vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Titanic (1997 film)
The film grossed an estimated $4.7 million on the first day of its re-release in North America ( including midnight preview showings ) and went on to make $17.3 million over the weekend , finishing in third place . Outside North America it earned $35.2 million finishing second , and improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9 million . China has proven to be its most successful territory where it earned $11.6 million on its opening day , going on to earn a record - breaking $67 million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run . The reissue ultimately earned $343.4 million worldwide , with $145 million coming from China and $57.8 million from Canada and United States .
Nissan Maxima
The Nissan Maxima is a full - size car ( previously mid-size ) manufactured by Nissan and sold primarily in North America , the Middle East , and China . Making its sales debut in 1981 for the 1982 model year as the Datsun Maxima , it replaced the earlier Datsun 810 . The name `` Maxima '' dates back to 1980 for the 1981 model year when the upscale 810 sold as the `` 810 Maxima '' in North America . Like the 810 , early versions of the Maxima had their origins in the Datsun / Nissan Bluebird . The Datsun brand was phased out in favor of Nissan in 1984 for the 1985 model year , thus becoming the Nissan Maxima .
Tropics
In biogeography , the tropics are divided into Paleotropics ( Africa , Asia and Australia ) and Neotropics ( Caribbean , Central America , and South America ) . Together , they are sometimes referred to as the Pantropic . The Neotropical region should not be confused with the ecozone of the same name ; in the Old World , there is no such ambiguity , as the Paleotropics correspond to the Afrotropical , Indomalayan , and partly the Australasian and Oceanic ecozones .
United Church of Christ
One of the UCC 's central beliefs is that it is `` called to be a united and uniting church '' . Because of this , the UCC is involved in Churches Uniting in Christ , an organization seeking to establish full communion among nine Protestant denominations in America . Currently , the UCC has entered into an ecumenical partnership with the Christian Church ( Disciples of Christ ) and through A Formula of Agreement , signed in 1997 , is in full communion with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , Presbyterian Church ( USA ) , and the Reformed Church in America . Internationally , the UCC has been in full communion with the Union Evangelischer Kirchen ( Union of Evangelical Churches ) in Germany since 1981 . The UEK is an organization of 13 Reformed and United Landeskirchen ( regional churches ) within the federation of Protestant churches known as the Evangelical Church of Germany .
Bank of America
On June 30 , 2005 , Bank of America announced it would purchase credit card giant MBNA for $35 billion in cash and stock . The Federal Reserve Board gave final approval to the merger on December 15 , 2005 , and the merger closed on January 1 , 2006 . The acquisition of MBNA provided Bank of America a leading domestic and foreign credit card issuer . The combined Bank of America Card Services organization , including the former MBNA , had more than 40 million U.S. accounts and nearly $140 billion in outstanding balances . Under Bank of America the operation was renamed FIA Card Services . Bank
Atlantic Ocean
Continental shelves in the Atlantic are wide off Newfoundland , southern-most South America , and north - eastern Europe . In the western Atlantic carbonate platforms dominate large areas , for example the Blake Plateau and Bermuda Rise . The Atlantic is surrounded by passive margins except at a few locations where active margins form deep trenches : the Puerto Rico Trench ( 8,414 m or 27,605 ft maximum depth ) in the western Pacific and South Sandwich Trench ( 8,264 m or 27,113 ft ) in the South Atlantic . There are numerous submarine canyons off north - eastern North America , western Europe , and north - western Africa . Some of these canyons extend along the continental rises and farther into the abyssal plains as deep - sea channels .
Institution
North argues that because of the preexisting influence that existing organizations have over the existing framework , change that is brought about is often in the interests of these organizations . This produces a phenomenon called path dependence , which states that institutional patterns are persistent and endure over time . These paths are determined at critical junctures , analogous to a fork in the road , whose outcome leads to a narrowing of possible future outcomes . Once a choice is made during a critical juncture , it becomes progressively difficult to return to the initial point where the choice was made . James Mahoney studies path dependence in the context of national regime change in Central America and finds that liberal policy choices of Central American leaders in the 19th century was the critical juncture that led to the divergent levels of development that we see in these countries today . The policy choices that leaders made in the context of liberal reform policy led to a variety of self - reinforcing institutions that created divergent development outcomes for the Central American countries .
Lebanon
The mountains of Lebanon are drained by seasonal torrents and rivers foremost of which is the 145 kilometres ( 90 mi ) long Leontes that rises in the Beqaa Valley to the west of Baalbek and empties into the Mediterranean Sea north of Tyre . Lebanon has 16 rivers all of which are non navigable ; 13 rivers originate from Mount Lebanon and run through the steep gorges and into the Mediterranean Sea , the other three arise in the Beqaa Valley .
Ural Mountains
Many rivers originate in the Ural Mountains . The western slopes south of the border between the Komi Republic and Perm Krai and the eastern slopes south of approximately 54 ° 30'N drain into the Caspian Sea via the Kama and Ural River basins . The tributaries of the Kama include the Vishera , Chusovaya , and Belaya and originate on both the eastern and western slopes . The rest of the Urals drain into the Arctic Ocean , mainly via the Pechora basin in the west , which includes the Ilych , Shchugor , and the Usa , and via the Ob basin in the east , which includes the Tobol , Tavda , Iset , Tura and Severnaya Sosva . The rivers are frozen for more than half the year . Generally , the western rivers have higher flow volume than the eastern ones , especially in the Northern and Nether - Polar regions . Rivers are slower in the Southern Urals . This is because of low precipitation and the relatively warm climate resulting in less snow and more evaporation .
Industrial Revolution
At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , inland transport was by navigable rivers and roads , with coastal vessels employed to move heavy goods by sea . Wagon ways were used for conveying coal to rivers for further shipment , but canals had not yet been widely constructed . Animals supplied all of the motive power on land , with sails providing the motive power on the sea . The first horse railways were introduced toward the end of the 18th century , with steam locomotives being introduced in the early decades of the 19th century .
Karnataka
The bulk of the state is in the Bayaluseeme region , the northern part of which is the second - largest arid region in India . The highest point in Karnataka is the Mullayanagiri hills in Chickmagalur district which has an altitude of 1,929 metres ( 6,329 ft ) . Some of the important rivers in Karnataka are Kaveri , Tungabhadra , Krishna , Malaprabha and the Sharavathi . A large number of dams and reservoirs are constructed across these rivers which richly add to the irrigation and hydel power generation capacities of the state .
Geography of West Bengal
The Teesta flows cutting deep gorges from north to south in the mountainous Darjeeling district , it enters the plains at Sevoke and flows in a mighty stream on straight line towards the south east until it pours its waters into the Brahamaputra in Bangladesh . Torsa , Jaldhaka , Kaljani , Raidak , Sankosh and Mahananda rivers are in the northern hilly region which rise in the Himalayas and flow in a southerly direction through the districts of Darjeeling , Alipurduar , Jalpaiguri , Cooch Behar and North and South Dinajpur and enters Bangladesh . As most of the rivers are snow fed , so most of the rivers are perennial in nature and often floods during the rainy season . The entire region is made up of sand , gravel and pebbles laid down by these rivers . The Mahananda rises from the Dow Hills forest , near the town of Darjeeling and are fed by similar small rivers like , Mahanadi , Balason , and Machi and runs in a zig - zag way through the district of Malda and joins the Padma in Bangladesh . In the central region , the main river is the Mahananda . The Tangon and Punarbhabha , and Atrai arises in the plains , while the former two joins together and flows into Mahanadi , Atrai flows into the Padma .
Islamic Golden Age
Apart from the Nile , Tigris , and Euphrates , navigable rivers were uncommon in the Middle East , so transport by sea was very important . Navigational sciences were highly developed , making use of a rudimentary sextant ( known as a kamal ) . When combined with detailed maps of the period , sailors were able to sail across oceans rather than skirt along the coast . Muslim sailors were also responsible for reintroducing large , three - masted merchant vessels to the Mediterranean . The name caravel may derive from an earlier Arab boat known as the qārib .
Economy of England in the Middle Ages
Land transport remained much more expensive than river or sea transport during the period . Many towns in this period , including York , Exeter and Lincoln , were linked to the oceans by navigable rivers and could act as seaports , with Bristol 's port coming to dominate the lucrative trade in wine with Gascony by the 13th century , but shipbuilding generally remained on a modest scale and economically unimportant to England at this time . Transport remained very costly in comparison to the overall price of products . By the 13th century , groups of common carriers ran carting businesses , and carting brokers existed in London to link traders and carters . These used the four major land routes crossing England : Ermine Street , the Fosse Way , Icknield Street and Watling Street . A large number of bridges were built during the 12th century to improve the trade network .
Standardized test
The concept of testing student achievement is not new , although the current Australian approach may be said to have its origins in current educational policy structures in both the USA and the UK . There are several key differences between the Australian NAPLAN and the UK and USA strategies . Schools that are found to be under - performing in the Australian context will be offered financial assistance under the current federal government policy .
Fair trade
Student groups have also been increasingly active in the past years promoting fair trade products . Although hundreds of independent student organizations are active worldwide , most groups in North America are either affiliated with United Students for Fair Trade ( USA , the Canadian Student Fair Trade Network ( Canada ) , or Fair Trade Campaigns ( USA ) , which also houses Fair Trade Universities and Fair Trade Schools .
River Mersey
Capt . William Gill of the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company , charted a safe , navigable channel ( the Victoria Channel ) through the treacherous uncharted waters of the estuary in 1830 .
Tennessee in the American Civil War
Control of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers was important in gaining control of Tennessee during the age of steamboats . Tennessee relied on northbound riverboats to receive staple commodities from the Cumberland and Tennessee valleys . The idea of using the rivers to breach the Confederate defense line in the West was well known by the end of 1861 ; Union gunboats had been scanning Confederate fort - building on the twin rivers for months before the campaign . Ulysses S. Grant and the United States Navy captured control of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers in February 1862 and held off the Confederate counterattack at Shiloh in April of the same year .
Technological and industrial history of the United States
The technological and industrial history of the United States describes the United States ' emergence as one of the most technologically advanced nations in the world . The availability of land and literate labor , the absence of a landed aristocracy , the prestige of entrepreneurship , the diversity of climate and a large easily accessed upscale and literate free market all contributed to America 's rapid industrialisation . The availability of capital , development by the free market of navigable rivers , and coastal waterways , and the abundance of natural resources facilitated the cheap extraction of energy all contributed to America 's rapid industrialization . Fast transport by the very large railroad built in the mid-19th century , and the Interstate Highway System built in the late 20th century , enlarged the markets and reducing shipping and production costs . The legal system facilitated business operations and guaranteed contracts . Cut off from Europe by the embargo and the British blockade in the War of 1812 ( 1807 -- 15 ) , entrepreneurs opened factories in the Northeast that set the stage for rapid industrialization modeled on British innovations .
River Thames
Rowing and sailing clubs are common along the Thames , which is navigable to such vessels . Kayaking and canoeing also take place . Major annual events include the Henley Royal Regatta and the Boat Race , while the Thames has been used during two Summer Olympic Games : 1908 ( rowing ) ; 1948 ( rowing and canoeing ) . Safe headwaters and reaches are a summer venue for organised swimming , which is prohibited on safety grounds in a stretch centred on Central London .
Metrication in the United States
Common swimming pool dimensions are 25 - yard , 25 - meter , and 50 - meter . High schools and the NCAA conduct 25 - yard competitions . USA Swimming ( USA - S ) swims in both metric and non-metric pools .
Ecuador
In the Costa , the external coast has mostly intermittent rivers that are fed by constant rains from December through May and become empty riverbeds during the dry season . The few exceptions are the longer , perennial rivers that flow throughout the external coast from the internal coast and La Sierra on their way to the Pacific Ocean . The internal coast , by contrast , is crossed by perennial rivers that may flood during the rainy season , sometimes forming swamps .
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
In September 1983 , Joan Rivers was designated Carson 's permanent guest host , a role she had been essentially filling for the previous year . In 1986 , she left the program for her own show on the then - new Fox Network . According to Carson , Rivers never personally informed him of the existence of her show . Rivers , on the other hand , disagreed . Nevertheless , Rivers ' new show was quickly canceled , and she never again appeared on The Tonight Show with Carson . She also never appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno , a ban instigated by Leno out of respect for Carson . She also never appeared during Conan O'Brien's seven - month run . After Carson 's death in 2005 , Rivers told CNN that Carson never forgave her for leaving , and never spoke to her again , even after she wrote him a note following the accidental death of Carson 's son Ricky in June 1991 . On February 17 , 2014 , Rivers returned to the Tonight Show as part of a skit in which numerous celebrities paid new host , Jimmy Fallon , after having lost the bet that he would never become the host of the program . Rivers appeared for a full - length interview segment on March 27 , 2014 .
Color television
Guillermo González Camarena independently invented and developed a field - sequential tricolor disk system in México in the late 1930s , for which he requested a patent in México on August 19 of 1940 and in the USA in 1941 . González Camarena produced his color television system in his laboratory Gon - Cam for the Mexican market and exported it to the Columbia College of Chicago , who regarded it as the best system in the world . Goldmark actually applied patent for the same field - sequential tricolor system in USA on September 7 of 1940 ; while González Camarena made his application in México nineteen days before , on August 19 of 1940 .
Root mean square
Because of their usefulness in carrying out power calculations , listed voltages for power outlets ( e.g. , 120 V in the USA , or 230 V in Europe ) are almost always quoted in RMS values , and not peak values . Peak values can be calculated from RMS values from the above formula , which implies V = V × √ 2 , assuming the source is a pure sine wave . Thus the peak value of the mains voltage in the USA is about 120 × √ 2 , or about 170 volts . The peak - to - peak voltage , being double this , is about 340 volts . A similar calculation indicates that the peak mains voltage in Europe is about 325 volts , and the peak - to - peak mains voltage , about 650 volts .
Colony of Virginia
Among the individuals who had briefly abandoned Jamestown was John Rolfe , a Sea Venture survivor who had lost his wife and son in Bermuda . He was a businessman from London who had some untried seeds for new , sweeter strains of tobacco with him , as well as some untried marketing ideas . It would turn out that John Rolfe held the key to the Colony 's economic success . By 1612 , Rolfe 's new strains of tobacco had been successfully cultivated and exported , establishing a first cash crop for export . Plantations and new outposts sprung up , initially both upriver and downriver along the navigable portion of the James , and thereafter along the other rivers and waterways of the area . The settlement at Jamestown could finally be considered permanently established .
Dutch elm disease
In 2005 , the National Elm Trial ( USA ) began a 10 - year evaluation of 19 cultivars in plantings across the United States . The trees in the trial are exclusively American developments ; no European cultivars have been included .
France–Vietnam relations
In 1864 , all the French territories in southern Vietnam were declared to be the new French colony of Cochinchina . In 1866 , France started the exploration of the Mekong river , with the objective of reaching the riches of China , under Ernest Doudart de Lagrée and Francis Garnier . They reached the Yunnan , discovering that the Mekong was not navigable as far as China . They found out instead that the Song - Koï river in Tonkin would be a good alternative .
We Are the World
`` We Are the World '' gained further promotion and coverage on May 25 , 1986 , when it was played during a major benefit event held throughout the US . Hands Across America -- USA for Africa 's follow - up project -- was an event in which millions of people formed a human chain across the US . The event was held to draw attention to hunger and homelessness in the United States . `` We Are the World '' 's co-writer , Michael Jackson , had wanted his song to be the official theme for the event . The other board members of USA for Africa outvoted the singer , and it was instead decided that a new song would be created and released for the event , titled `` Hands Across America '' . When released , the new song did not achieve the level of success that `` We Are the World '' did , and the decision to use it as the official theme for the event led to Jackson -- who co-owned the publishing rights to `` We Are the World '' -- resigning from the board of directors of USA for Africa .
Metrication in the United States
While the track and field Olympic Trials have always been conducted in metric distances , in order to duplicate the competition the selected athletes are destined for , the National Championships changed to metric in 1974 . However , USA Track & Field ( USATF ) continued to calculate the national championships in the high jump in U.S. customary units until 2002 . The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) switched its measurement system at the National Championship level in 1976 . The final holdout was the National Federation of State High School Associations ( NFHS ) administering high school sports , which switched to metric in 1980 .
Headquarters of the United Nations
Excluding gatherings solely for diplomats and academics , there are a few organizations which regularly hold events at the UN . The United Nations Association of the United States of America ( UNA - USA ) , a non-governmental organization , holds an annual `` member 's day '' event in one of the conference rooms . Model United Nations conferences sponsored by UNA - USA , the National Collegiate Conference Association ( NCCA / NMUN ) , and the International Model UN Association ( IMUNA / NHSMUN ) hold part of their sessions in the General Assembly chamber . Seton Hall University 's Whitehead School of Diplomacy hosts its UN summer study program at the headquarters as well .
We Are the World
One year after the release of `` We Are the World '' , organizers noted that $44.5 million had been raised for USA for Africa 's humanitarian fund . They stated that they were confident that they would reach an initial set target of $50 million ( equivalent to $112 million in 2018 ) . By October 1986 , it was revealed that their $50 million target had been met and exceeded ; CBS Records gave USA for Africa a check for $2.5 million , drawing the total amount of money to $51.2 million . USA for Africa 's Hands Across America event had also raised a significant amount of money -- approximately $24.5 million for the hungry in the US .
Dutch elm disease
Research to select resistant cultivars and varieties began in the Netherlands in 1928 , followed by the USA in 1937 . Initial efforts in the Netherlands involved crossing varieties of U. minor and U. glabra , but later included the Himalayan or Kashmir elm U. wallichiana as a source of antifungal genes . Early efforts in the USA involved the hybridization of the Siberian elm U. pumila with American red elm U. rubra to produce resistant trees . Resulting cultivars lacked the traditional shape and landscape value of the American elm ; few were planted .
Geography of West Bengal
The old delta consists of the districts of Murshidabad and Nadia and Purulia . The formation of delta is complete and the rivers here are heavily silted and many have even dried up in due course of time . Silted rivers , swamps , beels and oxbow lakes forms the area . This area is also known as Bagri region .
We Are the World
In June 1985 , the first USA for Africa cargo jet carrying food , medicine , and clothing departed for Ethiopia and Sudan . It stopped en route in New York , where 15,000 T - shirts were added to the cargo . Included in the supplies were high - protein biscuits , high - protein vitamins , medicine , tents , blankets and refrigeration equipment . Harry Belafonte , representing the USA for Africa musicians , visited Sudan in the same month . The trip was his last stop on a four - nation tour of Africa . Tanzanian Prime Minister Salim Ahmed Salim greeted and praised Belafonte , telling him , `` I personally and the people of Tanzania are moved by this tremendous example of human solidarity . '' A
Sword Art Online
At their Japan Expo USA panel , Yen Press announced the rights to publish the light novels ; the first volume was released on April 22 , 2014 . Yen Press later announced their license of the Sword Art Online : Progressive series , which is scheduled for release in 2015 . The novels are also published in China , Taiwan , South Korea , Thailand and Vietnam . With more than 16.7 million copies in print worldwide , there are future plans for publications in France , Germany , Italy , Austria , Switzerland and others .