vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
The Shining (film)
This required the Steadicam to be on a special mount modeled on a wheelchair in which the operator sat while pulling a platform with the sound man . The weight of the rig and its occupants proved to be too much for the original tires however , resulting in a blowout one day that almost caused a serious crash . Solid tires were then mounted on the rig . Kubrick also had a highly accurate speedometer mounted on the rig so as to duplicate the exact tempo of a given shot so that Brown could perform take after identical take . Brown also discusses how the scenes in the hedge maze were shot with a Steadicam .
Actor
Classical acting is an umbrella term for a philosophy of acting that integrates the expression of the body , voice , imagination , personalizing , improvisation , external stimuli , and script analysis . It is based on the theories and systems of select classical actors and directors including Konstantin Stanislavski and Michel Saint - Denis . In Stanislavski 's system , also known as Stanislavski 's method , actors draw upon their own feelings and experiences to convey the `` truth '' of the character they portray . Actors puts themselves in the mindset of the character , finding things in common to give a more genuine portrayal of the character . Method acting is a range of techniques based on for training actors to achieve better characterizations of the characters they play , as formulated by Lee Strasberg . Strasberg 's method is based upon the idea that to develop an emotional and cognitive understanding of their roles , actors should use their own experiences to identify personally with their characters . It is based on aspects of Stanislavski 's system . Other acting techniques are also based on Stanislavski 's ideas , such as those of Stella Adler and Sanford Meisner , but these are not considered `` method acting '' . Meisner technique requires the actor to focus totally on the other actor as though he or she is real and they only exist in that moment . This is a method that makes the actors in the scene seem more authentic to the audience . It is based on the principle that acting finds its expression in people 's response to other people and circumstances . Is it based on Stanislavski 's system .
The Skin of Our Teeth
An additional layer of stylistic complexity is added by the occasional interruption of the narrative scene by actors directly addressing the audience . For instance , in the first scene , the actress playing Sabina reveals her misgivings to the audience about the play , in the second act she refuses to say lines in the play and tells the spectators things that cause a woman in the audience to run from the theater sobbing , and , in the third act , the actor playing Mr. Antrobus interrupts to announce that several actors have taken ill , and asks the audience to indulge them while the `` stage manager '' of the play conducts a rehearsal with the replacements .
Batmobile
Beginning with the Challenge of the Super Friends in 1978 , the Batmobile got revamped . This new version was developed to have a more aerodynamic , hard - edged style . In addition , this Batmobile was smaller than its predecessor . It had a sloped nose and flying buttress B - pillars . Features that were carried over from the original Super Friends Batmobile were the Bat - mask , low horizontal fins , twin bubble windshields , and blue coloring scheme .
Titanic (1997 film)
An enclosed 5,000,000 - US - gallon ( 19,000,000 L ) tank was used for sinking interiors , in which the entire set could be tilted into the water . In order to sink the Grand Staircase , 90,000 US gallons ( 340,000 L ) of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank . Unexpectedly , the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel - reinforced foundations , although no one was hurt . The 744 - foot - long ( 227 m ) exterior of the RMS Titanic had its first half lowered into the tank , but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a shock absorber against the water ; to get the set into the water , Cameron had much of the set emptied and even smashed some of the promenade windows himself . After submerging the dining saloon , three days were spent shooting Lovett 's ROV traversing the wreck in the present . The post-sinking scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a 350,000 - US - gallon ( 1,300,000 L ) tank , where the frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water , and wax was coated on hair and clothes .
Munchkin
In the classic 1939 movie musical The Wizard of Oz , loosely based on Baum 's novel , the Munchkins are mostly portrayed by adult actors with dwarfism ( with a very few average - sized child actors , used mostly in the background ) . Unlike the book , their country is called Munchkinland and they wear garments of many colors instead of all - blue attire .
Apartheid
In the 1960s , the Anti-Apartheid Movements began to campaign for cultural boycotts of apartheid South Africa . Artists were requested not to present or let their works be hosted in South Africa . In 1963 , 45 British writers put their signatures to an affirmation approving of the boycott , and , in 1964 , American actor Marlon Brando called for a similar affirmation for films . In 1965 , the Writers ' Guild of Great Britain called for a proscription on the sending of films to South Africa . Over sixty American artists signed a statement against apartheid and against professional links with the state . The presentation of some South African plays in the UK and the United States was also vetoed . After the arrival of television in South Africa in 1975 , the British Actors Union , Equity , boycotted the service , and no British programme concerning its associates could be sold to South Africa . Sporting and cultural boycotts did not have the same impact as economic sanctions , but they did much to lift consciousness amongst normal South Africans of the global condemnation of apartheid .
Windsor Castle
Edward placed William of Wykeham in overall charge of the rebuilding and design of the new castle and whilst work was ongoing Edward stayed in temporary accommodation in the Round Tower . Between 1350 and 1377 Edward spent £ 51,000 on renovating Windsor Castle ; this was the largest amount spent by any English medieval monarch on a single building operation , and over one and a half times Edward 's typical annual income of £ 30,000 . Some of the costs of the castle were paid from the results of ransoms following Edward 's victories at the battles of Crécy , Calais and Poitiers . Windsor Castle was already a substantial building before Edward began expanding it , making the investment all the more impressive , and much of the expenditure was lavished on rich furnishings . The castle was `` the most expensive secular building project of the entire Middle Ages in England '' .
Quakers
Quakers ( or Friends ) are members of a historically Christian group of religious movements formally known as the Religious Society of Friends or Friends Church . Members of the various Quaker movements are all generally united in a belief in the ability of each human being to experientially access `` the light within '' , or `` that of God in every person '' .
French horn
In the mid-18th century , horn players began to insert the right hand into the bell to change the length of the instrument , adjusting the tuning up to the distance between two adjacent harmonics depending on how much of the opening was covered .
Medicare (United States)
Robert M. Ball , a former commissioner of Social Security under President Kennedy in 1961 ( and later under Johnson , and Nixon ) defined the major obstacle to financing health insurance for the elderly : the high cost of care for the aged combined with the generally low incomes of retired people . Because retired older people use much more medical care than younger employed people , an insurance premium related to the risk for older people needed to be high , but if the high premium had to be paid after retirement , when incomes are low , it was an almost impossible burden for the average person . The only feasible approach , he said , was to finance health insurance in the same way as cash benefits for retirement , by contributions paid while at work , when the payments are least burdensome , with the protection furnished in retirement without further payment . In the early 1960s relatively few of the elderly had health insurance , and what they had was usually inadequate . Insurers such as Blue Cross , which had originally applied the principle of community rating , faced competition from other commercial insurers that did not community rate , and so were forced to raise their rates for the elderly .
Wales
Drama in the early 20th century thrived , but the country failed to produce a Welsh National Theatre company . After the Second World War the substantial number of amateur companies that had existed before the outbreak of hostilities reduced by two thirds . The increasing competition from television in the 1950s and 1960s led to a need for greater professionalism in the theatre . As a result , plays by Emlyn Williams and Alun Owen and others were staged , while Welsh actors , including Richard Burton , Rachel Roberts , Donald Houston and Stanley Baker , were establishing themselves as artistic talents . Anthony Hopkins was an alumnus of the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama , and has since starred in Hollywood films. John Rhys - Davies is another well known actor , famous for his portrayal of Gimli in The Lord of the Rings trilogy and the charismatic Arab excavator Sallah in the Indiana Jones films . Other Welsh actors to have crossed the Atlantic more recently include : Ioan Gruffudd ; Rhys Ifans ; Matthew Rhys ; Michael Sheen ; and Catherine Zeta - Jones .
Love Story (Taylor Swift song)
Swift and her love interest continued their relationship , but then separated because it was hard for them to see each other . To Swift , the song resembles much optimism regarding love and how encountering the right person could surpass skepticism . She deemed `` Love Story '' one of her most romantic songs , although she was never in an official relationship with the subject of the song . In retrospect , Swift said the song is `` about a love that you 've got to hide because for whatever reason it would n't go over well '' , adding `` I spun it in the direction of Romeo and Juliet . Our parents are fighting . I relate to it more as a love that you can not really elaborate on -- a love that maybe society would n't accept ( or ) maybe your friends would n't accept . ''
Watchman (law enforcement)
The implications and consequences of changes in the watch were worked out in practice and in legislation in two stages between the Restoration and the middle decades of the 18th century . The first involved the gradual recognition that a paid ( and full - time ) watch needed to be differently constituted from one made up of unpaid citizens , a point accepted in practice in legislation passed by the Common Council in 1705 , though it was not articulated in as direct a way .
Jacobin
Most Ministries were manned by friends or allies of the Girondins . But while the Girondins were stronger than the Montagnards outside Paris , inside Paris the Montagnards were much more popular , implying that the public galleries of the Convention were always loudly cheering for Montagnards , while jeering at Girondins speaking .
Data model
content - related properties timeliness : the availability of data at the time required and how up to date that data is . accuracy : how close to the truth the data is . properties related to both definition and content completeness : how much of the required data is available . accessibility : where , how , and to whom the data is available or not available ( e.g. security ) . cost : the cost incurred in obtaining the data , and making it available for use .
Quakers
Various organisations associated with Friends include a U.S. lobbying organisation based in Washington , D.C. called the Friends Committee on National Legislation ( FCNL ) ; service organisations such as the American Friends Service Committee ( AFSC ) , the Quaker United Nations Offices , Quaker Peace and Social Witness , Friends Committee on Scouting , the Quaker Peace Centre in Cape Town , South Africa , and the Alternatives to Violence Project .
American Revolution
In sharp contrast , Congress and the American states had no end of difficulty financing the war . In 1775 , there was at most 12 million dollars in gold in the colonies , not nearly enough to cover current transactions , let alone finance a major war . The British made the situation much worse by imposing a tight blockade on every American port , which cut off almost all imports and exports . One partial solution was to rely on volunteer support from militiamen and donations from patriotic citizens . Another was to delay actual payments , pay soldiers and suppliers in depreciated currency , and promise that it would be made good after the war . Indeed , the soldiers and officers were given land grants in 1783 to cover the wages that they had earned but had not been paid during the war . Not until 1781 did the national government have a strong leader in financial matters , when Robert Morris was named Superintendent of Finance of the United States .
London Bridge (Lake Havasu City)
After the bridge was reconstructed , prospective buyers of land were attracted to visit the bridge and take a tour of properties for sale . Land sales improved , and McCulloch recouped all his expenses on the purchase and shipping of the bridge . Since he had obtained the land at no cost , the sale of the properties paid for the bridge and more . Recent years have seen much development in the area of the bridge to increase tourist interest . The original `` English Village '' , a quaint English - style open - air mall with hedge maze and historical museum deteriorated , with sections leveled . A revitalization of the English Village was undertaken by the Lake Havasu City Convention & Visitors Bureau . Condos were proposed in 2011 by the owner , Virtual Realty Enterprises .
Vehicle insurance in the United States
A split limit liability coverage policy splits the coverages into property damage coverage and bodily injury coverage . In the example given above , payments for the other driver 's vehicle would be paid out under property damage coverage , and payments for the injuries would be paid out under bodily injury coverage .
Caste system in India
According to social anthropologist Dipankar Gupta , guilds developed during the Mauryan period and crystallised into jatis in post-Mauryan times with the emergence of feudalism in India , which finally crystallised during the 7 -- 12th centuries . However , other scholars dispute when and how jatis developed in Indian history . Barbara Metcalf and Thomas Metcalf , both professors of History , write , `` One of the surprising arguments of fresh scholarship , based on inscriptional and other contemporaneous evidence , is that until relatively recent centuries , social organisation in much of the subcontinent was little touched by the four varnas . Nor were jati the building blocks of society . ''
Lord of the Flies (1990 film)
The child members cast were relatively inexperienced . Balthazar Getty ( Ralph ) and James Badgett Dale ( Simon ) were the only child actors who continued with a moderately successful stage career , in parallel to James Aubrey ( the original Ralph ) .
Colonial history of the United States
In the British colonies , the three forms of government were provincial ( royal colony ) , proprietary , and charter . These governments were all subordinate to the King of England , with no explicit relationship with the British ( Parliament of Great Britain Parliament ) ) . Beginning late in the 17th century , the administration of all British colonies was overseen by the Board of Trade in London . Each colony had a paid colonial agent in London to represent its interests .
List of The Mortal Instruments characters
Isabelle obviously cares for Jace and Alec , and is fiercely protective of both of them . Because of this , she is constantly torn over the fact that her brother is struggling with his sexuality and when Jace is heartbroken over Clary during their supposedly sibling relationship . In City of Glass , she yells at Clary for only thinking of herself and not realizing how much pain Jace is in due to how much he really loves her .
Gilligan's Island
The third recurring theme is the use of dream sequences in which one of the castaways `` dreams '' he or she is some character related to that week 's storyline . All of the castaways appeared as other characters within the dream . In later interviews and memoirs , nearly all of the actors stated that the dream episodes were among their personal favorites .
Vermont
In 2009 the state paid the highest rates for energy ( including heating ) in the U.S. and had the worst affordability gap nationwide .
Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas
The league levied a $350 million relocation fee on the Raiders , which will be paid in ten annual installments beginning in 2019 . This figure is slightly more than half of the $650 million fee that the Rams and Chargers each paid to relocate to Los Angeles .
Hyperinflation
Inflation has affected Venezuelans so much that in 2017 , some people became video game gold farmers and could be seen playing games such as RuneScape to sell in - game currency or characters for real currency . In many cases , these gamers made more money than salaried workers in Venezuela even though they were earning just a few dollars per day . In the Christmas season of 2017 , some shops would no longer use price tags since prices would inflate so quickly , so customers were required to ask staff at stores how much each item was .
History of Texas
The Comanche agreed to a peace treaty in 1785 . The Comanche were willing to fight the enemies of their new friends , and soon attacked the Karankawa . Over the next several years the Comanche killed many of the Karankawa in the area and drove the others into Mexico .
Quakers
Some may profess the priesthood of all believers , a doctrine derived from the First Epistle of Peter . They include those with evangelical , holiness , liberal , and traditional Quaker understandings of Christianity . There are also Nontheist Quakers whose spiritual practice is not reliant on the existence of a Christian God . To differing extents , the different movements that make up the Religious Society of Friends / Friends Church avoid creeds and hierarchical structures . In 2007 , there were about 359,000 adult Quakers worldwide . In 2012 , there were 377,055 adult Quakers , with 52 % in Africa .
Child labour
In post-colonial Ireland , the rate of child exploitation was extremely high as children were used as farm labourers once they were able to walk , these children were never paid for the labour that they carried out on the family farm . Children were wanted and desired in Ireland for the use of their labour on the family farm . Irish parents felt that it was the children 's duty to carry out chores on the family farm
Spanish Inquisition
There was never a tribunal of the Papal Inquisition in Castile . Members of the episcopate were charged with surveillance of the faithful and punishment of transgressors . During the Middle Ages , in Castile , little attention was paid to heresy by the Catholic ruling class . Jews and Muslims were tolerated and generally allowed to follow their traditional laws and customs in domestic matters . However , by law , they were considered inferior to Catholics and were subject to discriminatory legislation .
Sandor Clegane
In A Game of Thrones , he acts as bodyguard and servant to Prince Joffrey Baratheon , who calls him Dog . While escorting Sansa home , he reveals to her how his face was scarred and expresses much resentment of his brutish older brother and towards the concept of knighthood in general . Clegane leads the attack on the Stark forces in the Tower of the Hand .
Red-eye effect
Theatrical followspot operators , positioned nearly coincidentally with a very bright light and somewhat distant from the actors , occasionally witness red - eye in actors on stage . The effect is not visible to the rest of the audience because it is reliant on the very small angle between the followspot operator and the light .
Local government in the United States
After the American Revolution , the electorate chose the governing councils in almost every American municipality , and state governments began issuing municipal charters . During the 19th century , many municipalities were granted charters by the state governments and became technically municipal corporations . Townships and county governments and city councils shared much of the responsibility for decision - making which varied from state to state . As the United States grew in size and complexity , decision - making authority for issues such as business regulation , taxation , environmental regulation moved to state governments and the national government , while local governments retained control over such matters as zoning issues , property taxes , and public parks . The concept of `` zoning '' originated in the U.S. during the 1920s , according to one source , in which state law gave certain townships or other local governing bodies authority to decide how land was used ; a typical zoning ordinance has a map of a parcel of land attached with a statement specifying how that land can be used , how buildings can be laid out , and so forth . Zoning legitimacy was upheld by the Supreme Court in its Euclid v. Ambler decision .
Meet the Quagmires
In addition to the regular cast , the episode featured guest performances by voice actors Luke Adams and Jeff Bergman , actors Adam Carolla and Beth Littleford , and comedian and actor Will Sasso . Recurring guest voices include Alex Breckenridge , voice actors Johnny Brennan and Chris Cox , and writers Mark Hentemann , Alec Sulkin , and John Viener .
Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars)
Charlotte mentions that she kept seeing a blonde girl in a red coat watching the girls and deduced the mysterious entity was Alison . So in order to find out , Charlotte organized the lodge party at Thornhill to trap the girls and lure Alison out of hiding , since she knew her sister would only show up if her friends were in grave danger . Charlotte sent Sara Harvey to distract the Liars and maintain Mona occupied , further explaining that she was a decoy whenever she `` needed her to be '' . Nigel Wright was paid to fake a flight plan to Delaware by Charlotte but the plane actually made its way to the lodge since Sara landed it in a nearby field despite the fog in the area . Shana Fring also showed up with Jenna Marshall to find out if the Liars were going to meet Alison at the request of Melissa Hastings , since she too had her own suspicions . However , both plans went awry and while Jenna was n't noticing , Shana set fire to the lodge since she grew a hatred towards the Liars for blinding Jenna as she later admits to in `` EscApe from New York '' . Sara managed to rescue Aria , Emily and Mona while Alison arrived just in time to save Hanna , giving Charlotte the much needed confirmation that her sister was indeed alive . Knowing that Wilden would never let Alison return and tell her story , Charlotte went to the lake and killed him , dumping his car and body in the middle of town . She then sent Sara dressed as the mysterious woman in a black veil to attend his funeral and ensure he was deceased . The Liars are shocked about this revelation , but Hanna tells Emily that Charlotte is just messing with her . However , Spencer realizes that the authorities have n't arrived to Radley because Sara must 've pretended to dial them .