vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
The pre-conventional level of moral reasoning is especially common in children , although adults can also exhibit this level of reasoning . Reasoners at this level judge the morality of an action by its direct consequences . The pre-conventional level consists of the first and second stages of moral development and is solely concerned with the self in an egocentric manner . A child with pre-conventional morality has not yet adopted or internalized society 's conventions regarding what is right or wrong but instead focuses largely on external consequences that certain actions may bring .
Gatekeeping (communication)
While Shoemaker et al. 's study focused on traditional news rooms , Singer has been interested in how gatekeeping translates to how traditional newspapers use online tools . In both the 2000 and 2004 Presidential elections , she studied how the Internet was changing the process for newspapers , contending that , `` the power of gatekeepers seems to diminish in a modern information society . The Internet defies the whole notion of a ' gate ' and challenges the idea that journalists ( or anyone else ) can or should limit what passes through it '' ( p. 265 ) . In the study of the 2004 coverage , Singer posed the following research questions : 1 ) What did editors of Web sites affiliated with major newspapers see as their goals and their most noteworthy achievements in covering the 2004 political campaign and election ? 2 ) To what extent did these editors relinquish their gatekeeping role by providing opportunities for users to provide or personalize content ? And more broadly , 3 ) In what ways have the views of editors of Web sites affiliated with major newspapers changed since 2000 ?
Operation Barbarossa
At around 01 : 00 on 22 June 1941 , the Soviet military districts in the border area were alerted by NKO Directive No. 1 , issued late on the night of 21 June . It called on them to `` bring all forces to combat readiness , '' but to `` avoid provocative actions of any kind '' . It took up to two hours for several of the units subordinate to the Fronts to receive the order of the directive , and the majority did not receive it before the invasion commenced .
Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters
`` My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark ( Light Em Up ) '' by Fall Out Boy and `` Cameo Lover '' by Kimbra were featured in the movie but are unavailable on the soundtrack .
Lizzie and Mika Samuels
In the mid-season premiere `` What Happened and What 's Going On '' , Lizzie and Mika appear as hallucinations , along with Beth Greene and Bob Stookey , in Tyreese 's mind as he is dying from a walker bite . They try to comfort him and assure him he made the right choices and that it is OK to move on while Martin and the Governor taunt him about his actions and their consequences . For a moment Lizzie and Mika hold out their hands , which he holds , but in reality this is Rick holding his arm out so Michonne can amputate it . When Tyreese is bleeding out in the car he sees Lizzie , Mika , Beth and Bob once more ; he decides that he wants to let go and join them , and dies peacefully .
Deus Ex: Human Revolution
Deus Ex : Human Revolution is an action role - playing game with incorporated first - person shooter and stealth mechanics . Players take the role of Adam Jensen , a man equipped with mechanical cybernetic implants called augmentations . The game 's environments , ranging from open world hubs to more scripted environments , are explored in first - person , although actions such as hiding behind cover , conversing with non-playable characters ( NPCs ) , and some attack animations switch to a third - person view . In these environments , players can find NPCs that will advance both the main story quest and optional side quests : completing quests , along with other actions such as combat with enemies , rewards Adam with experience points , which raise his experience level . Also accessible are black market vendors which supply equipment and weapons for Credits , the in - game currency . Interactive objects within environments can be highlighted , although these options are either turned off on the hardest difficulty or can be turned off in the options menu by the player .
Angel of the Lord
The ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament known as the Septuagint translates the phrase as ἄγγελος Κυρίου , angelos Kyriou , `` an angel of the Lord '' , a phrase used also in the New Testament . The Hellenistic Jewish philosopher Philo identified the angel of the Lord ( in the singular ) with the Logos .
Titanic (1997 film)
Cameron explained forfeiting his share as complex . `` ... the short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than T2 and True Lies . Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget . Titanic also had a large budget to begin with , but it went up a lot more , '' he said . `` As the producer and director , I take responsibility for the studio that 's writing the checks , so I made it less painful for them . I did that on two different occasions . They did n't force me to do it ; they were glad that I did . ''
Sleeping Beauty
In Giambattista Basile 's version of Sleeping Beauty , Sun , Moon , and Talia , the sleeping beauty is named Talia . By asking wise men and astrologers to predict her future after her birth , her father who is a great lord learns that Talia will be in danger from a splinter of flax . The splinter later causes what appears to be Talia 's death ; however , it is later learned that it is a long , deep sleep . After Talia falls into deep sleep , she is seated on a velvet throne and her father , to forget his misery of what he thinks is her death , closes the doors and abandons the house forever . One day , while a king is walking by , one of his falcons flies into the house . The king knocks , hoping to be let in by someone , but no one answers and he decides to climb in with a ladder . He finds Talia alive but unconscious , and `` ... gathers the first fruits of love . '' Afterwards , he leaves her in the bed and goes back to his kingdom . Though Talia is unconscious , she gives birth to twins -- one of whom keeps sucking her fingers . Talia awakens because the twin has sucked out the flax that was stuck deep in Talia 's finger . When she wakes up , she discovers that she is a mother and has no idea what happened to her . One day , the king decides he wants to go see Talia again . He goes back to the palace to find her awake and a mother to his twins . He informs her of who he is , what has happened , and they end up bonding . After a few days , the king has to leave to go back to his realm , but promises Talia that he will return to take her to his kingdom .
Linda Kasabian
`` Q : `` What conversation did you have with Mr. Manson while you were making love ? '' A : `` I do n't recall the entire conversation but he told me I had a father hang - up . '' Q : `` Did this impress you when he said you had a father hang - up ? '' A : `` Very much so . '' Q : `` Why ? '' A : `` Because nobody ever said that to me , and I did have a father hang - up . I hated my stepfather . '' ''
The Angels Take Manhattan
Gillan refused to read the script for a few weeks after she received it because she `` did n't want to make it real '' . She said in an interview , `` I literally could n't read it without crying . It was the most highly - charged read - through I 've ever experienced . But I could n't have asked for a better exit . I do n't think it 'll be what people expect . '' A scene written by Chris Chibnall showing how Rory 's father Brian ( Mark Williams ) became aware of Amy and Rory 's fate did not make it into production . However , on 12 October 2012 , the BBC released an animated storyboard entitled `` P.S. '' that depicted the scene with narration by Darvill . It takes place one week later in Brian 's timeline after `` The Power of Three '' when a man named Anthony delivers him a letter from Rory , telling him that they will never return and that Anthony is their son they adopted in 1946 . The scene was written to be a DVD extra , and was not filmed due to time constraints .
Human rights and development
The Charter established the Economic and Social council which set up the UN Human Rights Commission now the United Nations Human Rights Council . Chapter VI of the Charter entitled International Economic and Social Cooperation provides Article 55 ( c ) the `` universal respect for , and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race , sex , language or religion '' . Article 56 requires States to take joint and separate actions in cooperation with the UN to achieve their mutual aims . Human rights are inherent in the progress of economic social and cultural goals and therefore to Human Development as such .
Chuck McGill
When Jimmy eventually goes to take his $5,000 , needing the money for his burner phone business , he discovers that HHM is falling apart and has experienced massive layoffs . Howard admits that they are having trouble paying out to Chuck 's estate . As well , Chuck 's actions over the previous seasons , particularly his breakdown at the bar hearing have damaged HHM 's reputation , possibly beyond repair , apparently causing HHM to have trouble attracting and keeping clients . Due to his guilt over his perceived role in Chuck 's death , Howard is far more subdued and seems uninterested in doing anything to fix the damage .
Civilian Conservation Corps
The Vermont Youth Conservation Corps ( VYCC ) is a non-profit , youth service and education organization that hires Corps Members , aged 16 -- 24 , to work on high - priority conservation projects in Vermont . Through these work projects , Corps Members develop a strong work ethic , strengthen their leadership skills , and learn how to take personal responsibility for their actions . VYCC Crews work at VT State Parks , U.S. Forest Service Campgrounds , in local communities , and throughout the state 's back country . The VYCC has also given aid to a similar program in North Carolina , which is currently in its infancy .
Sociology
The social pre-wiring hypothesis was proved correct , `` The central advance of this study is the demonstration that ' social actions ' are already performed in the second trimester of gestation . Starting from the 14th week of gestation twin foetuses plan and execute movements specifically aimed at the co-twin . These findings force us to predate the emergence of social behavior : when the context enables it , as in the case of twin foetuses , other - directed actions are not only possible but predominant over self - directed actions . '' .
Magic Mirror (Snow White)
The Magic Mirror appeared as the Looking Glass in Happily Ever After voiced by Dom DeLuise . When Lord Maliss tells him where his sister the Evil Queen is and threatens it for information , the Looking Glass tells him that she died trying to kill Snow White . After Snow White evaded Lord Maliss ' dragon form , Lord Maliss consults the Looking Glass again as the Looking Glass tells him that Snow White and the Dwarfelles are heading to Rainbow Falls . When Snow White ventures to Lord Maliss ' castle , the Looking Glass tells him that it will be tough for Snow White to find his castle . When the Dwarfelles enter Lord Maliss ' castle and wonder where Lord Maliss has taken Snow White , the Looking Glass states that `` beneath the Queen lies a secret door . '' After searching the area , they find a panel to the hidden door underneath the Evil Queen 's bust .
Usual beginning
Then the Axion Estin is said , followed by `` Glory to the Father , and to the Son , and to the Holy Spirit . ( Bow . ) Now and ever , and unto the ages of ages . Amen . ( Bow . ) Lord , have mercy , Lord , have mercy . Lord , bless ( Bow . )
1980 Summer Olympics boycott
Lord Killanin permitted NOC - qualified athletes to compete at the Games without their national flags or anthems ( which allowed NOCs to send athletes in a non-national context ) but this did not allow other individuals lacking NOC sanction to participate in the Games as this was perceived by the IOC as a potential weakening of their authority . Four competitors ( including one athlete ) from New Zealand competed independently and marched under their NOC flag because the government officially supported the boycott . The athletes of 16 countries did not fly their national flags . Instead Olympic flags were raised and the Olympic Anthem replaced their national anthems at the medal ceremonies . There was one awards ceremony where three Olympic flags were raised .
Sabbath in Christianity
Organizations that promote Sunday Sabbatarianism include Day One Christian Ministries ( formerly known as the Lord 's Day Observance Society ) in the UK . With unwavering support by mainstream Christian denominations , Sabbatarian organizations were formed , such as the American Sabbath Union ( also known as the Lord 's Day Alliance ) and the Sunday League of America , following the American Civil War , to preserve the importance of Sunday as the Christian Sabbath . Founded in 1888 , the Lord 's Day Alliance continues to `` encourage all people to recognize and observe a day of Sabbath rest and to worship the risen Lord Jesus Christ , on the Lord 's Day , Sunday '' . The Board of Managers of the Lord 's Day Alliance is composed of clergy and laity from Christian churches , including Baptist , Catholic , Episcopalian , Friends , Lutheran , Methodist , Non-Denominationalist , Orthodox , Presbyterian , and Reformed traditions . The Woman 's Christian Temperance Union also supports Sabbatarian views and worked to reflect these in the public sphere . In Canada , the Lord 's Day Alliance ( renamed the People for Sunday Association of Canada ) was founded there and it lobbied successfully to pass in 1906 the Lord 's Day Act , which was not repealed until 1985 . Throughout their history , Sabbatarian organizations , such as the Lord 's Day Alliance , have mounted campaigns , with support in both Canada and Britain from labour unions with the goals of preventing secular and commercial interests from hampering freedom of worship and preventing them from exploiting workers .
Hijab
Some Muslims take a relativist approach to hijab . They believe that the commandment to maintain modesty must be interpreted with regard to the surrounding society . What is considered modest or daring in one society might not be considered so in another . It is important , they say , for believers to wear clothing that communicates modesty and reserve .
Rey (Star Wars)
Conversely , although Casey Cipriani of Bustle recognized that Kylo Ren might be right about Rey 's parents , she opined that he is `` unreliable '' and that `` we have to take what he says with a grain of salt and look elsewhere ( within the story ) for hints of Rey 's lineage . ''
Tabula rasa
The social pre-wiring hypothesis was proved correct , `` The central advance of this study is the demonstration that ' social actions ' are already performed in the second trimester of gestation . Starting from the 14th week of gestation twin fetuses plan and execute movements specifically aimed at the co-twin . These findings force us to predate the emergence of social behaviour : when the context enables it , as in the case of twin fetuses , other - directed actions are not only possible but predominant over self - directed actions . '' .
Bobby Sands
In response to a question in the House of Commons on 5 May 1981 , United Kingdom Prime Minister , Margaret Thatcher said , `` Mr. Sands was a convicted criminal . He chose to take his own life . It was a choice that his organisation did not allow to many of its victims '' .
Sabbath in Christianity
Sabbatarianism arose and spread among both the continental and English Protestants during the 17th and 18th centuries . The Puritans of England and Scotland brought a new rigorism into the observance of the Christian Lord 's Day , in reaction to the customary Sunday observance of the time , which they regarded as lax . They appealed to Sabbath ordinances with the idea that only the Bible can bind men 's consciences in whether or how they will take a break from work , or to impose an obligation to meet at a particular time . Their influential reasoning spread to other denominations also , and it is primarily through their influence that `` Sabbath '' has become the colloquial equivalent of `` Lord 's Day '' or `` Sunday '' . Sunday Sabbatarianism is enshrined in its most mature expression , the Westminster Confession of Faith ( 1646 ) , in the Calvinist theological tradition . Chapter 21 , Of Religious Worship , and the Sabbath Day , sections 7 - 8 read :
Dutch East India Company
The raising of capital in Rotterdam did not go so smoothly . A considerable part originated from inhabitants of Dordrecht . Although it did not raise as much capital as Amsterdam or Middelburg - Zeeland , Enkhuizen had the largest input in the share capital of the VOC . Under the first 358 shareholders , there were many small entrepreneurs , who dared to take the risk . The minimum investment in the VOC was 3,000 guilders , which priced the Company 's stock within the means of many merchants . Various
Cornwallis in India
Cornwallis was first considered for a posting to India during the ministry of the Earl of Shelburne in the spring of 1782 . Shelburne asked Cornwallis if he wanted to go to India as governor general , an idea Cornwallis viewed with favour , as it provided employment without risking his parole status . However , Shelburne was a weak leader , and was turned out of power in early 1783 , replaced by a coalition government dominated by men Cornwallis ( and King George ) disliked , Charles James Fox and Lord North . Cornwallis , who normally avoided politics ( in spite of holding a seat in the House of Lords ) , became more vocal in opposition to the Fox - North ministry , hoping his support would be repaid by the next government . ``
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War began with demonstrations in 1964 against the escalating role of the U.S. military in the Vietnam War and grew into a broad social movement over the ensuing several years . This movement informed and helped shape the vigorous and polarizing debate , primarily in the United States , during the second half of the 1960s and early 1970s on how to end the war .
Government of Australia
The Commonwealth Parliament and all the state and territory legislatures operate within the conventions of the Westminster system , with a recognised Leader of the Opposition , usually the leader of the largest party outside the government , and a Shadow Cabinet of Opposition members who `` shadow '' each member of the Ministry , asking questions on matters within the Minister 's portfolio . Although the Government , by virtue of commanding a majority of members in the lower house of the legislature , can usually pass its legislation and control the workings of the house , the Opposition can considerably delay the passage of legislation and obstruct government business if it chooses .
Government of Australia
The day - to - day business of the House of Representatives is usually negotiated between the Leader of the House , appointed by the Prime Minister , and the Manager of Opposition Business in the House , appointed by the Leader of the Opposition in the Commonwealth parliament , currently Bill Shorten .
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Many women in America sympathized with the Vietnamese civilians affected by the war and joined the opposition movement . They protested the use of napalm , a highly flammable jelly weapon created by the Dow Chemical Company and used as a weapon during the war , by boycotting Saran Wrap , another product made by the company .
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Women were a large part of the antiwar movement , even though they were sometimes relegated to second - class status within the organizations or faced sexism within opposition groups . Some leaders of anti-war groups viewed women as sex objects or secretaries , not actual thinkers who could contribute positively and tangibly to the group 's goals , or believed that women could not truly understand and join the antiwar movement because they were unaffected by the draft . Women involved in opposition groups disliked the romanticism of the violence of both the war and the antiwar movement that was common amongst male war protestors . Despite the inequalities , participation in various antiwar groups allowed women to gain experience with organizing protests and crafting effective antiwar rhetoric . These newfound skills combined with their dislike of sexism within the opposition movement caused many women to break away from the mainstream antiwar movement and create or join women 's antiwar groups , such as Another Mother for Peace , Women 's International League for Peace and Freedom ( WILPF ) , and Women Strike for Peace ( WSP ) , also known as Women For Peace . Female soldiers serving in Vietnam joined the movement to battle the war and sexism , racism , and the established military bureaucracy by writing articles for antiwar and antimilitary newspapers .
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The modern British system includes not only a government formed by the majority party ( or coalition of parties ) in the House of Commons but also an organised and open opposition formed by those who are not members of the governing party . Called Her Majesty 's Most Loyal Opposition , they occupy the benches to the Speaker 's left . Seated in the front , directly across from the ministers on the Treasury Bench , the leaders of the opposition form a `` Shadow Government '' , complete with a salaried `` Shadow Prime Minister '' , the Leader of the Opposition , ready to assume office if the government falls or loses the next election . The
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Faced with the sexism sometimes found in the antiwar movement , New Left , and Civil Rights Movement , some women created their own organizations to establish true equality of the sexes . Some of frustrations of younger women became apparent during the antiwar movement : they desired more radical change and decreased acceptance of societal gender roles than older women activists . Female activists ' disillusion with the antiwar movement led to the formation of the Women 's Liberation Movement to establish true equality for American women in all facets of life .
Zimbabwe
Opposition gatherings are frequently the subject of brutal attacks by the police force , such as the crackdown on an 11 March 2007 Movement for Democratic Change ( MDC ) rally and several others during the 2008 election campaign .
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
British Prime Ministers have never been elected directly by the public . A Prime Minister need not be a party leader ; David Lloyd George was not a party leader during his service as prime Minister during World War I , and neither was Ramsay MacDonald from 1931 to 1935 . Prime Ministers have taken office because they were members of either the Commons or Lords , and either inherited a majority in the Commons or won more seats than the opposition in a general election . Lord
House of Commons of the United Kingdom
During debates , Members may speak only if called upon by the Speaker ( or a Deputy Speaker , if the Speaker is not presiding ) . Traditionally , the presiding officer alternates between calling Members from the Government and Opposition . The Prime Minister , the Leader of the Opposition , and other leaders from both sides are normally given priority . All Privy Counsellors used to be granted priority ; however , the modernisation of Commons procedure in 1998 led to the abolition of this tradition .