vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Wealth inequality in the United States
Just prior to President Obama 's 2014 State of the Union Address , media reported that the top wealthiest 1 % possess 40 % of the nation 's wealth ; the bottom 80 % own 7 % ; similarly , but later , the media reported , the `` richest 1 percent in the United States now own more additional income than the bottom 90 percent '' . The gap between the top 10 % and the middle class is over 1,000 % ; that increases another 1,000 % for the top 1 % . The average employee `` needs to work more than a month to earn what the CEO earns in one hour . '' Although different from income inequality , the two are related . In Inequality for All -- a 2013 documentary with Robert Reich in which he argued that income inequality is the defining issue for the United States -- Reich states that 95 % of economic gains went to the top 1 % net worth ( HNWI ) since 2009 when the recovery allegedly started . More recently , in 2017 , an Oxfam study found that eight rich people , six of them Americans , own as much combined wealth as half the human race .
Titanic (1997 film)
Quotes in the film aided its popularity . Titanic 's catchphrase `` I 'm the king of the world ! '' became one of the film industry 's more popular quotations . According to Richard Harris , a psychology professor at Kansas State University , who studied why people like to cite films in social situations , using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others . `` People are doing it to feel good about themselves , to make others laugh , to make themselves laugh '' , he said .
Vermont
Vermont collects a state personal income tax in a progressive structure of five different income brackets , with marginal tax rates ranging from 3.6 % to 9.5 % . In 2008 , the top 1 % of Vermont residents provided 30 % of the income tax revenue ; around 2,000 people had sufficient income to be taxed at the highest marginal rate of 9.5 % .
Wealth inequality in the United States
According to the Congressional Budget Office , between 1979 and 2007 incomes of the top 1 % of Americans grew by an average of 275 %. ... ( Note : The IRS insists that comparisons of adjusted gross income pre-1987 and post-1987 are complicated by large changes in the definition of AGI led to households in the top income quintile reporting a lot more of their income in their individual income tax form 's AGI , rather than reporting their business income in separate corporate tax returns , or not reporting certain non-taxable income in their AGI at all , such as municipal bond income . Anyone who wants to discuss incomes in the U.S. fairly must include a chart of all available data split by quintile up to the mid-1980s . That should be followed by a chart from 1990 to 2011 . The five - year gap would avoid the major AGI definition changes . The big picture of this subject is not just a segment of all available data starting in 1979 , especially after the IRS warned about the large AGI definition changes in the late 1980 's ) . In addition , IRS studies consistently show a majority of households in the top income quintile have moved to a lower quintile within one decade . There are even more changes to households in the top 1 % . Without including those data here , a reader is likely to assume households in the Top 1 % are almost the same from year to year . ) In 2009 , people in the top 1 % of taxpayers made $343,927 or more . According to US economist Joseph Stiglitz the richest 1 % of Americans gained 93 % of the additional income created in 2010 . A study by Emmanuel Saez and Piketty showed that the top 10 percent of earners took more than half of the country 's total income in 2012 , the highest level recorded since the government began collecting the relevant data a century ago . People in the top one percent were three times more likely to work more than 50 hours a week , were more likely to be self - employed , and earned a fifth of their income as capital income . The top one percent was composed of many professions and had an annual turnover rate of more than 25 % . The five most common professions were managers , physicians , administrators , lawyers , and teachers .
Yosemite National Park
After these wars , a number of Native Americans continued to live within the boundaries of Yosemite . A number of Indians supported the growing tourism industry by working as laborers or maids . Later , Indians became part of the tourism industry itself by selling baskets or performing for tourists . A reconstructed `` Indian Village of Ahwahnee '' has been erected behind the Yosemite Museum , located next to the Yosemite Valley Visitor Center .
Economy of England in the Middle Ages
There were advances in manufacturing , especially in the South and West . Despite some French attacks , the war created much coastal prosperity thanks to the huge expenditure on shipbuilding during the war , and the South - West also became a centre for English piracy against foreign vessels . Metalworking continued to grow , and in particular pewter working , which generated exports second only to cloth . By the 15th century pewter working in London was a large industry , with a hundred pewter workers recorded in London alone , and pewter working had also spread from the capital to eleven major cities across England . London goldsmithing remained significant but saw relatively little growth , with around 150 goldsmiths working in London during the period . Iron - working continued to expand and in 1509 the first cast - iron cannon was made in England . This was reflected in the rapid growth in the number of iron - working guilds , from three in 1300 to fourteen by 1422 .
Health care in the United States
States like California offer insurance coverage for children of low income families , but not for adults ; other states do not offer such coverage at all : both parent and child are caught in the notorious coverage `` gap . '' Although EMTALA certainly keeps alive many working - class people who are badly injured , the 1986 law neither requires the provision of preventive or rehabilitative care , nor subsidizes such care , and it does nothing about the difficulties in the American mental health system .
Economic history of Argentina
Argentina possesses definite comparative advantages in agriculture , as the country is endowed with a vast amount of highly fertile land . Between 1860 and 1930 , exploitation of the rich land of the pampas strongly pushed economic growth . During the first three decades of the 20th century , Argentina outgrew Canada and Australia in population , total income , and per capita income . By 1913 , Argentina was the world 's 10th wealthiest nation per capita .
Income inequality in the United States
From about 1937 to 1947 , a period dubbed as the `` Great Compression '' -- income inequality in the United States fell dramatically . Highly progressive New Deal taxation , the strengthening of unions , and regulation of the National War Labor Board during World War II raised the income of the poor and working class and lowered that of top earners . From the early 20th century , when income statistics started to become available , there has been a `` great economic arc '' from high inequality `` to relative equality and back again '' , according to Nobel laureate economist Paul Krugman .
United States Postal Service
A January 2014 report by the Inspector General of the USPS suggested that the agency could earn $8.9 billion per year in revenue by providing financial services , especially in areas where there are no local banks but there is a local post office , and to customers who currently do not have bank accounts .
Poverty in the United Kingdom
The Institute for Fiscal Studies says the benefit rate freeze and child tax credit cuts , together with the rollout of universal credit , which is less generous due to changes in work allowances , means , `` large losses '' for low - income households . John McDonnell said the IFS analysis showed a `` clear threat '' to working people 's living standards , while the Liberal Democrats claimed the `` savage cuts '' would make millions of households poorer . Projected benefit cuts will lead to the poorest working - age households losing between 4 % and 10 % of their income a year , according to the IFS . Fewer than one in ten British people believe all work is fair and decent . 75 % think more should be done to make work fairer . Many British people suffer insecure work with zero hours contracts . Nearly half of workers are anxious over basic household expenses like food , transport and energy . One in six workers had left the heating off despite it being cold to save on fuel bills , and similar numbers had pawned possessions in the previous year because they were short of money . Rents are rising and housing benefit is not rising to match this . Families are forced into increasing poverty , some facing a daily struggle to pay their rent and put food on their table . Some risk homelessness . Families with children are most affected and two thirds of affected families are in work . Homelessness has risen over the last six years and the National Audit Office thinks welfare reforms and a freeze in housing benefit are a likely cause .
Household income in the United States
According to Leonard Beeghley a household income of roughly $95,000 would be typical of a dual - earner middle class household while $60,000 would be typical of a dual - earner working class household and $18,000 typical for an impoverished household . William Thompson and Joseph Hickey see common incomes for the upper class as those exceeding $500,000 with upper middle class incomes ranging from the high 5 - figures to most commonly in excess of $100,000 . They claim the lower middle class ranges from $35,000 to $75,000 ; $16,000 to $30,000 for the working class and less than $2,000 for the lower class .
Mark Labbett
Labbett became interested in quizzing when working at Butlins holiday camp , where he supplemented his income with winnings from the quiz machines . His pub quiz team won a weekend in Paris in April 2001 after competing in the national competition , Jumbo Quiz .
Barberton, Ohio
During the 1980s Barberton suffered a precipitous economic decline due to restructuring in heavy industry and job losses , similar to much of the rest of the industrial American Midwest . It was in many ways representative of a typical Rust Belt city . During this period , the city lost a large part of its economic base as factories shuttered and stores went vacant . The Magic City : Unemployment in a Working - Class Community ( Cornell University Press , 1989 ) documents the consequences of the migration of major industry from the region and the responses of residents to such dramatic changes .
National identification number
People who do not permanently reside in Norway have been assigned a D - number upon registration in the population register . The D - number is like a birth number , but with the day of the month increased by 40 . D comes from the Norwegian name of an authority for sailors , which previously issued those numbers , usually to sailors on board Norwegian ships . Nowadays foreign seasonal workers , for example in the tourist industry , get D - numbers .
Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act
The applicable median income figure is adjusted by family size . Generally , the larger the family , the greater the applicable median income figure and the more money the debtor must earn before a presumption of abuse arises . A chart of the most recent applicable median incomes by state can be found at the US Trustee 's website .
History of the United Kingdom
The postwar period also witnessed significant improvements in housing conditions . In 1960 , 14 % of British households had no inside toilet , while in 1967 22 % of all homes had no basic hot water supply . By the 1990s , most homes had these amenities together with central heating , which was a luxury just two decades before . From 1996 / 7 to 2006 / 7 , real median household income increased by 20 % while real mean household incomes increased by 23 % . There has also been a shift towards a service - based economy in the years following the end of the Second World War , with 11 % of working people employed in manufacturing in 2006 , compared with 25 % in 1971 .
Lobbying in the United States
While national - level lobbyists working in Washington have the highest salaries , many lobbyists operating at the state level can earn substantial salaries . The table shows the top lobbyists in one state -- Maryland -- in 2011 .
Taxation in the United States
Income taxes in the form of `` faculty '' taxes were imposed by the colonies . These combined income and property tax characteristics , and the income element persisted after 1776 in a few states . Several states adopted income taxes in 1837 . Wisconsin adopted a corporate and individual income tax in 1911 , and was the first to administer the tax with a state tax administration .
Afghanistan
It was reported in 2006 that nearly 60 % of the Afghan population lives within a two - hour walk of the nearest health facility . Disability rate is also high in Afghanistan due to the decades of war . It was reported recently that about 80,000 people are missing limbs . Non-governmental charities such as Save the Children and Mahboba 's Promise assist orphans in association with governmental structures . Demographic and Health Surveys is working with the Indian Institute of Health Management Research and others to conduct a survey in Afghanistan focusing on maternal death , among other things .
United Kingdom
The automotive industry is a significant part of the UK manufacturing sector and employs around 800,000 people , with a turnover in 2015 of some £ 70 billion , generating £ 34.6 billion of exports ( 11.8 % of the UK 's total export goods ) . In 2015 , the UK produced around 1.6 million passenger vehicles and 94,500 commercial vehicles . The UK is a major centre for engine manufacturing and in 2015 around 2.4 million engines were produced in the country . The UK has a significant presence in motor racing and the UK motorsport industry employs around 41,000 people , comprises around 4,500 companies and has an annual turnover of around £ 6 billion .
Vermont
Agriculture contributed 2.2 % of the state 's domestic product in 2000 . In 2000 about 3 % of the state 's working population engaged in agriculture . As of 2014 , the Pew Research Center estimated that farms in the state employed fewer than 5,000 illegal immigrants . In 2017 , Vermont Governor Phil Scott announce that the state was `` exploring a legal challenge '' to the executive order signed by President Donald Trump for Vermont law enforcement authorities to cooperate with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and `` perform the functions of immigration officers in relation to the investigation , apprehension , or detention of aliens '' . Dairy
Jeffersonian democracy
Jeffersonian agrarians held that the economy of the United States should rely more on agriculture for strategic commodities than on industry . Jefferson specifically believed , `` Those who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God , if He ever had a chosen people , whose breast He has made His peculiar deposit for substantial and genuine virtue . '' However , Jeffersonian ideals are not opposed to all manufacturing ; rather , he believed that all people have the right to work to provide for their own subsistence and that an economic system which undermines that right is unacceptable .
Italian Australians
In addition , even Australian travellers , like Randolph Bedford , who visited Italy in the 1870s and 1880s , admitted the convenience of having a larger intake of Italian workers into Australia . Bedford stated that Italians would adjust to the Australian climate better than the ' pale ' English migrant . As the job opportunities attracted so many British people to the colonies to be employed in agriculture , certainly the Italian peasant , accustomed to be a hard - worker , `` frugal and sober '' , would be a very good immigrant for the Australia soil . Many Italian immigrants had extensive knowledge of Mediterranean - style farming techniques , which were better suited to cultivating Australia 's harsh interior than the Northern - European methods in use previous to their arrival .
Midwestern United States
The introduction and broad adoption of scientific agriculture since the mid-19th century contributed to economic growth in the United States . This development was facilitated by the Morrill Act and the Hatch Act of 1887 which established in each state a land - grant university ( with a mission to teach and study agriculture ) and a federally funded system of agricultural experiment stations and cooperative extension networks which place extension agents in each state . Iowa State University became the nation 's first designated land - grant institution when the Iowa Legislature accepted the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act on September 11 , 1862 , making Iowa the first state in the nation to do so .
Tariff
For example , when workers can not move from one industry to another - usually because they do not have the right skills or do not live in the right place - changes in the economy 's comparative advantage will not shift them to a more appropriate industry , but rather to unemployment or precarious and unproductive jobs . Unrealistic
Indigenous Australians
Throughout the majority of the 19th and 20th centuries , Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people had their lives under the jurisdiction of various state - based protection acts . These acts appointed protectors , whose role was to ensure the safety of Indigenous Australians as well as controlling their live in matters of employment and marriage . Indigenous Australians received less income than their non-Indigenous counterparts in employment , which led to events such as the Gurindji strike . Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Queensland in particular had their income quarantined by the protector and were allowed a minimal amount of their income . Since 1999 , the Queensland Government , under pressure from the Queensland Council of Unions , has established a number of schemes to give any earned income not received at the time back to Indigenous Australians .
Oklahoma
The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma , literally meaning red people . Choctaw Nation Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government on the use of Indian Territory , in which he envisioned an all - Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs . Equivalent to the English word Indian , okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language that described Native American people as a whole . Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory , and it was officially approved in 1890 , two years after the area was opened to white settlers .
Social class in the United States
Per capita household income , the income a household is able to allocate to each member of the household is also an important variable in determining a given household 's standard of living . A high household income may be offset by a large household size ; thus , resulting in a low per capita household income . In 2005 , the median household income per capita was $24,672 .
Pete Maravich
Maravich appeared in 81 games and averaged 23.2 points per contest -- good enough to earn NBA All - Rookie Team honors . And he managed to blend his style with his teammates , so much so that Hudson set a career high by scoring 26.8 points per game . But the team stumbled to a 36 -- 46 record -- 12 wins fewer than in the previous season . Still , the Hawks qualified for the playoffs , where they lost to the New York Knicks in the first round .
Household income in the United States
Household income in the United States varies substantially with the age of the person who heads the household . Overall , the median household income increased with the age of householder until retirement age when household income started to decline . The highest median household income was found among households headed by working baby - boomers .
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
The level of damage to the economy resulting from the tsunami depends on the scale examined . While local economies were devastated , the overall impact to the national economies was minor . The two main occupations affected by the tsunami were fishing and tourism . The impact on coastal fishing communities and the people living there , some of the poorest in the region , has been devastating with high losses of income earners as well as boats and fishing gear . In Sri Lanka artisanal fishery , where the use of fish baskets , fishing traps , and spears are commonly used , is an important source of fish for local markets ; industrial fishery is the major economic activity , providing direct employment to about 250,000 people . In recent years the fishery industry has emerged as a dynamic export - oriented sector , generating substantial foreign exchange earnings . Preliminary estimates indicate that 66 % of the fishing fleet and industrial infrastructure in coastal regions have been destroyed by the wave surges , which will have adverse economic effects both at local and national levels .
International Financial Reporting Standards
present all non-owner changes in equity ( that is , ' comprehensive income ' ) either in one Statement of comprehensive income or in two statements ( a separate income statement and a statement of comprehensive income ) . Components of comprehensive income may not be presented in the Statement of changes in equity . present a statement of financial position ( balance sheet ) as of the beginning of the earliest comparative period in a complete set of financial statements when the entity applies the new standard . present a statement of cash flow . make necessary disclosure by the way of a note .
Early 1980s recession
According to Keynesian economists , a combination of deficit spending and the lowering of interest rates would slowly lead to economic recovery . However , conservatives insist that the significantly - lower tax rates caused the recovery . From a high of 10.8 % in December 1982 , unemployment gradually improved until it fell to 7.2 % on Election Day in 1984 . Nearly two million people left the unemployment rolls . Inflation fell from 10.3 % in 1981 to 3.2 % in 1983 . Corporate income rose by 29 % in the July -- September quarter of 1983 , compared with the same period in 1982 . Some of the most dramatic improvements came in industries that were the hardest hit by the recession , such as paper and forest products , rubber , airlines , and the auto industry .
Income inequality in the United States
Economist Paul Krugman , attacks conservatives for resorting to `` extraordinary series of attempts at statistical distortion '' . He argues that while in any given year , some of the people with low incomes will be `` workers on temporary layoff , small businessmen taking writeoffs , farmers hit by bad weather '' -- the rise in their income in succeeding years is not the same ' mobility ' as poor people rising to middle class or middle income rising to wealth . It 's the mobility of `` the guy who works in the college bookstore and has a real job by his early thirties . ''