vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Lake District
Cycling and horse riding are allowed on bridleways , but cyclists must give way to all other users . Motor vehicles are only allowed on `` byways open to all traffic '' ( green lanes ) but in practice Traffic Regulation Orders have been brought in on several prohibiting motor traffic , although a system of permits operates on Gatesgarth Pass .
Cinderella
The Conclusion : In the German version of the story , the evil stepsisters are punished for their deception by having their eyes pecked out by birds . In other versions , they are forgiven , and made ladies - in - waiting with marriages to lesser lords .
United States Navy Reserve
United States Navy reservists are allowed to serve simultaneously in the United States Navy Reserve and in the naval militia of their state of residence ; however , when called into federal service , reservists are relieved from service and duty in the naval militia until released from active duty .
Turn on red
Right turns on red are permitted in many regions of North America . While Western states have allowed it for more than 50 years ; eastern states amended their traffic laws to allow it in the 1970s as a fuel - saving measure in response to motor fuel shortages in 1973 . The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 required in § 362 ( c ) ( 5 ) that in order for a state to receive federal assistance in developing mandated conservation programs , they must permit right turns on red lights . All 50 states , the District of Columbia , Guam , and Puerto Rico have allowed right turns on red since 1980 , except where prohibited by a sign or where right turns are controlled by dedicated traffic lights . ( On January 1 , 1980 , Massachusetts became the last US state to allow right turns on red . ) The few exceptions include New York City , where right turns on red are prohibited , unless a sign indicates otherwise .
Cigarette
Beginning on April 1 , 1998 , the sale of cigarettes and other tobacco products to people under the state purchase age has been prohibited by law in all 50 states of the United States . The purchasing age in the United States is 18 in 44 of the 50 states -- but 19 in Alabama , Alaska , New Jersey , Utah , and Nassau , Suffolk , and Onondaga Counties in New York , and 21 in California , Hawaii , and more than 180 municipalities across the nation . The intended effect of this is to prevent older high school students from purchasing cigarettes for their younger peers . In Massachusetts , parents and guardians are allowed to give cigarettes to minors , but sales to minors are prohibited .
Maldives
Human rights in the Maldives is a contentious issue . In its 2011 Freedom in the World report , Freedom House declared the Maldives `` Partly Free '' , claiming a reform process which had made headway in 2009 and 2010 had stalled . The United States Bureau of Democracy , Human Rights and Labor claims in their 2012 report on human rights practices in the country that the most significant problems are corruption , lack of religious freedom , and abuse and unequal treatment of women . In February 2013 , the court sentenced a 15 - year - old rape victim to 100 lashes and 8 months of house arrest for having had extra-marital relations . The conviction was based on the confession of the girl shortly after being raped by her stepfather Same - sex relations are illegal in the Maldives .
Facial hair in the military
In the Italian armed forces , beards or moustaches are allowed , but well taken care of it ; without beards , the sideburns should reach the middle of the tragus . In the various branches of the police , same specific law is in force . Stubble is permitted outside of ceremonial occasions .
Democratic Party (United States)
Studies have shown that younger voters tend to vote mostly for Democratic candidates in recent years . Despite supporting Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush , the young have voted in favor of the Democratic presidential candidate in every election since Bill Clinton in 1992 , and are more likely to identify as liberals than the general population . In the 2004 presidential election , Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry received 54 % of the vote from voters of the age group 18 -- 29 , while Republican George W. Bush received 45 % of the vote from the same age group . In the 2006 midterm elections , the Democrats received 60 % of the vote from the same age group . Polls suggest that younger voters tend to be more liberal than the general population and have more liberal views than the public on same - sex marriage and universal healthcare , helping Barack Obama carry 66 % of their votes in 2008 . The Young Democrats of America are an affiliated organization of members of the party younger than 36 that advocates for youth issues and works for youth voter turnout .
American Equal Rights Association
The majority of the attendees supported the pending Fifteenth Amendment , but debate was contentious . Douglass said , `` I do not see how anyone can pretend that there is the same urgency in giving the ballot to woman as to the negro . With us , the matter is a question of life and death , at least in fifteen States of the Union . '' Anthony replied , `` Mr. Douglass talks about the wrongs of the negro ; but with all the outrages that he to - day suffers , he would not exchange his sex and take the place of Elizabeth Cady Stanton . ''
Asexual reproduction
Bdelloid rotifers reproduce exclusively asexually , and all individuals in the class Bdelloidea are females . Asexuality evolved in these animals millions of years ago and has persisted since . There is evidence to suggest that asexual reproduction has allowed the animals to evolve new proteins through the Meselson effect that have allowed them to survive better in periods of dehydration .
History of evolutionary thought
However , contrary to the expectations of the Red Queen hypothesis , Hanley et al. found that the prevalence , abundance and mean intensity of mites was significantly higher in sexual geckos than in asexuals sharing the same habitat . Furthermore , Parker , after reviewing numerous genetic studies on plant disease resistance , failed to find a single example consistent with the concept that pathogens are the primary selective agent responsible for sexual reproduction in their host . At an even more fundamental level , Heng and Gorelick and Heng reviewed evidence that sex , rather than enhancing diversity , acts as a constraint on genetic diversity . They considered that sex acts as a coarse filter , weeding out major genetic changes , such as chromosomal rearrangements , but permitting minor variation , such as changes at the nucleotide or gene level ( that are often neutral ) to pass through the sexual sieve . The adaptive function of sex , today , remains a major unresolved issue in biology . The competing models to explain the adaptive function of sex were reviewed by Birdsell and Wills . A principal alternative view to the Red Queen hypothesis is that sex arose , and is maintained , as a process for repairing DNA damage , and that genetic variation is produced as a byproduct .
Sex offender
Chemical castration is used in some countries and states to treat male sex offenders . Unlike physical castration , it is reversible by stopping the medication . For male sex offenders with severe or extreme paraphilias , physical castration appears to be effective . It results in a 20 - year re-offense rate of less than 2.3 percent ( versus 80 percent in the untreated control group ) , according to a large 1963 study involving a total of 1036 sex offenders by the German researcher A. Langelüddeke . This was much lower than otherwise expected , compared with overall sex offender recidivism rates . Although considered cruel and unusual punishment by many , physical castration does not otherwise affect the lifespan of men ( compared with uncastrated men ) .
Name change
If an obvious writing error is made while registering the name of the child . In the first year after a person reaches the age of majority ( 18 years ) , they can request a change in their first names , but modification of surnames is not allowed . If a person 's name exposes them to ridicule and harms their everyday well - being . If a person is recognized publicly by another name , they can request a name change or addition , by providing as support three testimonials of the change in name . If a person has undergone a sex change , recent jurisprudence has allowed name modifications in most such cases .
United States embargo against Cuba
At present , the embargo , which limits American businesses from conducting business with Cuban interests , is still in effect and is the most enduring trade embargo in modern history . Despite the existence of the embargo , the United States is the fifth largest exporter to Cuba ( 6.6 % of Cuba 's imports are from the US ) . Cuba must , however , pay cash for all imports , as credit is not allowed .
Facial hair in the military
Beards and sideburns are banned in all military and police forces since the early 20th century . A clean - shaved face is considered part of a spirit of order , hygiene and discipline . Stubble is also considered unacceptable and controlled with severity . Well - trimmed moustaches are allowed in most of these branches , although in some cases this is a privilege of officers and sub-officers , and it 's not allowed to be grown while on duty .
Obesity in the United States
The obesity rate for Asian adults ( over 30 BMI ) in the US in 2015 was 10.7 % . No breakdown by sex was given for Asian adults in the CDC figures . Hispanic
Sales taxes in the United States
City governments are allowed a maximum of 2 % sales tax for use by the local government . Tribal governments are allowed to charge a higher local government tax rate , as they have a special agreement with the State of South Dakota .
Augusten Burroughs
In a January 2005 interview , reflecting on his life with his then partner , graphic designer Dennis Pilsits , Burroughs said paying tax should allow same - sex couples full legal entitlements :
Taxation in the United States
The federal income tax enacted in 1913 included corporate and individual income taxes . It defined income using language from prior laws , incorporated in the Sixteenth Amendment , as `` all income from whatever source derived '' . The tax allowed deductions for business expenses , but few non-business deductions . In 1918 the income tax law was expanded to include a foreign tax credit and more comprehensive definitions of income and deduction items . Various aspects of the present system of definitions were expanded through 1926 , when U.S. law was organized as the United States Code . Income , estate , gift , and excise tax provisions , plus provisions relating to tax returns and enforcement , were codified as Title 26 , also known as the Internal Revenue Code . This was reorganized and somewhat expanded in 1954 , and remains in the same general form .
Civil Rights Act of 1964
In the early 1980s , the EEOC and some federal courts began holding that sexual harassment is also prohibited under the Act . In 1986 , the Supreme Court held in Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson , 477 U.S. 57 ( 1986 ) , that sexual harassment is sex discrimination and is prohibited by Title VII . Same - sex sexual harassment has also been held in a unanimous decision written by Justice Scalia to be prohibited by Title VII ( Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services , Inc. , 523 U.S. 75 ( 1998 ) , 118 S. Ct. 998 ) .
Caste system in India
The Sikh literature from the Islamic rule and British colonial era mention Varna as Varan , and Jati as Zat or Zat - biradari . Eleanor Nesbitt , a professor of Religion and author of books on Sikhism , states that the Varan is described as a class system , while Zat has some caste system features in Sikh literature . In theory , Nesbitt states Sikh literature does not recognise caste hierarchy or differences . In practice , states Nesbitt , widespread endogamy practice among Sikhs has been prevalent in modern times , and poorer Sikhs of disadvantaged castes continue to gather in their own places of worship . Most Sikh families , writes Nesbitt , continue to check the caste of any prospective marriage partner for their children . She notes that all Gurus of Sikhs married within their Zat , and they did not condemn or break with the convention of endogamous marriages for their own children or Sikhs in general .
Facial hair in the military
Beards are not allowed in the Syrian Army . Trimmed moustaches , however , are allowed .
Metrication in the United States
Clothing is measured in inches , not centimeters . American shoes sizes are measured on different scales for children , men , and women but all sizes are derived from inches . Major multi-national apparel brands including Nike , Adidas , Hanes , and Levi s often sell the same inventory worldwide , with tags containing both SI and customary units in addition to laundry care symbols and instructions in many languages .
Cuba–Soviet Union relations
In 1962 the Soviets created a SIGINT facility in Lourdes , just south of Havana . The SIGINT facility at Lourdes was among the most significant intelligence collection capabilities targeting the United States . It allowed the Soviets to monitor all U.S. military and civilian geosynchronous communications satellites .
Voting rights in the United States
More than 40 states or territories , including colonies before the Declaration of Independence , have at some time allowed noncitizens who satisfied residential requirements to vote in some or all elections . This in part reflected the strong continuing immigration to the United States . Some cities like Chicago , towns or villages ( in Maryland ) today allow noncitizen residents to vote in school or local elections . In 1875 , the Supreme Court in Minor v. Happersett noted that `` citizenship has not in all cases been made a condition precedent to the enjoyment of the right of suffrage . Thus , in Missouri , persons of foreign birth , who have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States , may under certain circumstances vote '' . Federal law prohibits noncitizens from voting in federal elections .
History of women in the United States
Employment discrimination against women began to be taken more seriously in the late 1960s . In 1967 , President Lyndon Johnson issued Executive Order 11375 , which declared that federal employers must take affirmative action to ensure that employees receive equal treatment and opportunities regardless of gender , race , color , or religion . In 1968 the EEOC , following two years of protests by NOW , banned all help wanted ads which specified which sex a job applicant should be , except those jobs for which being a certain sex was a bona fide occupational requirement ( such as actress ) , opening many hitherto unattainable jobs to women . The Supreme Court ruled the ban legal in Pittsburgh Press Co. v Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations , 413 U.S. 376 ( 1973 ) .
Cousin marriage
Cousin marriages in the United Kingdom include Charles Darwin , Queen Victoria and John Granville Harkness .
Tina Turner
That year , Tina traveled to London to participate in the filming of the rock musical , Tommy , in which she played The Acid Queen , a drug - addicted prostitute who tries to coax Tommy into sex and illegal drug addiction and sang the song of the same name . Turner 's performance was critically acclaimed . Shortly after filming wrapped , Turner appeared with Ann - Margret on her TV special in London . Returning to the United States , Turner continued her career with the Revue . Following the release of Tommy , another Turner solo album , Acid Queen , was released in 1975 .
Obesity in the United States
The obesity rate for American Indian or Alaska Native adults ( over 30 BMI ) in the US in 2015 was 42.9 % . No breakdown by sex was given for American Indian or Alaska Native adults in the CDC figures . Asian
Monarchy of the United Kingdom
At first , every member of the Commonwealth retained the same monarch as the United Kingdom , but when the Dominion of India became a republic in 1950 , it would no longer share in a common monarchy . Instead , the British monarch was acknowledged as `` Head of the Commonwealth '' in all Commonwealth member states , whether they were realms or republics . The position is purely ceremonial , and is not inherited by the British monarch as of right but is vested in an individual chosen by the Commonwealth heads of government . Member states of the Commonwealth that share the same person as monarch are known as Commonwealth realms .
San Jose, California
The census reported that 932,620 people ( 98.6 % of the population ) lived in households , 9,542 ( 1.0 % ) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters , and 3,780 ( 0.4 % ) were institutionalized . There were 301,366 households , out of which 122,958 ( 40.8 % ) had children under the age of 18 living in them , 162,819 ( 54.0 % ) were opposite - sex married couples living together , 37,988 ( 12.6 % ) had a female householder with no husband present , 18,702 ( 6.2 % ) had a male householder with no wife present . There were 16,900 ( 5.6 % ) unmarried opposite - sex partnerships , and 2,458 ( 0.8 % ) same - sex married couples or partnerships . 59,385 households ( 19.7 % ) were made up of individuals and 18,305 ( 6.1 % ) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older . The average household size was 3.09 . There were 219,509 families ( 72.8 % of all households ) ; the average family size was 3.54 .
Obesity in the United States
The obesity rate for Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander adults ( over 30 BMI ) in the US in 2015 was 33.4 % . No breakdown by sex was given for Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander adults in the CDC figures .
Territorial evolution of the United States
The Banco Convention of 1905 between the United States and Mexico allowed , in the event of sudden changes in the course of the Rio Grande ( as by flooding ) , for the border to be altered to follow the new course . The sudden changes often created bancos , land left behind when curves in the river are cut off by rapid erosion of the channel or are intentionally cut to re-align it . When these bancos are created , the International Boundary and Water Commission investigates if land previously belonging to the United States or Mexico is to be considered on the other side of the border . In all cases of these adjustments under the 1905 convention , which occurred on 37 different dates from 1910 to 1976 , the transferred land was minuscule ( ranging in size from 1 acre to 646 acres ) and uninhabited .
Name change
Individuals may legally change their name through the state and territory governments of Australia according to state or territory laws and regulations via agencies generally titled `` Registry of Births , Deaths and Marriages '' . Exceptions exist for some states such as restricted persons ( e.g. jail inmate ) and in some states , changes may only be made once a year .
Adolescence
During childhood , siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system . Adolescence may affect this relationship differently , depending on sibling gender . In same - sex sibling pairs , intimacy increases during early adolescence , then remains stable . Mixed - sex siblings pairs act differently ; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years , but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence . Sibling interactions are children 's first relational experiences , the ones that shape their social and self - understanding for life . Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways . Siblings are able to act as peers , and may increase one another 's sociability and feelings of self - worth . Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings , although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling .
Driver's licenses in the United States
Because there is no national identity card in the United States , the driver 's license is often used as the de facto equivalent for completion of many common business and governmental transactions . As a result , driver 's licenses are the focus of many kinds of identity theft . Driver 's licenses were not always identification cards . In many states , driver 's licenses did not even have a photograph well into the 1980s . Activism by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving organization for the use of photo ID age verification in conjunction with increasing the drinking age to 21 in order to reduce underage drinking led to photographs being added to all state licenses . New York and Tennessee were the last states to add photos in 1986 . However , New Jersey later allowed drivers to get non-photo licenses ; this was later revoked . Vermont license holders have the option of receiving a non-photo license . All Tennessee drivers aged 60 years of age or older had the option of a non-photo driver 's license prior to January 2013 , when photo licenses were required for voting identification . All people with valid non-photo licenses will be allowed to get a photo license when their current license expires . Thirteen states allow the option of a non-photo driver 's license for reasons of religious belief : Arkansas , Indiana , Kansas , Minnesota , Missouri , Nebraska , New Jersey , North Dakota , Oregon , Pennsylvania , Tennessee , Washington , and Wisconsin .
Taco Bell
Taco Bell has fourteen stores in Chile , thirteen of which are operated in conjunction ( and in the same facilities ) with Pizza Hut . All Taco Bell stores are in shopping malls located mainly in Santiago .
American Equal Rights Association
The American Equal Rights Association ( AERA ) was formed in 1866 in the United States . According to its constitution , its purpose was `` to secure Equal Rights to all American citizens , especially the right of suffrage , irrespective of race , color or sex . '' Some of the more prominent reform activists of that time were members , including women and men , blacks and whites .
McCulloch v. Maryland
McCulloch v. Maryland , 17 U.S. ( 4 Wheat . ) 316 ( 1819 ) , was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States . The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland . Though the law , by its language , was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland , the Second Bank of the United States was the only out - of - state bank then existing in Maryland , and the law was recognized in the court 's opinion as having specifically targeted the Bank of the United States . The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution , which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution 's list of express powers , provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution .
Eukaryote
The evolution of sexual reproduction may be a primordial and fundamental characteristic of eukaryotes . Based on a phylogenetic analysis , Dacks and Roger proposed that facultative sex was present in the common ancestor of all eukaryotes . A core set of genes that function in meiosis is present in both Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis , two organisms previously thought to be asexual . Since these two species are descendants of lineages that diverged early from the eukaryotic evolutionary tree , it was inferred that core meiotic genes , and hence sex , were likely present in a common ancestor of all eukaryotes . Eukaryotic species once thought to be asexual , such as parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania , have been shown to have a sexual cycle . Also , evidence now indicates that amoebae , previously regarded as asexual , are anciently sexual and that the majority of present - day asexual groups likely arose recently and independently .