vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
William Tyndale
A stained - glass window commemorating Tyndale was made in 1911 for the British and Foreign Bible Society by James Powell and Sons . In 1994 , when the Society moved their offices , the window was reinstalled in the chapel of Hertford College . Tyndale was at Magdalen Hall , Oxford , which became Hertford College in 1874 . The window depicts a full - length portrait of Tyndale , a cameo of a printing shop in action , some words of Tyndale , the opening words of Genesis in Hebrew , the opening words of John 's Gospel in Greek , and the names of other pioneering Bible translators . The portrait is based on the oil painting that hangs in the college 's dining hall . A stained glass window by Arnold Robinson in Tyndale Baptist Church , Bristol also commemorates the life of Tyndale .
Israel
In 1918 , the Jewish Legion , a group primarily of Zionist volunteers , assisted in the British conquest of Palestine . Arab opposition to British rule and Jewish immigration led to the 1920 Palestine riots and the formation of a Jewish militia known as the Haganah ( meaning `` The Defense '' in Hebrew ) , from which the Irgun and Lehi , or the Stern Gang , paramilitary groups later split off . In 1922 , the League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Palestine under terms which included the Balfour Declaration with its promise to the Jews , and with similar provisions regarding the Arab Palestinians . The population of the area at this time was predominantly Arab and Muslim , with Jews accounting for about 11 % , and Arab Christians at about 9.5 % of the population .
Lectionary
Both Hebrew and Christian lectionaries developed over the centuries . Typically , a lectionary will go through the scriptures in a logical pattern , and also include selections which were chosen by the religious community for their appropriateness to particular occasions . The one - year Jewish lectionary reads the entirety of the Torah within the space of a year and may have begun in the Babylonian Jewish community ; the three - year Jewish lectionary seems to trace its origin to the Jewish community in and around the Holy Land . The existence of both one - year and three - year cycles occurs in both Christianity and Judaism .
History of the telescope
In 1856 -- 57 , Karl August von Steinheil and Léon Foucault introduced a process of depositing a layer of silver on glass telescope mirrors . The silver layer was not only much more reflective and longer lasting than the finish on speculum mirrors , it had the advantage of being able to be removed and re-deposited without changing the shape of the glass substrate . Towards the end of the 19th century very large silver on glass mirror reflecting telescopes were built .
Grey's Anatomy (season 14)
Matthew winds up in the ER again , but this time for himself , after he rolled his car . Trying to get information from him about what happened , he mentions April 's name , which sends the doctors into a frenzy trying to make sure she 's safe . Owen finds her unconscious at the site of the accident , down in a ravine nearby . After he rushes her back to the hospital , the team rallies to save her , and after extreme measures have been taken to bring her back to life , she wakes up , fully functional . Alex and Jo 's wedding day has arrived , and though most details have come together , April ( who has been planning the wedding ) panics when multiple guests go to the wrong ceremony . While trying to escape , the mother of the bride faints , keeping Ben and Bailey behind . Once at the hospital , Bailey struggles to find an available cardio surgeon until Teddy unexpectedly arrives looking for a job . Jo learns she 's been accepted into Mass Gen 's fellowship program , but fearful of losing Alex , Meredith offers Jo the general surgery attending position . The wedding is delayed when the wedding planner goes into anaphylactic shock and an emergency tracheotomy is performed to save her . After the guests leave thinking there 'll be no wedding , the pastor finally arrives in time to marry April and Matthew after a surprise re-engagement . On a ferry back to the main land , Maggie has the idea to have Meredith ordained online to officiate the wedding right there on the ferry . Bailey , wanting to take a break from being chief to focus on her passions , offers Teddy the chance to be interim chief . Watching the wedding happening at the hospital on a tablet , in the ICU with the bride 's mother , Teddy reveals she 's pregnant . Arizona says her sad goodbyes before heading to New York , but is giddy to be closer to Callie who is recently single .
Bradford
During the 1820s and 1830s , there was immigration from Germany . Many were Jewish merchants and they became active in the life of the town . The Jewish community mostly living in the Manningham area of the town , numbered about 100 families but was influential in the development of Bradford as a major exporter of woollen goods from their textile export houses predominately based in Little Germany and the civic life of Bradford . Charles Semon ( 1814 -- 1877 ) was a textile merchant and philanthropist who developed a productive textile export house in the town , he became the first foreign and Jewish mayor of Bradford in 1864 . Jacob Behrens ( 1806 -- 1889 ) was the first foreign textile merchant to export woollen goods from the town , his company developed into an international multimillion - pound business . Behrens was a philanthropist , he also helped to establish the Bradford chamber of commerce in 1851 . Jacob Moser ( 1839 -- 1922 ) was a textile merchant who was a partner in the firm Edelstein , Moser and Co , which developed into a successful Bradford textile export house . Moser was a philanthropist , he founded the Bradford Charity Organisation Society and the City Guild of Help . In 1910 Moser became the first Jewish Lord Mayor of Bradford . Jowett
Rhode Island
The Jewish community of Rhode Island is centered in the Providence area , and emerged during a wave of Jewish immigration predominately from Eastern Europeans shtetls between 1880 and 1920 . The presence of the Touro Synagogue in Newport , the oldest existing synagogue in the United States , emphasizes that these second - wave immigrants did not create Rhode Island 's first Jewish community ; a comparatively smaller wave of Spanish and Portuguese Jews immigrated to Newport during the colonial era .
Once Upon a Time (season 4)
Agnes Bruckner has been confirmed to appear in a three episode arc in the role of an adult Lily , a friend of Emma from her childhood who was portrayed by Nicole Muñoz in the fifth episode , `` Breaking Glass '' . On February 28 , Adam Horowitz confirmed the return of Barbara Hershey in a later part of the season . The thirteenth episode , `` Unforgiven '' , which aired on March 8 , 2015 , saw the return of Tony Amendola as Marco / Geppetto and Jakob Davies as young Pinocchio , his older counterpart August Booth , portrayed by Eion Bailey , was reintroduced in the following episode . The episode that aired on March 22 , 2015 , `` Poor Unfortunate Soul '' , saw the return of Christopher Gauthier as William Smee and introduced Tiffany Boone as a younger version of Ursula . The following episode , `` Best Laid Plans '' , saw the return of Barclay Hope as Lily 's adoptive father .
Ecuador
The first Jews arrived in Ecuador in the 16th and 17th centuries . Most of them are Sephardic Anusim ( Crypto - Jews ) and many still speak Judaeo - Spanish ( Ladino ) language . Today the Jewish Community of Ecuador ( Comunidad Judía del Ecuador ) has its seat in Quito and has approximately 200 members . Nevertheless , this number is declining because young people leave the country for the United States or Israel . The Community has a Jewish Center with a synagogue , a country club , and a cemetery . It supports the `` Albert Einstein School '' , where Jewish history , religion , and Hebrew classes are offered . There are very small communities in Cuenca . The `` Comunidad de Culto Israelita '' reunites the Jews of Guayaquil . This community works independently from the `` Jewish Community of Ecuador '' and is composed of only 30 people .
Thermal expansion
Thermal expansion generally decreases with increasing bond energy , which also has an effect on the melting point of solids , so , high melting point materials are more likely to have lower thermal expansion . In general , liquids expand slightly more than solids . The thermal expansion of glasses is higher compared to that of crystals . At the glass transition temperature , rearrangements that occur in an amorphous material lead to characteristic discontinuities of coefficient of thermal expansion and specific heat . These discontinuities allow detection of the glass transition temperature where a supercooled liquid transforms to a glass .
Descriptive psychology
In DP , whenever a behavior ( e.g. , John calling his girlfriend for a dinner date ) is the case , something of each of the following kinds ( i.e. , the parameters ) is ipso facto the case : something concerning whose action it is ( I ) , what state of affairs was wanted ( W ) , which distinctions / concepts were acted upon ( K ) , what personal know - how came into play ( K-H ) , what physical performances were involved ( P ) , what difference the behavior made ( A ) , what personal characteristics of the actor were expressed ( PC ) , and what significance the behavior had ( S ) . Lest there be any doubt about the necessity of any of these parameters , consider what happens if we try to dispense with any of them : `` John called his girlfriend for a dinner date , but ... no one made the call ( I ) ... no distinctions were involved between telephones and other objects , invitations vs. other messages , etc . ( K ) ... no outcome was sought ( W ) ... no personal know - how came into play in the act ( K-H ) ... no performance of a vocal or other sort took place ( P ) ... nothing was different by virtue of the behavior occurring ( A ) ... no personal characteristic of John 's was expressed ( PC ) ... or , finally , no more inclusive pattern of behavior ( e.g. no courting behavior ) was enacted by virtue of enacting the behavior in question ( S ) .
Big Ben
The clock and dials were designed by Augustus Pugin . The clock dials are set in an iron frame 23 feet ( 7.0 m ) in diameter , supporting 312 pieces of opal glass , rather like a stained - glass window . Some of the glass pieces may be removed for inspection of the hands . The surround of the dials is gilded . At the base of each clock dial in gilt letters is the Latin inscription :
Elinor "Ellie" Walker
Ellie is a graduate of Bernard University and is a pharmacist . She takes up residence in Mayberry to assist her uncle , Fred Walker , at his pharmacy . Opie becomes Ellie 's first friend in Mayberry when the two playfully make faces at each other through the glass window of the pharmacy 's front door . Ellie is an intelligent woman with a good deal of spunkiness and a strong sense of fair play .
Humanism
In the high Renaissance , in fact , there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity , including the writings of the Church fathers , the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels , and in some cases even the Jewish Kabbalah , would initiate a harmonious new era of universal agreement . With this end in view , Renaissance Church authorities afforded humanists what in retrospect appears a remarkable degree of freedom of thought . One humanist , the Greek Orthodox Platonist Gemistus Pletho ( 1355 -- 1452 ) , based in Mystras , Greece ( but in contact with humanists in Florence , Venice , and Rome ) taught a Christianised version of pagan polytheism . Back
The dress
About a week before the wedding of couple Grace and Keir Johnston of Colonsay , Scotland , the bride 's mother , Cecilia Bleasdale , took a photograph of a dress she planned to wear to the wedding and sent it to her daughter . After disagreements over the perceived colour of the dress in the photograph , the bride posted the image on Facebook , and her friends also disagreed over the colour ; some saw it as white with gold lace , while others saw it as blue with black lace . For a week , the debate became well known in Colonsay , a small island community .
Freedom of religion in the United States
Problems sometimes arise in the workplace concerning religious observance when a private employer discharges an employee for failure to report to work on what the employee considers a holy day or a day of rest . In the United States , the view that has generally prevailed is that firing for any cause in general renders a former employee ineligible for unemployment compensation , but that this is no longer the case if the ' cause ' is religious in nature , especially an employee 's unwillingness to work during Jewish Shabbat , Christian Sabbath , or Muslim jumu'ah .
Five Nights at Freddy's
A horror attraction based on the series was featured in the Adventuredome in Halloween of 2016 . Additionally , the series appeared in the Guinness Book of Records : Gamer 's Edition , breaking the record for the largest number of sequels released in a year .
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
Aguilar , now quite fluent in Maya , as well as some other indigenous languages , proved to be a valuable asset for Cortés as a translator -- a skill of particular significance to the later conquest of the Aztec Empire that was to be the end result of Cortés ' expedition .
Rainbow
According to Nader El - Bizri , the Persian astronomer , Qutb al - Din al - Shirazi ( 1236 -- 1311 ) , gave a fairly accurate explanation for the rainbow phenomenon . This was elaborated on by his student , Kamāl al - Dīn al - Fārisī ( 1267 -- 1319 ) , who gave a more mathematically satisfactory explanation of the rainbow . He `` proposed a model where the ray of light from the sun was refracted twice by a water droplet , one or more reflections occurring between the two refractions . '' An experiment with a water - filled glass sphere was conducted and al - Farisi showed the additional refractions due to the glass could be ignored in his model . As he noted in his Kitab Tanqih al - Manazir ( The Revision of the Optics ) , al - Farisi used a large clear vessel of glass in the shape of a sphere , which was filled with water , in order to have an experimental large - scale model of a rain drop . He then placed this model within a camera obscura that has a controlled aperture for the introduction of light . He projected light unto the sphere and ultimately deduced through several trials and detailed observations of reflections and refractions of light that the colours of the rainbow are phenomena of the decomposition of light .
Mariana Trench
In December 2014 , a new species of snailfish was discovered at a depth of 8,145 m ( 26,722 ft ) , breaking the previous record for the deepest living fish seen on video .
Rainbow
A spectrum obtained using a glass prism and a point source is a continuum of wavelengths without bands . The number of colours that the human eye is able to distinguish in a spectrum is in the order of 100 . Accordingly , the Munsell colour system ( a 20th - century system for numerically describing colours , based on equal steps for human visual perception ) distinguishes 100 hues . The apparent discreteness of main colours is an artefact of human perception and the exact number of main colours is a somewhat arbitrary choice .
Federalist No. 10
Federalist No. 10 continues the discussion of the question broached in Hamilton 's Federalist No. 9 . Hamilton there addressed the destructive role of a faction in breaking apart the republic . The question Madison answers , then , is how to eliminate the negative effects of faction . Madison defines a faction as `` a number of citizens , whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole , who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion , or of interest , adverse to the rights of other citizens , or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community '' . He identifies the most serious source of faction to be the diversity of opinion in political life which leads to dispute over fundamental issues such as what regime or religion should be preferred .
Candle
Many candle holders use a friction - tight socket to keep the candle upright . In this case , a candle that is slightly too wide will not fit in the holder , and a candle that is slightly too narrow will wobble . Candles that are too big can be trimmed to fit with a knife ; candles that are too small can be fitted with aluminium foil . Traditionally , the candle and candle holders were made in the same place , so they were appropriately sized , but international trade has combined the modern candle with existing holders , which makes the ill - fitting candle more common . This friction tight socket is only needed for the federals and the tapers . For tea light candles , there are a variety of candle holders , including small glass holders and elaborate multi-candle stands . The same is true for votives . Wall sconces are available for tea light and votive candles . For pillar - type candles , the assortment of candle holders is broad . A fireproof plate , such as a glass plate or small mirror , is a candle holder for a pillar - style candle . A pedestal of any kind , with the appropriate - sized fireproof top , is another option . A large glass bowl with a large flat bottom and tall mostly vertical curved sides is called a hurricane . The pillar - style candle is placed at the bottom center of the hurricane . A hurricane on a pedestal is sometimes sold as a unit .
Brisket
In traditional Jewish cooking , brisket is most often braised as a pot roast , especially as a holiday main course , usually served at Rosh Hashanah , Passover , and on the Sabbath . For reasons of economics and kashrut , it was historically one of the more popular cuts of beef among Ashkenazi Jews . Brisket is also the most popular cut for corned beef , which can be further spiced and smoked to make pastrami . The Jewish community in Montreal also makes Montreal - style smoked meat , a close relative of pastrami , from brisket .
Wedding cake
In the United Kingdom , the traditional wedding cake is made from a rich fruitcake whose ingredients last without degrading . This allowed the top tier to be stored after the wedding , to be eaten at the christening of the first child . Many modern cakes now consist of flavors such as vanilla sponge , chocolate sponge or carrot cake .
Unbiased estimation of standard deviation
In statistics and in particular statistical theory , unbiased estimation of a standard deviation is the calculation from a statistical sample of an estimated value of the standard deviation ( a measure of statistical dispersion ) of a population of values , in such a way that the expected value of the calculation equals the true value . Except in some important situations , outlined later , the task has little relevance to applications of statistics since its need is avoided by standard procedures , such as the use of significance tests and confidence intervals , or by using Bayesian analysis .
Caesarean section
The Babylonian Talmud , an ancient Jewish religious text , mentions a procedure similar to the caesarean section . The procedure is termed yotzei dofen . It also discusses at length the permissibility of performing a c - section on a dying or dead mother .
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
Zionists attributed Arab rejection of the plan to mere intransigence . Palestinian Arabs opposed the very idea of partition but reiterated that this partition plan was unfair : the majority of the land ( 56 % ) would go to a Jewish state , when Jews at that stage legally owned only 6 - 7 % of it and remained a minority of the population ( 33 % in 1946 ) . There were also disproportionate allocations under the plan and the area under Jewish control contained 45 % of the Palestinian population . The proposed Arab state was only given 45 % of the land , much of which was unfit for agriculture . Jaffa , though geographically separated , was to be part of the Arab state . However , most of the proposed Jewish state was the Negev desert . The plan allocated to the Jewish State most of the Negev desert that was sparsely populated and unsuitable for agriculture but also a `` vital land bridge protecting British interests from the Suez Canal to Iraq ''
Corrosion
where r is the stationary hydrolysis ( dissolution ) rate of the glass ( cm / d ) . In closed systems the consumption of protons from the aqueous phase increases the pH and causes a fast transition to hydrolysis . However , a further saturation of solution with silica impedes hydrolysis and causes the glass to return to an ion - exchange , e.g. diffusion - controlled regime of corrosion .
Radioactive decay
The Szilard -- Chalmers effect is defined as the breaking of a chemical bond between an atom and the molecule that the atom is part of , as a result of a nuclear reaction of the atom . The effect can be used to separate isotopes by chemical means . The discovery of this effect is due to Leó Szilárd and Thomas A. Chalmers .
Wedding cake
Wedding cakes come in a variety of sizes , depending on the number of guests the cake will serve . Modern pastry chefs and cake designers use various ingredients and tools to create a cake that usually reflects the personalities of the couple . Marzipan , fondant , gum paste , buttercream , and chocolate are among the popular ingredients used . Cakes range in price along with size and components . Cakes are usually priced on a per - person , or per - slice , basis . Prices can range from a few dollars to a few hundred dollars per - person or slice , depending on the pastry chef who is hired to make the cake . Wedding cakes and cake decorating in general have become a certain pop culture symbol in western society . In the United States , reality television shows such as Cake Boss and Amazing Wedding Cakes have become popular and are trending in today 's popular culture .
Conquistador
It is thought that Jehuda Cresques , son of Jewish cartographer Abraham Cresques of Palma in Majorca , and Italian - Majorcan Angelino Dulcert were cartographers at the service of Prince Henry . Majorca had many skilled Jewish cartographers . However , the oldest signed Portuguese sea chart is a Portolan made by Pedro Reinel in 1485 representing the Western Europe and parts of Africa , reflecting the explorations made by Diogo Cão . Reinel was also author of the first nautical chart known with an indication of latitudes in 1504 and the first representation of a wind rose .
Page (servant)
A page or page boy is traditionally a young male attendant or servant , but may also have been used for a messenger at the service of a nobleman . The origin of the term is uncertain , but it may come either from the Latin pagus ( servant ) , possibly linked to peasant , or an earlier Greek word παῖς ( pais = child ) . During wedding ceremonies , a page boy is often used as a symbolic attendant to carry the rings , a role comparable to the scattering of flower petals by flower girls .