vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Carbon monoxide poisoning
The earliest description of carbon monoxide poisoning dates to at least 200 BC by Aristotle . Documented cases of carbon monoxide being used as a method of suicide date to at least 100 BC in ancient Rome . In the AD 350s , the Roman emperor Julian suffered from carbon monoxide poisoning in Paris , and later described it in his work Misopogon : `` though the winter weather prevailed and continually increased in severity , even so I did not allow my servants to heat the house , because I was afraid of drawing out the dampness in the walls ; but I ordered them to carry in fire that had burned down and to place in the room a very moderate number of hot coals . But the coals , though there were not very many of them , brought out from the walls quantities of steam and this made me fall asleep . And since my head was filled with the fumes I was almost choked . Then I was carried outside . '' This misunderstanding of the causes of carbon monoxide poisoning may have caused the death of Julian 's successor , Jovian .
Loser (Beck song)
`` Loser '' was first released in March 1993 as a 12 '' vinyl single on Bong Load , with only 500 copies pressed . Beck felt that `` Loser '' was mediocre , and only agreed to its release at Rothrock 's insistence . `` Loser '' unexpectedly received radio airplay , starting in Los Angeles , where college radio station KXLU was the first to play it , followed by modern rock station KROQ - FM . The song then spread to Seattle through KNDD , and KROQ - FM began playing the song on an almost hourly basis . By the time stations in New York were requesting copies of `` Loser '' , Bong Load had already run out . Beck was soon beset with offers to sign with major labels . Convinced that the song was a potential hit , Rothrock gave a vinyl pressing of the single to his friend Tony Berg , who had been working in the A&R department for Geffen Records . Berg said , `` I just lost my mind when I heard it . He left my office , and I swear , by the time he got home , I had left a message asking him to introduce me to ( Beck ) '' . Beck , in spite of his hesitance to be on any major label , signed with Geffen subsidiary DGC . He explained , `` I was n't going to do anything for a long time , but Bong Load did n't have the means to make as many copies as people wanted . Geffen were involved and they wanted to make it to more of an organized place , one with a bigger budget and better distribution . ''
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
The result was a legendary immolation , in which Geller offered up flustered excuses to his host as his abilities failed him again and again . `` I sat there for 22 minutes , humiliated , '' Geller told me , when I spoke to him in September . `` I went back to my hotel , devastated . I was about to pack up the next day and go back to Tel Aviv . I thought , That 's it -- I 'm destroyed . ''
Lana Del Rey
Del Rey met her current managers , Ben Mawson and Ed Millett , three months after Lana Del Ray and they helped her to get out of her contract with 5 Points Records , where , in her opinion , `` nothing was happening . '' Shortly after , she moved to London , England and moved in with Mawson `` for a few years . '' When choosing her stage name , she said : `` I wanted a name I could shape the music towards . I was going to Miami quite a lot at the time , speaking a lot of Spanish with my friends from Cuba -- Lana Del Rey reminded us of the glamour of the seaside . It sounded gorgeous coming off the tip of the tongue . '' She has said her lawyers and managers made up the name Lana Del Rey and persuaded her to adopt the stage name . On September 1 , 2010 , Del Rey was featured by Mando Diao in their MTV Unplugged concert at Union Film - Studios in Berlin .
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
On September 5 , 1788 , the New Jersey Legislature gave Baron von Steuben full title to the former Zabriskie estate . A month later , recognizing his financial embarrassment , Steuben wrote another former aide - de-camp and companion , William North , recognizing : `` The jersey Estate must and is to be sold . Walker is my administrator , all debts are to be paid out of it . '' On November 6 , 1788 , Steuben again wrote North ( at his new home in Duanesburg ) , noting `` My Jersey Estate is Advertised but not yet Sold , from this Walker Shall immediately pay to you the money , you so generously lend me and all my debts in New - York will be payed . I support my present poverty with more heroism than I Expected . All Clubs and parties are renounced , I seldom leave the House . '' Steuben eventually sold the New Jersey property to a son of the previous owner , and it remained in the Zabriskie family until 1909 . It is the only remaining eighteenth - century building that von Steuben owned .
Bobby Sands
Archbishop John R. Roach , president of the US Catholic bishops , called Sands 's death `` a useless sacrifice '' . The Ledger of 5 May 1981 under the headline `` To some he was a hero , to others a terrorist '' claims that the hunger strike made Sands `` a hero among Irish Republicans or Nationalists seeking the reunion of Protestant - dominated and British - ruled Northern Ireland with the predominantly Catholic Irish Republic to the south '' . The Ledger cited Sands as telling his friends : `` If I die , God will understand '' and one of his last messages was `` Tell everyone I 'll see them somewhere , sometime '' .
Dominic Toretto
However , Dominic is also obsessed with racing . In the first film , he says : `` I live my life a quarter mile at a time . Nothing else matters : not the mortgage , not the store , not my team and all their bullshit . For those ten seconds or less , I 'm free . '' In The Fate of the Furious , Cipher repeats a similar phrase to Dominic to question his loyalty to his family .
An-Nasr
Aisha said that the Messenger of Allah used to repeat very frequently , towards the end of his life , ' Exaltations and praises be to Allah , whose forgiveness I ask ; I repent of my sins . ' He also said , ' My Lord told me I would see a sign in my nation . He ordered me to praise Him , the Forgiving , and ask His pardon when I see this sign . Indeed , I have . When the victory granted by Allah and the Conquest come ... ( transmitted by Muslim )
The Bronx
I ca n't seem to escape the sins of my smart - alec youth ; Here are my amends . I wrote those lines , `` The Bronx ? No thonx `` ; I shudder to confess them . Now I 'm an older , wiser man I cry , `` The Bronx ? God bless them ! ''
Ranger's Apprentice
It 's just so overwhelming to see that the Ranger 's series is set to head off in yet another exciting direction . When I think how this all started as a series of twenty short stories written for my son Michael , it sets my head spinning to think there 's the distinct possibility that it will now be translated into movies and seen by millions of people around the world .
History of the Philippines (1898–1946)
`` As in General Otis 's proclamation he alluded to some instructions edited by His Excellency the President of the United States , referring to the administration of the matters in the Philippine Islands , I in the name of God , the root and fountain of all justice , and that of all the right which has been visibly granted to me to direct my dear brothers in the difficult work of our regeneration , protest most solemnly against this intrusion of the United States Government on the sovereignty of these islands . I equally protest in the name of the Filipino people against the said intrusion , because as they have granted their vote of confidence appointing me president of the nation , although I do n't consider that I deserve such , therefore I consider it my duty to defend to death its liberty and independence . '' Battle
History of the Philippines (1898–1946)
Insurgent forces were looting the portions of the city which they occupied , and were not confining their attacks to Spaniards , but were assaulting their own people and raiding the property of foreigners as well . U.S. commanders pressed Aguinaldo to withdraw his forces from Manila . Negotiations proceeded slowly and , on August 31 , General Elwell Otis ( General Merritt being unavailable ) wrote , in a long letter to Aguinaldo : `` ... I am compelled by my instructions to direct that your armed forces evacuate the entire city of Manila , including its suburbs and defences , and that I shall be obliged to take action with that end in view within a very short space of time should you decline to comply with my Government 's demands ; and I hereby serve notice on you that unless your troops are withdrawn beyond the line of the city 's defences before Thursday , the 15th instant , I shall be obliged to resort to forcible action , and that my Government will hold you responsible for any unfortunate consequences which may ensue . '' After further negotiation and exchanges of letters , Aguinaldo wrote on September 16 : `` On the evening of the 15th the armed insurgent organizations withdrew from the city and all of its suburbs , ... ''
Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies
Beer was such an important consumable to Americans that they would closely watch the stocks of barley held by farmers to ensure quality beer production . In John Adams ' correspondence with his wife Abigail , he asked about the quality of barley crops to ensure adequate supply for the production of beer for himself and their friends . However , hops , essential to production of beer , did not grow well in the colonies . It only grew wild in the New World , and needed to be imported from England and elsewhere . In addition to these alcohol - based products produced in America , merchants imported wine and brandy . Beer was not only consumed for its flavor and alcohol content , but because it was safer to drink than water , which often harbored disease - causing microorganisms . Even children drank small beer .
History of the Philippines (1898–1946)
`` Such procedures , so foreign to the dictates of culture and the usages observed by civilized nations , gave me the right to act without observing the usual rules of intercourse . Nevertheless , in order to be correct to the end , I sent to General Otis commissioners charged to solicit him to desist from his rash enterprise , but they were not listened to . My government can not remain indifferent in view of such a violent and aggressive seizure of a portion of its territory by a nation which arrogated to itself the title champion of oppressed nations . Thus it is that my government is disposed to open hostilities if the American troops attempt to take forcible possession of the Visayan Islands . I denounce these acts before the world , in order that the conscience of mankind may pronounce its infallable verdict as to who are the true oppressors of nations and the tormentors of human kind . '' Battle
Alan Shepard
Shepard was devoted to his children . Frequently Julie , Laura and Alice were the only astronauts ' children at NASA events . He taught them to ski and took them skiing in Colorado . He once rented a small plane to fly them and their friends from Texas to a summer camp in Maine . Later , he doted on his six grandchildren as well . After Apollo 14 he began to spend more time with Louise , and started taking her with him on trips to the Paris Air Show every other year , and to Asia . Louise heard rumors of his affairs . The publication of Tom Wolfe 's 1979 book The Right Stuff made them public knowledge , but she never confronted him about it , nor did she ever contemplate leaving him . Shepard
Twelve Days of Christmas
In England in the Middle Ages , this period was one of continuous feasting and merrymaking , which climaxed on Twelfth Night , the traditional end of the Christmas season . In Tudor England , Twelfth Night itself was forever solidified in popular culture when William Shakespeare used it as the setting for one of his most famous stage plays , titled Twelfth Night . Often a Lord of Misrule was chosen to lead the Christmas revels .
Three Witches
Terry Pratchett 's 1988 Discworld novel Wyrd Sisters bears obvious reference to Shakespeare 's three witches , as well as to a number of other plays by Shakespeare .
Helena (A Midsummer Night's Dream)
Helena A Midsummer Night 's Dream character Washington Allston 's 1818 painting Hermia and Helena . Created by William Shakespeare Date ( s ) Shakespearean times
The Merchant of Venice
Antonio 's unexplained depression -- `` In sooth I know not why I am so sad '' -- and utter devotion to Bassanio has led some critics to theorise that he is suffering from unrequited love for Bassanio and is depressed because Bassanio is coming to an age where he will marry a woman . In his plays and poetry Shakespeare often depicted strong male bonds of varying homosociality , which has led some critics to infer that Bassanio returns Antonio 's affections despite his obligation to marry :
Yorick
Yorick Hamlet character Yorick 's skull in the ' gravedigger scene ' ( 5.1 ) , depicted by Eugène Delacroix . Created by William Shakespeare Portrayed by André Tchaikowsky Date ( s ) 16 / 17th century
The Governor (The Walking Dead)
Despite making few appearances , The Governor 's daughter , Penny , plays a key role in his mentality and actions . He secretly cares for the undead Penny in his apartment , as revealed in the episode `` Say the Word '' , brushing her hair and singing to her , and tells Michonne that she does not need to suffer , implying that he believes Penny is still alive and is `` under the grip of a terrible , terrible illness '' .
Hamlet
In the Bloom 's Shakespeare Through the Ages volume on Hamlet , editors Bloom and Foster express a conviction that the intentions of Shakespeare in portraying the character of Hamlet in the play exceeded the capacity of the Freudian Oedipus complex to completely encompass the extent of characteristics depicted in Hamlet throughout the tragedy : `` For once , Freud regressed in attempting to fasten the Oedipus Complex upon Hamlet : it will not stick , and merely showed that Freud did better than T.S. Eliot , who preferred Coriolanus to Hamlet , or so he said . Who can believe Eliot , when he exposes his own Hamlet Complex by declaring the play to be an aesthetic failure ? '' The book also notes James Joyce 's interpretation , stating that he `` did far better in the Library Scene of Ulysses , where Stephen marvelously credits Shakespeare , in this play , with universal fatherhood while accurately implying that Hamlet is fatherless , thus opening a pragmatic gap between Shakespeare and Hamlet . ''
Napoleon
When Napoleon heard that Prussian troops had orders to capture him dead or alive , he fled to Rochefort , considering an escape to the United States . British ships were blocking every port . Napoleon demanded asylum from the British Captain Frederick Maitland on HMS Bellerophon on 15 July 1815 .
Uncle Ben
However , later stories and flashbacks that took place when Ben was still alive retroactively made the phrase one of Ben 's many homilies he would lecture Peter with . Latter - day reinterpretations of Spider - Man , such as the Spider - Man film and the Ultimate Spider - Man comic , depict Ben as saying this phrase to Peter while he is still alive , in their last conversation . Both the aforementioned adaptations also had Peter lash out at Ben just after he says it , and both also mention his father .
List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters
In the flashback episode `` Lone Rat and Cub '' Tang Shen was seen in the black - and - white picture of her next to her husband , holding their baby daughter between them . She was last seen in a vision of Splinter 's when he debated whether he had the discipline to be a proper father , for either Miwa ( were she alive ) or the baby mutant Turtles .
Cinderella
Villains : In some versions , her father plays an active role in the humiliation of his daughter ; in others , he is secondary to his new wife , Cinderella 's stepmother ; in some versions , especially the popular Disney film , Cinderella 's father has died and Cinderella 's mother has died also .
Ganesh Chaturthi
According to Richard Cashman , Tilak recruited and passionately committed himself to god Ganesha after the 1893 Hindu - Muslim communal violence in Bombay and the Deccan riots , when he felt that the British India government under Lord Harris had repeatedly taken sides and not treated Hindus fairly because Hindus were not well organized . In Tilak 's estimate , Ganesha worship and processions were already popular in rural and urban Hindu populations , across social castes and classes in Baroda , Gwalior , Pune and most of the Maratha region in the 18th century . In 1893 , Tilak helped expand Ganesh Chaturthi festival into a mass community event and a hidden means for political activism , intellectual discourse , poetry recitals , plays , concerts , and folk dances .
Jughead Jones
Another mystery that follows Jughead 's character is the meaning of the `` S '' on his sweatshirt . This remains a mystery to this day , although many stories have hinted at a meaning . In Jughead # 30 ( 1992 ) , when his psychiatrist , Sara , asked him `` why an ' S ' ? '' he replied `` I dunno ! My third cousin was called skinny ... '' The triangular banner on the cover of issue 140 of Archie & Friends shows that the `` S '' stands for Silby , as in Silby High School , which he attended for a few months as a freshman . At one time after his sweater was filled with holes due to what he thought was a moth when it was actually a chemical accident caused in lab class , he reveals that he simply likes the letter S and finds it `` compatible , '' because the letter can stand for `` soup , sandwich , steak and all kinds of goodies ! '' after his friends ask him . Betty rolls her eyes at the explanation and adds , `` S stands for `` sorry I asked '' ! '' Another theory is that he is a non-conformist so when everyone wears `` R '' which stands for Riverdale he just goes with the next letter `` S '' .
List of The Mortal Instruments characters
Jocelyn Fray ( Fairchild ) was Luke 's main love interest throughout The Mortal Instruments series . Luke has known Jocelyn since they were kids and had developed feelings for her but never acted on it because Jocelyn loved Valentine at the time . After Jocelyn and Valentine were married , his friendship with Jocelyn continued but after Valentine 's darkness became evident , Jocelyn would only confide in him . When he was turned into a werewolf and was believed to be dead , she searched for him believing that he was still alive .
Mount Everest
As the Sharp debate kicked off , on 26 May 2006 Australian climber Lincoln Hall was found alive , after being left for dead the day before . He was found by a party of four climbers ( Dan Mazur , Andrew Brash , Myles Osborne and Jangbu Sherpa ) who , giving up their own summit attempt , stayed with Hall and descended with him and a party of 11 Sherpas sent up to carry him down . Hall later fully recovered . His team assumed he had died from cerebral edema , and they were instructed to cover him with rocks . There were no rocks around to do this and he was abandoned . The erroneous information of his death was passed on to his family . The next day he was discovered by another party alive .
Starving Time
The Starving Time at Jamestown in the Colony of Virginia was a period of starvation during the winter of 1609 -- 1610 . There were about 500 Jamestown residents at the beginning of the winter . However , there were only 60 people still alive when the spring arrived .
Minstrel show
The afterpiece rounded out the production . In the early days of the minstrel show , this was often a skit set on a Southern plantation that usually included song - and - dance numbers and featured Sambo - and Mammy - type characters in slapstick situations . The emphasis lay on an idealized plantation life and the happy slaves who lived there . Nevertheless , antislavery viewpoints sometimes surfaced in the guise of family members separated by slavery , runaways , or even slave uprisings . A few stories highlighted black trickster figures who managed to get the better of their masters . Beginning in the mid-1850s , performers did burlesque renditions of other plays ; both Shakespeare and contemporary playwrights were common targets . The humor of these came from the inept black characters trying to perform some element of high white culture . Slapstick humor pervaded the afterpiece , including cream pies to the face , inflated bladders , and on - stage fireworks . Material from Uncle Tom 's Cabin dominated beginning in 1853 . The afterpiece allowed the minstrels to introduce new characters , some of whom became quite popular and spread from troupe to troupe .
Cell cycle
p53 plays an important role in triggering the control mechanisms at both G / S and G / M checkpoints . In addition to p53 , checkpoint regulators are being heavily researched for their roles in cancer growth and proliferation .
List of Madagascar (franchise) characters
He plays a pivotal role in the `` April Fools '' episode when he threatens Julien with retaliation for drawing on his backside with a permanent marker . It is revealed that he was working with the penguins to teach Julien a lesson for his constant April Fools ' Day pranks on everyone in August .
Munchkin
In 1989 , author Stephen Cox researched , found , and wrote about the surviving Munchkin actors fifty years after they made the film . He wrote about them in his book , The Munchkins Remember ( 1989 , E.P. Dutton ) which was later revised as The Munchkins of Oz ( Cumberland House ) , and his book remained in print for nearly two decades . When he wrote the book , 33 of the dwarfs who acted in the film were still alive and were interviewed . Today , Jerry Maren , who played the green `` lollipop guild '' member , is the last living Munchkin actor .
Replay review in gridiron football
A challenge can only be made on certain reviewable calls on plays that begin before the two - minute warning and only when a team has at least one time - out remaining in the half . Up until the 2005 season , coaches could signal a challenge via an electronic pager , now used only by the replay assistant . The coaches now throw a red flag onto the field , indicating the challenge to the referees . This red flag was originally the `` backup plan '' if the pager were to fail , but it has become the more popular option among NFL coaches to signal a replay request .
Shakespeare's influence
For a list of words relating to Shakespeare 's vocabulary , see the English terms first attested in Shakespeare category of words in Wiktionary , the free dictionary .
Pub
In 1393 , King Richard II of England compelled landlords to erect signs outside their premises . The legislation stated `` Whosoever shall brew ale in the town with intention of selling it must hang out a sign , otherwise he shall forfeit his ale . '' This was to make alehouses easily visible to passing inspectors , borough ale tasters , who would decide the quality of the ale they provided . William Shakespeare 's father , John Shakespeare , was one such inspector .
The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle
Frank Middlemass appears in both the Granada TV version and the BBC adaptation . In the BBC adaptation he plays Peterson , whilst in the Granada adaptation he plays Henry Baker .
The One with All the Thanksgivings
The inspiration for Phoebe 's character spurting blood was Dan Aykroyd 's Bass - O - Matic commercial on Saturday Night Live . In the sketch , Aykroyd plays a pitchman who sells a blender specifically designed to liquefy fish . He accidentally gets his hand stuck in the funnel , which causes it to be chopped off while blood sprays everywhere . The turkey stuck on Joey 's head is a reference to Act 4 in `` Merry Christmas Mr. Bean '' from Mr. Bean . Ross and Chandler 's costumes in 1988 were inspired by Miami Vice , which was popular at the time . The music used in Chandler 's accident was `` The Murder '' from Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho .