vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Corazon Aquino
Aside from being visible in various political gatherings and demonstrations , Aquino was heavily involved in several charitable activities and socio - economic initiatives . From 1992 until her death , Aquino was chairperson of the Benigno S. Aquino , Jr . Foundation which she set up in her husband 's honor right after his brutal assassination in 1983 . Further , she supported other causes such as the Gawad Kalinga social housing project for the poor and homeless . In 2007 , Aquino helped establish the PinoyME Foundation , a non-profit organization which aims to provide microfinancing programs and projects for the poor . She was also a lifelong member of the Council of Women World Leaders , an international organization of former and current female heads of state and government . She also studied painting , and would occasionally give away her paintings to friends and family . In some events , Aquino auctioned her painting and gave all of the money to charity . She never sold her art for her own profit .
Afrikaans
African and Asian workers and slaves contributed to the development of Afrikaans . The slave population was made up of people from East Africa , West Africa , India , Madagascar , and the Dutch East Indies ( modern Indonesia ) . A number were also indigenous Khoisan people , who were valued as interpreters , domestic servants , and labourers . Many free and enslaved women married , cohabited with , or were victims of sexual violence from the male Dutch settlers . M.F. Valkhoff argued that 75 % of children born to female slaves in the Dutch Cape Colony between 1652 and 1672 had a Dutch father . Some consider this the origin of the ethnic group , the Cape Coloureds , who adopted various forms of speech utilising a Dutch vocabulary . Sarah Grey Thomason and Terrence Kaufman argue that Afrikaans ' development as a separate language was `` heavily conditioned by nonwhites who learned Dutch imperfectly as a second language . ''
Jungle
Because jungles occur on all inhabited landmasses and may incorporate numerous vegetation and land types , the wildlife of jungles can not be defined and consists of the biota of the constitute land type and region .
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
The Declaration recognized many rights as belonging to citizens ( who could only be male ) . This was despite the fact that after The March on Versailles on 5 October 1789 , women presented the Women 's Petition to the National Assembly in which they proposed a decree giving women equal rights . In 1790 , Nicolas de Condorcet and Etta Palm d'Aelders unsuccessfully called on the National Assembly to extend civil and political rights to women . Condorcet declared that `` he who votes against the right of another , whatever the religion , color , or sex of that other , has henceforth abjured his own '' . The French Revolution did not lead to a recognition of women 's rights and this prompted Olympe de Gouges to publish the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in September 1791 .
Age of Enlightenment
Many women played an essential part in the French Enlightenment , due to the role they played as salonnières in Parisian salons , as the contrast to the male philosophes . The salon was the principal social institution of the republic and `` became the civil working spaces of the project of Enlightenment '' . Women , as salonnières , were `` the legitimate governors of ( the ) potentially unruly discourse '' that took place within . While women were marginalized in the public culture of the Ole Regime , the French Revolution destroyed the old cultural and economic restraints of patronage and corporatism ( guilds ) , opening French society to female participation , particularly in the literary sphere . Front
History of Australia (1788–1850)
Governor Phillip was vested with complete authority over the inhabitants of the colony . Phillip 's personal intent was to establish harmonious relations with local Aboriginal people and try to reform as well as discipline the convicts of the colony . Phillip and several of his officers -- most notably Watkin Tench -- left behind journals and accounts of which tell of immense hardships during the first years of settlement . Often Phillip 's officers despaired for the future of New South Wales . Early efforts at agriculture were fraught and supplies from overseas were few and far between . Between 1788 and 1792 about 3546 male and 766 female convicts were landed at Sydney -- many `` professional criminals '' with few of the skills required for the establishment of a colony . Many new arrivals were also sick or unfit for work and the conditions of healthy convicts only deteriorated with hard labour and poor sustenance in the settlement . The food situation reached crisis point in 1790 and the Second Fleet which finally arrived in June 1790 had lost a quarter of its `` passengers '' through sickness , while the condition of the convicts of the Third Fleet appalled Phillip . From 1791 however , the more regular arrival of ships and the beginnings of trade lessened the feeling of isolation and improved supplies .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
Seventy - four years before the start of the story , a civil war was waged against the Capitol , led by District 13 which was a center of military -- industrial production . The Capitol put down the rebellion and scorched District 13 to ashes , ostensibly wiping out its residents , or so they thought . The government refers to this war as `` the Dark Days '' , and to punish the rebellious districts and remind all generations of the Capitol 's power , instituted an annual pageant known as the `` Hunger Games '' for which each district is compelled to provide one male and one female `` tribute '' between the ages of 12 and 18 , chosen by lottery . The twenty - four tributes are sent to an arena and forced to fight to the death , until a single victor remains .
Seneca Falls Convention
In 1840 , at the urging of Garrison and Wendell Phillips , Lucretia Coffin Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton traveled with their husbands and a dozen other American male and female abolitionists to London for the first World 's Anti-Slavery Convention , with the expectation that a motion put forward by Phillips to include women 's participation in the convention would be controversial . In London , the proposal was rebuffed after a full day of debate ; the women were allowed to listen from the gallery but not allowed to speak or vote . Mott and Stanton became friends in London and on the return voyage , and together planned to organize their own convention to further the cause of women 's rights , separate from abolition concerns . In 1842 Thomas M'Clintock and his wife Mary Ann became founding members of the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society and helped write its constitution . When he moved to Rochester in 1847 , Frederick Douglass joined Amy and Isaac Post and the M'Clintocks in this Rochester - based chapter of the American Anti-Slavery Society .
Post box
Some postal operators have different types of post boxes for different types of mail , such as , regular post , air mail and express mail , for local addresses ( defined by a range of postal codes ) and out - of - town addresses , or for post bearing postage stamps and post bearing a postage meter indicator .
List of rulers of Númenor
The following is a list of the twenty - five rulers of Númenor , an island realm in J.R.R. Tolkien 's fictional universe . The Kings of Númenor were Dúnedain men who ruled the kingdom of Númenor . Númenor had twenty - five official rulers , of which there were twenty - two male rulers , and three female rulers . There was also one usurper ( Herulcalmo ) .
Myocardial infarction
There are many causes of chest pain , which can originate from the heart , lungs , gastrointestinal tract , aorta , and other muscles , bones and nerves surrounding the chest . In addition to myocardial infarction , other causes include angina , insufficient blood supply ( ischemia ) to the heart muscles without evidence of cell death , gastroesophageal reflux disease ; pulmonary embolism , tumors of the lungs , pneumonia , rib fracture , costochondritis , heart failure and other musculoskeletal injuries . Rarer severe differential diagnoses includes aortic dissection , esophageal rupture , tension pneumothorax , and pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade . The chest pain in an MI may mimic heartburn . Causes of sudden - onset breathlessness generally involve the lungs or heart -- including pulmonary edema , pneumonia , allergic reactions and asthma , and pulmonary embolus , acute respiratory distress syndrome and metabolic acidosis . There are many different causes of fatigue , and myocardial infarction is not a common cause .
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai
Parallel with Akshara and Naitik 's stories , the stories of their respective siblings also form significant story arcs in the series . Past plots have been built around the lives of Naitik 's sisters Nandini and Rashmi . The series has also focused on Naitik 's step - siblings . The series also paralleled the story of Akshara - Naitik with that of Varsha - Shaurya . Varsha is Akshara 's best friend , and Shaurya is Akshara 's older brother . The shows also focus on Naksh , Kartik , Naira , Gayatri `` Gayu '' Deora and Tara . Naksh is Naitik and Akshara 's son ; Gayu is Nikhil - Rashmi 's daughter ( Sameer 's stepdaughter ) . Naira , the youngest child and only daughter of Akshara and Naitik , is now the main female lead character of the show . Kartik , Naitik 's employee and Naira 's love interest , is the new male lead character of the show . Tara was Naksh 's fiancée until she leaves him .
Easter Island
Reimiro , a gorget or breast ornament of crescent shape with a head at one or both tips . The same design appears on the flag of Rapa Nui . Two Rei Miru at the British Museum are inscribed with Rongorongo . Moko Miro , a man with a lizard head . The Moko Miro was used as a club because of the legs , which formed a handle shape . If it was n't held by hand , dancers wore it around their necks during feasts . The Moko Miro would also be placed at the doorway to protect the household from harm . It would be hanging from the roof or set in the ground . The original form had eyes made from white shells , and the pupils were made of obsidian . Moai kavakava are male carvings and the Moai Paepae are female carvings . These grotesque and highly detailed human figures carved from Toromiro pine , represent ancestors . Sometimes these statues were used for fertility rites . Usually , they are used for harvest celebrations ; `` the first picking of fruits was heaped around them as offerings '' . When the statues were not used , they would be wrapped in bark cloth and kept at home . There were a few times that are reported when the islanders would pick up the figures like dolls and dance with them . The earlier figures are rare and generally depict a male figure with an emaciated body and a goatee . The figures ' ribs and vertebrae are exposed and many examples show carved glyphs on various parts of the body but more specifically , on the top of the head . The female figures , rarer than the males , depict the body as flat and often with the female 's hand lying across the body . The figures , although some were quite large , were worn as ornamental pieces around a tribesman 's neck . The more figures worn , the more important the man . The figures have a shiny patina developed from constant handling and contact with human skin . Ao , a large dancing paddle
Hurricane Katrina
In a study published in Maternal and Child Health Journal , five - to seven years after the disaster , 308 New Orleans pregnant women were interviewed about their exposure to Katrina . Researchers found that there were associations between experiencing damage during Katrina and birthweight , thus researchers concluded that natural disasters may have long - term effects on pregnancy outcomes . Furthermore , it was concluded that women who are most vulnerable to disaster may be more vulnerable to poor pregnancy outcome .
Mustang
Most horses that are captured are offered for adoption to individuals or groups willing and able to provide humane , long - term care after payment of an adoption fee of at least $125 . In order to prevent the later sale of mustangs as horse meat , adopted mustangs are still protected under the Act , and can not be sold in the first year except when certain very specific criteria are met . As of 2010 , nearly 225,000 mustangs have been adopted .
Dance
There are now many regional varieties of Indian classical dance . Dances like `` Odra Magadhi '' , which after decades long debate , has been traced to present day Mithila , Odisha region 's dance form of Odissi ( Orissi ) , indicate influence of dances in cultural interactions between different regions .
Tyrannosaurus
Other tyrannosaurid fossils found in the same formations as Tyrannosaurus rex were originally classified as separate taxa , including Aublysodon and Albertosaurus megagracilis , the latter being named Dinotyrannus megagracilis in 1995 . These fossils are now universally considered to belong to juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex . A small but nearly complete skull from Montana , 60 centimeters ( 2.0 ft ) long , may be an exception . This skull was originally classified as a species of Gorgosaurus ( G. lancensis ) by Charles W. Gilmore in 1946 , but was later referred to a new genus , Nanotyrannus . Opinions remain divided on the validity of N. lancensis . Many paleontologists consider the skull to belong to a juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex . There are minor differences between the two species , including the higher number of teeth in N. lancensis , which lead some scientists to recommend keeping the two genera separate until further research or discoveries clarify the situation . Nanotyrannus
Trafficking of children
Protocol to Prevent , Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons , especially Women and Children , 2000 The Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking , 2002 Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in regard to Intercountry Adoption Regional
Mustang
Because there is a much larger pool of captured horses than of prospective adoptive owners , a number of efforts have been made to reduce the number of horses in holding facilities . At present , there are about 34,000 mustangs in holding facilities and long - term grassland pastures . The BLM has publicly considered euthanasia as a possible solution to overpopulation . In January 2005 , a controversial amendment was attached to an appropriation bill before the United States Congress by former Senator Conrad Burns , dubbed the `` Burns rider . '' This modified the adoption program to allow the sale ( with the result usually being slaughter ) of captured horses that are `` more than 10 years of age '' , or that were `` offered unsuccessfully for adoption at least three times . '' In 2009 , Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar proposed the creation of federal wild horse preserves in the midwest , where non-reproducing animals would be kept . Another approach to placing excess animals has been advanced by Madeleine A. Pickens , former wife of oil magnate T. Boone Pickens , who seeks to create a private sanctuary in northern Nevada . There are also increased efforts to assist with finding appropriate adoption homes . One example is a promotional competition , The Extreme Mustang Makeover , that gives trainers 100 days to gentle and train 100 mustangs , which are then adopted through an auction .
Dominican Republic–Haiti relations
Dominican Republic -- Haiti relations have long been complex due to the substantial cultural differences between the two nations and their sharing the small island of Hispaniola , part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region . The living standards in the Dominican Republic are considerably higher than those in Haiti . The deep - set cultural differences have contributed to a long - standing conflict .
Women in Vietnam
Overall literacy rates across Vietnam are high , with access to education being relatively equal between males and females . However , regional differences are still apparent , especially amongst the mountainous northern regions . For example , in one study , the region of Lai Chau was found to have a literacy rate for men double that of the women 's literacy rate in the region .
Welsh language
In the 1970s , there was an attempt to standardise the language by teaching ' Cymraeg Byw ' ( `` Living Welsh '' ) -- a colloquially - based generic form of Welsh . But the attempt largely failed because it did not encompass the regional differences used by speakers of Welsh .
Big Five personality traits
Research on the Big Five , and personality in general , has focused primarily on individual differences in adulthood , rather than in childhood and adolescence , and often include temperament traits . Recently , there has been growing recognition of the need to study child and adolescent personality trait development in order to understand how traits develop and change throughout the lifespan .
Mercury in fish
It is Japan 's goal to promote international mercury legislation in hopes of preventing any country from experiencing what it did . Despite Japan 's extensive regulation and experience with mercury - based disasters , there is still little information provided to the public . The Japanese Federal Fish Advisory 's recommendations are less strict than those in America .
Maya civilization
As with any non-repeating calendar , the Maya measured time from a fixed start point . The Maya set the beginning of their calendar as the end of a previous cycle of bak'tuns , equivalent to a day in 3114 BC . This was believed by the Maya to be the day of the creation of the world in its current form . The Maya used the Long Count Calendar to fix any given day of the Calendar Round within their current great Piktun cycle consisting of either 20 bak'tuns . There was some variation in the calendar , specifically texts in Palenque demonstrate that the piktun cycle that ended in 3114 BC had only 13 bak'tuns , and other inscriptions seem to have used an exceptional cycle of 13 + 20 bak'tun in the current piktun . Additionally , there may have been some regional variation in how these exceptional cycles were managed .
April Kepner
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Low-level programming language
This code is very similar in structure to the assembly language example but there are significant differences in terms of abstraction :
Quechuan languages
The description below applies to Cusco Quechua ; there are significant differences in other varieties of Quechua .
Thanksgiving dinner
There are also regional differences as to the stuffing or dressing traditionally served with the turkey . The traditional version has bread cubes , sage , onion and celery . Southerners generally make their dressing from cornbread , while those in other parts of the country make stuffing from white , wheat or rye bread as the base . One or several of the following may be added to the dressing / stuffing : oysters , apples , chestnuts , raisins , and sausages or the turkey 's giblets .
Causes of the French Revolution
The population of France in the 1780s was about 26 million , of whom 21 million lived in agriculture . Few of these owned enough land to support a family and most were forced to take on extra work as poorly paid labourers on larger farms . There were regional differences but , by and large , French peasants were generally better off than those in countries like Russia or Poland . Even so , hunger was a daily problem which became critical in years of poor harvest and the condition of most French peasants was poor .
Mexico City
There is an environmental program , called Hoy No Circula ( `` Today Does Not Run '' , or `` One Day without a Car '' ) , whereby vehicles that have not passed emissions testing are restricted from circulating on certain days according to the ending digit of their license plates ; this in an attempt to cut down on pollution and traffic congestion . While in 2003 , the program still restricted 40 % of vehicles in the metropolitan area , with the adoption of stricter emissions standards in 2001 and 2006 , in practice , these days most vehicles are exempt from the circulation restrictions as long as they pass regular emissions tests . Parking
Environmental issues in the Philippines
Smallholder farmers in the Philippines are expected to be among the most vulnerable and impacted by the effects of climate change in the region . However , there are differences in how men and women experience these impacts and often lead to differences in farming patterns and coping strategies . Some of the problems caused by extreme climate events in agrarian areas that are prone to civil conflict that disproportionately affect women include loss of customary rights to land , forced migration , increased discrimination , resource poverty and food insecurity . The effect that the combination of severe climate events and civil conflict has on Filipino women is further exacerbated by discriminatory policies , belief and practices , and restricted access to resources . For example , climate change is linked to increase civil conflict in the Mindanao region which increases the amount of casualties and deaths of young men in the area . This effectively widows women married to those men and leaves them on their own to take care of them and their children , even when the society and government makes it difficult for single mothers to succeed . Women are often relegated to be the caretakers of children which increases the burden and stress placed on them as well as inhibiting them from escaping from conflict ridden areas Energy
International Date Line
As a practical matter , the conventional International Date Line -- or another line in the Pacific Ocean close to it -- serves as a de facto date line for purposes of Jewish law , at least in existing Jewish communities . For example , residents of the Jewish communities of Japan , New Zealand , Hawaii , and French Polynesia all observe Shabbat on local Saturday . However , there is not unanimity as to how Jewish law reaches that conclusion . For this reason , some authorities rule that certain aspects of Sabbath observance are required on Sunday ( in Japan and New Zealand ) or Friday ( in Hawaii and French Polynesia ) in addition to Saturday . Additionally , there are differences of opinion as to which day or days individual Jews traveling in the Pacific region away from established Jewish communities should observe Shabbat .
Nuclear weapon
Fallout exposure -- Depending on if further afield individuals shelter in place or evacuate perpendicular to the direction of the wind , and therefore avoid contact with the fallout plume , and stay there for the days and weeks after the nuclear explosion , their exposure to fallout , and therefore their total dose , will vary . With those who do shelter in place , and or evacuate , experiencing a total dose that would be negligible in comparison to someone who just went about their life as normal .
Southwestern United States
The fact that a majority of residents of Texas and Oklahoma -- unlike those in other `` southwestern '' states -- self - identify as living in the South and consider themselves southerners rather than the West and westerners -- also lends to treating these two states as a somewhat distinct and separate entity in terms of regional classification .