vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Gray code
A similar method can be used to perform the reverse translation , but the computation of each bit depends on the computed value of the next higher bit so it can not be performed in parallel . Assuming g i ( \ displaystyle g_ ( i ) ) is the i ( \ displaystyle i ) th Gray - coded bit ( g 0 ( \ displaystyle g_ ( 0 ) ) being the most significant bit ) , and b i ( \ displaystyle b_ ( i ) ) is the i ( \ displaystyle i ) th binary - coded bit ( b 0 ( \ displaystyle b_ ( 0 ) ) being the most - significant bit ) , the reverse translation can be given recursively : b 0 = g 0 ( \ displaystyle b_ ( 0 ) = g_ ( 0 ) ) , and b i = g i ⊕ b i − 1 ( \ displaystyle b_ ( i ) = g_ ( i ) \ oplus b_ ( i - 1 ) ) . Alternatively , decoding a Gray code into a binary number can be described as a prefix sum of the bits in the Gray code , where each individual summation operation in the prefix sum is performed modulo two .
Australia–Canada relations
The success enjoyed by Hughes and Borden in demonstrating that British and dominion interests could be accommodated within a single imperial foreign policy , provided a temporary basis for continued Australian - Canadian cooperation . From the start , however , the postwar relationship was tense . Hughes approached the Paris peace talks determined to enhance Australian security by annexing the former German New Guinea . Borden was preoccupied with maintaining , as the one positive result of the war , continued Anglo - American cooperation . A breach in the Canadian - Australian relationship over the fate of Germany 's Pacific colonies was only narrowly averted when officials devised a compromise that satisfied both Hughes ' desire to annex New Guinea and Borden 's wish not to alienate an American president who was committed to the principle of self - determination .
I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
The original version of `` I Can Only Imagine '' was a track on MercyMe 's 1999 independent release The Worship Project . In August 2006 , both an acoustic and live form ( as well as the original 1999 version ) were included in the ' Platinum edition ' of Almost There . MercyMe recorded a version of the song for their iTunes Originals album . In 2009 , two further variants were included on their compilation album 10 ; a ' symphony version ' featuring the London Symphony Orchestra , and a live version .
I Have a Dream
King also is said to have used portions of Prathia Hall 's speech at the site of a burned - down African American church in Terrell County , Georgia , in September 1962 , in which she used the repeated phrase `` I have a dream '' . The church burned down after it was used for voter registration meetings .
Input/output
An I / O interface is required whenever the I / O device is driven by a processor . Typically a CPU communicates with devices via a bus . The interface must have necessary logic to interpret the device address generated by the processor . Handshaking should be implemented by the interface using appropriate commands ( like BUSY , READY , and WAIT ) , and the processor can communicate with an I / O device through the interface . If different data formats are being exchanged , the interface must be able to convert serial data to parallel form and vice versa . Because it would be a waste for a processor to be idle while it waits for data from an input device there must be provision for generating interrupts and the corresponding type numbers for further processing by the processor if required .
Tears in Heaven
In an interview with Daphne Barak , Clapton stated , `` I almost subconsciously used music for myself as a healing agent , and lo and behold , it worked ... I have got a great deal of happiness and a great deal of healing from music '' .
I Am the Walrus
`` John growls the nonsense ( and sometimes suggestive ) lyric , backed by a complex scoring incorporating violins and cellos . You need to hear it a few times before you can absorb it '' -- Derek Johnson . `` Into the world of Alice in Wonderland now and you can almost visualise John crouching on a deserted shore singing ' I am the walrus ' to some beautiful strings from far away on the horizon and a whole bagful of Beatle sounds , like a ringing doorbell and someone sawing a plank of wood . A fantastic track which you will need to live with for a while to fully appreciate '' -- Nick Logan . In the 21st century , professional Beatleologist Scott Freiman called the song `` the Beatles ' last psychedelic masterpiece '' .
Neurotransmitter
Type I ( excitatory ) synapses are typically located on the shafts or the spines of dendrites , whereas type II ( inhibitory ) synapses are typically located on a cell body . In addition , Type I synapses have round synaptic vesicles , whereas the vesicles of type II synapses are flattened . The material on the presynaptic and post-synaptic membranes is denser in a Type I synapse than it is in a type II , and the type I synaptic cleft is wider . Finally , the active zone on a Type I synapse is larger than that on a Type II synapse .
List of Madagascar (franchise) characters
Randy ( voiced by Will Friedle ) is a sheep who lives at the Children 's Zoo at the Central Park Zoo . Children are constantly coming to pet him . Many of them have sticky hands due to eating too much candy .
Leopard
There is something very terrifying in the angry grunt of a charging leopard , and I have seen a line of elephants that were staunch to a tiger , turn and stampede from a charging leopard . --
Neuroscience of multilingualism
Functional neuroimaging methods such as PET and fMRI are used to study the complex neural mechanisms of the human language systems . Functional neuroimaging is used to determine the most important principles of cerebral language organization in bilingual persons . Based on the evidence we can conclude that the bilingual brain is not the addition of two monolingual language systems , but operates as a complex neural network that can differ across individuals .
Spanish–American War
The war greatly reduced the Spanish Empire . Spain had been declining as an imperial power since the early 19th century as a result of Napoleon 's invasion . The loss of Cuba caused a national trauma because of the affinity of peninsular Spaniards with Cuba , which was seen as another province of Spain rather than as a colony . Spain retained only a handful of overseas holdings : Spanish West Africa ( Spanish Sahara ) , Spanish Guinea , Spanish Morocco , and the Canary Islands .
Owen Hunt
The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) characterized Hunt as `` confident '' , `` innovative '' , `` intelligent '' , while he also can be `` aggressive '' , `` brazen '' , `` presumptuous '' , `` hasty and rash '' . McKidd said of his character : `` ( ... ) He 's not an easy character to connect to , I think . There 's some darkness to him and there 's some danger to him that I think is really interesting and exciting to play . ( ... ) '' Additionally , McKidd describes Hunt as `` very instinctive , and follows his gut , and he 's very impulsive , and very immediate . He immediately assesses a situation . And he 's very honest , sometimes painfully honest , with himself and with others . He wants to make himself better . He wants to improve himself as a person . He 's a decent guy , a sort of a guy I 'd like to go out and have a beer with . '' Hunt 's unorthodox teaching methods have been the subject of controversy . McKidd said of this :
I Have a Dream
In 1992 , the band Moodswings , incorporated excerpts from Martin Luther King , Jr. 's `` I Have a Dream '' speech in their song `` Spiritual High , Part III . on the album Moodfood '' .
Kirk Gibson's 1988 World Series home run
... then you would run for Gibson and have Sax batting . But , we have a big 3 -- 2 pitch coming here from Eckersley . Gibson swings , and a fly ball to deep right field ! This is gon na be a home run ! ! ! Unbelievable ! A home run for Gibson ! And the Dodgers have won the game , five to four ; I do n't believe what I just saw ! ! !
List of To Kill a Mockingbird characters
When Boo finally does come out , he has a good reason : Bob Ewell is trying to murder the Finch children . No one sees what happens in the scuffle , but at the end of it , Ewell is dead and Boo carries an unconscious Jem to the Finch house . Finally faced with Boo , Scout does n't recognize him at first , but suddenly realizes who he is . Boo Radley is played by Robert Duvall in the film .
War for the Planet of the Apes
Toby Kebbell , who portrayed Koba in Dawn , had expressed interest in reprising his role or performing as other characters . Plans to include Koba in a larger role in the film were abandoned early , with Bomback saying , `` If you stayed until the very end of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes , you hear Koba 's breathing . We did that to give us a tiny crack of a possibility that we could revive Koba if we wanted to . Very early on in spitballing , we realized there was nothing more to do with Koba -- certainly nothing that would exceed what he had done in the last story . But we knew we wanted to keep him alive as an idea . In playing out the reality of what happened at the end of the last film , Caesar would be traumatized by having to kill his brother . That would have resonance , and we wanted to make sure that did n't get lost . So the answer was that we could go inside Caesar 's mind at this point and revisit Koba that way . ''
Electromagnet
The maximum uniform pull happens when one end of the plunger is at the middle of the solenoid . An approximation for the force F is
Plant development
A vascular plant begins from a single celled zygote , formed by fertilisation of an egg cell by a sperm cell . From that point , it begins to divide to form a plant embryo through the process of embryogenesis . As this happens , the resulting cells will organize so that one end becomes the first root while the other end forms the tip of the shoot . In seed plants , the embryo will develop one or more `` seed leaves '' ( cotyledons ) . By the end of embryogenesis , the young plant will have all the parts necessary to begin in its life .
Flint water crisis
On January 18 , Nontombi Naomi Tutu , daughter of Desmond Tutu , said in a speech at the University of Michigan -- Flint , `` We actually needed the people of Flint to remind the people of this country what happens when political expediency , when financial concerns , overshadow justice and humanity . ''
House of Lords
The Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod is also an officer of the House ; he takes his title from the symbol of his office , a black rod . Black Rod ( as the Gentleman Usher is normally known ) is responsible for ceremonial arrangements , is in charge of the House 's doorkeepers , and may ( upon the order of the House ) take action to end disorder or disturbance in the Chamber . Black Rod also holds the office of Serjeant - at - Arms of the House of Lords , and in this capacity attends upon the Lord Speaker . The Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod 's duties may be delegated to the Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod or to the Assistant Serjeant - at - Arms .
Social class in the United States
As with all social classes in the United States , there are no definite answers as to what is and what is not middle class . Sociologists such as Dennis Gilbert , James Henslin , William Thompson , and Joseph Hickey have brought forth class models in which the middle class is divided into two sections that combined constitute 47 % to 49 % of the population . The upper middle or professional class constitutes the upper end of the middle class which consists of highly educated , well - paid professionals with considerable work autonomy . The lower end of the middle class -- called either lower middle class or just middle class -- consists of semi-professionals , craftsmen , office staff , and sales employees who often have college degrees and are very loosely supervised .
Pretty Little Liars (season 1)
Realizing that ' A ' would n't be Alison , the girls began searching for clues . Their initial suspect was Toby Cavanaugh , who took the fall for an incident the girls refer to as ' The Jenna Thing ' . After an attack from her boyfriend , Ben , Emily bonds with Toby . Emily begins to believe Toby may not be Alison 's killer , later confessing to him that she is a lesbian . Emily then starts going out with Maya , later developing a relationship with her . Emily later confesses to her parents about Maya and her sexuality , leading to a conflict between her and her mother . Maya was later sent to juvenile detention following the discovery of marijuana in her bag by Emily 's mother . Toby is arrested for Alison 's murder , but claims that he met Alison the night she disappeared to thank her for what she did . It is revealed that Jenna , Toby 's stepsister , forced him into a sexual relationship . Emily decides to hold a memorial for Alison ; however , the memorial was later destroyed , and a picture of her at its remains made her a suspect . Emily subsequently reveals her feelings towards Alison , after Detective Wilden tries to pin Alison 's murder on her .
How to Train Your Dragon
His type of dragon enters a chrysalis stage . It is unknown what happens to them after that . Wodensfang ( in books 9 -- 12 ) is an ancient brown dragon , living from when Hiccup Horrendous Haddock I lived . He is a wise dragon , whom Hiccup the Third meets while getting the Crown . He is able to understand and speak ( happens in the 11th book ) Norse and helps Hiccup in his quest to stop the Rebellion . In the eleventh book it is revealed that he is an extremely ancient Seadragonus Giganticus Maximus . Patience , Innocence and Arrogance ( in books 10 - 12 ) is a triple - headed Deadly Shadow dragon . He can camouflage . He is an Air dragon . He was Termagant 's ( Fishlegs 's mother 's ) riding dragon , and he swore to look after Fishlegs when he was a baby and set out to sea . The two are reunited in book 10 and he officially becomes Fishlegs 's dragon . The three heads have individual personalities . Furious ( in books 8 - 12 ) is a Seadragonus Gigantus Maximus that started and is the leader of the Dragon Rebellion and continually tries to chase down Hiccup . He was the Dragon - Brother of Hiccup Horrendous Haddock II , and becomes Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III 's blood brother at the end of the final book , shortly before his death from the poisoned Stormblade sword , which Alvin 's mother thrust into him . His death is what finalizes the peace between Vikings and dragons .
Mercy rule
In some states , coaches and game officials may choose to end a game at their own discretion at any time during the second half if the continuous clock rule is in effect ; that usually happens if a lopsided margin continues to increase or if threatening weather is imminent . Sometimes the coach of the team that is losing agrees to shorten the length of a quarter in addition to the continuous clock rule . Although it is rare , some states or high school conferences have rules in which the team with a very large lead may not run a certain play for the rest of the game , such as a deep pass or outside run .
Belshazzar's feast
Daniel 5 is thus composed as a companion - piece to Daniel 4 , the tale of the madness of Nebuchadnezzar , the two giving variations on a single theme . This is spelled out in chapter 5 when Daniel draws a direct parallel between the two kings : the fate of Belshazzar illustrates what happens when a king does not repent .
Hellenistic period
Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era . The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War , with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC , or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD . `` Hellenistic '' is distinguished from `` Hellenic '' in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence , while the latter refers to Greece itself .
Returns to scale
In economics , returns to scale and economies of scale are related but different terms that describe what happens as the scale of production increases in the long run , when all input levels including physical capital usage are variable ( chosen by the firm ) . The term returns to scale arises in the context of a firm 's production function . It explains the behavior of the rate of increase in output ( production ) relative to the associated increase in the inputs ( the factors of production ) in the long run . In the long run all factors of production are variable and subject to change due to a given increase in size ( scale ) . While economies of scale show the effect of an increased output level on unit costs , returns to scale focus only on the relation between input and output quantities .
New Mexico
The state provides financial incentives for film production . The New Mexico Film Office estimated at the end of 2007 that the incentive program had brought more than 85 film projects to the state since 2003 and had added $1.2 billion to the economy .
Five Nights at Freddy's
Set some time before the events of the first game , the main character , whose name is later revealed to be Jeremy Fitzgerald , has started working as a night watch security guard at the `` new and improved '' Freddy Fazbear 's Pizza . The `` upgraded '' versions of the animatronic characters , which have special facial recognition software to protect the children from potential harm , were not programmed with a proper night mode ; when things go silent , their programming tells them that they are in the wrong room and they seek out the nearest source of noise to find people to entertain , which happens to be in the player 's office . The player must again listen to the instructions of a `` phone guy '' , and attempt to defend themselves from the animatronics using several mechanics . Like the previous game , the player must survive from midnight to 6 AM . Jeremy is apparently moved to day shift after Night 6 as the animatronics ' hostility becomes too dangerous , with the restaurant closing down shortly after .
White Rabbit
In the present , Alice and the Knave of Hearts visit the White Rabbit 's house in order to get answers about why he is working for the Red Queen . The White Rabbit tells Cyrus that Alice is doing well and asks Cyrus about what happens if something goes wrong next time .
1000 Ways to Die (season 1)
The first story begins with the opening screenshot drawn as a comic , which fades to the live action . The narrator gives an account of the story as it unfolds , describing the circumstances leading up to the death and details of the death itself . The story is interspersed with expert testimony from physicians and scientists about the science of the death ( what happens to the body , etc . ) . The story ends with another comic screenshot , over which the `` Way to Die # '' and the nickname for the death is typed over the image in black and red `` True Crimes '' / `` Sin City '' / `` comic '' font .
Retina
The above matrix is only an approximation to what really happens inside the retina . The differences are :
OSI model
An easy way to visualize the transport layer is to compare it with a post office , which deals with the dispatch and classification of mail and parcels sent . A post office inspects only the outer envelope of mail to determine its delivery . Higher layers may have the equivalent of double envelopes , such as cryptographic presentation services that can be read by the addressee only . Roughly speaking , tunneling protocols operate at the transport layer , such as carrying non-IP protocols such as IBM 's SNA or Novell 's IPX over an IP network , or end - to - end encryption with IPsec . While Generic Routing Encapsulation ( GRE ) might seem to be a network - layer protocol , if the encapsulation of the payload takes place only at endpoint , GRE becomes closer to a transport protocol that uses IP headers but contains complete frames or packets to deliver to an endpoint . L2TP carries PPP frames inside transport packet .
Ant-Man and the Wasp
The film was scheduled to be released in the United Kingdom on June 29 , 2018 , but was rescheduled in November 2017 to August 3 , 2018 , in order to avoid competition with the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Charles Gant of The Guardian and Screen International noted , `` The worry for film distributors is that audiences will be caught up in the tournament . So it 's easier to play safe and not date your film at this time , especially during the group stage , when all the qualifying nations are competing . '' Tom Butler of Yahoo ! Movies UK added that , unlike the first film , which was one of the lowest - grossing MCU films in the UK , anticipation levels for the film `` are at an all - time high following the events of Infinity War '' and `` UK audiences will probably have found out what happens in the film well before it opens in UK cinemas , and this could have a negative impact on its box office potential . '' Butler and Huw Fullerton of Radio Times both opined the delay could also be in part because of Disney also delaying the United Kingdom release of Incredibles 2 to July 13 , 2018 ( a month after its United States release ) , and not wanting to compete with itself with the two films . This in turn led fans in the country to start a Change.org petition to have Disney move the release date up several weeks , similarly to how Avengers : Infinity War 's United States release was moved up a week the previous May .
Wonder Woman
The inspiration to give Diana bracelets came from the pair of bracelets worn by Olive Byrne , creator William Moulton Marston 's research assistant and lover . `` Wonder Woman and her sister Amazons have to wear heavy bracelets to remind them of what happens to a girl when she lets a man conquer her , '' quoted Marston in a 1942 interview . `` The Amazons once surrendered to the charm of some handsom Greeks and what a mess they got themselves into . The Greeks put them in chains of the Hitler type , beat them , and made them work like horses in the fields . Aphrodite , goddess of love , finally freed these unhappy girls . But she laid down the rule ( '' Aphrodite 's Law `` ) that they must never surrender to a man for any reason . I know of no better advice to give modern women than this rule that Aphrodite gave the Amazon girls . '' Lasso
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Human Rights Watch said in 2017 that Joseph Kabila recruited former M23 fighters to put down country - wide protests over his refusal to step down from office at the end of his term . `` M23 fighters patrolled the streets of Congo 's main cities , firing on or arresting protesters or anyone else deemed to be a threat to the president , '' they said .
Snow White and the Huntsman
Evan Daugherty initially wrote the screenplay in 2003 , when he was studying at NYU . At the time reboots of fairy tales were not a popular film genre and according to Daugherty `` no one really knew what to do with it '' More problems came when the release of Terry Gilliam 's The Brothers Grimm ( 2005 ) flopped at the box office which caused potential buyers to be hesitant about the script . The script was finally greenlit after the success of Tim Burton 's Alice in Wonderland ( 2010 ) .
Gambler's fallacy
There is another way to emphasize the fallacy . As already mentioned , the fallacy is built on the notion that previous failures indicate an increased probability of success on subsequent attempts . This is , in fact , the inverse of what actually happens , even on a fair chance of a successful event , given a set number of iterations . Assume a fair 16 - sided die , where a win is defined as rolling a 1 . Assume a player is given 16 rolls to obtain at least one win ( 1 − Pr ( rolling no 1 's in 16 rolls ) ) . The low winning odds are just to make the change in probability more noticeable . The probability of having at least one win in the 16 rolls is :