vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Democratic-Republican Party
As one historian explained : `` It was the good fortune of the Republicans to have within their ranks a number of highly gifted political manipulators and propagandists . Some of them had the ability ... to not only see and analyze the problem at hand but to present it in a succinct fashion ; in short , to fabricate the apt phrase , to coin the compelling slogan and appeal to the electorate on any given issue in language it could understand '' . Outstanding propagandists included editor William Duane ( 1760 -- 1835 ) and party leaders Albert Gallatin , Thomas Cooper and Jefferson himself . Just as important was effective party organization of the sort that John J. Beckley pioneered . In 1796 , he managed the Jefferson campaign in Pennsylvania , blanketing the state with agents who passed out 30,000 hand - written tickets , naming all 15 electors ( printed tickets were not allowed ) . Beckley told one agent : `` In a few days a select republican friend from the City will call upon you with a parcel of tickets to be distributed in your County . Any assistance and advice you can furnish him with , as to suitable districts & characters , will I am sure be rendered '' . Beckley was the first American professional campaign manager and his techniques were quickly adopted in other states .
Curling
It is not uncommon at any level for a losing team to terminate the match before all ends are completed if it believes it no longer has a realistic chance of winning . Competitive games end once the losing team has `` run out of rocks '' -- that is , once it has fewer stones in play and available for play than the number of points needed to tie the game .
Electoral College (United States)
Article II , Section 1 , Clause 2 of the Constitution requires each state legislature to determine how electors for the state are to be chosen , but it disqualifies any person holding a federal office , either elected or appointed , from being an elector . Under Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment , any person who has sworn an oath to support the United States Constitution in order to hold either a state or federal office , and later rebelled against the United States directly or by giving assistance to those doing so , is disqualified from being an elector . However , the Congress may remove this disqualification by a two - thirds vote in each House .
Grand juries in the United States
Both the prosecutor and the grand jury itself have the right to call witnesses to testify before the grand jury . With few exceptions , every witness who testifies before a grand jury receives transactional immunity automatically , whether they invoke their right to silence or not . If a grand jury is considering criminal charges against a person , that person has a right to testify before that grand jury , provided they make a timely written demand and then agree to waive their right to immunity . Despite this fact , an unwitting target of a grand jury proceeding has no right to be informed that their case is even being considered by a grand jury in the first place , unless they have already been arraigned on a felony complaint charging a related crime and are awaiting a preliminary hearing on that complaint . A defendant held in the state may testify to the grand jury .
Horseshoe
When kept as a talisman , a horseshoe is said to bring good luck . Some believe that to hang it with the ends pointing upwards is good luck as it acts as a storage container of sorts for any good luck that happens to be floating by , whereas to hang it with the ends pointing down , is bad luck as all the good luck will fall out . Others believe that the horseshoe should be hung the other way ( with the ends pointing down ) , as it will then release its luck to the people around it . A stylized variation of the horseshoe is used for a popular throwing game , horseshoes .
Twelve Tables
`` If any person has sung or composed against another person a SONG ( carmen ' ) such as was causing slander or insult ... he shall be clubbed to death . '' `` If a person has maimed another 's limb , let there be retaliation in kind , unless he agrees to make compensation with him . '' ( Lex talionis ) `` If a patron shall defraud his client , he must be solemnly forfeited ( ' killed ' ) . `` Whoever is convicted of speaking false witness shall be flung from the Tarpeian Rock . '' Anyone who annoys another by means of magic incantations or diabolical arts , and renders him inactive , or ill ; or who prepares or administers poison to him , is guilty of a capital crime , and shall be punished with death . Table VIII . A space of two feet and a half must be left between neighboring buildings . Where a road runs in a straight line , it shall be eight feet , and where it curves , it shall be sixteen feet in width . When the fruit of a tree falls upon the premises of a neighbor , the owner of the tree shall have a right to gather and remove it When a man 's land lies adjacent to the highway , he can enclose it in any way that he chooses ; but if he neglects to do so , any other person can drive an animal over the land wherever he pleases . Table IX . `` No person shall hold meetings in the City at night . '' `` The penalty shall be capital punishment for a judge or arbiter legally appointed who has been found guilty of receiving a bribe for giving a decision . '' `` The penalty shall be capital for a judge or arbiter legally appointed who has been found guilty of receiving a bribe for giving a decision . Treason : he who shall have roused up a public enemy or handed over a citizen to a public enemy must suffer capital punishment . '' `` Putting to death ... of any man who has not been convicted , whosoever he might be , is forbidden . '' Table X . Women shall not during a funeral lacerate their faces , or tear their cheeks with their nails ; nor shall they utter loud cries bewailing the dead .
Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States
Because the Constitution does not set any qualifications for service as a Justice , the President may nominate any individual to serve on the Court . However , that person must receive the confirmation of the Senate .
United States Bill of Rights
Sixth Article : The right of the People to be secure in their persons , houses , papers and effects , against unreasonable searches and seizures , shall not be violated , and no warrants shall issue , but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation , and particularly describing the place to be searched , and the persons or things to be seized . Sixth Article : The right of the People to be secure in their persons , houses , papers and effects , against unreasonable searches and seizures , shall not be violated , and no warrants shall issue , but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation , and particularly describing the place to be searched , and the persons or things to be seized . Ratified : December 15 , 1791 Fourth Amendment Eighth Article : No person shall be subject , except in case of impeachment , to more than one trial , or one punishment for the same offense , nor shall be compelled in any criminal case , to be a witness against himself , nor be deprived of life , liberty or property , without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation . Seventh Article : No person shall be held to answer for a capital , or otherwise infamous crime , unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury , except in cases arising in the land or naval forces , or in the militia , when in actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case , to be a witnesses against himself , nor be deprived of life , liberty or property , without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation . Seventh Article : No person shall be held to answer for a capital , or otherwise infamous crime , unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury , except in cases arising in the land or naval forces , or in the Militia , when in actual service in time of War or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself , nor be deprived of life , liberty , or property , without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use , without just compensation .
Scientific method
Scientists typically are careful in recording their data , a requirement promoted by Ludwik Fleck ( 1896 -- 1961 ) and others . Though not typically required , they might be requested to supply this data to other scientists who wish to replicate their original results ( or parts of their original results ) , extending to the sharing of any experimental samples that may be difficult to obtain .
Fundamental rights in India
The provisions relating to the right to property were changed a number of times . The Forty - Fourth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights A new provision , Article 300 - A , was added to the constitution , which provided that `` no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law '' . Thus if a legislature makes a law depriving a person of his property , there would be no obligation on the part of the State to pay anything as compensation . The aggrieved person shall have no right to move the court under Article 32 . Thus , the right to property is no longer a fundamental right , though it is still a constitutional right . If the government appears to have acted unfairly , the action can be challenged in a court of law by aggrieved citizens .
Peyton Sawyer
Peyton has been described as `` a very talented artist '' who expresses her emotions through her work and guards her heart after losing so many important people in her life . The character was initially ill - received , as the audience felt that she was too mean , especially to love interest Lucas . `` Perpetually cranky Peyton tears around town in a vintage car , listening to loud rock , and wearing a Ramones T - shirt , none of which fits with a typical cheerleader image . At one point , Lucas asks her why she 's a cheerleader , noting that she 's ' the least cheery person I know , ' '' stated Tracy McLoone of PopMatters . `` She responds , ' You do n't know me . ' ( And in fact ) , she 's right . The girl is a walking contradiction . Peyton embodies aspects of the good girl ( cheerleader ) and bad girl ( rocker ) ... ''
Catholic Church and capital punishment
For those who have been appropriately appointed , there is no sin in administering punishment . For those who refuse to obey God 's laws , it is correct for society to rebuke them with civil and criminal sanctions . No one sins working for justice , within the law . Actions that are necessary to preserve the good of society are not inherently evil . The common good of the whole society is greater and better than the good of any particular person . `` The life of certain pestiferous men is an impediment to the common good which is the concord of human society . Therefore , certain men must be removed by death from the society of men . '' This is likened to the physician who must amputate a diseased limb , or a cancer , for the good of the whole person . He based this on I Corinthians 5 , 6 : `` You know that a little leaven corrupts the whole lump of dough ? '' and I Corinthians 5 , 13 : `` Put away the evil one from among yourselves '' ; Romans 13 , 4 : `` ( it is said of earthly power that ) he bears not the sword in vain : for he is God 's minister , an avenger to execute wrath upon him that does evil '' ; I Peter 2 , 13 - 14 : `` Be subjected therefore to every human creature for God 's sake : whether to be on the king as excelling , or to governors as sent by him for the punishment of evildoers and for the praise of good . '' He believed these passages superseded the text of Exodus 20 , 13 : `` Thou shall not kill . '' This is mentioned again in Matthew 5 , 21 . Also , it is argued that Matthew 13 , 30 : `` Suffer both the weeds and the wheat to grow until the harvest . '' The harvest was interpreted as meaning the end of the world . This is explained by Matthew 13 , 38 - 40 .
Alex (A Clockwork Orange)
Alex is the narrator , protagonist and antihero in the novel A Clockwork Orange . The character is portrayed as a sociopath who robs , rapes , and assaults innocent people for his own amusement . Intellectually , he knows that such behaviour is morally wrong , saying that `` you ca n't have a society with everybody behaving in my manner of the night '' . He nevertheless professes to be puzzled by the motivations of those who wish to reform him and others like him , saying that he would never interfere with their desire to be good ; he simply `` goes to the other shop '' .
United States Bill of Rights
In United States v. Cruikshank ( 1875 ) , the Court ruled that `` ( t ) he right to bear arms is not granted by the Constitution ; neither is it in any manner dependent upon that instrument for its existence . The Second Amendment means no more than that it shall not be infringed by Congress , and has no other effect than to restrict the powers of the National Government . '' In United States v. Miller ( 1939 ) , the Court ruled that the amendment `` ( protects arms that had a ) reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia '' . In District of Columbia v. Heller ( 2008 ) , the Court ruled that the Second Amendment `` codified a pre-existing right '' and that it `` protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia , and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes , such as self - defense within the home '' but also stated that `` the right is not unlimited . It is not a right to keep and carry any weapon whatsoever in any manner whatsoever and for whatever purpose '' . In McDonald v. Chicago ( 2010 ) , the Court ruled that the Second Amendment limits state and local governments to the same extent that it limits the federal government .
Turn on red
In France a right turn on red without stopping is allowed when a separate arrow - shaped amber light flashes , but drivers do not have priority . They must check if any pedestrians are crossing before turning and must give way to vehicles coming from other directions. . In France it is allowed to turn right on red for cyclists if a sign tell so .
Jury trial
The right to trial by jury in a civil case in federal court is addressed by the Seventh Amendment . Importantly , however , the Seventh Amendment does not guarantee a right to a civil jury trial in state courts ( although most state constitutions guarantee such a right ) . The Seventh Amendment provides : `` In Suits at common law , where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars , the right of trial by jury shall be preserved , and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States , than according to the rules of the common law . '' In Joseph Story 's 1833 treatise Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States , he wrote , `` ( I ) t is a most important and valuable amendment ; and places upon the high ground of constitutional right the inestimable privilege of a trial by jury in civil cases , a privilege scarcely inferior to that in criminal cases , which is conceded by all to be essential to political and civil liberty . ''
Prince Hamlet
Others see Hamlet as a person charged with a duty that he both knows and feels is right , yet is unwilling to carry out . In this view , his efforts to satisfy himself on Claudius ' guilt and his failure to act when he can are evidence of this unwillingness , and Hamlet berates himself for his inability to carry out his task . After observing a play - actor performing a scene , he notes that the actor was moved to tears in the passion of the story and compares this passion for an ancient Greek character , Hecuba , in light of his own situation : Hamlet
Justice of the peace
A justice of the peace ( JP ) , according to the Ministry of Justice , is a person of unquestionable integrity who seeks to promote and protect the rights of the individual and helps to provide justice to persons in a particular community . Additionally , the JP serves as a justice in petty court sessions , attends juvenile court sessions , issues summonses , considers applications for bail , explains and signs legal documents , sits on licensing panels , and gives counsel / advice . Any Jamaican citizen that can speak and write English is eligible to become a JP . Any club / organisation / citizen can recommend someone to become JP for a community . JPs are chosen under the Governor - General 's discretion .
Surrender of Japan
With regard to unconditional surrender we are unable to consent to it under any circumstances whatever ... It is in order to avoid such a state of affairs that we are seeking a peace , ... through the good offices of Russia ... it would also be disadvantageous and impossible , from the standpoint of foreign and domestic considerations , to make an immediate declaration of specific terms .
Supreme Court of India
Once , in 2009 , the recommendation for the appointment of a judge of a high court made by the collegium of that court , had come to be challenged in the supreme court . The court held that who could become a judge was a matter of fact , and any person had a right to question it . But who should become a judge was a matter of opinion and could not be questioned . As long as an effective consultation took place within a collegium in arriving at that opinion , the content or material placed before it to form the opinion could not be called for scrutiny in court .
Habeas corpus
Literally , the phrase means `` ( we command ) that you have the ( detainee 's ) body ( brought to court ) . '' The complete phrase habeas corpus ad subjiciendum means `` that you have the person for the purpose of subjecting him / her to ( examination ) '' . These are the opening words of writs in 14th century Anglo - French documents requiring a person to be brought before a court or judge , especially to determine if that person is being legally detained .
Solicitor General of India
hold briefs in any court for any party except the Government of India or the government of a State or any University , Government School or College , local authority , Public Service Commission , Port Trust , Port Commissioners , Government aided or Government managed hospitals , a Government company , any Corporation owned or controlled by the State , any body or institution in which the Government has a preponderating interest ; advice any party against the Government of India or a Public Sector Undertaking , or in cases in which he is likely to be called upon to advise , or appear for , the Government of India or a Public Sector Undertaking ; defend an accused person in a criminal prosecution , without the permission of the Government of India ; or accept appointment to any office in any company or corporation without the permission of the Government of India ; advise any Ministry or Department of Government of India or any statutory organisation or any Public Sector Undertaking unless the proposal or a reference in this regard is received through the Ministry of Law and Justice , Department of Legal Affairs .
Battle of Fort Sumter
... you are to hold possession of the forts in this harbor , and if attacked you are to defend yourself to the last extremity . The smallness of your force will not permit you , perhaps , to occupy more than one of the three forts , but an attack on or attempt to take possession of any one of them will be regarded as an act of hostility , and you may then put your command into either of them which you may deem most proper to increase its power of resistance . You are also authorized to take similar steps whenever you have tangible evidence of a design to proceed to a hostile act .
Capital punishment in Australia
In 1973 the Death Penalty Abolition Act 1973 of the Commonwealth abolished the death penalty for federal offences . It provided in Section 3 that the Act applied to any offence against a law of the Commonwealth , the Territories or under an Imperial Act , and in s . 4 that `` ( a ) person is not liable to the punishment of death for any offence '' .
Internet privacy
Privacy can entail either Personally Identifying Information ( PII ) or non-PII information such as a site visitor 's behavior on a website . PII refers to any information that can be used to identify an individual . For example , age and physical address alone could identify who an individual is without explicitly disclosing their name , as these two factors are unique enough to typically identify a specific person .
XAMPP
Officially , XAMPP 's designers intended it for use only as a development tool , to allow website designers and programmers to test their work on their own computers without any access to the Internet . To make this as easy as possible , many important security features are disabled by default . XAMPP has the ability to serve web pages on the World Wide Web . A special tool is provided to password - protect the most important parts of the package .
Renaissance
The humanists believed that it is important to transcend to the afterlife with a perfect mind and body , which could be attained with education . The purpose of humanism was to create a universal man whose person combined intellectual and physical excellence and who was capable of functioning honorably in virtually any situation . This ideology was referred to as the uomo universale , an ancient Greco - Roman ideal . Education during the Renaissance was mainly composed of ancient literature and history as it was thought that the classics provided moral instruction and an intensive understanding of human behavior .
Over-the-counter drug
Examples of these include some sleep aid tablets such as Nytol , human deworming tablets such as Mebendazole , painkillers with small amounts of codeine ( up to 12.8 mg per tablet ) , and pseudoephedrine . Medication available only with a prescription is marked somewhere on the box / container with ( POM ) . Pharmacy - only products are marked with ( P ) . A prescription is not required for ( P ) medicines , and pharmacy sales assistants are required by Royal Pharmaceutical Society codes to ask certain questions , which varies for what the customer says . If they ask for a specific product , the pharmacy assistant must ask `` Who is it for , '' `` How long have you had the symptoms , '' `` Are you allergic to any medication , '' `` Are you taking any medication '' ( ' WHAM ' questions ) . If a customer asks for a remedy , e.g. , hay fever , then the two WHAM questions must be followed `` Who is it for , '' `` What are the symptoms , '' `` How long have you had the symptoms , '' `` Have you taken any action towards your symptoms , '' and `` Are you taking any other medication . '' It is with this information that the pharmacist can halt the sale , if need be . No ( POM ) , ( P ) or ( GSL ) products that are stocked in a pharmacy can be sold , dispensed , or pre-made until a responsible pharmacist is signed in and on the premises . Some medication available in supermarkets and petrol stations is sold only in smaller packet sizes . Often , larger packs will be marked as ( P ) and available only from a pharmacy . Frequently , customers buying larger - than - usual doses of ( P ) medicines ( such as DXM , promethazine , codeine or Gee 's linctus ) will be queried , due to the possibility of abuse .
Tax protester statutory arguments
Conceals from any officer or employee of the United States any property belonging to the estate of a taxpayer or other person liable in respect of the tax , or