vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Anthony Eden
In July 1920 , whilst still an undergraduate , Eden was recalled to military service as a lieutenant in the 6th Battalion of the Durham Light Infantry . In the spring of 1921 , once again as a temporary captain , he commanded local defence forces at Spennymoor as serious industrial unrest seemed possible . He again relinquished his commission on 8 July . He graduated from Oxford in June 1922 with a Double First . He continued to serve as an officer in the Territorial Army until May 1923 .
Rory McIlroy
McIlroy then returned to Europe and recorded two top - 25 finishes leading up to his first U.S. Open . He finished fifth at the BMW PGA Championship and 12th at the European Open . McIlroy played in his second major as a professional at the 2009 U.S. Open . His final round of 68 ( − 2 ) helped him finish in a tie for 10th , his first top - 10 finish in a major . The following week , McIlroy finished in 15th place at the BMW International Open . McIlroy played in his first Open Championship as a professional in July and finished T - 47 . He finished T - 3 at the 2009 PGA Championship .
Captain America: The First Avenger
Karina Longworth of The Village Voice gave the film a negative review , calling it `` ( A ) hokey , hacky , two - hour - plus exercise in franchise transition / price gouging , complete with utterly unnecessary post-converted 3 - D '' . Peter Debruge of Variety said , `` Captain America : The First Avenger plays like a by - the - numbers prequel for Marvel Studios ' forthcoming The Avengers movie '' . Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter had mixed feelings about the film , writing , `` As the last Marvel prequel that includes two Iron Man and Incredible Hulk movies before next summer 's The Avengers , this one feels perhaps a little too simplistic and routine '' .
Bigg Boss Kannada 5
^ 1 : As the captain , Anupama had the power to directly nominate one housemate , and she picked Niveditha 's name for eviction . ^ 2 : Chandru had a Special Adhikara to nominate 3 housemates instead of two . Captain Shruthi had the power to save one nominated housemate , and she decided to save Karthik . ^ 3 : Diwakar and Shruthi were directly nominated by Bigg Boss . Sameer became the first captain as a commoner . Anupama was directly nominated by Sameer . ^ 4 : Sameer had a Special Adhikara to nullify the nominations made by one housemate , and he chose to nullify the nominations made by Anupama . Karthik was directly nominated by Captain Riaz . Tejaswini walked out of the house due to her father 's health condition . She re-entered the house a day later . ^ 5 : An open nomination process took place in the garden area in Week 5 . But Karthik exercised his Super Adhikara by nominating two people in the confession room . Captain Chandan had the power to save one nominated housemate , and he decided to save Riaz . ^ 6 : On account of winning the General Knowledge quiz , Niveditha became the youngest captain in the history of Bigg Boss Kannada . Chandru was directly nominated by Niveditha for eviction . There was no eviction in Week 6 . Krishi re-entered the Bigg Boss House as a contestant . ^ 7 : Karthik Jayram became the captain of the house . The housemates were asked to nominate two people whom they want to save this week . Diwakar was directly nominated by Karthik for eviction . ^ 8 : Jagan became the captain of the house . Vaishnavi enters the house as a wild card contestant . Except for Jagan and Vaishnavi , all the other housemates are directly nominated for eviction by Bigg Boss . Vaishnavi exited the house on Day 54 due to recurring health issues . ^ 9 : Krishi became the new captain of the house .
Labor history of the United States
One of the central themes of the cases prior to the landmark decision in Commonwealth v. Hunt , which settled the legality of unions , was the applicability of the English common law in post-revolutionary America . Whether the English common law applied -- and in particular whether the common law notion that a conspiracy to raise wages was illegal applied -- was frequently the subject of debate between the defense and the prosecution . For instance , in Commonwealth v. Pullis , a case in 1806 against a combination of journeymen cordwainers in Philadelphia for conspiracy to raise their wages , the defense attorneys referred to the common law as arbitrary and unknowable and instead praised the legislature as the embodiment of the democratic promise of the revolution . In ruling that a combination to raise wages was per se illegal , Recorder Moses Levy strongly disagreed , writing that `` ( t ) he acts of the legislature form but a small part of that code from which the citizen is to learn his duties ... ( i ) t is in the volumes of the common law we are to seek for information in the far greater number , as well as the most important causes that come before our tribunals . ''
USS Maine (ACR-1)
According to Dana Wegner , who worked with U.S. Admiral Hyman G. Rickover on his 1974 investigation of the sinking , the Secretary of the Navy had the option of selecting a board of inquiry personally . Instead , he fell back on protocol and assigned the commander - in - chief of the North Atlantic Squadron to do so . The commander produced a list of junior line officers for the board . The fact that the officer proposed to be court president was junior to the captain of Maine , Wegner writes , `` would indicate either ignorance of navy regulations or that , in the beginning , the board did not intend to examine the possibility that the ship was lost by accident and the negligence of her captain . '' Eventually , navy regulations prevailed in leadership of the board ; Captain Sampson being senior to Captain Sigsbee .
Perry Expedition
To command his fleet , Perry chose officers with whom he had served in the Mexican - American War . Commander Franklin Buchanan was captain of Susquehanna and Joel Abbot was captain of Macedonian . Commander Henry A. Adams became the Commodore 's chief of staff with the title `` Captain of the Fleet '' . Major Jacob Zeilin ( future commandant of the United States Marine Corps ) was the ranking Marine officer , and was stationed on Mississippi .
Planck's law
One may imagine a small homogeneous spherical material body labeled X at a temperature T , lying in a radiation field within a large cavity with walls of material labeled Y at a temperature T . The body X emits its own thermal radiation . At a particular frequency ν , the radiation emitted from a particular cross-section through the centre of X in one sense in a direction normal to that cross-section may be denoted I ( T ) , characteristically for the material of X . At that frequency ν , the radiative power from the walls into that cross-section in the opposite sense in that direction may be denoted I ( T ) , for the wall temperature T. For the material of X , defining the absorptivity α ( T , T ) as the fraction of that incident radiation absorbed by X , that incident energy is absorbed at a rate α ( T , T ) I ( T ) .
Liverpool F.C.
Since the establishment of the club in 1892 , 45 players have been club captain of Liverpool F.C. Andrew Hannah became the first captain of the club after Liverpool separated from Everton and formed its own club . Initially Alex Raisbeck , who was club captain from 1899 to 1909 , was the longest serving captain before being overtaken by Steven Gerrard who served 12 seasons as Liverpool captain starting from the 2003 -- 04 season . The present captain is Jordan Henderson , who replaced Gerrard in the 2015 -- 16 season following Gerrard 's move to LA Galaxy .
Tommy (1975 film)
In the prologue , set in 1945 , a montage displays the honeymoon of Captain Walker ( Robert Powell ) and his wife , Nora ( Ann - Margret ) . After his leave ends , Walker goes off to fight in World War II as a bomber pilot , but is shot down during a mission . `` Captain Walker '' is listed as missing in action and is presumed dead , although -- unknown to his family -- the badly burnt Walker is in fact alive . Back in England , Nora goes into labour and gives birth to a son , Tommy , on V-E Day . Five years later , Nora has begun a new relationship with Frank ( Oliver Reed ) , a worker she and Tommy meet at Bernie 's Holiday Camp . Tommy looks up to his `` Uncle '' Frank and expresses his desires to run his own camp some day . In the 1950s , Nora and Frank dream of their future , but , late that evening , encounter the returning Captain Walker . He surprises Frank and Nora in bed , leading to a struggle in which Frank kills the Captain by striking him with a lamp . Tommy , having followed his father into the room , has witnessed everything . Nora and Frank nervously yell at Tommy , which , along with the trauma of watching his father 's murder , puts Tommy into a psychedelia - like `` Amazing Journey '' , in which , outwardly , he can not seem to see , hear or speak .
Grand Canyon
According to the San Francisco Herald , in a series of articles run in 1853 , Captain Joseph R. Walker in January 1851 with his nephew James T. Walker and six men , traveled up the Colorado River to a point where it joined the Virgin River and continued east into Arizona , traveling along the Grand Canyon and making short exploratory side trips along the way . Walker is reported to have said he wanted to visit the Moqui Indians , as the Hopi were then called by whites . He had met these people briefly in previous years , thought them exceptionally interesting and wanted to become better acquainted . The Herald reporter then stated , `` We believe that Captain Joe Walker is the only white man in this country that has ever visited this strange people . ''
Vietnam War
Early in the American military effort , it was decided that since the enemy were hiding their activities under triple - canopy jungle , a useful first step might be to defoliate certain areas . This was especially true of growth surrounding bases ( both large and small ) in what became known as Operation Ranch Hand . Corporations like Dow Chemical Company and Monsanto were given the task of developing herbicides for this purpose . American officials also pointed out that the British had previously used 2 , 4 , 5 - T and 2 , 4 - D ( virtually identical to America 's use in Vietnam ) on a large scale throughout the Malayan Emergency in the 1950s in order to destroy bushes , crops , and trees in effort to deny communist insurgents the concealment they needed to ambush passing convoys . Indeed , Secretary of State Dean Rusk told President John F. Kennedy on 24 November 1961 , that `` ( t ) he use of defoliant does not violate any rule of international law concerning the conduct of chemical warfare and is an accepted tactic of war . Precedent has been established by the British during the emergency in Malaya in their use of aircraft for destroying crops by chemical spraying . '' Handicapped
Death Star
AT&T Corporation 's logo introduced in 1982 is informally referred to as the `` Death Star '' . Ars Technica referred to `` the AT&T Death Star '' in an article criticizing a company data policy . Competitor T - Mobile mocked AT&T 's `` Death Star '' logo and `` Empire - like reputation '' in a press release .
List of highest-grossing films
Highest - grossing franchises and film series ( The films in each franchise can be viewed by selecting `` show '' . ) Rank Series Total worldwide gross No. of films Average of films Highest - grossing film ( show ) Marvel Cinematic Universe $13,507,653,153 17 $794,567,833 The Avengers ( $1,518,812,988 ) ( show ) Phase Two $5,271,691,209 6 $878,615,202 Avengers : Age of Ultron ( $1,405,403,694 ) Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) $1,405,403,694 Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) $1,214,811,252 Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) $773,328,629 Captain America : The Winter Soldier ( 2014 ) $714,264,267 5 Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) $644,571,402 6 Ant - Man ( 2015 ) $519,311,965 ( show ) Phase Three $4,424,717,460 5 $884,943,492 Captain America : Civil War ( $1,153,304,495 ) Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) $1,153,304,495 Spider - Man : Homecoming ( 2017 ) $880,166,924 Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 ( 2017 ) $863,732,512 Thor : Ragnarok ( 2017 ) $849,795,134 5 Doctor Strange ( 2016 ) $677,718,395
Mail order
In 1498 , the publisher Aldus Manutius of Venice printed a catalogue of the books he was printing . In 1667 , the English gardener , William Lucas , published a seed catalogue , which he mailed to his customers to inform them of his prices . Catalogues spread to colonial America , where Benjamin Franklin is believed to have been the first cataloguer in British America . In 1744 he produced a catalogue of sold scientific and academic books .
Around the World in Eighty Days
In New York , having missed the ship China , Fogg looks for alternative transport . He finds a steamboat , the Henrietta , destined for Bordeaux , France . The captain of the boat refuses to take the company to Liverpool , whereupon Fogg consents to be taken to Bordeaux for $2,000 ( £ 207,540 in 2017 ) per passenger . He then bribes the crew to mutiny and make course for Liverpool . Against hurricane winds and going on full steam , the boat runs out of fuel after a few days . Fogg buys the boat from the captain and has the crew burn all the wooden parts to keep up the steam .
Abner Doubleday
Doubleday initially served in coastal garrisons and then in the Mexican -- American War from 1846 to 1848 and the Seminole Wars from 1856 to 1858 . In 1858 he was transferred to Fort Moultrie in Charleston Harbor serving under Colonel John L. Gardner . By the start of the Civil War , he was a captain and second in command in the garrison at Fort Sumter , under Major Robert Anderson . He aimed the cannon that fired the first return shot in answer to the Confederate bombardment on April 12 , 1861 . He subsequently referred to himself as the `` hero of Sumter '' for this role .
Howard Stark
Howard Stark Howard Stark as seen in S.H.I.E.L.D. # 1 . Art by Dustin Weaver . Publication information Publisher Marvel Comics First appearance Iron Man # 28 ( August 1970 ) Created by Archie Goodwin ( writer ) Don Heck ( artist ) In - story information Full name Howard Anthony Walter Stark Species Human Place of origin Earth Team affiliations Stark Industries Supporting character of Iron Man Captain America Abilities Genius - level intellect Highly proficient scientist , engineer , and businessperson
Planck's law
When thermal equilibrium prevails at temperature T = T = T , the rate of accumulation of energy vanishes so that q ( ν , T , T ) = 0 . It follows that in thermodynamic equilibrium , when T = T = T ,
T-Dog (The Walking Dead)
Zack Handlen commented in his review of the third season premiere `` Seed '' that `` T - Dog has lines , folks '' , and in his review of the next episode `` Sick '' Handlen said that T - Dog `` still is just `` the black guy with that name , '' but at least he 's getting more lines `` . `` Killer Within '' signified the final appearance of IronE Singleton as a regular . Singleton was informed about his character 's fate before production of the third season began , and received word of his character 's imminent demise only a few weeks before filming his final episode , so he had to avoid arousing any suspicion from the public , particularly T - Dog 's fans . T - Dog 's death was heroic by design and reflected his personal life ; Glen Mazzara stated that T - Dog 's stint as a football player became evident as `` he just heroically acts as a linebacker and just clotheslines these walkers , even at his own expense . '' Robert Kirkman commented that he and Mazzara decided to kill T - Dog because they `` really wanted to put Rick and the group back on their heels . T - Dog had become a central part of Rick 's strike team , so to speak . So , to have him go out in such a heroic way also shows the audience just how important and essential he was . Now they 've lost this other key piece of their group . We really wanted to be coming out of this episode completely spent and unsure as to how to move forward . Losing T - Dog definitely helps that along . Plus : We definitely wanted to lose two people in this episode . We felt that having T - Dog die would make the audience think , `` Oh my gosh , this is a crazy episode . We totally lost T - Dog ! '' It makes the death of Lori that much more unexpected . '' Singleton said about his character 's `` heroic '' death : `` When I read ( the script ) , I was thankful that he would go out as a hero . It made me feel really appreciated . ''
Bank of America
In November 2010 , Forbes magazine published an interview with Assange in which he stated his intent to publish information which would turn a major U.S. bank `` inside out '' . In response to this announcement , Bank of America stock dropped 3.2 % .
T cell
Activation of CD4 T cells occurs through the simultaneous engagement of the T - cell receptor and a co-stimulatory molecule ( like CD28 , or ICOS ) on the T cell by the major histocompatibility complex ( MHCII ) peptide and co-stimulatory molecules on the APC . Both are required for production of an effective immune response ; in the absence of co-stimulation , T - cell receptor signalling alone results in anergy . The signalling pathways downstream from co-stimulatory molecules usually engages the PI3K pathway generating PIP3 at the plasma membrane and recruiting PH domain containing signaling molecules like PDK1 that are essential for the activation of PKCθ , and eventual IL - 2 production . Optimal CD8 T cell response relies on CD4 signalling . CD4 cells are useful in the initial antigenic activation of naïve CD8 T cells , and sustaining memory CD8 T cells in the aftermath of an acute infection . Therefore , activation of CD4 T cells can be beneficial to the action of CD8 T cells .
List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films
The first film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe was Iron Man ( 2008 ) , which was distributed by Paramount Pictures . Paramount also distributed Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Thor ( 2011 ) and Captain America : The First Avenger ( 2011 ) , while Universal Pictures distributed The Incredible Hulk ( 2008 ) . Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures began distributing the films with the 2012 crossover film The Avengers , which concluded Phase One of the franchise . Phase Two includes Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) , Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) , Captain America : The Winter Soldier ( 2014 ) , Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) , Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , and Ant - Man ( 2015 ) .
iPhone 6
In February 2017 , the iPhone 6 was quietly relaunched in carrier stores and online , this time the storage has been changed to 32 GB . In India it was sold on Amazon 's website in Space Grey . In Taiwan , it was sold through Taiwan Mobile on March 10 in gold colour . In mid-March , it was released in the EU to Belarus via the i - Store web shop . It also makes an appearance in North America with Sprint based US prepaid carriers Boost Mobile and Virgin Mobile , along with AT&T GoPhone . These are not being distributed by Apple on their website or their retail stores .
Erwin Rommel
In January 1918 , Rommel was promoted to Hauptmann ( captain ) and assigned to a staff position with XLIV Army Corps , where he served for the remainder of the war .
Arthur Phillip
In 2007 , Geoffrey Robertson QC alleged that Phillip 's remains are no longer in St Nicholas Church , Bathampton and have been lost : `` ... Captain Arthur Phillip is not where the ledger stone says he is : it may be that he is buried somewhere outside , it may simply be that he is simply lost . But he is not where Australians have been led to believe that he now lies . ''
Returns to scale
In a more general set - up , for a multi-input - multi-output production processes , one may assume technology can be represented via some technology set , call it T ( \ displaystyle \ T ) , which must satisfy some regularity conditions of production theory . In this case , the property of constant returns to scale is equivalent to saying that technology set T ( \ displaystyle \ T ) is a cone , i.e. , satisfies the property a T = T , ∀ a > 0 ( \ displaystyle \ aT = T , \ forall a > 0 ) . In turn , if there is a production function that will describe the technology set T ( \ displaystyle \ T ) it will have to be homogeneous of degree 1 .
Planck's law
Kirchhoff pointed out that it follows that in thermodynamic equilibrium , when T = T = T ,
Edelweiss (song)
While The Sound of Music was in tryouts in Boston , Richard Rodgers felt Captain von Trapp should have a song with which he would bid farewell to the Austria he knew and loved . Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II decided to write an extra song that Captain von Trapp would sing in the festival concert sequence towards the end of the show . As they were writing it , they felt that this song could also utilize the guitar - playing and folk - singing talents of Theodore Bikel , who had been cast as the Captain . The Lindsay and Crouse script provides the metaphor of the simple edelweiss wildflower as a symbol of the Austria that Captain von Trapp , Maria , and their children knew would live on , in their hearts , despite the Nazi annexation of their homeland . The metaphor of this song builds on an earlier scene when Gretl presents a bouquet of edelweiss flowers to Baroness Elsa Schräder during her visit to the von Trapp household . Rodgers provided a simple , yet haunting and affecting waltz - time melody , to the simple Italian style ritornello lyric that Hammerstein wrote about the appearance of the edelweiss flower . This song turned out to be one of the most beloved songs in the musical , and also one of the best - loved songs of Rodgers and Hammerstein .
Yuvraj Singh
In September 2007 , Mahendra Singh Dhoni and Yuvraj were named ODI captain and vice-captain respectively , following the resignation of Rahul Dravid . Yuvraj scored 121 at Hyderabad in a losing cause in the third of the seven ODIs against Australia , but accumulated only 71 in the other six matches of the series . He enjoyed a return to form in India 's home ODI series against Pakistan in November 2007 . He scored four half - centuries in five matches , averaging 68 , and was named player of the series as India won the series 3 -- 2 . He was also fined for showing dissent in the final match in Jaipur . Although Yuvraj was included in Indian squad for the subsequent Test series against Pakistan , Test captain Anil Kumble said that Yuvraj `` will have to wait a little bit more to become a regular member in the Test squad . '' He did not feature in the playing eleven in the first two matches , but was picked in the third Test at Bangalore to replace an injured Sachin Tendulkar . Batting first , India was 61 / 4 before Yuvraj and Sourav Ganguly shared a 300 - run fifth - wicket partnership , and Yuvraj recorded his highest Test score of 169 off 203 balls and Ganguly went on to score 239 which was his highest score in tests .
Thymus
The ability of T cells to recognize foreign antigens is mediated by the T - cell receptor . The T - cell receptor undergoes genetic rearrangement during thymocyte maturation , resulting in each T cell bearing a unique T - cell receptor , specific to a limited set of peptide : MHC combinations . The random nature of the genetic rearrangement results in a requirement of central tolerance mechanisms to remove or inactivate those T cells which bear a T - cell receptor with the ability to recognise self - peptides .