vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Presidency of Abraham Lincoln
In January 1862 , Lincoln , frustrated by months of inaction , ordered McClellan to begin the offensive by the end of February . When McClellan still failed to launch his attack , members of Congress urged Lincoln to replace McClellan with McDowell or Frémont , but Lincoln decided to retain McClellan as commander of Army of the Potomac over either potential replacement . He did , however , remove McClellan as general - in - chief of the army in May , leaving the office vacant . McClellan moved against Confederate forces in March . The Army of Potomac fought the bloody - but - inconclusive Battle of Seven Pines at the end of May . Following the battle , Robert E. Lee took command of Confederate forces in Virginia , and he led his forces to victory in the Seven Days Battles . The Confederate victory effectively ended the Peninsula Campaign . Second
List of highest-grossing films
Box Office Mojo stopped updating its main total for Frozen in August 2014 , while it was still in release . The total listed here incorporates subsequent earnings in Japan , Nigeria , Spain , the United Kingdom and Germany up to the end of 2015 but omits earnings in Turkey , Iceland , Brazil , and Australia ( 2016 ) which amount to a few hundred thousand dollars . The total is rounded to $1 million to compensate for the numerical inaccuracy . The gross for Toy Story 3 has been corrected to $1,066,969,703 , meaning that it finished one place higher at the end of its release . Disney issued an erratum to the gross for The Lion King , correcting its gross from $987.5 million to $968.5 million . This means that Despicable Me 2 finished its run ahead of it and would have ranked one place higher at the end of its release . Finding Nemo finished one place higher at the end of its original release , after taking corrections into account . Its total now stands at $940.3 million , which would put the first run at $871.0 million after deducting the 3D reissue gross of $69.3 million . Meanwhile , the total gross for The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring has been corrected to $871.5 million , which would rank below Finding Nemo 's first run once its 2011 reissue gross is deducted .
Rings of Power
Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings is largely concerned with the attempt of Sauron to recover the One and the efforts of the West to forestall him by destroying it . The One is destroyed near the end of the War of the Ring when it falls into the Cracks of Doom in Orodruin , along with Gollum , who had bitten off Frodo 's finger on which he was wearing the Ring . Tolkien is not entirely clear about what happened to the other rings , though he implied that the power of any that survived came to an end . After the War of the Ring , the three Elven Rings were taken by their bearers over the sea to the Undying Lands .
Romance languages
Phonemic lenition of intervocalic stops , which happens to the northwest but not to the southeast . Degemination of geminate stops ( producing new intervocalic single voiceless stops , after the old ones were lenited ) , which again happens to the northwest but not to the southeast . Deletion of intertonic vowels ( between the stressed syllable and either the first or last syllable ) , again in the northwest but not the southeast . Use of plurals in / s / in the northwest vs. plurals using vowel change in the southeast . Development of palatalized / k / before / e , i / to / ( t ) s / in the northwest vs. / tʃ / in the southeast . Development of / kt / , which develops to / xt / > / it / ( sometimes progressing further to / tʃ / ) in the northwest but / tt / in the southeast .
The Fellowship of the Ring
The poet W.H. Auden wrote a positive review in The New York Times , praising the excitement and saying `` Tolkien 's invention is unflagging , and , on the primitive level of wanting to know what happens next , The Fellowship of the Ring is at least as good as The Thirty - Nine Steps '' . However , he noted that the light humour in the beginning was `` not Tolkien 's forte '' . It was also favourably reviewed by nature writer Loren Eiseley . Literary critic Edmund Wilson titled his unflattering review Oo , those awful Orcs .
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
In November 2011 , the Congressional Budget Office ( CBO ) updated its earlier reports concerning the Act . The CBO stated that `` the employment effects began to wane at the end of 2010 and have continued to do so throughout 2011 . '' Nevertheless , in the third quarter of 2011 , the CBO estimated that the Act had increased the number of full - time equivalent jobs by 0.5 million to 3.3 million . Section 1513 of the Recovery Act stated that reports on the impact of the act were to be submitted quarterly , however the last report issued occurred for the second quarter of 2011 . As of December 2012 , 58.6 % of Americans are employed .
Oath of office of the President of the United States
It is uncertain how many presidents used a Bible or added the words `` So help me God '' at the end of the oath , or in their acceptance of the oath , as neither is required by law ; unlike many other federal oaths which do include the phrase `` So help me God . '' There is currently debate as to whether or not George Washington , the first president , added the phrase to his acceptance of the oath . No contemporary sources mention Washington as adding a religious codicil to his acceptance .
Usual beginning
The different services of the Daily Office are often combined into aggregates , often of three services , combined together into one continuous period of worship . When this happens , the full usual beginning is only performed at the first service , at subsequent services , only `` O come , let us worship ... '' is said . Sometimes this is preceded by a blessing from the priest .
PageRank
As a result of Markov theory , it can be shown that the PageRank of a page is the probability of arriving at that page after a large number of clicks . This happens to equal t − 1 ( \ displaystyle t ^ ( - 1 ) ) where t ( \ displaystyle t ) is the expectation of the number of clicks ( or random jumps ) required to get from the page back to itself .
The Thinning
The students that pass go to the Recreation Room , having a party while the `` failing '' students are being thinned . Ms. Birch then watches Sarah 's teacher lure another girl into having sex with him . She 's aware of what 's going on , and steals his keycard when luring him to have sex with her afterschool , but it never happens .
History of insurance
The first life insurance policies were taken out in the early 18th century . The first company to offer life insurance was the Amicable Society for a Perpetual Assurance Office , founded in London in 1706 by William Talbot and Sir Thomas Allen . The first plan of life insurance was that each member paid a fixed annual payment per share on from one to three shares with consideration to age of the members being twelve to fifty - five . At the end of the year a portion of the `` amicable contribution '' was divided among the wives and children of deceased members and it was in proportion to the amount of shares the heirs owned . Amicable Society started with 2000 members . Amicable
Tom Bombadil
Towards the end of The Return of the King , when Gandalf leaves the hobbits , he mentions that he wants to have a long talk with Bombadil , calling him a `` moss - gatherer '' . Gandalf says , in response to Frodo 's query of how well Bombadil is getting along , that Bombadil is `` as well as ever '' , `` quite untroubled '' and `` not much interested in anything that we have done and seen '' , save their visits to the Ents . At the very end of The Lord of the Rings , as Frodo sails into the West and leaves Middle - earth , he has what seems to him the very experience that appeared to him in the house of Bombadil in his dream of the second night .
Postterm pregnancy
Reduced placental perfusion -- Once a pregnancy has surpassed the 40 - week gestation period , doctors closely monitor the mother for signs of placental deterioration . Toward the end of pregnancy , calcium is deposited on the walls of blood vessels , and proteins are deposited on the surface of the placenta , which changes the placenta . This limits the blood flow through the placenta and ultimately leads to placental insufficiency , and the baby is no longer properly nourished . Induced labor is strongly encouraged if this happens . Oligohydramnios Meconium aspiration
Serial killer
Organization of the structure of an investigation is key to its success , as demonstrated by the investigation of the Green River Killer . Once a serial murder case was established , a task force was created to track down and arrest the offender . Over the course of the investigation , for various reasons , the task force 's organization was radically changed and reorganized multiple times -- at one point including more than 50 full - time personnel , and at another , only a single investigator . Eventually , what led to the end of the investigation was a conference of 25 detectives organized to share ideas to solve the case .
Vespers
Notwithstanding the changes brought about in the course of time , Vespers still remains the great and important Office of the evening . As already pointed out , it recalls the sacrificium vespertinum of the Old Law . In the same manner as the night is consecrated to God by the Office of the Vigil , so also is the end of the day by Vespers . It terminates , as Matins formerly terminated , and Lauds at present terminates , by a lection , or reading , from the Gospel , or canticum evangelii , which , for Vespers , is always the `` Magnificat '' . This is one of the characteristic traits of Vespers , one of the liturgical elements which this particular Office has retained in almost all regions and at all times . There are , however , a few exceptions , as in some liturgies the `` Magnificat '' is sung at Lauds ( cf . Cabrol in `` Dict . d'arch. et de liturgie '' , s.v. Cantiques évangéliques ) . This place of honour accorded so persistently to the canticle of Mary from such remote antiquity is but one of the many , and of the least striking , proofs of the devotion which has always been paid to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Church . The psalms used at Vespers have been selected , from time immemorial , from Pss . cix to cxlvii , with the exception of Ps . cxviii , which on account of its unusual length does not square with the others , and is consequently ordinarily divided up into parts and recited at the little hours . Pss . i to cviii are consecrated to Matins and Lauds , whilst the three last psalms , cxlviii to cl , belong invariably to Lauds . The series of hymns consecrated to Vespers in the Roman Breviary also form a class apart and help to give us some hints as to the symbolism of this hour . The hymns are very ancient , dating probably , for the most part , from the 6th century .
Prime Minister of Russia
A term limit was introduced after the creation of the post of the President of Russia . Government became subordinate to the President , so the Prime Minister must resign along with the President , but may be appointed again . From 1991 to 1996 , the maximum term of office of the Prime Minister was 5 years . After the new Constitution of Russia was created , the term of office of the President , and therefore the term of office of the Prime Minister , was shortened to 4 years . In 2012 , after amendments to the Constitution the term of the President and Prime Minister was increased to 6 years .
Norman conquest of England
This sophisticated medieval form of government was handed over to the Normans and was the foundation of further developments . They kept the framework of government but made changes in the personnel , although at first the new king attempted to keep some natives in office . By the end of William 's reign most of the officials of government and the royal household were Normans . The language of official documents also changed , from Old English to Latin . The forest laws were introduced , leading to the setting aside of large sections of England as royal forest . The Domesday survey was an administrative catalogue of the landholdings of the kingdom , and was unique to medieval Europe . It was divided into sections based on the shires , and listed all the landholdings of each tenant - in - chief of the king as well as who had held the land before the conquest .
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
Moctezuma had the royal palace of Axayácatl , Moctezuma 's father , prepared for Cortés . On the same day that the Spanish expedition and their allies entered Tenochtitlan , Moctezuma came to visit Cortés and his men . What happened in this second meeting remains controversial . According to several Spanish versions , some written years or decades later , Moctezuma first repeated his earlier , flowery welcome to Cortés on the Great Causeway , but then went on to explain his view of what the Spanish expedition represented in terms of Aztec tradition and lore , including the idea that Cortés and his men ( pale , bearded men from the east ) were the return of characters from Aztec legend . At the end of this explanation , the Emperor pledged his loyalty to the King of Spain and accepted Cortés as the King 's representative . According to Diaz , Moctezuma said to Cortes , `` As for your great King , I am in his debt and will give him of what I possess . ''
Automated teller machine
Rules are usually set by the government or ATM operating body that dictate what happens when integrity systems fail . Depending on the jurisdiction , a bank may or may not be liable when an attempt is made to dispense a customer 's money from an ATM and the money either gets outside of the ATM 's vault , or was exposed in a non-secure fashion , or they are unable to determine the state of the money after a failed transaction . Customers often commented that it is difficult to recover money lost in this way , but this is often complicated by the policies regarding suspicious activities typical of the criminal element .
House of Lords
The overlap of the legislative and executive roles is a characteristic of the Westminster system , as the entire cabinet consists of members of the House of Commons or the House of Lords ; however , in June 2003 , the Blair Government announced its intention to abolish the post of Lord Chancellor because of the office 's mixed executive and judicial responsibilities . The abolition of the office was rejected by the House of Lords , and the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 was thus amended to preserve the office of Lord Chancellor . The Act no longer guarantees that the office holder of Lord Chancellor is the presiding officer of the House of Lords , and therefore allows the House of Lords to elect a speaker of their own . Charles
A Series of Unfortunate Events
Following the picture is a letter to the editor , which explains to the editor how to get a manuscript of the next book . Snicket is writing from the location of the next book and usually reveals its title . Snicket notes that the editors will find various objects along with the manuscript , all of them having some impact in the story . Starting with the fourth book ( which previews the fifth ) , each letter has a layout relating to the next book , such as torn edges , fancy stationery , sopping wet paper , or telegram format . The letters change dramatically starting with the letter at the end of The Hostile Hospital -- for this preview letter , the letter is ripped to shreds and only a few scraps remain . The remaining letters are difficult to read , and some do not reveal the title . The final letter appears at the end of The End and simply has `` The end of THE END can be found at the end of THE END . '' There is no letter after Chapter Fourteen .
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom
In October 2016 , casting was underway for the role of a nine - year - old girl . Approximately 2,500 girls were interviewed for the role , which ultimately went to Isabella Sermon , marking her film debut . By November 2016 , Tom Holland -- who previously starred in The Impossible -- had discussed having a possible role in the film , but he did not believe he would be available for filming because of scheduling conflicts . Toby Jones , Rafe Spall , and Justice Smith were cast at the end of the year .
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis must be temporally controlled to ensure that it occurs only after sister chromatids separate during the anaphase portion of normal proliferative cell divisions . To achieve this , many components of the cytokinesis machinery are highly regulated to ensure that they are able to perform a particular function at only a particular stage of the cell cycle . Cytokinesis happens only after APC binds with CDC20 . This allows for the separation of chromosomes and myosin to work simultaneously .
Spanish Inquisition
In addition to the members of the court , two auxiliary figures existed that collaborated with the Holy Office : the familiares and the comissarios ( commissioners ) . Familiares were lay collaborators of the Inquisition , who had to be permanently at the service of the Holy Office . To become a familiar was considered an honour , since it was a public recognition of limpieza de sangre -- Old Christian status -- and brought with it certain additional privileges . Although many nobles held the position , most of the familiares came from the ranks of commoners . The commissioners , on the other hand , were members of the religious orders who collaborated occasionally with the Holy Office .
Time Stands Still (Degrassi: The Next Generation)
Toby 's stepmother , Kate Kerwin , ( also Ashley Kerwin 's mother ) , rushes to Degrassi and is allowed into the school to look for Toby and Ashley and is shocked at the sight of Jimmy as she had been entering the building at the time as Jimmy was being taken out . Snake and Mr. Raditch argue that Rick 's bullying was not taken seriously enough , while Spike comforts Emma . Emma says that she was horrified that Rick pointed the gun right at her head . Meanwhile , Joey and Caitlin rush over to Degrassi to look for Craig .
Gambler's fallacy
The gambler 's fallacy , also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy or the fallacy of the maturity of chances , is the mistaken belief that , if something happens more frequently than normal during some period , it will happen less frequently in the future , or that , if something happens less frequently than normal during some period , it will happen more frequently in the future ( presumably as a means of balancing nature ) . In situations where what is being observed is truly random ( i.e. , independent trials of a random process ) , this belief , though appealing to the human mind , is false . This fallacy can arise in many practical situations , but is most strongly associated with gambling , where such mistakes are common among players .
Republic (Plato)
At the end of this allegory , Plato asserts that it is the philosopher 's burden to reenter the cave . Those who have seen the ideal world , he says , have the duty to educate those in the material world . Since the philosopher recognizes what is truly good only he is fit to rule society according to Plato .
Sundial
A navicula de Venetiis or `` little ship of Venice '' was an altitude dial used to tell time and which was shaped like a little ship . The cursor ( with a plumb line attached ) was slid up / down the mast to the correct latitude . The user then sighted the sun through the pair of sighting holes at either end of the `` ship 's deck '' . The plumb line then marked what hour of the day it was .
Role of the United States in the Vietnam War
The psychological impact of the Tet Offensive effectively ended the political career of Lyndon Johnson . On March 11 , Senator Eugene McCarthy won 42 percent of the vote in the Democratic New Hampshire primary . Although Johnson was not on the ballot , commentators viewed this as a defeat for the President . Shortly thereafter , Senator Robert Kennedy announced his intention to seek the Democratic nomination for the 1968 presidential election . On March 31 , in a speech that took America and the world by surprise , Johnson announced that `` I shall not seek , and I will not accept the nomination of my party for another term as your President '' and pledged himself to devoting the rest of his term in office to the search for peace in Vietnam . Johnson announced that he was limiting bombing of North Vietnam to just north of the Demilitarized Zone and that U.S. representatives were prepared to meet with North Vietnamese counterparts in any suitable place `` to discuss the means to bring this ugly war to an end '' . A few days later , much to Johnson 's surprise , North Vietnam agreed to contacts between the two sides . On May 13 , what became known as the Paris peace talks began .
Cluedo
This variant , while loosely based on the reinvention makeover , is a major departure from traditional gameplay and constitutes a spin - off in its own right , as it includes along with the standard complement of equipment , Help cards , Dark cards , Mystery cards , house point tokens ( the loss of which can eliminate a player from a game ) , and a variable configuration game board which changes during the course of play . Clue : The Card Game - Mystery at Sea ( 2009 ) A second card game from Winning Moves , this one imagines the suspects on a luxury yacht . Utilizing a small playing board , players use `` Action '' cards to solve the crime . Notable for not only the setting at sea , but the introduction of Mr. Boddy as a potential suspect . Players actually determine which of the seven characters is to be the victim prior to play . Clue : 24 Edition ( 2009 ) has players attempt to find out which character is about to launch one of nine attacks ( weapons ) from within CTU ( based on Discover The Secrets rules ) . Clue : The Office Edition ( 2009 ) Players at the Dunder Mifflin office are instructed by their boss Michael Scott to find out who `` killed '' HR rep Toby Flenderson ( based on Discover The Secrets rules ) . Clue : Seinfeld Collector 's Edition ( 2009 ) has players attempt to determine who bonked Newman on the head and hid his scandalous tabloid exposing the suspects ' secrets ( based on Discover The Secrets rules ) . Clue : Juicy Couture ( 2009 ) was produced as part of USAopoly custom corporate games service for US clothing designer Juicy Couture . Players take on the role of one of six characters as they attempt to determine who stole what couture item in the fashion line was stolen , who took it , and where the item is hidden before the fashion show begins the next day ( based on Discover The Secrets rules ) . Clue : The Classic Edition . ( 2010 ) Also known as `` Clue : Classic '' . Another standard edition produced by Winning Moves , combines design elements from its Limited Gift Edition and its 1949 re-issue edition , to produce a new traditional edition of the game using the original 6 suspects , weapons and 9 rooms -- the first of its kind released since the introduction of the Discover The Secrets spin - off game in 2008 .
Satellite
The US military studied the idea of what was referred to as the `` earth satellite vehicle '' when Secretary of Defense James Forrestal made a public announcement on 29 December 1948 , that his office was coordinating that project between the various services .