vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Ship
Ship breaking or ship demolition is a type of ship disposal involving the breaking up of ships for scrap recycling , with the hulls being discarded in ship graveyards . Most ships have a lifespan of a few decades before there is so much wear that refitting and repair becomes uneconomical . Ship breaking allows materials from the ship , especially steel , to be reused . Ship
Once Upon a Time (season 4)
The season 's first episode , `` A Tale of Two Sisters '' saw the return of Jason Burkart as Little John , who reprised his role in the sixth episode , and Raphael Alejandro as Roland who reprised the role in the third and sixth episodes , and introduced Pascale Hutton as the Queen of Arendelle , Anna and Elsa 's mother , who reappeared in the seventh episode while the second episode , `` White Out '' , introduced Robin Weigert as Bo Peep , and saw the return of Gabrielle Rose as Ruth , Prince Charming 's mother . The fourth episode , `` The Apprentice '' , introduced Timothy Webber as the Sorcerer 's Apprentice who reprised his role in the two - hour episode `` Smash the Mirror '' , and the sixteenth episode , `` Best Laid Plans '' . The fourth episode also saw the return of Brad Dourif as the previous Dark One , Zoso . The fifth episode , `` Breaking Glass '' saw the return of Abby Ross reprised her role as a teenage Emma in `` Breaking Glass '' , `` Shattered Sight '' , and `` Best Laid Plans '' .
Pandora
The Pandora myth is a kind of theodicy , addressing the question of why there is evil in the world . According to this , Pandora opened a jar ( pithos ) , in modern accounts sometimes mistranslated as `` Pandora 's box '' , releasing all the evils of humanity . Hesiod 's interpretation of Pandora 's story , which is widely considered as misogynous , went on to influence both Jewish and Christian theology and so perpetuated her bad reputation into the Renaissance . Later poets , dramatists , painters and sculptors made her their subject and over the course of five centuries contributed new insights into her motives and significance .
Mercury-in-glass thermometer
The mercury - in - glass or mercury thermometer was invented by physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in Amsterdam ( 1714 ) . It consists of a bulb containing mercury attached to a glass tube of narrow diameter ; the volume of mercury in the tube is much less than the volume of the bulb . The volume of mercury changes slightly with temperature ; the small change in volume drives the narrow mercury column a relatively long way up the tube . The space above the mercury may be filled with nitrogen or it may be at less than atmospheric pressure , a partial vacuum .
The Revenant (2015 film)
After the two split up , Fitzgerald ambushes and kills Henry . Glass uses Henry 's corpse on his horse as a decoy and shoots Fitzgerald in the arm . He pursues Fitzgerald to a riverbank where they engage in a brutal fight . Glass is about to kill Fitzgerald , but spots a band of Arikara downstream . He remembers Hikuc 's words and pushes Fitzgerald downstream into the hands of the Arikara . Elk Dog kills and scalps Fitzgerald and the Arikara spare Glass . Heavily wounded , Glass retreats into the mountains where he is visited by the spirit of his wife .
State of matter
Glass is a non-crystalline or amorphous solid material that exhibits a glass transition when heated towards the liquid state . Glasses can be made of quite different classes of materials : inorganic networks ( such as window glass , made of silicate plus additives ) , metallic alloys , ionic melts , aqueous solutions , molecular liquids , and polymers . Thermodynamically , a glass is in a metastable state with respect to its crystalline counterpart . The conversion rate , however , is practically zero .
British Empire
In 1922 , Egypt , which had been declared a British protectorate at the outbreak of the First World War , was granted formal independence , though it continued to be a British client state until 1954 . British troops remained stationed in Egypt until the signing of the Anglo - Egyptian Treaty in 1936 , under which it was agreed that the troops would withdraw but continue to occupy and defend the Suez Canal zone . In return , Egypt was assisted in joining the League of Nations . Iraq , a British mandate since 1920 , also gained membership of the League in its own right after achieving independence from Britain in 1932 . In Palestine , Britain was presented with the problem of mediating between the Arabs and increasing numbers of Jews . The 1917 Balfour Declaration , which had been incorporated into the terms of the mandate , stated that a national home for the Jewish people would be established in Palestine , and Jewish immigration allowed up to a limit that would be determined by the mandatory power . This led to increasing conflict with the Arab population , who openly revolted in 1936 . As the threat of war with Germany increased during the 1930s , Britain judged the support of Arabs as more important than the establishment of a Jewish homeland , and shifted to a pro-Arab stance , limiting Jewish immigration and in turn triggering a Jewish insurgency .
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
In 1937 , following a six - month - long Arab General Strike and armed insurrection which aimed to pursue national independence and secure the country from foreign control , the British established the Peel Commission . The Commission concluded that the Mandate had become unworkable , and recommended Partition into an Arab state linked to Transjordan ; a small Jewish state ; and a mandatory zone . To address problems arising from the presence of national minorities in each area , it suggested a land and population transfer involving the transfer of some 225,000 Arabs living in the envisaged Jewish state and 1,250 Jews living in a future Arab state , a measure deemed compulsory `` in the last resort '' . To address any economic problems , the Plan proposed avoiding interfering with Jewish immigration , since any interference would be liable to produce an `` economic crisis '' , most of Palestine 's wealth coming from the Jewish community . To solve the predicted annual budget deficit of the Arab State and reduction in public services due to loss of tax from the Jewish state , it was proposed that the Jewish state pay an annual subsidy to the Arab state and take on half of the latter 's deficit . The Palestinian Arab leadership rejected partition as unacceptable , given the inequality in the proposed population exchange and the transfer of one - third of Palestine , including most of its best agricultural land , to recent immigrants . The Jewish leaders , Chaim Weizmann and David Ben - Gurion , persuaded the Zionist Congress to lend provisional approval to the Peel recommendations as a basis for further negotiations . In a letter to his son in October 1937 , Ben - Gurion explained that partition would be a first step to `` possession of the land as a whole '' . The same sentiment , that acceptance of partition was a temporary measure beyond which the Palestine would be `` redeemed ... in its entirety , '' was recorded by Ben - Gurion on other occasions , such as at a meeting of the Jewish Agency executive in June 1938 , as well as by Chaim Weizmann .
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner relates the experiences of a sailor who has returned from a long sea voyage . The mariner stops a man who is on the way to a wedding ceremony and begins to narrate a story . The wedding - guest 's reaction turns from bemusement to impatience to fear to fascination as the mariner 's story progresses , as can be seen in the language style : Coleridge uses narrative techniques such as personification and repetition to create a sense of danger , the supernatural , or serenity , depending on the mood in different parts of the poem .
Chinese marriage
Proposal : After an unmarried boy 's parents found a potential daughter - in - law , they located a matchmaker whose job was to assuage the conflict of interests and general embarrassments when discussing the possibility of marriage on the part of two families largely unknown to each other . Marriages were chosen based upon the needs of reproduction and honor , as well as the need of the father and husband . Birthdates : If the selected girl and her parents did not object to the proposal , the matchmaker would match the birthdates ( Chinese : 秊 庚 八字 ; pinyin : niángēng bāzì ; literally : `` the 8 cyclic characters for year , month , day and hour of birth of a man , which determine his fate '' ) in which suan ming ( Chinese fortune telling ) is used to predict the future of that couple - to - be . If the result of suan ming was good , they then would go to the next step , submitting bride price . Bridewealth ( betrothal gifts ) : At this point the bridegroom 's family arranged for the matchmaker to present a bride price ( betrothal gifts ) , including the betrothal letter , to the bride 's family . Wedding gifts : The groom 's family would then send an elaborate array of food , cakes , and religious items to the bride 's family . Arranging the wedding : Before the wedding ceremony , two families would arrange a wedding day according to Chinese tung shing . Selecting an auspicious day to assure a good future for the couple is as important as avoiding what is believed to be an unlucky day . In some cases there may be no auspicious dates and the couple will have to review their potential date range . Wedding ceremony : The final ritual would be the actual wedding ceremony where bride and groom become a married couple , which consists of many elaborate parts ( see below ) : Wedding procession : Before the meeting party 's arrival , the bride would be helped by a respectable old woman to tie up her hair with colorful cotton threads . She would wear a red skirt because the Chinese believed red symbolised happiness . When the party arrived , the bride must cry with her mother to symbolize her reluctance to leave home . She would then be led or carried by her elder brother to the sedan .
Romanesque art
Most of the magnificent stained glass of France , including the famous windows of Chartres , date from the 13th century . Far fewer large windows remain intact from the 12th century . One such is the Crucifixion of Poitiers , a remarkable composition which rises through three stages , the lowest with a quatrefoil depicting the Martyrdom of St Peter , the largest central stage dominated by the crucifixion and the upper stage showing the Ascension of Christ in a mandorla . The figure of the crucified Christ is already showing the Gothic curve . The window is described by George Seddon as being of `` unforgettable beauty '' . Many detached fragments are in museums , and a window at Twycross Church in England is made up of important French panels rescued from the French Revolution . Glass was both expensive and fairly flexible ( in that it could be added to or re-arranged ) and seems to have been often re-used when churches were rebuilt in the Gothic style - the earliest datable English glass , a panel in York Minster from a Tree of Jesse probably of before 1154 , has been recycled in this way .
Rachel Green
In an interview with the Jewish Telegraph , Kauffman confirmed that Rachel is Jewish . On the character 's `` Jewish ties '' , Kauffman told j. that Rachel had always been Jewish `` in our minds '' , explaining , `` You ca n't create a character with the name ' Rachel Green ' and not from the get - go make some character choices '' . Prior to this , critics and fans had long speculated whether or not Rachel is Jewish ; there are entire websites entirely devoted to discussing this . Vulture 's Lindsey Weber , who identifies herself as Jewish , observed several similarities and Jewish stereotypes she shares with the character , citing the facts that Rachel refers to her grandmother Ida Green as `` Bubbe '' , Long Island origin , and engagement to a Jewish doctor as allusions to the character 's Jewish culture . In her book Changed for Good : A Feminist History of the Broadway Musical , author Stacy Wolf identified Rachel as one of several popular female television characters who embodied Jewish stereotypes during the 1990s and often served as `` the butt of the shows ' jokes . '' Meanwhile , JDate 's Rebecca Frankel cited Rachel as one of the earliest and most prominent examples of the Jewish American Princess stereotype on screen . Writing for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Alicia R. Korenman also acknowledged Rachel 's initial Jewish American Princess qualities , describing her as `` spoiled , dependent on her father 's money and her fiance 's , is horrified at the thought of working for a living and generally inept in her attempts to do so , and is eventually revealed to have had a nose job '' , which she eventually overcomes as they become less `` evident in later seasons of the show '' . In his article `` Princesses , Schlemiels , Punishers and Overbearing Mothers '' , Evan Cooper described Rachel as a `` de-semitized '' Jew because , aside from her name , `` there is never any discussion of experiences of growing up in a Jewish culture , no use of Yiddish , and few , if any , references to family members with distinctively Jewish surnames '' . Cooper continued to write that although Rachel possesses some Jewish American Princess traits , she is more similar to the `` little woman '' stereotype .
Switch
The mercury switch consists of a drop of mercury inside a glass bulb with two or more contacts . The two contacts pass through the glass , and are connected by the mercury when the bulb is tilted to make the mercury roll on to them .
Siege of Sarajevo
The declaration of Bosnian sovereignty on 15 October 1991 was followed by a referendum for independence from Yugoslavia on 29 February and 1 March 1992 . This referendum was boycotted by the vast majority of the Serbs . The turnout in the independence referendum was 63.4 % and 99.7 % of voters voted for independence . The city was mostly peaceful except for the Sarajevo wedding shooting at a Serbian wedding . The wedding guests had brandished Serbian flags , which was interpreted by the Muslims present there as a deliberate provocation while the independence referendum had been held . The Bosnian leader Momčilo Krajišnik declared it as a `` great injustice aimed at the Serbian people . Within hours , the city was cut off by SDS and barricades were thrown up by masked men .
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
The predominantly Arab city of Jaffa , previously located within the Jewish state , was constituted as an enclave of the Arab State . The boundary of the Arab state was modified to include Beersheba and a strip of the Negev desert along the Egyptian border , while a section of the Dead Sea shore and other additions were made to the Jewish State . This move increased the Jewish percentage in the Jewish state from 55 % to 61 % .
Jumping the broom
In a 2013 episode of Grey 's Anatomy , Miranda Bailey and Ben Warren jump over a broom at the conclusion of their wedding ceremony .
We Belong Together
The video features Carey readying for her wedding , and follows her to the altar , as well as her escape from the reception . Many of the actors featured in Carey 's `` It 's Like That '' video were in that of `` We Belong Together '' , which was shot as a continuation from the `` It 's Like That '' video . It begins with a scene of a large mansion , apparently owned by the older man who she is to marry . Carey is seen walking barefoot in a room , shedding a black sheer robe and laying down on a bed draped with white linens . Dressed in lingerie , Carey 's face is shown close - up , as scenes of her tossing in the bed are shown . As the song begins , Carey is seen sitting in front of a large mirror , preparing for her wedding by putting on earrings and shoes , and staring at the ring on her finger . Additional scenes of Carey sitting on a small blue sofa , wearing a purple dress , and Carey staring at the camera during a shower moment are interspersed . The wedding is then shown , with Miller approaching the reception through a stairwell in the back . Small children as seen throwing flowers on the white carpet , followed by Roberts and Carey walking down the aisle .
The Twilight Saga (film series)
The 2012 film Breaking Wind ( parodying the title of Breaking Dawn , but parodying the whole film series ) , directed by Craig Moss ( best known for The 41 - Year - Old Virgin Who Knocked Up Sarah Marshall and Felt Superbad About It ) , is also a spoof of the films and a parody version of Breaking Dawn Part -- 1 . The animated movie Hotel Transylvania was released the same year , and has a scene inspired by Twilight .
Breaking the Waves
The film garnered a 76 / 100 on Metacritic and an 84 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , with the latter stating the critical consensus as , `` Breaking the Waves offers a remarkable testament to writer - director Lars von Trier 's insight and filmmaking skill -- and announces Emily Watson as a startling talent . '' During a show where film personalities listed their top movies of the 1990s , Breaking the Waves was named one of the ten best films of the decade by both critic Roger Ebert and director Martin Scorsese .
Kitchen cabinet
Engineered wood panels may either be used as slabs or may be shaped to resemble frame - and - panel construction . In either case , engineered wood panels are generally painted , veneered , or laminated . Solid wood panels are typically formed of multiple boards of the selected wood species , jointed together using glue and may either be painted or finished . Solid wood construction offers the possibility of refinishing in case of damage or wear . Decorative panels . Cabinet doors panels can be used decoratively on cabinet sides , where exposed , for a more finished appearance . Glass door construction options . Doors may have glass windows constructed of muntins and mullions holding glass panels ( as in exterior windows ) . Other designs either mimic the divided - light look of muntins and mullions with overlays , or may dispense with them altogether . Cabinets using glass doors sometimes use glass shelves and interior lighting from the top of a cabinet . A glass shelf allows light to reach throughout a cabinet . For a special display effect , the interior rear of a cabinet may be covered with a mirrors to further distribute light . A
Corrosion
Glass network dissolution is characteristic of the later phases of corrosion and causes a congruent release of ions into the water solution at a time - independent rate in dilute solutions ( g / cm d ) :
Battle of Badr
The Battle of Badr was extremely influential in the rise of two men who would determine the course of history on the Arabian peninsula for the next century . The first was Muhammad , who was transformed overnight from a Meccan outcast into a major leader . Marshall Hodgson adds that Badr forced the other Arabs to `` regard the Muslims as challengers and potential inheritors to the prestige and the political role of the ( Quraish ) . '' Shortly thereafter he expelled the Banu Qaynuqa , one of the Jewish tribes at Medina that had been threatening his political position , and who had assaulted a Muslim woman which led to their expulsion for breaking the peace treaty . At the same time Abd - Allah ibn Ubayy , Muhammad 's chief opponent in Medina , found his own position seriously weakened . Henceforth , he would only be able to mount limited challenges to Muhammad .
Romanesque art
The oldest - known fragments of medieval pictorial stained glass appear to date from the 10th century . The earliest intact figures are five prophet windows at Augsburg , dating from the late 11th century . The figures , though stiff and formalised , demonstrate considerable proficiency in design , both pictorially and in the functional use of the glass , indicating that their maker was well accustomed to the medium . At Le Mans , Canterbury and Chartres Cathedrals , and Saint - Denis , a number of panels of the 12th century have survived . At Canterbury these include a figure of Adam digging , and another of his son Seth from a series of Ancestors of Christ . Adam represents a highly naturalistic and lively portrayal , while in the figure of Seth , the robes have been used to great decorative effect , similar to the best stone carving of the period . Glass craftsmen were slower than architects to change their style , and much glass from at least the first part of the 13th century can be considered as essentially Romanesque . Especially fine are large figures of 1200 from Strasbourg Cathedral ( some now removed to the museum ) and of about 1220 from Saint Kunibert 's Church in Cologne .
Ancient Roman architecture
Every city had at least one forum of varying size . In addition to its standard function as a marketplace , a forum was a gathering place of great social significance , and often the scene of diverse activities , including political discussions and debates , rendezvous , meetings , etc . Much the best known example is the Roman Forum , the earliest of several in Rome .
Priesthood in the Catholic Church
The theology of the Catholic priesthood is rooted in the priesthood of Christ and to some degree shares elements of the ancient Hebraic priesthood as well . A priest is one who presides over a sacrifice and offers that sacrifice and prayers to God on behalf of believers . Jewish priesthood which functioned at the temple in Jerusalem offered animal sacrifices at various times throughout the year for a variety of reasons .
Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
Historically , the club had a significant Jewish following from the Jewish communities in East and Northeast London , with around a third of its supporters estimated to be Jewish in the 1930s . It no longer has a greater Jewish contingent among its fans than other major London clubs ( Jewish supporters are estimated to form at most 5 % of its fanbase ) , it is nevertheless identified as a Jewish club by rival fans . This has led to much antisemitic provocation with chants of `` Yids '' or `` Yiddos '' against Tottenham supporters . In response to the abusive chants , Tottenham supporters , Jewish and non-Jewish alike , began to chant back the insults and adopt the `` Yids '' or `` Yid Army '' identity starting from around the late 1970s or early 1980s . Some fans view adopting `` Yid '' as a badge of pride , helping defuse its power as an insult . The use of `` Yid '' as a self - identification , however , has been controversial ; some argued that the word is offensive and its use by Spurs fans `` legitimis ( es ) references to Jews in football '' , and that such racist abuse should be stamped out in football . Others , such as Prime Minister David Cameron , argued that there is `` a difference between Spurs fans self - describing themselves as Yids and someone calling someone a Yid as an insult '' as its use by the Spurs fans is not motivated by hate and therefore can not be considered hate speech .
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
The report of the majority of the Committee ( CHAPTER VI ) envisaged the division of Palestine into three parts : an Arab State , a Jewish State and the City of Jerusalem , linked by extraterritorial crossroads . The proposed Arab State would include the central and part of western Galilee , with the town of Acre , the hill country of Samaria and Judea , an enclave at Jaffa , and the southern coast stretching from north of Isdud ( now Ashdod ) and encompassing what is now the Gaza Strip , with a section of desert along the Egyptian border . The proposed Jewish State would include the fertile Eastern Galilee , the Coastal Plain , stretching from Haifa to Rehovot and most of the Negev desert , including the southern outpost of Umm Rashrash ( now Eilat ) . The Jerusalem Corpus Separatum included Bethlehem and the surrounding areas .