vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
History of immigration to the United States
Between 1840 and 1930 , about 900,000 French Canadians left Quebec in order to immigrate to the United States and settle , mainly in New England . Considering the fact that the population of Quebec was only 892,061 in 1851 , this was a massive exodus . 13.6 million Americans claimed to have French ancestry in the 1980 census . A large portion of them have ancestors who emigrated from French Canada , since immigration from France was low throughout the history of the United States . During the same period almost 4 million other Canadians immigrated to the U.S. In the New England states 12 % of the population can trace its ancestry back to Quebec and 10 % can trace its ancestry back to the Maritime Provinces .
Ben & Jerry's
On March 13 , 2012 , Ben & Jerry 's announced it would be changing the name of one of its ice cream flavours in the UK in support of equal marriage rights for same - sex couples . `` Oh ! My ! Apple Pie ! '' would become `` Apple - y Ever After '' and tubs would feature a gay couple atop a wedding cake decorated with rainbows .
History of immigration to the United States
In 1950 , the invasion of South Korea by North Korea started the Korean War and left a war - ravaged Korea behind . There was little U.S. immigration due to the national origin quotas of the immigration law . Significant Korean immigration began in 1965 after revision of the law , totaling 848,000 by 2004 .
George Takei
In October 2005 , Takei revealed in an issue of Frontiers magazine that he is gay and had been in a committed relationship with his partner , Brad Altman , for 18 years ; the move was prompted by then California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger 's veto of same - sex marriage legislation . He said , `` It 's not really coming out , which suggests opening a door and stepping through . It 's more like a long , long walk through what began as a narrow corridor that starts to widen . '' Nevertheless , Takei 's sexuality had been an open secret among Star Trek fans since the 1970s , and Takei did not conceal his active membership in LGBT organizations , including Frontrunners , where he developed public friendships with openly gay couples such as Kevin and Don Norte . In an on - air telephone interview with Howard Stern in December 2005 , Takei explained , `` ( We ( gay people ) ) are masculine , we are feminine , we are caring , we are abusive . We are just like straight people , in terms of our outward appearance and our behavior . The only difference is that we are oriented to people of our own gender . '' Takei also described Altman as `` a saint '' for helping to take care of Takei 's terminally ill mother .
United Church of Christ
Same - sex marriage is not supported by some UCC congregations , but it is rapidly gaining ground . Opponents included the Iglesia Evangelica Unida de Puerto Rico ( United Evangelical Church of Puerto Rico ) , three fourths of which voted to withdraw from the UCC after the 2005 General Synod vote . The Biblical Witness Fellowship , a small conservative evangelical organization within the denomination , opposes the denomination 's growing support for same - sex relationships . Apology
Great Migration (African American)
Some people migrated to Canada , enticed by British Columbia Premier James Douglas or by the 1910 immigration campaign by Canada 's Clifford Sifton . Sifton and Citizenship and Immigration Canada did not anticipate that black farmers would file for homesteads in the Canadian Prairies and tried to turn them back . Unable to do so under the law of the time , Sifton and the Canadian government instead sent immigration representatives to US Southern states to deter black farmers from applying and also went on to implement racist immigration policies that were not lifted for decades . In 1962 , following the Canadian Bill of Rights , Canada changed its immigration policy to allow persons of color to migrate to Canada again . Violet King Henry , the first black Canadian woman lawyer , was part of the senior team that changed Canadian policy and was descended from black pioneers to Amber Valley , Alberta , a landmark black community in Canada .
National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
In 2013 , the Grange signed on to a letter to Congress calling for the doubling of legal immigration and legalization for undocumented immigrants currently in the United States . However , this position has been somewhat revised , and the Grange now emphasizes an expansion in the H - 2A visa program to increase legal immigration and address the crisis - level labor shortage in agriculture . They support the enforcement of immigration law but urge discretion with regard to the impact on labor availability .
Baby boom
The baby boom was the result of couples holding off on having children due to the Great Depression and World War II . Once the baby boom began , the average woman started getting married around the age of 20 instead of 22 . Couples were eager to have babies after the war ended because they knew that the world would be a safer place to start a family .
History of Texas
The same year , Mexico enacted the General Colonization Law , which enabled all heads of household , regardless of race or immigrant status , to claim land in Mexico . Mexico had neither manpower nor funds to protect settlers from near - constant Comanche raids and it hoped that getting more settlers into the area could control the raids . The government liberalized its immigration policies , allowing for settlers from the United States to immigrate to Texas .
The Thinning
One year later , Laina 's mother has died and she is helping her younger sister Corrine ( Dimitra Leontidou ) study for her first Thinning test . Blake has become cold and distant towards his father since Ellie 's death . He makes a video explaining that he will purposefully fail his Thinning exam in order to punish his father for what happened to Ellie and to try to get his father to stop supporting The Thinning . Blake drops his tape in the mail , but his father 's agents remove it and have it delivered to him personally . The agents are ordered by Dean Redding to pass Blake regardless of his score . Because Blake and Laina finish the test at the same time , the agents switch Blake 's and Laina 's scores . Laina fails as a result , despite scoring 98 % , and Blake passes with a 15 % . Another student , Sarah Foster ( Ryan Newman ) , knows that she would n't be able to pass the test , so she has sex with her teacher as motivation for him to alter the test . However , her teacher betrays her and ensures she fails so to hide what he did . Sarah fails the test and is led away with Laina and the other students to be thinned .
Equal Rights Amendment
Opponents of the ERA focused on traditional gender roles , such as how men do the fighting in wartime . They argued that the amendment would eliminate the men - only draft requirement and guarantee the possibility that women would be subject to conscription and be required to have military combat roles in future wars if it were passed . Defense of traditional gender roles proved to be a useful tactic . In Illinois , supporters of Phyllis Schlafly , a conservative Republican activist from Illinois , used traditional symbols of the American housewife . They took homemade bread , jams , and apple pies to the state legislators , with the slogans , `` Preserve us from a congressional jam ; Vote against the ERA sham '' and `` I am for Mom and apple pie . '' They appealed to married women by stressing that the amendment would repeal protective laws such as alimony and eliminate the tendency for mothers to obtain custody over their children in divorce cases . It was suggested that single - sex bathrooms would be eliminated and same - sex couples would be able to get married if the amendment were passed . Traditional women started to oppose the ERA . Schlafly said the ERA was designed for the benefit of young career women and warned that if men and women had to be treated identically it would threaten the security of middle - aged housewives with no job skills . They could no longer count on alimony or Social Security . Opponents also argued that men and women were already equal enough with the passage of the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , and that women 's colleges would have to admit men . Her argument that protective laws would be lost resonated with working - class women . Phyllis
Elections in the United States
Changing campaign finance laws is a highly controversial issue . Some reformers wish to see laws changed in order to improve electoral competition and political equality . Opponents wish to see the system stay as it is , whereas other reformers wish even fewer restrictions on the freedom to spend and contribute money . The Supreme Court has made it increasingly difficult for those who wish to regulate election financing , but options like partial public funding of campaigns are still possible and offer the potential to address reformers ' concerns with minimal restrictions on the freedom to contribute .
Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 22)
The couples performed one unlearned dance to celebrate the most memorable year of their lives ; contemporary and waltz are introduced .
Taiga
Large areas of Siberia 's taiga have been harvested for lumber since the collapse of the Soviet Union . Previously , the forest was protected by the restrictions of the Soviet Forest Ministry , but with the collapse of the Union , the restrictions regarding trade with Western nations have vanished . Trees are easy to harvest and sell well , so loggers have begun harvesting Russian taiga evergreen trees for sale to nations previously forbidden by Soviet law .
History of immigration to the United States
From 1880 to 1924 , around two million Jews moved to the United States , mostly seeking better opportunity in America and fleeing the pogroms of the Russian Empire . After 1934 Jews , along with any other above - quota immigration , were usually denied access to the United States .
Sex offender
Some sex offenders are deemed too dangerous to society to be released , and are subjected to civil confinement -- indefinite continuing incarceration , which is supposed to , but does not always , provide treatment to the offender .
Gun laws in the United States by state
Permits are valid statewide , provided the license - holder complies with restrictions ( if any ) imposed by the issuing authority . Open carry permitted ? No Yes An individual with a Class A unrestricted license to carry firearms ( LTC - A ) does not have to conceal a handgun in public . Moreover , in 2013 , the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that the holder of a LTC - A license is not responsible for alarm caused by licensed carry of a handgun , and that a permit can not be revoked for suitability purposes under these circumstances . If police demand to see the permit , it must be produced , per G.L. c. 140 , § 129 ( c ) . Failure to produce a LTC upon demand by law enforcement is probable cause for arrest . Open carry of long guns is prohibited , except while hunting . State preemption of local restrictions ? No No There is limited preemption for some laws . Assault weapon law ? Yes Yes A two point `` banned features '' system is what defines an assault weapon . These assault weapons are prohibited unless lawfully owned on or prior to September 13 , 1994 . Firearms that do not have two or more `` banned features '' are legal to purchase with an LTC or in some cases a standard FID so long as magazine restrictions are followed to what your license allows . Magazine Capacity Restriction ? Yes Yes MA Ch. 140 Sec. 121 Illegal to possess magazines of over 10 rounds capacity . Pre-ban magazines manufactured before September 13 , 1994 are exempt from this restriction . NFA weapons restricted ? Yes Yes MA Ch. 140 Sec. 131 Suppressors are restricted only for law enforcement or licensed manufacturers . Some destructive devices are banned at the state level , while others are banned at a local level . DD 's can be completely illegal or legal depending on what town you live in . SBR 's , SBS 's , and AOW 's are allowed with proper approval from the ATF . A machine gun license is required to possess a machine gun . Background checks required for private sales ? Yes Yes MA Ch. 140 Sec .
Fundamental rights in India
The constitution also imposes restrictions on these rights . The government restricts these freedoms in the interest of the independence , sovereignty and integrity of India . In the interest of morality and public order , the government can also impose restrictions . However , the right to life and personal liberty can not be suspended . The six freedoms are also automatically suspended or have restrictions imposed on them during a state of emergency .
History of immigration to the United States
The 1910s marked the high point of Italian immigration to the United States . Over two million Italians immigrated in those years , with a total of 5.3 million between 1880 and 1920 . About half returned to Italy , after working an average of five years in the U.S.
Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 22)
The couples performed one unlearned dance to a song from a Disney film ; jazz and Viennese Waltz are introduced .
Health care in the United States
The AMA has also aggressively lobbied for many restrictions that require doctors to carry out operations that might be carried out by cheaper workforce . For example , in 1995 , 36 states banned or restricted midwifery even though it delivers equally safe care to that by doctors. . The regulation lobbied by the AMA has decreased the amount and quality of health care , according to the consensus of economist : the restrictions do not add to quality , they decrease the supply of care . Moreover , psychologists , nurses and pharmacists are not allowed to prescribe medicines . Previously nurses were not even allowed to vaccinate the patients without direct supervision by doctors .
The Tortilla Curtain
The two couples ' paths cross unexpectedly when Cándido is hit and injured by Delaney , who is driving his car along the suburban roads near his home . For different reasons , each man prefers not to call the police or an ambulance . Cándido is afraid of being deported and Delaney is afraid of ruining his perfect driving record . Delaney soothes his conscience by giving Cándido `` $20 blood money , '' explaining to Kyra that `` He 's a Mexican . '' From that moment on , the lives of the two couples are constantly influenced by the others .
Cakewalk
However , it was at one of these balls that I first saw the cake - walk . There was a contest for a gold watch , to be awarded to the hotel head - waiter receiving the greatest number of votes . There was some dancing while the votes were being counted . Then the floor was cleared for the cake - walk . A half - dozen guests from some of the hotels took seats on the stage to act as judges , and twelve or fourteen couples began to walk for a sure enough , highly decorated cake , which was in plain evidence . The spectators crowded about the space reserved for the contestants and watched them with interest and excitement . The couples did not walk round in a circle , but in a square , with the men on the inside . The fine points to be considered were the bearing of the men , the precision with which they turned the corners , the grace of the women , and the ease with which they swung around the pivots . The men walked with stately and soldierly step , and the women with considerable grace . The judges arrived at their decision by a process of elimination . The music and the walk continued for some minutes ; then both were stopped while the judges conferred ; when the walk began again , several couples were left out . In this way the contest was finally narrowed down to three or four couples . Then the excitement became intense ; there was much partisan cheering as one couple or another would execute a turn in extra elegant style . When the cake was finally awarded , the spectators were about evenly divided between those who cheered the winners and those who muttered about the unfairness of the judges . This was the cake - walk in its original form , and it is what the colored performers on the theatrical stage developed into the prancing movements now known all over the world , and which some Parisian critics pronounced the acme of poetic motion . --
History of immigration to the United States
Over two million Central Europeans , mainly Catholics and Jews , immigrated between 1880 and 1924 . People of Polish ancestry are the largest Central European ancestry group in the United States after Germans . Immigration of Eastern Orthodox ethnic groups was much lower .
Ellis Island
Between 1905 and 1914 , an average of one million immigrants per year arrived in the United States . Immigration officials reviewed about 5,000 immigrants per day during peak times at Ellis Island . Two - thirds of those individuals emigrated from eastern , southern and central Europe . The peak year for immigration at Ellis Island was 1907 , with 1,004,756 immigrants processed . The all - time daily high occurred on April 17 , 1907 , when 11,747 immigrants arrived . After the Immigration Act of 1924 was passed , which greatly restricted immigration and allowed processing at overseas embassies , the only immigrants to pass through the station were those who had problems with their immigration paperwork , displaced persons , and war refugees . Today , over 100 million Americans -- about one - third to forty percent of the population of the United States -- can trace their ancestry to the immigrants who first arrived in America at Ellis Island before dispersing to points all over the country .
Saudi Arabia
The religious police , known as the mutawa , impose many restrictions on women in public in Saudi Arabia . The restrictions include forcing women to sit in separate specially designated family sections in restaurants , to wear an abaya and to cover their hair .
United States free speech exceptions
Along with communicative restrictions , less protection is afforded for uninhibited speech when the government acts as subsidizer or speaker , is an employer , controls education , or regulates the mail , airwaves , legal bar , military , prisons , and immigration .
History of immigration to the United States
Nearly all population growth up to 1830 was by internal increase ; around 98 % of the population was native - born . By 1850 , this shifted to about 90 % native - born . The first significant Catholic immigration started in the mid-1840s , shifting the population from about 95 % Protestant down to about 90 % by 1850 .
Driver's licenses in the United States
Unrestricted Licenses are driver 's licenses that most American drivers have in order to drive . Various states differ on what class they utilize to distinguish between a typical driver 's license and special licenses , such as restricted , chauffeur , or motorcycle licenses . For instance , Tennessee designates Class D as a regular driver 's license , while Class M is a motorcycle license and Class H is a hardship license ( see below ) . Hardship licenses for minors are driver 's licenses that are restricted to drivers between 14 and 15 ( sometimes up to 18 ) years old who need to drive to and from home and school due to serious hardships , e.g. the driver 's family has financial or medical problems ; the driver needs to get to work or school and has no other practical way of getting to work or school . A hardship license for minors is distinct from hardship licenses granted for drivers with revoked or suspended licenses . The table below includes states that provide hardship licenses for minors . Provisional Licenses are functionally the same as a driver 's license , but are typically issued to new drivers under the age of 18 , i.e. 14 -- 17 years old . Almost all states , with the exception of South Dakota , have some form of a graduated licensing provision ; however , the actual restrictions and the length of time a new driver must adhere to them vary widely by state . Restrictions frequently include : A curfew , after which night driving is not permitted ( unless 18 years of age , or if the individual has completed an online course ) without an adult present ( typically 11 p.m. , like Pennsylvania , or 1 a.m. , like Wisconsin ) . However , some states ( e.g. North Carolina ) have curfews as early as 9 p.m. Some states such as New York provide exceptions for special situations , such as driving home from work or school functions , picking up family members , or for medical appointments , while others such as Massachusetts do not . Restrictions on the number of passengers under a specific age present in the vehicle . For example , in California , minors may not transport people under age 20 for the first 365 days of licensure unless said passengers are family members ( brother , sister , cousin , niece , nephew , or anyone who is 21 or had their license for 1 year or longer etc . ) .
One-child policy
Some parents may over-indulge their only child . The media referred to the indulged children in one - child families as `` little emperors '' . Since the 1990s , some people have worried that this will result in a higher tendency toward poor social communication and cooperation skills amongst the new generation , as they have no siblings at home . No social studies have investigated the ratio of these over-indulged children and to what extent they are indulged . With the first generation of children born under the policy ( which initially became a requirement for most couples with first children born starting in 1979 and extending into the 1980s ) reaching adulthood , such worries were reduced .
Ellis Island
A myth persists that government officials on Ellis Island compelled immigrants to take new names against their wishes . In fact , no historical records bear this out . Immigration inspectors used the passenger lists given to them by the steamship companies to process each foreigner . These were the sole immigration records for entering the country and were prepared not by the U.S. Bureau of Immigration but by steamship companies such as the Cunard Line , the White Star Line , the North German Lloyd Line , the Hamburg - Amerika Line , the Italian Steam Navigation Company , the Red Star Line , the Holland America Line , and the Austro - American Line . The Americanization of many immigrant families ' surnames was for the most part adopted by the family after the immigration process , or by the second or third generation of the family after some assimilation into American culture . However , many last names were altered slightly due to the disparity between English and other languages in the pronunciation of certain letters of the alphabet .
Republican Party (United States)
Republicans are divided on how to confront illegal immigration between a platform that allows for migrant workers and a path to citizenship ( supported by establishment types ) , versus a position focused on securing the border and deporting illegal immigrants ( supported by populists ) . In 2006 , the White House supported and Republican - led Senate passed comprehensive immigration reform that would eventually allow millions of illegal immigrants to become citizens , but the House ( also led by Republicans ) did not advance the bill .
Dan Humphrey
Serena goes to apologize to Ms. Carr while admitting regretfully that she was the one who gave the photo to Blair . Later Dan visits Ms. Carr and starts to apologize for how things went down but then she kisses him . Dan , at first , is surprised at her actions . Ms. Carr points out that she does n't teach at Constance anymore so there is no student - teacher relationship . So Dan obliges and they have sex in the dark of the room . Even though Rachel is reinstated , she and Dan have sex again before the school play . Dan then discovers she has used things he told her to humiliate Serena and Blair on Gossip Girl , as well as blocking Blair 's application to Yale . He tells the girls what has been going on and Rachel leaves the school .