vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
NASA - NSSDCA - NMC - Data Collection - Query Results
IMAGING EDR V1.0 (PDS)Phobos 2:Scanning Infrared Radiometer (Thermoscan)PHOBOS 2 MARS VSK-FREGAT EDR V1.0 (PDS)Phobos 2:Videospectrometric System (VSK)STOOKE SMALL BODIES MAPS V1.0 (PDS)Galileo Orbiter:Solid-State Imaging (SSI)NEAR Shoemaker:NEAR Multispectral Imager (MSI)Mars Global Surveyor:Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC)Stardust/NExT:Imaging and Navigation CameraHayabusa:Asteroid Multi-band Imaging Camera (AMICA)Mars Express:Super/High-Resolution Stereo Color Imager (HRSC)Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter:High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE)GASKELL PHOBOS SHAPE MODEL V1.0 (PDS)Viking 2 Orbiter:Orbiter ImagingSTOOKE SMALL BODIES MAPS V2.0 (PDS)Galileo Orbiter:Solid-State Imaging (SSI)NEAR Shoemaker:NEAR Multispectral Imager (MSI)Mars Global Surveyor:Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC)Stardust/NExT:Imaging and Navigation CameraHayabusa:Asteroid Multi-band Imaging Camera (AMICA)Mars Express:Super/High-Resolution Stereo Color Imager (HRSC)Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter:High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE)STOOKE SMALL BODIES MAPS V3.0 (PDS)Phobos 2:Videospectrometric System (VSK)Galileo Orbiter:Solid-State Imaging (SSI)NEAR Shoemaker:NEAR Multispectral Imager (MSI)Mars Global Surveyor:Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC)Stardust/NExT:Imaging and Navigation CameraHayabusa:Asteroid Multi-band Imaging Camera (AMICA)Mars Express:Super/High-Resolution Stereo Color Imager (HRSC)Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter:High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE)Deep Space 1:Miniature Integrated Camera Spectrometer (MICAS)Rosetta:Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System (OSIRIS)Deep Impact/EPOXI:High Resolution Instrument (HRI)Deep Impact/EPOXI:Medium Resolution Instrument (MRI)Gaskell
Guides | NASA eClips
Students then use maps of the moon to identify lunar surface geography, comparing lunar landforms to similar ones on Earth. They learn how NASA uses satellite technology, such as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, to learn more about the moon. 

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 Our World: Designing a Cloud Cover Estimator 

 Students think and act like engineers and scientists as they follow five steps of a Design Process to successfully complete a team challenge. Students view the NASA Spotlite Clouds video that corrects the misconception that: a cloud's only purpose is to produce precipitation. Within this work, students design, measure, build, test, and re-design a cloud cover estimator to measure the amount of cloud cover in the sky. Once the cloud cover estimator is built, students discuss the role clouds play in Earth's energy budget. 

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 Our World: Designing a Shower Clock 

 Designing a Shower Clock allows students to think and act like engineers and scientists as they follow the five steps of the Design Process to successfully complete a team challenge. Within this work, students design, measure, build, test and re-design a shower clock. Once the shower clock is built, students discuss ways to conserve and recycle water. 

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 Our World: Dirt 

 Dirt guides students to use two separate KHWL (Know-How I Know- Want to Know- Learn) charts to organize their knowledge of Earth's soil and moon dirt. Working in teams, students create several slides of Earth soil for analysis. Through NASA eClips(TM) video segments, students review the rock cycle for rocks on Earth and learn about three types of lunar rocks. Students analyze simulated lunar regolith to make inferences about the formation of regolith. Student understanding is assessed using overlapping circle Venn diagrams. 

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 Our World: Insulators 

 Insulators introduces students to thermal insulating properties of different materials. Students review their understanding of insulators and conductors and extend this understanding to the Hubble Space Telescope's thermal blanket. They work in teams to test the insulating properties of cups made of three different materials and use the design process to improve the insulating properties of the best performing insulator from their previous experiment.
Spotlite | | NASA eClips
Spotlite: Sun's Position 

 Spotlite: Characteristics of Plants 

 Spotlite: Plant Adaptations to Seasonal Change 

 Spotlite: Plant Adaptations to Seasonal Change 

 Spotlite: Density 

 Spotlite: Gas and Mass 

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 Spotlite: Light 

 Spotlite: Magnets and Metals 

 Spotlite: Magnets and Metals 

 Spotlite: Mass & Weight 

 Spotlite: Movement of Molecules 

 Spotlite: Movement of Molecules 

 Spotlite: Objects at Rest 

 Spotlite: Objects at Rest 

 Spotlite: Physical Change 

 Spotlite: Sound Waves & Media 

 Spotlite: Moon Phases and Shadows 

 Spotlite: Planets 

 Spotlite: Stars 

 NASA SME2: How Can Women Be Successful in a STEM Career? 

 NASA SME2: How Do You Become an Astrophysicist? 

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 NASA SME2: How Does the Composition of a Comet Tell Us Our History? 

 NASA SME2: How Far Can We See Past Earth's Atmosphere? 

 NASA SME2: Is There Pressure in Outer Space? 

 NASA SME2: What are Bioindicators? 

 NASA SME2: What is the Best Part of Being a Scientist? 

 NASA SME2: Why Did You Become a Scientist? 

 NASA SME2: Why Do Scientists Use Models? 

Characteristics of Plants
Students often have a difficult time understanding that plants are organisms.

 

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Plants are Alive
 Student producers from Hampton City Schools, in Hampton, Virginia, confront the misconception that plants are not living. 

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NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details

Saturday, 25 May 2024

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 2013-063ADescriptionMAVEN launched successfully on 18 November 2013 at 18:28 UT (1:28 p.m. EST) from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission is designed to explore Mars' upper atmosphere and ionosphere, and interactions with the solar wind, specifically to determine the loss of volatile compounds to space through time and how it has affected the history of Mars' atmosphere and climate. MAVEN has four primary scientific objectives: (1) Determine the role that loss of volatiles from the Mars atmosphere to space has played through time; (2) determine the current state of the upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with the solar wind; (3) determine the current rates of escape of neutral gases and ions to space and the processes controlling them; and, (4) determine the ratios of stable isotopes that will tell Mars' history of loss through time. MAVEN is part of NASA's Mars Scout program.

Spacecraft and Subsystems

The MAVEN spacecraft consists of a cubic primary central structure with two solar panel "wings". The central structure is 2.3 x 2.3 m and 2 m high, constructed of panels of aluminum honeycomb sandwiched between graphite composite face sheets. A 1.3-m diameter cylindrical propellant tank is at the center of the structure and acts as the primary vertical load-bearing structure. The tank can hold 1640 kg of hydrazine. A payload of eight instruments is mounted on the spacecraft: Magnetometer, Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer, Langmuir Probe and Waves, Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrometer, Solar Wind Electron Analyzer, Solar Wind Ion Analyzer, Solar Energetic Particles, and a SupraThermal And Thermal Ion Composition.

MAVEN launched on an Atlas V 401 with a single-engine Centaur upper stage on 18 November 2013 at 18:28 UT. It reached Mars and entered orbit, completing its orbit insertion burn at 2:24 UT on 22 September 2014 (10:24 p.m. EDT, Sept. 21).
Imagine the Universe!
The closer two objects can be while still allowing the telescope to see them as two distinct objects, the higher the resolution of the telescope.
resolution (spectral or frequency)
Similar to spatial resolution except that it applies to frequency, spectral resolution is the ability of the telescope to differentiate two light signals which differ in frequency by a small amount. The closer the two signals are in frequency while still allowing the telescope to separate them as two distinct components, the higher the spectral resolution of the telescope.
resonance
A relationship in which the orbital period of one body is related to that of another by a simple integer fraction, such as 1/2, 2/3, 3/5.
retrograde
The rotation or orbital motion of an object in a clockwise direction when viewed from the north pole of the ecliptic; moving in the opposite sense from the great majority of solar system bodies.
revolution
The movement of one celestial body which is in orbit around another. It is often measured as the "orbital period."
Right Ascension
A coordinate which, along with declination, may be used to locate any position in the sky. Right ascension is analogous to longitude for locating positions on the Earth.
Ritter, Johann Wilhelm (1776 - 1810)
Ritter is credited with discovering and investigating the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Roche limit
The smallest distance from a planet or other body at which purely gravitational forces can hold together a satellite or secondary body of the same mean density as the primary. At less than this distance the tidal forces of the larger object would break up the smaller object.
Roche lobe
In a binary star system, the volume around a star within which matter is gravitationally bound to that star. That is, if you were to release a particle within the Roche lobe, it would fall back onto the surface of that star. The point at which the Roche lobes of the two stars touch is called the inner Lagrangian or L1 point. If a star in a close binary system evolves to the point at which it `fills' its Roche lobe, material from this star will overflow onto the companion star (via the L1 point) and into the environment around the binary system.
Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845 - 1923)
Dr. David J. Diner | Terra
In addition, he is currently principal investigator for the first and second generation Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imagers (AirMSPI, AirMSPI-2) and the Earth Venture Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols (MAIA), which is currently in development for a planned 2022 launch. Diner is currently a senior research scientist at JPL with an interest in remote sensing instrument development; atmospheric optics; aerosol climate, environmental, and human health impacts; and planetary atmospheres.
Awards received include the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal for aerosol scientific leadership, the One NASA Peer Award, the NASA Space Act Award, the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal for MISR, several NASA group achievement awards, and the American Association for Aerosol Research Benjamin Liu Award for outstanding contributions to aerosol instrumentation and experimental techniques.
Diner has a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from the State University of New York at Stony Brook and advanced degrees (Master of Science and Ph.D.) in planetary science and geology from the California Institute of Technology.

 

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Spotlite | | NASA eClips
Spotlite: Sun's Position 

 Spotlite: Characteristics of Plants 

 Spotlite: Plant Adaptations to Seasonal Change 

 Spotlite: Plant Adaptations to Seasonal Change 

 Spotlite: Density 

 Spotlite: Gas and Mass 

 Spotlite: Heat & Temperature 

 Spotlite: Light 

 Spotlite: Magnets and Metals 

 Spotlite: Magnets and Metals 

 Spotlite: Mass & Weight 

 Spotlite: Movement of Molecules 

 Spotlite: Movement of Molecules 

 Spotlite: Objects at Rest 

 Spotlite: Objects at Rest 

 Spotlite: Physical Change 

 Spotlite: Sound Waves & Media 

 Spotlite: Moon Phases and Shadows 

 Spotlite: Planets 

 Spotlite: Stars 

 NASA SME2: How Can Women Be Successful in a STEM Career? 

 NASA SME2: How Do You Become an Astrophysicist? 

 NASA SME2: How Do You Study Stars? 

 NASA SME2: How Does the Composition of a Comet Tell Us Our History? 

 NASA SME2: How Far Can We See Past Earth's Atmosphere? 

 NASA SME2: Is There Pressure in Outer Space? 

 NASA SME2: What are Bioindicators? 

 NASA SME2: What is the Best Part of Being a Scientist? 

 NASA SME2: Why Did You Become a Scientist? 

 NASA SME2: Why Do Scientists Use Models? 

Movement of Molecules
Students often have a difficult time understanding that particles in a solid are moving.

 

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Movement of Molecules in a Solid
 A student-created NASA Spotlite video from Arlington Public Schools in Arlington, Virginia, address the misconception that particles in a solid are not moving. 

Related Resources

Spotlite Interactive Lesson: Movement of Molecules (Grades 5-8) - Teacher Packet.
 

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Movement of Molecules
 Student producers from Michigan confront the misconception that molecules in a solid are not moving. 

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TerrestresSistema SolarUniversoScience All NASA ScienceEarth SciencePlanetary ScienceAstrophysics & Space ScienceThe Sun & HeliophysicsBiological & Physical SciencesLunar ScienceCitizen ScienceAstromaterialsAeronautics ResearchHuman Space Travel ResearchExploreSearchSubmitNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+Focus AreasFocus OverviewPlanetary ProcessesVolatile CyclesImpact History of Earth/MoonRecord of the Ancient SunBiological Systems on the MoonPhysical Sciences on the MoonPlatform to the UniverseElementsElements OverviewCommercial Lunar Payload ServicesLunar Instrument DevelopmentSmallSats and CubeSatsLunar Surface Science Mobility StrategyLunar Reconnaissance OrbiterApollo Next Generation Sample AnalysisCLPS DeliveriesCLPS Deliveries OverviewTO2-ABTO2-IMTO19DTO20A (VIPER)PRIME-1CP-11CP-12CS-3ResourcesDataExplore This SectionFocus AreasElementsCLPS DeliveriesResourcesDataLunar DiscoveryIn the Science Mission Directorate (SMD), the Exploration Science Strategy Integration Office (ESSIO) ensures science is infused into all aspects of lunar exploration.In the Science Mission Directorate (SMD), the Exploration Science Strategy Integration Office (ESSIO) ensures science is infused into all aspects of lunar exploration. Through researching the Moon and its environment, and by using the Moon as an observation platform, NASA strives to gain a greater understanding of the Moon itself, the solar system, the universe, and the deep space environment. ESSIO integrates goals of the National Academy’s Decadal Surveys as well as other scientific community documents with the priorities of the Agency into a comprehensive strategy for lunar science. Our office is tasked with the integration of science into Artemis and the Moon to Mars architecture. ESSIO leads integration between SMD Divisions, NASA Mission Directorates, other government agencies, international partners, as well as the broad scientific and commercial communities.This integration is accomplished through development of instruments/payloads, leading cross-directorate activities, fostering international partnerships, and creating innovative methods of sending payloads to the lunar surface with commercial entities.  On June 10th, 2011, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) captured this striking image of the Tycho crater.
Sistema solar - NASA Ciencia
a los futuros astronautas en el planeta rojo.Glosario de la NASAExplora nuestra serie de videos que explican de manera breve y sencilla diversos términos científicos, desde agujeros negros y ondas gravitacionales hasta pareidolia, año luz, El Niño, y mucho más.Nueva tripulación para viaje simulado a Marte de la NASADos hispanohablantes fueron seleccionados para la próxima misión análoga al planeta rojo; Stephanie Navarro integra la tripulación principal y José Baca, la de reserva.Científicos van tras del eclipse solar total con aviones de la NASATres equipos de investigadores enviarán sus instrumentos científicos a bordo de los aviones jet WB-57 de la NASA para hacer mediciones del eclipse.Proyectos científicos financiados por la NASA sintonizarán ‘Radio Eclipse’Tres experimentos investigarán los efectos del eclipse en la ionosfera mediante el poder de la radioEclipses solares: Preguntas frecuentesEncuentra la respuesta a tu pregunta sobre eclipses
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Virtual Vocabulary | NASA eClips
topproperty - A property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured. topprototype - A prototype is an original or model on which something is based. toppulley - A pulley is a wheel with a rope, chain, or belt passed over it. A load is attached to one end of the rope and the other end is pulled. A single pulley lets you change the direction of the pull. A set of pulleys makes it possible to lift heavy loads with less effort. toppulsar - A pulsar is a rotating neutron star which generates regular pulses of radiation. toppulse rate - A pulse rate is how many times a heart beats in one minute. topqqualitative data - Qualitative data are sets of information that describe attributes. topquantitative data - Quantitative data are values that can be counted or measured. toprR-value - The R-value measures a material's insulating properties. topradiation - Radiation is the transfer of heat through space. Radiation is a form of energy that is emitted in the form of rays, electromagnetic waves, and/or particles. In some cases, radiation can be seen (visible light) or felt (infrared radiation), while other forms--like x-rays and gamma rays--are not visible and can only be observed with special equipment. toprange - Range is a set of different things of the same general type. Example: Stars are found in a range of colors. toprarefaction - Rarefaction is the process of molecules becoming more spread out (as opposed to compression). topratio - A ratio is a comparison of two quantities. topreaction - A reaction is a chemical process in which substances combine and change, such as heating iron and sulfur together to produce iron sulfide. toprecycled - Used materials that are made into new products are called recycled materials. Recycling reduces the waste of useful materials, and it reduces the need for new materials. Recycling sometimes reduces energy, costs, and pollution. topredesign - To redesign is to revise something in appearance, function, or content. Redesigning to make improvements is an important part of the engineering design process.
NASA - NSSDCA - NMC - Data Collection - Query Results
CALIBRATED SPECTRA V1.0 (PDS)Deep Impact/EPOXI:High Resolution Instrument (HRI)EPOXI C/ISON (2012 S1) - MRI RAW IMAGES V1.0 (PDS)Deep Impact/EPOXI:Medium Resolution Instrument (MRI)EPOXI C/ISON (2012 S1) - MRI CALIBRATED IMAGES V1.0 (PDS)Deep Impact/EPOXI:Medium Resolution Instrument (MRI)EPOXI MARS OBS - HRII CALIBRATED SPECTRA V1.0 (PDS)Deep Impact/EPOXI:High Resolution Instrument (HRI)EPOXI MARS OBS - HRIV CALIBRATED IMAGES V2.0 (PDS)Deep Impact/EPOXI:High Resolution Instrument (HRI)EPOXI MARS OBS - MRI CALIBRATED IMAGES V2.0 (PDS)Deep Impact/EPOXI:Medium Resolution Instrument (MRI)EPOXI HRII/HRIV/MRI INSTRUMENT TEMPERATURES V3.0 (PDS)Deep Impact/EPOXI:High Resolution Instrument (HRI)Deep Impact/EPOXI:Medium Resolution Instrument (MRI)STOOKE SMALL BODIES MAPS V3.0 (
ASTER | Terra
As recommended by NASA’s Terra, Aqua, and Aura Data Continuity Workshop, the EUMESAT Multispectral Visible Infrared Imager (METImage) on the Metop-SG A satellite, due to launch in December 2024, is being explored as a possible source of morning data product continuity, currently represented by the suite of standard science products generated from the MODIS instrument onboard Terra.
Helen Worden presented trends using the MOPITT data record of global carbon monoxide (CO) and plans for continuation of the MOPITT record using MetOP/IASI, NOAA/CrIS and ESA/TROPOMI data. The MOPITT team has long collaborated with the EUMETSAT IASI instrument team on satellite data inter-comparisons. Comparisons with MOPITT data have been especially important for new instruments in space, since MOPITT has the longest available record of satellite CO observations. The EUMETSAT meeting had many useful presentations on atmospheric composition and trends, among other interesting topics, with plenty of networking opportunities for developing new ideas for research and plans for data continuity. 
Photo Credit: EUMETSAT

Terra Data Capacity Restored to Launch Level

Posted on September 23, 2021 by Tassia Owen 
	Posted in News and Events 

Printed Wire Assemblies Back Online
To return function to 16 printed wire assemblies, including the two most recent, Terra’s Flight Operations Team rebooted Terra’s solid state recorder, on September 22, 2021. The successful reboot of Terra’s solid state recorder returned Terra to a level that allows full science acquisitions from all five instruments (ASTER, CERES, MISR, MODIS, and MOPITT). 
The recorder reboot took nearly 12 hours to complete. The board-by-board power up sequencing resulted in all 16 printed wire assemblies of the 16 offline assemblies returning to operational status.  Terra now has all 58 assemblies in service, and Terra’s data storage capacity is at the same level it had at launch. There are currently no known hardware limitations to the operation of Terra or any of its sensors and there is currently no official passivation (mission end) date. 
For over two decades Terra has collected valuable data about Earth’s systems.