vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Hot air balloon
On January 15 , 1991 , the ' Virgin Pacific Flyer ' balloon completed the longest flight in a hot air balloon when Per Lindstrand ( born in Sweden , but resident in the UK ) and Richard Branson of the UK flew 7,671.91 km ( 4,767.10 mi ) from Japan to Northern Canada . With a volume of 74 thousand cubic meters ( 2.6 million cubic feet ) , the balloon envelope was the largest ever built for a hot air craft . Designed to fly in the trans - oceanic jet streams , the Pacific Flyer recorded the fastest ground speed for a manned balloon at 245 mph ( 394 km / h ) . The longest duration record was set by Swiss psychiatrist Bertrand Piccard , Auguste Piccard 's grandson ; and Briton Brian Jones , flying in the Breitling Orbiter 3 . It was the first nonstop trip around the world by balloon . The balloon left Château - d'Oex , Switzerland , on March 1 , 1999 , and landed at 1 : 02 a.m. on March 21 in the Egyptian desert 300 miles ( 480 km ) south of Cairo . The two men exceeded distance , endurance , and time records , traveling 19 days , 21 hours , and 55 minutes . Steve Fossett , flying solo , exceeded the record for briefest time traveling around the world on 3 July 2002 on his sixth attempt , in 320 h 33 min . Fedor Konyukhov flew solo round the world on his first attempt in a hybrid hot - air / helium balloon from 11 to 23 July 2016 for a round - the world time of 272h 11m , as of 17 September 2016 awaiting official confirmation as the new record .
Call of Duty: WWII
At the height of the Battle of the Bulge , the platoon is surrounded by Germans . Daniels meets an African - American technician , Howard ( Russell Richardson ) , who helps the platoon contact air support . The platoon captures several German soldiers , and discovers that the Germans plan to destroy a bridge at Remagen , the last bridge over the Rhine . After destroying the explosives in transit , Pierson orders the platoon to attack a nearby air base to destroy the remaining explosives . The attack fails , resulting in Daniels and Zussman being surrounded by enemy troops . Daniels is saved by Howard , while Zussman is captured and taken to a German prisoner of war camp , Stalag IX - B. Daniels disobeys Pierson and attempts to pursue the German truck carrying Zussman , but ends up injuring himself in the process and letting the truck escape . He is then hospitalized , with Pierson denying him from the platoon . In Stalag IX - B , Zussman is interrogated on his Jewish heritage by SS officer Metz ( George Regout ) , then is beaten and sent to a concentration camp .
Fingerprint
Friction ridge skin present on the soles of the feet and toes ( plantar surfaces ) is as unique in its ridge detail as are the fingers and palms ( palmar surfaces ) . When recovered at crime scenes or on items of evidence , sole and toe impressions can be used in the same manner as finger and palm prints to effect identifications . The footprints of infants , along with the thumb or index finger prints of mothers , are still commonly recorded in hospitals to assist in verifying the identity of infants . It is not uncommon for military records of flight personnel to include barefoot inked impressions . Friction ridge skin protected inside flight boots tends to survive the trauma of a plane crash ( and accompanying fire ) better than fingers .
Talk:Wifebeater (shirt)
I agree that `` wifebeater '' refers to a white colored sleevless shirt . Also , want to point out that I removed a photo of Hugh Jackman and replaced it with one of Marlon Brando ( fair use ) . The photo of Mr. Jackman ( from one of the X-Men movies ) did n't show him wearing a wifebeater and instead actually accompanied a reference to the film . I know he 's a good looking guy and that x-men are cool , but photos in articles need to be relevant to the subject .
2018 FIFA World Cup
Platov International Airport in Rostov - on - Don was upgraded with automated air traffic control systems , modern surveillance , navigation , communication , control , and meteorological support systems . Koltsovo Airport in Yekaterinburg was upgraded with radio - engineering tools for flight operation and received its second runway strip . Saransk Airport received a new navigation system ; the city also got two new hotels , Mercure Saransk Centre ( Accor Hotels ) and Four Points by Sheraton Saransk ( Starwood Hotels ) as well as few other smaller accommodation facilities . In Samara , new tram lines were laid . Khrabrovo Airport in Kaliningrad was upgraded with radio navigation and weather equipment . Renovation and upgrade of radio - engineering tools for flight operation was completed in the airports of Moscow , Saint Petersburg , Volgograd , Samara , Yekaterinburg , Kazan and Sochi . On 27 March , the Ministry of Construction Industry , Housing and Utilities Sector of Russia reported that all communications within its area of responsibility have been commissioned . The last facility commissioned was a waste treatment station in Volgograd . In Yekaterinburg , where four matches are hosted , hosting costs increased to over 7.4 billion rubles , over-running the 5.6 billion rubles originally allocated from the state and regional budget .
Global Positioning System
After Korean Air Lines Flight 007 , a Boeing 747 carrying 269 people , was shot down in 1983 after straying into the USSR 's prohibited airspace , in the vicinity of Sakhalin and Moneron Islands , President Ronald Reagan issued a directive making GPS freely available for civilian use , once it was sufficiently developed , as a common good . The first Block II satellite was launched on February 14 , 1989 , and the 24th satellite was launched in 1994 . The GPS program cost at this point , not including the cost of the user equipment , but including the costs of the satellite launches , has been estimated at about USD 5 billion ( then - year dollars ) .
Social media
Before social media , admissions officials in the United States used SAT and other standardized test scores , extra-curricular activities , letters of recommendation , and high school report cards to determine whether to accept or deny an applicant . In the 2010s , while colleges and universities still use these traditional methods to evaluate applicants , these institutions are increasingly accessing applicants ' social media profiles to learn about their character and activities . According to Kaplan , Inc , a corporation that provides higher education preparation , in 2012 27 % of admissions officers used Google to learn more about an applicant , with 26 % checking Facebook . Students whose social media pages include offensive jokes or photos , racist or homophobic comments , photos depicting the applicant engaging in illegal drug use or drunkenness , and so on , may be screened out from admission processes .
Time
In Book 11 of his Confessions , St. Augustine of Hippo ruminates on the nature of time , asking , `` What then is time ? If no one asks me , I know : if I wish to explain it to one that asketh , I know not . '' He begins to define time by what it is not rather than what it is , an approach similar to that taken in other negative definitions . However , Augustine ends up calling time a `` distention '' of the mind ( Confessions 11.26 ) by which we simultaneously grasp the past in memory , the present by attention , and the future by expectation .
Parliamentary sovereignty
The notion of parliamentary sovereignty began to be challenged with the Parliament Act 1911 which changed the nature of what was meant by parliament , as Dicey regretfully noted in the Introduction to the 8th edition of his Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution ( 1915 ) , but that while the reality was now Cabinet and political party were supreme ( pp lxxii -- lxxiv ) , in law parliament was still sovereign albeit that `` the share of sovereignty '' of the Commons had increased ( p xlii ) .
Iodine-131
Within the USA , the highest I fallout doses occurred during the 1950s and early 1960s to children having consumed fresh sources of milk contaminated as the result of above - ground testing of nuclear weapons . The National Cancer Institute provides additional information on the health effects from exposure to I in fallout , as well as individualized estimates , for those born before 1971 , for each of the 3070 counties in the USA . The calculations are taken from data collected regarding fallout from the nuclear weapons tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site .
Standardized test
Standardized testing has been a part of American education since the 1800s , but the widespread reliance on standardized is largely a 20th - century phenomenon . For instance the College Entrance Examination Board did not begin standardized testing in connection to higher education until 1900 . This test was implemented with the idea of creating standardized admissions for the United States in northeastern elite universities . Originally , the test was also meant for top boarding school in order to standardize curriculum . With origins in World War I the Army Alpha and Beta tests developed by Robert Yerkes and colleagues . Before then , immigration in the mid-19th century contributed to the growth of standardized tests in the United States . Standardized tests were used in immigration when people first came over to test social roles and find social power and status .
History of Germany (1945–90)
The tendency in the 1950s to glorify war by depicting World War II as a fun - filled , grand adventure for the men who served in Hitler 's war machine meant the horrors and hardship of the war were often downplayed . In his 2004 essay `` Celluloid Soldiers '' about post-war German films , the Israeli historian Omer Bartov wrote that German films of the 1950s always showed the average German soldier as a heroic victim : noble , tough , brave , honourable and patriotic , while fighting hard in a senseless war for a regime that he did not care for . Commendations of the victims of the Nazis tended to center around honoring those involved in the July 20 putsch attempt of 1944 , which meant annual ceremonies attended by all the leading politicians at the Bendlerblock and Plötzensee Prison to honor those executed for their involvement in the 20 July putsch . By contrast , almost no ceremonies were held in the 1950s at the ruins of the concentration camps like Bergen - Belsen or Dachau , which were ignored and neglected by the Länder governments in charge of their care . Not until 1966 did the Land of Lower Saxony opened Bergen - Belsen to the public by founding a small `` house of documentation '' , and even then it was in response to criticism that the Lower Saxon government was intentionally neglecting the ruins of Bergen - Belsen . Though it was usually claimed at the time that everybody in the Second World War was a victim , Ludtke commented that the disparity between the millions of Deutsche Marks spent in the 1950s in turning the Benderblock and Plötzensee prison into sites of remembrance honoring those conservatives executed after the 20 July putsch versus the neglect of the former concentration camps suggested that in both official and popular memory that some victims of the Nazis were considered more worthy of remembrance than others . It was against this context where popular memory was focused on glorifying the heroic deeds of the Wehrmacht while treating the genocide by the National Socialist regime as almost a footnote that in the autumn of 1959 that the philosopher Theodor W. Adorno gave a much - publicized speech on TV that called for Vergangenheitsbewältigung ( `` coming to terms with the past '' ) .
Waiting for Godot
`` Beckett said to Peter Woodthorpe that he regretted calling the absent character ' Godot ' , because of all the theories involving God to which this had given rise . `` I also told ( Ralph ) Richardson that if by Godot I had meant God I would ( have ) said God , and not Godot . This seemed to disappoint him greatly . '' That said , Beckett did once concede , `` It would be fatuous of me to pretend that I am not aware of the meanings attached to the word ' Godot ' , and the opinion of many that it means ' God ' . But you must remember -- I wrote the play in French , and if I did have that meaning in my mind , it was somewhere in my unconscious and I was not overtly aware of it . '' ( Note : the French word for ' God ' is ' Dieu ' . ) However , `` Beckett has often stressed the strong unconscious impulses that partly control his writing ; he has even spoken of being ' in a trance ' when he writes . ''
History of photography
Perhaps Mrs. E. Mayer holds the distinction of being the first professional woman photographer in India . She opened a studio in 7 Old Court House Street Corner to provide a rare treat to Indian women : to be photographed without fear or concern .
History of photography
Ultimately , the photographic process came about from a series of refinements and improvements in the first 20 years . In 1884 George Eastman , of Rochester , New York , developed dry gel on paper , or film , to replace the photographic plate so that a photographer no longer needed to carry boxes of plates and toxic chemicals around . In July 1888 Eastman 's Kodak camera went on the market with the slogan `` You press the button , we do the rest '' . Now anyone could take a photograph and leave the complex parts of the process to others , and photography became available for the mass - market in 1901 with the introduction of the Kodak Brownie .
Air pollution in the United States
The education status here does not merely refer to the educational background or the highest degree people have earned , but more importantly , the environmental health education . Generally , the population with less education are more likely to be exposed to the impact of air pollution . For example , in the United States , people with a high school degree had 6.2 % higher estimated exposure to PM 2.5 compared to those with a college degree . In addition to PM 2.5 , people with a high school degree or lower are estimated to have at least 10 % more exposure to Al , Ca , Cl , EC , SI , TI , V , and Zn when compared to people with a college degree . Therefore , environmental health education could be one of the most effective approaches to raise the public awareness of the environmental issues .
Alternative energy
Ice storage air conditioning and thermal storage heaters are methods of shifting consumption to use low cost off - peak electricity . When compared to resistance heating , heat pumps conserve electrical power ( or in rare cases mechanical or thermal power ) by collecting heat from a cool source such as a body of water , the ground or the air .
The Revenant (2015 film)
Principal photography for The Revenant began in October 2014 . A planned two - week break from filming in December was extended to six weeks which forced Tom Hardy to drop out of Suicide Squad . In February 2015 , Iñárritu , who shot the film using natural lighting , stated that production would last `` until the end of April or May '' , as the crew is `` shooting in such remote far - away locations that , by the time we arrive and have to return , we have already spent 40 % of the day '' . Brad Weston , president and CEO of New Regency Pictures , stated that principal photography had been challenging due to the ambitious nature of the film . Ultimately , principal photography wrapped in August 2015 .
Distinctive unit insignia
Lele Makou No Na Puali '' ( We Fly For The Troops ) 52nd Aviation Regiment 82nd Aviation Regiment `` Ground Air Mobility '' 101st Aviation Regiment `` Wings of the Eagle '' 106th Aviation Regiment `` Commitment to Excellence '' 111th Aviation Regiment `` Air Warrior Air Attack '' 126th Aviation Regiment `` Faith Flight Fidelity '' 131st Aviation Regiment `` Where Eagles Dare '' 135th Aviation Regiment `` Poised to Strike '' 137th Aviation Regiment `` Maintaining Freedom '' 140th Aviation Regiment `` Cura Et Perfectio '' ( Accuracy and Perfection ) 147th Aviation Regiment `` Lyncei Agminis '' 150th Aviation Regiment `` Our Guard is Up '' 158th Aviation Regiment `` Challenge '' 159th Aviation Regiment `` Press On '' 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment `` Night Stalkers '' 185th Aviation Regiment `` Fighting for the Force '' 207th Aviation Regiment `` Flying to the Future '' 212th Aviation Regiment `` Wings of Freedom '' 223rd Aviation Regiment 227th Aviation Regiment `` Pouvoir '' ( Power ) 228th Aviation Regiment `` Winged Warriors '' 229th Aviation Regiment `` Winged Assault '' 285th Aviation Regiment `` Desert Hawks ''
Air pollution in the United States
Due to air pollution causing more than one effect it is hard to attribute a condition only to air pollution or to say how much a given source is responsible . However , it is believed that at least 200 000 human deaths are attributable to air pollution and at least a quarter are due to transportation . This compares with the approximate 33 000 from gun deaths or recent average of 35 000 from motor vehicle collisions . Which are both also attributable to human technology application . There are also significant non-human deaths and effects .
2018 Formula One World Championship
Further changes to the technical regulations require the temperature of air in the plenum chamber -- adjacent to the turbocharger -- to be no more than 10 ° C above the ambient air temperature . The rule was introduced in a bid to stop teams from artificially heating or cooling air for possible performance gains . Active control valves , which electronically regulate the flow of fluids between power unit components , will also be banned .
Climate of the Arctic
There are several reasons to expect that climate changes , from whatever cause , may be enhanced in the Arctic , relative to the mid-latitudes and tropics . First , is the ice - albedo feedback , whereby an initial warming causes snow and ice to melt , exposing darker surfaces that absorb more sunlight , leading to more warming . Second , because colder air holds less water vapour than warmer air , in the Arctic , a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming the atmosphere , whereas in the tropics , a greater fraction goes into evaporation . Third , because the Arctic temperature structure inhibits vertical air motions , the depth of the atmospheric layer that has to warm in order to cause warming of near - surface air is much shallower in the Arctic than in the tropics . Fourth , a reduction in sea - ice extent will lead to more energy being transferred from the warm ocean to the atmosphere , enhancing the warming . Finally , changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns caused by a global temperature change may cause more heat to be transferred to the Arctic , enhancing Arctic warming ( ACIA 2004 ) .
Air Jordan
The Air Jordan XI was originally released from 1995 to 1996 . It was retro 'd in 2000 , 2001 , 2003 , and 2006 -- 2017 . The Air Jordan XI is the most popular Air Jordan in the series and has released almost ritualistically every December since 2008 , selling out in minutes . It also is Hatfield 's favorite . With the Air Jordan XI being the most popular Jordan , supply used to be very limited and would cause fans to line up outside of stores before releases .
Upper Deck Company
In addition to the 1,170 Jordan game cards , Upper Deck also included 100 different game - used memorabilia cards , each one crash - numbered to 23 . The cards will sport swatches from Michael 's game - worn jerseys . More than 100 different action photos showing Michael through the years were used for card front photography .
Thermal comfort
In HVAC , air speed is defined as the rate of air movement at a point , without regard to direction . According to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 55 , it is the average speed of the air to which the body is exposed , with respect to location and time . The temporal average is the same as the air temperature , while the spatial average is based on the assumption that the body is exposed to a uniform air speed , according to the SET thermo - physiological model . However , some spaces might provide strongly nonuniform air velocity fields and consequent skin heat losses that can not be considered uniform . Therefore , the designer shall decide the proper averaging , especially including air speeds incident on unclothed body parts , that have greater cooling effect and potential for local discomfort .
Air pollution in the United States
People of lower socioeconomic status are found to be more vulnerable to air pollutant , PM 2.5 , due to their location . PM 2.5 is an air pollutant , arising from the blend of power plants , refineries , and diesel engines , among other sources , and this particle penetrates the lungs . Communities of low socioeconomic statuses are frequently concentrated in areas near highways , busy roads , and refineries . Therefore , limiting one 's exposure to air pollution in an impoverished environment is nearly impossible . Communities of low socioeconomic status face an unequal access to environmental health services and resources . Factors
United States Postal Service
The decision was reversed ; U.S. Postmaster General John Potter indicated that acceptable service to back country customers could not be achieved in any other fashion than continuing an air mail contract with Arnold Aviation to deliver the mail .
Model (person)
Gravure idols appear in a wide range of photography styles and genres . Their photos are largely aimed at male audiences with poses or activities intended to be provocative or suggestive , generally accentuated by an air of playfulness and innocence rather than aggressive sexuality . Although gravure models may sometimes wear clothing that exposes most of their body , they seldom appear fully nude . Gravure models may be as young as pre-teen age up to early thirties . In addition to appearing in mainstream magazines , gravure idols often release their own professional photobooks and DVDs for their fans . Many popular female idols in Japan launched their careers by starting out as gravure idols .
Medjugorje
The Mostar International Airport , located approximately 20 km ( 12 mi ) to the northeast and which was closed in 1991 , reopened for civil aviation in 1998 and has made air travel to region easier since then . The road network was expanded after the Bosnian War . In addition the hamlet of Šurmanci in the lower Neretva valley has a train station on the route from Ploče to Sarajevo .
Air Jordan
The Air Jordan III was designed by Tinker Hatfield who works for Nike as a designer for stores and offices . By that time Michael Jordan was ready to leave Nike , but the Jordan III changed his mind . It was the first Air Jordan to feature a visible air unit on the heel , the new Jumpman logo , an elephant print trim and tumble leather to give it a luxury look . The Air Jordan III was also famous for the humorous ads depicting film director Spike Lee as Mars Blackmon , the character he played in his film She 's Gotta Have It . This campaign was known as the `` Mars and Mike '' ad campaign , which was one of Nike 's most successful advertisement campaigns . These were the first Jordan 's to feature the `` NIKE AIR '' logo on the back , but later replaced by the Jumpman logo , with the words `` AIR '' underneath it , similar to the Air Jordan VI . These were said to be Michael Jordan 's favorite shoes , he wore them during the 1988 NBA Slam Dunk Contest and many other events in his basketball career . The Air Jordan III 's had poor sales when first reintroduced in 1994 . On their second reintroduction in 2001 , they sold well . The `` Fire Red '' Air Jordan III was released in March 2007 , and late again in 2013 .