vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award
Although five of the first six winners were perimeter players , the award has traditionally been given to big men who rebound and block shots . Only seven perimeter players have been honored : Moncrief , Alvin Robertson , Michael Cooper , Michael Jordan , Gary Payton , Ron Artest ( known now as Metta World Peace ) , and Kawhi Leonard . Payton is the only point guard to have won . Jordan , Olajuwon , David Robinson , and Kevin Garnett are the only Defensive Player of the Year winners to have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award ( MVP ) during their careers ; Jordan and Olajuwon won both awards in the same season . In Olajuwon 's case , he is the only one to have also won the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award and the NBA championship in the same season . On four occasions , the Defensive Player of the Year recipient was not voted to the NBA All - Defensive First Team in the same year . Robertson in 1986 , Mutombo ( 1995 ) , Tyson Chandler ( 2012 ) , and Marc Gasol ( 2013 ) were instead named to the second team . Whereas the Defensive Player of the Year is voted on by the media , the All - Defensive teams were voted on by NBA coaches prior to 2014 .
Geography of Chicago
According to the United States Census Bureau , the City of Chicago has a total area of 606.1 km2 ( 234.0 mi2 ) . 588.3 km2 ( 227.1 mi2 ) of it is land and 17.8 square kilometres ( 6.9 sq mi ) of it is water . The total area is 2.94 % water . The city has been built on relatively flat land , the average height of land is 579 feet ( 176 m ) above sea level . The centroid ( geographical center ) of the city is at 41 ° 50 ′ 26 '' N 87 ° 40 ′ 46 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 41.840675 ° N 87.679365 ° W ﻿ / 41.840675 ; - 87.679365 , southeast of 28th and Leavitt Streets in an industrial area near the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal . ( Before annexations in the 1950s , notably for O'Hare International Airport , references placed the geographical center near 37th and Honore Streets . ) Chicago , along with New York City and Los Angeles , California are the three most populous cities of the U.S. , yet Chicago is only half the other two cities ' individual land areas . Chicago 's nickname , `` The Windy City , '' actually acquired from a political op - ed piece , fits the city well as its location on Lake Michigan moderates the climate and often provides a breeze .
Houston Astros
After two fairly successful seasons without a playoff appearance , the Astros were early favorites to win the 2004 NL pennant . They added star pitcher Andy Pettitte to a roster that already included standouts like Lance Berkman and Jeff Kent as well as veterans Bagwell and Biggio . Roger Clemens , who had retired after the 2003 season with the New York Yankees , agreed to join former teammate Pettitte on the Astros for 2004 . The one - year deal included unique conditions , such as the option for Clemens to stay home in Houston on select road trips when he was n't scheduled to pitch . Despite the early predictions for success , the Astros had a mediocre 44 -- 44 record at the All - Star break . A lack of run production and a poor record in close games were major issues . After being booed at the 2004 All - Star Game held in Houston , manager Jimy Williams was fired and replaced by Phil Garner , a star on the division - winning 1986 Astros . The Astros enjoyed a 46 -- 26 record in the second half of the season under Garner and earned the NL wild card spot . The Astros defeated the Braves 3 -- 2 in the Division Series , but would lose the National League Championship Series to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games . Clemens earned a record seventh Cy Young Award in 2004 . Additionally , the mid-season addition of Carlos Beltrán in a trade with the Kansas City Royals helped the Astros tremendously in their playoff run . Despite midseason trade rumors , Beltrán would prove instrumental to the team 's hopes , hitting eight home runs in the postseason . Though he had asserted a desire to remain with the Astros , Beltrán signed a long - term contract with the New York Mets on January 9 , 2005 .
Early skyscrapers
The approach quickly caught on in Chicago . In 1889 the Tacoma Building replaced the bolted metal design with a stronger riveted approach , and Chicago 's Chamber of Commerce Building introduced interior light courts to the structural design of skyscrapers . The 1890 Rand McNally Building became in the first entirely self - supporting , steel - framed skyscraper . Some buildings , such as The Rookery and the Monadnock Building , combined elements of both the newer and older styles , but generally Chicago rapidly adopted steel structures as a flexible and effective way to produce a range of tall buildings . Structural engineers specializing in the steel frame design began to establish practices in Chicago . Park
Primus inter pares
Various ( archi ) episcopal sees were granted and / or claim the title of Primate ( usually of a past and / or present political entity ) , which grants such a primas ( usually a Metropolitan archbishopric , often in a former / present capital ) precedence over all other sees in its circumscription , outranking ( other ) Metropolitan sees , but the incumbent Primates can be trumped by personal ranks , as they rank below Cardinals . More commonly , dioceses are geographically grouped in an ecclesiastical province , where only one holds the rank of Metropolitan Archbishop , which outranks his colleagues , who are therefore called his suffragans , even if these include ( fairly rarely ) another Archbishop .
Cardinal direction
The Hopi language and the Tewa dialect spoken by the Arizona Tewa have proper names for the solstitial directions , which are approximately intercardinal , rather than for the cardinal directions .
Arizona
During the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1920 , several battles were fought in the Mexican towns just across the border from Arizona settlements . Throughout the revolution , numerous Arizonans enlisted in one of the several armies fighting in Mexico . Only two significant engagements took place on U.S. soil between U.S. and Mexican forces : Pancho Villa 's 1916 Columbus Raid in New Mexico , and the Battle of Ambos Nogales in 1918 in Arizona . The Americans won the latter .
Early skyscrapers
Meanwhile , Chicago 's skyscraper industry also boomed during the decade before World War I . The city 's elevated train network was operating by 1910 , allowing more workers to come into the centre . In 1910 alone 1,500,000 square feet ( 140,000 m ) of new offices were opened and by the end of the decade , Chicago had the second largest number of headquarters offices in the U.S. Chicago architectural firms such as Daniel H. Burnham and then Graham , Anderson , Probst & White continued to design skyscrapers in the palazzo style made popular in the previous decade . Chicago had hosted the World 's Columbian Exposition in 1893 , a massive international event which had excited interest in the themes of classical architecture and well - designed city landscapes . Chicago also had extensive discussions in 1909 about the potential for designing large parts of the city , the Burnham Plan of Chicago .
Houston Astros
However , on October 17 , 1960 , the National League granted an expansion franchise to the Houston Sports Association in which their team could begin play in the 1962 season . According to the Major League Baseball Constitution , the Houston Sports Association was required to obtain territorial rights from the Houston Buffaloes in order to play in the Houston area , and again negotiations began to purchase the team . Eventually , the Houston Sports Association succeeded in purchasing the Houston Buffaloes , at this point majority - owned by William Hopkins , on January 17 , 1961 . The Buffs played one last minor league season as the top farm team of the Chicago Cubs in 1961 before being succeeded by the city 's NL club .
Early skyscrapers
Critical discussion of early skyscrapers began from the 1880s onwards in the architectural community and continued across a growing cultural and academic community in the inter-war period . In 1930 , the terms the Chicago `` school '' and `` movement '' began to be used for the first time , popularised by the 1940s academics Sigfried Giedion and Carl Condit as a label for the early Chicago architects . They regarded skyscrapers as the early forerunners of modernism and as marking a clear break with earlier architectural forms in the U.S. This interpretation of Chicago 's skyscrapers was later challenged by Robert Bruegmann and Daniel Bluestone , who argued that it underplayed the links of the movement to pre-existing Chicago culture . During the 1980s and 1990s , analysis of the early skyscrapers increasingly shifted away from the architects and architecture of the individual buildings to considerations of skyscrapers ' roles in the wider urban context . Histories stressing the social , economic , and cultural dimension of skyscrapers began to be produced , with New York 's skyscrapers receiving greater attention than before . The Skyscraper Museum -- the first to address the theme -- was founded in New York in 1997 by historian Carol Willis to preserve the history of the skyscraper .
Bullhead City, Arizona
From 1864 to 1883 , steamboats made regular trips up the Colorado River from Port Isabel , Sonora and , after the arrival of the railroad from Yuma , Arizona , stopping at Hardyville regularly to deliver supplies to the mines of the surrounding mining districts and those to the east in the interior of Arizona and carry out their ore for processing and sale . These stern - wheeler riverboats played an important part in the early development of the areas bordering the Colorado River and Hardyville was considered the low water limit of navigation for the steamboats . Steamboat travel above that point to places in like El Dorado Canyon , Callville and later Rioville was possible only during the few months of the late spring to early summer flood caused by snow melt in the upper Colorado River watershed . Hardyville was the starting point for wagon roads and pack trails to the mines and other settlements in the upper region of the river . It was also the port for flatboats that ascended the river as far as Callville in the extreme low water time of the year .
Arizona
Amtrak Southwest Chief route serves the northern part of the state , stopping at Winslow , Flagstaff , Williams and Kingman . The Texas Eagle and Sunset Limited routes serve South - Central Arizona , stopping at Tucson , Maricopa , Yuma and Benson . Phoenix lost Amtrak service in 1996 with the discontinuation of the Desert Wind , and now an Amtrak bus runs between Phoenix and the station in Maricopa . See
Midwestern United States
Chicago is the economic and financial heartbeat of the Midwest and has the third largest gross metropolitan product in the United States -- approximately $532 billion according to 2010 estimates , after only the urban agglomerations of New York City and Los Angeles , in the first and second place , respectively . Chicago was named the fourth most important business center in the world in the MasterCard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index .
The Walt Disney Company
In 1991 , hotels , home video distribution , and Disney merchandising became 28 percent of total company revenues with international revenues contributed 22 percent of revenues . The company committed its studios in the first quarter of 1991 to produce 25 films in 1992 . However , 1991 saw net income drop by 23 percent and had no growth for the year , but saw the release of Beauty and the Beast , winner of two Academy Awards and top - grossing film in the genre . Disney next moved into publishing with Hyperion Books and adult music with Hollywood Records while Walt Disney Imagineering was laying off 400 employees . Disney also broadened its adult offerings in film when then - Disney Studio Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg acquired Miramax Films in 1993 . That same year Disney created the NHL team the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim , named after the 1992 hit film of the same name . Disney purchased a minority stake in the Anaheim Angels baseball team around the same time .
Carolina Panthers
Jerry Richardson was the founder and original owner of the Carolina Panthers . Richardson and his family owned about 48 % of the team , with the remaining 52 % owned by a group of 14 limited partners . Richardson paid $206 million for the rights to start the team in 1993 ; according to Forbes , the Panthers are worth approximately $1 billion as of 2012 . They ranked the Carolina Panthers as the 16th-most valuable NFL team and the 23rd most valuable sports team in the world .
Pope
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History of the Cleveland Browns
Following Mangini 's firing , the Browns named Pat Shurmur as his replacement . Formerly the offensive coordinator for the St. Louis Rams , Shurmur helped groom quarterback Sam Bradford . Holmgren and Heckert hoped he could do the same with McCoy . Contract negotiations between the NFL Players Association and the league shortened the 2011 off - season , which gave Shurmur little time to coach McCoy or institute his version of the West Coast offense . The team started at 2 -- 1 , then 3 - 3 , but McCoy 's struggles and a lack of offensive production led to a series of defeats , including six straight losses to end the year . The Browns finished the season at 4 -- 12 . During that same season , comedian and frustrated Browns fan Mike Polk made a video to complain about the team 's futility , screaming `` You are a factory of sadness ! '' while facing Cleveland Browns Stadium . `` Factory of Sadness '' has since become a colloquial nickname for the stadium .
Bride of Frankenstein
In October 2017 , it was reported that pre-production had begun when the creative team and studio decided to postpone the release in order to further work on the script with intentions being to improve the story . Deadline reported that Javier Bardem and Angelina Jolie are still attached to the movie as Frankenstein 's monster and the film 's reluctant bride , respectively . The same month Condon stated that should Jolie decide to leave the project , he would be interested in seeing Gal Gadot play the titular character .
History of the Cleveland Browns
McBride developed a passion for football attending games at Notre Dame , where his son went to college . In the early 1940s he tried to buy the NFL 's Cleveland Rams , owned by millionaire supermarket heir Dan Reeves , but was rebuffed . Having been awarded the Cleveland franchise in the AAFC , McBride asked Cleveland Plain Dealer sportswriter John Dietrich for head coaching suggestions . Dietrich recommended Paul Brown , the 36 - year - old Ohio State Buckeyes coach . After consulting with Ward , McBride followed Dietrich 's advice in early 1945 , naming Brown head coach and giving him an ownership stake in the team and full control over player personnel . Brown , who had built an impressive record as coach of a Massillon , Ohio high school team and brought the Buckeyes their first national championship , at the time was serving in the U.S. Navy and coached the football team at Great Lakes Naval Station near Chicago .
Musical theatre
Since the 20th century , the `` book musical '' has been defined as a musical play where songs and dances are fully integrated into a well - made story with serious dramatic goals that is able to evoke genuine emotions other than laughter . The three main components of a book musical are its music , lyrics and book . The book or script of a musical refers to the story , character development , and dramatic structure , including the spoken dialogue and stage directions , but it can also refer to the dialogue and lyrics together , which are sometimes referred to as the libretto ( Italian for `` little book '' ) . The music and lyrics together form the score of a musical and includes songs , incidental music , and musical scenes , which are `` theatrical sequence ( s ) set to music , often combining song with spoken dialogue . '' The interpretation of a musical is the responsibility of its creative team , which includes a director , a musical director , usually a choreographer and sometimes an orchestrator . A musical 's production is also creatively characterized by technical aspects , such as set design , costumes , stage properties ( props ) , lighting and sound . The creative team , designs and interpretations generally change from the original production to succeeding productions . Some production elements , however , may be retained from the original production ; for example , Bob Fosse 's choreography in Chicago .
List of NFL tied games
Packers ' Jan Stenerud missed wide right from 47 yards with 2 : 00 left to seal the draw . 7 000000001983 - 10 - 24 - 0000 October 24 , 1983 New York Giants St. Louis Cardinals 20 -- 20 Only overtime tie to date on Monday Night Football . Cardinals ' Neil O'Donoghue missed three field - goal attempts in the extra period from 45 , 20 and 42 yards , the last two in the final 66 seconds . 8 000000001984 - 11 - 04 - 0000 November 4 , 1984 Philadelphia Eagles Detroit Lions 23 -- 23 9 000000001986 - 10 - 19 - 0000 October 19 , 1986 San Francisco 49ers Atlanta Falcons 10 -- 10 10 000000001986 - 12 - 07 - 0000 December 7 , 1986 St. Louis Cardinals ( 2 ) Philadelphia Eagles ( 2 ) 10 -- 10 2nd tie game in 1986 season . First season to have more than one tie game since overtime was started . Most recent tie game to be broadcast on CBS . 11 000000001987 - 09 - 20 - 0000 September 20 , 1987 Denver Broncos ( 2 ) Green Bay Packers ( 4 ) 17 -- 17 Game played at Milwaukee County Stadium 12 000000001988 - 10 - 02 - 0000 October 2 , 1988 Kansas City Chiefs New York Jets ( 2 ) 17 -- 17 13 000000001989 - 11 - 19 - 0000 November 19 , 1989 Kansas City Chiefs ( 2 ) Cleveland Browns 10 -- 10 Chiefs kicker Nick Lowery , one of the most accurate kickers during the 1989 season , played poorly on the sloppy turf of Cleveland Municipal Stadium . He missed a 45 - yard field goal that would have won it for Kansas City with four seconds left in regulation . In overtime , he had a chance to win the game on a 47 - yard attempt with 3 seconds left , but missed that one as well . 14 000000001997 - 11 - 16 - 0000 November 16 , 1997 Philadelphia Eagles ( 3 ) Baltimore Ravens 10 -- 10 Each team had an unsuccessful field - goal attempt in the overtime ; Ravens ' Matt Stover missed wide right from 53 yards with 2 : 21 remaining , Eagles ' Chris Boniol also wide right from 40 yards on the last play of the game .
Paterson, New Jersey
Tom Acker ( born 1930 ) , pitcher who played for four seasons with the Cincinnati Reds . Jorge Acosta ( born 1964 ) , retired Colombian - born American soccer forward who earned 12 caps with the U.S. national team in 1991 and 1992 . Mike Adams ( born 1981 ) , pro football player for the Indianapolis Colts . Adeva ( born 1960 ) , house music and R&B vocalist . Charlie Adler ( born 1956 ) , animation voice actor and director . Nelson Algren ( 1909 -- 1981 ) , author best known for his novel The Man with the Golden Arm . Henry C. Allen ( 1872 -- 1942 ) , politician who represented New Jersey 's 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1905 to 1907 . Bruce Arians ( born 1952 ) , head coach of the NFL 's Arizona Cardinals . Gerald Ash ( born 1942 ) , electrical engineer at Bell Labs , whose research has focused on routing problems . Robert Atwan ( born 1940 ) , essayist and editor of several anthologies of literature . Sisto Averno ( 1925 -- 2012 ) , American football guard and linebacker who played in the National Football League for the original Baltimore Colts ( 1950 ) , the New York Yanks ( 1951 ) , Dallas Texans ( 1952 ) and the Baltimore Colts ( 1953 -- 1954 ) . Vincent Baggetta ( born 1944 ) , actor best known for his title role in the 1978 -- 79 television series , The Eddie Capra Mysteries . Samm Sinclair Baker ( 1909 -- 1997 ) , author / coauthor of many how - to and self - help books , most notably The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet which he coauthored with Dr. Herman Tarnower . Lawrence Barrett ( 1838 -- 1891 ) , a leading actor of the 19th century . Charles D. Beckwith ( 1838 -- 1921 ) , represented New Jersey 's 5th congressional district from 1889 to 1891 , and was mayor of Paterson from 1885 to 1889 . Alexander Berzin ( born 1944 ) , Buddhist Scholar , translator and teacher focusing on the Tibetan tradition . Jeffrey Bewkes ( born 1952 ) , CEO of Time Warner since January 1 , 2008 , President since December 2005 , and Chairman of the Board since January 1 , 2009 . Chauncey Black ( born 1968 ) , singer with the vocal group Blackstreet .
Lake Michigan
In the 19th century , Lake Michigan played a major role in the development of Chicago and the Midwestern United States west of the lake . For example , 90 % of the grain shipped from Chicago traveled east over Lake Michigan during the antebellum years , and only rarely falling below 50 % after the Civil War and the major expansion of railroad shipping .
Logos and uniforms of the Pittsburgh Steelers
The Steelers are one of a dwindling number of NFL franchises that strictly wears its team color jerseys at home , always opting for black . They are the only ones in the AFC North to practice this . The Cleveland Browns have traditionally had on again / off again periods of wearing white at home , while the Baltimore Ravens and Cincinnati Bengals , like some other NFL teams , wear white in their home opener before wearing their darker jerseys in their remaining home games . The Steelers last wore white at home on a regular basis in 1969 , Chuck Noll 's first season as coach and the last year the team played in Pitt Stadium .
Carolina Panthers
The Panthers ' rivalry with Tampa Bay has been described as the most intense in the NFC South . The rivalry originated in 2002 with the formation of the NFC South , but became particularly heated before the 2003 season with verbal bouts between players on the two teams . It escalated further when the Panthers went to Tampa Bay and beat them in what ESPN.com writer Pat Yasinskas described as `` one of the most physical contests in recent memory '' . The rivalry has resulted in a number of severe injuries for players on both teams , some of which were caused by foul play . One of these plays , an illegal hit on Tampa Bay punt returner Clifton Smith , sparked a brief melee between the teams in 2009 .