vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Early world maps
The Arab geographer , Muhammad al - Idrisi , incorporated the knowledge of Africa , the Indian Ocean and the Far East gathered by Arab merchants and explorers with the information inherited from the classical geographers to create the most accurate map of the world at the time . It remained the most accurate world map for the next three centuries . The Tabula Rogeriana was drawn by Al - Idrisi in 1154 for the Norman King Roger II of Sicily , after a stay of eighteen years at his court , where he worked on the commentaries and illustrations of the map . The map , written in Arabic , shows the Eurasian continent in its entirety , but only shows the northern part of the African continent . The
Normal distribution
This approximation delivers for z a maximum absolute error of 0.026 ( for 0.5 ≤ p ≤ 0.9999 , corresponding to 0 ≤ z ≤ 3.719 ) . For p < 1 / 2 replace p by 1 − p and change sign . Another approximation , somewhat less accurate , is the single - parameter approximation :
Cost–benefit analysis
Cost -- benefit analysis is often used by organizations to appraise the desirability of a given policy . It is an analysis of the expected balance of benefits and costs , including an account of foregone alternatives and the status quo . CBA helps predict whether the benefits of a policy outweigh its costs , and by how much relative to other alternatives , so that one can rank alternate policies in terms of the cost -- benefit ratio . Generally , accurate cost -- benefit analysis identifies choices that increase welfare from a utilitarian perspective . Assuming an accurate CBA , changing the status quo by implementing the alternative with the lowest cost -- benefit ratio can improve Pareto efficiency . While CBA can offer a well - educated estimate of the best alternative -- perfect appraisal of all present and future costs and benefits is difficult -- , perfection in terms of economic efficiency and social welfare are not guaranteed .
The White Queen (TV series)
Queen Anne Neville is jealous , but Richard reveals that he is doing so only to prevent Elizabeth 's marriage alliance with Henry Tudor . The former Queen Elizabeth warns her daughter of the curse they cast on Prince Edward 's killer ( that his children and grandchildren would be struck down prematurely ) ; this could include the young Elizabeth 's children should she marry Richard . Following the death of their only son and heir , an embittered and grief - stricken Anne dies . Remorseful , Richard immediately dismisses Elizabeth , realizing that his strategy has driven away Neville supporters . Lady Margaret Beaufort is still under house arrest , and there is friction between her and the young Elizabeth of York , who has been sent to stay with her ; Elizabeth believes she will become Queen regardless of who wins the battle . As Henry Tudor prepares to cross the Channel with his army of French convicts and mercenaries , a solar eclipse takes place ; Margaret sees this as a message from God that Henry will be king . She defies her house arrest to ride to Bosworth field where she pleads with Stanley to fight against the king , but he refuses to commit himself because Richard ( suspicious of Stanley 's allegiance ) has taken his son as a hostage . Margaret sees Jasper and is able to talk to Henry before battle commences at Bosworth . Things are not going well for Tudor ( Richard has twice his numbers ) until Stanley 's men charge the king 's forces . Richard is killed in the ensuing meelee . As Stanley kneels to offer Henry the crown , Margaret declares herself `` Margaret Regina '' , ordering her husband to remain kneeling before the mother of the king . Elizabeth is reunited with her son Richard and warns him not to seek revenge . She tells her daughter that she will marry Tudor and become queen , just as she herself once was .
Sundial
In some U.S. colonial - era houses , a noon - mark can often be found carved into a floor or windowsill . Such marks indicate local noon , and provide a simple and accurate time reference for households that do not possess accurate clocks . In modern times , in some Asian countries , post offices set their clocks from a precision noon - mark . These in turn provide the times for the rest of the society . The typical noon - mark sundial was a lens set above an analemmatic plate . The plate has an engraved figure - eight shape , which corresponds to plotting the equation of time ( described above ) versus the solar declination . When the edge of the sun 's image touches the part of the shape for the current month , this indicates that it is 12 : 00 noon .
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Amyntas III was forced to flee his kingdom in either 393 or 383 BC ( based on conflicting accounts ) , owing to a massive invasion by the Illyrian Dardani led by Bardylis . The pretender to the throne Argaeus ruled in his absence , yet Amyntas III eventually returned to his kingdom with the aid of Thessalian allies . Amyntas III was also nearly overthrown by the forces of the Chalcidian city of Olynthos , but with the aid of Teleutias , brother of the Spartan king Agesilaus II , the Macedonians forced Olynthos to surrender and dissolve their Chalcidian League in 379 BC .
Forecasting
Risk and uncertainty are central to forecasting and prediction ; it is generally considered good practice to indicate the degree of uncertainty attaching to forecasts . In any case , the data must be up to date in order for the forecast to be as accurate as possible . In some cases the data used to predict the independent variable is itself forecasted .
Sun path
The relative position of the Sun is a major factor in the heat gain of buildings and in the performance of solar energy systems . Accurate location - specific knowledge of sun path and climatic conditions is essential for economic decisions about solar collector area , orientation , landscaping , summer shading , and the cost - effective use of solar trackers .
Forrest Gump
In 2011 , the Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .
Incident report
Generally , according to health care guidelines , the report must be filled out as soon as possible following the incident ( but after the situation has been stabilized ) . This way , the details written in the report are as accurate as possible .
The Rite of Spring
In 2000 , Kalmus Music Publishers brought out an edition where former Philadelphia Orchestra librarian Clint Nieweg made over 21,000 corrections to the score and parts . Since then a published errata list has added some 310 more corrections , and this is considered to be the most accurate version of the work as of 2013 .
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Aratus sent an embassy to Antigonus III in 226 BC seeking an unexpected alliance now that the reformist king Cleomenes III of Sparta was threatening the rest of Greece in the Cleomenean War ( 229 -- 222 BC ) . In exchange for military aid , Antigonus III demanded the return of Corinth to Macedonian control , which Aratus finally agreed to in 225 BC . In 224 BC , Antigonus III 's forces took Arcadia from Sparta . After forming a Hellenic league in the same vein as Philip II 's League of Corinth , he managed to defeat Sparta at the Battle of Sellasia in 222 BC . Sparta was occupied by a foreign power for the first time in its history , restoring Macedonia 's position as the leading power in Greece . Antigonus died a year later , perhaps from tuberculosis , leaving behind a strong Hellenistic kingdom for his successor Philip V .
Lithuania
There are four TIER III datacenters in Lithuania . Lithuania is 44th globally ranked country on data center density according to Cloudscene .
Global Positioning System
While there were wide needs for accurate navigation in military and civilian sectors , almost none of those was seen as justification for the billions of dollars it would cost in research , development , deployment , and operation for a constellation of navigation satellites . During the Cold War arms race , the nuclear threat to the existence of the United States was the one need that did justify this cost in the view of the United States Congress . This deterrent effect is why GPS was funded . It is also the reason for the ultra secrecy at that time . The nuclear triad consisted of the United States Navy 's submarine - launched ballistic missiles ( SLBMs ) along with United States Air Force ( USAF ) strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) . Considered vital to the nuclear deterrence posture , accurate determination of the SLBM launch position was a force multiplier .
Blazing Saddles
In 2006 , Blazing Saddles was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry .
Tennis court
Historically for the Grand Slams grass courts have been used at the Australian Open from 1905 to 1987 , the US Open from 1881 to 1974 , and Wimbledon since 1877 .
Tea culture
Historically there were two phases of tea drinking in China based on the form of tea that was produced and consumed , namely : tea bricks versus loose leaf tea . Tea
Arizona
In contrast , Pima County , home to Tucson , and most of southern Arizona have historically voted more Democratic . While Tucson 's suburbs lean Republican , they hold to a somewhat more moderate brand of Republicanism than is common in the Phoenix area .
Call of Duty: Black Ops III
According to review aggregator Metacritic , Call of Duty : Black Ops III received `` generally favorable '' critic reviews for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , and `` mixed or average '' critic reviews for PC . GameSpot awarded it a score of 7 out of 10 , saying , `` Black Ops III does n't offer anything remarkable to the series , but does just enough to maintain the Call of Duty status quo . The franchise , however slowly , continues its inexorable march . '' Polygon also gave the game a score of 7 out of 10 , saying `` Black Ops III 's biggest point of recommendation may be the breadth of content there , and that 's a valid point of view . But Treyarch does n't meaningfully move the series forward here . '' IGN awarded it a score of 9.2 out of 10 , saying `` With fun 4 - player co-op , new powers , and a fleshed out Zombies mode , Black Ops 3 is the biggest Call of Duty game yet . ''
Magnetic field
Predictions of QED agree with experiments to an extremely high degree of accuracy : currently about 10 ( and limited by experimental errors ) ; for details see precision tests of QED . This makes QED one of the most accurate physical theories constructed thus far .
Wheatstone bridge
A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit , one leg of which includes the unknown component . The primary benefit of a wheatstone bridge is its ability to provide extremely accurate measurements ( in contrast with something like a simple voltage divider ) . Its operation is similar to the original potentiometer .
Quartz clock
Some premium movement designs self - rate and self - regulate . That is , rather than just counting vibrations , their computer program takes the simple count and scales it using a ratio calculated between an epoch set at the factory , and the most recent time the clock was set . These clocks become more accurate as they age .
Pendulum
The Mendenhall pendulum was actually a more accurate timekeeper than the highest precision clocks of the time , and as the ' world 's best clock ' it was used by Albert A. Michelson in his 1924 measurements of the speed of light on Mt . Wilson , California .
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
In December 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .
Field of Dreams
In 2017 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .
Semen
Based on the resemblance of dandelion juice to human semen , it was historically believed that the flower magically promoted the flow of sperm . This belief possibly derives from the doctrine of signatures .
Pocahontas (1995 film)
According to Chief Roy Crazy Horse of the Powhatan Renape Nation , the film `` distorts history beyond recognition '' and `` perpetuates a dishonest and self - serving myth at the expense of the Powhatan Nation '' . Roy claims that Disney refused the tribe 's offers to help create a more culturally and historically accurate film . An editorial by Angela Aleiss in the Los Angeles Times pointed out America 's fascination with the Indian princess who was rarely shown as having anything more important in her life than her male relationships . Professor and Director of Indigenous Nations Studies Cornel Pewewardy argues that the film presents damaging stereotypes of the Native American population . Pewewardy feels that the representation of Native characters , like Grandmother Willow , Meeko , and Flit , as animals , has a marginalizing effect . Anthropologist Kiyomi Kutsuzawa also observed that in the film , Kocoum and John Smith fight for Pocahontas 's affection . Kutsuzawa viewed Smith 's victory over Kocoum in this arena as symbolic of Western Europe 's domination of the Americas and the white man 's domination over men of color . The lyrics of the song `` Savages '' , in which the English and the Native Americans each accuse the other culture of being evil and subhuman , has been called insensitive by Peweardy .
Tower of London
The Tower was orientated with its strongest and most impressive defences overlooking Saxon London , which archaeologist Alan Vince suggests was deliberate . It would have visually dominated the surrounding area and stood out to traffic on the River Thames . The castle is made up of three `` wards '' , or enclosures . The innermost ward contains the White Tower and is the earliest phase of the castle . Encircling it to the north , east , and west is the inner ward , built during the reign of Richard I ( 1189 -- 1199 ) . Finally , there is the outer ward which encompasses the castle and was built under Edward I . Although there were several phases of expansion after William the Conqueror founded the Tower of London , the general layout has remained the same since Edward I completed his rebuild in 1285 . The castle encloses an area of almost 12 acres ( 4.9 hectares ) with a further 6 acres ( 2.4 ha ) around the Tower of London constituting the Tower Liberties -- land under the direct influence of the castle and cleared for military reasons . The precursor of the Liberties was laid out in the 13th century when Henry III ordered that a strip of land adjacent to the castle be kept clear . Despite popular fiction , the Tower of London never had a permanent torture chamber , although the basement of the White Tower housed a rack in later periods . Tower Wharf was built on the bank of the Thames under Edward I and was expanded to its current size during the reign of Richard II ( 1377 -- 1399 ) .
Iron(II,III) oxide
Controlled oxidation of Fe O is used to produce brown pigment quality γ - Fe O ( maghemite ) :
Augusten Burroughs
I consider this not only a personal victory but a victory for all memoirists . I still maintain that the book is an entirely accurate memoir , and that it was not fictionalized or sensationalized in any way . I did not embellish or invent elements . We had a very strong case because I had the truth on my side . ''
Quartz clock
Commercial analog and digital wall clocks became available in 2014 that utilize a double oven quartz oscillator , accurate to 0.2 ppb . These clocks are factory - synchronized with the atomic time standard and typically do not require any further time adjustments for the life of the clock .
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down
Anne Fadiman 's essay `` Hmong Odyssey , '' adapted from the book , was published in the March -- April 1998 Via . The Hmong community leaders in Fresno , California praised the essay , saying that it was thoughtful and accurate .
Iron(II,III) oxide
Iron ( II , III ) oxide Names IUPAC name iron ( II ) iron ( III ) oxide Other names ferrous ferric oxide , ferroso ferric oxide , iron ( II , III ) oxide , magnetite , black iron oxide , lodestone , rust , iron ( II ) diiron ( III ) oxide Identifiers CAS Number 1317 - 61 - 9 3D model ( JSmol ) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI : 50821 ChEMBL ChEMBL1201867 ChemSpider 17215625 ECHA InfoCard 100.013. 889 PubChem CID 16211978 UNII XM0M87F357 InChI ( show ) InChI = 1S / 3Fe. 4O Key : SZVJSHCCFOBDDC - UHFFFAOYSA - N InChI = 1 / 3Fe. 4O / rFe3O4 / c1 - 4 - 2 - 6 - 3 ( 5 - 1 ) 7 - 2 Key : SZVJSHCCFOBDDC - QXRQKJBKAR SMILES ( show ) O1 ( Fe ) 2O ( Fe ) O ( Fe ) 1O2 Properties Chemical formula Fe O FeO. Fe O Molar mass 231.533 g / mol Appearance solid black powder Density 5 g / cm Melting point 1,597 ° C ( 2,907 ° F ; 1,870 K ) Boiling point 2,623 ° C ( 4,753 ° F ; 2,896 K ) Refractive index ( n ) 2.42 Except where otherwise noted , data are given for materials in their standard state ( at 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ) , 100 kPa ) . N verify ( what is ? ) Infobox references
Great Scott
It originates as a minced oath , historically associated with two specific `` Scotts '' , notably Scottish author Sir Walter Scott and somewhat later in the United States , US general Winfield Scott .
The Muppet Movie
In 2009 , it was named to the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically '' significant and will be preserved for all time .
The Deer Hunter
In 1996 , The Deer Hunter was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .
Hundred Years' War
After the death of Joan of Arc , the fortunes of war turned dramatically against the English . Most of Henry 's royal advisers were against making peace . Among the factions , the Duke of Bedford wanted to defend Normandy , the Duke of Gloucester was committed to just Calais , whereas Cardinal Beaufort was inclined to peace . Negotiations stalled . It seems that at the congress of Arras , in the summer of 1435 , where the duke of Beaufort was mediator , the English were unrealistic in their demands . A few days after the congress ended in September , Philip III , duke of Burgundy , deserted to Charles VII , signing the Treaty of Arras that returned Paris to the King of France . This was a major blow to English sovereignty in France . The Duke of Bedford died on 14 September 1435 and was later replaced by Richard Plantagenet , 3rd Duke of York .
Howell (name)
Raby Howell ( 1869 -- 1937 ) , British footballer Ralph Howell ( 1923 -- 2008 ) , British Conservative politician Red Howell ( 1909 -- 1950 ) , American baseball player Richard Howell ( 1754 -- 1802 ) , American politician ; governor of New Jersey from 1794 to 1802 Richard Howell ( basketball ) ( born 1990 ) , American basketball player Richard Howell ( comics ) , American comic book creator Richard Howell ( cricketer ) ( born 1982 ) , English cricketer Richard Howell ( swimmer ) ( 1903 -- 1967 ) , American swimmer Rob Howell , British costume and set designer Robert B. Howell ( 1864 -- 1933 ) , American Republican politician Rod Howell ( born 1975 ) , American dancer Roger Howell , Jr. ( 1936 -- 1989 ) , American professor Roland Howell ( 1892 -- 1973 ) , American baseball player Ron Howell ( 1935 -- 1992 ) , Canadian football player Ron Howell ( footballer ) ( born 1949 ) , English footballer Roy Howell ( born 1953 ) , American baseball player Russ Howell , American skateboarder
The Comedy of Errors
Frederic Reynolds staged an operatic version in 1819 , with music by Henry Bishop supplemented with some songs by Mozart and Arne . Various other adaptations were performed down to 1855 , when Samuel Phelps revived the Shakespearean original at Sadler 's Wells Theatre . The Czech composer Iša Krejčí 's 1943 opera Pozdvižení v Efesu ( Turmoil in Ephesus ) is also based on the play .
Vinegar
Rice vinegar is most popular in the cuisines of East and Southeast Asia . It is available in `` white '' ( light yellow ) , red , and black varieties . The Japanese prefer a light rice vinegar for the preparation of sushi rice and salad dressings . Red rice vinegar traditionally is colored with red yeast rice . Black rice vinegar ( made with black glutinous rice ) is most popular in China , and it is also widely used in other East Asian countries .
Johnny Galecki
In 2005 , Galecki played Mark Corrigan in a pilot for a US adaptation of the British sitcom Peep Show . He played a character named Trouty on TBS 's sitcom My Boys , and the half - brother of the main characters , sisters Hope Shanowski and Faith Fairfield , in the sitcom Hope & Faith . In late 2006 and early 2007 , Galecki appeared in the Broadway play The Little Dog Laughed as a prostitute called Alex . `` At its core , the play is about what we all sacrifice to be successful , whatever our careers or goals , '' he explains . Galecki originated the role earlier in 2006 at Second Stage Theatre . The widely popular comedy by Douglas Carter Beane had a successful run at Second Stage and moved to the Cort Theatre . The play closed on February 18 , 2007 , with Galecki taking home a 2007 Theater World Award for his performance . Galecki
Russian culture
Since the late Soviet times Russia has experienced another wave of Western cultural influence , which led to the development of many previously unknown phenomena in the Russian culture . The most vivid example , perhaps , is the Russian rock music , which takes its roots both in the Western rock and roll and heavy metal , and in traditions of the Russian bards of Soviet era , like Vladimir Vysotsky and Bulat Okudzhava . Saint - Petersburg ( former Leningrad ) , Yekaterinburg ( former Sverdlovsk ) and Omsk became the main centers of development of the rock music . Popular Russian rock groups include Mashina Vremeni , Slot , DDT , Aquarium , Alisa , Kino , Nautilus Pompilius , Aria , Grazhdanskaya Oborona , Splean and Korol i Shut . At the same time Russian pop music developed from what was known in the Soviet times as estrada into full - fledged industry , with some performers gaining international recognition , like t.A.T.u. in the West , who have been said to be the most influential artists to ever come out of Russia , or Vitas in China .
Allies of World War II
Communist China had been tacitly supported by the Soviet Union since the 1920s , though the Soviet Union diplomatically recognised the Republic of China , Joseph Stalin supported cooperation between the Nationalists and the Communists -- including pressuring the Nationalist Government to grant the Communists state and military positions in the government . This was continued into the 1930s that fell in line with the Soviet Union 's subversion policy of popular fronts to increase communists ' influence in governments . The Soviet Union urged military and cooperation between Soviet China and Nationalist China during China 's war against Japan . Initially Mao Zedong accepted the demands of the Soviet Union and in 1938 had recognized Chiang Kai - shek as the `` leader '' of the `` Chinese people '' . In turn , the Soviet Union accepted Mao 's tactic of `` continuous guerilla warfare '' in the countryside that involved a goal of extending the Communist bases , even if it would result in increased tensions with the Nationalists .