vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
@foreverBroke - Ok, here are the questions - Is mom's house paid for in full? If there's any mortgage, is it current? If not, what are the numbers? Is it underwater, i.e. owe more that it's worth?  Will the tax department talk to you and negotiate? Maybe let you make payments over time? If you have that kind of cash flow, the slower payment may keep you from killing your savings.  We don't know your age. I do know that the early years savings, often around the first 8-12 years, are the funds that turn into half your final retirement savings due to compounding.  Obviously, this a tough time emotionally, what I don't want is for you to make a financial move that is a temporary fix. Not knowing the rest of the story limits my answer. If my mom needed my help I'd want to understand the whole picture.  Not that I'm a fan, but have you considered a reverse mortgage? It may be a way to keep the house but give up the equity, or some of it, on her moving out or passing.
"Having convinced myself that there is no point of paying someone's   else mortgage Somewhat rhetorical this many years later, but I expect some other kid forcefed the obsession with propping up the housing market might be repeating the nonsense about ""paying someone else's mortgage"" and read this. Will you be buying your own farm to grow your own food, or are you happy with people using the money you spend on food for a mortgage? How about clothes? Will you be weaving your own clothes because you don't want money you spend on clothes to pay someone else's mortgage? What's special about the money you pay for rent that you get annoyed at how someone else spends it? Don't get a mortgage just because you don't like the idea of how other people might spend the money that's no longer yours after you pay them with it. As an aside, at your age with your income and no debt, you could be sensibly investing a lot of money. If you did that for five years, you'd be in a much better position that you would be tying yourself to whatever current scheme the UK is using to desperately prop up house prices."
Same thing happened in the college degree market. When fewer people were obtaining degrees a degree nearly guaranteed a better paying future. But as more and more people go after degrees the price has skyrocketed while the pay has not. In fact many positions that didn't used to even require a degree are now requiring degrees without any more pay than what used to get paid for the non-degree employee.  [It Takes a B.A. to Find a Job as a File Clerk](http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/business/college-degree-required-by-increasing-number-of-companies.html)  &gt;ATLANTA —The college degree is becoming the new high school diploma: the new minimum requirement, albeit an expensive one, for getting even the lowest-level job.  Meanwhile this is [productivity growth relative to wages](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/US_productivity_and_real_wages.jpg).  This is capital returns (durable capital [not liquid capital (PDF)](https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/jmp_simcha-barkai.pdf)) relative to [wage returns](http://www-tc.pbs.org/prod-media/newshour/photos/2012/12/06/Andrew_Smithers_chart_blog_main_horizontal.JPG).  This is because markets don't set the price of labor. Bargaining power sets the price of labor. And that bargaining power is a function of politics, not markets.
All fair points, and I agree that there is no silver bullet. Perhaps it's human nature, maybe a product of our polarized ideologies, whatever, but I think you hit it on the head when you said that people treat their agenda as a perfect solution when, in reality, there is no such thing. Automation will kill jobs, livable wage is variable, not everyone fits a uniform mold, and conversely, not every business operates the same; some are completely profit-driven, others are more conscious of their societal obligations regardless of legal requirement, so shoehorning all businesses into the same obligations seems like a losing battle as well. If the long-term data backs up the finding that higher minimum wages kill jobs at a disproportionate rate when accounting for factors like automation, then the evidence should be heeded. Conversely, I do believe that we will reach a point, possibly even in this lifetime, where so much automation exists, there will be fewer and fewer opportunities to 'get your foot in the door' or things of that nature and a universal basic income will be needed. How that is paid for, what the societal and social implications are, those are questions for another day, but that day is also fast approaching.
Theres a reason there making minimum wage to begin with. The job requires no skill and is for teenagers with MINIMUM skill. There is a reason the job is made for teenagers and not adults trying to support a family. Also raising minimum wage is gonna hurt there employees as they will higher less and have to raise prices on there products just to pay there genius stockboys and genius checkout workers who are solving world hunger.
Isn't the premise a bit off?  A *single* minimum wage worker can't afford a *two bedroom* apartment?  What about two earners sharing a one bedroom apartment?  That would make much more sense both for the workers and for housing costs in general.  My wife and I both make much more than minimum wage and we simply choose to live in a one bedroom apartment.  We get to save a lot more and plan for our future.  A two bedroom apartment is a luxury for a single person, not a necessity.  That's like saying he can't afford a brand new Ford F150 either.  No shit.  Live below your means and you life will be much better in the long run.
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Up to some degree, a higher or lower interest rate means a bit less or a bit more money in your pocket. If the interest rate gets too high, you may be in trouble. So you first look at the situation and ask yourself: At what interest rate would I be in trouble?  If this is a $20,000 student loan, then even a very high rate wouldn't be trouble. It would be unfortunate and unpleasant, but not fatal. For a $800,000 mortgage, that's different. Each percent more is $8,000 a year. Going from 3% to 10% would change the interest from $24,000 to $80,000 a year, which would be fatal for many people.  In a situation where you can afford increasing variable payments without problems you can go for it. If your variable rate would vary over time between 4% and 6% you would still be even. In that situation, go for variable (taking into account where you think interest rates will go in the future). For a mortgage, the security would likely be more important. (On the other hand, if your dad is a multi-millionaire who would help you out, then that big rate increase wouldn't be fatal, and you could go for a variable rate mortgage).  In some countries, you can cancel any loan contract when the interest rate is raised. So raising a variable mortgage interest rate would allow you to look elsewhere without early repayment penalties. Check out if that is the case for you.
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When I was pursuing my Business Degree in Canada we were told the standard notice period is 2 weeks on both sides. This means your employer is required to give you at least two weeks notice and you are required to give it as well. If you violate your notice requirement the employer can sue you for lost revenues and etc. for that time period. The converse side is if your employer failed to provide you with sufficient notice you could sue for lost wages for that time frame as well. I'm sure you can contractually agree to more than the legal minimum of two weeks.
Assume no transaction costs. Determine the price at which the investor will receive a margin call. Answer: Calculate the price as follows: $50 (1- 0.70) = $21.43 1 - 0.30 A margin call would be received when the price of Newco's stock fell below $21.43 per share. At that time, the investor would either need to deposit additional funds or liquidate shares to satisfy the initial margin requirement. Most people don't want ""Margin Calls"" but stocks may move in unexpected ways and this is where there are mechanisms to limit losses, especially for the brokerage firm that wants to make as much money as possible. Cancel what trade? No, the broker will close the position if the requirement isn't kept. Basically think of this as a way for the broker to get their money back if necessary while following federal rules. This would be selling in a long position or buying in a short sale situation. The Margin Investor walks through an example where an e-mail would be sent and if the requirement isn't met then the position gets exited as per the law."
&gt; No fair and equal is paying the same price for the same service.  I'm asking about compensation, not the purchase of a service.  Do you think fair pay for full time work in a society should at a minimum provide for a modest life in that society?
I think you severely underestimate the math requirement for finance phds. I took first year metrics with the econ and finance phds at berkeley. Almost all of them had the equivalent of a bachelors, if not a masters, degree in math. You are going to need to go far beyond calculus. At a minimum you should have multivariate calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, and real anaylsis. For example, you'll need real analysis and measure theory for stochastic calculus which would be used for continuous time asset pricing. Real analysis would also be required for first year micro. You'll also need a strong background in probability and statistics for financial econometrics and time series.
&gt; Prove it, name an example country that is now a devastated wasteland for providing decent wages alone.  He can't. In fact, most European nations mandate a much higher minimum wage than what is being proposed in the United States; and do so while maintaining a higher standard of living for the average citizen. The argument to depress wages is nothing but right-wing propaganda, enthusiastically supported by employers.
We started with our son about age 5 or so.  He was at the time old enough to understand that you buy stuff using money.   We don't give allowance, rather we made up a job chart that he can put checks on, and give him a small amount for each job that he does.  This is meant to enforce the idea of 'work and get paid, don't work don't get paid', and associate the concept of work and money.   We also try to teach him the concept of giving, spending and saving, by having envelopes with those words on them and dividing the 'commission' money between them.   The give money is used for a charitable organization.  The save money is used in a couple of ways - either to save for a large item that he wants, or to put into a savings account.  The spend it money he is free to buy whatever he wants with.   We got this plan from the Dave Ramsey Show, and it has been really good so far.  The best thing about it is that when we are at the store and he sees something he wants, we can ask 'did you bring your money?'  This keeps the begging down to a minimum and also helps us teach him to make a list of stuff he wants and can save for.
"&gt;Los Angeles is ordering the company to pay about $900,000 to the employees within the next month. The company is also being fined $541,000 in penalties   How is this a whopping fine? Under federal law the minimum penalty is 100%. CA law provides for a fine of 1 months pay for a single infraction. Considering one of the charges is ""blocking investigators from interviewing employees"" and they are completely unrepentant and pretty much thumbing their nose at LA and wage laws in general, this is a paltry slap on the wrist for a company with $1.33 billion in revenue."
A Budget is different for every person.  There are families making $40K/yr who will budget to spend it all. But a family making $100K of course will have a different set of spending limits for most items. My own approach is to start by tracking every cent. Keep a notebook for a time, 3 months minimum. Note, for homeowners, a full year is what it takes to capture the seasonal expenses.  This approach with help you see where the money is going, and adjust accordingly. The typical goal is to spend less than you make, saving X% for retirement, etc. The most important aspect is to analyze how much money is getting spent on wasteful items. The $5 coffee, the $10 lunch, the $5-$7 magazines, etc. One can decide the $5 coffee is a social event done with a friend, and that's fine, so long as it's a mindful decision. I've watched the person in front of me at the supermarket put 4 magazines down on the counter. If she has $20 to burn, that's her choice.  See Where can I find an example of a really basic family budget? for other responses.
I lived in a non tipping country before coming to the US.  Tipping is a far better system.       In non-tipping world, the service is typically awful.   Servers do the bare minimum to not get fired.  There is no incentive.   The prices are far higher than US prices + Tip, as the restaurant needs to pay salary to inefficient servers.       Tipping culture has driven the US to be an amazing service country.   Prices including the tip are still lower than most other western countries AND servers at any busy establishment make far more money.   In many countries servers are making around minimum wage, perhaps up to 20% over minimum wage.    In the US, great wait staff can earn 6 figures in a good establishment.         Tipping is better for customers, better for motivated workers, and better for restaurant owners.
First let's define some terms. Your accrued benefit is a monthly benefit payable at your normal retirement age (usually 65). It is usually a life-only benefit but may have a number of years guaranteed or may have a survivor piece. It is defined by a plan formula (ie, it is a defined benefit). A lump sum is how much that accrued benefit is worth right now. Lump sums are based on applicable interest rates and mortality tables specified by the IRS (interest rates are released monthly, mortality annually). Your plan can either use the same interest rates for a whole year, or they can use new ones each month. Affecting your lump sum is whether your accrued benefit is payable now (immediately, you are age 65), or later (deferred, you are now age 30). For example, instead of being paid an annuity assume you are paid just one payment of $1,000 on your 65th birthday. The lump sum of that for a 65 year old would be $1,000 since there would be no interest discount, and no chance of dying before payment. For a 30 year old, at 4% interest the lump sum would be about $237 (including mortality discount). At age 36 the lump sum is $246. So the lump sum will get bigger just because you get older. Very important is the interest discount. At age 30 in the example, 2% interest would produce a $467 lump sum. And at 6% $122. The bigger the rate, the smaller the lump sum because interest helps an amount now grow bigger in the future. To complicate things, since 2008 the IRS bases lump sums on 3 different interest rates. The monthy annuity payments made within 5 years of the lump sum date use the 1st rate, past 5 and within 20 years use the 2nd rate, and past that use the 3rd rate. Since you are age 30, all of your monthly annuity payments would be made after 20 years, so that makes it simple since we'll only have to look at the 3rd rate. When you reach age 45 the 2nd rate will kick in.
"From the Social Security site,  In the case of early retirement, a benefit is reduced 5/9 of one   percent for each month before normal retirement age, up to 36 months.   If the number of months exceeds 36, then the benefit is further   reduced 5/12 of one percent per month. And for a delay past normal retirement age, there's an 8% per year increase in benefit for each year you delay.  I believe the ""return it all"" option was discontinued.  There's far too little information in your question for anyone to give a comprehensive answer. In general, one needs to look at a number of variables including their taxable income with and without the social security benefit as well as their health to determine the optimal SS start date."
Re-read what I wrote.   &gt; In fact, **lack of empathy is benefitial or neutral in the fields most likely to be automated**.  Spelling error aside, this is saying that those jobs that are more procedural are more likely to be replaced.  Empathy isn't a requirement.  Not having empathy is sometimes helpful even if there is human interaction.  Consider telemarketers or online support.  They were replaced since there was a script or common set of tasks to do the job, and sticking to the script even if you were hearing a sob story was useful for the organization. Low-level IT jobs like the one this person is working towards with his associates degree, for example.
Not all Bachelor's are the same, DeVry is different in quality than Havard or even a decent state school.  And it's not 1/3rd of the population, it is 1/3rd of just adults in the workforce.  If High School is worthless and a substantial portion of Bachelor's are worthless, then those that have quality ones have an edge in employment.  Having a bachelors already puts you at an edge over 2/3rds of the work force in looking for a job, even if the degree isn't as meaningful as it was in the 1960s or 30s.  A more relevant question is how employers value a BA or even Associates Degree, as only about 42% of the workforce even has the minimum of an Associates.    Ironically, even though the 25-29 groups has 64% with some college education, only 44% have and Associates, only 34% have a BA, 2% more than the 25 and over age bracket.  Best educated generation is barely better educated than the average adult of all age cohorts.
"&gt; As for point c if you believe that it is a requirement for companies to pay above welfare levels then campaign for that to become law.  This is technically true, but if you believe it is even remotely possible  with the current political climate we live in, then this is also incredibly naive.  Wal-Mart spends millions and millions in lobbying efforts  precisely to stop the kind of laws you're talking about from happening.  To solve this at the political level, we'd first need to have a federal  government that functioned in the first place.  But as long as Republicans  filibuster and block *everything and anything* the ""other side""   proposes, we ain't solving even simple matters, much less this one.  What we need is for more people to understand what the problem is, the imbalance, the unfairness.  This is at the heart of the Occupy movement.  But this message is detrimental to the mass media outlets,  so that balloon is deflated as soon as it gets too big."
Capital circulation doesn't work in the model of everyone producing products they can all already produce independently, and the money going to raw material and 3D printer inputs are a fixed cost to all construction, which outside of asteroid mining has limitations.    The Economy needs a stable cycle for capital, the challenge with this automation is that the requirement for capital circulation appears vulnerable to instability.
To complicate things, since 2008 the IRS bases lump sums on 3 different interest rates. The monthy annuity payments made within 5 years of the lump sum date use the 1st rate, past 5 and within 20 years use the 2nd rate, and past that use the 3rd rate. Since you are age 30, all of your monthly annuity payments would be made after 20 years, so that makes it simple since we'll only have to look at the 3rd rate. When you reach age 45 the 2nd rate will kick in. Here is the table of interest rates published by the IRS: http://www.irs.gov/Retirement-Plans/Minimum-Present-Value-Segment-Rates You'll find your rates above on the 2013 line for Aug-12. That means your lump sum is being made in 2013 and it is being based on the month August 2012. Most likely your plan will use the same rates for its entire plan year. But what is your plan year? If it is the calendar year, then you would have a 5 month lookback for the rates. But if is a September to August plan year with a 1 month lookback, the rates would have changed between August and September. Your August lump sum would be based on 4.52%, your September on would be based on 5.58% (see the All line for Aug-13). For comparison, a 30 year old with a $100 annuity payable at age 65 would have a lump sum value of $3,011 at 4.52%, but a lump sum value of $1,931 at 5.58%. The change in your accrued benefit by month will obviously have some impact on the lump sum value, but not as much as the change in interest rates if there is one. The amount they actually contribute to the plan has nothing to do with the value of the lump sum though.
It depends on how much equity you have in your home. Scenario 1: Your home is worth $100K, and your current mortgage is for $100K (or more which means you are underwater.) In this case you can't get a 2nd mortgage because: That being said, you can use different portions of equity in your home as collateral for multiple mortgages, as long as none of the equity overlaps, but you may need permission from the primary mortgage bank first, for example: Scenario 2: Your home is worth $100K, and your current mortgage is for $80K meaning you currently have $20K in equity. It is possible to get a 2nd mortgage or home equity line of credit for $20K. As a side note, if your loan agent is telling you to use a different bank, it sounds like she is trying (and willing) to do something shady. If you are in Scenario 1, I'd find a new agent.