vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Roosevelt 's home in Hyde Park is now a National Historic Site and home to his Presidential library . Washington D.C. , hosts two memorials to the former president . The largest , the 7.50 - acre Roosevelt Memorial , is located next to the Jefferson Memorial on the Tidal Basin . A much more modest memorial , a block of marble in front of the National Archives building , was erected in 1965 . Roosevelt 's leadership in the March of Dimes is one reason he is commemorated on the American dime . Roosevelt has also appeared on several U.S. Postage stamps .
Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt
Numerous allies and appointees turned against Roosevelt , such as Vice President John Nance Garner , Brain truster Raymond Moley , Postmaster General James A. Farley and Ambassador Joseph Kennedy . Outside the administration prominent supporters who turned against Roosevelt included journalists Walter Lippmann and Frank Kent . Newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst was a major Roosevelt supporter in 1932 , but turned his nationwide media chain against Roosevelt starting in 1934 . Historian Charles A. Beard had supported Roosevelt in 1932 , but he became the leader of isolationist intellectuals who opposed his foreign policy after 1937 . Roosevelt in the 1920s had been closely associated with Al Smith , the governor of New York . Roosevelt defeated Smith for the 1932 nomination and Smith became the leader of the Liberty League of prominent businessmen opposing the New Deal . After Pearl Harbor , Roosevelt rejected the possibility of major war jobs for any of these men except Lewis Douglas and Dean Acheson . Some appointees privately turned against the New Deal , but they kept quiet and stayed in the jobs , such as ambassador Claude Bowers .
Hippocampus
Psychologists and neuroscientists generally agree that the hippocampus plays an important role in the formation of new memories about experienced events ( episodic or autobiographical memory ) . Part of this function is hippocampal involvement in the detection of new events , places and stimuli . Some researchers regard the hippocampus as part of a larger medial temporal lobe memory system responsible for general declarative memory ( memories that can be explicitly verbalized -- these would include , for example , memory for facts in addition to episodic memory ) . The hippocampus also encodes emotional context from the amygdala . This is partly why returning to a location where an emotional event occurred may evoke that emotion . There is a deep emotional connection between episodic memories and places .
Right-to-work law
The National Labor Relations Act , generally known as the Wagner Act , was passed in 1935 as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's `` Second New Deal . '' Among other things , the Act provided that a company could lawfully agree to be any of the following :
Franklin D. Roosevelt
While some Democrats had opposed Roosevelt 's nomination in 1940 , the president faced little difficulty in securing his re-nomination at the 1944 Democratic National Convention . Roosevelt made it clear before the convention that he was seeking another term , and on the lone presidential ballot of the convention Roosevelt won the vast majority of delegates , although a minority of Southern Democrats voted for Harry F. Byrd . Party leaders prevailed upon Roosevelt to drop Vice President Wallace from the ticket , believing him to be an electoral liability and a poor potential successor in case of Roosevelt 's death . Roosevelt preferred Byrnes as Wallace 's replacement but was convinced to support Senator Harry S. Truman of Missouri , who had earned renown for his investigation of war production inefficiency and was acceptable to the various factions of the party . On the second vice presidential ballot of the convention , Truman defeated Wallace to win the nomination .
Battle of Mogadishu (1993)
On 26 September 2006 , in an interview on Fox News with Chris Wallace , former President Bill Clinton gave his version of events surrounding the mission in Somalia . Clinton defended his exit strategy for U.S. forces and denied that the departure was premature . He said conservative Republicans had pushed him to leave the region before the operation 's objectives could be achieved : `` ... ( Conservative Republicans ) were all trying to get me to withdraw from Somalia in 1993 the next day after we were involved in ' Black Hawk down , ' and I refused to do it and stayed six months and had an orderly transfer to the United Nations . ''
A Series of Unfortunate Events
In 2008 , Daniel Handler stated in a Bookslut Interview that another film was in the works , but had been delayed by corporate shake - ups at Paramount Pictures . In June 2009 , Silberling confirmed he still talked about the project with Handler , and suggested the sequel be a stop motion film because the lead actors have grown too old . `` In an odd way , the best thing you could do is actually have Lemony Snicket say to the audience , ' Okay , we pawned the first film off as a mere dramatization with actors . Now I 'm afraid I 'm going to have to show you the real thing . ' ''
History of the Supreme Court of the United States
Soon after the proposal of the court - packing plan , however , the Supreme Court ended the trend that had prevailed since Lochner . Justice Roberts , who had previously voted with the conservative bloc in invalidating New Deal legislation , began to vote on the opposite side . Roberts ' decision spelled the end of the Lochner era and has been dubbed the `` switch in time that saved nine . '' As the Horsemen retired , Roosevelt , the longest - serving President in history , availed repeatedly of opportunity to replace them with more liberal Justices . After Hughes retired , Stone -- The last remaining `` Musketeer '' -- was appointed by Roosevelt to be elevated to the position of Chief Justice . In 1945 , eight of the nine sitting Justices had been appointed by President Roosevelt , the sole exception being Owen Roberts .
Rough Riders Memorial
The Rough Rider Monument Society planned to have the names of members of the regiment inscribed on the monument as they died , and established a self - sustaining fund to pay for this . The raising of money for the inscription fund continued long after the memorial 's dedication . The monument society owed more than $1,000 ( $26,264 in 2017 dollars ) for construction of the memorial . Another display of military horsemanship by the 13th Cavalry and 4th Field Artillery Battery occurred in December 1907 . President Roosevelt donated $100 ( $2,724 in 2017 dollars ) at the event to help dissipate the debt . Another memorial fund - raiser , also attended by President Roosevelt , was held in April 1908 .
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Roosevelt grew up in a wealthy family . His father , James Roosevelt I , graduated from Harvard Law School in 1851 , but chose not to practice law after receiving an inheritance from his grandfather , James Roosevelt . Roosevelt 's father was a prominent Bourbon Democrat who once took Franklin to meet President Grover Cleveland in the White House . Sara was the dominant influence in Franklin 's early years . She once declared , `` My son Franklin is a Delano , not a Roosevelt at all . '' James , who was 54 when Franklin was born , was considered by some as a remote father , though biographer James MacGregor Burns indicates James interacted with his son more than was typical at the time . Frequent trips to Europe -- he made his first excursion at the age of two and went with his parents every year from the ages of seven to fifteen -- helped Roosevelt become conversant in German and French . He learned to ride , shoot , row , and play polo and lawn tennis . He took up golf in his teen years , becoming a skilled long hitter . He learned to sail and when he was 16 , his father gave him a sailboat .
Rough Riders Memorial
With only 25,000 men in the United States Army but more than 100,000 needed to prosecute the war , Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt convinced Secretary of War Russell A. Alger that he could raise an all - volunteer force of 1,000 men and form a cavalry regiment . Alger offered Roosevelt a commission in the Army as a full colonel in command of a regular regiment , but Roosevelt declined . Alger agreed to Roosevelt 's volunteer scheme , and Roosevelt resigned his post on May 6 , 1898 . Roosevelt was commissioned a lieutenant colonel of volunteers and declined command of the regiment ( due to his military inexperience ) in favor of his friend , Colonel Leonard Wood . Although formally named the `` 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry '' , the press nicknamed the regiment the `` Rough Riders '' because most of the men were cowboys , frontiersmen , railroad workers , Native Americans , and similar `` rough '' people from the West .
Axis powers
Collaborationist armed formations forces were involved , either directly or indirectly , in the mass killings of Jews , Roma and those Serbs who sided with any anti-German resistance or were suspects of being a member of such . These forces were also responsible for the killings of many Croats and Muslims ; however , some Croats who took refuge in Nedić 's Serbia were not discriminated against . After the war , the Serbian involvement in many of these events and the issue of Serbian collaboration were subject to historical revisionism by later public figures .
Vietnam War
More than 3 million Americans served in the Vietnam War , some 1.5 million of whom actually saw combat in Vietnam . James E. Westheider wrote that `` At the height of American involvement in 1968 , for example , there were 543,000 American military personnel in Vietnam , but only 80,000 were considered combat troops . '' Conscription in the United States had been controlled by the president since World War II , but ended in 1973 .
United States presidential inauguration
Unlike his predecessor , when Theodore Roosevelt took his oath of office in 1905 , he found the previous presidential medal unacceptable . As an art lover and admirer of the ancient Greek high - relief coins , Roosevelt wanted more than a simple medal -- he wanted a work of art . To achieve this goal , the president hired Augustus Saint - Gaudens , a famous American sculptor , to design and create his inauguration medal . Saint - Gaudens 's obsession with perfection resulted in a forestalled release and the medals were distributed after the actual inauguration . Nonetheless , President Roosevelt was very pleased with the result . Saint Gardens ' design , executed by Adolph A. Weinman , was cast by Tiffany & Company and was proclaimed an artistic triumph . Saint - Gaudens ' practice of creating a portrait sculpture of the newly elected president is still used today in presidential medal creation . After the president sits for the sculptor , the resulting clay sketch is turned into a life mask and plaster model . Finishing touches are added and the epoxy cast that is created is used to produce the die cuts . The die cuts are then used to strike the president 's portrait on each medal .
Iliad
Although the story covers only a few weeks in the final year of the war , the Iliad mentions or alludes to many of the Greek legends about the siege ; the earlier events , such as the gathering of warriors for the siege , the cause of the war , and related concerns tend to appear near the beginning . Then the epic narrative takes up events prophesied for the future , such as Achilles ' imminent death and the fall of Troy , although the narrative ends before these events take place . However , as these events are prefigured and alluded to more and more vividly , when it reaches an end the poem has told a more or less complete tale of the Trojan War .
Happy Birthday to You
In the European Union , copyright lasts for the life of the author ( s ) plus 70 years ; since Patty Hill ( the last surviving author ) died in 1946 , the copyright in these countries expired on January 1 , 2017 .
Kennedy family
P.J. and Mary Augusta Hickey , were the parents of four children . Their oldest was Joseph Patrick `` Joe '' Kennedy Sr. , who amassed a fortune in banking and securities trading , which he further expanded by investing in other growing industries . Joseph Sr. was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission , chairman of the Maritime Commission , and U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom in the lead - up to World War II . He served on The Hoover Commission , officially named the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government , from 1947 -- 1949 ; the commission was appointed by President Harry S Truman to recommend administrative changes in the federal government .
A Series of Unfortunate Events
Lemony Snicket 's All the Wrong Questions is a four - part young adult series focused on Snicket 's childhood working for V.F.D. It is set in the same universe as A Series of Unfortunate Events and features several of the same characters and locations . The first book was titled Who Could That Be at This Hour ? , and was released in October 2012 . The second , When Did You See Her Last ? , was released in October 2013 , and the third , Should n't You Be in School ? , was released in September 2014 . The final book , Why Is This Night Different from All Other Nights ? was released on September 29 , 2015 .
Conscription in the United States
In 1917 the administration of President Woodrow Wilson decided to rely primarily on conscription , rather than voluntary enlistment , to raise military manpower for World War I when only 73,000 volunteers enlisted out of the initial 1 million target in the first six weeks of the war . One claimed motivation was to head off the former President , Theodore Roosevelt , who proposed to raise a volunteer division , which would upstage Wilson ; however , there is no evidence that even Roosevelt had the popularity to overcome the unpopular war , and also , since Wilson had just started his second term in office the former President 's prospects for substantial political gain would seem dubious .
History of the Supreme Court of the United States
As a result , The Court continued to enforce a Federal laissez - faire approach , overturning many of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal programs , which were designed to combat the Great Depression , by 5 -- 4 margins . Most notably , the National Industrial Recovery Act was overturned in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States ( 1935 ) , and the Agricultural Adjustment Act was struck down in United States v. Butler ( 1936 ) . In response , President Roosevelt proposed the Judiciary Reorganization Bill ( called the `` court - packing bill '' by its opponents ) , which would have increased the size of the Supreme Court and permitted the appointment of additional ( presumably pro-New Deal ) Justices . The bill , however , had many opponents , including Roosevelt 's own Vice President John Nance Garner , and was defeated in Congress .
Yosemite National Park
Muir and his Sierra Club continued to lobby the government and influential people for the creation of a unified Yosemite National Park . In May 1903 , President Theodore Roosevelt camped with Muir near Glacier Point for three days . On that trip , Muir convinced Roosevelt to take control of Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove away from California and return it to the federal government . In 1906 , Roosevelt signed a bill that did precisely that .
New Deal
The initial perception of the New Deal was mixed . On the one hand , the eyes of the world were upon the United States because many democrats in Europe and the United States saw in Roosevelt  ́ s reform program a positive counterweight to the seductive powers of the two great alternative systems , communism and fascism . As the historian Isaiah Berlin wrote in 1955 : `` The only light in the darkness was the administration of Mr. Roosevelt and the New Deal in the United States '' .
Phil Hartman
Hartman first performed his Clinton impression on an episode of The Tonight Show . When he met Clinton in 1993 Hartman remarked , `` I guess I owe you a few apologies '' , adding later that he `` sometimes ( felt ) a twinge of guilt about ( his Clinton impression ) '' . Clinton showed good humor and sent Hartman a signed photo with the text : `` You 're not the president , but you play one on TV . And you 're OK , mostly . '' For his Clinton impression , Hartman copied the president 's `` post-nasal drip '' and the `` slight scratchiness '' in his voice , as well as his open , `` less intimidating '' hand gestures . Hartman opted against wearing a larger prosthetic nose when portraying Clinton , as he felt it would be distracting . He instead wore a wig , dyed his eyebrows brighter and used makeup to highlight his nose . One of Hartman 's more famous sketches as Clinton saw the president visit a McDonald 's restaurant and explain his policies by eating other customers ' food . The writers told him that he was not eating enough during rehearsals for the sketch -- by the end of the live performance , Hartman had eaten so much he could barely speak . Hartman
Franklin D. Roosevelt
At the July 1940 Democratic Convention in Chicago , Roosevelt easily swept aside challenges from Farley and Vice President Garner , who had turned against Roosevelt in his second term because of his liberal economic and social policies . To replace Garner on the ticket , Roosevelt turned to Secretary of Agriculture Henry Wallace of Iowa , a former Republican who strongly supported the New Deal and was popular in farm states . The choice was strenuously opposed by many of the party 's conservatives , who felt Wallace was too radical and `` eccentric '' in his private life to be an effective running mate . But Roosevelt insisted that without Wallace on the ticket he would decline re-nomination , and Wallace won the vice-presidential nomination , defeating Speaker of the House William B. Bankhead and other candidates .
Franklin D. Roosevelt
As the Democratic Party presidential nominee in the 1928 election , Smith in turn asked Roosevelt to run for governor in the state election . Roosevelt initially resisted the entreaties of Smith and others within the party , as he was reluctant to leave Warm Springs and feared a Republican landslide in 1928 . He agreed to run when party leaders convinced him that only he could defeat the Republican gubernatorial nominee , New York Attorney General Albert Ottinger . Roosevelt won the party 's gubernatorial nomination by acclamation , and he once again turned to Louis Howe to lead his campaign . Roosevelt was also joined on the campaign trail by Samuel Rosenman , Frances Perkins , and James Farley , all of whom would become important political associates . While Smith lost the presidency in a landslide , and was defeated in his home state , Roosevelt was elected governor by a one - percent margin . Roosevelt 's election as governor of the most populous state immediately made him a contender in the next presidential election .
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Despite the increasingly depressing news of the war , many Americans continued to support President Johnson 's endeavors . Aside from the domino theory mentioned above , there was a feeling that the goal of preventing a communist takeover of a pro-Western government in South Vietnam was a noble objective . Many Americans were also concerned about saving face in the event of disengaging from the war or , as President Richard M. Nixon later put it , `` achieving Peace with Honor . '' In addition , instances of Viet Cong atrocities were widely reported , most notably in an article that appeared in Reader 's Digest in 1968 entitled The Blood - Red Hands of Ho Chi Minh .
List of Presidents of the United States who died in office
In his later years at the White House , when Roosevelt was increasingly overworked , his daughter Anna Roosevelt Boettiger had moved in to provide her father companionship and support . Anna had also arranged for her father to meet with his former mistress , the now widowed Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd . A close friend of both Roosevelt and Mercer who was present , Elizabeth Shoumatoff , rushed Mercer away to avoid negative publicity and implications of infidelity . When Eleanor heard about her husband 's death , she was also faced with the news that Anna had been arranging these meetings with Mercer and that Mercer had been with Franklin when he died .
First Battle of Bull Run
Beauregard was considered the Confederate hero of the battle and was promoted that day by C.S. President Davis to full general in the Confederate army . Stonewall Jackson , arguably the most important tactical contributor to the victory , received no special recognition , but would later achieve glory for his 1862 Valley Campaign . Privately , Davis credited Greenhow with ensuring Confederate victory . Jordan sent a telegram to Greenhow : `` Our President and our General direct me to thank you . We rely upon you for further information . The Confederacy owes you a debt . ( Signed ) JORDAN , Adjutant - General . ''
Joshua Tree National Park
On August 10 , 1936 , after Minerva Hoyt and others persuaded the state and federal governments to protect the area , President Franklin D. Roosevelt used the power of the 1906 Antiquities Act to establish Joshua Tree National Monument . It protected about 825,000 acres ( 334,000 ha ) . In 1950 , the size of the park was reduced by about 290,000 acres to open the land to more mining . The park was elevated to a National Park on October 31 , 1994 , by the Desert Protection Act , which also added 234,000 acres to the park .
United States non-interventionism
During the presidency of Barack Obama , some members of the United States federal government , including President Obama and Secretary of State John Kerry , considered intervening militarily in the Syrian Civil War . A poll from late April 2013 found that 62 % of Americans thought that the `` United States has no responsibility to do something about the fighting in Syria between government forces and antigovernment groups , '' with only twenty - five percent disagreeing with that statement . A writer for The New York Times referred to this as `` an isolationist streak , '' a characterization international relations scholar Stephen Walt strongly objected to , calling the description `` sloppy journalism . '' According to Walt , `` the overwhelming majority of people who have doubts about the wisdom of deeper involvement in Syria -- including yours truly -- are not ' isolationist . ' They are merely sensible people who recognize that we may not have vital interests there , that deeper involvement may not lead to a better outcome and could make things worse , and who believe that the last thing the United States needs to do is to get dragged into yet another nasty sectarian fight in the Arab / Islamic world . ''
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
As the war continued the public became much more opposed to the war as they could see was not ending . In a poll from December 1967 , 71 % of the public believed the war would not be settled in 1968 . A year later the same question was asked and 55 % of people did not think the war would be settled in 1969 .
Mesopotamia
Some songs were written for the gods but many were written to describe important events . Although music and songs amused kings , they were also enjoyed by ordinary people who liked to sing and dance in their homes or in the marketplaces . Songs were sung to children who passed them on to their children . Thus songs were passed on through many generations as an oral tradition until writing was more universal . These songs provided a means of passing on through the centuries highly important information about historical events .