vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Michigan
As of 2002 , Michigan ranked fourth in the U.S. in high tech employment with 568,000 high tech workers , which includes 70,000 in the automotive industry . Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall Research & development ( R&D ) expenditures in the United States . Its research and development , which includes automotive , comprises a higher percentage of the state 's overall gross domestic product than for any other U.S. state . The state is an important source of engineering job opportunities . The domestic auto industry accounts directly and indirectly for one of every ten jobs in the U.S.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is used by the food industry , the oil industry , and the chemical industry . The compound has varied commercial uses but one of its greatest use as a chemical is in the production of carbonated beverages ; it provides the sparkle in carbonated beverages such as soda water , beer and sparkling wine .
Human rights and development
In Yemen the World Food Programme ( WFP ) Food For Girls Education Programme has been tackling hunger and enrolment challenges , where more than 60 % of primary school children not in schools are girls . Families who send their girls to school are eligible to receive an annual ration of wheat and vegetable oil . Since 2010 the programme has reached almost 200,000 girls . Whilst in India the UNDP is supporting the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Program , promoting laws passed in 2005 which guarantee the right to a minimum of 100 days of paid work a year for landless labourers and marginal farmers . The scheme now provides 50 days work a year to around 50 million households where almost half of the beneficiaries are women .
Oklahoma
Though oil has historically dominated the state 's economy , a collapse in the energy industry during the 1980s led to the loss of nearly 90,000 energy - related jobs between 1980 and 2000 , severely damaging the local economy . Oil accounted for 35 billion dollars in Oklahoma 's economy in 2007 , and employment in the state 's oil industry was outpaced by five other industries in 2007 . As of July 2017 , the state 's unemployment rate is 4.4 % .
Preamble to the Constitution of India
Political Justice means equal , free and fair opportunities to the people for participation in the political process . It stands for the grant of equal political rights to all the people without any discrimination . The Constitution of India provides for a liberal democracy in which all the people have the right and freedom to participate .
Thar Desert
Desert safaris on camels have become increasingly popular around Jaisalmer . Domestic and international tourists frequent the desert seeking adventure on camels for anything from a day to several days . This ecotourism industry ranges from cheaper backpacker treks to plush Arabian night style campsites replete with banquets and cultural performances . During the treks tourists are able to view the fragile and beautiful ecosystem of the Thar desert . This form of tourism provides income to many operators and camel owners in Jaisalmer as well as employment for many camel trekkers in the desert villages nearby . People from various parts of the world come to see the Pushkar ka Mela ( Pushkar Fair ) and oases .
New Deal
At the center of the NIRA was the National Recovery Administration ( NRA ) , headed by former General Hugh S. Johnson , who had been a senior economic official in World War I. Johnson called on every business establishment in the nation to accept a stopgap `` blanket code '' : a minimum wage of between 20 and 45 cents per hour , a maximum workweek of 35 -- 45 hours and the abolition of child labor . Johnson and Roosevelt contended that the `` blanket code '' would raise consumer purchasing power and increase employment . To mobilize political support for the NRA , Johnson launched the `` NRA Blue Eagle '' publicity campaign to boost what he called `` industrial self - government '' . The NRA brought together leaders in each industry to design specific sets of codes for that industry -- the most important provisions were anti-deflationary floors below which no company would lower prices or wages and agreements on maintaining employment and production . In a remarkably short time , the NRA announced agreements from almost every major industry in the nation . By March 1934 , industrial production was 45 % higher than in March 1933 .
Bachelor's degree
There are various undergraduate degrees in information technology incorporating programming , database design , software engineering , networks and information systems . These programs prepare graduates for further postgraduate research degrees or for employment in a variety of roles in the information technology industry . The program focus may be on the technical or theoretical aspects of the subject matter , depending on which course is taken .
Geography of West Bengal
The capital and largest city of the state is Kolkata -- the third - largest urban agglomeration and the seventh - largest city in India. Asansol is the second largest city & urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata . Siliguri is an economically important city , strategically located in the northeastern Siliguri Corridor ( Chicken 's Neck ) of India . Other major cities and towns in West Bengal are Howrah , Durgapur , Raniganj , Haldia , Jalpaiguri , Kharagpur , Burdwan , Darjeeling , Midnapore , and Malda .
Vermont
As of 2015 , GlobalFoundries was the largest private employer in the state and provides jobs to 3,000 employees at its plant in the village of Essex Junction within Chittenden County .
Chennai
Chennai hosts the headquarters of the Southern Railway . The city has four main railway terminals . Chennai Central , Chennai Egmore , Chennai Beach and Tambaram . Chennai Central station , the city 's largest , provides access to other major cities as well as many other smaller towns across India , whereas Chennai Egmore provides access to destinations primarily within Tamil Nadu ; however , it also handles a few inter -- state trains . The Chennai suburban railway network , one of the oldest in the country , facilitates transportation within the city . It consists of four broad gauge sectors terminating at two locations in the city , namely Chennai Central and Chennai Beach . While three sectors are operated on - grade , the fourth sector is majorly an elevated corridor , which links Chennai Beach to Velachery and is interlinked with the remaining rail network .
Santa Barbara, California
Aerospace and defense companies form the basis of the city 's private employment as Alliant Techsystems , Channel Technologies Group , LogMeIn , FLIR Systems , and Raytheon have major operations in the area . Santa Barbara 's tourist attractions have made the hospitality industry into a major player in the regional economy . Motel 6 was started in Santa Barbara in 1962 .
New Jersey
A study by the Pew Research Center found that in 2013 , New Jersey was the only U.S. state in which immigrants born in India constituted the largest foreign - born nationality , representing roughly 10 % of all foreign - born residents in the state .
ICICI Lombard
Established in 2001 , ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company is a joint venture between ICICI Bank - India 's second largest bank and Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited - a financial services company based in Toronto . ICICI bank had 64 % stake in the venture while Fairfax had 35 % in the joint venture . ICICI Lombard General Insurance is the largest private sector general insurance company in India .
History of Pennsylvania
The era after the Civil War , known as the Gilded Age , saw the continued rise of industry in Pennsylvania . Pennsylvania was home to some of the largest steel companies in the world , as Andrew Carnegie founded the Carnegie Steel Company and Charles M. Schwab founded the Bethlehem Steel Company . Other titans of industry , such as John D. Rockefeller and Jay Gould , also operated in the state . In the latter half of the 19th century , the U.S. oil industry was born in western Pennsylvania , which supplied the vast majority of kerosene for years thereafter . As the Pennsylvanian oil rush developed , the oil boom towns , such as Titusville , rose and fell . Coal mining was also a major industry in the state . In 1903 , Milton S. Hershey began construction on a chocolate factory in Hershey , Pennsylvania ; The Hershey Company would become the largest chocolate manufacturer in North America . The Heinz Company was also founded during this period . These huge companies exercised a large influence on the politics of Pennsylvania ; as Henry Demarest Lloyd put it , oil baron John D. Rockefeller `` had done everything with the Pennsylvania legislature except refine it . '' Pennsylvania created a Department of Highways and engaged in a vast program of road - building , while railroads continued to see heavy usage . Hazleton
Decline of Detroit
`` Detroit rose and fell with the automobile industry . '' Before the advent of the automobile , Detroit was a small , compact , regional manufacturing center . In 1900 Detroit had a population of 285,000 , the thirteenth largest city in the U.S. Over the following decades , the growth of the automobile industry , including affiliated activities such as parts manufacturing , came to dwarf all other manufacturing in the city . The industry drew in a million new residents to the city . At Ford Motor 's iconic and enormous River Rouge plant alone , opened in 1927 in Dearborn , there were over 90,000 workers .
Automotive industry in India
In 1897 , the first car ran on an Indian road . Through the 1930s , cars were imports only , and in small numbers .
History of the United Kingdom
The Great Depression originated in the United States in late 1929 and quickly spread to the world . Britain had never experienced the boom that had characterized the US , Germany , Canada and Australia in the 1920s , so its bust appeared less severe . Britain 's world trade fell in half ( 1929 -- 33 ) , the output of heavy industry fell by a third , employment profits plunged in nearly all sectors . At the depth in summer 1932 , registered unemployed numbered 3.5 million , and many more had only part - time employment . Experts tried to remain optimistic . John Maynard Keynes , who had not predicted the slump , said , `` ' There will be no serious direct consequences in London . We find the look ahead decidedly encouraging . ''
Fundamental rights in India
Right to freedom of religion , covered in Articles 25 , 26 , 27 and 28 , provides religious freedom to all citizens of India . The objective of this right is to sustain the principle of secularism in India . According to the Constitution , all religions are equal before the State and no religion shall be given preference over the other . Citizens are free to preach , practice and propagate any religion of their choice .
Oklahoma
According to Forbes magazine , Oklahoma City - based Devon Energy Corporation , Chesapeake Energy Corporation , and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil - related companies in the nation , and all of Oklahoma 's Fortune 500 companies are energy - related . Tulsa 's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state 's largest and second - largest companies respectively , also ranking as the nation 's second - and third - largest companies in the field of energy , according to Fortune magazine . The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second - largest company in the mining and crude oil - producing industry in the nation , while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th - largest gas and electric utility company .
History of New York (state)
As the largest state , New York again supplied the most resources during World War II . New York manufactured 11 percent of total United States military armaments produced during the war and suffered 31,215 casualties . The war affected the state both socially and economically . For example , to overcome discriminatory labor practices , Governor Herbert H. Lehman created the Committee on Discrimination in Employment in 1941 and Governor Thomas E. Dewey signed the Ives -- Quinn bill in 1945 , banning employment discrimination . The G.I. Bill of 1944 , which offered returning soldiers the opportunity of affordable higher education , forced New York to create a public university system since its private universities could not handle the influx ; the State University of New York was created by Governor Dewey in 1948 .
Chennai
The Reserve Bank of India ranked Chennai as third largest deposit centre and third largest credit centre nationwide as of June 2012 . Prior to the advent of modern commercial banks , the banking services in the city were offered to the public by Nattukottai Chettiars or Nagarathars , chiefly in and around the neighbourhood of George Town , who offered loans as well as accepted money deposits from the public , in addition to offering loans to the agricultural labourers . Even today , many of the banking offices are housed in heritage structures belonging to the colonial era that are chiefly clustered around Rajaji road in George Town . Chennai is home to the first European - style banking system in India with the establishment of the ' Madras Bank ' on 21 June 1683 , almost a century before the establishment of the first commercial banks , such as the Bank of Hindustan and the General Bank of India , which were established in 1770 and 1786 , respectively . Upon the recommendation of the British Finance Committee on the formation of a government bank , the Madras Bank , then known as the ' Government Bank ' , started functioning again from 1806 . In 1843 , the bank merged with the Carnatic Bank ( 1788 ) , the British Bank of Madras ( 1795 ) and the Asiatic Bank ( 1804 ) and became the Bank of Madras , which was one of the three Presidency banks of India , the other two being the Bank of Bengal and the Bank of Bombay . In 1921 , the three Presidency banks merged to form the Imperial Bank of India , which later became the State Bank of India in 1955 .
Reservation in India
The system of reservation in India comprises a series of action measures , such as reserving access to seats in the various legislatures , to government jobs , and to enrollment in higher educational institutions . The societal inequality in India is represented by the grossly inadequate representation of Scheduled Castes , Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Castes in employment and education due to historic , societal and cultural reasons . The reservation nourishes the historically disadvantaged castes and tribes , listed as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes by the Government of India . The reservation is undertaken to address the historic oppression , inequality and discrimination faced by those communities and to give these communities a place . It is intended to realize the promise of equality enshrined in the Constitution . However , there has been a serious debate about reservation .
Lake District
It is the most visited national park in the United Kingdom with 15.8 million annual visitors and more than 23 million annual day visits , the largest of the thirteen national parks in England and Wales , and the second largest in the UK after the Cairngorms . Its aim is to protect the landscape by restricting unwelcome change by industry or commerce . Most of the land in the park is in private ownership , with about 55 % registered as agricultural land . Landowners include :
Economy of Mexico
The electronics industry of Mexico has grown enormously within the last decade . Mexico has the sixth largest electronics industry in the world after China , United States , Japan , South Korea , and Taiwan . Mexico is the second largest exporter of electronics to the United States where it exported $71.4 billion worth of electronics in 2011 . The Mexican electronics industry is dominated by the manufacture and OEM design of televisions , displays , computers , mobile phones , circuit boards , semiconductors , electronic appliances , communications equipment and LCD modules . The Mexican electronics industry grew 20 % between 2010 and 2011 , up from its constant growth rate of 17 % between 2003 and 2009 . Currently electronics represent 30 % of Mexico 's exports . Televisions
Reservation in India
In India scholarships or student aid is available for -- SCs , STs , BCs , OBCs , women , Muslims , and other minorities . Only about 0.6 % of scholarships or student aid in India is based on merit , given the grossly inadequate representation of above mentioned categories in employment and education due to historic , societal and cultural reasons .
Italian Australians
Although Italian settlers and Australians had fairly harmonious relations through most of the nineteenth century , `` matters began to change once Italian workers and contadini ( peasants ) began arriving in greater numbers '' , as Rando observed . 1891 was the year in Queensland in which over 300 peasants from northern Italy were scheduled to arrive , as the first contingent to replace over 60,000 Kanakas brought to north Queensland since the mid-nineteenth century as exploitable labour for the sugarcane plantations . Until the early 1890s , Italians had been practically an unknown -- although very modest -- quantity in Queensland . As a result of the new White Australia policy , the Kanakas were now being deported . While employment was guaranteed , wages were low and fixed . The deciding factor in the whole matter was the plight of the sugar industry : docile gang labour was essential , and the ' frugal ' Italian peasants were perfectly suited for such employment .
United States home front during World War II
The Fair Employment Practices Commission ( FEPC ) was a federal executive order requiring companies with government contracts not to discriminate on the basis of race or religion . It assisted African Americans in obtaining jobs in industry . Under pressure from A. Philip Randolph 's growing March on Washington Movement , on June 25 , 1941 , President Roosevelt created the Fair Employment Practices Committee ( FEPC ) by signing Executive Order 8802 . It said `` there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race , creed , color , or national origin '' . In 1943 Roosevelt greatly strengthened FEPC with a new executive order , # 9346 . It required that all government contracts have a non-discrimination clause . FEPC was the most significant breakthrough ever for Blacks and women on the job front . During the war the federal government operated airfields , shipyards , supply centers , ammunition plants , and other facilities that employed millions . FEPC rules applied and guaranteed equality of employment rights . These facilities shut down when the war ended . In the private sector the FEPC was generally successful in enforcing non-discrimination in the North , it did not attempt to challenge segregation in the South , and in the border region its intervention led to hate strikes by angry white workers .
Great Depression in Canada
Canada 's economy at the time was just starting to shift from primary industry ( farming , fishing , mining and logging ) to manufacturing . Exports of raw materials plunged , and employment , prices and profits fell in every sector . Canada was the worst - hit because of its economic position . It was further affected as its main trading partners were Britain and the U.S. , both of which were badly affected by the worldwide depression .
Malaysia
The country has developed into a centre of Islamic banking , and is the country with the highest numbers of female workers in that industry . Knowledge - based services are also expanding . To create a self - reliant defensive ability and support national development , Malaysia privatised some of its military facilities in the 1970s . The privatisation has created defence industry , which in 1999 was brought under the Malaysia Defence Industry Council . The government continues to promote this sector and its competitiveness , actively marketing the defence industry . Science policies in Malaysia are regulated by the Ministry of Science , Technology , and Innovation . The country is one of the world 's largest exporters of semiconductor devices , electrical devices , and IT and communication products . Malaysia began developing its own space programme in 2002 , and in 2006 , Russia agreed to transport one Malaysian to the International Space Station as part of a multibillion - dollar purchase of 18 Russian Sukhoi Su - 30MKM fighter jets by the Royal Malaysian Air Force . The government has invested in building satellites in through the RazakSAT programme .
Companies Act 2013
Companies Act 1956 was an Act of the Parliament of India , enacted in 1956 , which enabled companies to be formed by registration , sets out the responsibilities of companies , their directors and secretaries and also provides for the procedures for its winding .
Indirect rule
The largest application of Indirect rule was in British Asia , in hundreds of pre-colonial states , first seen at work under the East India Company 's system of subsidiary alliances in the Indian subcontinent . The areas thus brought into the British sphere of influence became known as the Indian Princely States . Subsequently , the same principle was applied in strategic regions on the sea routes to India , especially in the Persian Gulf protected states .
Fundamental rights in India
These fundamental rights help not only in protection but also the prevention of gross violations of human rights . They emphasise on the fundamental unity of India by guaranteeing to all citizens the access and use of the same facilities , irrespective of background . Some fundamental rights apply for persons of any nationality whereas others are available only to the citizens of India . The right to life and personal liberty is available to all people and so is the right to freedom of religion . On the other hand , freedoms of speech and expression and freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country are reserved to citizens alone , including non-resident Indian citizens . The right to equality in matters of public employment can not be conferred to overseas citizens of India .
Sundarbans
The Sundarbans provides a unique ecosystem and a rich wildlife habitat . According to the 2015 tiger census in Bangladesh , and the 2011 tiger census in India , the Sundarbans have about 180 tigers ( 106 in Bangladesh and 74 in India ) . Earlier estimates , based on counting unique pugmarks , were much higher . The more recent counts have used camera traps , an improved methodology that yields more accurate results . Tiger attacks are frequent in the Sundarbans . Between 0 and 50 people are killed each year .
Languages with official status in India
The constitution provides , and the Supreme Court has reiterated , that all proceedings in the Supreme Court of India , the country 's highest court and the High Courts , shall be in English . Parliament has the power to alter this by law , but has not done so . However , in many high courts , there is , with consent from the president , allowance of the optional use of Hindi . Such proposals have been successful in the states of Rajasthan , Madhya Pradesh , Uttar Pradesh , and Bihar .
History of coal mining
Coal mining was never a major industry in Ireland , apart from a spell in the mid-19th century when east Tyrone collieries were at their peak . Deerpark Mines was the largest opencast site . In 1919 it got rail connections and reached peak production in the 1950s .