vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Lithuania
After two civil wars , Vytautas the Great became the Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1392 . During his reign , Lithuania reached the peak of its territorial expansion , centralization of the state began , and the Lithuanian nobility became increasingly prominent in state politics . In the great Battle of the Vorskla River in 1399 , the combined forces of Tokhtamysh and Vytautas were defeated by the Mongols . Thanks to close cooperation , the armies of Lithuania and Poland achieved a great victory over the Teutonic Knights in 1410 at the Battle of Grunwald , one of the largest battles of medieval Europe .
River Song (Doctor Who)
In 2011 series opener `` The Impossible Astronaut '' / `` Day of the Moon '' , River , along with Amy and her husband Rory ( Arthur Darvill ) , is contacted by a future version of the Doctor to meet up in the United States . As they enjoy a lakeside picnic , the Doctor is killed by an assailant in a space suit , and the trio give him a Viking funeral , in Lake Silencio . In 1969 , the present Doctor and company subsequently encounter a little girl ( Sydney Wade ) who wears the space suit , which River tells the Doctor is a life support unit ; the suit has been designed by the hypnotic aliens known as the Silence . Homeless , the girl is later shown regenerating in New York City , 1970 . In `` A Good Man Goes to War '' , it is revealed that River is Amy and Rory 's daughter Melody ( Harrison and Maddison Mortimer ) , who was conceived in the TARDIS while it was in the Time Vortex and consequently carries Time Lord DNA ; the name River Song comes from a recursive translation of Melody Pond via the language of the Gamma Forests ; which have no ponds , only rivers ; hence the translation of `` Pond '' to `` River . '' Baby Melody is kidnapped by Madame Kovarian ( Frances Barber ) to become a weapon against the Doctor .
Southern United States
The two largest research parks in the country are located in the South : Research Triangle Park in North Carolina ( the world 's largest ) and the Cummings Research Park in Huntsville , Alabama ( the world 's fourth largest ) .
Great Lakes
Dispersed throughout the Great Lakes are approximately 35,000 islands . The largest among them is Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron , the largest island in any inland body of water in the world . The second - largest island is Isle Royale in Lake Superior . Both of these islands are large enough to contain multiple lakes themselves -- for instance , Manitoulin Island 's Lake Manitou is the world 's largest lake located on a freshwater island .
Godavari River
Ahmednagar and Aurangabad : Along the boundary here , it receives its first major tributary Pravara River , draining the former district , the confluence located at Pravarasangam . By virtue of a sub-tributary of Pravara -- Mandohol , which originates in Pune District -- the basin impinges the Pune District . The river at Paithan has been impounded by the Jayakwadi Dam forming the NathSagar Reservoir . Kalsubai located in Godavari basin , is the highest peak in Maharashtra . Beed and Jalna Beed and Parbhani : Located along here is its merger with Sindphana , an important tributary which drains a considerably large area within Beed . The sub-tributary river Bindusara forms a landmark at Beed .
Brown bear
Ursus arctos middendorffi -- Kodiak bear Kodiak , Afognak , Shuyak Islands ( Alaska ) , arguably includes other coastal Alaskan forms , which occur in most of the coasts of the western and southern parts of the state . This is the largest distinct subspecies of brown bear , though the coastal - living members of other brown bear subspecies potentially rival it in size . It is medium - hued , typically not as dark as most forms from eastern Asia but distinctly darker than grizzly bears . Ursus arctos sitkensis - Sitka brown bear Admiralty Island , Baranof Island , and Chichagof Island , the `` ABC Islands '' of Alaska . Appearing to be more closely related to the polar bear than to other brown bears although it is on average the most dark - colored race in North America , with similar body size to grizzly bears from interior Alaska . This subspecies is called `` clade II '' by Waits , and others , and is part of the former subspecies identified as U. a . sitkensis , by Hall and as U. a . dalli by Kurtén . Ursus arctos stikeenensis -- Stikine brown bear Northwestern British Columbia From the Stikine River to the Skeena River . Variously recognised as a distinct subspecies or as belonging to subspecies U. a . horribilis . Larger than most other grizzly bear populations , with male sizes approaching the great bears of coastal Alaska . Hybrids
Monongahela River
The Native American word Monongahela means `` falling banks '' , in reference to the geological instability of the river 's banks . Moravian missionary David Zeisberger ( 1721 -- 1808 ) gave this account of the naming : `` In the Indian tongue the name of this river was Mechmenawungihilla ( alternatively spelled Menawngihella ) , which signifies a high bank , which is ever washed out and therefore collapses . ''
Bank of America
On December 2 , 2009 , Bank of America announced it would repay the entire $45 billion it received in TARP and exit the program , using $26.2 billion of excess liquidity along with $18.6 billion to be gained in `` common equivalent securities '' ( Tier 1 capital ) . The bank announced it had completed the repayment on December 9 . Bank of America 's Ken Lewis said during the announcement , `` We appreciate the critical role that the U.S. government played last fall in helping to stabilize financial markets , and we are pleased to be able to fully repay the investment , with interest ... As America 's largest bank , we have a responsibility to make good on the taxpayers ' investment , and our record shows that we have been able to fulfill that commitment while continuing to lend . '' Bonus
Captive killer whales
Mundo Marino , located south of Buenos Aires in the coastal town of San Clemente del Tuyú , Argentina , is the largest aquarium in South America . Mundo Marino is home to one male killer whale , Kshamenk , that was stranded , or force - stranded , in 1992 . Kshamenk is estimated to have been around 4 1 / 2 years old when captured .
Missouri
As for tobacco ( as of July 2016 ) , Missouri has the lowest cigarette excise taxes in the United States , at 17 cents per pack , and the state electorate voted in 2002 , 2006 , 2012 , and twice in 2016 to keep it that way . In 2007 , Forbes named Missouri 's largest metropolitan area , St. Louis , America 's `` best city for smokers '' .
Dutch elm disease
The largest surviving urban forest of elm trees in North America is believed to be in the city of Winnipeg , Manitoba , where close to 200,000 elms remain -- at least double that of Amsterdam , the `` Elm City of Europe '' . The city of Winnipeg spends $3 million annually to aggressively combat the disease using Dursban Turf and the Dutch Trig vaccine , losing 1500 -- 4000 trees per year .
American Sign Language
The largest group of students during the first seven decades of the school were from Martha 's Vineyard , and they brought MVSL with them . There were also 44 students from around Henniker , New Hampshire , and 27 from the Sandy River valley in Maine , each of which had their own village sign language . Other students brought knowledge of their own home signs . Laurent Clerc , the first teacher at ASD , taught using French Sign Language ( LSF ) , which itself had developed in the Parisian school for the deaf established in 1755 . From this situation of language contact , a new language emerged , now known as ASL . American
Latin America
Latin America generally refers to territories in the Americas where the Spanish or Portuguese languages prevail : Mexico , most of Central and South America , and in the Caribbean , Cuba , the Dominican Republic , Jamaica , and Puerto Rico . Latin America is , therefore , defined as all those parts of the Americas that were once part of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires . By this definition , Latin America is coterminous with Ibero - America ( `` Iberian America '' ) . The term is sometimes used more broadly to refer to all of the Americas south of the United States , thus including the Guianas , the Anglophone Caribbean ( and Belize ) ; the Francophone Caribbean ; and the Dutch Caribbean . This definition emphasizes a similar socioeconomic history of the region , which was characterized by formal or informal colonialism , rather than cultural aspects ( see , for example , dependency theory ) . As such , some sources avoid this oversimplification by using the phrase `` Latin America and the Caribbean '' instead , as in the United Nations geoscheme for the Americas . In a more literal definition , which is close to the semantic origin , Latin America designates countries in the Americas where a Romance language ( a language derived from Latin ) predominates : Spanish , Portuguese , French , and the creole languages based upon these . In this definition , Quebec would be classified as part of Latin America .
Demographics of Mexico
Emigration list from Mexico Mexican residents in the world by countries Country Population Position Continent United States 9,900,000 North America Canada 36,225 North America Spain 15,399 Europe Guatemala 14,481 Central America Bolivia 13,377 5 South America Germany 8,848 6 Europe Argentina 6,750 7 South America United Kingdom 5,125 8 Europe France 4,601 9 Europe Israel 4,252 10 Asia Netherlands 3,758 11 Europe Italy 3,485 12 Europe Venezuela 3,075 13 South America Sweden 2,794 14 Europe Belize 2,349 15 Central America Costa Rica 2,327 16 Central America Panama 2,299 17 Central America Colombia 2,286 18 South America Chile 1,874 19 South America Paraguay 1,778 20 South America The list includes also temporary residents ( 1 -- 3 years ' stay )
Latin America
Spanish colonization was rather different from later English , or British , colonization of North America . They had different systems of colonization and different methods of subjugation . While the English were primarily interested in grabbing land , the Spanish in addition had a mandate to incorporate the land 's inhabitants into their society , something which was achieved by religious conversion and sexual unions which produced a new ' race ' of mestizos , a mixture of Europeans and indigenous peoples . mestizos ( sic ) form the majority of the population in Mexico , Central America , and much of South America . Racial mixing or miscegenation , after all , was something that the Spanish and Portuguese had been accustomed to during the hundreds of years of contact with Arabs and North Africans .
Caribbean Sea
In the Caribbean 600 species of birds have been recorded of which 163 are endemic such as the tody , Fernandina 's flicker and palmchat . The American yellow warbler is found in many areas as is the green heron . Of the endemic species 48 are threatened with extinction including the Puerto Rican amazon , yellow - breasted crake and the Zapata wren . According to Birdlife International in 2006 in Cuba 29 species of bird are in danger of extinction and two species officially extinct . The black - fronted piping guan is endangered as is the plain pigeon . The Antilles along with Central America lie in the flight path of migrating birds from North America so the size of populations is subject to seasonal fluctuations . In the forests are found parrots , bananaquit and toucans . Over the open sea can be seen frigatebirds and tropicbirds .
Monolith Tour
Monolith Tour Tour by Thirty Seconds to Mars Promotional poster for the tour Associated album America Start date March 12 , 2018 End date October 13 , 2018 Legs 5 No. of shows 49 in Europe 37 in North America 6 in South America 1 in Central America 93 total Thirty Seconds to Mars concert chronology Love , Lust , Faith and Dreams Tour ( 2013 -- 15 ) Monolith Tour ( 2018 )
Cranberry
Vaccinium oxycoccos or Oxycoccus palustris ( common cranberry , northern cranberry or cranberry ) is widespread throughout the cool temperate northern hemisphere , including northern Europe , northern Asia , and northern North America . It has small 5 -- 10 mm leaves . The flowers are dark pink , with a purple central spike , produced on finely hairy stems . The fruit is a small pale pink berry , with a refreshing sharp acidic flavor . Vaccinium microcarpum or Oxycoccus microcarpus ( small cranberry ) occurs in northern North America , northern Europe and northern Asia , and differs from V. oxycoccos in the leaves being more triangular , and the flower stems hairless . Some botanists include it within V. oxycoccos . Vaccinium macrocarpon or Oxycoccus macrocarpus ( large cranberry , American cranberry , bearberry ) native to northern North America across Canada , and eastern United States , south to North Carolina at high altitudes ) . It differs from V. oxycoccos in the leaves being larger , 10 -- 20 mm long , and in its slightly apple - like taste .
British North America Acts
This Act is not to be confused with the British North America Act , 1949 later renamed the Newfoundland Act in 1982 - which confirmed the terms of union between Newfoundland and Canada and which made Newfoundland the tenth province .
The Matrix Reloaded
The film earned an estimated $5 million during Wednesday night previews in North America . Reloaded grossed $37.5 million on its Thursday opening day in North America from 3,603 theaters , which was the second highest opening day after Spider - Man 's $39.4 million and highest for a Thursday . The film earned $91.7 million in its first weekend , and ultimately grossed $281.5 million in the US , and $742.1 million worldwide . The film sold an estimated 46,695,900 tickets in North America .
Bothrops asper
It is found in the Atlantic lowlands of eastern Mexico and Central America , including Guatemala , Belize , Honduras , Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama . An isolated population occurs in southeastern Chiapas ( Mexico ) and southwestern Guatemala . In northern South America , it is found in Colombia , Ecuador , Guyana and Venezuela . The type locality given is `` Obispo , on the Isthmus of Darien '' ( Panama ) .
Spanish colonization of the Americas
Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean and continuing control of vast territory for over three centuries , the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands , half of South America , most of Central America and much of North America ( including present day Mexico , Florida and the Southwestern and Pacific Coastal regions of the United States ) . It is estimated that during the colonial period ( 1492 -- 1832 ) , a total of 1.86 million Spaniards settled in the Americas and a further 3.5 million immigrated during the post-colonial era ( 1850 -- 1950 ) ; the estimate is 250,000 in the 16th century , and most during the 18th century as immigration was encouraged by the new Bourbon Dynasty . In contrast , the outcome for indigenous populations was much worse , with an estimated 8 million deaths during the initial conquest , making this the first large - scale act of genocide in the modern era .
Ottawa
The Rideau Canal is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America , and in 2007 , it was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . In addition , 24 other National Historic Sites of Canada are in Ottawa , including : the Central Chambers , the Central Experimental Farm , the Château Laurier , Confederation Square , the former Ottawa Teachers ' College , Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council , Laurier House and the Parliament Buildings . Many other properties of cultural value have been designated as having `` heritage elements '' by the City of Ottawa under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act .
British North America Acts
The British North America Acts 1867 -- 1975 are the original names of a series of Acts at the core of the constitution of Canada . They were enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the Parliament of Canada . In Canada , some of the Acts were amended or repealed by the Constitution Act , 1982 . The rest were renamed in Canada as the Constitution Acts . In the United Kingdom , those Acts that were passed by the British Parliament remain under their original names . The term `` British North America '' ( BNA ) refers to the British colonies in North America .
Latin America
With the arrival of the Europeans following Christopher Columbus ' voyages , the indigenous elites , such as the Incas and Aztecs , lost power to the heavy European invasion . Hernándo Cortés seized the Aztec elite 's power with the help of local groups who had favored the Aztec elite , and Francisco Pizarro eliminated the Incan rule in Western South America . The European powers of Spain and Portugal colonized the region , which along with the rest of the uncolonized world , was divided into areas of Spanish and Portuguese control by the line of demarcation in 1494 , which gave Spain all areas to the west , and Portugal all areas to the east ( the Portuguese lands in South America subsequently becoming Brazil ) . By the end of the sixteenth century Spain and Portugal had been joined by others , including France , in occupying large areas of North , Central and South America , ultimately extending from Alaska to the southern tips of the Patagonia . European culture , customs and government were introduced , with the Roman Catholic Church becoming the major economic and political power to overrule the traditional ways of the region , eventually becoming the only official religion of the Americas during this period .
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
The film eventually grossed $197,171,806 in North America and $277 million internationally , for a worldwide total of $474,171,806 . At the time of its release , the film was the 11th highest - grossing film of all time . Despite competition from Batman , The Last Crusade became the highest - grossing film worldwide in 1989 . In North America , Batman took top position . Behind Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and Raiders , The Last Crusade is the third - highest grossing Indiana Jones film in North America , though it is also behind Temple of Doom when adjusting for inflation . Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 49 million tickets in North America .
Adams–Onís Treaty
Spain had long rejected repeated American efforts to purchase Florida . But by 1818 , Spain was facing a troubling colonial situation in which the cession of Florida made sense . Spain had been exhausted by the Peninsular War in Europe and needed to rebuild its credibility and presence in its colonies . Revolutionaries in Central America and South America were beginning to demand independence . Spain was unwilling to invest further in Florida , encroached on by American settlers , and it worried about the border between New Spain ( a large area including today 's Mexico , Central America , and much of the current US Western States ) and the United States . With minor military presence in Florida , Spain was not able to restrain the Seminole warriors who routinely crossed the border and raided American villages and farms , as well as protected southern slave refugees from slave owners and traders of the southern United States .
Elk
Early European explorers in North America , who were familiar with the smaller red deer of Europe , thought that the larger North American animal resembled a moose , and consequently gave it the name elk , which is the common European name for moose . The word elk is related to the Latin alces , Old Norse elgr , Scandinavian elg / älg and German Elch , all of which refer to the animal known in North America as the moose .
Dutch elm disease
Ophiostoma ulmi , which afflicted Europe from 1910 , reaching North America on imported timber in 1928 . Ophiostoma himal - ulmi , a species endemic to the western Himalaya . Ophiostoma novo - ulmi , an extremely virulent species from Japan which was first described in Europe and North America in the 1940s and has devastated elms in both continents since the late 1960s . Beetle
Bank of America
Bank of America Tower in Phoenix , Arizona Bank of America Center in Los Angeles Transamerica Pyramid , in San Francisco 555 California Street , formerly the Bank of America Center and world headquarters , in San Francisco Bank of America Plaza in Fort Lauderdale , Florida Bank of America Tower in Jacksonville , Florida Bank of America Financial Center ( Brickell ) and Bank of America Museum Tower ( Downtown Miami ) in Miami , Florida Bank of America Center in Orlando , Florida Bank of America Tower in St. Petersburg , Florida Bank of America Plaza in Tampa , Florida Bank of America Plaza in Atlanta , Georgia Bank of America Building , formerly the LaSalle Bank Building in Chicago , Illinois One City Center , often called the Bank of America building due to signage rights , in Portland , Maine Bank of America Building in Baltimore , Maryland Bank of America Plaza in St Louis , Missouri Bank of America Tower in Albuquerque , New Mexico Bank of America Tower in New York City Bank of America Corporate Center in Charlotte , North Carolina ( the corporate headquarters ) Bank of America Plaza in Charlotte , North Carolina Bank of America Plaza in Dallas , Texas Bank of America Center in Houston , Texas Bank of America Tower in Midland , Texas Bank of America Plaza in San Antonio , Texas Bank of America Fifth Avenue Plaza in Seattle , Washington Columbia Center in Seattle , Washington Bank of America Tower in Hong Kong City Place I , also known as United Healthcare Center , in Hartford , Connecticut ( the tallest building in Connecticut ) 9454 Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills , California
The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement
The film opened in 3,472 theaters in North America and grossed $22,956,453 in its opening weekend . It grossed $134,734,481 worldwide -- $95,170,481 in North America and $39,564,000 in other territories .
French and Indian War
The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo - French conflict . France ceded to Great Britain its territory east of the Mississippi . It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River ( including New Orleans ) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain 's loss to Britain of Florida . ( Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana , Cuba . ) France 's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon , confirming Great Britain 's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America .
Latin America
Latin America can be subdivided into several subregions based on geography , politics , demographics and culture . If defined as all of the Americas south of the United States , the basic geographical subregions are North America , Central America , the Caribbean and South America ; the latter contains further politico - geographical subdivisions such as the Southern Cone , the Guianas and the Andean states . It may be subdivided on linguistic grounds into Hispanic America , Portuguese America and French America .
North America
North America 's GDP per capita was evaluated in October 2016 by the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) to be $41,830 , making it the richest continent in the world , followed by Oceania .
Evidence of common descent
The history of the camel provides an example of how fossil evidence can be used to reconstruct migration and subsequent evolution . The fossil record indicates that the evolution of camelids started in North America ( see figure 4e ) , from which , six million years ago , they migrated across the Bering Strait into Asia and then to Africa , and 3.5 million years ago through the Isthmus of Panama into South America . Once isolated , they evolved along their own lines , giving rise to the Bactrian camel and dromedary in Asia and Africa and the llama and its relatives in South America . Camelids then became extinct in North America at the end of the last ice age .