vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Juno - NASA Science
NASA has released several animations of JunoCam images, replicating the flight of Juno as it collected those shots, set to the music of Greek composer Vangelis (A "Flight" Over Jupiter - Mission Juno). The keyboardist won an Academy Award for his avant-garde “Chariots of Fire” film score in 1981, but the year before that he gained attention when Carl Sagan used his tune “Heaven and Hell” as a theme for “Cosmos: A Personal Voyage.” Vangelis’ 23rd and final studio album, released a few months before he died in 2022, was “Juno to Jupiter.” This video uses images from NASA’s Juno mission to recreate what it might have looked like to ride along with the Juno spacecraft as it performed its 27th close flyby of Jupiter on June 2, 2020. During the closest approach of this pass, the Juno spacecraft came within approximately 2,100 miles (3,400 kilometers) of Jupiter’s cloud tops. At that point, Jupiter’s powerful gravity accelerated the spacecraft to tremendous speed – about 130,000 mph (209,000 kilometers per hour) relative to the planet. Citizen scientist Kevin M. Gill created the video using data from the spacecraft’s JunoCam instrument. The sequence combines 41 JunoCam still images digitally projected onto a sphere, with a virtual “camera” providing views of Jupiter from different angles as the spacecraft speeds by.Image data: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSSImage processing: Kevin M. Gill © CC BYMusic: VangelisThe Juno mission also tasked science educator Bill Nye with bringing technical details of the project down to Earth, in the video series “Why with Nye: The Cool Stuff You Need to Learn About NASA’s Mission to Jupiter.” Aboard the spacecraft itself, in addition to scientific instruments, Juno is carrying items of historical and educational significance. The Italian Space Agency provided a plaque depicting astronomer Galileo Galilei and handwritten text copied from his journal. In the January 1610 entry, he described what would later be known as the Galilean moons, Jupiter’s largest satellites – Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Using a telescope he fashioned, Galileo spotted three points of light (and later a fourth) that stayed close to Jupiter, but didn’t move like the other stars.
Charlene Pfeifer - NASA Science
Currently, I’m ramping up in my new role as mission system verification and validation lead for Mars 2020.What have been some of your favorite projects to work on?My favorite project that I’ve worked on at JPL has been Juno, which was my first JPL flagship mission. I was the test conductor for the “Jupiter Orbit Insertion,” which was the moment Juno would go into orbit around Jupiter. I was responsible for conducting the tests and dry runs with all of the teams involved with this in JPL’s mission control room. Being a ground data systems engineer as well, I was involved in making sure that the workstations were appropriately set up for receiving data from Juno. The moment I spoke up in mission control to say, “All stations—TC,” —which means “All stations, this is the test conductor speaking,”—I literally had to pinch myself. It was knowing that in this room, I was about to orchestrate a process across different teams; that it was in this room that I had seen so many clips of engineers at NASA accomplish monumental feats since I was a kid.What has been your biggest professional challenge and how did you overcome it?When I chose to go into aerospace engineering in high school, I generalized that into working on “engineering” and “space.” I didn’t really understand until I was in college that there were different aspects of aerospace engineering that you could go into (e.g., aerodynamics, structural dynamics, thermal, electrical, software, etc.). There wasn’t really an area that I particularly liked or disliked –everything was really interesting to me. It was why I couldn’t decide whether to continue to graduate school because I wasn’t ready to commit to specializing in a particular field. I went into the aerospace industry and worked in various disciplines to find what I could call my specialty.
Juno - NASA Science
Vibrant colors of various tints and hues, combined with the almost organic-seeming shapes, make this image seem to be a colorized and crowded petri dish of microorganisms, or a close-up view of microscopic and wildly-painted seashells. The original JunoCam image was taken on July 10, 2017 at 7:10 p.m. PDT (10:10 p.m. EDT), as the Juno spacecraft performed its seventh close flyby of Jupiter. The spacecraft captured the image from about 8,648 miles (13,917 kilometers) above the tops of the clouds of the planet at a latitude of -32.6 degrees. Enhanced image by Mik Petter (CC-NC-SA) based on images provided courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSSCitizen scientist Rick Lundh created this abstract Jovian artwork using data from the JunoCam imager onboard NASA's Juno spacecraft. The original image captures a close-up view of numerous storms in the northern hemisphere of Jupiter. To produce this artwork, Lundh selected a more contrasting part of one of Jupiter's storms, then cropped the image and applied an oil-painting filter. Enhanced image by Rick Lundh based on images provided courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSSNASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Rick LundhThis color-enhanced image of a massive, raging storm in Jupiter's northern hemisphere was captured by NASA's Juno spacecraft during its ninth close flyby of the gas giant planet. The image was taken on Oct. 24, 2017 at 10:32 a.m. PDT (1:32 p.m. EDT). At the time the image was taken, the spacecraft was about 6,281 miles (10,108 kilometers) from the tops of the clouds of Jupiter at a latitude of 41.84 degrees. The spatial scale in this image is 4.2 miles/pixel (6.7 kilometers/pixel). The storm is rotating counter-clockwise with a wide range of cloud altitudes. The darker clouds are expected to be deeper in the atmosphere than the brightest clouds.
Juno - NASA Science
In space exploration, where every ounce of weight, second of observation time, and byte of data transmitted is precious, this visible-light, color camera was included on the spacecraft explicitly to reach out to the public – whom the Juno science team is embracing, even deputizing. Early in the mission, they invited amateur astronomers to weigh in, debate, and help plan where JunoCam should focus next. And they’ve encouraged researchers, photographers, artists, and anyone else to take Juno’s raw images to study, process, and play with them.  This image shows two of Jupiter's large rotating storms, captured by Juno's visible-light imager, JunoCam, passing over the planet on Juno's 38th orbit, on Nov. 29, 2021. This image was acquired at 50 degrees 5 minutes north latitude, at an altitude of 3,815 miles (6,140 kilometers). Atmospheric details as small as 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) can be discerned in the image. Bright "pop-up" clouds are visible above the lower storm, casting shadows on the cloud bank below. Although the pop-up clouds appear small in comparison to the large storm below, such clouds are typically 31 miles (50 kilometers) across. Citizen scientist Kevin M. Gill processed the image to enhance the color and contrast, using raw JunoCam data.Image data: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS Image processing: Kevin M. Gill CC BYSome of the pictures – after citizen scientists adjusted color or contrast – revealed cloud heights and other features that were hard to distinguish in the muted raw images coming straight from the spacecraft. Another contributor stitched together images of individual cyclones near the north pole; the complete picture surprised researchers, showing a pinwheel of complementary storms twirling around a central vortex. Others had more whimsical takes on the JunoCam views, turning Jupiter’s swirls into artwork that echoes Monet or VanGogh, or adding dreamlike figures or stark geometrics. Art+Science: A Sampler of Jupiter Images from JunoCamNASA’s Juno spacecraft was a little more than one Earth diameter from Jupiter when it captured this mind-bending, color-enhanced view of the planet’s tumultuous atmosphere.
Charlene Pfeifer - NASA Science
This was something that I really dove into and enjoyed, and was a big contributor to what I eventually studied.How did you end up working in the space program?I made the decision to study aerospace engineering at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. While there, I was able to land my first job with United Launch Alliance at Kennedy Space Center. That was an incredibly memorable time for me. I feel fortunate to have been able to work on launch operations for the space shuttle missions as they were heading toward retirement.Tell us about your job. What do you do?I am a systems engineer at JPL who plays a dual role: I work in both mission operations and in ground data systems. Mission operations involve developing the processes and procedures in how we operate our spacecraft. Ground data systems is a subset of that, specifically developing the software, tools and infrastructure to ensure we get data to and from our spacecraft. I like to think of this area as the way we humanize our technology.By nature, what we work with is both so technologically advanced and very, very far away to the point that it may even seem unrelatable to the general public. But it’s us in ground data systems who talk to our spacecraft, such as sending commands up and receiving exciting new discoveries down; it’s us in mission operations who give our spacecraft the character to explore everything from Earth to distant worlds, such as planning the next science objectives during the next orbital pass. Since I came to JPL in 2013, I’ve been involved in both mission operations and ground data systems through a variety of projects on lab, such as ST-7, Juno, Europa, and InSight. Currently, I’m ramping up in my new role as mission system verification and validation lead for Mars 2020.What have been some of your favorite projects to work on?My favorite project that I’ve worked on at JPL has been Juno, which was my first JPL flagship mission. I was the test conductor for the “Jupiter Orbit Insertion,” which was the moment Juno would go into orbit around Jupiter. I was responsible for conducting the tests and dry runs with all of the teams involved with this in JPL’s mission control room.
Student Project: 18 Ways NASA Uses Pi | NASA/JPL Edu
Just by determining how circular a given crater is – using pi and the crater’s perimeter and area – planetary geologists can reveal clues about how the crater was formed and the surface that was impacted.› Use pi like a NASA scientist to solve this puzzler!› Learn more about the image

17. Revealing what planets and asteroids are made of How do scientists find out what other planets and asteroids are made of if they can’t visit them in person? Using pi, of course. Planetary scientists use pi to determine the volume of rocky planets or asteroids. Volume, together with the object’s mass, tells them its density. And because planetary materials like rock, ice and metal have known densities, scientists can make informed guesses about what the planet or asteroid might be made of based on the object’s density. › Learn more about the image

18. Peering below Jupiter's clouds One of the ways that scientists study what’s happening inside the thick swirling clouds on gas giant planets, like Jupiter and Saturn, is by sending spacecraft that can analyze the chemical makeup of these worlds. Scientists then use pi in combination with the spacecraft sensor data to estimate the volume of materials in the planet’s atmosphere. For example, in 1995, the Galileo spacecraft dropped a probe into Jupiter and detected unusually low levels of helium in the upper atmosphere. After studying the data, scientists hypothesized that helium could be raining out of the upper level of Jupiter’s atmosphere and pi held the key to how much. Today, the Juno spacecraft, which arrived at Jupiter in 2016, is helping scientists get an even better picture of what’s going on inside the planet.› Use pi like a NASA scientist to solve this puzzler!
 

Related TagsAsteroidsCometsEarthExoplanetsJupiterMarsMissionsPiPi Dayspace travelEuropaIo FlybyDeep Space NetworkDSNPlutoRoversSaturnSmall BodiesSpacecraftSunUniverseJump To1. Parachuting on Mars2. Getting new perspectives on Saturn3. Mapping unexplored (and familiar) worlds4. Landing on Mars5. Exploring new worlds6. Discovering potentially habitable worlds7.
Educator Guide: Planetary Poetry | NASA/JPL Edu
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Mercury - NASA Science
Mercury StoriesExplore All Mercury StoriesArticle4 min readNASA’s Psyche Fires Up Its Sci-Fi-Worthy ThrustersArticle5 min readHow NASA Tracked the Most Intense Solar Storm in Decades5 min readNASA’s Juno Provides High-Definition Views of Europa’s Icy ShellArticle1 week ago19 min readThe Next Full Moon is the Flower, Corn, or Corn Planting MoonArticle1 week ago1 min readGood Night, MoonImage ArticleMercury13 ImagesGo To GalleryGo To GalleryPop CultureThe smallest planet in our solar system has a big presence in our collective imagination. Scores of science fiction writers have been inspired by Mercury, including Isaac Asimov, C. S. Lewis, Ray Bradbury, Arthur C. Clarke, and H. P. Lovecraft. Television and film writers, too, have found the planet an ideal location for storytelling. In the 2007 film "Sunshine," the Icarus II spacecraft goes into orbit around Mercury to rendezvous with the Icarus I.Learn MoreFor Kids: All About MercuryFacts about Mercury for kids.NASA Photojournal: MercuryImages of Mercury from spacecraft.Keep ExploringDiscover More Topics From NASASunFacts About EarthMarsJupiterReturn to topThe National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.About NASA's MissionJoin UsHomeNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+MissionsHumans in SpaceEarth & ClimateThe Solar SystemThe UniverseScienceAeronauticsTechnologyLearning ResourcesAbout NASANASA en EspañolFollow NASAMore NASA Social AccountsNASA NewslettersSitemapFor MediaPrivacy PolicyFOIANo FEAR ActOffice of the IGBudget & Annual ReportsAgency Financial ReportsContact NASAAccessibilityPage Last Updated:2 months agoPage Editor:SMD Content EditorsResponsible NASA Official for Science:Dana Bolles
Space History Is Made in This NASA Robot Factory
818-393-2433 andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.govAlana Johnson NASA Headquarters, Washington 202-672-4780 / 202-358-0668 alana.r.johnson@nasa.gov 
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Juno - NASA Science
It dashed toward Earth, pulled in by gravity, then sped away with greater energy than before. In this maneuver, called a gravity assist, Juno borrowed some momentum from Earth – which itself is hurtling through space around the Sun at 18 miles per second (29 kilometers per second). This slingshot effect boosted Juno’s velocity by 16,330 mph (about 7.3 kilometers per second), giving the spacecraft sufficient energy to climb away from the inner solar system and make it out to Jupiter.  Without the boost from gravity assist, Juno would have required a more powerful launch vehicle, or a more time-consuming voyage, to reach its destination. Juno Mission LaunchJuno lifts off for Jupiter on Aug. 5, 2011, aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral, FloridaGetting There  The many maneuvers needed to get the spacecraft from Earth to JupiterEarth and Moon, In PassingJuno's view when it returned to Earth for a gravity assist, hurling it the rest of the way to JupiterOrbital InsertionAfter a voyage of nearly five years and 1.7 billion miles (2.8 billion kilometers), Juno finally reached Jupiter and was scheduled to go into orbit on July 4, 2016. Now the Juno team had to hit the brakes, to give Jupiter’s gravity field a chance to ensnare the craft and bring it into orbit. The spacecraft needed to fire its main engine at precisely the right time and place. Too soon, it wouldn’t have enough fuel for a second chance. Too late, and Juno would speed past the planet, ending the science mission before it even began. During the Jupiter Orbit-Insertion phase, or JOI, the spacecraft had to complete an intricate series of critical steps on its own – turn away from the Sun, point in the correct direction relative to Jupiter, turn off unnecessary instruments that could interrupt the sequence, increase its rotation from 2 to 5 revolutions per minute (RPM) to help stabilize it, maintain communications with the enormous dish antennas of the Deep Space Network in Australia and California, and finally ignite the crucial 35-minute main-engine burn, to slow down Juno and guide it into orbit.
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