vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Philosophical skepticism
Secondly , the personality of the individual might also influence what they observe , since ( it is argued ) preferences are based on sense - impressions , differences in preferences can be attributed to differences in the way that people are affected by the object . ( Empiricus : 56 )
Vaishnavism
Some scholars state Kabir 's ideas were one of the many influences on Guru Nanak , who went on to found Sikhism in the fifteenth century . Other Sikh scholars disagree , stating there are differences between the views and practices of Kabir and Nanak .
Danielle Spencer (American actress)
She had been working as a veterinarian for more than ten years when in 2004 after experiencing balance and chronic pain issues she was diagnosed with spinal stenosis due to the injuries she received in the car accident in 1977 . A surgery to correct the problem left her partially paralyzed for eight months . Spencer left Los Angeles to receive treatment at The Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation in New Jersey , ( the same facility that treated actor Christopher Reeve ) . She credits the institute for giving her her life back .
Afrikaans
An estimated 90 to 95 % of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin , and there are few lexical differences between the two languages . Afrikaans has a considerably more regular morphology , grammar , and spelling . There is a degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages , particularly in written form .
Dental anesthesia
As stated previously Local Anaesthesia used in dentistry can vary significantly as there are various preparations with a multitude of qualities . Each preparation has slight differences in how the anaesthetic effects the body . This is due to the use of different constituents . Local Anaesthetics which contain adrenaline such as Lidocaine ( using 1 : 80,000 of adrenaline ) or Articaine ( using 1 : 100,000 of adrenaline ) have a direct effect on the cardiac output by increasing the rate and contraction of the heart itself . Due to these effects , if a patient suffers from unstable angina or severe cardiac dysrhythmia , these preparations are often discouraged as they may predispose to unfavourable side effects . Studies found that both articaine given by infiltration and lidocaine given by inferior block were equally efficient when used for routine dental treatments in pediatric patients , however , articaine injections caused less post-opserative pain .
List of Madagascar (franchise) characters
In `` Crimson and Clover , '' it is revealed that Clover has a twin sister named Crimson , with whom she has a long lasting rivalry . Despite their antagonistic behaviour , they still consider each other family and Crimson has helped Clover out on occasion . In the storyline of `` Exiled '' , Clover went on a quest with Sage to find the perfect weapon , only to realize through the teachings of Sage 's annoying mudskipper master that they need each other to be in perfect balance ( after spending a day body - swapped ) . Koto , Sage 's evil brother wanted to force Clover to marry him , and she was ready to make this sacrifice for the life of Julien , but in the end she was freed and was essential in defeating Koto and his army .
Inverted question and exclamation marks
The inverted question mark was adopted long after the Real Academia 's decision , published in the second edition of the Ortografía de la lengua castellana ( Orthography of the Castilian language ) in 1754 recommending it as the symbol indicating the beginning of a question in written Spanish -- e.g. ¿ Cuántos años tienes ? ( `` How old are you ? '' ) . The Real Academia also ordered the same inverted - symbol system for statements of exclamation , using the symbols `` ¡ '' and `` ! '' . This helps to recognize questions and exclamations in long sentences . `` Do you like summer ? '' and `` You like summer . '' are translated respectively as `` ¿ Te gusta el verano ? '' and `` Te gusta el verano . '' ( There is no difference between the wording of a yes -- no question and the corresponding statement in Spanish as there is in English . ) These new rules were slowly adopted ; there exist nineteenth - century books in which the writer does not use either opening symbol , neither the `` ¡ '' nor the `` ¿ '' .
Natural selection
The concept of fitness is central to natural selection . In broad terms , individuals that are more `` fit '' have better potential for survival , as in the well - known phrase `` survival of the fittest '' , but the precise meaning of the term is much more subtle . Modern evolutionary theory defines fitness not by how long an organism lives , but by how successful it is at reproducing . If an organism lives half as long as others of its species , but has twice as many offspring surviving to adulthood , its genes become more common in the adult population of the next generation . Though natural selection acts on individuals , the effects of chance mean that fitness can only really be defined `` on average '' for the individuals within a population . The fitness of a particular genotype corresponds to the average effect on all individuals with that genotype . A distinction must be made between the concept of `` survival of the fittest '' and `` improvement in fitness '' . `` Survival of the fittest '' does not give an `` improvement in fitness '' , it only represents the removal of the less fit variants from a population . A mathematical example of `` survival of the fittest '' is given by Haldane in his `` The Cost of Natural Selection '' paper . Haldane called this process `` substitution '' or more commonly in biology , this is called `` fixation '' . This is correctly described by the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype . On the other hand , `` improvement in fitness '' is not dependent on the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype , it is dependent on the absolute survival of the particular variant . The probability of a beneficial mutation occurring on some member of a population depends on the total number of replications of that variant . The mathematics of `` improvement in fitness was described by Kleinman . An empirical example of `` improvement in fitness '' is given by the Kishony Mega-plate experiment . In this experiment , `` improvement in fitness '' depends on the number of replications of the particular variant for a new variant to appear that is capable of growing in the next higher drug concentration region .
Metrication in the United States
There are no U.S. customary units for electric current , potential difference , or charge since these concepts were developed after the international adoption of metric in science . The metric units ampere , volt , ohm and coulomb are the only units used . The SI term hertz has replaced the term cycles per second as a unit of frequency .
Internet Explorer
The adoption rate of Internet Explorer seems to be closely related to that of Microsoft Windows , as it is the default web browser that comes with Windows . Since the integration of Internet Explorer 2.0 with Windows 95 OSR 1 in 1996 , and especially after version 4.0 's release in 1997 , the adoption was greatly accelerated : from below 20 % in 1996 , to about 40 % in 1998 , and over 80 % in 2000 . This made Microsoft the winner in the infamous ' first browser war ' against Netscape . Netscape Navigator was the dominant browser during 1995 and until 1997 , but rapidly lost share to IE starting in 1998 , and eventually slipped behind in 1999 . The integration of IE with Windows led to a lawsuit by AOL , Netscape 's owner , accusing Microsoft of unfair competition . The infamous case was eventually won by AOL but by then it was too late , as Internet Explorer had already become the dominant browser .
List of The Vampire Diaries characters
In season six , Jeremy has become a drunk after Bonnie 's death , paying her cell phone bill just to hear her voicemail recording . After Kai absorbed the Travelers ' spell around Mystic Falls , Jeremy regained his hunter abilities . Later , Jeremy came to the conclusion that it was time for him to move on with his life and leave for Santa Fe , New Mexico . While nearly all of his friends and family are under the impression that Jeremy is going to art school there , in reality , Jeremy has moved there to hunt vampires , with only Alaric , who planned to feed him leads , knowing Jeremy 's true plans . Jeremy returns in the series finale , shown teaching gifted youngsters how to defend themselves against the supernatural at the Salvatore School .
Austin, Texas
The Paramount Theatre , opened in downtown Austin in 1915 , contributes to Austin 's theater and film culture , showing classic films throughout the summer and hosting regional premieres for films such as Miss Congeniality . The Zilker Park Summer Musical is a long - running outdoor musical .
Hellenistic period
At this time , Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe , North Africa and Western Asia , experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts , exploration , literature , theatre , architecture , music , mathematics , philosophy , and science . It is often considered a period of transition , sometimes even of decadence or degeneration , compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era . The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy , Alexandrian poetry , the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism . Greek science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes . The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco - Egyptian Serapis , eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism . Hellenistic
Taiga
In Siberia , the taiga is converting from predominantly needle - shedding larch trees to evergreen conifers in response to a warming climate . This is likely to further accelerate warming , as the evergreen trees will absorb more of the sun 's rays . Given the vast size of the area , such a change has the potential to affect areas well outside of the region . In much of the boreal forest in Alaska , the growth of white spruce trees are stunted by unusually warm summers , while trees on some of the coldest fringes of the forest are experiencing faster growth than previously .
Republic (Plato)
Some of Plato 's proposals have led theorists like Leo Strauss and Allan Bloom to ask readers to consider the possibility that Socrates was creating not a blueprint for a real city , but a learning exercise for the young men in the dialogue . There are many points in the construction of the `` Just - City - in - Speech '' that seem contradictory , which raise the possibility Socrates is employing irony to make the men in the dialogue question for themselves the ultimate value of the proposals . In turn , Plato has immortalized this ' learning exercise ' in the Republic .
How to Train Your Dragon
The sixth book in the series is the only one not to have How to in its title . But it is also named How not to Celebrate your Birthday . Its cover name is named only A Hero 's Guide to Deadly Dragons after Hiccup 's informative book inside this book .
Cluedo
In some international versions of the game ( mostly the Spanish - language ones ) the colours of some pieces are different , so as to correspond with the changes to each suspect 's unique foreign name variations . In some cases , rooms and weapons are changed in addition to other regional variances .
The Deer Hunter
Both the long and short versions were previewed to Midwestern audiences , although there are different accounts among Cimino , Deeley , and Spikings as to how the previews panned out . Director Cimino claims he bribed the projectionist to interrupt the shorter version , in order to obtain better reviews of the longer one . According to producer Spikings , Wasserman let EMI 's CEO Bernard Delfont decide between the two and chose Cimino 's longer cut . Deeley claims that the two - and - a-half hour version tested had a better response .
Socioeconomic status
The wealth gap , like income inequality , is very large in the United States . There exists a racial wealth gap due in part to income disparities and differences in achievement resulting from institutional discrimination . According to Thomas Shapiro , differences in savings ( due to different rates of incomes ) , inheritance factors , and discrimination in the housing market lead to the racial wealth gap . Shapiro claims that savings increase with increasing income , but African Americans can not participate in this , because they make significantly less than Americans of European descent ( whites ) . Additionally , rates of inheritance dramatically differ between African Americans and Americans of European descent . The amount a person inherits , either during a lifetime or after death , can create different starting points between two different individuals or families . These different starting points also factor into housing , education , and employment discrimination . A third reason Shapiro offers for the racial wealth gap are the various discriminations African Americans must face , like redlining and higher interest rates in the housing market . These types of discrimination feed into the other reasons why African Americans end up having different starting points and therefore fewer assets .
French name
However , this list masks strong regional differences in France and the increasing number of foreign names among the French citizens . Table based on births between 1966 and 1990 :
Erwin Rommel
There is also , especially in Germany , an increasing tendency to portray Rommel as someone who can not be explained in concrete details yet . However , these modern authors , while respecting the man and his mythical aura , are not afraid to show his questionable traits , or point out the horrible ( including the possible ) consequences of his `` politically extremely naive '' actions that perhaps would not be fitting of a role model , and allow living witnesses who might portray Rommel in a negative light to speak in documentaries about him , to the extent some , like General Storbeck , consider excessive and unbalanced ( Storbeck states that there are many other witnesses who will provide the opposite views , and also questions the use of an extremely ill Manfred Rommel to achieve a portrayal filmmakers want ) .
Egocentrism
Elkind also created terms to help describe the egocentric behaviors exhibited by the adolescent population such as what he calls an imaginary audience , the personal fable , and the invincibility fable . Usually when an egocentric adolescent is experiencing an imaginary audience , it entails the belief that there is an audience captivated and constantly present to an extent of being overly interested about the egocentric individual . Personal fable refers to the idea that many teenagers believe their thoughts , feelings , and experiences are unique and more extreme than anyone else 's . In the invincibility fable , the adolescent believes in the idea that he or she is immune to misfortune and can not be harmed by things that might defeat a normal person . Egocentrism in adolescence is often viewed as a negative aspect of their thinking ability because adolescents become consumed with themselves and are unable to effectively function in society due to their skewed version of reality and cynicism .
Gray code
Sometimes digital buses in electronic systems are used to convey quantities that can only increase or decrease by one at a time , for example the output of an event counter which is being passed between clock domains or to a digital - to - analog converter . The advantage of Gray codes in these applications is that differences in the propagation delays of the many wires that represent the bits of the code can not cause the received value to go through states that are out of the Gray code sequence . This is similar to the advantage of Gray codes in the construction of mechanical encoders , however the source of the Gray code is an electronic counter in this case . The counter itself must count in Gray code , or if the counter runs in binary then the output value from the counter must be reclocked after it has been converted to Gray code , because when a value is converted from binary to Gray code , it is possible that differences in the arrival times of the binary data bits into the binary - to - Gray conversion circuit will mean that the code could go briefly through states that are wildly out of sequence . Adding a clocked register after the circuit that converts the count value to Gray code may introduce a clock cycle of latency , so counting directly in Gray code may be advantageous . A Gray code counter was patented in 1962 US3020481 , and there have been many others since . In recent times a Gray code counter can be implemented as a state machine in Verilog . In order to produce the next count value , it is necessary to have some combinational logic that will increment the current count value that is stored in Gray code . Probably the most obvious way to increment a Gray code number is to convert it into ordinary binary code , add one to it with a standard binary adder , and then convert the result back to Gray code . This approach was discussed in a paper in 1996 and then subsequently patented by someone else in 1998 US5754614 . Other methods of counting in Gray code are discussed in a report by Robert W. Doran , including taking the output from the first latches of the master - slave flip flops in a binary ripple counter .
Social media
Other privacy concerns with employers and social media are when employers use social media as a tool to screen a prospective employee . This issue raises many ethical questions that some consider an employer 's right and others consider discrimination . Except in the states of California , Maryland , and Illinois , there are no laws that prohibit employers from using social media profiles as a basis of whether or not someone should be hired . Title VII also prohibits discrimination during any aspect of employment including hiring or firing , recruitment , or testing . Social media has been integrating into the workplace and this has led to conflicts within employees and employers . Particularly , Facebook has been seen as a popular platform for employers to investigate in order to learn more about potential employees . This conflict first started in Maryland when an employer requested and received an employee 's Facebook username and password . State lawmakers first introduced legislation in 2012 to prohibit employers from requesting passwords to personal social accounts in order to get a job or to keep a job . This led to Canada , Germany , the U.S. Congress and 11 U.S. states to pass or propose legislation that prevents employers ' access to private social accounts of employees .
Ode on a Grecian Urn
A new paradox arises in these lines because these immortal lovers are experiencing a living death . To overcome this paradox of merged life and death , the poem shifts to a new scene with a new perspective . The fourth stanza opens with the sacrifice of a virgin cow , an image that appeared in the Elgin Marbles , Claude Lorrain 's Sacrifice to Apollo , and Raphael 's The Sacrifice at Lystra
List of Indian folk dances
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Reservation in India
On 27 October 2015 the Supreme Court directed the state and the Central governments to end the regional quota and to ensure that super-speciality medical courses are kept `` unreserved , open and free '' from any domicile status after the court had allowed petitions files by some MBBS doctors .
Poverty in the United Kingdom
Relative Poverty was used before its formal adoption now . In the early 1980s , Tony Byrne and Colin F. Padfield defined relative poverty in Britain as a situation in which people are able to survive adequately , but they are either less well off than they used to be ( such as when they retire from paid employment ) or that they are at a serious disadvantage `` in their ability to experience or enjoy the standard of life of most other people -- for example , not being able to afford an annual holiday . ''
Liturgical colours
Ritual Masses are celebrated in their proper colour , in white , or in a festive colour . Masses for Various Needs , on the other hand , are celebrated in the colour proper to the day or the season or in violet if they bear a penitential character . Votive Masses are celebrated in the colour suited to the Mass itself or even in the colour proper to the day or the season . Regional
Health care in the United States
Mentally ill patients present a unique challenge for emergency departments and hospitals . In accordance with EMTALA , mentally ill patients who enter emergency rooms are evaluated for emergency medical conditions . Once mentally ill patients are medically stable , regional mental health agencies are contacted to evaluate them . Patients are evaluated as to whether they are a danger to themselves or others . Those meeting this criterion are admitted to a mental health facility to be further evaluated by a psychiatrist . Typically , mentally ill patients can be held for up to 72 hours , after which a court order is required .
Indigenous Australians
The proportion of Aboriginal adults married ( de facto or de jure ) to non-Aboriginal spouses increased to 74 % according to the 2011 census , up from 71 % in 2006 , 64 % in 1996 , 51 % in 1991 and 46 % in 1986 . The census figures show there were more intermixed Aboriginal couples in capital cities : 87 % in 2001 compared to 60 % in rural and regional Australia . It is reported that up to 88 % of the offspring of mixed marriages subsequently self identify as Indigenous Australians .
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Unlike races such as the TT Formulae , or Moto - Cross , where two and four strokes had different engine size limits in the same class , until 2002 GP racing set the upper limit the same for both types of engines in all its classes . After that , MotoGP gave the four - strokes a 490cc advantage over the two - strokes . A 2 stroke engine produces power with every rotation of the crank , where as the 4 stroke engine produces power every second rotation . In theory , a 500cc 2stroke produces the same power as a 1000cc 4 stroke , however there are many differences between the two configurations . Carburation vs fuel injection , engine mapping , power / torque curves , and throttle response are a few major differences . Practice showed the 4 strokes generating 10 to 15 more Hp and turning in much faster lap times than their 2 stroke counterparts . 4 stroke engines would be the obvious choice for years to come . Moto2 and 3 are four - stroke only .
Venezuela
The culture of Venezuela is a melting pot , which includes mainly three different families : The indigenous , African , and Spanish . The first two cultures were in turn differentiated according to the tribes . Acculturation and assimilation , typical of a cultural syncretism , caused an arrival at the current Venezuelan culture , similar in many respects to the rest of Latin America , although the natural environment means that there are important differences .