vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
13 Reasons Why
While waiting for the stalker to arrive , they play an alcohol - fueled game of truth or dare that leads to the two of them kissing on Hannah 's bed . The stalker , school photographer Tyler Down , takes a photo of the girls and sends it around the school . This effectively ends Courtney and Hannah 's friendship as Courtney distances herself from Hannah to avoid being revealed as one of the people in the photograph . In the present , Clay goes to Hannah 's house and talks to her mother , though is unable to admit how close he and Hannah were . He also confronts Tony about the incident with his brothers . Tony responds that `` people have to make their own justice '' and proves he has an extra set of tapes . Inspired by this , Clay takes a naked picture of Tyler and sends it around the school in revenge . Tape subject : Tyler Down , for stalking Hannah and spreading the photo of her and Courtney 's kiss around the school . 5 5 `` Tape 3 , Side A '' Kyle Patrick Alvarez Julia Bicknell March 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 31 ) Courtney , afraid of her classmates finding out about her sexuality , spreads a rumor that the girls in the leaked photos are Hannah and Laura , an openly lesbian classmate . Courtney also adds to the rumor about Hannah and Justin , worsening Hannah 's poor reputation . In the present , Clay takes Courtney to visit Hannah 's grave . She leaves , not ready to face her involvement in the loss of her classmate or be more open about her sexuality . Tony arrives with Clay 's bike and gives him a tape with the song he and Hannah danced to at the Winter Formal . Later , Justin , Zach and Alex force Clay into the car with them by stealing his bike and scare him into silence about the tapes by driving over the speed limit . They are pulled over by the police but face no consequences as the officer is revealed to be Alex 's father . Clay denies knowing Hannah to his mother , who has been asked to represent the school in the lawsuit the Bakers are bringing . Tape subject : Courtney Crimsen , for deflecting attention about both her sexuality and the photo Tyler took of her and Hannah by spreading further rumors about Hannah .
Delocalized electron
In diamond all four outer electrons of each carbon atom are ' localized ' between the atoms in covalent bonding . The movement of electrons is restricted and diamond does not conduct an electric current . In graphite , each carbon atom uses only 3 of its 4 outer energy level electrons in covalently bonding to three other carbon atoms in a plane . Each carbon atom contributes one electron to a delocalized system of electrons that is also a part of the chemical bonding . The delocalized electrons are free to move throughout the plane . For this reason , graphite conducts electricity along the planes of carbon atoms , but does not conduct in a direction at right angles to the plane .
Air Jordan
The Air Jordan line has been associated with many riots , assaults , robberies , and murders , such as the murder of a 15 - year - old high school student named Michael Eugene Thomas who was choked to death by one of his peers for a pair of Air Jordan sneakers in 1989 .
Indian painting
One of the first productions of that school of miniature painting was the Hamzanama series , which according to the court historian , Badayuni , was started in 1567 and completed in 1582 . The Hamzanama , stories of Amir Hamza , an uncle of the Prophet , were illustrated by Mir Sayyid Ali . The paintings of the Hamzanama are of large size , 20 x 27 '' and were painted on cloth . They are in the Persian safavi style . Brilliant red , blue and green colours predominate ; the pink , eroded rocks and the vegetation , planes and blossoming plum and peach trees are reminiscent of Persia . However , Indian tones appear in later work , when Indian artists were employed .
Monarchy of the United Kingdom
Whenever necessary , the Monarch is responsible for appointing a new Prime Minister ( who by convention appoints and may dismiss every other Minister of the Crown , and thereby constitutes and controls the government ) . In accordance with unwritten constitutional conventions , the Sovereign must appoint an individual who commands the support of the House of Commons , usually the leader of the party or coalition that has a majority in that House . The Prime Minister takes office by attending the Monarch in private audience , and after `` kissing hands '' that appointment is immediately effective without any other formality or instrument .
It Takes a Village
Clinton has been criticized for not giving credit to a ghostwriter in connection with It Takes a Village . The majority of the book was reportedly written by ghostwriter Barbara Feinman . When the book was first announced in April 1995 , The New York Times reported publisher Simon & Schuster as saying `` The book will actually be written by Barbara Feinman , a journalism professor at Georgetown University in Washington . Ms. Feinman will conduct a series of interviews with Mrs. Clinton , who will help edit the resulting text . ''
Mohr's circle
The orientation of the planes where the maximum and minimum principal stresses act , also known as principal planes , can be determined by measuring in the Mohr circle the angles ∠ BOC and ∠ BOE , respectively , and taking half of each of those angles . Thus , the angle ∠ BOC between O B  ̄ ( \ displaystyle ( \ overline ( OB ) ) ) and O C  ̄ ( \ displaystyle ( \ overline ( OC ) ) ) is double the angle θ p ( \ displaystyle \ theta _ ( p ) ) which the major principal plane makes with plane B ( \ displaystyle B ) .
Air pollution in the United States
The Clean Power Plan is a policy designed by the Obama Administration to lower the levels of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in the United States . The major estimated positive externalities of the plan include the reduction of air pollutants by up to 25 % and the elimination of serious health altercations for those who live near factories and chemical facilities that emit carbon dioxide such as a considerable decrease of premature deaths and asthma attacks among children . Also , although steel , cement , and refining production jobs are likely to decrease on a large scale , this is expected to be counteracted by a boom in production and job opportunities in the solar and wind power sectors .
White Rabbit
In `` Heart of the Matter , '' the White Rabbit is having a hard time trying to find people who can help fight Jafar and free Wonderland from his control . Alice and Cyrus arrive at the White Rabbit 's house where he was unable to convince some former soldiers of the Red Queen to help free Wonderland from Jafar . Alice talks the White Rabbit into taking her and Cyrus to Storybrooke on Earth so that they can find the heart of the Knave of Hearts . The White Rabbit arrives in Storybrooke where he takes them to the apartment building where the Knave of Hearts has been living during his time in Storybrooke . After Alice and Cyrus find the Knave of Hearts ' heart in a wall behind a pencil drawing of the Red Queen , the White Rabbit then takes Alice and Cyrus back to Wonderland in order to hide the Knave of Heart 's heart . The White Rabbit is then ordered to leave by Alice when Jafar arrives to claim the Knave of Heart 's heart .
Role of the United States in the Vietnam War
In February 1965 , a U.S. air base at Pleiku , in the Central Highlands of South Vietnam , was attacked twice by the NLF , resulting in the deaths of over a dozen U.S. personnel . These guerrilla attacks prompted the administration to order retaliatory air strikes against North Vietnam .
Respiratory system
This organ allows labyrinth fish to take in oxygen directly from the air , instead of taking it from the water in which they reside through use of gills . The labyrinth organ helps the oxygen in the inhaled air to be absorbed into the bloodstream . As a result , labyrinth fish can survive for a short period of time out of water , as they can inhale the air around them , provided they stay moist .
Respiratory system
During exhalation the pressure in the posterior air sacs ( which were filled with fresh air during inhalation ) increases due to the contraction of the oblique muscle described above . The aerodynamics of the interconnecting openings from the posterior air sacs to the dorsobronchi and intrapulmonary bronchi ensures that the air leaves these sacs in the direction of the lungs ( via the dorsobronchi ) , rather than returning down the intrapulmonary bronchi ( Fig. 18 ) . From the dorsobronchi the fresh air from the posterior air sacs flows through the parabronchi ( in the same direction as occurred during inhalation ) into ventrobronchi . The air passages connecting the ventrobronchi and anterior air sacs to the intrapulmonary bronchi direct the `` spent '' , oxygen poor air from these two organs to the trachea from where it escapes to the exterior . Oxygenated air therefore flows constantly ( during the entire breathing cycle ) in a single direction through the parabronchi .
Yosemite National Park
The uplifting and increased erosion exposed granitic rocks in the area to surface pressures , resulting in exfoliation ( responsible for the rounded shape of the many domes in the park ) and mass wasting following the numerous fracture joint planes ( cracks ; especially vertical ones ) in the now solidified plutons . Pleistocene glaciers further accelerated this process and the larger ones transported the resulting talus and till from valley floors .
Fire triangle
The oxidizer is the other reactant of the chemical reaction . In most cases , it is the ambient air , and in particular one of its components , oxygen ( O ) . By depriving a fire of air , it can be extinguished ; for example , when covering the flame of a small candle with an empty glass , fire stops ; to the contrary , if air is blown over a wood fire with bellows , the fire is activated by the introduction of more air . In certain torches , gaseous oxygen is introduced to improve combustion .
USS Maine (ACR-1)
In the 2001 book Theodore Roosevelt , the U.S. Navy and the Spanish -- American War , Wegner revisits the Rickover investigation and offers additional details . According to Wegner , Rickover inquired with naval historians , at the Energy Research and Development Agency , about Maine , after reading an article in the Washington Star - News in which its author , John M. Taylor , claimed the U.S. Navy `` made little use of its technically trained officers during its investigation of the tragedy . '' The historians , then working with the admiral on a study of the U.S. Navy 's nuclear propulsion program , said they knew no details of Maine 's sinking . When Rickover asked whether they could investigate the matter , the historians , now intrigued , agreed . Knowing of Rickover 's `` insistence on thoroughness , '' Wegner says , all relevant documents were obtained and studied . These included the ship 's plans and weekly reports of the unwatering of Maine , in 1912 , by the chief engineer for the project , William Furgueson . These reports included numerous photos , annotated by Furgueson with frame and strake numbers on corresponding parts of the wreckage . Two experts on naval demolitions and ship explosions were brought in . Since the photos showed `` no plausible evidence of penetration from the outside , '' they believed the explosion originated inside the ship .
Respiratory system
The branching airways of the lower tract are often described as the respiratory tree or tracheobronchial tree ( Fig. 2 ) . The intervals between successive branch points along the various branches of `` tree '' are often referred to as branching `` generations '' , of which there are , in the adult human about 23 . The earlier generations ( approximately generations 0 -- 16 ) , consisting of the trachea and the bronchi , as well as the larger bronchioles which simply act as air conduits , bringing air to the respiratory bronchioles , alveolar ducts and alveoli ( approximately generations 17 -- 23 ) , where gas exchange takes place . Bronchioles are defined as the small airways lacking and cartilagenous support .
Subroto Mukerjee
On 8 October 1932 , the six Indians cadets were commissioned in the Royal Air Force . On the same day , the Indian Air Force Act was passed by the Indian Legislative Assembly , and the Indian Air Force was born . Subroto was commissioned as a pilot . After completing their training at Cranwell , the Indian pilots passed through the Army Cooperation School at Old Sarum in Wiltshire . They served in RAF squadrons before coming back to India to serve Indian Air Force . On 1 April 1933 , `` A '' Flight of the No 1 Squadron , Indian Air Force , was formed at Karachi . Subroto was one of the five Indian pilots who made up the flight . The flight was equipped with four Westland Wapiti biplanes .
Mexico City
In 1980 half of all the industrial jobs in Mexico were located in Mexico City . Under relentless growth , the Mexico City government could barely keep up with services . Villagers from the countryside who continued to pour into the city to escape poverty only compounded the city 's problems . With no housing available , they took over lands surrounding the city , creating huge shantytowns that extended for many miles . This caused serious air pollution in Mexico City and water pollution problems , as well as subsidence due to overextraction of groundwater . Air and water pollution has been contained and improved in several areas due to government programs , the renovation of vehicles and the modernization of public transportation .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
Removed from the deprivation and oppression of the districts , the pampered and hedonistic civilians are generally preoccupied with extravagant fashion , parties , and mass entertainment like the Hunger Games . Compared to the Districts , the Capitol is extremely wealthy and derives most of the benefits of advanced technologies such as computers , hover planes , and high - speed trains . Visiting tributes who have grown up with the constant threat of starvation and poverty , are shocked by what they consider wasteful decadence in the Capitol . For example , the selection of dishes served at parties is commonly far greater than one person could sample , so it is usual to provide emetic beverages , allowing guests to continue eating . Due to this extravagant lifestyle , it is rare for Capitol citizens to join the Peacekeepers , as it requires its soldiers to avoid marriage for twenty years and is often considered a punishment to avoid spending time in jail . In addition , residents of other districts who are considered criminals or traitors may be forced into servitude in the Capitol and converted into Avoxes , a brutal form of punishment in which offenders have their tongue surgically removed .
Obesity in the United States
Along with obesity came the accommodations made of American products . Child - safety seats in 2006 became modified for the 250,000 obese U.S. children ages six and below . The obese incur extra costs for themselves and airlines when flying . Weight is a major component to the formula that goes into the planes take off and for it to successfully fly to the desired destination . Due to the weight limits taken in consideration for flight in 2000 , airlines spent $275 million on 350 million additional gallons of fuel for compensation of additional weight to travel .
Avengers: Infinity War
'' McCarthy wrote , `` Brolin 's calm , considered reading of the character bestows this conquering beast with an unexpectedly resonant emotional dimension , making him much more than a thick stick figure of a supervillain . '' McCarthy also praised the film 's action sequences , saying `` Infinity War brims with tensely spectacular combat sequences , even if the question of who 's going to win each one has that extravagantly arbitrary could - Mighty - Mouse - beat - up - Superman ? quality . '' Gleiberman called the scale of the action , `` astonishing '' , and Travers wrote , `` Avengers : Infinity War leaves viewers up in the air , feeling exhilarated and cheated at the same time , aching for a closure that never comes ... at least not yet . '' Josh Spiegel , also of The Hollywood Reporter , said the film takes `` a cue from the ending of The Empire Strikes Back in its super-sized finale ; this is the equivalent of Han Solo frozen in the carbonite , on steroids . ''
Air Jordan
The final Countdown package consisted of the Air Jordan Retro XI model in Varsity Red / Black . The other Air Jordan in this package was the Air Jordan Retro XII model in Black / White . The package retailed for US $310.00 .
Warm front
Air masses are large bodies of air with similar properties of temperature and humidity that form over source regions . The warm air mass behind a warm front is not only warmer , but often ( but not always ) also higher in humidity than the colder air preceding it . Because of a warm air mass 's higher temperature and thus lesser density , mixing between the two air masses is unlikely . Being light , the warm air mass is unable to displace the cooler air mass and instead is forced upward along the upper boundary of the colder air in a process known as overrunning . The boundary between the two air masses has a gradual slope of 1 : 200 and lifting is slow but persistent .
List of Cars characters
Frank is a generic red combine harvester that resembles a bull , and the guardian of the tractors ( which `` moo '' as cows ) . After Lightning McQueen 's first encounter with Frank during a night of tractor tipping with Mater , Lightning starts dreaming that he , The King , and Chick Hicks ( the last of whom does not survive , getting chopped up while The King and McQueen move out of the way ) are beaten by Frank in the tie - breaker race . When he wins , big smoke comes out of his horns which makes him look more like a moose while Lightning is surrounded by the tractors who are licking him . He is last seen with the tractors at the drive - in theatre scenes behind the fence far behind Mack , watching the movie as well . He is also seen in the short Mater and the Ghostlight when Mater races past him , waking him up , but does not chase him . Frank seems to be the soothing and kind master of the tractors and the leader of the herd and also hates trespassers who step into his farm and bother the tractors . The tractors also appear in Planes and are shown to be sacred in India .
Anticyclone
Once arctic air moves over an unfrozen ocean , the air mass modifies greatly over the warmer water and takes on the character of a maritime air mass , which reduces the strength of the high - pressure system . When extremely cold air moves over relatively warm oceans , polar lows can develop . However , warm and moist ( or maritime tropical ) air masses which move poleward from tropical sources are slower to modify than arctic air masses .
Exhalation
Asthma , COPD , and smokers have reduced airflow ability . People who suffer from asthma and COPD show decreases in exhaled air due to inflammation of the airways . This inflammation causes narrowing of the airways which allows less air to be exhaled . Numerous things cause inflammation some examples are cigarette smoke and environmental interactions such as allergies , weather , and exercise . In smokers the inability to exhale fully is due to the loss of elasticity in the lungs . Smoke in the lungs causes them to harden and become less elastic , which prevents the lungs from expanding or shrinking as they normally would .
John Steinbeck
In 1947 , Steinbeck made the first of many trips to the Soviet Union , this one with photographer Robert Capa . They visited Moscow , Kiev , Tbilisi , Batumi and Stalingrad , some of the first Americans to visit many parts of the USSR since the communist revolution . Steinbeck 's 1948 book about their experiences , A Russian Journal , was illustrated with Capa 's photos . In 1948 , the year the book was published , Steinbeck was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters .
New York Post
In 1996 , the New York Post launched an Internet version of the paper . The original site included color photos and sections broken down into News , Sports , Editorial , Gossip , Entertainment and Business . It also had an archive for the past seven days . Since then , it has been redesigned a number of times , with the latest incarnation launched in September 2013 .
Coat of arms of Ireland
As well as being the arms of Ireland , since 1945 the harp is the arms of each President of Ireland whilst in office . Typically the arms are borne as a banner in the form of a Presidential Standard . The standard is flown over Áras an Uachtaráin , the President 's residence in Dublin , at Dublin Castle when the President is in residence and on vehicles used by the President . As with other Presidential and Royal Standards , it is never flown at half mast . However , the Presidential Standard never takes precedence over the flag of Ireland , whereas , for example , the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom takes precedence over the flag of the United Kingdom .
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis largely resembles the prokaryotic process of binary fission , but because of differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures and functions , the mechanisms differ . For instance a bacterial cell has only a single chromosome in the form of a closed loop , in contrast to the linear , usually multiple , chromosomes of eukaryotes ; accordingly bacteria construct no mitotic spindle in cell division . Also , duplication of prokaryotic DNA takes place during the actual separation of chromosomes ; in mitosis duplication takes place during the interphase before mitosis begins , though the daughter chromatids do not separate completely before the anaphase .
Ohio State University Marching Band
The Gray Uniform has been seen in photos as early as the 1960s . The purpose of the Gray Uniform is to give the band staff an idea of what the band looks like in formations while dressed alike . This allows for last minute modifications to drill without making the band wear full uniform . The Gray Uniform is nearly identical in use and wear as military Physical Training uniforms . The Gray Uniform consists of a gray T - shirt and gray shorts . The band hat with plume is worn with this uniform .
Air pollution in the United States
A study conducted in 2000 used geographic census data and outdoor nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) concentration data to examine the disparities of NO2 air pollution across the United States . The study found that there is disproportional disparities in terms of both race and socioeconomic groups . The people of color were exposed to 4.6 ppb more than average NO2 concentrations than white people . Those who live in below poverty level are exposed to 1.2 ppb more . Lower - income Caucasians are exposed to 3.4 ppb higher NO2 concentrations than the higher - income Caucasians . The study also reports disproportional disparities of NO2 concentration exposure by education level ; those who without high school education are more likely to be exposed to higher concentrations . Association between NO2 exposure and cancer development has been found in many studies .
Air pollution in the United States
In the United States , racial and ethnic minorities , defined as people of color who represent a small portion of the overall population , are socioeconomically disadvantaged , and have a history of past discrimination . There are four recognized minority groups in the United States : Asians and Pacific Islanders , African Americans , Hispanics , and Native Americans . Those of low socioeconomic status and people of color are more vulnerable to the short term and long term effects of air pollution . Short - term health effects of air pollution include but is not limited to bronchitis or pneumonia , frequent headaches , dizziness , and nausea . Some long term health effects are lung cancer and respiratory diseases , heart disease , and organ damage , and irreversible nerve damage .