vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
8263 Search Results for "Climate Change"
https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/a-force-of-nature-hurricanes-in-a-changing-climate

	global climate models to predict storm intensity, and how climate change is having...Force of Nature: Hurricanes in a Changing Climate NASA Science...	

	15 Min Read	
Examining the Viability of Planting Trees to Help Mitigate Climate Change - NASA Science
https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/examining-the-viability-of-planting-trees-to-help-mitigate-climate-change

	possible strategy for mitigating climate change....Planting Trees to Help Mitigate Climate Change NASA Science Editorial Team Nov...reduce the...	

	8 Min Read	
Sea Change: Why Long Records of Coastal Climate Matter - NASA Science
https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/sea-change-why-long-records-of-coastal-climate-matter

	Understanding the Region’s Long-Term Climate Change Climate scientists will tell you a...a key challenge in studying climate change is the relative...	

	7 Min Read	
How Climate Change May Be Impacting Storms Over Earth's Tropical Oceans - NASA Science
https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/how-climate-change-may-be-impacting-storms-over-earths-tropical-oceans

	When NASA climate scientists speak in public, they’re often asked about possible...possible connections between climate change and extreme weather...	

	1 Min Read	
Graphic: Volcanoes and Climate Change - NASA Science
https://science.nasa.gov/resource/graphic-volcanoes-and-climate-change

	relationship between volcanoes and climate change....Graphic: Volcanoes and Climate Change March 31, 2023 Credit Photo by DIEGO...	

	2 Min Read	
Is Climate Change the Same as Global Warming - We Asked a NASA Scientist: Episode 46 - NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/is-climate-change-the-same-as-global-warming-we-asked-a-nasa-scientist-episode-46
Global Warming
Even if greenhouse gas concentrations stabilized today, the planet would continue to warm by about 0.6°C over the next century because of greenhouses gases already in the atmosphere.
See Earth’s Big Heat Bucket, Correcting Ocean Cooling, and Climate Q&A: If we immediately stopped emitting greenhouse gases, would global warming stop? to learn more about the ocean heat and global warming.

How Will Global Warming Change Earth?
The impact of increased surface temperatures is significant in itself. But global warming will have additional, far-reaching effects on the planet. Warming modifies rainfall patterns, amplifies coastal erosion, lengthens the growing season in some regions, melts ice caps and glaciers, and alters the ranges of some infectious diseases. Some of these changes are already occurring.

Global warming will shift major climate patterns, possibly prolonging and intensifying the current drought in the U.S. Southwest. The white ring of bleached rock on the once-red cliffs that hold Lake Powell indicate the drop in water level over the past decade—the result of repeated winters with low snowfall. (Photograph ©2006 Tigresblanco.)

Changing Weather
For most places, global warming will result in more frequent hot days and fewer cool days, with the greatest warming occurring over land. Longer, more intense heat waves will become more common. Storms, floods, and droughts will generally be more severe as precipitation patterns change. Hurricanes may increase in intensity due to warmer ocean surface temperatures.

Apart from driving temperatures up, global warming is likely to cause bigger, more destructive storms, leading to an overall increase in precipitation. With some exceptions, the tropics will likely receive less rain (orange) as the planet warms, while the polar regions will receive more precipitation (green). White areas indicate that fewer than two-thirds of the climate models agreed on how precipitation will change. Stippled areas reveal where more than 90 percent of the models agreed. (©2007 IPCC WG1 AR-4.)

It is impossible to pin any single unusual weather event on global warming, but emerging evidence suggests that global warming is already influencing the weather.
Climate Variability and Change Focus Area - NASA Science
Through this work, CVC hopes to better predict changes in the Earth’s climate from sub-seasonal to multi-decadal time scales.CVC peer-reviewed publicationsCVC Research QuestionsCVC addresses the following overarching questions:How can predictions of climate variability and change be improved?What is the role of atmospheric composition and clouds in the climate system?What changes are occurring in the mass and extent of Earth’s ice cover?How does global ocean circulation vary on a variety of temporal and spatial scales in response to climate variations?How is global sea level impacted by natural variability and human-induced changes in the Earth system, and how can we predict those changes?CVC Associated MissionsThe table below lists all the Earth missions that are relevant to the Climate Variability and Change focus area in all phases.Learn more about the meaning of mission phasesOperating SatellitesAquaCYGNSSGPMGRACE-FOICESat-2JPSS-1JPSS-2.PACESMAPSuomi NPPSWOTTerraTSIS-1 (ISS)Operating Suborbital/AirborneS-MODEIn Development SatellitesNISARTSIS-2 (ISS)Under Study SatellitesMCPast SatellitesACRIM IACRIM IIACRIM IIIAQUARIUSERBSGRACEICESatJason-1OSTM/Jason-2RapidScatSORCEPast Suborbital/AirborneOIBOMGSPURS-1, -2Learn more about CVCResearch ProgramsCryospheric Sciences ProgramThe Cryospheric Sciences Program supports basic research into the Earth’s sea- and land-based ice to understand how and why it is changing. Additionally, the program seeks to understand how changes in polar ice will affect global climate, sea level, and the polar environment. Supported studies use space-based, aircraft-based, and other remote sensing techniques to understand the factors controlling the retreat (shrinking) and advance (growth) of the world’s sea- and land-based ice and how polar ice interacts with the ocean, atmosphere, solid Earth, and solar radiation.
Climate Change - NYSDEC
Pathogens, such as harmful algal blooms and bacteria, can spread more easily in warmer waters, putting global water supplies, human and animal health, and economies that depend on the fishing industry, at risk.Ocean AcidificationHigh levels of GHGs in the atmosphere are not only increasing global warming and intensifying climate change but are also threatening the health of ocean life and ecosystems. The oceans play a crucial role in absorbing heat, but also in regulating the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The oceans have taken up almost 30% of total atmospheric CO2 emissions since 1980. CO2 reacts with ocean water to produce carbonic acid, which increases the acidity (lowers the pH) of ocean water. The more atmospheric CO2 levels rise, the more intensely ocean acidification will occur.While the ocean's ability to absorb CO2 helps to reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere, ocean acidification is impacting marine life and ecosystems, especially corals, plankton, shellfish, and other marine organisms with shells and skeletons composed of a mineral called calcium carbonate. Acidic water dissolves calcium carbonate, preventing these organisms from thriving and contributing to larger-scale impacts on ecosystems that rely on these organisms for survival.Human Influence on Climate Change

 

Where do excess GHGs in the atmosphere come from? Over the last century, human activity has been and still is the largest source of GHG emissions in the atmosphere.GHGs are released into the atmosphere largely through burning fossil fuels. CO2 is the most abundant GHG present in the atmosphere because fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas are composed mainly of carbon. When these fuels are burned to produce electricity, for heating, or in vehicles with internal combustion engines, carbon is released into the atmosphere. That carbon combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to form CO2. GHGs such as CO2, CH4, and N20 are also emitted as a result of other human activities such as farming, mining, manufacturing, certain industrial processes, and even the decomposition of organic waste in landfills.Forests, wetlands, peatlands, and similar ecosystems are known as carbon "sinks" because they naturally absorb and store carbon from the atmosphere in a process called carbon sequestration and storage.
May | 2012 | Terra
When it comes to numerical weather predictions, the microphysical aspect of cloud and precipitation and associated exchanges of latent heat are leading sources of uncertainty. In climate predictions, the role of clouds remain a leading source of uncertainty for any given anthropogenic change scenario. If we want to reduce our uncertainty in weather and climate predictions, we need to continue to study clouds. Terra provides a great suite of instruments for studying clouds.
You also use MISR to study aerosols.  What role do they play in weather?

Gray haze builds along the front of the Himalaya Mountains in northern India in this MISR image.
LDG: To a lesser extent than clouds, aerosols also regulate the amount of sunlight reaching the ground. For example, in the absence of fog, it is the variability in aerosols that contribute the most to the variability in visibility. But perhaps more importantly in terms of their role in weather, is the fact that water vapor condenses onto aerosols to form clouds at a relative humidity near 100%. Without aerosols, hundreds of percent relative humidity is required for water vapor to condense to form clouds. So without aerosols, there would be very few clouds. Fortunately, there are plenty of aerosols provided by nature. The properties of these aerosols can modulate the properties of clouds, including the microphysical properties of clouds, rain production, cloud cover, and cloud lifetimes. There are also cloud processes that modify aerosol properties. This interaction between cloud and aerosol properties is currently a hot topic in atmospheric science research, and Terra data continues to contribute greatly toward our understanding of this interaction.
Another role that aerosols play is in the quality of air that we breathe. The acute and chronic health impacts, predominately to our respiratory and cardiovascular systems, from short and long-term exposure to aerosols are now well established. The World Health Organization has established air quality guidelines, which includes exposure levels in terms of the size range of airborne particulate matter. The particle size is a determinant in where and how it gets deposited in the respiratory system.   Since most humans live on land, observing aerosols over land is of primary importance.
May | 2012 | Terra
The condition of the atmosphere is often described in terms of such variables as temperature, pressure, humidity, wind, visibility, cloudiness, and precipitation.
Climate is a statistical summary of the weather at a given location over a long period of time, several decades for example. The statistical summary is often conveyed to the public in terms of the average weather and the weather extremes at a given location over the historic data record.
As an example of weather: on August 25, 2011, at 5:00 pm over Urbana, Illinois, it was sunny with a temperature of 28°C and a relative humidity of 49%.
As an example of climate: the average temperature for the month of January in Chicago, Illinois, is -5.9°C.
You use multiple Terra instruments (ASTER, MISR, and MODIS) to study cloud properties such as cloud-top-heights.  Why is it important to study clouds?
LDG: Sunlight is our ultimate source of energy. Clouds, which cover about 68% of the globe, regulate the incident amount of sunlight reaching the surface and they contribute to the greenhouse effect more than any other atmospheric variable. Clouds are also an important component of the hydrological cycle, coupling the atmosphere and the ground through precipitation. During the life cycle of a cloud, there’s a large exchange of latent heat (the energy associated with a phase change in water) between the cloud and the environment. This exchange of latent heat impacts the dynamics of the atmosphere, hence the evolution of the weather. So clouds play a significant role in weather and climate that impacts our lives.
Given the significant role of clouds, it’s important that we understand their properties, how their properties evolve in space and time, and how to properly treat them within our computer models that make weather and climate predictions. When it comes to numerical weather predictions, the microphysical aspect of cloud and precipitation and associated exchanges of latent heat are leading sources of uncertainty. In climate predictions, the role of clouds remain a leading source of uncertainty for any given anthropogenic change scenario. If we want to reduce our uncertainty in weather and climate predictions, we need to continue to study clouds. Terra provides a great suite of instruments for studying clouds.
You also use MISR to study aerosols.
New NASA Earth System Observatory to Help Address, Mitigate Climate Change - NASA
The Biden-Harris Administration’s response to climate change matches the magnitude of the threat: a whole of government, all hands-on-deck approach to meet this moment,” said NASA Administrator Sen. Bill Nelson. “Over the past three decades, much of what we’ve learned about the Earth’s changing climate is built on NASA satellite observations and research. NASA’s new Earth System Observatory will expand that work, providing the world with an unprecedented understanding of our Earth’s climate system, arming us with next-generation data critical to mitigating climate change, and protecting our communities in the face of natural disasters.”
The observatory follows recommendations from the 2017 Earth Science Decadal Survey by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, which lays out ambitious but critically necessary research and observation guidance.
Areas of focus for the observatory include:

Aerosols: Answering the critical question of how aerosols affect the global energy balance, a key source of uncertainty in predicting climate change.
Cloud, Convection, and Precipitation: Tackling the largest sources of uncertainty in future projections of climate change, air quality forecasting, and prediction of severe weather.
Mass Change: Providing drought assessment and forecasting, associated planning for water use for agriculture, as well as supporting natural hazard response.
Surface Biology and Geology: Understanding climate changes that impact food and agriculture, habitation, and natural resources, by answering open questions about the fluxes of carbon, water, nutrients, and energy within and between ecosystems and the atmosphere, the ocean, and the Earth.
Surface Deformation and Change: Quantifying models of sea-level and landscape change driven by climate change, hazard forecasts, and disaster impact assessments, including dynamics of earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, glaciers, groundwater, and Earth’s interior.

NASA is currently initiating the formulation phase for the observatory. Among its first integrated parts is NASA’s partnership with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), which brings together two different kinds of radar systems that can measure changes in Earth’s surface less than a half-inch. This capability will be utilized in one of the observatory’s first missions intended as a pathfinder, called NISAR (NASA-ISRO synthetic aperture radar).
Climate Change
Sonoma County coordinates its larger adaptation and mitigation efforts through the Sonoma County Regional Climate Protection Authority. This agency, which brings county and city leaders together on a variety of climate-related issues, commissioned experts from the North Bay Climate Adaptation Initiative to develop a local assessment of climate risks. The resulting report, “Climate Ready Sonoma County,” provides an important blueprint for adapting to climate change locally at both the individual and societal level.
A local and global mandate
The Sonoma County Board of Supervisors has joined governments around the world in designating climate change as a global emergency requiring immediate and urgent action. As a result, climate action and resiliency is now a strategic plan pillar for Sonoma County, and all county agencies, including Regional Parks, are committed to becoming “carbon neutral” — meaning they are not adding more greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere — by 2030. To help us meet that goal, Regional Parks is assessing its carbon output and devising ways to reduce emissions agency-wide.
Meanwhile, Regional Parks continues to use stewardship practices — such as removing fuels and restoring habitat — that over time increase and maximize carbon sequestration in Sonoma County’s parks and preserves. We also work with local agencies like Sonoma County Ag + Open Space and Sonoma Land Trust to permanently preserve more open space, where we can further those good stewardship practices into the future.
What can I do?
It’s important that we all act responsibly on an individual level by wasting less, recycling and conserving more, switching to renewable energy sources, walking, biking and taking public transit, and of course by supporting the growth and preservation of local parkland.
However, long-term solutions to climate change will also require stronger action by larger entities, such as governments and corporations, around the country and the world. Scientists say there is still time to fix our climate change emergency, but only if we act immediately, decisively and comprehensively.
That means using every means at our disposal — including expanding, improving and preserving our precious open space.

 

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Global Warming
Greenhouse gases are long-lived, so the planet will continue to warm and changes will continue to happen far into the future, but the degree to which global warming changes life on Earth depends on our decisions now.

References
Anthes, R.A., Corell, R.W., Holland, G., Hurrell, J.W., MacCracken, M.C., & Trenberth, K. (2010, February 12). Hurricanes and Global Warming—Potential Linkages and Consequences. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 87: 623-628. Accessed April 15, 2010.
Arctic Council. (2004). Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Report. Accessed March 22, 2007.
Balachandran, N., Rind, D., Lonergan, P., & Shindell, D. (1999). Effects of solar cycle variability on the lower stratosphere and the troposphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(D22), 27, 321-327, 339.
Bender, M. A., Knutson, T. R., Tuleya, R. E., Sirutis, J. J., Vecchi, G. A., Garner, S. T., and Held, I. M. (2010). Modeled Impact of Anthropogenic Warming on the Frequency of Intense Atlantic Hurricanes. Science, 327(5964), 454-458.
Bonan, G. B. (2008). Forests and Climate Change: Forcings, Feedbacks, and the Climate Benefits of Forests. Science, 320(5882), 1444-1449.
Cazenave, A. (2006). How fast are the ice sheets melting? Science, 314, 1251-1252.
Clement, A.C., Burgman, R., Norris, J.R. (2009, July 24) Observational and model evidence for positive low-level cloud feedback. Science, 325 (5939), 460-464.
Dessler, A., Zhang, Z., Yang, P. (2008, October 23).
Climate Change - NASA Science
The purpose  is to enhance NASA capabilities in Earth science, with an emphasis on weather and climate prediction, and to enable future scientific discoveries that will benefit humankind.GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP)NASA’s Goddard Institute of Space Studies assembles one of the world's most trusted global temperature records, using a combination of surface air temperature data acquired by tens of thousands of meteorological stations, as well as sea surface temperature data from ship- and buoy-based instruments.NASA Earth Exchange (NEX)NEX combines state-of-the-art supercomputing, Earth system modeling, and NASA remote sensing data feeds to deliver a work environment for exploring and analyzing terabyte- to petabyte-scale datasets covering large regions, continents or the globe.Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GMAO members perform research, develop models and assimilation systems, and produce quasi-operational products in support of NASA's missions. The Goddard Earth Observing System" (GEOS) family of models is used for applications across a wide range of spatial scales, from kilometers to many tens of kilometers. World of ChangeNASA Earth Observatory has produced a collection of image series that show some features of Earth that have changed over time due to both natural and human-induced causes.Learn MoreThis false-color image, captured by the Landsat 8 satellite, shows Alaska's Columbia Glacier and the surrounding landscape following the more than 20 kilometer retreat of the glacier between 1986 and 2019.Credit: NASA Earth ObservatoryReturn to topThe National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.About NASA's MissionJoin UsHomeNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+MissionsHumans in SpaceEarth & ClimateThe Solar SystemThe UniverseScienceAeronauticsTechnologyLearning ResourcesAbout NASANASA en EspañolFollow NASAMore NASA Social AccountsNASA NewslettersSitemapFor MediaPrivacy PolicyFOIANo FEAR ActOffice of the IGBudget & Annual ReportsAgency Financial ReportsContact NASAAccessibilityPage Last Updated:3 weeks agoPage Editor:SMD Content EditorsResponsible NASA Official for Science:Dana Bolles
Earth Science
These studies help us learn how Earth's land, oceans, and atmosphere work separately and in concert, and how they directly affect our lives.Armed with sophisticated instruments on the ground, in the seas, in the air, and in space, NASA gathers images and data that help with real-world applications that include developing weather forecasts, climate trends, shipping routes, and disaster recovery plans.For example, because two-thirds of our planet is covered by water, tracking the movement of water is vital to monitoring the health of people and ecosystems. Too much water, or too little, can wreak havoc by leading to floods or droughts. Among the missions that JPL manages are satellites that monitor minute changes in Earth’s gravitational field, allowing scientists to track the movement of water around the world. That information helps researchers monitor droughts, ocean current, and even how human activities like watering agricultural fields can affect water levels in aquifers where water is stored underground.How Earth Science Helps in DisastersWhen a natural disaster such as a hurricane, wildfire, or earthquake strikes, chances are good that NASA has an instrument in the air, in space, or on the ground that can gather images and data on affected areas. This information is often a crucial help for emergency responders. JPL-managed instruments and satellites frequently provide data that for the NASA Earth Applied Sciences Disasters Program, which makes data user-friendly and accessible for various civil protection agencies and organizationsFor instance, during the colossal 2020 fire season in the western U.S., researchers flew a sophisticated radar instrument over parts of California. The instrument mapped the most intense/biggest infernos, located burned structures, and identified areas most at risk of post-fire landslides and debris flows during seasonal rains. A satellite-based instrument monitored carbon monoxide plumes rising from the raging wildfires. And an instrument perched on the International Space Station mapped surface temperatures during the record-breaking heat wave that coincided with the historic wildfire outbreak in California. 
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