vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
House of Lords
Unlike in the House of Commons , when the term committee is used to describe a stage of a bill , this committee does not take the form of a public bill committee , but what is described as Committee of the Whole House . It is made up of all Members of the House of Lords allowing any Member to contribute to debates if he or she chooses to do so and allows for more flexible rules of procedure . It is presided over by the Chairman of Committees .
Execution of the Romanov family
Yurovsky separated the Tsarevich Alexei and one of his sisters to be buried about 15 metres ( 50 ft ) away , in an attempt to confuse anyone who might discover the mass grave with only nine bodies . Since the female body was badly disfigured , he mistook her for Anna Demidova in his report ; Yurovsky actually wanted to destroy Alexandra 's corpse . Alexei and his sister were burned , their remaining charred bones thoroughly smashed with spades and then tossed into a smaller pit . Only 44 partial bone fragments from both corpses remained , which were not found until August 2007 .
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?
The painting is an accentuation of Gauguin 's trailblazing post-impressionistic style ; his art stressed the vivid use of colors and thick brushstrokes , tenets of the impressionists ( though the Impressionists focused on quick brushstrokes ) , while it aimed to convey an emotional or expressionistic strength . It emerged in conjunction with other avant - garde movements of the twentieth century , including cubism and fauvism .
Lana Lang (Smallville)
As Alfred Gough sees it , Lana is a by - product of Clark and Lex 's decisions . She will always love Clark , and Clark will always love her , but it was Clark 's bad decisions , and Lex 's `` basest instincts '' that make Lana the `` receptacle of all of these bad decisions '' , marking her as a tragic figure on the show . While Lana was with Clark , Kreuk characterizes her as a `` wimpy , whiny kind of girl '' ; with Lex , Lana is `` strong , powerful , and does n't have to question , ' What is going on ? What does he think ? Does he love me ? I do n't know where I stand . ' '' To clarify , Lana 's relationship with Lex brings out a darkness that had not been seen in the character . This is evident in `` Nemesis '' when Lana manipulates her way into seeing Lionel , only to interrogate him about why he forced her to marry Lex , as well as leaving Lex to die in the underground tunnels . As Gough explains , by the end of the sixth season , Lana has shown that she can beat Lex at his own games .
American Sign Language
Research on acquisition of pronouns in ASL has shown that children do not always take advantage of the iconic properties of signs when interpreting their meaning . It has been found that when children acquire the pronoun `` you '' , the iconicity of the point ( at the child ) is often confused , being treated more like a name . This is a similar finding to research in oral languages on pronoun acquisition . It has also been found that iconicity of signs does not affect immediate memory and recall ; less iconic signs are remembered just as well as highly iconic signs .
T-bone steak
The T - bone and porterhouse are steaks of beef cut from the short loin ( called the sirloin in Commonwealth countries ) . Both steaks include a `` T - shaped '' bone with meat on each side . Porterhouse steaks are cut from the rear end of the short loin and thus include more tenderloin steak , along with ( on the other side of the bone ) a large strip steak . T - bone steaks are cut closer to the front , and contain a smaller section of tenderloin . The smaller portion of a T - bone , when sold alone , is known as a filet mignon , especially if it 's cut from the small forward end of the tenderloin .
Human skin color
In hominids the parts of the body not covered with hair , like the face and the back of the hands , start out pale in infants and turn darker as animals are exposed to more sun . All human babies are born pale , regardless of what their adult color will be . In humans , melanin production does not peak until after puberty .
Stefan Salvatore
However , in the show 's third season , Stefan 's addiction returned . His humanity was taken away by Klaus , and the audience met `` The Ripper '' , his `` bloodthirsty , ruthless alter - ego who had previously only been legend '' according to Zap2it , who found `` this sociopath version of our hero far more compelling than his usual compassionate martyr self '' . Wesley , who enjoyed `` Ripper Stefan '' more , said it `` bums me out '' when Stefan quit human blood again . He said `` Good Stefan does n't feel as natural in terms of what I want to be doing on screen , and what I want to be saying . I feel a little stifled , myself , whenever he 's resisting the urge to do vampiresque things . ''
Cremation
The idea that cremation might interfere with God 's ability to resurrect the body was refuted as early as the 2nd - century Octavius of Minucius Felix , in which he said : `` Every body , whether it is dried up into dust , or is dissolved into moisture , or is compressed into ashes , or is attenuated into smoke , is withdrawn from us , but it is reserved for God in the custody of the elements . Nor , as you believe , do we fear any loss from sepulture , but we adopt the ancient and better custom of burying in the earth . '' And while there was a clear preference for burial , there was no general Church law forbidding cremation until 1866 . Even in Medieval Europe , cremation was practiced in situations where there were multitudes of corpses simultaneously present , such as after a battle , after a pestilence or famine , and where there was an imminent fear of diseases spreading from the corpses , since individual burials with digging graves would take too long and body decomposition would begin before all the corpses had been interred .
Ear
The pinna consists of the curving outer rim called the helix , the inner curved rim called the antihelix , and opens into the ear canal . The tragus protrudes and partially obscures the ear canal , as does the facing antitragus . The hollow region in front of the ear canal is called the concha . The ear canal stretches for about 1 inch ( 2.5 cm ) . The first part of the canal is surrounded by cartilage , while the second part near the eardrum is surrounded by bone . This bony part is known as the auditory bulla and is formed by the tympanic part of the temporal bone . The skin surrounding the ear canal contains ceruminous and sebaceous glands that produce protective ear wax . The ear canal ends at the external surface of the eardrum .
Chin-up
Like any pull - up , chin - ups can be performed with a kip , where the legs and back flop around to aid the exercise , or from a dead hang , where the body is kept still . Performing the chin - up correctly can be tricky with a supinated grip , because of the natural tendency to do most of the work with the elbow flexors ( largely biceps ) rather than the shoulder extensors ( largely lats ) .
Allostasis
In the long run , allostatic changes may fail to be adaptive as the maintenance of allostatic changes over a long period may result in wear and tear , the so - called allostatic load . If a dehydrated individual is helped but continues to be stressed and hence does not reinstate normal body function , the individual 's body systems will wear out . The human body is adaptable , but it can not maintain allostatic overload for very long without consequence .
Santiago de Compostela
According to a tradition that can be traced back at least to the 12th century , when it was recorded in the Codex Calixtinus , Saint James decided to return to the Holy Land after preaching in Galicia . There he was beheaded , but his disciples managed to get his body to Jaffa , where they found a marvelous stone ship which miraculously conducted them and the apostle 's body to Iria Flavia , back in Galicia . There , the disciples asked the local pagan queen Loba ( ' She - wolf ' ) for permission to bury the body ; she , annoyed , decided to deceive them , sending them to pick a pair of oxen she allegedly had by the Pico Sacro , a local sacred mountain where a dragon dwelt , hoping that the dragon would kill the Christians , but as soon as the beast attacked the disciples , at the sight of the cross , the dragon exploded . Then the disciples marched to collect the oxen , which were actually wild bulls which the queen used to punish her enemies ; but again , at the sight of the Christian 's cross , the bulls calmed down , and after being subjected to a yoke they carried the apostle 's body to the place where now Compostela is . The legend was again referred with minor changes by the Czech traveller Jaroslav Lev of Rožmitál , in the 15th century .
Theory of mind
A subsequent study , using the incongruent / congruent gaze - shift paradigm described above , found that in high - functioning adults with autism , posterior STS ( pSTS ) activation was undifferentiated while they watched a human shift gaze toward a target and then toward adjacent empty space . The lack of additional STS processing in the incongruent state may suggest that these subjects fail to form an expectation of what the actor should do given contextual information , or that feedback about the violation of this expectation does n't reach STS . Both explanations involve an impairment in the ability to link eye gaze shifts with intentional explanations . This study also found a significant anticorrelation between STS activation in the incongruent - congruent contrast and social subscale score on the Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised , but not scores on the other subscales .
Republic (Plato)
The rule of philosopher - kings appear as the issue of possibility is raised . Socrates never positively states what justice is in the human soul / city ; it appears he has created a city where justice is not found , but can be lost . It is as though in a well - ordered state , justice is not even needed , since the community satisfies the needs of humans .
I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For
`` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' originated from a demo variously titled `` The Weather Girls '' and `` Under the Weather '' that the band recorded during a jam session . Bassist Adam Clayton called the demo 's melody `` a bit of a one - note groove '' , while an unconvinced The Edge , the band 's guitarist , compared it to `` ' Eye of the Tiger ' played by a reggae band '' . However , the band liked the drum part played by drummer Larry Mullen Jr . Co-producer Daniel Lanois said , `` It was a very original beat from Larry . We always look for those beats that would qualify as a signature for the song . And that certainly was one of those . It had this tom - tom thing that he does and nobody ever understands . And we just did n't want to let go of that beat , it was so unique . '' Lanois encouraged Mullen to continue developing the weird drum pattern beyond the demo . Mullen said the beat became even more unusual , and although Lanois eventually mixed most of the pattern out to just keep the basics , the rhythm became the root of `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' . ``
Surrender of Japan
The British , Chinese , and United States Governments have given the Japanese people adequate warning of what is in store for them . We have laid down the general terms on which they can surrender . Our warning went unheeded ; our terms were rejected . Since then the Japanese have seen what our atomic bomb can do . They can foresee what it will do in the future .
Criticism of democracy
Israeli politician Rabbi Elazar Menachem Shach promoted Judaic law to be the natural governance for Jews and condemned democracy , he claimed that `` Democracy as a machinery of lies , false notions , pursuit of narrow interests and deceit - as opposed to the Torah regime , which is based on seeking the ultimate truth . '' Shach criticized democracy for having no real goals , saying `` The whole point of democracy is money . The one does what the other asks him to do in pursuit of his own interest , so as to be given what he himself asks for , and the whole purpose of the transaction is that each would get what they want . ''
Dyatlov Pass incident
An examination of the four bodies which were found in May shifted the narrative as to what had occurred during the incident . Three of the ski hikers had fatal injuries : Thibeaux - Brignolles had major skull damage , and both Dubinina and Zolotaryov had major chest fractures . According to Dr. Boris Vozrozhdenny , the force required to cause such damage would have been extremely high , comparing it to the force of a car crash . Notably , the bodies had no external wounds related to the bone fractures , as if they had been subjected to a high level of pressure . However , major external injuries were found on Dubinina , who was missing her tongue , eyes , part of the lips , as well as facial tissue and a fragment of skullbone ; she also had extensive skin maceration on the hands . It was claimed that Dubinina was found lying face down in a small stream that ran under the snow and that her external injuries were in line with putrefaction in a wet environment , and were unlikely to be related to her death .
Height in sports
The pressure drag is related to cross section size , the friction drag is related to total skin surface ( which is generally higher in tall people ) , and the wave - making drag decreases with body length because a longer body will generally generate less waves due to a decreasing Froude number . Studies have found that total drag does not increase as swimmer height increases , mostly due to the decrease in wave - making drag . Since taller swimmers tend to have bigger muscles and bigger hands and feet to propel them , then they are generally at an advantage .
Soulja Boy
`` I ca n't keep playin ' around , because if you keep playin ' around , people are gon na think you 're a joke ... At some point , you have to get serious . But do n't get it twisted , Soulja does n't wan na be the next Lupe Fiasco . I do n't want to be super-Lupe - Fiasco - lyrical and niggas do n't know what the fuck I 'm talking about , '' he added . `` I want to be the best , '' he continued . `` I want to be recognized in that category where I 'm nominated for Best Rapper with Jay - Z and Kanye and Wayne . I wan na get a Grammy . I want Best Rap Album of the Year ... I 've made millions of dollars off of doing my style , but , hey , I can rap , too . ''
English contract law
In a fourth case , the consequences of incapacity are more drastic . Although the Crown Proceedings Act 1947 made it possible for the government or emanations of the state to be sued on contracts in the same way as a normal individual , where statute confers power on a public body to do certain acts , actions by representatives beyond that power will be ultra vires and void . The result is the same as it was for companies before reform in 1989 , so that whole chains of agreements could be declared as non-existent .
Collagen
Type I : skin , tendon , vasculature , organs , bone ( main component of the organic part of bone ) Type II : cartilage ( main collagenous component of cartilage ) Type III : reticulate ( main component of reticular fibers ) , commonly found alongside type I . Type IV : forms basal lamina , the epithelium - secreted layer of the basement membrane . Type V : cell surfaces , hair , and placenta
Thermal comfort
Thermal comfort is the condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation ( ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 55 ) . The human body can be viewed as a heat engine where food is the input energy . The human body will generate excess heat into the environment , so the body can continue to operate . The heat transfer is proportional to temperature difference . In cold environments , the body loses more heat to the environment and in hot environments the body does no exert enough heat . Both the hot and cold scenarios lead to discomfort . Maintaining this standard of thermal comfort for occupants of buildings or other enclosures is one of the important goals of HVAC ( heating , ventilation , and air conditioning ) design engineers . Most people will feel comfortable at room temperature , colloquially a range of temperatures around 20 to 22 ° C ( 68 to 72 ° F ) , but this may vary greatly between individuals and depending on factors such as activity level , clothing , and humidity .
Guardians of the Galaxy (film)
We reached out to him and it was one of those things that does not happen all the time but when it does it 's very nice , where he was totally intrigued . He was a fan of what we did , he met with Jeremy Latcham in a hotel in London and learned about the characters a little bit . I spoke to him on the phone a few times . We ran it by James who loved it , ran it by Joss ( Whedon ) who loved it because Thanos is in this universe because of Avengers . Then we shot him and recorded for it .
Trojan Horse
After many years have slipped by , the leaders of the Greeks , opposed by the Fates , and damaged by the war , build a horse of mountainous size , through Pallas 's divine art , and weave planks of fir over its ribs : they pretend it 's a votive offering : this rumour spreads . They secretly hide a picked body of men , chosen by lot , there , in the dark body , filling the belly and the huge cavernous insides with armed warriors . ( ... ) Then Laocoön rushes down eagerly from the heights of the citadel , to confront them all , a large crowd with him , and shouts from far off : `` O unhappy citizens , what madness ? Do you think the enemy 's sailed away ? Or do you think any Greek gift 's free of treachery ? Is that Ulysses 's reputation ? Either there are Greeks in hiding , concealed by the wood , or it 's been built as a machine to use against our walls , or spy on our homes , or fall on the city from above , or it hides some other trick : Trojans , do n't trust this horse . Whatever it is , I 'm afraid of Greeks even those bearing gifts . ''
An-Nasr
The beginning of the first verse implicitly presents a concept of what goes on in this universe : the events that take place in this life , and the actual role of Muhammad and his followers in the progress of Islam , and to what extent it depends on their efforts . `` When the victory granted by Allah '' , denotes that it is Allah 's victory and Allah is the One Who brings it about in His Own good time , in the form He Decides and for the purpose He Determines . The Prophet and his companions have nothing to do with it at all , and they obtain no personal gain from it . It suffices them that He does it through them , appoints them as its guards and entrusts it to them . This is all they acquire from the victory of Allah , the Conquest and the people 's acceptance en masse of His religion .
Evolutionary developmental biology
Among the more surprising and , perhaps , counterintuitive ( from a neo-Darwinian viewpoint ) results of recent research in evolutionary developmental biology is that the diversity of body plans and morphology in organisms across many phyla are not necessarily reflected in diversity at the level of the sequences of genes , including those of the developmental genetic toolkit and other genes involved in development . Indeed , as Gerhart and Kirschner have noted , there is an apparent paradox : `` where we most expect to find variation , we find conservation , a lack of change '' . So , if the observed morphological novelty between different clades does not come from changes in gene sequences ( such as by mutation ) , where does it come from ? Novelty may arise by mutation - driven changes in gene regulation .
Middle ear
Mammals are unique in having evolved a three - ossicle middle - ear independently of the various single - ossicle middle ears of other land vertebrates , all during the Triassic period of geological history . Functionally , the mammalian middle ear is very similar to the single - ossicle ear of non-mammals , except that it responds to sounds of higher frequency , because these are better taken up by the inner ear ( which also responds to higher frequencies than those of non-mammals ) . The malleus , or `` hammer '' , evolved from the articular bone of the lower jaw , and the incus , or `` anvil '' , from the quadrate . In other vertebrates , these bones form the primary jaw joint , but the expansion of the dentary bone in mammals led to the evolution of an entirely new jaw joint , freeing up the old joint to become part of the ear . For a period of time , both jaw joints existed together , one medially and one laterally . The evolutionary process leading to a three - ossicle middle ear was thus an `` accidental '' byproduct of the simultaneous evolution of the new , secondary jaw joint . In many mammals , the middle ear also becomes protected within a cavity , the auditory bulla , not found in other vertebrates . A bulla evolved late in time and independently numerous times in different mammalian clades , and it can be surrounded by membranes , cartilage or bone . The bulla in humans is part of the temporal bone .
Musical theatre
You have two kinds of shows on Broadway -- revivals and the same kind of musicals over and over again , all spectacles . You get your tickets for The Lion King a year in advance , and essentially a family ... pass on to their children the idea that that 's what the theater is -- a spectacular musical you see once a year , a stage version of a movie . It has nothing to do with theater at all . It has to do with seeing what is familiar ... I do n't think the theatre will die per se , but it 's never going to be what it was ... It 's a tourist attraction . ''
Pure tone audiometry
Air conduction results in isolation , give little information regarding the type of hearing loss . When the thresholds obtained via air conduction are examined alongside those achieved with bone conduction , the configuration of the hearing loss can be determined . However , with bone conduction ( performed by placing a vibrator on the mastoid bone behind the ear ) , both cochleas are stimulated . IA for bone conduction ranges from 0 - 20 dB ( See Figure 2 ) . Therefore , conventional audiometry is ear specific , with regards to both air and bone conduction audiometry , when masking is applied .
Judge Judy
Since then , Wapner has stated , `` She is a disgrace to the profession . She does things I do n't think a judge should do . She tells people to shut up . She 's rude . She 's arrogant . She demeans people . If she does this on purpose , then that 's even worse . Judges need to observe certain standards of conduct . She just does n't do it and I resent that . The public is apt to gain the impression that this is how actual judges conduct themselves . It says ' judge ' on the nameplate on the bench and she 's wearing a robe . ''
Red panda
The red panda is specialized as a bamboo feeder with strong , curved and sharp semi-retractile claws standing inward for grasping narrow tree branches , leaves , and fruit . Like the giant panda , it has a `` false thumb '' , which is an extension of the wrist bone . When descending a tree head - first , the red panda rotates its ankle to control its descent , one of the few climbing species to do so .