vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers
The term “Post-COVID Conditions” is an umbrella term for the wide range of physical and mental health consequences experienced by some patients that are present 4 or more weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by patients who had initial mild or asymptomatic acute infection.
Based on current information, many Post-COVID Conditions can be managed by primary care providers, using patient-centered approaches to optimize the quality of life and function of affected patients.
Objective laboratory or imaging findings should not be used as the only measure or assessment of a patient’s well-being; normal laboratory or imaging findings do not invalidate the existence, severity, or importance of a patient’s Post-COVID Conditions.
Healthcare providers and patients are encouraged to set achievable goals through shared decision-making, and to approach treatment by focusing on specific symptoms (e.g., headache) or conditions (e.g., dysautonomia). A comprehensive management plan focusing on improving physical, mental, and social well-being may be helpful for some patients.
Understanding of Post-COVID Conditions remains incomplete. The approach to caring for patients with Post-COVID Conditions will likely change over time as evidence accumulates.

Tools and Resources
COVID.gov
Medical Professional Organization Expert Opinion and Consensus Statements
Support Groups
Symptom and Condition Assessments
Long COVID, Other Fatiguing Illnesses, and Disability
Educational Programs for Healthcare Providers
Other Tools and Resources

Top of PageOverview
Definition
CDC uses the term “Post-COVID Conditions” (PCC) as an umbrella term for the wide range of health consequences that can be present 4 or more weeks after infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
Post-COVID Conditions are associated with a spectrum of physical, social, and psychological consequences, as well as functional limitations that can present substantial challenges to patient wellness and quality of life.
Although standardized case definitions are still being developed, in the broadest sense, Post-COVID Conditions can be considered a lack of return to a usual state of health following acute COVID-19 illness.
Long COVID
Symptoms of long COVID may continue after the initial infection or may appear after the initial illness has passed, and may be difficult to explain. There is no one diagnostic test for long COVID, and the results of routine tests such as x-rays and electrocardiograms may appear normal. People experiencing these types of symptoms may be misunderstood by healthcare providers, which delays progress towards accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment. It is important to inform healthcare providers of a known history of COVID-19 infection, severe illness, or hospitalization. When conducting evaluations, healthcare providers should consider long COVID as a potential diagnosis if patients report symptoms consistent with long COVID. The New York State Department of Health will continue to work with the provider community to underscore the importance of complete and affirming evaluation of individuals who present with long COVID symptoms.
The CDC has a helpful resource on preparing to discuss long COVID with a healthcare provider, including the checklist here.
What if my long COVID symptoms are severe?
Even after a mild acute phase of COVID-19 illness, you may find recurring symptoms may range from a mild annoyance to more severe, even to the point of interrupting daily life. The federal government has determined that long COVID can be considered a disability under the ADA if it substantially limits major life activities. In addition to talking to a healthcare provider, people with long COVID symptoms that qualify as a disability have certain rights and resources available to them.
HHS guidance on long COVID's status as a disability, as well as rights and federal resources available to individuals whose long COVID symptoms qualify as a disability, can be found here.
How can I protect myself, my children, and my family members against developing long COVID?
The best way to protect yourself and those you love from long COVID is to stay up to date with all recommended vaccine doses, wear a well-fitting mask if you are or live in a high-risk area, and use the best air ventilation you can when with groups of people, particularly when the vaccination status of others is unknown.
For more information about COVID-19 vaccines including booster doses, visit the COVID-19 vaccine webpage here.
Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers
COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity in a large survey of first responders and healthcare personnel, May-July 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 30. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab080
Petersen LR, Sami S, Vuong N, et al. Lack of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a large cohort of previously infected persons. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 4.
American Academy of Pediatrics. COVID-19 Interim Guidance: Return to Sports and Physical Activity. Accessed at: https://services.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/clinical-guidance/covid-19-interim-guidance-return-to-sports/
Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A’Court C, et al. Management of Post-acute covid-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020;370:m3026. doi:10.1136/bmj.m3026
COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: Managing the Long-Term Effects of COVID-19. Accessed at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG188
Sisó-Almirall A, Brito-Zerón P, Conangla Ferrín L, et al. Long Covid-19: Proposed Primary Care Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Disease Management. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 20;18(8). doi:10.3390/ijerph18084350
Parkin A, Davison J, Tarrant R, et al. A Multidisciplinary NHS COVID-19 Service to Manage Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in the Community. J Prim Care Community Health. 2021 Jan-Dec;12:21501327211010994. doi:10.1177/21501327211010994
Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers | FDA
If a high positive predictive value cannot be achieved with a single test result, two tests may be used together to help identify individuals who may truly be SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive.
Negative predictive value is the probability that a person who has a negative test result truly does not have antibodies. Negative predictive values for SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are also impacted by how common SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are in the population being tested at a certain time. Negative predictive value is higher in areas with low prevalence and lower in areas with high prevalence. This means that in areas where a lot of people have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, a negative result is more likely to be a false negative result compared to the likelihood of a false negative result in areas where few people have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This could mean that individuals may have developed antibodies to the virus even though the test indicated that they had not.
Additional Resources
Coronavirus Testing Basics
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Using Antibody Tests
Antibodies and COVID-19 | CDC

 

Content current as of:
04/25/2024

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Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers
COVID-19 Tests Granted Traditional Marketing Authorization by the FDA
Face Masks, Barrier Face Coverings, Surgical Masks, and Respirators for COVID-19
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Contacts for Medical Devices Related to COVID-19

 

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FAQs • Roosevelt Island COVID-19 Rapid Testing Site
How much does it cost to get tested?

Getting tested is free and no insurance is required. 

2.
Is pre-registration required?

Pre-registration is recommended but individuals that walk into the site may also register upon arrival. 

3.
What happens if I test positive?

It is important to follow the New York State Department of Health guidelines for testing positive which can be found at coronavirus.health.ny.gov/covid-19-testing 

4.
Can children be tested?

Yes. Individuals of any age may receive testing. 

5.
Should I get this test if I’m experiencing symptoms?

If you have symptoms of COVID-19, it’s important to get tested and isolate until you know your results. Please visit the New York State Department of Health’s COVID-19 testing website for more information -- coronavirus.health.ny.gov/covid-19-testing 

6.
Should I get tested if I’ve already had COVID-19? 

If you have symptoms of COVID-19, it’s important to get tested and isolate until you know your results. Please visit the New York State Department of Health’s COVID-19 testing website for guidelines -- coronavirus.health.ny.gov/covid-19-testing 

7.
How long will the site provide testing? 

The current site is a pop-up and full duration will be determined in the coming weeks. 

8.
What COVID-19 sanitizing protocols are in place?

The site will be sanitized in accordance with New York State Department of Health COVID-19 protocols. Additionally, each testing station will be individually sanitized by healthcare staff. 

9.
Is testing available only to residents of Roosevelt Island? 

As this site is in support of the state’s initiative to create a COVID-19 rapid testing site network to smartly and safely reopen New York’s economy, testing is equally available to New York residents. 

10.
Are vaccinations offered at this site?

This is a COVID-19 rapid testing site.
Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers
6


	Connecting patients to social services when available, including assistance for other hardships (e.g., financial, family illness, bereavement, caregiving), resources on disability and reasonable accommodations for work or school, and connections to patient support groups.
	

Symptom management approaches
Many Post-COVID Conditions can be improved through established symptom management approaches (e.g., breathing exercises to improve symptoms of dyspnea). Creating a comprehensive rehabilitation plan may be helpful for some patients, and might include physical and occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, or vocational therapy, as well as neurologic rehabilitation for cognitive symptoms.
A conservative physical rehabilitation plan might be indicated for some patients (e.g., persons with post-exertional malaise) and consultation with physiatry for cautious initiation of exercise and recommendations about pacing may be useful. Gradual return to activity as tolerated could be helpful for most patients.
Optimizing management of underlying medical conditions might include counseling on lifestyle components such as nutrition, sleep, and stress reduction (e.g., meditation).
Patient diaries and calendars might be useful to document changes in health conditions and symptom severity—especially in relation to potential triggers such as exertion (physical and cognitive), foods, menstruation, and treatments or medications. Such diaries and calendars can provide greater insight into patients’ symptoms and lived experience for healthcare providers. Healthcare providers should encourage patients to report any new or changing symptoms and to discuss any changes in activities or routines.
Patients with Post-COVID Conditions may share some of the symptoms that occur in patients who experience:

myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome,
fibromyalgia,
post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome,
dysautonomia, and
mast cell activation syndrome.

Symptom management approaches that have been helpful for these disorders may also benefit some patients with Post-COVID Conditions (e.g., activity management (pacing) for post-exertional malaise).
Medications
Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers
Current U.S. government Long COVID research and plans for accelerating research and innovation in Long COVID are summarized in the National Research Action Plan on Long COVID.
Clinics for Post-COVID Conditions have been established at medical centers across the United States, bringing together multidisciplinary teams to provide a comprehensive and coordinated treatment approach to COVID-19 aftercare.
CDC continues to actively investigate the full spectrum of COVID-19 illness, from the acute phase to long-term effects and conditions. This work will help to establish a more complete understanding of the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 related illnesses, which can inform healthcare strategies, clinical decision-making, and the public health response to this virus.
How to Get Involved in Long COVID ResearchThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) is conducting a research project, called the RECOVER Initiative, to understand how people recover from a COVID-19 infection and why some people do not fully recover and develop Long COVID or Post-COVID Conditions.
Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery
Top of PageTools and Resources

COVID.gov

U.S. Government Resources—Long COVID: Learn more about Long COVID and get the resources and supports you need
Services and Supports for Longer-Term Impacts of COVID-19
National Research Action Plan
SAMHSA Advisory: Identification and Management of Mental Health Symptoms and Conditions Associated with Long COVID
Appendix A: Long COVID Models of Care – Grey literature sources

Medical Professional Organization Expert Opinion and Consensus Statements

Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Initiative
2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Cardiovascular Sequelae of COVID-19 in Adults: Myocarditis and Other Myocardial Involvement, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Return to Play
Post-COVID-19 Conditions in Children and Adolescents
Long COVID: A Primer for Family Physicians
European Respiratory Society Statement on Long COVID-19 Follow-Up
COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19

Support Groups

Body Politic 
Survivor Corps 
Long COVID Alliance 
Long COVID Kids 

Symptom and Condition Assessments
Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers | FDA
You currently have COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus,
You have immunity that will prevent COVID-19,
You need a COVID-19 vaccine, or
Your COVID-19 vaccine worked.
On this page:
Antibodies and Antibody Tests: The Basics
Antibody Tests: Not for Use to Check Immunity 
Antibody Tests: Results and Terms
Additional Resources
Antibodies and Antibody Tests: The Basics
Q: What are antibodies?
A: Antibodies are proteins made by your body's immune system to help fight off infections, including those caused by viruses. Some antibodies in your body may protect you from getting those infections. Your immune system can also safely learn to make antibodies through vaccination. If antibodies give you this protection and how long this protection lasts can be different for each disease and each person. Antibodies are just one part of your immune response.
Q: Are antibody tests used to diagnose COVID-19?
A: No. An antibody test cannot be used to diagnose current COVID-19 because an antibody test does not detect SARS-CoV-2. Only COVID-19 diagnostic tests can be used to diagnose current COVID-19. A positive antibody test result can be used to help identify people who may have had a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or prior COVID-19. An antibody test does not show if you have a current SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 because the antibodies are part of the body's immune response to infection, and antibody tests do not test for the virus itself. It also can take days to weeks after the infection for your body to make detectable antibodies.
Antibody Tests: Not for Use to Check Immunity
Q: Will a positive result on a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test mean I have immunity and I will not get COVID-19?
A: No. At this time, SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests do not tell you if you have immunity that will prevent you from getting COVID-19.
Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers | FDA
Not all SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests will detect antibodies in response to a COVID-19 vaccine.
Q: What does a negative SARS-CoV-2 antibody test result mean?
A: A negative result on a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test means antibodies to the virus were not detected in your blood.
It is unknown if all people who have a SARS-CoV-2 infection will develop antibodies in their bodies in an amount that can be detected by a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. Also, even if people do develop antibodies, the antibody levels may decrease over time to levels that can't be detected by a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. It is also important to note that different antibody tests may detect different antibodies and different levels of antibodies.
A negative result could mean:
You have not been infected with SARS-CoV-2 previously.
You had a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection but:
	Your body did not make antibodies to the infection yet. It can take days to weeks after an infection for your body to make antibodies.
Your body made SARS-CoV-2 antibodies but the level of antibodies in your sample is too low to be measured by the test that was used.

You were vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine, but the antibody test does not detect the same kind of antibodies your body produced in response to your COVID-19 vaccine.
The test result may be wrong, known as a "false negative." This occurs when the test does not detect antibodies even though you may have antibodies for SARS-CoV-2.
Q: What if I get different results on two SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests and they don't agree? Which one is right?
A: Results may be different for several reasons, including:
The design of the tests - different antibody tests may detect different antibodies and different levels of antibodies.
The performance of the tests, including the sensitivity and specificity of each test (see What do sensitivity and specificity mean in SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing below).
Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers
B-type natriuretic peptide


Laboratory Tests

B-type natriuretic peptide

Other assessment and testing tools
Symptom inventories and assessment tools, such as those embedded within electronic health records at many healthcare organizations, can help evaluate and monitor the status of Post-COVID Conditions. Functional testing can also be helpful to quantitatively document clinical status over time.
A selection of some available assessment tools is shown in Table 2a and Table 2b. These and other measures can also be found in the health measures toolbox and American Academy of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation’s functional assessments, along with assessment tools for other rehabilitation needs (e.g., bowel and bladder function, pain, activities of daily living, cognition, mobility, sleep).
Testing should be tailored to the patient’s symptoms and presentation.
Table 2a. Selected assessment tools for evaluating people with Post-COVID Conditions

Category


Category

Category

Tools


Tools

Tools

Functional status or quality of life


Category

Functional status or quality of life

Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (e.g., Cognitive Function 4a)
Post-Covid-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS)
EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D)


Tools

Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (e.g., Cognitive Function 4a)
Post-Covid-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS)
EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D)

Respiratory conditions


Category

Respiratory conditions

Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale


Tools

Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale

Neurologic conditions


Category

Neurologic conditions

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE)
Compass 31 (for dysautonomia)
Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory


Tools

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE)
Compass 31 (for dysautonomia)
Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory
Frequently Asked Questions | Department of Health
Is it safe to get a COVID-19 vaccine if I have an underlying medical condition?Yes. COVID-19 vaccination is especially important for people with underlying health problems like heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, and obesity. People with these conditions are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. Please consult with your health care provider if you have specific questions about the COVID vaccine and your health. If I already had COVID-19 and recovered, do I still need to get vaccinated? Yes. CDC recommends that you get vaccinated even if you have already had COVID-19, because you can catch it more than once. While you may have some short-term antibody protection after recovering from COVID-19, we don’t know how long this protection will last. Will the vaccine make me sick or will I have side effects?You may not notice any changes in how you feel after getting the shot. But it’s also possible to feel a little “under the weather.” This can happen after any vaccine. It is the body’s immune response to getting vaccinated and a sign that the vaccine is starting to work.After the COVID-19 vaccine, you may have:A sore arm where you got the shotA headacheChillsFeverTirednessOver the counter pain relievers and fever reducers may help.You should feel better in a day or two. If you still don't feel well after two or three days, talk to your health care provider.Do COVID-19 vaccines work against variants of the virus? All COVID-19 vaccines authorized or approved for emergency use in the United States have proven extremely effective at preventing serious illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. The effectiveness of the FDA-approved and -authorized vaccines remains strong even against newer strains, including against variants.Those who are unvaccinated have the greatest risk of becoming seriously ill, which is why the New York State Department of Health urges all eligible New Yorkers to get vaccinated as soon as they are able. Can I get an allergic reaction from the COVID-19 vaccine?People can have allergic reactions to any medication or biological product such as a vaccine.
Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers | FDA
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected in your blood reflect only one part of your immune system, which also includes T-cells and other components that are part of your body's immune response.
More research is needed to understand the role of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in evaluating a person's immunity or protection against COVID-19 and understanding if antibody tests will be helpful for deciding if a person should receive a COVID-19 vaccine. If you have questions about whether a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test is right for you, talk with your health care provider or your state or local health department.
Q. Can a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test tell me if I could infect other people?
A: No. Antibody tests do not tell you whether or not you can infect other people with SARS-CoV-2. Current information indicates people infected with SARS-CoV-2 can still transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus and infect other people, even if they are COVID-19 vaccinated or have detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from a previous infection.
Antibody Tests: Results and Terms
Q: What does a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test result mean?
A: A positive antibody test result could mean you previously had a SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19. A positive antibody test could also mean the test is detecting antibodies in your blood in response to your COVID-19 vaccine. Not all SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests will detect antibodies in response to a COVID-19 vaccine.
Q: What does a negative SARS-CoV-2 antibody test result mean?
A: A negative result on a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test means antibodies to the virus were not detected in your blood.
It is unknown if all people who have a SARS-CoV-2 infection will develop antibodies in their bodies in an amount that can be detected by a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test.