vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
British Empire in World War II
While the war was initially intended to be limited , resources were mobilized quickly , and the first shots were fired almost immediately . Just hours after the Australian declaration of war , a gun at Fort Queenscliff fired across the bows of a ship as it attempted to leave Melbourne without required clearances . On 10 October 1939 , an aircraft of No. 10 Squadron RAAF based in England became the first Commonwealth air force unit to go into action when it undertook a mission to Tunisia . The first Canadian convoy of 15 ships bearing war goods departed Halifax just six days after the nation declared war , with two destroyers HMCS St. Laurent and HMCS Saguenay . A further 26 convoys of 527 ships sailed from Canada in the first four months of the war , and by 1 January 1940 Canada had landed an entire division in Britain . On 13 June 1940 Canadian troops deployed to France in an attempt to secure the southern flank of the British Expeditionary Force in Belgium . As the fall of France grew imminent , Britain looked to Canada to rapidly provide additional troops to strategic locations in North America , the Atlantic and Caribbean . Following the Canadian destroyer already on station from 1939 , Canada provided troops from May 1940 to assist in the defence of the British Caribbean colonies , with several companies serving throughout the war in Bermuda , Jamaica , the Bahamas and British Guiana . Canadian troops were also sent to the defence of the colony of Newfoundland , on Canada 's east coast , the closest point in North America to Germany . Fearing the loss of a land link to the British Isles , Canada was also requested to also occupy Iceland , which it did from June 1940 to the spring of 1941 , following the initial British invasion .
The Sound of Silence
The song hit No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week ending January 1 , 1966 , leading the duo to reunite and hastily record their second album , which Columbia titled Sounds of Silence in an attempt to capitalize on the song 's success . The song was a top - ten hit in multiple countries worldwide , among them Australia , Austria , West Germany , Japan and the Netherlands . Generally considered a classic folk rock song , the song was added to the National Recording Registry in the Library of Congress for being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically important '' in 2012 along with the rest of the Sounds of Silence album .
The Fast and the Furious
Dom infiltrates a base in Russia to use the EMP device to disable their security and then to disable a nuclear submarine , enabling Cipher to hijack it and attempt to use its arsenal to trigger a nuclear war . They are once again intercepted by the team , who attempt to shut down the sub , and then drive out toward the gates that would prevent the sub from leaving into open waters . Meanwhile , Deckard , whose death was apparently faked , teams up with Owen , and under Magdalene 's behest , infiltrates Cipher 's plane to rescue Dom 's son . Once Deckard reports that the child is safe , Dom turns on Cipher and kills Rhodes , avenging Elena 's death , before rejoining his team . Outraged , Cipher fires an infrared homing missile at Dom , but he breaks away from his team and maneuvers around it , causing the missile to hit the submarine instead . The team quickly forms a vehicular blockade around Dom , shielding him from the ensuing explosion . When Deckard reaches the front of the plane and confronts a defeated Cipher , she makes her escape by parachuting out of the plane .
The Fate of the Furious
Dom infiltrates a base in Russia to use the EMP device to disable their security and then to disable a nuclear submarine , enabling Cipher to hijack it and attempt to use its arsenal to trigger a nuclear war . They are once again intercepted by the team , who attempt to shut down the sub , and then drive out toward the gates that would prevent the sub from leaving into open waters . Meanwhile , Deckard , whose death was apparently faked , teams up with Owen , and under Magdalene 's behest , infiltrates Cipher 's plane to rescue Dom 's son . Once Deckard reports that the child is safe , Dom turns on Cipher and kills Rhodes , avenging Elena 's death , before rejoining his team . Outraged , Cipher fires an infrared homing missile at Dom , but he breaks away from his team and maneuvers around it , causing the missile to hit the submarine instead . The team quickly forms a vehicular blockade around Dom , shielding him from the ensuing explosion . When Deckard reaches the front of the plane and confronts a defeated Cipher , she makes her escape by parachuting out of the plane .
Red River War
As many as 20 engagements took place across the Texas Panhandle . The Army , consisting entirely of soldiers and scouts , sought to engage the Indians at any opportunity . The Indians , traveling with women , children , and elderly , mostly attempted to avoid them . When the two did encounter one another , the Indians usually tried to escape before the Army could force them to surrender . However , even a successful escape could be disastrously costly if horses , food , and equipment had to be left behind . By contrast , the Army and its Indian scouts had access to essentially limitless supplies and equipment , they frequently burned anything they captured from retreating Indians , and were capable of continuing operations indefinitely . The war continued throughout the fall of 1874 , but increasing numbers of Indians were forced to give up and head for Fort Sill to enter the reservation system .
Modern history
From the 1880s to 1914 , the European powers expanded their control across the African continent , competing with each other for Africa 's land and resources . Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa . The French gained major ground in West Africa , and the Portuguese held colonies in southern Africa . Germany , Italy , and Spain established a small number of colonies at various points throughout the continent , which included German East Africa ( Tanganyika ) and German Southwest Africa for Germany , Eritrea and Libya for Italy , and the Canary Islands and Rio de Oro in northwestern Africa for Spain . Finally , for King Leopold ( ruled from 1865 to 1909 ) , there was the large `` piece of that great African cake '' known as the Congo , which , unfortunately for the native Congolese , became his personal fiefdom to do with as he pleased in Central Africa . By 1914 , almost the entire continent was under European control . Liberia , which was settled by freed American slaves in the 1820s , and Abyssinia ( Ethiopia ) in eastern Africa were the last remaining independent African states . Meiji
East Pakistan
Due to the strategic importance of East Pakistan , the Pakistani union was a member of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization . The economy of East Pakistan grew at an average of 2.6 % between 1960 and 1965 . The federal government invested more funds and foreign aid in West Pakistan , even though East Pakistan generated a major share of exports . However , President Ayub Khan did implement significant industrialization in East Pakistan . The Kaptai Dam was built in 1965 . The Eastern Refinery was established in Chittagong . Dacca was declared as the second capital of Pakistan and planned as the home of the national parliament . The government recruited American architect Louis Kahn to design the national assembly complex in Dacca .
Key West, Florida
Key West is an island city in Florida and the county seat of Monroe County . The city boundaries include the island of Key West and several nearby islands , as well as the section of Stock Island north of U.S. Route 1 , on the adjacent key just east of the city . Sigsbee Park -- originally known as Dredgers Key -- and Fleming Key , both located to the north , and Sunset Key located to the west are all included in the city boundaries . Both Fleming Key and Sigsbee Park are part of Naval Air Station Key West and are inaccessible to the general public . Key West is the southernmost city in the contiguous United States and the southern terminus of U.S. Route 1 , State Road A1A , the East Coast Greenway and , before 1935 , the Florida East Coast Railway .
Battle of Long Tan
By 18 : 45 , nearly two and a half hours after the battle began , D Company had succeeded in moving into an all - round defensive position . With the Australians concentrated , they threw back a heavy attack from the south - east , and then further thrusts from the east , north - east and south in close succession . Yet with D Company unable to manoeuvre , the initiative lay with the VC , and the massed artillery of 1 ATF was required to keep them at bay , with the main role of the infantry increasingly becoming one of protecting their forward observer . Indeed , Stanley 's efforts remained crucial to the survival of D Company ; and with the platoons now co-located , his job became easier . He was able to observe their positions for himself , rather than relying on the reports of the infantry , and subsequently brought the fire to within 25 to 30 metres ( 82 to 98 ft ) of the forward positions . At least one round landed within the D Company perimeter , wounding one of the defenders . But the close fire devastated the VC ranks . Nonetheless , D Company was heavily outnumbered , and as they awaited another assault their destruction seemed imminent . The fate of the battle now rested on whether they were strong enough to repel those VC penetrating the barrage , until a relief force arrived . A simultaneous assault from multiple directions would divide the artillery and might allow a strong thrust to overrun the Australian position . A fresh force was observed moving to the west , likely an attempt to encircle and cut off D Company . M113
Priesthood in the Catholic Church
Within a century of the Great Schism of 1054 , the Churches of the East and West arrived at different disciplines as to abstaining from sexual contact during marriage . In the East , candidates for the Priesthood could be married with permission to have regular sexual relations with their wives , but were required to abstain before celebrating the Eucharist . An unmarried person , once ordained , could not marry . Additionally , the Christian East required that , before becoming a bishop , a priest separate from his wife ( she was permitted to object ) , with her typically becoming a nun . In the East , more normally , bishops are chosen from those priests who are monks and are thus unmarried .
Great Depression
In Germany , the government tried to reshape private household consumption under the Four - Year Plan of 1936 to achieve German economic self - sufficiency . The Nazi women 's organizations , other propaganda agencies and the authorities all attempted to shape such consumption as economic self - sufficiency was needed to prepare for and to sustain the coming war . The organizations , propaganda agencies and authorities employed slogans that called up traditional values of thrift and healthy living . However , these efforts were only partly successful in changing the behavior of housewives .
Los Angeles Chargers
During the season , the Chargers , the St. Louis Rams , and the Oakland Raiders all intimated they might apply for relocation to Los Angeles at the end of the season . The Chargers announced in December 2014 that they would not be seeking to relocate for the 2015 season , followed by an announcement from the NFL that no team would relocate to L.A. until the 2016 season at the earliest .
Los Angeles Chargers
The day following the conclusion of the 2015 regular season , the Chargers , Rams , and Raiders all filed to relocate to Los Angeles . On January 12 , 2016 , the NFL owners voted 30 -- 2 to allow the Rams to return to Los Angeles and approved the Inglewood stadium project over the Carson project . The Chargers were given a one - year approval to relocate , conditioned on negotiating a lease agreement with the Rams or an agreement to partner with the Rams on the new stadium construction .
Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas
Davis publicly reiterated his commitment to his announced plans to relocate the Raiders franchise to Las Vegas , Nevada with the support of the state of Nevada and casino mogul Sheldon Adelson , and said he did not wish to negotiate further with Oakland while the Las Vegas deal was still actively in progress ; any relocation to Las Vegas needed to be approved by a three - quarters majority of all NFL owners , and NFL commissioner Roger Goodell publicly stated his preference for keeping the Raiders franchise in Oakland if at all possible . However , it was reported that the NFL had issues with the Lott Group 's financier Fortress Investment Group due to past issues the group had .
Local government in the United States
It is common for residents of major U.S. metropolitan areas to live under six or more layers of special districts as well as a town or city , and a county or township . In turn , a typical metro area often consists of several counties , several dozen towns or cities , and a hundred ( or more ) special districts . In one state , California , the fragmentation problem became so bad that in 1963 the California Legislature created Local Agency Formation Commissions in 57 of the state 's 58 counties ; that is , government agencies to supervise the orderly formation and development of other government agencies . One effect of all this complexity is that victims of government negligence occasionally sue the wrong entity and do not realize their error until the statute of limitations has run against them .
Flag of the Philippines
The flag should be displayed in all government buildings , official residences , public plazas , and schools every day throughout the year . All other places as may be designated by the National Historical Commission as such . The days of the 28th of May ( National Flag Day ) and the 12th of June ( Independence Day ) are designated as flag days , during which all offices , agencies and instrumentalities of government , business establishments , institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to display the flag . But in recent years , the flag days are now from May 28 to June 30 yearly to promote patriotism and to celebrate the nation 's independence .
Trail of Tears
The removals , conducted under Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren , followed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 , which provided the President with powers to exchange land with Native tribes and provide infrastructure improvements on the existing lands . The law also gave the president power to pay for transportation costs to the West , should tribes choose to relocate . The law did not , however , allow the President to force tribes to move West without a mutually agreed - upon treaty .
Central Intelligence Agency
Currently , the CIA reports to the Director of National Intelligence . Prior to the establishment of the DNI , the CIA reported to the President , with informational briefings to congressional committees . The National Security Advisor is a permanent member of the National Security Council , responsible for briefing the President with pertinent information collected by all U.S. intelligence agencies , including the National Security Agency , the Drug Enforcement Administration , etc . All 16 Intelligence Community agencies are under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence .
Sanctuary city
The state senate passed a bill that would largely prohibit local law enforcement agencies from using their money , equipment or personnel to aid federal government action against illegal immigrants .
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Free Press Clause protects publication of information and opinions , and applies to a wide variety of media . In Near v. Minnesota ( 1931 ) and New York Times v. United States ( 1971 ) , the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment protected against prior restraint -- pre-publication censorship -- in almost all cases . The Petition Clause protects the right to petition all branches and agencies of government for action . In addition to the right of assembly guaranteed by this clause , the Court has also ruled that the amendment implicitly protects freedom of association .
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
In California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited , 404 U.S. 508 ( 1972 ) , the Supreme Court stated that the right to petition encompass `` the approach of citizens or groups of them to administrative agencies ( which are both creatures of the legislature , and arms of the executive ) and to courts , the third branch of Government . Certainly the right to petition extends to all departments of the Government . The right of access to the courts is indeed but one aspect of the right of petition . '' Today thus this right encompasses petitions to all three branches of the federal government -- the Congress , the executive and the judiciary -- and has been extended to the states through incorporation . According to the Supreme Court , `` redress of grievances '' is to be construed broadly : it includes not solely appeals by the public to the government for the redressing of a grievance in the traditional sense , but also , petitions on behalf of private interests seeking personal gain . The right not only protects demands for `` a redress of grievances '' but also demands for government action . The petition clause includes according to the Supreme Court the opportunity to institute non-frivolous lawsuits and mobilize popular support to change existing laws in a peaceful manner .
Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Florida
The Islamorada village hall was damaged beyond repair , forcing officials to temporarily relocate to the fire station .
United States Bill of Rights
The Free Press Clause protects publication of information and opinions , and applies to a wide variety of media . In Near v. Minnesota ( 1931 ) and New York Times v. United States ( 1971 ) , the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment protected against prior restraint -- pre-publication censorship -- in almost all cases . The Petition Clause protects the right to petition all branches and agencies of government for action . In addition to the right of assembly guaranteed by this clause , the Court has also ruled that the amendment implicitly protects freedom of association .
Metrication in the United Kingdom
Adopting the metric system was discussed in Parliament as early as 1818 and some industries and even some government agencies had metricated , or were in the process of metricating by the mid 1960s . A formal government policy to support metrication was agreed by 1965 . This policy , initiated in response to requests from industry , was to support voluntary metrication , with costs picked up where they fell . In 1969 the government created the Metrication Board as a quango to promote and coordinate metrication . In 1978 , after some carpet retailers reverted to pricing by the square yard rather than the square metre , government policy shifted , and they started issuing orders making metrication mandatory in certain sectors . In 1980 government policy shifted again to prefer voluntary metrication , and the Metrication Board was abolished . By the time the Metrication Board was wound up , all the economic sectors that fell within its remit except road signage and parts of the retail trade sector had metricated .
History of the Knights Templar
But after the Siege of Acre in 1291 , the Templars were forced to relocate their headquarters to the island of Cyprus .
Internet privacy
Used by government agencies are array of technologies designed to track and gather Internet users ' information are the topic of much debate between privacy advocates , civil liberties advocates and those who believe such measures are necessary for law enforcement to keep pace with rapidly changing communications technology .
San Jose, California
San Jose has `` aggressively wooed '' the Oakland Athletics to relocate to San Jose from nearby Oakland , and the Athletics in turn have said that San Jose is their `` best option '' , but the San Francisco Giants have thus far exercised a veto against this proposal . In 2013 , the city of San Jose sued Major League Baseball for not allowing the Athletics to relocate to San Jose . On October 5 , 2015 the United States Supreme Court rejected San Jose 's bid on the Athletics .
Agent Orange
Starting in 2005 , the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) began to work with the Vietnamese government to measure the level of dioxin at the Da Nang Air Base . Also in 2005 , the Joint Advisory Committee on Agent Orange , made up of representatives of Vietnamese and U.S. government agencies , was established . The committee has been meeting yearly to explore areas of scientific cooperation , technical assistance and environmental remediation of dioxin .
Voting rights in the United States
Throughout the 1800s , many native tribes gradually lost claim to the lands they had inhabited for centuries through the federal government 's Indian Removal policy to relocate tribes from the Southeast and Northwest to west of the Mississippi River . European - American settlers continued to encroach on western lands . Only in 1879 , in the Standing Bear trial , were American Indians recognized as persons in the eyes of the United States government . Judge Elmer Scipio Dundy of Nebraska declared that Indians were people within the meaning of the laws , and they had the rights associated with a writ of habeas corpus . However , Judge Dundy left unsettled the question as to whether Native Americans were guaranteed US citizenship .
Funko
In 2016 , Funko announced its intention to relocate its headquarters to downtown Everett , Washington . The Funko headquarters is located in Everett , Washington as of 2018 .
Privacy Act of 1974
To protect the privacy and liberty rights of individuals , federal agencies must state `` the authority ( whether granted by statute , or by Executive order of the President ) which authorizes the solicitation of the information and whether disclosure of such information is mandatory or voluntary '' when requesting information . ( 5 U.S.C. § 552e ) This notice is common on almost all federal government forms which seek to gather information from individuals , many of which seek personal and confidential details .
Wellington
Wellington is a popular conference tourism destination due to its compact nature , cultural attractions , award - winning restaurants and access to government agencies . In the year ending March 2011 , there were 6495 conference events involving nearly 800,000 delegate days ; this injected approximately NZ $100 million into the economy .
Lucille Ball
Sponsor Philip Morris did not want to show day - old kinescopes to the major markets on the East Coast , yet neither did they want to pay for the extra cost that filming , processing , and editing would require , pressuring Ball and Arnaz to relocate to New York City . Ball and Arnaz offered to take a pay cut to finance filming , on the condition that their company , Desilu , would retain the rights to that film once it was aired . CBS relinquished the show rights to Desilu after initial broadcast , not realizing they were giving away a valuable and durable asset . In 1957 , CBS bought the rights back for $1,000,000 ( $8.53 million in today 's terms ) , which provided Ball and Arnaz the down payment for the purchase of the former RKO Pictures studios , which became Desilu Studios .
Internal Revenue Service
In March 2009 , the IRS announced that it would no longer outsource the collection of taxpayers debts to private debt collection agencies . The IRS decided not to renew contracts to private debt collection agencies , and began a hiring program at its call sites and processing centers across the country to bring on more personnel to process collections internally from taxpayers . As of October 2009 , the IRS has ceased using private debt collection agencies .