vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Brown bear
The brown bear is often described as nocturnal . However , it frequently seems to peak in activity in the morning and early evening hours . Studies have shown that activity throughout the range can occur at nearly any time of night or day , with bears who dwell in areas with more extensive human contact being more likely to be fully nocturnal . Furthermore , yearling and newly independent bears are more likely to be active diurnally and many adult bears in low - disturbance areas are largely crepuscular . In summer through autumn , a brown bear can double its weight from the spring , gaining up to 180 kg ( 400 lb ) of fat , on which it relies to make it through winter , when it becomes very lethargic . Although they are not full hibernators and can be woken easily , both sexes like to den in a protected spot during the winter months . Hibernation dens may consist of any spot that provides cover from the elements and that can accommodate their bodies , such as a cave , crevice , cavernous tree roots , or hollow logs .
Elk
The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem elk herd numbers over 200,000 individuals and during the spring and fall , they take part in the longest elk migration in the continental U.S. Elk in the southern regions of Yellowstone National Park and in the surrounding National Forests migrate south towards the town of Jackson , Wyoming , where they winter for up to six months on the National Elk Refuge . Conservationists there ensure the herd is well fed during the harsh winters . Many of the elk that reside in the northern sections of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem migrate to lower altitudes in Montana , mainly to the north and west .
San Jose, California
With the light rainfall , San Jose and its suburbs experience about 300 fully or partly sunny days a year . Rain occurs primarily in the months from November through April . During the winter and spring , hillsides and fields turn green with grasses and vegetation , although deciduous trees are few . With the coming of the annual hot summer dry period , the vegetation dies and dries , giving the hills a golden cover which , unfortunately , also provides fuel for grass fires .
Soviet Union in World War II
The frontoviks had to live , fight and die in small circular foxholes dug into the earth with enough room for one or two men with slit trenches being to connect what the Germans called `` Russian holes '' . The soldiers were usually not issued blankets or sleeping bags , even in the winter . Instead , the frontovik slept in their coats and shelter - capes usually on pine , evergreen needles , fir boughs , piled leaves or straw . In the winter , the temperature could drop as low as - 60 ° F ( - 50 ° C ) , making General Moroz ( General Frost ) as much an enemy as the Germans . Spring started in April and with it came rains and snowmelt , making the battlefields into a muddy quagmire . Summers were dusty and hot while with the fall came the rasputitsa ( time without roads ) as heavy autumn rains once again turned the battlefields into muddy quagmires that made the spring rains look tame by comparison .
To Autumn
The last stanza contrasts Autumn 's sounds with those of Spring . The sounds that are presented are not only those of Autumn but essentially the gentle sounds of the evening . Gnats wail and lambs bleat in the dusk . As night approaches within the final moments of the song , death is slowly approaching alongside the end of the year . The full - grown lambs , like the grapes , gourds and hazel nuts , will be harvested for the winter . The twittering swallows gather for departure , leaving the fields bare . The whistling red - breast and the chirping cricket are the common sounds of winter . The references to Spring , the growing lambs and the migrating swallows remind the reader that the seasons are a cycle , widening the scope of this stanza from a single season to life in general .
Earth's orbit
By astronomical convention , the four seasons are determined by the solstices -- the two points in the Earth 's orbit of the maximum tilt of the Earth 's axis , towards the Sun or away from the Sun -- and the equinoxes -- the two points in the Earth 's orbit where the Earth 's tilted axis and an imaginary line drawn from the Earth to the Sun are exactly perpendicular to one another . The solstices and equinoxes divide the year up into four approximately equal parts . In the northern hemisphere winter solstice occurs on or about December 21 ; summer solstice is near June 21 ; spring equinox is around March 20 ; and autumnal equinox is about September 23 . The effect of the Earth 's axial tilt in the southern hemisphere is the opposite of that in the northern hemisphere , thus the seasons of the solstices and equinoxes in the southern hemisphere are the reverse of those in the northern hemisphere ( e.g. the northern summer solstice is at the same time as the southern winter solstice ) .
Metrication in the United States
Televised and radio weather reports are given in degrees Fahrenheit instead of Celsius for dew point and air temperatures , miles per hour for wind speed , inches of mercury for atmospheric pressure ( millibars are used only when reporting tropical phenomena such as hurricanes ) , and other customary units . In some northern border states , temperatures are described in both Fahrenheit and Celsius for the benefit of the cross-border Canadian audience .
Bobcat
Though the bobcat prefers rabbits and hares , it hunts insects , chickens , geese and other birds , small rodents , and deer . Prey selection depends on location and habitat , season , and abundance . Like most cats , the bobcat is territorial and largely solitary , although with some overlap in home ranges . It uses several methods to mark its territorial boundaries , including claw marks and deposits of urine or feces . The bobcat breeds from winter into spring and has a gestation period of about two months .
Alaska
In areas not served by road or rail , primary transportation in summer is by all - terrain vehicle and in winter by snowmobile or `` snow machine , '' as it is commonly referred to in Alaska .
Mount Logan
Temperatures are extremely low on and near Mount Logan . On the 5,000 m high plateau , air temperature hovers around − 45 ° C ( − 49 ° F ) in the winter and reaches near freezing in summer with the median temperature for the year around − 27 ° C ( − 17 ° F ) . Minimal snow melt leads to a significant ice cap , reaching almost 300 m ( 984 ft ) in certain spots .
Snow White and the Huntsman
While admiring a rose blooming in the winter , Queen Eleanor of the kingdom of Tabor pricks her finger on one of its thorns . Three drops of blood fall onto the snow - covered ground , and she wishes for a daughter as white as the snow , with lips as red as the blood , hair as black as a raven 's wings and a heart as strong and defiant as the rose . Queen Eleanor gives birth to her daughter Snow White , but soon after falls ill and dies . After her death , Snow White 's father , King Magnus , and his army battle an invading Dark Army of demonic glass soldiers . Upon rescuing their prisoner Ravenna , he becomes enchanted with her beauty and marries her .
British Army during World War I
British official historian Brigadier James Edward Edmonds , in 1925 , recorded that `` The British Army of 1914 was the best trained , best equipped and best organized British Army ever sent to war '' . This was in part due to the Haldane reforms , and the Army itself recognising the need for change and training . Training began with individual training in winter , followed by squadron , company or battery training in spring ; regimental , battalion and brigade training in summer ; and division or inter-divisional exercises and army manoeuvres in late summer and autumn . The common doctrine of headquarters at all levels was outlined in the Field Service Pocket Book , which Haig had introduced while serving as Director of Staff Studies at the War Office in 1906 .
Sacramento International Airport
During the other 30 % of the year ( typically between the fall and spring ) , the airfield operates in `` North Flow '' mode . In North Flow , arrivals and departures operate from runways 34L and 34R . As in South Flow , departing aircraft generally take an east to southeast heading immediately after taking off , so arrivals from the north detour to the west side of the airport before executing a 180 degree turn to land . Also , because residences near SMF are typically built south and east of the airport , North Flow is preferred at night ( between 2145 and 0745 local time ) , conditions permitting , in order to route flights over primarily agricultural land and abate noise .
Cardinal direction
In Mesoamerica and North America , a number of traditional indigenous cosmologies include four cardinal directions and a center . Some may also include `` above '' and `` below '' as directions , and therefore focus on a cosmology of seven directions . Each direction may be associated with a color , which can vary widely between nations , but which is usually one of the basic colors found in nature and natural pigments , such as black , red , white , and yellow , with occasional appearances of blue , green , or other hues . In some cases , e.g. , many of the Puebloan peoples of the Southwestern United States , the four named directions are not North , South , East and West but are the four intermediate directions associated with the places of sunrise and sunset at the winter and summer solstices . There can be great variety in color symbolism , even among cultures that are close neighbors geographically .
List of animals of Yellowstone
While in spawning streams , Yellowstone cutthroat trout are preyed upon by numerous predators including black bears and grizzly bears . Due to their high digestibility and protein and lipid content , spawning cutthroat trout are one of the highest sources of net digestible energy for grizzly bears in the Yellowstone ecosystem . Cutthroat trout are an important late - spring and early - summer food source for bears and may provide bears the opportunity to regain body mass after den emergence and help females with cubs meet the energetic demands of lactation . The average lifespan of a grizzly bear in Yellowstone is about 22 years , and the average lifespan of a Yellowstone black bear is about 17 . Black
Arctic fox
The average mass specific BMR and total BMR are 37 % and 27 % lower in the winter than the summer . The Arctic fox decreases its BMR via metabolic depression in the winter to conserve fat storage and minimize energy requirements . According to the most recent data , the lower critical temperature of the Arctic fox is at - 7 ° C in the winter and 5 ° C in the summer . It was commonly believed that the Arctic fox had a lower critical temperature below - 40 ° C. However , some scientists have concluded that this stat is not accurate since it was never tested using the proper equipment .
Taiga
More than 300 species of birds have their nesting grounds in the taiga . Siberian thrush , white - throated sparrow , and black - throated green warbler migrate to this habitat to take advantage of the long summer days and abundance of insects found around the numerous bogs and lakes . Of the 300 species of birds that summer in the taiga only 30 stay for the winter . These are either carrion - feeding or large raptors that can take live mammal prey , including golden eagle , rough - legged buzzard ( also known as the rough - legged hawk ) , and raven , or else seed - eating birds , including several species of grouse and crossbills .
The Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Bob Dylan Live 1966, The "Royal Albert Hall" Concert
After touring North America from the fall of 1965 through the winter of 1966 , Dylan , accompanied by the Hawks ( later renamed the Band ) , embarked on a six - week spring tour that began in Australia , wound through western Europe , Ireland and the United Kingdom , and wrapped up in London . Dylan 's move to electric music , and his apparent disconnection from traditional folk music , continued to be controversial , and his UK audiences were particularly disruptive with some fans believing Dylan had `` sold out '' .
Ultraviolet
In humans , excessive exposure to UV radiation can result in acute and chronic harmful effects on the eye 's dioptric system and retina . The risk is elevated at high altitudes and people living in high latitude countries where snow covers the ground right into early summer and sun positions even at zenith are low , are particularly at risk . Skin , the circadian and immune systems can also be affected . Ultraviolet
Taiga
Because the sun is low in the horizon for most of the year , it is difficult for plants to generate energy from photosynthesis . Pine , spruce and fir do not lose their leaves seasonally and are able to photosynthesize with their older leaves in late winter and spring when light is good but temperatures are still too low for new growth to commence . The adaptation of evergreen needles limits the water lost due to transpiration and their dark green color increases their absorption of sunlight . Although precipitation is not a limiting factor , the ground freezes during the winter months and plant roots are unable to absorb water , so desiccation can be a severe problem in late winter for evergreens . Moss
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide in Earth 's atmosphere is a trace gas , currently ( early 2017 ) having a global average concentration of 404 parts per million by volume ( or 614 parts per million by mass ) . Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide fluctuate slightly with the seasons , falling during the Northern Hemisphere spring and summer as plants consume the gas and rising during northern autumn and winter as plants go dormant or die and decay . Concentrations also vary on a regional basis , most strongly near the ground with much smaller variations aloft . In urban areas concentrations are generally higher and indoors they can reach 10 times background levels . Yearly
Season
In the temperate and polar regions , seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight , which in turn often causes cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals . These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water . For example , the South Pole is in the middle of the continent of Antarctica and therefore a considerable distance from the moderating influence of the southern oceans . The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean , and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water . The result is that the South Pole is consistently colder during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter .
Snow White and the Huntsman
Ravenna is in fact a powerful sorceress and the Dark Army 's master . On their wedding night , Magnus , enchanted , throws Ravenna into the bed and proceeds to make love . Ravenna confesses there was a king much like Magnus that hurt her . During foreplay , she declares she can not be a weak queen and kills Magnus before unleashing her invading army upon the kingdom . Snow White 's childhood friend William and his father Duke Hammond escape the castle but are unable to rescue her , and she is captured by Ravenna 's brother Finn and locked away in the north tower of the castle for many years .
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Strep throat is a common bacterial infection in children . It is the cause of 15 -- 40 % of sore throats among children and 5 -- 15 % among adults . Cases are more common in late winter and early spring . Potential complications include rheumatic fever and peritonsillar abscess .
Season
The traditional calendar in China forms the basis of other such systems in East Asia . Its seasons are traditionally based on 24 periods known as solar terms . The four seasons chūn ( 春 ) , xià ( 夏 ) , qiū ( 秋 ) , and dōng ( 冬 ) are universally translated as `` spring '' , `` summer '' , `` autumn '' , and `` winter '' but actually begin much earlier , with the solstices and equinoxes forming the midpoint of each season rather than their start . Astronomically , the seasons are said to begin on Lichun ( 立春 , lit . `` standing spring '' ) on about 4 February , Lixia ( 立夏 ) on about 6 May , Liqiu ( 立秋 ) on about 8 August , and Lidong ( 立冬 ) on about 7 November . These dates were not part of the traditional lunar calendar , however , and moveable holidays such as Chinese New Year and the Mid-Autumn Festival are more closely associated with the seasons .
Desert
Cold deserts , sometimes known as temperate deserts , occur at higher latitudes than hot deserts , and the aridity is caused by the dryness of the air . Some cold deserts are far from the ocean and others are separated by mountain ranges from the sea and in both cases there is insufficient moisture in the air to cause much precipitation . The largest of these deserts are found in Central Asia . Others occur on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains , the eastern side of the southern Andes and in southern Australia . Polar deserts are a particular class of cold desert . The air is very cold and carries little moisture so little precipitation occurs and what does fall , usually as snow , is carried along in the often strong wind and may form blizzards , drifts and dunes similar to those caused by dust and sand in other desert regions . In Antarctica , for example , the annual precipitation is about 50 mm ( 2 in ) on the central plateau and some ten times that amount on some major peninsulas .
Climate of India
India is home to an extraordinary variety of climatic regions , ranging from tropical in the south to temperate and alpine in the Himalayan north , where elevated regions receive sustained winter snowfall . The nation 's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert . The Himalayas , along with the Hindu Kush mountains in Pakistan , prevent cold Central Asian katabatic winds from blowing in , keeping the bulk of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at the similar latitudes . Simultaneously , the Thar Desert plays a role in attracting moisture - laden southwest summer monsoon winds that , between June and October , provide the majority of India 's rainfall . Four major climatic groupings predominate , into which fall seven climatic zones that , as designated by experts , are defined on the basis of such traits as temperature and precipitation . Groupings are assigned codes ( see chart ) according to the Köppen climate classification system .
Dead Sea
The Dead Sea 's climate offers year - round sunny skies and dry air . It has less than 50 millimetres ( 2 in ) mean annual rainfall and a summer average temperature between 32 and 39 ° C ( 90 and 102 ° F ) . Winter average temperatures range between 20 and 23 ° C ( 68 and 73 ° F ) . The region has weaker ultraviolet radiation , particularly the UVB ( erythrogenic rays ) . Given the higher atmospheric pressure , the air has a slightly higher oxygen content ( 3.3 % in summer to 4.8 % in winter ) as compared to oxygen concentration at sea level . Barometric pressures at the Dead Sea were measured between 1061 and 1065 hPa and clinically compared with health effects at higher altitude . ( This barometric measure is about 5 % higher than sea level standard atmospheric pressure of 1013.25 hPa , which is the global ocean mean or ATM . ) The Dead Sea affects temperatures nearby because of the moderating effect a large body of water has on climate . During the winter , sea temperatures tend to be higher than land temperatures , and vice versa during the summer months . This is the result of the water 's mass and specific heat capacity . On average , there are 192 days above 30C ( 86F ) annually .
Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School
The Dance Department is based strictly on pre-conservatory - based training in the field of dance . Students spend the first two years training solely in classical ballet and the combined modern techniques of Graham and Horton . In their junior year they are given the opportunity to take musical theater and tap classes . Beyond that , the junior class performs for the first time junior year . The second semester of junior year they take a choreography class in which they create pieces of their own to perform . Senior year , the dancers take career management classes to support their success and take part in two performances : the Winter Showcase and the Graduation Dance Concert of the spring .
Arctic fox
Arctic foxes tend to select dens that are easily accessible with many entrances , and that are clear from snow and ice making it easier to burrow in . The Arctic fox builds and chooses dens that face southward towards the sun , which makes the den warmer . Arctic foxes prefer large , maze - like dens for predator evasion and a quick escape especially when red foxes are in the area . Natal dens are typically found in rugged terrain , which may provide more protection for the pups . But , the parents will also relocate litters to nearby dens to avoid predators . When red foxes are not in the region , Arctic foxes will use dens that the red fox previously occupied . Shelter quality is more important to the Arctic fox than the proximity of spring prey to a den .
Yosemite National Park
Yosemite Valley is open year - round and numerous activities are available through the National Park Service , Yosemite Conservancy , and Aramark at Yosemite , including nature walks , photography and art classes , stargazing programs , tours , bike rentals , rafting , mule and horseback rides , and rock climbing classes . Many people enjoy short walks and longer hikes to waterfalls in Yosemite Valley , or walks among giant sequoias in the Mariposa , Tuolumne , or Merced Groves . Others like to drive or take a tour bus to Glacier Point ( summer -- fall ) to see a spectacular view of Yosemite Valley and the high country , or drive along the scenic Tioga Road to Tuolumne Meadows ( May -- October ) and go for a walk or hike .
Southern United States
Numerous new automobile production plants have opened in the region , or are soon to open , such as Mercedes - Benz in Tuscaloosa , Alabama ; Hyundai in Montgomery , Alabama ; the BMW production plant in Spartanburg , South Carolina ; Toyota plants in Georgetown , Kentucky , Blue Springs , Mississippi and San Antonio ; the GM manufacturing plant in Spring Hill , Tennessee ; a Honda factory in Lincoln , Alabama ; the Nissan North American headquarters in Franklin , Tennessee and factories in Smyrna , Tennessee and Canton , Mississippi ; a Kia factory in West Point , Georgia ; and the Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant in Tennessee .
Uluru
The park has a hot desert climate and receives an average rainfall of 284.6 mm ( 11.2 in ) per year . The average high temperature in summer ( December -- January ) is 37.8 ° C ( 100.0 ° F ) , and the average low temperature in winter ( June -- July ) is 4.7 ° C ( 40.5 ° F ) . Temperature extremes in the park have been recorded at 46 ° C ( 115 ° F ) during the summer and − 5 ° C ( 23 ° F ) during winter . UV levels are extreme between October and March , averaging between 11 and 15 on the UV index .
Geography of Florida
The Florida Keys , because they are completely surrounded by water , have lesser variability in temperatures . At Key West , temperatures rarely exceed 95 ° F ( 35 ° C ) in the summer or fall below 55 ° F ( 13 ° C ) in the winter , and frost has never been reported in the Keys .
Olympic Games
The Oxford Olympics Study 2016 found that sports - related costs for the Summer Games since 1960 is on average USD 5.2 billion and for the Winter Games USD 3.1 billion . This does not include wider infrastructure costs like roads , urban rail , and airports , which often cost as much or more than the sports - related costs . The most expensive Summer Games are Beijing at USD 40 - 44 billion and the most expensive Winter Games are Sochi 2014 at USD 51 billion . Costs per athlete is on average USD 0.6 million for the Summer Games and USD 1.3 million for the Winter Games . For London 2012 , cost per athlete was USD 1.4 million ; for Sochi 2014 , USD 7.9 million .