vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Mars
Liquid water can not exist on the surface of Mars due to low atmospheric pressure , which is less than 1 % that of Earth 's , except at the lowest elevations for short periods . The two polar ice caps appear to be made largely of water . The volume of water ice in the south polar ice cap , if melted , would be sufficient to cover the entire planetary surface to a depth of 11 meters ( 36 ft ) . A permafrost mantle stretches from the pole to latitudes of about 60 ° . Large quantities of water ice are thought to be trapped within the thick cryosphere of Mars . Radar data from Mars Express and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show large quantities of water ice at both poles ( July 2005 ) and at middle latitudes ( November 2008 ) . The Phoenix lander directly sampled water ice in shallow Martian soil on July 31 , 2008 . Photomicrograph
Tyrannosaurus
Tyrannosaurus may have been slow to turn , possibly taking one to two seconds to turn only 45 ° -- an amount that humans , being vertically oriented and tailless , can spin in a fraction of a second . The cause of the difficulty is rotational inertia , since much of Tyrannosaurus ' mass was some distance from its center of gravity , like a human carrying a heavy timber horizontally -- although it might have reduced the average distance by arching its back and tail and pulling its head and forelimbs close to its body , rather like the way ice skaters pull their arms closer in order to spin faster .
Types of volcanic eruptions
Products of volcano - ice interactions stand as various structures , whose shape is dependent on complex eruptive and environmental interactions . Glacial volcanism is a good indicator of past ice distribution , making it an important climatic marker . Since they are imbedded in ice , as ice retracts worldwide there are concerns that tuyas and other structures may destabalize , resulting in mass landslides . Evidence of volcanic - glacial interactions are evident in Iceland and parts of British Columbia , and it is even possible that they play a role in deglaciation . Herðubreið
Peyton Sawyer
Burton said she herself was torn between cheerleading and hobbies which would not necessarily be considered hobbies of a cheerleader while in high school . `` That 's part of the reason I took the show , because I was like , holy cow , this was me in high school . '' Burton said there are always stereotypes in high school . `` People get put into groups . `` You 're a jock , you 're a cheerleader , you 're a freak , you 're in the drama department . I had a lot of trouble fitting into those groups when I was in high school because I wanted to be a part of all of them , '' she said . `` I think that 's how a lot of people are . Some people have the nerve to go ahead and branch out and be a part of everything and some people do n't . '' She said One Tree Hill represents people who are multidimensional and who like more than one thing . `` People do like more than one thing . It 's nice that ( One Tree Hill ) shows that , '' she stated .
Arctic Ocean
There is considerable seasonal variation in how much pack ice of the Arctic ice pack covers the Arctic Ocean . Much of the Arctic ice pack is also covered in snow for about 10 months of the year . The maximum snow cover is in March or April -- about 20 to 50 cm ( 7.9 to 19.7 in ) over the frozen ocean .
Glass (surname)
born American architect and industrial designer Hugh Glass ( 1780 -- 1833 ) , fur trapper and frontiersman Ira Glass ( born 1959 ) , host of This American Life Jeff Glass ( athlete ) ( born 1962 ) , Canadian hurdler Jeff Glass ( ice hockey ) ( born 1985 ) , American Hockey League goaltender Jesse Glass ( born 1954 ) , American writer and poet Jimmy Glass ( born 1973 ) , English former football goalkeeper Joanna Glass ( born 1936 ) , Canadian playwright Joseph Glass ( 1791 -- 1867 ) , English inventor of chimney - sweeping apparatus Joseph Sarsfield Glass ( 1874 -- 1926 ) , American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church Julia Glass ( born 1956 ) , American writer Kim Glass ( born 1984 ) , American volleyball player Leslie Glass ( model ) ( 1963 -- 2000 ) , American model and porn performer Louis Glass ( 1864 -- 1936 ) , Danish composer Max Glass ( 1881 - 1965 ) , Austrian film producer Pat Glass ( born 1957 ) , British politician ( MP for North West Durham ) Philip Glass ( born 1937 ) , minimalist composer Presley T. Glass ( 1824 -- 1902 ) , American politician Ron Glass ( 1945 -- 2016 ) , American actor Shaun Glass , guitarist for the band SOiL Solomon Glass ( 1893 -- 1973 ) , philatelist of Baltimore , Maryland Stephen Glass ( born 1972 ) , disgraced journalist Stephen Glass ( footballer ) ( born 1976 ) , Scottish footballer Tanner Glass ( born 1983 ) , Pittsburgh Penguins center Todd Glass ( born 1964 ) , American Stand - up Comedian Walter Glaß ( 1905 -- 1981 ) , German skier
Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers
Chip ' n Dale ( Rescue Rangers outfits ) was appeared on the Ice show Walt Disney 's World on Ice : 10th Anniversary in 1990 .
Climate of the Arctic
Climatically , Greenland is divided into two very separate regions : the coastal region , much of which is ice free , and the inland ice sheet . The Greenland Ice Sheet covers about 80 % of Greenland , extending to the coast in places , and has an average elevation of 2,100 m ( 6,900 ft ) and a maximum elevation of 3,200 m ( 10,500 ft ) . Much of the ice sheet remains below freezing all year , and it has the coldest climate of any part of the Arctic . Coastal areas can be affected by nearby open water , or by heat transfer through sea ice from the ocean , and many parts lose their snow cover in summer , allowing them to absorb more solar radiation and warm more than the interior .
North Pole
The sea ice at the North Pole is typically around 2 to 3 m ( 6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in ) thick , although ice thickness , its spatial extent , and the fraction of open water within the ice pack can vary rapidly and profoundly in response to weather and climate . Studies have shown that the average ice thickness has decreased in recent years . It is likely that global warming has contributed to this , but it is not possible to attribute the recent abrupt decrease in thickness entirely to the observed warming in the Arctic . Reports have also predicted that within a few decades the Arctic Ocean will be entirely free of ice in the summer . This may have significant commercial implications ; see `` Territorial Claims , '' below .
Climate of the Arctic
In the early 1930s the first significant meteorological studies were carried out on the interior of the Greenland ice sheet . These provided knowledge of perhaps the most extreme climate of the Arctic , and also the first suggestion that the ice sheet lies in a depression of the bedrock below ( now known to be caused by the weight of the ice itself ) .
Elsa (Frozen)
Attempts were made as early as 1937 by Walt Disney to adapt Hans Christian Andersen 's fairy tale , `` The Snow Queen '' , into a film . The tale focuses on two children , one named Gerda , who served as the basis for Princess Anna , and the other named Kai , who is `` cursed with negativity '' after his heart is pierced with a shard of glass from an enchanted mirror and is later kidnapped by the Snow Queen . However , Disney struggled with creating a believable , multi-dimensional adaption of the fairy tale 's title character , who was intended to be a villain . In the story , she is described as `` a woman , dressed in garments of white gauze , which looked like millions of starry snow - flakes linked together . She was fair and beautiful , but made of ice -- shining and glittering ice . Still she was alive and her eyes sparkled like bright stars , but there was neither peace nor rest in their glance . '' Disney was unable to find a way to make the Snow Queen more real and eventually abandoned film plans .
Once Upon a Time (season 4)
On October 17 , 2014 , Rebecca Wisocky was revealed to have been cast as the con - artist Madam Faustina for the ninth episode , `` Fall '' , while a few days later on October 22 , David Paul Grove , Gabe Khouth , Michael Coleman , Mig Macario and Jeffrey Kaiser were confirmed to be returning as the remaining seven dwarves . On October 25 , 2014 , Ginnifer Goodwin revealed that Mary Margaret 's and David 's son , Neal Nolan , is portrayed by eight different babies , adding : `` I used to be like , ' babies look like babies . ' And now that I have a baby , I 'm like , how does the audience not notice that in every shot , this is a different kid ? ''
Glory (religion)
And upward from what had the appearance of his waist I saw as it were gleaming metal , like the appearance of fire enclosed all around . And downward from what had the appearance of his waist I saw as it were the appearance of fire , and there was brightness around him . Like the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud on the day of rain , so was the appearance of the brightness all around .
Earth
About 97.5 % of the water is saline ; the remaining 2.5 % is fresh water . Most fresh water , about 68.7 % , is present as ice in ice caps and glaciers .
North Pole
The retreat of the Arctic sea ice will accelerate global warming , as less ice cover reflects less solar radiation , and may have serious climate implications by contributing to Arctic cyclone generation .
Like I'm Gonna Lose You
The music video on YouTube has more than 430 million views as of January 2018 .
The Peanuts Movie
The film was preceded by a Fox and Blue Sky animated short named Cosmic Scrat - tastrophe , an animated short to promote their newest Ice Age film Ice Age : Collision Course .
Pam Beesly
`` When I went in to the audition , the first question that they asked me in the character of Pam -- they said , ' Do you like working as a receptionist ? ' I said , ' No . ' And that was it . I did n't speak any more than that . And they started laughing . ''
Tom Bombadil
Tom Bombadil is not an important person -- to the narrative . I suppose he has some importance as a ' comment . ' I mean , I do not really write like that : he is just an invention ( who first appeared in The Oxford Magazine about 1933 ) , and he represents something that I feel important , though I would not be prepared to analyse the feeling precisely . I would not , however , have left him in , if he did not have some kind of function .
Kent State shootings
The firing stopped . I lay there maybe 10 or 15 seconds . I got up , I saw four or five students lying around the lot . By this time , it was like mass hysteria . Students were crying , they were screaming for ambulances . I heard some girl screaming , `` They did n't have blank , they did n't have blank , '' no , they did n't .
Kobe Bryant
At the time of his announcement , he was second on the team in minutes ( 30.8 ) behind Jordan Clarkson and leading the team with 16.7 field goal attempts per game , while averaging just 15.7 points and shooting a career - low 31.5 percent . His free throw attempts had dropped from his career average , and his game had become over-reliant on pump fakes and long - range shots , making a league - worst 19.5 percent from three - point range while attempting seven a game , almost double his career average . In his press conference after the announcement , he acknowledged his declining skills . `` Even though I play like shit , I 've worked really , really hard not to play like crap and I do everything I possibly can . And I feel good about that '' , he said . Bryant
Joey Potter
`` I miss her spirit , and her spunk , and I miss her anxiety . She always had these long speeches about her fears and her future and love . It was a great tool for me personally because I got to get it all out . I was able to psychoanalyze all of it everyday ( sic ? ) with her and then I would n't have to do it on my own . So much of me is in Joey and it really felt like I grew up on television . ''
I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
I Can Only Imagine A sample of `` I Can Only Imagine '' . MercyMe 's debut single , `` I Can Only Imagine '' is `` a passionate piano - driven ballad . The song considers what it would be like to be in the presence of God . Delivered with conviction , the song is emotionally compelling '' . Problems playing this file ? See media help .
Olivia Benson
Sometimes it 's very much like brother and sister , and I think the reason that they 're so close is that they share a passion for their jobs and for the people . They have a mutual respect for one another . I think that the average lifespan of an SVU detective is four years because of the difficulty and stress involved . They 've been doing it for longer than that , so they feel like they 're in their own world almost . There 's also sexual chemistry between them , it 's so loaded and layered . People ask me if they 'll ever get together -- and people want that , and sometimes I think even Olivia wants that -- but I do n't think that will ever happen .
Arctic Ocean
Located mostly in the Arctic north polar region in the middle of the Northern Hemisphere , the Arctic Ocean is almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America . It is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely in winter . The Arctic Ocean 's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes ; its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans , due to low evaporation , heavy fresh water inflow from rivers and streams , and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities . The summer shrinking of the ice has been quoted at 50 % . The US National Snow and Ice Data Center ( NSIDC ) uses satellite data to provide a daily record of Arctic sea ice cover and the rate of melting compared to an average period and specific past years .
Climate of the Arctic
Scientific expeditions to the Arctic also became more common during the Cold - War decades , sometimes benefiting logistically or financially from the military interest . In 1966 the first deep ice core in Greenland was drilled at Camp Century , providing a glimpse of climate through the last ice age . This record was lengthened in the early 1990s when two deeper cores were taken from near the center of the Greenland Ice Sheet . Beginning in 1979 the Arctic Ocean Buoy Program ( the International Arctic Buoy Program since 1991 ) has been collecting meteorological and ice - drift data across the Arctic Ocean with a network of 20 to 30 buoys .
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe has won eight Olympic medals , one in field hockey with the women 's team at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow , and seven by swimmer Kirsty Coventry , three at the 2004 Summer Olympics and four at the 2008 Summer Olympics .
Bias of an estimator
To continue , like above , we note that when μ ( \ displaystyle \ mu ) is subtracted from both sides of X  ̄ = 1 n ∑ i = 1 n X i ( \ displaystyle ( \ overline ( X ) ) = ( \ frac ( 1 ) ( n ) ) \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( n ) X_ ( i ) ) , we get
Stefan Salvatore
In 1864 , Stefan `` had n't yet learned the careful control that rules his life now '' and was an avid consumer of human blood , which was considered a `` dark past '' by Zap2it . Of his blood addiction , Wesley said : `` It 's awesome . It 's a drug . He 's a drug addict . I get to play a drug addict , which I love . I 'm going back to his days of usage , heavy usage . When I 'm in my lustful state , it 's so much fun . I felt like I got to play a role that I 'd never played before . I felt like I was doing something different . I just love it , and I hope it comes out the way that I envisioned . '' The show 's executive producer Kevin Williamson revealed that he was `` looking forward to Stefan eventually falling off the wagon and drinking human blood again '' after spending decades of consuming only animal blood . Wesley said `` everybody has a dark side , especially a vampire , and it 'd be unrealistic not to explore that '' . Stefan became addicted to human blood again , but got it under control with the help of Elena , who began letting him feed off her in small amounts to build up discipline .
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
When I make my first entrance , I 'd like to come out of the door carrying a cane and then walk toward the crowd with a limp . After the crowd sees Willy Wonka is a cripple , they all whisper to themselves and then become deathly quiet . As I walk toward them , my cane sinks into one of the cobblestones I 'm walking on and stands straight up , by itself ; but I keep on walking , until I realize that I no longer have my cane . I start to fall forward , and just before I hit the ground , I do a beautiful forward somersault and bounce back up , to great applause . --
The Thin Red Line (1998 film)
I was so focused and professional , I gave everything to it , and then to not receive everything ... in terms of witnessing my own work . It was extremely unpleasant because I 'd already begun the press for a film that I was n't really in . Terry obviously changed the entire concept of the film . I had never experienced anything like that ... You know the expression ' Do n't believe the hype ' ? Well , you should n't .
Mount Everest
Summiting Everest with disabilities such as amputations and diseases has become popular in the 21st century , with stories like that of Sudarshan Gautam , a man with no arms who made it to the top in 2013 . A teenager with Down 's syndrome made it to Base camp , which has become a substitute for more extreme record - breaking because it carries many of the same thrills including the trip to the Himalayas and rustic scenery . Danger lurks even at base camp though , which was the site where dozens were killed in the 2015 Mount Everest avalanches . Others that have climbed Everest with amputations include Mark Inglis ( no legs ) , Paul Hockey ( 1 arm only ) , and Arunima Sinha ( 1 leg ) .
The Madcap Laughs
Malcolm Jones was shocked by what he perceived as the substandard musicianship on the Gilmour and Waters - produced songs , however : `` I felt angry . It 's like dirty linen in public and very unnecessary and unkind ... '' Barrett later said of the album : `` I liked what came out , only it was released far too long after it was done . I wanted it to be a whole thing that people would listen to all the way through with everything related and balanced , the tempos and moods offsetting each other , and I hope that 's what it sounds like . '' In a bid to increase sales , Jones wrote a letter to music magazine , Melody Maker , under an alternate name , writing how great the album was .
I Am the Walrus
It never dawned on me that Lewis Carroll was commenting on the capitalist system . I never went into that bit about what he really meant , like people are doing with the Beatles ' work . Later , I went back and looked at it and realized that the walrus was the bad guy in the story and the carpenter was the good guy . I thought , Oh , shit , I picked the wrong guy . I should have said , ' I am the carpenter . ' But that would n't have been the same , would it ? ( Sings , laughing ) ' I am the carpenter ... '
Williams sisters
`` What got me most of all was that it was n't just a scattered bunch of boos . It was n't coming from just one section . It was like the whole crowd got together and decided to boo all at once . The ugliness was just raining down on me , hard . I did n't know what to do . Nothing like this had ever happened to me . What was most surprising about this uproar was the fact that tennis fans are typically a well - mannered bunch . They 're respectful . They sit still . And in Palm Springs , especially , they tended to be pretty well - heeled , too . But I looked up and all I could see was a sea of rich people -- mostly older , mostly white -- standing and booing lustily , like some kind of genteel lynch mob . I do n't mean to use such inflammatory language to describe the scene , but that 's really how it seemed from where I was down on the court . Like these people were gon na come looking for me after the match ... There was no mistaking that all of this was meant for me . I heard the word nigger a couple times , and I knew . I could n't believe it . That 's just not something you hear in polite society on that stadium court ... Just before the start of play , my dad and Venus started walking down the aisle to the players ' box by the side of the court , and everybody turned and started to point and boo at them ... It was mostly just a chorus of boos , but I could still hear shouts of ' Nigger ! ' here and there . I even heard one angry voice telling us to go back to Compton . It was unbelievable ... We refused to return to Indian Wells . Even now , all these years later , we continue to boycott the event . It 's become a mandatory tournament on the tour , meaning that the WTA can fine a player if she does n't attend . But I do n't care if they fine me a million dollars , I will not play there again . ''
Blazing Saddles
Interviewed in 1996 , Steve Landesberg said Black Bart `` was like a joke ... We did the pilot , and CBS dumped it at the end of the 1975 season in April or May on a Friday . We thought it was done , then CBS tells us to come back and film six more episodes . And then another six . Six episodes each season , when an order was usually for 24 or 26 . I was on Barney Miller by that point , and we 'd film during the winter break when all other TV shows were on hiatus . And they never aired any of them . It was like a sick joke . If I was n't under contract I would have walked , but they were paying me so I ca n't complain . ''
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao
Regarding comments he made suggesting that contracts for the mega-fight were close to being finalized , De La Hoya told BoxingScene.com on July 26 , `` I think I said it because I get the question asked so many times that , obviously , I was fed up and tired of it and I just said like , yeah , yeah , it 's gon na get made . So it was a quick answer that I should have obviously thought about . But , obviously , negotiations were n't going on . Nothing was going on . ''
Conn (name)
Conn Smythe ( 1895 -- 1980 ) , was a Canadian builder in the National Hockey League best known as the principal owner of the Toronto Maple Leafs from 1927 to 1961 and as the builder of Maple Leaf Gardens . Craig Conn , is a lacrosse player for the Arizona Sting in the National Lacrosse League and the New Westminster Salmonbellies of the Western Lacrosse Association . Jan Conn , is a Canadian poet and mosquito genetic researcher . Michelle Conn , is a Canadian field hockey player . Ty Conn ( 1967 -- 1999 ) , born Tyrone Williams Conn , was a Canadian bank robber and is best known for his escape over the wall from the Kingston Penitentiary , one of Canada 's most secure and notorious prisons .
We Didn't Start the Fire
I had turned forty . It was 1989 and I said `` Okay , what 's happened in my life ? '' I wrote down the year 1949 . Okay , Harry Truman was president . Popular singer of the day , Doris Day . China went Communist . Another popular singer , Johnnie Ray . Big Broadway show , South Pacific . Journalist , Walter Winchell . Athlete , Joe DiMaggio . Then I went on to 1950 ... It 's one of the worst melodies I 've ever written . I kind of like the lyric though .
Earth
Earth 's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years . About 71 % of Earth 's surface is covered with water , mostly by oceans . The remaining 29 % is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes , rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere . The majority of Earth 's polar regions are covered in ice , including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack . Earth 's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core , a liquid outer core that generates the Earth 's magnetic field , and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics .
Red Sea
A `` race '' between the Red Sea widening and Perim Island erupting filling the Bab el Mandeb with lava . The lowering of world sea level during the Ice Ages because of much water being locked up in the ice caps .