vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Korean War
Another major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the U.S. intervened . The Truman administration was fearful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea . At the same time , `` ( t ) here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from ( the conflict ) '' . Yugoslavia -- a possible Soviet target because of the Tito - Stalin Split -- was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece , and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council 's post-North Korea invasion list of `` chief danger spots '' . Truman believed if aggression went unchecked , a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere . The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the U.S. immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end . The Truman administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone .
Catholic Church and capital punishment
The death penalty is contrary to the meaning of humanitas and to divine mercy , which must be models for human justice . It entails cruel , inhumane and degrading treatment , as is the anguish before the moment of execution and the terrible suspense between the issuing of the sentence and the execution of the penalty , a form of `` torture '' which , in the name of correct procedure , tends to last many years , and which oftentimes leads to illness and insanity on death row .
Korean War
In 1952 , the United States elected a new president , and on 29 November 1952 , the president - elect , Dwight D. Eisenhower , went to Korea to learn what might end the Korean War . With the United Nations ' acceptance of India 's proposed Korean War armistice , the KPA , the PVA , and the UN Command ceased fire with the battle line approximately at the 38th parallel . Upon agreeing to the armistice , the belligerents established the Korean Demilitarized Zone ( DMZ ) , which has since been patrolled by the KPA and ROKA , United States , and Joint UN Commands .
Kennedy family
The family suffered many tragedies , which contributed to the idea of what Sen. Edward Kennedy called a `` Kennedy curse '' . In 1941 , Rosemary underwent a lobotomy intended to curb behavioral and emotional issues , but the operation left her incapacitated ; Joseph Jr. died in 1944 when the Navy bomber he was piloting during World War II exploded in flight ; Kathleen died in a plane crash in France in 1948 ; John and Robert were assassinated in 1963 and 1968 ; and Ted was driving his car when it accidentally went off a bridge and into a channel in 1969 , resulting in the drowning death of his passenger , Mary Jo Kopechne . Of Joseph Sr. 's grandchildren , David died of a drug overdose in 1984 ; Michael died from injuries sustained in a skiing accident in 1997 ; John Jr. died in a plane crash in 1999 ; and Kara survived a bout with lung cancer only to die of a heart attack in 2011 .
Creon
The Thebans won the war , but both sons of Oedipus were killed , leaving Creon as ruler once more , serving as regent for Laodamas , the son of Eteocles . Creon gives Eteocles a full and honorable burial , but orders ( under penalty of death ) that Polynices ' corpse be left to rot on the battlefield as punishment for his treason . Such state of non-burial was considered a frightening and terrible prospect in the culture of ancient Greece . Antigone , the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta , who is betrothed to Creon 's son Haemon , defies him by burying her brother , and is condemned to be entombed alive as punishment . Antigone tells Creon that it is the duty of the living to bury the dead and that if a body is not buried then the one who died will wander around in nowhere aimlessly for all eternity . Creon finally relents after advice from the chorus leader ( choragos ) , after Tiresias tells him to bury the body . However , when Creon arrives at the tomb where she was to be interred , Antigone has already hanged herself rather than be buried alive . His son , Haemon , threatens him and tries to kill him but ends up taking his own life .
War of the Worlds (2005 film)
Ray joins the crowd at the scene of the lightning strikes , where a massive `` Tripod '' war machine emerges from the ground and uses powerful weaponry to destroy the area , disintegrating most of the witnesses into a grey dust and leaving only their empty clothes behind . Ray collects his children , steals a car that had just been repaired , and drives to Mary Ann 's empty home in suburban New Jersey to take refuge . The next morning , he finds that a Boeing 747 has crashed in the street . A news team scavenging for food and surveying the wreckage explain that there are multiple Tripods that have attacked major cities including New York City , Paris , Washington , D.C. , and London , and have force shields to protect them from human weapons . They also explain the Tripods ' pilots traveled to Earth within the lightning as a way to enter their war machines , which had been buried here millions of years prior . Ray decides to take the kids to Boston to be with their mother . The three are forced to abandon their car after a mob sees that it 's working and swarms the vehicle . They later survive a Tripod attack which causes a Hudson River ferry to sink . During a desperate battle between U.S. Marines and the aliens , Ray is forced to choose between being separated from Rachel and preventing Robbie from joining the fight : he lets Robbie go with the Marines , to what appears to be certain death . While escaping , Ray and Rachel are offered shelter in the basement of a farmhouse by a man named Harlan Ogilvy .
Aftermath of the Korean War
Nevertheless , Turkey 's entrance into the war as part of the U.N. command did indeed have a great impact on earning a place in NATO . Thus , Turkey can be considered a country which benefited from the Korean War .
History of United States foreign policy
A decade of economic prosperity ended with the September 11 , 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City . The surprise attack by terrorists belonging to a militant Al - Qaeda organization prompted a national mourning and paradigm shift in U.S. foreign policy . The focus on domestic prosperity during the 1990s gave way to a trend of unilateral action under President George W. Bush to combat what was seen to be the growing trend of fundamentalist terrorism in the Middle East . The United States declared a War on Terrorism . This policy dominated U.S. foreign policy over the last decade as the nation embarked on two military campaigns in the Middle East , in Afghanistan and Iraq . Although both campaigns attracted international support , particularly the fighting in Afghanistan , the scale and duration of the war has lessened the motivation of American allies . Furthermore , when no WMDs were found after a military conquest of Iraq , there was worldwide skepticism that the war had been fought to prevent terrorism , and the war in Iraq has had serious negative public relations consequences for the image of the United States . The `` Bush Doctrine '' shifted diplomatic and security policy toward maximizing the spread of liberal political institutions and democratic values . The policy has been called `` democratic realism , '' `` national security liberalism , '' `` democratic globalism , '' or `` messianic universalism . '' The policy helped inspire democratic upheavals in the Middle East .
Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day
While the special is mostly true to the book , the following differences are :
Indian Rebellion of 1857
The killing of the women and children hardened British attitudes against the sepoys . The British public was aghast and the anti-Imperial and pro-Indian proponents lost all their support . Cawnpore became a war cry for the British and their allies for the rest of the conflict . Nana Sahib disappeared near the end of the Rebellion and it is not known what happened to him .
Hundred Years' War
On 22 June 1340 , Edward and his fleet sailed from England and arrived off the Zwin estuary the next day . The French fleet assumed a defensive formation off the port of Sluis . The English fleet deceived the French into believing they were withdrawing . When the wind turned in the late afternoon , the English attacked with the wind and sun behind them . The French fleet was almost completely destroyed in what became known as the Battle of Sluys . England dominated the English Channel for the rest of the war , preventing French invasions . At this point , Edward 's funds ran out and the war probably would have ended were it not for the death of the Duke of Brittany precipitating a succession dispute between the duke 's half brother John of Montfort and Charles of Blois , nephew of Philip VI .
Dirty Dancing (2017 film)
Mae Abdulbaki of theyoungfolks.com gave Dirty Dancing a 3 ( out of 10 ) , stating `` Remaking one of the most popular and beloved movies in the history of cinema feels almost disrespectful on many levels . Going into the TV movie remake of Dirty Dancing with a clear and open mind , I figured that if at least the dancing was good , then there was something to enjoy . However , the updated version does n't even meet the lowest of expectations and blows past mediocre to land at downright terrible . The film is slow and dull , the lead actors have absolutely no chemistry , and the musical aspect does n't add anything to the film . ''
British Army during World War I
In 1914 , the British Army was involved in what became known as the Siege of Tsingtao when the 2nd Battalion South Wales Borderers landed in China in support of Japanese forces in the capture of the German port of Tsingtao . The British were part of a 23,000 - strong task force which included a mixed British -- Indian Brigade of 1,500 troops and the battleship HMS Triumph . A bombardment of the port started on 31 October 1914 , and by 7 November , the Japanese 18th Division , 29th Infantry Brigade and the British -- Indian Brigade , had stormed and captured the garrison and its 4,000 troops .
War of 1812
On August 24 , U.S. Secretary of War John Armstrong Jr. insisted that the British were going to attack Baltimore rather than Washington , even when British army and naval units were obviously on their way to Washington . The inexperienced state militia was easily routed in the Battle of Bladensburg , opening the route to Washington . While First Lady Dolley Madison saved valuables from what is now the `` White House '' , senior officials fled to Virginia . Secretary of the Navy William Jones ordered setting fire to the Washington Navy Yard to prevent the capture of supplies . The nation 's public buildings were destroyed by the British ( and by a furious thunderstorm that ruined a great deal of property , although it did quench the flames ) . American morale was challenged , and many Federalists swung around and rallied to a patriotic defense of their homeland .
Results of the War of 1812
The United States had faced near - disaster in 1814 , but the victories at the Battle of New Orleans and the Battle of Baltimore and what seemed to be a successful fight against the United Kingdom increased national patriotism and helped to unite the United States into one nation . Meanwhile , the loss of the American flagship USS President was conveniently overlooked by the public . The best - known patriotic legacy of the war was The Star Spangled Banner . The words are by Francis Scott Key , who after the bombardment of Fort McHenry set them to the music of a British drinking song , `` To Anacreon in Heaven . '' In 1889 the U.S. Navy began using The Star Spangled Banner at flag - raising ceremonies , a practice copied by the Army . In 1931 , Congress made it the U.S. National Anthem .
Results of the War of 1812
After Napoleon 's defeat in 1814 , Britain was no longer at war with France and there were no restrictions on trade ; the British suspended their policy of impressment of American sailors , and never resumed it , but they insisted they still had the right to resume it . Americans regained their honour and proclaimed victory in what they called a `` second war of independence '' for the decisive defeat of the British invaders at New Orleans seemed to prove that Britain could never regain control of America , and the threat of secession by New England ended with the failure of the Hartford Convention .
John Steinbeck
Documents , released by the Central Intelligence Agency in 2012 , indicate that Steinbeck offered his services to the Agency in 1952 , while planning a European tour , and the Director of Central Intelligence , Walter Bedell Smith , was eager to take him up on the offer . What work , if any , Steinbeck may have performed for the CIA during the Cold War is unknown .
Spartan army
During the Peloponnesian War , engagements became more fluid , light troops became increasingly used and tactics evolved to meet them , but in direct confrontations between two opposing phalanxes , stamina and `` pushing ability '' were what counted . It was only when the Thebans , under Epaminondas increased the depth of a part of their formation at the Battle of Leuctra that the Spartan phalanx broke .
War Eagle
During the 2000 football season , War Eagle VI began a tradition of performing a free flight before a home football game . War Eagle VI , and later other eagles kept by in the Southeastern Raptor Rehabilitation Center in Auburn , flew around the stadium before landing on the field as the crowd chanted `` War Eagle '' .
Famine
There were sixteen good harvests and 111 famine years in northern Italy from 1451 to 1767 . According to Stephen L. Dyson and Robert J. Rowland , `` The Jesuits of Cagliari ( in Sardinia ) recorded years during the late 1500s `` of such hunger and so sterile that the majority of the people could sustain life only with wild ferns and other weeds '' ... During the terrible famine of 1680 , some 80,000 persons , out of a total population of 250,000 , are said to have died , and entire villages were devastated ... ''
Russian Orthodox Church
In the 1540s , Metropolitan Macarius codified Russian hagiography and convened a number of church synods , which culminated in the Hundred Chapter Council of 1551 . This Council unified church ceremonies and duties throughout the Moscow Church . At the demand of the church hierarchy , the government lost its jurisdiction over ecclesiastics . Reinforced by these reforms , the Moscow Church felt powerful enough to occasionally challenge the policies of the tsar . Metropolitan Philip , in particular , decried the abuses of Ivan the Terrible , who eventually engineered his deposition and murder .
Nine Years' War
Louis XIV , along with his chief advisor Louvois , his foreign minister Colbert de Croissy , and his technical expert , Vauban , developed France 's defensive strategy . Vauban had advocated a system of impregnable fortresses along the frontier that would keep France 's enemies out . To construct a proper system , however , the King needed to acquire more land from his neighbours to form a solid forward line . This rationalisation of the frontier would make it far more defensible while defining it more clearly in a political sense , yet it also created the paradox that while Louis 's ultimate goals were defensive , he pursued them by hostile means . The King grabbed the necessary territory through what is known as the Réunions : a strategy that combined legalism , arrogance , and aggression .
Flag of the United States
The 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign . In the late 18th century , the notion of a national flag did not yet exist , or was only nascent . The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee . On May 10 , 1779 , Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern `` it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States . '' However , the term , `` Standard , '' referred to a national standard for the Army of the United States . Each regiment was to carry the national standard in addition to its regimental standard . The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag .
Mitsubishi GTO
The European and Japanese specified GTO differed from the US specified 3000GT in certain ways . Only the US specified 3000GT was FWD . In Japan , the base model GTO , titled GTO SR , was AWD ; no FWD version was offered in Japan . The GTO SR made the same power as the US spec 3000GT SL and was offered with the same 5 speed manual or 4 speed automatic . Japan did not receive the SOHC V - 6 that was standard on the base model US only Dodge Stealth and US spec 3000GT , the only two engines available in Japan were the N / A DOHC V - 6 and Twin Turbo DOHC V - 6 .
Product life-cycle theory
In the new product stage , the product is produced and consumed in the US ; no export trade occurs . In the maturing product stage , mass - production techniques are developed and foreign demand ( in developed countries ) expands ; the US now exports the product to other developed countries . In the standardized product stage , production moves to developing countries , which then export the product to developed countries .
Mercury in fish
Since the Minamata disaster , Japan has improved on its mercury regulation . During the 1970s Japan made strides to reduce mercury demand and production . Chief among these efforts was the reduction of inorganic mercury produced by mines . It was halted by 1974 , and demand fell from 2,500 tons per year in 1964 , its peak , to 10 tons per year in recent years . Since these initial strides , Japan has introduced a list of regulations governing the mercury content of a variety of materials .
Dutch East India Company
Around 1670 , two events caused the growth of VOC trade to stall . In the first place , the highly profitable trade with Japan started to decline . The loss of the outpost on Formosa to Koxinga in the 1662 Siege of Fort Zeelandia and related internal turmoil in China ( where the Ming dynasty was being replaced with the Qing dynasty ) brought an end to the silk trade after 1666 . Though the VOC substituted Bengali for Chinese silk other forces affected the supply of Japanese silver and gold . The shogunate enacted a number of measures to limit the export of these precious metals , in the process limiting VOC opportunities for trade , and severely worsening the terms of trade . Therefore , Japan ceased to function as the lynchpin of the intra-Asiatic trade of the VOC by 1685 .
Chinese Tributary System
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a tributary state to the Ming dynasty then the Qing dynasty . It was attacked by Japan in 1609 and became a vassal state of the Satsuma clan , but it was allowed to continue its existing tributary relation with China to allow for indirect Japanese trade with China . Efforts were made to obscure Satsuma 's domination of Ryukyu from the Chinese Court to ensure the continuation of trade and diplomacy , since China refused to conduct formal relations or trade with Japan at the time .
Foreign trade of the United States
This figure rises as long as the US maintains an imbalance in trade , when the value of imports substantially outweighs the value of exports . This external debt does not result mostly from loans to Americans or the American government , nor is it consumer debt owed to non-US creditors . It is an accounting entry that largely represents US domestic assets purchased with trade dollars and owned overseas , largely by US trading partners .
Foreign trade of the United States
Over the long run , nations with trade surpluses tend also to have a savings surplus . The U.S. generally has developed lower savings rates than its trading partners , which have tended to have trade surpluses . Germany , France , Japan , and Canada have maintained higher savings rates than the U.S. over the long run .
Avocado
After the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) went into effect in 1994 , Mexico tried exporting avocados to the US . The US government resisted , claiming the trade would introduce Tephritidae fruit flies that would destroy California 's crops . The Mexican government responded by inviting USDA inspectors to Mexico , but the US government declined , claiming fruit fly inspection was not feasible . The Mexican government then proposed to sell avocados only to the northeastern US in the winter ( fruit flies can not withstand extreme cold ) . The US government balked , but gave in when the Mexican government started erecting barriers to US corn . Selling
Great Depression
The monetary explanation has two weaknesses . First it is not able to explain why the demand for money was falling more rapidly than the supply during the initial downturn in 1930 -- 31 . Second it is not able to explain why in March 1933 a recovery took place although short term interest rates remained close to zero and the Money supply was still falling . These questions are addressed by modern explanations that build on the monetary explanation of Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz but add non-monetary explanations . Debt
Causes of the Great Depression
The monetary explanation has two weaknesses . First it is not able to explain why the demand for money was falling more rapidly than the supply during the initial downturn in 1930 -- 31 . Second it is not able to explain why in March 1933 a recovery took place although short term interest rates remained close to zero and the Money supply was still falling . These questions are addressed by modern explanations that build on the monetary explanation of Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz but add non-monetary explanations . Debt
Colombian emeralds
Although the Colombian emerald trade has a rich history that dates as far back as the pre-Columbian era , the increase in worldwide demand for the industry of the gemstones in the early 20th century has led prices for emeralds to nearly double on the global market . Until 2016 , the Colombian emerald trade was at the center of Colombia 's civil conflict , which has plagued the country since the 1950s .
Economy of Mexico
International trade World Trade Center in Mexico City Exports US $248.8 billion f.o.b. ( 2006 ) Imports US $253.1 billion f.o.b. ( 2006 ) Current account US $400.1 million ( 2006 ) Export partners US 90.9 % , Canada 2.2 % , Spain 1.4 % , Germany 1.3 % , Colombia 0.9 % ( 2006 ) Import partners US 53.4 % , China 8 % , Japan 5.9 % ( 2005 )
Economy of Mexico
Free Trade Agreement with Chile ( 1999 ) ; Free Trade Agreement with the European Union ( 2000 ) ; Free Trade Agreement with Israel ( 2000 ) ; TN Free Trade Agreement ( 2001 ) , with Guatemala , El Salvador and Honduras ; Free Trade Agreement with the European Free Trade Association ( EFTA ) , integrated by Iceland , Norway , Liechtenstein and Switzerland ( 2001 ) ; Free Trade Agreement with Uruguay ( 2004 ) ; and Free Trade Agreement with Japan ( 2005 )
North America
These nations also take part in inter-continental trade blocs . Mexico takes a part in the G3 Free Trade Agreement with Colombia and Venezuela and has a trade agreement with the EU . The United States has proposed and maintained trade agreements under the Transatlantic Free Trade Area between itself and the European Union ; the US - Middle East Free Trade Area between numerous Middle Eastern nations and itself ; and the Trans - Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership between Southeast Asian nations , Australia , and New Zealand .