vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Pier 39
Although the reason for their migration to the pier is unclear , the refurbishing of the docks in September 1989 required the removal of all boats from that area , leaving large open spaces for the sea lions to move into . Once the project was completed , boat owners returned , but did their best to navigate around the sea lions ; no efforts were made to encourage the new guests to leave . By the end of that year , fewer than a dozen sea lions frequented the docks at Pier 39 . By January 1990 , their numbers had increased to 150 animals . Owners of the 11 boats docked there began to complain about having to avoid the animals who can weigh up to half a ton , and odor and noise complaints began to pour in . News coverage caught national attention , and the sea lions began to attract tourists . Advice from The Marine Mammal Center was to abandon the docks to the animals , and to relocate the boats elsewhere . Sea
Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas
The Raiders officially filed paperwork to relocate from Oakland , California , to Las Vegas , Nevada , on January 19 , 2017 . The Raiders needed 24 of the 32 NFL club owners to vote to officially approve the move to Las Vegas .
History of the San Diego Chargers
Immediately after the conclusion of the 2015 season , the Chargers , Rams , and Raiders all filed applications to relocate to Los Angeles . On January 12 , 2016 , the NFL owners voted 30 - 2 to allow the Rams to return to Los Angeles , approving their Inglewood stadium project . The Chargers , however , were given an approval to relocate in one year 's time , under the condition they negotiate a lease or partnership agreement with the Rams . The Chargers registered the trademark , `` Los Angeles Chargers '' . They submitted to the City of Santa Ana the grading and landscape plans for a five acre parcel of land which would serve as an interim headquarters and training facility . The Chargers and Rams came to an agreement in principle on sharing the planned City of Champions Stadium to commence on January 29 , 2016 . The Chargers would contribute a $200 million stadium loan from the NFL and personal seat license fees to the construction costs , and they would pay $1 per year in rent to the Rams .
The O2
In December 2001 , it was announced that Meridian Delta , Ltd. had been chosen by the government to develop the Dome structure , originally the Millennium Dome , as a sports and entertainment centre , and to develop housing , shops and offices on 150 acres ( 0.6 km ) of surrounding land . It is also hoped to relocate some of London 's tertiary education establishments to the site . Meridian Delta is backed by the American billionaire Philip Anschutz , who has interests in oil , railways , and telecommunications , as well as a string of sports - related investments .
History of rail transport in the United States
In addition to freight railroads , Conrail inherited commuter rail operations from several predecessor railroads in the northeast , and these operations continued to be unprofitable . State and local government transportation agencies took over the passenger operations and acquired the various rights - of - way from Conrail in 1983 .
Flint water crisis
On April 6 , 2016 , a class action lawsuit brought by 15 Flint residents accused Governor Snyder and several state agencies and government officials of being in violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act in regards to the crisis .
Rwandan genocide
Throughout April , there were numerous attempts by UNAMIR to establish a ceasefire , but Kagame insisted each time that the RPF would not stop fighting unless the killings stopped . In late April , the RPF secured the whole of the Tanzanian border area and began to move west from Kibungo , to the south of Kigali . They encountered little resistance , except around Kigali and Ruhengeri . By 16 May , they had cut the road between Kigali and Gitarama , the temporary home of the interim government , and by 13 June , had taken Gitarama itself , following an unsuccessful attempt by the Rwandan government forces to reopen the road ; the interim government was forced to relocate to Gisenyi in the far north west . As well as fighting the war , Kagame was recruiting heavily to expand the army . The new recruits included Tutsi survivors of the genocide and refugees from Burundi , but were less well trained and disciplined than the earlier recruits .
Taxation in the United States
Under Article VIII of the Articles of Confederation , the United States government did not have the power to tax . All such power lay with the states . The United States Constitution , adopted in 1787 , authorized the federal government to lay and collect taxes , but required that some types of tax revenues be given to the states in proportion to population . Tariffs were the principal federal tax through the 1800s .
History of advertising
In the 1920s , most advertising was handled by manufacturing companies in - house . Numerous small advertising agencies handled purchase of space in the media , but did not design campaigns or the ads themselves . An important role was played by travelling salesmen in promoting products to wholesalers and retailers and providing feedback from the market to the producer .
United States in World War I
The war came in the midst of the Progressive Era , when efficiency and expertise were highly valued . Therefore , the federal government set up a multitude of temporary agencies with 500,000 to 1,000,000 new employees to bring together the expertise necessary to redirect the economy into the production of munitions and food necessary for the war , as well as for propaganda purposes .
United States antitrust law
Additionally , the federal government also reviews potential mergers to attempt to prevent market concentration . As outlined by the Hart - Scott - Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act , larger companies attempting to merge must first notify the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice 's Antitrust Division prior to consummating a merger . These agencies then review the proposed merger first by defining what the market is and then determining the market concentration using the Herfindahl - Hirschman Index ( HHI ) and each company 's market share . The government looks to avoid allowing a company to develop market power , which if left unchecked could lead to monopoly power .
Supremacy Clause
Congress has preempted state regulation in many areas . In some cases , such as the 1976 Medical Device Regulation Act , Congress preempted all state regulation . In others , such as labels on prescription drugs , Congress allowed federal regulatory agencies to set federal minimum standards , but did not preempt state regulations imposing more stringent standards than those imposed by federal regulators . Where rules or regulations do not clearly state whether or not preemption should apply , the Supreme Court tries to follow lawmakers ' intent , and prefers interpretations that avoid preempting state laws .
Federal Reserve System
All U.S. depository institutions , bank holding companies ( parent companies or U.S. broker - dealer affiliates ) , or U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks were eligible to borrow under this facility pursuant to the discretion of the FRBB .
History of Puerto Rico
In 2006 , Puerto Rico saw its credit rating downgraded to one notch above non-investment grade by the main credit rating agencies , with the possibility of more downgrades happening in the near future . This has led to fiscal measures to reduce government spending , increase revenues and balance the budget , and the implementation in 2006 and expansion in 2013 of a 7 % sales tax .
Public administration
Public administration is `` centrally concerned with the organization of government policies and programs as well as the behavior of officials ( usually non-elected ) formally responsible for their conduct '' . Many unelected public servants can be considered to be public administrators , including heads of city , county , regional , state and federal departments such as municipal budget directors , human resources ( HR ) administrators , city managers , census managers , state mental health directors , and cabinet secretaries . Public administrators are public servants working in public departments and agencies , at all levels of government .
Timeline of Hurricane Katrina
U.S. Army Lieutenant General Russel L. Honoré and New Orleans Director of Homeland Security Terry Ebbert announced a `` zero access '' policy with regards to the media , in order to prevent members of the media from reporting on the recovery of dead bodies in New Orleans . CNN filed a lawsuit , then obtained a temporary restraining order to prevent government agencies from interfering with news coverage of recovery efforts .
House of Commons of Canada
Public Works and Government Services Canada undertook work during the 41st Parliament to determine how the seating arrangement could be modified to accommodate the additional 30 seats added in the 2015 election . Ultimately , new `` theater '' seats were designed , with five seats in a row at one desk , the seats pulling down for use . Such seat sets now comprise almost the entire length of the last two rows on each side of the chamber . Additionally , the current chamber will undergo renovations starting 2018 and relocate during the period of reconstruction to the courtyard of the West Block .
Android (operating system)
As part of the broader 2013 mass surveillance disclosures it was revealed in September 2013 that the American and British intelligence agencies , the National Security Agency ( NSA ) and Government Communications Headquarters ( GCHQ ) , respectively , have access to the user data on iPhone , BlackBerry , and Android devices . They are reportedly able to read almost all smartphone information , including SMS , location , emails , and notes . In January 2014 , further reports revealed the intelligence agencies ' capabilities to intercept the personal information transmitted across the Internet by social networks and other popular applications such as Angry Birds , which collect personal information of their users for advertising and other commercial reasons . GCHQ has , according to The Guardian , a wiki - style guide of different apps and advertising networks , and the different data that can be siphoned from each . Later that week , the Finnish Angry Birds developer Rovio announced that it was reconsidering its relationships with its advertising platforms in the light of these revelations , and called upon the wider industry to do the same .
History of rail transport in the United States
In the early 21st century , several of the railroads , along with the federal government and various port agencies , began to reinvest in freight rail infrastructure , such as intermodal terminals and bridge and tunnel improvements . These projects are designed to increase capacity and efficiency across the national rail network . See Heartland Corridor and National Gateway .
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
In 1975 , the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities , ( known as the `` Church Committee '' ) was established to investigate abuses by the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , National Security Agency ( NSA ) , Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) , and the Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) . In 1975 and 1976 , the Church Committee published 14 reports on various U.S. intelligence agencies ' operations , and a report on the FBI 's COINTELPRO program stated that `` the Fourth Amendment did apply to searches and seizures of conversations and protected all conversations of an individual as to which he had a reasonable expectation of privacy ... At no time , however , were the Justice Department 's standards and procedures ever applied to NSA 's electronic monitoring system and its ' watch listing ' of American citizens . From the early 1960s until 1973 , NSA compiled a list of individuals and organizations , including 1200 American citizens and domestic groups , whose communications were segregated from the mass of communications intercepted by the Agency , transcribed , and frequently disseminated to other agencies for intelligence purposes '' .
Cali Cartel
While the Cali Cartel operated with a degree of immunity early on , due to its ties to the government , and the Medellín Cartel 's narco - terrorism war on the Colombian government , they were still subjected to drug seizures . In 1991 alone , law enforcement agencies seized 67 tons of cocaine , 75 % originating from the Cali Cartel . In total , the US Customs Service ( USCS ) alone had spent 91,855 case hours and 13 years in investigations against the Cali Cartel , seizing 50 tons of cocaine and $15 million in assets .
Adobe Photoshop
The move tool can be used to drag the entirety of a single layer or more if they are selected . Alternatively , once an area of an image is highlighted , the move tool can be used to manually relocate the selected piece to anywhere on the canvas . Marquee
Child labour
The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour ( IPEC ) , founded in 1992 , aims to eliminate child labour . It operates in 88 countries and is the largest program of its kind in the world . IPEC works with international and government agencies , NGOs , the media , and children and their families to end child labour and provide children with education and assistance .
Prague
The city forms the hub of the Czech railway system , with services to all parts of the country and abroad . The railway system links Prague with major European cities ( which can be reached without transfers ) , including Berlin , Munich , Hamburg and Dresden ( Germany ) ; Vienna ( Austria ) ; Warsaw and Cracow ( Poland ) ; Bratislava and Košice ( Slovakia ) ; Budapest ( Hungary ) ; Zürich ( Switzerland ) ; Split ( Croatia ) ; Belgrade ( Serbia ) and Moscow ( Russia ) . Travel times range between 4.5 hours to Berlin and 27 hours to Moscow .
Account planning
It was during the 1990s that account planning grew tremendously within the United States . ( Tran , 1999 ) As of 1995 , planning was `` at a boiling point , spilling into every corner of the advertising landscape . '' ( Goldman , 1995 ) Goldman states : `` Agencies of every description want it or say they have it - even if they do n't know what it is . '' After some of the best agencies in the field added account planning to their list of services , planning became a `` buzz word '' within the field . `` Agencies of all sizes , specialties and philosophies began posting want ads , practically recruiting anyone who was ' related to the discipline . ' ''
Ring of Fire
As well as undertaking basic research , and operating the national geological hazards monitoring network , GNS Science is employed , both in New Zealand and overseas , by various private groups ( notably energy companies ) , as well as central and local government agencies , to provide scientific advice and information .
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
A 2017 study examined the economic and health effects of those relocated in the wake of the disaster in comparison to the danger posed by remaining near the reactor . It concluded that there was no `` economic or scientific grounds '' to justify the decision to relocate the 160,000 nearby residents .
Powers of the President of the United States
Within the executive branch itself , the president has broad powers to manage national affairs and the priorities of the government . The president can issue rules , regulations , and instructions called executive orders , which have the binding force of law upon federal agencies but do not require approval of the United States Congress . Executive orders are subject to judicial review and interpretation .
Caste system in India
In addition to taking affirmative action for people of schedule castes and scheduled tribes , India has expanded its effort to include people from poor , backward castes in its economic and social mainstream . In 1990 , the government reservation of 27 % for Backward Classes on the basis of the Mandal Commission 's recommendations . Since then , India has reserved 27 percent of job opportunities in government - owned enterprises and agencies for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes ( SEBCs ) . The 27 percent reservation is in addition to 22.5 percent set aside for India 's lowest castes for last 50 years .
Agent Orange
The Vietnamese government provides small monthly stipends to more than 200,000 Vietnamese believed affected by the herbicides ; this totaled $40.8 million in 2008 alone . The Vietnam Red Cross has raised more than $22 million to assist the ill or disabled , and several U.S. foundations , United Nations agencies , European governments and nongovernmental organizations have given a total of about $23 million for site cleanup , reforestation , health care and other services to those in need .
National identification number
The CPR number gives government agencies access to state - controlled databases with information about the person . The information includes : The person 's marital status and spouse , parents , children , current and former addresses , the cars the person has owned , the criminal record and other information about the person .
Account planning
Account planning is a job title that exists in most London and UK advertising agencies . Account planning gained an initial foothold in the US in the early 80s but really only evolved to become an essential function is in most mid to large sized agencies in the early 90s .
Sanctuary city
The mayor of Atlanta , Georgia in January 2017 declared the city was a `` welcoming city '' and `` will remain open and welcoming to all '' . This statement was in response to President 's Trump 's executive orders related to `` public safety agencies and the communities they serve '' . Nonetheless , Atlanta does not consider itself to be a `` sanctuary city '' . Illinois
The Rite of Spring
In 1922 Ansermet , who was preparing to perform the work in Berlin , sent to Stravinsky a list of errors he had found in the published score . In 1926 , as part of his preparation for that year 's performance with the Concertgebouw Orchestra , Stravinsky rewrote the `` Evocation of the Ancestors '' section and made substantial changes to the `` Sacrificial Dance '' . The extent of these revisions , together with Ansermet 's recommendations , convinced Stravinsky that a new edition was necessary , and this appeared in large and pocket form in 1929 . It did not , however , incorporate all of Ansermet 's amendments and , confusingly , bore the date and RV code of the 1921 edition , making the new edition hard to identify .
Rwandan genocide
On 9 April , UN observers witnessed the massacre of children at a Polish church in Gikondo . The same day , 1,000 heavily armed and well trained European troops arrived to escort European civilian personnel out of the country . The troops did not stay to assist UNAMIR . Media coverage picked up on the 9th , as the Washington Post reported the execution of Rwandan employees of relief agencies in front of their expatriate colleagues .
Austin, Texas
Initially , the new capital thrived . But Lamar 's political enemy , Sam Houston , used two Mexican army incursions to San Antonio as an excuse to move the government . Sam Houston fought bitterly against Lamar 's decision to establish the capital in such a remote wilderness . The men and women who traveled mainly from Houston to conduct government business were intensely disappointed as well . By 1840 , the population had risen to 856 , of whom nearly half fled from Austin when Congress recessed . The resident Black population listed in January of this same year was 176 . The fear of Austin 's proximity to the Indians and Mexico , which still considered Texas a part of their land , created an immense motive for Sam Houston , the first and third President of the Republic of Texas , to relocate the capital once again in 1841 . Upon threats of Mexican troops in Texas , Houston raided the Land Office to transfer all official documents to Houston for safe keeping in what was later known as the Archive War , but the people of Austin would not allow this unaccompanied decision to be executed . The documents stayed , but the capital would temporarily move from Austin to Houston to Washington - on - the - Brazos . Without the governmental body , Austin 's population declined to a low of only a few hundred people throughout the early 1840s . The voting by the fourth President of the Republic , Anson Jones , and Congress , who reconvened in Austin in 1845 , settled the issue to keep Austin the seat of government as well as annex the Republic of Texas into the United States . Statue
Ottoman–German alliance
However , there was no signature from the House of Osman as the Sultan Mehmed V did not sign it . According to the Constitution , the Sultan was the Commander - in - Chief of the Army , and this made the legitimacy of the Alliance questionable . This meant that the army was not able to fight on behalf of the Sultan . The Sultan himself had wanted the Empire to remain neutral . He did not wish to command a war himself and as such left the Cabinet to do much of his bidding . The third member of the cabinet of the Three Pashas Djemal Pasha also did not sign the treaty as he had tried to form an alliance with France . Not all parts of the Ottoman government accepted the Alliance .
Trent Affair
The Queen ... should have liked to have seen the expression of a hope ( in the message to Seward ) that the American captain did not act under instructions , or , if he did that he misapprehended them ( and ) that the United States government must be fully aware that the British Government could not allow its flag to be insulted , and the security of her mail communications to be placed in jeopardy , and ( that ) Her Majesty 's Government are unwilling to believe that the United States Government intended wantonly to put an insult upon this country and to add to their many distressing complications by forcing a question of dispute upon us , and that we are therefore glad to believe ... that they would spontaneously offer such redress as alone could satisfy this country , viz : the restoration of the unfortunate passengers and a suitable apology .
Bald eagle
The bald eagle appears on most official seals of the U.S. government , including the presidential seal , the presidential flag , and in the logos of many U.S. federal agencies . Between 1916 and 1945 , the presidential flag ( but not the seal ) showed an eagle facing to its left ( the viewer 's right ) , which gave rise to the urban legend that the flag is changed to have the eagle face towards the olive branch in peace , and towards the arrows in wartime .
History of Arkansas
The war began to turn against the Confederates in 1863 , losing at the Battle of Helena despite a coordinated attack by generals Theophilus H. Holmes , Sterling Price , John S. Marmaduke , and James Fleming Fagan . The Siege of Vicksburg concluded as a Union victory the same day , severely compromising the Rebels ' control of the Mississippi River . Later in the year the Union used the post at Helena to capture Little Rock , forcing the Confederate government to relocate to Washington . Despite controlling the state capitol , the Union hold on the state was tenuous . Guerrilla warfare ravaged the countryside and small towns throughout the war . Bands of guerrillas often stole from houses and burned fields wherever the Union or Confederate armies were not present .
History of women in the United States
Stress came when sons , husbands , fathers , brothers , and fiancés were drafted and sent to faraway training camps , preparing for a war in which nobody knew how many would be killed . Millions of wives tried to relocate near their husbands ' training camps .