vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Friction
New models are beginning to show how kinetic friction can be greater than static friction . Kinetic friction is now understood , in many cases , to be primarily caused by chemical bonding between the surfaces , rather than interlocking asperities ; however , in many other cases roughness effects are dominant , for example in rubber to road friction . Surface roughness and contact area affect kinetic friction for micro - and nano - scale objects where surface area forces dominate inertial forces .
Cheetos
Note that these are the main flavors available year round worldwide , there are many other seasonal flavors , as well as differently shaped Cheetos .
Two-party system
Political scientists such as Maurice Duverger and William H. Riker claim that there are strong correlations between voting rules and type of party system . Jeffrey D. Sachs agreed that there was a link between voting arrangements and the effective number of parties . Sachs explained how the first - past - the - post voting arrangement tended to promote a two - party system :
Leo (constellation)
Leo contains many bright stars , many of which were individually identified by the ancients . There are four stars of first or second magnitude , which render this constellation especially prominent :
Reading and Leeds Festivals line-ups
The third NJF Festival saw the first non-Jazz acts appear , notably the Rolling Stones and Long John Baldry on the Sunday afternoon .
Judge Judy
President and CEO of CBS , Leslie Moonves , stated `` Over the last few decades , there have been very few shows that have achieved the remarkable success that she has . Not only has Judy sustained that success year after year , how many shows grow in their 15th or 16th year in syndication ? She started as a fresh voice and she 's been a remarkable presence in daytime television ever since . ''
Easter Island
A retaining rear wall several feet high , usually facing the sea A front wall made of rectangular basalt slabs called paenga A fascia made of red scoria that went over the front wall ( platforms built after 1300 ) A sloping ramp in the inland part of the platform , extending outward like wings A pavement of even - sized , round water - worn stones called poro An alignment of stones before the ramp A paved plaza before the ahu . This was called marae Inside the ahu was a fill of rubble .
Kitchen cabinet
Kitchen cabinets are the built - in furniture installed in many kitchens for storage of food , cooking equipment , and often silverware and dishes for table service . Appliances such as refrigerators , dishwashers , and ovens are often integrated into kitchen cabinetry . There are many options for cabinets available at present .
Tea culture
There are two main teas that go with the tea culture . The teas are butter tea and sweet milk tea . These two teas are only found in Tibet . Other teas that the Tibetans enjoy are boiled black teas . There are many tea shops in Tibet selling these teas , which travelers often take for their main hydration source .
Waste minimisation
There are many examples of more efficient practices that can encourage waste minimization in healthcare establishments and research facilities
Indian Railways
Coloured signalling uses multi-coloured lighting , and in many places is automatically controlled . There are three modes :
French Polynesia
There are many spots to practice kitesurfing in French Polynesia . Tahiti , Moorea , Bora - Bora , Maupiti and Raivavae are the most iconic spots .
Mesoamerican ballgame
According to an important Nahua source , the Leyenda de los Soles , the Toltec king Huemac played ball against the Tlalocs , with precious stones and quetzal feathers at stake . Huemac won the game . When instead of precious stones and feathers , the rain deities offered Huemac their young maize ears and maize leaves , Huemac refused . As a consequence of this vanity , the Toltecs suffered a four - year drought . The same ball game match , with its unfortunate aftermath , signified the beginning of the end of the Toltec reign . Maya
Curling
In Darvel , East Ayrshire , the weavers relaxed by playing curling matches using the heavy stone weights from the looms ' warp beams , fitted with a detachable handle for the purpose . Many a wife would keep her husband 's brass curling stone handle on the mantelpiece , brightly polished until the next time it was needed . Central Canadian curlers often used ' irons ' rather than stones until the early 1900s ; Canada is the only country known to have done so , while others experimented with wood or ice - filled tins .
Franchising
The laws are applicable if there are transactions involving a trademark combined with payments with many obligations on the franchisor . The law comprises 42 articles and eight chapters .
Bird nest
The simplest nest construction is the scrape , which is merely a shallow depression in soil or vegetation . This nest type , which typically has a rim deep enough to keep the eggs from rolling away , is sometimes lined with bits of vegetation , small stones , shell fragments or feathers . These materials may help to camouflage the eggs or may provide some level of insulation ; they may also help to keep the eggs in place , and prevent them from sinking into muddy or sandy soil if the nest is accidentally flooded . Ostriches , most tinamous , many ducks , most shorebirds , most terns , some falcons , pheasants , quail , partridges , bustards and sandgrouse are among the species that build scrape nests .
Cultural impact of the Beatles
The Beatles maintained their most significant competition with Bob Dylan , the Rolling Stones and the Beach Boys . Dylan and the Stones were symbolic of the nascent youth revolt against institutional authority , something that was not immediately recognisable within the Beatles until after 1966 . The Beatles ' initial clean - cut personas contrasted with the Rolling Stones ' `` bad boy '' image , and so the music press forged a rivalry between the two , but as author Barry Miles says , `` ( it was ) to give themselves something to write about , ( and ) there was actually no contest between the two groups in anything other than chart positions . '' The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame states that , with regard to 1960s rock bands , the Beach Boys `` place second only to the Beatles in terms of their overall impact on the ( US ) top 40 '' and were the Beatles ' `` most serious competitors on a creative level , too '' . Following the widespread changes brought about by the Beatles ' arrival in the United States , author Mitchell K. Hall writes , `` for a time the Beach Boys provided the Beatles with their most consistent American artistic and commercial competition . '' Another group , the Byrds , were widely celebrated as the American answer to the Beatles , and while their long - term influence has proven to be comparable to the Beatles and the Beach Boys , the Byrds ' record sales failed to match those groups . Bob
Rollover (key)
Certain high - end keyboards have `` n - key rollover '' . This means that each key is scanned completely independently by the keyboard hardware , so that each keypress is correctly detected regardless of how many other keys are being pressed or held down at the time .
Education in India
While the quality of free , public education is in crisis , a majority of the urban poor have turned to private schools . In some urban cities , it is estimated as high as two - thirds of all students attend private institutions , many of which charge a modest US $2 per month . There has not been any standardised assessment of how private schools perform , but it is generally accepted that they outperform public schools .
The Miller's Tale
His Almageste and books grere and smale , His astrelabie longynge for his art , Hise augrym stones layen faire apart On shelves couched at his beddes heed ''
Procedures of the United States Congress
There are a variety of means for members to vote on bills , including systems using lights and bells and electronic voting . Most votes , including quorum votes , are done electronically , and allow members to vote yea or nay or present . They light up when the vote is in process . Members insert a voting ID card and can change their votes during the last five minutes if they choose ; in addition , paper ballots are used on some occasions ( yea indicated by the color green , nay by red . ) To conduct a voice vote the chairman asks As many as are in favor say Aye , as many as are opposed , say No . Rules permit live media coverage of voting , although prohibit use of these broadcasts for political purposes or political advertisements . House rules require a three - fifths vote to pass a ruling that contains a specified federal income tax rate increase . One member ca n't cast a vote for another member . It 's possible for citizens to learn how congresspersons voted by consulting an online database . This
Thermal comfort
These behavioral actions significantly influence energy simulation inputs , and researchers are developing behavior models to improve the accuracy of simulation results . For example , there are many window - opening models that have been developed to date , but there is no consensus over the factors that trigger window opening .
Stanley Cup
There are several misspellings and illegitimate names on the Cup . Many of them have never been corrected . Examples include :
Belshazzar's feast
There are many depictions of `` Belshazzar 's Feast '' in the arts . These include , in chronological order :
Gambler's fallacy
There are many scenarios where the gambler 's fallacy might superficially seem to apply , when it actually does not .
Origin of language
This shortage of empirical evidence has led many scholars to regard the entire topic as unsuitable for serious study . In 1866 , the Linguistic Society of Paris banned any existing or future debates on the subject , a prohibition which remained influential across much of the western world until late in the twentieth century . Today , there are various hypotheses about how , why , when , and where language might have emerged . Despite this , there is scarcely more agreement today than a hundred years ago , when Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution by natural selection provoked a rash of armchair speculation on the topic . Since the early 1990s , however , a number of linguists , archaeologists , psychologists , anthropologists , and others have attempted to address with new methods what some consider one of the hardest problems in science .
Brown Sugar (The Rolling Stones song)
When the Stones perform `` Brown Sugar '' live , Jagger often changes the lyrics from `` Just like a young girl should '' to `` Just like a young man should . '' The line `` Hear him whip the women just around midnight '' is often changed to the less offensive `` You shoulda heard him just around midnight . '' This is evident on their live albums Love You Live , Flashpoint , Live Licks , Shine a Light and Totally Stripped . This change also occurs on the version recorded at Richards 's birthday party .
Great Depression in the United States
There are multiple originating issues : what factors set off the first downturn in 1929 , what structural weaknesses and specific events turned it into a major depression , how the downturn spread from country to country , and why the economic recovery was so prolonged .
Federalist Era
Among the many contentious issues facing the First Congress during its inaugural session was the issue of how to raise revenue for the federal government . There were both domestic and foreign Revolutionary War - related debts , as well as a trade imbalance with Great Britain that was crippling American industries and draining the nation of its currency . The first effort to begin addressing these issues resulted in the Tariff of 1789 , authorizing the collection of duties on imported goods .
His Eye Is on the Sparrow
There are many arrangements of the hymn that have been produced since its original publication . These include :
Zimbabwe
There are many factors which continue to determine the nature , for the foreseeable future , of water supply and sanitation in Zimbabwe .
Mustang
The BLM has established Herd Management Areas to determine where and how many animals will be sustained as free - roaming populations . Some populations of free - roaming horses and burros remain protected under the Act , but others have disappeared from places where there were once established populations . A few hundred free - roaming horses survive in Alberta and British Columbia . The BLM considers roughly 26,000 individuals a manageable number , but the feral mustang population in February 2010 was 33,700 horses and 4,700 burros . More than half of all mustangs in North America are found in Nevada ( which features the horses on its State Quarter ) , with other significant populations in California , Oregon , Utah , Montana , and Wyoming . Another 34,000 horses are in holding facilities .
Virus
Microorganisms constitute more than 90 % of the biomass in the sea . It is estimated that viruses kill approximately 20 % of this biomass each day and that there are 10 to 15 times as many viruses in the oceans as there are bacteria and archaea . Viruses are also major agents responsible for the destruction of phytoplankton including harmful algal blooms , The number of viruses in the oceans decreases further offshore and deeper into the water , where there are fewer host organisms .
Socioeconomic status
Occupation is the most difficult factor to measure because so many exist , and there are so many competing scales . Many scales rank occupations based on the level of skill involved , from unskilled to skilled manual labor to professional , or use a combined measure using the education level needed and income involved .
Flag of Ireland
Despite its original symbolism , in Northern Ireland the tricolour , along with most other markers of either British or Irish identity , has come to be a symbol of division . The Ulster Unionist Party Government of Northern Ireland adopted the Ulster Banner ( based on the flag of Ulster ) in 1953 . Thus it is this flag and the Union Flag that are flown by unionists and loyalists , while the tricolour is flown by nationalists and republicans . In Northern Ireland , each community uses its own flags , murals and other symbols to declare its allegiance and mark its territory , often in a manner that is deliberately provocative . Kerb - stones in unionist and loyalist areas are often painted red , white and blue , while in nationalist and republican areas kerb - stones may be painted green , white and orange , although this is a much less frequent occurrence . Elements of both communities fly `` their '' flag from chimneys , tall buildings and lamp - posts on roads .
Electric car
Battery life should be considered when calculating the extended cost of ownership , as all batteries eventually wear out and must be replaced . The rate at which they expire depends on the type of battery and how they are used -- many types of batteries are damaged by depleting them beyond a certain level . Lithium - ion batteries degrade faster when stored at higher temperatures , when they are rapidly charged , and when they are fully charged . Many users set their cars to charge to 80 % for their daily charging ; which is usually enough for daily mileage , only charging them to 100 % for longer journeys .
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
The houses are more than two hundred paces in length , and very well built , being surrounded by strong walls , three times the height of a man . The roofs are covered with straw and wood , resting on the walls . The interiors are divided into eight rooms , much better built than any we had seen before . Their walls are of very well cut stones and each lodging is surrounded by its masonry wall with doorways , and has its fountain of water in an open court , conveyed from a distance by pipes , for the supply of the house . In front of the plaza , towards the open country , a stone fortress is connected with it by a staircase leading from the square to the fort . Towards the open country there is another small door , with a narrow staircase , all within the outer wall of the plaza . Above the town , on the mountain side , where the houses commence , there is another fort on a hill , the greater part of which is hewn out of the rock . This is larger than the other , and surrounded by three walls , rising spirally . --
Triangle
There are infinitely many lines that bisect the area of a triangle . Three of them are the medians , which are the only area bisectors that go through the centroid . Three other area bisectors are parallel to the triangle 's sides .
Gimme Shelter
Greil Marcus , writing for Rolling Stone magazine at the time of the `` Gimme Shelter '' 's release stated that `` ( t ) he Stones have never done anything better . '' `` Gimme Shelter '' was placed at number 38 on Rolling Stone 's list of `` The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' in 2004 . Pitchfork Media placed it at number 12 on its list of `` The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s '' . Ultimate Classic Rock put the song at number one on their Top 100 Rolling Stones songs and number three on their Top 100 Classic Rock Songs
Aihole
Gaudargudi temple stands next to the Ladkhan temple , built on the lines of Ladkhan temple but more open from all sides . According to George Michell , the temple is older than the Ladkhan temple . It too has log - shaped stones , where its timber like form is integrated to serve its structural function . The sanctum is empty but has a Gajalakshmi on its lintel . An inscription engraved on the lintel states that the temple has been dedicated to goddess Gauri ( an aspect of Parvati ) . There is evidence that the sanctum , the inside mandapa and niches on outer walls had carved statues , but these are now empty . Gaudargudi was among the earliest temples when architects included pradakshina patha ( circumambulatory path ) in a Hindu temple design .
Branches of science
These divisions and subsets include analysis of algorithms and formal semantics of programming languages . Technically , there are hundreds of divisions and subsets besides these two . Each of the multiple parts have their own individual personal leaders ( of popularity ) and there are many associations and professional social groups and publications of distinction .
Neurotransmitter
There are many different ways to classify neurotransmitters . Dividing them into amino acids , peptides , and monoamines is sufficient for some classification purposes .
Electric bicycle laws
While Federal law governs consumer product regulations for `` low speed electric bicycles '' , as with motor vehicles and bicycles , regulation of how these products are used on public streets is subject to state vehicle codes . There is significant variation from state to state , as summarized below . Comparison
Desert
Deserts are formed by weathering processes as large variations in temperature between day and night put strains on the rocks which consequently break in pieces . Although rain seldom occurs in deserts , there are occasional downpours that can result in flash floods . Rain falling on hot rocks can cause them to shatter and the resulting fragments and rubble strewn over the desert floor is further eroded by the wind . This picks up particles of sand and dust and wafts them aloft in sand or dust storms . Wind - blown sand grains striking any solid object in their path can abrade the surface . Rocks are smoothed down , and the wind sorts sand into uniform deposits . The grains end up as level sheets of sand or are piled high in billowing sand dunes . Other deserts are flat , stony plains where all the fine material has been blown away and the surface consists of a mosaic of smooth stones . These areas are known as desert pavements and little further erosion takes place . Other desert features include rock outcrops , exposed bedrock and clays once deposited by flowing water . Temporary lakes may form and salt pans may be left when waters evaporate . There may be underground sources of water in the form of springs and seepages from aquifers . Where these are found , oases can occur .
Cousin marriage
In Ku - feng hsien , in the district of Ch'u chou ( Kiangsu ) Is a village called Chu Ch'en ( the names of the two clans ) . There are only two clans there Which have intermarried for many generations .
Internet privacy
HTML5 is the latest version of Hypertext Markup Language specification . HTML defines how user agents , such as web browsers , are to present websites based upon their underlying code . This new web standard changes the way that users are affected by the internet and their privacy on the internet . HTML5 expands the number of methods given to a website to store information locally on a client as well as the amount of data that can be stored . As such , privacy risks are increased . For instance , merely erasing cookies may not be enough to remove potential tracking methods since data could be mirrored in web storage , another means of keeping information in a user 's web browser . There are so many sources of data storage that it is challenging for web browsers to present sensible privacy settings . As the power of web standards increases , so do potential misuses .
BIOS
There are many methods and utilities for examining the contents of various motherboard BIOS and expansion ROMs , such as Microsoft DEBUG or the Unix dd .
Brown Sugar (The Rolling Stones song)
Mick Jagger -- vocals , percussion Keith Richards -- electric guitar , acoustic guitar , backing vocals Mick Taylor - guitar Bill Wyman -- bass guitar Charlie Watts -- drums
Hyperinflation
There are also issues with computerized money - handling systems . In Zimbabwe , during the hyperinflation of the Zimbabwe dollar , many automated teller machines and payment card machines struggled with arithmetic overflow errors as customers required many billions and trillions of dollars at one time .
Land lot
In front of many lots in urban areas , there are sidewalks , usually publicly owned . Beyond the sidewalk , there may sometimes be a strip of land called a road verge , and then the roadway , being the drivable part of the road .
Austin, Texas
Austin also has many odd statues and landmarks , such as the Stevie Ray Vaughan statue , the Willie Nelson statue , the Mangia dinosaur , the Loca Maria lady at Taco Xpress , the Hyde Park Gym 's giant flexed arm , and Daniel Johnston 's Hi , How are You ? Jeremiah the Innocent frog mural .
Magic in Harry Potter
Charms is the class that teaches how to develop incantations for the uses of bewitchment . Rowling has described Charms as a type of magic spell concerned with giving an object new and unexpected properties . Charms classes are described as notoriously noisy and chaotic , as the lessons are largely practical . Many of the exposition sequences in the books are set in Charms classes , which are on the second floor of Hogwarts . The class is taught by Filius Flitwick .
Vaishnavism
Vaishnavism is centered on the devotion of Vishnu and his avatars . According to Schweig , it is a `` polymorphic monotheism , i.e. a theology that recognizes many forms ( ananta rupa ) of the one , single unitary divinity , '' since there are many forms of one original deity , with Vishnu taking many forms . Okita , in contrast , states that the different denominations within Vaishnavism are best described as theism , pantheism and panentheism .
History of coal mining
The earliest reference to the use of coal in metalworking is found in the geological treatise On stones ( Lap. 16 ) by the Greek scientist Theophrastus ( c. 371 -- 287 BC ) :
The Deer Hunter
There has been considerable debate , controversy , and conflicting stories about how The Deer Hunter was initially developed and written . Director and co-writer Michael Cimino , writer Deric Washburn , and producers Barry Spikings and Michael Deeley all have different versions of how the film came to be .
Hōryū-ji
There are many features that suggest the current precinct of Hōryu - ji is entirely not related to the Asuka period style ( a style that seems nonexistent ) .