vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)
A faint beeping is heard from across the café and the recipient is revealed to be Addison Derringer , a local Rosewood High student whom Emily has disciplinary issues with . She instantly suspects Addison of being in cahoots with Jenna . Later on the episode , Mona and Hanna are having a business meeting at The Radley 's bar when Jenna suddenly walks in to meet her newest associates . Marshall is wearing an exact replica of the dress Hanna designed for Katherine Daly , but in white instead of black . Mona and Hanna storm up and confront Jenna , who gleefully divulges it was a gift but refuses to acknowledge the identity of its purchaser . Hanna , alongside Caleb , decide to stalk Marshall and her group of friends to the building where Hanna 's cobbler works . The couple suspect Jenna is planning to steal the shoes that the senator 's daughter was supposed to wear to counterpart the dress . Once Marshall 's clique heads inside the building , Caleb engages in a face - off with Jenna in order to buy Hanna sufficient time to sneak into the cobbler 's office to regain her shoes . After Marshall is cornered by Caleb , she explains to him that she 's on her way to rehearse for a concert since there 's a studio on the top floor . Caleb points out that her friends did n't bring any musical instruments and as Jenna suggests him to back off , he replies with the same statement before pointing out that Marshall could n't have worn a specific dress without a helping hand . Jenna attempts to flee but Caleb takes a hold of her cane to warn Marshall that the cops were beginning to find inconsistencies in her allegations . Jenna assures Caleb they wo n't be able to prosecute her since Noel was the only person who could contradict her statement .
History of women in the United States
The `` Cult of Domesticity '' was a new ideal of womanhood that emerged at this time . This ideal rose from the reality that a 19th - century middle - class family did not have to make what it needed in order to survive , as previous families had to , and therefore men could now work in jobs that produced goods or services while their wives and children stayed at home . The ideal woman became one who stayed at home and taught children how to be proper citizens . American Cookery written in 1796 by Amelia Simmons , was the first published cookbook written by an American . It was popular and was published in many editions ...
Computer mouse
These mice are specifically designed for use in computer games . They typically employ a wide array of controls and buttons and have designs that differ radically from traditional mice . It is also common for gaming mice , especially those designed for use in real - time strategy games such as StarCraft , or in multiplayer online battle arena games such as Dota 2 to have a relatively high sensitivity , measured in dots per inch ( DPI ) . Some advanced mice from gaming manufacturers also allow users to customize the weight of the mouse by adding or subtracting weights to allow for easier control . Ergonomic quality is also an important factor in gaming mice , as extended gameplay times may render further use of the mouse to be uncomfortable . Some mice have been designed to have adjustable features such as removable and / or elongated palm rests , horizontally adjustable thumb rests and pinky rests . Some mice may include several different rests with their products to ensure comfort for a wider range of target consumers . Gaming mice are held by gamers in three styles of grip :
HMHS Britannic
In 1907 , J. Bruce Ismay , director general of the White Star Line , and Lord Pirrie , chairman of the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast , decided to build a trio of ocean liners of unmatched size to compete with the Cunard Line 's Lusitania and Mauretania not in terms of speed but in terms of luxury and safety . The names of the three vessels were decided at a later date and they showed the intention of the designer regarding their size : Olympic , Titanic and Gigantic . The plan to build these three ships was realised by naval architects Thomas Andrews and Alexander Carlisle . Construction of the Olympic and the Titanic began in 1908 and 1909 respectively . Their sizes were so large that it was necessary to build a special portico and the largest scaffolding in the world at the time in order to shelter them . Only two ships could be built at a time . The three ships were designed to be 270 metres long and to have a gross tonnage of 48,000 . Their designed speed was approximately 22 knots , well below that of the Lusitania and Mauretania , but still allowing for a transatlantic crossing of less than one week .
Magnetosphere of Jupiter
The Juno New Frontiers mission to Jupiter was launched in 2011 and arrived at Jupiter in 2016 . It includes a suite of instruments designed to better understand the magnetosphere , including a Magnetometer on Juno instrument as well as other devices such as a detector for Plasma and Radio fields called Waves .
Hurricane Irma
Irma developed from a tropical wave near Cape Verde on August 30 . Favorable conditions allowed Irma to rapidly intensify into a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir -- Simpson wind scale by late on August 31 . However , the storm 's intensity fluctuated between Categories 2 and 3 for the next several days , due to a series of eyewall replacement cycles . On September 4 , Irma resumed intensifying , becoming a Category 5 hurricane by early on the next day , and acquiring annular characteristics . On September 6 , Irma peaked with 180 mph ( 285 km / h ) winds and a minimum pressure of 914 hPa ( 27.0 inHg ) , making it the second most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017 , behind only Hurricane Maria , and the strongest worldwide in 2017 , in terms of wind speed . Another eyewall replacement cycle caused Irma to weaken back to a Category 4 hurricane , but the storm re-attained Category 5 status before making landfall in Cuba . Although land interaction weakened Irma to a Category 2 storm , the system re-intensified to Category 4 status as it crossed the warm waters of the Straits of Florida , before making landfall on Cudjoe Key with winds at 130 mph , ( 215 km / h ) on September 10 . Irma weakened to Category 3 status , prior to another landfall in Florida on Marco Island later that day . The system degraded into a remnant low over Alabama and ultimately dissipated on September 13 over Missouri .
Electromagnet
A portative electromagnet is one designed to just hold material in place ; an example is a lifting magnet . A tractive electromagnet applies a force and moves something .
Causes of the Great Depression
Factors that majorly contributed to the failing of the economy since 1925 , was a decrease in both residential and non-residential buildings being constructed . It was the debt as a result of the war , less families being formed , and an imbalance of mortgage payments and loans in 1928 -- 29 that mainly contributed to the decline in the number of houses being built . This ( What ? ) caused the population growth rate to decelerate ( How ? ) . Though non-residential units continued to be built `` at a high rate throughout the decade '' , the demand for such units was actually very low
Referendums in the United Kingdom
The Localism Act 2011 allows parish councils or local community groups to create neighbourhood development plans . The plans are intended to guide planning decisions within the neighbourhood area , by outlining the amount and type of development that should occur in the area , what land may be built upon and how existing buildings may be reused . For a plan to come into force , it must be approved by the electorate in the local area in a referendum . Neighbourhood planning referendums have a high success rate , with all being approved as of December 2015 . Mayoral
French Revolution
Historians since the late 20th century have debated how women shared in the French Revolution and what long - term impact it had on French women . Women had no political rights in pre-Revolutionary France ; they were considered `` passive '' citizens ; forced to rely on men to determine what was best for them . That changed dramatically in theory as there seemingly were great advances in feminism . Feminism emerged in Paris as part of a broad demand for social and political reform . The women demanded equality for men and then moved on to a demand for the end of male domination . Their chief vehicle for agitation were pamphlets and women 's clubs , but the clubs were abolished in October 1793 and their leaders were arrested . The movement was crushed . Devance explains the decision in terms of the emphasis on masculinity in a wartime situation , Marie Antoinette 's bad reputation for feminine interference in state affairs , and traditional male supremacy . A decade later the Napoleonic Code confirmed and perpetuated women 's second - class status .
History of McDonald's
With the new `` Forever Young '' design ( adopted in 2006 ) , the first major redesign since 1969 , McDonald 's turned a new page for itself . New and remodeled restaurants feature dining zones with `` distinct personalities '' . Most of them offer three sections or zones . A linger zone was designed to accommodate people who were inclined to dawdle and socialize while sitting comfortably on armchairs or sofas using free wifi access . Another zone offers counters and stools for patrons in a hurry who might just grab and go . The third and perhaps most important zone is the one for families or groups where seating arrangements can be reconfigured to meet a variety of needs . Harsh colors and hard plastics have been replaced with custom earth tones and flexible , padded , fabric - covered booth - seating , all in hopes of engaging diners to loiter and perhaps spend more money . In addition to architecture and furnishings , the McDonald 's menu has been tweaked to offer a larger variety of what the corporation refers to as more healthy food .
History of childhood
In mid 20th century America , there was intense interest in using institutions to support the innate creativity of children . It helped reshape children 's play , the design of suburban homes , schools , parks , and museums . Producers of children 's television programming worked to spark creativity . Educational toys designed to teach skills or develop abilities proliferated . For schools there was a new emphasis on arts as well as science in the curriculum . The emphasis was reversed in the 1980s , as public policy emphasized test scores , school principles downplayed anything that was not being scored on standardized tests . After 2000 some children became mesmerized by their cell phones , often checking their text messages or Facebook page . Checking Facebook and responding to text messages is a form of participatory culture . Participatory culture is engaging with media and developing ones voice and identity . By doing so , children are able to develop their voices and identities in a space separate from adults ( Henry Jenkins ) . According to the UNCRC , children have the right to participate online with matters concerning them . They also have the right to give their opinions about certain matters , and these opinions should be heard by adults . Engaging in the digital environments gives children the access to worldwide issues , and also gives them the ability to decide what parts of their lives they want to keep private , and what parts they want to make public .
Hurricane Harvey
A reconnaissance aircraft investigating the remnants of Harvey around 15 : 00 UTC on August 23 indicated that it once again acquired a well - defined center , and the NHC upgraded it to a tropical depression accordingly . The system began to slowly consolidate amid an increasingly favorable environment , attaining tropical storm intensity by 06 : 00 UTC on August 24 . Later that morning , Harvey began to undergo rapid intensification as an eye developed and its central pressure quickly fell . By 17 : 00 UTC , the storm was upgraded to the third hurricane of the season . Slight entrainment of dry air slowed the intensification process , however , by the next day , Harvey was able to quickly strengthen into a Category 3 major hurricane by 19 : 00 UTC . Further deepening occurred as the storm approached the coast of Texas , with Harvey becoming a Category 4 hurricane at 23 : 00 UTC , based on reconnaissance aircraft data . Around 03 : 00 UTC on August 26 , the hurricane made landfall at peak intensity at Rockport with winds of 135 mph ( 215 km / h ) and an atmospheric pressure of 938 mbar ( 27.7 inHg ) . Harvey became the first major hurricane to make landfall in the United States since Wilma in 2005 and the strongest in terms of wind speed to hit the country since Charley in 2004 . It was the first hurricane to strike Texas since Hurricane Ike in 2008 , the first major hurricane in the state since Bret in 1999 , and the strongest in Texas since Carla in 1961 . Harvey
U.S. Marshals (film)
Barbara Shulgasser , writing in The San Francisco Examiner , commented in positive sentiment about the acting , saying , `` The film 's pacing is unimpeachable and good performances are delivered by Jones , Snipes , Irene Jacob as Sheridan 's loyal girlfriend and , for brief moments , Kate Nelligan as Gerard 's tough but lovable boss . '' Left impressed , Desson Howe in The Washington Post noted how `` Every story beat is expertly planned and executed . '' Howe also praised director Baird , exclaiming how he `` runs the show with a smart eye and a metronome ticking somewhere in his mind . '' In a mixed to negative review , Russell Smith of The Austin Chronicle bluntly deduced that , `` Unlike Kimble , whose innocence and decency are known from the beginning in The Fugitive , Sheridan is a total cipher to both Gerard and the audience until deep into this two - hours - plus film . Ergo , we ca n't be expected to give a rat 's ass what happens to him -- and do n't . '' Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly opined that U.S. Marshals was `` Lean , tense , and satisfyingly tricky . ''
Lobbying in the United States
Lobby groups and their members sometimes also write legislation and whip bills , and in these instances , it is helpful to have lawyers skilled in writing legislation to assist with these efforts . It is often necessary to research relevant laws and issues beforehand . In many instances lobbyists write the actual text of the proposed law , and hire lawyers to `` get the language down pat '' -- an omission in wording or an unclear phrase may open up a loophole for opponents to wrangle over for years . And lobbyists can often advise a lawmaker on how to navigate the approval process .
Citizenship
How citizenship is understood depends on the person making the determination . The relation of citizenship has never been fixed or static , but constantly changes within each society . While citizenship has varied considerably throughout history , and within societies over time , there are some common elements but they vary considerably as well . As a bond , citizenship extends beyond basic kinship ties to unite people of different genetic backgrounds . It usually signifies membership in a political body . It is often based on , or was a result of , some form of military service or expectation of future service . It usually involves some form of political participation , but this can vary from token acts to active service in government .
Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Florida
In Boynton Beach , several schools received damage , mainly limited to downed trees , fences , and signs , as well as missing roof tiles and broken windows , though a few schools were damaged more severely . Fallen utility poles blocked the entrance to a gated community and one fell onto Interstate 95 . A number of businesses and residences were effected , with 896 homes damaged and 56 destroyed . The roof of a Sam 's Club crumpled and landed at Interstate 95 and Hypoluxo Road . Three deaths occurred in Boynton Beach , one from a falling sliding glass door , another due to a collision at an intersection with the traffic lights out of service , and the third from a boy touching a downed power line . A total of 58 homes were damaged in Gulf Stream . The storm left approximately $1.5 million in damage in Gulf Stream , with $1 million to private property and business and $500,000 to the town 's infrastructure . In Highland Beach , between 50 and 55 residential units had broken windows , while at least 40 suffered roof damage . A total of 372 dwellings were impacted by the storm . Damage was minor , reaching only $35,000 , while clean - up and repair costs was estimated at $142,475 . Snapped
The Perfect Storm (film)
The Perfect Storm was a huge box office success . On its opening weekend , the film debuted with $42 million ahead of Sony 's The Patriot and eventually brought in over $182.6 million in the United States , and $146.1 million around the world to a total of $328.7 million worldwide .
History of advertising
Lasker had an inquiring mind about what advertising was and how it worked . Lasker believed that advertising consisted of news and information was news , He changed his mind when a colleague Johnny Kennedy told him , `` News is a technique of presentation , but advertising is a very simple thing . I can give it to you in three words , it is ' salesmanship in print ' '' . Lasker and Kennedy used this concept with the 1900 Washer Co. ( later Whirlpool ) . Their campaign was so successful that , within four months of running the first ad , they attracted additional clients and their `` advertising spend '' went from $15,000 a year to $30,000 a month . Within six months , their firm was one of the three or four largest advertisers in the nation .
Hurricane Irma
In St. Johns County , storm surge left extensive damage to oceanfront properties in Ponte Vedra Beach and Vilano Beach , with several becoming uninhabitable . Additionally , some riverfront businesses in St. Augustine 's historic district were flooded due to storm surge from the Matanzas River . In nearby Clay County , rainfall and storm surge combined to cause extensive flooding along portions of the Black Creek and the St. Johns River , with record high crests at several locations along the former . About 350 people and 75 animals were rescued from floodwaters throughout the county . A total of 275 homes were destroyed , 175 were inflicted major damage , and 124 received minor damage . Other
How to Train Your Dragon 2
A video game based on the film , titled How to Train Your Dragon 2 , was released in June 2014 by Little Orbit . Developed by Torus Games , the game is available for Xbox 360 , Nintendo 3DS , Wii , Wii U , and PlayStation 3 . It allows players to choose various riders and dragons , and enter a dragon flight school , participating in trainings , challenges , and tournaments .
South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut
The team working on the film commuted between the project and the series , pushing both to scheduling extremes ( changes to Bigger , Longer & Uncut were made as late as two weeks before its release ) and fighting constantly with Paramount . `` They wanted a Disney kind of trailer . We said no . They put together a totally un-South Park MTV video for the song ' What Would Brian Boitano Do ? ' . We had to go make our own version . '' Paramount 's first trailer for the film advertised it , according to Parker , as `` the laughiest movie of the summer '' , and promoted it in a way that South Park `` was completely against '' . Parker and Stone told the studio of their dissatisfaction with the trailer , and upon the creation of a second trailer with minimal changes , the two broke the videocassette in half and sent it back in its original envelope . `` It was war , '' said Stone in 2000 . `` They were saying , ' Are you telling us how to do our job ? ' And I was going , ' Yes , because you 're fucking stupid and you do n't know what you 're doing . ' '' In another instance , Paramount took the songs from the film and created a music video to be aired on MTV . In accordance with broadcast standards , the studio cut various `` R - rated '' parts out and edited it into what Parker described as a `` horrible little medley with all humor absent '' . The studio sent the original tape to Parker and Stone over a weekend , with plans to send it to MTV on Monday to prepare it for airtime beginning Wednesday . Stone instead put the tape in the trunk of his car and went home . Paramount threatened to sue Parker and Stone in response . Parker also noted that the title was an obvious innuendo , and `` they ( the MPAA ) just did n't get it '' .
Tabula rasa
Perception , again , is an impression produced on the mind , its name being appropriately borrowed from impressions on wax made by a seal ; and perception they divide into , comprehensible and incomprehensible : Comprehensible , which they call the criterion of facts , and which is produced by a real object , and is , therefore , at the same time conformable to that object ; Incomprehensible , which has no relation to any real object , or else , if it has any such relation , does not correspond to it , being but a vague and indistinct representation .
Normative
Much modern moral / ethical philosophy takes as its starting point the apparent variance between peoples and cultures regarding the ways they define what is considered to be appropriate / desirable / praiseworthy / valuable / good etc . ( In other words , variance in how individuals , groups and societies define what is in accordance with their normative standards . ) This has led philosophers such as A.J. Ayer and J.L. Mackie ( for different reasons and in different ways ) to cast doubt on the meaningfulness of normative statements . However , other philosophers , such as Christine Korsgaard , have argued for a source of normative value which is independent of individuals ' subjective morality and which consequently attains ( a lesser or greater degree of ) objectivity .
First Nations
The Canadian federal government is responsible for health and social services on the reserve and in Inuit communities , while the provincial and territorial governments provide services elsewhere . The divide between each level of government has led to a gap in services for Aboriginal people living off - reserve and in Canadian towns and cities . Although Aboriginal people living off - reserve have access to the programs and services designed for the general population , these programs and services do not address the specific needs of Aboriginal people , nor is it delivered in a culturally appropriate way . It has not been until recently that the Canadian federal government had to increase recognition to the needs for programs and services for Aboriginal people in predominantly non-Aboriginal communities . It is however funding that lags the growth of urban Aboriginal populations and the uncoordinated delivery of services through various government departments would also pose as a barrier . The federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians pointed out that in 2003 almost 90 percent of the funding for programs designed for Aboriginal peoples is spent on reserves , while off - reserve programs for Aboriginal people are delivered through just 22 federal departments , as well as other provincial and territorial agencies . The federal subcommittee on Indigenous child welfare described a `` jurisdictional web '' in which there is little to no coordination with or between municipal , provincial and federal levels of government .