vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Pi
where i is the imaginary unit satisfying i = − 1 . The frequent appearance of π in complex analysis can be related to the behavior of the exponential function of a complex variable , described by Euler 's formula :
United States Postal Service
Residential customers can fill out a form to forward mail to a new address , and can also send pre-printed forms to any of their frequent correspondents . They can also put their mail on `` hold '' , for example , while on vacation . The Post Office will store mail during the hold , instead of letting it overflow in the mailbox . These services are not available to large buildings and customers of a commercial mail receiving agency , where mail is subsorted by non-Post Office employees into individual mailboxes .
Meander
As noted above , it was initially either argued or presumed that an incised meander is characteristic of an antecedent stream or river that had incised its channel into underlying strata . An antecedent stream or river is one that maintains its original course and pattern during incision despite the changes in underlying rock topography and rock types . However , later geologists argue that the shape of an incised meander is not always , if ever , `` inherited , '' e.g. , strictly from an antecedent meandering stream where it meander pattern could freely develop on a level floodplain . Instead , they argue that as fluvial incision of bedrock proceeds , the stream course is significantly modified by variations in rock type and fractures , faults , and other geological structures into either lithologically conditioned meanders or structurally controlled meanders .
Islands in the Stream (song)
`` ( Barry ) Islands in the Stream '' -- 3 : 56 `` Wisemen '' -- 3 : 14 `` Somethin ' Stupid '' -- 2 : 48 `` Islands in the Stream '' ( music video ) -- 4 : 21
Carburetor
Fuel is introduced into the air stream through small holes at the narrowest part of the Venturi and at other places where pressure will be lowered when not running on full throttle . Fuel flow is adjusted by means of precisely calibrated orifices , referred to as jets , in the fuel path .
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2012 July 7
← Baseball Bugs carrots → 22 : 11 , 7 July 2012 ( UTC ) Speaking of Roger Ebert , I am reminded of his review of the 1994 film North where he famously and bluntly stated `` I hated this movie . Hated , hated , hated , hated , hated this movie . I hated it . '' Yes , he did briefly explain what the film was about , but I guess he was too upset about its entire basis and that he really did not need to spoil the ending to make his point . Zzyzx11 ( talk ) 09 : 43 , 8 July 2012 ( UTC ) There is nothing bad one can say about The African Queen , Star Wars , Gosford Park , The Fifth Element , or O Brother , Where Art Thou , and nothing good one can say about The Phantom Menace , Catwoman ( film ) , or Shaft ( 2000 ) . μηδείς ( talk ) 22 : 04 , 7 July 2012 ( UTC ) to all of that . -- ♬ Jack of Oz ♬ 22 : 23 , 7 July 2012 ( UTC ) When the first Star Wars came out , most everyone loved it , but some criticized what they saw as the robots being human and the humans being cartoonlike . The box office figures indicated that was OK with the audience . ← Baseball Bugs carrots → 22 : 11 , 7 July 2012 ( UTC ) ( ( ) )
Meander
As a waveform the meandering stream follows the down - valley axis , a straight line fitted to the curve such that the sum of all the amplitudes measured from it is zero . This axis represents the overall direction of the stream .
Run (Snow Patrol song)
The video starts with Lightbody , who wears a dark coat , a grey polo neck sweater , and trousers . He sings as he pushes an old motorcycle across a farmer 's field at dusk . As darkness falls , he abandons the bike and enters a wood . He walks through it , until he descends a short hill and stays in a stream . As the chorus begins , Lightbody lights a distress firelight , he moves it in circles as he sings . In a bridge behind him , two members from Snow Patrol light two flares and move them as well . When the chorus ends , Lighbody throws his flare to the water , in which it continues shining . Lightbody returns to the forest and he sings while he walks . Later , he ascends to a plain , where another two members ignite two distress firelights as the second verse ends . With the flares , they run and move them in circles , and then , they throw them to each other . Nathan Connolly , who wears a grey hoodie , appears riding the motorcycle Lightbody dumped . He drives it in zigzag with the other men . As the video ends , he goes to the stream , where the motorbike starts to throw smoke ; Connolly gets off it , and it fires . The burning bike rolls downhill and it falls into the stream , where it sinks , with the fire being extinguished .
Confederate States of America
When the war began , the US Post Office still delivered mail from the secessionist states for a brief period of time . Mail that was postmarked after the date of a state 's admission into the Confederacy through May 31 , 1861 , and bearing US postage was still delivered . After this time , private express companies still managed to carry some of the mail across enemy lines . Later , mail that crossed lines had to be sent by ' Flag of Truce ' and was allowed to pass at only two specific points . Mail sent from the South to the North states was received , opened and inspected at Fortress Monroe on the Virginia coast before being passed on into the U.S. mail stream . Mail sent from the North to the South passed at City Point , also in Virginia , where it was also inspected before being sent on .
United States Postal Service
Some customers choose to use post office boxes for an additional fee , for privacy or convenience . This provides a locked box at the post office to which mail is addressed and delivered ( usually earlier in the day than home delivery ) . Customers in less densely populated areas where there is no city delivery and who do not qualify for rural delivery may receive mail only through post office boxes . High - volume business customers can also arrange for special pick - up .
Islands in the Stream (song)
`` Islands in the Stream '' Song by Barry Gibb from the album The Eyes That See in the Dark Demos Language English Released November 2006 Format Digital download Recorded May 1983 Miami Beach , Florida Genre Pop , country Length 3 : 59 Label iTunes Songwriter ( s ) Barry Gibb , Robin Gibb , Maurice Gibb The Eyes That See in the Dark Demos track listing `` Buried Treasure ( 3 ) `` Islands in the Stream '' ( 4 ) `` Living with You '' ( 4 )
Salt Lake City
The primary source of precipitation in Salt Lake City is massive storms that move in from the Pacific Ocean along the jet stream from October to May . In mid-to - late summer , when the jet stream retreats far to the north , precipitation mainly comes from afternoon thunderstorms caused by monsoon moisture moving up from the Gulf of California . Although rainfall can be heavy , these storms are usually scattered in coverage and rarely severe . However , downtown was hit by an F2 tornado on August 11 , 1999 , killing 1 person , injuring 60 , and causing $170 million in damage . The remnants of tropical cyclones from the East Pacific can rarely reach the city during Fall . The remnants of Hurricane Olivia helped bring the record monthly precipitation of 7.04 inches ( 179 mm ) in September 1982 . 1983 was the wettest year on record , with 24.26 inches ( 616 mm ) , while 1979 was the driest , when 8.70 inches ( 221 mm ) were recorded . Spring snowmelt from the surrounding mountains can cause localized stream flooding during late spring and early summer , the worst examples being in 1952 and especially 1983 , when City Creek burst its banks , ( Creek - bed scouring in Memory Grove , caused by high spring run - off in City Creek , filled much of the submerged waterway running westward under North Temple Street towards the Jordan River ) forcing city engineers to convert several downtown streets into waterways .
Telephone exchange
The central exchange , due to the system 's design , is almost always a single point of failure for local calls . As the capacity of individual switches and the optical fibre which interconnects them increases , potential disruption caused by destruction of one local office will only be magnified . Multiple fibre connections can be used to provide redundancy to voice and data connections between switching centres , but careful network design is required to avoid situations where a main fibre and its backup both go through the same damaged central office as a potential common mode failure .
I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
`` I Can Only Imagine '' was the debut single for United States contemporary Christian and Christian rock band MercyMe . Bart Millard , the band 's vocalist , lost his father , Arthur Wesley Millard Jr. , in 1991 . Millard was 18 at the time . Millard began writing the words `` I can only imagine '' on items when he was thinking about his father . During the recording of the band 's 1999 independent album The Worship Project , MercyMe needed one more song to fill out the album . Millard , alone on a bus in the middle of the night , finally wrote the lyrics to the song by drawing on his thoughts and personal faith about what one would experience standing before God in Heaven . Millard attests that `` ( ' I Can Only Imagine ' ) is one of the only songs I have ever written where there was n't any mistakes , it was just written the way it is and left at that '' , and estimated that it took him only ten minutes to write the lyrics .
Cogito, ergo sum
The Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard calls the phrase a tautology in his Concluding Unscientific Postscript . He argues that the cogito already presupposes the existence of `` I '' , and therefore concluding with existence is logically trivial . Kierkegaard 's argument can be made clearer if one extracts the premise `` I think '' into the premises `` ' x ' thinks '' and `` I am that ' x ' '' , where `` x '' is used as a placeholder in order to disambiguate the `` I '' from the thinking thing .
Polygonum perfoliatum
Polygonum perfoliatum as a weed generally colonizes open and warm areas , along the edges of woods , wetlands , stream banks , and roadsides , and uncultivated open fields , resulting from both natural and human causes , dense wooded areas where the overstory has opened up increasing the sunlight to the forest floor . Natural areas such as stream banks , parks , open space , road shoulders , forest edges and fence lines are all typical areas to find P. perfoliatum . It also occurs in environments that are extremely wet with poor soil structure . Available light and soil moisture are both integral to the successful colonization of this species . It will tolerate shade for a part of the day , but needs a good percentage , 63 - 100 % of the available light . The ability of P. perfoliatum to attach to other plants with its recurved barbs and climb over the plants to reach an area of high light intensity is a key to its survival . It can survive in areas with relatively low soil moisture , but demonstrates a preference for high soil moisture .
Collagen
When hydrolyzed , collagen is reduced to small peptides , which can be ingested in the form of dietary supplement or functional foods and beverages with the intent to aid joint and bone health and enhance skin health . Hydrolyzed collagen has a much smaller molecular weight in comparison to native collagen or gelatin , study suggests that more than 90 % of hydrolyzed collagen is digested and available as small peptides in the blood stream within one hour . From the blood , the peptides ( containing hydroxyproline ) are transported into the target tissues ( e.g. , skin , bones , and cartilage ) , where the peptides act as building blocks for local cells and help boost the production of new collagen fibers .
Michigan
There are two types of township in Michigan : general law township and charter . Charter township status was created by the Legislature in 1947 and grants additional powers and stream - lined administration in order to provide greater protection against annexation by a city . As of April 2001 , there were 127 charter townships in Michigan . In general , charter townships have many of the same powers as a city but without the same level of obligations . For example , a charter township can have its own fire department , water and sewer department , police department , and so on -- just like a city -- but it is not required to have those things , whereas cities must provide those services . Charter townships can opt to use county - wide services instead , such as deputies from the county sheriff 's office instead of a home - based force of ordinance officers .
Logan (film)
By March 2014 , a decision was made to begin shooting after Bryan Singer 's X-Men : Apocalypse ( 2016 ) , with the tentative plan to shoot the films back - to - back , with producer Hutch Parker stating , `` ... the goal will be X-Men : Apocalypse for 2016 , which means at the latest ( filming begins ) in summer 2015 , and then the same thing with Wolverine , either before or after , but based on the script . '' Also in March , 20th Century Fox set a release date of March 3 , 2017 , Mangold boarded the project as director , Jackman signed on to reprise his role , and David James Kelly was hired to pen the screenplay . In April 2014 , Jackman spoke about his ambitious feelings for the character of Logan , while mentioning that they can go further than what they achieved in The Wolverine . Jackman also expressed his feelings of finality with portraying the character of Logan , while in terms of storyline , he explained that nothing had been decided as of yet . Jackman concluded by highlighting that the success of the script development would determine whether Jackman would return at all : `` I have n't signed on . I 'm genuinely at that point where unless it 's better than the last one I 'm not going to do it . I think it has to be better . I can still see where we can improve on the last one . I love the intimacy of that story , I liked the small stuff , I liked that it was a little unexpected . ''
Magnetic field
where the line integral is over any arbitrary loop and I ( \ displaystyle ( I ) ) is the current enclosed by that loop . Ampère 's law is always valid for steady currents and can be used to calculate the B - field for certain highly symmetric situations such as an infinite wire or an infinite solenoid .
The Open House
Logan escapes into the woods and hides . He survives the freezing elements until morning . Succumbing to hypothermia , he drags himself to a stream . The intruder reveals himself , grabs Logan as he struggles and screams , and strangles him to death . As we see his lifeless body by the stream , the unidentified man drives towards the next open house event .
I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
`` I Can Only Imagine '' was released in 2001 as the album 's lead single . It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004 ; to aid in promotion to these markets , a double A-side physical single ( combined with `` Word of God Speak '' ) was released in 2003 . It charted on several formats , including the Billboard Adult Contemporary ( where it peaked at No. 5 ) and the Hot 100 ( where it peaked at No. 71 ) . In 2002 , `` I Can Only Imagine '' earned the Dove Awards for ' Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year ' and ' Song of the Year ' ; Millard earned the Dove Award ' Songwriter of the Year ' at the same ceremony . With 2.5 million copies sold , it is the best - selling Christian single of all time , having been certified 2x platinum by the RIAA . As of 2018 , it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone .
Electromagnetic radiation
As a wave , light is characterized by a velocity ( the speed of light ) , wavelength , and frequency . As particles , light is a stream of photons . Each has an energy related to the frequency of the wave given by Planck 's relation E = hf , where E is the energy of the photon , h = 6.626 × 10 J s is Planck 's constant , and f is the frequency of the wave .
Transpiration stream
Transpiration can be regulated through stomatal closure or opening . It allows for plants to efficiently transport water up to their highest body organs , regulate the temperature of stem and leaves and it allows for upstream signaling such as the dispersal of an apoplastic alkalinization during local oxidative stress .
Meander
Geomorphic refers to the surface structure of the terrain . Morphotectonic means having to do with the deeper , or tectonic ( plate ) structure of the rock . The features included under these categories are not random and guide streams into non-random paths . They are predictable obstacles that instigate meander formation by deflecting the stream . For example , the stream might be guided into a fault line ( morphotectonic ) .
Bee Gees
In October 1999 the Isle of Man Post Office unveiled a set of 6 stamps honouring their native sons ' music . The official launch took place at the London Palladium where the stage show of Saturday Night Fever was playing . A similar launch was held in New York shortly after to coincide with the show opening across the Atlantic . The songs depicted on the stamps are `` Massachusetts '' , `` Words '' , `` I 've Gotta Get A Message To You '' , `` Night Fever '' , `` Stayin ' Alive '' and `` Immortality '' .
Mount Everest
Most attempts are made during May , before the summer monsoon season . As the monsoon season approaches , the jet stream shifts northward , thereby reducing the average wind speeds high on the mountain . While attempts are sometimes made in September and October , after the monsoons , when the jet stream is again temporarily pushed northward , the additional snow deposited by the monsoons and the less stable weather patterns at the monsoons ' tail end make climbing extremely difficult . Southeast
Cape Hatteras Light
`` `` Hatteras light , the most important on our coast is , without doubt , the worst light in the world . Cape Hatteras is the point made by all vessels going to the south , and also coming from that direction ; the current of the Gulf Stream runs so close to the outer point of the shoals that vessels double as close round the breakers as possible , to avoid its influence . The only guide they have is the light , to tell them when up with the shoals ; but I have always had so little confidence in it , that I have been guided by the lead , without the use of which , in fact , no vessel should pass Hatteras . The first nine trips I made I never saw Hatteras light at all , though frequently passing in sight of the breakers , and when I did see it , I could not tell it from a steamer 's light , excepting that the steamer 's lights are much brighter . It has improved much latterly , but is still a wretched light . It is all important that Hatteras should be provided with a revolving light of great intensity , and that the light be raised 15 feet ( 4.6 m ) higher than at present . Twenty - four steamship 's lights , of great brilliancy , pass this point in one month , nearly at the rate of one every night ( they all pass at night ) and it can be seen how easily a vessel may be deceived by taking a steamer 's light for a light on shore . '' ''
Soil erosion
The effect of increased sediments loads on aquatic ecosystems can be catastrophic . Silt can smother the spawning beds of fish , by filling in the space between gravel on the stream bed . It also reduces their food supply , and causes major respiratory issues for them as sediment enters their gills . The biodiversity of aquatic plant and algal life is reduced , and invertebrates are also unable to survive and reproduce . While the sedimentation event itself might be relatively short - lived , the ecological disruption caused by the mass die off often persists long into the future .
Partition of India
I fully appreciate the fears of our brothers from ( the Muslim - majority areas ) . Nobody likes the division of India and my heart is heavy . But the choice is between one division and many divisions . We must face facts . We can not give way to emotionalism and sentimentality . The Working Committee has not acted out of fear . But I am afraid of one thing , that all our toil and hard work of these many years might go waste or prove unfruitful . My nine months in office has completely disillusioned me regarding the supposed merits of the Cabinet Mission Plan . Except for a few honorable exceptions , Muslim officials from the top down to the chaprasis ( peons or servants ) are working for the League . The communal veto given to the League in the Mission Plan would have blocked India 's progress at every stage . Whether we like it or not , de facto Pakistan already exists in the Punjab and Bengal . Under the circumstances I would prefer a de jure Pakistan , which may make the League more responsible . Freedom is coming . We have 75 to 80 percent of India , which we can make strong with our own genius . The League can develop the rest of the country .
Meander
The meander ratio or sinuosity index is a means of quantifying how much a river or stream meanders ( how much its course deviates from the shortest possible path ) . It is calculated as the length of the stream divided by the length of the valley . A perfectly straight river would have a meander ratio of 1 ( it would be the same length as its valley ) , while the higher this ratio is above 1 , the more the river meanders .
Telephone exchange
DLCs can be configured as universal ( UDLCs ) or integrated ( IDLCs ) . Universal DLCs have two terminals , a central office terminal ( COT ) and a remote terminal ( RT ) , that function similarly . Both terminals interface with analog signals , convert to digital signals , and transport to the other side where the reverse is performed .
Desert
Sandstorms occur with much less frequency than dust storms . They are often preceded by severe dust storms and occur when the wind velocity increases to a point where it can lift heavier particles . These grains of sand , up to about 0.5 mm ( 0.020 in ) in diameter are jerked into the air but soon fall back to earth , ejecting other particles in the process . Their weight prevents them from being airborne for long and most only travel a distance of a few meters ( yards ) . The sand streams along above the surface of the ground like a fluid , often rising to heights of about 30 cm ( 12 in ) . In a really severe steady blow , 2 m ( 6 ft 7 in ) is about as high as the sand stream can rise as the largest sand grains do not become airborne at all . They are transported by creep , being rolled along the desert floor or performing short jumps .
Grover Cleveland
As Frances Cleveland left the White House , she told a staff member , `` Now , Jerry , I want you to take good care of all the furniture and ornaments in the house , for I want to find everything just as it is now , when we come back again . '' When asked when she would return , she responded , `` We are coming back four years from today . '' In the meantime , the Clevelands moved to New York City , where Cleveland took a position with the law firm of Bangs , Stetson , Tracy , and MacVeigh . This affiliation was more of an office - sharing arrangement , though quite compatible . Cleveland 's law practice brought only a moderate income , perhaps because Cleveland spent considerable time at the couple 's vacation home Gray Gables at Buzzard Bay , where fishing became his obsession . While they lived in New York , the Clevelands ' first child , Ruth , was born in 1891 .