vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Polar bear
A new development is that polar bears have begun ranging to new territory . While not unheard of but still uncommon , polar bears have been sighted increasingly in larger numbers ashore , staying on the mainland for longer periods of time during the summer months , particularly in North Canada , traveling farther inland . This may cause an increased reliance on terrestrial diets , such as goose eggs , waterfowl and caribou , as well as increased human -- bear conflict .
Stratovolcano
A similar , but extraordinarily more powerful phenomenon occurred in the cataclysmic April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa Island in Indonesia . The Mount Tambora eruption is recognized as the most powerful eruption in recorded history . Its volcanic cloud lowered global temperatures by as much as 3.5 ° C. In the year following the eruption , most of the Northern Hemisphere experienced sharply cooler temperatures during the summer . In parts of Europe , Asia and North America , 1816 was known as the `` Year Without a Summer '' , which caused a considerable agricultural distress and a brief but bitter famine .
USS Maine (ACR-1)
On 13 February 1912 , the engineers let water back into the interior of the cofferdam . Three days later , the interior of the cofferdam was full and Maine floated . Two days after that , Maine was towed out by the tug Osceola . The bodies of its crew were then removed to the armored cruiser North Carolina for repatriation . On 16 March , Maine was towed four miles from the Cuban coast by Osceola , escorted by North Carolina and the light cruiser Birmingham . Its sea cocks were opened and it sank in 600 fathoms ( 3,600 ft ; 1,100 m ) of water to the salutes of Birmingham and North Carolina . During the salvage , remains of 66 more were found , of whom only one ( an engineering officer ) was identified and returned to his home town ; the rest were reburied at Arlington Cemetery making a total of 229 buried there .
Helsinki
Winters in Helsinki are notably warmer than in the north of Finland , and the snow season is much shorter in the capital . Temperatures below − 20 ° C ( − 4 ° F ) occur a few times a year at most . However , because of the latitude , days last 5 hours and 48 minutes around the winter solstice with very low sun ( at noon , the sun is a little bit over 6 degrees in the sky ) , and the cloudy weather at this time of year exacerbates darkness . Conversely , Helsinki enjoys long daylight during the summer ; during the summer solstice , days last 18 hours and 57 minutes .
Euphrates
The Euphrates receives most of its water in the form of rainfall and melting snow , resulting in peak volumes during the months April through May . Discharge in these two months accounts for 36 percent of the total annual discharge of the Euphrates , or even 60 -- 70 percent according to one source , while low runoff occurs in summer and autumn . The average natural annual flow of the Euphrates has been determined from early - and mid-twentieth century records as 20.9 cubic kilometres ( 5.0 cu mi ) at Keban , 36.6 cubic kilometres ( 8.8 cu mi ) at Hīt and 21.5 cubic kilometres ( 5.2 cu mi ) at Hindiya . However , these averages mask the high inter-annual variability in discharge ; at Birecik , just north of the Syro -- Turkish border , annual discharges have been measured that ranged from a low volume of 15.3 cubic kilometres ( 3.7 cu mi ) in 1961 to a high of 42.7 cubic kilometres ( 10.2 cu mi ) in 1963 .
I Have a Dream
On November 27 , 1962 , King gave a speech at Booker T. Washington High School in Rocky Mount , North Carolina . That speech was longer than the version which he would eventually deliver from the Lincoln Memorial . And while parts of the text had been moved around , large portions were identical , including the `` I have a dream '' refrain . After being rediscovered , the restored and digitized recording of the 1962 speech was presented to the public by the English department of North Carolina State University .
Forrest Gump
On the very first page of the sequel novel , Forrest Gump tells readers `` Do n't never let nobody make a movie of your life 's story , '' though `` Whether they get it right or wrong , it does n't matter . '' The first chapter of the book suggests the real - life events surrounding the film have been incorporated into Forrest 's storyline , and that Forrest got a lot of media attention as a result of the film . During the course of the sequel novel , Gump runs into Tom Hanks and at the end of the novel in the film 's release , including Gump going on The David Letterman Show and attending the Academy Awards .
Barbados
Infrequent natural hazards include earthquakes , landslips and hurricanes . Barbados is often spared the worst effects of the region 's tropical storms and hurricanes during the rainy season . Its location in the south - east of the Caribbean region puts the country just outside the principal hurricane strike zone . On average , a major hurricane strikes about once every 26 years . The last significant hit from a hurricane to cause severe damage to Barbados was Hurricane Janet in 1955 ; in 2010 the island was struck by Hurricane Tomas , but this caused only minor damage across the country .
Land lot
A lot has defined boundaries ( or borders ) which are documented somewhere , but the boundaries need not be shown on the land itself . Most lots are small enough to be mapped as if they are flat , in spite of the curvature of the earth . A characteristic of the size of a lot is its area . The area is typically determined as if the land is flat and level , although the terrain of the lot may not be flat , i . e , the lot may be hilly . The contour surface area of the land is changeable and may be too complicated for determining a lot 's area .
The Yellow Wallpaper
Presented in the first person , the story is a collection of journal entries written by a woman whose physician husband ( John ) has rented an old mansion for the summer . Forgoing other rooms in the house , the couple moves into the upstairs nursery . As a form of treatment , the unnamed woman is forbidden from working , and is encouraged to eat well and get plenty of exercise and air , so she can recuperate from what he calls a `` temporary nervous depression -- a slight hysterical tendency '' , a diagnosis common to women in that period .
English Civil War
In early January 1642 , a few days after his failure to capture five members of the House of Commons , fearing for the safety of his family and retinue , Charles left the London area for the north of the country . Further negotiations by frequent correspondence between the King and the Long Parliament through to early summer proved fruitless . As the summer progressed , cities and towns declared their sympathies for one faction or the other : for example , the garrison of Portsmouth under the command of Sir George Goring declared for the King , but when Charles tried to acquire arms for his cause from Kingston upon Hull , the depository for the weapons used in the previous Scottish campaigns , Sir John Hotham , the military governor appointed by Parliament in January , refused to let Charles enter Hull , and when Charles returned with more men later , Hotham drove them off . Charles issued a warrant for Hotham to be arrested as a traitor but was powerless to enforce it . Throughout the summer months , tensions rose and there was brawling in a number of places , with the first death from the conflict taking place in Manchester .
Military history of the United States during World War II
Unable to push north into the Netherlands , the Allies in western Europe were forced to consider other options to get into Germany . In the summer of 1944 , the Allies suffered from a large supply crisis , due to the long supply route . But by the fall of 1944 , this has largely been resolved ( Red Ball Express ) . As part of the Siegfriend Line Campaign , the Allies tried to push into Germany towards the Rhine . As a first step , Aachen was captured during a heavy battle . The Germans now had the advantage of their old fortification system , the Siegfried line . During the Battle of Hürtgen Forest , the Allies fought a long battle of attrition with the Germans , which ended initially in a stalemate , with the Allies unable to take the complete forest . The battle of the Hürtgen Forrest was later absorbed by a larger offensive , Operation Queen . During this offensive , the Allies intended to push towards the Rur River , as a staging point for a subsequent thrust over the river to the Rhine into Germany . However , against underestimated and stiffened German resistance , the Allies were only able to make slow progress . By mid-December the Allies were finally at the Rur , but by then the Germans had prepared their own offensive through the Ardennes , which was launched in the midst of an unsuccessful Allied attack against the Rur dams .
Child care
Legislation may mandate staffing ratios ( for example , 6 weeks to 12 months , 1 : 4 ; 12 months to 18 months , 1 : 5 ; 18 months to 24 months , 1 : 9 ; etc . ) . The caregiver - to - child ratio is one factor indicative of quality of care . Ratios vary greatly by location and by daycare center . Potential consequences of a caregiver : child ratio which is too high could be very serious . However , many states allow a higher numbers of toddlers to caregivers and some centers do not comply consistently . For example , within the US : Pennsylvania , ages 1 -- 3 , 1 teacher to 5 children ; Missouri : age 2 , 1 teacher to 8 children ; North Carolina : 1 teacher to 10 children .
Wales
Rainfall patterns show significant variation . The further west , the higher the expected rainfall ; up to 40 % more . At low elevations , rain is unpredictable at any time of year , although the showers tend to be shorter in summer . The uplands of Wales have most rain , normally more than 50 days of rain during the winter months ( December to February ) , falling to around 35 rainy days during the summer months ( June to August ) . Annual rainfall in Snowdonia averages between 3,000 millimetres ( 120 in ) ( Blaenau Ffestiniog ) and 5,000 millimetres ( 200 in ) ( Snowdon 's summit ) . The likelihood is that it will fall as sleet or snow when the temperature falls below 5 ° C ( 41 ° F ) , and snow tends to be lying on the ground there for an average of 30 days a year . Snow falls several times each winter in inland areas , but is relatively uncommon around the coast . Average annual rainfall in those areas can be less than 1,000 millimetres ( 39 in ) .
1935 Labor Day hurricane
... wealthy people , yachtsmen , fishermen such as President Hoover and President Roosevelt , do not come to the Florida Keys in hurricane months ... There is a known danger to property . But veterans , especially the bonus - marching variety of veterans , are not property . They are only human beings ; unsuccessful human beings , and all they have to lose is their lives . They are doing coolie labor for a top wage of $45 a month and they have been put down on the Florida Keys where they ca n't make trouble . It is hurricane months , sure , but if anything comes up , you can always evacuate them , ca n't you ? ... It is not necessary to go into the deaths of the civilians and their families since they were on the Keys of their own free will ; they made their living there , had property and knew the hazards involved . But the veterans had been sent there ; they had no opportunity to leave , nor any protection against hurricanes ; and they never had a chance for their lives . Who sent nearly a thousand war veterans , many of them husky , hard - working and simply out of luck , but many of them close to the border of pathological cases , to live in frame shacks on the Florida Keys in hurricane months ?
Role of the United States in the Vietnam War
The North Vietnamese first struck the flanks of the ARVN column , smashed its outposts , and then moved in on the main ARVN force . Unlike previous encounters during the conflict , the PAVN fielded armored formations , heavy artillery , and large amounts of the latest anti-aircraft artillery . After two months of savage fighting , the ARVN retreated back across the border , closely pursued by the North Vietnamese . One half of the invasion force was killed or captured during the operation , and Vietnamization was seen as a failure .
Jim Crow laws
Voter turnout dropped drastically through the South as a result of such measures . In Louisiana , by 1900 , black voters were reduced to 5,320 on the rolls , although they comprised the majority of the state 's population . By 1910 , only 730 blacks were registered , less than 0.5 % of eligible black men . `` In 27 of the state 's 60 parishes , not a single black voter was registered any longer ; in 9 more parishes , only one black voter was . '' The cumulative effect in North Carolina meant that black voters were completely eliminated from voter rolls during the period from 1896 -- 1904 . The growth of their thriving middle class was slowed . In North Carolina and other Southern states , blacks suffered from being made invisible in the political system : `` ( W ) ithin a decade of disfranchisement , the white supremacy campaign had erased the image of the black middle class from the minds of white North Carolinians . '' In Alabama tens of thousands of poor whites were also disenfranchised , although initially legislators had promised them they would not be affected adversely by the new restrictions .
Military history of Italy during World War II
Following the attacks on these two battleships , an Italian - dominated Mediterranean Sea appeared much more possible to achieve . However , this was only a brief happy time for Mussolini . The oil and supplies brought to Malta , despite heavy losses , by Operation Pedestal in August and the Allied landings in North Africa , Operation Torch , in November 1942 , turned the fortunes of war against Italy . The Axis forces were ejected from Libya and Tunisia in six months after the Battle of El Alamein , while their supply lines were harassed day after day by the growing and overwhelming aerial and naval supremacy of the Allies . By the summer of 1943 the Allies were poised for an invasion of the Italian homeland .
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
VistaVision cameras installed with motion - control technology were used for the photography of the live - action scenes which would be composited with animation . Rubber mannequins of Roger Rabbit , Baby Herman , and the weasels would portray the animated characters during rehearsals to teach the actors where to look when acting with `` open air and imaginative cartoon characters '' . Many of the live - action props held by cartoon characters were shot on set with either robotic arms holding the props or the props were manipulated by strings , similar to a marionette . The actor who played the voice of Roger , Charles Fleischer , insisted on wearing a Roger Rabbit costume while on the set , to get into character . Filming began on December 2 , 1986 , and lasted for seven months at Elstree Studios , with an additional month in Los Angeles and at Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM ) for blue screen effects of Toontown . The entrance of Desilu Studios served as the fictional Maroon Cartoon Studio lot .
Lords Proprietor
In the 1690s , the Lords Proprietors were keen to implement their plan for a colonial aristocracy ( an attempt to stabilize Carolina politics ) . One document is a grant or patent issued by the Lords Proprietors of South Carolina in 1699 . It was issued to an Englishman named John Wyche , a relative of the chief Proprietor , giving him the status of Landgrave with the right to claim 48,000 acres ( 190 km ) of land in a certain region . John Wyche was appointed as the Secretary to the Province and served in this role in the colony for a short period of six months before he received another appointment in Hamburg . Some of the documents relate to Wyche 's activity in the colony . His successor to the Secretary position was John Wilmot . After a revolt against the Lords Proprietors in 1719 , the colony came under royal control . This change in power was formalized by an Act of the English parliament in 1729 called `` An Agreement with Seven of the Lords Proprietors of Carolina , for the Surrender of their Title and Interest in that Province '' .
Freshwater West
Freshwater West is one of the top surfing locations in Wales due to its consistent swell and strong waves . The beach regularly hosts surfing tournaments such as the Welsh National Surfing Championships with participants arriving from all over the world . Since 2010 it has had a lifeguard station which is active during the summer months . Freshwater
Matterhorn
The first inquirers began to come to the Matterhorn . There is a record of a party of Englishmen who in the summer of 1800 crossed the Great St. Bernard Pass , a few months after the passage of Bonaparte ; they came to Aosta and thence to Valtournanche , slept at the chalets of Breuil , and traversed the Theodul Pass , which they called Monte Rosa . The Matterhorn was to them an object of the most intense and continuous admiration . The
River Thames
Skiffing has dwindled in favour of private motor boat ownership but is competed on the river in the summer months . Six clubs and a similar number of skiff regattas exist from the Skiff Club , Teddington upstream .
Confederate States of America
Nevertheless , the Confederacy was seen internationally as a serious attempt at nationhood , and European governments sent military observers , both official and unofficial , to assess whether there had been a de facto establishment of independence . These observers included Arthur Lyon Fremantle of the British Coldstream Guards , Fitzgerald Ross of the Austrian Hussars and Justus Scheibert of the Prussian Army . European travelers visited and wrote accounts for publication . Importantly in 1862 , the Frenchman Charles Girard 's Seven months in the rebel states during the North American War testified `` this government ... is no longer a trial government ... but really a normal government , the expression of popular will '' . Fremantle went on to write in his book Three Months in the Southern States that he had
It (2017 film)
On October 30 , 2015 , Muschietti was interviewed by Variety wherein he spoke about his vision of It , while mentioning Poulter was still in the mix for the role of Pennywise : `` ( Poulter ) would be a great option . For me he is at the top of my list ... '' He confirmed that next summer is the time for them to start shooting . It was decided to shoot It during the summer months to give the filmmakers time to work with the children who have the main roles in the first part of the film . Muschietti went on to say that `` King described 50s ' terror iconography '' , adding that he feels there is a whole world now to `` rediscover , to update '' . He said there would not be any mummies or werewolves and that the `` terrors are going to be a lot more surprising '' . On February 19 , 2016 , at the D.I.C.E. Summit 2016 , producer Roy Lee confirmed that Fukunaga and Chase Palmer 's original script had been rewritten , remarking , `` It will hopefully be shooting later this year . We just got the California tax credit ... ( Dauberman ) wrote the most recent draft working with ( Muscetti ) , so it 's being envisioned as two movies . ''
Presidency of Abraham Lincoln
Two months after being promoted to general - in - chief , Grant embarked upon his bloody Overland Campaign . This is often characterized as a war of attrition , given high Union losses at battles such as the Battle of the Wilderness and Cold Harbor . Even though they had the advantage of fighting on the defensive , the Confederate forces had `` almost as high a percentage of casualties as the Union forces '' . The high casualty figures alarmed many in the North , as Grant lost a third of his army . When Lincoln asked what Grant 's plans were , the general replied , `` I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer . '' Despite heavy losses , Lincoln continued to support Grant .
Philippines
The American occupation in 1898 introduced a new breed of architectural structures in the Philippines . This led to the construction of government buildings and Art Deco theaters . During the American period , some semblance of city planning using the architectural designs and master plans by Daniel Burnham was done on the portions of the city of Manila . Part of the Burnham 's plan was the construction of government buildings that resembled Greek or Neoclassical architecture . In Iloilo , a lot of the colonial edifices constructed during the American occupation in the country can still be seen . Commercial buildings , houses and churches in that era are abundant in the city and especially in Calle Real .
University of North Carolina
Statutory provisions stipulate the current function and cost to students of the University of North Carolina . UNC
Black Sabbath
In the summer of 1997 , Iommi , Butler and Osbourne reunited to coheadline the Ozzfest tour alongside Osbourne 's solo band . The line - up featured Osbourne 's drummer Mike Bordin filling in for Ward . `` It started off with me going off to join Ozzy for a couple of numbers , '' explained Iommi , `` and then it got into Sabbath doing a short set , involving Geezer . And then it grew as it went on ... We were concerned in case Bill could n't make it -- could n't do it -- because it was a lot of dates , and important dates ... The only rehearsal that we had to do was for the drummer . But I think if Bill had come in , it would have took a lot more time . We would have had to focus a lot more on him . ''
Chola dynasty
Around the 7th century , a Chola kingdom flourished in present - day Andhra Pradesh . These Telugu Cholas traced their descent to the early Sangam Cholas . However , it is not known if they had any relation to the early Cholas . It is possible that a branch of the Tamil Cholas migrated north during the time of the Pallavas to establish a kingdom of their own , away from the dominating influences of the Pandyas and Pallavas . The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang , who spent several months in Kanchipuram during 639 -- 640 writes about the `` kingdom of Culi - ya '' , in an apparent reference to these Telugu Cholas .
Peter and Rosemary Grant
Over the course of 1982 -- 1983 , El Niño brought a steady eight months of rain . In a normal rainy season Daphne Major usually gets two months of rain . The excessive rain brought a turnover in the types of vegetation growing on the island . The seeds shifted from large , hard to crack seeds to many different types of small , softer seeds . This gave birds with smaller beaks an advantage when another drought hit the following year . Small - beaked finch could eat all of the small seeds faster than the larger beaked birds could get to them .
History of the Isle of Wight
During the war of succession in 1066 , the island was used as a base by various contenders . Firstly `` came Earl Tostig from beyond the sea into Wight , and with as great a fleet as he could get , and there was given both money and provisions ; and then went from there , and did harm everywhere along the sea - cost he could get to '' and later his brother Harold Godwinson `` ... went into Wight , and lay there all the summer and the autumn ; and a land army was kept everywhere by the sea , although in the end it was to no avail '' . Both men had manors on the island - Harold at Kern and Tostig at Nunwell .
Vehicle insurance in the United States
Until 1956 , when the New York legislature passed their compulsory insurance law , Massachusetts was the only state in the U.S. that required drivers to get insurance before registration . North Carolina followed suit in 1957 and then in the 1960s and 1970s numerous other states passed similar compulsory insurance laws . Since the genesis of automotive insurance schemes in 1925 nearly every state has adopted a compulsory insurance scheme . Arguments