vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Yemen
The number of military personnel in Yemen is relatively high ; in sum , Yemen has the second largest military force on the Arabian Peninsula after Saudi Arabia . In 2012 total active troops were estimated as follows : army , 390,000 ; navy , 7,000 ; and air force , 5,000 . In September 2007 , the government announced the reinstatement of compulsory military service . Yemen 's defense budget , which in 2006 represented approximately 40 percent of the total government budget , is expected to remain high for the near term , as the military draft takes effect and internal security threats continue to escalate . By 2012 Yemen had 401,000 active personnel .
List of Cars characters
In the movie Planes , when Dusty cuts off the radios power when El Chupacabra was singing the song `` Love Machine '' , he says Ramones catchphrase `` Low and slow '' which causes Chupacabra to sing a romance version of the song .
Coffee
The best ( but least used ) method of drying coffee is using drying tables . In this method , the pulped and fermented coffee is spread thinly on raised beds , which allows the air to pass on all sides of the coffee , and then the coffee is mixed by hand . In this method the drying that takes place is more uniform , and fermentation is less likely . Most African coffee is dried in this manner and certain coffee farms around the world are starting to use this traditional method .
Cumulus cloud
In this phase , water vapor condenses on various nuclei present in the air , forming the cumulus cloud . This creates the characteristic flat - bottomed puffy shape associated with cumulus clouds . The height of the cloud ( from its bottom to its top ) depends on the temperature profile of the atmosphere and the presence of any inversions . During the convection , surrounding air is entrained ( mixed ) with the thermal and the total mass of the ascending air increases . Rain forms in a cumulus cloud via a process involving two non-discrete stages . The first stage occurs after the droplets coalesce onto the various nuclei . Langmuir writes that surface tension in the water droplets provides a slightly higher pressure on the droplet , raising the vapor pressure by a small amount . The increased pressure results in those droplets evaporating and the resulting water vapor condensing on the larger droplets . Due to the extremely small size of the evaporating water droplets , this process becomes largely meaningless after the larger droplets have grown to around 20 to 30 micrometres , and the second stage takes over . In the accretion phase , the raindrop begins to fall , and other droplets collide and combine with it to increase the size of the raindrop . Langmuir was able to develop a formula which predicted that the droplet radius would grow unboundedly within a discrete time period .
Respiratory system
Since the blood arriving in the alveolar capillaries has a partial pressure of O of , on average , 6 kPa ( 45 mmHg ) , while the pressure in the alveolar air is 13 - 14 kPa ( 100 mmHg ) , there will be a net diffusion of oxygen into the capillary blood , changing the composition of the 3 liters of alveolar air slightly . Similarly , since the blood arriving in the alveolar capillaries has a partial pressure of CO of also about 6 kPa ( 45 mmHg ) , whereas that of the alveolar air is 5.3 kPa ( 40 mmHg ) , there is a net movement of carbon dioxide out of the capillaries into the alveoli . The changes brought about by these net flows of individual gases into and out of the alveolar air necessitate the replacement of about 15 % of the alveolar air with ambient air every 5 seconds or so . This is very tightly controlled by the monitoring of the arterial blood gases ( which accurately reflect composition of the alveolar air ) by the aortic and carotid bodies , as well as by the blood gas and pH sensor on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata in the brain . There are also oxygen and carbon dioxide sensors in the lungs , but they primarily determine the diameters of the bronchioles and pulmonary capillaries , and are therefore responsible for directing the flow of air and blood to different parts of the lungs .
Conic section
A circle is a limiting case and is not defined by a focus and directrix , in the plane ( however , see the section on the extension to projective planes ) . The eccentricity of a circle is defined to be zero and its focus is the center of the circle , but there is no line in the Euclidean plane that is its directrix .
Subroto Mukerjee
Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee , OBE ( Bengali : সুব্রত মুখার্জী Shubroto Mukharji ) ( 5 March 1911 -- 8 November 1960 ) was the first Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force ( IAF ) . Born in a Bengali family of repute , he was educated in India as well as England . He joined the Royal Air Force and later was one of the first recruits of the Indian Air Force . He had an illustrious career and had been awarded with many honours until his accidental death in 1960 . He has been called the `` Father of the Indian Air Force '' .
The Beatles
Koschmider had converted a couple of strip clubs in the district into music venues , and he initially placed the Beatles at the Indra Club . After closing the Indra due to noise complaints , he moved them to the Kaiserkeller in October . When he learned they had been performing at the rival Top Ten Club in breach of their contract , he gave the band one month 's termination notice , and reported the underage Harrison , who had obtained permission to stay in Hamburg by lying to the German authorities about his age . The authorities arranged for Harrison 's deportation in late November . One week later , Koschmider had McCartney and Best arrested for arson after they set fire to a condom in a concrete corridor ; the authorities deported them . Lennon returned to Liverpool in early December , while Sutcliffe remained in Hamburg until late February with his German fiancée Astrid Kirchherr , who took the first semi-professional photos of the Beatles .
Environmental policy of the United States
Acid deposition , in the form of acid rain and dry deposition , is the result of sulfur and nitrogen dioxide being emitted into the air , traveling and landing in a different place , and changing the acidity of the water or land on which the chemicals fall . Acid deposition in the Northeast United States from the burning of coal and in the West United States from utilities and motor vehicles caused a number of problems , and was partially exacerbated by the Clean Air Act , which forced coal power plants to use taller smoke stacks , resulting in farther transmission of sulfur dioxide in the air .
Mass Effect: Andromeda
Combat in Mass Effect : Andromeda takes place in real - time , and unlike previous installments in the series , pausing the game to aim or use skills from a menu is no longer a feature . During action sequences , the player has direct control of Ryder from an over-the - shoulder perspective , who can move around the battlefield in a variety of ways , including a side - to - side dash or vertical leap into the air using a jetpack . When the player approaches an object , Ryder will automatically take cover , providing the player with protection in battle . The game encourages players to keep moving during combat with large , open battlefields and enemies that attack from all angles , but also allows for both aggressive and defensive strategies .
Air Jordan
Hatfield is believed to have drawn inspiration for the Air Jordan V from World War II fighter planes , which was most notably visible in the shark teeth shapes on the midsole . The Air Jordan V was reintroduced in 2000 , including a new colorway featuring Michael Jordan 's high school ( Laney High ) colors . In 2006 several V 's were reintroduced , including the LS `` Grape '' V 's , the LS `` burgundy '' V 's , the `` Fire - Red '' V 's , the `` Green Bean '' V 's , and `` Stealth Blue V 's . Along with the latter , a very limited laser design and the black / metallic / fire red colorways were released in early 2007 .
Five Nights at Freddy's
The series is centered on the story of a fictional restaurant named Freddy Fazbear 's Pizza , a pastiche of restaurants like Chuck E. Cheese 's and ShowBiz Pizza Place . The first three games involve the player working as a nighttime security guard , in which they must utilize several tools , most notably checking security cameras , to survive against animatronic characters , which become mobile and homicidal after - hours . The fourth game , which uses different gameplay mechanics from its predecessors , takes place in the house of a child who must defend against nightmarish versions of the animatronics by closing doors and fleeing on foot . The fifth game takes place in a maintenance facility owned by a sister company of Freddy Fazbear 's Pizza . In this game , the player character is a technician instead of a night guard , who must do different tasks each night as told by an AI voice heard in the game .
Parthenon
In March 2011 , archaeologists announced that they had discovered five metopes of the Parthenon in the south wall of the Acropolis , which had been extended when the Acropolis was used as a fortress . According to Eleftherotypia daily , the archaeologists claimed the metopes had been placed there in the 18th century when the Acropolis wall was being repaired . The experts discovered the metopes while processing 2,250 photos with modern photographic methods , as the white Pentelic marble they are made of differed from the other stone of the wall . It was previously presumed that the missing metopes were destroyed during the Morosini explosion of the Parthenon in 1687 .
Catalonia
The Pyrenees : mountainous formation that connects the Iberian Peninsula with the European continental territory , and located in the north of Catalonia ; The Catalan Coastal mountain ranges or the Catalan Mediterranean System : an alternating delevacions and planes parallel to the Mediterranean coast ; The Catalan Central Depression : structural unit which forms the eastern sector of the Valley of the Ebro . Pla
History of Mexico
This group consisted of more than 300 volunteers , who had trained in the United States to fight against Japan . The Escuadrón 201 was the first Mexican military unit trained for overseas combat , and fought during the liberation of the Philippines , working with the U.S. Fifth Air Force in the last year of the war .
Air pollution in the United States
In the 1960s , 1970s , and 1990s , the United States Congress enacted a series of Clean Air Acts which significantly strengthened regulation of air pollution . Individual U.S. states , some European nations and eventually the European Union followed these initiatives . The Clean Air Act sets numerical limits on the concentrations of a basic group of air pollutants and provide reporting and enforcement mechanisms .
Middle ear
Ordinarily , when sound waves in air strike liquid , most of the energy is reflected off the surface of the liquid . The middle ear allows the impedance matching of sound traveling in air to acoustic waves traveling in a system of fluids and membranes in the inner ear . This system should not be confused , however , with the propagation of sound as compression waves in liquid .
Zootopia
Digital marketing company Allied Integrated Media was contracted by Disney to reach out to members of the furry fandom on Meetup , encouraging them to post photos of themselves in their fursuits on social media , with the movie hashtag , as a form of viral marketing for the film .
Air pollution in the United States
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals , particulate matter , or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms , or damages the natural environment into the atmosphere . Ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United States , America has had much trouble with environmental issues , air pollution in particular . According to a 2009 report , around `` 60 percent of Americans live in areas where air pollution has reached unhealthy levels that can make people sick '' . Pollution in the United States has plummeted in the recent decade , with pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide decreasing despite the fact the number of vehicles on the road is not . This change is due to better regulations , economic shifts , and technological innovations . With respect to nitrogen dioxide , NASA reported a 32 % decrease in New York City and a 42 % decrease in Atlanta between the periods of 2005 - 2007 and 2009 - 2011 . Air pollution can cause a variety of health problems including , but not limited to infections , behavioral changes , cancer , organ failure , and even premature death . These health effects are not equally distributed in terms of race , ethnicity , socioeconomic status , education , and more in the United States . California has the worst air quality of any state , and in most surveys the cities in California rank in the top 5 or top 10 of most polluted air in the United States .
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Fifty - five Japanese airmen and nine submariners were killed in the attack , and one was captured . Of Japan 's 414 available planes , 29 were lost during the battle ( nine in the first attack wave , 20 in the second ) , with another 74 damaged by antiaircraft fire from the ground .
Clay court
The third is the brief summer clay season that takes place after Wimbledon . It is entirely in Europe , and usually takes place in July . Near the end of the swing , it overlaps with the beginning of the US Open Series .
Saudi Arabia
In the absence of national elections and political parties , politics in Saudi Arabia takes place in two distinct arenas : within the royal family , the Al Saud , and between the royal family and the rest of Saudi society . Outside of the Al - Saud , participation in the political process is limited to a relatively small segment of the population and takes the form of the royal family consulting with the ulema , tribal sheikhs and members of important commercial families on major decisions . This process is not reported by the Saudi media .
The Eyes of the Dragon
The Eyes of the Dragon takes place entirely within the realm of Delain ( which itself is located within In - World from The Dark Tower series , as established in `` The Little Sisters of Eluria '' ) . It is told from the perspective of an unnamed storyteller / narrator , who speaks casually and frankly to the reader , frequently adding his own commentary on characters ' motivations and the like .
Hot air balloon
In the 18th century the Portuguese jesuit priest Bartolomeu de Gusmão envisioned an aerial apparatus called Passarola which was the predecessor of the hot air ballon . The purpose of Passarola was to serve as air vessel in order to facilitate communication and as a strategical device . In 1709 John V of Portugal decided to fund Bartolomeu de Gusmão 's project following a petition made by the jesuit priest and an unmanned demonstration was performed at Casa da India in presence of John V , the queen Maria Anna of Austria , having as witnesses the Italian cardinal Michelangelo Conti , two members of the Portuguese Royal Academy of History , one Portuguese diplomat and one chronicler . This event would bring some European attention to this event and this project . A later article dated on October 20 , 1786 by the London Daily Universal Register would state that the inventor was able to raise himself by the use of his prototype . Also in 1709 , the Portuguese jesuit wrote Manifesto summário para os que ignoram poderse navegar pelo elemento do ar ( Short Manifesto for those who are unaware that is possible to sail through the element air ) . Persecuted by the Inquisition he was prevented to continue his research , however , he left designs of a manned air vessel .
List of Watchmen characters
Blake 's murder , which takes place shortly before the story begins in 1985 , sets the plot of Watchmen in motion . The character appears throughout the story in flashbacks and aspects of his personality are revealed by other characters . Richard Reynolds described The Comedian as `` ruthless , cynical , and nihilistic , and yet capable of deeper insights than the others into the role of the costumed hero '' . Nicholas Michael Grant said the Comedian is `` the only character in the Watchmen universe who is almost totally unlikeable . ''
Air pollution in the United States
In 2017 , researchers found that diabetes in Latino children living in Los Angeles is linked to air quality . A study led by the University of Southern California was the first of its kind to follow the health and residential air pollution levels of the same children over a span of several years . The subjects of the study were overweight Latino children , between the ages of eight and fifteen , residing in areas with elevated particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide levels , air pollutants caused nearby power plants and high - volume vehicle traffic . The results demonstrated that the children possessed significantly increased risk factors for Type 2 diabetes by the time they turned eighteen , such as diminished efficiency in the insulin - secreting cells of the pancreas . The insulin resistance that results from such a condition is a direct cause of diabetes onset .
Mercury in fish
The United States is a leader in mercury regulation . A key piece of mercury legislation in the United States is the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards ( MATS ) . This policy was finalized by the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) on December 16 , 2011 . This is a federal policy which directly influences mercury in fish , and is the first of its kind in the United States . The facilities targeted by this new policy are the chief sources of mercury in the air . The airborne mercury is dissolved in the oceans , where microorganisms convert waterborne mercury into methyl mercury ; mercury thus finds its way into the food chain and into fish . MATS is legislated towards the aim of preventing about 90 % of the emissions from power plants from reaching the air . In total the expected health benefits are estimated at $37 billion -- $90 billion by 2016 . In comparison , the expected economic cost is $9.6 billion annually . Another integral piece of legislation controlling the emission of mercury to the air is the Clean Air Act . Under this act , mercury is classified as a hazardous air pollutant , allowing the EPA to regulate emissions by establishing performance standards .
Exhalation
TLC is the maximum amount of air in the lungs after maximum inhalation . In men the average TLC is 6000 ml , and in women it is 4200 ml . FRC is the amount of air left in the lungs after normal exhalation . Men leave about 2400 ml on average while women retain around 1800 ml . RV is amount of air left in the lungs after a forced exhalation . The average RV in men is 1200 ml and women 1100 ml . VC is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation . Men tend to average 4800 ml and women 3100 ml .
USS Maine (ACR-1)
Some experts , including Admiral Rickover 's team and several analysts at AME , do not agree with the conclusion . Wegner claims that technical opinion among the Geographic team was divided between its younger members , who focused on computer modeling results , and its older ones , who weighed their inspection of photos of the wreck with their own experience . He adds that the data AME used for its findings were flawed concerning Maine 's design and ammunition storage . Wegner was also critical of the fact that participants in the Rickover study were not consulted until AME 's analysis was essentially complete , far too late to confirm the veracity of data being used or engage in any other meaningful cooperation . 2002
List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters
Later , Monica cuts her wrists in front of the family . After a long discussion with Fiona , Frank takes Debbie and helps Monica escape the clinic with her new girlfriend . Monica is last seen , speeding away in a car , telling Debbie she loves her . Monica reappears in season 5 , episode 11 , when she visits Ian in prison . She and Ian hitchhike out of the city . Monica takes Ian to live with a boyfriend called Walter who makes methamphetamine .
Geography and wealth
One of the first to describe and assess the phenomenon was the French philosopher Montesquieu , who asserted in the 18th century that `` cold air constringes ( sic ) the extremities of the external fibres of the body ; this increases their elasticity , and favours the return of the blood from the extreme parts to the heart . It contracts those very fibres ; consequently it also increases their force . On the contrary , warm air relaxes and lengthens the extremes of the fibres ; of course it diminishes their force and elasticity . People are therefore more vigorous in cold climates . ''
Thermal comfort
The air temperature is the average temperature of the air surrounding the occupant , with respect to location and time . According to ASHRAE 55 standard , the spatial average takes into account the ankle , waist and head levels , which vary for seated or standing occupants . The temporal average is based on three - minutes intervals with at least 18 equally spaced points in time . Air temperature is measured with a dry - bulb thermometer and for this reason it is also known as dry - bulb temperature .
List of Death Note characters
Watari ( ワタリ ) is L 's assistant , providing logistics to the investigation team . Before the team is formed , he is the only person who has seen L , and the only one capable of contacting L directly . Like L , he represents himself with an Old English `` W '' on computer screens . He is also a fatherly figure to L. On the surface he is Quillish Wammy ( キルシュ ・ ワイミー , Kirushu Waimī ) , a famous inventor and founder of Wammy 's House , an orphanage for gifted children in Winchester , England . Watari is well trained in espionage and marksmanship . Rem kills Watari , along with L , in order to protect Misa . At the end of the manga , Roger Ruvie , the manager of Wammy House , becomes the new Watari for the third L , Near . He is voiced by Kiyoshi Kobayashi in the Japanese anime and French Tickner in the English dub ( except for the film , in which Ron Halder takes over ) . In the film , he is played by Shunji Fujimura , who felt that Watari 's presence would `` come alive '' if he projected `` the mood of this mysterious old gentleman without the air of livelihood . '' In the drama series , Watari is portrayed by Kazuaki Hankai . Watari survives in the series . After L 's death , he serves Near . Paul Nakauchi portrays Watari in the American film version .