vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Port of San Diego
Environmental stewardship is a key role the Port of San Diego plays . The Port engages in public education for both adults and school children regarding pollution prevention . The Port protects San Diego bay through stormwater management and endangered species management . In addition , the bay is protected and improved through removal of hazardous waste and contaminated sediments .
Yemen
Yemen is a culturally rich country with influence from many civilizations , such as the early civilization of Sheba .
Assault rifle
After modifications ( most notably , the charging handle was re-located from under the carrying handle like AR - 10 to the rear of the receiver ) , the new redesigned rifle was subsequently adopted as the M16 Rifle . `` ( The M16 ) was much lighter compared to the M14 it replaced , ultimately allowing Soldiers to carry more ammunition . The air - cooled , gas - operated , magazine - fed assault rifle was made of steel , aluminum alloy and composite plastics , truly cutting - edge for the time . Designed with full and semi-automatic capabilities , the weapon initially did not respond well to wet and dirty conditions , sometimes even jamming in combat . After a few minor modifications , the weapon gained in popularity among troops on the battlefield . ''
Curling
A handle is attached by a bolt running vertically through a hole in the centre of the stone . The handle allows the stone to be gripped and rotated upon release ; on properly prepared ice the rotation will bend ( curl ) the path of the stone in the direction in which the front edge of the stone is turning , especially as the stone slows . Handles are coloured to identify each team , two popular colours in major tournaments being red and yellow . In competition , an electronic handle known as the eye on the hog may be fitted to detect hog line violations . This electronically detects whether the thrower 's hand is in contact with the handle as it passes the hog line and indicates a violation by lights at the base of the handle . The eye on the hog eliminates human error and the need for hog line officials . It is mandatory in high - level national and international competition , but its cost , around US $ 650 each , currently puts it beyond the reach of most club curling .
Ancient Greek architecture
Before the Hellenic era , two major cultures had dominated the region : the Minoan ( c. 2800 -- 1100 BC ) , and the Mycenaean ( c. 1500 -- 1100 BC ) . Minoan is the name given by modern historians to the culture of the people of ancient Crete , known for its elaborate and richly decorated palaces , and for its pottery painted with floral and marine motifs . The Mycenaean culture , which flourished on the Peloponnesus , was quite different in character . Its people built citadels , fortifications and tombs rather than palaces , and decorated their pottery with bands of marching soldiers rather than octopus and seaweed . Both these civilizations came to an end around 1100 BC , that of Crete possibly because of volcanic devastation , and that of Mycenae because of an invasion by the Dorian people who lived on the Greek mainland . Following these events , there was a period from which few signs of culture remain . This period is thus often referred to as a Dark Age .
Education reform
Classical education in this period also did not teach local ( vernacular ) languages and cultures . Instead it taught high - status ancient languages ( Greek and Latin ) and their cultures . This produced odd social effects in which an intellectual class might be more loyal to ancient cultures and institutions than to their native vernacular languages and their actual governing authorities .
Column
The Egyptians , Persians and other civilizations mostly used columns for the practical purpose of holding up the roof inside a building , preferring outside walls to be decorated with reliefs or painting , but the Ancient Greeks , followed by the Romans , loved to use them on the outside as well , and the extensive use of columns on the interior and exterior of buildings is one of the most characteristic features of classical architecture , in buildings like the Parthenon . The Greeks developed the classical orders of architecture , which are most easily distinguished by the form of the column and its various elements . Their Doric , Ionic , and Corinthian orders were expanded by the Romans to include the Tuscan and Composite orders ( see below ) .
Mesopotamia
The numerous civilizations of the area influenced the Abrahamic religions , especially the Hebrew Bible ; its cultural values and literary influence are especially evident in the Book of Genesis .
Nation state
As an extension , he posits that the concept of different civilizations , as the highest rank of cultural identity , will become increasingly useful in analyzing the potential for conflict .
History of Mexico
The history of Mexico , a country in the southern portion of North America , covers a period of more than three millennia . First populated more than 13,000 years ago , the territory had complex indigenous civilizations before being conquered and colonized by the Spanish in the 16th century . One of the important aspects of Mesoamerican civilizations was their development of a form of writing , so that Mexico 's written history stretches back hundreds of years before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519 . This era before the arrival of Europeans is called variously the prehispanic era or the precolumbian era .
Disneyland Monorail System
In the fall of 2006 , the Tomorrowland Station was remodeled due to the Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage construction . The original speed ramps were removed , and a new concrete ramp was added on the east end of the station to handle the queue and access to the station , with concrete stairs on the west end to handle the exiting Monorail passengers .
Japanese swordsmithing
In Japanese , the scabbard for a katana is referred to as a saya , and the handguard piece , often intricately designed as an individual work of art -- especially in later years of the Edo period -- was called the tsuba . Other aspects of the mountings ( koshirae ) , such as the menuki ( decorative grip swells ) , habaki ( blade collar and scabbard wedge ) , fuchi and kashira ( handle collar and cap ) , kozuka ( small utility knife handle ) , kogai ( decorative skewer - like implement ) , saya lacquer , and tsuka - ito ( professional handle wrap , also named emaki ) , received similar levels of artistry .
Pottery of ancient Greece
Delphi Archaeological Museum has some particularly good examples of this style , including a vase with Aphrodite and Eros . The base is round , cylindrical , and its handle vertical , with bands , covered with black colour . The female figure ( Aphrodite ) is depicted seated , wearing an himation . Next to her stands a male figure , naked and winged . Both figures wear wreaths made of leaves and their hair preserve traces of golden paint . The features of their faces are stylized . The vase has a white ground and maintains in several parts the traces of bluish , greenish and reddish paint . It dates to the 4th century BC .
Taxonomy (biology)
While some descriptions of taxonomic history attempt to date taxonomy to ancient civilizations , a truly scientific attempt to classify organisms did not occur until the 18th century . Earlier works were primarily descriptive and focused on plants that were useful in agriculture or medicine . There are a number of stages in this scientific thinking . Early taxonomy was based on arbitrary criteria , the so - called `` artificial systems '' , including Linnaeus 's system of sexual classification . Later came systems based on a more complete consideration of the characteristics of taxa , referred to as `` natural systems '' , such as those of de Jussieu ( 1789 ) , de Candolle ( 1813 ) and Bentham and Hooker ( 1862 -- 1863 ) . These were pre-evolutionary in thinking . The publication of Charles Darwin 's On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ) led to new ways of thinking about classification based on evolutionary relationships . This was the concept of phyletic systems , from 1883 onwards . This approach was typified by those of Eichler ( 1883 ) and Engler ( 1886 -- 1892 ) . The advent of molecular genetics and statistical methodology allowed the creation of the modern era of `` phylogenetic systems '' based on cladistics , rather than morphology alone .
Crab
The Kapsiki people of North Cameroon use the way crabs handle objects for divination .
Free clinic
Some clinics use a referral system to handle other forms of specialized medical care .
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
The ethnic Macedonian rulers of the Ptolemaic and Seleucid successor states accepted men from all over the Greek world as their hetairoi companions and did not foster a national identity like the Antigonids . Modern scholarship has focused on how these Hellenistic successor kingdoms were influenced more by their Macedonian origins than Eastern or southern Greek traditions . While Spartan society remained mostly insular and Athens continued placing strict limitations on acquiring citizenship , the cosmopolitan Hellenistic cities of Asia and northeastern Africa bore a greater resemblance to Macedonian cities and contained a mixture of subjects including natives , Greek and Macedonian colonists , and Greek - speaking Hellenized Easterners , many of whom were the product of intermarriage between Greeks and native populations .
Education in ancient Rome
Rome as a republic or an empire never formally instituted a state - sponsored form of elementary education . In no stage of its history did Rome ever legally require its people to be educated on any level .
Ancient Egypt
A team lead by Johannes Krause managed the first reliable sequencing of the genomes of 90 mummified individuals in 2017 . Whilst not conclusive , because of the non-exhaustive time frame and restricted location that the mummies represent , their study nevertheless showed that these ancient Egyptians `` closely resembled ancient and modern Near Eastern populations , especially those in the Levant , and had almost no DNA from sub-Saharan Africa . What 's more , the genetics of the mummies remained remarkably consistent even as different powers -- including Nubians , Greeks , and Romans -- conquered the empire . '' Later , however , something did alter the genomes of Egyptians . Some 15 % to 20 % of modern Egyptians ' DNA reflects sub-Saharan ancestry , but the ancient mummies had only 6 - 15 % sub-Saharan DNA .
Ancient Roman architecture
Ancient Rome had elaborate and luxurious houses owned by the elite . The average house , or in cities apartment , of a commoner or plebe did not contain many luxuries . The domus , or single - family residence , was only for the well - off in Rome , with most having a layout of the closed unit , consisting of one or two rooms . Between 312 and 315 A.D. Rome had 1781 domus and 44,850 of insulae .
1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak
By talking to local residents ( with the help of Reverend Henry Whitehead ) , Snow identified the source of the outbreak as the public water pump on Broad Street ( now Broadwick Street ) at Cambridge Street . Although Snow 's chemical and microscope examination of a sample of the water from this Broad Street pump water did not conclusively prove its danger , his facts about the patterns of illness and death among residents in Soho persuaded the St James parish authorities to disable the well pump by removing its handle .
Rollover (key)
Rollover is the ability of a computer keyboard to correctly handle several simultaneous keystrokes .
Ancient Greek architecture
Mycenaean art is marked by its circular structures and tapered domes with flat - bedded , cantilevered courses . This architectural form did not carry over into the architecture of ancient Greece , but reappeared about 400 BC in the interior of large monumental tombs such as the Lion Tomb at Cnidos ( c. 350 BC ) . Little is known of Mycenaean wooden or domestic architecture and any continuing traditions that may have flowed into the early buildings of the Dorian people .
Ancient Greek cuisine
Outside of these therapeutic uses , Greek society did not approve of women drinking wine . According to Aelian , a Massalian law prohibited this and restricted women to drinking water . Sparta was the only city where women routinely drank wine .
Reba McEntire
In October 2001 , McEntire premiered her half - hour television sitcom Reba on the WB network . The show was based around divorced mother Reba Hart , who learns how to handle life situations after her husband divorces her and their teenage daughter becomes pregnant . Reba garnered critical acclaim and success , becoming the network 's highest - rated television show for adults ranging from the ages of eighteen to forty nine . The show ran for six seasons and earned McEntire a nomination for a Golden Globe award . It was cancelled on February 18 , 2007 ; the series finale had 8.7 million viewers .
Bayonet
The FN FAL has two types of bayonets . The first is a traditional spear point bayonet . The second is the Type C socket bayonet introduced in the 1960s . It has a hollow handle that fits over the muzzle and slots that lined up with those on the FALs 22 mm NATO - spec flash hider . Its spear - type blade is offset to the side of the handle to allow the bullet to pass beside the blade .
Chinese Buddhism
There were several components that led to opposition of Buddhism . One factor is the foreign origins of Buddhism , unlike Daoism and Confucianism . Han Yu wrote , `` Buddha was a man of the barbarians who did not speak the language of China and wore clothes of a different fashion . His sayings did not concern the ways of our ancient kings , nor did his manner of dress conform to their laws . He understood neither the duties that bind sovereign and subject , nor the affections of father and son . ''
Ancient Greek cuisine
Food played an important part in the Greek mode of thought . Classicist John Wilkins notes that `` in the Odyssey for example , good men are distinguished from bad and Greeks from foreigners partly in terms of how and what they ate . Herodotus identified people partly in terms of food and eating '' .
Ghaggar-Hakra River
There are no Harappan sites on the Sutlej in its present lower course , only in its upper course near the Siwaliks , and along the dried up channel of the ancient Sutlej , which indicates the Sutlej did flow into the Ghaggar - Hakra at that time .
Switch
A toggle switch is a class of electrical switches that are manually actuated by a mechanical lever , handle , or rocking mechanism .
Citizenship
Slavery permitted slaveowners to have substantial free time , and enabled participation in public life . Polis citizenship was marked by exclusivity . Inequality of status was widespread ; citizens ( πολίτης politēs < πόλις ' city ' ) had a higher status than non-citizens , such as women , slaves , and resident foreigners ( metics ) . The first form of citizenship was based on the way people lived in the ancient Greek times , in small - scale organic communities of the polis . Citizenship was not seen as a separate activity from the private life of the individual person , in the sense that there was not a distinction between public and private life . The obligations of citizenship were deeply connected into one 's everyday life in the polis . These small - scale organic communities were generally seen as a new development in world history , in contrast to the established ancient civilizations of Egypt or Persia , or the hunter - gatherer bands elsewhere . From the viewpoint of the ancient Greeks , a person 's public life was not separated from their private life , and Greeks did not distinguish between the two worlds according to the modern western conception . The obligations of citizenship were deeply connected with everyday life . To be truly human , one had to be an active citizen to the community , which Aristotle famously expressed : `` To take no part in the running of the community 's affairs is to be either a beast or a god ! '' This form of citizenship was based on obligations of citizens towards the community , rather than rights given to the citizens of the community . This was not a problem because they all had a strong affinity with the polis ; their own destiny and the destiny of the community were strongly linked . Also , citizens of the polis saw obligations to the community as an opportunity to be virtuous , it was a source of honour and respect . In Athens , citizens were both ruler and ruled , important political and judicial offices were rotated and all citizens had the right to speak and vote in the political assembly .
Republic
The term republic originated from the writers of the Renaissance as a descriptive term for states that were not monarchies . These writers , such as Machiavelli , also wrote important prescriptive works describing how such governments should function . These ideas of how a government and society should be structured is the basis for an ideology known as classical republicanism or civic humanism . This ideology is based on the Roman Republic and the city states of Ancient Greece and focuses on ideals such as civic virtue , rule of law and mixed government .
Gemini (astrology)
NASA called their two - person space capsule Project Gemini after the zodiac , because the spacecraft could handle two astronauts .
Pendulum
Upon the bench I will so handle ' em That the vibration of this pendulum Shall make all taylors ' yards of one Unanimous opinion
Sustainability
Historically there has been a close correlation between economic growth and environmental degradation : as communities grow , so the environment declines . This trend is clearly demonstrated on graphs of human population numbers , economic growth , and environmental indicators . Unsustainable economic growth has been starkly compared to the malignant growth of a cancer because it eats away at the Earth 's ecosystem services which are its life - support system . There is concern that , unless resource use is checked , modern global civilization will follow the path of ancient civilizations that collapsed through overexploitation of their resource base . While conventional economics is concerned largely with economic growth and the efficient allocation of resources , ecological economics has the explicit goal of sustainable scale ( rather than continual growth ) , fair distribution and efficient allocation , in that order . The World Business Council for Sustainable Development states that `` business can not succeed in societies that fail '' .
Disneyland Monorail System
If a train is stopped at a station platform or at the work platform , guests can exit the train onto the platform . Exiting a train is possible even when the doors of the train cars are closed . A cast member outside the car can also forcibly open the rightmost door panel of the car by releasing the air pressure holding that panel closed . The air pressure release is a handle beneath the rectangular center window that is similar in appearance to a car door handle .
Pillow
The Romans and Greeks of ancient Europe mastered the creation of the softer type pillow . These pillows were stuffed with reeds , feathers , and straw in order to make them softer and more comfortable . Only upper - class people typically owned these softer pillows ; however , all classes of people were allowed to use some type of pillow while sleeping , lying down or sitting in order to give them support . People in ancient Europe started to use pillows when going to church in order to kneel on while praying and to place holy books on . This is a tradition that still lives on today . Additionally , the Romans and Greeks used their pillows by placing them under the head of those deceased just like the ancient Egyptians did .
Olmec
The population of the Olmecs flourished during Mesoamerica 's formative period , dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE . Pre-Olmec cultures had flourished in the area since about 2500 BCE , but by 1600 -- 1500 BCE , early Olmec culture had emerged , centered on the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán site near the coast in southeast Veracruz . They were the first Mesoamerican civilization , and laid many of the foundations for the civilizations that followed . Among other `` firsts '' , the Olmec appeared to practice ritual bloodletting and played the Mesoamerican ballgame , hallmarks of nearly all subsequent Mesoamerican societies . The aspect of the Olmecs most familiar now is their artwork , particularly the aptly named `` colossal heads '' . The Olmec civilization was first defined through artifacts which collectors purchased on the pre-Columbian art market in the late 19th century and early 20th century . Olmec artworks are considered among ancient America 's most striking .
History of democracy
In recent decades scholars have explored the possibility that advancements toward democratic government occurred somewhere else ( i.e. other than Greece ) first , as Greece developed its complex social and political institutions long after the appearance of the earliest civilizations in Egypt and the Near East . Mesopotamia
Jimmy McNulty
When Burrell asks his majors and shift lieutenants to send additional detectives for the investigative detail , McNulty himself is also assigned to the unit . Daniels and McNulty argue about how to handle the case at their first meeting : McNulty , after seeing an FBI drug sting , suggests surveillance and wiretaps , but Burrell has ordered Daniels to put together a quick and simple case to appease Phelan . Soon after the investigation begins , McNulty learns from his friend in the FBI , Special Agent Fitzhugh , that Daniels had been investigated for having a suspiciously large amount of liquid assets . His relationship with Daniels continues to be complicated by their mutual distrust .
One Thousand and One Nights
In another 1001 Nights tale , `` Abdullah the Fisherman and Abdullah the Merman '' , the protagonist Abdullah the Fisherman gains the ability to breathe underwater and discovers an underwater society that is portrayed as an inverted reflection of society on land , in that the underwater society follows a form of primitive communism where concepts like money and clothing do not exist . Other Arabian Nights tales also depict Amazon societies dominated by women , lost ancient technologies , advanced ancient civilizations that went astray , and catastrophes which overwhelmed them . `` The City of Brass '' features a group of travellers on an archaeological expedition across the Sahara to find an ancient lost city and attempt to recover a brass vessel that Solomon once used to trap a jinn , and , along the way , encounter a mummified queen , petrified inhabitants , lifelike humanoid robots and automata , seductive marionettes dancing without strings , and a brass horseman robot who directs the party towards the ancient city , which has now become a ghost town . `` The Ebony Horse '' features a flying mechanical horse controlled using keys that could fly into outer space and towards the Sun . Some modern interpretations see this horse as a robot . The titular ebony horse can fly the distance of one year in a single day , and is used as a vehicle by the Prince of Persia , Qamar al - Aqmar , in his adventures across Persia , Arabia and Byzantium . This story appears to have influenced later European tales such as Adenes Le Roi 's Cleomades and `` The Squire 's Prologue and Tale '' told in Geoffrey Chaucer 's The Canterbury Tales . `` The City of Brass '' and `` The Ebony Horse '' can be considered early examples of proto - science fiction . The `` Third Qalandar 's Tale '' also features a robot in the form of an uncanny boatman .