vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Territorial evolution of the United States
Date Event Change Map December 20 , 1803 The United States purchased Louisiana from France . This is the date of the formal turnover in New Orleans ; the purchase was completed on April 30 , 1803 . The transfer would be recognized in St. Louis in Upper Louisiana on March 10 , 1804 , known as Three Flags Day . The extent of what constituted Louisiana was disputed with Spain : the United States claimed the purchase included the part of West Florida west of the Perdido River , and the southwestern border with New Spain was disputed , as the United States claimed the Sabine River as the border , but Spain maintained it was the Calcasieu River and others . Disputes : 1804 The `` Southwick Jog '' was transferred from Connecticut to Massachusetts , to put to rest long - standing disagreements over the border between the two states . March 27 , 1804 The land between Tennessee and Mississippi Territory previously ceded by Georgia was assigned to Mississippi Territory . October 1 , 1804 Orleans Territory was organized from the Louisiana Purchase south of the 33rd parallel north , with the remainder being designated the District of Louisiana and placed under the jurisdiction of Indiana Territory . June 30 , 1805 Michigan Territory was organized from Indiana Territory , defined as north of a line east from the southern tip of Lake Michigan , and east of a line north from the lake 's northern tip . The southeastern portion of the border technically conflicted with the definition of Ohio , which claimed the Toledo Strip north of that line ; however , the exact position of Lake Michigan was not yet known . July 4 , 1805 The District of Louisiana was organized as Louisiana Territory . March 1 , 1809 Illinois Territory was organized from Indiana Territory , west of the Wabash River and a line north from Post Vincennes . September 26 , 1810 The Republic of West Florida declared independence from Spain . It maintained some control over its territory . Disputes : December 10 , 1810 Armed forces led by William C.C. Claiborne took possession of the portion of West Florida west of the Pearl River , following a proclamation on October 27 , 1810 , by President James Madison to do so . The United States had considered the region part of the Louisiana Purchase , including the area which had revolted against Spanish Florida and formed the Republic of West Florida . Madison 's proclamation stated that it was to be `` taken as part '' of Orleans Territory .
European exploration of Africa
In the mid-19th century , Protestant missions were carrying on active missionary work on the Guinea coast , in South Africa and in the Zanzibar dominions . Missionaries visited little - known regions and peoples , and in many instances became explorers and pioneers of trade and empire . David Livingstone , a Scottish missionary , had been engaged since 1840 in work north of the Orange River . In 1849 , Livingstone crossed the Kalahari Desert from south to north and reached Lake Ngami . Between 1851 and 1856 , he traversed the continent from west to east , discovering the great waterways of the upper Zambezi River . In November 1855 , Livingstone became the first European to see the famous Victoria Falls , named after the Queen of the United Kingdom . From 1858 to 1864 , the lower Zambezi , the Shire River and Lake Nyasa were explored by Livingstone . Nyasa had been first reached by the confidential slave of António da Silva Porto , a Portuguese trader established at Bié in Angola , who crossed Africa during 1853 -- 1856 from Benguella to the mouth of the Rovuma . A prime goal for explorers was to locate the source of the River Nile . Expeditions by Burton and Speke ( 1857 -- 1858 ) and Speke and Grant ( 1863 ) located Lake Tanganyika and Lake Victoria . It was eventually proved to be the latter from which the Nile flowed .
Blue Nile
Although there are several feeder streams that flow into Lake Tana , the sacred source of the river is generally considered to be a small spring at Gish Abay , situated at an altitude of approximately 2,744 metres ( 9,003 ft ) . This stream , known as the Lesser Abay River , flows north into Lake Tana . Other affluents of this lake include , in clockwise order from Gorgora , the Magech River , the Northern Gumara , the Reb River , the southern Gumara River , and the Kilte . Lake Tana 's outflow then flows some 30 kilometres ( 19 mi ) before plunging over the Blue Nile Falls . The river then loops across northwest Ethiopia through a series of deep valleys and canyons into Sudan , by which point it is only known as the Blue Nile .
Fox River (Wisconsin)
Geographers divide the Fox into two distinct sections , the Upper Fox River , flowing from central Wisconsin into Lake Winnebago , and the Lower Fox River , flowing from Lake Winnebago north and east to Lake Michigan . Together , the two sections give the Fox River a length of 182 miles ( 293 km ) . Counting the distance through Lake Winnebago gives a total of 200 miles ( 322 km ) .
Thar Desert
The epic Mahabharata mentions the Kamyaka Forest situated on the western boundary of the Kuru Kingdom ( Kuru Proper and Kurujangala ) , on the banks of the Sarasvati River to the west of the Kurukshetra plain , which contained a lake known as Kamyaka . The Kamyaka forest is mentioned as being situated at the head of the Thar desert , near Lake Trinavindu . The Pandavas , on their way to exile in the woods , left Pramanakoti on the banks of the Ganges and went towards Kurukshetra , travelling in a western direction and crossing the Yamuna and Drishadvati rivers . They finally reached the banks of the Sarasvati River where they saw the forest of Kamyaka , the favourite haunt of ascetics , situated on a level and wild plain on the banks of the Sarasvati abounding in birds and deer . There the Pandavas lived in an ascetic asylum . It took three days for Pandavas to reach the Kamyaka forest , setting out from Hastinapura , on their chariots .
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City lies at the convergence of two cross-country freeways ; I - 15 , which runs north - to - south just west of downtown , and I - 80 , which connects downtown with Salt Lake City International Airport just to the west and exits to the east through Parley 's Canyon . I - 215 forms a 270 - degree loop around the city . SR - 201 extends to the western Salt Lake City suburbs . The Legacy Parkway ( SR - 67 ) , a controversial and oft - delayed freeway , opened September 2008 , heading north from I - 215 into Davis County along the east shore of the Great Salt Lake . Travel to and from Davis County is complicated by geography as roads have to squeeze through the narrow opening between the Great Salt Lake to the west and the Wasatch Mountains to the east . Only four roads run between the two counties to carry the load of rush hour traffic from Davis County .
Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Florida
The National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) issued many tropical cyclone warnings and watches in anticipation of Wilma . First , a hurricane watch was posted for the Florida Keys including Dry Tortugas and Florida Bay at 15 : 00 UTC on October 22 . Six hours later , NHC issued another hurricane watch for the west coast of Florida south of Longboat Key and on the east coast of Florida to the south of Titusville , including Lake Okeechobee . At 21 : 00 UTC on October 23 , a tropical storm watch was put into effect on the west coast from Longboat Key northward to the Steinhatchee River and on the east coast from Titusville northward to Fernandina Beach . Early the following day , the hurricane watch was upgraded to a hurricane warning on the west coast and on the east coast from Jupiter Inlet southward , including Lake Okeechobee .
Nile
In the north of Sudan the river enters Lake Nasser ( known in Sudan as Lake Nubia ) , the larger part of which is in Egypt .
Salt Lake City
The 44.8 - mile ( 72.1 km ) light rail system , called TRAX , has three lines . The Blue Line , which opened in 1999 and was expanded in 2008 , travels from the Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub ( Salt Lake Central Station ) , south to Draper . The Red Line , which originally opened in 2001 and was expanded in 2011 , runs from the University of Utah , south - west through Salt Lake to the community of Daybreak in South Jordan . A third line , known as the Green Line , opened in 2011 and runs from the Salt Lake City International Airport to West Valley City ( via Downtown Salt Lake City ) , with the extension to the airport having opened in April 2013 . The system has 50 stations of which 23 are within the city limits . Daily ridership averaged 60,600 as of the fourth quarter of 2012 , making TRAX the ninth most - ridden light rail system in the country . Commuter
The Bronx
The Bronx street grid is irregular . Like the northernmost part of upper Manhattan , the West Bronx 's hilly terrain leaves a relatively free - style street grid . Much of the West Bronx 's street numbering carries over from upper Manhattan , but does not match it exactly ; East 132nd Street is the lowest numbered street in the Bronx . This dates from the mid-19th century when the southwestern area of Westchester County west of the Bronx River , was incorporated into New York City and known as the Northside .
List of animals of Yellowstone
Moose are commonly observed in the park 's southwestern corner along the Bechler and Fall rivers , in the riparian zones around Yellowstone Lake , in the Soda Butte Creek , Pelican Creek , Lewis River , and Gallatin River drainages , and in the Willow Park area between Mammoth and Norris . Summer moose migrations from south and west of the park into Yellowstone have been confirmed by radio telemetry . Moose usually live to 20 years in the wild .
London Bridge (Lake Havasu City)
The purchaser , Robert P. McCulloch , the chairman of McCulloch Oil Corporation , was the founder of Lake Havasu City , his retirement real estate development on the east shore of Lake Havasu , a large reservoir on the Colorado River . McCulloch purchased the bridge as a tourist attraction for Lake Havasu , which was then far from the usual tourist track . The idea was successful , bringing interested tourists and retirement home buyers to the area .
Jordan River
Over its upper course , the river drops rapidly in a 75 - kilometre ( 47 mi ) run to the once large and swampy Lake Hula , which is slightly above sea level . Exiting the now much diminished lake , it goes through an even steeper drop over the 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) down to the Sea of Galilee , which it enters at its northern end . The Jordan deposits much of the silt it is carrying within the lake , which it leaves again near its southern tip . At that point the river is situated about 210 metres below sea level . The last 120 - kilometre ( 75 mi ) - long section follows what is commonly termed the `` Jordan Valley '' , which has less gradient ( the total drop is another 210 metres ) so that the river meanders before entering the Dead Sea , a terminal lake about 422 metres below sea level with no outlet . Two major tributaries enter from the east during this last section : the Yarmouk River and Zarqa River .
Waikato River
The Poutu Stream joins from Lake Rotoaira to the east , as a tributary of the Tongariro , which flows northward , with State Highway 1 in parallel , through the town of Turangi , and into the southern side of Lake Taupo . Extensive engineering of lakes , tunnels and canals are used to generate hydroelectric power in the Tongariro Power Scheme .
Great Salt Lake
This pumping project was designed to increase the surface area of the Great Salt Lake , and thus increase the rate of water evaporation . The pumps drove some of the water of the Great Salt Lake into the 320,000 - acre ( 1300 - square kilometer ) Newfoundland Evaporation Basin in the desert west of the lake . A weir in the dike at the southern end of the Newfoundland Mountains regulated the level of water in the basin , and it sometimes returned salty water from the evaporation basin into the main body of the Great Salt Lake .
Waikato River
The ancestral Waikato River flowed from an ancient lake ( Lake Huka ) in the centre of the North Island through deep gorges of welded ignimbrite and rhyolite , northward through the Hinuera Valley and Hauraki Basin into the Thames Estuary . It is possible that the river flowed through the Waikato Basin about a million years ago before returning to its Hinuera course . After the huge Oruanui eruption 27,000 years ago ignimbrite was showered all over the North Island to a thickness of 200 metres ( 660 ft ) . A new lake was formed -- Lake Taupo . The water built up until a new outlet was forced 120 metres ( 390 ft ) above the present level near Waihora Bay . Over the next few thousand years the bed of the river was raised by large amounts of eruption debris . Then the original blocked entry suddenly gave way - the lake level fell 75 metres ( 246 ft ) as about 80 cubic kilometres ( 19 cu mi ) of water and debris poured out in a catastrophic breakthrough flood causing the river to change course near Piarere . The water level dropped quickly and the river stayed in this new course through the Maungatautari gorge and Hamilton Basin . Deposits show that the Waikato River was already in the Waikato Basin 21,800 years ago .
Golden Horde
The descendants of Batu ruled the Golden Horde from Sarai Batu and later Sarai Berke , controlling an area ranging from the Volga River and the Carpathian mountains to the mouth of the Danube River . The descendants of Orda ruled the area from the Ural River to Lake Balkhash . Censuses recorded Chinese living quarters in the Tatar parts of Novgorod , Tver and Moscow .
Lake of the Ozarks
Numerous settlements are located near or on the Lake of the Ozarks . The largest is Osage Beach which sits where the lake 's southeastern arm joins the main channel . The second largest is the city of Camdenton , located on U.S. 54 a few miles east of the southwestern arm . Lake Ozark lies immediately north of Osage Beach and just south of Bagnell Dam . Other , smaller communities along or near the lake include ( from east to west ) : Kaiser , Lakeside , Linn Creek , Village of Four Seasons , Rocky Mount , Sunrise Beach , Hurricane Deck , Gravois Mills , Laurie , and Lakeview Heights .
Salt Lake City
The Great Salt Lake is separated from Salt Lake City by extensive marshlands and mudflats . The metabolic activities of bacteria in the lake result in a phenomenon known as `` lake stink '' , a scent reminiscent of foul poultry eggs , two to three times per year for a few hours . The Jordan River flows through the city and is a drainage of Utah Lake that empties into the Great Salt Lake .
Nile
Lake Victoria was first sighted by Europeans in 1858 when the British explorer John Hanning Speke reached its southern shore while traveling with Richard Francis Burton to explore central Africa and locate the great lakes . Believing he had found the source of the Nile on seeing this `` vast expanse of open water '' for the first time , Speke named the lake after the then Queen of the United Kingdom . Burton , recovering from illness and resting further south on the shores of Lake Tanganyika , was outraged that Speke claimed to have proved his discovery to be the true source of the Nile when Burton regarded this as still unsettled . A very public quarrel ensued , which sparked a great deal of intense debate within the scientific community and interest by other explorers keen to either confirm or refute Speke 's discovery . British explorer and missionary David Livingstone pushed too far west and entered the Congo River system instead . It was ultimately Welsh - American explorer Henry Morton Stanley who confirmed Speke 's discovery , circumnavigating Lake Victoria and reporting the great outflow at Ripon Falls on the Lake 's northern shore .
Powers of the President of the United States
The Constitution does not expressly grant the president additional powers in times of national emergency . However , many scholars think that the Framers implied these powers because the structural design of the Executive Branch enables it to act faster than the Legislative Branch . Because the Constitution remains silent on the issue , the courts can not grant the Executive Branch these powers when it tries to wield them . The courts will only recognize a right of the Executive Branch to use emergency powers if Congress has granted such powers to the president .
Pony Express
Shortly after the contract was awarded , the start of the American Civil War caused the stage line to cease operation . From March 1861 , the Pony Express ran mail only between Salt Lake City and Sacramento . The Pony Express announced its closure on October 26 , 1861 , two days after the transcontinental telegraph reached Salt Lake City and connected Omaha , Nebraska , and Sacramento , California . Other telegraph lines connected points along the line and other cities on the east and west coasts .
Great Salt Lake
The lake lies in parts of five counties : Box Elder , Davis , Tooele , Weber , and Salt Lake . Salt Lake City and its suburbs are located to the southeast and east of the lake , between the lake and the Wasatch Mountains , but land around the north and west shores are almost uninhabited . The Bonneville Salt Flats are to the west , and the Oquirrh and Stansbury Mountains rise to the south .
Lake District
The precise extent of the Lake District was not defined traditionally , but is slightly larger than that of the National Park , the total area of which is about 912 square miles ( 2,362 km ) . The park extends just over 32 miles ( 51 km ) from east to west and nearly 40 miles ( 64 km ) from north to south , with areas such as the Lake District Peninsulas to the south lying outside the National Park .
Boise, Idaho
Northwest Boise lies against the Boise Foothills to the north , State Street to the south , the city of Eagle to the west , and downtown Boise to the east . It contains a mix of old and new neighborhoods , including Lakeharbor , which features the private Silver Lake , a reclaimed quarry . Northwest Boise has some pockets of older homes with a similar aesthetic to the North End . Downtown is minutes away , as is Veteran 's Memorial Park and easy access to the Boise Greenbelt . Across the river sits the Boise Bench and to the west are the bedroom communities of Eagle , Star , and Middleton . Warm
Territorial evolution of the United States
In September 1791 , the commissioners in charge of planning the city would term it the `` Territory of Columbia '' , and various laws refer to a District of Columbia , but sometimes informally . The area does not appear to have been formally named `` District of Columbia '' until at least the organic act of 1871 . Since the name `` Columbia '' was used from very early on , and at least informally by the government , the map will use `` District of Columbia '' starting from this date . March 3 , 1792 Pennsylvania purchased the Erie Triangle from the federal government . June 1 , 1792 The western half of Virginia , which the state had agreed in 1789 to cede to the federal government , was admitted as the fifteenth state , Kentucky . June 12 , 1792 The Delaware State enacted a new constitution , renaming itself the State of Delaware . no change to map February 29 , 1796 Great Britain agreed to abandon several forts in the northwest that it still occupied , including Detroit . The treaty also provided for commissions to determine the border between the northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods and the source of the Mississippi River , and which river to consider the St. Croix River . no change to map April 25 , 1796 The northern half of West Florida was ceded by Spain , resolving the dispute over the region . Disputes : June 1 , 1796 The Southwest Territory was admitted as the sixteenth state , Tennessee . April 7 , 1798 Due to the Yazoo Land Fraud , an act authorized President John Adams to appoint commissioners to negotiate with Georgia about ceding its western land . The act created Mississippi Territory from the southwestern quarter of Georgia in the region recently ceded by West Florida , while maintaining that Georgia still held rights over the territory . June 9 , 1800 Connecticut ceded its Western Reserve to the federal government , which assigned it to the Northwest Territory . The act doing so was passed in Congress on April 28 , 1800 , and Connecticut approved it on this date . July 4 , 1800 Indiana Territory was organized from the Northwest Territory , west of a line from the mouth of the Kentucky River to Fort Recovery , and a line north from there . November 17 , 1800 The Congress of the United States moved to Washington in the District of Columbia , now built and ready to be the capital .
Trans-Canada Highway
Prior to the start of the Great Recession in 2008 , the highway underwent some upgrades through the Rocky Mountains from Banff National Park to Golden , British Columbia . A major piece of this project was completed in 2007 with the new Park Bridge and Ten Mile Hill sections . There are long - term plans to twin the highway from Lake Louise to Kamloops , although a start date has not been set because of a lack of funding . Twinning of the highway in Alberta from Highway 93 to Lake Louise was completed by winter 2010 . Parks Canada completed twinning the final 8.5 km ( 5.3 mi ) of Highway 1 between Lake Louise and the British Columbia border , with the new alignment opened to traffic on June 12 , 2014 .
London Bridge (Lake Havasu City)
London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City , Arizona . It was built in the 1830s and formerly spanned the River Thames in London , England . It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona . The Arizona bridge is a reinforced concrete structure clad in the original masonry of the 1830s bridge , which was purchased by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London . McCulloch had exterior granite blocks from the original bridge numbered and transported to America to construct the present bridge in Lake Havasu City , a planned community he established in 1964 on the shore of Lake Havasu . The bridge was completed in 1971 ( along with a canal ) , and links an island in the Colorado River with the main part of Lake Havasu City . The song `` London Bridge is Falling Down '' is a nursery rhyme that predates the bridge 's original 19th - century construction .
Pennsylvania Turnpike
Considerable work was also involved in building the roadway up the three - percent grade at the east end of Allegheny Mountain , the steepest grade the turnpike traversed . The base of Evitts Mountain was blasted to carry the turnpike across Bedford Narrows along with US 30 , the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River and a Pennsylvania Railroad branch line . In New Baltimore , the turnpike commission had to purchase land from St. John 's Church ( which contained a cemetery ) ; as part of the agreement , stairways were built on either side of the turnpike to provide access to the church .