vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
English contract law
In specific contracts , such as those for sales of goods , between a landlord and tenant , or in employment , the courts imply standardised contractual terms ( or terms `` implied in law '' ) . Such terms set out a menu of `` default rules '' that generally apply in absence of true agreement to the contrary . In one instance of partial codification , the Sale of Goods Act 1893 summed up all the standard contractual provisions in typical commercial sales agreements developed by the common law . This is now updated in the Sale of Goods Act 1979 , and in default of people agreeing something different in general its terms will apply . For instance , under section 12 - 14 , any contract for sale of goods carries the implied terms that the seller has legal title , that it will match prior descriptions and that it is of satisfactory quality and fit for purpose . Similarly the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 section 13 says services must be performed with reasonable care and skill . As a matter of common law the test is what terms are a `` necessary incident '' to the specific type of contract in question . This test derives from Liverpool City Council v Irwin where the House of Lords held that , although fulfilled on the facts of the case , a landlord owes a duty to tenants in a block of flats to keep the common parts in reasonable repair . In employment contracts , multiple standardised implied terms arise also , even before statute comes into play , for instance to give employees adequate information to make a judgment about how to take advantage of their pension entitlements . The primary standardised employment term is that both employer and worker owe one another an obligation of `` mutual trust and confidence '' . Mutual trust and confidence can be undermined in multiple ways , primarily where an employer 's repulsive conduct means a worker can treat herself as being constructively dismissed . In Mahmud and Malik v Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA the House of Lords held the duty was breached by the employer running the business as a cover for numerous illegal activities . The House of Lords has repeated that the term may always be excluded , but this has been disputed because unlike a contract for goods or services among commercial parties , an employment relation is characterised by unequal bargaining power between employer and worker .
Great Depression in the United States
In the `` First New Deal '' of 1933 -- 34 , A wide variety of programs were targeted toward the depression and agriculture in rural areas , in the banking industry , and for the economy as a whole . Relief programs were set up for the long - term unemployed who are routinely passed over whenever new jobs did open up . The most popular program was the Civilian Conservation Corps the put young men to work in construction jobs , especially in rural areas . Prohibition was repealed , the filling a campaign pledge and generating new tax revenues for local and state government . A series of relief programs were designed to provide jobs , in cooperation with local governments . The National Recovery Administration ( NRA ) , sought to stimulate demand and provide work and relief through increased government spending . To end Deflation the Gold standard was suspended and a series of panels comprising business leaders in each industry set regulations which ended what was called `` cut - throat competition , '' believed to be responsible for forcing down prices and profits nationwide . Several Hoover agencies were continued , most notably the Reconstruction Finance Corporation , which provided large - scale financial aid to banks , railroads , and other agencies . Reforms that had never been enacted in the 1920s now took center stage , such as the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) designed to electrify and modernize a very poor , mountainous region in Appalachia . Top
Citizenship
Many thinkers point to the concept of citizenship beginning in the early city - states of ancient Greece , although others see it as primarily a modern phenomenon dating back only a few hundred years and , for mankind , that the concept of citizenship arose with the first laws . Polis meant both the political assembly of the city - state as well as the entire society . Citizenship has generally been identified as a western phenomenon . There is a general view that citizenship in ancient times was a simpler relation than modern forms of citizenship , although this view has come under scrutiny . The relation of citizenship has not been a fixed or static relation , but constantly changed within each society , and that according to one view , citizenship might `` really have worked '' only at select periods during certain times , such as when the Athenian politician Solon made reforms in the early Athenian state .
Ashoka
The use of Buddhist sources in reconstructing the life of Ashoka has had a strong influence on perceptions of Ashoka , as well as the interpretations of his Edicts . Building on traditional accounts , early scholars regarded Ashoka as a primarily Buddhist monarch who underwent a conversion to Buddhism and was actively engaged in sponsoring and supporting the Buddhist monastic institution . Some scholars have tended to question this assessment . Romila Thappar writes about Ashoka that `` We need to see him both as a statesman in the context of inheriting and sustaining an empire in a particular historical period , and as a person with a strong commitment to changing society through what might be called the propagation of social ethics . '' The only source of information not attributable to Buddhist sources are the Ashokan Edicts , and these do not explicitly state that Ashoka was a Buddhist . In his edicts , Ashoka expresses support for all the major religions of his time : Buddhism , Brahmanism , Jainism , and Ajivikaism , and his edicts addressed to the population at large ( there are some addressed specifically to Buddhists ; this is not the case for the other religions ) generally focus on moral themes members of all the religions would accept . For example , Amartya Sen writes , `` The Indian Emperor Ashoka in the third century BCE presented many political inscriptions in favor of tolerance and individual freedom , both as a part of state policy and in the relation of different people to each other '' .
Water in California
It is projected that California 's population will grow to almost 50 million by 2050 . If the prediction comes true and there is no action to increase the water supply , the difference between water demand and supply would be between 2,000,000 and 6,000,000 acre feet ( 7.4 km ) in the year 2020 . Over the past five years California voters have approved $3 billion in bonds for water development and management . Many of these projects are incorporated in the CALFED Bay - Delta program , a federal - state program designed to reduce water supply conflicts . In August 2000 the state and federal governments approved the CALFED plan for water quality , water conservation and recycling , watershed administration , ecosystem re-establishment , delta levees , surface and groundwater storage , water transportation , and science . The plan has a thirty - year implementation period and designed to incorporate changes in conditions and knowledge about the effects of specific projects . Stage 1 was initiated in 2000 and was designed as a seven - year program . The cost is estimated to be $8.7 billion . Stage 1 water yield within the next seven to ten years is estimated to be 2,900,000 acre feet ( 3.6 km ) per year . As part of Stage 1 , an Environmental Water Account was established through the purchase of 350,000 acre feet ( 0.43 km ) of water . The EWA is used to protect fish and other wildlife without reducing water allocations to farms and municipalities .
List of Madagascar (franchise) characters
Skipper is the leader of the Adélie penguins ( despite their color - schemes not matching the real species ) and is the main character in the TV show . He has dark , sapphire - blue eyes and his body is wider than those of the other three penguins . Like the rest of the penguins , he has no idea what is expected of the penguin species , other than to `` smile and wave . '' At one point , Private used a bird biology book to tell the other penguins how to act , but since the penguins usually need the chimpanzees Phil and Mason to translate for them , it was unclear how either he or Private were able to read the biology book , which is presumably written in English . His sidekicks , Kowalski , Rico , and Private do n't talk much until The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper .
List of Watchmen characters
In the Watchmen film , Veidt is played by Matthew Goode . His costume was designed to parody the rubber suits featuring nipples in the film Batman & Robin . This incarnation of Veidt uses a German accent when speaking with friends and an American accent when speaking publicly . Instead of breeding a giant monster and placing it in New York to massacre half the city as in the comics , Veidt destroys New York , along with many major cities across the globe , with energy blasts designed to look as though Doctor Manhattan had caused it , bringing world peace .
Encyclopédie
Like Wikipedia , the Encyclopédie was a collaborative effort involving numerous writers and technicians . As do Wikipedians today , Diderot and his colleagues needed to engage with the latest technology in dealing with the problems of designing an up - to - date encyclopedia . These included what kind of information to include , how to set up links between various articles , and how to achieve the maximum readership .
How to Train Your Dragon
The sequel to How to Train Your Dragon starts during a Sword - Fighting - at - Sea lesson during a storm , but Hiccup is quite bad at sword - fighting . The fight is cut off as the boat tips over and is holed by an object , a coffin , upon which Hiccup rides back to the Isle of Berk . On the beach , it is discovered that it is the coffin of Grimbeard the Ghastly , the greatest pirate of all times and Hiccup 's great great grandfather . Soon the coffin is opened and they find out that it contains a living man , named Alvin the Treacherous , who hides his true identity under the name Alvin the Poor - but - Honest - Farmer .
Jacques-Louis David
David set out in 1790 to transform the contemporary event into a major historical picture which would appear at the Salon of 1791 as a large pen - and - ink drawing . As in the Oath of the Horatii , David represents the unity of men in the service of a patriotic ideal . The outstretched arms which are prominent in both works betray David 's deeply held belief that acts of republican virtue akin to those of the Romans were being played out in France . In what was essentially an act of intellect and reason , David creates an air of drama in this work . The very power of the people appears to be `` blowing '' through the scene with the stormy weather , in a sense alluding to the storm that would be the revolution .
How to Train Your Dragon (franchise)
The show premiered as How to Train Your Dragon Arena Spectacular on March 3 , 2012 , in Melbourne , Australia , and was followed by a New Zealand tour in April 2012 . Renamed to How to Train Your Dragon Live Spectacular , it toured United States and Canada between June 2012 and January 2013 , when it was cancelled in favour of taking the show to China where it premiered in July 2014 .
X-Men: Days of Future Past
A military scientist and the head of Trask Industries who creates a range of robots called Sentinels , designed to find and destroy mutants . Dinklage said Trask `` sees what he 's doing as a good thing -- ( his ambition is ) definitely blind and he 's quite arrogant . He has striven all his life for a certain respect and attention '' . He also said Trask is opposed by Richard Nixon . Singer said he is a fan of Dinklage and of the television series Game of Thrones in which Dinklage stars as Tyrion Lannister , which inspired him to cast Dinklage .
List of Good Witch episodes
Martha plans to re-develop Middleton , in order to improve her chances of running for governor . However , Ryan decides to take his business to Blairsville . Abigail offers to help Sam cook dinner for his date with Stephanie , but , when Abigail does n't show , Cassie saves his dinner plans . Lori researches Abigail 's past to learn she was being truthful about her life in New York City . Sam and Nick begin working on their damaged relationship . 6 6 `` The Storm '' Don McBrearty Story by : Sue Tenney Teleplay by : Bruce Graham 60 minutes April 4 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 04 ) 1006 1.81 When a blizzard threatens disaster in Middleton , Cassie must convince Sam to follow her intuition in order to help a young couple survive the storm . Brandon becomes involved in a crash and Abigail helps Stephanie after she takes a fall inside the Bistro. Grace , Anthony , & Nick get trapped inside the library . 7 7 `` Together We Stand ... '' Don McBrearty Story by : Sue Tenney Teleplay by : Bruce Graham 60 minutes April 11 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 11 ) 1007 1.92 The storm continues to threaten the lives of the people in Middleton . Cassie and Sam work together to save a young man 's life . Anthony , Grace , & Nick continue to wait out the storm in the library . Derek later takes them home . Nick 's mother , Linda , arrives at Grey House . 8 8 `` True Colors '' Craig Pryce Story by : Sue Tenney Teleplay by : Bruce Graham 120 minutes April 18 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 18 ) 1008 2.25 Cassie receives a letter that her shop could be shut down after a greedy developer bought her building ; Ryan could be to blame . Next door , Sam confronts his ex-wife Linda ( Gabrielle Miller ) as she threatens to sue for custody of Nick . Struggling to do what 's best for Nick , Sam looks for Cassie 's guidance , leading them to find comfort in each other 's company . Likewise , Nick talks to Grace about his parents ' stalemate , and her own insight helps her to see what Nick might not be ready to admit .
Electoral College (United States)
The founders ' system also encouraged the continued disfranchisement of women . In a direct national election system , any state that gave women the vote would automatically have doubled its national clout . Under the Electoral College , however , a state had no such incentive to increase the franchise ; as with slaves , what mattered was how many women lived in a state , not how many were empowered ... a state with low voter turnout gets precisely the same number of electoral votes as if it had a high turnout . By contrast , a well - designed direct election system could spur states to get out the vote . --
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort)
Flight of the Hippogriff is a steel roller coaster designed for families , located adjacent to Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey . The ride opened in 2000 as the Flying Unicorn . Similar to the Dragon Challenge , this ride was re-themed prior to the opening of the Wizarding World . The roller coaster 's back - story is that Hogwarts 's Care of Magical Creatures professor , Hagrid , is teaching young wizards to fly on a hippogriff ( as Harry does in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ) by using a wicker replica of the creature . A recreation of Hagrid 's Hut is passed on the way for a lesson from Hagrid himself on how to properly approach a hippogriff . Gringotts
Musical theatre
As transportation improved , poverty in London and New York diminished , and street lighting made for safer travel at night , the number of patrons for the growing number of theatres increased enormously . Plays ran longer , leading to better profits and improved production values , and men began to bring their families to the theatre . The first musical theatre piece to exceed 500 consecutive performances was the French operetta The Chimes of Normandy in 1878 . English comic opera adopted many of the successful ideas of European operetta , none more successfully than the series of more than a dozen long - running Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas , including H.M.S. Pinafore ( 1878 ) and The Mikado ( 1885 ) . These were sensations on both sides of the Atlantic and in Australia and helped to raise the standard for what was considered a successful show . These shows were designed for family audiences , a marked contrast from the risqué burlesques , bawdy music hall shows and French operettas that sometimes drew a crowd seeking less wholesome entertainment . Only a few 19th - century musical pieces exceeded the run of The Mikado , such as Dorothy , which opened in 1886 and set a new record with a run of 931 performances . Gilbert and Sullivan 's influence on later musical theatre was profound , creating examples of how to `` integrate '' musicals so that the lyrics and dialogue advanced a coherent story . Their works were admired and copied by early authors and composers of musicals in Britain and America .
Data model
It is common practice to draw a context - level Data flow diagram first which shows the interaction between the system and outside entities . The DFD is designed to show how a system is divided into smaller portions and to highlight the flow of data between those parts . This context - level Data flow diagram is then `` exploded '' to show more detail of the system being modeled
Logic
Logic ( from the Ancient Greek : λογική , translit . logikḗ ) , originally meaning `` the word '' or `` what is spoken '' , but coming to mean `` thought '' or `` reason '' , is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth , and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference . A valid inference is one where there is a specific relation of logical support between the assumptions of the inference and its conclusion . ( In ordinary discourse , inferences may be signified by words like therefore , hence , ergo , and so on . )
Factory Acts
All apprentices were to be educated in reading , writing and arithmetic for the first four years of their apprenticeship . The Act specified that this should be done every working day within usual working hours but did not state how much time should be set aside for it . Educational classes should be held in a part of the mill or factory designed for the purpose . Every Sunday , for one hour , apprentices were to be taught the Christian religion ; every other Sunday , divine service should be held in the factory , and every month the apprentices should visit a church . They should be prepared for confirmation in the Church of England between the ages of 14 and 18 and must be examined by a clergyman at least once a year . Male and female apprentices were to sleep separately and not more than two per bed .
Sandor Clegane
In A Storm of Swords , he is captured by the Brotherhood Without Banners which sentences him to trial by combat . Sandor prevails and is set free . He later kidnaps Arya to ransom her to her brother Robb Stark and hopes to earn a place in Robb 's service . He takes her to the Twins , where Robb is attending a wedding . However , just as they arrive , the Freys begin slaughtering the Starks . Sandor and Arya escape . They encounter three of Gregor 's men at an inn , and Sandor is seriously injured in the ensuing fight . Arya abandons him to his apparent death .
Cold War
In January 1977 , four years prior to becoming president , Ronald Reagan bluntly stated , in a conversation with Richard V. Allen , his basic expectation in relation to the Cold War . `` My idea of American policy toward the Soviet Union is simple , and some would say simplistic , '' he said . `` It is this : We win and they lose . What do you think of that ? '' In 1980 , Ronald Reagan defeated Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election , vowing to increase military spending and confront the Soviets everywhere . Both Reagan and new British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher denounced the Soviet Union and its ideology . Reagan labeled the Soviet Union an `` evil empire '' and predicted that Communism would be left on the `` ash heap of history , '' while Thatcher inculpated the Soviets as `` bent on world dominance . ''
Nature of the Beast (NCIS)
`` Nature of the Beast '' is written by Gary Glasberg and directed by Tony Wharmby . Glasberg thought about the main storyline at a hotel in Las Vegas , ending up with the idea involving Special agents Simon Cade , Gayne Levin , Erica Jane `` EJ '' Barrett and Tony DiNozzo : `` Cade is the one in the picture , but he did n't do it . The audience needs to think EJ is the one in the photo , but she is n't the traitor either . Yes , she took the microchip from Levin , but what if she did it for well - intentioned reasons ? What if the whole thing was a set - up ? '' About how to make Tony remember , `` why not bring Dr. Rachel Cranston back ? She could help Tony remember what he 'd done . She and Gibbs could help him put the pieces together '' , Glasberg say . `` I knew ( ... ) Tony , EJ and Cade needed to all be innocent pawns in someone else 's larger plan . And that 's how Stratton and Latham ( Scott Wolf and Phil Casnoff ) were born . New villains for an exciting new season '' .
Classical period (music)
One of the forces that worked as an impetus for his pressing forward was the first stirring of what would later be called Romanticism -- the Sturm und Drang , or `` storm and stress '' phase in the arts , a short period where obvious and dramatic emotionalism was a stylistic preference . Haydn accordingly wanted more dramatic contrast and more emotionally appealing melodies , with sharpened character and individuality in his pieces . This period faded away in music and literature : however , it influenced what came afterward and would eventually be a component of aesthetic taste in later decades .
Operating system
In both segmentation and paging , certain protected mode registers specify to the CPU what memory address it should allow a running program to access . Attempts to access other addresses trigger an interrupt which cause the CPU to re-enter supervisor mode , placing the kernel in charge . This is called a segmentation violation or Seg - V for short , and since it is both difficult to assign a meaningful result to such an operation , and because it is usually a sign of a misbehaving program , the kernel generally resorts to terminating the offending program , and reports the error .
Mary Alice Young
In season eight , Mary Alice appears in several flashbacks and as a ghost . In `` Making the Connection '' , it is revealed that she contemplated calling her friends for advice and support after receiving the blackmail note , but ultimately chose not to and then committed suicide . In `` Putting It Together '' , Mary Alice appears as a ghost to a suicidal Bree , who asks her if she remembers how happy their lives were on Wisteria Lane when she was alive and if she is happy now , to which Mary Alice says she is not unhappy . The series finale opens with the day Mary Alice arrived on Wisteria Lane . Martha is the first to greet her , and when Mary Alice seems unwilling to talk about where she is from , Martha guesses she has a secret and makes it her mission from that day forward to figure out what it is . At the end of the episode , Mary Alice 's spirit is seen with the ghosts of those who have died over the years on Wisteria Lane , explaining her presence all this time has been in the hopes that they can give a message to those left behind that while their lives may be desperate , they are still worth living .