vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Oath of office of the President of the United States
While the Constitution does not mandate that anyone in particular should administer the presidential oath of office , it is typically administered by the Chief Justice . There have been several exceptions , however . George Washington was sworn into office during his first inauguration , on April 30 , 1789 , by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston . William Cranch , chief judge of the U.S. Circuit Court , administered the oath to Millard Fillmore on July 10 , 1850 , when he became president after the death of Zachary Taylor . Upon being informed of Warren Harding 's death , while visiting his family home in Plymouth Notch , Vermont , Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as president by his father , John Calvin Coolidge Sr. , a notary public . Federal Judge Sarah T. Hughes administered the oath of office to Lyndon B. Johnson aboard Air Force One after John F. Kennedy 's assassination on November 22 , 1963 . This was the first ( and to date only ) time a woman administered the oath of office . Overall , the presidential oath has been administered by 15 Chief Justices ( one of whom -- William Howard Taft -- was also a former president ) , one Associate Justice , four federal judges , two New York state judges , and one notary public .
History of the Philippines (1898–1946)
Theodore Roosevelt , who was at that time Assistant Secretary of the Navy , ordered Commodore George Dewey , commanding the Asiatic Squadron of the United States Navy : `` Order the squadron ... to Hong Kong . Keep full of coal . In the event of declaration of war Spain , your duty will be to see that the Spanish squadron does not leave the Asiatic coast , and then offensive operations in Philippine Islands . '' Dewey 's squadron departed on April 27 for the Philippines , reaching Manila Bay on the evening of April 30 .
Reactions to On the Origin of Species
The reviewers were less encouraging . Four days before publication , a review in the authoritative Athenaeum ( by John Leifchild , published anonymously , as was the custom at that time ) was quick to pick out the unstated implications of `` men from monkeys '' already controversial from Vestiges , saw snubs to theologians , summing up Darwin 's `` creed '' as man `` was born yesterday -- he will perish tomorrow '' and concluded that `` The work deserves attention , and will , we have no doubt , meet with it . Scientific naturalists will take up the author upon his own peculiar ground ; and there will we imagine be a severe struggle for at least theoretical existence . Theologians will say -- and they have a right to be heard -- Why construct another elaborate theory to exclude Deity from renewed acts of creation ? Why not at once admit that new species were introduced by the Creative energy of the Omnipotent ? Why not accept direct interference , rather than evolutions of law , and needlessly indirect or remote action ? Having introduced the author and his work , we must leave them to the mercies of the Divinity Hall , the College , the Lecture Room , and the Museum . '' At Ilkley , Darwin raged `` But the manner in which he drags in immortality , & sets the Priests at me , & leaves me to their mercies , is base . He would on no account burn me ; but he will get the wood ready and tell the black beasts how to catch me . '' Darwin sprained an ankle and his health worsened , as he wrote to friends it was `` odious '' .
Snow White and the Huntsman
Snow White and the Huntsman Theatrical release poster Directed by Rupert Sanders Produced by Joe Roth Sam Mercer Screenplay by Evan Daugherty John Lee Hancock Hossein Amini Story by Evan Daugherty Based on Snow White by the Brothers Grimm Starring Kristen Stewart Charlize Theron Chris Hemsworth Sam Claflin Ian McShane Bob Hoskins Ray Winstone Nick Frost Toby Jones Music by James Newton Howard Cinematography Greig Fraser Edited by Conrad Buff Neil Smith Production company Roth Films Distributed by Universal Pictures Release date May 30 , 2012 ( 2012 - 05 - 30 ) ( United Kingdom ) June 1 , 2012 ( 2012 - 06 - 01 ) ( United States ) Running time 127 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $170 million Box office $396.6 million
Jumping the broom
In the classic 1977 TV mini-series Roots , Kunta Kinte / `` Toby '' ( played by John Amos as adult Kunta Kinte - Levar Burton played the teenager Kunta Kinte ) had a marriage ceremony where he and Belle ( played by Madge Sinclair ) jumped the broom .
Native Son
When the Daltons receive the note , they contact the police , who take over the investigation from Britten , and journalists soon arrive at the house . Bigger is afraid , but he does not want to leave . In the afternoon , he is ordered to take the ashes out of the furnace and make a new fire . He is terrified and starts poking the ashes with the shovel until the whole room is full of smoke . Furious , one of the journalists takes the shovel and pushes Bigger aside . He immediately finds the remains of Mary 's bones and an earring in the furnace , and Bigger flees .
The Sixth Sense
Crowe returns home , where he finds his wife asleep with their wedding video playing . While still asleep , Anna asks her husband why he left her , and drops Crowe 's wedding ring , which he suddenly discovers he has not been wearing . He remembers what Cole said about ghosts and realizes that he has actually been dead the whole time . Because of Cole 's efforts , Crowe 's unfinished business -- rectifying his failure to understand and help Vincent -- is finally complete . Crowe fulfills the second reason he returned ; to tell his wife she was never second , and that he loves her . His goal complete , he is free to leave the world of the living .
Soulja Boy
On December 5 , 2010 , Way clarified this statement that Lupe Fiasco was too `` lyrical '' , explaining that he wanted to keep the rudimentary music style he developed and justified why he does n't keep a lyrically - based flow and more substantially profound lyrical subject matter on every song . According to Way :
List of Sons of Anarchy characters
In Season 3 , Eric Miles a.k.a. `` Miles '' ( Frank Potter ) is SAMCRO 's newest patched - in member . He is introduced in the episode `` The Push '' as a prospect . Miles assists the club with tasks such as cleaning the clubhouse , providing backup when they break into Salazar 's house , and watching Gemma to make sure she does n't leave the clubhouse when she is hiding from the law . Miles is murdered by Juice to cover up what really happened with the cocaine stolen from the warehouse . John
Lectionary
This eucharistic lectionary should not be confused with the various Daily Office lectionaries in use in various denominations . The Consultation on Common Texts has produced a three - year Daily Lectionary which is thematically tied into the Revised Common Lectionary , but the RCL does not provide a daily Eucharistic lectionary as such . Various Anglican and Lutheran Churches have their own daily lectionaries . Many of the Anglican daily lectionaries are adapted from the one provided in the 1979 Book of Common Prayer .
History of democracy
`` Its administration favors the many instead of the few ; this is why it is called a democracy . If we look to the laws , they afford equal justice to all in their private differences ; if no social standing , advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity , class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit ; nor again does poverty bar the way , if a man is able to serve the state , he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition . The freedom which we enjoy in our government extends also to our ordinary life . '' A
Romance languages
This would explain why some of the `` northwest '' features ( almost all of which can be characterized as innovations ) end at differing points in northern Italy , and why some of the languages in geographically remote parts of Spain ( in the south , and high in the Pyrenees ) are lacking some of these features . It also explains why the languages in France ( especially standard French ) seem to have innovated earlier and more completely than other Western Romance languages .
War for the Planet of the Apes
Soon after , Caesar 's son , Blue Eyes , and his lieutenant Rocket return from a journey to find a safe haven for the apes . They report that they have found a place across the desert that is perfect for the clan . Winter , still frightened from the soldiers ' attack , wants to leave immediately , but Caesar does not think they are prepared to leave so soon . That night , a group of Alpha - Omega soldiers , led by the Colonel , infiltrates the apes ' home behind a waterfall . The apes discover their presence and kill them all except the Colonel , whom Caesar encounters preparing to escape . Discovering that the Colonel has killed his wife Cornelia along with Blue Eyes , an enraged Caesar lunges at the Colonel but fails to prevent him from escaping out of the waterfall . Upon discovering that Winter has disappeared , Luca , a gorilla and Caesar 's secondary lieutenant , believes that he has betrayed them out of cowardice .
Consciousness
Consciousness -- The having of perceptions , thoughts , and feelings ; awareness . The term is impossible to define except in terms that are unintelligible without a grasp of what consciousness means . Many fall into the trap of equating consciousness with self - consciousness -- to be conscious it is only necessary to be aware of the external world . Consciousness is a fascinating but elusive phenomenon : it is impossible to specify what it is , what it does , or why it has evolved . Nothing worth reading has been written on it .
Morpheme
Some words might seem to be composed of multiple morphemes , but in fact , they are not . This is why one has to consider form and meaning when identifying morphemes . For example , the word relate might seem to be composed of two morphemes , re - ( prefix ) and the word late , but this is not correct . These morphemes have no relationship with the definitions relevant to the word like `` feel sympathy '' , `` narrate '' , or `` being connected by blood or marriage '' . Furthermore , the length of the words does not determine if it has multiple morphemes or not . To demonstrate , the word Madagascar is long and it might seem to have morphemes like mad , gas , and car , but it does not . Conversely , small words can have multiple morphemes ( e.g. dogs ) .
How to Train Your Dragon
This is the eleventh and penultimate book in the series . While waiting for Valhallarama ( she was going to retrieve the rest of the things from the Alvinsmen -- Alvin 's team -- so Hiccup would become king ) , the ten companions of the Dragonmark ( Hiccup , Fishlegs , Camicazi , Toothless , Wodensfang , Stormfly , Windwalker , Innocence , Arrogance and Patience ) hear a human calling for help then abruptly stopping . Soon they find Wolf - fangs in the river , showing them why he was screaming . Then they see why he stopped . Thousands of Dragon Rebellion dragons were sleeping on the riverbank . Then they see who the human is ... Snotlout . Everyone except Hiccup decides to leave him , but Hiccup persuades them to save him , accidentally waking up Snotlout 's Hogfly . The Hogfly , in turn , accidentally wakes up the nearby Rebellion dragons . They all flee from the Rebellion dragons ( joined by the dragon Furious ) to their secret hideout , hiding as Furious and the dragons search for them . However , Alvin 's Spydragons kidnap Camicazi so Snotlout brings them on a rescue mission to save her . When escaping from the Alvinsmen , Snotlout changes clothes with Hiccup to provide a diversion . Snotlout is shot down , and killed . Therefore , Camicazi and Fishlegs think Hiccup is dead .
Centipede
Centipede reproduction does not involve copulation . Males deposit a spermatophore for the female to take up . In one clade , this spermatophore is deposited in a web , and the male undertakes a courtship dance to encourage the female to engulf his sperm . In other cases , the males just leave them for the females to find . In temperate areas , egg laying occurs in spring and summer , but in subtropical and tropical areas , little seasonality to centipede breeding is apparent . A few species of parthenogenetic centipedes are known .
The Dirty Dozen
I 'm glad the Chicago Police Censor Board forgot about that part of the local censorship law where it says films shall not depict the burning of the human body . If you have to censor , stick to censoring sex , I say ... but leave in the mutilation , leave in the sadism and by all means leave in the human beings burning to death . It 's not obscene as long as they burn to death with their clothes on .
United States Congress
At the start of each two - year session the House elects a speaker who does not normally preside over debates but serves as the majority party 's leader . In the Senate , the Vice President is the ex officio president of the Senate . In addition , the Senate elects an officer called the President pro tempore . Pro tempore means for the time being and this office is usually held by the most senior member of the Senate 's majority party and customarily keeps this position until there 's a change in party control . Accordingly , the Senate does not necessarily elect a new president pro tempore at the beginning of a new Congress . In both the House and Senate , the actual presiding officer is generally a junior member of the majority party who is appointed so that new members become acquainted with the rules of the chamber .
Corrosion
Most ceramic materials are almost entirely immune to corrosion . The strong chemical bonds that hold them together leave very little free chemical energy in the structure ; they can be thought of as already corroded . When corrosion does occur , it is almost always a simple dissolution of the material or chemical reaction , rather than an electrochemical process . A common example of corrosion protection in ceramics is the lime added to soda - lime glass to reduce its solubility in water ; though it is not nearly as soluble as pure sodium silicate , normal glass does form sub-microscopic flaws when exposed to moisture . Due to its brittleness , such flaws cause a dramatic reduction in the strength of a glass object during its first few hours at room temperature .
Overview of gun laws by nation
In the Lebanese Republic , ownership of any firearm other than handguns , hunting arms and antiques is illegal and only the latter two are permitted to leave the owner 's home , making Lebanon one of the most gun - controlled nations in the Middle East . Disregard for this law , however , is prevalent . Lebanon does not officially grant the right to bear arms , but it is a firmly held cultural belief in the country . Firearms licenses are granted to certain individuals , but the test is not open to the public and requires a particular need to be demonstrated .
Holmes on Homes
The show 's premise revolves around general contractor Mike Holmes visiting homeowners ( initially in the Greater Toronto Area in the earlier seasons , but also to various locales across Canada and the United States , starting with the seventh season ) who are in need of help , mainly due to unsatisfactory home renovations performed by hired contractors . A typical episode has homeowners describing their experiences with the previous contractor , including what had caused the original contractor to leave the work incomplete or with substandard work ( often under Ontario building codes ) . Holmes would also go into detail to explain why the work he sees is substandard and needs to be replaced during the repair process . The original contractors are never named on the shows , although an episode of CBC Television 's Marketplace has done investigative journalism behind a sixth - season episode and exposed the contractor alleged to have been at fault .
Theatre director
A number of seminal works on directing and directors include Toby Cole and Helen Krich 's 1972 Directors on Directing : A Sourcebook of the Modern Theatre , Edward Braun 's 1982 book The Director and the Stage : From Naturalism to Growtowski and Will 's The Director in a Changing Theatre ( 1976 ) .
Sinking of the RMS Titanic
The prevailing public reaction to the disaster was one of shock and outrage , directed against several issues and people : why were there so few lifeboats ? Why had Ismay saved his own life when so many others died ? Why did Titanic proceed into the ice field at full speed ? The outrage was driven not least by the survivors themselves ; even while they were aboard Carpathia on their way to New York , Beesley and other survivors determined to `` awaken public opinion to safeguard ocean travel in the future '' and wrote a public letter to The Times urging changes to maritime safety laws .
Damon Salvatore
The Five , shows Damon tasking Stefan with learning more about the Vampire Hunter , Connor while Damon decides to accompany both Bonnie and Elena to College . This trip is ostensibly about teaching Elena the ' hunt ' : how to catch , feed and erase . After some initial problems , Elena has a Frat Party gets success and seems to enjoy herself causing friction with Bonnie . She leaves the party and later states that she does n't want to be like Damon . In the next episode , she begins to believe that Stefan is lying to her and takes things into her own hands to kill the vampire hunter who is holding her brother , Matt , and April captive . She does , and begins to suffer from hallucinations at the end of the episode . After asking Stefan why he wants to cure Elena , Damon tells him that he loves Elena as a vampire or human .
We will bury you
While addressing Westerners at the embassy on November 18 , 1956 , in the presence of Polish Communist statesman Władysław Gomułka , Khrushchev said : `` About the capitalist states , it does n't depend on you whether or not we exist . If you do n't like us , do n't accept our invitations , and do n't invite us to come to see you . Whether you like it or not , history is on our side . We will bury you ! '' The speech prompted the envoys from twelve NATO nations and Israel to leave the room .
Ryan Howard (The Office)
Even though Ryan and Kelly continue to bicker , he is sweet to her in the episode `` Safety Training '' . B.J. Novak has stated that Ryan and Kelly are going strong , well into the third season : `` I think Ryan and Kelly is a relationship that everyone has been in . It 's a puzzle as to why they 're still together , but I think Ryan loves being loved -- even though he wo n't admit it . He lost Michael 's love so he has to take in more love from Kelly . ''
Mortal Kombat
Ed Boon recalled that for six out of the eight months while they were in production of the original Mortal Kombat , `` nobody could come up with a name nobody did n't hate '' . Some of the names suggested included `` Kumite '' , `` Dragon Attack '' , `` Death Blow '' and just `` Fatality '' . Someone had written down `` combat '' on the drawing board for the names in Boon 's office and then someone wrote a K over the C , according to Boon , `` just to be kind of weird '' . Steve Ritchie , a pinball designer at that time , was sitting in Boon 's office and saw the word `` Kombat '' and said to Boon , ' Why do n't you name it Mortal Kombat ? ' and that name `` just stuck '' . Since then , the series uses the letter `` K '' in place of `` C '' for various words containing the hard C sound . According to Boon , during the MK games ' development they usually spell the words correctly and only `` korrect it '' when one of the developers points out they should do it .
Parliamentary sovereignty
European law does not recognize the British concept of parliamentary supremacy . The UK courts currently recognize the supremacy of EU law on those subjects where the EU can legislate . However , this supremacy conceptually derives from the European Communities Act 1972 and its successors . No sovereign state has ever withdrawn from the European Union ( except for the withdrawal of the North African Départments of France at Independence to become Algeria , and also of Greenland by Plebiscite ) , but since the passage of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009 there is now a defined process for doing so . On 23 June 2016 , a majority of the British people voted to leave the EU .
Plate tectonics
If the Earth 's crust was expanding along the oceanic ridges , Hess and Dietz reasoned like Holmes and others before them , it must be shrinking elsewhere . Hess followed Heezen , suggesting that new oceanic crust continuously spreads away from the ridges in a conveyor belt -- like motion . And , using the mobilistic concepts developed before , he correctly concluded that many millions of years later , the oceanic crust eventually descends along the continental margins where oceanic trenches -- very deep , narrow canyons -- are formed , e.g. along the rim of the Pacific Ocean basin . The important step Hess made was that convection currents would be the driving force in this process , arriving at the same conclusions as Holmes had decades before with the only difference that the thinning of the ocean crust was performed using Heezen 's mechanism of spreading along the ridges . Hess therefore concluded that the Atlantic Ocean was expanding while the Pacific Ocean was shrinking . As old oceanic crust is `` consumed '' in the trenches ( like Holmes and others , he thought this was done by thickening of the continental lithosphere , not , as now understood , by underthrusting at a larger scale of the oceanic crust itself into the mantle ) , new magma rises and erupts along the spreading ridges to form new crust . In effect , the ocean basins are perpetually being `` recycled , '' with the creation of new crust and the destruction of old oceanic lithosphere occurring simultaneously . Thus , the new mobilistic concepts neatly explained why the Earth does not get bigger with sea floor spreading , why there is so little sediment accumulation on the ocean floor , and why oceanic rocks are much younger than continental rocks .
The Change-Up
Mitch asks why Dave did not invite him to his anniversary party , and Dave admits that he was embarrassed of him , but has grown to respect him while he was in his body and this allows Mitch to relax enough to be able to urinate . Mitch and Dave try wishing for their original lives back , but it does not work . Security begins to come to arrest them , but on the third try the Galleria 's lights go out , and they both run away before they turn back on . The confused crowd looks around , and the camera pans up to the face of the statue , once again smiling .