vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Second Sino-Japanese War
Chiang Kai - shek continued to receive supplies from the United States . However , in contrast to the Arctic supply route to the Soviet Union which stayed open through most of the war , sea routes to China and the Yunnan -- Vietnam Railway had been closed since 1940 . Therefore , between the closing of the Burma Road in 1942 and its re-opening as the Ledo Road in 1945 , foreign aid was largely limited to what could be flown in over `` The Hump '' . In Burma , on April 16 , 1942 , 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division . After the Doolittle Raid , the Imperial Japanese Army conducted a massive sweep through Zhejiang and Jiangxi of China , now known as the Zhejiang - Jiangxi Campaign , with the goal of finding the surviving American airmen , applying retribution on the Chinese who aided them and destroying air bases . The operation started May 15 , 1942 , with 40 infantry battalions and 15 -- 16 artillery battalions but was repelled by Chinese forces in September . During this campaign , the Imperial Japanese Army left behind a trail of devastation and had also spread cholera , typhoid , plague and dysentery pathogens . Chinese estimates put the death toll at 250,000 civilians .
Houston Astros
The fashion trends of the 1970s had started taking root in baseball . Long hair and loud colors were starting to appear on team uniforms , including the Astros ' . In 1971 the Astros made some changes to their uniform : they kept the same style they had in previous seasons , but inverted the colors . What was navy blue was now orange and what was orange was now a lighter shade of blue . The players ' last names were added to the back of the jerseys . In 1972 , the uniform fabric was also changed to what was at the time revolutionizing the industry -- polyester . Belts were replaced by elastic waistbands , and jerseys zipped up instead of having buttons . The uniforms became popular with fans , but would last only until 1975 , when the Astros would shock baseball and the fashion world .
What's that got to do with the...?
Another explanation of the phrase 's origin is that in the 19th century the price for tea in England was the highest when the first ship with the newly harvested tea from the tightly controlled Chinese markets came in . So for the ship owners it was important to be as fast as possible back to England with the load , otherwise the cost of the passage might not be recovered from the sale of the tea . Thus there were real races ( the tea clipper races ) where the sail ships managed to travel the whole distance from China to England in about 80 to 90 days .
History of education in the United States
Given the high proportion of population in rural areas , with limited numbers of students , most communities relied on one - room school houses . Teachers would deal with the range of students of various ages and abilities by using the Monitorial System , an education method that became popular on a global scale during the early 19th century . This method was also known as `` mutual instruction '' or the `` Bell - Lancaster method '' after the British educators Dr Andrew Bell and Joseph Lancaster , who each independently developed it about 1798 . As older children in families would teach younger ones , the abler pupils in these schools became ' helpers ' to the teacher , and taught other students what they had learned . Mann
Under the Dome (TV series)
Now , in 2013 , two archaeologists , Christine and Eva , search for an intact egg , which they believe to be located in Chester 's Mill . They work for a large energy company called `` Aktaion , '' which , in the past , studied other eggs that crashed to earth . The other eggs had broken when they 'd crashed , so , when the eggs were touched , domes did not come down .
The Decembrist
Elsewhere , Red meets with Berlin and reveals to him that his daughter Zoe ( Scottie Thompson ) is in fact alive , and he presents her to him , thus making their feud pointless , as Berlin believed that Red killed her . Red asks Berlin who told him the lie ; he reveals the person 's identity as The Decembrist . Red and Berlin hunt down several people in order to find out The Decembrist 's true identity . They eventually find a name : Alan Fitch ( Alan Alda ) , an associate of Red 's . After finding out who it is , Berlin decides to hunt him down and kill him , something Red is not keen on doing .
Cherry blossom
In 1990 , along prior sections of the Berlin Wall , Japan donated cherry blossoms to express appreciation of German reunification . The gift was supported by donations from the Japanese people allowing for over 9,000 trees to be planted . The first trees were planted in November of that year near Glienicker Bridge .
Confirmation in the Catholic Church
Now when the apostles , who were in Jerusalem , had heard that Samaria had received the word of God , they sent unto them Peter and John . Who , when they were come down , prayed for them , that they might receive the Holy Spirit . For he was not as yet come upon any of them ; but they were only baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus . Then they laid their hands upon them , and they received the Holy Spirit .
Red River War
The largest Army victory came when Mackenzie found a large village of Comanche , Kiowa , and Cheyenne , including their horses and winter food supply , in upper Palo Duro Canyon . At dawn on September 28 , Mackenzie 's troops attacked down a steep canyon wall . The Indians were caught by surprise and did not have time to gather their horses or supplies before retreating . Sergeant John Charlton wrote of the battle :
Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)
Weston did come with a substantial change , telling the Leiden group that parties in England had obtained a land grant north of the existing Virginia territory to be called New England . This was only partially true ; the new grant did come to pass , but not until late in 1620 when the Plymouth Council for New England received its charter . It was expected that this area could be fished profitably , and it was not under the control of the existing Virginia government .
Guns N' Roses
In response to an interviewer 's suggestion that replacing Adler with Sorum had turned Guns N ' Roses from a rock ' n ' roll band into a heavy metal one , Stradlin responded , `` Yeah , a big musical difference . The first time I realized what Steve did for the band was when he broke his hand in Michigan . Tried to punch through a wall and busted his hand . So we had Fred Coury come in from Cinderella for the Houston show . Fred played technically good and steady , but the songs sounded just awful . They were written with Steve playing the drums and his sense of swing was the push and pull that give the songs their feel . When that was gone , it was just ... unbelievable , weird . Nothing worked . ''
2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
Brad Keselowski started on pole and immediately pulled away from the field and led all 60 laps to win stage 1 . In stage 2 , Keselowski led most of the laps . Martin Truex Jr. had to come in early on pit road for a problem and it ended up helping him stay out when everybody else pitted to get his 15th stage win of the season . On the restart , Kasey Kahne and Daniel Suarez made contact with him both of them into the wall . Multiple drivers including Denny Hamlin and Kyle Busch all tried to stay out to win the race on fuel mileage , but they had to pit when a caution came out after Joey Logano had a tire go down . On the restart , Michael McDowell spun and made contact with Paul Menard which put oil down on the track and put the race under a red flag . After the red flag was lifted in overtime , Kyle Larson zoomed past Truex with fresh tires to take his third win of the season and his third consecutive race at Michigan .
The Decembrist
Red later reveals to Elizabeth that he is in fact working with Berlin and that he knows that Tom is not dead . This angers her , as she has spent months trying to find Berlin ; Red expresses disappointment that Elizabeth did not trust him enough to tell him about Tom . Back at the boat , Tom tells Elizabeth that she will not kill him despite her supposed desire to . A security man arrives to check out a report about the boat , and Elizabeth has to capture him . Tom then kills him as a way to remove witnesses ; Elizabeth watches in horror as her associate holds her back . Elizabeth then demands to know where Berlin is : Tom says if she lets him go , then he will reveal the information . Elizabeth asks for Donald Ressler 's ( Diego Klattenhoff ) assistance , which he provides despite his reluctance . The two allow Tom to escape into the city unseen after he reveals Berlin 's last known whereabouts . Before letting him go , Ressler warns Tom that he will hunt him down .
Waiting for Godot
`` Because the play is so stripped down , so elemental , it invites all kinds of social and political and religious interpretation '' wrote Normand Berlin in a tribute to the play in Autumn 1999 , `` with Beckett himself placed in different schools of thought , different movements and ' ism 's . The attempts to pin him down have not been successful , but the desire to do so is natural when we encounter a writer whose minimalist art reaches for bedrock reality . ' Less ' forces us to look for ' more , ' and the need to talk about Godot and about Beckett has resulted in a steady outpouring of books and articles .
Great Depression
Even after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 optimism persisted for some time . John D. Rockefeller said `` These are days when many are discouraged . In the 93 years of my life , depressions have come and gone . Prosperity has always returned and will again . '' The stock market turned upward in early 1930 , returning to early 1929 levels by April . This was still almost 30 % below the peak of September 1929 .
Axis powers
The term was used by Hungary 's prime minister Gyula Gömbös when advocating an alliance of Hungary with Germany and Italy in the early 1930s . Gömbös ' efforts did affect the Italo - Hungarian Rome Protocols , but his sudden death in 1936 while negotiating with Germany in Munich and the arrival of Kálmán Darányi , his successor , ended Hungary 's involvement in pursuing a trilateral axis . Contentious negotiations between the Italian foreign minister , Galeazzo Ciano , and the German ambassador , Ulrich von Hassell , resulted in a Nineteen - Point Protocol , signed by Ciano and his German counterpart , Konstantin von Neurath , in 1936 . When Mussolini publicly announced the signing on 1 November , he proclaimed the creation of a Rome -- Berlin axis .
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
Beginning with Everson , which permitted New Jersey school boards to pay for transportation to parochial schools , the Court has used various tests to determine when the wall of separation has been breached . Everson laid down the test that establishment existed when aid was given to religion , but that the transportation was justifiable because the benefit to the children was more important . In the school prayer cases of the early 1960s , ( Engel v. Vitale and Abington School District v. Schempp ) , aid seemed irrelevant ; the Court ruled on the basis that a legitimate action both served a secular purpose and did not primarily assist religion . In Walz v. Tax Commission ( 1970 ) , the Court ruled that a legitimate action could not entangle government with religion ; in Lemon v. Kurtzman ( 1971 ) , these points were combined into the Lemon test , declaring that an action was an establishment if :
Dale Earnhardt
The 1990 season started for Earnhardt with victories in the Busch Clash and his heat of the Gatorade Twin 125 's . Near the end of the Daytona 500 , he had a dominant forty - second lead when the final caution flag came out with a handful of laps to go . When the green flag waved , Earnhardt was leading Derrike Cope . On the final lap , Earnhardt ran over a piece of metal , which was later revealed as a bell housing , in turn 4 , cutting down a tire . Cope , in an upset , won the race while Earnhardt finished fifth after leading 155 of the 200 laps . The No. 3 Goodwrench - sponsored Chevy team took the flat tire that cost them the win and hung it on the shop wall as a reminder of how close they had come to winning the Daytona 500 . Earnhardt won nine races that season and won his fourth Winston Cup title , beating Mark Martin by 26 points . He also became the first multiple winner of the annual all - star race , The Winston . 1991
Holmes on Homes
O - fence - ive - A fencing contractor rips off 52 families in a new housing development . Mike and crew bring the neighborhood together . House Arrest - A planned 3 - month renovation becomes a year - and - a-half nightmare . Mike and crew come to the rescue . Falling Flat - A photographer 's backyard studio is plagued with a leaking flat roof after a prolonged build . Bargain Basement - Mike and crew discover major flaws in a remodeled basement , tear it all out , and make it right . For Annie - The Holmes Crew arrive to finish a renovation intended for their now - deceased daughter . Ceiling the Deal - Mike arrives to investigate a job by web - based `` basement specialists '' who claimed to work for him . During the inspection , with one hand he pulls down a 150 - pound ceiling bulkhead secured with a few screws . The team gut , redesign and build a whole new multi-purpose basement . Out of the Ashes ( Two 1 - hour parts ) - A previous contractor hired by the homeowners insurance company to repair the home after an electrical fire leaves behind incomplete and substandard work . Mike and crew arrive and , after completely gutting the home , find they must remove asbestos insulation from the basement and do a full toxic - waste remediation caused by leakage from a heating - oil tank left buried in the back yard . Taking a Bath - The Holmes crew investigates why a pair of homeowners had their bathtubs in their bathrooms replaced three times in quick succession , causing a large mould buildup . Showing the Cracks - The elderly homeowner called in a trusted contractor to lay a new ceramic tile floor . When the tiles start cracking down the middle in straight lines , Mike and the crew strip it down to the sub-floor and build a new kitchen ' from the ground up ' . Wall of Sound - The Holmes crew investigates why the homeowners could hear their neighbors from across the common wall of a new semi-detached house . It 's discovered that there was a walkway in that shared wall , initially for construction purposes only , which was improperly sealed off and would have been a major fire hazard . Mike also discovers that the insulation in the garage is improperly installed .
History of the telescope
In 1754 , Euler sent to the Berlin Academy a further paper in which starting from the hypothesis that light consists of vibrations excited in an elastic fluid by luminous bodies -- and that the difference of color of light is due to the greater or lesser frequency of these vibrations in a given time -- he deduced his previous results . He did not doubt the accuracy of Newton 's experiments quoted by Dollond .
Bauhaus
The paradox of the early Bauhaus was that , although its manifesto proclaimed that the aim of all creative activity was building , the school did not offer classes in architecture until 1927 . During the years under Gropius ( 1919 -- 1927 ) , he and his partner Adolf Meyer observed no real distinction between the output of his architectural office and the school . So the built output of Bauhaus architecture in these years is the output of Gropius : the Sommerfeld house in Berlin , the Otte house in Berlin , the Auerbach house in Jena , and the competition design for the Chicago Tribune Tower , which brought the school much attention . The definitive 1926 Bauhaus building in Dessau is also attributed to Gropius . Apart from contributions to the 1923 Haus am Horn , student architectural work amounted to un-built projects , interior finishes , and craft work like cabinets , chairs and pottery .
Headquarters of the United Nations
The complex is also notable for its gardens and outdoor sculptures . Iconic sculptures include the `` Knotted Gun '' , called Non-Violence , a statue of a Colt Python revolver with its barrel tied in a knot , which was a gift from the Luxembourg government and `` Let Us Beat Swords into Plowshares '' , a gift from the Soviet Union . The latter sculpture is the only appearance of the `` swords into plowshares '' quotation , from Isaiah 2 : 4 , within the complex . Contrary to popular belief , the quotation is not carved on any UN building . Rather , it is carved on the `` Isaiah Wall '' of Ralph Bunche Park across First Avenue . A piece of the Berlin Wall also stands in the UN garden .
Will Turner
Will 's final costume in Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl is reminiscent of Errol Flynn 's swashbuckler movie roles . There is also a nod to Douglas Fairbanks when Turner uses his knife to glide down the ship 's sail in Dead Man 's Chest , just as Fairbanks did in the 1926 film , The Black Pirate .
List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters
Crowley , portrayed by Arthur Bridgers , is one of The Governor 's enforcers . In `` Hounded , '' after Michonne leaves Woodbury , Merle leads a team to track her down and kill her , and Michonne decapitates him . Merle then has Gargulio put Crowley down before he turns . Gargulio , portrayed by Dave Davis , is a new soldier to the Woodbury army , tasked with participating with Merle 's posse to track down and kill Michonne after she leaves Woodbury . Merle forces Gargulio to shoot Crowley in the head , to prevent him from reanimating . Merle shoots Gargulio dead for disagreeing with Merle 's plan to give up on finding Michonne , but to tell The Governor they killed her . Haley , portrayed by Alexa Nikolas. is one of The Governor 's enforcers tasked with protecting Woodbury 's wall . She teaches Andrea how to use a bow and arrows , and tells Andrea she had to kill her father and brother when they turned . She gets angry when Andrea crosses the wall ( breaking The Governor 's rules ) and at Andrea 's delight in killing a `` biter . '' Maggie shoots and kills Haley when Maggie and Rick storm Woodbury to save the Dixon brothers . Melissa
List of Dragon Ball episodes
'' / `` The Dragon Balls are Stolen ! '' `` Doragon Bōru Ubawareru ! ! '' ( D.B. うば われる ! ! ) Kazuhisa Takenōchi Takao Koyama Not Credited Tomekichi Takeuchi April 30 , 1986 November 11 , 1995 August 31 , 2001 ( re-dub ) While they are driving towards the final Dragon Ball , Shu in his battle robot fires a rocket at their car . Then he jumps down and runs off with Bulma 's suitcase , which contains their Dragon Balls . Goku tries to follow , but loses him . Luckily , Goku still has the Four - Star Ball , so Pilaf ca n't make his wish to rule the world . Bulma 's Dyno - Caps were in her suitcase as well , so they have no ride . With no other options , Yamcha is forced to give them a lift . They arrive at Pilaf 's castle . Inside , they come to a dead end , but before they can turn around , a wall comes down , trapping them inside . 11 `` At Last the Dragon Appears ! '' / `` The Penalty is Pinball '' `` Tsui ni Doragon Arawaru ! '' ( ついに 龍 あらわ る ! ) Daisuke Nishio Yasushi Hirano Not Credited Masayuki Uchiyama May 7 , 1986 November 18 , 1995 September 3 , 2001 ( re-dub ) Pilaf releases sleeping gas inside the chamber , which knocks everyone out . Mai goes in and steals the Four - Star Ball from Goku while he 's sleeping . When they wake up , they realize the ball has been stolen , and begin to run through the hallways . Pilaf sends giant pinballs rolling after them . Just when one of the balls has them cornered , it suddenly backs off , and a wall comes down again . They are trapped in the same room as before . Goku tries to use a Kamehameha wave to blast away the wall , but only manages to open up a small hole that leads outside , where Pilaf is summoning Shenron to grant his wish for world domination .
List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters
Tamiel , portrayed by Sabrina Gennarino , is a member of the Scavengers and the right - hand of Jadis . Killed by Simon . Brion , portrayed by Thomas Francis Murphy , is a lieutenant member of the Scavengers . Killed by Simon . Winslow , portrayed by Gino Crognale , is a zombificated member of the Scavengers , nothing is known about Winslow 's life prior to the outbreak . At some point in the apocalypse , Winslow was living in the Junkyard community , however , he later died of unknown causes . The residents of the Junkyard community did not put him down , but instead , covered him in armor and spikes . Winslow is first seen behind Rick , covered in armor and spikes after he is pushed into a pit . Rick is frightened by him . As Winslow comes closer , Rick tries to push him away , having one of his spikes go through his hand in the process . Winslow proceeds to come closer to Rick again , Rick kicks him away , cutting himself again . Rick then uses the wall of garbage to slow Winslow down . Winslow is buried in garbage and Rick decapitates him . Farron , portrayed by Anja Asktin , is a member of the Scavengers . When she and Michonne take sniper positions atop a townhouse as they prepare to battle the Saviors . When Michonne realizes the Scavengers betrayed Alexandria , she turns around to find Farron pointing her weapon at her . As a gun fight breaks out in the streets below , Farron and Michonne engage in a scuffle . As Farron bashes Michonne 's head into the ground , Michonne grabs a piece of a broken flower pot and stabs Farron . However , Farron still manages to overcome Michonne , attempting to throw her over the balcony . With all of her might , Michonne is able to overpower Farron and send her over the balcony to her death . Her mangled body is observed in the streets as Rick and Carl search for Michonne .
Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest
The competition draws many spectators and worldwide press coverage . In 2007 , an estimated 50,000 came out to witness the event . In 2004 a three - story - high `` Hot Dog Eating Wall of Fame '' was erected at the site of the annual contest . The wall lists past winners , and has a digital clock which counts down the minutes until the next contest . Despite substantial damage suffered at Nathan 's due to Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 , the location was repaired , reopened , and the 2013 event was held as scheduled .
Ashtray
The word `` ashtray '' itself did not come into common use until 1926 . The need for public ash receptacles saw a surge in the post-World War II era when cigarettes began to be manufactured en mass with non-biodegradable filters and inexpensive popular cigars sold affixed with disposable plastic tips .
Call of Duty: Black Ops
Treyarch released the `` First Strike '' Map Pack on February 1 , 2011 for the Xbox 360 . The PlayStation 3 received the map pack on March 3 , 2011 and the PC version was released on March 25 , 2011 through Steam . The Map Pack includes additional maps that can be played in the Multiplayer . These maps include `` Berlin Wall '' , `` Discovery '' , `` Kowloon '' and `` Stadium '' and a map for the Zombies mode titled `` Ascension '' which takes place in a Soviet launch site .
Celebratory gunfire
In 2005 , the International Action Network on Small Arms ( IANSA ) ran education campaigns on the dangers of celebratory gunfire in Serbia and Montenegro . In Serbia , the campaign slogan was `` every bullet that is fired up , must come down . ''
Jay Treaty
When Jefferson became president in 1801 , he did not repudiate the treaty . He kept the Federalist minister , Rufus King , in London to negotiate a successful resolution to outstanding issues regarding cash payments and boundaries . The amity broke down when the treaty expired in 1805 . Jefferson rejected a renewal of the Jay Treaty in the Monroe -- Pinkney Treaty of 1806 as negotiated by his diplomats and agreed to by London . Relations turned increasingly hostile as a prelude to the War of 1812 . In 1815 , the Treaty of Ghent superseded the Jay treaty .