vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Hurricane Katrina
The death toll from Katrina is uncertain , with reports differing by hundreds . According to the National Hurricane Center , 1,836 fatalities can be attributed to the storm : 1 in Kentucky , 2 each in Alabama , Georgia , and Ohio , 14 in Florida , 238 in Mississippi , and 1,577 in Louisiana . However , 135 people remain categorized as missing in Louisiana , and many of the deaths are indirect , but it is almost impossible to determine the exact cause of some of the fatalities . A 2008 report by the Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness journal indicates that 966 deaths can be directly attributed to the storm in Louisiana , including out of state evacuees , and another 20 indirectly ( such as firearm related deaths and gas poisoning ) . Due to uncertain causes of death with 454 evacuees , an upper - bound of 1,440 is noted in the paper . A follow - up study by the Louisiana Department of Health & Hospitals determined that the storm was directly responsible for 1,170 fatalities in Louisiana .
Neuroscience of multilingualism
Second language proficiency and age at acquisition affect grey matter density in the brain . The human ability to learn multiple languages is a skill thought to be mediated by functional ( rather than structural ) plastic changes in the brain . Learning a second language is said to increase grey matter density in the left inferior parietal cortex , and the amount of structural reorganization in this region is modulated by the proficiency attained and the age at acquisition . It has been suggested that this relation between grey matter density and performance denotes a general principle of brain organization .
Fundamental rights in India
Right to Information has been given the status of a fundamental right under Article 19 ( 1 ) of the Constitution in 2005 . Article 19 ( 1 ) under which every citizen has freedom of speech and expression and have the right to know how the government works , what role does it play , what are its functions and so on .
Kakashi Hatake
Masashi Kishimoto originally intended for Kakashi to debut in the second chapter of the Naruto manga , appearing prior to the other members of Team 7 . This Kakashi was designed as a laid back but very skilled ninja that ended his sentences with the polite `` de gozaru '' in the Japanese versions of the series . After speaking with his editor , Kishimoto pushed this debut back , allowing him to better develop Kakashi and the rest of Team 7 . Despite this , Kakashi retains many of his original personality traits , being easygoing , unfazed by the actions of others , and eyes appearing to be half - asleep . Kishimoto feels that this makes Kakashi a compelling leader and helps to keep the diverse members of Team 7 unified . Early in the making of the series , Kakashi was designed as a samurai but he was not sure what the character would do in the manga . Thinking about how the protagonists ' teacher would behave , Kishimoto envisioned him as a rude adult . However , he was not happy with this type of personality so he rewrote it to a more laid back person . He found this portrayal funny but still made him hot - blooded for serious situations . As the manga continued , he changed his speech pattern and gave it a laid back touch , with kindness and a woman - like . There was no model for Kakashi ; Kishimoto wanted to write a calm teacher who would help his students in complicated situations .
Lost in Space (2018 TV series)
`` Diamonds in the Sky '' Neil Marshall Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless April 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 13 ) Don West , Smith , and Debbie the chicken survive the Jupiter 18 landing . While looking for other survivors , they find Angela Goddard , who is barely alive . When a storm approaches , Don and Angela take cover while Smith heads out . Meanwhile , the robot melts more ice to allow the Robinsons to start the process of recovering the Jupiter 2 . Maureen , John , Will and the robot hike to another Jupiter crash site and then later to the robot 's ship . They leave Penny and Judy behind , instructing them how to carefully raise the ship out of the ice . Inside the alien ship , a holographic map of the planet is activated , showing John and Maureen they are in an unidentified galaxy . Outside , the robot touches the ship 's hull , creating a mental connection to Will who learns what really happened on the Resolute . He decides to say nothing to his parents about the vision . When Penny sees the storm approaching and is unable to reach her parents to warn them , she raises the Jupiter 2 enough that the garage can be opened . She drives the ship 's Chariot all - terrain vehicle to reach her family just in front of the storm . As they head back to Jupiter 2 , they pass Don who sees them only to discover his flare gun is missing . The Robinsons see a flare and find Smith , who claims to be alone , returning with her to the Jupiter 2 . `` Infestation '' Tim Southam Zack Estrin April 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 13 ) In a flashback , Dr. Smith is revealed to be June Harris , the older , ex-con sister of Jess Harris , a successful businesswoman . Jess offers June her entire estate as she is leaving Earth , but June drugs Jess and assumes her sister 's identity . Aboard the Resolute , she bumps into her sister 's lover and there is a struggle ending in him getting blown out an airlock . June is arrested but escapes during the robot 's attack . In the present , Maureen explains they are trillions of light years from Earth . At night , the ice layer over Jupiter 2 cracks , endangering the ship .
Sustainability
Ecosocialists advocate for the revolutionary succession of capitalism by ecosocialism -- an egalitarian economic / political / social structure designed to harmonize human society with non-human ecology and to fulfill human needs -- as the only sufficient solution to the present - day ecological crisis , and hence the only path towards sustainability . Sustainability is viewed not as a domain exclusive to scientists , environmental activists , and business leaders but as a holistic project that must involve the whole of humanity redefining its place in Nature : `` What every environmentalist needs to know ... is that capitalism is not the solution but the problem , and that if humanity is going to survive this crisis , it will do so because it has exercised its capacity for human freedom , through social struggle , in order to create a whole new world -- in coevolution with the planet . ''
Shotgun
A rifled slug , with finned rifling designed to enable the projectile to be safely fired through a choked barrel , is an example of a single projectile . Some shotguns have rifled barrels and are designed to be used with a `` saboted '' bullet , one which is typically encased in a two - piece plastic ring ( sabot ) designed to peel away after it exits the barrel , leaving the bullet , now spinning after passing through the rifled barrel , to continue toward the target . These shotguns , although they have rifled barrels , still use a shotgun - style shell instead of a rifle cartridge and may in fact still fire regular multipellet shotgun shells , but the rifling in the barrel will affect the shot pattern . The use of a rifled barrel blurs the distinction between rifle and shotgun , and in fact the early rifled shotgun barrels went by the name Paradox for just that reason . Hunting laws may differentiate between smooth barreled and rifled barreled guns .
New Mexico
During World War II , the first atomic bombs were designed and manufactured at Los Alamos , a site developed by the federal government specifically to support a high - intensity scientific effort to rapidly complete research and testing of this weapon . The first bomb was tested at Trinity site in the desert between Socorro and Alamogordo on what is now White Sands Missile Range .
Pretty Little Liars (season 6)
The girls ' plan is leave Hanna waiting for ' Uber A ' to arrive at Lost Woods Resort , while Aria and the boys are out hiding , but when Hanna goes missing they find out that ' Uber A ' used a secret passage and kidnapped her . Looking over footage from cameras outside , they all are shocked to see what looks to be Mrs. D , asking themselves how this is possible . At Alison 's house , `` Wilden '' rips off his mask revealing himself to be Elliott , and Mary Drake , who is revealed to be Jessica 's twin , joins him . They succeeded in committing Alison , and with Ali hospitalized , he has her money and the house as her husband , which is their revenge for what happened to Charlotte , as he was in love with her and Mary always felt an attachment as her birth mother . She glances at a photograph of Charlotte and says it is what she would 've wanted . In the last scene , we see Hanna 's unconscious body being dragged by ' Uber A ' in the church 's bell tower .
Gatekeeping (communication)
More than fifty years after White 's Mr. Gates study , in 2001 , Pamela Shoemaker , Martin Eichholz , Eunyi Kim , and Brenda Wrigley studied the forces in news gatekeeping in relation to coverage of Congressional bills . More specifically , they were interested in two hypotheses : 1 ) the routine gatekeeping force of assessing a bill 's newsworthiness will be related to how prominently a bill is covered . And 2 ) the individual journalist forces ( education , political ideology , work experience , ethnicity , gender , voting behavior ) will be related to how prominently a bill is covered . They also predicted that the newsworthiness of a bill would be more important than journalists ' personal characteristics . Surveying both journalists ( for their personal characteristics ) and editors ( for evaluating newsworthiness ) , Shoemaker and her colleagues found that only newsworthiness had a significant effect on the amount of coverage given to a bill , thus their first hypothesis was supported as well as the idea that newsworthiness would be more important than personal characteristics .
The Bronx
The Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance , founded in 1998 by Arthur Aviles and Charles Rice - Gonzalez , provides dance , theatre and art workshops , festivals and performances focusing on contemporary and modern art in relation to race , gender , and sexuality . It is home to the Arthur Aviles Typical Theatre , a contemporary dance company , and the Bronx Dance Coalition . The Academy was formerly in the American Bank Note Company Building before relocating to a venue on the grounds of St. Peter 's Episcopal Church .
Mass production
Mass production is capital intensive and energy intensive , as it uses a high proportion of machinery and energy in relation to workers . It is also usually automated while total expenditure per unit of product is decreased . However , the machinery that is needed to set up a mass production line ( such as robots and machine presses ) is so expensive that there must be some assurance that the product is to be successful to attain profits .
Individualism
In relation to this view of individuality , French Individualist anarchist Emile Armand advocates egoistical denial of social conventions and dogmas to live in accord to one 's own ways and desires in daily life since he emphasized anarchism as a way of life and practice . In this way he manifests `` So the anarchist individualist tends to reproduce himself , to perpetuate his spirit in other individuals who will share his views and who will make it possible for a state of affairs to be established from which authoritarianism has been banished . It is this desire , this will , not only to live , but also to reproduce oneself , which we shall call `` activity '' .
Hōryū-ji
The five - storey pagoda , located in Sai - in area , stands at 32.45 meters in height ( 122 feet ) and is approximately 20X20 in width and is one of the oldest wooden buildings in the world . The wood used in the center pillar of the pagoda is estimated through a dendrochronological analysis to have been felled in 594 . The central pillar rests three meters below the surface of the massive foundation stone , stretching into the ground . At its base is enshrined what is believed to be a fragment of one of Buddha 's bones . Around it , four sculpted scenes from the life of the Buddha face north , east , south and west . Although the pagoda is five - storied , there is no access to the interior ; it is rather designed to inspire people with its external view .
Languages with official status in India
In addition , the constitution grants the central government , acting through the President , the power to issue certain directives to the government of a state in relation to the use of minority languages for official purposes . The President may direct a State to officially recognise a language spoken in its territory for specified purposes and in specified regions , if its speakers demand it and satisfy him that a substantial proportion of the State 's population desire its use . Similarly , States and local authorities are required to endeavour to provide primary education in the mother tongue for all linguistic minorities , regardless of whether their language is official in that State , and the President has the power to issue directions he deems necessary to ensure that they are provided these facilities .
Wicked (musical)
The novel , described as a political , social and ethical commentary on the nature of good and evil , takes place in the Land of Oz , in the years leading to Dorothy 's arrival . The story centers on Elphaba , the misunderstood , smart , and fiery girl of emerald - green skin who grows up to become the notorious Wicked Witch of the West and Galinda , the beautiful , blonde , popular girl who grows up to become Glinda the Good Witch of the South . The story is divided into five different sections based on the plot location and presents events , characters and situations from L. Frank Baum 's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 1900 ) and its 1939 film adaptation in new ways . It is designed to set the reader thinking about what it really is to be ' Wicked ' , and whether good intentions with bad results are the same as bad intentions with bad results . Schwartz considered how best to condense the novel 's dense and complicated plot into a sensible script . To this end , he collaborated with Emmy Award -- winning writer Winnie Holzman to develop the outline of the plot over the course of a year while meeting with producer Marc Platt to refine the structural outline of the show , spinning an original stage piece rather than creating a strict adaptation of Maguire 's work .
Social ecological model
A system can be defined as a comparatively bounded structure consisting of interacting , interrelated , or interdependent elements that form a whole . Systems thinking argues that the only way to fully understand something or an occurrence is to understand the parts in relation to the whole . Thus , systems thinking , which is the process of understanding how things influence one another within a whole , is central to ecological models . Generally , a system is a community situated within an environment . Examples of systems are health systems , education systems , food systems , and economic systems .
Negative and positive rights
What is at stake is the liberty of the poor not to be interfered with in taking from the surplus possessions of the rich what is necessary to satisfy their basic needs . Needless to say , libertarians would want to deny that the poor have this liberty . But how could they justify such a denial ? As this liberty of the poor has been specified , it is not a positive right to receive something , but a negative right of non-interference. ( emphasis added )
Human rights and development
In India the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act has led to the inclusion of a justiciable right to education in relation to children between the ages of 6 and 14 and provides an impetus to government to address critical problems in the provision of education . The idea of education as a ' fundamental right ' focuses local political action and agitation among oppressed communities , who rely on the new constitutional provision as a way of pressing demands on local and regional government .
Gun laws in Canada
Magazines designed to contain centre - fire cartridges and designed or manufactured for use in a semiautomatic handgun are limited to 10 cartridges . The capacity is measured by the kind of cartridge the magazine was designed to contain . In some cases the magazine will be capable of containing more than 10 rounds of a different calibre ; however , that is not relevant in the determination of the maximum permitted capacity .
The Shining (film)
The dominating presence of the Overlook Hotel -- designed by Roy Walker as a composite of American hotels visited in the course of research -- is an extraordinary vindication of the value of mise en scène . It 's a real , complex space that we do n't just see but come to virtually inhabit . The confinement is palpable : horror cinema is an art of claustrophobia , making us loath to stay in the cinema but unable to leave . Yet it 's combined with a sort of agoraphobia -- we are as frightened of the hotel 's cavernous vastness as of its corridors ' enclosure ... The film sets up a complex dynamic between simple domesticity and magnificent grandeur , between the supernatural and the mundane in which the viewer is disoriented by the combination of spaciousness and confinement , and an uncertainty as to just what is real or not .
Elsa (Frozen)
During production , Menzel and Jonathan Groff , who portrays Kristoff , went to the animation studio to explain to the animators how they were approaching their characters . Animators asked Menzel questions about her singing , observed how she breathed as she sang live , and made videorecordings of her recording sessions ; they then animated Elsa 's breathing to match Menzel 's breathing , for further realism . Her voice supplied inspiration for Elsa 's most prominent song , `` Let It Go '' . According to composer Robert Lopez , Menzel 's vocal range was able to clearly convey Elsa 's `` low , vulnerable , fragile side '' as well as her power and self - realization . Menzel commented that it was `` an honor '' to have the song and that she enjoyed recording it . `` It 's a collision of a bunch of forces that are all coming together in the right way , '' she explained . `` The character , what she is singing and what she is experiencing ; beautiful lyrics , beautiful melody and a little bit of me . '' Buck and Lee were also surprised by how compatible Menzel and Kristen Bell 's voices were . At one point during a table read , they sang a ballad ( later revealed as `` Wind Beneath My Wings '' ) back and forth to one another with so much sentiment that it reportedly left everyone who was present with tears in their eyes . Subsequently , Lee wanted Menzel and Bell to be in the same room when they were recording the important emotional scenes of the film . Other
Las Meninas
For Foucault , Las Meninas illustrates the first signs of a new episteme , or way of thinking . It represents a midpoint between what he sees as the two `` great discontinuities '' in European thought , the classical and the modern : `` Perhaps there exists , in this painting by Velázquez , the representation as it were of Classical representation , and the definition of the space it opens up to us ... representation , freed finally from the relation that was impeding it , can offer itself as representation in its pure form . ''
Philippines
In addition to membership in the United Nations , the Philippines is also a founding and active member of ASEAN ( Association of Southeast Asian Nations ) , an organization designed to strengthen relations and promote economic and cultural growth among states in the Southeast Asian region . It has hosted several summits and is an active contributor to the direction and policies of the bloc .
Pragmatism
Epistemology ( justification ) : a coherentist theory of justification that rejects the claim that all knowledge and justified belief rest ultimately on a foundation of noninferential knowledge or justified belief . Coherentists hold that justification is solely a function of some relationship between beliefs , none of which are privileged beliefs in the way maintained by foundationalist theories of justification . Epistemology ( truth ) : a deflationary or pragmatist theory of truth ; the former is the epistemological claim that assertions that predicate truth of a statement do not attribute a property called truth to such a statement while the latter is the epistemological claim that assertions that predicate truth of a statement attribute the property of useful - to - believe to such a statement . Metaphysics : a pluralist view that there is more than one sound way to conceptualize the world and its content . Philosophy of science : an instrumentalist and scientific anti-realist view that a scientific concept or theory should be evaluated by how effectively it explains and predicts phenomena , as opposed to how accurately it describes objective reality . Philosophy of language : an anti-representationalist view that rejects analyzing the semantic meaning of propositions , mental states , and statements in terms of a correspondence or representational relationship and instead analyzes semantic meaning in terms of notions like dispositions to action , inferential relationships , and / or functional roles ( e.g. behaviorism and inferentialism ) . Not to be confused with pragmatics , a sub-field of linguistics with no relation to philosophical pragmatism . Additionally , forms of empiricism , fallibilism , verificationism , and a Quinean naturalist metaphilosophy are all commonly elements of pragmatist philosophies . Many pragmatists are epistemological relativists and see this to be an important facet of their pragmatism , but this is controversial and other pragmatists argue such relativism to be seriously misguided ( e.g. Hilary Putnam , Susan Haack ) .
Wembley Stadium
The stadium is described as a `` public transport destination '' for which parking is available on a very limited basis . To alleviate the impact of vehicular traffic on the local residents and businesses , Brent Council have introduced a number of measures in relation to on street parking and to access restrictions of roads that surround the stadium .
Pluto (mythology)
It has been argued that the sanctuary was in the keeping of a Pythagorean sodality or `` brotherhood '' . The relation of Orphic beliefs to the mystic strand of Pythagoreanism , or of these to Platonism and Neoplatonism , is complex and much debated . Plutonius
United States antitrust law
Despite considerable effort by the Clinton administration , the Federal government attempted to extend antitrust cooperation with other countries for mutual detection , prosecution and enforcement . A bill was unanimously passed by the US Congress ; however by 2000 only one treaty has been signed with Australia . On 000000002017 - 07 - 03 - 0000 3 July 2017 the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission announced it was seeking explanations from a US company , Apple Inc . In relation to potentially anticompetitive behaviour against an Australian bank in possible relation to Apple Pay . It is not known whether the treaty could influence the enquiry or outcome .
Ryukyuan religion
Various taboos exist in relation to the tomb . It is rude to point at a tomb , speak loudly concerning the dead around a tomb , or take pictures of a tomb without expressed permission . It is considered dangerous to desecrate a tomb with graffiti , by disturbing offerings such as flowers , or by damaging the tomb in any way . Also considered dangerous may be to approach a tomb without proper authority ( such as relation to the family ) or to visit a tomb at night .