vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Elizabethan government
Along with these , she had many favourites . Robert Dudley , Earl of Leicester was Elizabeth 's most important favourite during the first thirty years of her reign . He was most influential at court and one of the chief privy councillors . In 1585 - 1587 , he commanded the English army in the Netherlands , and was appointed Governor - General of the Netherlands in 1586 by the Dutch ( against Elizabeth 's wishes ) ; he gave up his post in December 1587 , and was appointed general of the armies to repel the Spanish invasion in 1588 , but died shortly after . Sir Christopher Hatton , another favourite , became captain of her bodyguard in 1572 , her spokesman in the House of Commons , and was made Lord Chancellor in 1587 despite little legal training , he was also an eminent privy councillor . Sir Walter Raleigh was such a favourite that he was showered with gifts , including the right to take possession of land in the New World , where he organised the exploration of what would be Virginia . Privy
Amy Winehouse
was in trouble at that time because she had a couple of engagements that she did n't keep up . But what people did n't realise at that time , that she really knew , and in fact I did n't even know it when we were making the record , and now looking at the whole thing ; she knew that she was in a lot of trouble ; that she was n't going to live . And it was n't drugs . It was alcohol toward the end ... It was such a sad thing because ... she was the only singer that really sang what I call the ' right way ' because she was a great jazz - pop singer ... She was really a great jazz singer . A true jazz singer . And I regret that because that 's the ' right way ' to sing .
History of women in the United States
However , women also faced many challenges during this time . A National Education Association survey showed that between 1930 and 1931 , 63 % of cities dismissed female teachers as soon as they became married , and 77 % did not hire married women as teachers . Also , a survey of 1,500 cities from 1930 to 1931 found that three - quarters of those cities did not employ married women for any jobs . In January 1932 , Congress passed the Federal Economy Act which stipulated that no two persons in the family could be working in government service at the same time ; three - fourths of employees discharged as a result of this Act were women . However , during the Great Depression white women 's unemployment rate was actually lower than that for men , because women were paid less and because men would not take what they considered to be `` women 's jobs '' such as clerical work or domestic service . Yet as a result of rising unemployment , white women 's movement into professional and technical work slowed .
History of the United States Constitution
Appointed delegates from four states either arrived too late to participate or otherwise decided not attend . Because so few states were present , delegates did not deem `` it advisable to proceed on the business of their mission . '' However , they did adopt a report calling for another convention of the states to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation . They desired that Constitutional Convention take place in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787 .
Cotton-Eyed Joe
What did make you sarve me so , Fur ter take my gal erway fum me , An ' cyar her plum ter Tennessee ? Ef it had n't ben fur Cotton - eyed Joe , I 'd er been married long ergo . `` His eyes wuz crossed , an ' his nose wuz flat , An ' his teef wuz out , but wat uv dat ? Fur he wuz tall , an ' he wuz slim , An ' so my gal she follered him . Ef it had n't ben fur Cotton - eyed Joe , I 'd er been married long ergo . `` No gal so hansum could be foun ' , Not in all dis country roun ' , Wid her kinky head , an ' her eyes so bright , Wid her lips so red an ' her teef so white . Ef it had n't ben fur Cotton - eyed Joe , I 'd been married long ergo . `` An ' I loved dat gal wid all my heart , An ' she swo ' fum me she 'd never part ; But den wid Joe she runned away , An ' lef ' me hyear fur ter weep all day . O Cotton - eyed Joe , O Cotton - eyed Joe , What did make you sarve me so ? O Joe , ef it had n't er ben fur you , I 'd er married dat gal fur true . ''
Napoleon
Bonaparte could win battles by concealment of troop deployments and concentration of his forces on the `` hinge '' of an enemy 's weakened front . If he could not use his favourite envelopment strategy , he would take up the central position and attack two co-operating forces at their hinge , swing round to fight one until it fled , then turn to face the other . In this Italian campaign , Bonaparte 's army captured 150,000 prisoners , 540 cannons , and 170 standards . The French army fought 67 actions and won 18 pitched battles through superior artillery technology and Bonaparte 's tactics .
Lord
According to the Oxford Dictionary of English , the etymology of the word can be traced back to the Old English word hlāford which originated from hlāfweard meaning `` loaf - ward '' or `` bread keeper '' , reflecting the Germanic tribal custom of a chieftain providing food for his followers . The appellation `` lord '' is primarily applied to men , while for women the appellation `` lady '' is used . However , this is no longer universal : the Lord of Mann , a title currently held by the Queen of the United Kingdom , and female Lord Mayors are examples of women who are styled Lord .
Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
In this chapter , Anzaldúa begins by describing the importance of the mirror and what it can symbolize in different cultures . To her , the mirror is a `` door through which the soul may ' pass ' to the other side and ( her mother ) did n't want ( her children ) to accidentally follow ( their ) father to the place where the souls of the dead live . '' Through this personal anecdote , which becomes relevant to the rest of her chapter , she then transitions into the idea of the Coatlicue state and what being a part of that state entails . She describes the Coatlicue state as having duality in life , a synthesis of duality , and a third perspective , something more than mere duality or a synthesis of duality . She concludes this short chapter by describing the moment in which she allowed the Coatlicue state to take control after years of attempting to rule herself . She states that she is never alone and that she is no longer afraid after this moment , when she finally feels complete .
What a Wonderful World
ABC Records ' European distributor EMI forced ABC to issue a What a Wonderful World album in 1968 ( catalogue number ABCS - 650 ) . It did not chart in the United States , due to ABC not promoting it , but charted in the UK where it was issued by Stateside Records with catalogue number SSL 10247 and peaked on the British chart at No. 37 .
Lord
Under the feudal system , `` lord '' had a wide , loose and varied meaning . An overlord was a person from whom a landholding or a manor was held by a mesne lord or vassal under various forms of feudal land tenure . The modern term `` landlord '' is a vestigial survival of this function . A liege lord was a person to whom a vassal owed sworn allegiance . Neither of these terms were titular dignities , but rather factual appellations , which described the relationship between two or more persons within the highly stratified feudal social system . For example , a man might be Lord of the Manor to his own tenants but also a vassal of his own overlord , who in turn was a vassal of the King . Where a knight was a lord of the manor , he was referred to in contemporary documents as `` John ( Surname ) , knight , lord of ( manor name ) '' . A feudal baron was a true titular dignity , with the right to attend Parliament , but a feudal baron , Lord of the Manor of many manors , was a vassal of the King .
Timon and Pumbaa
The film also shows more of Simba 's life with Timon and Pumbaa before Nala came along , stating that Simba had beaten Timon in every bug - eating contest they had done with one another . Timon and Pumbaa , afraid that Nala would take away their friend , attempted to spoil Simba and Nala 's date by letting out bees , a spider , and tripping the two ( explaining why they fell down the hill in the first film ) , but all failed . Later on , they see Simba and Nala quarrelling . They also mistake the appearance of Mufasa 's ghost as bad weather ( `` I think the storm is coming to a head '' ) . After they realize Simba has gone back to take his rightful place as king , it is revealed that Pumbaa had set off to help Simba before Timon , who was indifferent and reluctant . Timon eventually came to his senses thanks to Rafiki 's continued advice , and quickly followed , after which Rafiki says , `` My work here is done . '' The duo provides their hula distraction ( shown in the first film . This apparently was Timon 's fault because before he did the dance , he asked Simba what his plan was to get past the hyenas , Simba replies `` Live bait . '' When Timon realizes he and Pumbaa were the live bait , he sarcastically asked Simba `` What do you want me to do ? Dress in drag and do the hula ? '' . A few seconds later , the hyenas wake up and see Timon in a hula skirt , a flower , and a flower necklace and Pumbaa like a cooked pig ) , the two run into Ma and Uncle Max , who had been searching for Timon ever since he left the meerkat colony . Later on during the fight , they defeated the hyenas by digging a massive tunnel network , sending the hyenas down Pride Rock where they get to take revenge on Scar who had betrayed them . This scene explains what happened to Timon and Pumbaa while Simba is fighting Scar .
Woodrow Wilson
In May 1920 , Wilson sent a long - deferred proposal to Congress to have the U.S. accept a mandate from the League of Nations to take over Armenia. Bailey notes this was opposed by American public opinion , while Richard G. Hovannisian states that Wilson `` made all the wrong arguments '' for the mandate and focused less on the immediate policy than on how history would judge his actions : `` ( he ) wished to place it clearly on the record that the abandonment of Armenia was not his doing . '' The resolution won the votes of only 23 senators . Incapacity
Appeasement
The journalist Shiela Grant Duff 's Penguin Special , Europe and the Czechs was published and distributed to every MP on the day that Chamberlain returned from Munich . Her book was a spirited defence of the Czech nation and a detailed criticism of British policy , confronting the need for war if necessary . It was influential and widely read . Although she argued against the policy of `` peace at almost any price '' she did not take the personal tone that Guilty Men was to take two years later . Beginning
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Supreme Court asserted that plaintiffs must establish not only that a private party `` acted under color of the challenged statute , but also that its actions are properly attributable to the State . ( ... ) '' `` And the actions are to be attributable to the State apparently only if the State compelled the actions and not if the State merely established the process through statute or regulation under which the private party acted . ''
Planck's law
Planck did not propose that light propagating in free space is quantized . The idea of quantization of the free electromagnetic field was developed later , and eventually incorporated into what we now know as quantum field theory .
High- and low-level
Climate is a high - level description of the actions of the atmosphere and oceans . Physics of water and gas molecules is a low - level description of the same system . The instruction `` write a creative poem on love '' is a high - level instruction . The instruction `` tighten the tendons in the dominant wrist to grip the pen '' is a low - level description of an activity within that . `` Wikipedia is an encyclopedia '' is a high - level description compared to `` Wikipedia is a collection of textual articles on many topics '' . The former reflects a higher level view of organization , purpose , concept and structure , but does not explain what Wikipedia physically is . The latter is more detailed as to what exactly Wikipedia contains and how it 's made up , but does n't explain what its overall purpose and goals are . These are typical features of high - level and low - level descriptions .
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers is a 2002 New Zealand - American epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson and based on the second volume of J.R.R. Tolkien 's novel The Lord of the Rings . It is the second installment in The Lord of the Rings film series , preceded by The Fellowship of the Ring ( 2001 ) and concluding with The Return of the King ( 2003 ) .
Relative deprivation
Runciman distinguishes between egoistic and fraternalistic relative deprivation . The former is caused by unfavorable social position when compared to other , better off members of a specific group ( of which A is the member ) and the latter , by unfavorable comparison to other , better off groups . Egoistic relative deprivation can be seen in the example of a worker who believes he should have been promoted faster and may lead that person to take actions intended to improve his position within the group ; those actions are , however , unlikely to affect many people . Fraternalistic can be seen in the example of racial discrimination , and are much more likely to result in the creation and growth of large social movement , like the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s . Another example of fraternalistic relative deprivation is the envy teenagers feel towards the wealthy characters who are portrayed in movies and on television as being `` middle class '' or `` normal '' despite wearing expensive clothes , driving expensive cars , and living in mansions .
Division of the assembly
In the House of Lords , the Lord Speaker proposes the question and announces the result as in the Commons , but substitutes `` Content '' for `` Aye '' and `` Not - Content '' for `` No '' . A Lord may object to the Lord Speaker 's determination . The Lord Speaker then announces a division by stating , `` Clear the Bar ! '' The Bar of the House is then cleared . Tellers are appointed as in the Commons .
Impeachment
The Select Committee on Parliamentary Privilege in 1967 recommended `` that the right to impeach , which has long been in disuse , be now formally abandoned '' . Their recommendation not having been implemented in the meantime , the Select Committee on Privileges in 1977 declared it `` to be of continuing validity '' and again urged that it be adopted . Shortly before this report was issued , in April 1977 the Young Liberals ' annual conference unanimously passed a motion calling on Liberal Party leader David Steel to move for the impeachment of Ronald King Murray QC , the Lord Advocate , over his handling of the Patrick Meehan miscarriage of justice affair . Steel did not move any such motion but Murray ( now Lord Murray , a former Senator of the College of Justice of Scotland ) agreed that the power still existed .
Angel of the Lord
The Angel of the Lord is identified by some Christians , such as Justin Martyr , as the pre-incarnate Christ whose appearance , i.e. Christophany , is recorded in the Hebrew Bible . Per the reason why some early Christians viewed Jesus as the Angel of the Lord , Susan Garrett asserts :
Sabbath in Christianity
While the Lord 's Day observance of the Eucharist was established separately from the Jewish Sabbath , the centrality of the Eucharist itself made it the commonest early observance whenever Christians gathered for worship . In many places and times as late as the 4th century , they did continue to gather weekly on the Sabbath , often in addition to the Lord 's Day , celebrating the Eucharist on both days . No disapproval of Sabbath observance of the Christian festival was expressed at the early church councils that dealt with Judaizing . The Council of Laodicea ( 363 - 364 ) , for example , mandated only that Sabbath Eucharists must be observed in the same manner as those on the first day . Neander has suggested that Sabbath Eucharists in many places were kept `` as a feast in commemoration of the Creation '' .
Boston Tea Party
Governor Thomas Hutchinson had been urging London to take a hard line with the Sons of Liberty . If he had done what the other royal governors had done and let the ship owners and captains resolve the issue with the colonists , Dartmouth , Eleanor and Beaver would have left without unloading any tea .
Angel of the Lord
The KJV and NKJV capitalize `` Angel '' in the Old Testament references to `` the '' Angel of the Lord , possibly to indicate that it is a specific angel , while using lower - case `` angel '' in the New Testament references to `` an '' angel of the Lord . Most versions , including NASB , RSV , ESV , etc. , do not capitalise `` angel '' in the Old Testament mentions of `` the angel of the Lord '' .
List of Game of Thrones characters
Catelyn Stark ( seasons 1 -- 3 ) portrayed by Michelle Fairley . Catelyn Stark of House Stark and House Tully ( née Tully ) , Lady of Winterfell , is the wife of Lord Eddard Stark . Born to the Lord and Lady of the Riverlands , she is the elder sister of Lysa Arryn , Lady of the Vale and Mistress of the Eyrie , and Lord Edmure Tully , Lord of Riverrun . After deducing that the Lannisters are responsible for the attempt on Bran Stark 's life , she travels to King 's Landing to warn Ned , and on her return trip has a chance encounter with Tyrion Lannister . Since Catelyn does not know about Tyrion 's complete innocence , she decides to take him captive because she believes that he is behind the attempt on her son 's life . She takes him to her sister , Lysa Arryn , so that he can be brought to justice but is not successful , as Tyrion is found innocent after a trial by combat . After her husband is arrested and her eldest son Robb goes to war for his release , she joins her son 's war council . Upon learning that her husband was executed by orders of King Joffrey , she vows to her son Robb that the Lannister family will pay with their lives . Throughout the second season , she aids her son Robb in the rebellion by advising him and attempting to broker alliances . While trying to form an alliance with Renly Baratheon , another claimant to the Iron Throne , she takes Brienne of Tarth into her service as an armswoman after Renly 's assassination . She frees Jaime Lannister , a valuable hostage to the Starks , in an attempt to exchange him for her captive daughters . Robb , feeling betrayed by what his mother has done , puts her under house arrest . Catelyn travels north with her son to her father 's funeral at her childhood home of Riverrun . She is killed in the Red Wedding Massacre after her desperate ( and futile ) pleas to the Freys to spare her son , threatening to slit Lady Frey 's throat if Robb dies . She keeps her promise , and is herself killed moments later when `` Black '' Walder Frey cuts her throat to the bone .
Elvis Presley
Presley returned to the Sullivan show at its main studio in New York , hosted this time by its namesake , on October 28 . After the performance , crowds in Nashville and St. Louis burned him in effigy . His first motion picture , Love Me Tender , was released on November 21 . Though he was not top billed , the film 's original title -- The Reno Brothers -- was changed to capitalize on his latest number one record : `` Love Me Tender '' had hit the top of the charts earlier that month . To further take advantage of Presley 's popularity , four musical numbers were added to what was originally a straight acting role . The film was panned by the critics but did very well at the box office . Presley would receive top billing on every subsequent film he made .
Xhosa language
Lord , bless Africa ; May her horn rise high up ; Hear Thou our prayers Lord , bless us , your family .
Aztec religion
Mictlantecutli -- Lord of the underworld Mictlancihuatl -- Queen of the underworld Xolotl - `` The Animal '' , Lord of the Evening Star
Lord of the Flies (1990 film)
Lord of the Flies is a 1990 American survival drama film directed by Harry Hook and starring Balthazar Getty , Chris Furrh , Danuel Pipoly and James Badge Dale . It was produced by Lewis M. Allen and written by Jay Presson Allen under the pseudonym `` Sarah Schiff '' , based on the 1954 book Lord of the Flies , by William Golding . It is the second film adaptation of the book , after Lord of the Flies ( 1963 ) .
The Deer Hunter
According to Cimino , he would call Washburn while on the road scouting for locations and feed him notes on dialogue and story . Upon reviewing Washburn 's draft , Cimino said , `` I came back , and read it and I just could not believe what I read . It was like it was written by somebody who was ... mentally deranged . '' Cimino confronted Washburn at the Sunset Marquis in LA about the draft , and Washburn supposedly replied that he could n't take the pressure and had to go home . Cimino then fired Washburn . Cimino later claimed to have written the entire screenplay himself . Washburn 's response to Cimino 's comments were , `` It 's all nonsense . It 's lies . I did n't have a single drink the entire time I was working on the script . '' Washburn
Whigs (British political party)
By 1815 , the Whigs were still far from being a `` party '' in the modern sense . They had no definite programme or policy and were by no means even united . Generally , they stood for reducing crown patronage , sympathy towards nonconformists , support for the interests of merchants and bankers and a leaning towards the idea of a limited reform of the voting system . Most Whig leaders , such as Lord Grey , Lord Grenville , Lord Althorp , William Lamb ( later Lord Melbourne ) and Lord John Russell , were still rich landowners . The most prominent exception was Henry Brougham , the talented lawyer , who had a relatively modest background .
Mali Empire
Duties of the farba included reporting on the activities of the territory , collecting taxes and ensuring the native administration did n't contradict orders from Niani . The farba could also take power away from the native administration if required and raise an army in the area for defence or putting down rebellions .
Angel of the Lord
An angel of the Lord who is mentioned in Luke 1 : 11 identifies himself as Gabriel in Luke 1 : 19 .
Darth Vader
Anakin is a lead character in all seasons of The Clone Wars . As a Jedi Knight , he goes on several missions with both Obi - Wan and Ahsoka throughout the war . While continuing to teach Ahsoka the ways of the Jedi , Anakin has developed a close bond with her and they take risks to protect or save one another . Some of Anakin 's actions taken out of concern for Ahsoka violate the Jedi code , such as torturing prisoners who may know her location when she goes missing . During the third season , Anakin experiences a vision of his future as Darth Vader . Rebels
X chromosome
It was first noted that the X chromosome was special in 1890 by Hermann Henking in Leipzig . Henking was studying the testicles of Pyrrhocoris and noticed that one chromosome did not take part in meiosis . Chromosomes are so named because of their ability to take up staining . Although the X chromosome could be stained just as well as the others , Henking was unsure whether it was a different class of object and consequently named it X element , which later became X chromosome after it was established that it was indeed a chromosome .