vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Bachelor's degree
Bachelor 's degrees should not be confused with baccalaureate qualifications , which derive their name from the same root . In the UK , baccalaureate qualifications , e.g. International Baccalaureate , Welsh Baccalaureate , English Baccalaureate , are gained at secondary schools rather than being degree - level qualifications .
Git
Another property of Git is that it snapshots directory trees of files . The earliest systems for tracking versions of source code , Source Code Control System ( SCCS ) and Revision Control System ( RCS ) , worked on individual files and emphasized the space savings to be gained from interleaved deltas ( SCCS ) or delta encoding ( RCS ) the ( mostly similar ) versions . Later revision control systems maintained this notion of a file having an identity across multiple revisions of a project . However , Torvalds rejected this concept . Consequently , Git does not explicitly record file revision relationships at any level below the source code tree .
Colombo
The author of the oldest Sinhalese grammar , Sidatsangarava , written in the 13th century wrote about a category of words that exclusively belonged to early Sinhalese . It lists naramba ( to see ) and kolamba ( ford or harbour ) as belonging to an indigenous source . Kolamba may also be the source of the name of the commercial capital Colombo .
New Mexico
Due to its relatively low population , in combination with numerous federally - funded research facilities , New Mexico had the highest concentration of PhD holders of any state in 2000 . Despite this , the state routinely ranks near the bottom in surveys of quality of primary and secondary school education .
United States presidential election, 1860
Source ( Popular Vote ) : Leip , David . `` 1860 Presidential Election Results '' . Dave Leip 's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved July 27 , 2005 . Source ( Electoral Vote ) : `` Electoral College Box Scores 1789 -- 1996 '' . National Archives and Records Administration . Retrieved July 31 , 2005 .
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source Christianity ( total ) Catholicism Protestantism Islam Other Source US State Department 90 % 50 % 35 % 5 % 5 % ( 1 ) Pew Research Center 96 % 47 % 48 % 1.5 % 2.5 % ( 2 ) ( 3 ) CIA World Factbook 80 % 50 % 20 % 10 % 10 % ( 4 )
Lumen (unit)
The lumen can be thought of casually as a measure of the total `` amount '' of visible light in some defined beam or angle , or emitted from some source . The number of candelas or lumens from a source also depends on its spectrum , via the nominal response of the human eye as represented in the luminosity function .
Boötes
44 Boötis ( i Boötis ) is a double variable star 42 light - years away . It has an overall magnitude of 4.8 and appears yellow to the naked eye . The primary is of magnitude 5.3 and the secondary is of magnitude 6.1 ; their orbital period is 220 years . The secondary is itself an eclipsing variable star with a range of 0.6 magnitudes ; its orbital period is 6.4 hours . It is a W Ursae Majoris variable that ranges in magnitude from a minimum of 7.1 to a maximum of 6.5 every 0.27 days . Both stars are G - type stars . Another eclipsing binary star is ZZ Boötis , which has two F2 - type components of almost equal mass , and ranges in magnitude from a minimum of 6.79 to a maximum of 7.44 over a period of 5.0 days . Variable
Astronomical spectroscopy
The motion of stellar objects can be determined by looking at their spectrum . Because of the Doppler effect , objects moving towards us are blueshifted , and objects moving away are redshifted . The wavelength of redshifted light is longer , appearing redder than the source . Conversely , the wavelength of blueshifted light is shorter , appearing bluer than the source light :
Common source
Bandwidth of common - source amplifier tends to be low , due to high capacitance resulting from the Miller effect . The gate - drain capacitance is effectively multiplied by the factor 1 + A v ( \ displaystyle 1 + A_ ( \ text ( v ) ) \ , ) , thus increasing the total input capacitance and lowering the overall bandwidth .
History of United States prison systems
According to social and legal historian Adam J. Hirsch , the rationalists had only a secondary impact on United States penal practices . But their ideas -- whether consciously adopted by United States prison reformers or not -- resonate in various United States penal initiatives to the present day .
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
Group A Pos Team Pld Pts Iran 10 22 South Korea 10 15 Syria 10 13 Uzbekistan 10 13 5 China PR 10 12 6 Qatar 10 7 Source : FIFA Group B Pos Team Pld Pts Japan 10 20 Saudi Arabia 10 19 Australia 10 19 United Arab Emirates 10 13 5 Iraq 10 11 6 Thailand 10 Source : FIFA Play
The Honeymooners
The majority of The Honeymooners episodes focused on its four principal characters , and generally used fixed sets within their Brooklyn apartment building . Although various secondary characters made multiple appearances and occasional exterior shots were incorporated during editing , virtually all action and dialogue was `` on stage '' inside the normal backdrop .
Education in Bangladesh
The Technical and Vocational Education System provides courses related to various applied and practical areas of science , technology and engineering , or focuses on a specific specialised area . Course duration ranges from one month to four years . The Technical Education Board controls technical and vocational training in the secondary level .
Microphone
Systems for extracting voice input from ambient noise ( notably telephones , speech recognition systems , hearing aids ) Surround sound and related technologies Locating objects by sound : acoustic source localization , e.g. , military use to locate the source ( s ) of artillery fire . Aircraft location and tracking . High fidelity original recordings 3D spatial beamforming for localized acoustic detection of subcutaneous sounds
Education in India
In their favour , it has been pointed out that private schools cover the entire curriculum and offer extra-curricular activities such as science fairs , general knowledge , sports , music and drama . The pupil teacher ratios are much better in private schools ( 1 : 31 to 1 : 37 for government schools ) and more teachers in private schools are female . There is some disagreement over which system has better educated teachers . According to the latest DISE survey , the percentage of untrained teachers ( para-teachers ) is 54.91 % in private , compared to 44.88 % in government schools and only 2.32 % teachers in unaided schools receive in - service training compared to 43.44 % for government schools . The competition in the school market is intense , yet most schools make profit . However , the number of private schools in India is still low - the share of private institutions is 7 % ( with upper primary being 21 % secondary 32 % - source : fortress team research ) . Even the poorest often go to private schools despite the fact that government schools are free . A study found that 65 % school - children in Hyderabad 's slums attend private schools . International
New York gubernatorial election, 2018
Hypothetical polling with John DeFrancisco Poll source Date ( s ) administered Sample size Margin of error Andrew Cuomo ( D ) John DeFrancisco ( R ) Other Undecided Siena College April 8 -- 12 , 2018 692 ± 4.3 % 56 % 32 % 1 % 9 % Siena College March 11 -- 16 , 2018 772 ± 4.0 % 57 % 28 % 1 % 11 % with Carl Paladino Poll source Date ( s ) administered Sample size Margin of error Andrew Cuomo ( D ) Carl Paladino ( R ) Undecided Marist College June 6 -- 10 , 2017 703 ± 3.7 % 57 % 26 % 17 % with Rob Astorino Poll source Date ( s ) administered Sample size Margin of error Andrew Cuomo ( D ) Rob Astorino ( R ) Undecided Marist College June 6 -- 10 , 2017 703 ± 3.7 % 58 % 26 % 16 % with Chris Gibson Poll source Date ( s ) administered Sample size Margin of error Andrew Cuomo ( D ) Chris Gibson ( R ) Undecided Public Policy Polling April 7 -- 10 , 2016 1,403 ± 2.6 % 49 % 26 % 26 % with Donald Trump , Jr . Poll source Date ( s ) administered Sample size Margin of error Andrew Cuomo ( D ) Donald Trump Jr . ( R ) Undecided Marist College June 6 -- 10 , 2017 703 ± 3.7 % 62 % 27 % 11 % with Harry Wilson Poll source Date ( s ) administered Sample size Margin of error Andrew Cuomo ( D ) Harry Wilson ( R ) Undecided Marist College June 6 -- 10 , 2017 703 ± 3.7 % 58 % 22 % 20 % with Andrew Cuomo and Larry Sharpe Poll source Date ( s ) administered Sample size Margin of error Andrew Cuomo ( D ) Larry Sharpe ( L ) Gravis Marketing ( L - Sharpe ) June 4 -- 7 , 2018 654 ± 3.8 % 51 % 49 % with Cynthia Nixon and Larry Sharpe Poll source Date ( s ) administered Sample size Margin of error Cynthia Nixon ( D ) Larry Sharpe ( L ) Gravis Marketing ( L - Sharpe ) June 4 -- 7 , 2018 654 ± 3.8 % 47 % 53 %
Yemen
A seven - year project to improve gender equity and the quality and efficiency of secondary education , focusing on girls in rural areas , was approved by the World Bank in March 2008 . Following this , Yemen has increased its education spending from 5 % of GDP in 1995 to 10 % in 2005 .
Kitty Walker
Robert becomes angry with Kitty for keeping her advanced cancer from him , but they reconcile and he asks her to renew their vows when Kitty chooses the bone marrow transplant over more chemo - therapy . However , all the Walker siblings are tested and it is revealed that none of them are a match . In desperation Nora turns to Ryan and asks him to get tested and it is revealed that he is a match but does n't want to donate his marrow as he blames the Walkers ( in place of William ) for his mother 's suicide . Nora tries to tell him that she is angry with William as well but that he must move on . Nora also tells Ryan that by not helping Kitty , Evan will lose his mother , like Ryan did . However , it appears he leaves town in order to escape his sabotaging the wine at Ojai . Just as everyone begins to lose hope , Ryan returns after sorting through what Nora said and donates his marrow to his half - sister . The story then jumps three weeks later as Robert holds a press conference , it is revealed that the transplant was a success and Robert concedes his bid for governor and Ryan seemingly makes amends with the Walker family .
Tyrannosaurus
Tyrannosaur arms are short when compared to other known predators . Horner argues that the arms were too short to make the necessary gripping force to hold on to prey . Tyrannosaurs had large olfactory bulbs and olfactory nerves ( relative to their brain size ) . These suggest a highly developed sense of smell which could sniff out carcasses over great distances , as modern vultures do . Research on the olfactory bulbs of dinosaurs has shown that Tyrannosaurus had the most highly developed sense of smell of 21 sampled dinosaurs . Opponents of the pure scavenger hypothesis have used the example of vultures in the opposite way , arguing that the scavenger hypothesis is implausible because the only modern pure scavengers are large gliding birds , which use their keen senses and energy - efficient gliding to cover vast areas economically . Researchers from Glasgow concluded that an ecosystem as productive as the current Serengeti would provide sufficient carrion for a large theropod scavenger , although the theropod might have had to be cold - blooded in order to get more calories from carrion than it spent on foraging ( see Metabolism of dinosaurs ) . They also suggested that modern ecosystems like the Serengeti have no large terrestrial scavengers because gliding birds now do the job much more efficiently , while large theropods did not face competition for the scavenger ecological niche from gliding birds . Tyrannosaur teeth could crush bone , and therefore could extract as much food ( bone marrow ) as possible from carcass remnants , usually the least nutritious parts . Karen Chin and colleagues have found bone fragments in coprolites ( fossilized feces ) that they attribute to tyrannosaurs , but point out that a tyrannosaur 's teeth were not well adapted to systematically chewing bone like hyenas do to extract marrow . Since at least some of Tyrannosaurus 's potential prey could move quickly , evidence that it walked instead of ran could indicate that it was a scavenger . On the other hand , recent analyses suggest that Tyrannosaurus , while slower than large modern terrestrial predators , may well have been fast enough to prey on large hadrosaurs and ceratopsians .
Epiphyseal plate
The epiphyseal plate ( or epiphysial plate , physis , or growth plate ) is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone . It is the part of a long bone where new bone growth takes place ; that is , the whole bone is alive , with maintenance remodeling throughout its existing bone tissue , but the growth plate is the place where the long bone grows longer ( adds length ) .
Minié ball
Wounds inflicted by the conical Minié ball were different from those caused by the round balls from smoothbore muskets , since the conical ball had a higher muzzle velocity and greater mass , and easily penetrated the human body . Round balls tended to remain lodged in the flesh , and they were often observed to take a winding path through the body . Flexed muscles and tendons , as well as bone , could cause the round ball to deviate from a straight path . The Minié ball tended to cut a straight path and usually went all the way through the injured part ; the ball seldom remained lodged in the body . If a Minié ball struck a bone , it usually caused the bone to shatter . The damage to bones and resulting compound fractures were usually severe enough to necessitate amputation . The entire point of the minie ball was to damage the bones , and have them do the damage themselves . A hit on a major blood vessel could also have serious consequences .
Sympathetic nervous system
Sympathicotonia is a stimulated condition of the sympathetic nervous system , marked by vascular spasm , elevated blood pressure , and goose bumps . A recent study has shown the expansion of Foxp3+ natural Treg in the bone marrow of mice after brain ischemia and this myeloid Treg expansion is related to sympathetic stress signaling after brain ischemia .
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
Though commending him , Abercrombie informs Dixon that the DNA sample does not match DNA found on Angela 's body , and that the man was overseas on military duty at the time of the murder . Dixon concludes that the man must be guilty of some other rape , and joins Mildred on a trip to Idaho in order to kill him . On the way , Mildred confesses to Dixon that she set the police station on fire . He indicates that he knew already . They express reservations about their mission but agree to decide what to do along the way .
Nelly
Nelly runs the non-profit organization 4Sho4Kids Foundation . The Jes Us 4 Jackie campaign began in March 2003 by Nelly and his sister Jackie Donahue after Donahue was diagnosed with leukemia . The campaign attempts to educate African Americans and other minorities about the need for bone marrow transplants , and to register more donors . Donahue lost her battle with leukemia on March 24 , 2005 , almost two years after the campaign began . In 2010 , Nelly endorsed Do Something 's Tackle Hunger campaign . In a public service announcement he filmed for the cause , Nelly challenged teens to fight hunger by collecting one million pounds of food for the holiday season .
Tyrannosaurus
Oxygen isotope ratios in fossilized bone are sometimes used to determine the temperature at which the bone was deposited , as the ratio between certain isotopes correlates with temperature . In one specimen , the isotope ratios in bones from different parts of the body indicated a temperature difference of no more than 4 to 5 ° C ( 7 to 9 ° F ) between the vertebrae of the torso and the tibia of the lower leg . This small temperature range between the body core and the extremities was claimed by paleontologist Reese Barrick and geochemist William Showers to indicate that Tyrannosaurus rex maintained a constant internal body temperature ( homeothermy ) and that it enjoyed a metabolism somewhere between ectothermic reptiles and endothermic mammals . Other scientists have pointed out that the ratio of oxygen isotopes in the fossils today does not necessarily represent the same ratio in the distant past , and may have been altered during or after fossilization ( diagenesis ) . Barrick and Showers have defended their conclusions in subsequent papers , finding similar results in another theropod dinosaur from a different continent and tens of millions of years earlier in time ( Giganotosaurus ) . Ornithischian dinosaurs also showed evidence of homeothermy , while varanid lizards from the same formation did not . Even if Tyrannosaurus rex does exhibit evidence of homeothermy , it does not necessarily mean that it was endothermic . Such thermoregulation may also be explained by gigantothermy , as in some living sea turtles .
The Imp of the Perverse (short story)
We stand upon the brink of a precipice . We peer into the abyss -- we grow sick and dizzy . Our first impulse is to shrink away from the danger . Unaccountably we remain ... it is but a thought , although a fearful one , and one which chills the very marrow of our bones with the fierceness of the delight of its horror . It is merely the idea of what would be our sensations during the sweeping precipitancy of a fall from such a height ... for this very cause do we now the most vividly desire it .
My Sister's Keeper (novel)
The story takes place in the fictional town of Upper Darby , Rhode Island in 2004 . Anna Fitzgerald 's older sister , Kate , suffers from acute promyelocytic leukemia , a blood and bone marrow cancer . Anna was born as a savior sister specifically so she could save Kate 's life . At first it is successful , but the cancer continues to relapse throughout Kate 's life .
Cremation
However , more recent LDS publications have provided instructions for how to dress the deceased when they have received their temple endowments ( and thus wear temple garments ) prior to cremation for those wishing to do so , or in countries where the law requires cremation . Except where required by law , the family of the deceased may decide whether the body should be cremated , though the Church `` does not normally encourage cremation . ''
Chernobyl disaster
The four most harmful radionuclides spread from Chernobyl were iodine - 131 , caesium - 134 , caesium - 137 and strontium - 90 , with half - lives of 8.02 days , 2.07 years , 30.2 years and 28.8 years respectively . The iodine was initially viewed with less alarm than the other isotopes , because of its short half - life , but it is highly volatile , and now appears to have travelled furthest and caused the most severe health problems in the short term . Strontium , on the other hand , is the least volatile of the four , and of main concern in the areas near Chernobyl itself . Iodine tends to become concentrated in thyroid and milk glands , leading , among other things , to increased incidence of thyroid cancers . Caesium tends to accumulate in vital organs such as the heart , while strontium accumulates in bones , and may thus be a risk to bone - marrow and lymphocytes . Radiation is most damaging to cells that are actively dividing . In adult mammals cell division is slow , except in hair follicles , skin , bone marrow and the gastrointestinal tract , which is why vomiting and hair loss are common symptoms of acute radiation sickness .
Preamble to the Constitution of India
The idea of Liberty refers to the freedom on the activities of Indian nationals . This establishes that there are no unreasonable restrictions on Indian citizens in term of what they think , their manner of expressions and the way they wish to follow up their thoughts in action . This is found to be an important tool in ensuring democratic framework . However , liberty does not mean freedom to do anything , and it must be exercised within the constitutional limits. This is second provision .
Precedent
Under the literal rule , the judge should do what the actual legislation states rather than trying to do what the judge thinks that it means . The judge should use the plain everyday ordinary meaning of the words , even if this produces an unjust or undesirable outcome . A good example of problems with this method is R v Maginnis ( 1987 ) , in which several judges in separate opinions found several different dictionary meanings of the word supply . Another example is Fisher v Bell , where it was held that a shopkeeper who placed an illegal item in a shop window with a price tag did not make an offer to sell it , because of the specific meaning of `` offer for sale '' in contract law . As a result of this case , Parliament amended the statute concerned to end this discrepancy .
Prometheus
The imagery of Prometheus and the creation of man used for the purposes of the representation of the creation of Adam in biblical symbolism is also a recurrent theme in the artistic expression of late Roman antiquity . Of the relatively rare expressions found of the creation of Adam in those centuries of late Roman antiquity , one can single out the so - called `` Dogma sarcophagus '' of the Lateran Museum where three figures are seen ( in representation of the theological trinity ) in making a benediction to the new man . Another example is found where the prototype of Prometheus is also recognizable in the early Christian era of late Roman antiquity . This can be found upon a sarcophagus of the Church at Mas d'Aire as well , and in an even more direct comparison to what Raggio refers to as `` a coursely carved relief from Campli ( Teramo ) ( where ) the Lord sits on a throne and models the body of Adam , exactly like Prometheus . '' Still another such similarity is found in the example found on a Hellenistic relief presently in the Louvre in which the Lord gives life to Eve through the imposition of his two fingers on her eyes recalling the same gesture found in earlier representations of Prometheus .
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?
Gauguin had been a student at the Petit Séminaire de La Chapelle - Saint - Mesmin , just outside Orléans , from the age of eleven to the age of sixteen . His subjects there included a class in Catholic liturgy ; the teacher for this class was the Bishop of Orléans , Félix - Antoine - Philibert Dupanloup . Dupanloup had devised his own catechism to be lodged in the minds of the young schoolboys , and to lead them towards proper spiritual reflections on the nature of life . The three fundamental questions in this catechism were : `` Where does humanity come from ? '' `` Where is it going to ? '' , `` How does humanity proceed ? '' . Although in later life Gauguin was vociferously anticlerical , these questions from Dupanloup 's catechism obviously had lodged in his mind , and `` where ? '' became the key question that Gauguin asked in his art .
The Piano Lesson
A Romare Bearden painting , The Piano Lesson , inspired Wilson to write a play featuring a strong female character to confront African - American history , paralleling Troy in earlier Fences . However , on finishing his play , Wilson found the ending to stray from the empowered female character as well as from the question regarding self - worth . What The Piano Lesson finally seems to ask is : `` What do you do with your legacy , and how do you best put it to use ? ''