vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Great Salt Lake
In the two bays that receive most of the lake 's fresh water inflows , Bear River Bay and Farmington Bay , the diversity of organisms is much higher . Salinities in these bays can approach that of fresh water when the spring snow melt occurs , and this allows a variety of bacteria , algae and invertebrates to proliferate in the nutrient - rich water . The abundance of invertebrates such as gnat larvae ( chironomids ) and back swimmers ( Trichocorixa ) are fed upon extensively by the huge shorebird and waterfowl populations that utilize the lake . Fish in these bays are fed upon by diving terns and pelicans .
Hersheypark
Hersheypark features a number of entertainment shows in a number of venues including Hersheypark Amphitheatre and the Music Box Theatre , as well as strolling shows throughout the park. 12 resident shows are offered along with Spring , Summer , Halloween , and Christmas seasonal shows . A popular event offered each year from November to January is Hersheypark 's Christmas Candylane .
The Great Gatsby
Fitzgerald began planning his third novel in June 1922 , but it was interrupted by production of his play , The Vegetable , in the summer and fall . The play failed miserably , and Fitzgerald worked that winter on magazine stories struggling to pay his debt caused by the production . The stories were , in his words , `` all trash and it nearly broke my heart , '' although included among those stories was `` Winter Dreams '' , which Fitzgerald later described as `` a sort of first draft of the Gatsby idea '' .
Desert tortoise
Their activity depends on location , peaking in late spring for the Mojave Desert and in late summer to fall in Sonoran Desert ; some populations exhibit two activity peaks during one year . Desert tortoises hibernate during winters , roughly from November to February -- April . Females begin hibernating later and emerge earlier than males ; juveniles emerge from hibernation earlier than adults .
Illinois
Illinois averages approximately 51 days of thunderstorm activity a year , which ranks somewhat above average in the number of thunderstorm days for the United States . Illinois is vulnerable to tornadoes with an average of 35 occurring annually , which puts much of the state at around five tornadoes per 10,000 square miles ( 30,000 km ) annually . While tornadoes are no more powerful in Illinois than other states , some of Tornado Alley 's deadliest tornadoes on record have occurred in the state . The Tri-State Tornado of 1925 killed 695 people in three states ; 613 of the victims died in Illinois . Other significant high - casualty tornadoes include the 1896 St. Louis -- East St. Louis tornado , which killed 111 people in East St. Louis and a May 1917 tornado that killed 101 people in Charleston and Mattoon . Modern developments in storm forecasting and tracking have caused death tolls from tornadoes to decline dramatically , with the 1967 Belvidere -- Oak Lawn tornado outbreak ( 58 fatalities ) and 1990 Plainfield tornado ( 29 fatalities ) standing out as exceptions . On November 17 , 2013 , an EF4 tornado touched down and ripped through Washington , Illinois . There were three fatalities .
Long Island Sound
The sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa and two species of grass shrimp are plentiful along the shore , especially in late summer and fall . The American lobster is fished commercially . Mammals
Boise, Idaho
Tornadoes are rare in Ada County and the Boise area . Since 1950 , only twelve ( 12 ) tornadoes have been documented within the county , and four of those were during the same storm on August 3 , 2000 , which is also the most recent date a tornado was documented in the area . None of the tornadoes have been ranked higher than an `` F1 '' on the Fujita scale , and no injuries or fatalities were ever documented .
Buckingham Palace
The original early 19th - century interior designs , many of which survive , include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis , on the advice of Sir Charles Long . King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme . Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House . The palace has 775 rooms , and the garden is the largest private garden in London . The state rooms , used for official and state entertaining , are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring .
List of smoking bans in the United States
all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants North Myrtle Beach , March 7 , 2012 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants ; theatrical performances and tobacco bars are exempt from the ordinance ; further exempts use of e-cigarettes Pendleton , February 1 , 2012 , banned in all bars and restaurants , but not in other workplaces Pickens , May 1 , 2009 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants Pine Ridge , January 1 , 2010 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants Quinby , March 1 , 2012 , banned in bars and restaurants but allows workplaces and other privately owned businesses to establish designated break rooms for smoking that are enclosed and separately ventilated from the rest of the establishment in order to be exempt from the law Ravenel , April 27 , 2010 , banned in all bars and restaurants , but not in all other workplaces Richland County , October 1 , 2009 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants Rock Hill , May 1 , 2009 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants Simpsonville , September 1 , 2012 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants South Congaree , May 18 , 2010 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants Spartanburg , September 1 , 2011 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants as well as outdoor functions such as Spring Fling Springdale , January 1 , 2010 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants Sullivan 's Island ,
Oia, Greece
The town is noted for its white and blue domed houses . The houses are painted in white lime water so that the rainwater which falls over it runs down and can be collected . The other reason for painting the houses white is for aesthetic purposes . The other explanation given is that during the Ottoman rule of Greece , which lasted for over 400 years , Greeks were not allowed to fly their white flag . In defiance , in Oia they painted their entire housing complex in white with domes giving the village an effective white perspective and elegance . Impressive houses in the town are those `` cliff houses '' built in the niches carved into the caldera slopes with provision of air - filled pumice which provides insulation benefits to the building , keeping it warm in winter and cool in summer .
Winter Olympic Games
Unlike the Summer Olympics , the cancelled 1940 Winter Olympics and 1944 Winter Olympics are not included in the official Roman numeral counts for the Winter Games . While the official titles of the Summer Games count Olympiads , the titles of the Winter Games only count the Games themselves . Map
History of Native Americans in the United States
They were the earliest ancestors of the Athabascan - speaking peoples , including the present - day and historical Navajo and Apache . They constructed large multi-family dwellings in their villages , which were used seasonally . People did not live there year - round , but for the summer to hunt and fish , and to gather food supplies for the winter . The Oshara Tradition people lived from 5500 BCE to 600 CE . They were part of the Southwestern Archaic Tradition centered in north - central New Mexico , the San Juan Basin , the Rio Grande Valley , southern Colorado , and southeastern Utah .
Lyme disease
Outdoor workers are at risk of Lyme disease if they work at sites with infected ticks . In 2010 , the highest number of confirmed Lyme disease cases were reported from New Jersey , Pennsylvania , Wisconsin , New York , Massachusetts , Connecticut , Minnesota , Maryland , Virginia , New Hampshire , Delaware , and Maine . U.S. workers in the northeastern and north - central States are at highest risk of exposure to infected ticks . Ticks may also transmit other tick - borne diseases to workers in these and other regions of the country . Worksites with woods , bushes , high grass , or leaf litter are likely to have more ticks . Outdoor workers should be most careful to protect themselves in the late spring and summer when young ticks are most active .
Climate of Salt Lake City
Heat returned again in the summer of 2007 , with July 2007 breaking the aforementioned July 2003 record . July 2007 also set the record for the highest average monthly minimum temperature . December 2007 became the third - wettest on record . Snowfall was also abnormally high throughout the winter of 2007 - 2008 as snow came at an unusually frequent pace . Snow totals ended only slightly under the totals of 2003 - 2004 without a major snowstorm to boost the totals . Spring 2008 was once again dry but was very cool . Heat returned that summer once again and July 2008 became the fifth - warmest month on record .
List of smoking bans in the United States
July 20 , 2006 , banned in all bars and restaurants , but not in all other workplaces Summerville , July 12 , 2011 , banned in bars and restaurants , but not in all other workplaces Sumter , April 20 , 2009 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants Surfside Beach , October 1 , 2007 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants Timmonsville , March 1 , 2012 , banned in bars and restaurants but allows workplaces and other privately owned businesses to establish designated break rooms for smoking that are enclosed and separately ventilated from the rest of the establishment in order to be exempt from the law Walterboro , August 1 , 2008 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants West Columbia , June 1 , 2010 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants West Pelzer , July 2 , 2014 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants Yemassee , August 9 , 2013 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including all bars and restaurants York County , May 1 , 2009 , banned in all enclosed workplaces , including bars and restaurants Localities in South Carolina with a smoking ban that does not include all bars and restaurants ( 1 total ) : Liberty , October 9 , 2006 , banned in all restaurants , but not bars or other enclosed workplaces Localities in South Carolina that rejected a smoking ban in some manner ( 2 total ) : North Charleston , May 14 , 2008 , rejected a ban on smoking in enclosed workplaces . Folly Beach , May 28 , 2008 , rejected a ban on smoking in enclosed workplaces .
History of the Islamic Republic of Iran
The two groups differed strongly over economic and foreign policy , with radicals tending to support mass political participation and state control of the economy , and oppose normalization of relations with the West . Conservatives used the power to disqualification candidates from running for office to deal with this problem . `` The Council of Guardians disqualified nearly all radical candidates from the fall 1990 Assembly of Experts elections because they had failed to pass written and oral tests in Islamic jurisprudence . '' In the winter and spring of 1992 nearly one - third of the 3150 candidates for the 1992 election for the parliament were rejected , including 39 incumbents . Leading radicals such as Khalkhali , Nabvi , Bayat , and Hajjat al - Islam Hadi Ghaffari were sent packing because they lacked the `` proper Islamic credentials . ''
First Transcontinental Railroad
Visible remains of the historic line are still easily located -- hundreds of miles are still in service today , especially through the Sierra Nevada Mountains and canyons in Utah and Wyoming . While the original rail has long since been replaced because of age and wear , and the roadbed upgraded and repaired , the lines generally run on top of the original , handmade grade . Vista points on Interstate 80 through California 's Truckee Canyon provide a panoramic view of many miles of the original Central Pacific line and of the snow sheds which made winter train travel safe and practical .
Summer Time in Europe
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia used summer time since 1940 . In 1940 / 1941 and 1941 / 1942 , the summer time was kept continuously even during the winter . The Slovak State during World War II also used summer time .
Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Florida
Anticipating high winds all public school districts south of Marion closed their schools on Monday , October 24 in order to prevent possible harm to county employees and students . The last places to issue this warning sat within the gap between bands as tornadoes were observed as far north as Sumter , Marion , Pasco , and Polk Counties . Schools in Palm Beach and Broward counties were closed for two weeks due to extended power outages and some physical damage to school buildings . Schools in Collier and Miami - Dade counties were closed for a little over a week , including the University of Miami and Barry University .
Southwestern United States
As the US expanded westward , the country 's western border also shifted westward , and consequently , so did the location of the Southwestern and Northwestern United States . In the early years of the United States , newly colonized lands lying immediately west of the Appalachian Mountains were detached from North Carolina and given the name Southwest Territory . During the decades that followed , the region known as `` the Southwestern United States '' covered much of the Deep South east of the Mississippi River .
Great Lakes
In the 19th century and early 20th centuries , iron and other ores such as copper were shipped south on ( downbound ships ) , and supplies , food , and coal were shipped north ( upbound ) . Because of the location of the coal fields in Pennsylvania and West Virginia , and the general northeast track of the Appalachian Mountains , railroads naturally developed shipping routes that went due north to ports such as Erie , Pennsylvania and Ashtabula , Ohio .
Midwestern United States
American settlement began either via routes over the Appalachian Mountains or through the waterways of the Great Lakes . Fort Pitt ( now Pittsburgh ) at the source of the Ohio River became the main base for settlers moving into the Midwest . Marietta , Ohio in 1787 became the first settlement in Ohio , but not until the defeat of Indian tribes at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 was large - scale settlement possible . Large numbers also came north from Kentucky into southern Ohio , Indiana and Illinois .
Trail of Tears
There were some exceptions to removal . Approximately 100 Cherokees evaded the U.S. soldiers and lived off the land in Georgia and other states . Those Cherokees who lived on private , individually owned lands ( rather than communally owned tribal land ) were not subject to removal . In North Carolina , about 400 Cherokees , known as the Oconaluftee Cherokee , lived on land in the Great Smoky Mountains owned by a white man named William Holland Thomas ( who had been adopted by Cherokees as a boy ) , and were thus not subject to removal . Added to this were some 200 Cherokee from the Nantahala area allowed to stay in the Qualla Boundary after assisting the U.S. Army in hunting down and capturing the family of the old prophet , Tsali ( who faced a firing squad after capture ) . These North Carolina Cherokees became the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Nation .
Sahara
The desert comprises much of North Africa , excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast , the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb , and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan . It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west , where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains . To the south , it is bounded by the Sahel , a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa . The Sahara can be divided into several regions including : the western Sahara , the central Ahaggar Mountains , the Tibesti Mountains , the Aïr Mountains , the Ténéré desert , and the Libyan Desert .
Gulf of Mexico
The consensus among geologists who have studied the geology of the Gulf of Mexico , is that prior to the Late Triassic , the Gulf of Mexico did not exist . Before the Late Triassic , the area now occupied by the Gulf of Mexico consisted of dry land , which included continental crust that now underlies Yucatán , within the middle of the large supercontinent of Pangea . This land lay south of a continuous mountain range that extended from north - central Mexico , through the Marathon Uplift in West Texas and the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma , and to Alabama where it linked directly to the Appalachian Mountains . It was created by the collision of continental plates that formed Pangea . As interpreted by Roy Van Arsdale and Randel T. Cox , this mountain range was breached in Late Cretaceous times by the formation of the Mississippi Embayment .
The whole nine yards
In other uses from this time period , the phrase was given as the whole six yards . In 1912 , a local newspaper in Kentucky asked readers to , `` Just wait boys until the fix gets to a fever heat and they will tell the whole six yards . '' The same newspaper repeated the phrase soon afterward in another issue , stating `` As we have been gone for a few days and failed to get all the news for this issue we will give you the whole six yards in our next . '' The six - yard form of the phrase also appears in a 1921 headline in a local South Carolina paper .
Virunga National Park
The park was created in 1925 by King Albert I of Belgium as the first national park on the continent of Africa . It was founded primarily to protect the mountain gorillas living in the forests of the Virunga Mountains controlled by the Belgian Congo , but later expanded north to include the Rwindi Plains , Lake Edward and the Rwenzori Mountains in the far north . Juvenile
Virunga National Park
The Virunga National Park ( French : Parc National des Virunga ) , formerly named Albert National Park , is a 7,800 - square - kilometre ( 3,000 sq mi ) National Park that stretches from the Virunga Mountains in the south , to the Rwenzori Mountains in the north , in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo , bordering Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda and Rwenzori Mountains National Park and Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda .
History of Pennsylvania
Penn died in 1718 , and was succeeded as proprietor of the colony by his sons . While Penn had won the respect of the Lenape for his honest dealing , Penn 's sons and agents were less sensitive to Native American concerns . The 1737 Walking Purchase expanded the colony , but caused a decline in relations with the Lenape . Pennsylvania continued to expand and settle in the areas to the West until the Royal Proclamation of 1763 , which forbade all settlers from settling on the western side of the Appalachian Mountains . Meanwhile , Philadelphia became an important port and trading center . The University of Pennsylvania was founded during this period , and Benjamin Franklin established various other organizations such as the American Philosophical Society , the Union Fire Company , and the Pennsylvania Abolition Society . By the start of the American Revolution , Philadelphia was the largest city in British North America . The
Plate tectonics
By 1915 , after having published a first article in 1912 , Alfred Wegener was making serious arguments for the idea of continental drift in the first edition of The Origin of Continents and Oceans . In that book ( re-issued in four successive editions up to the final one in 1936 ) , he noted how the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa looked as if they were once attached . Wegener was not the first to note this ( Abraham Ortelius , Antonio Snider - Pellegrini , Eduard Suess , Roberto Mantovani and Frank Bursley Taylor preceded him just to mention a few ) , but he was the first to marshal significant fossil and paleo - topographical and climatological evidence to support this simple observation ( and was supported in this by researchers such as Alex du Toit ) . Furthermore , when the rock strata of the margins of separate continents are very similar it suggests that these rocks were formed in the same way , implying that they were joined initially . For instance , parts of Scotland and Ireland contain rocks very similar to those found in Newfoundland and New Brunswick . Furthermore , the Caledonian Mountains of Europe and parts of the Appalachian Mountains of North America are very similar in structure and lithology .
Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains extend about 2,500 km ( 1,600 mi ) from the Kara Sea to the Kazakh Steppe along the northern border of Kazakhstan . Vaygach Island and the island of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain on the north . Geographically this range marks the northern part of the border between the continents of Europe and Asia . Its highest peak is Mount Narodnaya , approximately 1,895 m ( 6,217 ft ) in elevation . Yugyd
Moose
After expanding for most of the 20th century , the moose population of North America has been in steep decline since the 1990s . Populations expanded greatly with improved habitat and protection , but for unknown reasons , the moose population is declining rapidly . In North America , the moose range includes almost all of Canada ( excluding the arctic and Vancouver Island ) , most of Alaska , northern New England and upstate New York , the upper Rocky Mountains , northern Minnesota , Michigan 's Upper Peninsula , and Isle Royale in Lake Superior . This massive range , containing diverse habitats , contains four of the six North American subspecies . In the West , moose populations extend well north into Canada ( British Columbia and Alberta ) , and more isolated groups have been verified as far south as the mountains of Utah and Colorado and as far west as the Lake Wenatchee area of the Washington Cascades . The range includes Wyoming , Montana , Idaho , and smaller areas of Washington and Oregon . Moose have extended their range southwards in the western Rocky Mountains , with initial sightings in Yellowstone National Park in 1868 , and then to the northern slope of the Uinta Mountains in Utah in the first half of the twentieth century . This is the southernmost naturally established moose population in the United States . In 1978 , a few breeding pairs were reintroduced in western Colorado , and the state 's moose population is now more than 1,000 .
Economy of India
Never talk to me about profit , Jeh , it is a dirty word . --
North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball
North Carolina played its first basketball game on January 27 , 1910 , beating Virginia Christian 42 - 21 . In 1921 , the school joined the Southern Conference . The 1924 Tar Heels squad went 26 -- 0 , and was retroactively awarded the national championship by the Helms Athletic Foundation in 1943 and later by the Premo - Porretta Power Poll . Overall , the Tar Heels played 32 seasons in the Southern Conference from 1921 to 1953 . During that period they won 304 games and lost 111 for a winning percentage of 73.3 % . The Tar Heels won the Southern Conference regular season 9 times and the Southern Conference Tournament Championship 8 times .