vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
The Big Questions - NASA Science
They are also sometimes called "extrasolar planets," "extra-" implying that they are outside of our solar system.detailed answerIs there life on other planets?Earth is the only planet we know of with life on it...so far. Scientists are searching the galaxy for planets similar to Earth, and signs of life. As we see on Earth, life can adapt to conditions that human beings would consider very harsh (temperature, radiation, salinity, acidity, aridity, etc). So it may be possible that life started on other worlds and adapted to conditions quite alien to what we are used to.detailed answerHow many exoplanets are there?To date, more than 5,500 exoplanets have been discovered and are considered "confirmed" by NASA, out of the billions in our galaxy alone. There are thousands of other "candidate" exoplanet detections that require further observations in order to say for sure whether or not the exoplanet is real.detailed answerWhere are exoplanets?In a lot of places! Most of the exoplanets discovered so far are in a relatively small region of our galaxy, the Milky Way. ("Small" meaning within thousands of light years of the solar system). That is as far as current telescopes have been able to probe.detailed answerWhat is the closest exoplanet to Earth?Proxima Centauri b, which is about four light-years away. Its mass is consistent with it being slightly larger than Earth. Based on what we know about exoplanets, and planets in our solar system similar in mass to Earth, it is most likely a rocky planet. Proxima Centauri b orbits in the "habitable zone" of its star, which means it could have liquid water on its surface – if it has an atmosphere which could support it. Calculations suggest that the one side of the exoplanet Proxima b faces its star all the time, which would make for a very different atmosphere and weather than we have on Earth.
Exoplanet Catalog - NASA Science
Exoplanet Catalog - NASA Science

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Among the thousands of planets confirmed to be in orbit around other stars, we’ve found nothing quite like our home planet. Other planets in Earth’s size range? Sure,…Article5 years agoThe Planet Hunter and the ‘Unseen Giant’6 min readIt was March 1988, and astronomer David Latham was working into the night, puzzling over an odd result from an experimental instrument at Harvard’s Oak Ridge Observatory in Massachusetts. At the time, planets around other stars were an unproven –…Article5 years agoOur Milky Way Galaxy: How Big is Space?4 min readWhen we talk about the enormity of the cosmos, it’s easy to toss out big numbers – but far more difficult to wrap our minds around just how large, how far, and how numerous celestial bodies really are. To get…Article5 years agoWeird Worlds? Yes — by the Trillion4 min readA trip down the list of exoplanets found so far is a wild ride. These planets beyond our solar system, whether orbiting other stars or floating freely between them, can make the planets closer to home look tame by comparison.…Article5 years agoA passing star: our Sun’s near miss4 min readStars jostling around the galaxy aren’t quite like a cosmic game of pool. But they do have occasional near misses as they speed past each other. Back when spears and stone points were the height of human technology, astronomers say,…Article5 years agoA Trip to the Outback – and to Earth’s Early Life2 min readby Nick Siegler, chief technologist, NASA’s Exoplanet Exploration Program This past July I joined a group of geologists, geochemists, microbiologists, and fellow astronomers on a tour of some of the best-preserved evidence for early life. Entitled the Astrobiology Grand Tour,…Article5 years agoExoplanet in the corner pocket: a recount for thousands of worlds5 min readby Pat Brennan,NASA’s Exoplanet Exploration Program First they rolled in one by one, those newly discovered planets, like billiard balls pushed across a table. Counting them was easy. Then they came in handfuls.
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NASA’s TESS Finds Intriguing World Sized Between Earth, Venus

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Using observations by NASA’s TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) and many other facilities, two international teams of astronomers have discovered a planet between the sizes of Earth and Venus only 40 light-years away. Multiple factors make it a candidate well-suited…
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NASA, IBM Research to Release New AI Model for Weather, Climate

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SolarUniversoScience All NASA ScienceEarth SciencePlanetary ScienceAstrophysics & Space ScienceThe Sun & HeliophysicsBiological & Physical SciencesLunar ScienceCitizen ScienceAstromaterialsAeronautics ResearchHuman Space Travel ResearchExploreSearchSubmitNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+…ExoplanetsOverviewExoplanets HomeExoplanets OverviewExoplanets FactsTypes of ExoplanetsStarsWhat is the UniverseSearch for LifeThe Big QuestionsAre We Alone?Can We Find Life?The Habitable ZoneWhy We SearchDiscoveriesDiscoveries DashboardHow We Find and CharacterizeMissionsPeopleExoplanet CatalogImmersiveThe ExoplaneteersExoplanet Travel Bureau5 Ways to Find a PlanetStrange New WorldsUniverse of MonstersGalaxy of HorrorsNewsStoriesBlogMultimediaResourcesGlossaryEyes on ExoplanetsExEPExplore This SectionExoplanets HomeExoplanets OverviewSearch for LifeDiscoveriesImmersiveNewsMultimediaResourcesExEPWhat is an Exoplanet?ContentsA galaxy of stars – and planetsExoplanet discovery – and mysteryTypes of exoplanetsSo far scientists have categorized exoplanets into the following types: Gas giant, Neptunian, super-Earth and terrestrial.The planets beyond our solar system are called “exoplanets,” and they come in a wide variety of sizes, from gas giants larger than Jupiter to small, rocky planets about as big around as Earth or Mars. They can be hot enough to boil metal or locked in deep freeze. They can orbit their stars so tightly that a “year” lasts only a few days; they can orbit two suns at once. Some exoplanets are sunless rogues, wandering through the galaxy in permanent darkness.When we describe different types of exoplanets – planets outside our solar system – what do we mean by "hot Jupiters," "warm Neptunes," and "super-Earths"?
Astronomers Discover Planets in NASA Kepler's Final Days of Observations - NASA Science
NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which launched in April 2018, also uses the transit method, surveying large swaths of sky at a time. During August and September 2021, TESS observed the patch of space containing the three new Kepler planets. Astronomers were able to detect two more potential transits for K2-417 b.In October 2018, after nine years in space, NASA's Kepler Space Telescope reached the end of its mission. Earlier that year (April 2018), NASA's Transit Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite launched, taking the planet-hunting torch.“In many ways, Kepler passed the planet-hunting torch to TESS,” said Knicole Colón, the TESS project scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who worked on the Kepler mission for several years. “Kepler’s dataset continues to be a treasure trove for astronomers, and TESS helps give us new insights into its discoveries.”NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley managed the Kepler and K2 missions for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, managed Kepler mission development. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation in Boulder, Colorado, operated the flight system with support from the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado in Boulder.TESS is a NASA Astrophysics Explorer mission led and operated by MIT and managed by Goddard. Additional partners include Northrop Grumman, based in Falls Church, Virginia; NASA Ames; the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian in Cambridge, Massachusetts; MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory; and the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore.
Discovery Alert: The Planet that Shouldn't Be There – Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System
Discovery Alert: The Planet that Shouldn't Be There – Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System

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| September 19, 2023

Discovery Alert: The Planet that Shouldn't Be There

By Pat Brennan, NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program

Artist's rendering of planet 8 Ursae Minoris b – also known as "Halla" – amid the field of debris after a violent merger of two stars. The planet might have survived the merger, but also might be an entirely new planet formed from the debris. Image credit: W. M. Keck Observatory/Adam Makarenko

The discovery: A large planet is somehow orbiting a star that should have destroyed it.
Key facts: Planet 8 Ursae Minoris b orbits a star some 530 light years away that is in its death throes. A swollen red giant, the star would have been expected to expand beyond the planet’s orbit before receding to its present (still giant) size. In other words, the star would have engulfed and ripped apart any planets orbiting closely around it. Yet the planet remains in a stable, nearly circular orbit. The discovery of this seemingly impossible situation, relying on precise measurements using NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), shows that planet formation – and destruction – are likely far more intricate and unpredictable than many scientists might have thought.

The latest

Discovery Alert: Earth-sized Planet Has a 'Lava Hemisphere'

Discovery Alert: With Six New Worlds, 5,500 Discovery Milestone Passed!

Details: As stars like our Sun approach the ends of their lives, they begin to exhaust their nuclear fuel. They become red giants, expanding to their maximum size.
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A Presidential Commission headed by Edward C. “Pete” Aldridge, Jr. releases its report on implementation of The Vision for Space Exploration — NASA’s plans to return to the Moon, travel to Mars and Beyond.

X-43A Mishap Investigation July 23, 2003

The investigation board concluded no single factor led to the mishap, but pointed instead to design deficiencies.

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An independent panel of astronomers identified three options for NASA to consider in planning the transition from the Hubble Space Telescope to the James Webb Space Telescope at the start of the next decade.

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An independent board chaired by retired U.S. Navy Admiral Harold Gehman releases its findings and recommendations on the Feb. 1, 2003, loss of Columbia on mission STS-107. 

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Exoplanet Program: Exoplanet Program
K2 became fully operational in June 2014 and ended space operations in 2018. The Project successfully completed data processing and closeout in September 2020.

K2

After nine years in deep space collecting data that revealed our night sky to be filled with billions of hidden planets – more planets even than stars – NASA’s Kepler space telescope ran out of fuel needed for further science operations. In 2018, NASA retired the spacecraft within its current, safe orbit, away from Earth. Kepler leaves a legacy of more than 2,600 planet discoveries from outside our solar system, many of which could be promising places for life.

KEPLER 

The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) is a NASA-funded instrument that combines the light from the twin telescope mirrors to make high-resolution measurements of stars and galaxies and measure the emission from dust orbiting nearby stars.

LBTI

NN-EXPLORE is a partnership between NASA and the National Science Foundation to provide the astronomy community with the tools and access to conduct ground-based observations that advance exoplanet science, with particular emphasis on Kepler, K2, and TESS follow-up observations, as well as observations that inform future NASA missions.

NN-EXPLORE

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NExScI (NASA Exoplanet Science Institute) is a science operations and analysis service organization for NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program projects and the scientists and engineers that use them. 

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Missions - NASA Science
While Kepler was revolutionary in its finding that Earth-to-Neptune-sized planets are common, the bulk of the stars in the Kepler field lie at distances of hundreds to thousands of light-years, making it difficult to obtain ground-based follow-up observations for many systems.TESS is designed to survey more than 85% of the sky (an area of sky 400 times larger than covered by Kepler) to search for planets around nearby stars (within about 200 light-years). TESS stars are typically 30-100 times brighter than those surveyed by Kepler. Planets detected around these stars are therefore far easier to characterize with follow-up observations, resulting in refined measurements of planet masses, sizes, densities, and atmospheric properties.Artist's rendering of NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite.NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterJames Webb Space TelescopeWe took a bold step forward in 2021 with the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, the largest and most complex space science observatory ever built.This giant spacecraft could cover a typical tennis court with its sunshield. It launched from French Guiana on Dec. 25, 2021. Atop the sunshield is the largest primary mirror ever sent into space – some 6.5 meters (21 feet, 4 inches) across. Seeing the universe in infrared light, the Webb telescope is expected to become the premiere observatory of the decade, studying billions of years of the universe's history and reaching back nearly to the Big Bang. It can reveal details of the formation of planetary systems like our own, and even sample (via the rainbow spectrum of captured light) the composition of exoplanet atmospheres.Partnerships – from the ground upNASA works with partners across the country and around the world to investigate exoplanets – whether studying them from space or from the ground.Collaborating with ground-based telescope teams is essential. When the TESS space telescope captures evidence of a new exoplanet, observations from the ground not only can confirm its existence but tell us more about the planet itself. Measurements of the planet's "mass," or heft, can be combined with TESS' measurement of its diameter, yielding its density.
Stars in an Exoplanet World - NASA Science
Stars in an Exoplanet World - NASA Science

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