vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Beaver - NYSDEC
Their anal glands, which beaver use to grease up their fur, are not functional until the third or fourth week of life.Predators, Parasites, and DiseasesBeaver are more susceptible to predation by animals such as coyote, fisher, bear, and bobcat when traveling extended distances from water in search of food. Kits may fall prey to mink, otter, fox, and great-horned owls. Studies in the Adirondack Park suggest that beaver are heavily relied upon by coyotes, and rank second to white-tailed deer as a preferred food source. Humans are one of the major sources of beaver mortality through trapping and automobile collisions.Beaver harbor a variety of parasites, both internal and external. Internally, they have different varieties of nematode, a form of intestinal roundworm, in different parts of the intestinal tracts. There are also cestodes or tapeworms that inhabit large portions of the small intestine, and apparently cause little to no harm to the host. Giardia lambdia is a two-celled flagellate that inhabits parts of the intestines and causes beaver fever in humans. It is known to be found in close association with the beaver but has not been identified as the definitive host of this rather uncomfortable parasite. For more information, visit the New York State Department of Health website to view a fact sheet (leaves DEC website) on beaver and giardiasis.Externally, beaver can have multiple species of mite that dwell in their dense fur. There can be as many as 10 species of mite living on a single beaver. Each species is specialized for life in a distinct part of the animal's body. For instance, the mites living around the head are not the same species of mite that one would find in the hindquarters.Watchable WildlifeWhen looking for wildlife in New York, visit the Watchable Wildlife webpage for the best locations for finding your favorite mammal, bird, reptile, or insect. New York State has millions of acres of State Parks, forests and wildlife management areas that are home to hundreds of wildlife species, and all are open to the public. Choose from hundreds of trails and miles of rivers as well as marshes and wetlands.   Remember when viewing wildlife:  Don't feed wildlife and leave wild baby animals where you find them.
Beaver - NYSDEC
New York Status: Not ListedFederal Status: Not ListedOn this pageDescriptionHabitatFood and FeedingBehaviorEcologyReproductionPredators, Parasites, and DiseasesWatchable WildlifeDescriptionThe beaver is New York State's official mammal. It is unmistakable due to its large body size (26-65 pounds, 25-35 inches) and broad flattened tail (9-10 inches long, 6 inches wide), not to mention the characteristically altered habitat in which it resides.A unique feature of the beaver is a second set of eyelids. The secondary eyelids, known as a nictitating membrane, are white and form an inner eyelid. Additionally, their ears and nose can close while underwater! Beavers have lips that close behind the incisors which allow them to gnaw underwater. These large incisors are continuously growing and are kept at a manageable length by the gnawing action beaver use to gather food. Their rich, dense fur ranges in color from yellow-brown to almost black. Webbed hind feet serve to compliment the extraordinary swimming ability of the beaver. The second hind toe has a split nail, which appears to aid in grooming.The beaver's tail is flat, which helps them swim throughout aquatic habitats. It serves other purposes as well. The tissue beneath the scaly outer layer, which is actually compressed, grouped hairs, contains many blood vessels at its base. It serves as a thermoregulatory tool (helps them to maintain a consistent body temperature). Blood flows from the surface of the tail, thereby minimizing heat loss. It also assists in fat storage.HabitatBeaver rarely leave the water for long periods of time. They can be found in wooded streams; the margins of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs; swamps and marshes; and many other sources of year-round water. Ideally, waterways will be of low gradient with an abundance of aspen, willow, or alder, as well as a variety of aquatic vegetation.Food and FeedingThe beaver's diet consists almost entirely of cellulose in the form of woody plant material. Woody plants are nearly indigestible to mammals. Digestion is aided by microorganisms inhabiting the small intestine.
California Fish and Wildlife Journal - Contents

Pertinent resolutions
Hunting season dates on doves changed in two states
Are nesting birds on the increase?

Fact of Current Interest
Hatchery Notes. W. H. Shebley
	
The season
Water supply for hatcheries low
Snow Mountain Station
Mount Whitney Hatchery
Kaweah Hatchery
Bear Valley Hatchery
Klamath stations
Drouth conditions affect the Mount Shasta Hatchery less than any other
Salmon take one-fourth of normal
Mackinaw trout to be introduced
Cutthroat trout to be planted
Derby Dam investigation

Notes from the State Fisheries Laboratory. W. F. Thompson
	
San Pedro rarities
The future of world fisheries
Fisheries and the war

Life History Notes
	
Nasal parasites in deer. C. P. Russell
No birds to control grasshopper pest. H. C. Bryant
Rabies epidemic among gray foxes. H. C. Bryant

Conservation in Other States
	
New Jersey profits by a good deer law
Virginia attempts destruction of carp
Virginia's first uniform game law
Congratulations, Maryland!
Virginia starts educational campaign
Massachusetts protests crow shooting
Oregon Fish Commission protects clams and crabs
New Jersey changes game laws
The latest in sanctuaries
Wisconsin protects American lotus
Fish cultural operations in Idaho affected by drought
New Zealand boasts of American trout and salmon

United States Forest Service Cooperation. P. G. Redington
	
Help protect California's forest wealth
Forest facts for California
Take the old black pipe
Forage conditions in Game Refuge 1-D

Reports
	
Fresh Fishery Products, January, February, and March
Violations of Fish and Game Laws, 1923–24
Statement of Income
Statement of Expenditures

California Fish and Game 10(2). Spring 1924.

Scientific investigation by the California Fish and Game Commission. H. C. Bryant
Young salmon taken at sea. J. O. Snyder
The effect of gunfire on fishes. W. F. Thompson
The lampara net. N. B. Scofield
Editorials
California Fish and Wildlife Journal - Contents

New York plans series of refuges
New York succeeds in stocking area with mallards
Nova Scotia creates sanctuary
Yellowstone elk thrive in Canada
Rearing vs. purchasing game

Reports
	
Statement of Income and Expenditures
Violations of Fish and Game Laws
Statistical Report Annual Kill Fur-Bearing Mammals in California
Statistics, Deer Killed in California
California Fishery Products, October to December, 1927

California Fish and Game 14(1). Winter 1928.

The sea lions of California. P. Bonnot
The smelts of the San Pedro wholesale fish markets. F. N. Clark
How a natural resource is being administered. W. L. Scofield
Salmon investigation. J. O. Snyder
Striped bass studies. E. C. Scofield
Catch figures and fish supply. J. A. Craig
An historical review of the legal aspects of the use of food fish for reduction purposes. B. D. Marx Greene
Biological requisites for Lake Trout. G. A. Coleman
Progress in halibut investigations. R. M. Thompson
Editorials
	
Eugene D. Bennett, new executive officer
The retiring executive office
Special fish planting truck
A correction
Commercial duck clubs licensed
Patrol conference
KMN goes on the air
Kill of deer, season 1927
Hungarian partridges purchased
Associated sportsmen's convention
Trout distribution for 1928 planned
Outbreak of duck disease
Pot-hunting and shooting ethics
What is a "forked-horn"?
New plan for duck conservation
An elk refuge needed
Volunteer wardens
Education in California
Express shipments of ducks inspected
Tahquitz Game Refuge
Opening of duck season encouraging
Fish planting
Sage hen given protection
A famous animal blind
Two speed boats added to patrol
Resolutions of Western Association
Government to take waterfowl census
Habits of the California clapper rail
Maintenance of wild life on reservations
Pheasants and cats
A costly lesson
The food of fishes
Court decision divides jurisdiction over Kaibab deer
California Fish and Wildlife Journal - Contents

Many tons of sharks marketed
A new hatchery on Klamath River is planned
Few sturgeon left
An all-woman jury convicts night shooters
Whale meat nutritious
Lion bounties in 1917
New goose discovered in California

Fair Play
	
Raising rice for wild game consumption
The dine on the leavings

Facts of Current Interest
Hatchery Notes. W. H. Shebley
	
Mount Shasta Hatchery
Mount Whitney Hatchery
Bear Lake Hatchery
Tahoe Hatcheries
Wawona Hatchery
Almanor and Domino Springs Hatcheries
Fort Seward Hatchery
Snow Mountain Station
Brookdale and Scott Creek Stations
Screen and fishway surveys

Commercial Fishery Notes. N. B. Scofield
	
Additional information on herring
Shad season approaching
Fresh sardines not appreciated
Clamor for sturgeon
Salmon catch in 1917
Patrol boat "Albacore" busy
Anchovies will be salted
The anchovy a fine food fish
Mackerel delicious but seldom eaten
Tuna investigations
Betting fishing methods needed
The government control of fisheries

Conservation in Other States
	
Ocean fish refuges
Fish and game administration in Washington
Washington's game refuges
No increase of bounties in Pennsylvania
$15,000 fine paid for trapping wild ducks
Dove protection in Texas
Penalties for violation of Oregon game laws
Nevada prohibits deer hunting with aid of dogs
Value of wild life enormous
Minnesota commission remodels fish and game laws
A successful sparrow campaign
New York has conservation school
Bird preserves in Russia
Gould League of Bird Lovers in Australia
Arkansas reforms
Louisiana opposes suspension of game laws

Life History Notes
	
Coyote kills quail. M. S. Clark
Hungarian partridges seen in Inyo County in 1913. J. J. Singlau
"Varmint" dogs clean out bobcats. C. H. Cooley
Adult deer with unbranched horns. W. N. Dirks
Swans rare this year. G. Neale
Agricultural Response | California Conservation Corps
Some pest infestations, such as the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), require CCC crews to work within residential communities- going door-to-door removing and disposing of infected fruit or performing very careful visual inspections of vegetation.
If an infestation is found, the CCC works closely with the CDFA which directs and guides crews. On several occasions, CCC crews constructed thousands of incubation containers used to trap and identify Medflies and stop their spread.
Other pest infestations that the CCC has responded to include:

Mexican fruit fly
Gypsy moth
Light brown apple moth
White fly
Red imported fire ants
Glassy-winged sharpshooter
Yellow jacket

CCC crews also combat agricultural diseases. In 2003, Corpsmembers helped halt the spread of the deadly Exotic Newcastle Disease affecting all species of birds, including poultry, in Southern California. This labor intensive work required the location and removal of poultry and birds.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

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	 State of California
Bill History - SB-252 Toxicological testing on dogs and cats.
Set for hearing April 6.

03/15/21
From committee with author's amendments. Read second time and amended. Re-referred to Com. on JUD.

03/11/21
Re-referred to Com. on JUD.

02/25/21
From committee with author's amendments. Read second time and amended. Re-referred to Com. on RLS.

02/22/21
Joint Rule 55 suspended. (Ayes 32. Noes 4. Page 272.)

02/22/21
(Ayes 32. Noes 4.)

02/22/21
Art. IV. Sec. 8(a) of the Constitution dispensed with.

02/03/21
Referred to Com. on RLS.

01/26/21
From printer. May be acted upon on or after February 25.

01/25/21
Introduced. Read first time. To Com. on RLS. for assignment. To print.
California Fish and Wildlife Journal - Contents

D. M. Selleck and B. Glading
Fish rescue in California. C. Woodhull
Anatomical differences between the ring-necked pheasant and the domestic chicken as an aid in law enforcement. J. Laughlin
A parasite in the muscles of ducks in California. C. M. Herman and G. L. Bolander
Resignation—G. H. Clark
Young sperm whale beached at Monterey. J. B. Phillips
Twenty-five years ago in California Fish and Game. B. Curtis
Mussel poisoning twenty-five years ago and today. B. Curtis

California Fish and Game 29(2). Spring 1943.

In the service of their country
Creel returns from the hatchery trout in June Lake, California. E. H. Vestal
Distribution of muskrats in California. H. Twining and A. L. Hensley
The fish-eating bats of the Gulf of California. E. W. Gudger
Grunion in Monterey Bay. J. B. Phillips
Another wall-eyed pollack at Monterey. J. B. Phillips
Rehabilitation of a Modoc County Reservoir for trout fishing. J. H. Wales
Twenty-five years ago in California Fish and Game. B. Curtis

California Fish and Game 29(1). Winter 1943.

In the service of their country
A study of nesting Canada geese in Honey Lake Valley, California. J. S. Dow
Twelfth annual black brant census in California. J. Moffitt
The effect of mining silt on yield of fry from salmon spawning beds. P. A. Shaw and J. A. Maga
Special regulations affecting the 1942 deer season
Twenty-five years ago in California Fish and Game. B. Curtis
Retirement—J. C. Lewis
Retirement—Henry Lencioni
Retirement—J. D. Dondero

1942

California Fish and Game 28(4). Fall 1942.

A game fish for the Salton Sea, the ten-pounder, Elops affinis.
California Fish and Wildlife Journal - Contents

Introduction of pond smelt from Japan into California. J. H. Wales
Deep Sea Trawling and Wing Trawling (Book Review). E. A. Best
The Salmon (Book Review). H. E. Pintler
Porpoises and Sonar (Book Review). A. E. Daugherty
The Natural History of North American Amphibians and Reptiles (Book Review). A. E. Daugherty
Dolphins, the Myth and the Mammal (Book Review). W. L. Craig
Animal Ecology (Book Review). J. B. Cowan
Birds of the World (Book Review). C. M. Ferrel
The Living Land (Book Review). R. L. Butler
Parasitology of Fishes (Book Review). J. E. Fitch
Mollusks of the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Panamic-Pacific Pelecypoda (Book Review). J. E. Fitch
130 Feet Down; Handbook for Hydronauts (Book Review). M. L. Johnson

California Fish and Game 48(1). Winter 1962.

Recognition and return of the trout tags by California anglers. R. L. Butler
The names of certain marine fishes of California. P. M. Roedel
The Pismo clam in 1960. J. L. Baxter
Age determination of the Pacific albacore of the California coast. R. R. Bell
Manipulation of shrub form and browse production in game range improvement. R. P. Gibbens and A. M. Schultz
Importance of northwest coastal California to waterfowl. C. F. Yocom and E. P. Denson, Jr.
Water velocities tolerated by spawning Kokanee salmon. G. E. Delisle
Observations of the food habits of juvenile white sturgeon. M. R. Schreiber
Purse seining for Pacific Albacore. J. A. Shaver
Atlantic Ocean Fisheries (Book Review). E. A. Best
California Fish and Wildlife Journal - Contents

O. L. Warner
State fish exchange merges with Division. O. L. Warner
Waterfowl regulations for 1933 season. E. L. Macaulay
Federal duck feeding survey. J. Moffitt
Open pheasant season. O. L. Warner
Study of Pacific Coast deer. J. Moffitt
Wild animal importation law. J. Moffitt
Trappers placed in mule deer area. J. S. Hunter
Second state fair deer head exhibit. J. Moffitt

Reviews
	
California Mackerel Fishery (Book Review). K. K.
New York Biological Surveys of Streams (Book Review). J. O. Snyder
Game Management (Book Review). J. Moffitt
Food of Seals (Book Review). H. C. Godsil
Food Habits of Coyotes (Book Review). J. Moffitt
Shaw on Toxicity of Thallium in Game Birds (Article Review). P. A. Shaw

Commercial Fishing Notes
	
Mackerel eggs taken off the southern California coast. D. H. Fry, Jr.
California flying fish eggs. D. H. Fry, Jr.
Improved process for fish meal. W. L. Scofield

Reports
	
Statement of Income
Statement of Expenditures
Violations of Fish and Game Laws
Fishery Products, April, May, and June, 1933

California Fish and Game 19(3). Summer 1933.

The saga of big game fishing. R. Bandini
The commercial uses of sharks and rays. L. A. Walford
In defense of pelicans. B. S. Thompson
California steelhead trout problems. A. G. Taft
Condition of the yellowtail fishery. S. S. Whitehead
Frogs and their commercial uses. T. I. Stover
Editorials
	
William H. Shebley—50 years of service
Retirement—Captain Walter R. Welch
A correction
Bullfrogs for sport
California Fish and Wildlife Journal - Contents

Fisheries statistics furnish basis for legislation
Photographic evidence
Deer licks
Personnel file improved
State fair exhibit
Home grown ducks plentiful
New films of state game farm secured
The shad in Oregon
Deer violator apprehended
Scout service to wild life
A novel type of duck refuge
Public shooting grounds suggested
Floating reduction factories
A brief for the cormorant
How duck supply may be increased
Striped bass gaining in public favor
Trumpeter swans survive
Fur farming in British Columbia
State game refuge requisites
Experimental rabbit farm at Fontana, California
Bird minding made easier and cheaper by improved methods

Commission Activities
Life history notes
	
Pike and trout. C. L. Hubbs
Domesticated Mexican chachalaca. J. W. Classen
European trout gets older scientific name

Conservation in other states
	
Fisheries merged with conservation commission in North Carolina
Kaibab deer numerous
Mississippi wild life refuge
Thirty-fifth refuge just purchased

Reports
	
Violations of Fish and Game Laws
Statement of Expenditures
Fishery Products, April to June, 1927

California Fish and Game 13(3). Summer 1927.

History of fish planting in California. W. H. Shebley
Four new hatcheries for California. W. H. Shebley
Hunting and fishing reminiscences. W. R. Welch
Food habits of the Chinese pheasant. A. Bade
Recent Legislation
Editorials
	
Increased license fees provide for enlarged program
Ear marks of progress
Commission given power to close streams to fishing
Experience best teacher
The new Department of Natural Resources
Deserted fawns
Do you know your game warden?
Fish distribution
Natural history instruction in the schools
The duck fund
Plans for increasing the duck supply
Quail receive added protection
Game farm a busy place
Game censuses
Pheasant plantings
Sport for the angler in San Francisco Bay
Depredations of birds in fruit orchards
Millions of hunters
Mixing faunas
California Fish and Wildlife Journal - Contents

Help save the wood duck
Game laws for 1920
Wrong season on doves
Two deer at one shot

Facts of Current Interest
Hatchery Notes. W. H. Shebley
	
Trout and salmon distribution
Salmon egg collecting, fall of 1919
San Joaquin River salmon
Salmon in the Eel River

Commercial Fishery Notes. N. B. Scofield
	
Some considerations concerning the salting of fish
Salmon conservation and salmon trolling
Eel River problems

Notes from the State Fisheries Laboratory. W. F. Thompson
	
Changes in the personnel
The sardine season
Conferences on the sardine work
The progress of the new laboratory
The habits of sea gulls
A further note on the Monterey gulls

Life History Notes
	
Opossum killed on Mount Hamilton. W. H. Wright
Three mountain lion kittens captured. J. C. Bruce
How many eggs does a salmon lay? J. O. Snyder
Fulvous tree-duck shot near Colusa. A. C. Hansen
Black fish near Santa Catalina Island. H. B. Nidever

Conservation in Other States
	
Sanctuary for wild life deeded to Louisiana
Vermont establishes sanctuary for waterfowl
Value of Pennsylvania's annual kill of game
Quebec licenses fur dealers
Automobiles confiscated in Wisconsin
The system of conservation in Pennsylvania
The platform adopted by the Illinois Sportsmen's League

Reports
	
Violation of Fish and Game Laws
Seizures
Expenditures
Fishery Products, July, August, September, 1920

1920

California Fish and Game 6(4). Fall 1920.

Distribution of the golden trout in California. S. L. N. Ellis and H. C. Bryant
The growth of the swell shark within the egg case. H. M. Edwards
Notes on dry-fly fishing—No. 5. R. L. M.
Editorials
	
Commission's duty to protect fish and game
Summer resort educational work
The grizzly
Beavers increase in the Adirondacks
State Fair exhibit
California Fish and Wildlife Journal - Contents

Yosemite Experimental Hatchery
Fish distribution

Commercial Fishery Notes. N. B. Scofield
	
Biological stations want protection
Proposed change of shrimp law would menace fish life
Launch "albacore" attempts to aid fisherman
New cannery established in Ensenada
Japanese trawler in nets of law

Notes from the Long Beach Laboratory. W. F. Thompson and E. Higgins
Conservation in Other States
	
Wardens do detective work in New York
Illinois sportsmen dissatisfied
Washington Commission maintains permanent exhibit
Washington will open the season on elk
Vermont plans quarterly bulletin

Life History Notes
	
Elk in Shasta County. M. H. McAllister
Deer hunting poor in Mono County. W. M. Maule
Deer increasing in Trinity Game Refuge. G. O. Laws
Grouse in the Sequoia National Forest. F. P. Cunningham
River otter plays on moonlight nights. U. Boyle
Valley quail with egg in December. E. L. Bosqui

Wild life in relation to agriculture
	
Blackbirds and rice. W. O. Jacobson
Ducks destroy garden pests
Pheasants damage crops in Inyo County. E. L. Herzinger
Mole eats angleworms. W. N. Dirks

Reports
	
Fishery Products, October to December, 1918
Financial Report
Violations of Fish and Game Laws
Seizures
Number of Deer Killed in Season 1917

California Fish and Game 5(1). Winter 1919.

Shrimp fisheries of California. N. B. Scofield
The fishes of the croaker family (Sciaenidae) of California. E. C. Starks
Note on the sand dab. E. C. Starks
The stickleback: a fish eminently fitted by nature as a mosquito destroyer. C. L. Hubbs
Early stages of the spiny lobster. W. L. Schmitt
The coyote as a deer killer. E. V. Jotter
Editorials
	
The 1916–1918 biennial
California Fish and Wildlife Journal - Contents

The future of the beaver. G. Neale
Loss of deer in the canal of the Western States Gas and Electric Company, El Dorado County. G. Neale
Editorials
	
Fish and Game Commission supports conservation measure
President Newbert's statement
Commission funds made available by Supreme Court decision
Commission wins Supreme Court decision on use of sardines in reduction plants
Safety of salmon not assured by building fishways
Supreme Court may decide Klamath River fight
The conservation of the Klamath River
Drainage of Lake Earl prevented
Demand for restoration of lower Klamath Lake as wildfowl breeding grounds
Klamath Lake bird preservation past and present
Reaction against drainage projects continues
"Act in haste and repent at leisure."
Deer contract foot and mouth disease
"Fundamental problems of game conservation"
Washington becomes worried about dams
Conference results
Postponement of angling season demanded
Only legislature could have changed trout season
Dry years emphasize need for discretionary powers
Crow and hawk prize contests
Arms companies adopt dangerous policy
Band-tailed pigeons destructive to cherries
Hearing on the Migratory Bird Refuge Act
Suisun lands made attractive for waterfowl
Hunting from airplanes continues
Ideals and purposes of the Izaak Walton League of America
"The children ask us."
Nevada introduces Kansas cottontails
To protect salmon and halibut
February nets large catch of sardines
California greatest of fish-producing states
A correction
Mountain sheep ranges posted
Recreation needs
Clever advertising
Antelope protection
Illegal to take fawns
Predatory animals poisoned in Trinity Game Refuge
Animal life in the Yosemite
International protection of birds planned
Pertinent resolutions
Hunting season dates on doves changed in two states
Are nesting birds on the increase?

Fact of Current Interest
Hatchery Notes. W. H. Shebley
	
The season
Water supply for hatcheries low
Snow Mountain Station
Mount Whitney Hatchery
Kaweah Hatchery
Bear Valley Hatchery
Klamath stations
Drouth conditions affect the Mount Shasta Hatchery less than any other