vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
English contract law
The resolution of these restrictions came shortly after 1585 , when a new Court of Exchequer Chamber was established to hear common law appeals . In 1602 , in Slade v Morley , a grain merchant named Slade claimed that Morley had agreed to buy wheat and rye for £ 16 , but then had backed out . Actions for debt were in the jurisdiction of the Court of Common Pleas , which had required both ( 1 ) proof of a debt , and ( 2 ) a subsequent promise to repay the debt , so that a finding of deceit ( for non-payment ) could be made against a defendant . But if a claimant wanted to simply demand payment of the contractual debt ( rather than a subsequent promise to pay ) he could have to risk a wager of law . The judges of the Court of the King 's Bench was prepared to allow `` assumpsit '' actions ( for obligations being assumed ) simply from proof of the original agreement . With a majority in the Exchquer Chamber , after six years Lord Popham CJ held that `` every contract importeth in itself an Assumpsit '' . Around the same time the Common Pleas indicated a different limit for contract enforcement in Bret v JS , that `` natural affection of itself is not a sufficient consideration to ground an assumpsit '' and there had to be some `` express quid pro quo '' . Now that wager of law , and sealed covenants were essentially unnecessary , the Statute of Frauds 1677 codified the contract types that were thought should still require some form . Over the late 17th and 18th centuries Sir John Holt , and then Lord Mansfield actively incorporated the principles of international trade law and custom into English common law as they saw it : principles of commercial certainty , good faith , fair dealing , and the enforceability of seriously intended promises . As Lord Mansfield held , `` Mercantile law is not the law of a particular country but the law of all nations '' , and `` the law of merchants and the law of the land is the same '' . '
List of Formula One broadcasters
TV broadcasters all take what is known as the ' World Feed ' , which since 2007 has been produced by FOM ( Formula One Management ) , for almost every round of the World Championship . Every race is produced in 16 : 9 widescreen .
Angel of the Lord
In Evangelical Christianity , some commentators interpret the phrase `` Angel of the Lord '' in the Hebrew Scriptures to refer to a pre-human appearance of Jesus Christ or Christophany . Others comment the functions of the Angel of the Lord prefigure Christ , and there is no clear mention of the Angel of the Lord in the New Testament because the Messiah himself is this person .
Watchman (law enforcement)
Allowances were usually made for people who had some social status on their side . Lord Fielding clearly expected to pass through London 's streets untroubled at 1 am one night in 1641 , and he quickly became piqued when his coach was stopped by the watch , shouting huffily that it was a ' disgrace ' to stop someone of such high standing as he , and telling the constable in charge of the watch that he would box him on the ears if he did not let his coach carry on back to his house . ' It is impossible ' to ' distinguish a lord from another man by the outside of a coach ' , the constable said later in his defence , ' especially at unreasonable times ' .
Angel of the Lord
In the New Testament the Greek phrase ἄγγελος Κυρίου ( aggelos kuriou -- `` angel of the Lord '' ) is found in Matthew 1 : 20 , 1 : 24 , 2 : 13 , 2 : 19 , 28 : 2 ; Luke 1 : 11 , 2 : 9 ; John 5 : 4 ; Acts 5 : 19 , 8 : 26 , 12 : 7 , and 12 : 23 . None of these are citations from the Old Testament and English translations render the phrase either as `` an angel of the Lord '' or as `` the angel of the Lord '' . The mentions in Acts 12 : 11 and Revelation 22 : 6 of `` his angel '' ( the Lord 's angel ) can also be understood as referring either to the angel of the Lord or an angel of the Lord .
List of Madagascar (franchise) characters
X returns in the episode `` What Goes Around '' when he tries to capture the penguins when they are found out of the zoo on the streets of New York , but the subsequent chase results in X losing his job due to the scale of the damage he had caused and the public 's lack of belief that penguins were responsible for his actions . He was arrested on vandalism charges creating the mess resulting from his and the penguins ' encounter .
Free market
Critics , such as political economist Karl Polanyi , question whether a spontaneously ordered market can exist , completely free of `` distortions '' of political policy ; claiming that even the ostensibly freest markets require a state to exercise coercive power in some areas -- to enforce contracts , to govern the formation of labor unions , to spell out the rights and obligations of corporations , to shape who has standing to bring legal actions , to define what constitutes an unacceptable conflict of interest , etc .
Elgin Marbles
In 1801 , Thomas Bruce , 7th Earl of Elgin obtained a firman , which was an official decree , from the Sublime Porte , the central government of the Ottoman Empire which where then the legal rulers of Greece . Elgin was also later approved by a second firman which allowed for the shipping of the marbles from the Piraeus . From 1801 to 1812 , the Earl 's agents removed about half of the surviving sculptures of the Parthenon , as well as sculptures from the Propylaea and Erechtheum . The Marbles were transported by sea to Britain . In Britain , the acquisition of the collection was supported by some , while some others , such as Lord Byron , likened the Earl 's actions to vandalism .
We Didn't Start the Fire
Billy Joel captured the major images , events , and personalities of this half - century in a three - minute song ... It was pure information overload , a song that assumed we knew exactly what he was singing about ... What was truly alarming was the realization that we , the listeners , for the most part understood the references .
History of Vietnam
In 1771 , the Tây Sơn revolution broke out in Quy Nhơn , which was under the control of the Nguyễn lord . The leaders of this revolution were three brothers named Nguyễn Nhạc , Nguyễn Lữ , and Nguyễn Huệ , not related to the Nguyễn lords . By 1776 , the Tây Sơn had occupied all of the Nguyễn Lord 's land and killed almost the entire royal family . The surviving prince Nguyễn Phúc Ánh ( often called Nguyễn Ánh ) fled to Siam , and obtained military support from the Siamese king . Nguyễn Ánh came back with 50,000 Siamese troops to regain power , but was defeated at the Battle of Rạch Gầm -- Xoài Mút and almost killed . Nguyễn Ánh fled Vietnam , but he did not give up .
Tom Lehrer
`` The copyist arrived at the last minute with the parts and passed them out to the band ... And there was no title on it , and there was no lyrics . And so they ran through it , ' what a pleasant little waltz ' ... And the engineer said , ' '' Poisoning Pigeons in the Park , ' take one , '' and the piano player said , ' `` What ? '' ' and literally fell off the stool . ''
Lord
Philippine languages have different words for `` lord '' , some of which are cognates . Tagalog has Panginoón for `` lord '' in both the noble and the religious senses . Its root , ginoo , is also found in Visayan languages like Cebuano as the term for `` lord '' . Ginoo is also the Tagalog root for Ginoóng , the modern equivalent of the English term `` Mister '' ( akin to how Romance language terms like señor may be glossed as either `` lord '' , `` mister '' , or `` sir '' ) . Ilocano meanwhile employs Apo for `` Lord '' in religious contexts ; it is a particle that generally accords respect to an addressee of higher status than the speaker .
Elf (Middle-earth)
Returning to Middle - earth , Ingwë , Finwë and Elwë convinced a large host to take the Great Journey to Valinor . Not all Elves accepted the summons though , and those who did not became known as the Avari , The Unwilling .
Space Race
... if we are to win the battle that is now going on around the world between freedom and tyranny , the dramatic achievements in space which occurred in recent weeks should have made clear to us all , as did the Sputnik in 1957 , the impact of this adventure on the minds of men everywhere , who are attempting to make a determination of which road they should take ... Now it is time to take longer strides -- time for a great new American enterprise -- time for this nation to take a clearly leading role in space achievement , which in many ways may hold the key to our future on Earth .
Git
Linus Torvalds wanted a distributed system that he could use like BitKeeper , but none of the available free systems met his needs , especially for performance . Torvalds cited an example of a source - control management system needing 30 seconds to apply a patch and update all associated metadata , and noted that this would not scale to the needs of Linux kernel development , where syncing with fellow maintainers could require 250 such actions at once . For his design criteria , he specified that patching should take no more than three seconds , and added three more points :
House of Lords
Members of the House enter one of two lobbies ( the content lobby or the not - content lobby ) on either side of the Chamber , where their names are recorded by clerks . At each lobby are two Tellers ( themselves members of the House ) who count the votes of the Lords . The Lord Speaker may not take part in the vote . Once the division concludes , the Tellers provide the results thereof to the presiding officer , who then announces them to the House .
List of Game of Thrones characters
Petyr attempts to have his guards take Brienne into their custody , but she flees with Podrick , stealing a horse and releasing several others . Petyr arranges a marriage between Sansa Stark and Ramsay Bolton so that Sansa can return to Winterfell , though Ramsay brutally rapes Sansa on their wedding night despite Ramsay 's promise to never harm her . After dropping Sansa off at Winterfell , he leaves for King 's Landing , where he provides a prostitute named Olyvar for Cersei to convict Loras Tyrell of his homosexuality . He also promises to march North with the strength of the Vale in his back to depose whatever victor comes out of the struggle between Roose Bolton and Stannis Baratheon , and swears to Cersei to bring her Sansa 's head if he succeeds . In return , Cersei promises to make him Warden of the North in addition to already claimed titles of Lord of Harrenhal and Lord Paramount of the Vale . However , Baelish later betrays Cersei by providing Olenna Tyrell with information about her affair with Lancel Lannister , which Olenna then uses to have Cersei arrested by the High Sparrow . In season six , after hearing of Sansa 's escape from Winterfell , Baelish rides North to her aid and apologises for having underestimated Ramsay , but Sansa refuses to believe him and sends him away . However , Baelish later receives a call for help from Sansa to aid her and Jon Snow in retaking Winterfell from Ramsay , and he and the Vale Knights arrive in time to smash the Bolton army and secure victory for the Starks . He later approaches Sansa and admits that he desires to sit on the Iron Throne with Sansa as his Queen , but she turns him down . As Jon is declared the new King in the North , Baelish glares sinisterly at Sansa , clearly intending to take action against them . In the seventh season , he remains at Winterfell , where he continues to mentor Sansa in political intrigue . He sees Arya as a threat and through manipulation and poisoned words he encourages Sansa and Arya to think the worst of each other . He does not see the threat from Bran , who can see all of his past actions .
Humanism
The umanisti criticised what they considered the barbarous Latin of the universities , but the revival of the humanities largely did not conflict with the teaching of traditional university subjects , which went on as before .
Joan of Arc
At the age of sixteen , she asked a relative named Durand Lassois to take her to the nearby town of Vaucouleurs , where she petitioned the garrison commander , Robert de Baudricourt , for an armed escort to bring her to the French Royal Court at Chinon . Baudricourt 's sarcastic response did not deter her . She returned the following January and gained support from two of Baudricourt 's soldiers : Jean de Metz and Bertrand de Poulengy . According to Jean de Metz , she told him that `` I must be at the King 's side ... there will be no help ( for the kingdom ) if not from me . Although I would rather have remained spinning ( wool ) at my mother 's side ... yet must I go and must I do this thing , for my Lord wills that I do so . '' Under the auspices of Metz and Poulengy , she was given a second meeting , where she made a prediction about a military reversal at the Battle of Rouvray near Orléans several days before messengers arrived to report it . According to the Journal du Siége d'Orléans , which portrays Joan as a miraculous figure , Joan came to know of the battle through `` grace divine '' while tending her flocks in Lorraine and used this divine revelation to persuade Baudricort to take her to the Dauphin .
Lord & Taylor
In May 2018 it was announced that Walmart would begin carrying Lord & Taylor products on their website . A few weeks later , HBC announced they would be closing up to ten Lord & Taylor stores , including the 5th Avenue location .
House of Lords
This reform of the post of Lord Chancellor was made due to the perceived constitutional anomalies inherent in the role . The Lord Chancellor was not only the Speaker of the House of Lords , but also a member of the Cabinet ; his or her department , formerly the Lord Chancellor 's Department , is now called the Ministry of Justice . The Lord Chancellor is no longer the head of the judiciary of England and Wales . Hitherto , the Lord Chancellor was part of all three branches of government : the legislative , the executive , and the judicial .
Causes of the Great Depression
There is an ongoing debate between historians as to what extent President Calvin Coolidge 's laissez - faire hands - off attitude has contributed to the Great Depression . Despite a growing rate of bank failures he did not heed voices that predicted the lack of banking regulation as potentially dangerous . He did not listen to members of Congress warning that stock speculation had gone too far and he ignored criticisms that workers did not participate sufficiently in the prosperity of the Roaring Twenties .
30 Days of Night (film)
Filming did not begin immediately , but in a September 2006 interview , executive producer Mike Richardson said that 30 Days of Night would be shot on 35 mm film , though there had been discussion to shoot the film on Genesis . In an interview prior to filming , Slade explained that the illustrations of the graphic novel 's illustrator , Ben Templesmith , would be reflected in production design . Slade also considered Nelson 's draft to be the most faithful to the graphic novel . He also stated his intention to make a `` scary vampire film '' , of which he did n't think there were many . `` The rest of them , they fall into all kinds of traps . We 're going to try to do our best ... and one of the ways we have to do it is be more naturalistic than the graphic novel , because it 's very over-the - top , '' said Slade . There was also concern expressed that while the vampires needed to communicate , talking might lessen the effect . To counter this , a fictional vampire language , with click consonants , was constructed with the help of a professor of linguistics and the nearby University of Auckland . Slade explained `` we designed this really simple language that did n't sound like any particular accent that you would be aware of , that was based around really simple actions , eating , hunting , yes , no , really basic , because that 's what vampires do . ''
Claire Underwood
She shows remorse for her actions only once . When another of McGinnis ' victims , Megan Hennessy ( Libby Woodbridge ) , comes forward , Claire uses her as the poster girl for the sexual assault bill , leaving the fragile young woman open to public scrutiny and reprisals from the bill 's opponents . Before she can testify about her ordeal before Congress , however , Megan suffers a breakdown and attempts suicide . Upon realizing what she has caused Megan to go through , Claire bursts into tears .
Confirmation in the Catholic Church
Recall then that you have received the spiritual seal , the Spirit of wisdom and understanding and courage , the spirit of right judgment and courage , the spirit of knowledge and reverence , the Spirit of holy fear in God 's presence . Guard what you have received . God our Father has marked you with his sign ; Christ the Lord has confirmed you and has placed his pledge , the Spirit , in your heart .
Constitution of the United Kingdom
Changes also include the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 which alters the structure of the House of Lords to separate its judicial and legislative functions . For example , the legislative , judicial and executive functions of the Lord Chancellor are now shared between the Lord Chancellor ( executive ) , Lord Chief Justice ( judicial ) and the newly created post of Lord Speaker ( legislative ) . The role of Law Lord ( a member of the judiciary in the House of Lords ) was abolished by transferring them to the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in October 2009 .
List of Game of Thrones characters
He returns to Riverrun during season 3 before his older brother 's death to make amends . He serves as both an adviser and confidant for both his niece Catelyn and grandnephew King Robb Stark . At Edmure 's wedding to Roslin Frey at the Twins , Brynden excuses himself from the feast to `` find a tree to piss on '' , and by so doing narrowly escapes the ensuing Red Wedding massacre when the Freys and Boltons betray the Starks . Lord Frey is visibly untouched by the man 's absence , while Roose Bolton appears disturbed , aware that Brynden is capable of holding Riverrun ( which has been granted to Lord Frey as payment ) against the Iron Throne even with its technical lord , Edmure , in captivity . Brynden indeed retakes Riverrun from the Freys and holds it in Robb 's name , refusing to surrender even when Edmure 's life is threatened . The castle eventually falls when Edmure is allowed inside and gives the order to stand down . Brynden , however , refuses to surrender and chooses to fight to the death . He is later reported dead . Roslin Frey ( season 3 ) portrayed by Alexandra Dowling . Roslin Tully ( née Frey ) is Lord Walder Frey 's daughter and considered the most beautiful one . She was previously the intended bride for Robb Stark , who was unaware of her beauty and went on to marry Talisa Maegyr instead . She is married to Lord Edmure Tully as compensation at what becomes known as the Red Wedding . In the sixth season , it is mentioned that Roslin has given birth to Edmure 's child .
Angel of the Lord
The following are examples of use of the term `` angel of the Lord '' :
House of Lords
The judicial functions could also be exercised by Lords of Appeal ( other members of the House who happened to have held high judicial office ) . No Lord of Appeal in Ordinary or Lord of Appeal could sit judicially beyond the age of seventy - five . The judicial business of the Lords was supervised by the Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and their deputy , the Second Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary .
Lord
The Scottish title Laird is a shortened form of ' laverd ' which is an old Scottish word deriving from an Anglo - Saxon term meaning ' Lord ' and is also derived from the middle English word ' Lard ' also meaning ' Lord ' . The word is generally used to refer to any owner of a landed estate and has no meaning in heraldic terms and its use is not controlled by the Lord Lyon .
Lord
In English language Old Testament Bibles such as the King James Version , the Hebrew name YHWH ( the Tetragrammaton ) is usually rendered `` the Lord '' . This usage follows the Jewish practice of substituting the spoken Hebrew word `` Adonai '' ( `` My Lords '' ) for appearances of YHWH . Christianity : Jesus is called `` Lord '' in the New Testament . Islam : The English term Lord is often used to translate the Arabic term rabb ( Arabic : رب ‎ ‎ ) , used with respect to Allah ( Arabic : الله ‎ ‎ ) . Hinduism : In Hindu theology , The Svayam Bhagavan may refer to the concept of the Absolute representation of the monotheistic God . Another name more commonly used in Hindu theology is Ishvara , meaning `` The Lord '' , the personal god consisting of the trinity of Brahma , Vishnu , and Shiva . Semitic religions : Other deities given corresponding appellations to `` Lord '' include : Baʿal ( `` Lord '' ) was used by the Canaanites both as a generic term of address to various local deities and as the spoken name for the storm god Baʿal Haddu once the form `` Hadad '' became too sacred for any but his high priest to utter . Similarly , Tammuz came to be addressed as `` Adoni '' ( `` My Lord '' ) . En meaning ' Lord ' as in Sumerian deities Enki and Enlil . Buddhism : it refers to the Buddha Jainism : ' Lord ' refers to the Mahavira . Nahuatl : the word ' Ahau ' is translated as ' Lord ' in reference to Aztec deities . Greece : Adonis was a form of the Semitic Adoni . Old Norse : The names Freyr and Freya have the meaning Lord and Lady . Wicca : the Wiccan God is often referred to as ' The Lord ' and the Wiccan Goddess as ' The Lady ' , or in the combination ' Lord and Lady ' ( in this form , the definite article `` the '' is usually omitted ) , usually in reference to a mythological pairing such as Cernunos and Cerridwen .
Mars
Tesla 's theories gained support from Lord Kelvin who , while visiting the United States in 1902 , was reported to have said that he thought Tesla had picked up Martian signals being sent to the United States . Kelvin `` emphatically '' denied this report shortly before departing America : `` What I really said was that the inhabitants of Mars , if there are any , were doubtless able to see New York , particularly the glare of the electricity . ''
Akbar
Some modern scholars claim that Akbar did not initiate a new religion but instead introduced what Dr. Oscar R. Gómez calls the transtheistic outlook from tantric Tibetan Buddhism , and that he did not use the word Din - i - Ilahi . According to the contemporary events in the Mughal court Akbar was indeed angered by the acts of embezzlement of wealth by many high level Muslim clerics .
Economic history of World War I
In terms of munitions production , the 15 months after April 1917 involved an amazing parade of mistakes , misguided enthusiasm , and confusion . Americans were willing enough , but they did not know their proper role . Wilson was unable to figure out what to do when , or even to decide who was in charge . Typical of the confusion was the coal shortage that hit in December 1917 . Because coal was by far the major source of energy and heat , a grave crisis ensued . There was in fact plenty of coal being mined , but 44,000 loaded freight and coal cars were tied up in horrendous traffic jams in the rail yards of the East Coast . Two hundred ships were waiting in New York harbor for cargo that was delayed by the mess . The solution included nationalizing the coal mines and the railroads for the duration , shutting down factories one day a week to save fuel , and enforcing a strict system of priorities . Only in March 1918 did Wilson finally take control of the crisis Women