vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Treaty of Waitangi
The Native Land Court ( later renamed the Māori Land Court ) was established under the Native Land Court Act of 1862 , which also finally abolished the Crown right to pre-emption . It was through this court that much Māori land was alienated , and the way in which it functioned is much criticised today . A single member of a tribal group could claim ownership of communal tribal land , which would trigger a court battle in which other tribal members were forced to participate in , or else lose out . The accumulation of court fees , lawyers fees , survey costs , and the cost of travelling to attend court proceedings resulted in mounting debts that could only be paid by the eventual sale of the land . In effect , Māori were safe from the court only until a single tribal member broke ranks and triggered a case , which would invariably result in sale of the land . By the end of the century , nearly all of the highest quality Māori land had been sold , with only two million hectares remaining in Māori possession .
Red vs. Blue
After the first season , the writing process changed significantly . Matt Hullum was added as a main writer in the next season , and plot events were planned much more in advance . Approximately 40 to 80 pages of rough plot and dialogue are now written out before production on a season begins . In describing the writing process , Burns has said that main plot points are assigned to occur at certain points in a season , and that they would begin writing each episode by asking how much they wanted to advance towards the next plot point .
GEICO advertising campaigns
The ads were so successful that the commercial actors are appearing in a successful series of interactive websites written and produced by GEICO 's in - house creative team at Caveman 's Crib and most recently , iHeartcavemen . A spin - off TV series , titled Cavemen and starring new actors , debuted on ABC in October 2007 to overwhelmingly negative critical reaction . It was canceled after only six episodes were aired .
Causes of the Great Depression
Economists and historians debate how much responsibility to assign the Wall Street Crash of 1929 . The timing was right ; the magnitude of the shock to expectations of future prosperity was high . Most analysts believe the market in 1928 -- 29 was a `` bubble '' with prices far higher than justified by fundamentals . Economists agree that somehow it shared some blame , but how much no one has estimated . Milton Friedman concluded , `` I do n't doubt for a moment that the collapse of the stock market in 1929 played a role in the initial recession '' .
New Deal
One Federal Art Project paid 162 trained woman artists on relief to paint murals or create statues for newly built post offices and courthouses . Many of these works of art can still be seen in public buildings around the country , along with murals sponsored by the Treasury Relief Art Project of the Treasury Department . During its existence , the Federal Theatre Project provided jobs for circus people , musicians , actors , artists and playwrights , together with increasing public appreciation of the arts .
List of Sabrina the Teenage Witch characters
Morgan , a mortal , was introduced in season five as one of Sabrina 's college housemates and resident adviser . When she was first introduced , she spoke with a normal tone ( much how Elisa Donovan , the actress who played Morgan speaks ) , but as the series progressed she developed , and spoke in , a more high - pitched tone . She is very shallow , superficial , and over-assertive , but she became one of Sabrina 's best friends . She dated both Josh and Harvey ( among many others ) . In a Christmas episode , Morgan invites Sabrina to spend the holidays with her family , since she finds dealing with them alone quite daunting . In the seventh season , Morgan 's supporting role becomes a leading one in the absence of Sabrina 's aunts .
James Dean
Proud of this accomplishment , Dean referred to the Actors Studio in a 1952 letter to his family as `` the greatest school of the theater . It houses great people like Marlon Brando , Julie Harris , Arthur Kennedy , Mildred Dunnock , Eli Wallach ... Very few get into it ... It is the best thing that can happen to an actor . I am one of the youngest to belong . '' There , he was classmates and close friends with Carroll Baker , alongside whom he would eventually star in Giant ( 1956 ) .
Quakers
Evangelical Friends regard Jesus Christ as their personal Lord and Saviour , and have similar religious beliefs to other evangelical Christians . They believe in , and hold a high regard for , the penal substitution of the atonement of Christ on the Cross at Calvary , biblical infallibility , and the need for every person to personally experience a relationship with God . They believe that the purpose of the Evangelical Friends Church is to evangelise the unsaved people of the world , to spiritually transform them through God 's love , and through social service to others . Evangelical Friends regard the Bible as the infallible and self - authenticating Word of God . The statement of faith of Evangelical Friends International , is comparable to the statement of faith of other Evangelical churches . Evangelical Friends who are members of Evangelical Friends International , are mainly located in the U.S. , Central America , and Asia . Beginning in the 1880s , some Friends began using outward sacraments in their Sunday services , first in Evangelical Friends Church -- Eastern Region ( then known as Ohio Yearly Meeting ( Damascus ) ) . Friends Church -- Southwest Region , has also approved the practice of using the outward sacraments in their Sunday services . In places where Evangelical Friends are engaged in missionary work , such as in Africa , Latin America , and Asia , adult baptism by immersion in water , is carried out . This practice differs from most other Quaker branches of the Religious Society of Friends . As of 2014 , EFCI claims to represent more than 140,000 Friends , equalling roughly 39 % of the total number of Friends worldwide .
American Girl
The American Girl Place store in New York City was the center of a labor dispute with Actors ' Equity Association ( AEA ) . On August 3 , 2006 , 14 of the 18 adult actors at the store 's now defunct theater went on strike . AEA reached a two - year contract effective April 1 , 2008 . All American Girl Place theatres were subsequently closed in September of that year .
Song Beneath the Song
Leigh told that some actors were not `` adamant and excited '' about singing but still had the possibility to participate in the episode . `` There were certain ways in which the scenes were written , even if there was a song in there , that perhaps a line was spoken instead of sung , '' she said .
First Transcontinental Railroad
Survey teams were put out to produce detailed contour maps of the options on the different routes . The engineering team looked at the available surveys and chose what was the `` best '' route . Survey teams under the direction of the engineers closely led the work crews and marked where and by how much hills would have to be cut and depressions filled or bridged . Coordinators made sure that construction and other supplies were provided when and where needed , and additional supplies were ordered as the railroad construction consumed the supplies . Specialized bridging , explosive and tunneling teams were assigned to their specialized jobs . Some jobs like explosive work , tunneling , bridging , heavy cuts or fills were known to take longer than others , so the specialized teams were sent out ahead by wagon trains with the supplies and men to get these jobs done by the time the regular track - laying crews arrived . Finance officers made sure the supplies were paid for and men paid for their work . An army of men had to be coordinated and a seemingly never - ending chain of supplies had to be provided . The Central Pacific road crew set a track - laying record by laying 10 mi ( 16 km ) of track in a single day , commemorating the event with a signpost beside the track for passing trains to see .
Quakers
Some Quakers in North America and Great Britain became well known for their involvement in the abolition of slavery . However , prior to the American Revolution , it was fairly common for Friends in British America to own slaves . During the early to mid-1700s a disquiet about this practice arose among Friends , best exemplified by the testimonies of Anthony Benezet and John Woolman , and this resulted in an abolition movement among Friends . By the time of the American Revolution few Friends owned slaves . At the end of the war in 1783 , Yarnall family members along with fellow Meeting House Friends petitioned the Continental Congress to abolish slavery . This petition preceded the 13th Amendment in 1865 by nearly eighty years . In 1790 , the Society of Friends petitioned the United States Congress as the first organisation to take a collective stand against slavery and the slave trade .
United States news media and the Vietnam War
During this period , what was published in the news reflected what America was most preoccupied with : communism and the Cold War . If one asks instead how the United States got into Vietnam , attention must be paid to the enormous strength of the Cold War consensus in the early 1960s shared by journalists and policymakers alike and to the great power of the administration to control the agenda and the framing of foreign affairs reporting .
Indigo revolt
Dinabandhu Mitra 's 1859 play Nil Darpan is based on the revolution . It was translated into English by Michael Madhusudan Dutta and published by Rev. James Long . It attracted much attention in England , where the people were stunned at the savagery of their countrymen . The British Government sent Rev. Long to a mock trial and punished him with imprisonment and fine . Kaliprasanna Sinha paid the fine of Rs 2000 for him .
Seneca Falls Convention
In the 1840s , women in America were reaching out for greater control of their lives . Husbands and fathers directed the lives of women , and many doors were closed to female participation . State statutes and common law prohibited women from inheriting property , signing contracts , serving on juries and voting in elections . Women 's prospects in employment were dim : they could expect only to gain a very few service - related jobs and were paid about half of what men were paid for the same work . In Massachusetts , Brook Farm was founded by Sophia Ripley and her husband George Ripley in 1841 as an attempt to find a way in which men and women could work together , with women receiving the same compensation as men . The experiment failed .
Saudi Arabia
Although corruption allegations have often been limited to broad undocumented accusations , specific allegations were made in 2007 , when it was claimed that the British defence contractor BAE Systems had paid Prince Bandar US $2 billion in bribes relating to the Al - Yamamah arms deal . Prince Bandar denied the allegations . Investigations by both US and UK authorities resulted , in 2010 , in plea bargain agreements with the company , by which it paid $447 million in fines but did not admit to bribery .
Quinn Fabray
Quinn has received positive reviews from critics . The role saw Agron nominated for the Teen Choice Award for `` Female Breakout Star '' in 2009 . She and the other cast members were awarded the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series in 2010 , and nominated in the same category the following year .
Jimmy McNulty
McNulty mentors Brian Baker , a younger patrol officer in the Western , whom he and Bunk end up referring to as `` good police '' . He also significantly reduces his drinking , sometimes resolving to stay sober despite pressure from his friends . Bunk and Freamon are amazed and slightly dismayed at how much McNulty has changed , and Elena even expresses regret for having left him . McNulty soon begins to miss the MCU , and quietly begins getting closer to Bodie in the hopes of turning him into an informant against Marlo . After Stanfield lieutenant Monk Metcalf sees Bodie with McNulty , Bodie is killed as a precaution . McNulty feels guilty and rejoins the MCU , much to the delight of Freamon and Daniels . It is revealed during a scene shortly after Bodie 's death that McNulty feels he `` owes it to the kid '' .
Trump Tower
In 1983 , a class - action lawsuit was filed against the Trump Organization concerning unpaid pension and medical obligations to labor unions that helped build the towers . Trump had paid $774,000 to a window - cleaning company that employed undocumented Polish immigrants during the renovation of an adjoining building . According to the laborers , they were paid $4 an hour for 12 - hour shifts , and were not told about asbestos in the under - construction structure .
Fahrenheit 451
After Montag returns home , Mildred 's friends , Mrs. Bowles and Mrs. Phelps , arrive to watch the `` parlor walls '' . Not interested in this insipid entertainment , Montag turns off the walls and tries to engage the women in meaningful conversation , only for them to reveal just how indifferent , ignorant , and callous they are about the upcoming war , the thought of losing loved ones to death , their unruly children , and who they voted for in the last election . Enraged by their idiocy , Montag leaves momentarily and returns with a book of poetry . This confuses the women and alarms Faber , who is listening remotely . Mildred tries to dismiss Montag 's actions as a tradition fireman do once a year : they find a book from the past and read it as a way to make fun of how silly the past is . Montag proceeds to recite the poem Dover Beach , causing Mrs. Phelps to cry . At the behest of Faber in the ear - piece , Montag burns the book . Mildred 's friends leave in disgust , while Mildred locks herself in the bathroom and takes more sleeping pills .
Military history of the United States
US troops participated in a UN peacekeeping mission in Somalia beginning in 1992 . By 1993 the US troops were augmented with Rangers and special forces with the aim of capturing warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid , whose forces had massacred peacekeepers from Pakistan . During a raid in downtown Mogadishu , US troops became trapped overnight by a general uprising in the Battle of Mogadishu . Eighteen American soldiers were killed , and a US television crew filmed graphic images of the body of one soldier being dragged through the streets by an angry mob . Somali guerrillas paid a staggering toll at an estimated 1,000 -- 5,000 total casualties during the conflict . After much public disapproval , American forces were quickly withdrawn by President Bill Clinton . The incident profoundly affected US thinking about peacekeeping and intervention . The book Black Hawk Down was written about the battle , and was the basis for the later movie of the same name .
Pony Express
The Pony Express had an estimated 80 riders who were traveling east or west along various points of the route at any given time . In addition , there were also about 400 other employees , including station keepers , stock tenders and route superintendents . Many young men applied for jobs with the Pony Express , ready to face the dangers and the challenges that sometimes lay along the delivery route . Waddell and Majors could have easily hired them at a much lesser rate , but instead paid them a handsome sum for that time of one hundred dollars a month . Famous American author Mark Twain , who saw the Pony Express in action first hand , described the riders in his travel memoir Roughing It as : `` ... usually a little bit of a man '' . Though the riders were small , lightweight , generally teenage boys , their untarnished record proved them to be heroes of the American West for the much needed and dangerous service they provided for the nation . Establishing a complete list of riders is virtually impossible . There was no official list of riders kept by the express company and the scarcity of newspapers along the route contributed to the absence of this information . When the American Civil War broke out in 1861 , the Pony Express was forgotten about almost entirely , and consequently there was not much interest in pursuing and searching out this information for many years following , by which time much of it had simply vanished in the course of everyday affairs . A partial list of riders has been compiled in Raymond and Nancy Settle 's 1972 book Saddles & Spurs . For
List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters
Many small mammals and insects in the books are collectively known as Rabbit 's Friends and Relations . They do not generally do much or have much character development , and only a few of them are named .
Tree of life
A much later myth relates how Set and 72 conspirators killed Osiris , putting him in a coffin , and throwing it into the Nile , the coffin becoming embedded in the base of a tamarisk tree .
The Honeymooners
In 1994 , the Dutch broadcasting network KRO produced a version of The Honeymooners titled Toen Was Geluk Heel Gewoon ( ( Back ) then happiness was very normal ) , using translated scripts of the original series but changing its setting to 1950s Rotterdam . After the original 39 scripts were exhausted , the series ' lead actors , Gerard Cox and Sjoerd Pleijsier , took over writing , adding many new characters and references to Dutch history and popular culture . The series was a hit in the Netherlands and it finished its run after 16 years and 229 episodes in June 2009 . The actors reprised their characters five years later in a feature - length movie . Sweden
Theatre of ancient Greece
Costuming would give off a sense of character , as in gender , age , social status , and class . For example , characters of higher class would be dressed in nicer clothing , although everyone was dressed fairly nicely . Contrary to popular belief , they did not dress in only rags and sandals , as they wanted to impress . Some examples of Greek theatre costuming include long robes called the chiton that reached the floor for actors playing gods , heroes , and old men . Actors playing Goddesses and women characters that held a lot of power wore purples and golds . Actors playing Queens and Princesses wore long cloaks that dragged on the ground and were decorated with gold stars and other jewels , and warriors were dressed in a variety of armor and wore helmets adorned with plumes . Costumes were supposed to be colourful and obvious to be easily seen by every seat in the audience .
Eiffel Tower
More than 250 million people have visited the tower since it was completed in 1889 . In 2015 , there were 6.91 million visitors . The tower is the most - visited paid monument in the world . An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues .
LASIK
In the 1950s , the microkeratome and keratomileusis technique were developed in Bogotá , Colombia , by the Spanish ophthalmologist Jose Barraquer . In his clinic , he would cut thin ( one hundredth of a mm thick ) flaps in the cornea to alter its shape . Barraquer also investigated how much of the cornea had to be left unaltered in order to provide stable long - term results . This work was followed by that of the Russian scientist , Svyatoslav Fyodorov , who developed radial keratotomy ( RK ) in the 1970s and designed the first posterior chamber implantable contact lenses ( phakic intraocular lens ) in the 1980s .
Thalidomide
In 1968 , a large criminal trial began in Germany , charging several Grünenthal officials with negligent homicide and injury . After Grünenthal settled with the victims in April 1970 , the trial ended in December 1970 with no finding of guilt . As part of the settlement , Grünenthal paid 100 million DM into a special foundation ; the German government added 320 million DM . The foundation paid victims a one - time sum of 2,500 - 25,000 DM ( depending on severity of disability ) and a monthly stipend of 100 - 450 DM . The monthly stipends have since been raised substantially and are now paid entirely by the government ( as the foundation had run out of money ) . Grünenthal paid another 50 million Euros into the foundation in 2008 .
Legends of the Fall
On the other hand , Rita Kempley of The Washington Post stated that the film 's `` yarn does n't so much sweep as sprawl across the screen in all its panoramic idiocy '' . Janet Maslin of The New York Times commented , `` Before it turns exhaustingly hollow , this film shows the potential for bringing Mr. Harrison 's tough , brooding tale to life . And the actors may have captured the spirit of the story , but that 's impossible to know . '' She concluded , `` These are performances that lost too much in the editing room , smothered by music and overshadowed by a picture - postcard vision of the American West . ''
Starbucks
In Ireland , Starbucks ' subsidiary Ritea only paid € 35,000 in tax between 2005 and 2011 and the subsidiary recorded losses in every year other than 2011 . Ritea is owned by Netherlands - based Starbucks Coffee Emea . Their French and German subsidiaries make large losses because they are heavily in debt to the Dutch subsidiary , which charges them higher interest rates than the group pays to borrow . Reuters calculated that without paying interest on the loans and royalty fees , the French and German subsidiaries would have paid € 3.4 million in tax . The Dutch subsidiary that royalties are paid to made a € 507,000 profit in 2011 from revenues of € 73 million , while the company that roasts coffee made a profit of € 2 million in 2011 and paid tax of € 870,000 .
Actor
`` On a television set , there are typically several cameras angled at the set . Actors who are new to on - screen acting can get confused about which camera to look into . '' TV actors need to learn to use lav mics ( Lavaliere microphones ) . TV actors need to understand the concept of `` frame '' . `` The term frame refers to the area that the camera 's lens is capturing . '' Within the acting industry , there are four types of television roles one could land on a show . Each type varies in prominence , frequency of appearance , and pay . The first is known as a series regular -- the main actors on the show as part of the permanent cast . Actors in recurring roles are under contract to appear in multiple episodes of a series . A co-star role is a small speaking role that usually only appears in one episode . A guest star is a larger role than a co-star role , and the character is often the central focus of the episode or integral to the plot .