antarctica is also a good place to find meteorites, or rocks that fall from space to Earth. The number of meteorites found in Antarctica is equal to the number of meteorites found in the rest of the world combined. Meteorites are easier to see on the white ice. Also, meteorites that fall to Antarctica are preserved in ice for a long time.

Members of the Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) program collect a carbonaceous chondrite meteorite from the base of Mt. Ward, Antarctica. Image credit: Christine Floss

NASA scientists have used the Antarctic environment to study Mars. The desert conditions in Antarctica are like the conditions on Mars. NASA tested robots in Antarctica that later landed on Mars.
NASA scientists went to Antarctica to study astronaut nutrition.
NASA Ames Astrogram - May 2022 - NASA
Left photo: Carl Baccus, KM6HRW is working on the setting up the “perfectly resonate” Wolf River Coil, & Alex Loop antennas for the remote stations for the Ames Amateur Radio Club for NASA on the Air (NOTA) Special Event commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Apollo 16 Mission from Daniel’s Park in Castle Pines, Colorado. Right photo: Colton Jones, a Colorado Snow Crew Mechanic Shop Manager, stopped by to give amateur radio a try under the guidance of NASA Ames Radio Operator, Desiree Baccus, N3DEZ. Colton has seen that amateur radio is an important part of communications for his overlanding (vehicular off-road camping) hobby and wanted to learn more about it
Credits: Ames Research Center – Ames Amateur Radio Club (AARC)

“The amateur radio clubs at NASA centers are made up of civil servants, contractors, and tenants who participate on their own time.,” said Kevin Zari, who has been at Kennedy Space Center since 1990 and is the associate director for ISS Exploration Research and Technology Programs. “We all have a common goal to show our support for NASA and highlight some of the agency’s amazing accomplishments.”
Zari added that he hopes, if time permits, the astronauts on the ISS can participate using ham radio equipment aboard the orbiting laboratory 225 miles above the Earth, made possible by the Amateur Radio on International Space Station (ARISS) Program. Amateur radio has been a part of NASA space flights since Shuttle Amateur Radio operations started in 1983.
“The plan is to talk about these anniversaries and their place in the history of NASA,” explains Rob Suggs, who is a member of the Marshall Amateur Radio Club in Huntsville, Alabama. “We also want people to know what we are doing now and what’s coming up in the near future,” he said.

Left to Right – AARC Vice President, Matthew Kilkerr, KN4GWY, setting up an antenna. Stephen Kuryla, KK6FKD, Ames Amateur Radio Club (AARC) NOTA Committee member, Greg Lose, N6MSN, and Moffett Field Community of Interest (COI) members from LTA Research, at the AARC station operating NOTA field stations supporting the event.
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
The IMU contains hemispherical resonator gyros and accelerometers. Four reaction wheels (arranged so that any three can provide complete three-axis control) are used for normal attitude control. The thrusters are used to dump angular momentum from the reaction wheels, as well as for rapid slew and propulsive maneuvers. Attitude control is to 0.1 degree, line-of-sight pointing stability is within 50 microradians over 1 second, and post-processing attitude knowledge is to 50 microradians.

The command and data handling subsytem is composed of two redundant command and telemetry processors and solid state recorders, a power switching unit, and an interface to two redundant 1553 standard data buses for communications with other subsystems. The solid state recorders are constructed from 16 Mbit IBM Luna-C DRAMs. One recorder has 1.1 Gbits of storage, the other has 0.67 Gbits.

The NEAR mission was the first launch of NASA's Discovery program, a series of small-scale spacecraft designed to proceed from development to flight in under three years for a cost of less than $150 million. The total cost of the mission was $220.5 million, which included $43.5 million for the launch vehicle and $60.8 million for mission operations after launch.Alternate Names23784NEARNEARShoemakerNear Earth Asteroid Rendezvousurn:nasa:pds:context:instrument_host:spacecraft.nearFacts in BriefLaunch Date: 1996-02-17Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7925Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United StatesMass: 487 kgNominal Power: 1800 WFunding AgencyNASA-Office of Space Science Applications (United States)DisciplinesPlanetary ScienceSpace PhysicsAdditional InformationLaunch/Orbital information for NEAR ShoemakerTelecommunications information for NEAR ShoemakerExperiments on NEAR ShoemakerData collections from NEAR Shoemaker
 Questions and comments about this spacecraft can be directed to:
 Dr. David R. Williams PersonnelNameRoleOriginal AffiliationE-mailDr. Elizabeth E. BeyerProgram ManagerNASA Headquartersbbeyer@hst.nasa.govDr. John KerridgeProgram ScientistNASA HeadquartersDr.
Make asteroids you can eat! | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Put the cookie sheet full of asteroids in the hot oven for about 20 to 25 minutes, or until they are brown. Using the hot pads or oven mitt, remove the cookie sheet from the oven, and using the large spoon, transfer the asteroids to a serving plate.
 Enjoy your asteroids!

 

 	article last updated January 2, 2014
 

The big deal about asteroids
Asteroids are chunks of rock that never quite made it to full-fledged planet-hood when our solar system formed. Most of them orbit the sun in a "belt" between Mars (the fourth planet) and Jupiter (the fifth planet). But some asteroids have orbits that cross or come close to Earth's orbit.


You may have heard that it might have been an asteroid slamming into Earth about 65 million years ago that wiped out the dinosaurs. Hmmm. Where are the air traffic controllers when you really need them?

We think there may be about 100,000 asteroids, from 1000 kilometers (600 miles) across down to about 1 kilometer across. We are curious about asteroids because they may tell us interesting things about how our solar system (and maybe others) formed in the first place. Because they are so small, nothing much has happened to change them in all this time. No volcanoes, no water, no weather, not even much gravity to squish things together.

Asteroids are chunks of rock that never quite made it to full-fledged planet-hood when our solar system formed.

Because asteroids are so small and (we hope) far away, they are very hard to see from Earth. However, the Deep Space 1 spacecraft came closer to an asteroid than any other spacecraft at the time without actually landing on it (which the NEAR spacecraft did February 12, 2001 on asteroid Eros). Deep Space 1 flew within 15 kilometers (about 10 miles) of Braille on July 29, 1999.

Deep Space 1 took pictures and gathered information about the material making up the asteroid. It observed and measured its size, shape, surface features, and brightness. It also measured what happens to the solar wind when it flows around the asteroid. On Earth, wind is a stream of moving air particles.
NASA’s OSIRIS-REx Mission Awarded Collier Trophy - NASA
Erika Blumenfeld, creative lead for the Advanced Imaging and Visualization of Astromaterials (AIVA) and Joe Aebersold, project management lead, captured this picture using manual high-resolution precision photography and a semi-automated focus stacking procedure. The result is an image that can be zoomed in on to show extreme detail of the sample. The remaining sample material includes dust and rocks up to about .4 in (one cm) in size.
NASA/Erika Blumenfeld & Joseph Aebersold

“Congratulations to the OSIRIS-REx team on this well-deserved honor,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. “By successfully designing, building, and carrying out the first U.S. mission to collect an asteroid sample, NASA proved once again that we do big things. Things that inspire the world. We look forward to the incredible science to come that will tell us more about our solar system and help protect humanity here on Earth.”
Established more than a century ago, the award has marked major achievements in the timeline of flight, including Orville Wright in 1913 for developing the automatic stabilizer; Air Force test pilot Chuck Yeager for his sound-barrier-breaking 1947 flight of the X-1 rocket plane; the crews of NASA’s Apollo 8, 11, and 15 for their missions to the Moon in the late 1960s and early ’70s; and NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter.
The OSIRIS-REx team includes NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; Lockheed Martin in Littleton, Colorado; University of Arizona, Tucson; and KinetX in Tempe, Arizona.
The sample from the ancient asteroid Bennu that OSIRIS-REx delivered to Earth in September 2023 will give researchers worldwide a glimpse into the earliest days of our solar system, offering insights into planet formation and the origin of organics essential for life on Earth. Data collected by the spacecraft combined with future analysis of the Bennu sample will also aid our understanding of asteroids that could impact Earth.
The Collier Trophy adds to the recent Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy received by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx team in March 2024.