vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Law of demand
In microeconomics , the law of demand states that , `` conditional on all else being equal , as the price of a good increases ( ↑ ) , quantity demanded decreases ( ↓ ) ; conversely , as the price of a good decreases ( ↓ ) , quantity demanded increases ( ↑ ) '' . In other words , the law of demand describes an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded of a good. Alternatively , other things being constant , quantity demanded of a commodity is inversely related to the price of the commodity. For example , a consumer may demand 2kg of apples at Rs 70 per kg ; he may , however , demand 1kg if the price rises to Rs 80 per kg . This has been the general human behaviour on relationship between the price of the commodity and the quantity demanded . The factors held constant refer to other determinants of demand , such as the prices of other goods and the consumer 's income . There are , however , some possible exceptions to the law of demand , such as Giffen goods and Veblen goods .
Income inequality in the United States
the decline of labor unions . A study in the American Sociological Review , as well as other scholarly research , using the broadest methodology , estimates that the decline of unions may account for from one - third to more than one - half of the rise of inequality among men . As unions weakened , the vast majority of the gains from productivity were taken by senior corporate executives , major shareholders and creditors ( e.g. major corporate bondholders , banks and other lenders , etc . ) . As unions have grown weaker , there has been less pressure on employers to increase wages , or on lawmakers to enact labor - friendly or worker - friendly measures . the globalization hypothesis -- low skilled American workers have been losing ground in the face of competition from low - wage workers in Asia and other `` emerging '' economies ; Development economists Max Roser and Jesus Crespo - Cuaresma find empirical support for the theory that international trade is increasing income inequality . skill - biased technological change -- the rapid pace of progress in information technology has increased the demand for the highly skilled and educated so that income distribution favored brains rather than brawn ; the superstar hypothesis -- modern technologies of communication often turn competition into a tournament in which the winner is richly rewarded , while the runners - up get far less than in the past ; financialization -- changing views of linkages between the corporate and financial sectors led to a significant increase in the capitalization of the US stock market . In the decade after 1989 , market capitalization rose from 55 % to 155 % of GDP . At the same time , corporations began to shift compensation packages of managers toward stock options , increasing incentives for managers to make short - term decisions to increase share prices . Over this period , CEO options increased from $500,000 to over $3 million per year , allowing stocks to comprise almost 50 % of CEO compensation . This further incentivized managers to make decisions on shareholder payout rather than toward long - term contracts with workers ; between 2000 and 2007 , nearly 75 % of increased stock growth has been at the cost of labor wages and salaries .
Cotton-Eyed Joe
Do n't you remember Cotton - eyed Joe ? Cotton - eyed Joe , Cotton - eyed Joe , What did make you treat me so ? I 'd ' a ' been married forty year ago Ef it had n't a-been for Cotton - eyed Joe ! Cotton - eyed Joe , Cotton - eyed Joe , He was de nig dat sarved me so , -- Tuck my gal away fum me , Carried her off to Tennessee . I 'd ' a ' been married forty year ago If it had n't a-been for Cotton - eyed Joe . Hi 's teeth was out an ' his nose was flat , His eyes was crossed , -- but she did n't mind dat . Kase he was tall , and berry slim , An ' so my gal she follered him . I 'd ' a ' been married forty year ago Ef it had n't a-been for Cotton - eyed Joe . She was de prettiest gal to be found Anywhar in de country round ; Her lips was red an ' her eyes was bright , Her skin was black but her teeth was white . I 'd ' a ' been married forty year ago Ef it had n't a-been for Cotton - eyed Joe . Dat gal , she sho ' had all my love , An swore fum ne she 'd never move , But Joe hoodooed her , do n't you see , An ' she run off wid him to Tennessee , I 'd ' a ' been married forty years ago , Ef it had n't a-been for Cotton - eyed Joe . ''
A Song of Ice and Fire
Martin offered the following hint as to how the series would conclude during a Q&A at the Guadalajara International Book Fair . `` I 'm not going to tell you how I 'm going to end my book , but I suspect the overall flavor is going to be as much bittersweet as it is happy . '' TV
Who Do You Think You Are? (UK TV series)
On June 23 , the BBC announced the line - up for the series ' 14th series , which again would comprise 10 episodes and like the previous series would be split into two halves to be broadcast across the year on BBC One . The remaining five episodes feature TV presenter Fearne Cotton , comedienne Ruby Wax , actor and director Noel Clarke , singer Lulu and actress Lisa Hammond .
Seventh-inning stretch
The New York Yankees play `` Cotton Eyed Joe '' in the 8th inning .
You're a Grand Old Flag
Verse 1 There 's a feeling comes a-stealing , And it sets my brain a-reeling , When I 'm list'ning to the music of a military band . Any tune like `` Yankee Doodle '' Simply sets me off my noodle , It 's that patriotic something that no one can understand . `` Way down South , in the land of cotton , '' Melody untiring , Ai n't that inspiring ? Hurrah ! Hurrah ! We 'll join the jubilee ! And that 's going some , for the Yankees , by gum ! Red , White and Blue , I am for you ! Honest , you 're a grand old flag ! Verse 2 I 'm no cranky hanky panky , I 'm a dead square , honest Yankee , And I 'm mighty proud of that old flag that flies for Uncle Sam . Though I do n't believe in raving Ev'ry time I see it waving , There 's a chill runs up my back that makes me glad I 'm what I am . Here 's a land with a million soldiers , That 's if we should need ' em , We 'll fight for freedom ! Hurrah ! Hurrah ! For ev'ry Yankee Tar , And old G.A.R. , ev'ry stripe , ev'ry star . Red , White and Blue , hats off to you ! Honest , you 're a grand old flag !
Reflux
By controlling the temperature of the condenser , often called a dephlegmator , a reflux still may be used to ensure that higher boiling point components are returned to the flask while lighter elements are passed out to a secondary condenser . This is useful in producing high quality alcoholic beverages , while ensuring that less desirable components ( such as fusel alcohols ) are returned to the primary flask . For high quality neutral spirits ( such as vodka ) , or post distillation flavored spirits ( gin , absinthe ) , a process of multiple distillations or charcoal filtering may be applied to obtain a product lacking in any suggestion of its original source material for fermentation . The geometry of the still also plays a role in determining how much reflux occurs . In a pot still , if the tube leading from the boiler to the condenser , the lyne arm , is angled upward , more liquid will have a chance to condense and flow back into the boiler leading to increased reflux . Typical results can increase production as high as 50 % over the basic worm type condenser . The addition of a copper `` boiling ball '' in the path creates an area where expansion of gasses into the ball causes cooling and subsequent condensation and reflux . In a column still , the addition of inert materials in the column ( e.g. , packing ) creates surfaces for early condensation and leads to increased reflux .
How Do You Like Me Now?! (song)
Deborah Evans Price , of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably , calling it a `` great little tune about the underdog fulfilling his dreams , and the story is wrapped in a melody that demands attention . '' She goes on to call Keith 's performance `` feisty '' and say that the production `` just percolates . ''
Fair trade
Textiles and garments are intricate and require one individual operator , in contrast to the collective farming of coffee and cocoa beans . Textiles are not a straightforward commodity because to be fairly traded , there must be regulation in cotton cultivation , dyeing , stitching , and every other step in the process of textile production . Fair trade textiles must not be confused with the sweat - free movement although the two movements intersect at the worker level .
When You Believe
The song was recorded by Irish musical ensmble Celtic Woman and released as a single from their fifth studio album Celtic Woman : Songs from the Heart ( 2010 ) . The song also appears on the Japanese release of their seventh studio album Celtic Woman : Believe ( 2011 ) . The song features vocals from one of the group 's singers Chloë Agnew . In an interview for Chicago Music Magazine , Chloë Agnew described the lyrics of the song as `` really incredible '' . She stated that `` It is a songs that I listen to and wish I had written . It 's really so special . I think a lot of people have found strength and hope in the lyrics . It 's been really rewarding to meet and talk to people at our meet and greet events come up and tell me how much that song means to them and how it has helped them '' . Irish singer Chloë Agnew recorded the track for her debut album Chloë ( 2002 ) .
Origin of the domestic dog
Later studies support coevolution in that dogs can discriminate the emotional expressions of human faces , and that most people can tell from a bark whether a dog is alone , being approached by a stranger , playing , or being aggressive , and can tell from a growl how big the dog is . Human
Cotton-Eyed Joe
In Merle Haggard 's `` Texas Fiddle Song '' , the final verse makes reference to the `` Cotton - Eyed Joe '' and features the melody of both the Bob Wills and Al Dean versions .
Geography of Illinois
The third division is Southern Illinois , comprising the area south of U.S. Route 50 , and including Little Egypt , near the juncture of the Mississippi River and Ohio River . This region can be distinguished from the other two by its warmer climate , different mix of crops ( including cotton farming in the past ) , more rugged unglaciated topography , as well as small - scale oil deposits and coal mining .
Factory Acts
During the short - time agitation he had been promised `` Give us our rights , and you will never again see violence , insurrection , and disloyalty in these counties . '' And so it had proved : the Cotton Famine had thrown thousands out of work , with misery , starvation , and death staring them in the face ; but , `` with one or two trifling exceptions , and those only momentary '' , order and peace had reigned .
Agriculture in Sudan
The forestry subsector comprised both traditional gatherers of firewood and producers of charcoal -- the main sources of fuel for homes and some industry in urban areas -- and a modern timber and sawmilling industry , the latter government owned . Approximately 21 million cubic meters of wood , mainly for fuel , were cut in 1987 . Gum arabic production in FY 1986 - 87 was about 40,000 tons . In the late 1980s , it became in most years the second biggest export after cotton , amounting to about 11 percent of total exports .
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2012 July 7
The tricky part is when an otherwise decent movie has a terrible ending , like Total Recall . How can you tell them why the ending is bad without telling them what the ending is ? ( SPOILER ALERT : The Martians apparently designed a system to terraform Mars in 30 seconds flat , but forgot to turn it on . ) StuRat ( talk ) 05 : 56 , 8 July 2012 ( UTC )
Gimme Shelter
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . The specific problem is : May not meet WP : SONGCOVER . Please help improve this section if you can . ( June 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
Spider
Spider venoms may be a less polluting alternative to conventional pesticides , as they are deadly to insects but the great majority are harmless to vertebrates . Australian funnel web spiders are a promising source , as most of the world 's insect pests have had no opportunity to develop any immunity to their venom , and funnel web spiders thrive in captivity and are easy to `` milk '' . It may be possible to target specific pests by engineering genes for the production of spider toxins into viruses that infect species such as cotton bollworms .
Dust Bowl
The FSRC diverted agricultural commodities to relief organizations . Apples , beans , canned beef , flour and pork products were distributed through local relief channels . Cotton goods were later included , to clothe the needy .
Alabama (American band)
1980 : `` Tennessee River '' ; `` Why Lady Why '' 1981 : `` Old Flame '' ; `` Feels So Right '' ; `` Love in the First Degree '' 1982 : `` Mountain Music '' ; `` Take Me Down '' ; `` Close Enough to Perfect '' 1983 : `` Dixieland Delight '' ; `` The Closer You Get '' ; `` Lady Down on Love '' 1984 : `` Roll On ( Eighteen Wheeler ) '' ; `` When We Make Love '' ; `` If You 're Gonna Play in Texas ( You Gotta Have a Fiddle in the Band ) '' 1985 : `` ( There 's A ) Fire in the Night '' ; `` There 's No Way '' ; `` 40 Hour Week ( For a Livin ' ) '' ; `` Ca n't Keep a Good Man Down '' 1986 : `` She and I '' ; `` Touch Me When We 're Dancing '' 1987 : `` ' You 've Got ' the Touch '' 1988 : `` Face to Face '' ( duet with K.T. Oslin ) ; `` Fallin ' Again '' 1989 : `` Song of the South '' ; `` If I Had You '' ; `` High Cotton '' 1990 : `` Southern Star '' ; `` Jukebox in My Mind '' 1991 : `` Forever 's as Far as I 'll Go '' ; `` Down Home '' 1992 : `` I 'm in a Hurry ( And Do n't Know Why ) '' 1993 : `` Reckless '' 2011 : `` Old Alabama '' ( with Brad Paisley )
Alabama (American band)
By the late 1980s , Alabama 's sales slowed down considerably , with only their major albums going gold . The group 's popularity was mostly eclipsed by more traditional - sounding artists such as Ricky Skaggs , Randy Travis , George Strait , and Dwight Yoakam . Despite this , they continued to be a popular touring act , and the band issued their first live album , Alabama Live , in 1988 . For 1989 's Southern Star , the band decided to part ways with longtime producer Shedd , instead splitting production duties between Josh Leo and Larry Lee , and the other half with Barry Beckett . `` Song of the South '' was another number one , and the album 's remaining singles -- `` If I Had You '' , `` High Cotton '' , and `` Southern Star '' -- were number ones in both the U.S. and Canada . That year , Alabama were named by Billboard the Country Artist of the 1980s and the ACA voted the band the Artist of the Decade .
History of Mexico
Maximilian 's consort was Empress Carlota of Mexico and they chose Chapultepec Castle as their home . The Imperial couple noticed the mistreatment of Mexicans , especially Indians , and wanted to ensure their human rights . By contrast , Napoleon III wanted to exploit the mines in the northwest of the country and to grow cotton .
History of rail transport in the United States
During the Reconstruction era , Northern money financed the rebuilding and dramatic expansion of railroads throughout the South ; they were modernized in terms of track gauge , equipment and standards of service . The Southern network expanded from 11,000 miles ( 17,700 km ) in 1870 to 29,000 miles ( 46,700 km ) in 1890 . The lines were owned and directed overwhelmingly by Northerners . Railroads helped create a mechanically skilled group of craftsmen and broke the isolation of much of the region . Passengers were few , however , and apart from hauling the cotton crop when it was harvested , there was little freight traffic .
Cowboys–Redskins rivalry
Year Date Winner Result Loser Location Series 1960 October 9 Washington Redskins 26 -- 14 Dallas Cowboys Griffith Stadium 1 -- 0 -- 0 WSH 1961 November 19 Tie 28 -- 28 Tie Cotton Bowl 1 -- 0 -- 1 WSH December 17 Washington Redskins 34 -- 24 Dallas Cowboys D.C. Stadium 2 -- 0 -- 1 WSH 1962 September 16 Tie 35 -- 35 Tie Cotton Bowl 2 -- 0 -- 2 WSH November 10 Dallas Cowboys 38 -- 10 Washington Redskins D.C. Stadium 2 -- 1 -- 2 WSH 1963 September 29 Washington Redskins 21 -- 17 Dallas Cowboys D.C. Stadium 3 -- 1 -- 2 WSH November 3 Dallas Cowboys 35 -- 20 Washington Redskins Cotton Bowl 3 -- 2 -- 2 WSH 1964 September 20 Dallas Cowboys 24 -- 18 Washington Redskins Cotton Bowl 3 -- 3 -- 2 November 22 Washington Redskins 28 -- 16 Dallas Cowboys D.C. Stadium 4 -- 3 -- 2 WSH 1965 September 26 Dallas Cowboys 27 -- 7 Washington Redskins Cotton Bowl 4 -- 4 -- 2 November 28 Washington Redskins 34 - 31 Dallas Cowboys D.C. Stadium 5 -- 4 -- 2 WSH 1966 November 13 Dallas Cowboys 31 -- 30 Washington Redskins D.C. Stadium 5 -- 5 -- 2 December 11 Washington Redskins 34 -- 31 Dallas Cowboys Cotton Bowl 6 -- 5 -- 2 WSH 1967 October 8 Dallas Cowboys 17 -- 14 Washington Redskins D.C. Stadium 6 -- 6 -- 2 November 19 Washington Redskins 27 -- 20 Dallas Cowboys Cotton Bowl 7 -- 6 -- 2 WSH 1968 November 17 Dallas Cowboys 44 -- 24 Washington Redskins D.C. Stadium 7 -- 7 -- 2 November 28 Dallas Cowboys 29 -- 20 Washington Redskins Cotton Bowl 8 -- 7 -- 2 DAL 1969 November 16 Dallas Cowboys 41 -- 28 Washington Redskins RFK Stadium 9 -- 7 -- 2 DAL December 21 Dallas Cowboys 20 -- 10 Washington Redskins Cotton Bowl 10 -- 7 -- 2 DAL
Dental anesthesia
3 . Electrodes . They converts electric flow from the TENS unit into ionic current flow . Intraoral electrodes like cotton roll electrodes , clamp electrodes and adhesive electrodes are used in dentistry .
Judge Judy
In February 2013 , then head Football coach for the San Francisco 49ers , Jim Harbaugh , was asked about the importance of truthfulness and enthusiastically remarked , `` Somebody that 's not truthful ? That 's big to me . I 'm a big fan of the `` Judge Judy '' show . When you lie in Judge Judy 's courtroom , it 's over . Your credibility is completely lost , and you stand no chance of winning that case . So I learned that from her . It 's very powerful and true . If somebody lies to you , how can you trust anything they ever say after that ? ''
It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
The theme song is a piece of production music called `` Temptation Sensation '' by German composer Heinz Kiessling . Additionally , Kiessling 's work ( `` On Your Bike '' and `` Blue Blood '' ) can also be heard during various scene transitions throughout the show , along with other composers and pieces such as Werner Tautz ( `` Off Broadway '' ) , Joe Brook ( `` Moonbeam Kiss '' ) and Karl Grell ( `` Honey Bunch '' ) . Many of the tracks heard in the series have been taken from Cafe Romantique , an album of easy listening production music collected by Extreme Music , the production music library unit of Sony / ATV Music Publishing . Independent record label Fervor Records has also contributed music to the show . Songs from The Jack Gray Orchestra 's album , Easy Listening Symph - O - Nette ( `` Take A Letter Miss Jones '' , `` Golly Gee Whiz '' , and `` Not a Care in the World '' ) and the John Costello III release Giants of Jazz ( `` Birdcage '' , `` Cotton Club '' and `` Quintessential '' ) are heard in several episodes . The soundtrack , featuring most of the music heard on the show , was released in 2010 .
Factory Acts
The main article gives an overview of the state of Factory Act legislation in Edwardian Britain under the Factory and Workshop Acts 1878 to 1895 ( the collective title of the Factory and Workshop Act 1878 , the Factory and Workshop Act 1883 , the Cotton Cloth Factories Act 1889 , the Factory and Workshop Act 1891 and the Factory and Workshop Act 1895 . )
The Devil Wears Prada (film)
`` ( The film ) definitely paved the way for the filmmakers and distributors of the world to know that there was a female audience that was really strong out there '' , Gabler recalls , one that was not segmented by age . She pointed to later movies , such as Mamma Mia ! , 27 Dresses ( written by McKenna ) and Me Before You , that appeared to her to be trying to replicate The Devil Wears Prada 's success with that demographic . However , Gabler feels they did not do so as well . `` Prada reminds me of movies that we do n't have a lot of now -- it harkens back to classic movies that had so much more than just one kind of plot line ... You just keep wanting to find something that can touch upon the same zeitgeist as this film . ''
Steam power during the Industrial Revolution
Following the advent of the steamboat , the United States saw an incredible growth in the transportation of goods and people , which was key in westward expansion . Prior to the steamboat , it could take between three and four months to make the passage from New Orleans to Louisville , averaging twenty miles a day . With the steamboat this time was reduced drastically with trips ranging from twenty - five to thirty - five days . This was especially beneficial to farmers as their crops could now be transported elsewhere to be sold . The steamboat also allowed for increased specialization . Sugar and Cotton were shipped up north while goods like poultry , grain and pork were shipped south . Unfortunately , the steamboat also aided in the internal slave trade .
Kerosene heater
Always use the fuel type indicated by the manufacturer ( usually clear 1 - K Kerosene ) . The pink `` off road '' Kerosene can be burned in the fiberglass wicked models as well as the Japanese vented heaters . The Japanese gasification type as well as all the cotton wicked heaters should use clear 1 - K. Use of impure fuel can cause extra soot . A risk of explosion is present with even trace amounts of gasoline / petrol mixed in the fuel , which is why it is illegal in many jurisdictions to dispense gasoline / petrol into unauthorized containers such as kerosene jugs . Be sure to store in a container that has not been used with gasoline / petrol .
Refinancing
In this case the broker receives a credit or what 's called yield spread premium ( YSP ) . Yield spread premiums are the cash that a mortgage company receives for originating your loan . The broker provides the client and the documentation needed to process the loan and the lender pays them for providing this service in lieu of paying one of their own loan officers . Since a brokerage can have more than one loan officer originating loans , they can sometimes receive additional YSP for bringing in a volume amount of loans . This is normally based on funding more than 1 million in total loans per month . This can greatly benefit the borrower , especially since April 1 , 2011 . New laws have been implemented by the federal government mandating that all brokers have set pricing with the lenders they do business with . Brokers can receive so much YSP that they can provide you with a lower rate than if you went directly to the lender and they can pay for all your closing cost as opposed to the lender who would make you pay for all the third party fees on your own . You end up with a lower rate and lower fees . Since the new RESPA law as of April came into effect in 2011 , brokers can no longer decide how much they want to make off of the loan . Instead they sign a contract in April stating that they will keep only a certain percentage of the YSP and the rest will go toward the borrowers closing cost .
Human skin color
There are two different mechanisms involved . Firstly , the UVA - radiation creates oxidative stress , which in turn oxidizes existing melanin and leads to rapid darkening of the melanin , also known as IPD ( immediate pigment darkening ) . Secondly , there is an increase in production of melanin known as melanogenesis . Melanogenesis leads to delayed tanning and first becomes visible about 72 hours after exposure . The tan that is created by an increased melanogenesis lasts much longer than the one that is caused by oxidation of existing melanin . Tanning involves not just the increased melanin production in response to UV radiation but the thickening of the top layer of the epidermis , the stratum corneum .