vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Ideal gas
U ( S , V , N ) = c ^ V N k ( N Φ V e S / N k ) 1 / c ^ V ( \ displaystyle U ( S , V , N ) = ( \ hat ( c ) ) _ ( V ) Nk \ left ( ( \ frac ( N \ Phi ) ( V ) ) \ , e ^ ( S / Nk ) \ right ) ^ ( 1 / ( \ hat ( c ) ) _ ( V ) ) ) A ( T , V , N ) = N k T ( c ^ V − ln ⁡ ( V T c ^ V N Φ ) ) ( \ displaystyle A ( T , V , N ) = NkT \ left ( ( \ hat ( c ) ) _ ( V ) - \ ln \ left ( ( \ frac ( VT ^ ( ( \ hat ( c ) ) _ ( V ) ) ) ( N \ Phi ) ) \ right ) \ right ) ) H ( S , P , N ) = c ^ P N k ( P Φ k e S / N k ) 1 / c ^ P ( \ displaystyle H ( S , P , N ) = ( \ hat ( c ) ) _ ( P ) Nk \ left ( ( \ frac ( P \ Phi ) ( k ) ) \ , e ^ ( S / Nk ) \ right ) ^ ( 1 / ( \ hat ( c ) ) _ ( P ) ) ) G ( T , P , N ) = N k T ( c ^ P − ln ⁡ ( k T c ^ P P Φ ) ) ( \ displaystyle G ( T , P , N ) = NkT \ left ( ( \ hat ( c ) ) _ ( P ) - \ ln \ left ( ( \ frac ( kT ^ ( ( \ hat ( c ) ) _ ( P ) ) ) ( P \ Phi ) ) \ right ) \ right ) )
Postulates of special relativity
The physical theory given by classical mechanics , and Newtonian gravity is consistent with Galilean relativity , but not special relativity . Conversely , Maxwell 's equations are not consistent with Galilean relativity unless one postulates the existence of a physical aether . In a surprising number of cases , the laws of physics in special relativity ( such as the famous equation E = m c 2 ( \ displaystyle E = mc ^ ( 2 ) ) ) can be deduced by combining the postulates of special relativity with the hypothesis that the laws of special relativity approach the laws of classical mechanics in the non-relativistic limit .
South Africa
Mafadi in the Drakensberg at 3,450 m ( 11,320 ft ) is the highest peak in South Africa . Excluding the Prince Edward Islands , the country lies between latitudes 22 ° and 35 ° S , and longitudes 16 ° and 33 ° E .
Karachi
Karachi ڪراچي Metropolis Clockwise from top : The tomb of Muhammad Ali Jinnah , Frere Hall , a view of I.I. Chundrigar Road , the Karachi Port Trust Building , the Mohatta Palace , Port of Karachi Emblem Nickname ( s ) : City of the Quaid , Paris of Asia , The City of Lights , Bride of the Cities Karachi Karachi Show map of Sindh Show map of Pakistan Show all Location in Pakistan Coordinates : 24 ° 51 ′ 36 '' N 67 ° 0 ′ 36 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 24.86000 ° N 67.01000 ° E ﻿ / 24.86000 ; 67.01000 Coordinates : 24 ° 51 ′ 36 '' N 67 ° 0 ′ 36 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 24.86000 ° N 67.01000 ° E ﻿ / 24.86000 ; 67.01000 Country Pakistan Province Sindh Metropolitan Corporation 2011 City Council City Complex , Gulshan - e-Iqbal Town Districts 6 ( show ) Central Karachi East Karachi South Karachi West Karachi Korangi Malir Government Type Metropolitan City Mayor of Karachi Waseem Akhtar Deputy Mayor of Karachi Arshad Vohra Area Total 3,780 km ( 1,460 sq mi ) Elevation 8 m ( 26 ft ) Population ( 2017 ) Total 14,910,352 Rank 1 ( Pakistan ) Demonym ( s ) Karachiite Time zone PKT ( UTC + 05 : 00 ) Postal codes 74XXX -- 75XXX Dialing code + 9221 - XXXX XXXX HDI 0.69 HDI Category Medium Website www.kmc.gos.pk
Filipino alphabet
Letters Name Phonemic Values Notes ey / a / bi / b / sometimes indistinguishable with v si / k / , / s / di / d / i / e / , / i / ef / f / , / p / dyi / g / , / dʒ / , / h / eyts / h / ay / i / , / e / J dyey / dʒ / , / h / sometimes indistinguishable with digraph dy key / k / el / l / em / m / en / n / Ñ enye / ɲ / Ng endyi / ŋ / O o / o / , / u / pi / p / Q kyu / k / ar / ɾ / es / s / ti / t / U yu / u / , / o / V vi dobolyu / w / X eks / ks / Y way / j / Z zi / z / , / s / sometimes indistinguishable with s
Salt Lake City
The 9th and 9th Street Festival is a neighborhood festival celebration of art , music , crafts , antiques , collectibles and people held annual at the intersection of the streets 900 E and 900 S , which is a neighborhood with shops and restaurants . Carmelite
Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei
Pontifical Shrine of the Blessed Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei Pontificio Santuario della Beata Vergine del Santo Rosario di Pompei The shrine dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary Basic information Location Pompei , Italy Geographic coordinates 40 ° 45 ′ 0 '' N 14 ° 30 ′ 2 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 40.75000 ° N 14.50056 ° E ﻿ / 40.75000 ; 14.50056 Coordinates : 40 ° 45 ′ 0 '' N 14 ° 30 ′ 2 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 40.75000 ° N 14.50056 ° E ﻿ / 40.75000 ; 14.50056 Affiliation Roman Catholic Province Territorial Prelature of Pompei Country Italy Year consecrated 1901 Ecclesiastical or organizational status Cathedral , minor basilica , shrine Leadership Mons . Carlo Liberati Website www.santuario.it Architectural description Architect ( s ) Antonio Cua , Spirito Maria Chiappetta Architectural type Church Groundbreaking 1876 Completed 1901 Specifications Direction of façade Capacity 6000 Length 95 m ( 312 ft ) Width 55 m ( 180 ft ) Width ( nave ) 30 m ( 98 ft ) Height ( max ) 57 m ( 187 ft ) Materials Masonry , reinforced concrete
Filipino alphabet
Most languages in the Philippines ' common vowels are , / a / / i / , and / u / . After the adaptation of the lingua franca and spreading to be considered as the national language of the country , vowels / e / and / o / in the long run have been famous .
Colombo
Colombo කොළඹ கொழும்பு City Metropolis Clockwise from top left : BOC Tower , Colombo Skyline , Colombo Skyline ( Gangaramaya Temple ) , Colombo Skyline ( Galle Face ) , Old Parliament , Colombo Skyline ( Gangaramaya Temple ) , BOC Tower and WTC Twin Tower , Independence Square , WTC Twin Tower Seal Colombo Location in Sri Lanka Coordinates : 6 ° 56 ′ 04 '' N 79 ° 50 ′ 34 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 6.93444 ° N 79.84278 ° E ﻿ / 6.93444 ; 79.84278 Coordinates : 6 ° 56 ′ 04 '' N 79 ° 50 ′ 34 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 6.93444 ° N 79.84278 ° E ﻿ / 6.93444 ; 79.84278 Country Sri Lanka Province Western Province District Colombo District Government Municipal Council Colombo Municipal Council Headquarters Town Hall Mayor Mohommad Muzammil ( UNP ) Area City 37.31 km ( 14.41 sq mi ) Elevation 1 m ( 3 ft ) Population ( 2011 ) City 752,993 Density 20,182 / km ( 52,270 / sq mi ) Urban 2,323,826 Metro 5,648,000 Time zone SLST ( UTC + 05 : 30 ) Postal code 0xxxx Area code ( s ) 011 Website www.colombo.mc.gov.lk Colombo
Unbiased estimation of standard deviation
The variance of the sample mean can then be estimated by substituting an estimate of σ . One such estimate can be obtained from the equation for E ( s ) given above . First define the following constants , assuming , again , a known ACF :
Helsinki
Helsingfors City Helsingin kaupunki Helsingfors stad City of Helsinki Clockwise from top : Helsinki Cathedral , view of central Helsinki , Sanoma building and Kiasma , Helsinki city centre at night , beaches at Aurinkolahti , Parliament House and Suomenlinna . Coat of arms Nickname ( s ) : Stadi , Hesa Location in the Uusimaa region and the Greater Helsinki sub-region Helsinki Location in Finland & Europe Helsinki Helsinki ( Europe ) Show map of Finland Show map of Europe Show all Coordinates : 60 ° 10 ′ 15 '' N 24 ° 56 ′ 15 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 60.17083 ° N 24.93750 ° E ﻿ / 60.17083 ; 24.93750 Coordinates : 60 ° 10 ′ 15 '' N 24 ° 56 ′ 15 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 60.17083 ° N 24.93750 ° E ﻿ / 60.17083 ; 24.93750 Country Finland Region Uusimaa Sub-region Greater Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government Mayor Jan Vapaavuori Area ( 2018 - 01 - 01 ) City 715.48 km ( 276.25 sq mi ) Land 213.75 km ( 82.53 sq mi ) Water 501.74 km ( 193.72 sq mi ) Urban 672.08 km ( 259.49 sq mi ) Metro 3,697.52 km ( 1,427.62 sq mi
Romance languages
In French and Catalan , loss of / o / and / e / in most unstressed final syllables has caused the - os and - es classes to merge . In French , merger of remaining / e / with final / a / into ( ə ) , and its subsequent loss , has completely obscured the original Romance system , and loss of final / s / has caused most nouns to have identical pronunciation in singular and plural , although they are still marked differently in spelling ( e.g. femme -- femmes `` woman -- women '' , both pronounced / fam / ) .
Force field (physics)
In Newtonian gravity , a particle of mass M creates a gravitational field g → = − G M r 2 r ^ ( \ displaystyle ( \ vec ( g ) ) = ( \ frac ( - GM ) ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ( \ hat ( r ) ) ) , where the radial unit vector r ^ ( \ displaystyle ( \ hat ( r ) ) ) points away from the particle . The gravitational force experienced by a particle of mass m is given by F → = m g → ( \ displaystyle ( \ vec ( F ) ) = m ( \ vec ( g ) ) ) . An electric field E → ( \ displaystyle ( \ vec ( E ) ) ) is a vector field . It exerts a force on a point charge q given by F → = q E → ( \ displaystyle ( \ vec ( F ) ) = q ( \ vec ( E ) ) ) . a gravitational force field is a model used to explain the influence that a massive body extends into the space around itself , producing a force on another massive body. ,
Italian language
Intervocalic ⟨ s ⟩ varies regionally between / s / and / z / , with / z / being more dominant in northern Italy and / s / in the south . The letters ⟨ c ⟩ and ⟨ g ⟩ vary in pronunciation between plosives and affricates depending on following vowels . The letter ⟨ c ⟩ symbolizes / k / when word - final and before the back vowels ⟨ a , o , u ⟩ . It symbolizes / tʃ / as in chair before the front vowels ⟨ e , i ⟩ . The letter ⟨ g ⟩ symbolizes / ɡ / when word - final and before the back vowels ⟨ a , o , u ⟩ . It symbolizes / dʒ / as in gem before the front vowels ⟨ e , i ⟩ . Other Romance languages and , to an extent , English have similar variations for ⟨ c , g ⟩ . Compare hard and soft C , hard and soft G. ( See also palatalization . ) The digraphs ⟨ ch ⟩ and ⟨ gh ⟩ indicate or preserve hardness ( / k / and / ɡ / ) before ⟨ i , e ⟩ . The digraphs ⟨ ci ⟩ and ⟨ gi ⟩ indicate or preserve softness ( / tʃ / and / dʒ / ) before ⟨ a , o , u ⟩ . For example :
Southern Ocean
Cook then turned northward to look for French Southern and Antarctic Lands , of the discovery of which he had received news at Cape Town , but from the rough determination of his longitude by Kerguelen , Cook reached the assigned latitude 10 ° too far east and did not see it . He turned south again and was stopped by ice in 61 ° 52 ′ S by 95 ° E and continued eastward nearly on the parallel of 60 ° S to 147 ° E. On 16 March , the approaching winter drove him northward for rest to New Zealand and the tropical islands of the Pacific . In November 1773 , Cook left New Zealand , having parted company with the Adventure , and reached 60 ° S by 177 ° W , whence he sailed eastward keeping as far south as the floating ice allowed . The Antarctic Circle was crossed on 20 December and Cook remained south of it for three days , being compelled after reaching 67 ° 31 ′ S to stand north again in 135 ° W .
History of Antarctica
Cook then turned northward to look for French Southern and Antarctic Lands , of the discovery of which he had received news at Cape Town , but from the rough determination of his longitude by Kerguelen , Cook reached the assigned latitude 10 ° too far east and did not see it . He turned south again and was stopped by ice in 61 ° 52 ′ S by 95 ° E and continued eastward nearly on the parallel of 60 ° S to 147 ° E. On 16 March , the approaching winter drove him northward for rest to New Zealand and the tropical islands of the Pacific . In November 1773 , Cook left New Zealand , having parted company with the Adventure , and reached 60 ° S by 177 ° W , whence he sailed eastward keeping as far south as the floating ice allowed . The Antarctic Circle was crossed on 20 December and Cook remained south of it for three days , being compelled after reaching 67 ° 31 ′ S to stand north again in 135 ° W .
SS Great Britain
The original intent was to restore her to her 1843 state . However , the philosophy changed and the conservation of all surviving pre-1970 material became the aim . In 1984 the SS Great Britain was designated as a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers , the fourth such designation outside the USA .
Death Star
The Death Star placed ninth in a 2008 20th Century Fox poll of the most popular movie weapons . It is also referred to outside of the Star Wars context .
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Locations of individual stars are not necessarily random or arbitrary . Stars of most legendary and world - famous celebrities -- the so - called `` show business royalty '' -- are found in front of TCL ( formerly Grauman 's ) Chinese Theatre . Oscar winners ' stars are usually placed near the Dolby Theatre , site of the annual Academy Awards presentations . Decisions are occasionally made with a dollop of whimsy : Mike Myers 's star , for example , lies in front of an adult store called the International Love Boutique , an association with his Austin Powers roles ; Roger Moore 's star is located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard in recognition of his seven James Bond films ; Ed O'Neill 's star is located outside a shoe store in reference to his character 's occupation on the TV show Married ... with Children ; and the last star , at the very end of the westernmost portion of the Walk , belongs to The Dead End Kids .
Binary star
If a star grows outside of its Roche lobe too fast for all abundant matter to be transferred to the other component , it is also possible that matter will leave the system through other Lagrange points or as stellar wind , thus being effectively lost to both components . Since the evolution of a star is determined by its mass , the process influences the evolution of both companions , and creates stages that can not be attained by single stars .
Hassan Whiteside
2010 Sporting News second team All - American 2010 Conference USA Defensive Player of the Year 2010 Conference USA Freshman of the Year 2010 Conference USA All - Freshman Team 2010 A member of FOXSports.com 's All - Freshman Team 2010 CBSSports.com Freshman All - American Team 2010 Conference USA All - Defensive Team 2010 Conference USA 7 - time Rookie of The Week 2010 Second Team All - Conference USA 2010 NCAA Second Team All - Freshman Team 2010 NCAA Division I blocks leader 2010 First NCAA Conference USA player to ever record three triple - doubles in a season
LeBron James
2003 National Champion Three - time OHSAA Champion : 2000 , 2001 , 2003 Two - time Gatorade National Player of the Year 2002 , 2003 Two - time USA Today High School Player of the Year 2002 , 2003 Three - time Ohio Mr. Basketball : 2001 , 2002 , 2003 Three - time USA Today All - USA First Team : 2001 , 2002 , 2003 Two - time PARADE High School Player of the Year : 2002 , 2003 2003 Naismith Prep Player of the Year 2003 McDonald 's National Player of the Year 2003 McDonald 's High School All - American 2003 McDonald 's All - American Game 2003 2003 EA Sports Roundball Classic MVP 2003 Jordan Capital Classic MVP Number 23 retired by St. Vincent - St. Mary St. Vincent - St. Mary Hall of Fame ( class of 2011 ) St. Vincent - St. Mary home basketball court named The LeBron James Arena
Video poker
Bally Technologies All American video poker is based on Jacks or Better with an increased payout for flushes , straights and straight flushes , but reduced payout for full houses and two pairs ( 8 - 8 - 8 - 3 - 1 versus 9 - 6 - 4 - 3 - 2 ) . The full pay version ( quads return 50 bets ) , once common but now rare , is one of the highest return versions of video poker offered , but the play strategy is very complex and mastered by few . IGT 's version of the game is called USA Poker .
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film three out of four stars , saying `` Nearly as exuberant as the original , How to Train Your Dragon 2 nimbly avoids sequel-itis . '' Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film four out of four stars , saying `` The impressive part is the storytelling confidence of writer / director Dean DeBlois . He has created a thoughtful tale as meaningful for grown - ups as it is pleasurable for its young primary audience . '' Stephanie Merry of The Washington Post gave the film three - and - a-half stars out of four , saying `` This may be the first and last time anyone says this , but if How to Train Your Dragon 2 is this good , why stop at 3 and 4 ? '' Moira MacDonald of The Seattle Times gave the film three - and - a-half stars out of four , saying `` Young and old fans of the first movie will be lining up for the wit , for the inventiveness of the characters , for the breathtaking visuals -- and just the sheer fun of it all . '' Tirdad Derakhshani of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film three - and - a-half stars out of four , saying `` One of this year 's true surprises , the superior animated sequel not only is infused with the same independent spirit and off - kilter aesthetic that enriched the original , it also deepens the first film 's major themes . '' Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star - Ledger gave the film two - and - a-half stars out of four , saying `` This was not a sequel that anybody needed , outside of the accountants . And there 's another already planned . '' John Semley of The Globe and Mail gave the film four out of four stars , saying `` More than just teaching kids what to think about the world they 're coming into , it 's a rare film that encourages them to think for themselves . ''
Logan (film)
Brian Truitt of USA Today said , `` Easily the best Wolverine outing , Logan is ( the ) Dark Knight of the mutant - filled X-franchise , a gripping film that transcends the comic - book genre by saying something important . '' Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 / 4 , and called it `` a hard - ass , R - rated rager that explodes with action '' . Amy Nicholson of MTV called it `` a phenomenal , throat - slashing , gut - stabbing superhero movie '' . Germain Lussier of io9 said , `` Logan is beautiful , sophisticated , and still a kick - ass superhero film '' . Michael Roffman of Consequence of Sound called the film `` A game - changing masterpiece . '' Matt Donato of We Got This Covered said , `` It 's not just one of the best superhero movies ever , it 's a damn - fine cinematic representation of the human condition in all its agonizing forms . '' Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal said , `` It 's the best superhero film to come out of the comic - book world , and I 'm not forgetting Christopher Nolan 's ' The Dark Knight ' . '' Jackman 's acting as Wolverine has been lauded with wide acclaim and his performance topped The Hollywood Reporter 's Greatest Superhero Movie Performances of All Time list .
Joshua Tree National Park
The earliest known residents of the land in and around what later became Joshua Tree National Park were the people of the Pinto Culture , who lived and hunted here between 8000 and 4000 BCE . Their stone tools and spear points , discovered in the Pinto Basin in the 1930s , suggest that they hunted game and gathered seasonal plants , but little else is known about them . Later residents included the Serrano , the Cahuilla , and the Chemehuevi peoples . All three lived at times in small villages in or near water , particularly the Oasis of Mara in what non-natives later called Twentynine Palms . They were hunter - gatherers who subsisted largely on plant foods supplemented by small game , amphibians , and reptiles while using other plants for making medicines , bows and arrows , baskets , and other articles of daily life . A fourth group , the Mojaves , used the local resources as they traveled along trails between the Colorado River and the Pacific coast . In the 21st century , small numbers of all four peoples live in the region near the park ; the Twentynine Palms Band of Mission Indians , descendants of the Chemehuevi , own a reservation in Twentynine Palms .
Star of David
In boxing , Jewish light heavyweight world champion Mike `` The Jewish Bomber '' Rossman fought with a Star of David embroidered on his boxing trunks , and also has a blue Star of David tattoo on the outside of his right calf .
Eureka Tower
The Skydeck features thirty viewfinders that help visitors to pinpoint numerous significant landmarks around all parts of Melbourne , along with several free binoculars . There is a small outside area called The Terrace which is closed in high winds . There is also a glass cube called The Edge , which extends itself from the building to hang over the edge of the tower and add to the viewing experience .
No Man's Sky
In September 2016 , the Advertising Standards Authority ( ASA ) of the United Kingdom , following on `` several complaints '' , began an investigation into the promotion of No Man 's Sky . The ASA has authority to require publishers to remove offending advertising materials if they are found in violation of ASA standards . In the No Man 's Sky complaints directed at Hello Games and Valve , the ASA specifically evaluated materials used on the Steam store page to promote the game that demonstrate features that do not appear to be a part of the final game , but has also reviewed other official promotional outlets including the game 's official YouTube channel . Several game industry lawyers , speaking to PC Gamer , noted that while the ASA has successfully taken action in previous cases of false advertising , demonstrating such for a procedurally - generated game of No Man 's Sky scope may be difficult since it is impossible to play the entire game to prove something does not exist . The lawyers also noted that most of what Murray and other Hello Games members said outside of any official promotional channels , such as interviews or through social media , can not be taken as part of the game 's advertising , further limiting the claims that the ASA can act on . The ASA ruled in November 2016 that the Steam storepage advertising of No Man 's Sky was not in breach of their standards , attributing the used footage and screenshots to be reasonable representative of the average player 's experience with a procedurally - generated game , and dismissed the submitted complaints ; the ASA further ruled that as Valve has no control over what Hello Games included on the store page , they were not liable for the material either .
Sith
Dark Horse Comics purchased the copyrights to several Star Wars stories . With their publication of Star Wars : Dark Empire # 1 in 1991 , they initiated what has become a large line of Star Wars manga and comics . The Sith appear as major antagonists throughout this story 's plot . Many of the comics that were published helped expand the backstory of the characters and followed the rise and fall of the Dark Lords of the Sith .
Klondike (solitaire)
There is a modified version of the game called `` Thoughtful Solitaire '' , in which the identity of all 52 cards is known . Because the only difference between the two games ( Klondike and Thoughtful ) is the knowledge of card location , all Thoughtful games with solutions will also have solutions in Klondike . Similarly , all dead - ends in Thoughtful will be dead ends in Klondike . However , the theoretical odds of winning a standard game of non-Thoughtful Klondike are currently not known exactly . The inability of theoreticians to precisely calculate these odds has been referred to by mathematician Persi Diaconis as `` one of the embarrassments of applied probability '' .
Illinois
In addition to these three , largely latitudinally defined divisions , all of the region outside the Chicago Metropolitan area is often called `` downstate '' Illinois . This term is flexible , but is generally meant to mean everything outside the influence of the Chicago area . Thus , some cities in Northern Illinois , such as DeKalb , which is west of Chicago , and Rockford -- which is actually north of Chicago -- are considered to be `` downstate '' .