vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
English contract law
Because contracts concern voluntary obligations , the courts employ a number of protections to ensure only people who give informed and true consent are legally bound . Before 1875 , the common law courts only allowed escape from an agreement and damages if someone was induced to enter an agreement by fraud or was put under physical duress , or suffered from a lack of legal capacity . The courts of equity , however , were significantly more generous because they allowed `` rescission '' ( i.e. cancellation ) of a contract if a person was the victim of any misrepresentation , even an innocent one , and any `` undue influence '' , beyond influence by physical threats . In these situations the victim of the misrepresentation or unconscionable behaviour has the option to avoid the contract . If avoided , the parties are both entitled to have returned whatever property they had already conveyed , so nobody remains unjustly enriched ( though this terminology was not used till the 20th century ) . As the 20th century unfolded , the courts and statute expanded on the range of circumstances in which a person could claim damages for negligent misrepresentation , on top of fraud . As concern over the use of unfair terms grew , there were calls to recognise a positive duty on contracting parties to disclose material facts as part of a broader duty of `` good faith '' and some judges attempted to follow the American Uniform Commercial Code by fashioning a broader doctrine of `` unconscionable '' bargains , procured through inequality of bargaining power . This development was , however , stopped by the House of Lords , so that problems of unfair contract terms continued to be dealt with through targeted legislation . The courts also declare contracts void if they were for an illegal purpose , and refuse to enforce the agreement , or give any legal remedy if doing so would require a person to rely on their illegal act .
Golf (card game)
It can be played single or double pack . Each player receives four cards face down in a 2 × 2 grid and looks at two before play begins . Thereafter , players do not look at their face - down cards ; however , there is a house rule that players may take a stroke ( gain one point ) to look at one of these cards again . Play proceeds as in six - card golf , but a player may knock ( instead of drawing ) at any time -- even before all of the players cards have been swapped for face - up cards -- and then all other players have one chance to improve their hands before scores are tallied . Pairs are counted vertically , with diagonal pairs being an optional rule . Each card from 2 to 10 represents its own points ( i.e. any 3 card is worth three points , any 10 card is worth ten points , and so on ) . Aces are one point , jacks are eleven , queens are twelve and kings thirteen points . The goal is to get the fewest points .
Morality
Immorality is the active opposition to morality ( i.e. opposition to that which is good or right ) , while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of , indifference toward , or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles .
United States v. Alvarez
The plurality opinion also expressed the wide applicability of the Stolen Valor Act . `` The Act by its plain terms , '' Kennedy wrote , `` applies to a false statement made at any time , in any place , to any person '' . Such breadth means that the law is `` sweeping ... ( the ) reach of the statute puts it in conflict with the First Amendment ... the statute would apply with equal force to personal , whispered conversations within a home . ''
Mental calculation
The product for any larger non-zero integer can be found by a series of additions to each of its digits from right to left , two at a time .
Trinity Western University
Trinity Western is a member of the Royal Society of Canada . Its varsity teams , known as the Spartans , are members of Canadian Interuniversity Sport . According to Universities Canada , the non-profit national organization that represents Canadian universities and colleges , TWU 's domestic tuition is the most expensive of any university in Canada .
Yahoo! Answers
Yahoo ! Answers allows any questions that do not violate Yahoo ! Answers community guidelines . To encourage good answers , helpful participants are occasionally featured on the Yahoo ! Answers Blog . Though the service itself is free , the contents of the answers are owned by the respective users -- while Yahoo ! maintains a non-exclusive royalty - free worldwide right to publish the information . Chat is explicitly forbidden in the Community Guidelines , although categories like Politics and Religion & Spirituality are mostly opinion . Users may also choose to reveal their Yahoo ! Messenger ID on their Answers profile page .
Gun laws in Georgia
As exceptions to the above list , a person may keep their firearm in a locked compartment of their vehicle at any of the above places except nuclear power facilities . Also , a person may approach security or management of any of the above places ( except schools and nuclear power facilities ) and ask them for directions on removing , securing , storing , or temporarily surrendering the weapon .
The Devil Wears Prada (film)
In 2013 , Weisberger wrote a sequel , Revenge Wears Prada . However , it does not seem likely that a film version of it , or any sequel , will be made , as two of the film 's stars are not eager to do so . Streep has reportedly said that she is not interested in making a sequel for this film in particular . And while Hathaway admits she 'd be interested in working with the same people , it would have to be `` something totally different . '' The Devil Wears Prada , she told Variety `` might have just hit the right note . It 's good to leave it as it is . ''
Gun laws in the United States by state
Subject / Law Long guns Handguns Relevant statutes Notes State permit required to purchase ? No No -- - Firearm registration ? No * No * ORS 166.412 ( 7 ) ( a ) * The Oregon State Police maintain a record of firearms sales from FFL holders for a period of 5 years , after which the records are destroyed . Owner license required ? No No -- - Minimum age to purchase firearms . 18 21 ORS 166.470 Oregon law prohibits any person from intentionally selling , delivering , or otherwise transferring any firearm to anyone under 18 years of age ( ORS 166.470 ( 1 ) ( a ) ) , except : A parent or guardian , or another person with the consent of the parent or guardian , may transfer a firearm other than a handgun to a minor . ( ORS 166.470 ( 3 ) ( a ) ) The temporary transfer of any firearm to a minor for hunting , target practice , or any other lawful purpose . ( ORS 166.470 ( 3 ) ( b ) ) Minors allowed to possess firearms ? Yes , with exceptions Yes , with exceptions ORS 166.250 Minors may : ... possess a firearm other than a handgun if the firearm was transferred to the minor by the minor 's parent or guardian or by another person with the consent of the minor 's parent . ORS 166.250 ( 2 ) ( a ) ( A ) ... not possess a firearm if they are under 18 years of age , and while a minor , committed the equivalent of an adult felony or a misdemeanor involving violence , within four years of being charged with possession . ORS 166.250 ( 1 ) ( c ) ... may also possess any firearm temporarily for hunting , target practice , or any other lawful purpose . ORS 166.250 ( 2 ) ( a ) ( B ) ( and ORS 166.470 ( 3 ) ( b ) ; see above ) Assault weapon law ? No No -- - No Oregon state laws define or regulate assault weapons . Concealed carry permits required ? Yes Yes ORS 166.291 Oregon is a `` shall - issue '' state for residents .
Fundamental rights in India
Religious communities can set up charitable institutions of their own . However , activities in such institutions that are not religious are performed according to the laws laid down by the government . Establishing a charitable institution can also be restricted in the interest of public order , morality and health . No person shall be compelled to pay taxes for the promotion of a particular religion . A State run institution can not be impart education that is pro-religion . Also , nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any existing law or prevent the State from making any further law regulating or restricting any economic , financial , political or other secular activity that may be associated with religious practice , or providing for social welfare and reform .
Gun laws in Virginia
Subject / Law Long Guns Handguns Relevant Statutes Notes Permit to purchase required ? No No Firearm registration ? No No § 18.2 - 295 Fully - automatic firearms ( machine guns ) are required to be registered with the state police . Owner license required ? No No Proof of age and citizenship required for the purchase of `` assault weapons '' . Concealed carry permits required ? No Yes § 18.2 - 308 Virginia is a `` shall issue '' state for concealed carry . Permits are issued to non-residents and training is permitted online or in person . Open carry permitted ? Yes Yes § 15.2 - 915.2 § 18.2 - 287.4 § 18.2 - 282 Open carry is generally allowed without a permit for people 18 years of age and older . The following cities and counties have exceptions that disallow the open carry of `` assault weapons '' ( any firearm that is equipped with a magazine that will hold more than 20 rounds of ammunition or is designed by the manufacturer to accommodate a silencer or equipped with a folding stock ) or shotguns equipped with a magazine that holds more than 7 rounds : the Cities of Alexandria , Chesapeake , Fairfax , Falls Church , Newport News , Norfolk , Richmond , and Virginia Beach and in the Counties of Arlington , Fairfax , Henrico , Loudoun , and Prince William . These restrictions do not apply to valid concealed carry permit holders . Stated differently , you may open carry an assault weapon / shotgun with more than 7 rounds with a permit in the aforementioned locations , but do not need a permit to do so in any other locality in Virginia . For open carry in a vehicle , the firearm must be `` properly secured in a container or compartment within the vehicle '' ( ie glove box , center console , trunk , etc ) . The container / compartment does not have to be locked , the firearm may be within the reach of the driver or a passenger , and the firearm may be loaded . This does not preempt an employer from prohibiting firearms `` at a place of employment if there is a company policy or signage prohibiting firearms on the premises . '' Furthermore , a `` county or city may by ordinance make it unlawful for any person to transport , possess or carry a loaded shotgun or loaded rifle in any vehicle on any public street , road , or highway within such locality .
Pleurisy
A doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to the breathing . This method detects any unusual sounds in the lungs . A person with pleurisy may have inflamed layers of the pleurae that make a rough , scratchy sound as they rub against each other during breathing . This is called pleural friction rub .
Magic in Harry Potter
Before publishing the first Harry Potter novel , Rowling spent five years establishing the limitations of magic -- determining what it could and could not do . `` The most important thing to decide when you 're creating a fantasy world , '' she said in 2000 , `` is what the characters ca n't do . '' For instance , while it is possible to conjure things out of thin air , it is far more tricky to create something that fits an exact specification rather than a general one ; moreover , any objects so conjured tend not to last .
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao
Pacquiao appeared on the ESPN program First Take on September 20 , 2012 , and said he had no problem with the drug - testing issue . `` Whatever he wants to do , '' Pacquiao said . He said he was willing to be tested even on the night of the fight . On September 25 , Mayweather and Pacquiao reached a confidential settlement in their federal defamation case . In a statement released through the mediator in the case , the Mayweathers said they `` wish to make it clear that they never intended to claim that Manny Pacquiao has used or is using any performance - enhancing drugs , nor are they aware of any evidence that Manny Pacquiao has used performance - enhancing drugs . ''
Eastern Orthodox Church
Those who wish to do this therefore separate themselves from the world and live as monastics : monks and nuns . As ascetics par excellence , using the allegorical weapons of prayer and fasting in spiritual warfare against their passions , monastics hold a very special and important place in the Church . This kind of life is often seen as incompatible with any kind of worldly activity including that which is normally regarded as virtuous . Social work , school teaching , and other such work is therefore usually left to laypeople . Ascetics of the Eastern Orthodox Church are recognised by their long hair , and in case of male monks , long beards . Schema
Gun laws in the United States by state
Yes Yes 76 - 10 - 523 Persons exempt from weapons laws . `` ( g ) a nonresident traveling in or through the state , provided that any firearm is : ( i ) unloaded ; and ( ii ) securely encased as defined in Section 76 - 10 - 501 . '' Handguns may be loaded in any vehicle under the person 's control . Castle Doctrine law ? Yes Yes 76 - 2 - 405 Force in defense of habitation . `` ( 1 ) A person is justified in using force against another when and to the extent that he reasonably believes that the force is necessary to prevent or terminate the other 's unlawful entry into or attack upon his habitation ; however , he is justified in the use of force which is intended or likely to cause death or serious bodily injury only if : ( a ) the entry is made or attempted in a violent and tumultuous manner , surreptitiously , or by stealth , and he reasonably believes that the entry is attempted or made for the purpose of assaulting or offering personal violence to any person , dwelling , or being in the habitation and he reasonably believes that the force is necessary to prevent the assault or offer of personal violence ; or ( b ) he reasonably believes that the entry is made or attempted for the purpose of committing a felony in the habitation and that the force is necessary to prevent the commission of the felony . ( 2 ) The person using force or deadly force in defense of habitation is presumed for the purpose of both civil and criminal cases to have acted reasonably and had a reasonable fear of imminent peril of death or serious bodily injury if the entry or attempted entry is unlawful and is made or attempted by use of force , or in a violent and tumultuous manner , or surreptitiously or by stealth , or for the purpose of committing a felony . '' Stand Your Ground law ? Yes Yes 76 - 2 - 402 Force in defense of person -- Forcible felony defined . `` ( 1 ) ( a ) A person is justified in threatening or using force against another when and to the extent that the person reasonably believes that force or a threat of force is necessary to defend the person or a third person against another person 's imminent use of unlawful force .
Gun laws in Virginia
Open carry of a handgun without a permit is legal in Virginia at age 18 , withstanding other applicable laws . Concealed carry of a handgun is allowed for persons who hold a valid CHP ( concealed handgun permit ) , comply with certain restrictions , or who hold certain positions . Virginia shall issue a CHP to applicants 21 years of age or older , provided that they meet certain safety training requirements and do not have any disqualifying criminal convictions . Consuming an alcoholic beverage in ABC on - premises licensed restaurants and clubs , while carrying a concealed handgun , is prohibited ; nor may any person carry a concealed handgun in a public place while under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs . Any person permitted to carry a concealed firearm may not carry one in such manner in a public place while intoxicated . Possession of a firearm can compound the penalty for various other offenses , including illegal drug possession . Open carry while intoxicated is not addressed in the law and can presumed to be legal unless otherwise specified .
GEICO advertising campaigns
From mid-June 2013 to late 2014 , a family of TV ads came on where one person reads a GEICO ad , which has the well - known tagline ( often with the Gecko in it as well ) and a second person says `` Everybody knows that . '' to which the first person says , `` Well , did you know ... '' followed by an amusing ( and fictional ) `` fact '' which is then illustrated in a cutaway scene . Prior to Did You Know Pinocchio Was a Bad Motivational Speaker ? , the closing line was temporarily changed to `` GEICO : 15 minutes could save you ... well , you know . ''
Habeas corpus
The Indian judiciary has dispensed with the traditional doctrine of locus standi , so that if a detained person is not in a position to file a petition , it can be moved on his behalf by any other person . The scope of habeas relief has expanded in recent times by actions of the Indian judiciary .
Burning of Washington
An encounter was noted between Sir George Cockburn 10th Baronet and a female resident of Washington . `` Dear God ! Is this the weather to which you are accustomed to in this infernal country ? '' enquired the Admiral . `` This is a special interposition of Providence to drive our enemies from our city '' , the woman allegedly called out to Cockburn . `` Not so , Madam '' , Cockburn retorted . `` It is rather to aid your enemies in the destruction of your city '' , before riding off on horseback . Yet , the British left right after the storm completely unopposed by any American military forces .
Selective Service Act of 1917
No person liable to military service shall hereafter be permitted or allowed to furnish a substitute for such service ; nor shall any substitute be received , enlisted , or enrolled in the military service of the United States ; and no such person shall be permitted to escape such service or to be discharged therefrom prior to the expiration of his term of service by the payment of money or any other valuable thing whatsoever as consideration his release from military service or liability there to .
Vehicle insurance in the United States
This led Massachusetts and Connecticut to create the first financial responsibility and compulsory insurance laws . Connecticut 's 1925 financial responsibility law required any vehicle owner involved in a collision with damages over $100 to prove `` financial responsibility to satisfy any claim for damages , by reason of personal injury , to , or death of , any person , of at least $10,000 . '' This early financial responsibility requirement only required vehicle owners to prove financial responsibility after their first collision . Massachusetts also introduced a law to address the problem of collisions , but theirs was a compulsory insurance , not financial responsibility law . It required automotive liability insurance as a prerequisite to vehicle registration .
Antonin Scalia
Scalia concurred in the 1990 case of Cruzan v. Director , Missouri Department of Health , in which the family of a woman in a vegetative state sought to have her feeding tube removed so she would die , believing that to have been her wish . The Court found for the State of Missouri , requiring clear and convincing evidence of such a desire . Scalia stated that the Court should have remained away from the dispute and that the issues `` are ( not ) better known to the nine Justices of this Court any better than they are known to nine people picked at random from the Kansas City telephone directory '' .
Citizenship
The principle is that birth within the confines of the State gives only the status of a subject . It does not carry with it the right to fill any position under the State or to participate in political life , such as taking an active or passive part in elections . Another principle is that the race and nationality of every subject of the State will have to be proved . A subject is at any time free to cease being a subject and to become a citizen of that country to which he belongs in virtue of his nationality . The only difference between an alien and a subject of the State is that the former is a citizen of another country .
Rule of law
The rule of law is `` The authority and influence of law in society , especially when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behavior ; ( hence ) the principle whereby all members of a society ( including those in government ) are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes '' . The phrase `` the rule of law '' refers to a political situation , not to any specific legal rule . Use of the phrase can be traced back to 16th - century Britain , and in the following century the Scottish theologian Samuel Rutherford employed it in arguing against the divine right of kings . John Locke wrote that freedom in society means being subject only to laws made by a legislature that apply to everyone , with a person being otherwise free from both governmental and private restrictions upon liberty . `` The rule of law '' was further popularized in the 19th century by British jurist A.V. Dicey . However , the principle , if not the phrase itself , was recognized by ancient thinkers ; for example , Aristotle wrote : `` It is more proper that law should govern than any one of the citizens '' .
Tom Bombadil
I might put it this way . The story is cast in terms of a good side , and a bad side , beauty against ruthless ugliness , tyranny against kingship , moderated freedom with consent against compulsion that has long lost any object save mere power , and so on ; but both sides in some degree , conservative or destructive , want a measure of control . But if you have , as it were , taken ' a vow of poverty ' , renounced control , and take your delight in things for themselves without reference to yourself , watching , observing , and to some extent knowing , then the questions of the rights and wrongs of power and control might become utterly meaningless to you , and the means of power quite valueless ...
Send In the Clowns
We hired Glynis Johns to play the lead , though she had a nice little silvery voice . But I 'd put all the vocal weight of the show on the other characters because we needed somebody who was glamorous , charming and could play light comedy , and pretty , and to find that in combination with a good voice is very unlikely , but she had all the right qualities and a nice little voice . So I did n't write much for her and I did n't write anything in the second act .
Individualism
Philosophical hedonism is a meta - ethical theory of value which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good and pain is the only intrinsic bad . The basic idea behind hedonistic thought is that pleasure ( an umbrella term for all inherently likable emotions ) is the only thing that is good in and of itself or by its very nature . The normative implications of this are evaluating character or behavior as morally good to the extent that one is concerned with pleasure / pain qua pleasure / pain or an action leads to a greater balance of pleasure over pain than any other would .
Flag of Portugal
An early decree , from 28 December 1910 , established that `` any person who , through speech , published writings or any other public act , shows lack of respect to the national flag , which is the motherland 's symbol , will be sentenced to a three to twelve - month prison term with corresponding fine and , in case of relapse , will be sentenced to exile , as stated in the 62nd article of the Penal Code '' . In its 332nd article , the current penal code punishes infractions with a prison sentence of up to two years . If the sentence is shorter than 240 days , there is a formula for converting it into a fine . If the offense is directed towards regional symbols , the penalties are halved .