vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
FAQs for client-to-site VPN servers 

You might encounter these frequently asked questions when you use IBM Cloud® VPN for VPC.



 What does a VPN health status indicate? 

Status descriptions are as follows:



* Heathy - Indicates that your VPN server is operating correctly.
* Degraded - Indicates that your VPN server has compromised performance, capacity, or connectivity.
* Faulted - Indicates that your VPN server is completely unreachable and inoperative.
* Inapplicable - Indicates that the health state does not apply because of the current lifecycle state. A resource with a lifecycle state of failed or deleting will have a health state of inapplicable. A Pending resource might also have this state.







 Why can't I save the password/passcode in the VPN client? 

The passcode generated from [IBM IAM](https://iam.cloud.ibm.com/identity/passcode) is a Time-based One-Time Passcode (TOTP), which cannot be reused. You must regenerate it each time.





 If I update a VPN server with connected VPN clients, what happens to the VPN clients? 

The VPN clients are disconnected along with the VPN server. All VPN clients need to re-connect with the VPN server again. When you use the user ID and passcode authentication, you have to retrieve the passcode and initiate the connection from your VPN client.





 Why is the VPN client disconnected? 

The VPN server administrator can specify an idle time of the VPN client. When there is no traffic from the VPN client during the idle time window, the VPN server disconnects the client automatically. You must reinitiate the VPN session from your VPN client if it is disconnected.





 If I delete a VPN server with connected VPN clients, what happens to the VPN clients? 

The VPN clients are disconnected along with the VPN server.





 What happens to a VPN server if I try to delete the subnet that the VPN server is on? 

You cannot delete the subnet if any VPN servers are present.
With Spectrum Scale, you can use custom or stock images based on RHEL 7.9 or RHEL 8.4. For compute nodes, both RHEL 7.9 or 8.4 can be used. For storage nodes, only RHEL 8.4 is supported.
* Why does Spectrum Scale not allow use of the default value of 0.0.0.0/0 for security group creation?

For security reasons, Spectrum Scale does not allow you to provide a default value that would allow network traffic from any external device. Instead, you can provide the address of your user system (for example, by using [https://ipv4.icanhazip.com/](https://ipv4.icanhazip.com/)) or a multiple IP address range.
* What is an IBM Customer Number and what happens if I don't provide it?

An IBM Customer Number (ICN) is the unique number that IBM issues its customers during the post-contract signing process. The ICN is important because it allows IBM to identify your company and support contract. Without an ICN, you can't deploy the Spectrum Scale resources through IBM Cloud Schematics.

If the storage_type deployment value is set as either "scratch" or "persistent", the ICN can't be set as an empty value. An empty value is accepted only if the storage_type is set as "evaluation".
* Can I directly destroy all Spectrum Scale resources from the CLI?

Do not delete all of the resources from the CLI directly. The required resources that configure the Spectrum Scale cluster are created in two different phases of automation. To cleanly destroy a cluster, see [Destroying resources](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/hpc-spectrum-scale?topic=hpc-spectrum-scale-deleting-resources&interface=cli).
* What are trusted profiles and what permissions are required to set up the offering?

With Spectrum Scale, trusted profiles are used to set up granular authorization for applications that are running in compute resources; therefore, you are not required to create or use service IDs or API keys for the creation of compute resources.
FAQs for FortiGate Security Appliance 1 Gbps 

The following are frequently asked questions when working with the FortiGate Security Appliance (FSA) 1 Gbps firewall.



 What is a firewall? 

A firewall is a network device that is connected upstream from a server. The firewall blocks unwanted traffic from a server before the server is reached.





 Why should I use a firewall? 

The primary advantage of having a firewall is that your server handles “good” traffic exclusively. That means your resource is solely being used for its intended purpose as opposed to handling unwanted traffic, too.





 What firewall products does IBM© offer? 

You can find a detailed comparison of all firewall products that are offered in the IBM Cloud by reviewing [this topic](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/fortigate-10g?topic=fortigate-10g-exploring-firewalls).





 Is the FortiGate Security Appliance 1 Gbps compatible with IBM's load balancer products? 

Yes. The FSA 1 Gbps is compatible with the cloud load-balancing service, local load balancer, as well as the Citrix Netscaler VPX and MPX.





 Does public traffic pass through my load balancer or firewall first? 

Coming from the public internet in, the load-balancing products are first. The Hardware Firewall products are next, and the NetScaler products are last (along with your servers).





 Does IBM charge for firewall bandwidth? 

The FortiGate Security Appliance 1 Gbps is not metered for bandwidth. Additionally, the FSA can reduce total bandwidth utilization by limiting the traffic that servers must respond to.





 What are the grayed out ports in my Windows Firewall? 

IBM Cloud offers many different services that you can use with your server including, Evault, SNMP and Nagios monitoring. These services require that IBM's internal systems communicate with your server to some degree. The disabled ports you see in the Exceptions list are ports open on the internal network port only. They are still blocked on the public (internet) network connection. Since the internal network is a secured network, having these ports open is considered secure.
If you want to enable a user full administrator access to complete the [account management tasks](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-account-servicesaccount-services), such as inviting and removing users, viewing billing and usage, managing service IDs, managing access groups, managing user access, and access to all account resources, you must assign a user the following access:



* A policy for All Identity and Access enabled services within the account with the administrator and manager roles assigned.
* A policy with the administrator role assigned on All Account Management services.







 Assigning IBM Cloud access policies 

To help you further understand how access is assigned by using access policies in IBM Cloud in relation to other cloud providers that you might be familiar with, check out the following details and example of an access policy.

IBM Cloud IAM policies consist of the identity who (subject) is being given access, such as the user or service ID, the specific resources or services (target) to which they are being given access, and roles that define what actions are allowed within the context of the selected resource or service.

In IBM Cloud, a user, service ID, or the members of an access group don't have any access by default. The IBM Cloud access model is simple when it comes to understanding how you get permitted or denied completing specific actions. It isn't until an administrator assigns an access policy with a particular access role that access is granted. The IAM system doesn't have to evaluate permit and deny policies to determine what actions are allowed, instead the system just evaluates what resources you have policies for and what level of access is allowed by your assigned roles.

To reduce the number of policies in the account and keep only the minimum access that is required for each user, you can identify and remove the infrequently used access policies. For more information, see [Managing inactive policies](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-iam-audit-policiesiam-audit-policies-list).
What are the rules for Bucket names? 

Bucket names:



* Must be at least one character
* Must be fewer than 200 characters
* Can contain letters (both uppercase and lowercase letters are allowed), numbers, and hyphens
* Must not be formatted as an IP address (for example, 127.0.0.1)
* Cannot start with a period (.)
* Can end with a period (.)
* Only one period (.) is allowed between labels (for example, my..ibmcloud.bucket is not allowed).



Although uppercase letters and periods can pass validation, we suggest that you always use DNS-compliant Bucket names.





 What are the rules for the Path string for the origin? 

The Path is optional when creating your CDN. However, if provided, the Path:



* Must be less than 1000 characters in length
* Must begin with /







 What are the rules for the Path string for Purge? 

The purge path:



* Cannot contain 
* Cannot contain spaces
* Cannot end with a period (.)
* Must begin with /
* Must be English characters
* Must be separated by line breaks
* Must be less than 1000 characters in length
* Must be less than 2 M characters in total
* No duplicate paths



For the imported purge file, it is recommended to use a txt file extension, and all paths in the file follow these rules.





 For the Add Origin command, are there any rules to follow for the Path string? 

For Add Origin, the path is mandatory. Also, if your CDN was created with a path, the path for Add Origin must start with the CDN path as the prefix. For example, if the CDN path was specified as /storage, to invoke Add Origin with a path called /examplePath, the path that is provided would be /storage/examplePath.





 What are the rules for providing file extensions? 

When creating an origin with Object Storage, file extensions should be comma that is separated. For example, txt, jpg, xml is a valid list. Any one particular extension cannot be longer than 10 characters.
FAQs for IBM Cloud Qiskit Runtime 

To find all FAQs for IBM Cloud®, see our [FAQ library](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/faqs).



 What is Qiskit Runtime service? 

Qiskit Runtime service is a runtime environment through the IBM Cloud that provides access to the IBM Quantum processors and simulators. They allow users to run quantum programs, which require specialized quantum hardware that is coupled closely with traditional “classical”, computer hardware.





 Why is IBM launching Qiskit Runtime service? 

IBM made quantum computers available through the cloud in 2016. In 2022, IBM integrates with IBM Cloud® accounts to offer Qiskit Runtime API access. This access creates a smoother customer experience and the ability to combine Qiskit Runtime with other kinds of cloud compute resources for their particular workflow or application.





 What can Qiskit Runtime service not do? 

Qiskit Runtime service provides access to IBM Quantum systems. Today’s quantum systems are somewhat constrained in the size of problems that they can address due to available scale and quantum volume. Nonetheless, these systems can already be used to solve small problems and to explore this new and exciting field.





 What skills are required to use the Qiskit Runtime service? 

The Qiskit Runtime service is meant to be accessible to anyone comfortable with Python. Use of Qiskit Runtime primitives requires expressing a problem as quantum circuits. The Qiskit application modules can facilitate this task for various application domains such as optimization, chemistry, finance, and machine learning. Creation of novel Qiskit Runtime programs requires more knowledge of the Qiskit backend interface.





 What are the benefits of using Qiskit Runtime? 

Qiskit Runtime provides access to industry-leading quantum hardware, closely coupled with IBM Cloud resources to enable optimized computing. Qiskit Runtime enables clients to experiment, learn, and prepare for a quantum-accelerated future.





 What are Qiskit Runtime primitives? 

The Qiskit Runtime primitives define abstract interfaces for common tasks that are found in quantum applications.
You didn't provide the correct GitHub URL, or you provided a GitHub token, which is not required to clone a public repo. A GitHub access token is only required to access a private repo.

 How to fix it 

Do not provide a GitHub token, and check to see whether the GitHub token was provided in the github_token parameter while creating a workspace by using the public repo.





 Why is IBM Cloud Schematics not able to create a workspace? 

 What’s happening 

Schematics isn't able to create a workspace, and you are seeing the following error message: You don't have the required to create a workspace in any resource groups. You must be assigned the manager role on the Schematics service in at least one resource group. Contact your account administrator for access.

 Why it’s happening 

You don't have the required access to create a workspace in any resource groups. You must be assigned the manager role on the Schematics service in at least one resource group.

 How to fix it 

Contact your account administrator and get assigned with the manager role on the Schematics service in at least one resource group.





 Why is IBM Cloud Schematics not able to provision the cluster and fails with an authorization error? 

 What’s happening 

Schematics isn't able to provision the cluster, and you are seeing the following error message: Request is not authorized. Check your user permissions and authorizations and try again.

 Why it’s happening 

You don't have the required access to get any VPC resources provisioned.

 How to fix it 

Contact your account administrator and get all of the required accesses. For more information, see [Required permissions](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/vpc?topic=vpc-resource-authorizations-required-for-api-and-cli-calls).





 Why is IBM Cloud Schematics not able to provision the cluster and fails with an error that the provided name is not unique? 

 What’s happening 

Schematics isn't able to provision the cluster, and you are seeing the following example error message:
FAQs for FortiGate Security Appliance 10 Gbps 

The following are some frequently asked questions you may have about working with the FortiGate Security Appliance 10 Gbps firewall.



  What is the difference between FortiGate Security Appliance (FSA) 10 Gbps and FSA 1 Gbps? What about Virtual Router Appliance? 

FSA 10 Gbps provides faster throughput compared to FSA 1 Gbps. It allows the customer to protect multiple VLANs (both private and public). More add-ons such as Anti-Virus (AV), Intrusion Prevention (IPS), and web filtering can be enabled on demand.

Virtual Router Appliance also protects multiple VLANs. However, Virtual Router Appliance does not provide next-generation firewall add-ons and purpose-built security processors.





  Can FSA 10G and a network gateway be associated with the same VLAN? 

No, it is not possible to have an FSA 10G and a network gateway device to be associated with the same customer VLAN.





  Does this offering charge for private network connectivity? 

IBM offers private connectivity free of charge, which is one of the key differentiators in the marketplace.





  Is FSA 1 Gbps also a multi-VLAN offering? 

No, only FSA 10 Gbps supports multiple VLANs.





  Is FSA 10 Gbps available in Federal data centers? 

FSA 10 Gbps is not currently available in Federal data centers.





  Can an FSA 10 Gbps be used in place of a Virtual Router Appliance? 

Yes.





  Do you plan to upgrade FSA 1G with the same capability of the FSA 10G appliance? 

Not currently.





  Can the FSA 10 Gbps span over multiple pods in a data center? 

Not currently. FSA 10 Gbps is only able to protect VLANs for the pod it is deployed in.





  What are the default DNS servers of FortiGate 10 Gbps? 

By default, FortiGate uses the following FortiGuard's DNS servers.



*  Primary: 208.91.112.53
*  Secondary: 208.91.112.52
Choosing your IaC tool 

The choice of IaC tool matters. Some tools are a better fit for the task in hand. Often the use of different tools for configuration management and provisioning is the most effective choice. The section below, [Understanding Schematics features and IaC tools](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/schematics?topic=schematics-schematics-open-projectssc-iac-mapping) identifies the mapping of Ansible and Terraform, along with operators and Helm to related Schematics features.

But what is provisioning and configuration management?



 What is Provisioning? 

Provisioning is the process of setting up IT infrastructure. It can also refer to the steps required to manage access to data and resources, and make them available to users and systems. Once something has been provisioned, the next step is configuration. [Red Hat](https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/automation/what-is-provisioning)

Provisioning tools (including Terraform and Ansible) provision infrastructure such as servers (VMs), load balancers, databases, networking configuration, and so on. They leave configuration to configuration tools.

“Provisioning” often implies it is an initial task.





 What is Configuration Management? 

[Configuration management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_management) is a systems engineering process for establishing and maintaining computer systems, servers, and software in a desired, consistent performance — state. Managing IT system configurations involves defining a system’s desired state — like server configuration — then building and maintaining those systems.

Config management tools install packages or software, manage software and configurations on existing provisioned servers, clusters and infrastructure. Terraform and Ansible can be used for configuration management, along with Helm and Operators.

Config management usually happens repeatedly.





 How to choose your IaC tool 

Some tools are a better fit for the task in hand for provisioning or configuration management. The blog [Infrastructure as Code: Chef, Ansible, Puppet, or Terraform?]
FAQs about IAM 

FAQs for IBM Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) might include questions about access control for resources, resource groups, account management, classic infrastructure resources, and access groups.

To find all FAQs for IBM Cloud®, see our [FAQ library](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/faqs).



 What is IBM Cloud Identity and Access Management? 

Identity and Access Management (IAM) enables you to securely authenticate users for platform services and control access to resources across the IBM Cloud platform. A set of IBM Cloud services is enabled to use Cloud IAM for access control. They are organized into resource groups within your account to enable giving users quick and easy access to more than one resource at a time. Cloud IAM access policies are used to assign users, service IDs, and trusted profiles access to the resources within your account. For more information, see [IBM Cloud Identity and Access Management](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-iamoverview).





 What is an IAM-enabled service? 

An IAM-enabled service must be in a resource group and access to the service is given by using IAM access policies. When you create an IAM-enabled service from the catalog, you must assign it to a resource group. For more information, see [Managing resources](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-manage_resource)

IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service is the only exception; it’s IAM-access controlled, but is always assigned to the default resource group. Therefore, you aren’t given the option to choose one when you create it from the catalog. And, it can’t be assigned to any other resource group.





 What is an IAM access policy? 

An IAM access policy is how users, services IDs, trusted profiles, and access groups in an account are given permission to work with a specific IAM-enabled service or resource instance, manage a resource group, or complete account management tasks. Each IAM access policy is made of a subject, target, and role. A subject is the who that has the access.
For more information about the different features of each version and what is supported by VMware®, see [NFS Protocols and ESXi](https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-vSphere/7.0/com.vmware.vsphere.storage.doc/GUID-8A929FE4-1207-4CC5-A086-7016D73C328F.html).
* Can VAAI and HW acceleration be enabled in our VMware deployments?

No. Currently, vStorage for API Array Integration and Hardware acceleration are not supported.
* What happens to the drives that are decommissioned from the cloud data center?

When drives are decommissioned, IBM destroys them before they are disposed of. The drives become unusable. Any data that was written to that drive becomes inaccessible.
* What is the difference between Controlled Failover and Immediate Failover?

Controlled Failover does one last sync before it breaks the mirror process. The Immediate Failover immediately breaks the mirror and activates the replica volume.
* My storage appears offline or read-only. Why did it happen and how do I fix it?

In a couple of scenarios a host (bare metal or VM) might lose connection to the storage briefly and as a result, the host considers that storage read-only to avoid data corruption. Most of the time the loss of connectivity is network-related but the status of the storage remains read-only from the host's perspective even when the network connection is restored.

This issue can be observed with virtual drives of VMs on a network-attached VMware® datastore (NFS protocol). To resolve, confirm that the network path between the Storage and the Host is clear, and that no maintenance or outage is in progress. Then, unmount and mount the storage volume. If the volume is still read-only, restart the host.

For mounting instructions, see the following topics.



* [Mounting File Storage for Classic in CentOS](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/FileStorage?topic=FileStorage-mountingCentOS)
}
}

See [Expression language methods](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/assistant-data?topic=assistant-data-dialog-methods) for other reformatting ideas.





 Dealing with zeros 

Using @sys-number in a slot condition is helpful for capturing any numbers that users specify in their input. However, it does not behave as expected when users specify the number zero (0). Instead of treating zero as a valid number, the condition is evaluated to false, and your assistant prompts the user for a number again. To prevent this behavior, check for an @sys-number mention that is greater than or equal to zero in the slot condition.

To ensure that a slot condition that checks for number mentions deals with zeros properly, complete the following step:



1. Add @sys-number >= 0 to the slot condition field, and then provide the context variable name and text prompt.

What you check for in the input is also what is saved in the slot context variable. However, in this case, you want only the number (such as 5) to be saved. You do not want to save 5 > = 0. To change what is saved, you must edit the value of the context variable.
2. Open the slot to edit it by clicking the Edit slot![Edit slot](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/a2b18c153837bce00a5b4de496e4b4ca64bbf56e/assistant-data/images/edit-slot.png) icon. From the Options![More icon](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/a2b18c153837bce00a5b4de496e4b4ca64bbf56e/assistant-data/images/kabob.png) menu, open the JSON editor.
3. Change the context variable value.

The value will look like this:

{
"context": {
"number": "@sys-number >= 0"
}
}