vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Headquarters of the United Nations
While outside of the complex , the headquarters also includes two large office buildings that serve as offices for the agencies and programmes of the organization . These buildings , known as DC - 1 and DC - 2 , are located at 1 and 2 UN Plaza respectively . DC1 was built in 1976 . There is also an identification office at the corner of 46th Street , inside a former bank branch , where pre-accredited diplomats , reporters , and others receive their grounds passes . UNICEF House ( 3 UN Plaza ) and the UNITAR Building ( 807 UN Plaza ) are also part of headquarters . In addition , the Church Center for the United Nations ( 777 UN Plaza ) is a private building owned by the United Methodist Church as an interfaith space housing the offices of several non-governmental organizations . The Office of Internal Oversight Services ( OIOS ) is located at 380 Madison Avenue .
River Song (Doctor Who)
River appears again in the fifth episode of the seventh series , titled `` The Angels Take Manhattan '' ( 2012 ) , where she encounters the Doctor and her parents ; Rory and Amy , in 1930s New York City . At this later point in her timeline , she is a professor of archaeology and a free woman , having been released from the Stormcage Prison after the Doctor erased all evidence of his existence . When her parents are sent permanently back in time by the Weeping Angels , to be forever parted from the Doctor , she arranges for Amy to leave the Doctor a message in the form of an epilogue in a book they have been reading written by her in the 1930s . Although she agrees to travel with the Doctor for the time being , she declines his offer of being a full - time companion . In `` The Name of the Doctor '' ( 2013 ) , the deceased River 's consciousness is summoned from the Library computer , where she has existed since `` Forest of the Dead '' , into a psychic ' conference call ' by the Doctor 's friend Madame Vastra ( Neve McIntosh ) . There , she and Clara ( Jenna Coleman ) learn that the Doctor 's grave ; `` his greatest secret , '' has been discovered . River maintains the psychic link with Clara after the call ends , and counsels her throughout the discovery of the Doctor 's tomb , although she seems to be invisible to everyone else . When the Doctor and his companions are threatened by the Great Intelligence , she whispers the Doctor 's name in order to open his tomb which is inside the TARDIS . After Clara enters the Doctor 's time stream to save him from the Great Intelligence , who entered it first so he could destroy the Doctor in all his regenerations , the Doctor reveals that he could see River all along , but had been avoiding confronting her continued existence because it was too painful for him to bear . After he kisses her , River feels closure and fades away . However , before disappearing River points out that her continued presence indicates that Clara has not been destroyed by entering his time stream ; and therefore , he can save her .
Naming in the United States
One naming law that some find restrictive is California 's ban on diacritical marks , such as in José , a common Spanish name . The Office of Vital Records in California requires that names contain only the 26 alphabetical characters of the English language . Some states ( for example , Alaska , Hawaii , Kansas , North Carolina , Oregon ) allow accents and some ( not always all ) non-English letters in birth certificates and other documents . There can be problems for persons with such names when moving to a state where such characters are banned and they have to renew their documents .
Natural logarithm
So the logarithm can not be defined for the whole complex plane , and even then it is multi-valued -- any complex logarithm can be changed into an `` equivalent '' logarithm by adding any integer multiple of 2πi at will . The complex logarithm can only be single - valued on the cut plane . For example , ln ( i ) = πi / 2 or 5πi / 2 or - 3πi / 2 , etc. ; and although i = 1 , 4 log ( i ) can be defined as 2πi , or 10 πi or − 6πi , and so on .
Paterson, New Jersey
In addition to local services , Paterson is home to the Passaic County Sheriff 's Office Courts Division in the Passaic County Courthouse and Correctional Division in the Passaic County Jail . The jail , originally constructed in 1957 , can accommodate 1,242 inmate beds .
Magnetic field
where I represents the ' free current ' enclosed by the loop so that the line integral of H does not depend at all on the bound currents .
Antonin Scalia
After four years in Charlottesville , Scalia entered public service in 1971 . President Richard Nixon appointed him general counsel for the Office of Telecommunications Policy , where one of his principal assignments was to formulate federal policy for the growth of cable television . From 1972 to 1974 , he was chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States , a small independent agency that sought to improve the functioning of the federal bureaucracy . In mid-1974 , Nixon nominated him as Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel . After Nixon 's resignation , the nomination was continued by President Gerald Ford , and Scalia was confirmed by the Senate on August 22 , 1974 .
Office of Inspector General (United States)
The OIG develops and distributes resources to assist the health care industry in its efforts to comply with the Nation 's fraud and abuse laws and to educate the public about fraudulent schemes so they can protect themselves and report suspicious activities .
Environmental impact of mining
Water insect and crustacean communities are modified around a mine , resulting in a low trophic completeness and community being dominated by predators . However , biodiversity of macroinvertebrates can remain high , if sensitive species are replaced with tolerant ones . When diversity is on the contrary reduced , there is sometimes no effect of stream contamination on abundance or biomass , suggesting that tolerant species fulfilling the same function take the place of sensible species in polluted sites . pH diminution in addition to elevated metal concentration can also have adverse effects on macroinvertebrates ' behaviour , showing that direct toxicity is not the only issue . Fishes are also affected by pH , temperature variations and chemical concentrations . Terrestrial
Islands in the Stream (song)
Robin Gibb -- vocals Maurice Gibb -- keyboard , programming John Merchant -- sound engineer
California Gold Rush
In the next stage , by 1853 , hydraulic mining was used on ancient gold - bearing gravel beds on hillsides and bluffs in the goldfields . In a modern style of hydraulic mining first developed in California , and later used around the world , a high - pressure hose directed a powerful stream or jet of water at gold - bearing gravel beds . The loosened gravel and gold would then pass over sluices , with the gold settling to the bottom where it was collected . By the mid-1880s , it is estimated that 11 million ounces ( 340 t ) of gold ( worth approximately US $15 billion at December 2010 prices ) had been recovered by `` hydraulicking '' .
Rise of the Ottoman Empire
The process of centralization is closely connected with an influx of Muslim scholars from Central Anatolia , where a more urban and bureaucratic Turkish civilization had developed under the Seljuks of Rum . Particularly influential was the Çandarlı family , which supplied several Grand Viziers to the early Ottomans and influenced their institutional development . Some time after 1376 , Kara Halil , the head of the Çandarlı family , encouraged Murad I to institute a tax of one - fifth on slaves taken in war , known as the pençik . This gave the Ottoman rulers a source of manpower from which they could construct a new personal army , known as the Janissaries ( yeniçeri ) . Such measures frustrated the gazis which the Ottomans relied upon to sustain their military conquests , and created lasting tensions within the state . It was also during the reign of Murad I that the office of military judge ( Kazasker ) was created , indicating an increasing level of social stratification between the emerging military - administrative class ( askeri ) and the rest of society . Murad I also instituted the practice of appointing particular frontier warriors as `` Lords of the Frontier '' ( uc begleri ) . Such power of appointment indicated that the Ottoman rulers were no longer merely primus inter pares but sat at the top of a hierarchy of leadership . As a way of openly declaring this new status , Murad became the first Ottoman ruler to adopt the title of sultan .
Destiny 2
On March 23 , 2017 , a promotional poster for the sequel was leaked by Lega Network , revealing the game 's name as Destiny 2 and a release date of September 8 , 2017 , with the mention of a public beta for the game . The poster showed that just like the original , Destiny 2 would have PlayStation exclusive content . On March 27 , 2017 , although not directly responding to the leaked information , Bungie tweeted an image of Destiny 2 . The image showed The Last City in smoke and flames with `` Destiny '' and a large `` 2 '' over the Traveler . This was followed up with a teaser trailer narrated by character Cayde - 6 . The teaser showed the Tower under attack by the Cabal , one of the enemy races from the original game . PlayStation 's YouTube channel showed a slightly extended teaser , officially confirming that there would be timed exclusive content for PlayStation 4 , and it would last until at least fall 2018 . A full reveal trailer released on March 30 , showing the three class Vanguards , Commander Zavala ( Titan ) , Cayde - 6 ( Hunter ) , and Ikora Rey ( Warlock ) , rallying Guardians in the war - torn Tower . The Cabal are being lead by Ghaul , the commander of the Red Legion . The trailers confirmed that Lance Reddick , Nathan Fillion , and Gina Torres would be reprising their roles as the class Vanguards , respectively . Nolan North also confirmed that he would be reprising Ghost , the Guardian 's AI companion . Bungie had a live stream of Destiny 2 's gameplay on May 18 . On May 19 , 2017 , Destiny 2 project lead Mark Noseworthy told IGN that there were no plans for a Nintendo Switch version of the game . Noseworthy went on to say , `` I think it 's pretty unrealistic given we 're an online - only game , right ? The Switch , because it 's a portable - and I love my Switch , I 've got Breath of the Wild here , I 've got it with me . It 's incredible , I love the console , but in terms of where it 's at , I do n't want to leave anyone with the possibility of like , ' it 's a thing we 'll consider , maybe next year . ' There 's no plans right now for Switch . ''
Kent State shootings
As this student fell behind the car , I saw another student go down , next to the curb , on the far side of the automobile , maybe 25 or 30 yards from where I was lying . It was maybe 25 , 30 , 35 seconds of sporadic firing .
Where Am I Going?
Where Am I Going ? is the third studio album by singer Dusty Springfield , released on Philips Records in the UK in 1967 . By now , firmly established as one of the most popular singers in Britain , with several hits in America as well , Springfield ventured into more varying styles than before and recorded a wide variety of material for this album . Rather than the straightforward pop of A Girl Called Dusty or the mix of pop and soul of Ev'rything's Coming Up Dusty , Springfield recorded a variety of styles from jazz to soul , to pop and even show tunes ( the standout title track , from the musical Sweet Charity ) . While not the success that her previous two albums were , Where Am I Going ? was praised by fans and critics alike for showing a mature and sophisticated sensibility , despite the many different styles of music .
Disk buffer
The speed of the disk 's I / O interface to the computer almost never matches the speed at which the bits are transferred to and from the hard disk platter . The disk buffer is used so that both the I / O interface and the disk read / write head can operate at full speed .
British Army during World War I
Murray made steady progress against the Turkish forces , which were defeated in the battles of Romani , Magdhaba and Rafa . However , he was repulsed at the first and second battle of Gaza in 1917 . The defeat in the Second Battle of Gaza prompted the War Office to change the command of the EEF , and on 28 June 1917 , Murray was replaced by General Sir Edmund Allenby , who reinvigorated the campaign .
Climate of India
The southwest summer monsoon , a four - month period when massive convective thunderstorms dominate India 's weather , is Earth 's most productive wet season . A product of southeast trade winds originating from a high - pressure mass centred over the southern Indian Ocean , the monsoonal torrents supply over 80 % of India 's annual rainfall . Attracted by a low - pressure region centred over South Asia , the mass spawns surface winds that ferry humid air into India from the southwest . These inflows ultimately result from a northward shift of the local jet stream , which itself results from rising summer temperatures over Tibet and the Indian subcontinent . The void left by the jet stream , which switches from a route just south of the Himalayas to one tracking north of Tibet , then attracts warm , humid air .
Impeachment
The President of Iran can be impeached jointly by the members of the Assembly ( Majlis ) and the Supreme Leader . A new presidential election is then triggered . Abolhassan Banisadr , Iran 's first president , was impeached in June 1981 and removed from the office . Mohammad - Ali Rajai was elected as the new president .
United States Secret Service
After their field office experience , agents are usually transferred to a protective assignment where they will stay for three to five years . Following their protective assignment , many agents return to a field office for the rest of their careers , or opt for a headquarters based assignment located in Washington , D.C. During their careers , agents also have the opportunity to work overseas in one of the agency 's international field offices . This typically requires foreign language training to ensure language proficiency when working alongside the agency 's foreign law enforcement counterparts .
Boötes
The Phi Bootids is another weak shower radiating from Boötes . It begins on April 16 , peaks on April 30 and May 1 , and ends on May 12 . Its meteors are slow - moving , with a velocity of 15.1 km / s . They were discovered in 2006 . The shower 's peak hourly rate can be as high as 6 meteors per hour . Though named for a star in Boötes , the Phi Bootid radiant has moved into Hercules . The meteor stream is associated with three different asteroids : 1620 Geographos , 2062 Aten , and 1978 CA .
History of Native Americans in the United States
American Indians today have all the rights guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution , can vote in elections , and run for political office . There has been controversy over how much the federal government has jurisdiction over tribal affairs , sovereignty , and cultural practices .
Islands in the Stream (song)
In October 2017 , the song appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon performed by Miley Cyrus and Jimmy Fallon . Cyrus portrayed her godmother Parton , while Fallon donned a silver beard and wig as Rogers .
History of the Roman Empire
Meanwhile , the Eastern Roman Empire faced its own problems with Germanic tribes . The Thervingi , an East Germanic tribe , fled their former lands following an invasion by the Huns . Their leaders Alavivus and Fritigern led them to seek refuge in the Eastern Roman Empire . Valens allowed them to settle as foederati on the southern bank of the Danube in 376 . However , the newcomers faced problems from allegedly corrupted provincial commanders and a series of hardships . Their dissatisfaction led them to revolt against their Roman hosts .
Western Roman Empire
Magnus Maximus was elected emperor by his men in 384 , in opposition to Gratian , who defeated him in battle in 383 . Maximus was briefly recognized as the Western Emperor by Eastern Emperor Theodosius I , however this recognition was revoked by both when Maximus invaded Italy and deposed Valentinian II in 387 . Valentinian II fled to the Eastern Roman Empire , and convinced Theodosius to invade the Western Roman Empire and restore him to the Western Roman throne , which he did in 388 . Maximus was defeated in battle near Aquileia , and executed .
Apothecaries' system
Many attempts were made to reconstruct the exact mass of the Roman pound . One method for doing this consists in weighing old coins ; another uses the fact that Roman weight units were derived from Roman units of length similarly to the way the kilogramme was originally derived from the metre , i.e. by weighing a known volume of water . Nowadays the Roman pound is often given as 327.45 g , but one should keep in mind that ( apart from the other uncertainties that come with such a reconstruction ) the Roman weight standard is unlikely to have remained constant to such a precision over the centuries , and that the provinces often had somewhat inexact copies of the standard . The weight and subdivision of the pound in the Holy Roman Empire was reformed by Charlemagne , but in the Byzantine Empire it remained essentially the same . Since Byzantine coins circulated up to Scandinavia , the old Roman standard continued to be influential through the Middle Ages .
Western Roman Empire
Furthermore , a Roman - Moor realm survived in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis until the early 8th century . An inscription on a fortification at the ruined city of Altava from the year 508 identifies a man named Masuna as the king of `` Regnum Maurorum et Romanarum '' , the Kingdom of the Moors and Romans . It is possible that Masuna is the same man as the `` Massonas '' who allied himself with the forces of the Eastern Roman Empire against the Vandals in 535 . As the Mauro - Roman realm shrank it eventually became known as the `` Kingdom of Altava '' after its capital city and it fell during the Islamic conquests of the 700s . Alternatively , the kingdom may have been defeated by the Eastern Roman magister militum Gennadius in 578 and incorporated into the Empire once more .
History of the Roman Empire
In 175 , while on campaign in the northern Germany in the Marcomannic Wars , Marcus was forced to contend with a rebellion by Avidius Cassius , a general who had been an officer during the wars against Persia . Cassius proclaimed himself Roman Emperor and took the provinces of Egypt and Syria as his part of the empire . It is said that Cassius had revolted as he had heard word that Marcus was dead . After three months Cassius was assassinated and Marcus restored the eastern part of the empire .
History of the Latin script
The Latin alphabet spread from Italy , along with the Latin language , to the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea with the expansion of the Roman Empire . The eastern half of the Roman Empire , including Greece , Asia Minor , the Levant , and Egypt , continued to use Greek as a lingua franca , but Latin was widely spoken in the western half of the Empire , and as the western Romance languages , including French , Italian , Portuguese , Spanish and Catalan , evolved out of Latin they continued to use and adapt the Latin alphabet .
Senate of the Roman Republic
Ancient Rome This article is part of a series on the politics and government of ancient Rome Periods Roman Kingdom 753 -- 509 BC Roman Republic 509 -- 27 BC Roman Empire 27 BC -- AD 395 Principate Dominate Western AD 395 -- 476 Eastern AD 395 -- 1453 Empire of Trebizond AD 1204 -- 1461 Timeline Roman Constitution Constitution of the Kingdom Constitution of the Republic Constitution of the Empire Constitution of the Late Empire Senate Legislative assemblies Executive magistrates Ordinary magistrates Consul Praetor Quaestor Promagistrate Aedile Tribune Censor Governor Extraordinary magistrates Dictator Magister equitum Consular tribune Rex Triumviri Decemviri Titles and honours Emperor Legatus Dux Officium Praefectus Vicarius Vigintisexviri Lictor Magister militum Imperator Princeps senatus Pontifex maximus Augustus Caesar Tetrarch Precedent and law Roman law Ius Imperium Mos maiorum Collegiality Auctoritas Roman citizenship Cursus honorum Senatus consultum Senatus consultum ultimum Assemblies Centuriate Curiate Plebeian Tribal Other countries Atlas
History of the Constitution of the Roman Republic
Ancient Rome This article is part of a series on the politics and government of ancient Rome Periods Roman Kingdom 753 -- 509 BC Roman Republic 509 -- 27 BC Roman Empire 27 BC -- AD 395 Western AD 395 -- 476 Eastern AD 395 -- 1453 Principate Dominate Timeline Roman Constitution Constitution of the Kingdom Constitution of the Republic Constitution of the Empire Constitution of the Late Empire Senate Legislative assemblies Executive magistrates Ordinary magistrates Consul Praetor Quaestor Promagistrate Aedile Tribune Censor Governor Extraordinary magistrates Dictator Magister equitum Consular tribune Rex Triumviri Decemviri Titles and honours Emperor Legatus Dux Officium Praefectus Vicarius Vigintisexviri Lictor Magister militum Imperator Princeps senatus Pontifex maximus Augustus Caesar Tetrarch Precedent and law Roman law Ius Imperium Mos maiorum Collegiality Auctoritas Roman citizenship Cursus honorum Senatus consultum Senatus consultum ultimum Assemblies Centuriate Curiate Plebeian Tribal Other countries Atlas
History of the Roman Empire
The last 2 of the `` Five Good Emperors '' and Commodus are also called Antonines .
Third Rome
The most successful effort of any Holy Roman Emperor to ever fully revive the West Roman Empire was arguably made by Emperor Charles V Quint of Hapsburg , who at the height of his power rule all of Spain , half of Italy , the Netherlands , Alsace and Loarraine , Austria and Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire . He had the ambition to unite all the Lands of Christendom , but had to abdicate due to religious tension within the Empire , debt in Spain and humiliating loss of Imperial territory to France . The Holy Roman Empire survived as a super-national institution until 1806 , when it was conquered by Napoleon , and saw itself as the legitimate heir of Rome and uniter of the Lands of Christendom during most if not all of its existence . After this , Napoleon laid his own claim to having resurrected the Roman Empire , as he had united not only the regions of Charlemagne 's Empire , but also Italy and Spain , giving him control of close to all of the West Roman Empire . He was crowned Emperor by the Pope in Rome in 1807 in a ceremony entirely modeled on the coronation of Charlemagne . He adopted the Roman eagle as his standard and proclaimed the following :
Western Roman Empire
As the Empire expanded , two key frontiers revealed themselves . In the West , particularly behind the rivers Rhine and Danube , Germanic tribes formed an important enemy . Augustus , the first emperor of the Roman Empire , had tried to conquer them but had pulled back after the disastrous Battle of the Teutoburg Forest . Whilst the Germanic tribes presented formidable foes , the Parthian Empire in the East presented the most long - standing imperial enemy by far . The Parthians were too remote and powerful to be conquered and any Parthian invasion of Rome was confronted and defeated . Parthians repelled some attempts of Roman invasion and even after successful wars of conquest , such as those implemented by Trajan and Septimius Severus , conquered distant territories were forsaken to prevent unrest and also to ensure a more healthy and lasting peace with the Parthians . The Parthian Empire would be succeeded by the Sasanian Empire , which continued hostilities with the Roman Empire .