vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Refinancing
This can be an excellent choice in a declining market or if you are not sure you will hold the loan long enough to recoup the closing cost before you refinance or pay it off . For example , you plan on selling your home in three years , but it will take five years to recoup the closing cost . This could prevent you from considering a refinance , however if you take the zero closing cost option , you can lower your interest rate without taking any risk of losing money .
Happy Birthday to You
It is likely that teachers and students spontaneously adapted the published version of `` Good Morning to All '' to celebrate birthdays in the classroom , changing the lyrics to `` Happy Birthday '' in the process . The complete text of `` Happy Birthday to You '' first appeared in print as the final four lines of Edith Goodyear Alger 's poem `` Roy 's Birthday '' , published in her book A Primer of Work and Play , copyrighted by D.C. Heath in 1901 , with no reference to the words being sung . The first book including `` Happy Birthday '' lyrics set to the tune of `` Good Morning to All '' that bears a date of publication is from 1911 in The Elementary Worker and His Work , but earlier references exist to a song called `` Happy Birthday to You '' including an article from 1901 in the Inland Educator and Indiana School Journal . Children 's Praise and Worship , edited by Andrew Byers , Bessie L. Byrum and Anna E. Koglin , published the song in 1918 . In 1924 , Robert Coleman included `` Good Morning to All '' in a songbook with the birthday lyrics as a second verse . Coleman also published `` Happy Birthday '' in The American Hymnal in 1933 .
Seven Days Battles
The night of June 27 , McClellan ordered his entire army to withdraw to a secure base at Harrison 's Landing on the James River . His actions have puzzled military historians ever since . The Union army was in a good position , having withstood strong Confederate attacks while only deploying one of its five corps in battle . Porter had performed well against heavy odds . Furthermore , McClellan was aware that the War Department had created a new Army of Virginia and ordered it to be sent to the Peninsula to reinforce him . But Lee had unnerved him , and he surrendered the initiative . He sent a telegram to the Secretary of War that included the statement : `` If I save this Army now I tell you plainly that I owe no thanks to you or any other persons in Washington -- you have done your best to sacrifice this Army . '' ( The military telegraph department chose to omit this sentence from the copy given to the Secretary . )
Voting rights in the United States
In the 21st century , homeless persons in all states have the right to register and vote if they satisfy other conditions . In most states , when registering to vote , homeless voters may designate any place of residence , including a street corner , a park , a shelter , or any other location where an individual stays at night . A citizen may only have one residency during registration , but they may switch their registration each time they change locations . Designating residency is needed to prove that the citizen lives within the district where he or she wishes to vote . Some states also require a mailing address in order to send out the voter ID card , which the individual must show on Election Day . Some states allow individuals to use PO Boxes as mailing addresses ; other states allow the address to be that of a local shelter , advocacy organization , outreach center , or anywhere else that accepts mail on behalf of a person registering to vote . States such as Arizona and Nebraska allow homeless citizens to use county court houses or county clerks ' offices as mailing address .
Standing (law)
Taxpayer standing is the concept that any person who pays taxes should have standing to file a lawsuit against the taxing body if that body allocates funds in a way that the taxpayer feels is improper . The United States Supreme Court has held that taxpayer standing is not by itself a sufficient basis for standing against the United States government , unless the narrower Flast test is met . The Court has consistently found that the conduct of the federal government is too far removed from individual taxpayer returns for any injury to the taxpayer to be traced to the use of tax revenues , e.g. , United States v. Richardson .
YouTube Play Button
The Silver Play Button , for channels that surpass 100,000 subscribers . Old version made of nickel plated copper - nickel alloy . The Gold Play Button , for channels that surpass 1,000,000 subscribers . Made of golden plated brass . The Diamond Play Button , for channels that surpass 10,000,000 subscribers . Made of silver plated metal inset with a large piece of crystal in the shape of a play button triangle . In December 2016 , YouTuber PewDiePie received a ruby trophy , known as the Ruby Play Button , as a gift for reaching 50,000,000 subscribers . It was made in the shape of his channel 's logo , a hand in the process of giving a fist bump . It came with several mini-awards to give out to subscribers that was with him the longest and are still active . It is not referenced in the Creators Award page and it is unknown if such a trophy will be given out to any other YouTuber who surpasses the milestone in the future .
Battle of Fort Sumter
The South sent delegations to Washington , D.C. , and offered to pay for the Federal properties and enter into a peace treaty with the United States . Lincoln rejected any negotiations with the Confederate agents because he did not consider the Confederacy a legitimate nation and making any treaty with it would be tantamount to recognition of it as a sovereign government . However , Secretary of State William H. Seward , who wished to give up Sumter for political reasons -- as a gesture of good will -- engaged in unauthorized and indirect negotiations that failed .
Gun laws in Wisconsin
In 2011 a subsection was added to the Disorderly Conduct statute ( 947.01 ) reading `` Unless other facts and circumstances that indicate a criminal or malicious intent on the part of the person apply , a person is not in violation of , and may not be charged with a violation of , this section for loading , carrying , or going armed with a firearm , without regard to whether the firearm is loaded or is concealed or openly carried . '' This codified open carry , ending any debate as to its legality .
History of women in the United States
There were a few important legal gains for women in the mid-1970s . The Equal Credit Opportunity Act , enacted in 1974 , illegalizes credit discrimination on the basis of race , color , religion , national origin , sex , marital status , age , or because someone receives public assistance . Due to this Act , creditors may ask you for most of this information in certain situations , but they may not use it when deciding whether to give you credit or when setting the terms of your credit . In the 1975 Supreme Court case Taylor v Louisiana , the Supreme Court ruled that excluding women from the jury pool is illegal because it violates a person 's right to a fair trial by a representative segment of the community . In 1978 , the Pregnancy Discrimination Act was passed , making employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy , childbirth , or related medical conditions illegal .
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
Any person who is granted membership of the Institute becomes an Associate Chartered Accountant and is entitled to use the letters A.C.A. after his name . Generally , associates are members of the Institute with less than 5 years of membership after which they become entitled to apply for being a fellow member . Some associate members , particularly those not in practice , often voluntarily chose not to apply to be a fellow due to a variety of reasons .
PageRank
The PageRank algorithm outputs a probability distribution used to represent the likelihood that a person randomly clicking on links will arrive at any particular page . PageRank can be calculated for collections of documents of any size . It is assumed in several research papers that the distribution is evenly divided among all documents in the collection at the beginning of the computational process . The PageRank computations require several passes , called `` iterations '' , through the collection to adjust approximate PageRank values to more closely reflect the theoretical true value .
Poverty in the United Kingdom
From 1997 / 98 to 2004 / 05 ( using the same 60 % of median income after housing costs measurement ) , the percentage of the population living in poverty fell from 24.4 % to 20.5 % . A 2000 report by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation estimated that 4 million people lacked access to a healthy diet , while a review of EU food and health policies estimated that food poverty was far higher in the UK than any other EU member state .
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
( T ) he state law under consideration in the Slaughter - House cases was only challenged as one which authorized a monopoly , and the brief for the challenger properly conceded that there was `` no direct constitutional provision against a monopoly . '' The argument did not invoke any specific provision of the Bill of Rights , but urged that the state monopoly statute violated `` the natural right of a person '' to do business and engage in his trade or vocation .
GEICO advertising campaigns
If You 're a Parrot , You Repeat Things -- A parrot on a pirate 's shoulder repeats everything the pirate said privately to everyone , causing the crew to mutiny against him . The parrot even repeats the voiceover 's GEICO slogan `` It 's What You Do '' . If You Want Someone to Leave You Alone , You Pretend Like You 're Sleeping -- Prince Charming attempts to awaken Sleeping Beauty from her slumber , but fails . After he leaves , Sleeping Beauty reveals she was faking just so she could catch up on her reality television . If You Taste Something Bad , You Want Someone Else to Try It -- Some talking raccoons are rummaging through the garbage , and one of them comes upon something foul and wants the others to taste it as well . This commercial appeared in the 2017 film The Dark Tower . If You Walk the Walk , You Talk the Talk -- A western sheriff confronts the villains and tells them to vamoose , and speaks his every move every time he walks . If You 're a Stuntman , You Cheat Death -- A stunt man and the Grim Reaper compete in a 10K , but neither play fair . If You 're Boyz II Men , You 'd Make Anything Sound Good -- At a pharmacy , the Grammy - winning R&B group sing the possible side effects of a drug . If You 're a Ref , You Way Over-explain Things -- A referee yells his order to a waiter at a restaurant .
Flag of the United States
When the flag is affixed to the right side of a vehicle of any kind ( e.g. : cars , boats , planes , any physical object that moves ) , it should be oriented so that the canton is towards the front of the vehicle , as if the flag were streaming backwards from its hoist as the vehicle moves forward . Therefore , U.S. flag decals on the right sides of vehicles may appear to be reversed , with the union to the observer 's right instead of left as more commonly seen .
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII allows for any employer , labor organization , joint labor - management committee , or employment agency to bypass the `` unlawful employment practice '' for any person involved with the Communist Party of the United States or of any other organization required to register as a Communist - action or Communist - front organization by final order of the Subversive Activities Control Board pursuant to the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950 .
Stamp Act 1765
The House of Commons heard testimony between 11 and 13 February , the most important witness being Benjamin Franklin on the last day of the hearings . He responded to the question about how the colonists would react if the Act was not repealed : `` A total loss of the respect and affection the people of America bear to this country , and of all the commerce that depends on that respect and affection . '' A Scottish journalist observed Franklin 's answers to Parliament and his affect on the repeal ; he later wrote to Franklin , `` To this very Examination , more than to any thing else , you are indebted to the speedy and total Repeal of this odious Law . ''
Neuroanatomy of memory
There is evidence that the hippocampus contains cognitive maps in humans . In one study , single - cell recordings were taken from electrodes implanted in a rat 's hippocampus , and it was found that certain neurons responded strongly only when the rat was in certain locations . These cells are called place cells , and collections of these cells can be considered to be mental maps . Individual place cells do not only respond to one unique area only however , the patterns of activation of these cells overlap to form layered mental maps within the hippocampus . A good analogy is the example of the same television or computer screen pixels being used to light up any trillions of possible combinations to produce images , just as the place cells can be used in any multiple possible combinations to represent mental maps . The hippocampus ' right side is more oriented towards responding to spatial aspects , whereas the left side is associated with other context information . Also , there is evidence that experience in building extensive mental maps , such as driving a city taxi for a long time ( since this requires considerable memorization of routes ) , can increase the volume of one 's hippocampus . Encoding
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson made a plea for postwar world peace in May 1916 ; his speech recited the right of every nation to its sovereignty , territorial integrity and freedom from aggression . `` So sincerely do we believe these things '' , Wilson said , `` that I am sure that I speak the mind and wish of the people of America when I say that the United States is willing to become a partner in any feasible association of nations formed in order to realize these objectives '' . At home the speech was seen as a turning point in policy . In Europe the words were received by the British and the French without comment . His harshest European critics rightly thought the speech reflected indifference on Wilson 's part ; indeed , Wilson never wavered from a belief that the war was the result of corrupt European power politics .
Age of Enlightenment
Enlightenment scholars sought to curtail the political power of organized religion and thereby prevent another age of intolerant religious war . Spinoza determined to remove politics from contemporary and historical theology ( e.g. , disregarding Judaic law ) . Moses Mendelssohn advised affording no political weight to any organized religion , but instead recommended that each person follow what they found most convincing . A good religion based in instinctive morals and a belief in God should not theoretically need force to maintain order in its believers and both Mendelssohn and Spinoza judged religion on its moral fruits , not the logic of its theology .
Gun laws in Montana
Montana has some of the most permissive gun laws in the United States . It is a `` shall issue '' state for concealed carry . The county sheriff shall issue a concealed weapons permit to a qualified applicant within 60 days . Concealed carry is not allowed in government buildings , financial institutions , or any place where alcoholic beverages are served . Carrying a concealed weapon while intoxicated is prohibited . No weapons , concealed or otherwise , are allowed in school buildings . Montana recognizes concealed carry permits issued by most but not all other states . Concealed carry without a permit is generally allowed outside city , town , or logging camp limits . Under Montana law a permit is necessary only when the weapon is `` wholly or partially covered by the clothing or wearing apparel `` , therefore it is legal to carry and / or keep a firearm inside a vehicle without a permit ( as long as it is not concealed on the person ) . If you do not have a CWP it could be considered a violation of the law for you to conceal a gun in a purse or backpack , since the law defines a concealed weapon as one that is `` wholly or partially covered by the clothing or wearing apparel of the person carrying or bearing the weapon . As of 2017 , the concealed weapons law applies only to firearms , excluding items such as knives , slingshots , billies , etc. from the permit requirement .
Gun laws in the District of Columbia
In addition to each firearm being registered with the police , the rules require that D.C. residents undergo an NCIC background check and submit to fingerprinting . The firearms registry photographs the applicant . Residents must take an online gun safety course . Residents must also declare at what address it will be kept . Each firearm is registered to an individual only , meaning couples who wish to own firearms must purchase two separate firearms . Handgun registrants must be at least 21 years old . Long gun registration is allowed for persons 18 -- 21 years of age with a NCIC qualified adult co-registering . Handgun models are limited to any handgun appearing on any one of the California , Massachusetts , Maryland or DC Police `` approved rosters '' by make / model . Long guns are controlled by an allowed / not - allowed attributes list . Non residents , with a place of business in DC may register a firearm to be maintained at that place of business .
New Deal
Should any party attempt to abolish social security and eliminate labor laws and farm programs , you would not hear of that party again in our political history . There is a tiny splinter group of course , that believes you can do these things ( ... ) Their number is negligible and they are stupid .
List of Super Bowl commercials
Product Type Product / Title Plot / Notes Beer Budweiser `` Audition '' All kinds of animals come to the Budweiser Clydesdale farm to become a Clydesdale . A driver looks at the donkey from last year 's Budweiser commercial and says , `` Now look what you 've started . '' Beer Budweiser `` Welcome Home '' Pedestrians are in an airport , minding their own business . People start clapping . Then , everyone is clapping , as it is revealed they are clapping for soldiers coming home from war . At the end , a title card says , `` Thank you . '' Director : Joe Pytka . Beer Heineken `` Beer Run '' Brad Pitt buys a six - pack of Heineken at a corner shop . Soon , he is being chased by a mob of paparazzi . It ends with an anonymous phone call . Director : David Fincher Car Ford `` Gang '' A tough biker gang is going to the bar , only to be scared off by Fords . Film Batman Begins TV promo . Film Be Cool TV promo . Film Constantine TV promo . Film Hitch TV promo . Film Robots TV promo . Film Sahara TV promo . Film The Pacifier TV promo . Film War of the Worlds TV promo . Soft drink Diet Pepsi `` The Diet Pepsi Truck '' P. Diddy is late for an awards show , so he hitches a ride on a Diet Pepsi truck . After the arrival , everyone starts driving Diet Pepsi trucks , being the next big thing .
Big Apple
I trust your trip to ' the big apple ' ( New York ) was a huge success and only wish that I had been able to make it with you .
Tax protester statutory arguments
Any person who willfully attempts in any manner to evade or defeat any tax imposed by this title or the payment thereof shall , in addition to other penalties provided by law , be guilty of a felony and , upon conviction thereof , shall be fined not more than $100,000 ( $500,000 in the case of a corporation ) , or imprisoned not more than 5 years , or both , together with the costs of prosecution .
Alcohol laws of Australia
Before 1970 , the drinking age in Western Australia was 21 . Today , it is illegal for any person under the age of 18 years to purchase , supply , or drink alcohol on licensed or regulated premises , even if they are with their parents or guardian . The maximum penalty for a minor to consume alcohol on licensed premises is a A $2,000 fine . The law does allow a minor to consume alcohol for religious purposes for example Holy Communion . It is an offence in Western Australia for persons of any age to drink in public , such as on the street , park , or beach without first having obtained a permit from the appropriate local government authority . Such permits are at the discretion of the local council - some public events have a total ban on alcohol consumption and no permits will be issued .
Wreck of the RMS Titanic
RMS Titanic Inc. has also attempted to secure exclusive physical access to the wreck site . In 1996 , it obtained a court order finding that it had `` the exclusive right to take any and all types of photographic images of the Titanic wreck and wreck site . '' It obtained another order in 1998 against Deep Ocean Expeditions and Chris Haver , a British Virgin Islands corporation that aimed to run tourist trips to Titanic at a cost of $32,000 per person ( it now charges $60,000 ) . This was overturned in March 1999 by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit , which ruled that the law of salvage did not extend to obtaining exclusive rights to view , visit and photograph a wreck . The court pointed out that Titanic is `` located in a public place '' in international waters , rather than in a private or controllable location to which access could be restricted by the owner . Granting such a right would also create a perverse incentive ; since the aim of salvage is to carry out a salvage operation , leaving property in place so that it could be photographed would run counter to this objective .
Global Positioning System
As of February 2016 , there are 32 satellites in the GPS constellation , 31 of which are in use . The additional satellites improve the precision of GPS receiver calculations by providing redundant measurements . With the increased number of satellites , the constellation was changed to a nonuniform arrangement . Such an arrangement was shown to improve reliability and availability of the system , relative to a uniform system , when multiple satellites fail . About nine satellites are visible from any point on the ground at any one time ( see animation at right ) , ensuring considerable redundancy over the minimum four satellites needed for a position .
United States Bill of Rights
No person shall be held to answer for a capital , or otherwise infamous crime , unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury , except in cases arising in the land or naval forces , or in the Militia , when in actual service in time of War or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself , nor be deprived of life , liberty , or property , without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use , without just compensation .