vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Stepfamily
A `` simple '' stepfamily is one in which only one member of the couple has a prior child or children and the couple has not yet had additional children . When both members of the couple have at least one pre-existing child , the new family is `` complex '' or `` blended '' from the start ; if only one member has one or more prior children but the couple has another child together , the `` complex '' / `` blended '' designation replaces the `` simple '' designation upon the birth of the new child . If both members of the couple have prior children , those children are stepbrothers and stepsisters to one another . Any subsequent child born to the couple is a half - sibling of the respective members ' prior children .
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
An example of obedience and punishment driven morality would be a child refusing to do something because it is wrong and that the consequences could result in punishment . For example , a child 's classmate tries to dare the child to skip school . The child would apply obedience and punishment driven morality by refusing to skip school because he would get punished .
Sex offender
Critics point out that contrary to media depictions , abductions by predatory offenders are very rare and 93 % of child sexual abuse is committed by someone the child knows : a family member , a family friend , someone in a position of authority . According to the U.S. Department of Justice , sex offender recidivism is 5.3 % , the lowest for any type of crime except homicide .
Nile
The flow of the Blue Nile varies considerably over its yearly cycle and is the main contribution to the large natural variation of the Nile flow . During the dry season the natural discharge of the Blue Nile can be as low as 113 m / s ( 4,000 cu ft / s ) , although upstream dams regulate the flow of the river . During the wet season the peak flow of the Blue Nile often exceeds 5,663 m / s ( 200,000 cu ft / s ) in late August ( a difference of a factor of 50 ) .
Nine Years' War
The main fighting took place around France 's borders in the Spanish Netherlands , the Rhineland , the Duchy of Savoy and Catalonia . The fighting generally favoured Louis XIV 's armies , but by 1696 his country was in the grip of an economic crisis . The Maritime Powers ( England and the Dutch Republic ) were also financially exhausted , and when Savoy defected from the Alliance , all parties were keen to negotiate a settlement . By the terms of the Treaty of Ryswick ( 1697 ) Louis XIV retained the whole of Alsace but was forced to return Lorraine to its ruler and give up any gains on the right bank of the Rhine . Louis XIV also accepted William III as the rightful King of England , while the Dutch acquired a Barrier fortress system in the Spanish Netherlands to help secure their borders . With the ailing and childless Charles II of Spain approaching his end , a new conflict over the inheritance of the Spanish Empire embroiled Louis XIV and the Grand Alliance in the War of the Spanish Succession .
List of The Mortal Instruments characters
Alec is the oldest child of the Lightwood family , and the first son of Maryse and Robert Lightwood . Isabelle and Max Lightwood are his younger siblings , and Jace is his adoptive brother and Parabatai .
Houston Astros
Two awards are presented each year , one to a Houston Astro and one to a St. Louis Cardinal , each of whom exemplifies Kile 's virtues of being `` a good teammate , a great friend , a fine father and a humble man . '' The winner is selected by each local chapter of the Baseball Writers ' Association of America .
Child labour
Systematic use of child labour was common place in the colonies of European powers between 1650 and 1950 . In Africa , colonial administrators encouraged traditional kin - ordered modes of production , that is hiring a household for work not just the adults . Millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations , mines and domestic service industries . Sophisticated schemes were promulgated where children in these colonies between the ages of 5 -- 14 were hired as an apprentice without pay in exchange for learning a craft . A system of Pauper Apprenticeship came into practice in the 19th century where the colonial master neither needed the native parents ' nor child 's approval to assign a child to labour , away from parents , at a distant farm owned by a different colonial master . Other schemes included ' earn - and - learn ' programs where children would work and thereby learn . Britain for example passed a law , the so - called Masters and Servants Act of 1899 , followed by Tax and Pass Law , to encourage child labour in colonies particularly in Africa . These laws offered the native people the legal ownership to some of the native land in exchange for making labour of wife and children available to colonial government 's needs such as in farms and as picannins .
The Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee Airmen DVD Cover art Genre Drama History War Written by Paris Qualles Trey Ellis Ron Hutchinson Robert Wayland Williams T.S. Cook Directed by Robert Markowitz Starring Laurence Fishburne Allen Payne Malcolm - Jamal Warner Courtney B. Vance Andre Braugher Christopher McDonald Daniel Hugh Kelly Mekhi Phifer John Lithgow Cuba Gooding Jr . Music by Lee Holdridge Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English Production Executive producer ( s ) Frank Price Robert Wayland Williams ( co-executive producer ) Producer ( s ) Bill Carraro Carol Bahoric ( co-producer ) Cinematography Ron Orieux Editor ( s ) David Beatty Running time 106 minutes Production company ( s ) HBO Pictures Price Entertainment Distributor HBO Release Original release August 26 , 1995
One-child policy
The one - child policy has played a major role in improving the quality of life for women in China . For thousands of years , girls have held a lower status in Chinese households . However , the one - child policy 's limit on the number of children has prompted parents of women to start investing money in their well - being . As a result of being an only child , women have increased opportunity to receive an education , and support to get better jobs . One of the side effects of the one - child policy is to have liberated women from heavy duties in terms of taking care of many children and the family in the past ; instead women had a lot of spare time for themselves to pursue their career or hobbies . The other major `` side effect '' of the one child policy is that the traditional concepts of gender roles between men and women have weakened . Being one and the only `` chance '' the parents have , women are expected to compete with peer men for better educational resources or career opportunities . Especially in cities where one - child policy was much more regulated and enforced , expectations on women to succeed in life are no less than on men .
Jury trial
This last point may be disputed . For example , in highly emotional cases , such as child rape , the jury may be tempted to convict based on personal feelings rather than on conviction beyond reasonable doubt . In France , former attorney , then later minister of Justice Robert Badinter , remarked about jury trials in France that they were like `` riding a ship into a storm '' , because they are much less predictable than bench trials .
Child labour
Accurate present day child labour information is difficult to obtain because of disagreements between data sources as to what constitutes child labour . In some countries , government policy contributes to this difficulty . For example , the overall extent of child labour in China is unclear due to the government categorizing child labour data as `` highly secret '' . China has enacted regulations to prevent child labour ; still , the practice of child labour is reported to be a persistent problem within China , generally in agriculture and low - skill service sectors as well as small workshops and manufacturing enterprises . In 2014 , the U.S. Department of Labor issued a List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor where China was attributed 12 goods the majority of which were produced by both underage children and indentured labourers . The report listed electronics , garments , toys and coal among other goods .
Hyde Park, London
In 1867 the policing of the park was entrusted to the Metropolitan Police , the only royal park so managed , due to the potential for trouble at Speakers ' Corner . A Metropolitan Police station ( ' AH ' ) is situated in the middle of the park . The 1872 Parks Regulation Act created positions of `` park keeper '' and also provided that `` Every police constable belonging to the police force of the district in which any park , garden , or possession to which this Act applies is situate shall have the powers , privileges , and immunities of a park - keeper within such park , garden , or possession . '' The
Child labour
Biggeri and Mehrotra have studied the macroeconomic factors that encourage child labour . They focus their study on five Asian nations including India , Pakistan , Indonesia , Thailand and Philippines . They suggest that child labour is a serious problem in all five , but it is not a new problem . Macroeconomic causes encouraged widespread child labour across the world , over most of human history . They suggest that the causes for child labour include both the demand and the supply side . While poverty and unavailability of good schools explain the child labour supply side , they suggest that the growth of low - paying informal economy rather than higher paying formal economy is amongst the causes of the demand side . Other scholars too suggest that inflexible labour market , sise of informal economy , inability of industries to scale up and lack of modern manufacturing technologies are major macroeconomic factors affecting demand and acceptability of child labour .
Godparent
A godparent ( also known as a sponsor ) , in many denominations of Christianity , is someone who bears witness to a child 's baptism and then aids in their catechesis , as well as their lifelong spiritual formation . The term has also been used in a legal sense . In both religious and civil views , a godparent tends to be an individual chosen by the parents to take an interest in the child 's upbringing and personal development , and to take care of the child should anything happen to the parents . A male godparent is a godfather , and a female godparent is a godmother . The child is a godchild ( i.e. godson for boys and goddaughter for girls ) .
Cakewalk
Most cakewalk music is notated in 2 / 4 time signature with two alternate heavy beats per bar , giving it an ooompah rhythm . The music was adopted into the works of various composers , including Robert Russell Bennett , John Philip Sousa , Claude Debussy and Louis Moreau Gottschalk . Debussy wrote `` Golliwogg 's Cake - walk '' as the final movement of his Children 's Corner suite for piano ( published 1908 ) , and The Little Nigar , subtitled A Cakewalk , for a piano method in 1909 . The Cake Walk was an adapted and amended two - step , which had been spawned by the popularity of marches , most notably by John Philip Sousa . The
Child labour
With such a high percentage of children working , the rising of illiteracy , and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families . Due to this problematic trend , many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not to send their children to work . Other factors that lead to the decline of child labour included financial changes in the economy , changes in the development of technology , raised wages , and continuous regulations on factory legislation .
Speed of light
After centuries of increasingly precise measurements , in 1975 the speed of light was known to be 299 792 458 m / s ( 983 571 056 ft / s ; 186 282.397 mi / s ) with a measurement uncertainty of 4 parts per billion . In 1983 , the metre was redefined in the International System of Units ( SI ) as the distance travelled by light in vacuum in 1 / 7008299792458000000 ♠ 299 792 458 of a second .
Robert K. Merton
Robert King Merton ( born Meyer Robert Schkolnick ; 5 July 1910 -- 23 February 2003 ) was an American sociologist . He spent most of his career teaching at Columbia University , where he attained the rank of University Professor . In 1994 he was awarded the National Medal of Science for his contributions to the field and for having founded the sociology of science . He is considered a founding father of modern sociology while also gaining a status for the work he contributed to criminology .
The Passion of the Christ
The film primarily covers the final twelve hours of Jesus ' life , beginning with the Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane , the insomnia and grievance of the Blessed Virgin Mary , the brutal scourge and crucifixion , ending with a brief depiction of his resurrection .
Hundred Years' War
The question of female succession to the French throne was raised after the death of Louis X in 1316 . Louis X left only a daughter , and his posthumous son John I lived only a few days . Philip , Count of Poitiers , brother of Louis X , asserted that women were ineligible to succeed to the French throne . Through his political sagacity he won over his adversaries and succeeded to the French throne as Philip V. By the same law that he procured , his daughters were denied the succession , which passed to his younger brother , Charles IV , in 1322 .
Radioactive decay
An unexpected series of experimental results for the rate of decay of heavy highly charged radioactive ions circulating in a storage ring has provoked theoretical activity in an effort to find a convincing explanation . The rates of weak decay of two radioactive species with half lives of about 40 s and 200 s are found to have a significant oscillatory modulation , with a period of about 7 s . The observed phenomenon is known as the GSI anomaly , as the storage ring is a facility at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt , Germany . As the decay process produces an electron neutrino , some of the proposed explanations for the observed rate oscillation invoke neutrino properties . Initial ideas related to flavour oscillation met with skepticism . A more recent proposal involves mass differences between neutrino mass eigenstates .
Savannah, Georgia
Club One -- home of The Lady Chablis and made famous in the book and movie Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil . Coastal Georgia Botanical Gardens -- a developing botanical garden located at Bamboo Farm , a former USDA plant - introduction station south of Savannah that began operations in 1919 . Oatland Island Wildlife Center -- located east of Savannah , a facility owned and operated by the Savannah - Chatham County Board of Education and featuring wildlife from surrounding coastal Georgia and South Carolina . Ossabaw Island -- an environmentally protected and commercially undeveloped barrier island south of Savannah . Pinkie Masters Bar -- a popular Savannah watering hole and the site of presidential visits and political campaigns . Pinkie Masters was a local political figure and a friend of President Jimmy Carter , who made several visits to the bar and the city . Pirates ' House -- historic restaurant and tavern located in downtown Savannah . Skidaway Island -- an affluent suburban community south of Savannah that hosts Skidaway Island State Park , the University of Georgia Aquarium and the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography . Tybee Island -- popular Atlantic resort town 17 mi ( 27 km ) east of Savannah , with public beaches , a lighthouse , and other attractions .
Trafficking of children
In general , child trafficking takes place in three stages : recruitment , movement , and exploitation . Recruitment occurs when a child is approached by a recruiter , or in some cases , directly approaches a recruiter themselves . Recruitment is initiated in many different ways : adolescents may be under pressure to contribute to their families , children may be kidnapped or abducted into trafficking , or families may be trafficked together . Then , movement will occur - locally , regionally , and / or internationally - through a variety of transportation types , including by car , train , boat , or foot . Ultimately , the final goal of child trafficking is exploitation , whereby traffickers use the services of children to garner illegal profit . Exploitation can take place in a variety of forms , including forced labor , sexual exploitation , and child begging , among other practices .
Child care
The service is known as day care or childcare in the United Kingdom , North America , and Australia and as crèche in Ireland and New Zealand . According to Oxford Living Dictionaries , child care in two words can in addition have the broader meaning of the care of a child by anyone , including the parents , but US dictionaries do not record that spelling or meaning . In English - speaking and other conservative countries , the vast majority of childcare is still performed by the parents , in - house nannies or through informal arrangements with relatives , neighbors or friends , but most children are in daycare centers for most of the day in Nordic Countries , for example . Child care in the child 's own home is traditionally provided by a nanny or au pair , or by extended family members including grandparents , aunts and uncles . Child care is provided in nurseries or crèches or by a nanny or family child care provider caring for children in their own homes . It can also take on a more formal structure , with education , child development , discipline and even preschool education falling into the fold of services .
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
He gets Esmeralda to falsely confess to killing Phoebus . He then has her imprisoned . Jacques Coppenole is a man who appears in the beginning of the novel as one of the Flemish guests at the Feast of Fools . He convinces the Parisians to select the Pope of Fools . Pierrat Torterue is the torturer at the Châtelet . He tortures Esmeralda after her interrogation to the point in where he hurts her so badly she falsely confesses , sealing her own fate . He was also the official who administered the savage flogging administered to Quasimodo by Barbedienne . The unnamed presiding magistrate is the one who sentences Esmeralda to be hanged in the gallows . Robin Poussepain is Jehan Frollo 's companion who appears with him during the Feast of Fools and Quasimodo 's flogging in the public square . Olivier le Mauvais ( literally `` Olivier the Evil '' ) is King Louis XI 's close advisor . La Falourdel is the innkeeper of the hotel where Phoebus and Esmeralda meet . Marc Cenaine is a magician Jacques Charmolue and Claude Frollo torture for practicing witchcraft while they try to pry alchemy secrets from him . Bérangère de Champchevrier is Fleur - de-Lys ' friend . Jacques Coictier is King Louis XI 's physician . Robert d'Estouteville is the chamberlain to King Louis XI . He is in a bad temper the day Quasimodo is pilloried , and he does not realize Quasimodo and the judge on duty are both deaf . Colombe is Fleur - de-Lys ' friend .
United States one-dollar bill
A better known test was done in 1942 during World War II to test alternative types of paper . This was a precautionary measure in case the current type of paper supply could not be maintained . Series 1935A notes made of the special paper and were printed with a red `` S '' to the right of the treasury seal , while notes of the control group were printed with a red R. Because they have some collector value , fake red S 's and R 's have been applied to regular Series 1935A notes to try to pass them at a higher value ; checking a note 's serial numbers can prevent this . Serial numbers of the R group range from S70884001C to S72068000C and serial numbers of the S group range from S73884001C to S75068000C .
Trafficking of children
Articles 19 and 32 - 36 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child prohibits the exploitation of children in any form and in any context . Any child who is exposed to violence , exploitation or abuse can be considered a victim of crime and enjoys the correlated rights and entitlements , including access to assistance , protection and support , services for recovery and rehabilitation , access to justice , with due procedural safeguards in any related legal or administrative proceedings . Children at risk of exploitation have to be identified and recognised as being at risk . This implies that they have a right to assistance and support in order to prevent their exploitation or any other harm resulting from the risks . Considering the difficulties of identifying children who have been trafficked and the broad protection against all forms and contexts of exploitation afforded under the Convention , a child rights - based approach prioritises the identification of child victims of exploitation or other crime and children at risk . Whether or not exploitation takes place in a context of trafficking is of subordinate relevance for the child rights and protection context . It may interest primarily the law enforcement investigations and the prosecution .
Sawing a woman in half
There remains a debate about the origin of sawing illusions , with some sources saying a magician named Torrini may have performed the first version in front of Pope Pius VII in 1809 . However it is more likely that the story is a fiction which has its roots in the writings of the famous French magician Jean Robert - Houdin . In his Memoirs , written in 1858 , Robert - Houdin described a sawing illusion performed by a magician named Torrini .
Robert Bond
Bond received several honours during his premiership . On 24 October 1901 Bond was invested as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) during the visit to St John 's of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York ( later King George V and Queen Mary ) . During his 1902 visit to London he was sworn a member of the Imperial Privy Council on 11 August 1902 , following an announcement of the King ′ s intention to make this appointment in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published in June that year . He was given the freedom of the city of Edinburgh during a visit to the city on 26 July 1902 , and of the City of London , Manchester , and Bristol in 1907 . When he visited Edinburgh in July 1902 ha was also awarded an honorary LL. D. by the University of Edinburgh .
Vehicle registration plates of France
The very first attempt to register vehicles in France date from the 18th century . In 1749 , a Marechaussee officer from Paris suggested a system of vehicle identification to Louis XV . His idea only concerned Paris , where crimes were numerous in the streets . No decision was taken until 1783 , when Louis XVI required coachmen to put a metal plate with their name and address on their carriage .