vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Peninsular War
From all I have learned of the state of the enemy 's force at present in the Peninsula , I am of opinion that unless the Spanish armies should meet with misfortune , the enemy could not make an attack upon Portugal ; and ( that ) if events in Spain should enable the enemy to make such an attack , the force at present in Portugal is able to defend that country . If in consequence of the peace in Germany the enemy 's army in the Peninsula should be reinforced , it is obvious that the enemy will acquire the means of attacking Portugal ... in this case I conceive that till Spain shall have been conquered ... the enemy will find it difficult , if not impossible , to obtain possession of Portugal .
Oath of office of the President of the United States
In 1909 , when President William Howard Taft was sworn in , Chief Justice Melville Fuller misquoted the oath , but the error was not publicized at the time . The mistake was similar to the one Taft himself would make twenty years later when swearing in President Hoover . Recalling the incident , Taft wrote , `` When I was sworn in as president by Chief Justice Fuller , he made a similar slip , '' and added , `` but in those days when there was no radio , it was observed only in the Senate chamber where I took the oath . '' In 1929 , Taft , later the Chief Justice , garbled the oath when he swore in President Herbert Hoover using the words `` preserve , maintain , and defend the Constitution '' , instead of `` preserve , protect , and defend '' . The error was picked up by schoolgirl Helen Terwilliger on the radio . Taft eventually acknowledged his error , but did not think it was important , and Hoover did not retake the oath . In Taft 's view , his departure from the text did not invalidate the oath . In 1945 , President Harry S. Truman 's bare initial caused an unusual slip when he first became president and took the oath . At a meeting in the Cabinet Room , Chief Justice Harlan Stone , apparently mistaken about the meaning of Truman 's middle initial ( which is not an abbreviation but rather the whole middle name in itself ) , began reading the oath by saying `` I , Harry Shipp Truman ... '' , Truman responded : `` I , Harry S Truman , ... '' In 1965 , Chief Justice Earl Warren prompted Lyndon Johnson to say , `` the Office of the Presidency of the United States '' . In 2009 , Chief Justice John G. Roberts , while administering the oath to Barack Obama , incorrectly recited part of the oath . Roberts prompted , `` That I will execute the Office of President to the United States faithfully . '' Obama stopped at `` execute , '' and waited for Roberts to correct himself . Roberts , after a false start , then followed Obama 's `` execute '' with `` faithfully '' , which results in `` execute faithfully , '' which is also incorrect . Obama then repeated Roberts ' initial , incorrect prompt , with the word `` faithfully '' after `` United States . '' The oath was re-administered the next day by Roberts at the White House .
Times Square
In 2002 , New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani gave the oath of office to the city 's next mayor , Michael Bloomberg , at Times Square after midnight on January 1 as part of the 2001 -- 2002 New Year 's celebration . Approximately 500,000 revelers attended . Security was high following the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001 , with more than 7,000 New York City police officers on duty in the Square , twice the number for an ordinary year .
Bantu peoples in South Africa
Chiefdom - ship was largely hereditary , although chiefs were often replaced when not effective . In most clans the eldest son inherited the office of his father . In some clans the office was left to the oldest brother of the deceased chief , and after his death again the next oldest brother . This repeated until the last brother died . Next was the eldest son of the original chieftain ; then the oldest one of the brothers as the leader . The chief was surrounded with a number of trusted friends or advisors , usually relatives like uncles and brothers , rather than influential headmen or personal friends . The degree of the democracy depended on the strength of the chieftain . The more powerful and more influential a chieftain was , the lesser the influence of his people . Although the leader had much power , he was not above the law . He could be criticized both by advisors as well as by his people , and compensation could be demanded . The people were divided into different clans or tribes which had their own functions , laws , and language .
Woodrow Wilson
I was interested to hear him express as his opinion what I had written him some time ago in one of my letters , to the effect that if Germany won it would change the course of our civilization and make the United States a military nation . He also spoke of his deep regret , as indeed I did to him in that same letter , that it would check his policy for a better international ethical code . He felt deeply the destruction of Louvain ( in Belgium ) , and I found him as unsympathetic with the German attitude as is the balance of America . He goes even further than I in his condemnation of Germany 's part in this war , and almost allows his feeling to include the German people as a whole rather than the leaders alone . He said German philosophy was essentially selfish and lacking in spirituality . When I spoke of the Kaiser building up the German machine as a means of maintaining peace , he said , `` What a foolish thing it was to create a powder magazine and risk someone 's dropping a spark into it ! '' He thought the war would throw the world back three or four centuries . I did not agree with him . He was particularly scornful of Germany 's disregard of treaty obligations , and was indignant at the German Chancellor 's designation of the Belgian Treaty as being `` only a scrap of paper '' ... But although the personal feeling of the President was with the Allies , he insisted then and for many months after , that this ought not to affect his political attitude , which he intended should be one of strict neutrality . He felt that he owed it to the world to prevent the spreading of the conflagration , that he owed it to the country to save it from the horrors of war .
France–United Kingdom relations
They frequently made stereotypical jokes about each other , and even side by side in war were critical of each other 's tactics . As a Royal Navy officer said to the French corsair Robert Surcouf `` You French fight for money , while we British fight for honour . '' , Surcouf replied `` Sir , a man fights for what he lacks the most . '' According to one story , a French diplomat once said to Lord Palmerston `` If I were not a Frenchman , I should wish to be an Englishman '' ; to which Palmerston replied : `` If I were not an Englishman , I should wish to be an Englishman . '' According to another , upon seeing the disastrous British Charge of the Light Brigade in the Crimean War against Russia , French marshal Pierre Bosquet said ' C'est magnifique , mais ce n'est pas la guerre . ' ( ' It 's magnificent , but it 's not war . ' ) Eventually , relations settled down as the two empires tried to consolidate themselves rather than extend themselves .
Testosterone
Men who watch a sexually explicit movie have an average increase of 35 % in testosterone , peaking at 60 -- 90 minutes after the end of the film , but no increase is seen in men who watch sexually neutral films . Men who watch sexually explicit films also report increased motivation , competitiveness , and decreased exhaustion . A link has also been found between relaxation following sexual arousal and testosterone levels .
Guns N' Roses
Describing why he continued using the Guns N ' Roses name , instead of labeling the upcoming album an ' Axl Rose solo album ' , Rose stated `` It is something I lived by before these guys were in it . And there were other people in Guns n ' Roses before them , you know . I contemplated letting go of that , but it does n't feel right in any way . I am not the person who chose to try to kill it and walked away . It 's not an Axl Rose album , even if it 's what I wanted it to be . Everybody is putting everything they 've got into singing and building . Maybe I 'm helping steer it to what it should be built like . '' Also in the interview , Rose attributed the breakup of the old lineup to drug addictions and ' an effort from inside the band to destroy him ' , stating `` There was an effort to bring me down . It was a king - of - the - mountain thing , '' and that he `` needed to take control to survive '' . Rose also described the dissolution as `` a divorce '' .
How Far I'll Go
To make himself write a song more compelling than `` More '' , Miranda `` went method '' . According to Miranda , he locked himself in his childhood bedroom at his parents ' residence for an entire weekend in order to force his mind back to age 16 ( the same age as Moana in the film ) , a time when he was facing what seemed like an `` impossible distance '' between the reality of his pleasant middle - class childhood which had no connection to show business whatsoever , and his dreams of a career in show business . He was well aware that he was composing the next Disney `` I Want '' song after `` Let It Go '' and that whatever he wrote had to be different from `` Let It Go '' .
United States Postal Service
In July 2011 , the USPS announced a plan to close about 3,700 small post offices . Various representatives in Congress protested , and the Senate passed a bill that would have kept open all post offices farther than 10 miles from the next office . In May 2012 , the service announced it had modified its plan . Instead , rural post offices would remain open with reduced retail hours ( some as little as two hours per day ) unless there was a community preference for a different option . In a survey of rural customers , 20 % preferred the `` Village Post Office '' replacement ( where a nearby private retail store would provide basic mail services with expanded hours ) , 15 % preferred merger with another Post Office , and 11 % preferred expanded rural delivery services . Approximately 40 % of postal revenue already comes from online purchases or private retail partners including Walmart , Staples , Office Depot , Walgreens , Sam 's Club , Costco , and grocery stores . The National Labor Relations Board agreed to hear the American Postal Workers Union 's arguments that these counters should be manned by postal employees who earn far more and have `` a generous package of health and retirement benefits '' . Elimination
Trail of Tears
In the whole scene there was an air of ruin and destruction , something which betrayed a final and irrevocable adieu ; one could n't watch without feeling one 's heart wrung . The Indians were tranquil , but sombre and taciturn . There was one who could speak English and of whom I asked why the Chactas were leaving their country . `` To be free , '' he answered , could never get any other reason out of him . We ... watch the expulsion ... of one of the most celebrated and ancient American peoples . --
History of Kenya
( The Colonial Office in London ruled that ) native interests should come first ; but this proved difficult to apply ( in Kenya ) ... where some 10,000 white settlers , many of them ex-officers of the war , insisted that their interests came before those of the three million natives and 23,000 Indians in the colony , and demanded ' responsible government ' , provided that they alone bore the responsibility . After three years of bitter dispute , provoked not by the natives but by the Indians , vigorously backed by the Government of India , the Colonial Office gave judgment : the interest of the natives was ' paramount ' , and responsible government out of the question , but no drastic change was contemplated -- thus in effect preserving the ascendancy of the settlers . Second
To Kill a Mockingbird
Harper Lee was pleased with the movie , saying : `` In that film the man and the part met ... I 've had many , many offers to turn it into musicals , into TV or stage plays , but I 've always refused . That film was a work of art . '' Peck met Lee 's father , the model for Atticus , before the filming. Lee 's father died before the film 's release , and Lee was so impressed with Peck 's performance that she gave him her father 's pocketwatch , which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for Best Actor . Years later , he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport . When Peck eventually did tell Lee , he said she responded , `` ' Well , it 's only a watch . ' Harper -- she feels deeply , but she 's not a sentimental person about things . '' Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made . Peck 's grandson was named `` Harper '' in her honor .
United States Secret Service
Any of these individuals may decline Secret Service protection except the President , the Vice President ( or other officer next in the order of succession to the Office of President ) , the President - elect , and the Vice President - elect .
On to the Next One
`` On to the Next One '' Single by Jay - Z featuring Swizz Beatz from the album The Blueprint 3 Released December 15 , 2009 ( US -- Mainstream radio ) January 12 , 2010 ( US -- Urban + Rhythmic radio ) April 12 , 2010 ( UK ) Format Digital download Recorded 2009 Studio Roc The Mic Studios , Oven Studios ( New York City , New York ) Genre Alternative hip hop hip hop Length 4 : 16 Label Roc Nation Atlantic Songwriter ( s ) S. Carter K. Dean G. Auge X . De Rosnay J. Chaton Producer ( s ) Swizz Beatz Jay - Z singles chronology `` Empire State Of Mind '' ( 2009 ) `` On to the Next One '' ( 2009 ) `` I Wanna Rock ( The Kings ' G - Mix ) '' ( 2010 ) `` Empire State Of Mind '' ( 2009 ) `` On to the Next One '' ( 2009 ) `` I Wanna Rock ( The Kings ' G - Mix ) '' ( 2010 ) Swizz Beatz singles chronology `` I Can Transform Ya '' ( 2009 ) I Can Transform Ya 2009 `` On to the Next One '' ( 2009 ) On to the Next One2009 `` Fancy '' ( 2010 ) Fancy 2010
Will Horton
Hollywood reporter Greg Hernandez called the wedding `` great , great stuff '' , and said he was `` wiping away tears left and right '' . He confessed , `` I used to get lost in fantasy as a teenager that I would marry a guy '' and explained how his imagined festivities were very much like Will and Sonny 's wedding . He was thrilled that `` with gay marriage becoming legal in a growing number of states '' his fantasy `` can actually come true for young gay people dreaming about that today '' , and he said `` that is why I will be forever grateful to this soap for giving us this episode , this wedding that was filled with love and supportive family and friends . It 's the way it should be and always should have been '' , and he `` loved every minute of it '' . Michael Fairman declared it the `` best wedding '' of 2014 , and praised it for being `` beautifully acted '' , with `` inspired writing '' and `` touching speeches '' , saying `` every time we watch this we need hankies '' .
The Good Cop
About the series , Breckman said , `` Many cop shows feature dark and provocative material : psycho - sexual killers , twisted , grim , flawed detectives . Many address the most controversial issues of the day . I watch a lot of them . God bless ' em all . But the show I want to produce is playful , family - friendly , and a celebration of old - fashioned puzzle - solving . ''
Sinking of the RMS Titanic
'' According to Gracie , who was near the band until that section of deck went under , the tunes played by the band were `` cheerful '' but he did n't recognise any of them , claiming that if they had played ' Nearer , My God , to Thee ' as claimed in the newspaper `` I assuredly should have noticed it and regarded it as a tactless warning of immediate death to us all and one likely to create panic . '' Several survivors who were among the last to leave the ship claimed that the band continued playing until the slope of the deck became too steep for them to stand , Gracie claimed that the band stopped playing at least 30 minutes before the vessel sank . Several witnesses support this account including A.H. Barkworth , a first - class passenger who testified : `` I do not wish to detract from the bravery of anybody , but I might mention that when I first came on deck the band was playing a waltz . The next time I passed where the band was stationed , the members had thrown down their instruments and were not to be seen . ''
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2012 July 7
I 've never understood one thing -- if there is a negative review for , let 's say a movie , and the review says right away to the reader not to see the movie , then why would the reviwer still either not spoil the movie 's ending , or if he does so , place a spoiler warning ? A review saying that a work is so bad that you should never , ever see it and yet explicitly declining to elaborate on the plot or ending , or having a spoiler warning seems strange to me . It would be understandable if it was a positive review and the reviewer was recommending the reader to see the work , but since it 's a negative review , would n't it be logical to spoil the film 's plot right away so that we would never need to see the film ? As it is sometime said , `` I watch it so you do n't have to '' . Narutolovehinata5 15 : 00 , 7 July 2012 ( UTC )
First voyage of James Cook
being now resolv 'd ( sic ) to quit this Country altogether , and to bend my thought towards returning home by such a rout as might Conduce most to the Advantage of the Service I am upon , I consulted with the Officers upon the most Eligible way of putting this in Execution . To return by the way of Cape Horn was what I most wished , because by this rout we should have been able to prove the Existance ( sic ) or Non-Existance ( sic ) of a Southern Continent , which yet remains Doubtfull ( sic ) ; but in order to Ascertain this we must have kept in a higher Latitude in the very Depth of Winter , but the Condition of the Ship , in every respect , was not thought sufficient for such an undertaking . For the same reason the thoughts of proceeding directly to the Cape of Good Hope was laid aside , especially as no discovery of any Moment could be hoped for in that rout . It was therefore resolved to return by way of the East Indies by the following rout : upon Leaving this Coast to steer to the Westward until we fall in with the East Coast of New Holland , and then to follow the direction of that Coast to the Northward , or what other direction it might take us , until we arrive at its Northern extremity ; and if this should be found impracticable , then to Endeavour ( sic ) to fall in with the Land or Islands discovered by Quiros `` .
Andy's Ancestry
`` Andy 's Ancestry '' The Office episode Episode no . Season 9 Episode 3 Directed by David Rogers Written by Jonathan Green Gabe Miller Production code 9003 Original air date October 4 , 2012 Running time 22 minutes Guest appearance ( s ) Randall Park as Steve Episode chronology ← Previous `` Roy 's Wedding '' Next → `` Work Bus '' The Office ( U.S. season 9 ) List of The Office ( U.S. TV series ) episodes
List of films considered the worst
Several of the cast members also lamented their involvement in the film . Despite being the film 's leading actress , Bipasha Basu did not participate in the film 's promotions because she was `` extremely disturbed by the end result '' and stated that `` Humshakals was the worst experience of my life '' . Another cast member , actress Esha Gupta , warned her family to not watch the film . After the release of the film , leading actor Saif Ali Khan lamented that `` I 've been introspecting a lot and will never repeat a mistake that was Humshakals . ''
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
Atahualpa responded only after Hernando Pizarro arrived . He replied with what he had heard from his scouts , saying that Pizarro and his men were killing and enslaving countless numbers on the coast . Pizarro denied the report and Atahualpa , with limited information , reluctantly let the matter go . At the end of their meeting , the men agreed to meet the next day at Cajamarca .
Send In the Clowns
I get a lot of letters over the years asking what the title means and what the song 's about ; I never thought it would be in any way esoteric . I wanted to use theatrical imagery in the song , because she 's an actress , but it 's not supposed to be a circus ( ... ) ( I ) t 's a theater reference meaning `` if the show is n't going well , let 's send in the clowns '' ; in other words , `` let 's do the jokes . '' I always want to know , when I 'm writing a song , what the end is going to be , so `` Send in the Clowns '' did n't settle in until I got the notion , `` Do n't bother , they 're here '' , which means that `` We are the fools . ''
Call of Duty: WWII
Call of Duty : World War II is the second game in the Call of Duty franchise developed by Sledgehammer Games , and the third to benefit under publisher Activision 's three - year development cycle ( the first being Sledgehammer 's Call of Duty : Advanced Warfare ) in order for a longer development time for each game . A modern Call of Duty title set in World War II was alluded to in a 2014 Call of Duty : Advanced Warfare launch interview with Michael Condrey , co-founder of Sledgehammer Games . In the interview by Metro , the interviewer asked him what the possibilities of where the next Call of Duty could go in terms of setting . Condrey responded , `` Well , no . It 's curious . I can only answer from my own personal tastes , this is my own personal opinion . But some of my favorite pieces of entertainment are set in World War II . Band of Brothers , I 'm a massive fan of Band of Brothers . '' Condrey then dived further into the subject , `` And that 's a great hero 's war , kind of the last that was recognised as a noble cause in a war . So yeah , I think a next generation game with the latest production values and robustness in a World War II setting like Band of Brothers would be amazing . Now , how would it play and how would the multiplayer work after the new movement set in Advanced Warfare ? That 's a tougher question than I 've had to tackle yet ... '' .
Waltham Watch Company
In 1959 , the Waltham Watch Company merged with the Hallmark Watch Company , giving the new company access to replacement parts to service existing Waltham watch owners . The company came under much scrutiny by the Federal Trade Commission throughout the 1960s , and ultimately was forced to change its advertising and branding policies to clearly indicate that it was not directly related to the original Waltham company , and that its products were not made in America .
Cristina Yang
On the creation of Yang , Shonda Rhimes said the character contained `` a little bit of ( her ) personality '' . Speaking with talk show host Oprah Winfrey , Rhimes said : `` Cristina was second , simply because she 's the kind of woman I know really well , and I like her . There 's something interesting about a person who is that driven , a little bit emotionally disconnected but still a caring , sweet , and smart individual you could be friends with . '' Sandra Oh , initially auditioned for the character of Bailey , adding : `` Thank God I did not get that part '' , explaining the show would not be the same without fellow cast member , Wilson . Discussing casting Oh as Yang , Rhimes said : `` She brought this energy that felt very fresh . From the beginning , I 've been shaping Cristina around Sandra a little bit . One of my favorite things to do is take as much of her dialogue out of a scene as possible because she does so much nonverbally . Then I just watch what she manages to do without having a word to say . ''
Democracy
The theory of aggregative democracy claims that the aim of the democratic processes is to solicit citizens ' preferences and aggregate them together to determine what social policies society should adopt . Therefore , proponents of this view hold that democratic participation should primarily focus on voting , where the policy with the most votes gets implemented .