vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Tokyo Godfathers
Tōru Emori ( Japanese ) and Darren Pleavin ( English ) as Gin , a gambling addict and former bicycle shop owner who claims to have been a bicycle racer . He ran away from his family when his debts became too great . His daughter , a nurse , shares the name of the newfound baby Kiyoko . Yoshiaki Umegaki ( Japanese ) and Russel Wait ( English ) as Hana , a former drag queen who became homeless following the death of a boyfriend . Hana was also a foundling , and is the most sympathetic to Kiyoko 's plight and gives the baby her name . Aya Okamoto ( Japanese ) and Candice Moore ( English ) as Miyuki , a runaway high school student who fled home following a violent argument with her father . Satomi Kōrogi as Kiyoko , a newborn baby who was abandoned in a garbage dump . Because she was found on Christmas , she is named `` Kiyoko '' based on the Japanese translation of Silent Night . Shōzō Iizuka as Ōta , a yakuza boss who the main characters save from being crushed by his car . In gratitude , he invites them to his daughter 's wedding reception . Seizō Katō as Mother , the proprietor of the gay bar Hana was formerly employed in . Hiroya Ishimaru as Yasuo , Sachiko 's husband and the one who left Kiyoko at the garbage dump . Ryūji Saikachi as an old homeless man who is discovered by Gin . He entrusts Gin with the disposal of a small red bag before passing away . Yūsaku Yara as Miyuki 's father , a policeman in charge of searching for the missing baby Kiyoko , who was separated from her family . Kyōko Terase as Sachiko , a woman who claims to be Kiyoko 's mother . Mamiko Noto as Gin 's daughter , a nurse who is also named Kiyoko . Akio Ōtsuka as a doctor engaged to Gin 's daughter Kiyoko . Rikiya Koyama as Ōta 's son - in - law , who was collecting debt from Gin . Inuko Inuyama as Kurumizawa , a resident of Sachiko 's former neighborhood . Kanako Yahara as Yamanōchi Rie Shibata as Nekobaba Kōichi Yamadera as a taxi driver
Democracy
Even though the Roman Republic contributed significantly to many aspects of democracy , only a minority of Romans were citizens with votes in elections for representatives . The votes of the powerful were given more weight through a system of gerrymandering , so most high officials , including members of the Senate , came from a few wealthy and noble families . In addition , the Roman Republic was the first government in the western world to have a Republic as a nation - state , although it did n't have much of a democracy . The Romans invented the concept of classics and many works from Ancient Greece were preserved . Additionally , the Roman model of governance inspired many political thinkers over the centuries , and today 's modern representative democracies imitate more the Roman than the Greek models because it was a state in which supreme power was held by the people and their elected representatives , and which had an elected or nominated leader . Other cultures , such as the Iroquois Nation in the Americas between around 1450 and 1600 AD also developed a form of democratic society before they came in contact with the Europeans . This indicates that forms of democracy may have been invented in other societies around the world .
Las Posadas
In Mexico , the winter solstice festival was one of the most important celebrations of the year and it was on December 12 according to the Julian calendar used by the Spaniards until 1582 . According to the Aztec calendar , Tonantzin Guadalupe ( the beloved mother of the gods ) was celebrated on the winter solstice , and she is still celebrated today on December 12 ; while their most important deity , the sun god Huitzilopochtli , was born during the month of December ( panquetzaliztli ) . The parallel in time between this native celebration and the birth of the Christ lent itself to an almost seamless merging of the two holidays . Seeing the opportunity to proselytize , Spanish missionaries brought the custom of the re-invented religious pageant to Mexico , where they used it to teach the story of Jesus ' birth to Mexico 's people . In 1586 , Friar Diego de Soria obtained a papal bull from Pope Sixtus V , stating that a Christmas Mass ( misa de Aguinaldo ) , be observed as novenas on the nine days preceding Christmas Day throughout Mexico .
Sherman's March to the Sea
V. To army corps commanders alone is entrusted the power to destroy mills , houses , cotton - gins , &c. , and for them this general principle is laid down : In districts and neighborhoods where the army is unmolested no destruction of such property should be permitted ; but should guerrillas or bushwhackers molest our march , or should the inhabitants burn bridges , obstruct roads , or otherwise manifest local hostility , then army commanders should order and enforce a devastation more or less relentless according to the measure of such hostility .
Ghostface (Scream)
As in film , Ghostface has been referenced repeatedly in various television programs and commercials . In the same year as the release of Scream 3 , the mask made an appearance on Beverly Hills 90210 and the Nickelodeon series Cousin Skeeter . It was also used as an ornament in the bedroom of the character Dawson in Dawson 's Creek , a show created by Scream writer , Williamson . The character appears in a 1999 episode of Celebrity Deathmatch entitled `` The Unknown Murderer '' , where he threatens to kill a scream queen every round , murdering Barrymore , Jamie Lee Curtis , and Jennifer Love Hewitt before planting his cell phone on a platypus to frame him , causing Campbell and Sarah Michelle Gellar to fight it . The mask was later used in The Sopranos episode `` Fortunate Son '' ( 2001 ) where it is worn by the character Christopher to commit a robbery .
English contract law
In a number of instances , the courts avoid enforcement of contracts where , although there is a formal offer and acceptance , little objective agreement exists otherwise . In Hartog v Colin & Shields , where the seller of some Argentine hare skins quoted his prices far below what previous negotiations had suggested , the buyer could not enforce the agreement because any reasonable person would have known the offer was not serious , but a mistake . Moreover , if two parties think they reach an agreement , but their offer and acceptance concerns two entirely different things , the court will not enforce a contract . In Raffles v Wichelhaus , Raffles thought he was selling cotton aboard one ship called The Peerless , which would arrive from Bombay in Liverpool in December , but Wichelhaus thought he was buying cotton aboard another ship called The Peerless that would arrive in September . The court held there was never consensus ad idem ( Latin : `` agreement to the ( same ) thing '' ) . Where agreements totally fail , but one party has performed work at another 's request , relying on the idea that there will be a contract , that party may make a claim for the value of the work done , or quantum meruit . Such a restitution claim allows recovery for the expense the claimant goes to , but will not cover her expectation of potential profits , because there is no agreement to be enforced .
Ant-Man and the Wasp
Luma worked on the scenes where Ant - Man and the Wasp infiltrate Ghost 's hideout , where they had to recreate the entire environment with CGI . They also created the first quantum tunnel sequence where Ghost receives her powers , and the flashback missile launch , which had to be replicated exactly from how it appeared in Ant - Man so it would look and feel similar . The new version of the Quantum Realm , designed by Reed and production VFX supervisor Stephane Ceretti , was designed by Method . On their design , Method Studios VFX Supervisor Andrew Hellen , explained , `` We did a lot of research into macro and cellular level photography , and played with different ways to visualize quantum mechanics . It has a very magical quality , with a scientific edge . We also used glitching effects and macro lensing to ground the footage , and keep it from feeling too terrestrial . '' Method also worked on the sequence when Lang is the size of a preschooler at the school , and created the digital doubles for Ant - Man and Wasp . For the digital doubles , Method generally kept the same level of detail on the suits , regardless of what scale they were .
1960 Valdivia earthquake
Puerto Montt , a major city today , had in the early 1960s about 49,500 inhabitants . The bulk of the damage in Puerto Montt was located in the neighborhood of Barrio Modelo and the northern part of Bahía Angelmó , where artificial fills subsided . Angelmó and other coastal areas of Puerto Montt were among the few urban areas that suffered `` total destruction '' by the earthquake .
Tom Lehrer
He remained in Harvard 's doctoral program for several years , taking time out for his musical career and to work as a researcher at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory . He was drafted into the U.S. Army from 1955 to 1957 , working at the National Security Agency . ( Lehrer has stated that he invented the Jell - O Shot during this time , as a means of circumventing liquor restrictions . ) These experiences became fodder for songs , e.g. , `` Fight Fiercely , Harvard '' , `` The Wild West Is Where I Want to Be '' and `` It Makes a Fellow Proud to Be a Soldier '' .
Carburetor
Older engines used updraft carburetors , where the air enters from below the carburetor and exits through the top . This had the advantage of never flooding the engine , as any liquid fuel droplets would fall out of the carburetor instead of into the intake manifold ; it also lent itself to use of an oil bath air cleaner , where a pool of oil below a mesh element below the carburetor is sucked up into the mesh and the air is drawn through the oil - covered mesh ; this was an effective system in a time when paper air filters did not exist .
Where the Red Fern Grows
I remember crying so much through this book , and even today I tear up thinking of Old Dan and Little Ann . I also loaned this to my ( then ) children 's librarian , because the library copy was always out . I even marked the pages , `` Get out tissue here . '' --
Ryukyu Islands
Following are the grouping and names used by the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department of the Japan Coast Guard . The islands are listed from north to south where possible .
Operating theater
In 1884 German surgeon Gustav Neuber implemented a comprehensive set of restrictions to ensure sterilization and aseptic operating conditions through the use of gowns , caps , and shoe covers , all of which were cleansed in his newly invented autoclave . In 1885 he designed and built a private hospital in the woods where the walls , floors and hands , arms and faces of staff were washed with mercuric chloride , instruments were made with flat surfaces and the shelving was easy - to - clean glass . Neuber also introduced separate operating theaters for infected and uninfected patients and the use of heated and filtered air in the theater to eliminate germs . In 1890 surgical gloves were introduced to the practice of medicine by William Halsted . Aseptic surgery was pioneered in the United States by Charles McBurney .
Apollo
Hermes ran to Thessaly , where Apollo was grazing his cattle . The infant Hermes stole a number of his cows and took them to a cave in the woods near Pylos , covering their tracks . In the cave , he found a tortoise and killed it , then removed the insides . He used one of the cow 's intestines and the tortoise shell and made the first lyre .
Ghaggar-Hakra River
In later texts like the Mahabharata , the Rigvedic Sutudri ( of unknown , non-Sanskrit etymology ) is called Shatudri ( Shatadru / Shatadhara ) , which means a river with 100 flows . As mentioned , the Sutlej ( and the Beas and Ravi ) have frequently changed their courses . The Beas probably joined the Sutlej ( as in Rgveda 3.33 ) further downstream from where it joins that river today . Before that time , the Sutlej is said to have flowed into Ghaggar .
List of Attack on Titan characters
Eld Jinn ( エルド ・ ジン , Erudo Jin , alt . `` Eld Gin '' ) Deputy leader of the Special Operations Squad , who possesses a calm demeanor , having a record of 14 Titan kills and 32 assists . After the Female Titan is initially captured and assumed to be devoured , Eld leads the Squad to protect Eren in their retreat , but when the Female titan reappears , she kills Eld . He is voiced by Susumu Chiba . In the Funimation English dub , his name is spelled Eld Gin and he is voiced by Vic Mignogna .
Drinking establishment
A public house , informally known as a `` pub '' , is an establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises in countries and regions of British influence . Although the terms are increasingly used to refer to the same thing , there is a definite difference between pubs , bars , inns , taverns and lounges where alcohol is served commercially . A pub that offers lodging may be called an inn or ( more recently ) hotel in the United Kingdom . Today , many pubs in the UK , Canada and Australia with the word `` inn '' or `` hotel '' in their names no longer offer accommodation , and in some cases have never done so . Some pubs bear the name of `` hotel '' because they are in countries where stringent anti-drinking laws were once in force . In Scotland until 1976 , only hotels could serve alcohol on Sundays . In Wales , an 1881 Act applied the same law until 1961 when local polls could lift such a ban in a district and in 1996 the last ban was lifted in Dwyfor . The need for such polls was removed by the Welsh Assembly in 2003 .
Child labour
From the 1950s on , the students were also used for unpaid work at schools , where they cleaned and performed repairs . This practice has continued in the Russian Federation , where up to 21 days of the summer holidays is sometimes set aside for school works . By law , this is only allowed as part of specialised occupational training and with the students ' and parents ' permission , but those provisions are widely ignored . In 2012 there was an accident near city of Nalchik where a car killed several pupils cleaning up a highway shoulder during their `` holiday work '' as well as their teacher who was supervising them .
Kitchen cabinet
Soft Close is one of the most widely used hardware upgrade , a system where once a door / drawer is pushed to close , a mechanism slows the momentum of the door / drawer , closing it gently and quietly . This system is beneficial in reducing slamming doors , injuries to children and wear and tear on the cupboard .
Modem
Direct broadcast satellite , WiFi , and mobile phones all use modems to communicate , as do most other wireless services today . Modern telecommunications and data networks also make extensive use of radio modems where long distance data links are required . Such systems are an important part of the PSTN , and are also in common use for high - speed computer network links to outlying areas where fibre is not economical .
Great Depression
If we contrast the 1930s with the Crash of 2008 where gold went through the roof , it is clear that the U.S. dollar on the gold standard was a completely different animal in comparison to the fiat free - floating U.S. dollar currency we have today . Both currencies in 1929 and 2008 were the U.S. dollar , but in an analogous way it is as if one was a Saber - toothed tiger and the other is a Bengal tiger ; they are two completely different animals . Where we have experienced inflation since the Crash of 2008 , the situation was much different in the 1930s when deflation set in . Unlike the deflation of the early 1930s , the U.S. economy currently appears to be in a `` liquidity trap , '' or a situation where monetary policy is unable to stimulate an economy back to health . In terms of the stock market , nearly three years after the 1929 crash , the DJIA dropped 8.4 % on August 12 , 1932 . Where we have experienced great volatility with large intraday swings in the past two months , in 2011 , we have not experienced any record - shattering daily percentage drops to the tune of the 1930s . Where many of us may have that ' 30s feeling , in light of the DJIA , the CPI , and the national unemployment rate , we are simply not living in the ' 30s . Some individuals may feel as if we are living in a depression , but for many others the current global financial crisis simply does not feel like a depression akin to the 1930s .
Upper Deck Company
Upper Deck was also the first to insert swatches of game - used material into cards when it made jersey cards in 1997 UD Basketball . The insert set was called Game Jersey and a similar set followed in baseball the next year , where UD cut up game - used jerseys of Ken Griffey , Jr. , Tony Gwynn and Rey Ordóñez .
Bert and Ernie
This is referenced in the Sesame Street special Elmo Saves Christmas , where due to Elmo 's wish , Christmas repeats itself every day and `` It 's a Wonderful Life '' plays on television continuously . The part where Bert and Ernie are referenced is toward the end , where the two ( who do n't speak ) are walking by the television and stop short when they hear their names mentioned .
Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
During the late eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth century , the armies of the East India Company , in particular those of the Bengal Presidency , were victorious and indomitable -- the term `` high noon of the sepoy army '' has been used by a military historian . The Company had an unbroken series of victories in India , against the Marathas , Mysore , north Indian states , and the Gurkhas , later against the Sikhs , and further afield in China and Burma . The Company had developed a military organisation where , in theory , fealty of the sepoys to the Company was considered the height of `` izzat '' or honour , where the European officer replaced the village headman with benevolent figures of authority , and where regiments were mostly recruited from sepoys belonging to the same caste , and community .
Eyepiece
The first eyepieces had only a single lens element , which delivered highly distorted images . Two and three - element designs were invented soon after , and quickly became standard due to the improved image quality . Today , engineers assisted by computer - aided drafting software have designed eyepieces with seven or eight elements that deliver exceptionally large , sharp views .
Xenon
Xenon is used in light - emitting devices called xenon flash lamps , used in photographic flashes and stroboscopic lamps ; to excite the active medium in lasers which then generate coherent light ; and , occasionally , in bactericidal lamps . The first solid - state laser , invented in 1960 , was pumped by a xenon flash lamp , and lasers used to power inertial confinement fusion are also pumped by xenon flash lamps . Xenon
Mesopotamia
The region was one of the four riverine civilizations where writing was invented , along with the Nile valley in Egypt , the Indus Valley Civilization in the Indian subcontinent , and the Yellow River in China . Mesopotamia housed historically important cities such as Uruk , Nippur , Nineveh , Assur and Babylon , as well as major territorial states such as the city of Eridu , the Akkadian kingdoms , the Third Dynasty of Ur , and the various Assyrian empires . Some of the important historical Mesopotamian leaders were Ur - Nammu ( king of Ur ) , Sargon of Akkad ( who established the Akkadian Empire ) , Hammurabi ( who established the Old Babylonian state ) , Ashur - uballit II and Tiglath - Pileser I ( who established the Assyrian Empire ) .
Geography of Maharashtra
The soils of Maharashtra are residual , derived from the underlying basalts . In the semi-dry plateau , the regur ( black - cotton soil ) is clayey , rich in iron , but poor in nitrogen and organic matter ; it is moisture - retentive . Where redeposited along the river valleys , those kali soils are deeper and heavier , better suited for rabi crops . Farther away , with a better mixture of lime , the morand soils form the ideal Kharif zone . The higher plateau areas have pather soils , which contain more gravel . In the rainy Konkan , and the Sahyadri Range , the same basalts give rise to the brick - red laterites productive under a forest - cover , but readily stripped into a sterile varkas when the vegetation is removed . By and large , soils of Maharashtra are shallow and somewhat poor .
Golden Gate Bridge
The bridge was originally painted with red lead primer and a lead - based topcoat , which was touched up as required . In the mid-1960s , a program was started to improve corrosion protection by stripping the original paint and repainting the bridge with zinc silicate primer and vinyl topcoats . Since 1990 , acrylic topcoats have been used instead for air - quality reasons . The program was completed in 1995 and it is now maintained by 38 painters who touch up the paintwork where it becomes seriously corroded .
Neuroanatomy of memory
Retinal sensors send signals through the optic tract to the Lateral geniculate nucleus . Once the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus receives the information it is sent down the primary visual cortex where it is organized and sent down one of two possible path ways ; dorsal or ventral stream . The ventral stream is responsible for object representation and recognition and is also commonly known as the `` what '' stream . The dorsal stream is responsible for guiding our actions and recognizing where objects are in space , commonly known as the `` where '' or `` how '' stream . Once in the information is organized and sent through the pathways it continues to the other areas of the brain responsible for visual processing .
Waikato River
As well as being a water and recreation resource , the river was historically a critical communications and transport link for the communities along it . It took about 3 days to paddle a waka from Waiuku to the Cambridge / Te Awamutu area . Taupo , Mangakino , Cambridge , Hamilton , Horotiu , Ngaruawahia , Huntly , Hampton Downs , Meremere , Waiuku and Port Waikato are on or close to it . The Waikato River in Hamilton is frequently used by rowers , kayakers and powered pleasure craft . Water - skiers and jet skis have zones outside the city limits where they can be used .
Standard Oil
The evidence is , in fact , absolutely conclusive that the Standard Oil Co. charges altogether excessive prices where it meets no competition , and particularly where there is little likelihood of competitors entering the field , and that , on the other hand , where competition is active , it frequently cuts prices to a point which leaves even the Standard little or no profit , and which more often leaves no profit to the competitor , whose costs are ordinarily somewhat higher .
Vespers
The Byzantine Rite has three basic types of vespers : great , daily , and small . Great vespers is used on Sundays and major feast days ( those when the Polyeleos is prescribed at matins ) when it may be celebrated alone or as part of an All - Night Vigil , as well as on a handful of special days e.g. , Good Friday and Pascha afternoon ; on certain days of strict fasting it also commences the divine liturgy . Daily vespers is otherwise used . Small vespers is a very abbreviated form used only on the afternoon before a vigil and is redundant to the subsequent great vespers , being a place holder betwixt the ninth hour and compline and is seldom used except in monasteries where the vigil literally lasts all night .
Christmas traditions
Christmas is observed widely on December 25 . Governments recognizing the holiday include those of : the United States , where it is a federal holiday for federal employees and a legal holiday in the respective States ; Canada , where it is a nationwide statutory holiday ; Mexico , where it is also a nationwide statutory holiday ; and several others . Canada