vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Lucas Horton
Lucas comes out of his coma a year later and returns to town , but he is still partially paralyzed . Lucas seems to really want to make amends , but shows his true colors at Austin and Sami 's wedding when he exposes the truth and ruins the wedding . Eventually , with Victor 's help , Lucas gets joint custody of Will . Lucas takes Will for a summer holiday in Africa .
Eyepiece
The Ramsden eyepiece comprises two plano - convex lenses of the same glass and similar focal lengths , placed less than one eye - lens focal length apart , a design created by astronomical and scientific instrument maker Jesse Ramsden in 1782 . The lens separation varies between different designs , but is typically somewhere between 7 / 10 and 7 / 8 of the focal length of the eye - lens , the choice being a trade off between residual transverse chromatic aberration ( at low values ) and at high values running the risk of the field lens touching the focal plane when used by an observer who works with a close virtual image such as a myopic observer , or a young person whose accommodation is able to cope with a close virtual image ( this is a serious problem when used with a micrometer as it can result in damage to the instrument ) .
Victorian morality
Historians Peter Gay and Michael Mason both point out that modern society often confuses Victorian etiquette for a lack of knowledge . It is often thought that those going for a swim in the sea at the beach would use a bathing machine out of modesty . Despite the existence of the bathing machine , it was still possible to see people bathing nude . Another example of the gap between common preconceptions of Victorian sexuality and historical record is that , contrary to what might be expected , Queen Victoria liked to draw and collect male nude figure drawings and even gave one to her husband as a present . Popular conception suggests that typical middle - class brides likely knew nothing about sex and learned about their husbands ' expectations for it on their wedding night , and that the experience was often traumatic . However , Victorian society did recognise that both men and women could enjoy copulation .
List of Sabrina the Teenage Witch characters
For the first three seasons , Hilda played a violin , but was clearly not very good at it as she failed at every audition : In one episode , the violin came flying through the patio doors , and the bow went right through it like an arrow through a heart . At the start of Season 4 , Hilda gave up on her violin , and blew it up with a stick of dynamite . She bought a clock shop which had a magical Lost in Time clock in the back room ; whenever famous people in the past centuries made a mistake at some point in their lives , they would become lost in time , and Hilda and Zelda had to try to figure out what went wrong . By the start of Season 5 , though , the clock shop was out of business , and Hilda bought the coffee shop much to Sabrina 's annoyance as she had just moved out of her aunt 's house , and was now living with Roxie , Morgan , and Miles . Hilda often made a great fuss over the silliest things : For example , in one episode , Hilda ran for office after a politician publicly stated that her coffee was too expensive . She lost the election without a single vote ( the one vote she did receive was disqualified because it was signed with a pawprint rather than a signature , indicating that Salem was the voter in question ) . As Sabrina 's time in college came to an end , Hilda met her soul mate , a train conductor on the Halloween Express , and impulsively married him . However , it almost did not happen after Zelda and Sabrina meddled for what they thought were the right reasons . Hilda later came back in Season 7 to attend Sabrina 's wedding . Hilda 's magic takes the form of puffs of white smoke .
History of women in the United States
The most influential ERA opponent was Phyllis Schlafly , right - wing leader of the Eagle Forum / STOP ERA . She argues that the ERA would deny a woman 's right to be supported by her husband , privacy rights would be overturned , women would be sent into combat , and abortion rights and same - sex marriages would be upheld . Logo
Cousin marriage
In Roman Catholicism , all marriages more distant than first - cousin marriages are allowed , and first - cousin marriages can be contracted with a dispensation . This was not always the case , however : the Catholic Church has gone through several phases in kinship prohibitions . At the dawn of Christianity in Roman times , marriages between first cousins were allowed . For example , Emperor Constantine , the first Christian Roman Emperor , married his children to the children of his half - brother . First and second cousin marriages were then banned at the Council of Agde in AD 506 , though dispensations sometimes continued to be granted . By the 11th century , with the adoption of the so - called canon - law method of computing consanguinity , these proscriptions had been extended even to sixth cousins , including by marriage . But due to the many resulting difficulties in reckoning who was related to whom , they were relaxed back to third cousins at the Fourth Lateran Council in AD 1215 . Pope Benedict XV reduced this to second cousins in 1917 , and finally , the current law was enacted in 1983 . In Catholicism , close relatives who have married unwittingly without a dispensation can receive an annulment .
Sex offender
According to the Office of Justice Programs ( OJP ) of the United States Department of Justice , in New York state , the recidivism rate for sex offenders has been shown to be lower than any other crime except murder . Another report from the OJP which studied the recidivism of prisoners released in 1994 in 15 states ( accounting for two - thirds of all prisoners released in the United States that year ) reached the same conclusion .
Sex offender
The level of recidivism in sexual offenders is lower than is commonly believed . A 2002 study by the Office of Justice Programs ( OJP ) of the United States Department of Justice following 9,691 male sex offenders released from prisons in 15 US states in 1994 indicated that within the first 3 years following their release , rearrest and reconviction rates for new sex offenses were 5.3 and 3.5 percent , respectively ; that is , about 1 in 19 of released sex offenders were arrested within three years for another sex crime . The same study found that during the same 3 years from release , 68 percent of released non-sex offenders were re-arrested for any crime ( and 47.8 percent reconvicted ) , while 43 percent of the released sex offenders were rearrested for any crime ( and 24 percent reconvicted ) .
Jury trial
The voir dire system of examining the jury pool before selection is not permitted in Australia as it violates the privacy of jurors . Therefore , though it exists , the right to challenge for cause during jury selection can not be employed much . Peremptory challenges are usually based on the hunches of counsel and no reason is needed to use them . All Australian states allow for peremptory challenges in jury selection , however , the number of challenges granted to the counsels in each state are not all the same . Until 1987 New South Wales had twenty peremptory challenges for each side where the offence was murder , and eight for all other cases . In 1987 this was lowered to three peremptory challenges per side , the same amount allowed in South Australia . Eight peremptory challenges are allowed for both counsels for all offences in Queensland . Victoria , Tasmania and the Northern Territory allow for six . Western Australia allows five peremptory challenges per side . Majority
Taxation in the United States
Forty - three states and many localities in the U.S. impose an income tax on individuals . Forty - seventh states and many localities impose a tax on the income of corporations . Tax rates vary by state and locality , and may be fixed or graduated . Most rates are the same for all types of income . State and local income taxes are imposed in addition to federal income tax . State income tax is allowed as a deduction in computing federal income tax , subject to limitations for individuals .
Cousin marriage
Cousin marriage has often been chosen to keep cultural values intact , preserve family wealth , maintain geographic proximity , keep tradition , strengthen family ties , and maintain family structure or a closer relationship between the wife and her in - laws . Many such marriages are arranged ( see also pages on arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent , arranged marriages in Pakistan , and arranged marriages in Japan ) .
Samurai
Samurai had arranged marriages , which were arranged by a go - between of the same or higher rank . While for those samurai in the upper ranks this was a necessity ( as most had few opportunities to meet women ) , this was a formality for lower - ranked samurai . Most samurai married women from a samurai family , but for lower - ranked samurai , marriages with commoners were permitted . In these marriages a dowry was brought by the woman and was used to set up the couple 's new household .
History of women in the United States
Quakers were strong in Pennsylvania and New Jersey , and had developed equalitarian views of the role of women . They believed that all human beings , regardless of sex , had the same Inner light . Quakers were represented among the Founding Fathers by John Dickinson and Thomas Mifflin , although Mifflin was expelled by the Society of Friends because of his leadership role in the Continental Army .
Freedmen's Bureau
Under slavery , most marriages had been informal , as slaveholders refused to acknowledge slave marriages and they were not legally recognized , although planters often presided over marriage ceremonies for their slaves . After the war , the Freedmen 's Bureau performed numerous marriages for freed couples who asked for it . As many husbands and wives had been separated during wartime chaos , the Bureau agents helped families in their attempts to reunite after the war . The Bureau had an informal regional communications system that allowed agents to send inquiries and provide answers . It sometimes provided transportation to reunite families . Freedmen and freed women turned to the Bureau for assistance in resolving issues of abandonment and divorce .
Voting rights in the United States
The United States Constitution did not originally define who was eligible to vote , allowing each state to determine who was eligible . In the early history of the U.S. , most states allowed only white male adult property owners to vote . Freed slaves could vote in four states . Women were largely prohibited from voting , as were men without property . Women could vote in New Jersey until 1807 ( provided they could meet the property requirement ) and in some local jurisdictions in other northern states . Non-white Americans could also vote in these jurisdictions , provided they could meet the property requirement . By 1856 , white men were allowed to vote in all states regardless of property ownership , although requirements for paying tax remained in five states . On the other hand , several states , including Pennsylvania and New Jersey stripped the free black males of the right to vote in the same period .
Natural selection
Phenotypic traits can be displayed in one sex and desired in the other sex , causing a positive feedback loop called a Fisherian runaway , for example , the extravagant plumage of some male birds such as the peacock . An alternate theory proposed by the same Ronald Fisher in 1930 is the sexy son hypothesis , that mothers want promiscuous sons to give them large numbers of grandchildren and so choose promiscuous fathers for their children . Aggression between members of the same sex is sometimes associated with very distinctive features , such as the antlers of stags , which are used in combat with other stags . More generally , intrasexual selection is often associated with sexual dimorphism , including differences in body size between males and females of a species .
Millennials
Surveys of political attitudes among millennials in the United Kingdom have suggested increasingly social liberal views , as well as higher overall support for classical liberal economic policies than preceding generations . They are more likely to support same - sex marriage and the legalization of drugs . The Economist parallels this with millennials in the United States , whose attitudes are more supportive of social liberal policies and same - sex marriage relative to other demographics . They are also more likely to oppose animal testing for medical purposes than older generations . Pew Research described Millennials as `` the force of the youth vote '' and as part of the political conversation which helped elect the first U.S. black president , describing Millennials as between 12 and 27 during the 2008 U.S Presidential election .
Atom
The proton , the electron , and the neutron are classified as fermions . Fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle which prohibits identical fermions , such as multiple protons , from occupying the same quantum state at the same time . Thus , every proton in the nucleus must occupy a quantum state different from all other protons , and the same applies to all neutrons of the nucleus and to all electrons of the electron cloud . However , a proton and a neutron are allowed to occupy the same quantum state .
Norman conquest of England
An estimated 8000 Normans and other continentals settled in England as a result of the conquest , although exact figures can not be established . Some of these new residents intermarried with the native English , but the extent of this practice in the years immediately after Hastings is unclear . Several marriages are attested between Norman men and English women during the years before 1100 , but such marriages were uncommon . Most Normans continued to contract marriages with other Normans or other continental families rather than with the English . Within a century of the invasion , intermarriage between the native English and the Norman immigrants had become common . By the early 1160s , Ailred of Rievaulx was writing that intermarriage was common in all levels of society .
Millennials
Strauss & Howe 's book titled Millennials Rising : The Next Great Generation describes the Millennial generation as `` civic - minded '' , rejecting the attitudes of the Baby Boomers and Generation X . Since the 2000 U.S. Census , which allowed people to select more than one racial group , millennials in abundance have asserted the ideal that all their heritages should be respected , counted , and acknowledged . Millennials are the children of Baby Boomers or Generation X , while some older members may have parents from the Silent Generation . A 2013 poll in the United Kingdom found that Generation Y was more `` open - minded than their parents on controversial topics '' . Of those surveyed , nearly 75 % supported same - sex marriage .
Sex offender
A sex offender ( sexual offender , sex abuser , or sexual abuser ) is a person who has committed a sex crime . What constitutes a sex crime differs by culture and legal jurisdiction . Most jurisdictions compile their laws into sections , such as traffic , assault , and sexual . The majority of convicted sex offenders have convictions for crimes of a sexual nature ; however , some sex offenders have simply violated a law contained in a sexual category . Some of the crimes which usually result in a mandatory sex - offender classification are : a second prostitution conviction , sending or receiving obscene content in the form of SMS text messages ( sexting ) , and relationship between young adults and teenagers resulting in corruption of a minor ( if the age between them is greater than 1,060 days ) . If any sexual contact was made by the adult to the minor , then child molestation has occurred . Other serious offenses are sexual assault , statutory rape , bestiality , child sexual abuse , female genital mutilation , incest , rape , and sexual imposition . However , particularly sex offender registration laws in the United States , may also classify less serious offenses as sexual offenses requiring sex offender registration . In some states public urination , having sex on a beach , or unlawful imprisonment of a minor also constitute sexual offenses requiring registration .
Ben & Jerry's
`` Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough '' was temporarily renamed `` I Dough , I Dough '' in the United States during the summer of 2015 . This was in celebration of United States Supreme Court 's ruling in support of same - sex marriage . The proceeds from sales were to go to the Human Rights Campaign ( a nonprofit advocacy group for LGBT rights ) .
Testosterone
Men who produce more testosterone are more likely to engage in extramarital sex . Testosterone levels do not rely on physical presence of a partner ; testosterone levels of men engaging in same - city and long - distance relationships are similar . Physical presence may be required for women who are in relationships for the testosterone -- partner interaction , where same - city partnered women have lower testosterone levels than long - distance partnered women . Fatherhood
Caste system in India
Endogamy is very common in Muslims in the form of arranged consanguineous marriages among Muslims in India and Pakistan . Malik states that the lack of religious sanction makes qaum a quasi-caste , and something that is found in Islam outside South Asia .
Cousin marriage
Famous cousin marriages in the United States include Edgar Allan Poe , Franklin D. Roosevelt , Albert Einstein , and Jerry Lee Lewis .
Sex offender
In the United States , the United Kingdom , and other countries , a convicted sex offender is often required to register with the respective jurisdiction 's sex offender registry . In the U.S. , registry databases are often open to the public . Sexual offenders are sometimes classified by level . The highest - level offenders generally must register for their entire lives ; low - level offenders may only need to register for a period of time .
Child labour
Child labour laws in Australia differ from state to state . Generally , children are allowed to work at any age , but restrictions exist for children under 15 years of age . These restrictions apply to work hours and the type of work that children can perform . In all states , children are obliged to attend school until a minimum leaving age , 15 years of age in all states except Tasmania and Queensland where the leaving age is 17 .
Sex offender
In the United States , the Adam Walsh Act ( AWA ) proposed to provide funding to each jurisdiction which would agree to incorporate its Act into their law . In the few jurisdictions accepting the agreement , there are Tier I , Tier II , or Tier III sex offenders . Individuals convicted of petty crimes not covered by the AWA are still liable to abide by the previous regulations denoting them as a sex offender ( or habitual sex offender , sexual predator , sexually violent sexual predator , or child - victim offender ) .
Sex offender
A sex offender registry is a system in place in a number of jurisdictions designed to allow authorities to keep track of the residence and activity of sex offenders ( including those released from prison ) . In some jurisdictions ( especially in the United States ) , information in the registry is made available to the public via a website or other means . In many jurisdictions , registered sex offenders are subject to additional restrictions ( including housing ) . Those on parole ( or probation ) may be subject to restrictions not applicable to other parolees or probationers . These include restrictions on being in the presence of minors , living in proximity to a school or daycare center , or owning toys ( or other items of interest to minors ) . Israel 's sex offender registry is accessible only to security officials , rather than to the general public .
Cousin marriage
The Qur'an does not state that marriages between first cousins are forbidden . In Sura An - Nisa ( 4 : 22 -- 24 ) , Allah mentioned the women who are forbidden for marriage : to quote the Qu'ran , `` ... Lawful to you are all beyond those mentioned , so that you may seek them with your wealth in honest wedlock ... '' In Sura Al - Ahzab ( 33 : 50 ) ,
One-drop rule
Although racial segregation was adopted legally by southern states of the former Confederacy in the late 19th century , legislators resisted defining race by law as part of preventing interracial marriages . In 1895 in South Carolina during discussion , George D. Tillman said ,
Cousin marriage
In many North Indian communities such as Brahmins , Rajputs , Vaishyas , Jats , Yadavs , etc. , everyone who is immediately associated with four surnames -- own surname ( that is father 's surname ) , mother 's maiden surname , paternal grandmother 's maiden surname , maternal grandmother 's maiden surname -- falls outside the permissible marriage circle . These surnames are known as the candidate 's gotra ( lit . branch ) . Any two candidates who want to marry can not have a common gotra . The marriage is allowed only when all these shakha ( branches ) are different for both the candidates , so this automatically rules out closer cousin marriages . Cousin marriage is discouraged amongst Telugu Brahmins in Andhra Pradesh , such as Gauda and Dravida Brahmins .
Capital punishment in the United States
Various commentators predicted that the death penalty would likely have disappeared in the United States if Hillary Clinton had been elected U.S. President in November 2016 and allowed to appoint a liberal Supreme Court Justice to replace the late Antonin Scalia . Because Donald Trump won and citizens in three states voted the same day for ballot measures supporting capital punishment , columnists came to the conclusion that it will remain indefinitely .
Justice of the peace
In their role , JPs serve as visiting justices of Singapore prisons , mediators or referees in the subordinate courts . They may also solemnise marriages in the Registry of Marriages or perform the duties of the magistrate conferred on them by any written law .
Wonder Woman
Continuing her legacy as an influential feminist icon , in 2015 Wonder Woman became the first superhero to officiate a same - sex wedding in a comic series .
Declaration of nullity
Pope Francis , after Cardinal Quarracino , expressed worries over the fact that probably `` half of all marriages are null '' in the light of canon law . This observation was one of the reasons for calling an extraordinary synod of bishops on the family for October 2014 . Pope Francis later reformed the matrimonial nullity trial process in 2015 .
History of women in the United States
During the 1970s , feminists also worked to bring greater attention and help to women suffering from domestic violence and rape . Before the 1970s , very little help was available to battered women . In the 1970s , some of the first battered women 's shelters were created and states began adopting domestic violence laws providing for civil orders of protection and better police protection ( the first `` modern '' women 's shelter in the world was Haven House , which opened in 1964 in California ) . It is not true that either Catherine MacKinnon or Andrea Dworkin ( both feminist activists ) said `` all sex is rape '' , or `` all men are rapists , '' or `` all sex is sexual harassment '' , as has been rumored ; however , during the 1970s feminist activists worked to change laws stating that there had to be a witness other than the woman herself to charge a man with rape , and that a woman 's sexual history could be brought up at trial , while the alleged rapist 's could not . Also , due to feminist activism the first law against marital rape ( raping one 's spouse ) was enacted by South Dakota in 1975 . By 1993 , marital rape had become a crime in all 50 states in America .
Voting rights in the United States
Practices in the United States are in contrast to some European nations , such as Norway . Some nations allow prisoners to vote . Prisoners have been allowed to vote in Canada since 2002 .