vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
New NASA Earth System Observatory to Help Address, Mitigate Climate Change - NASA
Surface Deformation and Change: Quantifying models of sea-level and landscape change driven by climate change, hazard forecasts, and disaster impact assessments, including dynamics of earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, glaciers, groundwater, and Earth’s interior.

NASA is currently initiating the formulation phase for the observatory. Among its first integrated parts is NASA’s partnership with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), which brings together two different kinds of radar systems that can measure changes in Earth’s surface less than a half-inch. This capability will be utilized in one of the observatory’s first missions intended as a pathfinder, called NISAR (NASA-ISRO synthetic aperture radar). This mission will measure some of the planet’s most complex processes such as ice-sheet collapse and natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides. NISAR can assist planners and decision makers with managing both hazards and natural resources in the future.
For more information about NASA’s Earth science programs, visit:
https://www.nasa.gov/earth
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Tylar Greene/Karen Fox
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-0030/301-286-6284
Tylar.j.greene@nasa.gov/karen.fox@nasa.gov

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News Around NOAA
50 years ago today, the South and part of the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys were devastated by one of the most significant weather events in U.S. history.

March 28, 2024 - National Weather Service launches new website for water prediction and products
This new hub for water data, products and services combines local and regional forecasts with water data and new national level capabilities, such as flood inundation maps and the National Water Model.

March 11, 2024 - El Niño brought drought relief to places that needed it most
One of the strongest El Niño events on record is starting to weaken as the winter of 2023-2024 enters its final days

March 7, 2024 -- NOAA Incident Meteorologists prepare for wildfire season
Fire weather training sharpens skills, ensures IMET readiness to keep firefighters safe

March 1, 2024 - A change of seasons: 2024 NWS Spring Safety Campaign
At the National Weather Service, we usher in each season with a slew of new safety tips and infographics on key pertinent weather hazards to keep everyone ahead of the storm.

February 7, 2024 - NOAA and Honeywell to explore use of HALAS upper-air data to aid in weather forecasting
Instrument will gather atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, similar to weather balloons

February 6, 2024 -- National Hurricane Center proposes changes to the tropical cyclone forecast cone graphic 
In August, NHC will begin issuing an experimental version of the cone graphic that includes watches and warnings for inland tropical storms and hurricanes.

January 17, 2024 - NOAA prepares GOES-U satellite for launch
Learn about the milestones the spacecraft must complete before liftoff this spring

January 12, 2024 - NWS launches new website to house the next generation of water forecast services and flood inundation maps
Access to water data and water prediction services from NOAA’s National Weather Service just got easier.

January 10, 2024 - Administration invests $34 million for NOAA fire weather research through Investing in America agenda
Funds will be used to improve early wildfire detection, support emergency response and keep wildland firefighters safe.

2023 News Around NOAA

 

December 19, 2023 - Holiday Weekend Forecast: Mild for Most, Storms for Some
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For now, primarily ocean water, and to some extent ecosystems on land, are taking up about half of our fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions. This behavior slows global warming by decreasing the rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide increase, but that trend may not continue. Warmer ocean waters will hold less dissolved carbon, leaving more in the atmosphere.

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See The Ocean’s Carbon Balance on the Earth Observatory.
On land, changes in the carbon cycle are more complicated. Under a warmer climate, soils, especially thawing Arctic tundra, could release trapped carbon dioxide or methane to the atmosphere. Increased fire frequency and insect infestations also release more carbon as trees burn or die and decay.
On the other hand, extra carbon dioxide can stimulate plant growth in some ecosystems, allowing these plants to take additional carbon out of the atmosphere. However, this effect may be reduced when plant growth is limited by water, nitrogen, and temperature. This effect may also diminish as carbon dioxide increases to levels that become saturating for photosynthesis. Because of these complications, it is not clear how much additional carbon dioxide plants can take out of the atmosphere and how long they could continue to do so.
The impact of climate change on the land carbon cycle is extremely complex, but on balance, land carbon sinks will become less efficient as plants reach saturation, where they can no longer take up additional carbon dioxide, and other limitations on growth occur, and as land starts to add more carbon to the atmosphere from warming soil, fires, and insect infestations. This will result in a faster increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and more rapid global warming. In some climate models, carbon cycle feedbacks from both land and ocean add more than a degree Celsius to global temperatures by 2100.
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Climate Change
https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/

	Learn more about climate change	

Climate Change - NASA Science

	https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change	

	global leader in studying Earth’s changing climate....Climate Change From the unique vantage point in space, NASA collects critical...critical...	

What Is Climate Change? - NASA Science

	https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/what-is-climate-change	

	Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have...local, regional and global climates. These changes have a broad...	

	5 Min Read	
What Are Climate and Climate Change? (Grades 5-8) - NASA
News Around NOAA
The new core of our global model comes from NOAA Research, and it's powering the future of forecasts using some impressive advances.

July 26, 2017 - Q&A with Polar Modeler Bob Grumbine
Bob Grumbine of the National Weather Service’s Environmental Modeling Center is one of hundreds of scientists working to improve weather and sea-ice forecasting in the Arctic and Antarctic through The Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP).

July 14, 2017 - WFO Los Angeles/Oxnard Provides Support to Emergency Managers Who Rescued 80 Children Trapped by Wildfire
During the incident, the NWS Weather Forecast Office Los Angeles/Oxnard provided critical fire weather forecast information to help the local emergency managers conduct the operation as safely as possible. During the evening of the event the NWS provided several written forecasts focusing specifically on that fire, as well as being in verbal contact to provide updates.

July 3, 2017 - Hazard Simplification changes set to be implemented
The first changes to the NWS Watch, Warning, and Advisory (WWA) system will be implemented on October 1 based on social science findings from the Hazard Simplification (Haz Simp) project. These initial changes will apply to some our winter WWA products only.

May 30, 2017 - NWS Leads #SafePlaceSelfie Campaign
If there was one extreme weather preparedness action you want your loved ones to take, what would it be? For many, that one action is to know ahead of time where their safe place is located. In early April, NWS offices encouraged their social media followers to take a “selfie” and post with the hashtag #SafePlaceSelfie.

May 5, 2017 - Building a “Hurricane-Ready Nation” One Community at a Time
The Pew Charitable Trusts’ flood-prepared communities’ (FPC) initiative is working to reduce the human impact and high cost of flooding and rebuilding that typically follows natural disasters in ways that help ensure communities don’t just build back, but build smarter.

April 25, 2017 - Weather-Ready Nation Reaches 5,000 Ambassadors
Fittingly, Weather-Ready Nation Ambassador number 5,000 comes from the heart of our nation.
NASA, IBM Research to Release New AI Model for Weather, Climate - NASA Science
These applications include detecting and improving models for severe weather patterns or natural disasters such as hurricanes. NASA’s Terra satellite acquired this image of Idalia in August 2023.NASA Earth ObservatoryBy Jessica BarnettWorking together, NASA and IBM Research have developed a new artificial intelligence model to support a variety of weather and climate applications. The new model – known as the Prithvi-weather-climate foundational model – uses artificial intelligence (AI) in ways that could vastly improve the resolution we’ll be able to get, opening the door to better regional and local weather and climate models.  Foundational models are large-scale, base models which are trained on large, unlabeled datasets and can be fine-tuned for a variety of applications. The Prithvi-weather-climate model is trained on a broad set of data – in this case NASA data from NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2)– and then makes use of AI learning abilities to apply patterns gleaned from the initial data across a broad range of additional scenarios.  “Advancing NASA’s Earth science for the benefit of humanity means delivering actionable science in ways that are useful to people, organizations, and communities. The rapid changes we’re witnessing on our home planet demand this strategy to meet the urgency of the moment,” said Karen St. Germain, director of the Earth Science Division of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. “The NASA foundation model will help us produce a tool that people can use: weather, seasonal and climate projections to help inform decisions on how to prepare, respond and mitigate.”  With the Prithvi-weather-climate model, researchers will be able to support many different climate applications that can be used throughout the science community. These applications include detecting and predicting severe weather patterns or natural disasters, creating targeted forecasts based on localized observations, improving spatial resolution on global climate simulations down to regional levels, and improving the representation of how physical processes are included in weather and climate models.“These transformative AI models are reshaping data accessibility by significantly lowering the barrier of entry to using NASA’s scientific data,” said Kevin Murphy, NASA’s chief science data officer, Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters.
Climate Change - NYSDEC
That carbon combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to form CO2. GHGs such as CO2, CH4, and N20 are also emitted as a result of other human activities such as farming, mining, manufacturing, certain industrial processes, and even the decomposition of organic waste in landfills.Forests, wetlands, peatlands, and similar ecosystems are known as carbon "sinks" because they naturally absorb and store carbon from the atmosphere in a process called carbon sequestration and storage. However, deforestation and the destruction of these ecosystems by human activity are causing the carbon stored in these natural sinks to be released, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations even more.

Levels of GHG emissions are measured and tracked by many countries around the world. See New York's latest report on statewide GHG emissions and their sources.

View Report 

Studying Climate ChangeChanges in global temperatures have been studied since the 19th century. Global surface temperatures in 2001-2020 are approximately 1.1°C (2.2°F) higher than in 1850-1900. Another way to think of this is to imagine the amount of energy you would need to generate to heat the entire planet by one degree. This may not seem like much, but 1.1°C of global warming can affect the climate of many regions around the world by increasing annual average temperatures and precipitation, which can have long-lasting impacts on the environment, the economy, and the way of life for much of the world's population. This warming from the 1.1°C change is not distributed equally over the planet, so some regions are warming more quickly than others and are resulting in much larger regional impacts. As GHG emissions continue to rise, simulations help scientists anticipate how much the climate will change if global warming does not slow down.Global surface temperature has increased faster since 1970 than in any other 50-year period over the last 2,000 years. In addition, global average sea levels have risen faster over the last century, than in any century over the last 3,000 years.