vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Due to the differences in lifestyle promoted by church doctrine and history , members of the church have developed a distinct culture . It is primarily concentrated in the Intermountain West . Many of the church 's more distinctive practices include adhering to the Word of Wisdom , a health law or code which outlines guidelines for maintaining good health . Among these guidelines are instructions prohibiting the consumption of tobacco , alcohol , coffee , tea , and improper drug use . As a result of members adhering to the Word of Wisdom , areas of the world with a high concentration of LDS members practice these restrictions . They sometimes come into conflict with local retail businesses that serve non-members .
Causes of the Great Depression
The United States government and the Federal Reserve did not do that during the 1929 ‐ 32 slide into the Great Depression The existence of `` liquidationism '' played a key part in motivating public policy decisions not to fight the gathering Great Depression . An increasingly common view among economic historians is that the adherence of some Federal Reserve policymakers to the liquidationist thesis led to disastrous consequences . Regarding the policies of President Hoover , economists Barry Eichengreen and J. Bradford DeLong point out that the Hoover administration 's fiscal policy was guided by liquidationist economists and policy makers , as Hoover tried to keep the federal budget balanced until 1932 , when Hoover lost confidence in his Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon and replaced him . Hoover wrote in his memoirs he did not side with the liquidationists , but took the side of those in his cabinet with `` economic responsibility '' , his Secretary of Commerce Robert P. Lamont and Secretary of Agriculture Arthur M. Hyde , who advised the President to `` use the powers of government to cushion the situation '' . But at the same time he kept Andrew Mellon as Secretary of the Treasury until February 1932 . It was during 1932 that Hoover began to support more aggressive measures to combat the Depression . In his memoirs , President Hoover wrote bitterly about members of his Cabinet who had advised inaction during the downslide into the Great Depression :
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
The second method of obtaining membership is through mutual recognition agreements or MRAs . ICAI has entered into MRAs with several institutes globally , of equivalent standing , to enable members of those institutes to acquire membership of ICAI and to enable the members of ICAI to gain membership of its counterpart in other country. This is done by granting some exemptions in the regular scheme of examination and training .
Trafficking of children
A variety of regional instruments have also been developed to guide countries in decisions regarding child trafficking . Below are some of the major instruments , though many others exist :
United States free speech exceptions
With respect to the United States Military , the federal government has extremely broad power to restrict the speech of military officers , even if such a restriction would be invalid with a civilian . The Supreme Court affirmed this principle in Parker v. Levy ( 1974 ) when the Court held the military was essentially a `` specialized society from civilian society '' , which necessitated stricter guidelines . Since Parker , there have been few cases to issue more specific limits on the government 's control of military expression .
Osage Nation
In 1889 , the US federal government claimed to no longer recognize the legitimacy of a governing Osage National Council , which the people had created in 1881 , with a constitution that adopted some aspects of that of the United States . In 1906 , as part of the Osage Allotment Act , the US Congress created the Osage Tribal Council to handle affairs of the tribe . It extinguished the power of tribal governments in order to enable the admission of the Indian Territory as part of the state of Oklahoma .
HTML
The original purpose of the doctype was to enable parsing and validation of HTML documents by SGML tools based on the Document Type Definition ( DTD ) . The DTD to which the DOCTYPE refers contains a machine - readable grammar specifying the permitted and prohibited content for a document conforming to such a DTD . Browsers , on the other hand , do not implement HTML as an application of SGML and by consequence do not read the DTD .
Government of Australia
The High Court is the final court of appeal in Australia and has the jurisdiction to hear appeals on matters of both federal and state law . It has both original and appellate jurisdiction , the power of judicial review over laws passed by federal and State parliaments , and has jurisdiction to interpret the Constitution of Australia . Unlike in the United States , there is only one common law of Australia , rather than separate common laws for each State .
Recycling
In the strictest sense , recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material -- for example , used office paper would be converted into new office paper or used polystyrene foam into new polystyrene . However , this is often difficult or too expensive ( compared with producing the same product from raw materials or other sources ) , so `` recycling '' of many products or materials involves their reuse in producing different materials ( for example , paperboard ) instead . Another form of recycling is the salvage of certain materials from complex products , either due to their intrinsic value ( such as lead from car batteries , or gold from circuit boards ) , or due to their hazardous nature ( e.g. , removal and reuse of mercury from thermometers and thermostats ) .
Sanctuary city
Boulder became a sanctuary city in 2017 . Denver does not identify as a sanctuary city . The Denver Post reports : `` The city does n't have an ordinance staking out a claim or barring information - sharing with federal officials about a person 's immigration status , unlike some cities . But it is among cities that do n't enforce immigration laws or honor federal ' detainer ' requests to hold immigrants with suspect legal status in jail past their release dates . Estes Park police chief Wes Kufeld stated that , `` As far as day - to - day policing , people are not required to provide proof of immigration status , and our officers are not required by ICE to check immigration status , nor to conduct sweeps for undocumented individuals . So , we do n't do these things . '' He added that town police do assist ICE in the arrest and detainment of any illegal immigrant suspected of a felony . Connecticut
Mars, Incorporated
In 2011 , Mars and Fairtrade International announced an agreement to introduce the first Fairtrade labeled Mars product and to work together to enable farmers to have sustainable livelihoods and substantially increased productivity . The first Mars product to carry the Fairtrade mark will be Maltesers , to appear in stores in 2012 in the UK and Ireland .
Republic
States of the United States are required , like the federal government , to be republican in form , with final authority resting with the people . This was required because the states were intended to create and enforce most domestic laws , with the exception of areas delegated to the federal government and prohibited to the states . The founding fathers of the country intended most domestic laws to be handled by the states . Requiring the states to be a republic in form was seen as protecting the citizens ' rights and preventing a state from becoming a dictatorship or monarchy , and reflected unwillingness on the part of the original 13 states ( all independent republics ) to unite with other states that were not republics . Additionally , this requirement ensured that only other republics could join the union .
Water supply and sanitation in Abu Dhabi
Artificial groundwater recharge with desalinated water has been piloted in 2003 near the Liwa Oasis and construction of large - scale recharge facilities has begun in 2008 . The objective is to create a 90 - day reserve instead of the current 48 - hour reserve for drinking water supply , in order to protect the emirate against the risk of terrorist attacks or oil spills that would shut down the entire water supply . Recharge will occur during summer when the desalination plants generate surplus freshwater . Desalination plants in Abu Dhabi use the multi-stage flash distillation technology which uses steam from thermal power plants as an energy source . Their water production thus is proportional to electricity production and reaches a peak during the summer when electricity production is highest to power air conditioning . The recharge scheme is currently under construction and is due to be completed by 2013 .
Peroxisome
Peroxisomes can be derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and replicate by fission . Peroxisome matrix proteins are translated in the cytoplasm prior to import . Specific amino acid sequences ( PTS or peroxisomal targeting signal ) at the C - terminus ( PTS1 ) or N - terminus ( PTS2 ) of peroxisomal matrix proteins signals them to be imported into the organelle . There are at least 32 known peroxisomal proteins , called peroxins , which participate in the process of peroxisome assembly . Proteins do not have to unfold to be imported into the peroxisome . The protein receptors , the peroxins PEX5 and PEX7 , accompany their cargoes ( containing a PTS1 or a PTS2 amino acid sequence , respectively ) all the way into the peroxisome where they release the cargo and then return to the cytosol -- a step named recycling . A model describing the import cycle is referred to as the extended shuttle mechanism . There is now evidence that ATP hydrolysis is required for the recycling of receptors to the cytosol . Also , ubiquitination appears to be crucial for the export of PEX5 from the peroxisome , to the cytosol .
Languages with official status in India
Annual targets are set by the Department of Official Language regarding the amount of correspondence being carried out in Hindi . A Parliament Committee on Official Language constituted in 1976 periodically reviews the progress in the use of Hindi and submits a report to the President . The governmental body which makes policy decisions and established guidelines for promotion of Hindi is the Kendriya Hindi Samiti ( est. 1967 ) . In every city that has more than ten central Government offices , a Town Official Language Implementation Committee is established and cash awards are given to government employees who write books in Hindi . All Central government offices and PSUs are to establish Hindi Cells for implementation of Hindi in their offices .
Great Migration (African American)
As a result , southern employers increased their wages to match those on offer in the North , and some individual employers opposed the worst excesses of Jim Crow laws . When the measures failed to stem the tide , white southerners , in concert with federal officials who feared the rise of black nationalism , co-operated in attempting to coerce blacks to stay in the south . The Southern Metal Trades Association urged decisive action to stop black migration , and some employers undertook serious efforts against it . The largest southern steel manufacturer refused to cash checks sent to finance black migration , efforts were made to restrict bus and train access for blacks , agents were stationed in northern cities to report on wage levels , unionization , and the rise of black nationalism , and newspapers were pressured to divert more coverage to negative aspects of black life in the North . A series of local and federal directives were put into place with the goal of restricting black mobility , including local vagrancy ordinances , `` work or fight '' laws demanding all males either be employed or serve in the army , and conscription orders . Intimidation and beatings were also used to terrorize blacks into staying .
Freedom of speech by country
The penal code does have laws sanctioning certain types of expression . Such laws and freedom of speech were at the centre of a public debate in The Netherlands after the arrest on 16 May 2008 of cartoonist Gregorius Nekschot . On 1 February 2014 , Dutch Parliament abolished the law penalizing blasphemy . Laws that punish discriminatory speech however still exist and are occasionally used to prosecute .
2018 FIFA World Cup
The Russian government had originally earmarked a budget of around $20 billion which was later slashed to $10 billion for the preparations of the World Cup , of which half is spent on transport infrastructure . As part of the program for preparation to the 2018 FIFA World Cup , a federal sub-program `` Construction and Renovation of Transport Infrastructure '' was implemented with a total budget of 352.5 billion rubles , with 170.3 billion coming from the federal budget , 35.1 billion from regional budgets , and 147.1 billion from investors . The biggest item of federal spending was the aviation infrastructure ( 117.8 billion rubles ) . Construction of new hotels was a crucial area of infrastructure development in the World Cup host cities . Costs continued to balloon as preparations were underway .
Ship
The advance of a vessel through water is resisted by the water . This resistance can be broken down into several components , the main ones being the friction of the water on the hull and wave making resistance . To reduce resistance and therefore increase the speed for a given power , it is necessary to reduce the wetted surface and use submerged hull shapes that produce low amplitude waves . To do so , high - speed vessels are often more slender , with fewer or smaller appendages . The friction of the water is also reduced by regular maintenance of the hull to remove the sea creatures and algae that accumulate there . Antifouling paint is commonly used to assist in this . Advanced designs such as the bulbous bow assist in decreasing wave resistance .
Institutional review board
Other federal agencies supporting social science have attempted to provide guidance in this area , especially the National Science Foundation . In general , the NSF guidelines assure IRBs that the regulations have some flexibility and rely on the common sense of the IRB to focus on limiting harm , maximizing informed consent , and limiting bureaucratic limitations of valid research .
Flint water crisis
On January 27 , Snyder announced the establishment of the new 17 - member Flint Water Interagency Coordinating Committee to `` make recommendations regarding the health and welfare of people exposed to lead , study Flint 's water infrastructure and determine potential upgrades , review Flint Water Task Force recommendations , and establish ways to improve communication between local and state government . ''
Construction of the World Trade Center
Construction work began on the North Tower in August 1968 with construction beginning on the South Tower by January 1969 . In January 1967 , $74 million in contracts were awarded to the Pacific Car and Foundry Company , Laclede Steel Company , Granite City Steel Company , and Karl Koch Erecting Company to supply steel for the project . The Port Authority chose to use many different steel suppliers , bidding on smaller portions of steel , rather than buy larger amounts from a single source such as Bethlehem Steel or U.S. Steel as a cost - saving measure . Karl Koch was also hired to do all the work of erecting the steel , and a contract for work on the aluminum facade was awarded to the Aluminum Company of America . Tishman Realty & Construction was hired in February 1967 to oversee construction of the project . World
Sustainability
In ecology , sustainability ( from sustain and ability ) is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely . Long - lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems . In more general terms , sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes . The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development , which includes the four interconnected domains : ecology , economics , politics and culture . Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science .
Electric bicycle laws
In Quebec power - assisted bicycles are often classified similarly to standard pedal bicycles . They do not have to meet the conditions defined within the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations ( they are not classed as `` motor vehicles '' ) , but they do have to comply with federal regulations that define Power Assisted Bicycles . The Quebec Highway Safety Code defines a power - assisted bicycle as a bicycle ( 2 or 3 wheels that touch the ground ) with an electric motor with a maximum power of 500W and a top speed of 32 km / h bearing a specific compliance label pêrmanently attached by the manufacturer . PABs are permitted on the road in the province of Quebec , but riders have to be 14 and over to ride the electric bicycle and if they 're under the age of 18 , must have a moped or scooter license . Saskatchewan
Sanctuary city
Minneapolis has an ordinance , adopted in 2003 , that directs local law enforcement officers `` not to ' take any law enforcement action ' for the sole purpose of finding undocumented immigrants , or ask an individual about his or her immigration status . '' The Minneapolis ordinance does not bar cooperation with federal authorities : `` The city works cooperatively with the Homeland Security , as it does with all state and federal agencies , but the city does not operate its programs for the purpose of enforcing federal immigration laws . The Homeland Security has the legal authority to enforce immigration laws in the United States , in Minnesota and in the city . '' New
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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Water in California
The planning and management of water in California is subject to a vast number of laws , regulations , management plans , and historic water rights . The state agency responsible for water planning is the California Department of Water Resources .
Atlantic Ocean
In the South - East Atlantic catches have decreased from 3.3 million tons in the early 1970s to 1.3 million tons in 2013 . Horse mackerel and hake are the most important species , together representing almost half of the landings . Off South Africa and Namibia deep - water hake and shallow - water Cape hake have recovered to sustainable levels since regulations were introduced in 2006 and the states of Southern African pilchard and anchovy have improved to fully fished in 2013 .
Biomass
The adoption of biomass - based energy plants has been a slow but steady process . Between the years of 2002 and 2012 the production of these plants has increased 14 % . In the United States , alternative electricity - production sources on the whole generate about 13 % of power ; of this fraction , biomass contributes approximately 11 % of the alternative production . According to a study conducted in early 2012 , of the 107 operating biomass plants in the United States , 85 have been cited by federal or state regulators for the violation of clean air or water standards laws over the past 5 years . This data also includes minor infractions .
Atmosphere of Venus
Due to the harsh conditions on the surface , little of the planet has been explored ; in addition to the fact that life as currently understood may not necessarily be the same in other parts of the universe , the extent of the tenacity of life on Earth itself has not yet been shown . Creatures known as extremophiles exist on Earth , preferring extreme habitats . Thermophiles and hyperthermophiles thrive at temperatures reaching above the boiling point of water , acidophiles thrive at a pH level of 3 or below , polyextremophiles can survive a varied number of extreme conditions , and many other types of extremophiles exist on Earth .
Electric bicycle laws
In Nova Scotia power - assisted bicycles are classified similarly to standard pedal bicycles . The Nova Scotia Motor Vehicle Act defines a power - assisted bicycle as a bicycle with an electric motor of 500 watts or less , with two wheels ( one of which is at least 350 mm ) or four wheels ( two of which are at least 350mm ) . PABs are permitted on the road in the province of Nova Scotia as long as you wear an approved bicycle helmet with the chinstrap engaged . They do not have to meet the conditions defined within the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations for a motorcycle ( they are not classed as `` motor vehicles '' ) , but they do have to comply with federal regulations that define Power Assisted Bicycles . Prince
Flint water crisis
Edwards was shocked by the extent of the contamination , but even more so by the inaction of the proper authorities after being made well aware of the contamination . Edwards and his team found that at least a quarter of Flint households had levels of lead above the federal level of 15 parts per billion ( ppb ) and that in some homes , lead levels were at 13,200 ppb . Edwards said , `` It was the injustice of it all and that the very agencies that are paid to protect these residents from lead in water , knew or should 've known after June at the very very latest of this year , that federal law was not being followed in Flint , and that these children and residents were not being protected . And the extent to which they went to cover this up exposes a new level of arrogance and uncaring that I have never encountered . ''
Alternative energy
Such renewable fuels alleviate the costs and dependency issues of imported fossil fuels without requiring either electrification of the vehicle fleet or conversion to hydrogen or other fuels , enabling continued compatible and affordable vehicles . Carbon - neutral fuels offer relatively low cost energy storage , alleviating the problems of wind and solar intermittency , and they enable distribution of wind , water , and solar power through existing natural gas pipelines .
Malaysia
Race is a significant force in politics , and many political parties are ethnically based . Affirmative actions such as the New Economic Policy and the National Development Policy which superseded it , were implemented to advance the standing of the bumiputera , consisting of Malays and the indigenous tribes who are considered the original inhabitants of Malaysia , over non-bumiputera such as Malaysian Chinese and Malaysian Indians . These policies provide preferential treatment to bumiputera in employment , education , scholarships , business , and access to cheaper housing and assisted savings . However , it has generated greater interethnic resentment . There is ongoing debate over whether the laws and society of Malaysia should reflect secular or Islamic principles . Islamic criminal laws passed by the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party with the support of UMNO state assemblymen in the state legislative assembly of Kelantan have been blocked by the federal government on the basis that criminal laws are the responsibility of the federal government .
Great Depression in Canada
After 1936 the prime minister lost patience when westerners preferred radical alternatives such as the CCF ( Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ) and Social Credit to his middle - of - the - road liberalism . Indeed , he came close to writing off the region with his comment that the prairie dust bowl was `` part of the U.S. desert area . I doubt if it will be of any real use again . '' Instead he paid more attention to the industrial regions and the needs of Ontario and Quebec regarding the proposed St. Lawrence Seaway project with the United States . As for the unemployed , he was hostile to federal relief and reluctantly accepted a Keynesian solution that involved federal deficit spending , tax cuts and subsidies to the housing market .