vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Battle of Fort Sumter
Lincoln 's notification had been made to the governor of South Carolina , not the new Confederate government , which Lincoln did not recognize . Pickens consulted with Beauregard , the local Confederate commander . Soon President Davis ordered Beauregard to repeat the demand for Sumter 's surrender , and if it did not , to reduce the fort before the relief expedition arrived . The Confederate cabinet , meeting in Montgomery , endorsed Davis 's order on April 9 . Only Secretary of State Robert Toombs opposed this decision : he reportedly told Jefferson Davis the attack `` will lose us every friend at the North . You will only strike a hornet 's nest ... Legions now quiet will swarm out and sting us to death . It is unnecessary . It puts us in the wrong . It is fatal . ''
Cold War
Escalating the scale of American intervention in the ongoing conflict between Ngô Đình Diệm 's South Vietnamese government and the communist National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam ( NLF ) insurgents opposing it , Johnson deployed some 575,000 troops in Southeast Asia to defeat the NLF and their North Vietnamese allies in the Vietnam War , but his costly policy weakened the US economy and , by 1975 , it ultimately culminated in what most of the world saw as a humiliating defeat of the world 's most powerful superpower at the hands of one of the world 's poorest nations . Chilean
War for the Planet of the Apes
In interviews for Dawn , Reeves talked about the inevitable war Caesar would have with the humans : `` As this story continues , we know that war is not avoided by the end of Dawn . That is going to take us into the world of what he is grappling with . Where he is going to be thrust into circumstances that he never , ever wanted to deal with , and was hoping he could avoid . And now he is right in the middle of it . The things that happen in that story test him in huge ways , in the ways in which his relationship with Koba haunts him deeply . It 's going to be an epic story . I think you 've probably read that I sort of described it where in the first film was very much about his rise from humble beginnings to being a revolutionary . The second movie was about having to rise to the challenge of being a great leader in the most difficult of times . This is going to be the story that is going to cement his status as a seminal figure in ape history , and sort of leads to an almost biblical status . He is going to become like a mythic ape figure , like Moses . ''
American Civil War
The Birth of a Nation ( 1915 , US ) The General ( 1926 , US ) Gone with the Wind ( 1939 , US ) The Red Badge of Courage ( 1951 , US ) The Horse Soldiers ( 1959 , US ) Shenandoah ( 1965 , US ) The Good , the Bad and the Ugly ( 1966 , Italy - Spain - FRG ) The Beguiled ( 1971 , US ) Glory ( 1989 , US ) The Civil War ( 1990 , US ) Gettysburg ( 1993 , US ) The Last Outlaw ( 1993 , US ) Cold Mountain ( 2003 , US ) Gods and Generals ( 2003 , US ) North and South ( miniseries ) Lincoln ( 2012 , US ) 12 Years a Slave ( 2012 , US ) Free State of Jones ( 2016 , US ) The Gettysburg Address ( 2017 , US )
I Am Woman
Reddy disputes Burton 's claims . `` There was a buyout 25 or 30 years ago , '' she told Sunday Magazine . `` Neither of us had any idea the song would become what it became . About 10 years ago he got in touch with me because he was in financial difficulties . I felt sorry for him and reinstated his songwriter royalties . His passport problems ended any hope he had of a career in the States and somehow that bitterness got transferred to me . I wish him well . I bear him no animosity . ''
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
The U.S. realized that the South Vietnamese government needed a solid base of popular support if it were to survive the insurgency . To pursue this goal of winning the `` Hearts and Minds '' of the Vietnamese people , units of the United States Army , referred to as `` Civil Affairs '' units , were used extensively for the first time since World War II .
United States home front during World War II
Hollywood studios also went all - out for the war effort , as studios encouraged their stars ( such as Clark Gable and James Stewart ) to enlist . Hollywood had military units that made training films -- Ronald Reagan narrated many of them . Most of all Hollywood made hundreds of war movies that , in coordination with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) , taught Americans what was happening and who the heroes and the villains were . Ninety million people went to the movies every week . Some of the most highly regarded films during this period included Casablanca , Mrs. Miniver , Going My Way , and Yankee Doodle Dandy . Even before active American involvement in the war , the popular Three Stooges comic trio were lampooning the Nazi German leadership , and Nazis in general , with a number of short subject films , starting with You Nazty Spy ! in January 1940 , nearly two years before the United States was drawn into World War II .
American Indian Wars
Beaver Wars ( 1609 -- 1701 ) between the Haudenosaunee , and the French , who allied with the Algonquians Anglo - Powhatan Wars ( 1610 -- 14 , 1622 -- 32 , 1644 -- 46 ) , including the 1622 Jamestown Massacre , between English colonists and the Powhatan Confederacy in the colony of Virginia Pequot War of 1636 - 38 between the Pequot tribe and English colonists ( together with their allies the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes ) in what are today Massachusetts and Connecticut Kieft 's War ( 1643 -- 45 ) in the Dutch territory of New Netherland ( modern - day New Jersey and New York ) between Dutch colonists and the Lenape people Peach Tree War ( 1655 ) large scale attack by the Susquehannock Nation and allied Native Americans on several New Netherland settlements along the Hudson River Esopus Wars ( 1659 -- 1663 ) conflicts between the indigenous Esopus tribe of Lenape Indians and colonialist New Netherlanders during the latter half of the 17th century in what is now Ulster County , New York King Philip 's War ( 1675 -- 78 ) across much of New England and the Saint Lawrence River Valley ( modern - day Quebec ) , fought between English colonists and their allies the Iroquois Confederacy versus French colonists and their allies the Wabanaki Confederacy Tuscarora War ( 1711 -- 15 ) in English North Carolina Yamasee War ( 1715 -- 17 ) in English South Carolina Dummer 's War ( 1722 -- 25 ) in northern New England and French Acadia ( modern - day New Brunswick and Nova Scotia ) Pontiac 's War ( 1763 -- 66 ) in the Great Lakes region Lord Dunmore 's War ( 1774 ) in western Virginia ( modern - day Kentucky and West Virginia )
Southern United States
Two major political issues that festered in the first half of the 19th century caused political alignment along sectional lines , strengthened the identities of North and South as distinct regions with certain strongly opposed interests , and fed the arguments over states ' rights that culminated in secession and the Civil War . One of these issues concerned the protective tariffs enacted to assist the growth of the manufacturing sector , primarily in the North . In 1832 , in resistance to federal legislation increasing tariffs , South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification , a procedure in which a state would , in effect , repeal a Federal law . Soon a naval flotilla was sent to Charleston harbor , and the threat of landing ground troops was used to compel the collection of tariffs . A compromise was reached by which the tariffs would be gradually reduced , but the underlying argument over states ' rights continued to escalate in the following decades . Horse
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg ( locally / ˈɡɛtɪsbɜːrɡ / ( listen ) , with an / s / sound ) was fought July 1 -- 3 , 1863 , in and around the town of Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War . The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war 's turning point . Union Maj. Gen. George Meade 's Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia , halting Lee 's invasion of the North .
United Kingdom and the American Civil War
The dispute continued for years after the war . After Palmerston 's death , Prime Minister Gladstone agreed to include the US war claims in treaty discussions on other pending issues , such as fishing rights and border disputes . In 1872 , pursuant to the resultant Treaty of Washington , an international arbitration board awarded $15,500,000 to the US , and the British apologized for the destruction caused by the British - built Confederate ships but admitted no guilt .
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
U.S. Congressional opposition to American involvement in wars and interventions 1812 North America House Federalists ' Address 1847 Mexican -- American War Spot Resolutions 1917 World War I Filibuster of the Armed Ship Bill 1935 -- 1939 Neutrality Acts 1935 -- 1940 Ludlow Amendment 1970 Vietnam McGovern -- Hatfield Amendment 1970 Southeast Asia Cooper -- Church Amendment 1971 Vietnam Repeal of Tonkin Gulf Resolution 1973 Southeast Asia Case -- Church Amendment 1973 War Powers Resolution Hughes -- Ryan Amendment 1976 Angola Clark Amendment 1982 Nicaragua Boland Amendment 2007 Iraq House Concurrent Resolution 63 See
Military history of the United States
The Vietnam War was a war fought between 1955 and 1975 on the ground in South Vietnam and bordering areas of Cambodia and Laos ( see Secret War ) and in the strategic bombing ( see Operation Rolling Thunder ) of North Vietnam . American advisors came in the late 1950s to help the RVN ( Republic of Vietnam ) combat Communist insurgents known as `` Viet Cong . '' Major American military involvement began in 1964 , after Congress provided President Lyndon B. Johnson with blanket approval for presidential use of force in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution .
Conclusion of the American Civil War
The Confederate District of the Gulf was commanded by Major General Dabney Herndon Maury . On April 12 Maury retreated with his troops after the two major Confederate forts of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely were lost to the Union forces . He declared Mobile , Alabama , an open city after these battles . Maury went to Meridian , Mississippi , with his remaining men . He wanted to join the remains of the Army of Tennessee in North Carolina . However , hearing of Johnston 's surrender to Sherman on April 26 he soon ran out of options . Ultimately Maury surrendered Mobile 's about four thousand men to the Union army on May 5 at Citronelle , Alabama .
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
The media also played a substantial role in the polarization of American opinion regarding the Vietnam War . For example , In 1965 a majority of the media attention focused on military tactics with very little discussion about the necessity for a full scale intervention in Southeast Asia . After 1965 , the media covered the dissent and domestic controversy that existed within the United States , but mostly excluded the actual view of dissidents and resisters .
Australian Army during World War II
In October 1942 , the 9th Division and the RAAF squadrons in the area took part in the Second Battle of El Alamein . After a lengthy period of preparation , the Eighth Army launched its major offensive on 23 October . The 9th Division was involved in some of the heaviest fighting of the battle , and its advance in the coast area succeeded in drawing away enough German forces for the heavily reinforced 2nd New Zealand Division to decisively break though the Axis lines on the night of 1 / 2 November . The 9th Division suffered a high number of casualties during this battle and did not take part in the pursuit of the retreating Axis forces . During the battle the Australian Government requested that the division be returned to Australia as it was not possible to provide enough reinforcements to sustain it , and this was agreed to by the British and US governments in late November . The 9th Division left Egypt for Australia in January 1943 , ending the AIF 's involvement in the war in North Africa .
Isoroku Yamamoto's sleeping giant quote
I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve .
The Raven That Refused to Sing (And Other Stories)
`` Drive Home '' is based on a suggestion from illustrator Hajo Mueller . It is `` about a couple driving along in a car at night , very much in love ; the guy is driving , and his partner -- his wife or girlfriend or whoever she is -- is in the passenger seat , and the next minute she 's gone . '' The ghost of the man 's partner eventually returns , `` saying , ' I 'm going to remind you now what happened that night . ' There was a terrible car accident , and she died , etcetera , etcetera -- again , the idea of trauma leading to a missing part of this guy 's life . He ca n't deal with the reality of what happened , so he blocks it out -- like taking a piece of tape and editing a big chunk out of it . ''
History of democracy
The end of the First World War was a temporary victory for democracy in Europe , as it was preserved in France and temporarily extended to Germany . Already in 1906 full modern democratic rights , universal suffrage for all citizens was implemented constitutionally in Finland as well as a proportional representation , open list system . Likewise , the February Revolution in Russia in 1917 inaugurated a few months of liberal democracy under Alexander Kerensky until Lenin took over in October . The terrible economic impact of the Great Depression hurt democratic forces in many countries . The 1930s became a decade of dictators in Europe and Latin America .
A Series of Unfortunate Events
The author of the series , Daniel Handler ( who uses the pseudonym Lemony Snicket ) , has said in an interview with The A.V. Club that he decided to write a children 's story when he was trying to find a publisher for his first novel , The Basic Eight . One of the publishers , HarperCollins , passed on The Basic Eight , but they were interested in him writing a story for children . Handler thought it was a terrible idea at first , but met with the publishers to discuss the book . They challenged him to write the book he wished he could have read when he was 10 . He retooled a manuscript he had for a mock - Gothic book for adults , which became `` the story of children growing through all these terrible things '' , a concept which the publishers liked , to Handler 's surprise .
Great Depression
The League of Nations labeled Chile the country hardest hit by the Great Depression because 80 % of government revenue came from exports of copper and nitrates , which were in low demand . Chile initially felt the impact of the Great Depression in 1930 , when GDP dropped 14 % , mining income declined 27 % , and export earnings fell 28 % . By 1932 , GDP had shrunk to less than half of what it had been in 1929 , exacting a terrible toll in unemployment and business failures .
Popeye
In 1933 , Popeye received a foundling baby in the mail , whom he adopted and named `` Swee'Pea . '' Other regular characters in the strip were J. Wellington Wimpy , a hamburger - loving moocher who would `` gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today '' ( he was also soft - spoken and cowardly ; Vickers Wellington bombers were nicknamed `` Wimpys '' after the character ) ; George W. Geezil , a local cobbler who spoke in a heavily affected accent and habitually attempted to murder or wish death upon Wimpy ; and Eugene the Jeep , a yellow , vaguely dog - like animal from Africa with magical powers . In addition , the strip featured the Sea Hag , a terrible pirate , as well as the last witch on earth ( her even more terrible sister excepted ) ; Alice the Goon , a monstrous creature who entered the strip as the Sea Hag 's henchwoman and continued as Swee'Pea's babysitter ; and Toar , a caveman .
The Man from Snowy River (1982 film)
Tom Burlinson has confirmed that it was definitely him who rode the horse over the side of the mountain for the `` terrible descent '' during the dangerous ride -- commenting that he had been asked about this numerous times , and that he became known as `` The Man from Snowy River '' because of his ride . Remarkably , Burlinson had never ridden a horse before being cast in the film and the `` terrible descent '' was a one - take shot at full gallop down the cliff face . Burlinson performed all of his own stunts in the film .
Confederate States of America
Support for the Confederacy was perhaps weakest in Texas ; Claude Elliott estimates that only a third of the population actively supported the Confederacy . Many unionists supported the Confederacy after the war began , but many others clung to their unionism throughout the war , especially in the northern counties , the German districts , and the Mexican areas . According to Ernest Wallace : `` This account of a dissatisfied Unionist minority , although historically essential , must be kept in its proper perspective , for throughout the war the overwhelming majority of the people zealously supported the Confederacy ... '' Randolph B. Campbell states , `` In spite of terrible losses and hardships , most Texans continued throughout the war to support the Confederacy as they had supported secession '' . Dale Baum in his analysis of Texas politics in the era counters : `` This idea of a Confederate Texas united politically against northern adversaries was shaped more by nostalgic fantasies than by wartime realities . '' He characterizes Texas Civil War history as `` a morose story of intragovernmental rivalries coupled with wide - ranging disaffection that prevented effective implementation of state wartime policies '' .
Zapatista Army of National Liberation
Under the considerable political pressure of a highly radicalized situation , and believing a peaceful solution to be possible , Mexican Secretary of the Interior Lic . Esteban Moctezuma campaigned to reach a peacefully negotiated solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis , betting it all on a creative strategy to reestablish a dialogue between the Mexican Government and the EZLN to find peace , by demonstrating to Marcos the terrible consequences of a military solution .
Great Lakes
In June 2010 , L.R. Doty was found in Lake Michigan by an exploration diving team led by dive boat Captain Jitka Hanakova from her boat the Molly V . The ship sank in October 1898 , probably attempting to rescue a small schooner , Olive Jeanette , during a terrible storm .
Three Witches
Fuseli 's other Macbeth Woodmason painting Macbeth and the Armed Head depicts a later scene in which Macbeth is shown MacDuff and warned to be wary of him . Fuseli evidently intended the two paintings to be juxtaposed . He said , `` when Macbeth meets with the witches on the heath , it is terrible , because he did not expect the supernatural visitation ; but when he goes to the cave to ascertain his fate , it is no longer a subject of terror . '' Fuseli chose to make MacDuff a near - likeness of Macbeth himself , and considered the painting one of his most poetic in that sense , asking , `` ' What would be a greater object of terror to you if , some night on going home , you were to find yourself sitting at your own table ... would not this make a powerful impression on your mind ? ''
Characters of God of War
The Village Oracle -- A female soothsayer who attempted to warn away Kratos -- still in the service of Ares -- when he arrived at a village dedicated to Athena . The Village Oracle cursed Kratos once he was tricked by Ares into killing his wife and child , and proclaimed that `` from this day forward , the mark of your terrible deed will be visible to all '' as the ashes of Kratos ' burnt family merged with his skin . This turned Kratos ' skin ash - white and earned him the title , `` Ghost of Sparta '' . The Village Oracle briefly appears as an illusion created by Tisiphone in Ascension . The character was voiced by Susan Blakeslee in God of War ( 2005 ) and Ascension .
Don't Stand So Close to Me
The music and lyrics of the song were written by the lead singer of The Police , Sting . The song deals with the mixed feelings of lust , fear and guilt that a female student has for a school teacher and vice versa , and inappropriateness leading to confrontation which is unravelled later on in the song . The line `` Just like the old man in that book by Nabokov '' alludes to Vladimir Nabokov 's novel Lolita , which covers somewhat similar issues . After being criticised for rhyming `` cough '' with `` Nabokov , '' Sting replied , `` I 've used that terrible , terrible rhyme technique a few times . Technically , it 's called a feminine rhyme -- where it 's so appalling it 's almost humorous . You do n't normally get those type of rhymes in pop music and I 'm glad ! ''
Thorne Forrester
Thorne 's happiness was short - lived when he overheard Brooke telling Deacon Sharpe that Ridge would always be her soul mate . Thorne had a vision of Macy , and , feeling he had made a terrible mistake with Brooke , Thorne asked Brooke for an annulment . Later , after Taylor was again presumed dead , Thorne shared a few quick kisses with grief counselor Tricia Quick .
Western Front (World War I)
The Somme led directly to major new developments in infantry organisation and tactics ; despite the terrible losses of 1 July , some divisions had managed to achieve their objectives with minimal casualties . In examining the reasons behind losses and achievements , once the British war economy produced sufficient equipment and weapons , the army made the platoon the basic tactical unit , similar to the French and German armies . At the time of the Somme , British senior commanders insisted that the company ( 120 men ) was the smallest unit of manoeuvre ; less than a year later , the section of ten men would be so .
Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day
On Saturday , January 13 , 1990 , the book was adapted into a 30 - minute animated musical television special that aired on HBO and Klasky Csupo in the United States .
Apollo
Homer pictures Apollo on the side of the Trojans , fighting against the Achaeans , during the Trojan War . He is pictured as a terrible god , less trusted by the Greeks than other gods . The god seems to be related to Appaliunas , a tutelary god of Wilusa ( Troy ) in Asia Minor , but the word is not complete . The stones found in front of the gates of Homeric Troy were the symbols of Apollo . A western Anatolian origin may also be bolstered by references to the parallel worship of Artimus ( Artemis ) and Qλdãns , whose name may be cognate with the Hittite and Doric forms , in surviving Lydian texts . However , recent scholars have cast doubt on the identification of Qλdãns with Apollo .
Aeneas
Aeneas is the Latin spelling of Greek Αἰνείας ( Aineías ) . In the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite , Aeneas is first introduced with Aphrodite naming him Αἰνείας ( Aineías ) for the αὶνóν ἄχος ( `` terrible grief '' ) he caused her , where Aineías derives from the adjective αὶνóν ( ainon , meaning `` terrible '' ) . It is a popular etymology for the name , apparently exploited by Homer in the Iliad . Later in the Medieval period there were writers who held that , because the Aeneid was written by a philosopher it is meant to be read philosophically . As such , in the `` natural order '' , the meaning of Aeneas ' name combines Greek ennos ( `` dweller '' ) and demas ( `` body '' ) , which becomes ennaios , meaning `` in - dweller '' ( i.e. as a god inhabiting a mortal body ) . However , there is no certainty regarding the origin of his name .
Anterior cruciate ligament
Tearing the anterior cruciate ligament can sometimes be part of a knee injury known as `` the terrible triad '' . This consists of the simultaneous tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) , medial collateral ligament ( MCL ) and medial meniscus .