vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Bootstrapping
Bootstrapping in business means starting a business without external help or capital . Such startups fund the development of their company through internal cash flow and are cautious with their expenses . Generally at the start of a venture , a small amount of money will be set aside for the bootstrap process . Bootstrapping can also be a supplement for econometric models . Bootstrapping was also expanded upon in the book Bootstrap Business by Richard Christiansen , the Harvard Business Review article The Art of Bootstrapping and the follow - up book The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses by Amar Bhide .
Collagen
When used cosmetically , there is a chance of allergic reactions causing prolonged redness ; however , this can be virtually eliminated by simple and inconspicuous patch testing prior to cosmetic use . Most medical collagen is derived from young beef cattle ( bovine ) from certified BSE - free animals . Most manufacturers use donor animals from either `` closed herds '' , or from countries which have never had a reported case of BSE such as Australia , Brazil , and New Zealand .
Account planning
The account planner is the bridge between the business side to the creative side of a marketing campaign . On the business side , the planner works with the account manager to understand what the client is looking for and then relate that to what the consumer wants . On the creative side , the planner helps to create an expressive snapshot or a single - minded directional creative brief to lead the way to the drawing board .
Taco Bell
In March 2012 , Taco Bell teamed up with Frito Lay and created the Doritos Locos Tacos , which is a taco with a Dorito Nacho Cheese flavored taco shell . In early 2012 , Taco Bell announced they would be launching a new line of breakfast menu items including a Johnsonville Foods sausage and egg wrap , breakfast burritos , hash browns , Cinnabon Delights , Seattle 's Best Coffee , and orange juice . Taco Bell is releasing a Mountain Dew infused drink called Mountain Dew A.M.
Dengeki Daisy
He is known to be a good father figure to Souichiro but he is also said to be the cause of the death of Kurosaki 's father when he exposed him as a spy . Takahiro Kurosaki Father of Kurosaki , he also worked with Souichiro and Prof. Midorikawa . After being accused of being a spy against the company they worked for , he later died in suspicious circumstances . After witnessing his death , Kurosaki vowed for vengeance , which made him create the virus Daisy thus earning him the same nickname . Teru 's friends Teru 's other friends include a helmet - hair girl ( Kako カコ ) and buck - teeth boy ( Ken ケン ) who like each other , an overweight boy ( Yoshi 良 ) , and a girl who pulls her bangs back and wears a ponytail ( Mei メイ ) . A comical group who support one another , they look to Teru as their leader and are very loyal to her and to each other .
Brownie points
A popular marketing practice employed by many stores in post-World War II US was the distribution of stamps with each purchase . The number of stamps given out varied with the amount of the purchase . These stamps were collected by customers and later redeemed for household gifts . The earliest of these stamps were brown in color and known as `` brown stamps '' or `` brown points '' . The relationship between a purchase and the collection of these `` brown points '' equated with doing a good thing ( supporting the local vendor ) and getting a bonus ( the valuable stamps ) . Purportedly , the collection of these `` brownie points '' eventually evolved into the modern usage . The term Browniepoints is still used as a marketing practice in business today by a New Zealand power company and also used by a gift service .
Waste minimisation
Waste minimisation can protect the environment and provide good economic and business practices . Waste minimisation can improve :
Sales taxes in the United States
The Service Occupation Tax is imposed upon the privilege of engaging in service businesses and is measured by the selling price of tangible personal property transferred as an incident to providing a service . The Service Use Tax is imposed upon the privilege of using or consuming tangible personal property transferred as an incident to the provision of a service . An example would be a printer of business cards . The printer owes Service Occupation Tax on the value of the paper and ink transferred to the customer in the form of printed business cards . The serviceperson may satisfy this tax by paying Use Tax to his supplier of paper and ink or , alternatively , may charge Service Use Tax to the purchaser of the business cards and remit the amount collected as Service Occupation Tax on the serviceperson 's tax return . The service itself , however , is not subject to tax .
List of Black Cat characters
Before becoming a sweeper , he was an inspector for the International Bureau of Investigations ( 国際 捜査 局 , Kokusai Sōsa Kyoku ) , along with his partner , Lloyd Goldwynne . Lloyd possessed an ability called Vision Eye ( 予見 眼 ( ヴィジョン アイ ) , Yoken Me ( Vijon Ai ) ) , which allowed him to see a few seconds into the future . Seven years ago , after being attacked by members of a crime family , Sven loses his right eye and Lloyd sacrifices himself to save him . A week before his death , Lloyd registered as an organ donor ; Sven received one of his eyes and the Vision Eye , although he is not able to use it as well as Lloyd . However , it puts a massive strain on his body so he normally keeps it under an eye patch . Sven later evolves it into the `` Grasper Eye '' ( 支配 眼 ( グラスパー アイ ) , Shihai Me ( Gurasupā Ai ) ) through rigorous training by having cannonballs fired at him , honing his endurance with the eye to the point where extensive use no longer drains him to the point of total collapse . The Grasper Eye allows him to see things in slow motion for about five seconds , allowing him to evade seemingly impossible attacks and barrages , and is less draining than the Vision Eye .
List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters
Whereas her personality is hardly explored in the books , Holly 's role was increased in film adaptions , debuting in Diary of a Wimpy Kid : Rodrick Rules as a newcomer to Greg 's middle school with whom he is instantly besotted . She is depicted as being friendly and good - natured . The relationship she shares with Greg and Rowley is emphasized and exaggerated in the film portrayals , to the extent it can be assumed that the feelings Greg has for her may be mutual . She reappears in Diary of a Wimpy Kid : Dog Days . Her family is portrayed as being wealthy and her sister shown to be tyrannical , spoiled , and selfish .
Spider
Male spiders identify themselves by a variety of complex courtship rituals to avoid being eaten by the females . Males of most species survive a few matings , limited mainly by their short life spans . Females weave silk egg - cases , each of which may contain hundreds of eggs . Females of many species care for their young , for example by carrying them around or by sharing food with them . A minority of species are social , building communal webs that may house anywhere from a few to 50,000 individuals . Social behavior ranges from precarious toleration , as in the widow spiders , to co-operative hunting and food - sharing . Although most spiders live for at most two years , tarantulas and other mygalomorph spiders can live up to 25 years in captivity .
Hormonal contraception
Contraceptive implants are inserted under the skin of the upper arm , and contain progesterone only . Jadelle ( Norplant 2 ) consists of two rods that release a low dose of hormones . It is effective for five years . Nexplanon has replaced the former Implanon and is also a single rod that releases etonogestrel ( similar to the body 's natural progesterone ) . The only difference between Implanon and Nexplanon is Nexplanon is radio opaque and can be detected by x-ray . This is needed for cases of implant migration . It is effective for three years and is usually done in office . It is over 99 % effective . It works in 3 ways : 1 . Prevents ovulation - usually an egg does not mature 2 . thickens cervical mucus so to prevent sperm from reaching the egg 3 . If those 2 fail , the last is the progesterone causes the lining of the uterus to be too thin for implantation .
Grip (job)
The term `` grip '' is from the early era of the circus . From there it was used in vaudeville and then in today 's film sound stages and sets . Some have suggested the name comes from the 1930s -- 40s slang term for a tool bag or `` grip '' that these technicians use to carry their tools . Another theory is that in the days of hand - cranked cameras , it was necessary for a few burly men to hang onto the tripod legs to stop excessive movement of the camera . These men became known as the `` good grips '' -- as they were constantly being instructed to `` keep a good grip on the tripod '' .
Houston Astros
In 1970 , the Astros were expected to be a serious threat in the National League West . In June , 19 - year - old César Cedeño was called up and immediately showed signs of being a superstar . The Dominican outfielder batted . 310 after being called up . Not to be outdone , Denis Menke batted . 304 and Jesús Alou batted . 306 . The Astros ' batting average was up by 19 points compared to the season before . The team looked good , but the Astros ' ERA was up . Larry Dierker and Don Wilson had winning records , but the pitching staff as a whole had an off season . Houston finished in fourth place in 1970 .
Wireless security
Black holing is one possible way of stopping a DoS attack . This is a situation where we drop all IP packets from an attacker . This is not a very good long - term strategy because attackers can change their source address very quickly .
The Phantom of the Opera
Passages narrated directly by the Persian and the final chapter piece together Erik 's life : the son of a construction business owner deformed from birth , he ran away from his native Normandy to work in fairs and in caravans , schooling himself in the arts of the circus across Europe and Asia , and eventually building trick palaces in Persia and Turkey . Eventually , he returned to France and , wearing a mask , started his own construction business . After being subcontracted to work on the foundations of the Palais Garnier , Erik had discreetly built himself a lair to disappear in , complete with hidden passages and other tricks that allowed him to spy on the managers and racket them .
Egg Bowl
At one point the level of rivalry was such that a victory by one of the schools in this game could salvage what had otherwise been a poor season . This was however proven not to always be the case when in 2004 Ole Miss won the game but fired its coach , David Cutcliffe , the next year , following a disappointing season .
Franchising
Where the franchisor has many partners , the agreement may take the shape of a business format franchise -- an agreement that is identical for all franchisees .
Social media
Social media have a strong influence on business activities and business performance . There are four channels by which social media resources can transform into business performance capabilities :
Wireless security
WPA Enterprise provides RADIUS based authentication using 802.1 X . WPA Personal uses a pre-shared Shared Key ( PSK ) to establish the security using an 8 to 63 character passphrase . The PSK may also be entered as a 64 character hexadecimal string . Weak PSK passphrases can be broken using off - line dictionary attacks by capturing the messages in the four - way exchange when the client reconnects after being deauthenticated . Wireless suites such as aircrack - ng can crack a weak passphrase in less than a minute . Other WEP / WPA crackers are AirSnort and Auditor Security Collection . Still , WPA Personal is secure when used with ' good ' passphrases or a full 64 - character hexadecimal key .
New Deal
There were dozens of new agencies created by Roosevelt through Executive Orders . They are typically known by their alphabetical initials .
Geography of Asia
In a second definition , Petrovsky refers to a new tendency to form transcontinental agencies , meaning agencies whose jurisdictions cross continental borders , rather than the whole continent . Petrovsky 's examples put together widely scattered sections of continents . There is no question of their trans - status . More precise views , however , require definitions of continents , which in the case of Asia are not quite so facile .
Public administration
Some modern authors define NPM as a combination of splitting large bureaucracies into smaller , more fragmented agencies , encouraging competition between different public agencies , and encouraging competition between public agencies and private firms and using economic incentives lines ( e.g. , performance pay for senior executives or user - pay models ) . NPM treats individuals as `` customers '' or `` clients '' ( in the private sector sense ) , rather than as citizens .
Video poker
Video poker machines in casinos in the United States are regulated by state or Indian gaming agencies . These agencies typically require that the machines deal random card sequences using a virtual deck of cards . This is based on a Nevada Gaming Commission regulation later adopted by other states with a gaming authority . Video poker machines are tested to ensure compliance with this requirement before they are offered to the public .
Pi
The first infinite sequence discovered in Europe was an infinite product ( rather than an infinite sum , which are more typically used in π calculations ) found by French mathematician François Viète in 1593 :
Medical device
For example , initial models of the artificial cardiac pacemaker were external support devices that transmits pulses of electricity to the heart muscles via electrode leads on the chest . The electrodes contact the heart directly through the chest , allowing stimulation pulses to pass through the body . Recipients of this typically suffered infection at the entrance of the electrodes , which led to the subsequent trial of the first internal pacemaker , with electrodes attached to the myocardium by thoracotomy . Future developments led to the isotope - power source that would last for the lifespan of the patient .
Political campaign
Successful campaigns usually require a campaign manager to coordinate the campaign 's operations . Apart from a candidate , they are often a campaign 's most visible leader . Modern campaign managers may be concerned with executing strategy rather than setting it - particularly if the senior strategists are typically outside political consultants such as primarily pollsters and media consultants .
History of advertising
A key to the new market was that upscale consumers in Mexico typically display `` malinchismo '' , which is a preference for imported American brands rather than local Mexican brands . As result , American products are sold mostly to the middle class market , and their advertising agencies generally avoid working class and rural areas . They concentrate their efforts instead on Mexico City , Monterrey , and Guadalajara , which purchase 70 percent of the American imports . Advertising battles in Mexico , include not only issues of quality , but issues of national authenticity . For example , in Mexico in the 1990s , two American exporters Procter & Gamble and Frito - Lay fought an advertising battle concerning whose potato chips are tastier , more natural , and more Mexican . Procter & Gamble challenged Frito - Lay 's Sabritas which controls 80 percent of the $1 billion chip market .
Flag of the United States
For the first time American flags were mass - produced rather than individually stitched and even so , manufacturers could not keep up with demand . As the long winter of 1861 turned into spring , that old flag meant something new . The abstraction of the Union cause was transfigured into a physical thing : strips of cloth that millions of people would fight for , and many thousands die for . -- Adam Goodheart .
The Man in the High Castle
Characters from the book that do appear are in most cases far more fleshed out with deeper and sometimes rather different backstories than their novel originals . For instance Wegener is a Standartenführer in the SS rather than a naval captain ( and oddly there are no German military or naval -- as opposed to SS -- personnel depicted anywhere in the first season ) . Rather than being a member of an organized internal resistance ( and despite his relatively low rank ) Wegener is a close personal confidante of Hitler himself and his disillusionment with the regime appears to be largely personal . Juliana and Frank are unmarried but living together rather than divorced and separated . Frank has a sister , nephew and niece , although they are killed early in the series , and this propels him into a more active role in relation to the resistance . Juliana also has a sister whose murder by the Kempeitai early in the season instigates her search for the mysterious Man in the High Castle , as well as her having a mother and stepfather who are significant supporting characters . Joe Cinnadella is renamed Joe Blake and as he becomes closer to Juliana appears to have growing doubts about his role as a Nazi agent . Robert Childan is however a more minor character ( at least in Season 1 ) than the original , while Ed McCarthy has a rather more prominent and active role .
Conflict theories
Societies are defined by inequality that produces conflict , rather than which produces order and consensus . This conflict based on inequality can only be overcome through a fundamental transformation of the existing relations in the society , and is productive of new social relations . The disadvantaged have structural interests that run counter to the status quo , which , once they are assumed , will lead to social change . Thus , they are viewed as agents of change rather than objects one should feel sympathy for . Human potential ( e.g. , capacity for creativity ) is suppressed by conditions of exploitation and oppression , which are necessary in any society with an unequal division of labour . These and other qualities do not necessarily have to be stunted due to the requirements of the so - called `` civilizing process , '' or `` functional necessity '' : creativity is actually an engine for economic development and change . The role of theory is in realizing human potential and transforming society , rather than maintaining the power structure . The opposite aim of theory would be the objectivity and detachment associated with positivism , where theory is a neutral , explanatory tool . Consensus is a euphemism for ideology . Genuine consensus is not achieved , rather the more powerful in societies are able to impose their conceptions on others and have them accept their discourses . Consensus does not preserve social order , it entrenches stratification , a tool of the current social order . The State serves the particular interests of the most powerful while claiming to represent the interests of all . Representation of disadvantaged groups in State processes may cultivate the notion of full participation , but this is an illusion / ideology . Inequality on a global level is characterized by the purposeful underdevelopment of Third World countries , both during colonization and after national independence . The global system ( i.e. , development agencies such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund ) benefits the most powerful countries and multi-national corporations , rather than the subjects of development , through economic , political , and military actions .
Adolescence
Adolescence is frequently characterized by a transformation of an adolescent 's understanding of the world , the rational direction towards a life course , and the active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority . An adolescent begins to develop a unique belief system through his or her interaction with social , familial , and cultural environments . While organized religion is not necessarily a part of every adolescent 's life experience , youth are still held responsible for forming a set of beliefs about themselves , the world around them , and whatever higher powers they may or may not believe in . This process is often accompanied or aided by cultural traditions that intend to provide a meaningful transition to adulthood through a ceremony , ritual , confirmation , or rite of passage .
Tequila
There are more than 300 known compounds in tequila , many of which are produced during the fermentation process , the raw material used , and to a lesser degree , during the maturation . The components that make up tequila do not act individually to give tequila its distinctive flavor and aroma , but rather , depends on the interaction and quantity of each volatile compound . The volatile compounds responsible for the flavor and aroma profiles of the tequila are put into a category called organoleptic compounds and are known to increase in concentration with a slower fermentation process . The organoleptic compounds produced during fermentation include higher order alcohols , methanol , esters , carbonyls , terpenes , and furans .
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
Ongoing ground - based total column measurements began more recently . Column measurements typically refer to an averaged column amount denoted X , rather than a surface only measurement . These measurements are made by the TCCON . These data are also hosted on the CDIAC , and made publicly available according to the data use policy .
High- and low-level
High - level and low - level are typically terms used to classify , describe and point to specific goals of a systematic operation , though its uses also vary depending on the context - such as use in computer science versus business administration . In general , high - level is used to describe operations that are more abstract in nature , where overall goals and systemic features are typically more concerned with the wider , macro system as a whole . Alternatively , a low - level description is one that describes more specific individual components of a systematic operation , focusing on the details of rudimentary micro functions rather than macro , complex processes . Low - level classification is typically more concerned with individual components within the system and how they operate .
Optic nerve
The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerves and is technically part of the central nervous system , rather than the peripheral nervous system because it is derived from an out - pouching of the diencephalon ( optic stalks ) during embryonic development . As a consequence , the fibers of the optic nerve are covered with myelin produced by oligodendrocytes , rather than Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system , and are encased within the meninges . Peripheral neuropathies like Guillain -- Barré syndrome do not affect the optic nerve . However , most typically the optic nerve is grouped with the other eleven cranial nerves and considered to be part of the peripheral nervous system . Dissection
Criticism of democracy
Plato rejected Athenian democracy on the basis that such democracies were anarchic societies without internal unity , that they followed citizens ' impulses rather than pursuing the common good , that democracies are unable to allow a sufficient number of their citizens to have their voices heard , and that such democracies were typically run by fools . Plato attacked Athenian democracies for mistaking anarchy for freedom . The lack of coherent unity in Athenian democracy made Plato conclude that such democracies were a mere collection of individuals occupying a common space rather than a form of political organization .