vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Visa requirements for British citizens
Countries requiring passports to be valid at least 6 months on arrival include Afghanistan , Algeria , Anguilla , Bahrain , Bhutan , Botswana , British Virgin Islands , Brunei , Cambodia , Cameroon , Cayman Islands , Central African Republic , Chad , Comoros , Côte d'Ivoire , Curaçao , Ecuador , Egypt , El Salvador , Equatorial Guinea , Fiji , Gabon , Guinea Bissau , Guyana , Indonesia , Iran , Iraq ( except when arriving at Basra and Erbil or Sulaimaniyah ) , Israel , Jordan , Kenya , Kiribati , Laos , Madagascar , Malaysia , Marshall Islands , Micronesia , Myanmar , Namibia , Nicaragua , Nigeria , Oman , Palau , Papua New Guinea , Philippines , Qatar , Rwanda , Saint Lucia , Samoa , Saudi Arabia , Singapore , Solomon Islands , Somalia , Somaliland , Sri Lanka , Suriname , Taiwan , Tanzania , Thailand , Timor - Leste , Tokelau , Tonga , Tuvalu , Uganda , United Arab Emirates , Vanuatu , Venezuela , Vietnam , Yemen and Zimbabwe .
First voyage of James Cook
In negotiating the Torres Strait past Cape York , Cook also put an end to the speculation that New Holland and New Guinea were part of the same land mass .
Modern history
European powers controlled parts of Oceania , with French New Caledonia from 1853 and French Polynesia from 1889 ; the Germans established colonies in New Guinea in 1884 , and Samoa in 1900 .
List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters
Manuel `` Manny '' Heffley is Greg and Rodrick 's younger brother . He is an annoying , spoiled child who is constantly doted on by his mother . He makes a great number of demands and throws temper tantrums if they are not fulfilled . Among Manny 's most well - known characteristics are his refusal to be toilet - trained and his complete inability to remain in nursery school . He frequently damages Greg 's property , and uses his age as an excuse for doing so . Whenever they go on vacations , Manny ends up ruining it and gets away with it . The excessive coddling he receives from his parents infuriates Greg . He also takes advantage of his overindulgence . It is revealed in The Third Wheel that Manny has imaginary friends , whom he blames for his misbehavior . Despite his very young age and spoilt attitude , Manny shows signs of actually possessing more intelligence than he appears to have . He surprises his family by his ability to speak Spanish in The Long Haul , but plays this to his advantage by persuading some Spanish men to take them to retrieve their pet pig . He is his grandmother 's favorite , although she denies this . In the three movies based on the first four books , Manny is portrayed by Connor and Owen Fielding . In the movie , Diary of a Wimpy Kid : The Long Haul , he is portrayed by Wyatt and Dylan Walters .
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Japanese offensives , 1940 -- 1942 French Indochina Thailand Malaya Borneo Pearl Harbor Hong Kong Philippines Guam Wake Dutch East Indies New Guinea Singapore Burma Australia Indian Ocean Solomons Coral Sea North America
Arctic fox
The main prey in the tundra is lemmings , which is why the white fox is often called the `` lemming fox . '' The white fox 's reproduction rates reflect the lemming population density , which cyclically fluctuates every 3 - 5years . When lemmings are abundant , the white fox can give birth to 18 pups , but they often do not reproduce when food is scarce . The `` coastal fox '' or blue fox lives in an environment where food availability is relatively consistent , and they will have up to 5 pups every year .
War of 1812
Although Britain had defeated the American invasions she was in no mood to have more conflicts with the United States since her attention was to her growing Indian possessions . Indicative of forbearance , or at least improved relations , Britain never seriously challenged the US over land claims after 1846 : she had hoped to keep Texas out of the US and had designs of taking California . From the 1880s , because of the burgeoning industrial power of the US , Britain had designs on getting the US on her side in a hypothetical European war . Border adjustments between the U.S. and British North America were made in the Treaty of 1818 . Eastport , Massachusetts , was returned to the U.S. in 1818 ; it became part of the new State of Maine in 1820 . A border dispute along the Maine -- New Brunswick border was settled by the 1842 Webster -- Ashburton Treaty after the bloodless Aroostook War , and the border in the Oregon Country was settled by splitting the disputed area in half by the 1846 Oregon Treaty . A further dispute about the line of the border through the island in the Strait of Juan de Fuca resulted in another almost bloodless standoff in the Pig War of 1859 . The line of the border was finally settled by an international arbitration commission in 1872 .
History of West Africa
On 7 June 1998 , a second coup d'état began . The coup once again failed . Soon after , rebels received aid from the neighboring nations of Senegal and Guinea - Conakry .
GEICO advertising campaigns
A couple teaching their 6 - year - old son how to dunk a basketball in order to help him get a scholarship , with him getting stuck on the basket . A dog and a cockatoo playing A-Ha 's `` Take on Me '' because their owner ca n't afford to keep downloading music . A sea captain living as a roommate , rehearsing `` Major - General 's Song . '' A woman turning her daughter 's pet fish into her husband 's meal . Robots hired in a daycare center because they `` work for free '' . Three guinea pigs rowing their boat to produce electricity for their owner 's computer . A couple adopting a black rescue panther who can protect their house . A man singing a personal ad to the tune of Bonnie Tyler 's `` Total Eclipse of the Heart '' because dating websites cost too much money . Three middle school girls criticize on what the man is eating , only to watch his weight . A family forming their own theme park . Boy Scouts using paintball guns to decorate a couple 's living room . A man adopting a pet possum for his kids , as a cheaper alternative to a puppy .
Positron emission tomography
While some imaging scans such as CT and MRI isolate organic anatomic changes in the body , PET and SPECT are capable of detecting areas of molecular biology detail ( even prior to anatomic change ) . PET scanning does this using radiolabelled molecular probes that have different rates of uptake depending on the type and function of tissue involved . Changing of regional blood flow in various anatomic structures ( as a measure of the injected positron emitter ) can be visualized and relatively quantified with a PET scan .
Positron emission tomography
PET imaging is best performed using a dedicated PET scanner . It is also possible to acquire PET images using a conventional dual - head gamma camera fitted with a coincidence detector . Although the quality of gamma - camera PET is considerably lower and acquisition is slower , this method allows institutions with low demand for PET to provide on - site imaging , instead of referring patients to another centre or relying on a visit by a mobile scanner .
Positron emission tomography
The logical extension of positron instrumentation was a design using two 2 - dimensional arrays . PC - I was the first instrument using this concept and was designed in 1968 , completed in 1969 and reported in 1972 . The first applications of PC - I in tomographic mode as distinguished from the computed tomographic mode were reported in 1970 . It soon became clear to many of those involved in PET development that a circular or cylindrical array of detectors was the logical next step in PET instrumentation . Although many investigators took this approach , James Robertson and Zang - Hee Cho were the first to propose a ring system that has become the prototype of the current shape of PET .
Positron emission tomography
At the Jülich Institute of Neurosciences and Biophysics , the world 's largest PET - MRI device began operation in April 2009 : a 9.4 - tesla magnetic resonance tomograph ( MRT ) combined with a positron emission tomograph ( PET ) . Presently , only the head and brain can be imaged at these high magnetic field strengths .
Throat irritation
During the summer months , allergies are a common cause of throat irritation . Many individuals have allergies to pet dander , dust , mites , pollen and molds that can trigger an allergic reaction which present with runny nose , red eyes , congested nose and throat irritation . Often a dry cough may also be present .
Recycling
For some polymers , it is possible to convert them back into monomers , for example , PET can be treated with an alcohol and a catalyst to form a dialkyl terephthalate . The terephthalate diester can be used with ethylene glycol to form a new polyester polymer , thus making it possible to use the pure polymer again . Waste
Positron emission tomography
Analytical techniques , much like the reconstruction of computed tomography ( CT ) and single - photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ) data , are commonly used , although the data set collected in PET is much poorer than CT , so reconstruction techniques are more difficult . Coincidence events can be grouped into projection images , called sinograms . The sinograms are sorted by the angle of each view and tilt ( for 3D images ) . The sinogram images are analogous to the projections captured by computed tomography ( CT ) scanners , and can be reconstructed in a similar way . The statistics of data thereby obtained are much worse than those obtained through transmission tomography . A normal PET data set has millions of counts for the whole acquisition , while the CT can reach a few billion counts . This contributes to PET images appearing `` noisier '' than CT . Two major sources of noise in PET are scatter ( a detected pair of photons , at least one of which was deflected from its original path by interaction with matter in the field of view , leading to the pair being assigned to an incorrect LOR ) and random events ( photons originating from two different annihilation events but incorrectly recorded as a coincidence pair because their arrival at their respective detectors occurred within a coincidence timing window ) .
Positron emission tomography
Musculoskeletal imaging : PET has been shown to be a feasible technique for studying skeletal muscles during exercises like walking . One of the main advantages of using PET is that it can also provide muscle activation data about deeper lying muscles such as the vastus intermedialis and the gluteus minimus , as compared to other muscle studying techniques like electromyography , which can be used only on superficial muscles ( i.e. , directly under the skin ) . A clear disadvantage is that PET provides no timing information about muscle activation because it has to be measured after the exercise is completed . This is due to the time it takes for FDG to accumulate in the activated muscles .
Positron emission tomography
As of August 2008 , Cancer Care Ontario reports that the current average incremental cost to perform a PET scan in the province is Can $1,000 -- 1,200 per scan . This includes the cost of the radiopharmaceutical and a stipend for the physician reading the scan .
List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters
In Dog Days , Greg buys an angel fish from a pet store . He also buys a journal to log the actions of his fish but later realizes he can not put much in it . Greg 's fish was later made to share a tank with Rodrick 's fish , who ate it while Greg and his family were at the water park on Father 's Day . Rodrick
I Have a Dream
The `` I Have a Dream '' speech can be dissected by using three rhetorical lenses : voice merging , prophetic voice , and dynamic spectacle . Voice merging is the combining of one 's own voice with religious predecessors . Prophetic voice is using rhetoric to speak for a population . A dynamic spectacle has origins from the Aristotelian definition as `` a weak hybrid form of drama , a theatrical concoction that relied upon external factors ( shock , sensation , and passionate release ) such as televised rituals of conflict and social control . ''
Louis Walsh
When Ronan Keating announced he wanted to take a break from Boyzone , Walsh continued to manage his career . Keating achieved a number one hit with `` Life is a Rollercoaster '' in 2000 while his album sold 4.4 million copies . Keating and Walsh later agreed to part company and then had a bitter falling out . Walsh told the press : `` ( Keating ) was n't the most talented one -- he 's not a great singer and he 's got no personality . '' Keating later told Closer magazine : `` That man absolutely tried to ruin me and if he thinks we can ever hug and make up he can forget it . I have n't heard from him in three years and I would n't have a problem if I never saw him again . He 's not a nice character . ''
Positron emission tomography
For brain imaging , registration of CT , MRI and PET scans may be accomplished without the need for an integrated PET - CT or PET - MRI scanner by using a device known as the N - localizer .
Auf Wiedersehen, Pet
Each episode except the first featured a re-cap of the previous episode 's events in a voiceover from Dennis , a feature not continued in the fourth series .
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2012 July 7
When I did my A level music in the mid 1970s , my music teacher had a collection of humourous records , one of which contained the `` O why ... '' song set to music in various different styles . So you had a Baroque version ( with `` he 's no sanguinary use '' as the 3rd line ) , a jazz version , a plainchant version ... Blowed if I can find a reference to it now . From what I can see it seems to have been common in World War 2 and features in quite a few Army song compilations . I 'll keep looking . -- TammyMoet ( talk ) 08 : 27 , 7 July 2012 ( UTC ) Further to the OP 's original question , the tune is a hymn tune but I ca n't remember which one it is . I 'm asking around . It 's definitely not Advance Australia Fair ! -- TammyMoet ( talk ) 08 : 33 , 7 July 2012 ( UTC )
I Have a Dream
`` Given the context of drama and tension in which it was situated '' , King 's speech can be classified as a dynamic spectacle . A dynamic spectacle is dependent on the situation in which it is used . It can be considered a dynamic spectacle because it happened at the correct time and place : during the Civil Rights Movement and the March on Washington .
Astronomical spectroscopy
By analyzing the width of each spectral line in an emission spectrum , both the elements present in a star and their relative abundances can be determined . Using this information stars can be categorized into stellar populations ; Population I stars are the youngest stars and have the highest metal content ( our Sun is a Pop I star ) , while Population III stars are the oldest stars with a very low metal content .
List of Sabrina the Teenage Witch characters
Gwen : A British witch , played by Tara Strong ( credited with her maiden name Charendoff ) , who only appears in the movies Sabrina Goes to Rome and Sabrina , Down Under , as Sabrina 's friend during her travels . Like Dreama , she has a hard time controlling her magic and her spells never work the way she expects them to ; while Sabrina casts spells with her index finger , Gwen casts spells by clenching her fist . She is shown to have a liking for jellybeans . In the first film , she aided Sabrina in solving the mystery of her family locket , while also facing her own dilemma after she accidentally turned her crush , Alberto , into a pigeon ; in order to reverse the spell , she went around randomly kissing pigeons ( the only way to reverse the spell ) and eventually succeeded . In the second film , she goes on holiday with Sabrina in the Australian Great Barrier Reef , where she helps Sabrina to prevent the destruction of a mermaid colony at the hands of water pollution and a greedy marine biologist . By the time of the second film , she has gained more control over her powers through practice , but has yet to completely perfect them ; upon reuniting with Sabrina , she demonstrates this by transforming Sabrina 's shell necklace into a flower lei , but unintentionally gave her a rabbit 's tail in the process ; in response to this , Gwen explains , `` In my defense , I did n't say I was good ; just said I was better . '' Stonehenge : ( voiced by Richard Steven Horvitz ) A guinea pig familiar taken care of by Gwen . Unlike other animal familiars in the series , it is left ambiguous as to whether or not Stoney was once a human who was punished for misdeeds . Though Salem initially attempts to eat him , he ultimately forms a partnership with him in order to obtain free food . Bob Gordon : Bob was a news anchor who was judging a cat show that Sabrina entered Salem in . However , Sabrina found out that the owner of one of the other cats entered in the competition was using a photo of Bob without his hairpiece to blackmail him into throwing the competition . When Sabrina showed the photo to her aunts , Zelda used a reverse angle spell to reveal the culprit , but the blackmailers face was hidden by a big camera with only the right hand visible .
Input/output
A computer that uses memory - mapped I / O accesses hardware by reading and writing to specific memory locations , using the same assembly language instructions that computer would normally use to access memory . An alternative method is via instruction - based I / O which requires that a CPU have specialised instructions for I / O. Both input and output devices have a data processing rate that can vary greatly . With some devices able to exchange data at very high speeds direct access to memory ( DMA ) without the continuous aid of a CPU is required .
A Tale of Two Cities
It is a far , far better thing that I do , than I have ever done ; it is a far , far better rest that I go to than I have ever known .
Theory of mind
Several neuroimaging studies have looked at the neural basis theory of mind impairment in subjects with Asperger syndrome and high - functioning autism ( HFA ) . The first PET study of theory of mind in autism ( also the first neuroimaging study using a task - induced activation paradigm in autism ) replicated a prior study in normal individuals , which employed a story - comprehension task . This study found displaced and diminished mPFC activation in subjects with autism . However , because the study used only six subjects with autism , and because the spatial resolution of PET imaging is relatively poor , these results should be considered preliminary .
I Have a Dream
Among the most quoted lines of the speech are `` I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin , but by the content of their character . I have a dream today ! ''
Bull Terrier
General George S. Patton owned a Bull Terrier named Willie , and a portrayal of him is featured in the 1970 movie Patton . In Charles Dickens ' Oliver Twist ( 1838 ) , Bill Sikes ' dog `` Bullseye '' is a Bull Terrier . In the TV show Baa Baa Black Sheep Major Gregory Boyington , played Robert Conrad , owns a Bull Terrier named `` Meatball '' which also serves as the squadron mascot for VMF - 214 . The New Yorker cartoonist George Booth drew what he `` thought looked like a mean dog '' , and after a fan asked if it represented `` an English Bull Terrier '' , he researched the breed 's appearance and made his further versions of it a mainstay of his cartoons . The short film Frankenweenie ( 1984 ) and its full - length remake Frankenweenie ( 2012 ) , both directed by Tim Burton , feature a Bull Terrier named `` Sparky '' . From 1987 to 1989 , Budweiser 's beer commercials featured a female Bull Terrier named `` Spuds MacKenzie '' . The book The Incredible Journey by author Sheila Burnford features a Bull Terrier named `` Bodger '' , as well as in the 1963 film . The 1993 Nickelodeon cartoon Rocko 's Modern Life features a bull terrier named `` Spunky '' , who is Rocko 's pet dog . The 1995 film Toy Story features a mean Bull Terrier named `` Scud '' . In Babe : Pig in the City , one of the two savage dogs who chases Babe is a Bull Terrier , but he later becomes friends with him after he saves him from drowning in the canal . Target 's mascot , named `` Bullseye '' , is a Bull Terrier . Chico was Joker 's pet dog in the film Next Friday . Rocky Top 's Sundance Kid won Best in Show at the Westminster Dog Show in 2006 . The first colored Bull Terrier to do so . Ken Greenhill 's 1977 novel Hell Hound recounts the story of a sociopathic Bull Terrier named Baxter , whose desire for a dominant master drives him to murder . The novel was adapted to the cult French horror film Baxter in 1989 .
If I Were a Boy
In the beginning of the video , my husband makes me breakfast and he 's excited about it , and I kind of do n't have time to eat . As a police officer , I have a male partner and the video goes through our days . My husband 's at work and has attractive girls flirting with him but he declines their advances . I have a guy flirting with me , and I flirt back .
Binary star
It is impossible to determine individually the semi-major axis a and the inclination of the orbit plane i . However , the product of the semi-major axis and the sine of the inclination ( i.e. a sin i ) may be determined directly in linear units ( e.g. kilometres ) . If either a or i can be determined by other means , as in the case of eclipsing binaries , a complete solution for the orbit can be found .
I Have a Dream
External audio I Have a Dream , August 28 , 1963 , Educational Radio Network
The House of the Rising Sun
I have made a study of the history of prostitution in New Orleans and have often confronted the perennial question , `` Where is the House of the Rising Sun ? '' without finding a satisfactory answer . Although it is generally assumed that the singer is referring to a brothel , there is actually nothing in the lyrics that indicate that the `` house '' is a brothel . Many knowledgeable persons have conjectured that a better case can be made for either a gambling hall or a prison ; however , to paraphrase Freud : sometimes lyrics are just lyrics .
List of To Kill a Mockingbird characters
John Hale `` Jack '' Finch is Atticus ' and Alexandra 's younger brother . ( He is about 40 , which is 10 years younger than Atticus . ) Jack smells like alcohol and something sweet , and is said that he and Alexandra have similar features . Jack is a childless doctor who can always make Scout and Jem laugh , and they adore him . He and Miss Maudie are close to the same age ; he frequently teases her with marriage proposals , which she always declines . Jack also has a pet cat named Rose Aylmer , who is mentioned during the Christmas visit .
Military history of Italy during World War II
I only need a few thousand dead so that I can sit at the peace conference as a man who has fought .