vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Urban renewal
The term `` urban renewal '' was not introduced in the USA until the Housing Act was again amended in 1954 . That was also the year in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the general validity of urban redevelopment statutes in the landmark case , Berman v. Parker . See Amy Lavine , Italic textUrban Renewal and the Story of Berman v. ParkerItalic text 42 The Urban Lawyer 423 ( 2010 ) .
Antonin Scalia
In October 2016 , the Italy -- USA Foundation posthumously awarded Scalia its America Award . The ceremony was conducted in front of the Italian parliament in Rome .
Moss
In rural UK , Fontinalis antipyretica was traditionally used to extinguish fires as it could be found in substantial quantities in slow - moving rivers and the moss retained large volumes of water which helped extinguish the flames . This historical use is reflected in its specific Latin / Greek name , the approximate meaning of which is `` against fire '' .
History of hip-hop dance
In the 1970s , b - boy crews were neighborhood - based and would engage in battles held at local block parties called `` jams '' . Today crews can battle in organized competitions with other crews from around the world . New Zealand crew ReQuest won the Australian - based competition World Supremacy Battlegrounds in 2009 and the American - based competition Hip Hop International in 2009 and 2010 . On October 12 , 2010 , the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture , Sport , and Tourism presented the Certificate of Merit to dance crew Big Toe for winning a variety of international dance competitions . Dance crews are more prevalent in hip - hop , but hip - hop dance companies do exist . Examples include Zoo Nation ( UK ) , Culture Shock ( USA ) , Lux Aeterna ( USA ) , Boy Blue Entertainment ( UK ) , Unity UK ( UK ) , Bounce Streetdance Company ( Sweden ) , and Funkbrella Dance Company ( USA ) .
Franchising
When adopting a European strategy it is important that a franchisor takes expert legal advice . Most often one of the principal tasks in Europe is to find retail space , which is not so significant a factor in the USA . This is where the franchise broker , or the master franchisor , plays an important role . Cultural factors are also relevant , as local populations tend to be heterogeneous . France
Mars, Incorporated
In 2014 , Mars opened a new $270 million chocolate plant in Topeka , Kansas , the first new plant in the USA in 35 years .
Jamestown, Virginia
In the present time , as part of the Colonial National Historical Park , the Jamestown Island area is home to two heritage tourism sites related to the original fort and town . Nearby , the Jamestown - Scotland Ferry service provides a link across the navigable portion of the James River for vehicles and affords passengers a view of Jamestown Island from the river .
Border Collie
In the USA , the national sanctioning body for these competitions is the USBCHA . In the UK it is the International Sheep Dog Society , in Canada the Canadian Border Collie Association ( CBCA ) and in South Africa it is the South African Sheepdog Association .
Home computer
MSX was a standard for a home computing architecture that was intended and hoped to become a universal platform for home computing . It was conceived and engineered by Microsoft and marketed by Microsoft Japan . Computers conforming to the MSX standard were produced by most all major Japanese electronics manufacturers , as well as two Korean ones and several others in Europe and South America . Some 5 million units are known to have been sold in Japan alone . They sold in smaller numbers throughout the world . Due to the `` price wars '' being waged in the USA home computer market during the 1983 - 85 period , MSX computers were never marketed to any great extent in the USA . Eventually more advanced mainstream home computers and game consoles obsoleted the MSX machines .
History of democracy
1791 : The Haitian Revolution a successful slave revolution , established a free republic . The United Kingdom 1807 : The Slave Trade Act banned the trade across the British Empire after which the U.K. established the Blockade of Africa and enacted international treaties to combat foreign slave traders . 1832 : The passing of the Reform Act , which gave representation to previously under represented urban areas in the U.K. and extended the voting franchise to a wider population . 1833 : The Slavery Abolition Act was passed , which took effect across the British Empire from 1 August 1834 . 1820 : First Cortes Gerais in Portugal under a Constitutional Charter . 1835 : Serbia 's first modern constitution 1848 : Universal male suffrage was re-established in France in March of that year , in the wake of the French Revolution of 1848 . 1848 : Following the French , the Revolutions of 1848 , although in many instances forcefully put down , did result in democratic constitutions in some other European countries , among them Denmark and Netherlands . 1850s : introduction of the secret ballot in Australia ; 1872 in UK ; 1892 in USA 1853 : Black Africans given the vote for the first time in Southern Africa , in the British - administered Cape Province . 1856 : USA -- property ownership requirements were eliminated in all states , giving suffrage to most adult white males . However , tax - paying requirements remained in five states until 1860 and in two states until the 20th century . 1870 : USA -- 15th Amendment to the Constitution , prohibits voting rights discrimination on the basis of race , colour , or previous condition of slavery . 1878 - 80 : William Ewart Gladstone 's UK Midlothian campaign ushered in the modern political campaign . 1893 : New Zealand is the first nation to introduce universal suffrage by awarding the vote to women ( universal male suffrage had been in place since 1879 ) . 1905 : Persian Constitutional Revolution , first parliamentary system in middle east .
Pearl Jam
The band , and especially frontman Eddie Vedder , have been vocal supporters of the pro-choice movement . In 1992 , Spin printed an article by Vedder , entitled `` Reclamation '' , which detailed his views on abortion . In an MTV Unplugged concert the same year , Vedder stood on a stool and wrote `` PRO-CHOICE ! '' on his arm in protest when the band performed the song `` Porch '' . The band are members of a number of pro-choice organizations , including Choice USA and Voters for Choice .
Bird ringing
Bird ringing is the term used in the UK and in some other parts of Europe ; while the term bird banding is more often used in the USA and Australia . Organised ringing efforts are called ringing or banding schemes , and the organisations that run them are ringing or banding authorities . ( Birds are ringed rather than rung ) Those who ring or band birds are known as ringers or banders , and they are typically active at ringing or banding stations .
The House of the Rising Sun
In French , Johnny Hallyday 's version Le pénitencier , released in October 1964 , made it to the French Billboard Top 10 , and he performed the song in his 2014 USA tour .
Smart city
Major strategies and achievements related to the spatial intelligence of cities are listed in the Intelligent Community Forum awards from 1999 to 2010 , in the cities of Songdu and Suwon ( South Korea ) , Stockholm ( Sweden ) , Gangnam District of Seoul ( South Korea ) , Waterloo , Ontario ( Canada ) , Taipei ( Taiwan ) , Mitaka ( Japan ) , Glasgow ( Scotland , UK ) , Calgary ( Alberta , Canada ) , Seoul ( South Korea ) , New York City ( USA ) , LaGrange , Georgia ( USA ) , and Singapore , which were recognized for their efforts in developing broadband networks and e-services sustaining innovation ecosystems , growth , and inclusion . There are a number of cities actively pursuing a smart city strategy :
Home computer
Another effect of the mass marketing of home computers was a shift in the distribution channels used by the manufacturers . Particularly for Commodore , Atari , and Sinclair / Timex in the USA , it became feasible to sell through department stores like Sears and J.C. Penney , and toy / hobby stores like Toys `` R '' Us . This trend resulted in further price reductions to the consumer , and allowed manufacturers to economically move greater volumes of product into new markets away from the big coastal cities of the USA .
History of Walmart
Over the last decade or so Walmart has become involved in numerous lawsuits for a variety of reasons . The majority of the suits are class action lawsuits in which employees are suing for unpaid wages . They have also run into numerous discrimination cases in which employees are suing for being profiled out of money or out of jobs . For example , there were two separate cases , one in 2004 and one in 2005 , in which black employees were suing two different Walmarts for denying them jobs based on race . These became so popular that the reverend Jesse Jackson intervened and spoke during both of the proceedings . There are also many lawsuits in which women are suing Wal - Mart for discriminating against them . In one article written in 2004 USA today mentioned 32 different lawsuits that involved women suing Walmart . But still Walmart has prevailed . All of this has not had any effects on Walmart financially however , according to Fortune 500 , Walmart still had $351 billion in revenue ( $11 billion in profit ) in 2007 , a new high for the corporation .
Kobe Bryant
On June 23 , 2008 , he was named to the USA Men 's Senior National Team for the 2008 Summer Olympics . This was his first time going to the Olympics . Bryant scored 20 points , including 13 in the fourth quarter , along with six assists , as Team USA defeated Spain 118 -- 107 in the gold medal game of the 2008 Summer Olympics on August 24 , 2008 , for its first gold medal in a worldwide competition since the 2000 Olympics . He averaged 15.0 points , 2.8 rebounds , and 2.1 assists while shooting . 462 from the field in eight Olympic contests .
He's Got the Whole World in His Hands
Laurie London 's version then rose to # 1 of the Most Played by Jockeys song list in the USA and went to number three on the R&B charts in 1958 . The record reached # 2 on Billboard 's Best Sellers in Stores survey and # 1 in Cashbox 's Top 60 . It became a gold record and was the most successful record by a British male in the 1950s in the USA . It was the first , and remains , the only gospel song to hit # 1 on a U.S. pop singles chart ; `` Put Your Hand in the Hand ( of the Man ) '' by Ocean peaked at # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in 1971 ; and `` Oh Happy Day '' by the Edwin Hawkins Singers reached # 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in 1969 .
Narmada River
The tidal rise is felt up to 32 km ( 19.9 mi ) above Bharuch , where the neap tides rise to about a metre and spring tide 3.5 m ( 11.5 ft ) . The river is navigable for vessels of the burthen of 95 tonnes ( i.e. , 380 Bombay candies ) up to Bharuch and for vessels up to 35 tonnes ( 140 Bombay candies ) up to Shamlapitha or Ghangdia . The small vessels ( 10 tonnes ) voyage up to Tilakawada in Gujarat . There are sand bases and shoals at mouth and at Bharuch . The nearby island of Kabirvad , in the Narmada River , features a gigantic Banyan tree , which covers 10,000 square metres ( 2.5 acres ) . its also called mother of madhya pradesh citizens .
List of My Little Pony (1986) characters
The Seaponies are brightly colored seahorse - like creatures who dwell in the rivers and lakes of Dream Valley . They love underwater polo and can perform elaborate songs and dance numbers . They only appeared in the two Generation 1 Specials and they are based on the Hippocamp , a mythological creature shared by Phoenician and Greek mythology . A sub-line of the Seaponies called Baby Seaponies debuted later in 1985 and later in My Little Pony : The Movie .
Climate of the Arctic
Much of the historical exploration of the Arctic was motivated by the search for the Northwest and Northeast Passages . Sixteenth - and seventeenth - century expeditions were largely driven by traders in search of these shortcuts between the Atlantic and the Pacific . These forays into the Arctic did not venture far from the North American and Eurasian coasts , and were unsuccessful at finding a navigable route through either passage .
Missouri
Springfield is the headquarters of the Assemblies of God USA and the Baptist Bible Fellowship International . The General Association of General Baptists has its headquarters in Poplar Bluff . The Unity Church is headquartered in Unity Village .
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia 's geography is dominated by the Arabian Desert , associated semi-desert and shrubland ( see satellite image ) and several mountain ranges and highlands . It is , in fact , a number of linked deserts and includes the 647,500 km ( 250,001 sq mi ) Rub ' al Khali ( `` Empty Quarter '' ) in the southeastern part of the country , the world 's largest contiguous sand desert . There are a few lakes in the country but no permanent rivers , however wadis are very numerous . The fertile areas are to be found in the alluvial deposits in wadis , basins , and oases . The main topographical feature is the central plateau which rises abruptly from the Red Sea and gradually descends into the Nejd and toward the Persian Gulf . On the Red Sea coast , there is a narrow coastal plain , known as the Tihamah parallel to which runs an imposing escarpment . The southwest province of Asir is mountainous , and contains the 3,133 m ( 10,279 ft ) Mount Sawda , which is the highest point in the country .
Thar Desert
The Sarasvati River is one of the chief Rigvedic rivers mentioned in ancient Hindu texts . The Nadistuti hymn in the Rigveda mentions the Sarasvati between the Yamuna in the east and the Sutlej in the west , and later Vedic texts like Tandya and Jaiminiya Brahmanas as well as the Mahabharata mention that the Sarasvati dried up in a desert .
Environmental issues in the Philippines
Currently , the Philippines ' Department of Environment and Natural Resources has been busy tracking down illegal loggers and been spearheading projects to preserve the quality of many remaining rivers that are not yet polluted .
Kurt Angle
Upon graduating from high school , Angle attended the Clarion University of Pennsylvania , where he continued to wrestle at an amateur level . He was a two - time National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I champion , national runner - up in 1991 , and a three - time NCAA Division I All - American . In addition , Angle was the 1987 USA Junior Freestyle champion , a two - time USA Senior Freestyle champion , and the 1988 USA International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles Junior World Freestyle champion .
Hades
The five rivers of the realm of Hades , and their symbolic meanings , are Acheron ( the river of sorrow , or woe ) , Cocytus ( lamentation ) , Phlegethon ( fire ) , Lethe ( oblivion ) , and Styx ( hate ) , the river upon which even the gods swore and in which Achilles was dipped to render him invincible . The Styx forms the boundary between the upper and lower worlds . See also Eridanos .
Brontë family
The Brontë Parsonage Museum is managed and maintained by the Brontë Society , which organises exhibitions and takes care of the cultural heritage represented by objects and documents which belonged to the family . The society has branches in Australia , Canada , France , Ireland , the Scandinavian countries , South Africa , and the USA . Wuthering
River Thames
In 1974 the Thames Conservancy became part of the new Thames Water Authority . When Thames Water was privatised in 1990 , its river management functions were transferred to the National Rivers Authority , in 1996 subsumed into the Environment Agency .
Ohio State University Marching Band
The Ohio State University Marching Band has been honored with The Sudler Trophy for outstanding college band , and in 1988 was featured in a multi-page article in USA Today .
Long jump
Mike Powell ( USA ) jumped 8.99 m ( + 4.4 ) at altitude in Sestriere , Italy on 21 July 1992 . Iván Pedroso ( CUB ) jumped 8.96 m ( + 1.2 ) at altitude in Sestriere , Italy on 29 July 1995 . The jump was ruled invalid due to an obstructed wind - gauge . Carl Lewis ( USA ) jumped 8.91 ( + 3.0 ) and 8.83 ( + 2.3 ) on 30 August 1991 at the World Championships in Tokyo , Japan . Fabrice Lapierre ( AUS ) jumped 8.78 ( + 3.1 ) on 18 April 2010 in Perth , Australia . James Beckford ( JAM ) jumped 8.68 ( + 4.9 ) on 20 May 1995 in Odessa , Ukraine . Marquis Dendy ( USA ) jumped 8.68 ( + 3.7 ) on 25 June 2015 in Eugene , Oregon . Joe Greene ( USA ) jumped 8.68 ( + 4.0 ) at altitude on 21 July 1995 in Sestriere , Italy . Kareem Streete - Thompson ( USA ) jumped 8.64 ( + 3.5 ) on 18 June 1995 in Knoxville , Tennessee . Mike Conley ( USA ) jumped 8.63 ( + 3.9 ) on 20 June 1986 in Eugene , Oregon . Jeff Henderson ( USA ) jumped 8.59 ( + 2.9 ) on 3 July 2016 in Eugene , Oregon . Jason Grimes ( USA ) jumped 8.57 ( + 5.2 ) on 27 June 1982 in Durham , North Carolina . Kevin Dilworth ( USA ) jumped 8.53 ( + 4.9 ) on 27 April 2002 in Fort - de-France , Martinique .
Black Hills
The Black Hills also have a ' skirt ' of gravel covering them in areas , which are called pediments . Formed as the waterways cut down into the uplifting hills , they represent the former locations of today 's rivers . These beds are generally around 10,000 years old or younger , judging by the artifacts and fossils found . A few places , mainly in the high elevations , are older , as old as 20 million years , according to camel and rodent fossils found . Some gravels have been found but for the most part , these older beds have been eroded away .
Scooby-Doo
Reruns of Scooby - Doo have been in syndication since 1980 , and have also been shown on cable television networks such as TBS Superstation ( until 1989 ) and USA Network ( as part of the USA Cartoon Express from 1990 to 1994 ) . In 1993 , A Pup Named Scooby - Doo , having just recently ended its network run on ABC , began reruns on the Cartoon Network . With Turner Broadcasting purchasing Hanna - Barbera in 1991 , in 1994 the Scooby - Doo franchise became exclusive to the Turner networks : Cartoon Network , TBS Superstation , and TNT . Canadian network Teletoon began airing Scooby - Doo , Where Are You ! in 1997 , with the other Scooby series soon following . When TBS and TNT ended their broadcasts of H-B cartoons in 1998 , Scooby - Doo became the exclusive property of both Cartoon Network and sister station Boomerang .
Platypus
The platypus is semiaquatic , inhabiting small streams and rivers over an extensive range from the cold highlands of Tasmania and the Australian Alps to the tropical rainforests of coastal Queensland as far north as the base of the Cape York Peninsula . Inland , its distribution is not well known ; it is extinct in South Australia ( apart from an introduced population on Kangaroo Island ) and is no longer found in the main part of the Murray - Darling Basin , possibly due to the declining water quality brought about by extensive land clearing and irrigation schemes . Along the coastal river systems , its distribution is unpredictable ; it appears to be absent from some relatively healthy rivers , and yet maintains a presence in others , for example , the lower Maribyrnong , that are quite degraded .
Recycling
Levels of metals recycling are generally low . In 2010 , the International Resource Panel , hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) published reports on metal stocks that exist within society and their recycling rates . The Panel reported that the increase in the use of metals during the 20th and into the 21st century has led to a substantial shift in metal stocks from below ground to use in applications within society above ground . For example , the in - use stock of copper in the USA grew from 73 to 238 kg per capita between 1932 and 1999 .
French and Indian War
Washington 's party left Fort Le Boeuf early on December 16 and arrived in Williamsburg on January 16 , 1754 . He stated in his report , `` The French had swept south '' , detailing the steps which they had taken to fortify the area , and their intention to fortify the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers .
United States Postal Service
Parcel Post service began with the introduction of International Parcel Post between the USA and foreign countries in 1887 . That same year , the U.S. Post Office ( predecessor of the USPS ) and the Postmaster General of Canada established parcel - post service between the two nations . A bilateral parcel - post treaty between the independent ( at the time ) Kingdom of Hawaii and the USA was signed on 19 December 1888 and put into effect early in 1889 . Parcel - post service between the USA and other countries grew with the signing of successive postal conventions and treaties . While the Post Office agreed to deliver parcels sent into the country under the UPU treaty , it did not institute a domestic parcel - post service for another twenty - five years .
Great Salt Lake
A study in 2010 concluded that the main source of the mercury is likely worldwide industry , rather than local sources . As water levels rise and fall , mercury accumulation does as well . About 16 percent of the mercury comes in from rivers , and 84 percent comes from the atmosphere in a non-toxic , inorganic form . The non-toxic mercury is converted into toxic methyl mercury by bacteria which thrive in the more saline water of the North arm affected by the causeway .
We Are the World
`` We Are the World '' has been performed live by members of USA for Africa on several occasions both together and individually . One of the earliest such performances came in 1985 , during the rock music concert Live Aid , which ended with more than 100 musicians singing the song on stage . Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie made surprise appearances for the live rendition of the song . Michael Jackson would have joined the artists , but was `` working around the clock in the studio on a project that he 's made a major commitment to '' , according to his press agent , Norman Winter .
Dutch elm disease
The University of Minnesota USA is testing various elms , including a huge now - patented century - old survivor known as `` The St. Croix Elm '' , which is located in a Minneapolis - St. Paul , MN suburb ( Afton ) in the St. Croix River valley -- a designated National Scenic Riverway .
Alice (TV series)
Season releases Warner Home Video has released the first four seasons on DVD in Region 1 via their Warner Archive Collection . These are manufacture - on - demand ( MOD ) releases , available through Warner 's online store Warner Archives Collection ( only sold in the USA ) , and also through Oldies.com ( which distributes and sells worldwide ) , and through Amazon and eBay .
Dubuque, Iowa
Dubuque is home to a large number of higher education institutions . Loras College and Clarke University are two of the three both four - year colleges operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque . Protestant colleges in the city include the University of Dubuque , which is associated with the Presbyterian Church ( USA ) , and Emmaus Bible College , connected with the Plymouth Brethren movement . Three theological seminaries operate in the city , St. Pius X Seminary ( Roman Catholic , associated with Loras College ) , the University of Dubuque Theological Seminary ( Presbyterian ) , and Wartburg Theological Seminary ( Lutheran ) . Other schools in the area include Northeast Iowa Community College , which operates its largest campus in nearby Peosta , Iowa , and has a satellite campus in Dubuque , Divine Word College Seminary in Epworth , Iowa and Capri Cosmetology College , in Dubuque .