vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Bee Gees
The Bee Gees were influenced by the Beatles , the Everly Brothers , the Mills Brothers , Elvis Presley , the Rolling Stones , Roy Orbison the Beach Boys and Stevie Wonder . On the 2014 documentary The Joy of the Bee Gees , Barry claimed that the Bee Gees were also influenced by the Hollies and Otis Redding .
Petal
Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers . They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators . Together , all of the petals of a flower are called a corolla . Petals are usually accompanied by another set of special leaves called sepals , that collectively form the calyx and lie just beneath the corolla . The calyx and the corolla together make up the perianth . When the petals and sepals of a flower are difficult to distinguish , they are collectively called tepals . Examples of plants in which the term tepal is appropriate include genera such as Aloe and Tulipa . Conversely , genera such as Rosa and Phaseolus have well - distinguished sepals and petals . When the undifferentiated tepals resemble petals , they are referred to as `` petaloid '' , as in petaloid monocots , orders of monocots with brightly coloured tepals . Since they include Liliales , an alternative name is lilioid monocots .
Leaning Tower of Pisa
On January 5 , 1172 , Donna Berta di Bernardo , a widow and resident of the house of dell'Opera di Santa Maria , bequeathed sixty soldi to the Opera Campanilis petrarum Sancte Marie . The sum was then used toward the purchase of a few stones which still form the base of the bell tower . On August 9 , 1173 , the foundations of the tower were laid . Nearly four centuries later Giorgio Vasari wrote : `` Guglielmo , according to what is being said , in ( this ) year 1174 with Bonanno as sculptor , laid the foundations of the bell tower of the cathedral in Pisa . '' On December 27 , 1233 , the worker Benenato , son of Gerardo Bottici , oversaw the continuation of the construction of the bell tower . On February 23 , 1260 , Guido Speziale , son of Giovanni , a worker on the cathedral Santa Maria Maggiore , was elected to oversee the building of the tower . On April 12 , 1264 , the master builder Giovanni di Simone and 23 workers went to the mountains close to Pisa to cut marble . The cut stones were given to Rainaldo Speziale , worker of St. Francesco . Giorgio Vasari indicated that Tommaso di Andrea Pisano was the designer of the belfry between 1360 and 1370 .
Devils Tower
As rain and snow continue to erode the sedimentary rocks surrounding the Tower 's base , more of Devils Tower will be exposed . Nonetheless , the exposed portions of the Tower still experience certain amounts of erosion . Cracks along the columns are subject to water and ice erosion . Erosion due to the expansion of ice along cracks and fractures within rock formations is common in colder climates -- a prime example being the featured formations at Bryce Canyon National Park . Portions , or even entire columns , of rock at Devils Tower are continually breaking off and falling . Piles of broken columns , boulders , small rocks , and stones -- or scree -- lie at the base of the tower , indicating that it was once wider than it is today .
Gimme Shelter
The recording features guest vocals by Merry Clayton , recorded at a last - minute late - night recording session during the mixing phase , arranged by her friend and record producer Jack Nitzsche . After the first verse is sung by Jagger , Merry Clayton enters and they share the next three verses . A harmonica solo by Jagger and guitar solo by Richards follow . Then , with great energy , Clayton repeatedly sings `` Rape , murder ! It 's just a shot away ! It 's just a shot away ! '' , almost screaming the final stanza . She and Jagger then repeat the line `` It 's just a shot away '' and finish with repeats of `` It 's just a kiss away . '' When speaking of her inclusion in the recording , Jagger stated in the 2003 book According to the Rolling Stones : `` The use of the female voice was the producer 's idea . It would be one of those moments along the lines of ' I hear a girl on this track - get one on the phone . ' '' Summoned - pregnant - from bed around midnight by producer Jack Nitzsche , Clayton made her recording with just a few takes then returned home to bed . It remains the most prominent contribution to a Rolling Stones track by a female vocalist .
French Revolution
However , Jacques Pierre Brissot drafted a petition , insisting that in the eyes of the nation Louis XVI was deposed since his flight . An immense crowd gathered in the Champ de Mars to sign the petition . Georges Danton and Camille Desmoulins gave fiery speeches . The Assembly called for the municipal authorities to `` preserve public order '' . The National Guard under Lafayette 's command confronted the crowd . The soldiers responded to a barrage of stones by firing into the crowd , killing between 13 and 50 people . The incident cost Lafayette and his National Guard much public support .
Hyde Park, London
The music management company Blackhill Enterprises held the first rock concert in Hyde Park on 29 June 1968 , attended by 15,000 people . On the bill were Pink Floyd , Roy Harper and Jethro Tull , while John Peel later said it was `` the nicest concert I 've ever been to '' . Subsequently , Hyde Park has featured some of the most significant concerts in rock . The supergroup Blind Faith ( featuring Eric Clapton and Steve Winwood ) played their debut gig in Hyde Park on 7 June 1969 . The Rolling Stones headlined a concert ( later released as The Stones in the Park ) on 5 July that year , two days after the death of founding member Brian Jones , and is now remembered as one of the most famous gigs of the 1960s . Pink Floyd returned to Hyde Park on 18 July 1970 , playing new material from Atom Heart Mother . All of the early gigs from 1968 -- 71 were free events , contrasting sharply with the later commercial endeavours .
Postage stamps and postal history of India
The East India Company already had attempted a 1 / 2 anna vermilion stamp in April 1854 , known as the `` 91⁄2 arches essay '' . This could not be produced in quantity because it required an expensive vermilion pigment not readily available from England , and the substituted Indian pigment destroyed the printing stones .
Curling
Curling pants , made to be stretchy to accommodate the curling delivery . A stopwatch to time the stones over a fixed distance to calculate their speed . Stopwatches can be attached either to clothing or the broom . Curling gloves and mittens , to keep the hands warm and improve grip on the broom .
Lana Lang (Smallville)
Season three 's `` Forsaken '' reveals that Lana , in order to move on with her life , applies and is admitted into a program to study in Paris , France . Season four shows that Lana , while in Paris , began a romantic relationship with Jason Teague ( Jensen Ackles ) . At the beginning of season four , Lana returns to Smallville after receiving a mysterious tattoo on her lower back , which resembles a symbol on the local Kawatche cave walls , when she touched the tomb of Countess Margaret Isobel Theroux . In season four 's `` Spell '' and `` Sacred '' , the tattoo acts as a doorway for the spirit of Isobel to inhabit Lana 's body ; each time Isobel takes over Lana 's body she sets out to find the three stones of knowledge , which are also being searched for by Clark and Lex Luthor ( Michael Rosenbaum ) . In the season four finale `` Commencement '' , Lana is confronted by Jason 's mother Genevieve ( Jane Seymour ) , who is also after the three stones of knowledge , and during a struggle Isobel comes forward and kills Genevieve . The resulting death of Genevieve , who was revealed to have been the cause for Isobel 's death centuries prior in the episode `` Bound '' , releases Isobel 's control over Lana .
(Don't Fear) The Reaper
The song is about the inevitability of death and the foolishness of fearing it , and was written when Dharma was thinking about what would happen if he died at a young age . Lyrics such as `` Romeo and Juliet are together in eternity '' have led many listeners to interpret the song to be about a murder - suicide pact , but Dharma says the song is about eternal love , rather than suicide . He used Romeo and Juliet as motifs to describe a couple believing they would meet again in the afterlife . He guessed that `` 40,000 men and women '' died each day , and the figure was used several times in the lyrics .
List of The Mortal Instruments characters
Imasu Morales ( revealed in The Bane Chronicles : What Really Happened in Peru ) . Magnus met and fell in love with Imasu in 1890 , when he visited the city of Puno , in Peru , with Catarina and Ragnor . As a result of their relationship , Magnus decided to learn how to play the musical instrument called charango , which he was terrible at . They had a rather short vacation romance . During the span of their relationship , Magnus never got around to telling Imasu about magic and his demonic origin . Magnus had even considered offering that he and Imasu live together , before Imasu broke up with him , since he felt that Magnus as a person was too ephemeral . Magnus laughed upon hearing this and told him that he was `` the most permanent person '' he would ever meet . They never spoke to each other again after that .
Eid al-Adha
One of the main trials of Abraham 's life was to face the command of God to sacrifice his dearest possession , his son . The son is not named in the Quran , but Muslims believe it to be Ishmael , though it is mentioned as Isaac in the Bible . Upon hearing this command , Abraham prepared to submit to will of God . During this preparation , Shaitan ( the Devil ) tempted Abraham and his family by trying to dissuade them from carrying out God 's commandment , and Abraham drove Satan away by throwing pebbles at him . In commemoration of their rejection of Satan , stones are thrown at symbolic pillars during the Stoning of the Devil during Hajj rites .
Idealization and devaluation
The term idealization first appeared in connection with Freud 's definition of narcissism . Freud 's vision was that all human infants pass through a phase of primary narcissism in which they assume they are the centre of their universe . To obtain the parents ' love the child comes to do what he thinks the parents value . Internalising these values the child forms an ego ideal . This ego ideal contains rules for good behaviour and standards of excellence toward which the ego has to strive . When the child can not bear ambivalence between the real self and the ego ideal and defenses are used too often , it is called pathologic . Freud called this situation secondary narcissism , because the ego itself is idealized . Explanations of the idealization of others besides the self are sought in drive theory as well as in object - relation theory . From the viewpoint of libidinal drives , idealization of other people is a `` flowing - over '' of narcissistic libido onto the object ; from the viewpoint of self - object relations , the object representations ( like that of the caregivers ) were made more beautiful than they really were .
Confederate States of America
The failed Middle Tennessee campaign was ended January 2 , 1863 , at the inconclusive Battle of Stones River ( Murfreesboro ) , both sides losing the largest percentage of casualties suffered during the war . It was followed by another strategic withdrawal by Confederate forces . The Confederacy won a significant victory April 1863 , repulsing the Federal advance on Richmond at Chancellorsville , but the Union consolidated positions along the Virginia coast and the Chesapeake Bay . Bombardment
Rabbit
Constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the ears are used to control the core body temperature of a rabbit . If the core temperature exceeds its optimal temperature greatly , blood flow is constricted to limit the amount of blood going through the vessels . With this constriction , there is only a limited amount of blood that is passing through the ears where ambient heat would be able to heat the blood that is flowing through the ears and therefore , increasing the body temperature . Constriction is also used when the ambient temperature is much lower than that of the rabbit 's core body temperature . When the ears are constricted it again limits blood flow through the ears to conserve the optimal body temperature of the rabbit . If the ambient temperature is either 15 degrees above or below the optimal body temperature , the blood vessels will dilate . With the blood vessels being enlarged , the blood is able to pass through the large surface area which causes it to either heat or cool down .
List of Sabrina the Teenage Witch characters
Aaron is Sabrina 's last mortal boyfriend , who appears in the seventh season. She meets Aaron at the Scorch magazine office . They become engaged but Sabrina 's aunt Irma turns him into a goldfish but Aaron is turned back when Harvey ( who is in love with Sabrina ) uses Sabrina 's magic because he wants to make Sabrina happy . In the series finale , Sabrina prepares for her wedding but stops it when she realizes Aaron is not her soulmate and she runs off with Harvey , her soulmate and first true love ( they are soulmates because when their soul stones drop to the ground they fit perfectly ) at 12 : 36 , the time they first met seven years ago . and whom Sabrina chose to be her groom . He gets jealous of Harvey since he is still close with Sabrina . Aaron was played by Dylan Neal .
Gimme Shelter
`` Gimme Shelter '' quickly became a staple of the Rolling Stones ' live shows . It was first performed sporadically during their 1969 American Tour and became a regular addition to their setlist during the 1972 American Tour . Concert versions appear on the Stones ' albums No Security ( recorded 1997 , released 1998 ) , Live Licks ( recorded 2003 , released 2004 ) , Brussels Affair ( recorded 1973 , released 2011 ) , and Sweet Summer Sun : Hyde Park Live ( 2013 ) . A May 1995 performance recorded at Paradiso ( Amsterdam ) was released as audio on the 1996 Saint of Me single , included in The Singles Collection 1971 - 2006 ( 45CD Box Set , 2011 ) , and as video , on Totally Stripped Blu - Ray and DVD ( 2016 ) .
American Civil War
The first efforts at Civil War battlefield preservation and memorialization came during the war itself with the establishment of National Cemeteries at Gettysburg , Mill Springs and Chattanooga . Soldiers began erecting markers on battlefields beginning with the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861 , but the oldest surviving monument is the Hazen monument , erected at Stones River near Murfreesboro , Tennessee , in the summer of 1863 by soldiers in Union Col. William B. Hazen 's brigade to mark the spot where they buried their dead in the Battle of Stones River . In the 1890s , the United States government established five Civil War battlefield parks under the jurisdiction of the War Department , beginning with the creation of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park in Tennessee and the Antietam National Battlefield in Maryland in 1890 . The Shiloh National Military Park was established in 1894 , followed by the Gettysburg National Military Park in 1895 and Vicksburg National Military Park in 1899 . In 1933 , these five parks and other national monuments were transferred to the jurisdiction of the National Park Service .
Diamond
Several methods for identifying synthetic diamonds can be performed , depending on the method of production and the color of the diamond . CVD diamonds can usually be identified by an orange fluorescence . D-J colored diamonds can be screened through the Swiss Gemmological Institute 's Diamond Spotter . Stones in the D-Z color range can be examined through the DiamondSure UV / visible spectrometer , a tool developed by De Beers . Similarly , natural diamonds usually have minor imperfections and flaws , such as inclusions of foreign material , that are not seen in synthetic diamonds .
Indian Railways
The first proposals for railways in India were made in Madras in 1832 . The first train in India ran from Red Hills to Chintadripet bridge in Madras in 1837 . It was called Red Hill Railway . It was hauled by a rotary steam engine locomotive manufactured by William Avery . It was built by Sir Arthur Cotton . It was mainly used for transporting granite stones for road building work in Madras . In 1845 , a railway was built at Dowleswaram in Rajahmundry . It was called Godavari Dam Construction Railway . It was also built by Arthur Cotton . It was used to supply stones for construction of a dam over Godavari . On 8 May 1845 , Madras Railway was incorporated . In the same year East India Railway company was incorporated . On 1 August 1849 , Great Indian Peninsular Railway was incorporated by an Act of Parliament . `` Guarantee System '' providing free land and guaranteed rates of return ( 5 % ) to the private English companies willing to work on building railways was finalized on 17 August 1849 . In 1851 , a railway was built in Roorkee . It was called Solani Aqueduct Railway . It was hauled by steam locomotive Thomason , named after a British officer in - charge of same name . It was used for transporting construction materials for building of aqueduct over Solani river . In 1852 , the `` Madras Guaranteed Railway Company '' was incorporated .
Grateful Dead
The Grateful Dead formed during the era when bands such as the Beatles , the Beach Boys and the Rolling Stones were dominating the airwaves . `` The Beatles were why we turned from a jug band into a rock ' n ' roll band , '' said Bob Weir . `` What we saw them doing was impossibly attractive . I could n't think of anything else more worth doing . '' Former folk - scene star Bob Dylan had recently put out a couple of records featuring electric instrumentation . Grateful Dead members have said that it was after attending a concert by the touring New York City band the Lovin ' Spoonful that they decided to `` go electric '' and look for a dirtier sound . Jerry Garcia and Bob Weir ( each of whom had been immersed in the American folk music revival of the late 1950s and early 1960s ) , were open - minded to electric guitars .
LL Cool J
In July 2006 , LL Cool J announced details about his final album with Def Jam Recordings , the only label he has ever been signed to . The album is titled Exit 13 . The album was originally scheduled to be executively produced by fellow Queens rapper 50 Cent . Exit 13 was originally slated for a fall 2006 release , however , after a 2 - year delay , it was released September 9 , 2008 without 50 Cent as the executive producer . Tracks that the two worked on were leaked to the internet and some of the tracks produced with 50 made it to Exit 13 . LL Cool J partnered with DJ Kay Slay to release a mixtape called `` The Return of the G.O.A.T. '' . It was the first mixtape of his 24 - year career and includes freestyling by LL Cool J in addition to other rappers giving their renditions of his songs . A track entitled `` Hi Haterz '' was leaked onto the internet on June 1 , 2008 . The song contains LL Cool J rapping over the instrumental to Maino 's `` Hi Hater '' . He toured with Janet Jackson on her Rock Witchu tour , only playing in Los Angeles , Chicago , Toronto , and Kansas City . In September 2009 , LL Cool J released a song about the NCIS TV series . It is a single and is available on iTunes . The new track is based on his experiences playing special agent Sam Hanna . `` This song is the musical interpretation of what I felt after meeting with NCIS agents , experienced Marines and Navy SEALs , '' LL Cool J said . `` It represents the collective energy in the room . I was so inspired I wrote the song on set . ''
List of Outlander episodes
No . overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original air date U.S. viewers ( millions ) Volume One `` Sassenach '' John Dahl Ronald D. Moore August 9 , 2014 ( 2014 - 08 - 09 ) 0.72 In 1946 , Claire Randall is a former WWII combat nurse visiting Inverness , Scotland , with her husband Frank , getting to know each other again after their wartime separation . Frank is researching his family history , in particular his 18th Century ancestor Jonathan `` Black Jack '' Randall . The morning after observing a modern Druid ritual at the standing stones on the hill of Craigh na Dun , Claire touches one of the stones , and wakes up lying on the ground . Soon she is in the middle of a skirmish between English redcoats and rebel Highlanders , and comes face to face with Frank 's double , Randall , who is captain of the Dragoons . A Scotsman rescues Claire and she meets Jamie Fraser . She is able to set his dislocated arm and later treat his bullet wound , as they flee . Claire is brought to Castle Leoch , and realises that she has somehow travelled back in time . `` Castle Leoch '' John Dahl Ronald D. Moore August 16 , 2014 ( 2014 - 08 - 16 ) 0.90 Claire is presented to Colum MacKenzie , laird of the castle , and realises she is suspected of being an English spy . She meets Geillis Duncan , and witnesses Jamie doing a kindness for Laoghaire , the pretty young granddaughter of Mrs. Fitzgibbons . As Claire plans to return to Inverness and the standing stones , Colum decides it is best to keep her at Leoch , against her will , as healer to the clan . `` The Way Out '' Brian Kelly Anne Kenney August 23 , 2014 ( 2014 - 08 - 23 ) 1.00 Claire hopes that her medical skills will earn her the trust of the MacKenzies , and her eventual freedom , but manages only to make herself indispensable . By saving Mrs. Fitzgibbons 's nephew from poisoning , which the fanatical Father Bain had declared as demonic possession , Claire makes a new enemy .
Step pyramid
A step pyramid exists in the archaeological site of Monte d'Accoddi , in Sardinia , dating to the 4th millennium BC. : `` a trapezoidal platform on an artificial mound , reached by a sloped causeway . At one time a rectangular structure sat atop the platform ... the platform dates from the Copper Age ( c. 2700 -- 2000 BC ) , with some minor subsequent activity in the Early Bronze Age ( c. 2000 -- 1600 BC ) . Near the mound are several standing stones , and a large limestone slab , now at the foot of the mound , may have served as an altar . ''
Hoover Dam
The concrete was delivered in huge steel buckets 7 feet high ( 2.1 m ) and almost 7 feet in diameter ; Crowe was awarded two patents for their design . These buckets , which weighed 20 short tons ( 18 t ) when full , were filled at two massive concrete plants on the Nevada side , and were delivered to the site in special railcars . The buckets were then suspended from aerial cableways , which were used to deliver the bucket to a specific column . As the required grade of aggregate in the concrete differed depending on placement in the dam ( from pea - sized gravel to 9 - inch or 23 cm stones ) , it was vital that the bucket be maneuvered to the proper column . When the bottom of the bucket opened up , disgorging 8 cu yd ( 6.1 m ) of concrete , a team of men worked it throughout the form . Although there are myths that men were caught in the pour and are entombed in the dam to this day , each bucket only deepened the concrete in a form by an inch , and Six Companies engineers would not have permitted a flaw caused by the presence of a human body .
Gimme Shelter
In 1993 , a Food Records project collected various versions of the track by the following bands and collaborations , the proceeds of which went to the Shelter charity 's `` Putting Our House in Order '' homeless initiative . The versions were issued across various formats , and had a live version of the song by the Rolling Stones as a common lead track to ensure chart eligibility .