vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
War for the Planet of the Apes
When the group arrives at the border , they see hundreds of apes held captive inside a former quarantine facility . While getting a closer look , Luca is killed protecting Caesar from an Alpha - Omega patrol , angering Caesar and causing him to proceed alone . Caesar discovers that the captured apes belong to his clan , and are being forced to build a wall with no food or water . After Caesar is captured by Red , the Colonel reveals to Caesar that the Simian Flu virus has mutated and now causes humans who survived the original strain to become mute , which he believes is a sign of devolution to a primitive state . Caesar deduces that the Colonel is barricading the facility to fend off remnants of the U.S. Army from the north who are coming to execute him because he favors massacring any infected humans , including his own son , to stop the spread of the virus . Caesar is commended by the Colonel for his intelligence , and the Colonel explains that he is fighting a `` holy war '' for humanity 's survival .
First impression (psychology)
The rate at which different qualities are detected in first impressions may be linked to what has been important to survival from an evolutionary perspective . For example , trustworthiness and attractiveness were the two traits most quickly detected and evaluated in a study of human faces . People are fairly good at assessing personality traits of others in general , but there appears to be a difference in first impression judgments between older and younger adults . Older adults judged young adult target photos as healthier , more trustworthy , and less hostile , but more aggressive , than younger adults did of the same photos . Older adults could have a lower response to negative cues due to a slower processing speed , causing them to see facial features on young adults as more positive than younger adults do .
The Last of Us
In the spring , Joel and Ellie arrive in Salt Lake City . Ellie is rendered unconscious after almost drowning , before they are captured by a Firefly patrol . In the hospital , Marlene tells Joel that Ellie is being prepared for surgery : in hope of producing a vaccine for the infection , the Fireflies must remove the infected portion of Ellie 's brain , which will kill her . Unwilling to let Ellie die , Joel battles his way to the operating room and carries the unconscious Ellie to the parking garage . He is confronted by Marlene , whom he shoots and kills to prevent the Fireflies from pursuing them . On the drive out of the city , Joel claims that the Fireflies had found many other immune people but were unable to create a cure , and that they have stopped trying . On the outskirts of Tommy 's settlement , Ellie reveals that she was not alone when she was infected and expresses her survivor guilt . At her insistence , Joel swears his story about the Fireflies is true .
Christmas traditions
In Catholic parts of the country , it used to be common to attend Christmas Eve midnight mass ; this custom is upheld , but mostly by the elder generation and by fewer people every year . Christmas Eve is these days a rather normal evening without any special gatherings or meals . On Christmas Day , throughout both Flanders and the Netherlands elaborated meals are prepared by the host or together as a family . Also meals of which every participant / guest is preparing one dish are very common . The week before Christmas is important to the retail trade , because this is the biggest sales week in the country . Christmas songs are heard everywhere . The cities of Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Eindhoven are the busiest cities in terms of entertainment on Christmas Day . Many people do not exchange gifts on Christmas , since this is already done during a separate holiday ( Sinterklaas ) a few weeks before Christmas . In Twente people will blow the mid-winter horns around Christmas .
Nuclear fusion
When a nucleon such as a proton or neutron is added to a nucleus , the nuclear force attracts it to all the other nucleons of the nucleus ( if the atom is small enough ) , but primarily to its immediate neighbours due to the short range of the force . The nucleons in the interior of a nucleus have more neighboring nucleons than those on the surface . Since smaller nuclei have a larger surface area - to - volume ratio , the binding energy per nucleon due to the nuclear force generally increases with the size of the nucleus but approaches a limiting value corresponding to that of a nucleus with a diameter of about four nucleons . It is important to keep in mind that nucleons are quantum objects . So , for example , since two neutrons in a nucleus are identical to each other , the goal of distinguishing one from the other , such as which one is in the interior and which is on the surface , is in fact meaningless , and the inclusion of quantum mechanics is therefore necessary for proper calculations .
Hawaii
Some key customs and etiquette in Hawaii are as follows : when visiting a home , it is considered good manners to bring a small gift for one 's host ( for example , a dessert ) . Thus , parties are usually in the form of potlucks . Most locals take their shoes off before entering a home . It is customary for Hawaiian families , regardless of ethnicity , to hold a luau to celebrate a child 's first birthday . It is also customary at Hawaiian weddings , especially at Filipino weddings , for the bride and groom to do a money dance ( also called the pandanggo ) . Print media and local residents recommend that one refer to non-Hawaiians as `` locals of Hawaii '' or `` people of Hawaii '' .
Race and ethnicity in the United States
In other countries in the Americas , where mixing among groups was overtly more extensive , social categories have tended to be more numerous and fluid . In some cases , people may move into or out of categories on the basis of a combination of socioeconomic status , social class , ancestry , and appearance ( Mörner 1967 ) .
Reservation in India
People in the following categories are not entitled to take advantage of the reservation system for OBCs :
English contract law
Secondly , the offeror may waive the need for communication of acceptance , either expressly , or implicitly , as in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company . Here a quack medicine company advertised its `` smoke ball '' , stating that if a customer found it did not cure them of the flu after using it thrice daily for two weeks , they would get £ 100 . After noting the advertisement was serious enough to be an offer , not mere puff or an invitation to treat , the Court of Appeal held the accepting party only needed to use the smokeball as prescribed to get the £ 100 . Although the general rule was to require communication of acceptance , the advertisement had tacitly waived the need for Mrs Carlill , or anyone else , to report her acceptance first . In other cases , such as where a reward is advertised for information , the only requirement of the English courts appears to be knowledge of the offer . Where someone makes such a unilateral offer , they fall under a duty to not revoke it once someone has begun to act on the offer . Otherwise an offer may always be revoked before it is accepted . The general rule is that revocation must be communicated , even if by post , although if the offerree hears about the withdrawal from a third party , this is as good as a withdrawal from the offeror himself . Finally , an offer can be `` killed off '' if , rather than a mere inquiry for information , someone makes a counter offer . So in Hyde v Wrench , when Wrench offered to sell his farm for £ 1000 , and Hyde replied that he would buy it for £ 950 and Wrench refused , Hyde could not then change his mind and accept the original £ 1000 offer . The
Influence of the French Revolution
In Ireland , the effect was to transform what had been an attempt by Protestant settlers to gain some autonomy into a mass movement led by the Society of United Irishmen involving Catholics and Protestants . It stimulated the demand for further reform throughout Ireland , especially in Ulster . The upshot was a revolt in 1798 , led by Wolfe Tone , that was crushed by Britain . This revolt is seen as the foundation for modern Irish republicanism , which eventually led to the partition of Ireland and independence for 26 of its 32 counties .
Indigenous Australian art
`` People are clearly taking advantage ... Especially the elderly people . I mean , these are people that , they 're not educated ; they have n't had a lot of contact with white people . They 've got no real basic understanding , you know , of the law and even business law . Obviously they 've got no real business sense . A dollar does n't really have much of a meaning to them , and I think to treat anybody like that is just ... it 's just not on in this country . ''
Pre-installed software
It is usually licensed for use only on the computer on which it was pre-installed , and is not transferable to other computers . Its functionality is often time limited in an effort to get the user to purchase the `` full '' version . It often does not come with any media , should the user need to reinstall it . It sometimes modifies or replaces the default browser or system settings , in an effort to target specific advertisements to the user ; or may otherwise contain functionality the user might consider to be malware . It often consumes system resources , even if not actively being run by the user , adversely affecting system responsiveness and startup time . It is sometimes difficult or impossible for users to remove , such as via the standard uninstall utility provided by the system . Its purpose may be to install further unwanted programs without permission , or re-install them after the user successfully gets rid of them . It may consume bandwidth which a phone company can charge for ( especially on a phone device ) , yet not let the user know they are being cheated of some of their bandwidth . This may be a side effect of analytics or music downloads single unwanted apps are sending , but installing several dozen of these unwanted apps can drive the bandwidth costs up for a segment of users which would n't have happened without the unknown , uninstallable , unwanted apps .
Stamp Act 1765
Resolved , That the Taxation of the People by themselves , or by Persons chosen by themselves to represent them , who could only know what Taxes the People are able to bear , or the easiest method of raising them , and must themselves be affected by every Tax laid on the People , is the only Security against a burdensome Taxation , and the distinguishing characteristick of British Freedom , without which the ancient Constitution can not exist .
Caste system in India
Jati were the basis of caste ethnology during the British colonial era . In the 1881 census and thereafter , colonial ethnographers used caste ( jati ) headings , to count and classify people in what was then British India ( now India , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Burma ) . The 1891 census included 60 sub-groups each subdivided into six occupational and racial categories , and the number increased in subsequent censuses . The British colonial era census caste tables , states Susan Bayly , `` ranked , standardised and cross-referenced jati listings for Indians on principles similar to zoology and botanical classifications , aiming to establish who was superior to whom by virtue of their supposed purity , occupational origins and collective moral worth '' . While bureaucratic British officials completed reports on their zoological classification of Indian people , some British officials criticised these exercises as being little more than a caricature of the reality of caste system in India . The British colonial officials used the census - determined jatis to decide which group of people were qualified for which jobs in the colonial government , and people of which jatis were to be excluded as unreliable . These census caste classifications , states Gloria Raheja , a professor of Anthropology , were also used by the British officials over the late 19th century and early 20th century , to formulate land tax rates , as well as to frequently target some social groups as `` criminal '' castes and castes prone to `` rebellion '' .
Constitution of India
Institutions of governance -- the Parliament , the President , the Judiciary , the Executive , etc. get their power from the Constitution and are bound by it . With the aid of the Constitution , India is governed by a parliamentary system of government with the executive directly accountable to the legislature . It states that there shall be a President of India who shall be the head of the executive , under Articles 52 and 53 . The President 's duty is to preserve , protect and defend the constitution and the law under Article 60 of the Indian constitution . Article 74 provides that there shall be a Prime Minister as the head of union cabinet which would aid and advise the President in performing his constitutional duty . Union cabinet is collectively responsible to the House of the People per Article 75 ( 3 ) .
List of To Kill a Mockingbird characters
Alexandra Hancock ( née Finch ) is Atticus ' and Jack 's sister , married to James `` Uncle Jimmy '' Hancock . She has a son named Henry and a very spoiled grandson named Francis . Around the middle of the book , Aunt Alexandra decides to leave her husband at Finch 's Landing , the Finch family homestead to come stay with the Finches . Aunt Alexandra does n't consider the black Calpurnia to be a very good motherly figure for Jem and Scout ; she disapproves of Scout being a tomboy and wants to make Scout into a southern belle ( encouraging her to act more ' lady like ' ) . This is the cause of many conflicts between Scout and Alexandra throughout the course of the novel . However , as the trial progresses , Scout comes to see how much her aunt cares for her father and what a strong woman she is . This is especially evidenced by a tea party when Scout is horrified by the racism displayed , and her aunt and Miss Maudie help her deal with her feelings . By the end of the book , it 's clear that Alexandra cares very much for her niece and nephew , though she and Scout will probably never really get along .
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
These cities were largely untouched during the nightly bombing raids and the Army Air Forces agreed to leave them off the target list so accurate assessment of the weapon could be made . Hiroshima was described as `` an important army depot and port of embarkation in the middle of an urban industrial area . It is a good radar target and it is such a size that a large part of the city could be extensively damaged . There are adjacent hills which are likely to produce a focusing effect which would considerably increase the blast damage . Due to rivers it is not a good incendiary target . ''
Criticism of democracy
Some thinkers believe democracy will result in the people 's distrust and disrespect of governments or religious sanctity . The distrust and disrespect pervades all parts of society : seniority and juniority ; for example between a parent and a child , or a teacher and a student . This in turn is suggested to be the cause of frequent divorces , teenage crimes , vandalism , hooliganism and low education attainment in Western societies , all of which are lower in Asian societies . It could be argued that democracy follows essentially a doctrine of moral relativism , where no particular moral code is privileged by any form of reasonable evidence or argumentation to be true or more worthy ; only what a particular group of people ( that defines a particular nation ) would agree to value , is to be given any value . This intrinsic property of the democratic thesis appears to conflict the very meaning of ' moral values ' in a way that still demands serious scholarship and careful academic consideration .
List of poker hands
There are nine hand - ranking categories when using a standard 52 - card deck , except under ace - to - five low rules where straights , flushes and straight flushes are not recognized . An additional category , five of a kind , is introduced when using one or more wild cards . The fewer hands a category contains , the higher its rank . There are 311,875,200 ways to deal five cards from the deck but only 2,598,960 distinct hands , because the order in which cards are dealt or arranged in a hand does not matter . Moreover , since hands differing only by suit are of equal rank , there are only 7,462 distinct hand ranks when using nine hand categories .
African French
A third phenomenon is hypercorrection , which is found especially among the educated and upper classes of sub-Saharan Africa . Educated people there tend to speak a very formal sort of French which may sound a bit old - fashioned and conservative to European and North American French speakers .
Owen Hunt
McKidd has referred to his character and the character of Cristina Yang as `` soulmates . '' Speaking of Owen 's PTSD storyline , McKidd stated : `` What 's exciting about telling this story with this character is that it 's quite brave of ABC and Shonda ( Rhimes ) , on a prime - time network TV show , to address a tough subject , and one that people do n't necessarily want to hear about . But so far the writing room is handling it beautifully . They 're not banging people over the head with it but exploring it in a sensitive and interesting way . '' Owen and Cristina have struggled with their fictional relationship in season eight , leading to Owen having a sexual affair . Directly before the episode involving the affair aired , McKidd said to Entertainment Weekly : `` The thing about Owen is that he tries to do things perfectly , and obviously , he messes up as the chief because you have to make these odd black - and - white decisions and sometimes you make the wrong decision . There 's a lot of stress in his life at the moment , so he 's trying not to let that affect his efficiency as chief . '' Although the characters ' marriage is tested , McKidd reported to The Hollywood Reporter : `` I think they 're meant for each other . I hold out faith in Cristina and Owen , even though they go to the darkest places out of all the couples on the show . It 's going to get worse but it 's going to get better soon . ''
Military history of Australia during World War I
Rather than employing a system that returned men by units , or by employment categories , it was decided to utilise an egalitarian system that saw men who had been away for the longest period of time being returned first . Due to the size of the forces deployed overseas -- roughly 167 , 000 personnel in France , Britain and Egypt -- and the logistical requirements of bringing them home the process was nevertheless a lengthy one and as such it became important to occupy the troops while they waited . In order to achieve this and to prepare the men for a return to civilian employment , a vocational education scheme was set up by George Long and troops in Britain were offered educational courses and civilian work placement opportunities and although these programs were not as successful as hoped , several thousand soldiers took advantage of them .
American Civil War
According to Lincoln , the people of the United States had shown that they can be successful in establishing and administering a republic , but a third challenge faced the nation , maintaining the republic , based on the people 's vote . The people must now show : `` successful maintenance ( of the Republic ) against a formidable internal attempt to overthrow it . It is now for them to demonstrate to the world that those who can fairly carry an election can also suppress a rebellion ; that ballots are the rightful and peaceful successors of bullets ; and that when ballots have fairly and constitutionally decided , there can be no successful appeal back to bullets ; that there can be no successful appeal , except to ballots themselves , at succeeding elections . Such will be a great lesson of peace ; teaching men that what they can not take by an election , neither can they take it by a war '' .
Agatha Christie: And Then There Were None
And Then There Were None features a journal system to aid in the collection and piecing together of clues . The in - game journal records everything that the player needs to advance in the game , in order to prevent the player wandering aimlessly , unable to proceed . For example , the journal records conversations the player has with other characters , so that if they forget what was said , it will still be accessible . The developers also created the journal so that players did not have to use external resources , such as pen and paper . The journal is separated by content into several categories , such as a characters page , which lists all the characters by name and includes details about them , as well as separate pages for important items , documents and books . This information can be referenced at any time by the player .
Jeopardy!
Griffin 's first conception of the game used a board comprising ten categories with ten clues each , but after finding that this board could not easily be shown on camera , he reduced it to two rounds of thirty clues each , with five clues in each of six categories . He originally intended the show to require grammatically correct phrasing ( e.g. , only accepting `` Who is ... '' for a person ) , but after finding that grammatical correction slowed the game down , he decided that the show should instead accept any correct response that was in question form . Griffin discarded his initial title for the show , What 's the Question ? , when skeptical network executive Ed Vane rejected his original concept of the game , claiming , `` It does n't have enough jeopardies . ''
Gambler's fallacy
Gambler 's fallacy arises out of a belief in a `` law of small numbers '' , or the erroneous belief that small samples must be representative of the larger population . According to the fallacy , `` streaks '' must eventually even out in order to be representative . Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman first proposed that the gambler 's fallacy is a cognitive bias produced by a psychological heuristic called the representativeness heuristic , which states that people evaluate the probability of a certain event by assessing how similar it is to events they have experienced before , and how similar the events surrounding those two processes are . According to this view , `` after observing a long run of red on the roulette wheel , for example , most people erroneously believe that black will result in a more representative sequence than the occurrence of an additional red '' , so people expect that a short run of random outcomes should share properties of a longer run , specifically in that deviations from average should balance out . When people are asked to make up a random - looking sequence of coin tosses , they tend to make sequences where the proportion of heads to tails stays closer to 0.5 in any short segment than would be predicted by chance ( insensitivity to sample size ) ; Kahneman and Tversky interpret this to mean that people believe short sequences of random events should be representative of longer ones . The representativeness heuristic is also cited behind the related phenomenon of the clustering illusion , according to which people see streaks of random events as being non-random when such streaks are actually much more likely to occur in small samples than people expect .