vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
(https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/openshift?topic=openshift-cos_plugin_failscos_plugin_fails)

[Why do I see wrong credentials or access denied messages when I create a PVC?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/openshift?topic=openshift-cred_failurecred_failure)

[Why do I see wrong s3fs or IAM API endpoints when I create a PVC?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/openshift?topic=openshift-cos_api_endpoint_failurecos_api_endpoint_failure)

[Why does my PVC remain in a pending state?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/openshift?topic=openshift-cos_pvc_pendingcos_pvc_pending)

[Why does PVC or pod creation fail due to not finding the Kubernetes secret?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/openshift?topic=openshift-cos_secret_access_failscos_secret_access_fails)

[Why is the transport endpoint not connected?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/openshift?topic=openshift-cos_transport_ts_connectcos_transport_ts_connect)





 Portworx Storage 

[Debugging Portworx failures](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/openshift?topic=openshift-debug_storage_pxdebug_storage_px)



* [Checking whether the pod that mounts your storage instance is successfully deployed](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/openshift?topic=openshift-debug_storage_pxdebug_storage_px_deploy)
[Why does the Container Registry login keep expiring?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/Registry?topic=Registry-troubleshoot-login-expiretroubleshoot-login-expire)

[Why do commands fail saying that I'm not logged in?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/Registry?topic=Registry-troubleshoot-login-cloudtroubleshoot-login-cloud)

[Why do commands fail saying they’re not registered?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/Registry?topic=Registry-troubleshoot-login-errortroubleshoot-login-error)

[Why is Docker login on my Mac failing?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/Registry?topic=Registry-troubleshoot-docker-mactroubleshoot-docker-mac)





 Troubleshooting pull and push errors 

[Why can't I push or pull a Docker image?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/Registry?topic=Registry-troubleshoot-push-pull-dockertroubleshoot-push-pull-docker)

[Why is pulling images slow?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/Registry?topic=Registry-troubleshoot-pull-performancetroubleshoot-pull-performance)

[Why am I getting Authorization required errors?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/Registry?topic=Registry-troubleshoot-auth-reqtroubleshoot-auth-req)

[Why am I getting an Unauthorized error when I'm using Code Engine?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/Registry?topic=Registry-troubleshoot-unauthorized-cetroubleshoot-unauthorized-ce)

[Why am I getting Access denied errors?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/Registry?topic=Registry-troubleshoot-access-deniedtroubleshoot-access-denied)

[Why am I getting Access denied errors for a resource?]
FAQs for Pipeline Private Workers 

Get answers to frequently asked questions about using Pipeline Private Workers.



 How do I install a multi-cluster worker pool? 

You can install agents on multiple clusters that work together within a single private worker pool. By using this configuration, the private worker pool can manage more pipeline runs in parallel, and you can remove clusters from the maintenance rotation without deactivating the worker pool.

Although having multiple agents on the same cluster supports multiple worker pools, it does not improve performance or throughput.

To configure a multi-cluster worker pool, follow the instructions for [installing directly on a cluster](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/ContinuousDelivery?topic=ContinuousDelivery-install-private-workersinstall_pw) and [registering a Delivery Pipeline Private Worker](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/ContinuousDelivery?topic=ContinuousDelivery-install-private-workersregister_pw) for each cluster that participates in the worker pool. Make sure that you update the worker name to identify the cluster on which the worker resides.

The multiple worker agents are now listed in the private worker integration UI and jobs are scheduled on those agents based on the cluster load at pipeline run request time.





 How do I view the status of private workers on multiple clusters by using the CLI? 

You can use the following command within a script that traverses all of the clusters that private workers are installed on.

kubectl get workeragent -ojson | jq '.items[] | .status.versionStatus.state'

Consider upgrading any private workers that return results that are not OK.





 Which attributes can I use for private worker agents? 

The following attributes are available for private worker agents:



* NAME: The name that was specified when the agent was registered. This name appears on the Private Worker integration page.
* SERVICEID: The work queue ID from which this agent processes work requests.
* AGENT: A value of OK indicates that the agent can process work requests.
* REGISTERED: A value of Succeeded indicates that the agent successfully registered with the regional private worker service.
* VERSION: A value of OK indicates whether the version of the agent is current.
The collection_id of the Korean collection is news-ko, the Spanish collection_id is news-es, the German collection_id is news-de, the French collection_id is news-fr, and the Japanese collection_id is news-ja. For more information, see [Querying Watson Discovery News](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/discovery?topic=discovery-query-conceptsquerying-news).





 Can I upload JSON arrays? 

You can upload a JSON array, but each section must be uploaded individually. For example, the following JSON cannot be uploaded to the service:

[{
"accepted": 1,
"answer": "You shouldn't have any issues keeping it on all the time however some thing to consider is any counters you may have like the use of millis code . From the Arduino docs on millis a This number will overflow go back to zero after approximately 50 days. blockquote So for projects that are on for long periods of time you may not see an issue immediately but something like this could pop up and cause errors down the road. ",
"answerScore": "49",
"authorUserId": "3",
"authorUsername": "Butzke",
"downModVotes": 0,
"id": 2,
"subtitle": "I'm making a simple Arduino web server and I want to keep it turned on all the time. So it must endure to stay working continuously. I'm using an Arduino Uno with a Ethernet Shield. It's powered with a simple outlet power supply 5V 1A. My Questions Will I have any problems leaving the Arduino turned on all the time? li Is there some other Arduino board better recommended for this? li Are there any precautions that I need to heed regarding this? li ul ",
"tags": "<arduino-uno><web-server><ethernet>",
"title": "Is an Arduino capable of running 24 7?",
"upModVotes": 49,
In some markets, local routing is applicable for stand-alone PoP locations and direct links that are terminated at the data center.

With our standard Direct Link offering, you can send traffic between the data centers in your selected region. If you need access to other data centers outside of the specified region, you must order the global routing add-on. For example, you might use global routing to share workloads between dispersed IBM Cloud resources (such as Dallas to Ashburn, or Dallas to Frankfurt).





 Why does a global routing add-on package exist for Direct Link? 

The global routing add-on prevents our customers from experiencing unexpected data costs when traversing outside of their data center's local market. It keeps costs lower for most of our customers, and it provides the ability for customers with a global presence to reach all regions across the globe easily. However, usually a customer requires only a local bandwidth package.





 If I am connected to a Direct Link Dedicated, Direct Link Connect, or Direct Link Exchange in a region such as Dallas, do I have access to other regions in the US through Direct Link? 

Yes, you are able to gain access to areas outside of your local market if you choose the global routing add-on. If this option is not selected, your Direct Link traffic is limited to the local market for the PoP or DC location you selected.





 Can I connect to any available region from a given Direct Link location? 

Yes, as long as you order Direct Link with the global routing add-on.





 Can I restrict the regions that my Direct Link can reach? 

No. IBM Cloud offers two options: (1) a local market only, or (2) all regions, with the global routing add-on.





 What if I used the Direct Link automated ordering process for Equinix Cloud Exchange and I was assigned a subnet that overlaps my internal network? 

The recommended best practice is to cancel your automated order and submit a new case to complete the Direct Link questionnaire. You should indicate whether you prefer another subnet in the 10.254.x.x range or the 172.16.x.x range.





 What is the difference between Direct Link Exchange and Direct Link Connect? 

These two services are similar, relatively low-cost, latency tolerant, and rapid entry points to the benefits of IBM Cloud Direct Link.
(https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/hs-crypto?topic=hs-crypto-troubleshoot-unable-to-list-keys-apitroubleshoot-unable-to-list-keys-api)

[Why can't I view or list specific keys?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/hs-crypto?topic=hs-crypto-troubleshoot-unable-to-list-specific-keystroubleshoot-unable-to-list-specific-keys)





 Troubleshooting master key rotation 

[Why can't I rotate master keys by using key part files?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/hs-crypto?topic=hs-crypto-troubleshoot-master-key-rotation-key-part-filestroubleshoot-master-key-rotation-key-part-files)

[Why can't I rotate master keys by using recovery crypto units?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/hs-crypto?topic=hs-crypto-troubleshoot-master-key-rotation-recovery-crypto-unitstroubleshoot-master-key-rotation-recovery-crypto-units)

[Why can't I rotate master keys by using smart cards?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/hs-crypto?topic=hs-crypto-troubleshoot-master-key-rotation-key-smart-cardstroubleshoot-master-key-rotation-key-smart-cards)

[Why do I fail to load the new master key during the master key rotation process?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/hs-crypto?topic=hs-crypto-troubleshoot-master-key-rotationtroubleshoot-master-key-rotation)





 Troubleshooting smart cards and the Management Utilities 

[Why am I not authorized when I start the Trusted Key Entry application?]
What does rekey collision cause? 

If you use IKEv1, rekey collision deletes the IKE/IPsec security association (SA). To re-create the IKE/IPsec SA, set the connection admin state to down and then up again. You can use IKEv2 to minimize rekey collisions.





 Is it possible to view logs from the VPN gateway for debugging purposes? 

Yes. You can find more information in [Using IBM Log Analysis to view VPN logs](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/vpc?topic=vpc-using-log-analysis-to-view-vpn-logs).





 How can I send all traffic from the VPC side to the on-premises side in a policy-based VPN? 

To send all traffic from the VPC side to the on-premises side, set peer CIDRs to 0.0.0.0/0 when creating a connection.

When a connection is created successfully, the VPN service adds a 0.0.0.0/0 via <VPN gateway private IP> route into the default routing table of the VPC. However, this new route can cause routing issues, such as virtual servers in different subnets not being able to communicate with each other, and VPN gateways not communicating with on-premises VPN gateways.

To troubleshooting routing issues, see [Why aren't my VPN gateways or virtual server instances communicating?](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/vpc?topic=vpc-troubleshoot-routing-issues).





 Does IBM complete quarterly ASV scans of data-plane VPN appliances? 

Approved Scanning Vendor (ASV) quarterly scanning is a requirement of the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Security Standards Council. ASV scanning of VPN data-plane appliances is solely a customer responsibility. IBM does not use ASVs to scan data-plane appliances because these scans can negatively impact customer workload functions and performance.





 What metrics am I charged for if I am using VPN gateway for VPC? 

The following metrics are collected for VPN gateway billing on a monthly basis:
Custom identity 

You can use your own custom identity provider when you are authenticating. Your identity provider can conform to any authentication mechanism alternate to those supported by IBM Cloud® App ID, including proprietary or legacy.



 Overview 

By bringing your own identity provider, you can create a custom authentication flow that uses your own protocols. You have more control, such as information that you want to share or information that is stored.

Be sure to [configure your custom provider](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/appid?topic=appid-custom-identity) before you add it to your application.



 When would I want to use this flow? 

When App ID does not provide direct support for a particular identity provider, you can use the custom identity flow to bridge the authentication protocol to App ID's existing authentication flow. For example, you want to use GitHub or LinkedIn to allow your users to sign in. You can use the identity provider's existing SDK to facilitate user authentication information before packaging and exchanging it with App ID.

There are many scenarios where a different authentication flow is necessary:



* Proprietary, in-house identity providers
* Third-party identity providers
* Complicated authentication flows, which can include proprietary multi-factor mechanisms



Occasionally, a legacy provider might use their own custom authentication protocol. Because the custom identity flow completely decouples authentication from authorization, you can adopt any authentication mechanism of your choice and then provide the resulting authentication information to App ID. All without exposing user credentials.





 Technically, how does this flow work? 

The custom identity workflow is built on the JWT-Bearer extension grant type that is defined in Assertion Framework for OAuth 2.0 Authorization Grants [[RFC7521]](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7523section-2.1). To exchange user information for App ID tokens, your authentication architecture creates a trust relationship with App ID by using an asymmetric RSA key pair. Once trust is established, you can use the JWT-Bearer grant type to exchange verified user information within a signed JWT for App ID tokens.





 What does the flow look like?
Managing authentication 

Identity providers (IdP's) add a level of security for your mobile and web apps, through authentication. With IBM Cloud® App ID, you can configure one or several identity providers to create a custom sign-in experience for your users.

App ID interacts with identity providers by using various protocols such as OpenID Connect, SAML, and more. For example, OpenID Connect is the protocol that is used with many social providers such as Facebook, Google. Enterprise providers such as [Azure Active Directory](https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/setting-ibm-cloud-app-id-azure-active-directory) or [Active Directory Federation Service](https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/setting-ibm-cloud-app-id-active-directory-federation-service), generally use SAML as their identity protocol. For [Cloud Directory](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/appid?topic=appid-cloud-directory), the service uses SCIM to verify identity information.

When you use social or enterprise identity providers, App ID reads user account information. Because the service never has write access to the information, users must go through their chosen identity provider to do actions, such as resetting their password. For example, if a user signs in to your app with Facebook, and then wanted to change their password, they must go to www.facebook.com to do so.

When you use [Cloud Directory](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/appid?topic=appid-cloud-directory), App ID is the identity provider. The service uses your registry to verify your users identity. Because App ID is the identity provider, users can take advantage of advanced functionality, such as resetting their password, directly in your app.

Working with application identity? Check out [Application identity](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/appid?topic=appid-app).

Several identity providers can be configured to be used by App ID. Check out the following table to learn about your options.



Table 1. Identity provider options

 Identity provider Type Description
vCenter identity and access management 

Inside IBM Cloud® for VMware® Regulated Workloads, multiple levels of access are available. The automation uses a set of user IDs to perform operations such as adding hosts, clusters, or storage to your VMware instance.



 vCenter and Platform Services Controller user IDs 

The following user IDs are used to add an identity source, which is embedded by default, into vCenter.



Table 1. vCenter and Platform Services Controller user IDs

 User User ID Method Description 

 Privileged user root SSH Used for VMware configuration such as setting up VMware High Availability and creating distributed switches. Used post deployment to pair primary and secondary vCenter Server instances. 
 Privileged user customerroot SSH Created for customer use only. 
 IBM automation automation@root_domain <br>(Active Directory user) HTTPS Used post deployment to add and remove hosts and clusters and to deploy and configure virtual machines (VMs) for add-on services. 
 Privileged user cloudadmin@root_domain <br>(Active Directory user) HTTPS Created for customer use only. 



HTTPS is used for vCenter setup and configuration, and for VMware operations such as adding hosts, clusters, or storage for vCenter management of resources.



 vCenter access 

Privileged users are granted cloudadmin access to vCenter Server through the vCetner roles.







 NSX Manager user IDs 



Table 2. NSX Manager user IDs

 User User ID Description 

 IBM automation ibm_automation <br>(NSX-T™ principal identity user) Used post deployment to manage NSX VTEP IP addresses and to manage host and cluster configuration when hosts and clusters are added or removed. Also used to manage ESG configuration for add-on services that require public network access for licensing, activation, or usage reporting. 
 Privileged user admin Created for customer use only. 







 ESXi host user IDs 



Table 3. ESXi host user IDs

 User User ID Description 

 Privileged user ic4vroot Used post deployment to add more NFS storage, configure routes for that storage, and to run all server validation code. 
 Privileged user root Created for customer use only. 







 Active Directory user IDs 



Table 4.
* Click the root CA tile to open it and click Register user.
* Enter the enroll ID and secret that you will use for the intermediate CA admin identity. For purposes of this tutorial we will use icaadmin and icaadminpw, but you can use any values suitable for your use case.
* Leave the identity type as client and optionally specify a value for maximum enrollments if you want to limit the number of times you can generate certificates for this admin identity. Otherwise, you can leave it blank.
* On the next panel, because this identity will be for the intermediate CA admin, you need to add the attribute hf.IntermediateCA and set its value to true. Don't forget to click Add.
* Click Register user when you are finished.



3. Register the intermediate TLS CA admin identity with the root CA. Because TLS communications are enabled on the network, whenever you deploy a CA, a TLS CA is automatically deployed along side the CA, and uses the same endpoint address. Therefore, you also need to register an identity that will serve as the intermediate TLS CA admin. Repeat the actions that you performed in the previous step to register the admin identity, but this time specify a different enroll ID and secret. For purposes of the tutorial, we use itlscaadmin and itlscaadminpw.
4. Export the root CA to a JSON file. Now that you have the intermediate CA admins registered with the root CA, there is one last piece of information we need: the root CA TLS signed certificate. This certificate is shared with each node in the organization and is used to secure the communications between the nodes. Therefore, in order for the intermediate CA to communicate with the root CA, it has to be included in the intermediate CA configuration. To get the root CA TLS signed certificate, simply export the root CA to a JSON file. Open the root CA and click the Export icon.

Zoom

!
The custom identity workflow is built on the JWT-Bearer extension grant type that is defined in Assertion Framework for OAuth 2.0 Authorization Grants [[RFC7521]](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7523section-2.1). To exchange user information for App ID tokens, your authentication architecture creates a trust relationship with App ID by using an asymmetric RSA key pair. Once trust is established, you can use the JWT-Bearer grant type to exchange verified user information within a signed JWT for App ID tokens.





 What does the flow look like? 

As with all authentication flows, custom identity requires that the application is able to establish a degree of trust with App ID to ensure the integrity of identity provider user information. Custom identity employs an asymmetric RSA public and private key pair to establish its trust relationship. Depending on your architectural requirements, custom identity supports two trust models that differ only in the storage location and usage of the private key.

Zoom

![Custom authentication request flow](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/27ecaa7a29890634603881a8e64789974a29916b/appid/images/customauth.png)

Figure 1. The request flows for custom authentication

1. Identity provider signed

2. Application signed



Table 1. Identity provider signed flow

 <br><br>1. Identity provider signed<br><br><br> 

 Just as with traditional OAuth 2.0 flows, the most secure trust model creates a relationship between your identity provider and authorization server; in this case App ID) directly. Under this model, your identity provider is responsible for storing the private key and signing JWT assertions. When passed to App ID, these assertions are validated with the matching public key, which ensures that the user information from your identity provider was not maliciously altered during transport. 









 Generating a JSON web token
Just as with traditional OAuth 2.0 flows, the most secure trust model creates a relationship between your identity provider and authorization server; in this case App ID) directly. Under this model, your identity provider is responsible for storing the private key and signing JWT assertions. When passed to App ID, these assertions are validated with the matching public key, which ensures that the user information from your identity provider was not maliciously altered during transport. 









 Generating a JSON web token 

You can convert your verified user data to a custom identity JWT by generating a [JSON web token](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7515). The token must be signed with the private key that matches your preconfigured public key. For a list of token signing libraries, check out [https://jwt.io/](https://jwt.io/).



 Example JWT format 

{
// Header
"alg": "RS256",
"typ": "JOSE",
// Payload
// Required
"iss": "String", // Should reference your identity provider
"aud": "String", // Must be the OAuth server URL name
"exp": "Int", // Should be a value with a short lifespan
"sub": "String", // Must be the unique user ID provided by your identity provider

// Normalized claims (optional)
"name": "String",
"email": "String",
"locale": "String",
"picture": "String",
"gender": "String",

// Custom Scopes to add to access token (optional)
scope="custom_scope1 custom_scope2"

// Other custom claims (optional)
role="admin"
}



Table 1. JWS fields

 Field Description 

 iss Should contain a reference to your identity provider. 
 aud The OAuth server URL.