vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
This administration focused on fast tracking land acquisition and distribution . It wanted to reduce uncertainties in land market in rural places to help farmers ' efficiency and private investment to grow . It encouraged joint ventures , corporative , contact farming and other marketing arrangements to protect the status of stakeholders and promotion of agri - industrialization . They also improved the databases of the implementing agencies of DAR and DENR to fully record and update the lands covered . Estrada highlighted that there was a need to conceptualize new approaches in doing things to build a new social agreement where producers , government and private sectors work with a common goal .
History of Mexico
The US did not recognize the Huerta government , but from February to August 1913 it imposed an arms embargo on exports to Mexico , exempting the Huerta government and thereby favoring the regime against emerging revolutionary forces . However , President Woodrow Wilson sent a special envoy to Mexico to assess the situation , and reports on the many rebellions in Mexico convinced Wilson that Huerta was unable to maintain order . Arms ceased to flow to Huerta 's government , which benefited the revolutionary cause .
United States home front during World War II
Stress came when sons , husbands , fathers , brothers , and fiancés were drafted and sent to faraway training camps , preparing for a war in which nobody knew how many would be killed . Millions of wives tried to relocate near their husbands ' training camps .
French Revolution
Getting unsatisfactory responses from city officials , as many as 7,000 women joined the march to Versailles , bringing with them cannons and a variety of smaller weapons . Twenty thousand National Guardsmen under the command of Lafayette responded to keep order , and members of the mob stormed the palace , killing several guards . Lafayette ultimately persuaded the king to accede to the demand of the crowd that the monarchy relocate to Paris .
Human rights in the Philippines
The DOJ , through its offices and constituent / attached agencies , is also the government 's legal counsel and representative in litigations and proceedings requiring the services of a Lawyer ; implements the Philippines ' laws on the admission and stay of aliens within its territory ; and provides free legal services to indigent and other qualified citizens . Functions
Gun laws in Wisconsin
In the past , some jurisdictions have tried to prosecute open - carry by equating the open carry of handguns with disorderly conduct . On April 20 , 2009 the Wisconsin Attorney General 's office released a memorandum to all law enforcement agencies stating that mere open carry of a firearm was not disorderly conduct , and instructed both law enforcement and the district attorneys to cease this practice .
Economic history of World War I
Walter Rathenau played the key role in convincing the War Ministry to set up the War Raw Materials Department ( Kriegsrohstoffabteilung -- `` KRA '' ) ; he was in charge of it from August 1914 to March 1915 and established the basic policies and procedures . His senior staff were on loan from industry . KRA focused on raw materials threatened by the British blockade , as well as supplies from occupied Belgium and France . It set prices and regulated the distribution to vital war industries . It began the development of ersatz raw materials . KRA suffered many inefficiencies caused by the complexity and selfishness KRA encountered from commerce , industry , and the government . Some two dozen additional agencies were created dealing with specific products ; the agencies could confiscate supplies and redirect them to the munitions factories . Cartels were created and small firms merged into larger ones for greater efficiency and ease of central control .
Economy of Mexico
The NAAEC agreement was a response to environmentalists ' concerns that companies would relocate to Mexico or the United States would lower its standards if the three countries did not achieve a unanimous regulation on the environment . The NAAEC , in an aim to be more than a set of environmental regulations , established the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation ( NACEC ) , a mechanism for addressing trade and environmental issues , the North American Development Bank ( NADBank ) for assisting and financing investments in pollution reduction and the Border Environmental Cooperation Commission ( BECC ) . The NADBank and the BECC have provided economic benefits to Mexico by financing 36 projects , mostly in the water sector . By complementing NAFTA with the NAAEC , it has been labeled the `` greenest '' trade agreement .
Gun laws in Georgia
State preemption laws prohibit localities from regulating the ownership , transportation , and possession of firearms . Georgia also has a law preventing localities from enacting ordinances or lawsuits to classify gun ranges as nuisances . This means that local parks , offices , etc. of non-Federal government agencies may not prohibit those with a valid Georgia Weapons License from carrying . Federal regulations continue to prohibit carrying weapons on Corps of Engineers and US Postal Service property . Beyond
Portuguese Mozambique
In the 20th century , the province was also subject to the authoritarian Estado Novo regime that ruled Portugal from 1933 to 1974 , until the military coup in Lisbon , known as the Carnation Revolution . Most members of the government of Mozambique were from Portugal , but a few were Africans . Nearly all members of the bureaucracy were from Portugal , as most Africans did not have the necessary qualifications to obtain positions .
Apartheid
During the 1960s , 1970s and early 1980s , the government implemented a policy of `` resettlement '' , to force people to move to their designated `` group areas '' . Millions of people were forced to relocate . These removals included people relocated due to slum clearance programmes , labour tenants on white - owned farms , the inhabitants of the so - called `` black spots '' ( black - owned land surrounded by white farms ) , the families of workers living in townships close to the homelands , and `` surplus people '' from urban areas , including thousands of people from the Western Cape ( which was declared a `` Coloured Labour Preference Area '' ) who were moved to the Transkei and Ciskei homelands . The best - publicised forced removals of the 1950s occurred in Johannesburg , when 60,000 people were moved to the new township of Soweto ( an abbreviation for South Western Townships ) .
Elgin Marbles
the assertion that fulfilling all restitution claims would empty most of the world 's great museums -- this has also caused concerns among other European and American museums , with one potential target being the famous bust of Nefertiti in Berlin 's Neues Museum ; in addition , portions of Parthenon marbles are kept by many other European museums , so the Greeks would then establish a precedent to claim these other artworks ; agreement that Greece could mount no court case , because Elgin was granted permission by what was then Greece 's ruling government and a legal principle of limitation would apply , i.e. , the ability to pursue claims expires after a period of time prescribed by law ;
Scientific method
Researchers sometimes practice scientific data archiving , such as in compliance with the policies of government funding agencies and scientific journals . In these cases , detailed records of their experimental procedures , raw data , statistical analyses and source code can be preserved in order to provide evidence of the methodology and practice of the procedure and assist in any potential future attempts to reproduce the result . These procedural records may also assist in the conception of new experiments to test the hypothesis , and may prove useful to engineers who might examine the potential practical applications of a discovery . Data
Prime Minister of Russia
Despite the presence of the State Duma , the Government was not responsible to Parliament . Although Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin at the beginning of his Premiership , tried to form a coalition government of the largest political organizations , they did not succeed . State Duma nevertheless tried to gain influence on the government , particularly the conflict of the state Duma and the government were evident during the Premiership of Ivan Goremykin .
Central Intelligence Agency
The term `` torture by proxy '' is used by some critics to describe situations in which the CIA and other US agencies have transferred suspected terrorists to countries known to employ torture , whether they meant to enable torture or not . It has been claimed , though , that torture has been employed with the knowledge or acquiescence of US agencies ( a transfer of anyone to anywhere for the purpose of torture is a violation of US law ) , although Condoleezza Rice ( then the United States Secretary of State ) stated that :
Qing dynasty
The Board of Punishments handled all legal matters , including the supervision of various law courts and prisons . The Qing legal framework was relatively weak compared to modern day legal systems , as there was no separation of executive and legislative branches of government . The legal system could be inconsistent , and , at times , arbitrary , because the emperor ruled by decree and had final say on all judicial outcomes . Emperors could ( and did ) overturn judgements of lower courts from time to time . Fairness of treatment was also an issue under the system of control practised by the Manchu government over the Han Chinese majority . To counter these inadequacies and keep the population in line , the Qing government maintained a very harsh penal code towards the Han populace , but it was no more severe than previous Chinese dynasties .
Separation of church and state in the United States
Connecticut had a real establishment of religion . Its citizens did not adopt a constitution at the Revolution , but rather amended their Charter to remove all references to the British Government . As a result , the Congregational Church continued to be established , and Yale College , at that time a Congregational institution , received grants from the State until Connecticut adopted a constitution in 1818 partly because of this issue .
History of Puerto Rico
Governor Ricardo Rosselló is strongly in favor of statehood to help develop the economy and help to `` solve our 500 - year - old colonial dilemma ... Colonialism is not an option ... It 's a civil rights issue ... 3.5 million citizens seeking an absolute democracy , '' he told the news media . Benefits of statehood include an additional $10 billion per year in federal funds , the right to vote in presidential elections , higher Social Security and Medicare benefits , and a right for its government agencies and municipalities to file for bankruptcy . The latter is currently prohibited .
Atlanta
Atlanta played a vital role in the Allied effort during World War II due to the city 's war - related manufacturing companies , railroad network and military bases , leading to rapid population and economic growth . In the 1950s , the city 's newly constructed highway system allowed middle class Atlantans the ability to relocate to the suburbs . As a result , the city began to make up an ever - smaller proportion of the metropolitan area 's population .
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
However , even a government with a healthy majority can on occasion find itself unable to pass legislation . For example , on 9 November 2005 , Tony Blair 's Government was defeated over plans which would have allowed police to detain terror suspects for up to 90 days without charge , and on 31 January 2006 , was defeated over certain aspects of proposals to outlaw religious hatred . On other occasions , the Government alters its proposals to avoid defeat in the Commons , as Tony Blair 's Government did in February 2006 over education reforms .
Model (person)
In 1967 , seven of the top model agents in London formed the Association of London Model Agents . The formation of this association helped legitimize modelling and changed the fashion industry . Even with a more professional attitude towards modelling , models were still expected to have their hair and makeup done before they arrived at a shoot . Meanwhile , agencies took responsibility for a model 's promotional materials and branding . That same year , former top fashion model Wilhelmina Cooper opened up her own fashion agency with her husband called Wilhelmina Models . By 1968 , FM Agency and Models 1 were established and represented models in a similar way that agencies do today . By the late 1960s , models were treated better and were making better wages . One of the innovators , Ford Models , was the first agency to advance models money they were owed and would often allow teen models , who did not live locally , to reside in their house , a precursor to model housing .
Red River War
The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche , Kiowa , Southern Cheyenne , and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory . Lasting only a few months , the war had several army columns crisscross the Texas Panhandle in an effort to locate , harass , and capture highly mobile Indian bands . Most of the engagements were small skirmishes in which neither side suffered many casualties . The war wound down over the last few months of 1874 , as fewer and fewer Indian bands had the strength and supplies to remain in the field . Though the last significantly sized group did not surrender until mid-1875 , the war marked the end of free - roaming Indian populations on the southern Great Plains .
Olympic Games
Currently , the government of Iran has taken steps to avoid any competition between its athletes and those from Israel . An Iranian judoka , Arash Miresmaeili , did not compete in a match against an Israeli during the 2004 Summer Olympics . Although he was officially disqualified for being overweight , Miresmaeli was awarded US $125,000 in prize money by the Iranian government , an amount paid to all Iranian gold medal winners . He was officially cleared of intentionally avoiding the bout , but his receipt of the prize money raised suspicion .
Agriculture in Sudan
Among the transhumant communities of the north , the rights to cultivated land were much the same , but the dominant position of livestock in community activities had introduced certain other communal rights that included common rights to grazing land , the right - of - way to water and grazing land , the right to grass on agricultural land unless the occupier cut and stacked it , and the right to crop residues unless similarly treated . In the western savannas , private ownership of stands of hashab trees could be registered , an exception to the usual government ownership of the forests . But dead wood for domestic fuel and the underlying grass were common property . Water , a matter of greatest importance to stock raisers , was open to all if free standing , but wells that had been dug and the associated drinking troughs were private property and were retained by the digger season after season . In northern Sudan , especially in the western savanna where increasing population and animal numbers have placed pressure on the land , violations of customary laws and conflicts between ethnic groups over land rights have been growing . Resolution of these problems has been attempted by local government agencies but only on a case - by - case basis .
Tom Lehrer
Lehrer has commented that he doubts his songs had any real effect on those not already critical of the establishment : `` I do n't think this kind of thing has an impact on the unconverted , frankly . It 's not even preaching to the converted ; it 's titillating the converted ... I 'm fond of quoting Peter Cook , who talked about the satirical Berlin kabaretts of the 1930s , which did so much to stop the rise of Hitler and prevent the Second World War . ''
Peachtree Road Race
It is estimated that the AJC Peachtree Road Race costs over $1,000,000 , if in - kind contributions are included . The race must pay between $25,000 and $30,000 to government agencies for their costs of supporting the race . T - shirts for runners and volunteers are estimated to cost over $200,000 . The race also pays $25,000 for its timing system and $100,000 for contract labor . The AJC Peachtree Road Race was estimated in 2003 to have an economic impact over $10,000,000 . Profits from the race entry fees and sponsorships are used to fund the Atlanta Track Club .
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
$15 billion : Allowing companies to use current losses to offset profits made in the previous five years , instead of two , making them eligible for tax refunds . $13 billion : to extend tax credits for renewable energy production ( until 2014 ) . $11 billion : Government contractors : Repeal a law that takes effect in 2012 , requiring government agencies to withhold three percent of payments to contractors to help ensure they pay their tax bills . Repealing the law would cost $11 billion over 10 years , in part because the government could not earn interest by holding the money throughout the year . $7 billion : Repeal bank credit : Repeal a Treasury provision that allowed firms that buy money - losing banks to use more of the losses as tax credits to offset the profits of the merged banks for tax purposes . The change would increase taxes on the merged banks by $7 billion over 10 years . $5 billion : Bonus depreciation , which extends a provision allowing businesses buying equipment such as computers to speed up its depreciation through 2009 .
Apartheid
Defining its Asian population , a minority that did not appear to belong to any of the initial three designated non-white groups , was a constant dilemma for the apartheid government .
United States home front during World War II
Posters helped to mobilize the nation . Inexpensive , accessible , and ever - present , the poster was an ideal agent for making war aims the personal mission of every citizen . Government agencies , businesses , and private organizations issued an array of poster images linking the military front with the home front -- calling upon every American to boost production at work and at home . Some resorted to extreme racial and ethnic caricatures of the enemy , sometimes as hopelessly bumbling cartoon characters , sometimes as evil , half - human creatures .
United States Declaration of Independence
I think the authors of that notable instrument intended to include all men , but they did not mean to declare all men equal in all respects . They did not mean to say all men were equal in color , size , intellect , moral development , or social capacity . They defined with tolerable distinctness in what they did consider all men created equal -- equal in `` certain inalienable rights , among which are life , liberty , and the pursuit of happiness . '' This they said , and this they meant . They did not mean to assert the obvious untruth that all were then actually enjoying that equality , or yet that they were about to confer it immediately upon them . In fact , they had no power to confer such a boon . They meant simply to declare the right , so that the enforcement of it might follow as fast as circumstances should permit . They meant to set up a standard maxim for free society which should be familiar to all , constantly looked to , constantly labored for , and even , though never perfectly attained , constantly approximated , and thereby constantly spreading and deepening its influence , and augmenting the happiness and value of life to all people , of all colors , everywhere .
Ecuador
Fruitless negotiations continued between the governments of Bogotá and Quito , where the government of Bogotá did not recognize the separation of Ecuador or that of Cauca from the Gran Colombia until war broke out in May 1832 . In five months , New Granada defeated Ecuador due to the fact that the majority of the Ecuadorian Armed Forces were composed of rebellious angry unpaid veterans from Venezuela and Colombia that did not want to fight against their fellow countrymen . Seeing that his officers were rebelling , mutinying , and changing sides , President Flores had no option but to reluctantly make peace with New Granada . The Treaty of Pasto of 1832 was signed by which the Department of Cauca was turned over to New Granada ( modern Colombia ) , the government of Bogotá recognized Ecuador as an independent country and the border was to follow the Ley de División Territorial de la República de Colombia ( Law of the Division of Territory of the Gran Colombia ) passed on June 25 , 1824 . This law set the border at the river Carchi and the eastern border that stretched to Brazil at the Caquetá river . Later , Ecuador contended that the Republic of Colombia , while reorganizing its government , unlawfully made its eastern border provisional and that Colombia extended its claims south to the Napo River because it said that the Government of Popayán extended its control all the way to the Napo River . Struggle
Southern United States
Northerners came south to participate in politics and business . Some were representatives of the Freedmen 's Bureau and other agencies of Reconstruction ; some were humanitarians with the intent to help black people . Some were adventurers who hoped to benefit themselves by questionable methods . They were all condemned with the pejorative term of carpetbagger . Some Southerners also took advantage of the disrupted environment and made money off various schemes , including bonds and financing for railroads .
Name change
A legal name change is merely the first step in the name - change process . A person must officially register the new name with the appropriate authorities whether the change was made as a result of a court order , marriage , divorce , adoption , or any of the other methods described above . The process includes notifying various government agencies , each of which may require legal proof of the name change and that may or may not charge a fee . Important government agencies to be notified include the Social Security Administration , Bureau of Consular Affairs ( for passports ) , the Federal Communications Commission , the Selective Service System and the Department of Motor Vehicles ( for a new driver 's license , learner permit , state identification card , or vehicular registration ) . Additionally the new name must be registered with other institutions such as employers , banks , doctors , mortgage , insurance and credit card companies . Online services are available to assist in this process either through direct legal assistance or automated form processing .
Timeline of Hurricane Katrina
The emergency declaration provided for federal assistance and funding , as well as assigned , by law , the responsibility for coordinating relief efforts with those government bodies and relief agencies which agree to operate under his advice or direction , to the FEMA federal coordinating officer ( FCO ) . It also provided for military assets and personnel to be deployed in relief and support operations , although the Posse Comitatus Act imposes strict limitations on the use of Active Duty soldiers in law enforcement . 1701 Army National Guard and 932 Air National Guard are deployed ( 2633 total ) .