vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
James Webb Space Telescope - NASA Science
It studies every phase in the history of our Universe.active MissionFeatured ImageLatest NewsLatest ImagesWebb studies every phase in the history of our Universe, ranging from the first luminous glows after the Big Bang, to the formation of solar systems capable of supporting life on planets like Earth, to the evolution of our own Solar System. Webb launched on Dec. 25th 2021. It does not orbit around the Earth like the Hubble Space Telescope, it orbits the Sun 1.5 million kilometers (1 million miles) away from the Earth at what is called the second Lagrange point or L2. Mission TypeAstrophysicsPartnersNASA/ESA/CSALaunchDec 25, 2021Arrival at L2Jan 24, 2022Key Facts Fact SheetPremiere Telescope of Next Decade extending the tantalizing discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope.Folding DesignSo big it has to fold origami-style to fit in the rocket and will unfold like a “Transformer” in space.1.5 Million kmWebb orbits the Sun 1.5 million kilometers from the Earth. (Hubble orbits 560 kilometers above the Earth.)SPF 1 MillionWebb has a 5-layer sunshield that protects the telescope from the infrared radiation of the Sun, Earth, and Moon; like having sun protection of SPF 1 million.Unprecedented SensitivityiIt will peer back in time over 13.5 billion years to see the first galaxies born after the Big Bang.in the ISS.Featured Image/ArticleGalaxies Actively Forming in Early Universe Caught Feeding on Cold GasResearchers analyzing data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope have pinpointed three galaxies that may be actively forming when the universe was only 400 to 600 million years old. Webb’s data shows these galaxies are surrounded by gas that the researchers suspect to be almost purely hydrogen and helium, the earliest elements to exist in the cosmos. Webb’s instruments are so sensitive that they were able to detect an unusual amount of dense gas surrounding these galaxies. This gas will likely end up fueling the formation of new stars in the galaxies.This illustration shows a galaxy forming only a few hundred million years after the big bang, when gas was a mix of transparent and opaque during the Era of Reionization.
Education News & Blogs – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
If you are in the path of totality, it is safe to take off your eclipse glasses and look at the total eclipse only during totality. Be sure to put your glasses back on before the total phase ends and the surface of the Sun becomes visible again. Your viewing location during the eclipse will determine how long you can see the eclipse in totality. In the U.S., viewers can expect to see 3.5 to 5.5 minutes of totality. After totality ends, a partial eclipse will continue for 60 to 80 minutes, ending when the edge of the Moon moves off of the disk of the Sun. For more information about the start of the partial eclipse, the start and duration of totality, and the percentage of the Sun eclipsed outside the path of totality, find your location on this eclipse map. On April 8, NASA Television will host a live broadcast featuring expert commentary and views from telescopes along the path of totality. Tune into the broadcast from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. PDT (1 to 4 p.m. EDT) on the day of the eclipse. Join NASA as a total solar eclipse moves across North America on April 8. Tune in from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. PDT (1 to 4 p.m. EDT) for live views from across the path, expert commentary, live demos, and more. | Watch on YouTube What Solar Eclipses Mean for Science Solar eclipses provide a unique opportunity for scientists to study the Sun and Earth from land, air, and space, plus allow the public to engage in citizen science! NASA’s Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, or SOHO, constantly observes the outer regions of the Sun’s corona using a coronagraph. Image credit: ESA/NASA/SOHO | + Expand image Scientists measure incoming solar radiation, also known as insolation, to better understand Earth’s radiation budget – the energy emitted, reflected, and absorbed by our planet. Just as clouds block sunlight and reduce insolation, eclipses create a similar phenomenon, providing a great opportunity to study how increased cloud cover can impact weather and climate.
No FEAR Act - NASA
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NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010
So, sunspot sightings are a big deal right now.
With this in mind, this year's Sun Earth Day Observing Challenge has the following parts:
Observe a sunspot, any sunspot. Take a picture or draw a picture 
 as you sit at the eyepiece and send it in. We'll post it on our web site.
Hold a family astronomy night with magnetism as the theme. We have 
 lots of cool experiments on our web pages that you can demonstrate. 
 You might discuss Jupiter's large magnetosphere or what causes 
 auroras. If there are sunspots, start the party early and observe the sun!!
That's it! Send us the picture and a writeup about your family 
 astronomy night and we'll send you your NASA Sun Earth Day 2010 
 Observing Certificate.
Good Luck!

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Terra Views the Eclipse! (April 8) | Terra
But because of Terra’s unique morning orbit timing and scheduled location, the satellite’s wide view will capture the eclipse shadow in the early morning hours and over the ocean, limiting visible contrast but still recording important data to be later used in reconstructing this event. Check out the sections below for additional information and eclipse-viewing resources from NASA!

Projected swath in green shows Terra’s view of eclipse totality on April 8, 2024, over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Credit: Earth Observing System (EOS) / Terra Flight Dynamics System (FDS) 

NASA Eyes on Earth Interactive Tool

Want to learn more about where and when to view the upcoming full eclipse this April 8th? Check out NASA’s new Eclipse 2024 addition to their Eyes on Earth interactive graphic (click image to open tool webpage). 
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/VTAD

Other NASA Eclipse 2024 Resources 
For all things NASA Eclipse 2024 related, visit the official website here!
https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/future-eclipses/eclipse-2024/

‹ Top 2023 Terra & Earth Observatory Stories

 

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U.S. Student Research Symposia
GLOBE students in the United States have an opportunity to participate in a Regional Science Symposia (SRS), held annually in each of the six U.S. regions. The SRS is a great opportunity for students to present their research projects, receive reviews by scientists and peers, and network for potential future research collaborations.
 

 

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How Scientists Get Data
The information, or data, about our universe measured by the instruments aboard satellites are transferred to the ground and analyzed by scientists. The data can arrive in many forms and much processing is usually required before it can be used to "do science". This section will discuss the data, the typical processing, the final data archive, the scientific analysis process, and the final scientific results.

Getting Data from the Satellite to the Ground

There are three stages to getting the data from a satellite to the ground. First, you need to accumulate the data on the satellite. Then, when you get a chance, you zap it down as telemetry to one of the handful of receiving systems. From there, it has to get to the actual science center, typically using ordinary telecommunications lines.
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Have you ever wondered what data from a spacecraft actually look like? You may think that the picture you see from the Hubble Space Telescope or the Chandra X-ray Observatory is exactly what the satellite in orbit sends down to Earth, like broadcasts from a tv station, but that's not the case.
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Once your data is in a usable format, you will want to store the data in a place where astronomers from all over the world can access it.
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When you have data from a satellite in your hands in a useful format, you will next want to scrutinize that data in as many ways available.
Park Interpretive Programs
For more information visit the PORTS webpage linked to the PORTS title.
Agents of Discovery App: Agents of Discovery is a free, place-based augmented reality app easily played by families, individuals, or K-12 studients from their mobile device to explore the natural and cultural features of the state park they are visiting. The app allows users to further connect with and discover the unique resources of the state park they are visiting. At the park they fulfill engaging park-specific games (missions). The missions are free to play, and once downloaded, do not require WiFi or a data connection.Guide to Environmental Education Programs: If you would like to see if the above-mentioned programs are in your area, please click on the title link for more information.Interpretive Facilities: Information on various types of facilities available at parks throughout our state park system.

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Presentations given by Terra principal investigators and engineers during Terra’s 10th anniversary celebration in May 2011.
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A short course presented by Terra principal investigators to graduate students at La Scuola per la Societô dell’Informazione, in L’Aquila, Italy, in September 2002.
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A collection of presentations about Collection 6 (C6) from 2014 that outline the changes made to Levels 2 and 3 MODIS data.

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Earth Observatory web site The Earth Observatory offers current information about Earth science through images updated multiple times daily, articles, fact sheets, blogs, and animations. Experiments are activities for educators. The Global Maps section contains movies that show seasonal change in things like plant growth, cloud. The Images section offers satellite images that show new scientific findings, current events, or simple beauty.

 

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NASA - NSSDCA - Experiment - Details
During the close approach and sampling phase, AMICA will be used for high resolution surface imaging.Alternate NamesAMICAHayabusa/AMICAurn:nasa:pds:context:instrument:amica.hayFacts in BriefMass: 5.74 kgPower (avg): 16.3 WFunding AgencyInstitute of Space and Aeronautical Science, U of Tokyo (Japan)DisciplinePlanetary Science: Geology and GeophysicsAdditional InformationHayabusaData collections from this experiment
 Questions and comments about this experiment can be directed to:
 Dr. David R. Williams PersonnelNameRoleOriginal AffiliationE-mailDr. Tsuko NakamuraPrincipal InvestigatorNational Astronomical Observatory of Japantsuko@cc.nao.ac.jpSelected ReferencesNakamura, T., et al., Multi-band imaging camera and its sciences for the Japanese near-earth asteroid mission MUSES-C,
 Earth Planet. Space, 53, No. 11, 1047-1063, 2001.Saito, J., et al., Detailed Images of Asteroid 25143 Itokawa from Hayabusa,
 Science, 312, No. 5778, 1341-1344, June 2006.Ishiguro, M., et al., The Hayabusa Spacecraft Asteroid Multi-band Imaging Camera (AMICA),
 Icarus, 207, No. 2, 714-731, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.12.035, Jun. 2010.NSSDCA Master Catalog Search

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Cassini - July 19, 2013JPEG

 

MESSENGER - July 19, 2013PNG

On July 19, 2013, NASA spacecraft got not one but two rare and unique views of Earth from opposite ends of the solar system. While exploring Saturn, NASA’s Cassini spacecraft took the top image of Earth from a distance of about 1.45 billion kilometers (898 million miles) away. NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft was 98 million kilometers (61 million miles) from Earth, in orbit around Mercury, when it acquired the lower image.
The Cassini view is the third-ever image of Earth from the outer solar system. Views of Earth from distant planets are rare because our planet is so close to the Sun. Sunlight would damage the spacecraft's sensitive imagers, so they are rarely pointed homeward. On July 19, however, Cassini was positioned so that Saturn blocked the Sun’s light while Earth was within the spacecraft’s field of view. Sunlight glimmers around the giant planet’s limb and lights its icy, dusty rings. The sunlit Earth is light blue.
Skywatching FAQ
And even though the total amount of the Moon's surface illuminated by the Sun doesn't change, we see a different view of that half-lit, half-dark object each night. That changing view is what we perceive as the Moon's phases. You might ask why we always see the same side of the Moon if it's actually rotating, which is a great question. The reason for that is because the Moon rotates at the same rate as it orbits our planet – that is, both take about a month. Through an effect related to gravity and the forces that cause ocean tides, the Moon has become locked in this orientation, so that it always points the same side toward Earth. Some of the other moons of the solar system are also "tidally locked" to their planets like this as well.Why does the Moon rise and set at different times each day? The Moon rises, on average, about 50 minutes later each day during its month-long cycle. The reason is that the Moon is moving in its orbit around Earth. It takes about 27.5 days to make each orbit, and Earth spins beneath the Moon once every 24 hour day. Each day when Earth completes a full rotation, the Moon has moved a little bit in its orbit, so it doesn't rotate into view above the horizon until Earth rotates a little bit further. Looking at the Moon in the night sky, we see it move slightly (about 12-13 degrees) each night, toward the East, with respect to the fixed stars and slower moving planets.When is the best time to see Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Venus, Mercury? There are five planets you can easily see with the unaided eye. The best time to see them depends on whether their orbit is closer to the Sun than Earth's or farther away. Mercury and Venus are closer to the Sun, and they never appear to move too far away on the sky from our local star. Thus these two planets will always be seen near sunrise and sunset. Mercury is closest to the Sun, so it always rises or sets soon before or after the Sun. Venus orbits farther out than Mercury, so it lingers up to a couple of hours before or after the Sun comes and goes.