vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Pennsylvania Turnpike
Before the first - section groundbreaking , in 1937 the turnpike commission sent workers to assess the former railroad tunnels . In September of that year , a contract was awarded to drain water from the tunnels . After this , workers cleared rock slides and vegetation from the tunnel portals before evaluating the nine tunnels ' condition . It was decided that six of the nine former South Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels could be used for the roadway . The Allegheny Mountain Tunnel was in too poor a condition for use , and the Quemahoning and Negro Mountain tunnels would be bypassed with rock cuts through the mountains ; The Quemahoning Tunnel had been completed and used by the Pittsburgh , Westmoreland and Somerset Railroad .
South Africa
Along with many African nations , South Africa has been experiencing a `` brain drain '' in the past 20 years . This is believed to be potentially damaging for the regional economy , and is almost certainly detrimental for the well - being of those reliant on the healthcare infrastructure . The skills drain in South Africa tends to demonstrate racial contours given the skills distribution legacy of South Africa and has thus resulted in large white South African communities abroad . However , the statistics which purport to show a brain drain are disputed and also do not account for repatriation and expiry of foreign work contracts . According to several surveys there has been a reverse in brain drain following the global financial crisis of 2008 -- 2009 and expiration of foreign work contracts . In the first quarter of 2011 , confidence levels for graduate professionals were recorded at a level of 84 % in a PPS survey .
Hurricane Hugo
Storm surge and rough tides also caused extensive damage , especially in Charleston County . The highest storm surge observation was 20.2 feet ( 6.2 m ) at Seewee Bay near McClellanville . Prior to the storm , residents of McClellanville took shelter in the cafeteria at Lincoln High School . However , storm surge flooded the room , with some people climbing up to the rafters for safety . A portion of the Ben Sawyer Bridge -- linking Mount Pleasant to Sullivan 's Island -- collapsed due to strong winds and storm surge . On Sullivan 's Island , water destroyed two or three rows of beach houses in some areas . At Isle of Palms , boats harbored at the marina were washed ashore and piled into a large heap . Losses at Sullivan 's Island and Isle of Palms reached nearly $270 million .
Burning of Washington
Less than a day after the attack began , a sudden , very heavy thunderstorm -- possibly a hurricane -- put out the fires . It also spun off a tornado that passed through the center of the capital , setting down on Constitution Avenue and lifting two cannons before dropping them several yards away , killing British troops and American civilians alike . Following the storm , the British returned to their ships , many of which were badly damaged . The occupation of Washington lasted only about 26 hours . After the `` Storm that saved Washington '' , as it soon came to be called , the Americans returned to the city .
Hurricane Katrina
The storm originated over the Bahamas on August 23 from the interaction between a tropical wave and the remnants of Tropical Depression Ten . Early the following day , the new depression intensified into Tropical Storm Katrina . The cyclone headed generally westward toward Florida and strengthened into a hurricane only two hours before making landfall at Hallandale Beach and Aventura on August 25 . After very briefly weakening to a tropical storm , Katrina emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on August 26 and began to rapidly deepen . The storm strengthened to a Category 5 hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico , but weakened before making its second landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on August 29 , in southeast Louisiana .
The Perfect Storm (film)
There is controversy over whether the Captain was drunk , as charged by the women in the book , with Leonard objecting to this characterization . Out of compassion for the expected loss of his boat , the Coast Guard did not test his blood alcohol levels at the time . The Coast Guard declared the voyage manifestly unsafe and ordered everyone off - board , including the unwilling skipper . The Coast Guard first tried to take them on board via an inflatable boat , but after it was damaged when trying to approach the Satori they sent a helicopter , which is a much riskier approach , as a rescue swimmer must jump into dangerous seas . The Coast Guard helicopter did not try to lower rescue gear onto the yacht ( as shown in the movie , where it gets entangled with the mast ) , but rather asked the crew of the Satori to jump overboard to meet a rescue swimmer in the water . Leonard eventually complied with the request .
Kidney
Note 1 : The renal artery also provides a branch to the inferior suprarenal artery to supply the adrenal gland . Note 2 : Each renal artery partitions into an anterior and posterior branch . The anterior branch further divides into the superior ( apical ) , anterosuperior , anteroinferior and inferior segmental arteries . The posterior branch continues as the posterior segmental artery . Note 3 : Also called the cortical radiate arteries . The interlobular artery also supplies to the stellate veins . Note 4 : The efferent arterioles do not directly drain into the interlobular vein , but rather they go to the peritubular capillaries first . The efferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary nephron drain into the vasa recta .
Key West, Florida
Hurricanes rarely affect Key West , and the island has been relatively unaffected by major storms . Some locals maintain that Hurricane Wilma on October 24 , 2005 , was the worst storm in memory . The entire island was told to evacuate and business owners were forced to shut their doors . After the hurricane had passed , the resulting storm surge sent eight feet ( two meters ) of water inland completely inundating a large portion of the lower Keys . Low - lying areas of Key West and the lower Keys , including major tourist destinations , were under as much as three feet ( one meter ) of water . Sixty percent of the homes in Key West were flooded . The higher parts of Old Town , such as the Solares Hill and cemetery areas , did not flood , because of their higher elevations of 12 to 18 feet ( 4 to 5 m ) . The surge destroyed tens of thousands of cars throughout the lower Keys , and many houses were flooded with one to two feet ( thirty to sixty - one centimeters ) of sea water . A local newspaper referred to Key West and the lower Keys as a `` car graveyard . '' The peak of the storm surge occurred when the eye of Wilma had already passed over the Naples area , and the sustained winds during the surge were less than 40 mph ( 64 km / h ) . The storm destroyed the piers at the clothing - optional Atlantic Shores Motel and breached the shark tank at the Key West Aquarium , freeing its sharks . Damage postponed the island 's famous Halloween Fantasy Fest until the following December . MTV 's The Real World : Key West was filming during the hurricane and deals with the storm .
Hurricane Irma
Large swells ahead of Irma washed ashore debris and sea life in Castries , Saint Lucia , blocking some roads . Seaside roads were inundated with water . One surfer was killed amid rough surf in Barbados after hitting a reef and breaking his neck . Trees were also destroyed . The hurricane 's effects , such as violent seas and rattling trees , were intense enough to be detected by seismographs in Guadeloupe . Several houses were damaged . Around 8,000 households and a water supply network on that island lost power during the storm , leaving several communes in the dark without running water . Overall damage was limited to external parts of houses and trees that were blown onto roads and three unmanned ships wrecked by rough seas .
St. Johns River
An Englishman named Nelson Fell , persuaded by Disston 's advertisements to make his fortunes in Florida , arrived in the 1880s . An engineer by trade , Fell purchased 12,000 acres ( 49 km ) near Lake Tohopekaliga to create a town named Narcoossee , which had a population of more than 200 English immigrants by 1888 . A spate of poor luck and tense British - American relations followed , prompting Fell to spend some years investing in infrastructure in Siberia , but he returned in 1909 with ideas of developing wetlands in central Florida . He was further encouraged by the political promises of Governor Napoleon Bonaparte Broward to drain the Everglades during his 1904 campaign . In 1910 Fell purchased 118,000 acres ( 480 km ) of land for $1.35 an acre and started the Fellsmere Farms Company to drain the St. Johns Marsh in 1911 and send water into the Indian River Lagoon , promoting the engineered canals and other structures as wondrously efficient in providing land to build a massive metropolis . Some progress was made initially , including the establishment of the town of Fellsmere in which land was sold for $100 an acre , but sales lagged because of a scandal regarding land sale fraud and faulty draining reports from the Everglades . The company then found itself short of funds due to mismanagement . Torrential rains ruptured the newly constructed levees and dikes and forced the company by 1916 to go into receivership . Fell left Florida for Virginia in 1917 .
Where the Red Fern Grows
A few weeks later , Billy 's grandfather enters him into a championship raccoon hunt , putting him against experienced hunters and the finest dogs in the country . Before it starts , he enters Little Ann into a contest for the best - looking dog , where she wins the silver cup . On the fourth night of the hunt , Old Dan and Little Ann tree three raccoons , making it to the final round . The sixth night , they tree one before a blizzard hits . Billy , his father , grandfather , and the judge lose sight of the dogs . When they finally find them , Billy 's grandfather sprains his ankle . They build a fire , and when Billy 's father chops down a tree , three raccoons jump out . Old Dan and Little Ann take two of them down , and chase the third one to another tree . In the morning , the hunters find them covered with ice circling the bottom of a tree . The last raccoon wins them the championship and the gold cup . The hunters also present them with $300 of jackpot money .
Heartland (Canadian TV series)
Mitch is hired as a ranch hand at Heartland . Troubled by guilt due to the loss of his cousin at war , he eventually enters a relationship with Lou . After much hostility towards him , Tim names him `` Trooper '' after a tenacious but respectable bronc on the circuit .
Sea of Galilee
Tourism around the Sea of Galilee is an important economic branch . Historical and religious sites in the region draw both local and foreign tourists . The Sea of Galilee is an attraction for Christian pilgrims who visit Israel to see the places where Jesus performed miracles according the New Testament , such as his walking on water , calming the storm and feeding the multitude . Alonzo Ketcham Parker , a nineteenth - century American traveler , called visiting the Sea of Galilee `` a ' fifth gospel ' which one read devoutly , his heart overflowing with quiet joy '' .
Ghost Whisperer (season 4)
In the fourth season , Melinda meets Eli James ( Jamie Kennedy ) after a fire at Rockland University who , after his own near - death experience , develops the ability to hear ghosts . Melinda says goodbye to her close friend Rick Payne , who leaves Grandview on a research trip for the university . In this season , Jim is shot and killed . He does not `` cross over '' because he does not want to leave Melinda , and his spirit later enters the body of a man named Sam Lucas , who died in an unrelated accident in Grandview and crossed over . When Jim / Sam regains consciousness , he has no memory of being Jim . Melinda works to get him to remember his past life and her , and succeeds after much difficulty and skepticism on the part of her friends . They soon discover that Melinda is pregnant and that the date of conception was right before Jim died .
The Perfect Storm (film)
The Perfect Storm is a 2000 American biographical disaster drama film directed by Wolfgang Petersen and based on the 1997 non-fiction book of the same name by Sebastian Junger . The film tells the story of the Andrea Gail , a commercial fishing vessel that was lost at sea with all hands after being caught in the Perfect Storm of 1991 . The film stars George Clooney , Mark Wahlberg , William Fichtner , John C. Reilly , Diane Lane , Karen Allen and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio . It was released on June 30 , 2000 , by Warner Bros .
Burning of Washington
Less than a day after the attack began , a sudden , very heavy thunderstorm -- possibly a hurricane -- put out the fires . It also spun off a tornado that passed through the center of the capital , setting down on Constitution Avenue and lifting two cannons before dropping them several yards away and killing British troops and American civilians alike . Following the storm , the British troops returned to their ships , many of which were badly damaged . There is some debate regarding the effect of this storm on the occupation . While some assert that the storm forced their retreat , it seems likely from their destructive and arsonous actions before the storm , and their written orders from Cochrane to `` destroy and lay waste '' , that their intention was merely to raze the city , rather than occupy it for an extended period . Whatever the case , the British occupation of Washington lasted only about 26 hours . Despite this , the `` Storm that saved Washington '' , as it became known , did the opposite according to some . The rains sizzled and cracked the already charred walls of the White House and ripped away at structures the British had no plans to destroy ( such as the Patent Office ) . The storm may have exacerbated an already dire situation for Washington DC .
List of K.C. Undercover episodes
Guest stars : Connor Weil as Brady , Chandler Kinney as Monique Absent : Kadeem Hardison as Craig Cooper 57 6 `` K.C. Under Construction '' Eileen Conn Jenn Lloyd & Kevin Bonani August 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 11 ) 307 1.18 K.C. is assigned to go undercover as a construction worker at a tall unfinished building , allowing her to spy on a nearby tower where a group of renegade spies are believed to be meeting so they can discuss weapons . K.C. 's male co-workers at the construction site mock her for being a female . K.C. meets a female construction worker , Crystal , who tells K.C. that the men will eventually ignore her . K.C. later learns that the renegade spy group is working on sonic brain imploders , capable of melting people 's brains . When Brady has Marisa gain knowledge about K.C. 's current mission , he warns his group that K.C. is spying on them and that she must be killed . A man is sent to the construction site to plant a brain imploder device . After a fight , K.C. takes down the man , but he says he does not know how to diffuse the imploder . Crystal has K.C. put the imploder into cement mix , which prevents it from detonating . Meanwhile , Judy gets in trouble at school after using mature logic to question a student 's belief in the tooth fairy . Ernie is tasked with teaching Judy to behave like a normal child , to help maintain her cover as a spy robot . Guest stars : Rick Hall as Agent Johnson , Connor Weil as Brady , Lex Medlin as Roy , Eris Baker as Diane , Tara Karsian as Crystal , Larry Poindexter as Foreman Absent : Tammy Townsend as Kira Cooper , Kadeem Hardison as Craig Cooper 58 7 `` The Storm Maker '' Robbie Countryman Jenn Lloyd & Kevin Bonani August 18 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 18 ) 308 1.30 Ernie and Marisa mock K.C. , believing that she does not have a date for their final high school homecoming .
Mercury pollution in the ocean
Mercury enters the ocean in different ways . Atmospheric deposition is the largest source of mercury to the oceans . Atmospheric deposition introduces three types of mercury to the ocean . Gaseous elemental mercury ( Hg0 ) enters the ocean through air - water exchange . Inorganic mercury ( Hg2+ / HgII ) and particle - bound mercury ( Hg ( P ) ) enters through wet and dry deposition . In addition , mercury enters the ocean via rivers , estuaries , sediments , and , hydrothermal vents etc . These sources also release organic mercury compounds such as Methyl mercury . Once they are in the ocean they can undergo many reactions primarily grouped as ; redox reactions ( gain or loss of electrons ) , adsorption processes ( binding to solid particles ) , methylation and demethylation ( addition or removal of a methyl group ) .
Field-effect transistor
A common use of the FET is as an amplifier . For example , due to its large input resistance and low output resistance , it is effective as a buffer in common - drain ( source follower ) configuration .
History of Texas
Galveston , the fourth - largest city in Texas and then the major port , was destroyed by a hurricane with 100 mph ( 160 km / h ) winds on September 8 , 1900 . The storm created a 20 ft ( 6.1 m ) storm surge when it hit the island , 6 -- 9 ft ( 1.8 -- 2.7 m ) higher than any previously recorded flood . Water covered the entire island , killing between 6,000 and 8,000 people , destroying 3,500 homes as well as the railroad causeway and wagon bridge that connected the island to the mainland . To help rebuild their city , citizens implemented a reformed government featuring a five - man city commission . Galveston was the first city to implement a city commission government , and its plan was adopted by 500 other small cities across the United States .
Carmen Lowell
Carmen learns that Christina is pregnant with David 's child . Carmen is originally hostile , believing that since the baby will be born just after she leaves for college that she is being replaced . Carmen also gets a job looking after Valia , Lena 's grandmother , and meets a guy named Win ' Winthrop ' at the hospital . She and Win maintain a flirtatious relationship , but she believes that she is deceiving him because he keeps catching her doing charitable things , and that he will be disappointed when he learns about her arguments with her mother . Carmen eventually realizes that since David works so much , she will have to be there for the child and makes amends with her mom . At the end of the book , Christina goes into labor four weeks early while David is away on business . Carmen and Win go hunting for David to bring him home . Meanwhile , Tibby helps Christina give birth . Carmen returns to the hospital where she meets her baby brother and tells Win that she does n't think she deserves him . Win announces that it does n't matter , and the two share a kiss .
Grabbed by the Ghoulies
A young boy named Cooper and his girlfriend , Amber , are seen searching frantically for civilisation after they take a wrong turn . They are caught in a storm and head to a nearby mansion to seek shelter . Once outside , Cooper checks his map , but is unaware that someone is watching . Baron von Ghoul , the game 's main antagonist , looks down from his window and orders two gargoyles to retrieve Cooper and Amber . Amber is kidnapped by the gargoyles and is taken into the Ghouly Mansion , with Cooper in pursuit . Once inside the mansion , Cooper realises that Amber is nowhere to be seen in the Grand Hallway . Crivens , the mansion 's butler , tells him to go to the archives where Amber is held . On the way , a huge group of boxing skeletons challenge Cooper to a boxing match , with Cooper emerging victorious . Upon reaching the archives , Cooper finds Amber being held hostage by a mad scientist named Dr. Krackpot . Krackpot then shoots Amber with his laser rifle and she transforms into a horrible creature .
Sleeping Beauty
A hundred years pass and a prince from another family spies the hidden castle during a hunting expedition . His attendants tell him differing stories regarding the castle until an old man recounts his father 's words : within the castle lies a beautiful princess who is doomed to sleep for a hundred years until a king 's son comes and awakens her . The prince then braves the tall trees , brambles and thorns which part at his approach , and enters the castle . He passes the sleeping castle folk and comes across the chamber where the Princess lies asleep on the bed . Struck by the radiant beauty before him , he falls on his knees before her . The enchantment comes to an end by a kiss and the princess awakens and converses with the prince for a long time . Meanwhile , the rest of the castle awakens and go about their business . The prince and princess are later married by the chaplain in the castle chapel .
Where Do You Go (La Bouche song)
`` Where Do You Go '' is a song written by Peter Bischof and Franz Reuther . It was first recorded by Eurodance band La Bouche in 1995 as an album - only song from their Sweet Dreams album . A cover version of the song was recorded by Europop group No Mercy , taken from their debut album My Promise . On May 13 , 1996 , it was released as their first single and became a worldwide hit entering the Top - 5 not only in Germany where the trio was based , but also in Australia , Austria , France , Switzerland , UK and US .
Arizona Robbins
Callie wants to take Sofia and move to New York with Penny but Arizona does not want to be separated from her daughter so she hires a lawyer and they go to court for a custody battle . After a long case , Arizona wins sole custody of Sofia . but in the end she ends up sharing Sofia with Callie because she thinks that ' both of Sofia 's moms deserve to be happy ' .
Arizona Robbins
Following the death of Dr. Jordan Kenley ( John Sloman ) , Chief Webber ( James Pickens , Jr . ) replaces his head of pediatric surgery with Dr. Arizona Robbins , a graduate of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine . Robbins has a romantic interest in orthopedic 5 year resident Callie Torres , ( Sara Ramirez ) later goes on to kiss her . The two embark on a relationship , but when Torres ' father , Carlos ( Héctor Elizondo ) , learns of the relationship , he threatens to cut her off financially unless she returns home with him . When Torres ' father returns to Seattle and continues to reject his daughter 's sexuality , Robbins is able to convince him to reconsider . She tells Mr. Torres that her father was able to accept her own sexuality , as she promised him she was still the `` good man in a storm '' he raised her to be , and that Torres is still the same person he raised . Torres is dismayed to learn that Robbins does n't want children , and the two come to a conclusion that they can not continue their relationship , since they both want different things . However , after a shooter enters Seattle Grace with a vendetta for Derek Shepherd ( Patrick Dempsey ) , Lexie Grey ( Chyler Leigh ) , and Richard Webber ( James Pickens , Jr . ) , they are in lockdown together , and the two reconcile .
Flint water crisis
On February 18 , 2016 the state gave Flint a $2 million grant that will go towards replacing lead service lines .
Sign of the cross
In the Roman or Latin Rite Church it is customary to make the full Sign of the Cross using holy water when entering a church . The first three fingers of the right hand are dipped into the font containing the holy water and the Sign of the Cross is made on oneself . This gesture has a two-fold purpose : to remind one of their baptism and the rights and responsibilities that go with it and to also remind one that they are entering a sacred place that is set apart from the world outside .