vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Why is sixteen so sweet? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
If you arrange the bits in a nybble every possible way, you get only 16 possibilities.

These are the hex numbers 0 through 15:

0000 = 0
	 0001 = 1
	 0010 = 2
	 0011 = 3
	 0100 = 4
	 0101 = 5
	 0110 = 6
	 0111 = 7
	 1000 = 8
	 1001 = 9
	 1010 = 10 (or A in hexadecimal)
	 1011 = 11 (B)
	 1100 = 12 (C)
	 1101 = 13 (D)
	 1110 = 14 (E)
	 1111 = 15 (F)

 
	 See? We know that the hex number 9 can only be 1001 in binary. And the hex number A can only be 1010.

A single binary digit is called a bit. Four bits grouped together are called a nybble. And two nybbles make (what else?) a byte!

Hex turns out to be a great way to compress data. You can put four separate pieces of information in just one hex digit.

 So a spacecraft engineer might say that, in a particular nybble, the first bit means a heater switch is set to ON (if 1) or OFF (if 0). The second bit might mean a dust particle did (1) or did not (0) hit a tiny sensor. And so on.

 Decimal numbers just aren't as handy. For example, look at these:

Hex

Binary

Decimal

9999

1001 1001 1001 1001

39,321

AOAO

1010 0000 1010 0000

41,120

AAAA

1010 1010 1010 1010

43,690

	 What does the number 39,321 tell you about the binary number that is its equal? Not much without a special calculator to translate! But the hex number 9999 tells you exactly which bits are ones and which bits are zeroes!

 So, you see, math systems are really like languages.
No Fear Act
0
0
0

Sex
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

PDA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

National Origin
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Equal Pay Act
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Age
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Disability
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Genetics
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Non-EEO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Note: Complaints can be filed alleging multiple bases. The sum of the bases may not equal total complaints and findings.
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Findings of Discrimination Rendered by Issue by Fiscal Year - Total Number of Findings

Findings of Discrimination Rendered by Issue
1st Quarter FY 2021 #
1st Quarter FY 2021 %
2nd Quarter FY 2021 #
2nd Quarter FY 2021 %
3rd Quarter FY 2021 #
3rd Quarter FY 2021 %
4th Quarter FY 2021 #
4th Quarter FY 2021 %

Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Appointment/Hire
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Awards
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Disciplinary Actions – Demotion
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Disciplinary Actions – Suspension
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Disciplinary Actions – Removal
0
EEO
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

Conversion to Full-time 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

Disciplinary Action 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

   Demotion 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

   Reprimand 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

   Suspension 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

   Removal 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

   Other 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

Duty Hours 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0
No Fear Act
4th Quarter FY 2021 #
4th Quarter FY 2021 %

Total Number of Findings
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Without a Hearing
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

With a Hearing
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Findings of Discrimination Rendered by Basis by Fiscal Year - Number of Findings

Findings of Discrimination Rendered by Basis
1st Quarter FY 2021 #
1st Quarter FY 2021 %
2nd Quarter FY 2021 #
2nd Quarter FY 2021 %
3rd Quarter FY 2021 #
3rd Quarter FY 2021 %
4th Quarter FY 2021 #
4th Quarter FY 2021 %

Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Race
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Color
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Religion
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Reprisal
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Sex
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

PDA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

National Origin
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Equal Pay Act
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Age
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Disability
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Genetics
0
0
0
LAO Economy and Taxes
In this analysis, we discuss our findings and recommendations regarding the Governor's proposals regarding the California Competes tax credit program. This affects two departments: (1) the Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development (GO-Biz) and (2) Franchise Tax Board.
 

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FTB 7275 Publication | FTB.ca.gov
The penalty is equal to 50 percent of the interest that accrued on the tax assessment from the original due date of the tax to March 31, 2005. The amount of the penalty shown on the NPA is an estimate and cannot be protested. The penalty will be recomputed and assessed if and when the proposed assessment becomes a final liability. You can file a claim for refund of amounts paid to satisfy this penalty only on the grounds that we did not properly compute the amount of the penalty. (R&TC Section 19777.5(a)(2))
Rights as a Taxpayer
One of our goals at the Franchise Tax Board is to make certain we protect your rights. We want you to have the highest confidence in the integrity, efficiency, and fairness of our state tax system. FTB Pub. 4058, California Taxpayersâ Bill of Rights, includes information on state taxpayersâ rights. You can order the California Taxpayersâ Bill of Rights by:

Website:
ftb.ca.gov and search Bill of Rights
Phone
800-338-0505 (Select Personal Income Tax Forms)
Mail
Franchise Tax Board
 PO Box 942840
 Sacramento CA 94240-0040

In keeping with the California Taxpayersâ Bill of Rights, taxpayers who have been unable to resolve their problems with us through regular channels may contact our Taxpayersâ Rights Advocate. Contacting the Taxpayersâ Rights Advocate, however, is not a protest and does not extend the period of time for filing one. To file a protest, follow the instructions in the Protest Procedures section.
Unless you received a jeopardy assessment, you have the right to an independent administrative review before we levy your income or assets if you submit your written request within 30 days of the date of Final Notice Before Levy or within 30 days of the date of the Notice of State Tax Lien.
You may contact Executive and Advocate Services for additional information or to submit your request for review.
To request an independent administrative review, call, fax, or mail at:

Phone
800-883-5910 (Select Personal Income Tax Forms)
Fax:
916-843-6022
Mail
Franchise Tax Board
Tax form changes | FTB.ca.gov
100 Booklet, page 38, Instructions for Sch. P (100) (flat), page 6, Credit Table, Current Credits Table, Program 3.0 California Motion Picture and Television Production, Offset Tax in Section.

 100 Booklet HTML Instructions
 
100 Booklet, Specific Line Instructions, Line 24 through Line 26 – Tax Credits section, seventh paragraph, new bullets #13.
N/A – see Sch. P (100) HTML instructions.

 Sch. P (100) HTML Instructions
 
N/A – see 100 Booklet HTML instructions.
Credit Table, Current Credit Table, Program 3.0 California Motion Picture and Television Production, Offset Tax in Section column.

Add one new bullet to the list of credits.
Replace the credit offset tax in section code.

SB 132, chaptered on July 10, 2023, allows the following credit to reduce tax below tentative minimum tax:

For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2020 the Program 3.0 California Motion Picture and Television Production Credit.

2020
100W, Corporation Tax Booklet Waterâs-Edge Filers, and Schedule P (100W) Alternative Minimum Tax and Credit Limitations – Waterâs-Edge Filers
01/18/2024
PDF

100W Booklet, page 18, column 2, Line 24 through Line 26 – Tax Credits section, seventh paragraph, new bullets #13.
100W Booklet, page 36, Instructions for Sch. P (100) (flat), page 6, Credit Table, left Current Credits Table, Program 3.0 California Motion Picture and Television Production, Offset Tax in Section.

 100W Booklet HTML Instructions
 
100W Booklet, Specific Line Instructions, Line 24 through Line 26 – Tax Credits section, seventh paragraph, new bullets #13.
N/A – see Sch. P (100W) HTML instructions.

 Sch. P (100W) HTML Instructions
 
N/A – see 100W Booklet HTML instructions.
Credit Table, Current Credit Table, Program 3.0 California Motion Picture and Television Production, Offset Tax in Section column.

Add a new bullet to the list of credits.
Replace the credit offset tax in section code.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) | Placer County, CA
California Revenue and Taxation Code section 463 mandates that a late filing penalty of 10% of the assessed value be added for statements not timely filed by May 7th. The Assessment Appeals Board is the only authority with the ability to abate a penalty for late filing.

I don't own the building, I just rent the space. Why do I have a tax bill?

The bill is not for real property such as the land or building. It is for the business personal property and fixtures used in the operation of a business such as:ComputersCountersDesksRackingStovesTables

Where can I find additional information on Business Personal Property?

For additional information on Business Property, please visit the California State Board of Equalization website.

Who needs to file a Business Property Statement?

Business property owners must file a Business Property Statement (PDF) each year detailing the acquisition cost of all supplies, equipment, fixtures, and improvements owned at each location within Placer County.Businesses are required by law to file a Business Property Statement (PDF) if the aggregate cost of business property is $100,000 or more or upon request by the Assessor.Separate filings are required for each business location.Statements are due April 1.A 10% penalty of the assessed value will be added if the property statement is not received by May 7th at 5:00 p.m.Business Property Statements are private documents and are held confidential by the Assessor.

Can I file my form electronically?

For your convenience, the Assessor’s Office offers access to a free online filing program (E-File) from mid-January until June 1st at 11:59 p.m. Business Property Statements received after June 1st are late and subject to penalty. E-Filing is quick and secure, with an immediate confirmation that your filing has been accepted. The E-Filing program replaces the need for a printed submission of the Business Property Statement to be mailed to the Assessor’s Office.On-Line Business Property Statement Filing offers a convenient and secure option that we encourage you to take advantage of today. You will be guided through the electronic version of your property statement, with help screens available.
California’s Child Welfare System: Addressing Disproportionalities and Disparities
Dettlaff, Alan et al. “Disentangling substantiation: The influence of race, income, and risk on the substantiation decision in child welfare.” Child and Youth Services Review, Volume 33, Issue 9, pages 1630‑1637, September 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.005 
Drake, Brett et al. “Racial/Ethnic Differences in Child Protective Services Reporting, Substantiation and Placement, With Comparison to Non‑CPS Risks and Outcomes: 2005‑2019,” Child Maltreatment, Volume 28, Issue 4, pages 683‑699, November 2023. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595231167320 
Font, Sarah A. et al. “Examining Racial Disproportionality in Child Protective Services Case Decisions,” Child and Youth Services Review, Volume 34, Issue 11, pages 2188‑2200, November 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.07.012 
Hobbs, Sue et al. “Foster youth and at‑risk non‑foster youth: A propensity score and structural equation modeling analysis,” Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 126, July 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106034 
Kunins, Hillary Veda et al. “The effect of race on provider decisions to test for illicit drug use in the peripartum setting,” Journal of Women’s Health, Volume 16, Issue 2, pages 256‑261, March 2007. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2006.0070 
Lane, Wendy G. et al. “Racial differences in the evaluation of pediatric fractures for physical abuse,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Volume 288, Issue 13, pages 1603‑1609, October 2002. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.13.1603 
McLaughlin, Michael.
No Fear Act
0
0

Pay (Including Overtime)
0
0

Promotion/Non-Selection
0
0

Reassignment
0
0

   Denied
0
0

   Directed
0
0

Reasonable Accommodation
0
0

Reinstatement
0
0

Termination
0
0

Terms/Condition of Employment
0
0

Time and Attendance
0
0

Training
0
0

Other
0
0

Findings After Hearing
0
0

Appointment/Hire
0
0

Assignment of Duties
0
0

Awards
0
0

Conversion to Full Time
0
0

Disciplinary Action
0
0

   Demotion
0
0

   Reprimand
0
0

   Suspension
0
0

   Removal
0
0

   Other
0
0

Duty Hours
0
0

Evaluation/Appraisal
0
0

Examination/Test
0
0

Harassment
0
0

   Non-Sexual
0
0

   Sexual
0
0

Medical Examination
0
0

Pay (Including Overtime)
0
0

Promotion/Non-Selection
0
0

Reassignment
0
0

   Denied
0
0

   Directed
0
0

Reasonable Accommodation
0
0

Reinstatement
0
0

Termination
0
0

Terms/Condition of Employment
0
0

Time and Attendance
0
0

Training
0
0

Other
0
0

Findings Without Hearing
0
0

Appointment/Hire
0
0

Assignment of Duties
0
0

Awards
0
0

Conversion to Full Time
0
0

Disciplinary Action
0
Teachable Moments – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Pi in the Sky Lessons
Subject Math
Grades 4-12
Time Varies

18 Ways NASA Uses Pi
Student Activity
Type List
Subject Pi

Pi in the Sky Challenge
Student Activity
Type Slideshow
Subject Pi

How Many Decimals of Pi Do We Really Need?
Feature
-- 
--

Pi Day – What's Going 'Round?
Share
-- 
--

November 22, 2016
Spacecraft's 'Ring-Grazing' Maneuver to Deliver New Science from Saturn
Get students engaged in scientific exploration with a look at how an engineering feat in the final months of NASA’s Cassini mission led to new science at Saturn.

Read the blog

Explore Lessons and Activities

Scientist for a Day Essay Contest
Subject Science
Grades 5-12
Time Varies

October 31, 2016
When Computers Were Human
Learn about the important but little-known role women played in the early days of space exploration, then try a math lesson inspired by their work.

Read the blog

Explore Lessons and Activities

Let's Go to Mars! Calculating Launch Windows
Subject Math
Grades 9-12
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

May 18, 2016
Navigating LA with 65,000 Pounds of NASA Space Shuttle History
What do you do with a retired fuel tank that once helped launch NASA space shuttles? The answer contains a math challenge for students.

Read the blog

Explore Lessons and Activities

Street Math, Space Shuttle Style
Subject Math
Grades 2-12
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

May 6, 2016
A Teachable Moment You Can See! The Transit of Mercury
A transit of Mercury (or Venus) is not just cool to see, it’s also a great introduction to how scientists search for planets outside our solar system.

Read the blog

Explore Lessons and Activities

Exploring Exoplanets With Kepler
Subject Math
Grades 6-12
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Sun Screen: A 'Pi in the Sky' Challenge
Subject Math
Estimated tax payments | FTB.ca.gov
$75,000 if married/RDP filing separately

Then you must base your estimated tax based on the lesser of:

90% of your tax for the current tax year
110% of your tax for the prior tax year (including alternative minimum tax)

This rule does not apply to farmers or fishermen.

Example:
Mrs. Smith’s tax liability was:

$5,000 in the current year, 90% is $4,500
$3,000 in the prior year, 110% is $3,300

Since the prior year amount is less than the current year, Mrs. Smith must pay at least $3,300 in 4 payments. 
High income estimated tax
If your current tax year's adjusted gross income for California is equal to or greater than:

$1,000,000
$500,000 if married/RDP filing separately

You must pay your estimated tax based on 90% of your tax for the current tax year.

Example:
Mr. and Mrs. Grant’s current tax year joint AGI is $1,250,000. Their tax liability:

$127,518 in the current year, 90% is $114,766 

How to calculate
Use the California Estimated Tax Worksheet in the Instructions for Form 540-ES to calculate your estimated tax.

Recalculating your estimated tax for each payment may increase accuracy.

When to pay
Your tax payments are due in 4 payments. California differs from federal. To avoid a penalty, you must pay on or before the below dates.

Payment
Amount
Due date

1
30%
April 15, 2024

2
40%
June 17, 2024

3
0%
September 16, 2024

4
30%
January 15, 2025

Check your estimated tax
Login or register for MyFTB to view estimated payments you have already made. 
 

 

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Información sobre el Formulario 1040(sp), Declaración de Impuestos de los Estados Unidos Sobre los Ingresos Personales | Internal Revenue Service
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Formulario 1040

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CalPERS PERSpective
<p>If you want to see the actual COLA calculation that is used, we provide a <a href="https://www.calpers.ca.gov/page/retirees/cost-of-living/cola" target="_blank" rel="noopener">calculation example on our website</a> that will give you an estimated COLA amount.</p>
<h2>Learn More</h2>
<p>For more information about the COLA, visit our <a href="https://www.calpers.ca.gov/page/retirees/cost-of-living/cola" target="_blank" rel="noopener">COLA webpage</a>.</p>
<p><center><iframe title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TztKL8F7l8Y?si=FJOrtwtRgDLzC_aQ" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></center>You’ll also find information about the <a href="https://www.calpers.ca.gov/page/retirees/cost-of-living/pppa" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Purchasing Power Protection Allowance (PPPA)</a>, which protects against inflation for those whose benefits fall below minimum levels established by law.</p>
<p>If you have further questions about your COLA, send us a secure message through <a href="https://my.calpers.ca.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">myCalPERS</a> or call us at <strong>888 CalPERS</strong> (or <strong>888</strong>-225-7377).</p>

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