vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
World War I
Gross domestic product ( GDP ) increased for three Allies ( Britain , Italy , and the United States ) , but decreased in France and Russia , in neutral Netherlands , and in the three main Central Powers . The shrinkage in GDP in Austria , Russia , France , and the Ottoman Empire ranged between 30 % and 40 % . In Austria , for example , most pigs were slaughtered , so at war 's end there was no meat .
Culture
In the humanities , one sense of culture as an attribute of the individual has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication in the arts , sciences , education , or manners . The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies . Such hierarchical perspectives on culture are also found in class - based distinctions between a high culture of the social elite and a low culture , popular culture , or folk culture of the lower classes , distinguished by the stratified access to cultural capital . In common parlance , culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification , clothing or jewelry . Mass culture refers to the mass - produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century . Some schools of philosophy , such as Marxism and critical theory , have argued that culture is often used politically as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness , and such perspectives are common in the discipline of cultural studies . In the wider social sciences , the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life , as humans create the conditions for physical survival , and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions .
Bald eagle
The bald eagle is usually quite sensitive to human activity while nesting , and is found most commonly in areas with minimal human disturbance . It chooses sites more than 1.2 km ( 0.75 mi ) from low - density human disturbance and more than 1.8 km ( 1.1 mi ) from medium - to high - density human disturbance . However , bald eagles will occasionally nest in large estuaries or secluded groves within major cities , such as Hardtack Island on the Willamette River in Portland , Oregon or John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , which are surrounded by a great quantity of human activity . Even more contrary to the usual sensitivity to disturbance , a family of bald eagles moved to the Harlem neighborhood in New York City in 2010 .
Scientific method
Lakatos proposed an account of mathematical knowledge based on Polya 's idea of heuristics . In Proofs and Refutations , Lakatos gave several basic rules for finding proofs and counterexamples to conjectures . He thought that mathematical ' thought experiments ' are a valid way to discover mathematical conjectures and proofs .
Metrication in the United States
The continuing use of U.S. customary units has caused writers to speculate in fiction set in the future about the adoption of the metric system . Many authors have assumed that the United States and the human race in general will use metric units ; however , others have assumed the continued use of U.S. customary units or have neglected to take metrication into account . Writers sometimes use customary units simply because American readers and watchers will understand the measurements ; other times , they are simply used by accident . The 1966 show Star Trek , for instance , initially used U.S. customary units despite multiple Earth national origins and a setting in the 23rd century . Later , starting with `` The Changeling '' , metric measures were used , albeit inconsistently . Later sequels of the show , such as Star Trek : The Next Generation , and Star Trek : Enterprise ( set in the 22nd century ) , used the metric system exclusively .
Human rights in the Philippines
The Aquino administration implemented reforms towards more effective criminal investigation procedures , in addition to passing laws to better uphold human rights . However , these reforms are underdeveloped . An example is Administration Order 35 , which acquired problems in identifying which case to pursue due to the process requirements .
Human rights and development
The Commission and Human Rights Council have not substantially acted on human rights violations and states represented on the commission have not wished to create enforcement procedures which might be used on themselves or their allies , such that tragedies like Pol Pot 's Genocide and the execution of Ken Saro - Wiwa persist . The Human Rights Committee a body of independent experts monitor the implementation of the ICCPR . All parties must submit an initial report and are subject to four yearly reporting . Concerns and recommendations are addressed in `` concluding observations '' addressed to the State Party . Article 41 provides for interstate complaints while the Optional Protocol 1 gives the committee competence to examine individual complaints of alleged violation by State Parties to the Protocol
Human rights and development
Human rights have played a limited role in influencing MDG planning , though there are strong similarities between them and the content of the MDGs which resemble many economic and social rights . MDGs provide benchmarks for economic and social rights , while human rights strategies offer enhanced legitimacy , equity and sustainability to the MDG policies . The Millennium Declaration substantially refers to human rights and leaders have committed themselves to respecting recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms , including the right to development . Economic , social and cultural rights , the rights of women , migrant , minorities , and participation are all emphasized in the declaration yet the pursuit of the MDGs has been in isolation from it . MDG targets are not sufficiently focused on inequalities within a country and human rights instruments require a minimum core level of economic , social and cultural rights to be immediately realized for all and for all discrimination in the exercise of rights to be eliminated . Inequalities within countries lead to violent conflict and countries focus on the relatively well - off among the poor in order to reach a particular MDG target .
Human skin color
In India , society regards pale skin as more attractive and associates dark skin with lower class status ; this results in a massive market for skin - whitening creams . Fairer skin - tones also correlate to higher caste - status in the Hindu social order -- although the system is not based on skin tone . Actors and actresses in Indian cinema tend to have light skin tones , and Indian cinematographers have used graphics and intense lighting to achieve more `` desirable '' skin tones . Fair skin tones are claimed to be an asset in Indian marketing .
Original sin
Augustine of Hippo ( 354 -- 430 ) taught that Adam 's sin is transmitted by concupiscence , or `` hurtful desire '' , resulting in humanity becoming a massa damnata ( mass of perdition , condemned crowd ) , with much enfeebled , though not destroyed , freedom of will . When Adam sinned , human nature was thenceforth transformed . Adam and Eve , via sexual reproduction , recreated human nature . Their descendants now live in sin , in the form of concupiscence , a term Augustine used in a metaphysical , not a psychological sense . Augustine insisted that concupiscence was not a being but a bad quality , the privation of good or a wound . He admitted that sexual concupiscence ( libido ) might have been present in the perfect human nature in paradise , and that only later it became disobedient to human will as a result of the first couple 's disobedience to God 's will in the original sin . In Augustine 's view ( termed `` Realism '' ) , all of humanity was really present in Adam when he sinned , and therefore all have sinned . Original sin , according to Augustine , consists of the guilt of Adam which all humans inherit . As sinners , humans are utterly depraved in nature , lack the freedom to do good , and can not respond to the will of God without divine grace . Justo Gonzalez interprets Augustine 's teaching that grace is irresistible , results in conversion , and leads to perseverance .
Avocado
A typical serving of avocado ( 100 g ) is moderate to rich in several B vitamins and vitamin K , with good content of vitamin C , vitamin E and potassium ( right table , USDA nutrient data ) . Avocados also contain phytosterols and carotenoids , such as lutein and zeaxanthin .
Nutrition facts label
The label begins with a standard serving measurement , calories are listed second , and then following is a breakdown of the constituent elements . Always listed are total fat , sodium , carbohydrates and protein ; the other nutrients usually shown may be suppressed , if they are zero . Usually all 15 nutrients are shown : calories , calories from fat , fat , saturated fat , trans fat , cholesterol , sodium , carbohydrates , dietary fiber , sugars , protein , vitamin A , vitamin C , calcium , and iron .
Who Moved My Cheese?
Meanwhile , Sniff and Scurry have found `` Cheese Station N , '' and new cheese . But back at Cheese Station C , Hem and Haw are affected by their lack of cheese and blame each other for their problem . Hoping to change , Haw again proposes a search for new cheese . However , Hem is comforted by his old routine and is frightened about the unknown . He knocks the idea again . After a while of being in denial , the humans remain without cheese . One day , having discovered his debilitating fears , Haw begins to chuckle at the situation and stops taking himself so seriously . Realizing he should simply move on , Haw enters the maze , but not before chiseling `` If You Do Not Change , You Can Become Extinct '' on the wall of Cheese Station C for his friend to ponder .
Vitamin A deficiency
VAD affects vision by inhibiting the production of rhodopsin , the eye pigment responsible for sensing low light situations . Rhodopsin is found in the retina and is composed of retinal ( an active form of vitamin A ) and opsin ( a protein ) . Because the body can not create retinal in sufficient amounts , a diet low in vitamin A will lead to a decreased amount of rhodopsin in the eye , as there is inadequate retinal to bind with opsin . Night blindness results .
Angular cheilitis
Several drugs may cause AC as a side effect , by various mechanisms , such as creating drug - induced xerostomia . Various examples include isotretinoin , indinavir , and sorafenib . Isotretinoin ( Accutane ) , an analog of vitamin A , is a medication which dries the skin . Less commonly , angular cheilitis is associated with primary hypervitaminosis A , which can occur when large amounts of liver ( including cod liver oil and other fish oils ) are regularly consumed or as a result from an excess intake of vitamin A in the form of vitamin supplements . Recreational drug users may develop AC . Examples include cocaine , methamphetamines , heroin , and hallucinogens .
Tea culture
In Canada , various types of tea are used by many different indigenous tribes as healing and ceremonial medicines . For example , Objibwe and Cree tribes in Ontario use Cedar Tea during sweat lodge ceremonies to cleanse and nourish their bodies . When European settlers arrived on North American shores , it was the indigenous people that taught them to make pine needle tea to help cure their scurvy ; pine needles are a great source of vitamin C .
Human skin color
It has been observed that adult human females are consistently lighter in skin pigmentation than males in the same population . This form of sexual dimorphism is due to the requirement in human females for high amounts of calcium during pregnancy and lactation . Breastfeeding newborns , whose skeletons are growing , require high amounts of calcium intake from the mother 's milk ( about 4 times more than during prenatal development ) , part of which comes from reserves in the mother 's skeleton . Adequate vitamin D resources are needed to absorb calcium from the diet , and it has been shown that deficiencies of vitamin D and calcium increase the likelihood of various birth defects such as spina bifida and rickets . Natural selection has led to females with lighter skin than males in all indigenous populations because women must get enough vitamin D and calcium to support the development of fetus and nursing infant and to maintain their own health .
Cherry
Raw sweet cherries are 82 % water , 16 % carbohydrates , 1 % protein , and negligible in fat ( table ) . As raw fruit , sweet cherries provide little nutrient content per 100 g serving , as only dietary fiber and vitamin C are present in moderate content , while other vitamins and dietary minerals each supply less than 10 % of the Daily Value ( DV ) per serving , respectively ( table ) .
Spider web
In traditional European medicine , cobwebs are used on wounds and cuts and seem to help healing and reduce bleeding . Spider webs are rich in vitamin K , which can be effective in clotting blood . Webs were used several hundred years ago as gauze pads to stop an injured person 's bleeding .
Medicare Advantage
People can enroll in Medicare Advantage and other Part C health plans either by enrolling when they first become Medicare - eligible and first join both Parts A and B or by switching from traditional Medicare during an annual or special enrollment period as outlined in `` Medicare and You , 2018 '' ( there are over a dozen such enrollment periods ) .
Resting potential
Likewise the equilibrium potential for sodium ( Na ) at normal human body temperature is calculated using the same simplified constant . You can calculate E assuming an outside concentration , ( K ) , of 10mM and an inside concentration , ( K ) , of 100mM . For chloride ions ( Cl ) the sign of the constant must be reversed ( − 61.54 mV ) . If calculating the equilibrium potential for calcium ( Ca ) the 2 + charge halves the simplified constant to 30.77 mV . If working at room temperature , about 21 ° C , the calculated constants are approximately 58 mV for K and Na , − 58 mV for Cl and 29 mV for Ca . At physiological temperature , about 29.5 ° C , and physiological concentrations ( which vary for each ion ) , the calculated potentials are approximately 67 mV for Na , − 90 mV for K , − 86 mV for Cl and 123 mV for Ca .
Ultraviolet
`` There is no doubt that a little sunlight is good for you ! But 5 to 15 minutes of casual sun exposure of hands , face and arms two to three times a week during the summer months is sufficient to keep your vitamin D levels high . '' -- World Health Organization
Like I'm Gonna Lose You
`` Like I 'm Gonna Lose You '' is a retro style soul ballad . It features Trainor 's soprano vocals in a duet with Legend , and includes additional background vocals by Trainor and Gelbuda . The track comprises minimal harmonies and instrumental accompaniment , showcasing Trainor and Legend 's vocals at its forefront . Critics noted the song as a more earnest , tender , and subdued sound compared Trainor 's other material . The track is set in the time signature of time , with a slow tempo of 72 beats per minute . It is composed in the key of C major and has a sequence of C -- F / C -- C -- Em -- Am -- F -- C / E -- Dm -- F / G as its chord progression .
Lana Del Rey
On February 20 , Del Rey posted a picture of herself and Dan Auerbach on Twitter with the caption `` Me and Dan Auerbach are excited to present you Ultraviolence '' .
Diamond
Diamonds are not very reactive . Under room temperature diamonds do not react with any chemical reagents including strong acids and bases . A diamond 's surface can only be oxidized at temperatures above about 850 ° C ( 1,560 ° F ) in air . Diamond also reacts with fluorine gas above about 700 ° C ( 1,292 ° F ) .
Lego Mindstorms
NET With the Microsoft Robotics Studio , it uses a native NXT program msrs to send and receive messages to and from a controlling program on a computer via Bluetooth DialogOS Graphical Flowchart for voice controlled robots DialogOS combines speech recognition and speech synthesis with robotics , enabling you to build talking robots that react to your voice commands . Processing Yes Java ( Simplified / programmed C - style ) Processing ( programming language ) is an open source programming language and environment for people who want to program images , animation , and interactions . It is used by students , artists , designers , researchers , and hobbyists for learning , prototyping , and production . To control the NXT with Processing you can use the NXTComm Processing library developed by Jorge Cardoso . Interactive C C - style language . Language developed for the MIT Lego Robot Design Contest pbLua Yes API for the Lua programming language for the Mindstorms NXT , text - based pBLua : ... is written in portable C , with minimal runtime requirements ; can be compiled on the fly on NXT ; is a small , easy to read , and easy to write language ; has extensive documentation available online and in dead - tree format , and a very friendly newsgroup website HVM Yes Development environment for the Java programming language for the Mindstorms EV3 , Eclipse - based Works with Java 1.7 . Works with the standard Lego firmware . Does not require a microSD card . Requires a wireless bluetooth dongle for the EV3 website Monobrick Yes Yes Yes C# . NET 4.5 . Firmware running from SD card . website CoderZ Yes Yes No Java Works with Blockly or with Java ( using LejOS ) . Also includes an online 3D simulator website
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down
Anne Fadiman : She is an author and narrator of ' The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down ' . She wrote about her experience with Lia and her family . Through this experience , she learned the importance of understanding about diversity of culture between doctor , patient , and family .
Vitamin A deficiency
Night blindness caused by VAD has been associated with the loss of goblet cells in the conjunctiva , a membrane covering the outer surface of the eye . Goblet cells are responsible for secretion of mucus , and their absence results in xerophthalmia , a condition where the eyes fail to produce tears . Dead epithelial and microbial cells accumulate on the conjunctiva and form debris that can lead to infection and possibly blindness .
Shark tooth
Identification of most sharks are found through a combination of tooth counts and tooth shapes . Teeth can even lead to the identification of shark species like the requiem shark . The fossilized records of teeth helps illustrate evolutionary history , and isolated teeth are used to study and analyze specific linear measurements of the species . In order to identify teeth and specific information about the teeth , research can be done on a shark tooth . This research may uncover many different aspects about the tooth itself , and the shark species . This proves complicated , however , due to the fact that most fossilized teeth are found mixed and scattered . To collect information on basic - life history and get dispersal estimates of a shark tooth , molecular - based technology is very efficient . To further shark population studies , collection of mtDNA can be extracted from shark jaws and teeth . To study the caries - reducing effect in sharks , studies are done on the fluorine atoms that are bound covalently to calcium atoms in the teeth . Each tooth has a complex fluorapatite structure enameloid . In order to reduce effects of deterioration in the teeth , it is useful to sample only the surface of the enameloid of the tooth for this specific research . Studying and researching shark teeth betters our understandings of shark feeding behaviors , evolutionary changes , and mechanisms . This helps us to identify the teeth , and even the species .
Oyster
Oysters are an excellent source of zinc , iron , calcium , and selenium , as well as vitamin A and vitamin B. Oysters are low in food energy ; one dozen raw oysters contains 110 kilocalories ( 460 kJ ) . They are rich in protein ( approximately 9g in 100g of pacific oysters ) .
The Deer Hunter
The Deer Hunter was one of the first , and most controversial , major theatrical films to be critical of the American involvement in Vietnam following 1975 when the war officially ended . While the film opened the same year as Hal Ashby 's Coming Home , Sidney Furie 's The Boys in Company C , and Ted Post 's Go Tell the Spartans , it was the first film about Vietnam to reach a wide audience and critical acclaim , culminating in the winning of the Oscar for Best Picture . Other films released in the late 1970s and 1980s that illustrated the ' hellish ' , futile conditions of bloody Vietnam War combat included :
Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash
Flash returns to Central City having unknowingly been sent five days into the future and to his surprise , the city has turned against him , his powers are gone and he has been framed for various pranks pulled on the Justice League ( to the point where Batman revokes his membership ) . Crestfallen and depowered , Flash ponders about what to do now . At that moment , the speedster that continuously taunted him ( and the true perpetrator of the pranks on the Justice League ) reveals himself as the Reverse Flash , a speedster from the future who grew envious of Flash 's fame in the past and traveled back in time to steal Flash 's fame and purpose and plans to do the same to the rest of the Justice League . Atom , having shrunk down and followed Flash home overhears everything , but as Reverse Flash rushes off and restrains Flash , his suit short circuits , preventing him from returning to his normal size . Fortunately , Atom manages to free Flash and phone Doctor Fate in order to help the Flash regain his powers . While Flash is teleported to Doctor Fate 's residence , Atom attempts to return to the Hall of Justice to reveal Reverse Flash 's plan to his fellow Leaguers , which at his small size is much easier said than done . Meanwhile Reverse Flash is able to prevent crime and commit acts of heroism at a rate quicker than the Justice League can get to them . This allows Reverse Flash to gain the popularity of the public and render the Justice League obsolete .
Rogue One
Rogue One : A Star Wars Story -- Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Film score by Michael Giacchino Released December 16 , 2016 ( 2016 - 12 - 16 ) Studio Sony Scoring Stage Genre Soundtrack Length 1 : 09 : 18 Label Walt Disney Producer Michael Giacchino Michael Giacchino chronology Doctor Strange ( 2016 ) Doctor Strange 2016 Rogue One ( 2016 ) The Book of Henry ( 2017 ) The Book of Henry 2017 Star Wars soundtrack chronology The Force Awakens ( 2015 ) The Force Awakens 2015 Rogue One ( 2016 ) Rogue One2016 The Last Jedi ( 2017 ) The Last Jedi 2017
List of Black Cat characters
Creed , seeing that Train 's personality is changing due to her , confronts Saya and the two fight until she is stabbed while being distracted by kids . She does manage to destroy his sword before dying . Devastated by her death , Train struggles while whether or not to get revenge on Creed , until settling on taking him in as a Sweeper instead of killing him . Saya 's spirit later helps Train defeat the Doctor 's Warp World and aim his final shot at Creed .
White Rabbit
In `` Who 's Alice ? , '' the White Rabbit takes Jafar to Victorian England to obtain Alice 's father . Disguised as a doctor named Dr. Sheffield , Jafar visits Bethlem Royal Hospital where he uses the White Rabbit to get Dr. Lydgate to tell him where he can find Alice 's father Edwin . In `` Bad Blood , '' Jafar shows the White Rabbit to Edwin where he has him transport Jafar and Edwin to Wonderland . Upon arrival in Wonderland , Jafar sends the White Rabbit on his way .