vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
House of Commons of the United Kingdom
Although it does not formally elect the prime minister , the position of the parties in the House of Commons is of overriding importance . By convention , the prime minister is answerable to , and must maintain the support of , the House of Commons . Thus , whenever the office of prime minister falls vacant , the Sovereign appoints the person who has the support of the House , or who is most likely to command the support of the House -- normally the leader of the largest party in the Commons , while the leader of the second - largest party becomes the Leader of the Opposition . Since 1963 , by convention , the prime minister is always a member of the House of Commons , rather than the House of Lords .
Vietnam War
Early opposition to U.S. involvement in Vietnam drew its inspiration from the Geneva Conference of 1954 . American support of Diệm in refusing elections was seen as thwarting the democracy America claimed to support . John F. Kennedy , while Senator , opposed involvement in Vietnam . Nonetheless , it is possible to specify certain groups who led the anti-war movement at its peak in the late 1960s and the reasons why . Many young people protested because they were the ones being drafted while others were against the war because the anti-war movement grew increasingly popular among the counterculture . Some advocates within the peace movement advocated a unilateral withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam . Opposition to the Vietnam War tended to unite groups opposed to U.S. anti-communism and imperialism and , for those involved with the New Left such as the Catholic Worker Movement . Others , such as Stephen Spiro opposed the war based on the theory of Just War . Some wanted to show solidarity with the people of Vietnam , such as Norman Morrison emulating the self - immolation of Thích Quảng Đức . Vietnam
House of Commons of Canada
The member of the Government responsible for steering legislation through the House is Leader of the Government in the House of Commons . The Government House Leader ( as he or she is more commonly known ) is a Member of Parliament selected by the Prime Minister and holds cabinet rank . The Leader manages the schedule of the House of Commons , and attempts to secure the Opposition 's support for the Government 's legislative agenda .
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Of those soldiers who served during the war , there was increasing opposition to the conflict amongst GIs , which resulted in fragging and many other activities which hampered the US 's ability to wage war effectively .
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Mothers and older generations of women joined the opposition movement , as advocates for peace and people opposed to the effects of the war and the draft on the generation of young men . These women saw the draft as one of the most disliked parts of the war machine and sought to undermine the war itself through undermining the draft . Another Mother for Peace and WSP often held free draft counseling centers to give young men legal and illegal methods to oppose the draft . Members of Women For Peace showed up at the White House every Sunday for 8 years from 11 to 1 for a peace vigil . Such female antiwar groups often relied on maternalism , the image of women as peaceful caretakers of the world , to express and accomplish their goals . The government often saw middle - aged women involved in such organizations as the most dangerous members of the opposition movement because they were ordinary citizens who quickly and efficiently mobilized .
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
The opposition to the United States ' involvement in the Vietnam War had many effects , which arguably led to the eventual end of the involvement of the United States . Howard Zinn , a controversial historian , states in his book A People 's History of the United States that , `` in the course of the war , there developed in the United States the greatest antiwar movement the nation had ever experienced , a movement that played a critical role in bringing the war to an end . ''
Australia 2022 FIFA World Cup bid
Bid Chairman Frank Lowy AC announced at the bid launch that he has the personal commitment of the then - Australian Prime Minister , Kevin Rudd , who announced the Federal Government 's support for the bid in February 2008 . In December 2008 , Federal minister for sport Kate Ellis announced that the federal government would give Football Federation Australia $45.6 million to fund its World Cup bid preparation . Leader of the Opposition Malcolm Turnbull affirmed the support of the Opposition on 11 December 2008 and again at the formal launch of the bid in June 2009 .
Labour Party (UK)
Blair announced in September 2006 that he would quit as leader within the year , though he had been under pressure to quit earlier than May 2007 in order to get a new leader in place before the May elections which were expected to be disastrous for Labour . In the event , the party did lose power in Scotland to a minority Scottish National Party government at the 2007 elections and , shortly after this , Blair resigned as Prime Minister and was replaced by his Chancellor , Gordon Brown . Although the party experienced a brief rise in the polls after this , its popularity soon slumped to its lowest level since the days of Michael Foot . During May 2008 , Labour suffered heavy defeats in the London mayoral election , local elections and the loss in the Crewe and Nantwich by - election , culminating in the party registering its worst ever opinion poll result since records began in 1943 , of 23 % , with many citing Brown 's leadership as a key factor . Membership of the party also reached a low ebb , falling to 156,205 by the end of 2009 : over 40 per cent of the 405,000 peak reached in 1997 and thought to be the lowest total since the party was founded .
Politics of the Philippines
Opposition leader Benigno Aquino , Jr. was slain upon his return to the country in 1983 . By this time , the government was marred by alleged rampant corruption and allegations of human rights violations . The opposition participated in the 1984 parliamentary election and won several seats , but not enough to topple Marcos ' KBL . To counter growing opposition , Marcos called a snap election in 1986 , the opposition nominated Benigno 's widow Corazon as their candidate . Marcos was declared the winner , but the opposition refused to accept the result , alleging that the election was rigged . The People Power Revolution drove Marcos from power , and Aquino became president . Aquino ruled by decree in 1987 when a new constitution restoring the presidential system was approved . In the ensuing legislative election , the administration parties won most of the seats in Congress .
Political party
When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament , the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation ; depending on a minimum number of seats held , Westminster - based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of senior fellow members of the parliamentary group to serve as critics of aspects of government policy . When a party becomes the largest party not part of the Government , the party 's parliamentary group forms the Official Opposition , with Official Opposition frontbench team members often forming the Official Opposition Shadow cabinet . When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority , the party 's frontbench becomes the Cabinet of government ministers . They are all elected members .
London Company
The first leader of the Virginia Company in England was its treasurer , Sir Thomas Smythe , who arranged the 1609 charter . He had been governor of the East India Company since 1603 and continued with one break until 1620 .
Iran crisis of 1946
The Azerbaijani Democratic Party ( ADP ) was formed in September 1945 and headed by Jafar Pishevari , a long - time leader of the revolutionary movement in Gilan . The ADP expanded throughout Iranian Azerbaijan , and initiated a local coup d'état with help from the Soviet army , who prevented the Iranian army from intervening . During the first week of September 1945 , the Azerbaijani Democratic Party declared itself to be in control of Iranian Azerbaijan , promised liberal democratic reforms , and disbanded the local branch of Tudeh , the Iranian communist party .
Elections in Canada
Canada This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Canada Government The Crown ( show ) Monarch ( Elizabeth II ) Governor General ( Julie Payette ) Monarchy in the provinces Lieutenant governors Executive ( Queen - in - Council ) ( show ) Queen 's Privy Council Prime minister ( Justin Trudeau ) Cabinet ( 29th ministry ) Ministries President of the Privy Council Clerk of the Privy Council Privy Council Office Civil Service Provincial and territorial executive councils Premiers Legislative ( Queen - in - Parliament ) ( show ) Federal parliament Senate Speaker of the Senate Government Leader in the Senate Opposition Leader in the Senate Senate divisions House of Commons Speaker of the house Government Leader in the house Opposition Leader in the house Her Majesty 's Loyal Opposition Leader of the Opposition Shadow cabinet Provincial and territorial parliaments Judicial ( Queen - on - the - Bench ) ( show ) Court system Supreme court Federal chief justice ( Richard Wagner ) Provincial and territorial courts Provincial chief justices Constitution British North America Acts Peace , order , and good government Charter of Rights and Freedoms Elections ( show ) Federal electoral districts Federal electoral system 42nd federal election ( 2015 ) Provincial electoral districts Politics of the provinces Local government ( show ) Municipal government Related topics ( show ) Federalism Structure of the federal government Constitutional law Royal prerogative Regions Political culture Foreign relations Office - holders Political movements Aboriginal self - government First Nations bands Other countries Atlas
Official bilingualism in Canada
Canada This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Canada Government The Crown ( show ) Monarch ( Elizabeth II ) Governor General ( Julie Payette ) Monarchy in the provinces Lieutenant governors Executive ( Queen - in - Council ) ( show ) Queen 's Privy Council Prime minister ( Justin Trudeau ) Cabinet ( 29th ministry ) Ministries President of the Privy Council Clerk of the Privy Council Privy Council Office Civil Service Provincial and territorial executive councils Premiers Legislative ( Queen - in - Parliament ) ( show ) Federal parliament Senate Speaker of the Senate Government Leader in the Senate Opposition Leader in the Senate Senate divisions House of Commons Speaker of the house Government Leader in the house Opposition Leader in the house Her Majesty 's Loyal Opposition Leader of the Opposition Shadow cabinet Provincial and territorial parliaments Judicial ( Queen - on - the - Bench ) ( show ) Court system Supreme court Federal chief justice ( Beverley McLachlin ) Provincial and territorial courts Provincial chief justices Constitution British North America Acts Peace , order , and good government Charter of Rights and Freedoms Elections ( show ) Federal electoral districts Federal electoral system 42nd federal election ( 2015 ) Provincial electoral districts Politics of the provinces Local government ( show ) Municipal government Related topics ( show ) Federalism Structure of the federal government Constitutional law Royal prerogative Regions Political culture Foreign relations Office - holders Political movements Aboriginal self - government First Nations bands Other countries Atlas
British North America Acts
Canada This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Canada Government The Crown ( show ) Monarch ( Elizabeth II ) Governor General ( Julie Payette ) Monarchy in the provinces Lieutenant governors Executive ( Queen - in - Council ) ( show ) Queen 's Privy Council Prime minister ( Justin Trudeau ) Cabinet ( 29th ministry ) Ministries President of the Privy Council Clerk of the Privy Council Privy Council Office Civil Service Provincial and territorial executive councils Premiers Legislative ( Queen - in - Parliament ) ( show ) Federal parliament Senate Speaker of the Senate Government Leader in the Senate Opposition Leader in the Senate Senate divisions House of Commons Speaker of the house Government Leader in the house Opposition Leader in the house Her Majesty 's Loyal Opposition Leader of the Opposition Shadow cabinet Provincial and territorial parliaments Judicial ( Queen - on - the - Bench ) ( show ) Court system Supreme court Federal chief justice ( Beverley McLachlin ) Provincial and territorial courts Provincial chief justices Constitution British North America Acts Peace , order , and good government Charter of Rights and Freedoms Elections ( show ) Federal electoral districts Federal electoral system 42nd federal election ( 2015 ) Provincial electoral districts Politics of the provinces Local government ( show ) Municipal government Related topics ( show ) Federalism Structure of the federal government Constitutional law Royal prerogative Regions Political culture Foreign relations Office - holders Political movements Aboriginal self - government First Nations bands Other countries Atlas
Governor General of Canada
Canada This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Canada Government The Crown ( show ) Monarch ( Elizabeth II ) Governor General ( Julie Payette ) Monarchy in the provinces Lieutenant governors Executive ( Queen - in - Council ) ( show ) Queen 's Privy Council Prime minister ( Justin Trudeau ) Cabinet ( 29th ministry ) Ministries President of the Privy Council Clerk of the Privy Council Privy Council Office Civil Service Provincial and territorial executive councils Premiers Legislative ( Queen - in - Parliament ) ( show ) Federal parliament Senate Speaker of the Senate Government Leader in the Senate Opposition Leader in the Senate Senate divisions House of Commons Speaker of the house Government Leader in the house Opposition Leader in the house Her Majesty 's Loyal Opposition Leader of the Opposition Shadow cabinet Provincial and territorial parliaments Judicial ( Queen - on - the - Bench ) ( show ) Court system Supreme court Federal chief justice ( Beverley McLachlin ) Provincial and territorial courts Provincial chief justices Constitution British North America Acts Peace , order , and good government Charter of Rights and Freedoms Elections ( show ) Federal electoral districts Federal electoral system 42nd federal election ( 2015 ) Provincial electoral districts Politics of the provinces Local government ( show ) Municipal government Related topics ( show ) Federalism Structure of the federal government Constitutional law Royal prerogative Regions Political culture Foreign relations Office - holders Political movements Aboriginal self - government First Nations bands Other countries Atlas
Primary election
Canadian political parties also organize their own elections of party leaders . Not only will the party leader run for a seat in their own chosen riding , they will also become Prime Minister ( in a federal election ) or Premier ( in a province or territory ) should their party win the most seats . If the party wins the second-most seats , the party leader will become Leader of the Official Opposition ; if the party comes third or lower , the leader will still be recognized as the leader of their party , and will be responsible for co-ordinating the activities and affairs of their party 's caucus in the legislature .
Federalist Era
The Anti-Federalist movement opposed the draft Constitution primarily because it lacked a bill of rights . They also objected to the new powerful central government , the loss of prestige for the states , and saw the Constitution as a potential threat to personal liberties . During the ratification process the Anti-Federalists presented a significant opposition in all but three states . The major stumbling block for the Anti-Federalists , according to Elkins and McKitrick 's The Age of Federalism , was that the supporters of the Constitution had been more deeply committed , had cared more , and had outmaneuvered the less energetic opposition . The Anti-Federalists did temporarily prevent ratification in two states , North Carolina and Rhode Island , but both states would ratify the Constitution after 1788 .
History of United States foreign policy
Cleveland had to mobilize support from Southern Democrats to fight the treaty . He sent former Georgia Congressman James H. Blount as a special representative to Hawaii to investigate and provide a solution . Blount was well known for his opposition to imperialism . Blount was also a leader in the white supremacy movement that in the 1890s was ending the right to vote by southern Blacks ... Some observers speculated he would support annexation on grounds of the inability of the Asiatics to govern themselves . Instead , Blount opposed imperialism , and called for the US military to restore of Queen Liliuokalani . He argued that the Hawaii natives should be allowed to continue their `` Asiatic ways . ''
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
When the American public was asked about the Vietnam - era Anti-War movement in the 1990s , 39 % of the public said the approved while 39 % said they disapproved . The last 22 % were unsure .
Prime Minister of Canada
Canada This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Canada Government The Crown ( show ) Monarch ( List of monarchs ) Governor General ( List of Governors General ) Monarchy in the provinces Lieutenant governors Executive ( Queen - in - Council ) ( show ) Queen 's Privy Council Prime minister ( List of Prime Ministers ) Cabinet ( List of Canadian ministries ) Federal government structure President of the Privy Council Clerk of the Privy Council Privy Council Office Civil Service Provincial and territorial executive councils Premiers Legislative ( Queen - in - Parliament ) ( show ) Federal parliament ( List of parliaments ) Senate Speaker of the Senate Government Leader in the Senate Opposition Leader in the Senate Senate divisions House of Commons Speaker of the house Government Leader in the house Opposition Leader in the house Her Majesty 's Loyal Opposition Leader of the Opposition Shadow cabinet Provincial and territorial parliaments Judicial ( Queen - on - the - Bench ) ( show ) Court system Supreme court ( List of justices ) Federal chief justice Provincial and territorial courts Provincial chief justices Constitution British North America Acts Peace , order , and good government Charter of Rights and Freedoms Elections ( show ) Federal electoral districts Federal electoral system ( List of federal elections ) Provincial electoral districts Politics of the provinces Local government ( show ) Municipal government Related topics ( show ) Federalism Conservatism Constitutional law Royal prerogative Liberalism Regions Political culture Foreign relations Office - holders Political movements Aboriginal self - government First Nations bands Canada portal Other countries Atlas
The Bachelor (season 13)
The contestant received a first impression rose . The contestant was originally voted off by the other women , but received a rose instead . The contestant received a rose during the date . The contestant was eliminated . The contestant was eliminated during the date . The contestant quit the competition . The contestant won the competition .
Emancipation Proclamation
On June 11 , 1963 , President Kennedy appeared on national television to address the issue of civil rights . Kennedy , who had been routinely criticized as timid by some of the leaders of the Civil Rights Movement , told Americans that two black students had been peacefully enrolled in the University of Alabama with the aid the National Guard despite the opposition of Governor George Wallace .
Equal Rights Amendment
Many ERA supporters blamed their defeat on special interest forces , especially the insurance industry and conservative organizations , suggesting they funded an opposition that subverted the democratic process and the will of the pro-ERA majority . They argued that while the public face of the anti-ERA movement was Phyllis Schlafly and her STOP ERA organization , there were other important groups in the opposition as well , such as the powerful National Council of Catholic Women , labor feminists , and ( until 1973 ) the AFL -- CIO . Opposition to the amendment was particularly high among religious conservatives , who argued that the amendment would guarantee universal abortion rights and the right for homosexual couples to marry . Critchlow and Stachecki say the anti-ERA movement was based on strong support among Southern whites , Evangelical Christians , Mormons , Orthodox Jews , and Roman Catholics , including both men and women . Sonia Johnson , a traditionally raised Mormon housewife whose eventual feminist advocacy for the ERA 's passage led to her excommunication by the LDS church , subsequently wrote about her experiences in the memoir From Housewife to Heretic . ( Johnson and others led a hunger strike / fast at the Illinois state senate building in an effort to push Illinois toward ratification before the deadline of 1982 . )
The Bahamas
Legislative power is vested In a bicameral parliament , which consists of a 38 - member House of Assembly ( the lower house ) , with members elected from single - member districts , and a 16 - member Senate , with members appointed by the Governor - General , including nine on the advice of the Prime Minister , four on the advice of the Leader of Her Majesty 's Loyal Opposition , and three on the advice of the Prime Minister after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition . The House of Assembly carries out all major legislative functions . As under the Westminster system , the Prime Minister may dissolve Parliament and call a general election at any time within a five - year term .
Pokhran-II
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif had been under intense pressure regarding the nuclear tests by President Bill Clinton and Opposition leader Benazir Bhutto at home . Initially surprising the world , Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif authorised nuclear testing program and the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission ( PAEC ) carried out nuclear testings under the codename Chagai - I on 28 May 1998 and Chagai - II on 30 May 1998 . These six underground nuclear tests at the Chagai and Kharan test site were conducted fifteen days after India 's last test . The total yield of the tests was reported to be 40 kt ( see codename : Chagai - I ) .