vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
New Spain
Another activist viceroy carrying out reforms was Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa , marqués de Valleheroso y conde de Jerena , who served from 1771 to 1779 , and died in office . José de Gálvez , now Minister of the Indies following his appointment as Visitor General of New Spain , briefed the newly appointed viceroy about reforms to be implemented . In 1776 , a new northern territorial division was established , Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas known as the Provincias Internas ( Commandancy General of the Internal Provinces of the North , Spanish : Comandancia y Capitanía General de las Provincias Internas ) . Teodoro de Croix ( nephew of the former viceroy ) was appointed the first Commander General of the Provincias Internas , independent of the Viceroy of New Spain , to provide better administration for the northern frontier provinces . They included Nueva Vizcaya , Nuevo Santander , Sonora y Sinaloa , Las Californias , Coahuila y Tejas ( Coahuila and Texas ) , and Nuevo México . Bucareli was opposed to Gálvez 's plan to implement the new administrative organization of intendancies , which he believed would burden areas with sparse population with excessive costs for the new bureaucracy .
History of India
Around the same time , Mahavira ( the 24th Tirthankara in Jainism ) propagated a theology that was to later become Jainism . However , Jain orthodoxy believes the teachings of the Tirthankaras predates all known time and scholars believe Parshvanatha ( c. 872 -- c. 772 BCE ) , accorded status as the 23rd Tirthankara , was a historical figure . Rishabhanatha was the 1st Tirthankara . The Vedas are believed to have documented a few Tirthankaras and an ascetic order similar to the shramana movement .
History of Texas
In the late 1720s , the viceroy of New Spain closed the presidio in East Texas and reduced the size of the garrisons at the remaining presidios , leaving only 144 soldiers in the entire province . With no soldiers to protect them , the East Texas missions relocated to San Antonio . Spanish
Prime Minister of India
I , < name > , do swear in the name of God / solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established , that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India , that I will faithfully and conscientiously discharge my duties as prime minister for the Union and that I will do right to all manner of people in accordance with the Constitution and the law , without fear or favour , affection or ill - will . --
Vaishnavism
The Bhakti movement originated among Vaishnavas of South India during the 7th - century CE , spread northwards from Tamil Nadu through Karnataka and Maharashtra towards the end of 13th - century , and gained wide acceptance by the fifteenth - century throughout India during an era of political uncertainty and Hindu - Islam conflicts .
Karnataka
Adi Shankaracharya ( 788 -- 820 ) chose Sringeri in Karnataka to establish the first of his four mathas ( monastery ) . Madhvacharya ( 1238 -- 1317 ) was the chief proponent of Tattvavada ( Philosophy of Reality ) , popularly known as Dvaita or Dualistic school of Hindu philosophy -- one of the three most influential Vedanta philosophies . Madhvacharya was one of the important philosophers during the Bhakti movement . He was a pioneer in many ways , going against standard conventions and norms . According to tradition , Madhvacharya is believed to be the third incarnation of Vayu ( Mukhyaprana ) , after Hanuman and Bhima . The Haridasa devotional movement is considered as one of the turning points in the cultural history of India . Over a span of nearly six centuries , several saints and mystics helped shape the culture , philosophy and art of South India and Karnataka in particular by exerting considerable spiritual influence over the masses and kingdoms that ruled South India .
New Spain
The Viceroyalty was administered by a viceroy residing in Mexico City and appointed by the Spanish monarch , who had administrative oversight of all of these regions , although most matters were handled by the local governmental bodies , which ruled the various regions of the viceroyalty . First among these were the audiencias , which were primarily superior tribunals , but which also had administrative and legislative functions . Each of these was responsible to the Viceroy of New Spain in administrative matters ( though not in judicial ones ) , but they also answered directly to the Council of the Indies .
Partition of India
The two - nation is the ideology that the primary identity and unifying denominator of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent is their religion , rather than their language or ethnicity , and therefore Indian Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations , regardless of ethnic or other commonalities . The two - nation theory was a founding principle of the Pakistan Movement ( i.e. the ideology of Pakistan as a Muslim nation - state in South Asia ) , and the partition of India in 1947 .
History of Manila
The official name of the city under its Malay aristocracy was Seludong / Selurung , which was the same name given for the general region of southwestern Luzon at that time , suggesting that it was the capital of Ancient Tondo .
Hail Mary
Saint Thomas Aquinas spoke of the name `` amy '' , which served to indicate who was the `` full of grace '' person mentioned , as the only word added at his time to the Biblical text . But at about the same time the name `` Jesus '' was also added , to specify who was meant by the phrase `` the fruit of thy womb '' .
History of India
The Bhakti movement refers to the theistic devotional trend that emerged in medieval Hinduism and later revolutionised in Sikhism . It originated in the seventh - century south India ( now parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala ) , and spread northwards . It swept over east and north India from the 15th century onwards , reaching its zenith between the 15th and 17th century CE .
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
The Council of the Indies was constituted in 1524 and the first Audiencia in 1527 . In 1535 , Charles V the Holy Roman Emperor ( who was as the King of Spain known as Charles I ) , named the Spanish nobleman Don Antonio de Mendoza the first Viceroy of New Spain . Mendoza was entirely loyal to the Spanish crown , unlike the conqueror of Mexico Hernán Cortés , who had demonstrated that he was independent - minded and defied official orders when he threw off the authority of Governor Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar in Cuba . The name `` New Spain '' had been suggested by Cortés and was later confirmed officially by Mendoza .
Solicitor General of India
to give advice to the Government of India upon such legal matters , and to perform such other duties of a legal character , as may from time to time , be referred or assigned to him by the Government of India . to appear , whenever required , in the Supreme Court or in any High Court on behalf of the Government of India in cases ( including suits , writ petitions , appeal and other proceedings ) in which the Government of India is concerned as a party or is otherwise interested ; to represent the Government of India in any reference made by the President to the Supreme Court under Article 143 of the Constitution ; and to discharge such other functions as are conferred on a Law Officer by or under the Constitution or any other Law for the time being in force .
Partition of India
World War I would prove to be a watershed in the imperial relationship between Britain and India . 1.4 million Indian and British soldiers of the British Indian Army would take part in the war and their participation would have a wider cultural fallout : news of Indian soldiers fighting and dying with British soldiers , as well as soldiers from dominions like Canada and Australia , would travel to distant corners of the world both in newsprint and by the new medium of the radio . India 's international profile would thereby rise and would continue to rise during the 1920s . It was to lead , among other things , to India , under its own name , becoming a founding member of the League of Nations in 1920 and participating , under the name , `` Les Indes Anglaises '' ( British India ) , in the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp . Back in India , especially among the leaders of the Indian National Congress , it would lead to calls for greater self - government for Indians .
History of India
Increasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals . Mahavira ( c. 549 -- 477 BCE ) , proponent of Jainism , and Gautama Buddha ( c. 563 -- 483 BCE ) , founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this movement . Shramana gave rise to the concept of the cycle of birth and death , the concept of samsara , and the concept of liberation . Buddha found a Middle Way that ameliorated the extreme asceticism found in the Sramana religions .
Carbon
Historically diamonds were known to be found only in alluvial deposits in southern India . India led the world in diamond production from the time of their discovery in approximately the 9th century BC to the mid-18th century AD , but the commercial potential of these sources had been exhausted by the late 18th century and at that time India was eclipsed by Brazil where the first non-Indian diamonds were found in 1725 .
Olympic symbols
The Olympic Movement is very protective of its symbols ; as many jurisdictions have given the movement exclusive rights to any interlocking arrangement of five rings , and usage of the word `` Olympic '' under trademark statutes . ( The rings themselves are not eligible for copyright , both because of their date of creation and because five circles arranged in a pattern do not reach the threshold of originality required for copyright to be invoked . ) They have taken action against numerous groups alleged to have violated this trademark , including the Gay Games ; the Minneapolis - based band The Hopefuls , formerly The Olympic Hopefuls ; Redneck Olympics or Redneck Games ; Awana Clubs International , a Christian youth ministry who used the term for its competitive games ; and Wizards of the Coast , publisher at the time of the IOC 's complaint of the card game Legend of the Five Rings . But a few companies have been successful in using the Olympic name , such as Olympic Paint , which even has a paintbrush in the form of a torch as its logo , and the former Greek airline Olympic Airlines .
History of the Jews in Egypt
According to Manasseh b . Israel ( 1656 ) , `` The viceroy of Egypt has always at his side a Jew with the title ' zaraf bashi , ' or ' treasurer , ' who gathers the taxes of the land . At present Abraham Alkula holds the position . '' He was succeeded by Raphael Joseph Tshelebi , the rich friend and protector of Shabbatai Zevi . Shabbetai was twice in Cairo , the second time in 1660 . It was there that he married the ill - famed Sarah , who had been brought from Leghorn ( Livorno ) . The Shabbethaian movement naturally created a great stir in Egypt . It was in Cairo that Miguel ( Abraham ) Cardoso , the Shabbethaian prophet and physician , settled ( 1703 ) , becoming physician to the pasha Kara Mohammed . In 1641 Samuel b . David , Karaite , visited Egypt . The account of his journey ( G. i . 1 ) supplies special information in regard to his fellow sectaries . He describes three synagogues of the Rabbinites at Alexandria , and two at Rashid ( G. i . 4 ) . A second Karaite , Moses ben Elijah ha - Levi , has left a similar account of the year 1654 ; but it contains only a few points of special interest to the Karaites ( ib ) .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
name of the director name of the producer , if relevant names of major performers for a TV episode , the title of the episode in quotation marks title of the film or TV series in italics name of the studio year of release medium ( for example : film , videocassette , DVD ) approximate time at which event or point of interest occurs , where appropriate Other
List of Six Feet Under characters
Jimmy , played by Peter Facinelli , was a friend of Claire 's during her time at art school . At first Jimmy wanted a relationship with her , but realized in the end that she did n't . They engaged in a brief sexual relationship where he was responsible for giving Claire her first orgasm using the coital alignment technique which he refers to by its slang name `` grinding the corn '' . He also introduced Claire to her first gallery owner . He was often drinking and getting high . He remained a friend of Anita and Claire , until Claire quit Art School .
Governor General of Canada
The crest of the Royal Arms of Canada is employed as the badge of the governor general , appearing on the viceroy 's flag and on other objects associated with the person or the office . This is the fourth such incarnation of the governor general 's mark since confederation .
History of India
The late medieval period is defined by the disruption to native Indian elites by Muslim Central Asian nomadic clans ; leading to the Rajput resistance to Muslim conquests . The growth of Hindu and Muslim dynasties and empires , built upon new military technology and techniques . The rise of theistic devotional trend of the Bhakti movement and the advent of Sikhism .
Kargil War
G8 nations supported India and condemned the Pakistani violation of the LOC at the Cologne summit . The European Union also opposed Pakistan 's violation of the LOC . China , a long - time ally of Pakistan , insisted on a pullout of forces to the pre-conflict positions along the LOC and settling border issues peacefully . Other organisations like the ASEAN Regional Forum too supported India 's stand on the inviolability of the LOC .
Federalism in India
State emergency is declared by the President on the advice of the Union government and the Parliament alone has the power to make laws for the state during the period . State assembly remains dissolved . A central emergency is declared by the Governor - General and he alone can make laws for the federation during this period . Central legislative assembly remains dissolved . There is no concept of central or Union emergency . Parliament should always be functional . Judicial matters like clemency petitions shall be decided by the Governor - General on the advice of judicial councils Judicial matters shall be decided by the President on the advice of the Union government . Railways and Industries are subject matters in concurrent list Railways and Industries are subject matters in Union List . Freedom of movement throughout the British Empire and right to own property and settle only in respective provinces Freedom of movement throughout India and right to own property and settle anywhere in India except Jammu & Kashmir . Amendment in the Act is not possible unless made by the Parliament of the United Kingdom Amendment of many articles in the constitution can be made by two - thirds of majority in the Parliament . Some articles would need the assent of half of the state legislatures as well .
Governor General of Canada
The incumbent will generally serve for at least five years , though this is only a developed convention , and the governor general still technically acts at Her Majesty 's pleasure ( or the Royal Pleasure ) . The prime minister may therefore recommend to the Queen that the viceroy remain in her service for a longer period of time , sometimes upwards of more than seven years . A governor general may also resign , and two have died in office . In such a circumstance , or if the governor general leaves the country for longer than one month , the Chief Justice of Canada ( or , if that position is vacant or unavailable , the senior puisne justice of the Supreme Court ) serves as Administrator of the Government and exercises all powers of the governor general .
Supreme Court of India
It is believed that before delivering his dissenting opinion , Justice Khanna had mentioned to his sister : `` I have prepared my judgment , which is going to cost me the Chief Justice - ship of India . '' In January 1977 , Justice Khanna was superseded despite being the most senior judge at the time and thereby Government broke the convention of appointing only the senior most judge to the position of Chief Justice of India . Justice Khanna remains a legendary figure among the legal fraternity in India for this decision .
Garhwal Kingdom
Due to this movement , the situation became out of his control and it was difficult for him to rule over the region . Consequently , the 60th king of Panwar Vansh , Manvendra Shah , the last ruling Maharaja of the Garhwal Kingdom ( 1946 -- 1949 ) , accepted the sovereignty of the Union of India . Tehri Riyasat was merged into the Garhwal District of United Provinces ( later renamed to Uttar Pradesh ) and was given the status of a new district , the Tehri garhwal district . Subsequently , on 24 February 1960 , the state government separated one of its tehsils which was given the status of a separate district named Uttarkashi . It is currently part of the Garhwal Division of the Uttarakhand state of India which was carved out of Uttar Pradesh in 2000 . Former royal palace of the Maharaja of Tehri Garhwal at Narendranagar , now houses the Ananda -- In the Himalayas spa , estb. 2000 .
Chennai
The nativity of the name Chennai , being of Telugu origin , is clearly proved by historians . It was derived from the name of a Telugu ruler Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu , father of Damarla Venkatapathy Nayak , a Nayak ruler who served as a general under Venkata III of the Vijayanagar Empire from whom the British acquired the town in 1639 . The first official use of the name Chennai is said to be in a sale deed , dated 8 August 1639 , to Francis Day of the East India Company , even before the Chennakesava Perumal temple was built in 1646 .
Yemen
During that period , Yemen was the sole coffee producer in the world . The country established diplomatic relations with the Safavid dynasty of Persia , Ottomans of Hejaz , Mughal Empire in India , and Ethiopia , as well . Fasilides of Ethiopia sent three diplomatic missions to Yemen , but the relations did not develop into political alliance , as Fasilides had hoped , due to the rise of powerful feudalists in his country . In the first half of the 18th century , the Europeans broke Yemen 's monopoly on coffee by smuggling coffee trees and cultivating them in their own colonies in the East Indies , East Africa , the West Indies , and Latin America . The imamate did not follow a cohesive mechanism for succession , and family quarrels and tribal insubordination led to the political decline of the Qasimi dynasty in the 18th century . In 1728 or 1731 , the chief representative of Lahej declared himself an independent sultan in defiance of the Qasimid dynasty and conquered Aden , thus establishing the Sultanate of Lahej . The rising power of the fervently Islamist Wahhabi movement on the Arabian Peninsula cost the Zaidi state its coastal possessions after 1803 . The imam was able to regain them temporarily in 1818 , but new intervention by the Ottoman viceroy of Egypt in 1833 again wrested the coast from the ruler in Sana'a . After 1835 , the imamate changed hands with great frequency and some imams were assassinated . After 1849 , the Zaidi polity descended into chaos that lasted for decades . Great
Hindu temple
The north India Nagara style of temple designs often deploy fractal - theme , where smaller parts of the temple are themselves images or geometric re-arrangement of the large temple , a concept found in French and Russian architecture such as the matryoshka principle . One difference is the scope and cardinality , where Hindu temple structures deploy this principle in every dimension with garbhgriya as the primary locus , and each pada as well as zones serving as additional centers of loci . This makes a Nagara Hindu temple architecture symbolically a perennial expression of movement and time , of centrifugal growth fused with the idea of unity in everything .
Indian rupee
India was unaffected by the imperial order - in - council of 1825 , which attempted to introduce British sterling coinage to the British colonies . British India , at that time , was controlled by the British East India Company . The silver rupee continued as the currency of India through the British Raj and beyond . In 1835 , British India adopted a mono - metallic silver standard based on the rupee ; this decision was influenced by a letter written by Lord Liverpool in 1805 extolling the virtues of mono - metallism . Chart
Carol Danvers
At the time of the publication of Ms. Marvel # 1 in 1977 , the title was self - consciously socially progressive for its time . This was reflected in the use of the word `` Ms . '' , then associated with the feminist movement , and in Danvers fighting for equal pay for equal work in her civilian identity .
Governor General of Canada
As the personal representative of the monarch , the governor general follows only the sovereign in the Canadian order of precedence , preceding even other members of the Royal Family . Though the federal viceroy is considered primus inter pares amongst his or her provincial counterparts , the governor general also outranks the lieutenant governors in the federal sphere ; at provincial functions , however , the relevant lieutenant governor , as the Queen 's representative in the province , precedes the governor general . The incumbent governor general and his or her spouse are also the only people in Canada , other than serving Canadian ambassadors and high commissioners , entitled to the use of the style His or Her Excellency and the governor general is granted the additional honorific of The Right Honourable for their time in office and for life afterwards . Michaëlle
Supreme Court of India
Another important decision was of the five - judge bench in Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of India ; where the constitutional validity of Central Educational Institutions ( Reservations in Admissions ) Act , 2006 was upheld , subject to the `` creamy layer '' criteria . Importantly , the Court refused to follow the ' strict scrutiny ' standards of review followed by the United States supreme court . At the same time , the Court has applied the strict scrutiny standards in Anuj Garg v. Hotel Association of India ( 2007 ) ( ( 1 ) ) a 2G
Dutch East India Company
In Dutch the name of the company is Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or Verenigde Oost - Indische Compagnie . abbreviated to VOC . The VOC monogram was possibly the first globally recognized corporate logo . The logo of the VOC consisted of a large capital ' V ' with an O on the left and a C on the right leg . It appeared on various corporate items , such as cannon and coins . The first letter of the hometown of the chamber conducting the operation was placed on top ( see figure for example of the Amsterdam Chamber logo ) . The adaptability , elegance , flexibility , simplicity , symbolism , and symmetry were considered notable characteristics of the VOC 's well - designed monogram - logo , those ensured its success at a time when the concept of the corporate identity was virtually unknown . An Australian vintner has used the VOC logo since the late 20th century , having re-registered the company 's name for the purpose . The flag of the company was red , white , and blue ( see Dutch flag ) , with the company logo embroidered on it .