vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
The Eyes of the Dragon
King Roland 's magician , Flagg , seeking to destroy the Kingdom of Delain , sees his plans being ruined by the good heart of Queen Sasha . After Sasha gives birth to Peter , a noble and worthy future king , Flagg realizes that his position , his plans , and his life may be in danger because of Peter . When Sasha is pregnant with a second son , Flagg seizes the opportunity . He forces the Queen 's midwife to cut Sasha as the second son , Thomas , is born . Sasha bleeds to death and Flagg begins plotting to remove Peter . As Peter becomes a teenager , he begins the custom of bringing a glass of wine to his father before bed each night . Flagg decides to use this as a means of framing Peter . He dissolves a poison called `` Dragon Sand '' in a glass of wine and delivers it to the king after Peter leaves . Previously , in an attempt to win Thomas ' friendship , Flagg had shown him a secret passage where Thomas could spy on his father . Unbeknownst to Flagg , when he delivers the poison , Thomas is watching through the glass eyes of the mounted head of Roland 's greatest trophy , the dragon . Flagg plants evidence incriminating Peter .
Balkans
The Jewish communities of the Balkans were some of the oldest in Europe and date back to ancient times . These communities were Sephardi Jews , except in Transylvania , Croatia and Slovenia , where the Jewish communities were Ashkenazi Jews . In Bosnia and Herzegovina , the small and close - knit Jewish community is 90 % Sephardic , and Ladino is still spoken among the elderly . The Sephardi Jewish cemetery in Sarajevo has tombstones of a unique shape and inscribed in ancient Ladino . Sephardi Jews used to have a large presence in the city of Thessaloniki , and by 1900 , some 80,000 , or more than half of the population , were Jews . The Jewish communities in the Balkans suffered immensely during World War II , and the vast majority were killed during the Holocaust . An exception were the Bulgarian Jews , most of whom were saved by Boris III of Bulgaria , who resisted Adolf Hitler , opposing their deportation to Nazi concentration camps . Almost all of the few survivors have emigrated to the ( then ) newly founded state of Israel and elsewhere . No Balkan country today has a significant Jewish minority .
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act was a part of the banking and currency reform plan advocated by President Wilson in 1912 . The chairmen of the House and Senate Banking and Currency committees sponsored this legislation ; Rep. Carter Glass , a Democrat of Virginia , and Senator Robert Latham Owen , a Democrat of Oklahoma . According to the House committee report accompanying the Currency bill ( H.R. 7837 ) or the Glass - Owen bill , as it was often called during the time .
Bradford
After a campaign in 2008 , Bradford was recognised as a ' City of Sanctuary ' on 18 November 2010 . Bradford is `` a place where a broad range of local organisations , community groups and faith communities , as well as local government are publicly committed to welcoming and including people seeking sanctuary . '' The city has a history of welcoming and including newcomers from throughout the world . An example of this was Bradford 's purchase of the Carlton Hostel building in 1939 as part of a Kindertransport scheme , made possible through donations from both Bradford 's Jewish community and non -- Jews , to house German Jewish refugee children during the Second World War .
The Merchant of Venice
Some modern productions take further pains to show the sources of Shylock 's thirst for vengeance . For instance , in the 2004 film adaptation directed by Michael Radford and starring Al Pacino as Shylock , the film begins with text and a montage of how Venetian Jews are cruelly abused by bigoted Christians . One of the last shots of the film also brings attention to the fact that , as a convert , Shylock would have been cast out of the Jewish community in Venice , no longer allowed to live in the ghetto . Another interpretation of Shylock and a vision of how `` must he be acted '' appears at the conclusion of the autobiography of Alexander Granach , a noted Jewish stage and film actor in Weimar Germany ( and later in Hollywood and on Broadway ) .
Gospel of Mark
Eschatology means the study of the end - times , and the Jews expected the messiah to be an eschatological figure , a deliverer who would appear at the end of the age to usher in an earthly kingdom . The earliest Jewish Christian community saw Jesus as a messiah in this Jewish sense , a human figure appointed by God as his earthly regent ; but they also believed in Jesus ' resurrection and exultation to heaven , and for this reason they also viewed him as God 's agent ( the `` son of God '' ) who would return in glory ushering in the Kingdom of God .
Electromagnetic radiation
In 1801 , German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter discovered ultraviolet in an experiment similar to Hershel 's , using sunlight and a glass prism . Ritter noted that invisible rays near the violet edge of a solar spectrum dispersed by a triangular prism darkened silver chloride preparations more quickly than did the nearby violet light . Ritter 's experiments were an early precursor to what would become photography . Ritter noted that the ultraviolet rays ( which at first were called `` chemical rays '' ) were capable of causing chemical reactions .
Confidence interval
This behavior is consistent with the relationship between the confidence procedure and significance testing : as F becomes so small that the group means are much closer together than we would expect by chance , a significance test might indicate rejection for most or all values of ω . Hence the interval will be very narrow or even empty ( or , by a convention suggested by Steiger , containing only 0 ) . However , this does not indicate that the estimate of ω is very precise . In a sense , it indicates the opposite : that the trustworthiness of the results themselves may be in doubt . This is contrary to the common interpretation of confidence intervals that they reveal the precision of the estimate .
Amelia Shepherd
When Charlotte is attacked and raped , Amelia is out with Cooper and Sam , but after receiving a visit from Violet , she comes to Charlotte 's aid and confides in Charlotte about her addiction to prescription drugs and alcohol while stitching up a laceration on her arm . Later , when a drunken Cooper makes a move on Amelia , she rebuffs his advances and tells him to go home to his fiancée . Cooper eventually tells Charlotte about his interaction with Amelia and though Charlotte confronts her , they remain good friends . Charlotte asks Amelia to be her maid of honor in the episode `` Something Old , Something New '' . At the wedding reception Amelia asks for a glass of ginger ale instead of champagne but by accident gets champagne , which she spits out . By the end of the season , however , Amelia relapses into addiction and refuses to get the help suggested by Charlotte . Charlotte tries to intervene with meetings , but Amelia skips them . Later , Charlotte discovers that Amelia operated on a patient while she was under the influence and as a result , Charlotte revokes all of her medical privileges .
Name change
Jewish people in the Diaspora sometimes give their children two names : a secular name for everyday use and a Hebrew name for religious purposes . Converts to Judaism choose a Hebrew name . Full Jewish names include a patronym : converts take the patronym `` ben / bat Avraham Avinu '' ( son / daughter of Our Father Abraham ) as converts are held to be spiritual descendants of Abraham , the forebear of Jews .
Oil drop experiment
Millikan and Fletcher 's experiment involved measuring the force on oil droplets in a glass chamber sandwiched between two electrodes , one above and one below . With the electrical field calculated , he could measure the droplet 's charge , the charge on a single electron being ( 6981159200000000000 ♠ 1.592 × 10 C ) . At the time of Millikan and Fletcher 's oil drop experiments , the existence of subatomic particles was not universally accepted . Experimenting with cathode rays in 1897 , J.J. Thomson had discovered negatively charged `` corpuscles '' , as he called them , with a mass about 1 / 1837 times smaller than that of a hydrogen atom . Similar results had been found by George FitzGerald and Walter Kaufmann . Most of what was then known about electricity and magnetism , however , could be explained on the basis that charge is a continuous variable ; in much the same way that many of the properties of light can be explained by treating it as a continuous wave rather than as a stream of photons .
Astronomical spectroscopy
The limitation to a blazed grating is the width of the mirrors , which can only be ground a finite amount before focus is lost ; the maximum is around 1000 lines / mm . In order to overcome this limitation holographic gratings were developed . Volume phase holographic gratings use a thin film of dichromated gelatin on a glass surface , which is subsequently exposed to a wave pattern created by an interferometer . This wave pattern sets up a reflection pattern similar to the blazed gratings but utilizing Bragg diffraction , a process where the angle of reflection is dependent on the arrangement of the atoms in the gelatin . The holographic gratings can have up to 6000 lines / mm and can be up to twice as efficient in collecting light as blazed gratings . Because they are sealed between two sheets of glass , the holographic gratings are very versatile , potentially lasting decades before needing replacement .
Bindi (decoration)
Historically , the ornamental bindi spangle consists of a small piece of lac over which is smeared vermilion , while above it a piece of mica or thin glass is fixed for ornament . Women wore large spangles set in gold with a border of jewels if they can afford it . The bindi was made and sold by lac workers known as Lakhera . In Hinduism it 's part of the Suhāg or lucky trousseau at marriages and is affixed to the girl 's forehead on her wedding and thereafter always worn . Unmarried girls optionally wore small ornamental spangles on their foreheads . A widow was not allowed to wear bindi or any ornamentation associated with married women . In modern times , self - adhesive bindis are available in various materials , usually made of felt or thin metal and adhesive on the other side . These are simple to apply , disposable substitutes for older lac tikli bindis . Sticker bindis come in many colours , designs , materials , and sizes . Courtesan
Double-entry bookkeeping system
Double - entry bookkeeping was pioneered in the Jewish community of the early - medieval Middle East . Jewish bankers in Old Cairo , for example , used a double - entry bookkeeping system which predated the known usage of such a form in Italy , and whose records remain from the 11th century AD . It has been hypothesized that Italian merchants likely learned the method from their interaction with medieval Jewish merchants from the Middle East , however this question remains an area for further research . The oldest European record of a complete double - entry system is the Messari ( Italian : Treasurer 's ) accounts of the Republic of Genoa in 1340 . The Messari accounts contain debits and credits journalised in a bilateral form , and include balances carried forward from the preceding year , and therefore enjoy general recognition as a double - entry system . By the end of the 15th century , the bankers and merchants of Florence , Genoa , Venice and Lübeck used this system widely .
Baptism
A possible additional use of the verb baptizein to relate to ritual washing is suggested by Peter Leithart ( 2007 ) who suggests that Paul 's phrase `` Else what shall they do who are baptized for the dead ? '' relates to Jewish ritual washing . In Jewish Greek the verb baptizein `` baptized '' has a wider reference than just `` baptism '' and in Jewish context primarily applies to the masculine noun baptismos `` ritual washing '' The verb baptizein occurs four times in the Septuagint in the context of ritual washing , baptismos ; Judith cleansing herself from menstrual impurity , Naaman washing seven times to be cleansed from leprosy , etc . Additionally , in the New Testament only , the verb baptizein can also relate to the neuter noun baptisma `` baptism '' which is a neologism unknown in the Septuagint and other pre-Christian Jewish texts . This broadness in the meaning of baptizein is reflected in English Bibles rendering `` wash '' , where Jewish ritual washing is meant : for example Mark 7 : 4 states that the Pharisees `` except they wash ( Greek `` baptize '' ) , they do not eat `` , and `` baptize '' where baptisma , the new Christian rite , is intended .
Star of David
The Jewish Encyclopedia cites a 12th - century Karaite document as the earliest Jewish literary source to mention a symbol called `` Magen Dawid '' ( without specifying its shape ) .
List of earthquakes in New Zealand
This is a list of large earthquakes that have occurred in New Zealand . Only earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 or greater are listed , except for a few that had a moderate impact . Aftershocks are not included , unless they were of great significance or contributed to a death toll , such as the M 6.3 2011 Christchurch earthquake and the M 7.3 aftershock to the 1931 Hawke 's Bay earthquake .
Murti
Ancient Indian texts assert the significance of Murti in spiritual terms . The Vāstusūtra Upaniṣad , whose palm - leaf manuscripts were discovered in the 1970s among remote villages of Orissa -- four in Oriya language and one in crude Sanskrit , asserts that the doctrine of Murti art making is founded on the principles of origin and evolution of universe , is a `` form of every form of cosmic creator '' that empirically exists in nature , and it functions to inspire a devotee towards contemplating the Ultimate Supreme Principle ( Brahman ) . This text , whose composition date is unknown but probably from late 1st millennium CE , discusses the significance of images as , state Alice Boner and others , `` inspiring , elevating and purifying influence '' on the viewer and `` means of communicating a vision of supreme truth and for giving a taste of the infinite that lies beyond '' . It adds ( abridged ) :
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
League of Nations A-class mandatory territories were to revert to sovereign states on their termination , and after WW2 , this is what occurred with the exception of Palestine . In February 1947 , Britain announced its intent to terminate the Mandate for Palestine , referring the matter of the future of Palestine to the United Nations . The hope was that a binational state would ensue , which meant an unpartitioned Palestine . Ernest Bevin 's policy was premised on the idea that an Arab majority would carry the day , which met difficulties with Harry Truman who , sensitive to Zionist electoral pressures in the United States , pressed for a British - Zionist compromise . In May , the UN formed a Special Committee ( UNSCOP ) to prepare a report on recommendations for Palestine . The Jewish Agency pressed for Jewish representation and the exclusion of both Britain and Arab countries on the Committee , sought visits to camps where Holocaust survivors were interned in Europe as part of UNSCOP 's brief , and in May won representation on the Political Committee . The Arab states , convinced statehood had been subverted , and that the transition of authority from the League of Nations to the UN was questionable in law , wished the issues to be brought before an International Court , and refused to collaborate with UNSCOP , which had extended an invitation for liaison also to the Arab Higher Committee . In August , after three months of conducting hearings and a general survey of the situation in Palestine , a majority report of the committee recommended that the region be partitioned into an Arab and a Jewish state , which should retain an economic union . An international regime was envisioned for Jerusalem .
Neon lighting
Neon lighting consists of brightly glowing , electrified glass tubes or bulbs that contain rarefied neon or other gases . Neon lights are a type of cold cathode gas - discharge light . A neon tube is a sealed glass tube with a metal electrode at each end , filled with one of a number of gases at low pressure . A high potential of several thousand volts applied to the electrodes ionizes the gas in the tube , causing it to emit colored light . The color of the light depends on the gas in the tube . Neon lights were named for neon , a noble gas which gives off a popular orange light , but other gases and chemicals are used to produce other colors , such as hydrogen ( red ) , helium ( yellow ) , carbon dioxide ( white ) , and mercury ( blue ) . Neon tubes can be fabricated in curving artistic shapes , to form letters or pictures . They are mainly used to make dramatic , multicolored glowing signage for advertising , called neon signs , which were popular from the 1920s to the 1950s .
Kurt Angle
At the end of the show Crimson saved Angle from a beating at the hands of Immortal and Fortune . The following week Ric Flair reinstated Angle in order to place him and Crimson in a seven -- on -- two handicap match against Jarrett , James Storm , Robert Roode , Kazarian , Rob Terry , Gunner and Murphy . The match ended with Jarrett pinning Angle for the win . Afterwards , Angle was saved from another beatdown by the returning Scott Steiner . The following week Fortune turned on Immortal and aligned themselves with Angle , Crimson and Steiner . On February 13 at Against All Odds Jarrett defeated Angle in a singles match and as a result Angle was forced to walk Karen down the aisle , when she and Jarrett renewed their wedding vows on the March 3 episode of Impact ! . After the match Angle hinted at a possible retirement by leaving his wrestling boots in the ring . On March 3 , Angle proceeded to destroy the wedding set with an axe and forced wedding guest , New York Jet Bart Scott to submit with the ankle lock . On April 17 at Lockdown , Jarrett defeated Angle in an `` Ultra Male Rules '' two out of three falls steel cage match , with help from Karen . On the May 12 episode of Impact ! , Angle revealed Chyna as his backup in taking care of the Jarretts . At Sacrifice , Angle and Chyna defeated the Jarretts in a mixed tag team match . Later that same month , Angle signed a new three - year contract with TNA . With Karen out of the picture , Angle defeated Jarrett on June 12 at Slammiversary IX in what was billed as the `` final battle '' between the two to retain his Olympic gold medal and become the number one contender for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship . However , on the following episode of Impact Wrestling , Jarrett challenged Angle to a Parking Lot Brawl and agreed to sign a contract that would force him to move to Mexico without Angle 's children , should he lose the match . Angle ended up winning the fight after choking Jarrett with a shirt , forcing him to say `` adiós '' . Immortal
Cell theory
The discovery of the cell was made possible through the invention of the microscope . In the first century BC , Romans were able to make glass , discovering that objects appeared to be larger under the glass . In Italy during the 12th century , Salvino D'Armate made a piece of glass fit over one eye , allowing for a magnification effect to that eye . The expanded use of lenses in eyeglasses in the 13th century probably led to wider spread use of simple microscopes ( magnifying glasses ) with limited magnification . Compound microscope , which combine an objective lens with an eyepiece to view a real image achieving much higher magnification , first appeared in Europe around 1620 In 1665 , Robert Hooke used a microscope about six inches long with two convex lenses inside and examined specimens under reflected light for the observations in his book Micrographia . Hooke also used a simpler microscope with a single lens for examining specimens with directly transmitted light , because this allowed for a clearer image .
Chernobyl disaster
Politically , the accident gave great significance to the new Soviet policy of glasnost , and helped forge closer Soviet -- US relations at the end of the Cold War , through bioscientific cooperation . The disaster also became a key factor in the Union 's eventual 1991 dissolution , and a major influence in shaping the new Eastern Europe .
History of the Knights Templar
Another key tactic of the Templars was that of the `` squadron charge '' . A small group of knights and their heavily armed warhorses would gather into a tight unit which would gallop full speed at the enemy lines , with a determination and force of will that made it clear that they would rather commit suicide than fall back . This terrifying onslaught would frequently have the desired result of breaking a hole in the enemy lines , thereby giving the other Crusader forces an advantage .
White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)
In Chapter 9 , the White Queen appears with the Red Queen , posing a series of typical Wonderland / Looking - Glass questions ( `` Divide a loaf by a knife : what 's the answer to that ? '' ) , and then celebrating Alice 's promotion from pawn to queen . When that celebration goes awry , the White Queen seems to flee the scene by disappearing into a tureen of soup . Martin Gardner 's The Annotated Alice points out that the White King is at the time in check from the Red Queen . Alice proceeds to `` capture '' the Red Queen and checkmate the Red King , ending the game . The White Queen is not seen again , except as one of Alice 's white cats , who Alice speculates may have influenced the dream .
Star of David
The Star of David ( ✡ ) , known in Hebrew as the Shield of David or Magen David ( Hebrew מָגֵן דָּוִד ‎ ; Biblical Hebrew Māḡēn Dāwīḏ ( maːˈɣeːn daːˈwiːð ) , Tiberian ( mɔˈɣen dɔˈvið ) , Modern Hebrew ( maˈɡen daˈvid ) , Ashkenazi Hebrew and Yiddish Mogein Dovid ( ˈmɔɡeɪn ˈdɔvid ) or Mogen Dovid ) , is a generally recognized symbol of modern Jewish identity and Judaism . Its shape is that of a hexagram , the compound of two equilateral triangles . Unlike the menorah , the Lion of Judah , the shofar and the lulav , the Star of David was never a uniquely Jewish symbol , although it had been used in that way as a printer 's colophon since the sixteenth century .
Israel
The Third ( 1919 -- 23 ) and Fourth Aliyahs ( 1924 -- 29 ) brought an additional 100,000 Jews to Palestine . The rise of Nazism and the increasing persecution of Jews in 1930s Europe led to the Fifth Aliyah , with an influx of a quarter of a million Jews . This was a major cause of the Arab revolt of 1936 -- 39 during which the British Mandate authorities alongside the Zionist militias of Haganah and Irgun killed 5,032 Arabs and wounded 14,760 , resulting in over ten percent of the adult male Palestinian Arab population killed , wounded , imprisoned or exiled . The British introduced restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine with the White Paper of 1939 . With countries around the world turning away Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust , a clandestine movement known as Aliyah Bet was organized to bring Jews to Palestine . By the end of World War II , the Jewish population of Palestine had increased to 33 % of the total population .
Five-O (Better Call Saul)
Roth Cornet of IGN gave it a score of 9.7 out of 10 , praising the performance of Jonathan Banks , the episode 's pacing and interwoven storylines , as well as the final scene of the episode . She concluded , `` Better Call Saul continues to deliver some of the best of what television has to offer as both those familiar with Breaking Bad and new viewers alike were given a shattering look at Mike 's tragic past . '' Tim Surette of TV.com also highly praised the performance of Banks , and wrote it is worthy of an Emmy , calling it `` one of the best episodes to date of 2015 's best new show to date '' .