vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Magick (Thelema)
There are several ways to view what Magick is . Again , at its most broad , it can be defined as any willed action leading to intended change . It can also be seen as the general set of methods used to accomplish the Great Work of mystical attainment . At the practical level , Magick most often takes several practices and forms of ritual , including banishing , invocation and evocation , eucharistic ritual , consecration and purification , astral travel , yoga , sex magic , and divination .
Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer uses a zone - based security framework that groups sites based on certain conditions , including whether it is an Internet - or intranet - based site as well as a user - editable whitelist . Security restrictions are applied per zone ; all the sites in a zone are subject to the restrictions .
George Takei
Takei and Altman appeared in a celebrity edition of The Newlywed Game TV show , which the GSN cable network aired October 13 , 2009 . They were the first same - sex couple to be featured on the show . Takei and Altman won the game , winning $10,000 for their charity , the Japanese American National Museum .
Naming in the United States
Diversity among American names also seems to be increasing . In the 1950s , most babies were given a few very common names with children using nicknames to distinguish the various people with the same name . In the decades since , the number of names being used has increased dramatically . It is also more common for minorities to use traditional cultural names for their children and for themselves that are obscure in America . It used to be common to choose names that were likely to fit in with the larger American culture . This applied to both given names and surnames . Research suggests that fewer immigrants change their names today upon moving to America than they once did . Princeton University sociologist Douglas Massey believes that immigrants felt less pressure to change their names `` during the 1970s and 1980s , as immigration became more a part of American life and the civil rights movement legitimated in - group pride as something to be cultivated '' .
Cuban Americans
Before the Louisiana Purchase and the Adams -- Onís Treaty of 1819 , Spanish Florida , and when divided during British occupation , East Florida and West Florida , including what is now Florida and the Gulf Coast west to the Mississippi River were provinces of the Captaincy General of Cuba ( Captain General being the Spanish title equivalent to the British colonial Governor ) . Consequently , Cuban immigration to the U.S. has a long history , beginning in the Spanish colonial period in 1565 when St. Augustine , Florida was established by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés , and hundreds of Spanish - Cuban soldiers and their families moved from Cuba to St. Augustine to establish a new life .
The Change-Up
Meanwhile , Dave and Sabrina are at a baseball game when a thunderstorm suddenly hits , and they decide to go to Mitch 's house to wait it out . Sabrina tells Dave that she is going to have sex with him , and takes off her pants and bra , but when they begin , he notices a tattoo of a many - spotted skipperling on her hip , the same type of butterfly his daughter said was her favorite , and regretfully leaves , saying he wants to go home .
History of education in the United States
Following waves of German Catholic immigration after the 1848 revolutions , and after the end of the Civil War , both Catholics and Missouri Synod Lutherans began to set up their own German - language parochial schools , especially in cities of heavy German immigration : such as Cincinnati , St. Louis , Chicago and Milwaukee , as well as rural areas heavily settled by Germans . The Amish , a small religious sect speaking German , are opposed to schooling past the elementary level . They see it as unnecessary , as dangerous to preservation of their faith , and as beyond the purview of government .
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
Under current law , workers must make at least $12,550 to receive any portion of the credit . The change eliminates the floor , meaning more workers who pay no federal income taxes could receive checks . Senate -- Sets a new income threshold of $8,100 to receive any portion of the credit , reducing the cost to $7.5 billion . Conference -- The income floor for refunds was set at $3,000 for 2009 & 2010 . Expanded earned income tax credit House -- $4.7 billion to increase the earned income tax credit -- which provides money to low income workers -- for families with at least three children . Senate -- Same . Expanded college credit House -- $13.7 billion to provide a $2,500 expanded tax credit for college tuition and related expenses for 2009 and 2010 . The credit is phased out for couples making more than $160,000 . Senate -- Reduces the amount that can be refunded to low - income families that pay no income taxes , lowering the cost to $13 billion . Homebuyer credit House -- $2.6 billion to repeal a requirement that a $7,500 first - time homebuyer tax credit be paid back over time for homes purchased from Jan 1 to July 1 , unless the home is sold within three years . The credit is phased out for couples making more than $150,000 . Senate -- Doubles the credit to $15,000 for homes purchased for a year after the bill takes effect , increasing the cost to $35.5 billion . Conference -- $8,000 credit for all homes bought between 1 / 1 / 2009 and 12 / 1 / 2009 and repayment provision repealed for homes purchased in 2009 and held more than three years . Home energy credit House -- $4.3 billion to provide an expanded credit to homeowners who make their homes more energy - efficient in 2009 and 2010 . Homeowners could recoup 30 percent of the cost up to $1,500 of numerous projects , such as installing energy - efficient windows , doors , furnaces and air conditioners . Senate -- Same . Conference -- Same . Unemployment House -- No similar provision .
Federal Reserve System
The GAO has authority to audit check - processing , currency storage and shipments , and some regulatory and bank examination functions , however , there are restrictions to what the GAO may audit . Under the Federal Banking Agency Audit Act , 31 U.S.C. section 714 ( b ) , audits of the Federal Reserve Board and Federal Reserve banks do not include ( 1 ) transactions for or with a foreign central bank or government or non-private international financing organization ; ( 2 ) deliberations , decisions , or actions on monetary policy matters ; ( 3 ) transactions made under the direction of the Federal Open Market Committee ; or ( 4 ) a part of a discussion or communication among or between members of the Board of Governors and officers and employees of the Federal Reserve System related to items ( 1 ) , ( 2 ) , or ( 3 ) . See Federal Reserve System Audits : Restrictions on GAO 's Access ( GAO / T - GGD - 94 - 44 ) , statement of Charles A. Bowsher .
The Thinning
Blake causes a power outage in the school , allowing Laina to escape while the school goes under lockdown . News about the events spreads that parents have no information about what has happened to their students . Because of this , Dean Redding has to reassure to the parents that their students are safe . After using a key card given to her by her teacher , Laina meets up with Blake and they explore through the vents to avoid the guards . Blake , disguised as a guard , leaves Laina to go to the Thinning while Laina goes to the server room to check the scores . To her horror , she finds out that test procedures are rigged and have resulted in the wrongful deaths of many students with passing scores , including Ellie . Mason King and the DPC track Laina down to the server room , apprehend her , and then return her to the Thinning . The teacher that had sex with Sarah is also executed for giving Laina his keycard , but Ms. Birch , Laina 's teacher had actually given her key to Laina and stolen his .
Differential (mechanical device)
When used in this way , a differential couples the longitudinal input shaft ( or prop shaft ) to the pinion , which in turn drives the transverse ring gear of the differential . This also works as reduction gearing . On rear wheel drive vehicles the differential may connect to half - shafts inside an axle housing , or drive shafts that connect to the rear driving wheels . Front wheel drive vehicles tend to have the engine crankshaft and the gearbox shafts transverse , and with the pinion on the end of the main - shaft of the gearbox and the differential enclosed in the same housing as the gearbox . There are individual drive - shafts to each wheel . A differential consists of one input , the drive shaft , and two outputs which are the two drive wheels , however the rotation of the drive wheels are coupled to each other by their connection to the roadway . Under normal conditions , with small tire slip , the ratio of the speeds of the two driving wheels is defined by the ratio of the radii of the paths around which the two wheels are rolling , which in turn is determined by the track - width of the vehicle ( the distance between the driving wheels ) and the radius of the turn .
Copy editing
Professionals feared that the introduction of digital editing software would put an end to copyediting careers . Copy editors are still employed and needed for heavy editing , such as fact - checking and content organization , which software is not yet able to do . With grammar software and journalists that can edit , copy editors are seen as a luxury in publishing . The potential for a company to use editing software may also require the copy editor to only perform heavy editing and querying . Though the steps for copyediting are the same , the execution is what has been changed due to the introduction of digital environments .
Embassy of the United States, Tehran
When diplomatic relations were broken , the United States appointed Switzerland to be its protecting power in Iran . Informal relations are carried out through the United States Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy . Services for American citizens are limited . The section is not authorized to perform any U.S. visa / green card / immigration - related services .
Sanctuary city
Following the passage of Arizona SB 1070 , a state law , few if any cities in Arizona are `` sanctuary cities . '' A provision of SB 1070 requires local authorities to `` contact federal immigration authorities if they develop reasonable suspicion that a person they 've detained or arrested is in the country illegally . '' The Center for Immigration Studies , which advocates restrictive immigration policies , labels only one city in the state , South Tucson , a `` sanctuary city '' ; the label is because South Tucson does not honor ICE detainers `` unless ICE pays for cost of detention '' . California
History of immigration to the United States
Congress passed a literacy requirement in 1917 to curb the influx of low - skilled immigrants from entering the country .
Statue of Liberty
In 1956 , an Act of Congress officially renamed Bedloe 's Island as Liberty Island , a change advocated by Bartholdi generations earlier . The act also mentioned the efforts to found an American Museum of Immigration on the island , which backers took as federal approval of the project , though the government was slow to grant funds for it . Nearby Ellis Island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument by proclamation of President Lyndon Johnson in 1965 . In 1972 , the immigration museum , in the statue 's base , was finally opened in a ceremony led by President Richard Nixon . The museum 's backers never provided it with an endowment to secure its future and it closed in 1991 after the opening of an immigration museum on Ellis Island . September
Birth control in the United States
In 1965 , the Supreme Court ruled in Griswold v. Connecticut that it was unconstitutional for the government to prohibit married couples from using birth control .
Gun laws in California
Prior to January 1 , 2012 , it was legal to openly carry an unloaded handgun in public . In October 2011 , Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill that modifies the law on openly carrying an unloaded firearm to match the restrictions for openly carrying a loaded weapon . Legislation was later signed by Governor Brown to expand these restrictions to long guns and shotguns , except while hunting .
Sinking of the RMS Titanic
Few passengers at first were willing to board the lifeboats and the officers in charge of the evacuation found it difficult to persuade them . The millionaire John Jacob Astor declared : `` We are safer here than in that little boat . '' Some passengers refused flatly to embark . J. Bruce Ismay , realising the urgency of the situation , roamed the starboard boat deck urging passengers and crew to board the boats . A trickle of women , couples and single men were persuaded to board starboard lifeboat No. 7 , which became the first lifeboat to be lowered .
United States embargo against Cuba
Following the Cuban Missile Crisis ( October 1962 ) , Kennedy imposed travel restrictions on February 8 , 1963 , and the Cuban Assets Control Regulations were issued on July 8 , 1963 , again under the Trading with the Enemy Act in response to Cubans hosting Soviet nuclear weapons . Under these restrictions , Cuban assets in the U.S. were frozen and the existing restrictions were consolidated .
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Immigration to the DRC has decreased steadily over the past two decades , most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced . According to the International Organization for Migration , the number of immigrants in the DRC has fallen from just over 1 million in 1960 , to 754,000 in 1990 , to 480,000 in 2005 , to an estimated 445,000 in 2010 . Official figures are unavailable , partly due to the predominance of the informal economy in the DRC . Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants , however given neighbouring countries ' ethnic links to DRC nationals , irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon .
History of women in the United States
Birth control activism was an important cause in the 1930s . In 1936 Margaret Sanger helped bring the case of `` United States v. One Package '' to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals . The decision in that case allowed physicians to legally mail birth control devices and information ; however , it applied only to New York , Connecticut , and Vermont ; birth control did not become legal for married couples throughout the United States until the 1965 Supreme Court decision Griswold v. Connecticut , and did not become legal for unmarried couples throughout the United States until the 1972 Supreme Court decision Eisenstadt v. Baird . In 1937 The American Medical Association officially recognized birth control as an integral part of medical practice and education , and North Carolina became the first state to recognize birth control as a public health measure and to provide contraceptive services to indigent mothers through its public health program .
United States antitrust law
First , since the Clayton Act 1914 § 6 , there is no application of antitrust laws to agreements between employees to form or act in labor unions . This was seen as the `` Bill of Rights '' for labor , as the Act laid down that the `` labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce '' . The purpose was to ensure that employees with unequal bargaining power were not prevented from combining in the same way that their employers could combine in corporations , subject to the restrictions on mergers that the Clayton Act set out . However , sufficiently autonomous workers , such as professional sports players have been held to fall within antitrust provisions .
Fair trade
The Fairtrade Foundation does not monitor how much extra retailers charge for Fairtrade goods , so it is rarely possible to determine how much extra is charged or how much reaches the producers , in spite of the Unfair Trading legislation . In four cases it has been possible to find out . One British café chain was passing on less than one percent of the extra charged to the exporting cooperative ; in Finland , Valkila , Haaparanta and Niemi found that consumers paid much more for Fairtrade , and that only 11.5 % reached the exporter . Kilian , Jones , Pratt and Villalobos talk of US Fairtrade coffee getting $5 per lb extra at retail , of which the exporter would have received only 2 % . Mendoza and Bastiaensen calculated that in the UK only 1.6 % to 18 % of the extra charged for one product line reached the farmer . All these studies assume that the importers paid the full Fairtrade price , which is not necessarily the case . Less
Dan Humphrey
Meanwhile , in Brooklyn , Dan is still trying to stop the publishing of his book , in order to save the relationship he has built with his closest friends and family . He calls Serena on the phone and asks her how she went through Lily 's bank account so that he can go to Vanessa 's bank and look for the publisher , but she tells him that it was all Chuck 's doing , driving him to go searching for Chuck . To his horror , he finds Chuck getting beat up by men . He attempts to save Chuck , when he reveals that the men were not real criminals and he paid them to hurt him , much to Dan 's astonishment . This leads Dan to search for Blair and inform her about Chuck 's recent dilemma .
Tea culture
In China , at least as early as the Tang Dynasty , tea was an object of connoisseurship ; in the Song Dynasty formal tea - tasting parties were held , comparable to modern wine tastings . As much as in modern wine tastings , the proper vessel was important and much attention was paid to matching the tea to an aesthetically appealing serving vessel .
Spanish Inquisition
It is unknown exactly how much wealth was confiscated from converted Jews and others tried by the Inquisition . Wealth confiscated in one year of persecution in the small town of Guadaloupe paid the costs of building a royal residence . There are numerous records of the opinion of ordinary Spaniards of the time that `` the Inquisition was devised simply to rob people '' . `` They were burnt only for the money they had '' , a resident of Cuenca averred . `` They burn only the well - off '' , said another . In 1504 an accused stated , `` only the rich were burnt '' . In 1484 Catalina de Zamora was accused of asserting that `` this Inquisition that the fathers are carrying out is as much for taking property from the conversos as for defending the faith . It is the goods that are the heretics . '' This saying passed into common usage in Spain . In 1524 a treasurer informed Charles V that his predecessor had received ten million ducats from the conversos , but the figure is unverified . In 1592 an inquisitor admitted that most of the fifty women he arrested were rich . In 1676 , the Suprema claimed it had confiscated over 700,000 ducats for the royal treasury ( which was paid money only after the Inquisition 's own budget , amounting in one known case to only 5 % ) . The property on Mallorca alone in 1678 was worth `` well over 2,500,000 ducats '' .
Quakers
In programmed worship there is often a prepared Biblical message , which may be delivered by an individual with theological training from a Bible College . There may be hymns , a sermon , Bible readings , joint prayers and a period of silent worship . The worship resembles the church services of other Protestant denominations , although in most cases does not include any Eucharist service . A paid pastor may be responsible for pastoral care . Worship of this kind is celebrated by about 89 % of Friends worldwide . It is found in many Yearly Meetings in Africa , Asia and parts of the US ( central and southern ) , and is common in programmed meetings affiliated to Friends United Meeting , ( who make up around 49 % of worldwide membership ) , and evangelical meetings , including those affiliated to Evangelical Friends International , ( who make up at least 40 % of Friends worldwide ) . The religious event is sometimes called a Quaker meeting for worship or sometimes called a Friends church service . This religious tradition arose among Friends in the United States , in the 19th century , and in response to the many converts to Christian Quakerism during the national spiritual revival of the time . Friends meetings in Africa and Latin America were generally started by Orthodox Friends from programmed elements of the Society , therefore most African and Latin American Friends worship in a programmed style .
Actor
From 1894 to the late 1920s , movies were silent films . Silent film actors emphasized body language and facial expression , so that the audience could better understand what an actor was feeling and portraying on screen . Much silent film acting is apt to strike modern - day audiences as simplistic or campy . The melodramatic acting style was in some cases a habit actors transferred from their former stage experience . Vaudeville theatre was an especially popular origin for many American silent film actors . The pervading presence of stage actors in film was the cause of this outburst from director Marshall Neilan in 1917 : `` The sooner the stage people who have come into pictures get out , the better for the pictures . '' In other cases , directors such as John Griffith Wray required their actors to deliver larger - than - life expressions for emphasis . As early as 1914 , American viewers had begun to make known their preference for greater naturalness on screen .
Deadpool (film)
Reese and Wernick were on set every day , which Reynolds personally paid for after Fox was unwilling to . The writers had scripted the action very specifically , `` every kill and almost down to every punch , kick , or shot '' , but Tim Miller and the stunt coordinators were free to change this . Robert Alonzo and Philip J. Silvera were the stunt coordinators for the film ; Silvera had provided motion capture reference for the test footage . The stunt team had a month before filming began to prepare the actors , with Skrein working `` nonstop '' to prepare . Silvera said Reynolds `` has a photographic memory ; he 'd do something three or four times and remember it very well . '' A lot of the jokes in the film were improvised on set , particularly by Reynolds . He said that the actors often came up with around 15 alternate jokes for each one written in the script , and were generally only limited to those because of time constraints . Reese said , for example , Wernick had written some jokes for the scene where Deadpool visits Colossus and Negasonic , but on set Reynolds improvised the line `` You know it 's funny how I only see the two of you here . It 's like the studio could n't afford any more X-Men . '' This was based in truth , and became then Fox chairman Jim Gianopulos ' favorite line .
History of Catholic education in the United States
A major transition took place in the 1970s as most of the teaching nuns left their orders . Many schools closed , others replaced the nuns with much better paid lay teachers and started charging higher tuition .
Mesopotamia
In Seleucid and Parthian times , the astronomical reports were thoroughly scientific ; how much earlier their advanced knowledge and methods were developed is uncertain . The Babylonian development of methods for predicting the motions of the planets is considered to be a major episode in the history of astronomy .