vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Biafra
Little is known about the literal meaning of the word Biafra . The word Biafra most likely derives from the subgroup Biafar or Biafada of the Tenda ethnic group who reside primarily in Guinea - Bissau . Manuel Álvares ( 1526 -- 1583 ) , a Portuguese Jesuit educator , in his work Ethiopia Minor and a geographical account of the Province of Sierra Leone , writes about the `` Biafar heathen '' in chapter 13 of the same book . The word Biafar thus appears to have been a common word in the Portuguese language back in the 16th century .
Note-taking
However , this sort of structure has limitations in written form since it is difficult to go back and insert more information . Adaptive systems are used for paper - and - pen insertions , such as using the reverse side of the preceding page in a spiral notebook to make insertions . Or one can simply leave large spaces in between items , to enable more material to be inserted . The above method is effective for most people , but you can be creative in making your own method . ( See Category : Outliners for more about application software that supports outlining . )
Magick (Thelema)
The art of divination is generally employed for the purpose of obtaining information that can guide the adept in his Great Work . The underlying theory states that there exists intelligences ( either outside of or inside the mind of the diviner ) that can offer accurate information within certain limits using a language of symbols . Normally , divination within Magick is not the same as fortune telling , which is more interested in predicting future events . Rather , divination tends to be more about discovering information about the nature and condition of things that can help the magician gain insight and to make better decisions .
John Steinbeck
Of the controversy , Steinbeck wrote , `` The vilification of me out here from the large landowners and bankers is pretty bad . The latest is a rumor started by them that the Okies hate me and have threatened to kill me for lying about them . I 'm frightened at the rolling might of this damned thing . It is completely out of hand ; I mean a kind of hysteria about the book is growing that is not healthy . ''
Evolution of fish
Ostracoderms existed in two major groups , the more primitive heterostracans and the cephalaspids . Later , about 420 million years ago , the jawed fish evolved from one of the ostracoderms . After the appearance of jawed fish , most ostracoderm species underwent a decline , and the last ostracoderms became extinct at the end of the Devonian period .
Neuroanatomy of memory
Damage to the parietal lobe results in the syndrome ' neglect ' which is when patients treat part of their body or objects in their visual field as though it never existed . Damage to the left side of the parietal lobe can result in what is called Gerstmann syndrome . It includes right - left confusion , difficulty with writing ( agraphia ) and difficulty with mathematics ( acalculia ) . It can also produce disorders of language ( aphasia ) and the inability to perceive objects . Damage to the right parietal lobe can result in neglecting part of the body or space ( contralateral neglect ) , which can impair many self - care skills such as dressing and washing . Right side damage can also cause difficulty in making things ( constructional apraxia ) , denial of deficits ( anosognosia ) and drawing ability . Neglect syndrome tends to be more prevalent on the right side of the parietal lobe , because the right mediates attention to both the left and right fields . Damage in the somatic sensory cortex results in loss of perception of bodily sensations , namely sense of touch .
Michael Myers (Halloween)
The ending scene of Michael being shot six times , and then disappearing from the ground outside the house , was meant to terrify the imagination of the audience . Carpenter tried to keep the audience guessing as to who Michael Myers really is -- he is gone , and everywhere at the same time ; he is more than human ; he may be supernatural , and no one knows how he got that way . To Carpenter , keeping the audience guessing was better than explaining away the character with `` he 's cursed by some ... '' For Josh Hartnett , who portrayed John Tate in Halloween H20 , `` it 's that abstract , it 's easier for me to be afraid of it . You know , someone who just kind of appears and , you know ( mimics stabbing noise from Psycho ) instead of an actual human who you think you can talk to . And no remorse , it 's got no feelings , that 's the most frightening , definitely . '' Richard Schickel , film critic for TIME , felt Michael was `` irrational '' and `` really angry about something '' , having what Schickel referred to as `` a kind of primitive , obsessed intelligence '' . Schickel considered this the `` definition of a good monster '' , by making the character appear `` less than human '' , but having enough intelligence `` to be dangerous '' . ``
History of the center of the Universe
In 1750 Thomas Wright , in his work An original theory or new hypothesis of the Universe , correctly speculated that the Milky Way might be a body of a huge number of stars held together by gravitational forces rotating about a Galactic Center , akin to the solar system but on a much larger scale . The resulting disk of stars can be seen as a band on the sky from our perspective inside the disk . In a treatise in 1755 , Immanuel Kant elaborated on Wright 's idea about the structure of the Milky Way . At the time , the existence of other galaxies had not been discovered .
Nuss procedure
Many Pectus Excavatum patients exhibit psychological symptoms associated with the cosmetic appearance of their disorder . For many , it is the driving force behind undergoing the Nuss procedure . The recovery from these psychological symptoms can also take some time , though many patients report improvements in confidence and self - esteem after only a few weeks , once the effects of the surgery can be noticed . Ultimately , almost all patients report a noticeable improvement in their confidence and body image after they have completely recovered from the operation .
Neuron
A typical neuron consists of a cell body ( soma ) , dendrites , and an axon . The term neurite is used to describe either a dendrite or an axon , particularly in its undifferentiated stage . Dendrites are thin structures that arise from the cell body , often extending for hundreds of micrometers and branching multiple times , giving rise to a complex `` dendritic tree '' . An axon ( also called a nerve fiber ) is a special cellular extension ( process ) that arises from the cell body at a site called the axon hillock and travels for a distance , as far as 1 meter in humans or even more in other species . Most neurons receive signals via the dendrites and send out signals down the axon . Numerous axons are often bundled into fascicles that make up the nerves in the peripheral nervous system ( like strands of wire make up cables ) . Bundles of axons in the central nervous system are called tracts . The cell body of a neuron frequently gives rise to multiple dendrites , but never to more than one axon , although the axon may branch hundreds of times before it terminates . At the majority of synapses , signals are sent from the axon of one neuron to a dendrite of another . There are , however , many exceptions to these rules : for example , neurons can lack dendrites , or have no axon , and synapses can connect an axon to another axon or a dendrite to another dendrite .
Sleep
The circadian rhythm influences the ideal timing of a restorative sleep episode . Sleepiness increases during the night . REM sleep occurs more during body temperature minimum within the circadian cycle , whereas slow - wave sleep can occur more independently of circadian time .
New Edition
New Edition 's third album , All for Love , was released in the latter half of 1985 . While not duplicating the success of its predecessor , the album was certified platinum , and spawned the hits `` Count Me Out '' , `` A Little Bit Of Love ( Is All It Takes ) '' , and `` With You All the Way '' . The growing popularity of the group led to a guest appearance ( as themselves ) in the 1985 film Krush Groove , performing `` My Secret '' . Toward the year 's end , Christmas All Over The World , a holiday EP , was released as well as an oldies album of tunes from the ' 50s sung by the group with an ' 80s production style .
Human brain
A stroke is a decrease in blood supply to an area of the brain causing cell death and brain injury . This can lead to a wide range of symptoms , including the `` FAST '' symptoms of facial droop , arm weakness , and speech difficulties ( including with speaking and finding words or forming sentences ) . Symptoms relate to the function of the affected area of the brain and can point to the likely site and cause of the stroke . Difficulties with movement , speech , or sight usually relate to the cerebrum , whereas imbalance , double vision , vertigo and symptoms affecting more than one side of the body usually relate to the brainstem or cerebellum .
God the Father
For about a thousand years , no attempt was made to portray God the Father in human form , because early Christians believed that the words of Exodus 33 : 20 `` Thou canst not see my face : for there shall no man see Me and live '' and of the Gospel of John 1 : 18 : `` No man hath seen God at any time '' were meant to apply not only to the Father , but to all attempts at the depiction of the Father . Typically only a small part of the body of Father would be represented , usually the hand , or sometimes the face , but rarely the whole person , and in many images , the figure of the Son supplants the Father , so a smaller portion of the person of the Father is depicted .
Rule of law
Others argue that the rule of law has survived but was transformed to allow for the exercise of discretion by administrators . For much of American history , the dominant notion of the rule of law , in this setting , has been some version of A.V. Dicey 's : `` no man is punishable or can be lawfully made to suffer in body or goods except for a distinct breach of law established in the ordinary legal manner before the ordinary Courts of the land . '' That is , individuals should be able to challenge an administrative order by bringing suit in a court of general jurisdiction . As the dockets of worker compensation commissions , public utility commissions and other agencies burgeoned , it soon became apparent that letting judges decide for themselves all the facts in a dispute ( such as the extent of an injury in a worker 's compensation case ) would overwhelm the courts and destroy the advantages of specialization that led to the creation of administrative agencies in the first place . Even Charles Evans Hughes , a Chief Justice of the United States , believed `` you must have administration , and you must have administration by administrative officers . '' By 1941 , a compromise had emerged . If administrators adopted procedures that more or less tracked `` the ordinary legal manner '' of the courts , further review of the facts by `` the ordinary Courts of the land '' was unnecessary . That is , if you had your `` day in commission '' , the rule of law did not require a further `` day in court '' . Thus Dicey 's rule of law was recast into a purely procedural form .
Heat
The internal energy U of a body in an arbitrary state X can be determined by amounts of work adiabatically performed by the body on its surroundings when it starts from a reference state O. Such work is assessed through quantities defined in the surroundings of the body . It is supposed that such work can be assessed accurately , without error due to friction in the surroundings ; friction in the body is not excluded by this definition . The adiabatic performance of work is defined in terms of adiabatic walls , which allow transfer of energy as work , but no other transfer , of energy or matter . In particular they do not allow the passage of energy as heat . According to this definition , work performed adiabatically is in general accompanied by friction within the thermodynamic system or body . On the other hand , according to Carathéodory ( 1909 ) , there also exist non-adiabatic , diathermal walls , which are postulated to be permeable only to heat .
Habeas corpus
Habeas corpus ( / ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔːrpəs / ; Medieval Latin meaning literally `` that you have the body '' ) is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person , usually a prison official , to bring the prisoner to court , to determine if the detention is lawful .
Circular motion
In physics , circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path . It can be uniform , with constant angular rate of rotation and constant speed , or non-uniform with a changing rate of rotation . The rotation around a fixed axis of a three - dimensional body involves circular motion of its parts . The equations of motion describe the movement of the center of mass of a body .
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2012 July 7
The commentary at this YouTube clip of the final scene of the film if ... identifies the tune as the hymn tune `` Ellacombe '' . ( If you 've never seen if ... , I advise you not to watch this clip as it will completely ruin your enjoyment of it when you do see it . Fantastic movie , not often seen . ) We do n't have an article on `` Ellacombe '' , but this is a good instrumental version of it , and reveals it 's anonymous but has been used for a variety of hymns . That prompts me to remember hearing people singing Why was he born to this tune , as well as to Advance Australia Fair . The best known in the UK is the Easter hymn , The day of resurrection ! Earth , tell it out abroad . Alansplodge ( talk ) 02 : 08 , 9 July 2012 ( UTC ) So , we have a song that 's been sung to at least 2 different tunes and an apparently unlimited number of sets of lyrics . It 's extremely well known in at least 3 major anglo countries - does anyone in NZ or Canada know this song ? Yet , its origins seem to be a complete mystery . -- ♬ Jack of Oz ♬ 08 : 49 , 7 July 2012 ( UTC )
Common basilisk
The common basilisk , along with the other members of its genus , take the nickname the `` Jesus Christ lizard '' or `` Jesus lizard '' because when fleeing from predators , they gather sufficient momentum to run across the water for a brief distance while holding most of their body out of the water ( similar to the biblical story of Jesus walking on water ) . Basilisks have large hind feet with scaly fringes on the sides of the third , fourth , and fifth toes . These are compressed against the toes when this lizard walks on land ; but if it senses danger , it can jump into the water , opening up these fringes against the water 's surface . This increases the surface area of the foot , thus allowing it to run on the water for short distances . This occurs in three steps . First is the slap , the downward movement of the foot that pushes water out and away from the leg . This also created pockets of air around the foot . Next is the stroke , the backwards movement of the foot , which propels it forward . Next is the recovery , when the foot comes up and out of the water and prepares to do the slap again . Smaller basilisks can run about 10 -- 20 m without sinking . Juveniles can usually run farther than older basilisks , while holding more of their body above the surface .
Femur
A slight ridge is sometimes seen commencing about the middle of the intertrochanteric crest , and reaching vertically downward for about 5 cm . along the back part of the body : it is called the linea quadrata ( or quadrate line ) .
New Deal
( Some ) will try to give you new and strange names for what we are doing . Sometimes they will call it ' Fascism ' , sometimes ' Communism ' , sometimes ' Regimentation ' , sometimes ' Socialism ' . But , in so doing , they are trying to make very complex and theoretical something that is really very simple and very practical ... Plausible self - seekers and theoretical die - hards will tell you of the loss of individual liberty . Answer this question out of the facts of your own life . Have you lost any of your rights or liberty or constitutional freedom of action and choice ?
It (2017 film)
He is also very overweight , which earns his place in the Losers ' Club , but like all of the Losers , there are underlying facets that define him far more than superficial appearances . On the character of Hanscom , Muschietti spoke of him knowing a situation of despair , `` ... Ben is bullied at school . '' Finn Wolfhard as Richie Tozier : The bespectacled best friend of Bill Denbrough , whose loud mouth and foul language often get him into trouble . Wolfhard was the only actor cast in both this and Fukunaga 's version . On casting Wolfhard as Richie Tozier , Muschietti wanted an actor who not only matched the physical description , but also embodied the character as `` ( S ) ome of the characters of the Losers ' Club are very , very particular and very specific and , for me , you ca n't play Richie Tozier if you 're not Richie Tozier . So , for me that was probably the character where I said , ' Man , I have to find Richie Tozier in real life . ' ( ... ) then along came Finn ( Wolfhard ) , and I immediately realized this kid had a burning need inside to express himself and be funny and when I saw him , I said , ' Yeah , that 's him . ' '' As for the character of Tozier , Muschietti spoke of him knowing a situation of despair , `` We do n't know much about Richie 's personality , because he 's the big mouth of the group . But we suppose he 's also neglected at home , and he 's the clown of the band because he needs attention . '' Wyatt Oleff as Stan Uris : A Jewish mysophobe who is the son of a rabbi . He is studying for his bar mitzvah but is n't interested in religion , which is upsetting to his father . On the character of Uris , Muschietti spoke of him knowing a situation of despair , `` Long story short , there 's all sorts of difficult situations , and we had the chance to tell them in a movie that faces directly those conflicts ...
Social media
There are several negative effects to social media which receive criticism , for example regarding privacy issues , information overload and Internet fraud . Social media can also have negative social effects on users . Angry or emotional conversations can lead to real - world interactions outside of the Internet , which can get users into dangerous situations . Some users have experienced threats of violence online and have feared these threats manifesting themselves offline . Studies also show that social media have negative effects on peoples ' self - esteem and self - worth . The authors of `` Who Compares and Despairs ? The Effect of Social Comparison Orientation on Social Media Use and its Outcomes '' found that people with a higher social comparison orientation appear to use social media more heavily than people with low social comparison orientation . This finding was consistent with other studies that found people with high social comparison orientation make more social comparisons once on social media . People compare their own lives to the lives of their friends through their friends ' posts . People are motivated to portray themselves in a way that is appropriate to the situation and serves their best interest . Often the things posted online are the positive aspects of people 's lives , making other people question why their own lives are not as exciting or fulfilling . This can lead to depression and other self - esteem issues aswell as decrease their satisfaction of life as they feel if their life is not exciting enough to put online it is not as good as their friends or family . Studies have shown that self comparison on social media can have dire effects on physical and mental health because they give us the ability to seek approval and compare ourselves . Social media has both a practical usage - to connect us with others , but also can lead to fulfillment of gratification . In fact , one study suggests that because a critical aspect of social networking sites involve spending hours , if not months customizing a personal profile , and encourage a sort of social currency based on likes , followers and comments - they provide a forum for persistent `` appearance conversations '' . These appearance centered conversations that forums like Facebook , Instagram among others provide can lead to feelings of disappointment in looks and personality when not enough likes or comments are achieved . In addition , social media use can lead to detrimental physical health effects . A large body of literature associates body image and disordered eating with social networking platforms .
Central Intelligence Agency
Hastening the CIA 's fall from grace were the burglary of the Watergate headquarters of the Democratic Party by former CIA officers , and President Richard Nixon 's subsequent attempt to use the CIA to impede the FBI 's investigation of the burglary . In the famous `` smoking gun '' recording that led to President Nixon 's resignation , Nixon ordered his chief of staff , H.R. Haldeman , to tell the CIA that further investigation of Watergate would `` open the whole can of worms '' about the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba . In this way Nixon and Haldemann ensured that the CIA 's No. 1 and No. 2 ranking officials , Richard Helms and Vernon Walters , communicated to FBI Director L. Patrick Gray that the FBI should not follow the money trail from the burglars to the Committee to Re-elect the President , as it would uncover CIA informants in Mexico . The FBI initially agreed to this due to a long - standing agreement between the FBI and CIA not to uncover each other 's sources of information , though within a couple of weeks the FBI demanded this request in writing , and when no such formal request came , the FBI resumed its investigation into the money trail . Nonetheless , when the smoking gun tapes were made public , damage to the public 's perception of CIA 's top officials , and thus to the CIA as a whole , could not be avoided . President
Prince Charming
In the early Disney animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( 1937 ) , when Snow White tells the dwarfs about her prince , she says , `` Anyone could see that the prince was charming , the only one for me . '' However , he is never referred to specifically as `` Prince Charming . '' Andreas Deja initially struggled with the concept of animating a handsome villain in Beauty and the Beast . Deja ultimately based Gaston 's appearance on those of handsome soap opera actors in order to create a grotesque version of the Prince Charming stock character .
You're either with us, or against us
'' Vic Toews Canadian Public Safety Minister said on February 13 , 2012 : `` ... either stand with us or with the child pornographers '' in response to questions from Quebec MP Francis Scarpaleggia ( Lac - Saint - Louis ) regarding extensive Privacy Commission concerns about ' warrant-less access ' to all Canadian Internet and Cell phone accounts under the proposed legislation contained in bill C - 30 `` Protecting Children from Internet Predators Act '' introduced the following day ( February 14 , 2012 ) in the House of Commons of Canada . Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , in a speech after a suicide bomb explosion in Istanbul on January 12 , 2016 , said : `` Pick a side . You are either on the side of the Turkish government , or you 're on the side of the terrorists . '' Sarah Palin , in a speech criticizing Republicans who did n't support Donald Trump 's 2016 election campaign , said : `` You 're either with us or you 're against us . `` That gang , they call themselves Never hashtag , whatever , I just call ' em Republicans Against Trump , or RAT for short , And you know it was really funny , to me , the ' splodey heads keep ' sploding over this movement because it seems so obvious ... ''