vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Economic history of Italy
Finally , Italy 's involvement in World War II as a member of the Axis powers required the establishment of a war economy . This put severe strain on the corporatist model , since the war quickly started going badly for Italy and it became difficult for the government to persuade business leaders to finance what they saw as a military disaster . The Allied invasion of Italy in 1943 caused the Italian political structure -- and the economy -- to rapidly collapse . The Allies , on the one hand , and the Germans on the other , took over the administration of the areas of Italy under their control . By the end of the war , the Italian economy had been all but destroyed ; per capita income in 1944 was at its lowest point since the beginning of the 20th century .
United States presidential inauguration
Though it 's not a constitutional requirement , the Chief Justice typically administers the presidential oath of office . Since 1789 , the oath has been administered at 58 scheduled public inaugurations , by 15 chief justices , one associate justice , and one New York state judge . Others , in addition to the chief justice , have administered the oath of office to several of the nine vice presidents who succeeded to the presidency upon their predecessor 's death or resignation intra-term . When a new president assumed office under these unusual circumstances the inauguration is conducted without pomp or fanfare .
Battle of Fallen Timbers
On September 14 , 1929 , the United States Post Office Department issued a stamp commemorating the 135th anniversary of the Battle of Fallen Timbers . The post office issued a series of stamps referred to as the ' Two Cent Reds ' by collectors , issued to commemorate the 150th Anniversaries of the many events that occurred during the American Revolutionary War ( 1775 - 1783 ) and to honor those who were there .
The Beguiled (1971 film)
The film received major recognition in France , and was proposed by Pierre Rissient to the Cannes Film Festival , and while agreed to by Eastwood and Siegel , the producers declined . It would be widely screened in France later and is considered one of Eastwood 's finest works by the French . The film was poorly marketed and in the end grossed less than $1 million , earning less than a fourth of what Sweet Sweetback 's Baadasssss Song did at the same time and falling to below 50 in the charts within two weeks of release .
Mount Everest
From the South Summit , climbers follow the knife - edge southeast ridge along what is known as the `` Cornice traverse '' , where snow clings to intermittent rock . This is the most exposed section of the climb , and a misstep to the left would send one 2,400 m ( 7,900 ft ) down the southwest face , while to the immediate right is the 3,050 m ( 10,010 ft ) Kangshung Face . At the end of this traverse is an imposing 12 m ( 39 ft ) rock wall , the Hillary Step , at 8,790 m ( 28,840 ft ) .
Distributor
The rotor is attached to the top of the distributor shaft which is driven by the engine 's camshaft and thus synchronized to it . Synchronization to the camshaft is required as the rotor must turn at exactly half the speed of the main crankshaft in the 4 - stroke cycle . Often , the rotor and distributor are attached directly to the end of the one of ( or the only ) camshaft , at the opposite end to the timing drive belt . This rotor is pressed against a carbon brush on the center terminal of the distributor cap which connects to the ignition coil . The rotor is constructed such that the center tab is electrically connected to its outer edge so the current coming in to the center post travels through the carbon point to the outer edge of the rotor . As the camshaft rotates , the rotor spins and its outer edge passes each of the internal plug terminals to fire each spark plug in sequence .
Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States
Once the Senate confirms the nomination by an affirmative vote , the Secretary of the Senate attests to a resolution of confirmation and transmits it to the White House . The President then prepares and signs a commission , and causes the Seal of the United States Department of Justice to be affixed to the document before the new Justice can take office . The date of commission determines a Justice 's seniority . A ceremony is held in which the Justice must take the Constitutional Oath , which is used for every federal and state officeholder below the President , and the Judicial Oath used for federal judges before entering into the execution of their office .
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End
At the 80th Academy Awards , Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End was nominated for two awards , Best Makeup and Best Visual Effects . However , it did not win either of the two , losing the former to La Vie en Rose and the latter to The Golden Compass .
Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India
The Parliament was given unrestrained power to amend any parts of the Constitution , without judicial review . This essentially invalidated the Supreme Court 's ruling in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala in 1973 . The amendment to article 368 , prevented any constitutional amendment from being `` called in question in any Court on any ground '' . It also declared that there would be no limitation whatever on the constituent power of Parliament to amend the Constitution . The 42nd Amendment also restricted the power of the courts to issue stay orders or injunctions . The 42nd Amendment revoked the courts ' power to determine what constituted an office of profit . A new article 228A was inserted in the Constitution which would give High Courts the authority to `` determine all questions as to the constitutional validity of any State law '' . The amendment 's fifty - nine clauses stripped the Supreme Court of many of its powers and moved the political system toward parliamentary sovereignty . The 43rd and 44th Amendments reversed these changes .
Spanish–American War
President McKinley , well aware of the political complexity surrounding the conflict , wanted to end the revolt peacefully . In accordance with this policy , McKinley began to negotiate with the Spanish government , hoping that the negotiations would be able to end the yellow journalism in the United States , and therefore , end the loudest calls to go to war with Spain . An attempt was made to negotiate a peace before McKinley took office , however , the Spanish refused to take part in the negotiations . In 1897 McKinley appointed Stewart L. Woodford as the new minister to Spain , who again offered to negotiate a peace . In October 1897 , the Spanish government still refused the United States offer to negotiate between the Spanish and the Cubans , but promised the US it would give the Cubans more autonomy . However , with the election of a more liberal Spanish government in November , Spain began to change their policies in Cuba . First , the new Spanish government told the United States that it was willing to offer a change in the Reconcentration policies ( the main set of policies that was feeding yellow journalism in the United States ) if the Cuban rebels agreed to a cessation of hostilities . This time the rebels refused the terms in hopes that continued conflict would lead to US intervention and the creation of an independent Cuba . The liberal Spanish government also recalled the Spanish Governor General Valeriano Weyler from Cuba . This action alarmed many Cubans loyal to Spain .
San Jose, California
Council members and the mayor are limited to two successive terms in office , although a council member that has reached the term limit can be elected mayor , and vice versa . The council elects a vice-mayor from the members of the council at the second meeting of the year following a council election . This council member acts as mayor during the temporary absence of the mayor , but does not succeed to the mayor 's office upon a vacancy .
Central Intelligence Agency
At the outset of the Korean War the CIA still only had a few thousand employees , a thousand of whom worked in analysis . Intelligence primarily came from the Office of Reports and Estimates , which drew its reports from a daily take of State Department telegrams , military dispatches , and other public documents . The CIA still lacked its own intelligence gathering abilities . On August 21 , 1950 , shortly after the invasion of South Korea , Truman announced Walter Bedell Smith as the new Director of the CIA to correct what was seen as a grave failure of Intelligence .
Oath of office of the President of the United States
Before he enter on the Execution of his Office , he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation : -- `` I do solemnly swear ( or affirm ) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States , and will to the best of my Ability , preserve , protect and defend the Constitution of the United States . ''
Time Stands Still (Degrassi: The Next Generation)
The next day , Toby meets up with Rick at Rick 's house , where Rick informs his mother how he , Toby , Emma , and Jimmy are inseparable , and how they will soon rule the school . Toby , however , does not believe him , but nevertheless hesitantly agrees with him . At school , Rick talks with Emma and compliments her encouraging words , hinting his crush on her . He then meets up with Jimmy and the two playfully talk about the upcoming quiz show . Paige , a popular girl and one of Rick 's bullies since he was going out with Terri , insults his outfit , but with his new confidence , he brushes her aside .
Guns N' Roses
Doug Goldstein called me into the office about two weeks later . He wanted me to sign some contracts . I was told that every time I did heroin , the band would fine me $2,000 . There was a whole stack of papers , with colored paper clips everywhere for my signatures . What these contracts actually said was that the band were paying me $2,000 to leave . They were taking my royalties , all my writing credits . They did n't like me anymore and just wanted me gone . That 's why I filed the lawsuit -- to get all those things back .
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
In the film , Baby Herman 's role was downplayed . In one scene , he tells Eddie that Roger did not murder Marvin Acme and tips off that Acme had a will that promised to leave Toontown to the Toons , which is the reason why Acme was killed . Baby Herman later appears at the end of the film , expressing his annoyance that Acme did not leave his will where it could easily be found .
United States Postal Service
The format of a return address is similar . Though some style manuals recommend using a comma between the city and state name when typesetting addresses in other contexts , for optimal automatic character recognition , the Post Office does not recommend this when addressing mail . The official recommendation is to use all upper case block letters with proper formats and abbreviations , and leave out all punctuation except for the hyphen in the ZIP + 4 code . If the address is unusually formatted or illegible enough , it will require hand - processing , delaying that particular item . The USPS publishes the entirety of their postal addressing standards .
House of Lords
Fifteen hereditary peers are elected by the whole House , and the remaining hereditary peers are the two royal office - holders , the Earl Marshal and the Lord Great Chamberlain , both of whom are currently on leave of absence .
United States
The United States is the only advanced economy that does not guarantee its workers paid vacation and is one of just a few countries in the world without paid family leave as a legal right , with the others being Papua New Guinea , Suriname and Liberia . While federal law does not require sick leave , it is a common benefit for government workers and full - time employees at corporations . 74 % of full - time American workers get paid sick leave , according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , although only 24 % of part - time workers get the same benefits . In 2009 , the United States had the third - highest workforce productivity per person in the world , behind Luxembourg and Norway . It was fourth in productivity per hour , behind those two countries and the Netherlands .
Queen's Counsel
When taking judicial office in a superior court , a barrister loses the title of Queen 's Counsel and only regains it if new letters patent are issued after the person leaves office . Conversely , since the appointment of Senior Counsel is not by letters patent , when a Senior Counsel takes office , there is no doctrinal reason why the title of Senior Counsel is lost . However , this is customarily not done , and the New South Wales Bar Association instructs that `` QC '' and `` SC '' postnominals should not be used for superior court judges .
The Last Song (film)
In its opening weekend , the film grossed $16,007,426 , finishing fourth at the box office behind Clash of the Titans ( $61,235,105 ) , Why Did I Get Married Too ? ( $29,289,537 ) and How to Train Your Dragon ( $29,010,044 ) .
Cinderella
Aschenputtel 's relationship with her father in this version is ambiguous ; Perrault 's version states that the absent father is dominated by his second wife , explaining why he does not prevent the abuse of his daughter . However , the father in this tale plays an active role in several scenes , and it is not explained why he tolerates the mistreatment of his child . He also describes Aschenputtel as his `` first wife 's child '' and not his own .
Waiting for Godot
Whether the boy from Act I is the same boy from Act II or not , both boys are polite yet timid . In the first Act , the boy , despite arriving while Pozzo and Lucky are still about , does not announce himself until after Pozzo and Lucky leave , saying to Vladimir and Estragon that he waited for the other two to leave out of fear of the two men and of Pozzo 's whip ; the boy does not arrive early enough in Act II to see either Lucky or Pozzo . In both Acts , the boy seems hesitant to speak very much , saying mostly `` Yes Sir '' or `` No Sir '' , and winds up exiting by running away .
Ryan Toby
Ryan Toby ( born November 26 , 1978 ) is an American soul singer , songwriter , producer , and actor . He is known as the baritenor in the group City High. and is also best known for playing Wesley Glen Ahmal James in the 1993 film Sister Act 2 : Back in the Habit .
Impeachment
To convict an accused , `` the concurrence of two thirds of the members present '' is required . Conviction removes the defendant from office . Following conviction , the Senate may vote to further punish the individual by barring him or her from holding future federal office , elected or appointed . Conviction by the Senate does not bar criminal prosecution . Even after an accused has left office , it is possible to disqualify the person from future office or from certain emoluments of his prior office ( such as a pension ) . If there is no charge for which a two - thirds majority of the senators present vote `` guilty '' , the defendant is acquitted and no punishment is imposed . History
Toby Flenderson
In `` Money '' Toby shows that he uses very good grammar when he corrects Michael and clears up a confusion between the usages of the words `` whoever '' and `` whomever '' ( `` who '' is used as a subject , while `` whom '' is used as an object ) . Michael responds by telling Toby to shove a letter opener in his skull .
Civil–military relations
One unique view , which does not neatly fall into either of the cultural - or connectivity - gap categories , centers on the organizational differences between the military and civilian societies . This view claims to explain much as to why the military has been or may be used to press ahead of society 's norms . This view goes beyond the simpler cultural - gap approach and emphasizes the ability of the military society to control the behavior and attitudes of its members in ways not possible in the more open civilian society , as evidenced by such phenomena as desegregation of the military and inclusion of women in the military . Why
Jennifer Jareau
In `` The Boogeyman '' , JJ reveals that she is afraid of the woods . When agents Derek Morgan and Dr. Spencer Reid ask her why , she tells them a chilling story about working as a summer camp counselor and discovering her boss 's murdered body in his cabin . After telling the story , she admits she was joking , and says she does n't know why she is afraid of the woods . In the same episode , JJ also states that she has a niece who , at the time , is about 8 years old .
Sarah Huckabee Sanders
In February 2018 when Rob Porter left the White House over domestic abuse allegations , Sanders said that Porter 's background check was `` ongoing , and the White House had not received any specific papers regarding the completion of that background check '' . However , after FBI director Christopher Wray testified that the FBI had finished and submitted its security - clearance investigation on Porter to the White House earlier in July 2017 , Sanders instead claimed that it was instead the White House 's personnel security office 's investigation that was ongoing , which contradicted her earlier statement that the clearance process `` does n't operate within the White House '' . Sanders said that Porter had made a `` personal decision '' to leave the White House , while White House deputy press secretary Raj Shah said that Porter was `` terminated '' .
The Fellowship of the Ring
Over the summer , Frodo makes plans to leave his home at Bag End , under the pretence that he is moving to the eastern end of the Shire ( Buckland ) to retire . Helping with the plans are Frodo 's friends Sam , Peregrin Took ( Pippin for short ) , Meriadoc Brandybuck ( Merry ) , and Fredegar Bolger ( Fatty ) , though Frodo does not tell them of the Ring or of his intention to leave the Shire . At midsummer , Gandalf leaves on pressing business , but promises to return before Frodo leaves .
List of Disney animated universe characters
The Emperor 's New Groove Tito Cheech Marin Oliver & Company Tobias the Reluctant Dragon Barnett Parker Reluctant Dragon ! The Reluctant Dragon Toby the Dog Frank Welker Great Mouse Detective ! The Great Mouse Detective Toby Tortoise Eddie Holden Tortoise and the Hare ! The Tortoise and the Hare Toby Turtle Richie Sanders Robin Hood Tod Keith Coogan Mickey Rooney Fox and the Hound ! The Fox and the Hound Tootles None Peter Pan Toots Frank Welker Bonkers Toulouse Gary Dubin Aristocats , The ! The Aristocats Tramp Larry Roberts Lady and the Tramp Trigger the Vulture George Lindsey Robin Hood Trusty Bill Baucom Lady and the Tramp Tug Michael Clarke Duncan Brother Bear Tui Temuera Morrison Moana Turkey Lurkey Don Knotts Chicken Little Tuskernini Kenneth Mars Darkwing Duck Tweedledum and Tweedledee J. Pat O'Malley Alice in Wonderland Two Fingers Paul Briggs Princess and the Frog ! The Princess and the Frog
Impeachment
However , the Legislative Council does not have the power actually to remove the Chief Executive from office , as the Chief Executive is appointed by the Central People 's Government . The Council can only report the result to the Central People 's Government for its decision .
Lost in Space (2018 TV series)
Toby Stephens , speaking about the distinction between the original series and the new show :
Native Son
Then their daughter , Mary , enters the room , asks Bigger why he does not belong to a union , and calls her father a `` capitalist '' . Bigger does not know that word and is even more confused and afraid to lose the job . After the conversation , Peggy , an Irish cook , takes Bigger to his room and tells him the Daltons are a nice family , but he must avoid Mary 's Communist friends . Bigger has never had a room for himself before .
Justice of the peace
Texas does not require a JP to be an attorney in good standing . However , JP 's are required to be `` well versed in the law '' and take mandatory classes to retain their office . New JP 's are required to take 80 hours of legal state mandated classes the first year , and 20 hours each year thereafter during their tenure in office .
Democracy
The president can not be easily removed from office by the legislature , but he or she can not remove members of the legislative branch any more easily . This provides some measure of separation of powers . In consequence however , the president and the legislature may end up in the control of separate parties , allowing one to block the other and thereby interfere with the orderly operation of the state . This may be the reason why presidential democracy is not very common outside the Americas , Africa , and Central and Southeast Asia .
Lips of an Angel
Country music artist Jack Ingram released a version of the song in December 2006 . Ingram 's version , the lead - off single to his 2007 album This Is It , reached a peak of number 16 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in April 2007 . Ingram 's version does not include the last stanza where the singer once again asks why she is calling so late .
Impeachment
Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body formally levels charges against a high official of government . Impeachment does not necessarily mean removal from office ; it is only a formal statement of charges , akin to an indictment in criminal law , and is thus only the first step towards removal . Once an individual is impeached , he or she must then face the possibility of conviction via legislative vote , which then entails the removal of the individual from office .
Elaine Benes
First , when Elaine criticizes Sam 's way of walking ( `` It 's like she 's carrying invisible suitcases '' ) , Sam gets furious and threatens revenge . Then , Raquel Welch ( who was recently fired from a musical for dancing without swinging her arms ) , sees Elaine describing the walk to the police and thinks that Elaine is making fun of her and attacks her . Both events end up arousing George , Jerry , Kramer and even the police , because as Jerry tells Elaine , men love `` catfights '' . In `` The Understudy '' , after she thinks her Korean manicurists are making fun of her , she angers them by bringing in Frank Costanza , who 's fluent in Korean , to eavesdrop on them . In `` The Fire '' , Elaine reveals her hate for her overly energetic , always - happy colleague Toby . Then , when Toby loses her pinky toe in an accident ( caused by Jerry ) , an outpouring of office sympathy leads Toby to a major promotion instead of the more qualified Elaine . In `` The Visa '' she and Jerry anger Pakistani immigrant Babu Bhatt after she fails to notice Babu 's visa application among Jerry 's mail that she 's picking up for him . Elaine has had run - ins with her coworker Peggy on a few occasions . In `` The Susie '' , Peggy tells Elaine , who she thinks is a woman named Susie , that Elaine is a `` dolt '' and `` disaster . '' Later , in `` The Apology '' , Peggy thinks Elaine has germs , and in retaliation Elaine intentionally coughs on Peggy 's doorknob , rubs her stapler in her armpit and keyboard on her backside . Also in `` The Susie '' , we learn of a woman named Sharon for whom Elaine does n't seem to care . Elaine describes Sharon as a `` pom - pom - wavin ' Backseat Bimbo '' who grew up to be a `` bulimic , chain - smoking , stenographer from Staten Island . '' Elaine makes a particular enemy of Chinese restaurants on no fewer than 4 different occasions .
Damon Salvatore
Damon is disturbed to learn when he gets to Lily that she has been trapped with other vampires and they allowed her to drink their portions of blood to stay alive . She is reluctant to leave without them , but Damon threatens to leave her behind if she does n't go . Bonnie , Damon , and Elena leave with Lily , leaving Kai behind . When they return , Bonnie gives Damon a gift she 'd gotten for him during her trip to Nova Scotia in the 1994 Prison World : the cure to vampirism . He struggles with whether or not to give it to Elena and provide her with the life she 'd been robbed of .