vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Air Jordan
The Air Jordan X was originally released from 1994 to 1995 . It was retro - ed in 2005 , 2008 and 2012 -- 2016 .
Avocado
A ripe avocado yields to gentle pressure when held in the palm of the hand and squeezed . The flesh is prone to enzymatic browning , quickly turning brown after exposure to air . To prevent this , lime or lemon juice can be added to avocados after peeling . Indonesian
Incandescent light bulb
Incandescent light bulbs consist of an air - tight glass enclosure ( the envelope , or bulb ) with a filament of tungsten wire inside the bulb , through which an electric current is passed . Contact wires and a base with two ( or more ) conductors provide electrical connections to the filament . Incandescent light bulbs usually contain a stem or glass mount anchored to the bulb 's base that allows the electrical contacts to run through the envelope without air or gas leaks . Small wires embedded in the stem in turn support the filament and its lead wires .
Air pollution in the United States
Environmental racism can be defined as any practice of environmental injustice that disproportionately affects minority neighborhoods and communities . Not only is the California population incredibly racially diverse , but because California is the primary air polluter and consequently spends extra time , money and resources to develop technologies that ensure air pollution does n't become detrimental to the environment , its climate policy is one of the most technologically important in the developed world . As of March 2017 , the Trump Administration is expected to withdraw the federal waiver that gives the Environmental Protection Agency and California the power to efficiently monitor and regulate greenhouse - gas pollution from car tailpipes . Environmental agents and environmental rights activists foreshadow that this action will certainly spell trouble for California 's important climate policy ; as well as further worsen the disproportionate spread of negative environmental health problems to neighborhoods of color throughout counties in California statewide . The
Warm front
A warm front is also defined as the transition zone where a warmer air mass is replacing a cooler air mass . Warm fronts generally move from southwest to northeast . If the warmer air originates over the ocean , it is not only warmer but also more moist than the air ahead of it .
Mitsubishi GTO
Second generation models are identified by a revised front bumper to accommodate projector beam headlights and small , round projector fog lights . The caps on the hood were replaced with integrated blisters , and the side air vents and rear bumpers were modified . The interior was redesigned with dual air bags , a new audio system , and revised air conditioning refrigerant . The engines in the twin - turbo models received a slight boost in horsepower to 320 hp and a boost in torque from 307 lb ⋅ ft ( 416 N ⋅ m ) to 315 lb ⋅ ft ( 427 N ⋅ m ) .
Air pollution in the United States
Although Los Angeles air pollution level had declined slightly for the last few decades , citizens in Los Angeles still suffer from high level air pollution and current levels are back to where they were 10 years ago .
Office of Inspector General (United States)
The Air Force Inspector General Complaints Program was established to address the concerns of Air Force active duty , reserve , and Guard members , civilian employees , family members , and retirees , as well as the interest of the Air Force . One of the first responsibilities of the Air Force inspector general is to operate a credible complaints program that investigates personnel complaints : Fraud , Waste , and Abuse ( FWA ) allegations ; congressional inquiries ; and issues involving the Air Force mission . Personnel complaints and FWA disclosures to the IG help commanders correct problems that affect the productivity , mission accomplishment , and morale of assigned personnel , which are areas of high concern to Air Force leaders at all levels .
Channel Tunnel
The three tunnels contain 6,000 tonnes ( 6,600 tons ) of air that needs to be conditioned for comfort and safety . Air is supplied from ventilation buildings at Shakespeare Cliff and Sangatte , with each building capable of providing 100 % standby capacity . Supplementary ventilation also exists on either side of the tunnel . In the event of a fire , ventilation is used to keep smoke out of the service tunnel and move smoke in one direction in the main tunnel to give passengers clean air . The tunnel was the first main - line railway tunnel to have special cooling equipment . Heat is generated from traction equipment and drag . The design limit was set at 30 ° C ( 86 ° F ) , using a mechanical cooling system with refrigeration plants on both sides that run chilled water circulating in pipes within the tunnel .
Air Jordan
The Air Jordan XX was also inspired by bicycling shoes . The strap was placed in the center of the shoe over the laces . It also helped to create a tighter fit and increased support .
Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor
In a letter dated January 7 , 1941 , Yamamoto finally delivered a rough outline of his plan to Koshiro Oikawa , then Navy Minister , from whom he also requested to be made Commander in Chief of the air fleet to attack Pearl Harbor . A few weeks later , in yet another letter , Yamamoto requested Admiral Takijiro Onishi , chief of staff of the Eleventh Air Fleet , study the technical feasibility of an attack against the American base . Onishi gathered as many facts as possible about Pearl Harbor .
Coordinated Universal Time
UTC is also the time standard used in aviation , e.g. , for flight plans and air traffic control clearances . Weather forecasts and maps all use UTC to avoid confusion about time zones and daylight saving time . The International Space Station also uses UTC as a time standard .
Respiratory system
Plant respiration is limited by the process of diffusion . Plants take in carbon dioxide through holes , known as stomata , that can open and close on the undersides of their leaves and sometimes other parts of their anatomy . Most plants require some oxygen for catabolic processes ( break - down reactions that release energy ) . But the quantity of O used per hour is small as they are not involved in activities that require high rates of aerobic metabolism . Their requirement for air , however , is very high as they need CO for photosynthesis , which constitutes only 0.04 % of the environmental air . Thus , to make 1 g of glucose requires the removal of all the CO from at least 18.7 liters of air at sea level . But inefficiencies in the photosynthetic process cause considerably greater volumes of air to be used .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
Hovercraft are used by the capitol to transport Peacekeepers , and secure district borders . They are implied to be extremely fast and silent , as well as several seemingly having active camouflage ( literally appearing out of thin air ) . In Mockingjay it is revealed that district 13 had an entire fleet of hovercraft , but had never used them due to the fear that the Capitol would retaliate with even more firepower . Hovercraft are also used in The Hunger Games to transport the tributes to the arena .
Coffee
Next , the coffee is sorted , and labeled as green coffee . Another way to let the coffee seeds dry is to let them sit on a concrete patio and rake over them in the sunlight . Some companies use cylinders to pump in heated air to dry the coffee seeds , though this is generally in places where the humidity is very high .
Air Jordan
The Air Jordan XIII was originally released from 1997 to 1998 . It was retro - ed in 2004 , 2005 , 2008 , 2010 -- 2017 .
Israel
On 11 March 1978 , a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road massacre . Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River . Most PLO fighters withdrew , but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over . The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel . In the next few years , the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border . Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground . Israel
Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake
According to Reporters Sans Frontières ( RSF ) , most of the radio stations in the earthquake struck region went off the air after the earthquake and only 20 out of 50 stations in Port - au - Prince were back on air a week after the earthquake . The stations that were completely destroyed include Radio TV Ginen , Radio Soleil , Radio Ibo and Tropic FM . RSF also reported that 12 radio stations in the southwestern town of Petit - Goâve and five of Léogâne 's nine stations were badly damaged . The Committee to Protect Journalists reported that several other stations , including Melodie FM , Radio Caraïbes , Signal FM , and Radio Métropole , continued to operate . The UN mission 's station , Radio Minustah , was disabled by the quake , but returned to the air on 18 January . The Agence France - Presse office was in ruins , but within days of the earthquake the agency resumed operations from new premises . The offices of the capital 's two leading newspapers , Le Nouvelliste and Le Matin , were not severely damaged , but for more than a week after the earthquake they were unable to print .
Air Jordan
Nike owns none of the factories where Air Jordans are produced and contracts the work to various factory owners . Company officials say that they only advertise and market the shoes . However , Nike dictates production terms and standards to the contractor , often without questioning labor or safety practices . In April 1997 , 10,000 Indonesian workers went on strike over wage violations at an Air Jordan factory . The same month in Vietnam 1,300 workers went on strike demanding a 1 - cent - per - hour raise , and a year later in 1998 , 3,000 workers in China went on strike to protest hazardous working conditions and low wages cause .
Hot air balloon
The top of the balloon usually has a vent of some sort , enabling the pilot to release hot air to slow an ascent , start a descent , or increase the rate of descent , usually for landing . Some hot air balloons have turning vents , which are side vents that , when opened , cause the balloon to rotate . Such vents are particularly useful for balloons with rectangular baskets , to facilitate aligning the wider side of the basket for landing .
The Stanley Hotel
In 1903 , the Yankee steam - powered car inventor Freelan Oscar Stanley ( 1849 - 1940 ) was stricken with a life - threatening resurgence of tuberculosis . The most highly recommended treatment of the day was fresh , dry air with lots of sunlight and a hearty diet . Therefore , like many `` lungers '' of his day , Stanley resolved to take the curative air of Rocky Mountain Colorado . He and Flora arrived in Denver in March and , in June , decided to spend the rest of the summer in the mountains , in Estes Park . Over the course of the season , Stanley 's health improved dramatically . Impressed by the beauty of the valley and grateful for his recovery , he decided to return every year . He lived to the ripe age of 91 , dying of a heart attack in Newton , Massachusetts , one year after his wife , in 1940 .
Respiratory system
During inhalation air enters the trachea via the nostrils and mouth , and continues to just beyond the syrinx at which point the trachea branches into two primary bronchi , going to the two lungs ( Fig. 16 ) . The primary bronchi enter the lungs to become the intrapulmonary bronchi , which give off a set of parallel branches called ventrobronchi and , a little further on , an equivalent set of dorsobronchi ( Fig. 16 ) . The ends of the intrapulmonary bronchi discharge air into the posterior air sacs at the caudal end of the bird . Each pair of dorso - ventrobronchi is connected by a large number of parallel microscopic air capillaries ( or parabronchi ) where gas exchange occurs ( Fig. 16 ) . As the bird inhales , tracheal air flows through the intrapulmonary bronchi into the posterior air sacs , as well as into the dorsobronchi , but not into the ventrobronchi ( Fig. 18 ) . This is due to the bronchial architecture which directs the inhaled air away from the openings of the ventrobronchi , into the continuation of the intrapulmonary bronchus towards the dorsobronchi and posterior air sacs . From the dorsobronchi the inhaled air flows through the parabronchi ( and therefore the gas exchanger ) to the ventrobronchi from where the air can only escape into the expanding anterior air sacs . So , during inhalation , both the posterior and anterior air sacs expand , the posterior air sacs filling with fresh inhaled air , while the anterior air sacs fill with `` spent '' ( oxygen - poor ) air that has just passed through the lungs .
Air pollution in the United States
The result indicated that color community bear greater air pollution including NO2 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and heat stress compared to predominantly white and more affluent community . In San Diego County , the relative heat stress inequality was founded to be the highest . Also , significant heat stress inequality was observed in Los Angeles . The result shows that in these two counties , there was a strong positive correlation between the percentage of Non-Whites in the community and heat stress inequality . However , in Alameda county , the result indicated an opposite pattern which indicates . The community with a higher White population experience more extreme temperature exceedances . This might be explained by the fact that White population and the more affluent class in Alameda County mainly lived in the eastern area further away from the coast , which resulted in the higher heat stress exposure .
Hungary in World War I
These newly created or greatly enlarged states formed the Little entente after the war encircling Hungary in order to make border reestablishment impossible . The Hungarian Army was reduced to a mere 30.000 troops , Hungary was forbidden to have air force , tanks and any more sophisticated weapons . The borders were set in such a way that all natural defense lines were crossed making the remaining territory totally vulnerable and difficult to defend .
Mass versus weight
Again , unlike the effect that low - gravity environments have on weight , buoyancy does not make a portion of an object 's weight vanish ; the missing weight is instead being borne by the ground , which leaves less force ( weight ) being applied to any scale theoretically placed underneath the object in question ( though one may perhaps have some trouble with the practical aspects of accurately weighing something individually in that condition ) . If one were however to weigh a small wading pool that someone then entered and began floating in , they would find that the full weight of the person was being borne by the pool and , ultimately , the scale underneath the pool . Whereas a buoyant object ( on a properly working scale for weighing buoyant objects ) would weigh less , the object / fluid system becomes heavier by the value of object 's full mass once the object is added . Since air is a fluid , this principle applies to object / air systems as well ; large volumes of air -- and ultimately the ground -- supports the weight a body loses through mid-air buoyancy .
Air New Zealand
In 1978 , the domestic airline National Airways Corporation ( NAC ) and its subsidiary Safe Air were merged into Air New Zealand to form a single national airline , further expanding the carrier 's operations . As a result , NAC 's Boeing 737 and Fokker F27 aircraft joined Air New Zealand 's fleet alongside its DC - 8 and DC - 10 airliners . The merger also resulted in the airline having two IATA airline designators : TE from Air New Zealand and NZ from NAC . TE continued to be used for international flights and NZ for domestic flights until 1990 , when international flights assumed the NZ code .
Global Positioning System
In 1996 , recognizing the importance of GPS to civilian users as well as military users , U.S. President Bill Clinton issued a policy directive declaring GPS a dual - use system and establishing an Interagency GPS Executive Board to manage it as a national asset . In 1998 , United States Vice President Al Gore announced plans to upgrade GPS with two new civilian signals for enhanced user accuracy and reliability , particularly with respect to aviation safety and in 2000 the United States Congress authorized the effort , referring to it as GPS III . On May 2 , 2000 `` Selective Availability '' was discontinued as a result of the 1996 executive order , allowing civilian users to receive a non-degraded signal globally . In 2004 , the United States Government signed an agreement with the European Community establishing cooperation related to GPS and Europe 's Galileo system . In 2004 , United States President George W. Bush updated the national policy and replaced the executive board with the National Executive Committee for Space - Based Positioning , Navigation , and Timing . November 2004 , Qualcomm announced successful tests of assisted GPS for mobile phones . In 2005 , the first modernized GPS satellite was launched and began transmitting a second civilian signal ( L2C ) for enhanced user performance . On September 14 , 2007 , the aging mainframe - based Ground Segment Control System was transferred to the new Architecture Evolution Plan . On May 19 , 2009 , the United States Government Accountability Office issued a report warning that some GPS satellites could fail as soon as 2010 . On May 21 , 2009 , the Air Force Space Command allayed fears of GPS failure , saying `` There 's only a small risk we will not continue to exceed our performance standard . '' On January 11 , 2010 , an update of ground control systems caused a software incompatibility with 8,000 to 10,000 military receivers manufactured by a division of Trimble Navigation Limited of Sunnyvale , Calif . On February 25 , 2010 , the U.S. Air Force awarded the contract to develop the GPS Next Generation Operational Control System ( OCX ) to improve accuracy and availability of GPS navigation signals , and serve as a critical part of GPS modernization .
Rub' al Khali
In June 1950 , a US Air Force expedition crossed the Rub ' al Khali from Dhahran , Saudi Arabia , to central Yemen and back in trucks to collect specimens for the Smithsonian Institution and to test desert survival procedures .
Hot air balloon
The 1785 Rozière balloon , a type of hybrid balloon , named after its creator , Jean - François Pilâtre de Rozier , has a separate cell for a lighter than air gas ( typically helium , ) as well as a cone below for hot air ( as is used in a hot air balloon ) to heat the helium at night . Hydrogen gas was used in the very early stages of development but was quickly abandoned due to the obvious danger of introducing an open flame near the gas . All modern Roziere balloons now use helium as a lifting gas . Solar
Mains electricity
Various earthing systems are used to ensure that the ground and neutral wires have zero voltage with respect to earth , to prevent shocks when touching grounded electrical equipment . In some installations , there may be two line conductors which carry alternating currents in a single - phase three - wire . Small portable electrical equipment is connected to the power supply through flexible cables ( these exist with either two or three insulated conductors ) terminated in a plug , which is inserted into a fixed receptacle ( socket ) . Larger household electrical equipment and industrial equipment may be permanently wired to the fixed wiring of the building . For example , in North American homes a window - mounted self - contained air conditioner unit would be connected to a wall plug , whereas the central air conditioning for a whole home would be permanently wired . Larger plug and socket combinations are used for industrial equipment carrying larger currents , higher voltages , or three phase electric power . These are often constructed with tougher plastics and possess inherent weather - resistant properties needed in some applications .
Desiccant
One example of desiccant usage is in the manufacture of insulated windows where zeolite spheroids fill a rectangular spacer tube at the perimeter of the panes of glass . The desiccant helps to prevent the condensation of moisture between the panes . Another use of zeolites is in the dryer component of air conditioning systems to help maintain the efficacy of the refrigerant . Desiccants are also commonly used to protect goods in shipping containers against moisture damage . Hygroscopic cargo , such as cocoa , coffee , and various nuts and grains , are particularly susceptible to mold and rot when exposed to condensation and humidity . Because of this , shippers often take precautionary measures to protect against cargo loss .
Military history of the United States during World War II
The goal of island hopping was to build forward air fields . AAF commander General Hap Arnold correctly anticipated that he would have to build forward airfields in inhospitable places . Working closely with the Army Corps of Engineers , he created Aviation Engineer Battalions that by 1945 included 118,000 men ; it operated in all theatres . Runways , hangars , radar stations , power generators , barracks , gasoline storage tanks and ordnance dumps had to be built hurriedly on tiny coral islands , mud flats , featureless deserts , dense jungles , or exposed locations still under enemy artillery fire . The heavy construction gear had to be imported , along with the engineers , blueprints , steel - mesh landing mats , prefabricated hangars , aviation fuel , bombs and ammunition , and all necessary supplies . As soon as one project was finished the battalion would load up its gear and move forward to the next challenge , while headquarters inked in a new airfield on the maps . Heavy rains often reduced the capacity of old airfields , so new ones were built . Often engineers had to repair and use a captured enemy airfield . Unlike the well - built German air fields in Europe , the Japanese installations were ramshackle affairs with poor siting , poor drainage , scant protection , and narrow , bumpy runways . Engineering was a low priority for the offense - minded Japanese , who chronically lacked adequate equipment and imagination . Combat
Siege
During the Vietnam War , the battles of Dien Bien Phu ( 1954 ) and Khe Sanh ( 1968 ) possessed siege - like characteristics . In both cases , the Viet Minh and NLF were able to cut off the opposing army by capturing the surrounding rugged terrain . At Dien Bien Phu , the French were unable to use air power to overcome the siege and were defeated . However , at Khe Sanh , a mere 14 years later , advances in air power -- and a reduction in Vietnamese anti-aircraft capability -- allowed the United States to withstand the siege . The resistance of US forces was assisted by the PAVN and PLAF forces ' decision to use the Khe Sanh siege as a strategic distraction to allow their mobile warfare offensive , the first Tet Offensive , to unfold securely .
List of smoking bans in the United States
Chicago has had its own Clean Indoor Air Ordinance since 1988 . The Chicago Clean Indoor Air Act was updated to mention e-cigarettes in 2014 , making it the first major U.S. city to legislate e-cigarette use . The Chicago Park District 's Board of Commissioners has discussed banning all forms of smoking in Chicago parks , beaches , play lots and other facilities , but there is not yet a municipal ordinance .
Grand Canyon
Prescribed fires are typically conducted in the spring and fall in the forests adjacent to the canyon to reduce the potential for severe forest fires and resulting smoke conditions . Although prescribed fires also affect air quality , the controlled conditions allow the use of management techniques to minimize their impact .