vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Latin America
In 1954 , when Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala accepted the support of communists and attacked holdings of the United Fruit Company , the US decided to assist Guatemalan counter-revolutionaries in overthrowing Arbenz . These interventionist tactics featured the use of the CIA rather than the military , which was used in Latin America for the majority of the Cold War in events including the overthrow of Salvador Allende . Latin America was more concerned with issues of economic development , while the United States focused on fighting communism , even though the presence of communism was small in Latin America . Cuban
Atlantic Ocean
The opening of the Atlantic Ocean coincided with the initial break - up of the supercontinent Pangaea , both of which were initiated by the eruption of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province ( CAMP ) , one of the most extensive and voluminous large igneous provinces in Earth 's history associated with the Triassic -- Jurassic extinction event , one of Earth 's major extinction events . Theoliitic dikes , sills , and lava flows from the CAMP eruption at 200 Ma have been found in West Africa , eastern North America , and northern South America . The extent of the volcanism has been estimated to 4.5 × 10 km ( 1.7 × 10 sq mi ) of which 2.5 × 10 km ( 9.7 × 10 sq mi ) covered what is now northern and central Brazil .
Primate
In Central and South America forest fragmentation and hunting are the two main problems for primates . Large tracts of forest are now rare in Central America . This increases the amount of forest vulnerable to edge effects such as farmland encroachment , lower levels of humidity and a change in plant life . Movement restriction results in a greater amount of inbreeding , which can cause deleterious effects leading to a population bottleneck , whereby a significant percentage of the population is lost .
North America
The largest countries of the continent , Canada and the United States , also contain well - defined and recognized regions . In the case of Canada these are the British Columbia Coast , Canadian Prairies , Central Canada , Atlantic Canada , and Northern Canada . These regions also contain many subregions . In the case of the United States -- and in accordance with the US Census Bureau definitions -- these regions are : New England , Mid-Atlantic , East North Central States , West North Central States , South Atlantic States , East South Central States , West South Central States , Mountain States , and Pacific States . Regions shared between both nations included the Great Lakes Region . Megalopolises have also formed between both nations in the case of the Pacific Northwest and the Great Lakes Megaregion .
Mains electricity
Most of Europe , Africa , Asia , Australia , New Zealand and most of South America use a supply that is within 6 % of 230 V. In the UK and Australia the nominal supply voltage is 230 V + 10 % / − 6 % to accommodate the fact that most supplies are in fact still 240 V . The United States uses a supply voltage of 120 volts + / - 6 % . Japan , Taiwan , Saudi Arabia , North America , Central America and some parts of northern South America use a voltage between 100 V and 127 V . The 230 V standard has become widespread so that 230 V equipment can be used in most parts of the world with the aid of an adapter or a change to the equipment 's connection plug for the specific country .
Geography of Florida
Since their accidental importation from South America into North America in the 1930s , the red imported fire ant population has increased its territorial range to include most of the Southern United States , including Florida . They are more aggressive than most native ant species and have a painful sting .
Latin America
Archaeologists have deciphered over 15 pre-Columbian distinct writing systems from mesoamerican societies . the ancient Maya had the most sophisticated textually written language , but since texts were largely confined to the religious and administrative elite , traditions were passed down orally . oral traditions also prevailed in other major indigenous groups including , but not limited to the Aztecs and other Nahuatl speakers , Quechua and Aymara of the Andean regions , the Quiché of Central America , the Tupi - Guaraní in today 's Brazil , the Guaraní in Paraguay and the Mapuche in Chile .
Hawaii
Hawaii ( English : / həˈwaɪ. i , - ji , - ʔi / ( listen ) hə - WY - ( y ) ee ; Hawaiian : Hawai ʻi ( həˈvɐjʔi ) ) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America , having received statehood on August 21 , 1959 . Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands . It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia , occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean . Hawaii is the only U.S. state located outside North America .
French and Indian War
Most of the fighting ended in continental North America in 1760 , although it continued in Europe between France and Britain . The notable exception was the French seizure of St. John 's , Newfoundland . General Amherst heard of this surprise action and immediately dispatched troops under his nephew William Amherst , who regained control of Newfoundland after the Battle of Signal Hill in September 1762 . Many troops from North America were reassigned to participate in further British actions in the West Indies , including the capture of Spanish Havana when Spain belatedly entered the conflict on the side of France , and a British expedition against French Martinique in 1762 led by Major General Robert Monckton .
Snow White and the Huntsman
Snow White and the Huntsman earned $155,332,381 in North America , along with $241,260,448 in other territories , for a worldwide total of $396,592,829 . In North America , the film earned $1,383,000 from midnight showings . For its opening day , the film topped the box office with $20,468,525 . It debuted in first place at the box office during its opening weekend with $56,217,700 . It is the seventeenth highest - grossing 2012 film . Outside North America , Snow White and the Huntsman had an opening of $39.3 million , ranking second overall for the weekend behind Men in Black 3 ; however , it ranked number 1 in 30 countries .
Foreign policy of the United States
Australia and New Zealand Japan South Korea Philippines Thailand , with other states formerly in the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization Most countries in South America , Central America , and the Caribbean , through the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
British North America Acts
Canada dates its history as a country to the British North America Act , 1867 , which came into effect on July 1 , 1867 . However , Canada was not established as fully independent , since the United Kingdom retained legislative control over Canada and full control over Canadian foreign policy . Canada did not have any foreign embassies until its first one was established in Washington , D.C. , in 1931 . Until 1949 , changes to the British North America Acts could be made only by the British parliament . The British North America ( No. 2 ) Act , 1949 , gave the Parliament of Canada the power to make limited constitutional amendments , but full Canadian control over the constitution was not achieved until the passage of the Canada Act 1982 . This long delay was in large part due to the inability to agree upon a procedure for making constitutional amendments that was acceptable to all of the provinces , in particular the Province of Quebec .
North America
In France , Italy , Portugal , Spain , Romania , Greece , and the countries of Latin America , the cognates of North America usually designate a subcontinent of the Americas comprising Canada , the United States , and Mexico , and often Greenland , Saint Pierre et Miquelon , and Bermuda .
Latin America
The distinction between Latin America and Anglo - America is a convention based on the predominant languages in the Americas by which Romance - language and English - speaking cultures are distinguished . Neither area is culturally or linguistically homogeneous ; in substantial portions of Latin America ( e.g. , highland Peru , Bolivia , Mexico , Guatemala ) , Native American cultures and , to a lesser extent , Amerindian languages , are predominant , and in other areas , the influence of African cultures is strong ( e.g. , the Caribbean basin -- including parts of Colombia and Venezuela ) .
Hindu temple
Many members of the South Asian diaspora have established Hindu mandirs outside India as a means of preserving and celebrating cultural and spiritual heritage abroad . Describing the hundreds of mandirs that can be found throughout the United States , scholar Gail M. Harley observes , `` The temples serve as central locations where Hindus can come together to worship during holy festivals and socialize with other Hindus . Temples in America reflect the colorful kaleidoscopic aspects contained in Hinduism while unifying people who are disbursed throughout the American landscape . '' Numerous mandirs in North America and Europe have gained particular prominence and acclaim . The Hindu Temple Society of North America , representing Sri Maha Vallabha Ganapati Devasthanam ( Sanskrit : श्री महावल्लभ गणपति देवस्थानम् , Tamil : ஸ்ரீ மகா வல்லப கணபதி தேவஸ்தானம் ) , in Flushing , Queens , New York City , is the oldest Hindu temple in the Western Hemisphere , and its canteen feeds 4,000 people a week , with as many as 10,000 during the Diwali ( Deepavali ) holiday .
Cherry
Cherries have a short growing season and can grow in most temperate latitudes . Cherries blossom in April ( in the Northern Hemisphere ) and the peak season for the cherry harvest is in the summer . In southern Europe in June , in North America in June , in England in mid-July , and in southern British Columbia ( Canada ) in June to mid-August . In many parts of North America , they are among the first tree fruits to flower and ripen in mid-Spring .
Culture of El Salvador
The culture of El Salvador is similar to other countries in Latin America , and more specifically to other countries in Central America . Mestizo culture dominates the country , influenced by culture clash of ancient Mesoamerica and medieval Iberian Peninsula .
Conquistador
The minister Don Mariano Luis de Urquijo recommended Alexander von Humboldt 's American expedition to the King of Spain , the Humboldt expedition reached South America in 1799 and departed from North America in 1804 .
Slash-and-burn
In industrialized regions , including Europe and North America , the practice was abandoned with the introduction of market agriculture and land ownership . Slash - and - burn agriculture was initially practiced by European pioneers in North America such as Daniel Boone and his family , who cleared land in the Appalachian Mountains during the late 18th and early 19th centuries . However , land cleared by slash - and - burn farmers was eventually taken over by systems of land tenure focusing on long - term improvement and discouraging practices associated with slash - and - burn agriculture . Northern
Latin America
According to the detailed Pew multi-country survey in 2014 , 69 % of the Latin American population is Catholic and 19 % is Protestant . Protestants are 26 % in Brazil and over 40 % in much of Central America . More than half of these are converts from Roman Catholicism .
Finding Dory
The film premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on June 8 , 2016 , and was released in the United States on June 17 , 2016 . Upon release , the film was well - received by critics and grossed over $1 billion worldwide , becoming the second Pixar film to cross $1 billion after 2010 's Toy Story 3 , the third highest - grossing film of 2016 and the 22nd - highest - grossing of all - time at the time of its theatrical run . The film set numerous box office records , including the biggest opening for an animated film in North America , and the highest - grossing animated film in North America .
Sword Art Online
The anime has been licensed in North America by Aniplex of America and an English - language dub premiered on Adult Swim 's Toonami from July 27 , 2013 to February 15 , 2014 . The series was released by Aniplex of America in four DVD and Blu - ray sets , with special extras on the BD sets , between August 13 and November 19 , 2013 . Manga Entertainment released the first series on BD / DVD in the United Kingdom in December 2013 , whilst Madman Entertainment released the series in Australia and the English - language version began airing on ABC3 on June 7 , 2014 . Sword Art Online has been available on Netflix in North America since March 15 , 2014 .
France–United Kingdom relations
The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America . Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force . Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out , initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years ' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions .
Bank of America
Bank of America operated under the name BankBoston in many other Latin American countries , including Brazil . In 2006 , Bank of America sold BankBoston 's operations to Brazilian bank Banco Itaú , in exchange for Itaú shares . The BankBoston name and trademarks were not part of the transaction and , as part of the sale agreement , can not be used by Bank of America ( ending the BankBoston brand ) .
Atlantic Ocean
The break - up of Pangaea began in the Central Atlantic , between North America and Northwest Africa , where rift basins opened during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic . This period also saw the first stages of the uplift of the Atlas Mountains . The exact timing is controversial with estimates ranging from 200 to 170 Ma .
Presidency of Abraham Lincoln
Throughout the first year and a half of his presidency , Lincoln made it clear that the North was fighting the war to preserve the Union and not to end slavery . Lincoln did seek the eventual abolition of slavery and explored the idea of compensated emancipation , including one proposed test case which would have seen all Delaware slaves freed by 1872 . He also met with Fredrick Douglass and other black leaders , discussing the possibility of a colonization project in Central America . Abolitionists criticized Lincoln for his slowness in moving from his initial position of non-interference with slavery to one of emancipation . In an August 1862 letter to anti-slavery journalist Horace Greeley , he explained :
Fairy Tail
Fairy Tail was originally licensed for an English language release in North America by Del Rey Manga , which began releasing the individual volumes on March 25 , 2008 and ended its licensing with the 12th volume release in September 2010 . In December 2010 , Kodansha USA took over North American release of the series . The Southeast Asian network Animax Asia aired an English - language version of the anime for seven seasons from 2010 to 2015 . The anime has been licensed by Funimation for an English - language release in North America . As of February 2017 , Fairy Tail has 60 million copies in print .
Adams–Onís Treaty
On 16 July 1741 , the crew of the Imperial Russian Navy ship Saint Peter ( Апостол Пётр ) , captained by Vitus Bering , sighted Mount Saint Elias , the fourth - highest summit in North America . They became the first Europeans to land in northwestern North America . The Russian fur trade soon followed the discovery . By 1812 , the Russian Empire claimed Alaska and the Pacific Coast of North America as far south as the Russian settlement of Fortress Ross , only 105 kilometers ( 65 miles ) northwest of the Spain 's Presidio Real de San Francisco .
Starbucks
The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo , Japan , in 1996 . On December 4 , 1997 , the Philippines became the third market to open outside North America with its first branch in the country located at 6750 Ayala Building in Makati City , Philippines . Starbucks entered the U.K. market in 1998 with the $83 million USD acquisition of the then 56 - outlet , UK - based Seattle Coffee Company , re-branding all the stores as Starbucks . In September 2002 , Starbucks opened its first store in Latin America , at Mexico City . Currently , there are over 500 locations in Mexico and there are plans for the opening of up to 850 by 2018 .
Bobcat
The bobcat is believed to have evolved from the Eurasian lynx , which crossed into North America by way of the Bering Land Bridge during the Pleistocene , with progenitors arriving as early as 2.6 million years ago . The first wave moved into the southern portion of North America , which was soon cut off from the north by glaciers . This population evolved into modern bobcats around 20,000 years ago . A second population arrived from Asia and settled in the north , developing into the modern Canada lynx . Hybridization between the bobcat and the Canada lynx may sometimes occur .
Results of the War of 1812
When the United States attacked British North America , most of the British forces were engaged in the Napoleonic Wars . Thus , British North America had minimal troops to defend against the United States , who had a much larger ( though poorly trained ) military force . For most of the war , British North America stood alone against a much stronger American force . Reinforcements from the United Kingdom did not arrive until 1814 , the final year of the war . The repelling of the American force helped to foster British loyalties in the colonies that later became Canada .
Four continents
Europeans in the 16th century divided the world into four continents : Africa , America , Asia and Europe . Each of the four continents was seen to represent its quadrant of the world -- Europe in the north , Asia in the east , Africa in the south , and America in the west . This division fit the Renaissance sensibilities of the time , which also divided the world into four seasons , four classical elements , four cardinal directions , four classical virtues , etc .
Ecuador
Various peoples had settled in the area of the future Ecuador before the arrival of the Incas . The archeological evidence suggests that the Paleo - Indians ' first dispersal into the Americas occurred near the end of the last glacial period , around 16,500 -- 13,000 years ago . The first Indians who reached Ecuador may have journeyed by land from North and Central America or by boat down the Pacific Ocean coastline . Much later migrations to Ecuador may have come via the Amazon tributaries , others descended from northern South America , and others ascended from the southern part of South America through the Andes . They developed different languages while emerging as unique ethnic groups .
Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
The British had responded to the French challenge in North America by striking at the heart of New France . Though it had been a long and costly series of campaigns , it proved to be one of the most successful of Pitt 's policies . While a modest French presence remained in Illinois and Louisiana the fighting served to end any significant French military threats in North America for good .
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
Many of those on the Cortés expedition of 1519 had never seen combat before , including Cortés . A whole generation of Spaniards later participated in expeditions in the Caribbean and Tierra Firme ( Central America ) , learning strategy and tactics of successful enterprises . The Spanish conquest of Mexico had antecedents with established practices .
List of the oldest Scout groups
In the spring of 1908 , Canada became the first overseas Dominion with a sanctioned Boy Scout program . The 1st Merrickville Scout Troop , founded in 1908 , is the oldest Scout troop in North America . Reference `` 75 Years of Scouting in Canada '' . The 1st Port Morien Group claims to be the first Scout Group in North America . The Nova Scotia Council of Scouts Canada recognized the centennial of the Port Morien Group by providing a crest to all Nova Scotian Scouts Canada members . Gibraltar
Russian Orthodox Church
It was moved again in the last part of the same century , this time to New York , New York . This transfer coincided with a great movement of Greek - Catholics to the Orthodox Church in the East of the United States . This movement , which increased the numbers of Orthodox Christians in America , resulted from a conflict between John Ireland , the politically powerful Roman Catholic Archbishop of Saint Paul , Minnesota ; and Alexis Toth , an influential Ruthenian Catholic priest of St. Mary 's church in Minneapolis . Archbishop Ireland 's refusal to accept Fr . Toth 's credentials as a priest induced Fr . Toth to convert St. Mary 's to the Orthodox Church , and further resulted in the conversion of tens of thousands of other Greek - Catholics in North America to the Orthodox Church under his guidance and inspiration . For this reason , Ireland is sometimes ironically remembered as the `` Father of the Orthodox Church in America '' . These Greek - Catholics were received into Orthodoxy into the existing North American diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church . At the same time large numbers of Greeks and other Orthodox Christians were also immigrating to America . At this time all Orthodox Christians in North America were united under the omophorion ( church authority and protection ) of the Patriarch of Moscow , through the Russian Church 's North American diocese . The unity was not merely theoretical , but was a reality , since there was then no other diocese on the continent . Under the aegis of this diocese , which at the turn of the 20th century was ruled by Bishop ( and future Patriarch ) Tikhon , Orthodox Christians of various ethnic backgrounds were ministered to , both non-Russian and Russian ; a Syro - Arab mission was established under the episcopal leadership of Saint Raphael of Brooklyn , who was the first Orthodox bishop to be consecrated in America .
Coal
In North America , Central Appalachian coal futures contracts are currently traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange ( trading symbol QL ) . The trading unit is 1,550 short tons ( 1,410 t ) per contract , and is quoted in U.S. dollars and cents per ton . Coal futures contracts provide coal producers and the electric power industry an important tool for hedging and risk management .
Bald eagle
The bald eagle 's natural range covers most of North America , including most of Canada , all of the continental United States , and northern Mexico . It is the only sea eagle endemic to North America . Occupying varied habitats from the bayous of Louisiana to the Sonoran Desert and the eastern deciduous forests of Quebec and New England , northern birds are migratory , while southern birds are resident , remaining on their breeding territory all year . At minimum population , in the 1950s , it was largely restricted to Alaska , the Aleutian Islands , northern and eastern Canada , and Florida . Today , they are much more common , and nest in every continental state and province in the United States and Canada .