vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Grover Cleveland
Cleveland was the first Democratic President subject to the Tenure of Office Act which originated in 1867 ; the act purported to require the Senate to approve the dismissal of any presidential appointee who was originally subject to its advice and consent . Cleveland objected to the act in principle and his steadfast refusal to abide by it prompted its fall into disfavor and led to its ultimate repeal in 1887 .
Chaitya
The `` chaitya arch '' , gavaksha ( Sanscrit gavākṣa ) , or chandrashala around the large window above the entrance frequently appears repeated as a small motif in decoration , and evolved versions continue into Hindu and Jain decoration , long after actual chaitya halls had ceased to be built by Buddhists . In these cases it can become an elaborate frame , spreading rather wide , around a circular or semi-circular medallion , which may contain a sculpture of a figure or head . An earlier stage is shown here in the entrance to Cave 19 at the Ajanta Caves ( c. 475 - 500 ) , where four horizontal zones of the decoration use repeated `` chaitya arch '' motifs on an otherwise plain band ( two on the projecting porch , and two above ) . There is a head inside each arch .
Ancient Egypt
Libyan Berber control began to erode as a rival native dynasty in the delta arose under Leontopolis . Also , the Nubians of the Kushites threatened Egypt from the lands to the south . Around
Pennsylvania Turnpike
Many bridge designs were used for roads over the highway , including the concrete arch bridge , the through plate girder bridge and the concrete T - beam bridge . Bridges used to carry the turnpike over other roads and streams included a concrete arch viaduct in New Stanton . At 600 feet ( 180 m ) , the New Stanton viaduct was the longest bridge along the original section of the turnpike . Other turnpike bridges included plate girder bridges like the bridge over Dunnings Creek in the Bedford Narrows . Smaller concrete T - beam bridges were also built ; a total of 307 bridges were constructed along the original section of the turnpike . Rays
History of the Isle of Wight
Notable surviving monuments from this period include the 11th century church of St. Boniface at Bonchurch , the 12th century church at Yaverland , and the Norman entrance arch ( now to the churchyard ) at Binstead .
Lumbar vertebrae
The laminae are broad , short , and strong . They form the posterior portion of the vertebral arch . In the upper lumbar region the lamina are taller than wide but in the lower lumbar vertebra the lamina are wider than tall . The lamina connects the spinous process to the pedicles .
United States Secret Service
The New York City Field office was located at 7 World Trade Center . Immediately after the World Trade Center was attacked as part of the September 11 attacks , Special Agents and other New York Field office employees were among the first to respond with first aid . Sixty - seven Special Agents in New York City , at and near the New York Field Office , helped to set up triage areas and evacuate the towers . One Secret Service employee , Master Special Officer Craig Miller , died during the rescue efforts . On August 20 , 2002 , Director Brian L. Stafford awarded the Director 's Valor Award to employees who assisted in the rescue attempts . Domestic
Evolution of fish
The vertebrate jaw probably originally evolved in the Silurian period and appeared in the Placoderm fish , which further diversified in the Devonian . The two most anterior pharyngeal arches are thought to have become the jaw itself and the hyoid arch , respectively . The hyoid system suspends the jaw from the braincase of the skull , permitting great mobility of the jaws . Already long assumed to be a paraphyletic assemblage leading to more derived gnathostomes , the discovery of Entelognathus suggests that placoderms are directly ancestral to modern bony fish .
Jughead Jones
In the earlier comics , a running gag involved various characters trying to discover Jughead 's real name , while Jughead thwarted their efforts . In one story , Archie Andrews and Reggie Mantle go to the school office , where a woman tells them that Jughead 's real first name is Steve . After Archie and Reggie leave the office , the audience learns that the woman is actually Jughead 's aunt who has just lied as a favor to Jughead to help keep his real first name ( Forsythe ) hidden . In another story ( issue # 1 of `` The Jughead Jones Comics Digest , '' June 1977 ) we find out he is named after his ancestor who is an American hero . For a brief time , Jughead started to use his given name in honor of his ancestor . After learning that this ancestor was married nine times , Jughead reverted to his nickname . In the Little Archie series , his real name is revealed by Miss Grundy at the start of class . He also believes his name attracts girls as in a strip , his name was mentioned and it made the girls crazed for him .
Fingerprint
Other common fingerprint patterns include the tented arch , the plain arch , and the central pocket loop .
Renaissance
During the Renaissance , architects aimed to use columns , pilasters , and entablatures as an integrated system . The Roman orders types of columns are used : Tuscan , Doric , Ionic , Corinthian and Composite . These can either be structural , supporting an arcade or architrave , or purely decorative , set against a wall in the form of pilasters . One of the first buildings to use pilasters as an integrated system was in the Old Sacristy ( 1421 -- 1440 ) by Brunelleschi . Arches , semi-circular or ( in the Mannerist style ) segmental , are often used in arcades , supported on piers or columns with capitals . There may be a section of entablature between the capital and the springing of the arch . Alberti was one of the first to use the arch on a monumental . Renaissance vaults do not have ribs ; they are semi-circular or segmental and on a square plan , unlike the Gothic vault , which is frequently rectangular .
Democratic Party (United States)
Fifteen Democrats have served as President under 16 administrations : the first was seventh President Andrew Jackson , who served from 1829 to 1837 ; Grover Cleveland served two nonconsecutive terms from 1885 to 1889 and 1893 to 1897 ; and is thus counted twice ( as the 22nd and 24th President ) . The most recent was the 44th President Barack Obama , who held the office from 2009 to 2017 .
Sapper
During the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I Australian sappers repaired a bridge at the historic crossing of the Jordan River at Jisr Benat Yakub ( also known as Jacob 's Ford ) . Here the retreating Ottoman and German rearguard had blown up the bridge 's central arch which was repaired in five hours by sappers attached to the Australian Mounted Division . While the light horse brigades forded the river , continuing the Desert Mounted Corps ' advance to Damascus , the sappers worked through the night of 27 / 28 September 1918 , to repair the bridge to enable the division 's wheeled vehicles and guns to follow on 28 September .
Ancient Roman architecture
The first recorded Roman triumphal arches were set up in the time of the Roman Republic . Generals who were granted a triumph were termed triumphators and would erect fornices or honorific arches bearing statues to commemorate their victories . Roman triumphal practices changed significantly at the start of the imperial period when the first Roman Emperor Augustus decreed that only emperors would be granted triumphs . The triumphal arch changed from being a personal monument to being an essentially propagandistic one , serving to announce and promote the presence of the ruler and the laws of the state . Arches were not necessarily built as entrances , but -- unlike many modern triumphal arches -- they were often erected across roads and were intended to be passed through , not round .
Kirk Gibson's 1988 World Series home run
After winning the National League West division , the Dodgers were considered the underdogs throughout the 1988 postseason , first to the New York Mets in the NLCS , then to the A 's in the World Series . Gibson , who was not expected to play due to injuries in both legs sustained during the NLCS , was surprisingly inserted as a pinch hitter with the Dodgers trailing 4 -- 3 with two outs and the tying run at first base in the bottom of the ninth inning . Gibson 's home run -- his only plate appearance of the series -- helped the Dodgers defeat the A 's , 4 games to 1 , securing their sixth World Series title .
Y.A.R.O Ka Tashan
The story of the series is about Professor Govardhan Aggarwal Rakesh and his wife Beena Aggarwal ( Malini Kapoor ) who consider Y.A.R.O ( Young Assembled Robotic Object ) as their own son and had programmed him in a way where he behaved like a 6 - year - old human but later 15 and 21 year old human . In the first episode , Professor Govardhan Aggarwal is happily married to Beena . However , the couple does not have child despite many years of marriage . Professor Aggarwal creates a humanoid and names it Y.A.R.O . Professor and his wife treat Y.A.R.O as their own son and show love and affection to him. Three goons plan to kidnap Mr. raju 's son . Y.A.R.O. comes to the rescue of the child and saves him from the kidnappers . On the other hand , Amar and Prem come to the office of Cool Advertising . Yaro makes a call to the police and informs them that a child has been kidnapped from his society . Y.A.R.O learns that Chaturvedi is getting late for his office . Yaro hits Chaturvedi 's scooter with full force which helps him reach the office in time . Dolly meets Yaro and suggests him to not cause any trouble to Chaturvedi in the future . Beena thanks Yaro for cleaning her house .
Hyde Park, London
Popular areas within Hyde Park include Speakers ' Corner ( located in the northeast corner near Marble Arch ) , close to the former site of the Tyburn gallows , and Rotten Row , which is the northern boundary of the site of the Crystal Palace .
Trump Tower
As originally planned , the tower was to have 60 stories consisting of 13 office floors , 40 condominium floors , and two floors for mechanical uses , but this was later amended . The base was to be made of limestone , while the building 's elevators were to be in a separate glass structure outside the main tower . The final plan called for the building to contain 58 stories . The lowest six floors were to be occupied by the atrium , followed by 13 office floors above it , and 39 condominium floors above the office floors .
Early skyscrapers
The decisive factor in favour of change in Chicago , however , was the economic slowdown in the early 1890s , which gave way to the financial panic of 1893 . The recession , combined with the frantic building of the previous few years , meant that Chicago suddenly had a significant surplus of office space , threatening occupancy levels and rents . Regulation was introduced by the city council to control the problem in 1892 , with support from the real estate industry who hoped to slow the construction of additional office space and shore up their diminishing profit margins . The height of new buildings was limited to 150 feet ( 46 m ) , with lower height levels on narrower streets , effectively curtailing the construction of any taller skyscrapers .
Camp David Accords
The key to an arrangement between Begin and Sadat took place on Sunday , 6 August 1978 , as a result of a telephone call made that morning to the Israeli Prime Minister 's office by a United States citizen who had an `` idea for peace . '' The Prime Minister had not yet arrived at his office and the caller spoke to Mr. Yechiel Kadishai , a Begin staff head . Kadishai said that `` no one was speaking with anyone and we expect a war in October . '' He also told the caller that if any high level talks were to occur the caller could be assured that they would be using his approach . Begin arrived , was informed of the plan , and contacted Sadat who agreed to the plan on that day . On the next day , Secretary of State Cyrus Vance traveled to the Middle East to obtain firsthand confirmation of the agreement between Israel and Egypt . The following day , Tuesday , 8 August , the Camp David meeting was scheduled to take place in exactly 4 weeks time ; on 5 September 1978 . The plan was that Israel agreed on 6 August to return the land to Egypt . Sadat 's then waning popularity would be greatly enhanced as a result of such an achievement . Israel 's security was insured by the specific activities to take place during the `` transition period . '' Those activities also were included in the `` idea for peace '' communicated to Begin 's office on 6 August .
The Woolpack
For many years the Woolpack had a rival pub in the village called The Malt Shovel which was supposedly slightly downmarket compared to the Woolpack . Episodes in which the Malt Shovel have been mentioned include The Plane Crash and The Storm ones . The Malt Shovel was later redeveloped into an upmarket bar , Malt , to the chagrin of then Woolpack Landlady Val Pollard .
Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series)
Ramsay uses his own observations and those from the diners and other sources to decide who is the winning chef . He has two doors in his office leading out to the balcony above the Hell 's Kitchen seating area . Each chef stands at a door and Ramsay tells them to both turn their handles at the same time . After a commercial break , only the door of the winning chef is unlocked allowing the winner to walk through and be greeted by the crowd below . The winning chef receives two prizes including the opportunity to work as the head chef or executive chef at a restaurant of Ramsay 's choosing , as well as a cash prize of $250,000 . In a similar manner to the voiceover at each elimination , Ramsay has a voiceover to explain his reasons for choosing that chef as the winner .
A Tale of Two Cities
After starring in a play by Wilkie Collins titled The Frozen Deep , Dickens was first inspired to write Tale . In the play , Dickens played the part of a man who sacrifices his own life so that his rival may have the woman they both love ; the love triangle in the play became the basis for the relationships between Charles Darnay , Lucie Manette , and Sydney Carton in Tale .
The Divergent Series: Insurgent
The Divergent Series : Insurgent was released on March 20 , 2015 in the United States in the IMAX 3D format as well as regular 3D and 2D . Critical reaction to the film was mixed to negative : some have considered the film to be an improvement over its predecessor , with reviewers highlighting the visual style , action sequences , and Woodley 's performance , but the film still received a significant amount of negative criticism , mainly focused on its storyline . The film was a commercial success , grossing $52.2 million in its opening weekend and reaching the number one spot at the box - office . During its release in theaters , the film earned over US $297 million worldwide .
Cinema of the Philippines
While the non-ban of these kinds of films led to the liquidation of censorship committees for most countries , this was not the case for the Philippines , likely due to the demand in box office . On February 22 , 1970 , the theaters Pablace and Mayfair are picketed by protesters who went against bomba movies . In 1972 , the Board begins its anti-sex policy , which was backed by the general public who deemed the films as `` attributing to the upsurge of crimes by minors and loose morality of youth . ''
History of the Knights Templar
Jacques de Molay , who was to be the last of the Order 's Grand Masters , took office around 1292 . One of his first tasks was to tour across Europe , to raise support for the Order and try to organise another Crusade . He met the newly invested Pope Boniface VIII , who agreed to grant the Templars the same privileges at Cyprus as they had held in the Holy Land . Charles II of Naples and Edward I also pledged varying types of support , either continuing to exempt the Templars from taxes , or pledging future support towards building a new army .
America's Cup
On 22 August 1851 , America raced against 15 yachts of the Royal Yacht Squadron in the Club 's annual 53 - nautical - mile ( 98 km ) regatta around the Isle of Wight . America won , finishing 8 minutes ahead of the closest rival . Apocryphally , Queen Victoria , who was watching at the finish line , was reported to have asked who was second , the famous answer being : `` Ah , Your Majesty , there is no second . ''
Hoover Dam
Even before Congress approved the Boulder Canyon Project , the Bureau of Reclamation was considering what kind of dam should be used . Officials eventually decided on a massive concrete arch - gravity dam , the design of which was overseen by the Bureau 's chief design engineer John L. Savage . The monolithic dam would be thick at the bottom and thin near the top , and would present a convex face towards the water above the dam . The curving arch of the dam would transmit the water 's force into the abutments , in this case the rock walls of the canyon . The wedge - shaped dam would be 660 ft ( 200 m ) thick at the bottom , narrowing to 45 ft ( 14 m ) at the top , leaving room for a highway connecting Nevada and Arizona .
Santiago de Compostela Cathedral
The arch of the left door depicts scenes from the Old Testament , with the righteous awaiting the arrival of the Savior . In the center of the first archivolt is God the Creator who blesses the pilgrim and holds the Book of Eternal Truth ; to his right are Adam ( naked ) , Abraham ( with the index raised ) , and Jacob . With them are two figures that could be Noah ( new father of humanity saved through the Flood ) and Esau or Isaac and Judah . To the left of God are Eve , Moses , Aaron , King David and Solomon . In the second archivolt , the top , ten small figures represent the twelve tribes of Israel .
Stranger Things
The Duffer Brothers prepared a script that would essentially be similar to the series ' actual pilot episode , along with a 20 - page pitch book to help shop the series around for a network . They pitched the story to about fifteen cable networks , all of which rejected the script on the basis that they felt a plot centered around children as leading characters would not work , asking them to make it a children 's show or to drop the children and focus on Hopper 's investigation in the paranormal . In early 2015 , Dan Cohen , the VP of 21 Laps Entertainment , brought the script to his colleague Shawn Levy . They subsequently invited the Duffer Brothers to their office and purchased the rights for the series , giving full authorship of it to the brothers . After reading the pilot , the streaming service Netflix purchased the whole season for an undisclosed amount ; the show was subsequently announced for a planned 2016 release by Netflix in early April 2015 . The Duffer Brothers stated that at the time they had pitched to Netflix , the service had already gotten recognized for its original programming , such as House of Cards and Orange Is the New Black , with well - recognized producers behind them , and were ready to start giving upcoming producers like them a chance . The brothers started to write out the series and brought Levy and Cohen in as executive producers to start casting and filming . ``
Planet of the Apes
Following Escape , Conquest is set in a near future where humans have turned apes into slaves ; Caesar rises from bondage to lead an ape rebellion . The film opened June 30 , 1972 . Reviews were mixed . However , the ending left the series open to another sequel , and Conquest was successful enough at the box office that Fox greenlit another film .
Brad Keselowski
Keselowski finished second the next week at Martinsville being beaten by rival Denny Hamlin by 0.3 seconds . He had the faster car in the ending laps but he was unable to win the race because after restarting 4th , he was unable to get by Matt Kenseth or Joey Logano , quick enough as Hamlin , to challenge Hamlin for the win .
SpongeBob SquarePants
Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone , which Hillenburg created in 1989 . He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of Rocko 's Modern Life , and turned to Tom Kenny , who had worked with him on that series , to voice the title character . SpongeBob was originally going to be named SpongeBoy , and the series was to be called SpongeBoy Ahoy ! , but both of these were changed , as the name was already trademarked .
St Paul's Cathedral
The main internal space of the cathedral is that under the central dome which extends the full width of the nave and aisles . The dome is supported on pendentives rising between eight arches spanning the nave , choir , transepts , and aisles . The eight piers that carry them are not evenly spaced . Wren has maintained an appearance of eight equal spans by inserting segmental arches to carry galleries across the ends of the aisles , and has extended the mouldings of the upper arch to appear equal to the wider arches .
Golden Horde
After 1419 , Olug Moxammat became Khan of the Golden Horde . However , his authority was limited to the lower banks of the Volga where Tokhtamysh 's other son Kepek reigned . Together with the Khan claimant Dawlat Berdi , they were beaten by Baraq of the Uzbeks in 1421 . The latter was assassinated in 1427 and Olug Moxammat reenthroned . The Lithuanian monarch Svitrigaila supported Olugh Moxammat 's rival Sayid Ahmad I , who in 1433 gained the Golden Horde throne . Vasili II of Russia also supported Sayid Ahmad in order to weaken Olugh Moxammat who established the Khanate of Kazan and made Moscow a tributary . Sayid supported Švitrigaila during the Lithuanian Civil War ( 1431 -- 1435 ) .
Sara Tancredi
Sara Tancredi was introduced to the series as the daughter of the Illinois governor and the prison doctor who the protagonist frequently visits to obtain his insulin shot . The background story of the character , revealed in the sixteenth episode of the first season , was not actually conceived along with the original conception of the series . Callies commented in an interview that it was the `` very first inkling '' that she had about the character 's past . Also in the same interview , the actress mentioned that during the production of the series pilot , she had suggested to Prison Break creator Paul Scheuring that `` it would be interesting to play her as a recovering alcoholic '' .
List of Sons of Anarchy characters
Romero `` Romeo '' Parada ( Danny Trejo ) is a high - ranking member of the Jose Galindo drug cartel , who has connections to Marcus Alvarez and the Mayans . He is a former Mexican commando that was enlisted by José Galindo to head up the cartel 's strategic enforcement unit . At the end of season 4 its revealed that he and his lieutenant Luis Torres are NCS members working with the CIA to take down rival drug cartels and thus control the Mexican drug trade and stabilize Mexico . Parada and the CIA shut down the RICO case against SAMCRO at the end of season 4 and force Jax to take over leadership of SAMCRO and keep Clay alive to continue the gunrunning operation .
Florence Cathedral
A circular masonry dome can be built without supports , called centering , because each course of bricks is a horizontal arch that resists compression . In Florence , the octagonal inner dome was thick enough for an imaginary circle to be embedded in it at each level , a feature that would hold the dome up eventually , but could not hold the bricks in place while the mortar was still wet . Brunelleschi used a herringbone brick pattern to transfer the weight of the freshly laid bricks to the nearest vertical ribs of the non-circular dome . Baptistery