vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
A commonly held misconception concerning the rules of marine navigation is that by following specific rules , a vessel can gain certain rights of way over other vessels . No vessel ever has absolute `` right of way '' over other vessels . Rather , there can be a `` give way '' ( burdened ) vessel and a `` stand on '' ( privileged ) vessel , or there may be two give way vessels with no stand on vessel . A stand on vessel does not have an absolute right of way over any give way vessel , for if there is a risk of collision , a stand on vessel may still be obliged under Rule 2 and Rule 17 to give way so as to avoid it , if doing so will be effective and is practicable . Two power - driven vessels approaching each other head to head , are both deemed to be `` give way '' and both are required to alter course so as to avoid colliding with the other . Neither vessel has `` right of way '' .
T cell
Natural killer T cells ( NKT cells -- not to be confused with natural killer cells of the innate immune system ) bridge the adaptive immune system with the innate immune system . Unlike conventional T cells that recognize peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) molecules , NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigen presented by a molecule called CD1d . Once activated , these cells can perform functions ascribed to both T and T cells ( i.e. , cytokine production and release of cytolytic / cell killing molecules ) . They are also able to recognize and eliminate some tumor cells and cells infected with herpes viruses .
Heart
Several imaging methods can be used to assess the anatomy and function of the heart , including ultrasound ( echocardiography ) , angiography , CT scans , MRI and PET . An echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart used to measure the heart 's function , assess for valve disease , and look for any abnormalities . Echocardiography can be conducted by a probe on the chest ( `` transthoracic '' ) or by a probe in the esophagus ( `` transoesophageal '' ) . A typical echocardiography report will include information about the width of the valves noting any stenosis , whether there is any backflow of blood ( regurgitation ) and information about the blood volumes at the end of systole and diastole , including an ejection fraction , which describes how much blood is ejected from the left and right ventricles after systole . Ejection fraction can then be obtained by dividing the volume ejected by the heart ( stroke volume ) by the volume of the filled heart ( end - diastolic volume ) . Echocardiograms can also be conducted under circumstances when the body is more stressed , in order to examine for signs of lack of blood supply . This cardiac stress test involves either direct exercise , or where this is not possible , injection of a drug such as dobutamine .
The Time Machine
The Time Machine can be read as a symbolic novel . The time machine itself can be viewed as a symbol , and there are several symbols in the narrative , including the Sphinx , flowers , and fire .
Internet privacy
It has been a topic of discussion of who is held accountable for the collection and distribution of personal information . Some will say that it is the fault of the social networks because they are the ones who are storing the vast amounts of information and data , but others claim that it is the users who are responsible for the issue because it is the users themselves that provide the information in the first place . This relates to the ever - present issue of how society regards social media sites . There is a growing number of people that are discovering the risks of putting their personal information online and trusting a website to keep it private . Yet in a recent study , researchers found that young people are taking measures to keep their posted information on Facebook private to some degree . Examples of such actions include managing their privacy settings so that certain content can be visible to `` Only Friends '' and ignoring Facebook friend requests from strangers .
Copper in architecture
When it is not possible to avoid contact , an effective method of material separation is required . If paints or coatings are used for isolation , they should be compatible with both metals . Bituminous or zinc chromate primers can be used between copper and aluminum . Bituminous , zinc chromate , or a red lead primer can be effective in separating copper from iron and other ferrous metals . Taping or gasketing with non-absorptive materials or sealants are effective in separating copper from all other metals . In areas with severe exposure , lead or similar gasketing materials should be used , except between copper and aluminum . Water draining from copper surfaces should be prevented from exposure to aluminum and galvanized steel as traces of copper salts may accelerate corrosion . In some cases , anodizing may protect thicker aluminum , such as aluminum window system mullions .
Desiccant
The performance of any desiccant varies with temperature and both relative humidity and absolute humidity . To some extent , desiccant performance can be precisely described , but most commonly , the final choice of which desiccant best suits a given situation , how much of it to use , and in what form , is made based on testing and practical experience .
List of The Mortal Instruments characters
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Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
The Beer - Lambert law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing species in the solution and the path length . Thus , for a fixed path length , UV / Vis spectroscopy can be used to determine the concentration of the absorber in a solution . It is necessary to know how quickly the absorbance changes with concentration . This can be taken from references ( tables of molar extinction coefficients ) , or more accurately , determined from a calibration curve .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
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Yahoo! Answers
The points system is weighted to encourage users to answer questions and to limit spam questions . There are also levels ( with point thresholds ) , which give more site access . Points and levels have no real world value , can not be traded , and serve only to indicate how active a user has been on the site . A notable downside to the points / level system is that it encourages people to answer questions even when they do not have a suitable answer to give to gain points . Users also receive ten points for contributing the `` Best Answer '' which is selected by the question 's asker . The voting function , which allowed users to vote for the answer they considered best , was discontinued in April 2014 .
Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
`` And I think , how do you tame a wild tongue , train it to be quiet , how do you bridle and saddle it ? How do you make it lie down ? ''
Call of Duty: WWII
WWII also features Headquarters mode , which acts as a social space in the game . The hub is set on the Omaha Beach in Normandy , three days after the invasion when Allies retake the beach and turn it into a base . 48 players can be in the Headquarters at a time , and take part in various activities . For example , players can watch other players open loot boxes while in the Headquarters . There is a firing range in the hub , where all players can practise their shooting skills with all weapons , as well as a field where they can test scorestreaks . There are also areas where players can engage in `` 1v1 '' fights , as other players watch the duels .
Electric bicycle laws
It is important to note that if a vehicle has an electric motor greater than 500 watts and is capable of powering the vehicle when traveling at a speed greater than 32 km / h and it does not have a CMVSS compliance label it can not be registered unless the owner can prove , by having the vehicle certified by an engineer , that it is safe for operation on NB highways . Also , not all vehicles are suitable for operation on NB highways and it could be that the vehicle in question may not be a motor driven cycle or a bicycle and can not be operated on the highway at all .
List of The Land Before Time characters
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Logic
Aristotle 's Organon , especially On Interpretation , gives a cursory outline of semantics which the scholastic logicians , particularly in the thirteenth and fourteenth century , developed into a complex and sophisticated theory , called Supposition Theory . This showed how the truth of simple sentences , expressed schematically , depend on how the terms ' supposit ' or stand for certain extra-linguistic items . For example , in part II of his Summa Logicae , William of Ockham presents a comprehensive account of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the truth of simple sentences , in order to show which arguments are valid and which are not . Thus `` every A is B ' is true if and only if there is something for which ' A ' stands , and there is nothing for which ' A ' stands , for which ' B ' does not also stand . ''
Scientific method
Scientific knowledge is closely tied to empirical findings , and can remain subject to falsification if new experimental observation incompatible with it is found . That is , no theory can ever be considered final , since new problematic evidence might be discovered . If such evidence is found , a new theory may be proposed , or ( more commonly ) it is found that modifications to the previous theory are sufficient to explain the new evidence . The strength of a theory can be argued to relate to how long it has persisted without major alteration to its core principles .
List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters
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Final Fantasy VII
At random intervals on the world map and in field mode , and at specific moments in the story , the game will enter the battle screen . This screen places the player characters on one side , the enemies on the other , and employs an `` Active Time Battle '' ( ATB ) system in which the characters exchange moves until one side is defeated . The damage ( or healing ) dealt by either side is quantified on screen . Characters have many statistics that determine their effectiveness in battle ; for example , hit points determine how much damage they can take , and magic determines how much damage they can inflict with spells . Each character on the screen has a time gauge ; when a character 's gauge is full , the player can input a command for that character . The commands change as the game progresses , and are dependent on the characters in the player 's party and their equipment . Commands may include attacking with a weapon , casting magic , using items , summoning monsters , and other actions that either damage the enemy or aid the player characters . Final Fantasy VII also features powerful , character - specific commands called Limit Breaks , which can be used only after a special gauge is charged by enemy attacks . After being attacked , characters may be afflicted by one or more abnormal `` statuses '' , such as poison or paralysis . These statuses and their adverse effects can be removed by special items or abilities . When all the enemies are defeated , the battle ends and the player may be rewarded with money , items , and experience points . If the player is defeated , it is game over and the game must be loaded to the last save point .
2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids
Bayern Munich President Uli Hoeneß said that Blatter `` has lost control '' of FIFA and that `` It 's a scandal how things run there ( at FIFA ) . Apparently , a bid nowadays can only be successful if payments are additionally made under the table . One scandal comes on the heels of another . '' On 10 May 2011 , the former England 2018 bid chief Lord Treisman told a House of Commons select committee that four FIFA committee members approached him asking for various things in exchange for votes . Among the accused are FIFA Vice President Jack Warner , who is accused of asking for £ 2.5 million to be used for projects , and Nicolas Leoz , who allegedly asked to be knighted . In November 2010 , a documentary broadcast by the BBC had alleged that FIFA officials voting on the World Cup bids had received large bribes between 1989 and 1999 , which FIFA had not investigated .
Medical diagnosis
Detection of any deviation from what is known to be normal , such as can be described in terms of , for example , anatomy ( the structure of the human body ) , physiology ( how the body works ) , pathology ( what can go wrong with the anatomy and physiology ) , psychology ( thought and behavior ) and human homeostasis ( regarding mechanisms to keep body systems in balance ) . Knowledge of what is normal and measuring of the patient 's current condition against those norms can assist in determining the patient 's particular departure from homeostasis and the degree of departure , which in turn can assist in quantifying the indication for further diagnostic processing . A complaint expressed by a patient . The fact that a patient has sought a diagnostician can itself be an indication to perform a diagnostic procedure . For example , in a doctor 's visit , the physician may already start performing a diagnostic procedure by watching the gait of the patient from the waiting room to the doctor 's office even before she or he has started to present any complaints .
Story of a Girl (novel)
The story ends with Deanna explaining to Darren and Stacy ( who have found an apartment and are going to move in there with April ) that she has worked with Tommy for the whole summer . Stacy promises that , while Deanna can not move in with them , there will always be a toothbrush and understanding people there for her . Soon , school has begun again , and Deanna , Jason , and Lee are now juniors . They ask her if she is ready for the new year , and although Deanna says that she is n't ready , Lee tells her it 's time to begin it .
Operon
In positive inducible operons , activator proteins are normally unable to bind to the pertinent DNA . When an inducer is bound by the activator protein , it undergoes a change in conformation so that it can bind to the DNA and activate transcription . In positive repressible operons , the activator proteins are normally bound to the pertinent DNA segment . However , when an inhibitor is bound by the activator , it is prevented from binding the DNA . This stops activation and transcription of the system .
Criticism of democracy
More recently , democracy is criticized for not offering enough political stability . As governments are frequently elected on and off there tend to be frequent changes in the policies of democratic countries both domestically and internationally . Even if a political party maintains power , vociferous , headline grabbing protests and harsh criticism from the mass media are often enough to force sudden , unexpected political change . Frequent policy changes with regard to business and immigration are likely to deter investment and so hinder economic growth . For this reason , many people have put forward the idea that democracy is undesirable for a developing country in which economic growth and the reduction of poverty are top priority . However , Downs argued that the political market works much the same way as the economic market , and that there could potentially be an equilibrium in the system because of democratic process . However , he eventually argued that imperfect knowledge in politicians and voters prevented the reaching of that equilibrium . Short
Carol Danvers
Beginning in July 2018 , Danvers headlined a new series titled , The Life of Captain Marvel , by Stohl and artist Carlos Pacheco . The series is described as a `` retelling '' of Danvers ' origin story but Stohl insisted that it is not a `` reinvention '' explaining , `` You look through a different lens . It 's nothing you 'll expect and nothing you 've seen happen but there will be parts of her life that change the context of what you 've seen before , so it 's telling the other side of the story , of how she came to be . '' Stohl also said that there will be similarities with the upcoming 2019 film , but the film is `` its own thing . ''
Friction
In practice , the theoretical tension acting on the belt or rope calculated by the belt friction equation can be compared to the maximum tension the belt can support . This helps a designer of such a rig to know how many times the belt or rope must be wrapped around the pulley to prevent it from slipping . Mountain climbers and sailing crews demonstrate a standard knowledge of belt friction when accomplishing basic tasks .
Gambler's fallacy
Some researchers believe that there are actually two types of gambler 's fallacy : type one and type two . Type one is the `` classic '' gambler 's fallacy , when individuals believe that a certain outcome is `` due '' after a long streak of another outcome . Type two gambler 's fallacy , as defined by Gideon Keren and Charles Lewis , occurs when a gambler underestimates how many observations are needed to detect a favorable outcome ( such as watching a roulette wheel for a length of time and then betting on the numbers that appear most often ) . Detecting a bias that will lead to a favorable outcome takes an impractically large amount of time and is very difficult , if not impossible , to do . The two types differ in that type one wrongly assumes that gambling conditions are fair and perfect , while type two assumes that the conditions are biased , and that this bias can be detected after a certain amount of time .
United States Congress
A bill which reaches the floor of the full house can be simple or complex and begins with an enacting formula such as `` Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled . '' Consideration of a bill requires , itself , a rule which is a simple resolution specifying the particulars of debate -- time limits , possibility of further amendments , and such . Each side has equal time and members can yield to other members who wish to speak . Sometimes opponents seek to recommit a bill which means to change part of it . Generally , discussion requires a quorum , usually half of the total number of representatives , before discussion can begin , although there are exceptions . The house may debate and amend the bill ; the precise procedures used by the House and Senate differ . A final vote on the bill follows .
Chow mein
There are also variations on how either one of the two main types of chow mein can be prepared as a dish . When ordering `` chow mein '' in some restaurants in Chicago , a diner might receive `` chop suey poured over crunchy fried noodles '' . In Philadelphia , Americanized chow mein tends to be similar to chop suey but has crispy fried noodles on the side and includes lots of celery and bean sprouts and is sometimes accompanied with fried rice . Jeremy Iggers of the Star Tribune describes Minnesota - style chow mein as `` a green slurry of celery and ground pork topped with ribbons of gray processed chicken '' . Bay Area journalist William Wong made a similar comment about what is sold as chow mein in places like Minnesota . A published recipe for Minnesota - style chow mein includes generous portions of celery and bean sprouts . Another Minnesotan variant includes ground beef and cream of mushroom soup .