vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
First Transcontinental Railroad
The route down the eastern Sierras was done on the south side of Donner Lake with a series of switchbacks carved into the mountain . The Truckee River , which drains Lake Tahoe , had already found and scoured out the best route across the Carson Range of mountains east of the Sierras . The route down the rugged Truckee River Canyon , including required bridges , was done ahead of the main summit tunnel completion . To expedite the building of the railroad through the Truckee River canyon , the Central Pacific hauled two small locomotives , railcars , rails and other material on wagons and sleighs to what is now Truckee , California and worked the winter of 1867 -- 68 on their way down Truckee canyon ahead of the tracks being completed to Truckee . In Truckee canyon , five Howe truss bridges had to be built . This gave them a head start on getting to the `` easy '' miles across Nevada .
Godavari River
Godavari enters into Telangana in Nizamabad district at Kandakurthy where Manjira , Haridra rivers joins Godavari and forms Triveni Sangamam . The river flows along the border between Nirmal and Mancherial districts in the north and Nizamabad , Jagityal , Peddapalli Ramagundam districts to its south . About 12 km ( 7.5 mi ) after entering Telangana it merges with the back waters of the Sriram Sagar Dam . The river after emerging through the dam gates , enjoys a wide river bed , often splitting to encase sandy islands . The river receives a minor but significant tributary Kadam river . It then emerges at its eastern side to act as state border with Maharashtra only to later enter into Bhadradri Kothagudem district . In this district the river flows through an important Hindu pilgrimage town -- Bhadrachalam .
War of 1812
The British were potentially most vulnerable over the stretch of the St. Lawrence where it formed the frontier between Upper Canada and the United States . During the early days of the war , there was illicit commerce across the river . Over the winter of 1812 and 1813 , the Americans launched a series of raids from Ogdensburg on the American side of the river , which hampered British supply traffic up the river . On February 21 , Sir George Prévost passed through Prescott on the opposite bank of the river with reinforcements for Upper Canada . When he left the next day , the reinforcements and local militia attacked . At the Battle of Ogdensburg , the Americans were forced to retire .
River Mersey
From Central Stockport the river flows through or past Heaton Mersey , Didsbury , Northenden , Chorlton - cum - Hardy , Stretford , Sale , Ashton on Mersey , Urmston and Flixton , then at Irlam flows into the Manchester Ship Canal , which is the canalised section of the River Irwell at this point . The old course of the Mersey has been obliterated by the canal past Hollins Green to Rixton although the old river bed can be seen outside Irlam and at Warburton . At Rixton the River Bollin enters the canal from the south and the Mersey leaves the canal to the north , meandering through Woolston , where the ship canal company 's dredgings have formed the Woolston Eyes nature reserve , and on to Warrington . The river is tidal from Howley Weir in Warrington , although high spring tides often top the weir . Before construction of the ship canal , work to improve navigation included Woolston New Cut , bypassing a meander , and Howley Lock for craft to avoid the weir ; the new cut and lock are still evident . The island formed between the weir and the lock is known locally as `` Monkey Island '' .
A Series of Unfortunate Events
When describing a character whom the Baudelaires have met before , Snicket often describes the character first and does not reveal the name of the character until they have been thoroughly described . Lemony Snicket starts each book with a `` post-modern dissection of the reading experience '' before linking it back to how he presents the story of the Baudelaires and what their current situation is . Snicket often uses alliteration to name locations , as well as book titles , throughout the story . Many of the books start with a theme being introduced that is continually referenced throughout the book -- such as the repeated comparisons of the words `` nervous '' and `` anxious '' in The Ersatz Elevator , the consistent use of the phrase `` where there 's smoke , there 's fire '' in The Slippery Slope and the descriptions of the water cycle in The Grim Grotto .
New Spain
The Yucatán peninsula can be seen as a cul - de-sac , and it does indeed have unique features , but it also has strong similarities to other areas in the South . The Yucatán peninsula extends into the Gulf of Mexico and was connected to Caribbean trade routes and Mexico City , far more than some other southern regions , such as Oaxaca . There was three main Spanish settlements , the inland city of Mérida , where Spanish civil and religious officials had their headquarters and where the many Spaniards in the province lived . The villa of Campeche was the peninsula 's port , the key gateway for the whole region . A merchant group developed and expanded dramatically as trade flourished during the seventeenth century . Although that period was once characterized as New Spain 's `` century of depression , '' for Yucatán this was certainly not the case , with sustained growth from the early seventeenth century to the end of the colonial period .
Interstate 405 (California)
Except where prefixed with a letter , postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964 , based on the alignment that existed at the time , and do not necessarily reflect current mileage . R reflects a realignment in the route since then , M indicates a second realignment , L refers an overlap due to a correction or change , and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary ( for a full list of prefixes , see the list of postmile definitions ) . Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted . The numbers reset at county lines ; the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column .
Battle of Hampton Roads
The end came first for Virginia . Because the blockade was unbroken , Norfolk was of little strategic use to the Confederacy , and preliminary plans were laid to move the ship up the James River to the vicinity of Richmond . Before adequate preparations could be made , the Confederate Army under Major General Benjamin Huger abandoned the city on May 9 , without consulting anyone from the Navy . Virginia 's draft was too great to permit her to pass up the river , which had a depth of only 18 ft ( 5.5 m ) , and then only under favorable circumstances . She was trapped and could only be captured or sunk by the Union Navy . Rather than allow either , Tatnall decided to destroy his own ship . He had her towed down to Craney Island in Portsmouth , where the gang were taken ashore , and then she was set afire . She burned through the rest of the day and most of the following night ; shortly before dawn , the flames reached her magazine , and she blew up . Engraving
Liz Parker
However , Liz and Max end up falling in love . Max , as an alien , had a profound effect on her , and when they kiss Liz gets images of Max 's past , which help Max , Michael and Isabel discover an Alien Orb . This does n't last long , as Tess Harding arrives in Roswell and begins to influence Max in a strange way . Liz sees Max and Tess kiss and is heartbroken , but after hearing Max out she and the others start to believe that Tess could be the fourth alien named Nasedo using a female appearance and she 's influencing Max 's thoughts by making him hallucinate . She forgives him and with her help the group discovers that Tess is not Nacedo but another hybrid like Max , Michael and Isabel and her unique power is to create mindwarps .
Savannah, Georgia
The Savannah International Trade & Convention Center is located on Hutchinson Island , across from downtown Savannah and surrounded by the Savannah River . The Belles Ferry connects the island with the mainland , as does the Eugene Talmadge Memorial Bridge .
We Didn't Start the Fire
China 's under martial law : On May 20 , China declares martial law , resulting in the use of military forces against protesting students to end the Tiananmen Square protests . Rock - and - roller cola wars : Soft drink giants Coke and Pepsi each run marketing campaigns using rock & roll and popular music stars to reach the teenage and young adult demographic .
Axis powers
On 25 November 1941 , Hungary was one of thirteen signatories to the revived Anti-Comintern Pact . Hungarian troops , like their Axis counterparts , were involved in numerous actions against the Soviets . By the end of 1943 , the Soviets had gained the upper hand and the Germans were retreating . The Hungarian Second Army was destroyed in fighting on the Voronezh Front , on the banks of the Don River . In 1944 , with Soviet troops advancing toward Hungary , Horthy attempted to reach an armistice with the Allies . However , the Germans replaced the existing regime with a new one . After fierce fighting , Budapest was taken by the Soviets . A number of pro-German Hungarians retreated to Italy and Germany , where they fought until the end of the war . MÁVAG
Red River War
Red River Part of the American Indian Wars A Kiowa ledger drawing possibly depicting the Buffalo Wallow battle in 1874 , one of several clashes between Southern Plains Indians and the U.S. Army during the Red River War . Date 1874 -- 75 Location Northern Plains Result United States Victory - End of the Texas -- Indian wars Belligerents United States Cheyenne Arapaho Comanche Kiowa
River Song (Doctor Who)
Included with the series six DVD release , the exclusive - to - DVD bonus five - part serial Night and the Doctor ( 2011 ) references River throughout , with River appearing in the mini-episodes `` First Night '' and `` Last Night '' . The serial helps explain the depth of the relationship shared by River and the Doctor -- despite only appearing in 15 ( 14 plus one flashback , as of 2016 ) episodes of the television series -- when Amy Pond discovers that the Doctor goes on dates with River when Amy and Rory sleep at night in the TARDIS . During the serial , the Doctor attempts to take River on a date shortly after she is imprisoned in Stormcage , but their time in the TARDIS is interrupted by two future incarnations of River , and all are in turn suspicious of the signs of `` another woman '' being aboard the TARDIS . The Doctor is able to be rid of the two future Rivers , but not before learning from his future self that one of them is shortly to die in the Library adventure where he first met her . ( It is later revealed in `` The Husbands of River Song '' that the Eleventh Doctor ultimately cancelled this date , and it is the Twelfth Doctor who ends up taking River to the Singing Towers . )
Admission to the bar in the United States
As a result , in most jurisdictions anyone with a J.D. ( or equivalent experience in the states that allow it ) may take the bar exam and be admitted to the bar , and then may immediately seek out clients and start filing papers with a court . The current system has been criticized on the grounds that clients often end up subsidizing the apprenticeship of young lawyers .
Alice (TV series)
Alice is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from August 31 , 1976 , to March 19 , 1985 . The series is based on the 1974 film Alice Does n't Live Here Anymore . The show stars Linda Lavin in the title role , a widow who moves with her young son to start life over again , and finds a job working at a roadside diner in a suburb of Phoenix , Arizona . Most of the episodes revolve around events at Mel 's Diner , where Alice is employed .
Godavari River
In Maharashtra state where it takes origin , the river has an extensive course , the upper basin ( origin to its confluence with Manjira ) of which lies entirely within the state , cumulatively draining an area as large as 152,199 km ( 58,764 sq mi ) -- about half the area of Maharashtra . Within Nashik District the river assumes a north - easterly course till it flows into the Gangapur Reservoir created by a dam of the same name . The reservoir along with the Kashypi Dam provides potable water to Nashik , one of the largest cities located on its banks . The river as it emerges through the dam , some 8 km ( 5.0 mi ) upstream from Nashik , flows on a rocky bed undulated by a series of chasms and rocky ledges , resulting in the formation of two significant waterfalls -- the Gangapur waterfalls and the Someshwar Waterfalls , the latter , located at Someshwar and more popularly known as the Dudhsagar Waterfall About 10 km ( 6.2 mi ) east of Gangapur the river passes the town of Nashik where it collects its effluents in the form of the river Nasardi on its right bank .
Portuguese Mozambique
By the 1530s , small groups of Portuguese traders and prospectors penetrated the interior regions seeking gold , where they set up garrisons and trading posts at Sena and Tete on the Zambezi River and tried to gain exclusive control over the gold trade . The Portuguese finally entered into direct relations with the Mwenemutapa in the 1560s .
Gene
Additionally , a `` start codon '' , and three `` stop codons '' indicate the beginning and end of the protein coding region . There are 64 possible codons ( four possible nucleotides at each of three positions , hence 4 possible codons ) and only 20 standard amino acids ; hence the code is redundant and multiple codons can specify the same amino acid . The correspondence between codons and amino acids is nearly universal among all known living organisms .
Trinity Western University
Tennis courts , an indoor rock wall , and practice fields are also located on campus . Though the university does not sponsor rowing teams , there are rowing facilities on the Fraser River . The cross country and track and field teams train at the Township of Langley 's McLeod Athletic Park , the host park of the B.C. high school championships and the 2010 British Columbia Games . The Redwoods and Belmont golf courses are both located minutes from campus .
Valparaiso Moraine
Many towns in northwest Indiana and northeast Illinois are named after the Valparaiso Moraine or the Tinley Moraine . Also , many small creeks or rivers start in the Valparaiso Moraine . The moraine itself was named after the city of Valparaiso , Indiana , where the moraine is narrower and higher than in other places .
History of Arkansas
The first European settlement in Arkansas was Arkansas Post , established in 1686 by Henri De Tonti . The post disbanded for unknown reasons in 1699 but was reestablished in 1721 in the same location . Located slightly upriver from the confluence of the Arkansas River and Mississippi River , the remote post was a center of trade and home base for fur trappers in the region to trade their wares . The French settlers mingled and in some cases even intermarried with Quapaw natives , sharing a dislike of English and Chickasaw , who were allies at the time . A moratorium on furs imposed by Canada severely affected the post 's economy , and many settlers began to move out of the Mississippi River Valley . Scottish banker John Law saw the struggling post and attempted to entice settlers to emigrate from Germany to start an agriculture settlement at Arkansas Post , but his efforts failed when Law - created Mississippi Bubble burst in 1720 . The French maintained the post throughout this time mostly due to its strategic significance along the Mississippi River . The post was moved back further from the Mississippi River in 1749 after the English with their Chickasaw allies attacked , it was moved downriver in 1756 to be closer to a Qua - paw defensive line that had been established , and to serve , as an repent , or trading post , during the Seven Years ' War and prevent attacks from the Spanish along the Mississippi . After the war ended , the post was again moved upriver out of the floodplain in 1779 .
Wonder Woman (2017 film)
The team learns that a gala will be held at the nearby German High Command . Steve and Diana separately infiltrate the party , with Steve intending to locate the gas and destroy it , while Diana intends to kill Ludendorff , believing that he is Ares and thus killing him will end the war . Steve stops her to avoid jeopardizing his mission , but this allows Ludendorff to unleash the gas on Veld , killing its inhabitants . Blaming Steve for intervening , Diana pursues Ludendorff to a base where the gas is being loaded into a bomber aircraft bound for London . Diana fights and kills Ludendorff , but is confused and disillusioned when his death does not stop the war .
Results of the War of 1812
During the war , British officers constantly worried that the Americans would block the St. Lawrence River , which forms part of the Canada -- U.S. border . If the U.S. military had done so , there would have been no British supply route for Upper Canada , where most of the land battles took place , and British forces would likely have had to withdraw or surrender all western British territory within a few months . British officers ' dispatches after the war exhibited astonishment that the Americans never took such a simple step , but the British were not willing to count on the enemy repeating the mistake : as a result , Britain commissioned the Rideau Canal , an expensive project connecting Kingston , on Lake Ontario , to the Ottawa River , providing an alternative supply route that bypassed the part of the St. Lawrence River along the U.S. border . The settlement at the northeastern end of the canal , where it joins the Ottawa River , later became the city of Ottawa , Canada 's fourth - largest city and its capital ( placed inland to protect it from U.S. invasion -- known then as the ' defensible back - country ' ) . Because population away from the St. Lawrence shores was negligible , the British , in the years following the war , took great lengths to ensure that back - country settlement was increased . They settled soldiers and initiated assisted - immigration schemes , offering free land to farmers , mostly tenants of estates in the south of Ireland . The canal project was not completed until 1832 and was never used for its intended purpose .
Tara Knowles
The Jax - Tara relationship soon seems to disintegrate after his ex-wife Wendy returns from rehab . In the penultimate season - one episode `` The Sleep of Babies '' , Tara is seen sleeping alone while Jax and Wendy make love . In the final episode of the first season , `` The Revelator '' , Tara tells Jax that she has arranged to return to Chicago as she does not believe she is cut out for life in Charming . This angers Jax , and he storms off . At the end of the episode Tara is seen to have changed her mind , and she turns up at Donna 's funeral , where she and Jax share a kiss .
Artemis
Alpheus , a river god , was in love with Artemis , but he realizes that he can do nothing to win her heart . So he decides to capture her . Artemis , who is with her companions at Letrenoi , goes to Alpheus , but , suspicious of his motives , she covers her face with mud so that the river god does not recognize her . In another story , Alphaeus tries to rape Artemis ' attendant Arethusa . Artemis pities Arethusa and saves her by transforming Arethusa into a spring in Artemis ' temple , Artemis Alphaea in Letrini , where the goddess and her attendant drink .
Summer Time in Europe
Historically the countries of Europe had different practices for observing Summer Time , but this hindered coordination of transport , communications and movements . Starting in 1981 the European Community began issuing directives requiring member states to legislate particular start and end dates for Summer Time .
Geography of Florida
The state line begins in the Atlantic Ocean , traveling west , south , and north up the thalweg of the Saint Mary 's River . At the origin of that river , it then follows a straight line nearly due west and slightly north , to the point where the confluence of the Flint River ( from Georgia ) and the Chattahoochee River ( down the Alabama / Georgia line ) used to form Florida 's Apalachicola River . ( Since Woodruff Dam was built , this point has been under Lake Seminole . ) The border with Georgia continues north through the lake for a short distance up the former thalweg of the Chattahoochee , then with Alabama runs due west along 31 ° N to the Perdido River , then south along its thalweg to the Gulf via Perdido Bay . Much of the state is at or near sea level. Florida is also 65,755 square miles .
United States embargo against Cuba
Some American business leaders openly call for an end to the embargo . They argue , as long as the embargo continues , non-U.S. foreign businesses in Cuba that violate the embargo , do not have to compete with U.S. businesses , and thus , will have a head start when and if the embargo is lifted .
List of The League of Gentlemen characters
More importantly , at the end of Series 1 , he attempts to escape from Royston Vasey , and is last seen entering Tubbs and Edward 's shop . After some time missing , he returns at the start of Series 2 , dressed in a grass skirt and coconut bra , covered in mud , and collapsing , uttering the word `` local '' as the camera zooms in on the snow globe he was carrying .
Battle of Long Island
Commander of the artillery Henry Knox persuaded Washington to transfer 400 to 500 soldiers , who lacked muskets or guns , to crew the artillery . In early June , Knox and Greene inspected the land at the north end of Manhattan and decided to establish Fort Washington . Fort Constitution , later renamed Fort Lee , was planned opposite Fort Washington on the Hudson River . The forts were hoped to discourage the British ships from sailing up the Hudson River .
Pennsylvania Turnpike
The road then approaches the Warrendale toll plaza , where toll ticketing begins , and continues southeast to an interchange with PA 8 in Hampton Township . The turnpike then comes to the Allegheny Valley exit in Harmar Township , which provides access to PA 28 via Freeport Road . East of this interchange , the road heads south and crosses the Allegheny River on the six - lane Allegheny River Turnpike Bridge .
The Angels Take Manhattan
The episode received mostly positive reviews . Dan Martin of The Guardian gave a positive review , writing , `` This was a fitting end to a golden era , and bravo to Steven Moffat for telling such an involving , emotional story with such style '' . He also praised the concept of the cherubs and the Angels in New York . However , he noted that he was `` flummoxed '' as to where in River 's timeline the episode took place . The Daily Telegraph reviewer Gavin Fuller gave it five out of five stars , concluding `` ' The Angels Take Manhattan ' brought this mini-run of the series to a close with easily the best episode of the five : a powerful , taut , compelling , filmic , emotionally punchy affair which re-established the Angels as one of the standout monsters of the series and gave Amy Pond a fine send off '' . While he praised the four actors he felt Gillan was the star , and noted that Rory did not `` get any sort of send - off '' . Keith Phipps of The A.V. Club gave `` The Angels Take Manhattan '' a grade of A , attributing its success to `` the way it does double duty as a twist adventure and a highly emotional story of farewells '' .
A Series of Unfortunate Events
The plots of the first seven books follow the same basic pattern : the Baudelaires go to a new guardian in a new location , where Count Olaf appears and attempts to steal their fortune . The books following pick up where the previous book ended . There are thirteen books in the series and each book has thirteen chapters . The last book in the series , The End , contains two stories : The End , which has 13 chapters , and a separate `` book '' that is titled Chapter Fourteen .