vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
"No, it isn't generally believed that inflation is caused by individual banks printing money.  Governments manage money supply through Central Banks (which may, or may not, be independent of the state). There are a number of theories about money supply and inflation (from Monetarist, to Keynesian, and so on). The Quantity Theory of Inflation says that long-term inflation is the result of money-supply but short-term inflation is related to events/local conditions. Short-term inflation is a symptom of economic change.  It's like a cough for a doctor.  It simply indicates an underlying event. When prices go up it encourages new producers to enter the market, create new supply which will then act to lower prices.  In this way inflation is managed by ensuring that information travels throughout the economy.  If prices go up for specific goods, then - all things being equal - supply should go up since the increase implies increasing demand.  If prices go down then this implies demand has gone down and so producers will reduce supply. Obviously this isn't a perfect relationship.  There is ""stickiness"" which can be caused by a whole bunch of market conditions (from banning of short-selling, to inelasticity of demand/supply). Your question isn't about quantitative easing (which is a state-led way of increasing money-supply and which could increase inflation but is hoped to increase expenditure and investment) so I won't cover that here. The important take-away is that inflation is an essential price signal to investors and business people so that they can assess market cycles.  Without it we would end up with vast over- or under-supply and much greater economic disruption."
because it cost the insurer more, obviously. while this sounds snarky, it's important to realize that actual insurance companies set their insurance rates based on actual historical costs. for some reason people who report low miles have cost the company more dollars per reported mile than people who report high miles. in that sense, insurance is not overpriced. if it were truly overpriced, then an insurer would specialize in such insurance and make a killing on the free market. the more interesting questions is why do drivers who claim to travel very few miles cost the insurance companies so much per mile? that question has a host of possible answers and it's difficult to say which is the largest cost. here are just a few:
"In the UK there is a School Rewards System used in many schools to teach kids and teens  about finance and economy. In the UK there is a framework for schools called ""Every Child Matters"" in which ‘achieving economic well-being’ is an important element. I think is important to offer to offer a real-life vehicle for financial learning beyond the theory."
"Until we have full automation for needs: my point stands.   The government is currently run by people, they should also get as well as corporate governances. It's a problem when the CEO of GM or AIG can pull down millions a year while putting the entire economy in the dumps.  All while the president makes $400K.  You get strange candidates as the norm.  Nobody has defined ""basic needs"".  Even when it comes to ""basic medical coverage"".  Is there a dollar cap? A service cap?    It is very hard to draw a line in between unlimited and anything else.  Service X is covered, but Service Y is not. Why: Cost? Efficacy? Above Basic?"
"Senate vs. House Health-Care bills. Summarized from bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-06-22/republicans-health-care-bills-boil-down-to-more-obamacare 1) Reduces subsidies from eligibility from 400 percent of the federal poverty line which is a hair under $100,000 a year for a family of four to 350 percent of the poverty line which is about $86,000. 2) Reduces premium subsidies which determines the subsidy level which should cover about 70 percent of anticipated health expenses -- to one with an actuarial value of 58 percent causing people to opt for plans with higher deductibles. To offset effects on the elderly the bill changes the subsidy formula to account for age. 3) Obamacare's growth subsidy cap on premium subsidies changed from 0.504 percent of GDP 0.4 percent of GDP meaning program cap is more likely to hit cutting subsidies to some groups. 4) Eliminates the individual and employer mandates may destabilize the Obamacare exchanges and subsidies. 5) Restricts the already small abortion coverage. 6) Ends the cost-sharing reductions that lowered out-of-pocket expenditures for people making less than 250 percent of the federal poverty line not funded since Republicans took over Congress. The bill pays the insurers the money they’ve been owed. Ending the program makes Obamacare significantly less attractive for the folks whose policies are so heavily subsidized. 7) States given a great deal more flexibility expedite waiver program with less interference from federal regulators. 8) Eliminates many Obamacare taxes on everything from tanning to high earners. The “Cadillac tax” on pricey employer-sponsored insurance postponed until 2026 ending an attempt to curtail our nation’s hog-wild tax subsidies for employer-sponsored insurance. Presumably, senators are keeping the tax in after Doing so reduces the apparent cost of a full repeal. 9) Market stabilization funds designed to keep the dreaded “death spiral” from happening by dealing with the major problem driving costs on the exchanges: very sick people. Details on this are sketchy, because states are expected to design programs to meet the goal. If it works, it has the potential to substantially improve the sustainability of the exchanges.
It is not the requester's responsibility to guaranty that the bidders make a profit.  Masdar is sovereign wealth money and their interests are not 100% aligned with the profit motive. Winning big projects, keeping the pipeline full and having sufficient market penetration in their backyard is important too.
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Look at their dividend history.  The chart there is simply reporting the most recent dividend (or a recent time period, in any event).  GF for example: http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/gf/dividend-history It's had basically two significant dividends and a bunch of small dividends.  Past performance is not indicative of future returns and all that.  It might never have a similar dividend again. What you're basically looking at with that chart is a list of recently well-performing funds - funds who had a good year.  They obviously may or may not have such a good year next year. You also have funds that are dividend-heavy (intended explicitly to return significant dividends).  Those may return large dividends, but could still fall in value significantly.  Look at ACP for example: it's currently trading near it's 2-year low.  You got a nice dividend, but the price dropped quite a bit, so you lost a chunk of that money.  (I don't know if ACP is a dividend-heavy fund, but it looks like it might be.) GF's chart is also indicative of something interesting: it fell off a cliff right after it gave its dividend (at the end of the year).  Dropped $4.  I think that's because this is a mutual fund priced based on the NAV of its holdings - so it dividended some of those holdings, which dropped the share price (and the NAV of the fund) by that amount.  IE, $18 a share, $4 a share dividend, so after that $14 a share.  (The rest of the dividends are from stock holdings which pay dividends themselves, if I understand properly).  Has a similar drop in Dec 2013.  They may simply be trying to keep the price of the fund in the ~$15 a share range; I suspect (but don't know) that some funds have in their charter a requirement to stay in a particular range and dividend excess value.
Great reply. This is one of reasons why I like this subreddit.  I thought that fed interest are far more important that you state. Rate is low + economy is booming (lender thinks there is good chance of repayment), banks loan money much more willingly (reserves are covered by cheap fed loans -&gt; greater profit). That should significantly affect money supply.
"There's numerous articles on how EI (Emotional Intelligence) is a higher-sought trait that IQ. High EI individuals also tend to hold leadership positions which results in higher pay.  IQ is important, but ask yourself ""WHY"" is it important? Is this intelligence truly being utilized in your role? Is this something people value purely because their parents and society have beated into their head that it's important? If you want to make more money, observe those around you making that money. What do they have that you don't? It's possible that the lower IQ individuals are doing better in life all around. Utilize that high IQ and ask ""Why???"" - then start looking and asking.  Just because it doesn't make sense doesn't mean it's wrong. Stay curious."
"To understand the VXX ETF, you need to understand VIX futures, to understand VIX futures you need to understand VIX, to understand VIX you need to understand options pricing formulas such as the ""Black Scholes"" formula Those are your prerequisites. Learn at your own pace. Short Answer: When you buy VXX you are buying the underlying are front month VIX futures. Limited by the supply of the ETF's NAV (Net Asset Value) units. It is assumed that the ETF manager is actually buying and selling more VIX front month futures to back the underlying ETF. Long Answer: Assume nobody knows what an options contract should be worth. Therefore formulas have been devised to standardize how to price an options contract. The Black-Scholes formula is widely used, one of the variables in this formula is ""Implied Volatility"", which basically accounts for the mispricing of options when the other variables (Intrinsic Value, delta, gamma, theta...) don't completely explain how much the option is worth. People are willing to pay more for options when the perception is that they will be more profitable, ""implied volatility"" tracks these changes in an option's demand, where the rest of the black-scholes formula creates a price for an option that will always be the same. Each stock in the market that also trades standardized options will have implied volatility which can be computed from the price of those options. The ""Volatility Index"" (VIX), looks at the implied volatility of MANY STOCK's options contracts. Specifically the ""implied volatility of out the money puts on the S&P 500"". If you don't know what that quoted part of the sentence means, then you have at least five other individual questions to ask before you re-read this answer and understand the relevance of these followup questions: Why would people buy out-the-money puts on the S&P 500? Why would people pay more for out-the-money puts on the S&P 500 on some days and pay less for them on other days? This is really the key to the whole puzzle.
"Expanding like crazy compared to what?  Apple?  You mean the company that has maintained a 25% operating margin while growing top line by 160% since 2010?   No company has EVER had a market cap of $1T, let alone maintained it.  What is your point?  All you're talking about is relative price and ""history"" which has little to no bearing on what is going to happen in the future.  I see no indication of any argument related to the actual valuation of Apple stock.  It is still, at $650B, pretty reasonably valued considering the facts, e.g., ability to generate cash, maintain margins, grow revenues, and for management to make sound financial moves, i.e., return $ to shareholders.        You come off extremely condescending yet you seem not to have much of an understanding in regards to what dictates stock price over the long term."
You certainly don't write like someone who is well educated. Plus you literally say your feelings are more important than a government statistic which is bonkers.   I'm sorry your state sucks. You should try moving. Almost everywhere else has an abundance of job openings right now.
"This is a very important question and you will find arguments from both sides, in part because it is still understudied. Ben Golub, Economics Ph.D., from Stanford answers ""Is high-frequency trading good for the economy?"" on Quoram quite well. This is an important but understudied question. There are few published academic studies on it, though several groups are working on the subject. You may be interested in the following papers: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1569067 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1361184 These document some of the phenomena that arise in high frequency trading, from a theoretical and an empirical perspective. However, a full equilibrium analysis of the unique features of high frequency trading is still missing, and until it is done, all our answers will be kind of tentative. Nevertheless, there are some obvious things one can say. Currently, high frequency traders are competing to locate physically closer and closer to exchanges, because milliseconds matter. Thus, large amounts of money are being spent to beat other market makers by tiny fractions of a second. Once many firms make these investments, the market looks like it did before in terms of competition and prices, but is a tiny bit faster. This investment is unlikely to be socially efficient: that is, the users of the market don't actually benefit from the fact that their trades are executed half a millisecond faster -- certainly not enough to cover all the investment that went into making that happen. Some people who study the issue believe that high frequency trading (HFT) actually exacerbates market volatility; some plots to this effect are found in the second paper linked above. There is certainly no widely accepted theory that says faster trading technology necessarily increases efficiency, and it is easy to think of algorithms that can make money (at least in the short run) but hurt most other investors, as well as the informational value of the market. One caution is that some of the complaining about HFT comes from those who lose when HFT gets better -- old-style market makers. They certainly have an incentive to make HFT out to be very bad.
Well consider this, even if you bought some at every all time high prior to this one, you would have still made a profit. I was kicking myself when I passed up an opportunity to buy some at $30. After its wild ride up to $1,200 and subsequent fall, I made sure to start buying around $250. Bitcoin is not going away. There are hundreds of different cryptos out there, but Bitcoin is the gold standard and it is becoming more legitimized every day. Regulators and governments passed it off as a fad for years but are now paying attention because people are actually using it to get around all kinds of bottlenecks that exist due to the structure of the current global banking system. If you feel like it will continue to be used more extensively and become more scarce over the next several years, then it is probably worth investing at least something into it. Of course, never invest more than you can afford to lose.  Full disclosure: I hold some Bitcoin but I am mostly in Ethereum right now because I think there is greater potential there. Bitcoin is pretty expensive right now and Ethereum is still catching up to it in market cap. I think we will see some great practical uses for it in the coming years. There are already some major players involved, including the Russian State owned banks.
"Vitalik has mentioned this in a comment but I think it ought to be expanded upon: Companies that aren't already penny stocks really don't stand to gain anything from trying to prevent short interest.  Short selling does not inherently lower the stock price - not any more so than any other kind of selling.  When somebody shorts a stock, it's simply borrowed from another investor's margin; as long as it's not a naked short resulting in an FTD (Failure To Deliver) then it does not add any ""artificial"" selling pressure. In fact, shorting can actually drive the price up in the long term due to stops and margin calls.  Not a guarantee, of course, but if a rally occurs then a high short interest can cause a cascade effect from the short ""squeeze"", resulting in an even bigger rally than what would have occurred with zero short interest.  Many investors actually treat a high short interest as a bullish signal. Compare with margin buying - essentially the opposite of short selling - which has the opposite effect.  If investors buy stocks on margin, then if the value of that stock decreases too rapidly they will be forced to sell, which can cause the exact same cascade effect as a short interest but in the opposite direction.  Shorting is (in a sense) evening out the odds by inflating the buying pressure at lower stock prices when the borrowers decide to cover and take profits. Bottom line is that, aside from (illegal) insider trading, it doesn't do businesses any good to try to manipulate their stock price or any trading activity.  Yes, a company can raise capital by selling additional common shares, but a split really has no effect on the amount of capital they'd be able to raise because it doesn't change the actual market cap, and a dilution is a dilution regardless of the current stock price.  If a company's market cap is $1 billion then it doesn't matter if they issue 1 million shares at $50.00 each or 10 million shares at $5.00 each; either way it nets them $50 million from the sale and causes a 5% dilution, to which the market will react accordingly. They don't do it because there'd be no point."
"There is an economic principle called ""non-satiation,"" which translated into plain English means ""people always want more."" (This was best illustrated in the movie, Oliver Twist, ""Please sir, can I have MORE?"") Over time, most people won't be satisfied with ""things as they are."" Which is why growth is so important. Many behavioral economists would argue that it is not the LEVEL of utility, but rather the utility CHANGES (in calculus, ""deltas"" or ""derivatives"") that make people happy. Or not."
"Economist [Mark Weisbrot](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/apr/27/china-imf-economy-2016),  &gt; It is true that the ""market rate"" measure is better for some comparisons. **But one important place where the PPP measure is more relevant is in military spending.** The cost of producing a military plane and training a pilot in China is much lower than in the United States.   &gt; Washington's current policy is to maintain military supremacy in Asia, but an arms race with China could make the cold war look cheap by comparison. The Soviet Union's economy was just a quarter of United States' economy when we had that arms race. If the US were to have a serious arms race with China, we could forget about Medicare, social security and most of what our federal government spends money on."
You don't need to click, I can tell you the answer in one word: **HYPE**.  One universal truth about big corporations and their CEOs, they don't understand anything about computers or technology. It simply isn't their expertise. If they hear from the television that the most important thing in the world is blockchains, they're going to bite that hook.  The most important thing is not blockchains. blockchains are almost completely unimportant. All a blockchain is, is a log file that never gets trimmed or deleted, and everyone gets a copy, and they verify the contents against each other's copies. It's not revolutionary, and you don't need it.
Two of the best (BEST) infrastructure engineers (DEC and Sun) I worked with over the past 30+ years graduated from Juilliard.    I have an engineering degree (ChE), but it's all about what you bring to the party when you're working on enterprise scale problems.
Office 365 has all of the sharing/editing/browser access that you would want as a consumer - plus it is FAR more useful in an enterprise setting because of better permissions settings.  What people don't seem to realize is that Microsoft doesn't make their nut on consumer software.  They ultimately are failing at porting REALLY GOOD enterprise packages to the consumer - which is a totally different issue.
That's fair, but given the calls in this thread for the share price to drop 15% off this, for wells Fargo to be treated as a criminal Enterprise, etc., these are pretty small numbers considering. About a third of a percent of annual profits is not exactly something to call for the share price to tank, and a lack of effective controls is not a reason to define a long-standing business as a criminal enterprise.
What about a small corner store, a mom &amp; pop shop that only needs someone 20 hours a week to give them a break. A high school kid would work perfectly, but a small business often isn't a multimillion dollar enterprise. Do they pay a high school kid 36 to 60k for 20 hours of work?
"This is the best tl;dr I could make, [original](https://ssir.org/up_for_debate/article/impact_investing) reduced by 97%. (I'm a bot) ***** &gt; The rapid growth of the field of impact investing has been accompanied by questions about how to assess impact, and concerns about potentially unrealistic expectations of simultaneously achieving social impact and market-rate returns.  &gt; We introduce three basic parameters of impact: enterprise impact, investment impact, and nonmonetary impact.  &gt; An enterprise can have impact in several ways, two of which are fundamental: product impact is the impact of the goods and services produced by the enterprise; operational impact is the impact of the enterprise&amp;#039;s management practices on its employees&amp;#039; health and economic security, its effect on jobs or other aspects of the well-being of the community in which it operates, or the environmental effects of its supply chain and operations.   ***** [**Extended Summary**](http://np.reddit.com/r/autotldr/comments/6fc8zu/social_financial_gains_positive_externalities_of/) | [FAQ](http://np.reddit.com/r/autotldr/comments/31b9fm/faq_autotldr_bot/ ""Version 1.65, ~136645 tl;drs so far."") | [Theory](http://np.reddit.com/r/autotldr/comments/31bfht/theory_autotldr_concept/) | [Feedback](http://np.reddit.com/message/compose?to=%23autotldr ""PM's and comments are monitored, constructive feedback is welcome."") | *Top* *keywords*: **impact**^#1 **investment**^#2 **investor**^#3 **social**^#4 **enterprise**^#5"
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