vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Gold standard
In the gold specie standard the monetary unit is associated with the value of circulating gold coins , or the monetary unit has the value of a certain circulating gold coin , but other coins may be made of less valuable metal . The gold bullion standard is a system in which gold coins do not circulate , but the authorities agree to sell gold bullion on demand at a fixed price in exchange for the circulating currency . The gold exchange standard usually does not involve the circulation of gold coins . The main feature of the gold exchange standard is that the government guarantees a fixed exchange rate to the currency of another country that uses a gold standard ( specie or bullion ) , regardless of what type of notes or coins are used as a means of exchange . This creates a de facto gold standard , where the value of the means of exchange has a fixed external value in terms of gold that is independent of the inherent value of the means of exchange itself .
Houston Astros
On July 30 , 2011 , the Astros traded OF Hunter Pence , the team 's 2010 leader in home runs , to the Philadelphia Phillies . On July 31 , they traded OF Michael Bourn to the Atlanta Braves . On September 17 , the Astros clinched their first 100 - loss season in franchise history , On September 28 , the Astros ended the season with an 8 -- 0 home loss to the St. Louis Cardinals . Cardinals pitcher Chris Carpenter pitched a complete game , two - hit shutout in the game , enabling the Cardinals to win the National League Wild Card , where they went on to beat the Texas Rangers in the World Series , with Lance Berkman being a key player in their championship victory . The Astros finished with a record of 56 -- 106 , the worst single - season record in franchise history ( a record which would be broken the following season ) .
Arizona
The state rate on transient lodging ( hotel / motel ) is 7.27 % . The state of Arizona does not levy a state tax on food for home consumption or on drugs prescribed by a licensed physician or dentist . However , some cities in Arizona do levy a tax on food for home consumption .
Arizona
According to the 2010 United States Census , Arizona had a population of 6,392,017 . In 2010 , illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 7.9 % of the population . This was the second highest percentage of any state in the U.S.
Coordinated Universal Time
The time zone using UTC is sometimes denoted UTC ± 00 : 00 or by the letter Z -- a reference to the equivalent nautical time zone ( GMT ) , which has been denoted by a Z since about 1950 . Time zones were identified by successive letters of the alphabet and the Greenwich time zone was marked by a Z as it was the point of origin . The letter also refers to the `` zone description '' of zero hours , which has been used since 1920 ( see time zone history ) . Since the NATO phonetic alphabet word for Z is `` Zulu '' , UTC is sometimes known as `` Zulu time '' . This is especially true in aviation , where `` Zulu '' is the universal standard . This ensures all pilots regardless of location are using the same 24 - hour clock , thus avoiding confusion when flying between time zones . See the list of military time zones for letters used in addition to Z in qualifying time zones other than Greenwich .
Judge Judy
For the most part , cases are taped all throughout the year except for two breaks Sheindlin and all of the staff members of her show have for the year . One of the two breaks includes an extra week off in December , as the show is only taped one week out of that month because of the holidays . The other break is from mid-July ( only taping one week in July ) and all through August . According to members of the show , the reason for this break is that people are more interested in taking vacations than in filing lawsuits around that time . When the show premieres in September , only the best episodes of the ones taped before Sheindlin 's break are selected to begin out the season . Thus , the first few weeks ( the first week in particular ) will consist of what the show feels to be its best episodes . In Sheindlin 's words , `` It 's like drinking wine . You do n't serve the really good bottle of wine third . ''
What's Love Got to Do with It (film)
Fishburne did not have Ike Turner around as a role model as much as he would have liked . He did meet Ike Turner once , though , during production of the film . `` He was not particularly welcome on this project , '' Fishburne says . The actor 's only meeting was a brief introduction when Ike showed up at the Turners ' former home in Baldwin Hills during a location shoot . Ike signed some autographs and showed Fishburne his walk . `` It was nice to meet him , '' says Fishburne . `` Regardless of his actions , he was so much a part of Tina 's life . The movie is about him just as much as her . It 's unfortunate that he was n't welcomed , that both of them were n't around more . ''
State of Origin series
A main cause for concern for Queensland was the fact that the Brisbane Broncos , its players and many other Queenslanders were not aligned with the ARL prohibiting any players signed with the Super League to play for the Maroons . Despite this the Queenslanders won the 1995 series 3 -- 0 in a shocking white - wash . The 1996 series saw the off - field contract dramas put aside as all players were allowed , regardless of contract , state of origin selection . Having the majority of the Queenslanders back did n't help the Maroons though as the Blues 1996 white - wash with a 3 -- 0 series win of their own .
Hindu temple
The gods always play where lakes are , where the sun 's rays are warded off by umbrellas of lotus leaf clusters , and where clear waterpaths are made by swans whose breasts toss the white lotus hither and thither , where swans , ducks , curleys and paddy birds are heard , and animals rest nearby in the shade of Nicula trees on the river banks . The gods always play where rivers have for their braclets the sound of curleys and the voice of swans for their speech , water as their garment , carps for their zone , the flowering trees on their banks as earrings , the confluence of rivers as their hips , raised sand banks as breasts and plumage of swans their mantle . The gods always play where groves are near , rivers , mountains and springs , and in towns with pleasure gardens . --
2017 Los Angeles Rams season
Recipient Award ( s ) Trumaine Johnson Week 1 : NFC Defensive Player of the Week Todd Gurley Week 3 : NFC Offensive Player of the Month Week 4 : NFC Offensive Player of the Week Week 16 : FedEx Air Player of the Week Greg Zuerlein Week 4 : NFC Special Teams Player of the Week Week 8 : NFC Special Teams player of the Month Pharoh Cooper Week 6 : NFC Special Teams Player of the Week Jared Goff Week 9 : NFC Offensive Player of the Week Week 16 : FedEx Air Player of the Week
Android (operating system)
In 2010 , Google launched its Nexus series of devices , a lineup in which Google partnered with different device manufacturers to produce new devices and introduce new Android versions . The series was described as having `` played a pivotal role in Android 's history by introducing new software iterations and hardware standards across the board '' , and became known for its `` bloat - free '' software with `` timely ... updates '' . At its developer conference in May 2013 , Google announced a special version of the Samsung Galaxy S4 , where , instead of using Samsung 's own Android customization , the phone ran `` stock Android '' and was promised to receive new system updates fast . The device would become the start of the Google Play edition program , and was followed by other devices , including the HTC One Google Play edition , and Moto G Google Play edition . In 2015 , Ars Technica wrote that `` Earlier this week , the last of the Google Play edition Android phones in Google 's online storefront were listed as `` no longer available for sale '' and that `` Now they 're all gone , and it looks a whole lot like the program has wrapped up '' . Eric
Confederate States of America
Rangers in twenty to fifty - man units were awarded 50 % valuation for property destroyed behind Union lines , regardless of location or loyalty . As Federals occupied the South , objections by loyal Confederate concerning Ranger horse - stealing and indiscriminate scorched earth tactics behind Union lines led to Congress abolishing the Ranger service two years later .
Rory McIlroy
Before his season started , Tiger Woods invited McIlroy to play in the 2007 Target World Challenge , held in December , and the 2008 AT&T National , held in July . McIlroy declined the invitation , preferring to play the European Open the week of the AT&T National .
Pope
The Dean of the College of Cardinals then asks two solemn questions of the cardinal who has been elected . First he asks , `` Do you freely accept your election as Supreme Pontiff ? '' If he replies with the word `` Accepto '' , his reign begins at that instant . If he replies not , his reign begins at the inauguration ceremony several days afterward . The Dean asks next , `` By what name shall you be called ? '' The new pope announces the regnal name he has chosen . If the Dean himself is elected pope , the Vice Dean performs this task .
Time
A recent study of the indigenous Yupno people of Papua New Guinea focused on the directional gestures used when individuals used time - related words . When speaking of the past ( such as `` last year '' or `` past times '' ) , individuals gestured downhill , where the river of the valley flowed into the ocean . When speaking of the future , they gestured uphill , toward the source of the river . This was common regardless of which direction the person faced , revealing that the Yupno people may use an allocentric MTL , in which time flows uphill .
Enoch (ancestor of Noah)
Idris is closely linked in Muslim tradition with the origin of writing and other technical arts of civilization , including the study of astronomical phenomena , both of which Enoch is credited with in the Testament of Abraham . Nonetheless , although some Muslims view Enoch and Idris as the same prophet while others do not , many Muslims still honor Enoch as one of the earliest prophets , regardless of which view they hold .
Ridge Forrester
`` Right now I can only tell you this : Ridge will not be dead or presumed dead . He will just not be in the picture . I do n't want to do a presumed death because I do n't want the story that follows to be all about Ridge . This will be a Brooke story . Ridge is a pivotal part of the show and he will be back in a matter of time ... and probably not all that much time ( sic ) There will be a period of time without Ridge , which is where some new , interesting avenues for Brooke will come into play . But at some point it will be necessary for Ridge to return to the show . Who will be playing the role at that point remains to be seen . ''
Republic
There are also elective monarchies where ultimate power is vested in a monarch , but the monarch is chosen by some manner of election . A current example of such a state is Malaysia where the Yang di - Pertuan Agong is elected every five years by the Conference of Rulers composed of the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states and the Vatican City - State , where the pope is selected by cardinal - electors , currently all cardinals under a specific age . While rare today , elective monarchs were common in the past . The Holy Roman Empire is an important example , where each new emperor was chosen by a group of electors . Islamic states also rarely employed primogeniture , instead relying on various forms of election to choose a monarch 's successor .
Caesarean section
For otherwise healthy twin pregnancies where both twins are head down a trial of vaginal delivery is recommended at between 37 and 38 weeks . Vaginal delivery in this case does not worsen the outcome for either infant as compared with caesarean section . There is some controversy on the best method of delivery where the first twin is head first and the second is not , but most obstetricians will recommend normal delivery unless there are other reasons to avoid vaginal birth . When the first twin is not head down , a caesarean section is often recommended . Regardless of whether the twins are delivered by section or vaginally , the medical literature recommends delivery of dichorionic twins at 38 weeks , and monochorionic twins ( identical twins sharing a placenta ) by 37 weeks due to the increased risk of stillbirth in monochorionic twins who remain in utero after 37 weeks . The consensus is that late preterm delivery of monochorionic twins is justified because the risk of stillbirth for post-37 week delivery is significantly higher than the risks posed by delivering monochorionic twins near term ( i.e. , 36 -- 37 weeks ) . The consensus concerning monoamniotic twins ( identical twins sharing an amniotic sac ) , the highest risk type of twins , is that they should be delivered by caesarean section at or shortly after 32 weeks , since the risks of intrauterine death of one or both twins is higher after this gestation than the risk of complications of prematurity .
Blackjack
Blackjack , also known as twenty - one , is a comparing card game between usually several players and a dealer , where each player in turn competes against the dealer , but players do not play against each other . It is played with one or more decks of 52 cards , and is the most widely played casino banking game in the world . The objective of the game is to beat the dealer in one of the following ways :
Western (genre)
Early Westerns were mostly filmed in the studio , just like other early Hollywood films , but when location shooting became more common from the 1930s , producers of Westerns used desolate corners of Arizona , California , Colorado , Kansas , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Oklahoma , Texas , Utah , or Wyoming . These settings gave filmmakers the ability to depict vast plains , looming mountains and epic canyons . Productions were also filmed on location at movie ranches .
Camel
The Islamic texts contain several stories featuring camels . In the story of the people of Thamud , the Prophet Salih miraculously brings forth a naqat ( Arabic : نَـاقَـة ‎ ‎ , ' she - camel ' ) out of a rock . After the Prophet Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina , he allowed his she - camel to roam there ; the location where the camel stopped to rest determined the location where he would build his house in Medina . Judaism
Hyde Park, London
The bandstand in Hyde Park was originally built in Kensington Gardens in 1869 , moving to its current location in 1886 . It became a popular place for concerts in the 1890s , featuring up to three every week . Military and brass bands continued to play into the 20th century . Pink
Arizona
Arizona remained sparsely settled for most of the 19th century . The 1860 census reported the population of `` Arizona County '' to be 6,482 , of whom 4,040 were listed as `` Indians '' , 21 as `` free colored '' , and 2,421 as `` white '' . Arizona 's continued population growth puts an enormous stress on the state 's water supply . As of 2011 , 61.3 % of Arizona 's children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups .
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
This right has been incorporated against the states . Self Incrimination in Court See Griffin v. California , 380 U.S. 609 ( 1965 ) , Malloy v. Hogan , 378 U.S. 1 ( 1964 ) . Miranda See Miranda v. Arizona , 348 U.S. 436 ( 1966 ) . A note about the Miranda warnings : The text of the Fifth Amendment does not require that the police , before interrogating a suspect whom they have in custody , give him or her the now - famous Miranda warnings . Nevertheless , the Court has held that these warnings are a necessary prophylactic device , and thus required by the Fifth Amendment by police who interrogate any criminal suspect in custody , regardless of whether he or she is ultimately prosecuted in state or federal court .
(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right
The song is about an adulterous love affair , told from the point of view of either the mistress or the cheating spouse , depending on the gender of the performer . Regardless , both parties involved express their desire to maintain the affair , while at the same time acknowledging that the relationship is wrong according to conventional moral standards .
Antonio Cromartie
Antonio Cromartie ( born April 15 , 1984 ) is a former American football cornerback . He played college football at Florida State and was drafted in the first round ( 19th overall ) by the San Diego Chargers in the 2006 NFL Draft . He was selected to four Pro Bowls and was a first - team All - Pro in 2007 after leading the league in interceptions . Cromartie is credited with the longest play in NFL history , returning a missed field goal 109 yards for a touchdown in 2007 . He also played for the Arizona Cardinals , New York Jets and Indianapolis Colts .
Franchising
A primary disadvantage to franchising is quality control , as the franchisor wants the firm 's brand name to convey a message to consumers about the quality and consistency of the firm 's product . They want the consumer to experience the same quality regardless of location or franchise status . This can prove to be an issue with franchising , as a customer who had a bad experience at one franchise may assume that they will have the same experience at other locations with other services . Distance can make it difficult for firms to detect whether or not the franchises are of poor quality . One way around this disadvantage is to set up extra subsidiaries in each country or state in which the firm expands . This creates a smaller number of franchisees to oversee , which will reduce the quality control challenges .
Pope
Traditionally , this term was reserved for claimants with a significant following of cardinals or other clergy . The existence of an antipope is usually due either to doctrinal controversy within the Church ( heresy ) or to confusion as to who is the legitimate pope at the time ( schism ) . Briefly in the 15th century , three separate lines of popes claimed authenticity ( see Papal Schism ) . Even Catholics do not all agree whether certain historical figures were popes or antipopes . Though antipope movements were significant at one time , they are now overwhelmingly minor fringe causes .
Behind the Beautiful Forevers
Katherine Boo chose Annawadi to study because the scale of this `` sumpy plug of slum '' bordering a lake of sewage was small , and its location was fraught with possibilities . Annawadi sits beside the road to the Mumbai airport , on `` a stretch where new India and old India collided and made new India late , '' as Boo explains in her introduction . The author has noted that she does not see the characters in the book as a representation of Indian people as a whole . They do not encompass what life is like for all people in Annawadi . Furthermore , the author sees herself in each character . Each one of them is undergoing struggles that they must learn to overcome .
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God A monument in Enfield , Connecticut commemorating the location where this sermon was preached . Author Jonathan Edwards Country British Colonies Language English Genre Sermon Publication date 8 July 1741 Text Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God at Wikisource
Desert
A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life . The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation . About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid . This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or `` cold deserts '' . Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls , by the temperature that prevails , by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location .
Arizona
Like other states of the Southwest United States , Arizona has an abundance of mountains and plateaus . Despite the state 's aridity , 27 % of Arizona is forest , a percentage comparable to modern - day France or Germany . The world 's largest stand of ponderosa pine trees is in Arizona .
Disk storage
constant linear velocity ( used mainly in optical storage ) varies the rotational speed of the optical disc depending upon the position of the head , and constant angular velocity ( used in HDDs , standard FDDs , a few optical disc systems , and vinyl audio records ) spins the media at one constant speed regardless of where the head is positioned .
American Idol
Jessica Sanchez received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week , and the judges decided to use their `` save '' option on her , making her the first female recipient of the save . The following week , unlike previous seasons , Colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home . Sanchez later made the final two , the first season where a recipient of the save reached the finale .
The Way of the World
The love expressed in the play tends to be centred on material gain rather than the love of the partner . This can be seen in the scene where Millamant and Mirabell effectively carry out a pre-nuptial agreement , Millamant insisting on having all manner of liberties and powers , quite unusual for the time . None of the characters in the play can really be seen as ' good ' , and as such it is difficult to find a hero or heroine , or indeed anybody whom one would find deserving of sympathy . It is worth considering that the play itself , while often regarded as a satire on the lives of the idle - classes in 1700 , may simply testify non-satirically to the experiences of the idle - classes .
The Skin of Our Teeth
Sabina 's stock - maid monologue begins and ends the play in the same way ; this `` stage - play '' goes on and on . In her role as resident pessimist , lacking vision , Sabina says , `` That 's all we do -- always beginning again ! Over and over again . Always beginning again . '' After each disaster , they just rebuild the world again . She also says : `` Do n't forget that a few years ago we came through the depression by the skin of our teeth ! One more tight squeeze like that and where will we be ? '' And later she says , ... `` My nerves ca n't stand it . But if you have any ideas about improving this crazy old world , I 'm really with you . I really am . '' The Ice Age / The Great Flood / War ; we are always plagued by the potential for disaster , both natural and man - made . Art and literature are ways of advancing our humanity : enhancing empathy , tolerance , vision . Improvements in technology , though , do n't necessarily advance human nature at all .
Arizona
From statehood through the late 1940s , Arizona was primarily dominated by the Democratic Party . During this time period , the Democratic candidate for the presidency carried the state each election , with the only exceptions being the elections of 1920 , 1924 and 1928 -- all three of which were national Republican landslides .