vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)
In `` Choose Or Loose '' , Rosewood P.D. officers confiscate the Liars ' personal stuff and cellphones through search warrants . Enraged , Spencer heads to the station to understand what 's going on , and discovers that Detective Tanner is now handling the Dunhill case . Tanner expresses her concern about the possibility of the Liars being involved in the case , and indirectly threatens Spencer , saying that she always found them guilty of something , just did not know of what exactly . After her phone was taken , Aria discovers another one hidden inside an air duct that `` A.D. '' left to communicate with her . Aria claims to meet `` A.D. '' since she is a reliable person , and the tormentor sets a date , as long as Aria wears her uniform . In a room of The Radley , given by Hanna 's mother , the Liars and Caleb get together to discuss the Dunhill 's murder when the board game begins a new round : `` Choose or Lose '' . The Liars have to choose one of them to go to jail accused of the murder or all of them go . Mona arrives shortly thereafter and warns the girls that Aria might be working with `` A.D. '' The girls initially do n't believe , but Mona exhibits evidence and a recording of Aria and `` A.D. '' , leaving them in panic . Detective Tanner finds pieces of a windshield in the drain of Spencer 's bathroom with traces of blood . Alex proceeds to impersonate Spencer again and visits Toby in his cabin , leading to a sexual encounter .
Paterson, New Jersey
As of July 2018 , the Mayor of Paterson is Andre Sayegh . The previous mayor was Jane Williams - Warren , who was serving on an interim basis following the resignation of José `` Joey '' Torres , whose term of office was to end on June 30 , 2018 . Torres was in his third non-consecutive term as Mayor of Paterson , having first been elected by defeating incumbent Martin G. Barnes in 2002 and then winning re-election in 2006 against Lawrence Spagnola . After losing his bid for a third consecutive term by a margin of 600 votes to City Council President Jeffery Jones in 2010 , Torres defeated Jones in a rematch four years later . Torres pleaded guilty to corruption charges in September 2017 that required him to leave office and to serve a prison term of five years . According to city law , the President of the City Council is the next in line to succeed a Mayor who is removed from office for any reason and serves as Acting Mayor until the next election , unless the Council appoints someone else to fill the post within 30 days of the creation of the vacancy . City Council President Ruby Cotton immediately became Mayor upon Torres ' resignation and served until September 29 , when the council voted 5 - 4 to appoint Williams - Warren , a former city clerk , as interim mayor until the May 2018 municipal election .
Impeachment
Similar to the British system , Article One of the United States Constitution gives the House of Representatives the sole power of impeachment and the Senate the sole power to try impeachments of officers of the U.S. federal government . ( Various state constitutions include similar measures , allowing the state legislature to impeach the governor or other officials of the state government . ) In contrast to the British system , in the United States impeachment is only the first of two stages , and conviction during the second stage requires `` the concurrence of two thirds of the members present . '' Impeachment does not necessarily result in removal from office ; it is only a legal statement of charges , parallel to an indictment in criminal law . An official who is impeached faces a second legislative vote ( whether by the same body or another ) , which determines conviction , or failure to convict , on the charges embodied by the impeachment . Most constitutions require a supermajority to convict . Although the subject of the charge is criminal action , it does not constitute a criminal trial ; the only question under consideration is the removal of the individual from office , and the possibility of a subsequent vote preventing the removed official from ever again holding political office in the jurisdiction where he or she was removed . Impeachment with respect to political office should not be confused with witness impeachment . Impeachable
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Unequivocal legal recognition was given in the Ministers of the Crown Act 1937 , which made provision for payment of a salary to the person who is both `` the First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister '' . Explicitly recognising two hundred years ' of ambivalence , the Act states that it intended `` To give statutory recognition to the existence of the position of Prime Minister , and to the historic link between the Premiership and the office of First Lord of the Treasury , by providing in respect to that position and office a salary of ... '' The Act made a distinction between the `` position '' ( Prime Minister ) and the `` office '' ( First Lord of the Treasury ) , emphasising the unique political character of the former . Nevertheless , the brass plate on the door of the Prime Minister 's home , 10 Downing Street , still bears the title of `` First Lord of the Treasury '' , as it has since the 18th century as it is officially the home of the First Lord and not the Prime Minister .
Angel Batista
In season two , Batista and the rest of the department try their best to alleviate the grief from families of the Bay Harbor Butcher victims . He becomes especially involved in one case of a man named Oscar Sota . When he talks to the man 's mother in the office , he ends up having a heated and frustrating argument with her about what her son was actually doing to be targeted by the Butcher . Feeling guilty , he goes to her house and offers her a sincere apology . She begins to trust Batista , and offers him more details on the case .
History of Colombia
Although the FARC and ELN accepted participation in the peace process , they did not make explicit commitments to end the conflict . The FARC suspended talks in November 2000 , to protest what it called `` paramilitary terrorism '' but returned to the negotiating table in February 2001 , following 2 days of meetings between President Pastrana and FARC leader Manuel Marulanda . The Colombian Government and ELN in early 2001 continued discussions aimed at opening a formal peace process .
Ash Wednesday
In the mid-16th century , the first Book of Common Prayer removed the ceremony of the ashes from the liturgy of the Church of England and replaced it with what would later be called the Commination Office . In that 1549 edition , the rite was headed : `` The First Day of Lent : Commonly Called Ash - Wednesday '' . The ashes ceremony was not forbidden , but was not included in the church 's official liturgy . Its place was taken by reading biblical curses of God against sinners , to each of which the people were directed to respond with Amen . The text of the `` Commination or Denouncing of God 's Anger and Judgments against Sinners '' begins : `` In the primitive Church there was a godly discipline , that , at the beginning of Lent , such persons as stood convicted of notorious sin were put to open penance , and punished in this world , that their souls might be saved in the day of the Lord ; and that others , admonished by their example , might be the more afraid to offend . Instead whereof , until the said discipline may be restored again , ( which is much to be wished , ) it is thought good that at this time ( in the presence of you all ) should be read the general sentences of God 's cursing against impenitent sinners '' . In line with this , Joseph Hooper Maude wrote that the establishment of The Commination was due to a desire of the reformers `` to restore the primitive practice of public penance in church '' . He further stated that `` the sentences of the greater excommunication '' within The Commination corresponded to those used in the ancient Church . The Anglican Church 's Ash Wednesday liturgy , he wrote , also traditionally included the Miserere , which , along with `` what follows '' in the rest of the service ( lesser Litany , Lord 's Prayer , three prayers for pardon and final blessing ) , `` was taken from the Sarum services for Ash Wednesday '' . From the Sarum Rite practice in England the service took Psalm 51 and some prayers that in the Sarum Missal accompanied the blessing and distribution of ashes . In the Sarum Rite , the Miserere psalm was one of the seven penitential psalms that were recited at the beginning of the ceremony . In the 20th century , the Episcopal Church introduced three prayers from the Sarum Rite and omitted the Commination Office from its liturgy .
Gospel of Mark
There is no agreement on the structure of Mark . There is , however , a widely recognised break at Mark 8 : 26 -- 31 : before 8 : 26 there are numerous miracle stories , the action is in Galilee , and Jesus preaches to the crowds , while after 8 : 31 there are hardly any miracles , the action shifts from Galilee to gentile areas or hostile Judea , and Jesus teaches the disciples . Peter 's confession at Mark 8 : 27 -- 30 that Jesus is the messiah thus forms the watershed to the whole gospel . A further generally recognised turning point comes at the end of chapter 10 , when Jesus and his followers arrive in Jerusalem and the foreseen confrontation with the Temple authorities begins , leading R.T. France to characterise Mark as a three - act drama . James Edwards in his 2002 commentary points out that the gospel can be seen as a series of questions asking first who Jesus is ( the answer being that he is the messiah ) , then what form his mission takes ( a mission of suffering culminating in the crucifixion and resurrection , events only to be understood when the questions are answered ) , while another scholar , C. Myers , has made what Edwards calls a `` compelling case '' for recognising the incidents of Jesus ' baptism , transfiguration and crucifixion , at the beginning , middle and end of the gospel , as three key moments , each with common elements , and each portrayed in an apocalyptic light . Stephen H. Smith has made the point that the structure of Mark is similar to the structure of a Greek tragedy
Overthrow of the Roman monarchy
Because of the Roman people 's revulsion at the name and family of the exiled king , the consul Tarquinius Collatinus was forced to resign from the office of consul and go into exile .
Titanic (1997 film)
Cameron framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant . While Winslet and Stuart stated their belief that , instead of being asleep in her bed , the character dies at the end of the film , Cameron said that he would rather not reveal what he intended with the ending because `` ( t ) he answer has to be something you supply personally ; individually . ''
Aerosmith
Tyler pulled out of a planned South American tour at the end of 2009 and seemed intent on pursuing solo projects , including his autobiography Does the Noise in My Head Bother You ? . Tyler told Classic Rock magazine , `` I do n't know what I 'm doing yet , but it 's definitely going to be something Steven Tyler : working on the brand of myself -- Brand Tyler . '' Meanwhile , guitarist Joe Perry toured the United States at the end of 2009 , and Japan and the UK early in 2010 .
Limited government
Where the government oversteps its authority , the people have the right , as listed in the Constitution , to make their grievances known through petition and through public elections for government office . As 16th President of the United States Abraham Lincoln once said , `` Our government rests in public opinion . '' A principle tenet of the Republican conception of limited government is what Lincoln called self - government , a `` sacred right ( ... ) at the foundation of the sense of justice . '' The rationale behind this is simple : `` No man is good enough to govern another man , without that other 's consent . '' It is the adherence to republicanism that allows citizens to perpetuate the idea that the government must not only adhere to the Constitution , it must also listen to the will of the people . If the people disapprove of the actions of those in power and the rules they legislate , they have the ability to put new people in power who will better represent the public interest . Since , under the Constitution , the government is ultimately held accountable by the people , the public always has the opportunity to keep the government 's power in check .
Battle of Long Island
On July 6 , news reached New York that Congress had voted for independence four days earlier . On Tuesday , July 9 , at 18 : 00 , Washington had several brigades march onto the commons of the city to hear the Declaration of Independence read . After the end of the reading , a mob ran down to Bowling Green with ropes and bars , where they tore down the gilded lead equestrian statue of George III of Great Britain . In their fury , the crowd cut off the statue 's head , severed the nose , and mounted what remained of the head on a spike outside a tavern , and the rest of the statue was dragged to Connecticut and melted down into musket balls .
Conclusion of the American Civil War
... that the insurrection which heretofore existed in the State of Texas is at an end and is to be henceforth so regarded in that State as in the other States before named in which the said insurrection was proclaimed to be at an end by the aforesaid proclamation of the 2d day of April , 1866 .
History of insurance
Property insurance as we know it today can be traced to the Great Fire of London , which in 1666 devoured more than 13,000 houses . The devastating effects of the fire converted the development of insurance `` from a matter of convenience into one of urgency , a change of opinion reflected in Sir Christopher Wren 's inclusion of a site for ' the Insurance Office ' in his new plan for London in 1667 '' . A number of attempted fire insurance schemes came to nothing , but in 1681 , economist Nicholas Barbon and eleven associates established the first fire insurance company , the `` Insurance Office for Houses '' , at the back of the Royal Exchange to insure brick and frame homes . Initially , 5,000 homes were insured by his Insurance Office . An
Economy of New Zealand
`` Between 1984 and 1993 , New Zealand underwent radical economic reform , moving from what had probably been the most protected , regulated and state - dominated system of any capitalist democracy to an extreme position at the open , competitive , free - market end of the spectrum . ''
Postage stamps and postal history of India
The Post Office Act XVII of 1837 provided that the Governor - General of India in Council had the exclusive right of conveying letters by post for hire within the territories of the East India Company . Section XX required all private vessels to carry letters at prescribed rates for postage . A handstamp was applied to preadhesive ship letters . The mails were available to certain officials without charge , which became a controversial privilege as the years passed . On this basis the Indian Post Office was established on 1 October 1837 .
History of the United States (1945–64)
Truman , a self - educated farm boy from Missouri , stood in sharp contrast to the urbane and imperious Roosevelt who kept personal control of all major decisions . Truman was a folksy , unassuming president who relied on his cabinet , remarking `` The buck stops here '' and `` If you ca n't stand the heat , you better get out of the kitchen . '' Truman faced many challenges in domestic affairs . His poll ratings were sky high when he took office in April 1945 after Roosevelt 's sudden death , then plunged to low levels for most of his eight years in office . The disorderly postwar reconversion of the economy of the United States was marked by severe shortages of housing , meat , appliance , automobiles and other rationed goods . The country was hit by long strikes in major industries in 1946 , and Truman 's unpopularity was such that the GOP regained Congress in a landslide during the midterms that year , and proceeded to pass the Taft -- Hartley Act over his veto . He used executive orders to end racial discrimination in the armed forces and created loyalty checks that dismissed thousands of communist fellow travelers from office . Truman 's presidency was also eventful in foreign affairs , with the defeat of Nazi Germany and his decision to use nuclear weapons against Japan , the founding of the United Nations , the Marshall Plan of 1948 to rebuild Europe , the Truman Doctrine of 1947 to contain communism , the beginning of the Cold War , the Berlin Airlift of 1948 , and in 1949 the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) military alliance .
Son (novel)
Before takes place in the same location ( `` The Community '' ) and at the same time as The Giver . Claire 's assigned occupation in the community is Birth Mother , whose primary responsibility is to give birth . At the start of the book , Claire is nearing the end of her pregnancy . She gives birth to her child at 14 , but complications during labor necessitate delivery by Cesarean section . Three weeks after giving birth , Claire reports to the birthing unit office and is reassigned to work at the Fish Hatchery . Before she leaves , she inquires after the baby she delivered , and the officer informs her that the baby is healthy , accidentally informing Claire that the child is male and number Thirty - Six in his year .
Bride of Frankenstein
Bride of Frankenstein was subjected to censorship , both during production by the Hays office and following its release by local and national censorship boards . Joseph Breen , lead censor for the Hays office , objected to lines of dialogue in the originally submitted script in which Henry Frankenstein and his work were compared to that of God . He continued to object to such dialogue in revised scripts , and to a planned shot of the Monster rushing through a graveyard to a figure of a crucified Jesus and attempting to `` rescue '' the figure from the cross . Breen also objected to the number of murders , both seen and implied by the script and strongly advised Whale to reduce the number . The censor 's office , upon reviewing the film in March 1935 , required a number of cuts . Whale agreed to delete a sequence in which Dwight Frye 's `` Nephew Glutz '' kills his uncle and blames the Monster , and shots of Elsa Lanchester as Mary Shelley in which Breen felt too much of her breasts were visible . Curiously , despite his earlier objection , Breen offered no objection to the cruciform imagery throughout the film -- including a scene with the Monster lashed Christ - like to a pole -- nor to the presentation of Pretorius as a coded homosexual . Bride of Frankenstein was approved by the Production Code office on April 15 , 1935 .
Ancient Greece
The conquests of Alexander had numerous consequences for the Greek city - states . It greatly widened the horizons of the Greeks and led to a steady emigration , particularly of the young and ambitious , to the new Greek empires in the east . Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria , Antioch and the many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander 's wake , as far away as what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan , where the Greco - Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo - Greek Kingdom survived until the end of the 1st century BC .
Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars)
In the third season , we see Red Coat purchasing hoodies for the team she is building , and later the Liars begin catching glimpses of her . Hanna sees the mysterious figure watching her outside a boutique , Emily remembers her in a flashback to the night she and Mona kidnapped her , Spencer notices her on a date with Wren and Aria catches her at a morgue . All four girls see two specific details in regards to her physical features : a red trench coat with blonde curly hair hanging out . Emily suspects that Red Coat is the one in charge of the `` A-Team '' and they hatch a plan to catch her . Spencer having joined the `` A-Team '' at the time to look for clues on Toby , who was briefly on the team before inexplicably disappearing , finds out that he is alive and a double agent who intends to help the girls . Spencer gives Mona and Red Coat the idea to throw a party at the Thornhill Lodge , where Red Coat can meet the girls in person . Mona and Red Coat agree with the idea . Red Coat flies in on a plane and Toby and Spencer go outside to catch her . As the other Liars corner Mona inside , someone sets fire to the lodge . Toby goes to follow a flashlight in the woods and Spencer follows Red Coat , who gets off the plane and heads into the woods . Aria , Emily , Hanna and Mona fall unconscious due to the flames and smoke , but Hanna is pulled out by Red Coat and she looks up to see Alison DiLaurentis . As the girls all gather outside , Mona says she also saw Alison and Spencer believes she did too . However , Mona proceeds to admit that she does n't know the accurate identity of Red Coat because the anonymous entity always wore a mask .
Separation of powers under the United States Constitution
Johnson 's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency , which came to be almost subordinate to Congress . Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead , with the Speaker of the House of Representatives becoming a de facto prime minister . Grover Cleveland , the first Democratic President following Johnson , attempted to restore the power of his office . During his first term , he vetoed over 400 bills -- twice as many bills as his 21 predecessors combined . He also began to suspend bureaucrats who were appointed as a result of the patronage system , replacing them with more `` deserving '' individuals . The Senate , however , refused to confirm many new nominations , instead demanding that Cleveland turn over the confidential records relating to the suspensions . Cleveland steadfastly refused , asserting , `` These suspensions are my executive acts ... I am not responsible to the Senate , and I am unwilling to submit my actions to them for judgment . '' Cleveland 's popular support forced the Senate to back down and confirm the nominees . Furthermore , Congress finally repealed the controversial Tenure of Office Act that had been passed during the Johnson Administration . Overall , this meant that Cleveland 's Administration marked the end of presidential subordination .
Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States
Thus , when the Senate is in recess , the President may make a temporary appointment to any office requiring Senate approval , including filling vacancies on the Supreme Court , without the Senate 's advice and consent . Such a recess appointee to the Supreme Court holds office only until the end of the next Senate session ( always less than two years ) . To continue to serve thereafter and be compensated for his or her service , the nominee must be formally nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate . Of the ten Justices who have received recess appointments - two Chief Justices and eight Associate Justices - only Chief Justice John Rutledge was not subsequently confirmed for a regular appointment . No president since Dwight Eisenhower ( who made three such appointments ) has made a recess appointment to the Supreme Court and the practice has become highly controversial even when applied to lower federal courts . During the 110th Congress , the Democratic leadership of the Senate specifically blocked Republican President George W. Bush from making any recess appointments with the use of pro forma sessions .