vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Wedding cake
In Medieval England cakes were stacked as high as possible for the bride and groom to kiss over . A successful kiss meant they were guaranteed a prosperous life together . From this the Croquembouche was created . The myth behind this cake tells of a Pastry chef , visiting Medieval England who witnessed their tradition of piling sweet rolls between the bride and groom , which they attempted to kiss over without knocking them all down . The pastry chef then went back to France and piled sweet rolls up into a tower to make the first Croquembouche . The modern croquembouche is still very popular in France , where it is now common to place the croquembouche tower on a bed of cake and make it a top tier . This traditional French wedding cake is built from Profiteroles and given a halo of spun sugar .
History of the Jews in Egypt
' The Qattawi family claimed residence in Egypt since the eighth century , and Yusuf ' Aslan Pasha identified himself as an Egyptian of Jewish faith . Under his leadership , the Cairo Sephardi Jewish Community Council adopted a consistent non-Zionist position . Though his grandfather apparently acquired Austrian citizenship , Yusuf ' Aslan Qattawi must have been an Egyptian citizen because this was a condition for membership on the board of Bank Misr . His French education was not a marker of otherness or a political liability . It was a prestigious symbol of modernity and progress common to the sons of the landed elite , the business community , and many leading intellectuals of the early twentieth century , Muslims and Christians as well as Jews . '
Confidence interval
It is worth noting that the confidence interval for a parameter is not the same as the acceptance region of a test for this parameter , as is sometimes thought . The confidence interval is part of the parameter space , whereas the acceptance region is part of the sample space . For the same reason , the confidence level is not the same as the complementary probability of the level of significance . Confidence
Carbon dioxide
Liquid carbon dioxide forms only at pressures above 5.1 atm ; the triple point of carbon dioxide is about 5.1 bar ( 517 kPa ) at 217 K ( see phase diagram ) . The critical point is 7.38 MPa at 31.1 ° C. Another form of solid carbon dioxide observed at high pressure is an amorphous glass - like solid . This form of glass , called carbonia , is produced by supercooling heated CO at extreme pressure ( 40 -- 48 GPa or about 400,000 atmospheres ) in a diamond anvil . This discovery confirmed the theory that carbon dioxide could exist in a glass state similar to other members of its elemental family , like silicon ( silica glass ) and germanium dioxide . Unlike silica and germania glasses , however , carbonia glass is not stable at normal pressures and reverts to gas when pressure is released .
Breaking the Waves
Some saw Breaking the Waves as mainstream cinema . Others saw it as a high budget experimental film due to its elaborate chapter shots and handheld camera in a sketchy raw style that followed the actors closely . Breaking the Waves marked an important change in focus for Lars von Trier . In von Trier 's early films , the protagonist is a man , typically a disillusioned idealist whose downfall is furthered by a deceitful , fatal woman . In this film , for the first time the protagonist is a woman , emotional and naive . This motif continues in his later films , except for the comedy The Boss of It All . Breaking the Waves controversially connects religion with eroticism . The film focuses on sexual perversity and female martyrdom , issues that continue in Trier 's later work . Some critics see the self - sacrificing submissive heroine as a misogynist cliche .
The Bronx
The College of Mount Saint Vincent is a Catholic liberal arts college in Riverdale under the direction of the Sisters of Charity of New York . Founded in 1847 as a school for girls , the academy became a degree - granting college in 1911 and began admitting men in 1974 . The school serves 1,600 students . Its campus is also home to the Academy for Jewish Religion , a transdenominational rabbinical and cantorial school .
Tax incidence
The theory of tax incidence has a large number of practical results , although economists dispute the magnitude and significance of these results :
1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak
A replica pump was installed in 1992 at the site of the 1854 pump . Every year the John Snow Society holds `` Pumphandle Lectures '' on subjects of public health . Until August 2015 , when the pump was removed due to redevelopment , they also held a ceremony here in which they removed and reattached the pump handle to pay tribute to Snow 's historic discovery . The original location of the historic pump is marked by a red granite paver . In addition , plaques on the John Snow pub at the corner describe the significance of Snow 's findings at this site .
Spanish–American War
On June 20 , a US fleet commanded by Captain Henry Glass , consisting of the protected cruiser USS Charleston and three transports carrying troops to the Philippines , entered Guam 's Apra Harbor , Captain Glass having opened sealed orders instructing him to proceed to Guam and capture it . Charleston fired a few cannon rounds at Fort Santa Cruz without receiving return fire . Two local officials , not knowing that war had been declared and believing the firing had been a salute , came out to Charleston to apologize for their inability to return the salute as they were out of gunpowder . Glass informed them that the US and Spain were at war .
Spirit Riding Free
Meanwhile , a Prescott family photo published in a newspaper as a wedding announcement gives the revenge - seeking frontier bandit Butch LePray a lead on where to find Lucky . 39 6 `` Lucky and the Wayward Wedding '' Joshua Taback Aury Wallington Richard Gaines & Rick Lacy August 17 , 2018 ( 2018 - 08 - 17 ) Abigail calls off a `` wedding '' between the horses Chica Linda and Boomerang when Lucky arrives late and forgets the rings , because of Abigail 's superstition that the bride and groom seeing each other before the ceremony will jinx things . But when Jim and Miss Flores see each other the morning of their own wedding , all of the PALs ' efforts to prepare for the ceremony seem cursed , with one mishap after another ruining the flowers , the wedding carriage , the cake , and even Jim 's father 's approval . Then Lucky fails to show up for the ceremony on time with rings , and Jim goes looking for her , only to discover that Butch LePray has her kidnapped .
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
With World War II looming , British policies were influenced by a desire to win Arab world support and could ill afford to engage with another Arab uprising . The MacDonald White Paper of May 1939 declared that it was `` not part of ( the British government 's ) policy that Palestine should become a Jewish State '' , sought to limit Jewish immigration to Palestine and restricted Arab land sales to Jews . However , the League of Nations commission held that the White Paper was in conflict with the terms of the Mandate as put forth in the past . The outbreak of the Second World War suspended any further deliberations . The Jewish Agency hoped to persuade the British to restore Jewish immigration rights , and cooperated with the British in the war against Fascism . Aliyah Bet was organized to spirit Jews out of Nazi controlled Europe , despite the British prohibitions . The White Paper also led to the formation of Lehi , a small Jewish organization which opposed the British .
Statue of Liberty
In 1984 , the Statue of Liberty was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The UNESCO `` Statement of Significance '' describes the statue as a `` masterpiece of the human spirit '' that `` endures as a highly potent symbol -- inspiring contemplation , debate and protest -- of ideals such as liberty , peace , human rights , abolition of slavery , democracy and opportunity . ''
History of the Jews in Egypt
The Jewish population of Egypt was estimated at less than 200 in 2007 , less than 40 in 2014 , and explicitly stated as 6 in 2016 . Marriage restriction has caused many members to convert to other religions , mainly Jewish women who convert to Islam , due to being married to Egyptian Muslim men . Because a Jewish man can not marry an Egyptian Muslim woman , but an Egyptian Muslim man may marry a Jewish woman , the community has lost many male members who are no longer Jewish on official documents .
Jamestown, Virginia
The 100th anniversary of the Surrender at Yorktown in 1781 had generated a new interest in the historical significance of the colonial sites of the Peninsula . Williamsburg , a sleepy but populated town of shops and homes , was still celebrating Civil War events . However , as the new century dawned , thoughts turned to the upcoming 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown . The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities ( now known as Preservation Virginia ) started the movement in 1900 by calling for a celebration honoring the establishment of the first permanent English colony in the New World at Jamestown to be held on the 300th anniversary in 1907 .
Thirteen Colonies
The French and Indian War took on a new significance for the British North American colonists when William Pitt the Elder decided that major military resources needed to be devoted to North America in order to win the war against France . For the first time , the continent became one of the main theaters of what could be termed a `` world war '' . During the war , it became increasingly apparent to American colonists that they were under the authority of the British Empire , as British military and civilian officials took on an increased presence in their lives .
Tree of life
Haoma is the Avestan form of the Sanskrit soma . The near identity of the two in ritual significance is considered by scholars to point to a salient feature of an Indo - Iranian religion antedating Zoroastrianism .
Nation state
Israel was founded as a Jewish state in 1948 . Its `` Basic Laws '' describe it as both a Jewish and a democratic state . According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , 75.7 % of Israel 's population are Jews . Arabs , who make up 20.4 % of the population , are the largest ethnic minority in Israel . Israel also has very small communities of Armenians , Circassians , Assyrians , Samaritans , and persons of some Jewish heritage . There are also some non-Jewish spouses of Israeli Jews . However , these communities are very small , and usually number only in the hundreds or thousands .
List of Haunted Mansion characters
During the 2006 upgrades at Disneyland , the Bride was given a name , a new look , and a backstory . In the late 19th century , Constance married -- and murdered -- at least five wealthy men and inherited their fortunes . Her ghost utters sinister variations on classic wedding vows as a hatchet materializes in her hands . The visible beating heart from the previous versions of the Bride was not carried over to Constance , but its audio remains on the soundtrack . While much of Constance 's story is left to the imagination , there are some hints in the newly decorated attic that give guests some insight into the character . A series of wedding photographs can be seen among various gifts and ceremonial trappings , and as guests pass each photo the heads of Constance 's former grooms disappear . In the last photo , Constance holds a rose while posing next to her groom George Hightower . This echoes the portrait ( in the stretching room ) of a much older Constance holding a rose as she sits atop the tombstone of her late husband George , whose stone bust has a hatchet lodged in its head . ( In an early attraction script , the widow in the stretching portrait was named Abigale Patecleaver . ) Though Constance 's ghost manifests as a young woman , she apparently lived to see old age .
Cole Turner
Suspecting evil magic to be involved , the sisters try and reverse it without success but pass the invisibility on to Paige . Cole asks the Seer to send a Lazarus demon ( who she summoned to lure Phoebe to a cemetery for the purposes of a dark ceremony ) to attack at the wedding which causes Phoebe to call it off , thus reversing the magic on her , which had been switched to Paige . When the Charmed Ones question the demon , he accuses Cole of betraying him and tells them that he sent him to attack them . But before he can out Cole as the Source , Cole vanquishes him and pretends to be the Seer before teleporting and pretending to be unconscious after she attacked him . Cole marries Phoebe in a dark wedding at the end of the episode , without her suspecting drinking her blood when a throne pricks her with the ceremony held at night with a dark priest .
History of the telescope
In 1682 , the minutes of the Royal Society in London Robert Hooke noted Thomas Digges ' 1571 Pantometria , ( a book on measurement , partially based on his father Leonard Digges ' notes and observations ) seemed to support an English claim to the invention of the telescope , describing Leonard as having a fare seeing glass in the mid 1500s based on an idea by Roger Bacon . Thomas described it as `` by proportional Glasses duly situate in convenient angles , not only discovered things far off , read letters , numbered pieces of money with the very coin and superscription thereof , cast by some of his friends of purpose upon downs in open fields , but also seven miles off declared what hath been done at that instant in private places . '' Comments on the use of proportional or `` perspective glass '' are also made in the writings of John Dee ( 1575 ) and William Bourne ( 1585 ) . Bourne was asked in 1580 to investigate the Diggs device by Queen Elizabeth I 's chief advisor Lord Burghley . Bourne 's is the best description of it , and from his writing it seemed to consist of peering into a large curved mirror that reflected the image produced by a large lens . The idea of an `` Elizabethan Telescope '' has been expanded over the years , including astronomer and historian Colin Ronan concluding in the 1990s that this reflecting / refracting telescope was built by Leonard Digges between 1540 and 1559 . This `` backwards '' reflecting telescope would have been unwieldy , it needed very large mirrors and lens to work , the observer had to stand backwards to look at an upside down view , and Bourne noted it had a very narrow field of view making it unsuitable for military purposes . The optical performance required to see the details of coins lying about in fields , or private activities seven miles away , seems to be far beyond the technology of the time and it could be the `` perspective glass '' being described was a far simpler idea , originating with Bacon , of using a single lens held in front of the eye to magnify a distant view .
Senate of the Roman Republic
At the beginning of the year , the first Senate meeting always took place at the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus . Other venues could include the Temple of Fides or the Temple of Concord , or , if the meeting was outside of the formal boundary of the city , at the Temple of Apollo or ( if a war meeting ) at the Temple of Bellona . In addition , the Senate operated while under various religious restrictions . For example , before any meeting could begin , a sacrifice to the gods was made , and a search for divine omens ( the auspices ) was taken . The auspices were taken in order to determine whether that particular Senate meeting held favor with the gods . The Senate was only allowed to meet in a building of religious significance , such as the Curia Hostilia .
List of The League of Gentlemen characters
One of the most popular theories is that it is sausages laced with cocaine , after tying together possible clues throughout Series 1 and 2 , including references to Goodfellas and Midnight Express , the nosebleeds , and the substance becoming more dangerous after being cut . Even the writers were apparently not sure what the special stuff was at the beginning of the series . When Briss takes Maurice along with him to receive a `` special delivery '' in a remote woodland , we see who supplies Briss with the special stuff : a tall ominous man accompanied by a short hunchbacked figure . It is evident that even Briss is terrified of them . The only clue from the original live shows as to what the substance is that it apparently rhymes with `` drawstring '' , which has led some to believe that the `` special stuff '' is circumcised foreskins . ' Bris ' is also the Yiddish name for the Brit milah , the Jewish circumcision ceremony . Some fans have combined the two theories and believe that the `` special stuff '' is sausages containing cocaine enclosed by foreskin sausage casing .
History of the Jews in Egypt
The Egyptian Prime Minister Nuqrashi told the British ambassador : `` All Jews were potential Zionists ( and ) ... anyhow all Zionists were Communists '' . On 24 November 1947 , the head of the Egyptian delegation to the General Assembly , Muhammad Hussein Heykal Pasha , said that `` the lives of 1,000,000 Jews in Moslem countries would be jeopardized by the establishment of a Jewish state . '' On 24 November 1947 , Dr Heykal Pasha said : `` if the U.N decide to amputate a part of Palestine in order to establish a Jewish state , ... Jewish blood will necessarily be shed elsewhere in the Arab world ... to place in certain and serious danger a million Jews . Mahmud Bey Fawzi ( Egypt ) said : `` Imposed partition was sure to result in bloodshed in Palestine and in the rest of the Arab world '' .
Hope Logan
The therapist gives Hope a trial dose of anti-anxiety pills and cautions her about sex with Liam further , but Brooke insists that Hope should be with Liam which confuses Hope even more to the point where she gets another prescription illegally from Amber . She begins acting abnormal , and eventually Liam finds out after a couple of incidents that nearly caused physical injury . The first was when Hope passed out in the pool at the Forrester House . The second was when Liam and Hope were in Aspen as well as Steffy , and she collided with her whilst they were skiing . After Liam finds out about the therapy sections , the medication and the accident with Steffy , he is stunned and confronts Hope , questioning their future . Liam takes Steffy up to Spencer cabin , where she decides to go ahead and sign the annulment papers , but Liam tears them up because he refused to hurt Steffy more and shares a passionate kiss with her . Once the divorce became final , Liam and Hope went to Italy at Brooke 's insistence to remarry , although Ridge refused to design Hope 's wedding gown out of respect for his other daughter . Bill tried to shanghai the wedding by bringing in Deacon Sharpe , which caused Hope to be late to the wedding and Liam to think that she had once again walked out on him . He turned to Steffy for comfort and asked her to leave with him and marry him again . Hope went to Liam 's hotel suite , however , and Steffy hid in the bathroom while Hope told Liam what happened . Steffy insisted that Liam go ahead and marry Hope , so the wedding went off without a hitch . Once back in the States , Hope saw a video of Steffy and Liam professing their love for each other and falling into bed together on Hope 's wedding day and refused to sign papers making their marriage legal in the US , wanting another wedding . Liam agrees , and Hope plans another wedding at the Forrester home .
Bobcat
Grave artifacts from dirt domes excavated in the 1980s along the Illinois River revealed a complete skeleton of a young bobcat along with a collar made of bone pendants and shell beads that had been buried by the Hopewell culture . The type and place of burial indicate a tamed and cherished pet or possible spiritual significance . The Hopewell normally buried their dogs , so the bones were initially identified as remains of a puppy , but dogs were usually buried close to the village and not in the mounts themselves . This is the only wild cat decorated burial on the archaeological record .
Society of the United States
A funeral may be held immediately afterwards or the next day . The funeral ceremony varies according to religion and culture . American Catholics typically hold a funeral mass in a church , which sometimes takes the form of a Requiem mass . Jewish Americans may hold a service in a synagogue or temple . Pallbearers carry the coffin of the deceased to the hearse , which then proceeds in a procession to the place of final repose , usually a cemetery . The unique Jazz funeral of New Orleans features joyous and raucous music and dancing during the procession .
History of the United States Constitution
At first , little interest was shown in the parchment object itself . Madison had custody of it as Secretary of State ( 1801 -- 1809 ) but having left Washington , he had lost track of it in the years leading to his death . A publisher had access to it in 1846 for a book on the Constitution . In 1883 historian J. Franklin Jameson found the parchment folded in a small tin box on the floor of a closet at the State , War and Navy Building . In 1894 the State Department sealed the Declaration and Constitution between two glass plates and kept them in a safe .
Axis powers
After the Italian armistice , a vacuum of power opened up in Albania . The Italian occupying forces were rendered largely powerless , as the National Liberation Movement took control of the south and the National Front ( Balli Kombëtar ) took control of the north . Albanians in the Italian army joined the guerrilla forces . In September 1943 the guerrillas moved to take the capital of Tirana , but German paratroopers dropped into the city . Soon after the battle , the German High Command announced that they would recognize the independence of a greater Albania . They organized an Albanian government , police , and military in collaboration with the Balli Kombëtar . The Germans did not exert heavy control over Albania 's administration , but instead attempted to gain popular appeal by giving their political partners what they wanted . Several Balli Kombëtar leaders held positions in the regime . The joint forces incorporated Kosovo , western Macedonia , southern Montenegro , and Presevo into the Albanian state . A High Council of Regency was created to carry out the functions of a head of state , while the government was headed mainly by Albanian conservative politicians . Albania was the only European country occupied by the Axis powers that ended World War II with a larger Jewish population than before the war . The Albanian government had refused to hand over their Jewish population . They provided Jewish families with forged documents and helped them disperse in the Albanian population . Albania was completely liberated on November 29 , 1944 . Serbia
Cremation
Through history and up to the philosophical movements of the current era Modern Orthodox , Orthodox , Haredi , and Hasidic movements in Judaism have maintained a strict biblical line against cremation , and disapprove of it as Halakha ( Jewish law ) forbids it . This halakhic concern is grounded in the upholding of bodily resurrection as a core belief of traditional Judaism , as opposed to other ancient trends such as the Sadduccees , who denied it as well as the clear wording of the Torah in Devarim ( Deuteronomy ) 21 : 23 `` Bury , you will bury him the same day ; for the ( unburied body ) is a curse to God '' with both a positive command derived from this verse to command one to bury a dead body and a negative command forbidding neglecting to bury a dead body . Some from the generally liberal Conservative Jewish also oppose cremation , some very strongly .