vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Jazz Age
The Jazz Age was a period in the 1920s and 1930s in which jazz music and dance styles rapidly gained nationwide popularity . The Jazz Age 's cultural repercussions were primarily felt in the United States , the birthplace of jazz . Originating in New Orleans as a fusion of African and European music , jazz played a significant part in wider cultural changes in this period , and its influence on pop culture continued long afterwards . The Jazz Age is often referred to in conjunction with the Roaring Twenties . American author F. Scott Fitzgerald is widely credited with coining the term , first using it in the title of his 1922 short story collection , Tales of the Jazz Age .
List of alcohol laws of the United States
Unlike on the mainland , the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands have a minimum purchase and drinking age of 18 . The minimum purchase age is 21 in the Northern Mariana Islands , Guam , American Samoa , and US Minor Outlying Islands .
Salt Lake City
The median age is 30 years . For every 100 females there are 102.6 males . For every 100 females age 18 and over , there are 101.2 males . The median income for a household in the city is $36,944 , and the median income for a family is $45,140 . Males have a median income of $31,511 versus $26,403 for females . The per capita income for the city is $20,752. 15.3 % of the population and 10.4 % of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population , 18.7 % of those under the age of 18 and 8.5 % of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line .
Iliad
The historical backdrop of the poem is the time of the Late Bronze Age collapse , in the early 12th century BC . Homer is thus separated from his subject matter by about 400 years , the period known as the Greek Dark Ages . Intense scholarly debate has surrounded the question of which portions of the poem preserve genuine traditions from the Mycenaean period . The Catalogue of Ships in particular has the striking feature that its geography does not portray Greece in the Iron Age , the time of Homer , but as it was before the Dorian invasion .
Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
Most states in the U.S. regulate the use of alcohol by those under the age of 21 . Many believe that anyone under the age of twenty - one can not consume alcohol in the United States . However , this is incorrect because underage drinking is allowed in 31 states with parental consent and 17 states with spousal consent , if the consenting spouse is over 21 . Although the state laws pertaining to drinking by minors ( defined as those under the age of 18 ) are presumptively constitutional , as valid exercises of the police power , to protect public health , welfare , and morals , there exists a question of whether laws forbidding the consumption of alcohol by those 18 to 20 years of age are Constitutional , as such individuals are considered legal adults for all intents and purposes other than that of consuming alcohol and running for certain State and Federal offices , such as the Presidency of the United States , which is restricted for those 35 years of age and older . Under the Constitution of the United States , Amendment 14 , Section 1 , `` No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any State deprive any person of life , liberty , or property , without due process of law ; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws '' . Many parallel State constitutional provisions similar to those contained in the 14th Amendment exist , and State constitutions often have explicit prohibitions against age discrimination , as well .
Transformers: The Last Knight
Frank Welker voices Megatron , the reborn leader of the Decepticons , who possessed a KSI Drone in Age of Extinction and transforms into a Cybertronian jet . John DiMaggio voices Nitro Zeus , a Decepticon hunter who transforms into an JAS 39 Gripen Fighter Jet . In alternate cuts of the film , Steven Barr voices Nitro Zeus . Jess Harnell voices Barricade , a Decepticon scout who survived the Chicago War in Dark of the Moon . He transforms into a 2016 Ford Mustang police car , featuring a new robot mode . Reno Wilson voices Mohawk , a Decepticon foot soldier who transforms into a Confederate P51 Combat Fighter Motorcycle . Dreadbot , a Decepticon thug who transforms into a rusty Volkswagen Type 2 .
List of rulers of Númenor
In year 32 of the Second Age Elros became the first King of Númenor , taking the Quenya name Tar - Minyatur , meaning `` High First - ruler '' . This was the convention by which most succeeding kings of Númenor took their royal title . He was the heir to the lordship of all three of the houses of the Edain , whose remnants formed the population of Númenor . As such , he and his descendants possessed heirlooms from great heroes and lords of the First Age : the Ring of Barahir , the Axe of Tuor , the Bow of Bregor , and Aranrúth , the sword of Thingol . He ruled for 410 years until he voluntarily abdicated the throne as well as his life in S.A. 442 , at age 500 .
Book of Revelation
Although the acceptance of Revelation into the canon has from the beginning been controversial , it has been essentially similar to the career of other texts . The eventual exclusion of other contemporary apocalyptic literature from the canon may throw light on the unfolding historical processes of what was officially considered orthodox , what was heterodox , and what was even heretical . Interpretation of meanings and imagery are anchored in what the historical author intended and what his contemporary audience inferred ; a message to Christians not to assimilate into the Roman imperial culture was John 's central message . Thus , his letter ( written in the apocalyptic genre ) is pastoral in nature ( its purpose is offering hope to the downtrodden ) , and the symbolism of Revelation is to be understood entirely within its historical , literary , and social context . Critics study the conventions of apocalyptic literature and events of the 1st century to make sense of what the author may have intended .
Red fox
The grays furnished more fun , the reds more excitement . The grays did not run so far , but usually kept near home , going in a circuit of six or eight miles . ' An old red , generally so called irrespective of age , as a tribute to his prowess , might lead the dogs all day , and end by losing them as evening fell , after taking them a dead stretch for thirty miles . The capture of a gray was what men boasted of ; a chase after ' an old red ' was what they ' yarned ' about . --
Cigarette
Similar laws exist in many other countries . In Canada , most of the provinces require smokers to be 19 years of age to purchase cigarettes ( except for Quebec and the prairie provinces , where the age is 18 ) . However , the minimum age only concerns the purchase of tobacco , not use . Alberta , however , does have a law which prohibits the possession or use of tobacco products by all persons under 18 , punishable by a $100 fine . Australia , New Zealand , Poland , and Pakistan have a nationwide ban on the selling of all tobacco products to people under the age of 18 . Tabak
Bay of Plenty
In the 2006 Census , the total resident population of the Bay of Plenty region was 257,379 , an increase of 7.5 % from 2001 . The Bay of Plenty is the fifth-most populous region in New Zealand , accounting for 6.4 % of the national population . The regional population is projected to increase to 277,900 by the year 2011 . The median age in the Bay of Plenty was 37.2 years ; 23.0 % of the population were under 15 years of age , while 14.8 % of people were aged 65 years or over . The male - to - female ratio was 0.94 .
Seattle Seahawks
As of 2009 , the Seahawks ' flagship station is KIRO ( AM ) 710 kHz -- KIRO - FM 97.3 MHz . Games are heard on 47 stations in five western states and Canada . Microsoft holds naming rights for the broadcasts for their web search engine under the moniker of the `` Bing Radio Network '' . The current announcers are former Seahawks players Steve Raible ( who was the team 's color commentator from 1982 to 2003 ) and Warren Moon . The Raible - Moon regular season pairing has been together since 2004 ( during the preseason Moon works for the local television broadcast so the color commentary is split between former Seahawks Paul Moyer , Sam Adkins , and Brock Huard ) . Pete Gross , who called the games from 1976 until just days before his death from cancer in 1992 , is a member of the team 's Ring of Honor . Other past announcers include Steve Thomas from 1992 to 1997 , Lee Hamilton ( also known as `` Hacksaw '' ) from 1998 to 1999 , and Brian Davis from 2000 to 2003 .
History of calendars
The term calendar itself is taken from the calends , the term for the first day of the month in the Roman calendar , related to the verb calare `` to call out '' , referring to the calling or the announcement that the new moon was just seen . Latin calendarium meant `` account book , register '' , as accounts were settled and debts were collected on the calends of each month .
Islamic Golden Age
The metaphor of a golden age began to be applied in 19th - century literature about Islamic history , in the context of the western aesthetic fashion known as Orientalism . The author of a Handbook for Travelers in Syria and Palestine in 1868 observed that the most beautiful mosques of Damascus were `` like Mohammedanism itself , now rapidly decaying '' and relics of `` the golden age of Islam '' .
Maharashtrian cuisine
As part of Holi , a festival that is celebrated on the full moon evening in the month of Falgun ( March or April ) , a bonfire is lit to symbolize the end of winter and the slaying of a demon in Hindu mythology . People make puran poli as a ritual offering to the holy fire . The day after the bonfire night is called Dhulivandan . Marathi people celebrate with colors on the fifth day after the bonfire on Rangpanchami .
Rings of Power
Tolkien 's essay `` Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age '' in The Silmarillion gives the background of the making of the rings . At the end of the First Age , Sauron evaded the call of the Valar to surrender , and fled to Middle - earth . Midway through the Second Age he came in disguise as Annatar ( `` Lord of Gifts '' ) to the Elven - smiths of Eregion , who were led by Celebrimbor , and taught them the craft of forging magic rings . Tolkien writes that the Elves made many lesser rings as essays in the craft , but eventually with Sauron 's assistance they forged the Seven and the Nine . The Three were made by Celebrimbor himself without Sauron 's assistance ; they remained unsullied by his touch .
The Red Badge of Courage
The novel is known for its distinctive style , which includes realistic battle sequences as well as the repeated use of color imagery , and ironic tone . Separating itself from a traditional war narrative , Crane 's story reflects the inner experience of its protagonist ( a soldier fleeing from combat ) rather than the external world around him . Also notable for its use of what Crane called a `` psychological portrayal of fear '' , the novel 's allegorical and symbolic qualities are often debated by critics . Several of the themes that the story explores are maturation , heroism , cowardice , and the indifference of nature . The Red Badge of Courage garnered widespread acclaim , what H.G. Wells called `` an orgy of praise '' , shortly after its publication , making Crane an instant celebrity at the age of twenty - four . The novel and its author did have their initial detractors , however , including author and veteran Ambrose Bierce . Adapted several times for the screen , the novel became a bestseller . It has never been out of print and is now thought to be Crane 's most important work and a major American text .
Gambler's fallacy
It does appear , however , that an individual 's susceptibility to the gambler 's fallacy decreases with age . Fischbein and Schnarch ( 1997 ) administered a questionnaire to five groups : students in grades 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , and college students specializing in teaching mathematics . None of the participants had received any prior education regarding probability . The question was , `` Ronni flipped a coin three times and in all cases heads came up . Ronni intends to flip the coin again . What is the chance of getting heads the fourth time ? '' The results indicated that as the older the students got , the less likely they were to answer with `` smaller than the chance of getting tails '' , which would indicate a negative recency effect . 35 % of the 5th graders , 35 % of the 7th graders , and 20 % of the 9th graders exhibited the negative recency effect . Only 10 % of the 11th graders answered this way , however , and none of the college students did . Fischbein and Schnarch therefore theorized that an individual 's tendency to rely on the representativeness heuristic and other cognitive biases can be overcome with age .
Gilded Age
The term `` Gilded Age '' for the period of economic boom after the American Civil War up to the turn of the century was applied to the era by historians in the 1920s , who took the term from one of Mark Twain 's lesser known novels , The Gilded Age : A Tale of Today ( 1873 ) . The book ( co-written with Charles Dudley Warner ) satirized the promised ' golden age ' after the Civil War , portrayed as an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding of economic expansion . In the 1920s and 30s `` Gilded Age '' became a designated period in American history . The term was adopted by literary and cultural critics as well as historians , including Van Wyck Brooks , Lewis Mumford , Charles Austin Beard , Mary Ritter Beard , Vernon Louis Parrington and Matthew Josephson . For them , `` Gilded Age '' was a pejorative term used to describe a time of materialistic excesses combined with extreme poverty .
The Bronx
The age distribution of the population in the Bronx was as follows : 29.8 % under the age of 18 , 10.6 % from 18 to 24 , 30.7 % from 25 to 44 , 18.8 % from 45 to 64 , and 10.1 % 65 years of age or older . The median age was 31 years . For every 100 females , there were 87.0 males .
Alcohol laws of Australia
In South Australia , the main legislation which controls the sale and consumption of alcohol is the Liquor Licensing Act 1997 ( SA ) . The principal aim of the Act is to minimise the harm associated with the consumption of alcohol in South Australia . The drinking age was lowered from 21 to 20 in 1968 and by 1971 South Australia had a drinking age of 18 . Between 1836 and 1839 , liquor licences were granted by the Governor .
Humanism
Davies identifies Paine 's The Age of Reason as `` the link between the two major narratives of what Jean - François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation '' : the rationalism of the 18th - century Philosophes and the radical , historically based German 19th - century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians David Friedrich Strauss and Ludwig Feuerbach . `` The first is political , largely French in inspiration , and projects ' humanity as the hero of liberty ' . The second is philosophical , German , seeks the totality and autonomy of knowledge , and stresses understanding rather than freedom as the key to human fulfilment and emancipation . The two themes converged and competed in complex ways in the 19th century and beyond , and between them set the boundaries of its various humanisms . Homo homini deus est ( '' The human being is a god to humanity '' or `` god is nothing ( other than ) the human being to himself '' ) , Feuerbach had written .
Sarah
Sarah , who died at the age of 127 , is the only woman in the Hebrew scriptures ( Old Testament ) whose age is given . Abraham buried her in the Cave of the Patriarchs ( also called the Cave of Machpelah ) , near Hebron which he had purchased , along with the adjoining field , from Ephron the Hittite and laid her to rest in the cave .
Medicare (United States)
A number of different plans have been introduced that would raise the age of Medicare eligibility . Some have argued that , as the population ages and the ratio of workers to retirees increases , programs for the elderly need to be reduced . Since the age at which Americans can retire with full Social Security benefits is rising to 67 , it is argued that the age of eligibility for Medicare should rise with it ( though people can begin receiving reduced Social Security benefits as early as age 62 ) .
Dutch East India Company
More information : Maritime history of the Dutch East India Company ; Dutch Republic in the Age of Discovery ; Cartography in the Dutch Republic ; Golden Age of Dutch cartography / Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography Regions
Alcohol laws of Australia
Alcohol laws of Australia are laws that regulate the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages . The legal drinking age is 18 throughout Australia . The minimum age for the purchase of alcoholic products in Australia is 18 . A licence to both produce and sell alcohol is required .
Boise, Idaho
The median age in the city was 35 . 23 % of residents were under the age of 18 ; 11 % were between the ages of 18 and 24 ; 29 % were from 25 to 44 ; 26 % were from 45 to 64 ; and 11 % were 65 years of age or older . The gender makeup of the city was 49 % men and 51 % women .
Prime Minister of India
be a citizen of India . be a member of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha . If the person chosen as the prime minister is neither a member of the Lok Sabha nor the Rajya Sabha at the time of selection , they must become a member of either of the houses within six months . be above 25 years of age if they are a member of Lok Sabha or above 30 years of age if they are a member of the Rajya Sabha . not hold any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the said Governments .
Rabbit
In Aztec mythology , a pantheon of four hundred rabbit gods known as Centzon Totochtin , led by Ometotchtli or Two Rabbit , represented fertility , parties , and drunkenness . In Central Africa , the common hare ( Kalulu ) , is `` inevitably described '' as a trickster figure . In Chinese folklore , rabbits accompany Chang'e on the Moon . In the Chinese New Year , the zodiacal rabbit is one of the twelve celestial animals in the Chinese zodiac . Note that the Vietnamese zodiac includes a zodiacal cat in place of the rabbit , possibly because rabbits did not inhabit Vietnam . The most common explanation , however , is that the ancient Vietnamese word for `` rabbit '' ( mao ) sounds like the Chinese word for `` cat '' ( 卯 , mao ) . In Japanese tradition , rabbits live on the Moon where they make mochi , the popular snack of mashed sticky rice . This comes from interpreting the pattern of dark patches on the moon as a rabbit standing on tiptoes on the left pounding on an usu , a Japanese mortar . In Jewish folklore , rabbits ( shfanim שפנים ) are associated with cowardice , a usage still current in contemporary Israeli spoken Hebrew ( similar to the English colloquial use of `` chicken '' to denote cowardice ) . In Korean mythology , as in Japanese , rabbits live on the moon making rice cakes ( `` Tteok '' in Korean ) . In Anishinaabe traditional beliefs , held by the Ojibwe and some other Native American peoples , Nanabozho , or Great Rabbit , is an important deity related to the creation of the world . A Vietnamese mythological story portrays the rabbit of innocence and youthfulness . The Gods of the myth are shown to be hunting and killing rabbits to show off their power . Buddhism , Christianity , and Judaism have associations with an ancient circular motif called the three rabbits ( or `` three hares '' ) . Its meaning ranges from `` peace and tranquility '' , to purity or the Holy Trinity , to Kabbalistic levels of the soul or to the Jewish diaspora . The tripartite symbol also appears in heraldry and even tattoos .
United States free speech exceptions
The exception for child pornography is distinct from the obscenity exception in a few ways . Firstly , the rule is much more specific to what falls under the exception . Secondly , it is irrelevant whether any part of the speech meets the Miller test ; if it is classified under the child pornography exception at all , it becomes unprotected . The rule provides that speech is unprotected if it ( 1 ) `` visually depicts '' children below the age of majority ( 2 ) `` performing sexual acts or lewdly exhibiting their genitals '' . Unlike the rules for simple obscenity , private possession of child pornography `` may be outlawed '' .
Brave New World
After the Age of Utopias came what we may call the American Age , lasting as long as the Boom . Men like Ford or Mond seemed to many to have solved the social riddle and made capitalism the common good . But it was not native to us ; it went with a buoyant , not to say blatant optimism , which is not our negligent or negative optimism . Much more than Victorian righteousness , or even Victorian self - righteousness , that optimism has driven people into pessimism . For the Slump brought even more disillusionment than the War . A new bitterness , and a new bewilderment , ran through all social life , and was reflected in all literature and art . It was contemptuous , not only of the old Capitalism , but of the old Socialism . Brave New World is more of a revolution against Utopia than against Victoria .
Islamic Golden Age
The various Quranic injunctions and Hadith , which place values on education and emphasize the importance of acquiring knowledge , played a vital role in influencing the Muslims of this age in their search for knowledge and the development of the body of science .
Dubuque, Iowa
The median age in the city was 38 years . 21.4 % of residents were under the age of 18 ; 13 % were between the ages of 18 and 24 ; 23.3 % were from 25 to 44 ; 25.9 % were from 45 to 64 ; and 16.5 % were 65 years of age or older . The gender makeup of the city was 48.4 % male and 51.6 % female .
Barberton, Ohio
The median age in the city was 39.8 years . 23.5 % of residents were under the age of 18 ; 8.2 % were between the ages of 18 and 24 ; 24.8 % were from 25 to 44 ; 27.1 % were from 45 to 64 ; and 16.5 % were 65 years of age or older . The gender makeup of the city was 47.9 % male and 52.1 % female .
Bemidji, Minnesota
The median age in the city was 27.1 years . 19.4 % of residents were under the age of 18 ; 26.7 % were between the ages of 18 and 24 ; 21.6 % were from 25 to 44 ; 17.5 % were from 45 to 64 ; and 14.8 % were 65 years of age or older . The gender makeup of the city was 47.7 % male and 52.3 % female .
Golden Horde
Güyük died on the way , in what is now Xinjiang , at about the age of forty - two . Although some modern historians believe that he died of natural causes because of deteriorating health , he may have succumbed to the combined effects of alcoholism and gout , or he may have been poisoned . William of Rubruck and a Muslim chronicler state that Batu killed the imperial envoy , and one of his brothers murdered the Great Khan Güyük , but these claims are not completely corroborated by other major sources . Güyük 's widow Oghul Qaimish took over as regent , but she would be unable to keep the succession within her branch of the family . 14th
Venezuela
As of 2008 , a further 600,000 soldiers were incorporated into a new branch , known as the Armed Reserve . The President of Venezuela is the commander - in - chief of the national armed forces . The main roles of the armed forces are to defend the sovereign national territory of Venezuela , airspace , and islands , fight against drug trafficking , to search and rescue and , in the case of a natural disaster , civil protection . All male citizens of Venezuela have a constitutional duty to register for the military service at the age of 18 , which is the age of majority in Venezuela .
Thar Desert
Evenings are meant for the main shows of music and dance . Continuing till late into the night , the number of spectators swells up each night and the grand finale , on the full moon night , takes place by silvery sand dunes .