vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Launchpad: Newton's Laws On-Board the International Space Station | Launchpad | NASA eClips
Launchpad: Newton's Laws On-Board the International Space Station 

 Launchpad: Night Shining Clouds 

 Launchpad: Phase Diagrams and Why You Cannot Make a Snowball on Mars 

 Launchpad: Pumping Up the Volume 

 Launchpad: SAGE III Goes to the International Space Station 

 Launchpad: Solar Eclipses 

 Launchpad: Space Age Technologies Measure Soil Moisture 

 Launchpad: Spinoffs - Technology Benefits For All 

 Launchpad: Surface Tension On-Board the International Space Station 

 Launchpad: Systems Science 

 Launchpad: The Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope 

 Launchpad: The Heat Is On! 

 Launchpad: The Lighter Side 

 Launchpad: The Search for Exoplanets 

 Launchpad: The Shuttle Experience 

 Launchpad: Thin Ice - Looking at Birefringence 

 Launchpad: Transits 

 Launchpad: Using Technology to Make Discoveries on Mars 

 Launchpad: Wave Motion 

 Launchpad: What Are Radioisotope Power Systems? 

 Launchpad: Aurora Lights: Why They Exist and What Causes Them 

 Launchpad: Firing the Space Shuttle Main Engines [Archived] 

 Launchpad: The Launch Abort System and g-Forces [Archived] 

 Launchpad: Three Hot Topics at NASA [Archived] 

 Launchpad: Liftoff with Solid Rocket Boosters [Archived] 

 Launchpad: LCROSS Finding Water on the Moon Music Video [Archived] 

 Launchpad: Designing a Capsule for Space [Archived] 

 Launchpad: Multifunctional Equipment for Moon Missions [Archived] 

 Launchpad: Advanced Equipment to Use on the Moon [Archived] 

 Launchpad: Electron Beam Free Form Fabrication System [Archived] 

 Launchpad: Ares I-X Overview [Archived] 

 Launchpad: Mass Properties [Archived] 

 Launchpad: Flight Test Articles [Archived] 

Launchpad: Newton's Laws On-Board the International Space Station

Description

Join astronauts on-board the International Space Station to learn more about Newton's laws. Learn about the inverse relationship between mass and acceleration when calculating force and see what the equation f=ma has to do with rockets.
Published on: April 19, 2013 

 Download High Def. Video
What Is a Gravitational Wave? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
What Is a Gravitational Wave? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

gravitational-waves

Vea en Español

Earth
Sun
Solar System
Universe
Science and Tech
Educators

What Is a Gravitational Wave?

The Short Answer:

	A gravitational wave is an invisible (yet incredibly fast) ripple in space. Gravitational waves travel at the speed of light (186,000 miles per second). These waves squeeze and stretch anything in their path as they pass by.
	

A gravitational wave is an invisible (yet incredibly fast) ripple in space.
We’ve known about gravitational waves for a long time. More than 100 years ago, a great scientist named Albert Einstein came up with many ideas about gravity and space.

Albert Einstein, official 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics photograph.
Einstein predicted that something special happens when two bodies—such as planets or stars—orbit each other. He believed that this kind of movement could cause ripples in space. These ripples would spread out like the ripples in a pond when a stone is tossed in. Scientists call these ripples of space gravitational waves.
Gravitational waves are invisible. However, they are incredibly fast. They travel at the speed of light (186,000 miles per second). Gravitational waves squeeze and stretch anything in their path as they pass by.

Illustration of how mass bends space. Credit: NASA
What causes gravitational waves?
The most powerful gravitational waves are created when objects move at very high speeds. Some examples of events that could cause a gravitational wave are:
	
when a star explodes asymmetrically (called a supernova)
when two big stars orbit each other
when two black holes orbit each other and merge

An artist’s animation of gravitational waves created by the merger of two black holes. Credit: LIGO/T. Pyle
But these types of objects that create gravitational waves are far away. And sometimes, these events only cause small, weak gravitational waves. The waves are then very weak by the time they reach Earth. This makes gravitational waves hard to detect.
How do we know that gravitational waves exist?
Seeds and squirrels: Nature’s approach to fire recovery
Translate

Seeds and squirrels: Nature’s approach to fire recovery
By Melanie Parker
Sonoma County Regional Parks has received a lot of questions about what we're planning to do to “re-seed” the parks after the region's successive wildfires.
It’s a lovely thought, but one that should be strongly advised against. Sonoma County’s forests, woodlands, shrub lands and streamsides already have a plan for recovery. In fact, they’ve planned for wildfires for a long time. And they have bounced back from many fires over thousands of years. 
Fire-adapted landscapes

Nearly every tree species affected by the fires of 2017 and 2020 has a strategy for returning. Some, like coast live oak, have thick bark and may still be standing with green canopies hanging over blackened understory in places like Sonoma Valley Regional Park. Trees in this condition will be helped in the years to come because the competition around their bases is gone. If burned, coast live oak have an amazing ability to sprout from the trunk. This can happen within two months of a fire or sometimes takes two to three years. It all depends on how much energy is stored in their roots and how the weather plays out. 
In fact, most oak species, along with many other native plants, have this ability to re-sprout, even when the above-ground portions of the trees are completely charred.
Black oak is a species that isn’t quite as hardy in the face of fire as coast live oak, but it still has a plan for regeneration. Because it is deciduous, fall fires have plenty of dry leaves to catch, spread and hold the fire. That said, black oaks have large reserves of nutrients and water that support prolific sprouting. Chances are you’ve seen mature black oaks that grow from many trunks, an indication they survived fires from years before.
Black oaks, like most other oaks, also reseed from acorns that fall on freshly burned soil or are brought in by squirrels and scrub jays who actually prefer burned sites to cache food for winter. The Creekside Trail in Shiloh Ranch Regional Park will be a place to observe black oaks rebounding.
Natural seed banks
Sturgeon

Because they are so slow to reproduce, they are very sensitive to overfishing and require careful management.

Status in California
Worldwide, sturgeon are considered the most threatened group of animals on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with 85% species considered to be at risk of extinction. Of the species found in California, Green Sturgeon from the southern population were federally listed as threatened in 2006. Northern population Green Sturgeon and White Sturgeon are not state or federally listed, but they both are categorized as a state Species of Special Concern. The American Fisheries Society considers the survival of sturgeon to be dependent on conservation measures taken to protect them.

Take Action to Help Sturgeon
What is CDFW doing now?

Monitoring and evaluating sturgeon populations
Investigating habitat use by juvenile sturgeon
Collecting valuable information via Sturgeon Fishing Report Cards
Teaming with federal, state, and non-government partners to monitor the causes of death of adult sturgeon, including large vessel strikes and marine mammal predation
Making regulation changes as needed
Evaluating changes in habitat quality
Examining delta hydrology and water project operations year-round

What can you do?
You can assist the Delta ecosystem and sturgeon recovery in several ways:

Complete your Sturgeon Report Card and return it on time. Report sturgeon fishing harvest ONLINE(opens in new tab), or mail sturgeon report cards to PO Box 944209, Sacramento CA 94244.
Follow CA fishing regulations, including releasing all Green Sturgeon and oversized (>48 inches) White Sturgeon immediately, and with as minimal handling as possible.
Report poaching and illegal fishing: 1-888-334-CalTIP (888-334-2258)
Report all dead sturgeon carcasses to the California carcass tip line CASturgeonResearch@gmail.com. Provide as much information as possible including:
	
Detailed location (such as GPS coordinates, landmarks, cellphone map app screenshots).
Pictures (please include common items for scale such as coins or dollar bills, beverage can, etc.).
Do not move or damage the carcass. Specialists will locate the carcass and take measurements and samples as part of this ongoing monitoring study.
Traumatic Brain Injury
Injury Prevention in New York State
> Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury

Introduction

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an injury to the brain or skull caused by an external force, such as a strike or impact. Brain injuries are often permanent and disabling, unlike other injuries, such as broken legs or cuts that can heal.
Nearly 157 incidents of traumatic brain injury occur daily in New York State, resulting in death or hospital treatment. Each year, TBIs result in more than 2,200 deaths, 17,000 hospitalizations, and almost 38,000 emergency department visits among New York State residents.
The risk of sustaining a TBI is:

greatest for young children, young adults and the elderly.
greater for males than females. Males are almost twice as likely to be hospitalized with a TBI.

The leading causes of TBI continue to be falls, motor vehicle crashes, and assaults.

Background

Brain Injuries

Acquired Brain Injury
Traumatic Brain Injury

Brain Injury Factsheet

Symptoms of Brain Injury

Wallet Card: Brain Injury Symptoms
 
English
Español (Spanish)
Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian-Creole)
Italiano (Italian)
한국어 (Korean)
中文 (Chinese)
Русский (Russian)

Who is at Risk?

Children
Student Athletes
Older Adults
Victims of Violence
Veterans

 

Prevention

Materials

Campaign: Sports-Related Concussion Prevention
Booklet: Prevention is the Only Cure
Presentation: TBI Prevention Information for Parents
Domestic Violence Poster: Heads Up!
Toolkits: Child Injury Prevention
Guidelines: Concussion Management in Schools 

Links
 

Medical Care

When to Seek Medical Care

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention
Additional Danger Signs in Children
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
Types of Brain Injury Professionals

Recovery

General Information
Getting Better

Tips for Adults
Tips for Children

Healthy Sleep Tips

Data & Statistics

General Data & Statistics

Incidence of TBI in New York State
Incidence of TBI by County
10 Leading Causes of TBI by Age Group

Resources
Cloud Fraction
March 2019
April 2019
May 2019
June 2019
July 2019
August 2019
September 2019
October 2019
November 2019
December 2019
January 2020
February 2020
March 2020
April 2020
May 2020
June 2020
July 2020
August 2020
September 2020
October 2020
November 2020
December 2020
January 2021
February 2021
March 2021
April 2021
May 2021
June 2021
July 2021
August 2021
September 2021
October 2021
November 2021
December 2021
January 2022
February 2022
March 2022
April 2022
May 2022
June 2022
July 2022
August 2022
September 2022
October 2022
November 2022
December 2022
January 2023
February 2023
March 2023
April 2023
May 2023
June 2023
July 2023
August 2023
September 2023
October 2023
November 2023
December 2023
January 2024
February 2024
March 2024
April 2024
April 2024

mov

In addition to their role as rain- and snow-makers in Earth's water cycle, clouds play a major part in Earth's energy budget—the balance of energy that enters and leaves the climate system. Clouds may have a warming or cooling influence depending on their altitude, type, and when they form. Clouds reflect sunlight back into space, which causes cooling. But they can also absorb heat that radiates from the Earth's surface, preventing it from freely escaping to space. One of the biggest sources of uncertainty in computer models that predict future climate is how clouds influence the climate system and how their role might change as the climate warms.
These maps show what fraction of an area was cloudy on average each month. The measurements were collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite. Colors range from blue (no clouds) to white (totally cloudy). Like a digital camera, MODIS collects information in gridded boxes, or pixels.
Tracking Canada’s Extreme 2023 Fire Season
View more Images of the Day:

Oct 24, 2023

Oct 26, 2023

References & Resources

Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre Inc. (2023, October 6) Home. Accessed October 24, 2023.
CBC (2023, October 19) Five charts to help understand Canada’s record-breaking wildfire season. Accessed October 24, 2023.
Chen, T. et al. (2022) California wildfire spread derived using VIIRS satellite observations and an object-based tracking system. Scientific Data, 9, 249.
Earthdata Veda (2023, May 23) Fire Perimeters from an OGC API. Accessed October 24, 2023.
NASA Earthdata VIIRS: What is the spatial resolution of the data? Accessed October 24, 2023.
NASA Earthdata VIIRS: What is the VIIRS 375 m Active Fire Product? Accessed October 24, 2023.
NASA Earth Observatory (2015, December 8) A Clearer View of Fire. Accessed October 24, 2023.
Natural Resources Canada (2023, October 24) Interactive Map. Accessed October 24, 2023.
Reuters (2023, September 7) Canadian wildfires could keep burning through winter, minister says. Accessed October 24, 2023.
The New York Times (2023, October 24) ‘It’s Like Our Country Exploded’: Canada’s Year of Fire. Accessed October 24, 2023.
The Washington Post (2023, October 18) Canada’s astonishing and record fire season finally slows down. Accessed October 24, 2023.
World Weather Attribution (2023, August 22) Climate change more than doubled the likelihood of extreme fire weather conditions in Eastern Canada. Accessed October 24, 2023.

You might also be interested in    (view all)

Subscribe to our newsletters
 

Image

Fires Burn Across Quebec
By June 2023, about 160,000 hectares had burned in the province since the start of the year.

Image of the Day
Land
Fires
Human Presence

Image

Fires in Indonesia
LAO Videos
Under the main economic scenario in this year's LAO Fiscal Outlook, 2016-17 would end with reserves of $11.5 billion, assuming the state makes no new budget commitments through next year. If the economy continues to grow through 2019-20, annual operating surpluses and larger reserves could materialize, and there may be capacity for some new budget commitments—whether spending increases or tax reductions. An economic or stock market downturn, however, could occur during our outlook period. 

Understanding California's Sales Tax May 6, 2015

Economist Seth Kerstein provides information about California's sales tax as a companion piece to the LAO's report, Understanding California's Sales Tax. 

The 2015-16 Budget: Possible May Revision Scenarios April 7, 2015

In this companion video to our report The 2015-16 Budget: Possible May Revision Scenarios, Principal Fiscal and Policy Analyst Ryan Miller discusses scenarios that the state's elected leaders may face when finalizing the 2015-16 Budget.   

California's High Housing Costs: Causes and Consequences March 17, 2015

In this series of short videos, Senior Fiscal & Policy Analysts Chas Alamo and Brian Uhler discuss the many factors that have a role in driving California's high housing costs, the most important being the significant shortage of housing in the state's highly coveted coastal communities. They make recommendations to the Legislature to address this housing shortfall by changing policies to facilitate significantly more private home and apartment building in California's coastal urban communities. Read the report: California's High Housing Costs: Causes and Consequences. 

The 2015-16 Budget: Health Benefits for Retired State Employees March 16, 2015

The Governor's 2015-16 Budget proposes major changes to the retirement health benefits the state provides to about three-fourths of its employees. In these short videos, Senior Fiscal and Policy Analyst Nick Schroeder explains how the state funds retiree health benefits and then discusses recommendations for legislative consideration going forward. For further information about the Governor's proposals and the LAO's recommendations, read the full report The 2015-16 Budget: Health Benefits for Retired State Employees. 

Unclaimed Property: Rethinking the State's Lost and Found Program February 10, 2015
Seeds and squirrels: Nature’s approach to fire recovery
Seeds and squirrels: Nature’s approach to fire recovery

Skip to Content


County of Sonoma 

 Language


	Visit
	


 Find a Park
 


 Camping
 


 Environmental Discovery Center
 


 Book an Event
 


 Special Use Permits
 


 Leave No Trace
 


 Regional Parks River Shuttle
 


 Accessibility Assistance
 


 Park Policies
 


	Play
	


 Calendar
 


 Biking
 


 Bird Watching
 


 Boating and Paddling
 


 Camping
 


 Camps
 


 Fishing
 


 Hiking
 


 Horseback Riding
 


 Swimming
 


 Tolay Fall Festival
 


 Trails Challenge
 


	Learn
	


 About Us
 


 Blog
 


 Contact Us
 


 Funding
 


 Future Parks
 


 Natural Resources
 


 Newsletter
 


 Outreach Programs
 


 Planning Projects
 


 Press Releases
 


 Support
 


 Teacher Resources
 


 Volunteer
 


	Find a Campsite
	


	Become a Member
	


 Join or Renew
 


 Gift Memberships
 


 Member Deals
 


	Read Our Blog
	


	Visit
	


 Find a Park
 


 Camping
 


 Environmental Discovery Center
 


 Book an Event
 


 Special Use Permits
 


 Leave No Trace
 


 Regional Parks River Shuttle
 


 Accessibility Assistance
 


 Park Policies
 


	Play
	


 Calendar
 


 Biking
 


 Bird Watching
 


 Boating and Paddling
 


 Camping
 


 Camps
 


 Fishing
 


 Hiking
 


 Horseback Riding
 


 Swimming
 


 Tolay Fall Festival
 


 Trails Challenge
 


	Learn
	


 About Us
 


 Blog
 


 Contact Us
 


 Funding
 


 Future Parks
 


 Natural Resources
 


 Newsletter
 


 Outreach Programs
 


 Planning Projects
 


 Press Releases
 


 Support
 


 Teacher Resources
 


 Volunteer
 


	Find a Campsite
	


	Become a Member
	


 Join or Renew
 


 Gift Memberships
 


 Member Deals
 


	Read Our Blog
	


 Press Releases
 


 Calendar
 


 Powered by:
 
Translate

Seeds and squirrels: Nature’s approach to fire recovery
By Melanie Parker
Sonoma County Regional Parks has received a lot of questions about what we're planning to do to “re-seed” the parks after the region's successive wildfires.
It’s a lovely thought, but one that should be strongly advised against. Sonoma County’s forests, woodlands, shrub lands and streamsides already have a plan for recovery.
Health & Wellness At Central Arkansas VA | VA Central Arkansas Health Care | Veterans Affairs
Culinary medicine is aimed at helping people reach good personal medical decisions about accessing and eating high-quality meals that help prevent and treat disease and restore well-being. Wednesdays at 10:00 a.m.; in person or virtual; call .
Spirit & Soul: One of the objectives of developing a Spiritual Relationship with life is to explore ways of living that work better than the ones we presently practice. Spiritual awareness is a process that allows us to look at ourselves in new & creative ways so that we may be healthy in all areas of our lives. This class incorporates activities, discussions & questions in a safe, non-judgmental environment. The emphasis is on the individual & personal experiences of our veterans in a quest for greater wellbeing & fulfillment in life. Call .
Improve Financial Future & Reduce Stress: Financial challenges are typically listed as one of the top 3 causes of stress in our lives, typically affecting 70% of Americans.  Visiting with someone about your financial challenges has been found to be a leading method to find solutions to your financial challenges and reduce financial stress.  In our group meetings and individual financial coaching, we explore tips and techniques helpful in dealing with personal and family financial issues.  We focus on helping you find solutions and reducing financial stress. This session can be followed by individual sessions when suitable and slots are available. In person or virtual; call .
SMART Goals in Motion: Join this session to create clear path/map to your Mission, Aspiration and Purpose by focusing on the importance of self-exploration to creating effective changes. Using discussion and real-life examples, this group is designed to strengthen observation of core values, purposes and strengths. Each session will begin with a short discussion, creation or update of a goal, 45-minute session break-out groups determined by your goal and returning to the general session for discussion. (Prerequisite: Health & Wellness Orientation or Taking Charge of My Life and Health.)  In person or virtual; call .
Life Coaching, Small Shifts to Make a Big Difference: So, what is Life Coaching?  Life Coaching, in individual or group sessions, helps you address what is important to you right now helping you explore solutions to your unique challenges.
San Luis Obispo Center – Los Padres | California Conservation Corps
Corpsmembers live in dormitories on center grounds. Each dorm has a small flat screen television. The center’s recreation room includes a professional pool table, big screen TV, foosball table, weight room, and a surround sound movie theater. Laundry machines are on site for Corpsmembers to use.
The Corpsmembers at the San Luis Obispo Center host a weekly community meeting with all Corpsmembers and available staff in attendance. The purpose of the Community Meeting is to acknowledge what the crews are working on, make announcements about upcoming classes and volunteer events, recognize Corpsmember accomplishments, and discuss community issues. The center has a Corpsmember Advisory Board (CAB) that serves as a representation of the Corpsmember community. The board members are voted into office during elections that are held quarterly. CAB runs a “Snack Shack,” organizes the recycling program, and runs other fundraising events to fund Corpsmember activities.
On weekends, Corpsmembers are free to do what they’d like. There are plenty of community volunteer activities offered to meet the CCC’s requirement for volunteer service, which is required to earn the educational scholarship. Brunch is served at 9 a.m. and dinner at 4:30 p.m. Recreational activities are also organized. Family members are welcome to visit after work and on weekends, with approval by staff.

 
 
 

Projects

 

CCC San Luis Obispo Corpsmember Parker Luitwieler works to fell a 30-inch diameter tree near the U.S. Forest Service property in Groveland as part of the Save Our Sierra program. 

 

Wildland Firefighting: The San Luis Obispo Center partners with CAL FIRE to provide two year-round wildland firefighting crews. Corpsmembers receive training and hands-on experience working with CAL FIRE captains responding to wildfires locally and across the state. The center is collaborating with the CAL FIRE San Luis Obispo (SLU) unit to operate the crews. Wildland hand crews help build fire line with hand tools and conduct mop-up work. The center’s crews are known as Toro 1 and Toro 2 when dispatched.