vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Solve approximately using a truncated Taylor series polynomial. I will use this method here. The Taylor series of f(n), centred around n=0, is: Truncating the series to the first three terms, we get a quadratic polynomial (with constant coefficients): Using R, G, α, β and γ defined above, let c0, c1 and c2 be the coefficients of the truncated Taylor series for f(n): Then, n should be rounded to the nearest whole number. To be certain, check the values above and below n using the formula for FV. Using the example from the question: For example, I might put aside $100 every week to invest into a stock with an expected growth of 9% p.a., but brokerage fees are $10/trade. For how many weeks should I accumulate the $100 before investing, if I can put it in my high-interest bank account at 4% p.a. until then? Using Newton's method to find roots of f(n) above, we get n = 14.004. Using the closed-form approximate solution, we get n = 14.082. Checking this against the FV with t = 1680 (evenly divisible by each n + 1 tested): Therefore, you should wait for n = 14 periods, keeping that money in the bank, investing it together with the money in the next period (so you will make an investment every 14 + 1 = 15 weeks.) Here's one way to implement the above solution with a spreadsheet. StackExchange doesn't allow tables in their syntax at this time, so I'll show a screenshot of the formulae and columns you can copy and paste: Formulae: Copy and paste column A: Copy and paste column B: Results: Remember, n is the number of periods to accumulate money in the bank. So you will want to invest every n+1 weeks; in this case, every 15 weeks.
Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) measures the percent change in EBIT given a 1% change in Revenue. In other words, if DOL is 1.5, then increasing Revenue by 1% will increase EBIT by 1.5%. Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL) measures the percent change in NI given a 1% change in EBIT. Degree of Total Leverage (DTL) cuts EBIT out and measures the percent change in NI given a 1% change in Revenue. What all three of these numbers measure is “elasticity.” The elasticity between two variables is always the percentage change effect on one due to a 1% change in the other. Before we talk about why you would multiply elasticities, let’s first just look at absolute changes between a change of three variables, X Y and Z. Lets say X impacts Y (X-&gt;Y) and Y impacts Z (Y-&gt;Z). To make it even more concrete, let’s imagine a classroom where every student is required to have 2 books and every book has 100 pages. So X = # students, Y = # of books, and Z = # of pages. If we add one student to the class, we need to add 2 books. If we add 1 book to the class, we have added 100 pages. With absolute changes like this it is obvious that we don’t add, we multiply. In other words, to directly see the impact of a new student on the number of pages (X -&gt; Z), we would say 1 student -&gt; 2 books -&gt; 200 pages. To say 102 pages would obviously be silly. For percent changes, this looks pretty similar. To make it easy say the class has 100 students. So adding 1 student is a 1% change. Then we go from 200 books to 202 books, a 1% change. So the degree of Student to Book Leverage is 1 (which make sense there are no “fixed pages”). We go from 20,000 pages to 20,200 pages, also a 1% change so the degree of Book to Page leverage is also 1. Thus, the Student to Page leverage is also just a flat 1. Let’s add fixed amounts.
The only difference now is that burger king will not have to pay US taxes on foreign profits that stayed in foreign markets. The US doesn't care where you made the money or where it is staying they think they deserve a cut just because of where a company is headquartered.
buying real estate is for people with sufficient financial resources to cover market downturns. Please read about the 2008 real estate market. Investing in real estate when you are a poor college student is a sure way to become a bankrupt college student. A single word answer to your question: No. Not reasonable. Your best investment is completing college with as little debt as possible and the most practical experience in the market area you are interested in entering.
So adding 1 student is a 1% change. Then we go from 200 books to 202 books, a 1% change. So the degree of Student to Book Leverage is 1 (which make sense there are no “fixed pages”). We go from 20,000 pages to 20,200 pages, also a 1% change so the degree of Book to Page leverage is also 1. Thus, the Student to Page leverage is also just a flat 1. Let’s add fixed amounts. The teacher has a single 2,000 page book on how to teach. We’ll assume the class has 20 students. So we start with 20*2 + 1 = 41 books and 40*100 + 2,000 = 6,000 pages. Let’s add a student. We have a 21/20 -1 = 4% increase in students. 43/41 -1 = 4.89% increase in books. 6,200/6,000 – 1 = 3.33% increase in pages. So the Degree of Student to Book Leverage is 4.00/4.89 = 0.818 and the Degree of Book to Page Leverage is 4.89/3.33 = 1.47. And the direct Student to Page Leverage is 4.00/3.33 = 1.20. Again, note that here it would be silly to add the degrees of leverage, and when we do multiply them we get 0.82*1.47 = 1.2, the right answer. From here the application to EBIT [= Sales - Fixed Cost - Variable Cost = (Gross Margin * Sales) - Fixed Cost] and the application to EPS [= EBIT - Interest – Taxes = (1 – tax rate)*(EBIT – Interest)] should be obvious. I can supply the full proof mathematically, however, if you would like.
"Since you already have an emergency fund in place, focus your extra funds on paying off debts like student loans. While some have advised you to play the stock market, not one person has mentioned the word ""risk"". You are gambling (""investing"") your money in the hopes your money will grow. Your student loan is real liability. The longer you keep the loan, the more interest you will pay. You can pay off your student loan in 21 months if you pay $1,100 each month. After the 21 months, you can almost fully fund a 401(k) each year. That will be amazing at your age. Our company gives us the Vanguard Retirement Fund with a low expense ratio of 0.19%. It is passive automated investing where you don't have to think about it. Just add money and just let it ride."
I don't know about that particular program, but more often than training foreign doctors are US medical schools are simply hiring doctors trained in foreign medical schools. Unlike most disciplines, the AMA controls the number of medical students admitted each year to medical colleges. This keeps the supply of doctors down, unlike, say, paw school or MBA programs, where there could be more supply than demand. The lack of demand keeps the wages high for doctors, but the alleged reason for restricting student numbers is higher quality. As far as giving the limited seats to immigrants, it doesn't affect supply. Hiring foreign trained doctors who pass the USMLE does affect supply; that is an example of using immigrant labor to increase worker supply and drive down wages.
I mean, yeah, that is true. Your point is a valid concern and I do think it could potentially reduce the number of EU students studying in the U.K. It is something the British need to keep an eye on over the next decade.  But think about it ... to go to the US to study as a European, you need a student visa as well and our influx of foreign students coming to study in America continues to grow. You need a student visa to go pretty much anywhere in the world besides the 28 EU countries.   I think the main factor is having a strong university network as a nation and the U.K. definitely has that. They had it before the EU was even created. As long as the U.K. has that strong education foundation, people will continue to study there. Not to mention, students go for the added benefit of improving their English skills.  https://www.google.com/amp/www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/11/12/record-number-of-international-students-studying-in-u-s/%3famp=1
Let me begin with very interesting article that was published in Charlotte Business Journal on August 17, 2012. According to the news - Bridgetree wins $4.2 million jury award against Red F Marketing of Charlotte and others, including its founder, Dan Roselli, in a software trade-secrets case.
Funny, I can't get them to leave me the f--- alone in Electronics... there're always a half dozen guards ready to harass me if I so much as step foot in their area, and they're usually smack between me and what I'm after.
But I hear that an International Business degree is not so great, does that matter once you have a masters in A&amp;F? Also, if i plan on working in the US, is a degree obtained in the US favored over an EU degree? Or is the uni that i went to more important? Thank you
Would you also suggest some stock with interesting returns and risks? Because i tried with FB, GS, JNJ, MCD, F and the have low returns in the last 5 years, so when you compare them to commodities you don't see so much difference in stdev and returns.
&gt; Neither party gives an F about the consumer.  In this case, every single democrat voted against this. And only 3 republicans in congress crossed party lines to vote with the democrats.  Your statement may have general truth, but this was pretty much a party line vote.
I asked this exact same question in class one day. I believe the solution was the board of governors would be the ones still in control. Might be more to it than just that.   People laughed at me when i asked this question! F them! Its a good question!
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What's f'd up is that we live in a business culture that allows this stuff to happen.  Capitalism where the end consumer is a product to be sold to shareholders and regulations are the antichrist unless they are the monopolies that allow them to treat their costumers like shit in the first place.
"What most of these answers here seem to be missing is that a stock ""price"" is not exactly what we typically expect a price to be--for example, when we go in to the supermarket and see that the price of a gallon of milk is $2.00, we know that when we go to the cash register that is exactly how much we will pay. This is not, however, the case for stocks. For stocks, when most people talk about the price or quote, they are really referring to the last price at which that stock traded--which unlike for a gallon of milk at the supermarket, is no guarantee of what the next stock price will be. Relatively speaking, most stocks are extremely liquid, so they will react to any information which the ""market"" believes has a bearing on the value of their underlying asset almost (if not) immediately. As an extreme example, if allegations of accounting fraud for a particular company whose stock is trading at $40 come out mid-session, there will not be a gradual decline in the price ($40 -> $39.99 -> $39.97, etc.)-- instead, the price will jump from $40 to say, $20. In the time between the the $40 trade and the $20 trade, even though we may say the price of the stock was $40, that quote was actually a terrible estimate of the stock's current (post-fraud announcement) price. Considering that the ""price"" of a stock typically does not remain constant even in the span of a few seconds to a few minutes, it should not be hard to believe that this price will not remain constant over the 17.5 hour period from the previous day's close to the current day's open. Don't forget that as Americans go to bed, the Asian markets are just opening, and by the time US markets have opened, it is already past 2PM in London. In addition to the information (and therefore new knowledge) gained from these foreign markets' movements, macro factors can also play an important part in a security's price-- perhaps the ECB makes a morning statement that is interpreted as negative news for the markets or a foreign government before the US markets open.
"Here's what a US ""free trade"" agreement looks like to any foreign nation  1) You must buy our very expensive drugs   2) You must allow all our products in without tariffs    3) You must adopt our fucked up copyright laws     4) Fuck You."
If you are looking for money to speculate in the capital markets, then your brokers will already lend to you at a MUCH more favorable rate than an outside party will. For instance, with $4,000 you could EASILY control $40,000 with many brokers, at a 1% interest rate. This is 10:1 leverage, much like how US banks operate... every dollar that you deposit with them, they speculate with 10x as much. Interactive Brokers will do this for you with your current credit score. They are very reputable and clear through Goldman Sachs, so although reputable is subjective in the investment banking world, you won't have to worry the federal government raiding them or anything. If you are investing in currencies than you can easily do 50:1 leverage as an American, or 100:1 as anyone else. This means with only $400 dollars you can control $40,000 account. If you are investing in the futures market, then there are many many ways to double and triple and quadruple your leverage at the lowest interests rates. Any contract you enter into is a loan from the market. You have to understand, that if you did happen to have $40,000 of your own money, then you could get $4,000,000 account size for speculating, at 1% interest. Again, these are QUICK ways to lose your money and owe a lot more! So I'd really advise against it. A margin call in the futures market can destroy you. I advise you to just think more efficiently until you come up with a way to earn that much money initially, and then speculate.
As you have already good on your retirement kitty. Assuming you have a sufficient cash for difficult situations, explore the options of investing in Shares and Mutual Funds. As you are new to Stock Market, begin slowly by investing into Mutual Funds and ETF for precious metals. This will help you understand and give you confidence on markets and returns. Real estate is a good option, the down side being the hassle of getting rental and the illiquid nature of the investment.
For a company the size of Amazon a 1% increase in prices is substantial.  Many of their products are in fiercely competitive price sensitive markets.  There are some products that people would notice a 1% difference from competitors.  So the actual increase would have to be concentrated on a smaller subset of products that are not as price sensitive.  However, that would still mean reduced sales.  In short, I don't think amazon is foregoing a 50% bump in profits if they could get it.  Also a 5% SGA cut is absolutely enormous for a lean organization.  In any one year that would mean an effective ~10% cut once you factor in inflation.
GDP growth is one of several components of nominal equity returns; the (probably not comprehensive) list includes:  Real GDP/earnings growth  Inflation  Dividend payouts and share buybacks  Multiple expansion (the market willing to pay more per dollar of earnings)  Changes in interest rate expectations  As other comments mention you could also see larger companies tending to deliver higher returns as for any number of reasons related to M&amp;A, expansion into foreign markets, etc.
I do not think it is work ethic.  I think the issue is people just do not have a choice but to do whatever their employer wants.  If everyone was say rich then they could just tell their employer to F*** Off.  Or if the USA had a strong economic safety net then people could tell their boss to F*** Off.  But since the USA does not then the people are just wage slaves.  I think the work ethic in other countries is more extreme than the USA but those nations people do tell their employer to get lost.
Best consult a CA as you may anyway need his/her service. I am NRI, availed secured loan (Against house property) in India and now I want to get that money transferred to Finland. Loans by NRI taken in India cannot be transferred outside of India. Refer FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT (BORROWING AND LENDING IN RUPEES) REGULATIONS Loans in Rupees to non-residents 1[***].     7. Subject to the directions issued by the Reserve Bank from time to time in this regard, an authorised dealer in India may grant loan to a     non-resident Indian, (B) against the security of immovable property (other than   agricultural or plantation property or farm house), held by him in   accordance with the Foreign Exchange Management (Acquisition and   Transfer of Immovable Property in India) Regulations, 2000 :   ......   Provided that-   (d) the loan amount shall not be remitted outside India; Alternative: Sell the property in India, transfer the proceeds to NRO account. Repatriate the funds outside India as per Liberalized Remittance Scheme. Form 15CA/CB with CA certificate will be required.
Sounds like apple is using leverage, derivatives and its balance sheet responsibly. The numbers are big because this is the largest company in the world.    Obviously, they are gonna get in trouble if people stop buying iPhones, but if there core business remains healthy they will have no issue accessing capital markets to issue debt.   The foreign cash holdings is actually held at bank accounts in ny or ca held in US government securities as tax law allows.  If they sell government securities and use the cash they will be subject to the 35% tax.  In any case the only risk I see at these levels is apple may be taking corporate credit risk it doesn't understand or can't model....  I didn't realize how big these financial operations were getting - great share!
I've always understood inflation to be linked to individual currencies, although my only research into the subject was an intro economics course in undergrad and I don't recall seeing why that would be the case.  I guess the basic principle is that currency traders are watching the printing presses and trading in exchange markets to the point that the exchange rates fall in relation to increases in money supply. There's probably something about the carry trade in there as well, but it's late and I took some medications, so someone else will have to carry that torch. I must admit I've not really paid attention to foreign currencies like HKD, but the proximity and political relationship with China probably greatly complicates your question, since part of the problem has been China's currency peg.
"I came across a text when I was reading my textbook a few days ago that talked about how China surpassed Japan as world's second largest economy in 2011. I read some articles and I thought it was really interesting to see how China is developing so quickly. I understand to have economic growth, you have to have increase factors of production; and that technology is the fourth factors of production.   From an economic standpoint, how do one measure ""tech?""    And what do you mean markets innovate, while governments help?   Thank you in advance.   -Curious student"
I'm a college student and recently got an interview at an energy investing firm for a job upon graduation. I have academic and extracurricular experience in finance, but I'm not too knowledgeable on the energy sector.    What are some good resources (websites, newsletters, etc.) on learning more about the energy industry?  Are there any industry specific questions that are likely to come up during the interview?
"The three basic needs are food, clothing, and shelter. Housing falls into the third category. Because it is ""basic,"" housing takes up a large part of one's disposable income. The rule of thumb is that you shouldn't spend more than 25% of your income on rent or mortgages. And that is income BEFORE taxes. Anything much more than that takes up too much of one's budget. You simply CAN'T double housing's share of the budget from 25% to 50%. Whereas, it's easy to go from 1% to 2% for say, a cellphone upgrade. In the long run, housing prices are constrained by the size of people's housing budgets, which in turn are tied to incomes. Nowadays, that includes FOREIGN buyers. So there may be a case where west coast housing prices are driven up by Asian buyers, or Florida housing by buyers from Latin America, driving Americans out of local markets."
So like any market, the housing market will *on average* trend upward. But the extreme prices we're seeing in Toronto or San Francisco are not part of the normal market growth. There's a lot of factors that can affect housing outside of just increased demand. Here's a few of the big ones.  1) Low-Interest Rates: Since (2008? I think) interests rates have been really low, meaning mortgages are really low. If you can borrow money at 4% and the inflation rate is 8%, you've borrowed expensive dollars and are paying back in cheap dollars.  2)NIMBY (Not in my back yard): If you have enough land to build 10 houses or one 100 apartment building, what do you build? Theoretically the apartment building, but in reality, the people that already paid for their million dollar house, don't want a giant apartment complex bringing down the value of the neighborhood and ruining their views. So they pass laws preventing new and bigger buildings, meaning higher prices for the homes that already exist. And as a bonus, it's easier on the city to have 10 people who make a million dollars a year than a 100 people who make 100,000 a year.  Foreign investment: So there's a lot of places where people have money, but because of corruption or shaky economies, it's not safe to hold it there. So you buy properties in the U.S. or Canada because you know no one's going to seize it and it's (generally) not going to lose value. So you end up with foreign dollars competing with the local markets for housing, driving the price up.
"Diversify into leveraged short/bear ETFs and then you can quit your job and yell at your boss ""F you I'm short your house!"" edit: this is a quote from Greg Lippmann and mentioned in the book ""The Big Short"""
Martin Shkreli was only able to do what he did, because of the stupid rules government put in place.  There is a reliable generic today.  Many, in fact.  But you can't buy it because it's foreign.  (Oh, think of all the poor Australians, Canadians, and Italians, dropping over dead from their unsafe pills!!! We can't allow that here!  /s)  It's $1 or less a pill in other first world countries with stellar pharmaceutical industries.  Congress could fix it in 10 minutes but they don't.  Shkreli played by the rules put in place.
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From the letter you link: Our performance, relatively, is likely to be better in a bear market than in a bull market so that   deductions made from the above results should be tempered by the fact that it was the type of year when we   should have done relatively well. In a year when the general market had a substantial advance I would be well   satisfied to match the advance of the Averages. Putting those two sentences together, the word relatively means that his funds perform better than the market in bear markets and perform about the same as the overall market in bull markets. It does not mean that absolute performance is better in bear markets than bull markets. Later on he states  This policy should lead to superior results in bear markets and average performance in bull markets.