vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
History of the United States Constitution
Legislatures of seven states -- Virginia , New Jersey , Pennsylvania , North Carolina , New Hampshire , Delaware , and Georgia -- immediately approved and appointed their delegations . New York and others hesitated thinking that only the Continental Congress could propose amendments to the Articles . George Washington was unwilling to attend an irregular convention like failed Annapolis Convention . Congress then called the convention at Philadelphia . The `` Federal Constitution '' was to be changed to meet the requirements of good government and `` the preservation of the Union '' . Congress would then approve what measures it allowed , then the state legislatures would unanimously confirm whatever changes of those were to take effect .
How Do You Like Me Now?! (song)
Region Certification Certified units / Sales United States ( RIAA ) Gold 500,000 sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone
How Do You Like Me Now?! (song)
Chart ( 1999 -- 2000 ) Peak position Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) US Billboard Hot 100 31 US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard )
1983–84 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team
1983 -- 84 ACC men 's basketball standings Conf Overall Team PCT PCT # 1 North Carolina 14 -- 0 1.000 28 -- . 903 # 11 Maryland † 9 -- 5 . 643 24 -- 8 . 750 # 19 Wake Forest 7 -- 7 . 500 23 -- 9 . 719 # 14 Duke 7 -- 7 . 500 24 -- 10 . 706 Georgia Tech 6 -- 8 . 429 18 -- 11 . 621 Virginia 6 -- 8 . 429 21 -- 12 . 636 NC State -- 10 . 286 19 -- 14 . 576 Clemson -- 11 . 214 14 -- 14 . 500 † 1984 ACC Tournament winner Rankings from AP Poll
Population pyramid
The youth bulge in the Middle East and North Africa has been favorably compared to that of East Asia , which harnessed this human capital and saw huge economic growth in recent decades . The youth bulge has been referred to by the Middle East Youth Initiative as a demographic gift , which , if engaged , could fuel regional economic growth and development . `` While the growth of the youth population imposes supply pressures on education systems and labor markets , it also means that a growing share of the overall population is made up of those considered to be of working age ; and thus not dependent on the economic activity of others . In turn , this declining dependency ratio can have a positive impact on overall economic growth , creating a demographic dividend . The ability of a particular economy to harness this dividend , however , is dependent on its ability to ensure the deployment of this growing working - age population towards productive economic activity , and to create the jobs necessary for the growing labor force . ''
Trent Affair
The wider U.S. economy was soon hit by the effects of the Trent crisis . On December 16 , the actions of the British cabinet reached New York : the stock exchange fell across the board , with government securities dropping by 2.5 per cent and the sterling exchange rising by two points , and an overall suspension seemed imminent . On December 20 , Salmon P. Chase 's broker refused to sell some of the secretary 's holdings of railway stock because they were almost worthless , and informed him that the business community `` trust you will have allayed this excitement with England : one war at a time is enough '' . A run on New York banks followed the stock market troubles , with $17,000,000 being withdrawn in three weeks , and on December 30 the banks voted by 25 - 15 to suspend specie payments . Banks across the country soon followed them , with only those of Ohio , Indiana and Kentucky continuing to redeem in coin . This suspension left the Treasury unable to pay its suppliers , contractors or soldiers . Though the crisis was resolved soon afterwards , these difficulties were not : on January 10 , Lincoln asked Quartermaster General Meigs `` General , what shall I do ? The people are impatient ; Chase has no money , and he tells me he can raise no more ; the General of the Armies has typhoid fever . The bottom is out of the tub . What shall I do ? '' The Treasury was eventually forced to issue fiat money in the form of `` greenbacks '' to meet its obligations .
Articles of Confederation
On July 9 , 1778 , the prepared copy was ready . They dated it , and began to sign . They also requested each of the remaining states to notify its delegation when ratification was completed . On that date , delegates present from New Hampshire , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , Connecticut , New York , Pennsylvania , Virginia and South Carolina signed the Articles to indicate that their states had ratified . New Jersey , Delaware and Maryland could not , since their states had not ratified . North Carolina and Georgia also were unable to sign that day , since their delegations were absent .
1983–84 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team
March 10 , 1984 : # 16 Duke 77 , # 1 North Carolina 75
America's Got Talent (season 12)
Eliminated Evie Clair 7 Singer ; performs `` Yours '' by Ella Henderson Dunkin ' Save Sara & Hero 8 Dog act : Hero pretended to perform CPR on Sara before she `` revives '' and they play volleyball together . Guest performer Loki , Sara 's younger dog , circles backwards around a standing Hero , who then gets on a skateboard and catches frisbees . Sara and Loki get on a surfboard , and then Hero jumps through a hoop before Sara jumps through the hoop with Hero . The act ends with Loki in Sara 's arms . Advanced Chase Goehring 9 Singer - songwriter / Guitarist ; performed an original song called `` What Is Love '' . Won Judges ' Choice Darci Lynne Farmer 10 Singing ventriloquist 's puppet , Edna Doorknocker , complains about being stuck in the elevator with The Singing Trump , while gushing about Simon . She then sings `` ( You Make Me Feel Like ) A Natural Woman '' by Aretha Franklin to him , eventually cuddling a blushing Simon . Advanced Mike Yung 11 Singer ; performed `` Do n't Give Up on Me '' by Solomon Burke Eliminated
1983–84 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team
March 3 , 1984 : # 1 North Carolina 96 , Duke 83 ( 2OT )
The Left Hand of Darkness
I wondered seriously about their judgment . Left Hand looked to me like a natural flop . Its style is not the journalistic one that was then standard in science fiction , its structure is complex , it moves slowly , and even if everybody in it is called he , it is not about men . That 's a big dose of `` hard lit , '' heresy , and chutzpah , for a genre novel by a nobody in 1968 .
Pennsylvania Dutch
The Pennsylvania Dutch composed nearly half the population of Pennsylvania and generally supported the Patriot cause in the American Revolution . Henry Miller , an immigrant from Germany of Swiss ancestry , published an early German translation of the Declaration of Independence ( 1776 ) in his newspaper Philadelphische Staatsbote . Miller often wrote about Swiss history and myth , such as the William Tell legend , to provide a context for patriot support in the conflict with Britain .
Daughters of the American Revolution
In June 2012 , Wilhelmena Rhodes Kelly and Dr. Olivia Cousins became charter members of a chapter with numerous African - American members , in Queens , New York ; five of the 13 charter members are African American . Kelly , who organized the diverse chapter , was installed as the Charter Regent and Dr. Cousins as a chapter officer . Two of Dr. Cousins ' sisters , Collette Cousins , who lives in Durham , North Carolina , and Michelle Wherry , who lives in Lewis Center , Ohio , pledged to travel to Queens for the monthly chapter meetings .
Iran hostage crisis
As Khomeini 's followers had hoped , Khomeini supported the takeover . According to Foreign Minister Yazdi , when he went to Qom to tell Khomeini about it , Khomeini told him to `` go and kick them out . '' But later that evening , back in Tehran , Yazdi heard on the radio that Khomeini had issued a statement supporting the seizure , calling it `` the second revolution '' and the embassy an `` American spy den in Tehran '' . Play
Daughters of the American Revolution
Kate Duncan Smith DAR School , Grant , Alabama Tamassee DAR School , Tamassee , South Carolina Crossnore School , Crossnore , North Carolina Hillside School , Marlborough , Massachusetts Hindman Settlement School , Hindman , Kentucky Berry College , Mount Berry , Georgia
Apple Music
Apple Music received mixed reviews at launch . Among the criticism , reviewers wrote that the user interface was `` not intuitive '' , and an `` embarrassing and confusing mess '' . They also wrote about battery life problems . However , the service was praised for its smart functions . Christina Warren of Mashable noted the emphasis on human curation in Apple Music , pointing out the various human - curated radio stations and the accuracy of the curated playlists recommended to users in the `` For Me '' section . The author concluded saying `` ( The ) For Me section alone has made me excited about music for the first time in a long time . '' Sam Machkovech of Ars Technica wrote that Apple 's emphasis on unsigned artist participation in the Connect feature could be an effort to restore the company 's former reputation as a `` tastemaker '' in the mid-2000s .
Founding Fathers of the United States
The Founding Fathers of the United States led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain . Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America .
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party arose from two issues confronting the British Empire in 1765 : the financial problems of the British East India Company ; and an ongoing dispute about the extent of Parliament 's authority , if any , over the British American colonies without seating any elected representation . The North Ministry 's attempt to resolve these issues produced a showdown that would eventually result in revolution .
Causes of the French Revolution
A growing number of the French citizenry had absorbed the ideas of `` equality '' and `` freedom of the individual '' as presented by Voltaire , Jean - Jacques Rousseau , Denis Diderot and other philosophers and social theorists of the Age of Enlightenment . The American Revolution demonstrated that it was plausible for Enlightenment ideas about how a government should be organized to actually be put into practice . Some American diplomats , like Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson , had lived in Paris , where they consorted freely with members of the French intellectual class . Furthermore , contact between American revolutionaries and the French troops who served in North America helped spread revolutionary ideas to the French people .
Great Migration (African American)
In Mississippi , blacks decreased from about 56 % of the population in 1910 to about 37 % by 1970 , remaining the majority only in some Delta counties . In Georgia , blacks decreased from about 45 % of the population in 1910 to about 26 % by 1970 . In South Carolina , blacks decreased from about 55 % of the population in 1910 to about 30 % by 1970 .
History of United States prison systems
Ultimately , the penitentiary 's supporters prevailed in the South , as in the North . Southern legislators enacted prison legislation in state after Southern state before the Civil War , often over public opposition . Their motives in doing so appear mixed . According to Edward L. Ayers , some Southern legislators appear to have believed they knew what was best for their people in any case . Since many Southern legislators came from the elite classes , Ayers also observes , they may also have had a personal `` class control '' motive for enacting penitentiary legislation , even while they could point to their participation in penitentiary efforts as evidence of their own benevolence . Historian Michael S. Hindus concludes that Southern hesitation about the penitentiary , at least in South Carolina , stemmed from the slave system , which made the creation of a white criminal underclass undesirable . Prison
Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies
Part of a series on American cuisine Regional cuisines ( show ) Northeastern New England New Jersey New York City Philadelphia Midwestern Chicago North Dakota Omaha St. Louis Mid-Atlantic Baltimore Pittsburgh Southern ( list ) Cajun Floribbean Kentucky Louisiana Creole Lowcountry New Orleans Soul food ( list ) Texas Tex - Mex Western California California fusion Pacific Northwest Rocky Mountain Southwestern New Mexican Other Hawaiian Military rations Puerto Rican Roadkill Tailgate party History ( show ) Thirteen Colonies Antebellum America Chuckwagon Culinary Revolution Ingredients and foods ( show ) List of American foods Blueberry Corn Okra Pecan Potato Pumpkin Sunflower seed Styles ( show ) Barbecue in the United States Kansas City Memphis North Carolina Oklahoma Santa Maria St. Louis Texas Fast food Fusion New American Pizza in the United States Ethnic and cultural ( show ) American Chinese Greek - American Italian - American Asian Indian - American Jewish Native American Pennsylvania Dutch Tlingit Scandinavian Holidays and festivals ( show ) Christmas Thanksgiving United States portal Food portal North
American Revolution
The Revolution was effected before the war commenced . The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people ... This radical change in the principles , opinions , sentiments , and affections of the people was the real American Revolution .
Thirteen Colonies
The Atlantic history view places North American events in a broader context , including the French Revolution and Haitian Revolution . It tends to integrate the historiographies of the American Revolution and the British Empire . The new social history approach looks at community social structure to find issues that became magnified into colonial cleavages . The ideological approach centers on republicanism in the Thirteen Colonies . The ideas of republicanism dictated that the United States would have no royalty or aristocracy or national church . They did permit continuation of the British common law , which American lawyers and jurists understood , approved of , and used in their everyday practice . Historians have examined how the rising American legal profession adapted the British common law to incorporate republicanism by selective revision of legal customs and by introducing more choice for courts .
North Korea–South Korea relations
In 2018 , beginning with North Korea 's participation in the Winter Olympics in South Korea , the relationship has seen a major diplomatic breakthrough . The same year , the two countries signed the Panmunjeom Declaration for Peace , Prosperity and Unification of the Korean Peninsula .
Burning of Washington
... in consequence of the late disgraceful conduct of the American troops in the wanton destruction of private property on the north shores of Lake Erie , in order that if the war with the United States continues you may , should you judge it advisable , assist in inflicting that measure of retaliation which shall deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages .
French Revolution
The economy in the Ancien Régime during the years preceding the Revolution suffered from instability . The sequence of events leading to the Revolution included the national government 's fiscal troubles caused by an inefficient tax system and expenditure on numerous large wars . The attempt to challenge British naval and commercial power in the Seven Years ' War was a costly disaster , with the loss of France 's colonial possessions in continental North America and the destruction of the French Navy . French forces were rebuilt , and feeling bitter about having lost many of France 's overseas colonies to the British Empire during the Seven Years ' War , Louis XVI was eager to give the American rebels financial and military support . After the British surrender at the Battle of Saratoga , the French sent 10,000 troops and millions of dollars to the rebels . Despite succeeding in gaining independence for the Thirteen Colonies , France was severely indebted by the American Revolutionary War . France 's inefficient and antiquated financial system could not finance this debt . Faced with a financial crisis , the king called an Estates General , recommended by the Assembly of Notables in 1787 for the first time in over a century .
You Raise Me Up
In 2004 , the song was played more than 500,000 times on American radio . In late 2005 , there were over 80 versions available in US alone , and it has been nominated for Gospel Music Awards four times , including `` Song of the Year . ''
Color television
The eye has limited bandwidth to the rest of the visual system , estimated at just under 8 Mbit / s . This manifests itself in a number of ways , but the most important in terms of producing moving images is the way that a series of still images displayed in quick succession will appear to be continuous smooth motion . This illusion starts to work at about 16 frame / s , and common motion pictures use 24 frame / s . Television , using power from the electrical grid , tunes its rate in order to avoid interference with the alternating current being supplied -- in North America , some Central and South American countries , Taiwan , Korea , part of Japan , the Philippines , and a few other countries , this is 60 video fields per second to match the 60 Hz power , while in most other countries it is 50 fields per second to match the 50 Hz power .
History of Mexico
`` Popular participation in the revolution and its aftermath took three forms . First , everyday people , though often in conjunction with elite neighbors , generated local issues such as access to land , taxes , and village autonomy . Second , the popular classes provided soldiers to fight in the revolution . Third , local issues advocated by campesinos and workers framed national discourses on land reform , the role of religion , and many other questions . ''
Souris River
The channel capacity of the river in Manitoba varies from about 150 cubic feet per second ( 4.2 m / s ) near the border , to about 1,400 cubic feet per second ( 40 m / s ) through Melita , to about 1,100 cubic feet per second ( 31 m / s ) near Lauder and 1,700 cubic feet per second ( 48 m / s ) near Hartney . North of Hartney the capacity increases to more than 3,000 cubic feet per second ( 85 m / s ) . The drop between the border and Hartney is only about 6 inches per mile ( 9.5 cm / km ) .
History of rail transport in the United States
Railroads played a large role in the development of the United States from the industrial revolution in the North - east ( 1810 -- 1850 ) to the settlement of the West ( 1850 -- 1890 ) . The American railroad mania began with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1828 and flourished until the Panic of 1873 bankrupted many companies and temporarily ended growth .
Puerto Rican cuisine
Part of a series on American cuisine Regional cuisines ( show ) Northeastern New England New Jersey New York City Philadelphia Midwestern Chicago North Dakota Omaha St. Louis Mid-Atlantic Baltimore Pittsburgh Southern ( list ) Cajun Floribbean Kentucky Louisiana Creole Lowcountry New Orleans Soul food ( list ) Texas Tex - Mex Western California California fusion Pacific Northwest Rocky Mountain Southwestern New Mexican Other Hawaiian Military rations Puerto Rican Roadkill Tailgate party History ( show ) Thirteen Colonies Antebellum America Chuckwagon Culinary Revolution Ingredients and foods ( show ) List of American foods Blueberry Corn Okra Pecan Potato Pumpkin Sunflower seed Styles ( show ) Barbecue in the United States Kansas City Memphis North Carolina Oklahoma Santa Maria St. Louis Texas Fast food Fusion New American Pizza in the United States Ethnic and cultural ( show ) American Chinese Greek - American Italian - American Asian Indian - American Jewish Native American Pennsylvania Dutch Tlingit Scandinavian Holidays and festivals ( show ) Christmas Thanksgiving United States portal Food portal
Thirteen Colonies
In 1606 , King James I of England granted charters to both the Plymouth Company and the London Company for the purpose of establishing permanent settlements in North America . The London Company established the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1607 , the first permanently settled English colony on the North American continent . The Plymouth Company founded the Popham Colony on the Kennebec River , but it was short - lived . The Plymouth Council for New England sponsored several colonization projects , culminating with Plymouth Colony in 1620 which was settled by the English Puritans , known today as the Pilgrims . The Dutch , Swedish , and French also established successful North American colonies at roughly the same time as the English , but they eventually came under the English crown . The Thirteen Colonies were complete with the establishment of the Province of Georgia in 1732 , although the term `` Thirteen Colonies '' became current only in the context of the American Revolution .
Spirit in the Sky
`` Spirit in the Sky '' Single by Gareth Gates with The Kumars from the album Go Your Own Way B - side `` Dance Again '' `` Will You Wait for Me ? '' Released March 14 , 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2003 Genre Pop rock Length 3 : 29 Label Sony BMG , RCA Songwriter ( s ) Norman Greenbaum Producer ( s ) Steve Mac Gareth Gates with The Kumars singles chronology `` What My Heart Wants to Say '' ( 2002 ) `` Spirit in the Sky '' ( 2003 ) `` Sunshine '' ( 2003 ) `` What My Heart Wants to Say '' ( 2002 ) `` Spirit in the Sky '' ( 2003 ) `` Sunshine '' ( 2003 )
Loyalist (American Revolution)
Historian Maya Jasanoff estimated how many Loyalists departed the U.S. for British North America . She calculates 60,000 in total , including about 50,000 whites ( Wallace Brown cites about 80,000 Loyalists in total permanently left the United States . ) . The majority of them -- about 34,000 -- went to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia , while about 6,600 went to Quebec and 2,000 to Prince Edward Island . 5,090 white Loyalists went to Florida , bringing along their slaves who numbered about 8,285 ( 421 whites and 2561 blacks returned to the States from Florida , David Lee Russell , The American Revolution in the Southern Colonies , 2000 , p. 317 , ISBN 0 - 7864 - 0783 - 2 . When Florida was returned to Spain , however , very few Loyalists remained there while most left . ) . 6,000 whites went to Jamaica and other Caribbean islands notable the Bahamas . About 13,000 went to Britain ( including 5,000 free blacks ) . The total is 62,000 whites . A precise figure can not be known because the records were incomplete and not accurate , and small numbers continued to leave after 1783 . The 50,000 or - so white departures represented about 10 % of the Loyalists ( at 20 - 25 % of the white population ) . Loyalists ( especially soldiers and former officials ) could choose evacuation . Loyalists whose roots were not yet deeply embedded in the United States were more likely to leave ; older people who had familial bonds and had acquired friends , property , and a degree of social respectability were more likely to remain in the US . The vast majority of the half - million white Loyalists , about 20 - 25 % of the total number of whites , remained in the U.S. Starting in the mid -- 1780s a small percentage of those who had left returned to the United States in particular as the anti-Tory laws were repealed ( the last by 1788 ) . The exiles amounted to about 2 % of the total US population of 3 million at the end of the war in 1783 .
Voting rights in the United States
At the time of ratification of the Constitution in the late 18th century , most states had property qualifications which restricted the franchise ; the exact amount varied by state , but by some estimates , more than half of white men were disenfranchised . Several states granted suffrage to free men of color after the Revolution , including North Carolina . This fact was noted by Justice Benjamin Robbins Curtis ' dissent in Dred Scott v. Sandford ( 1857 ) , as he emphasized that blacks had been considered citizens at the time the Constitution was ratified :