vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Venus - NASA Science
The mission is designed to bring the VERITAS science investigations into a low, circular orbit around Venus, in order to collect high-resolution, global maps of the hellish surface hidden beneath the clouds.Read MoreVERITAS: Expected to launch no earlier than 2031, VERITAS will map Venus’ surface to determine the planet’s geologic history and understand why it developed so differently than Earth.NASA /JPL-CaltechDAVINCIDeep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and ImagingDAVINCI will study Venus from its clouds down to the planet's surface – the first mission to study Venus using both flybys and a descent probe.Read MoreAn illustration of the DAVINCI probe resting on the surface of Venus.Credit: NASA/GSFCEnVisionESA's Cosmic Vision ProgramESA has selected EnVision to make detailed observations of Venus. As a key partner in the mission, NASA is providing the Synthetic Aperture Radar, called VenSAR, to make high-resolution measurements of the planet’s surface features.Read MoreArtist's concept of EnVision at Venus.Credt: ESAPop CultureBecause it’s so bright and easy to see in the sky, Venus has played a role in popular culture since ancient times, inspiring writing and song.It was called the most beautiful star in the sky by Homer, author of "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" – two of the oldest and most important works in Greek literature.More recently, Venus became a popular venue for 20th-century science fiction writers, including Edgar Rice Burroughs (“Pirates of Venus,” 1934); Arthur C. Clarke (“Before Eden,” 1961); and C.S. Lewis (“Perelandra,” 1943).Australian author Shirley Hazzard won the 1980 National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction with her book, “The Transit of Venus,” about two orphaned sisters. American author John Gray used the planet and its masculine counterpart to explain relationships in his 1992 book “Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus.”
STEM Lessons for Educators – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Opportunities

 missions
 

Current

Past

Future

Proposed

All

 galleries
 

JPL Space Images

Infographics

Photojournal

NASA Images

Mobile Apps

 education
 

Intern

Learn

Teach

News

Events

Share

 NASA OSTEM 

 news
 

Latest News

Press Kits

Fact Sheets

Media Room

 public events

Overview

Tours

Lecture Series

Open House

Speakers Bureau

Team Competitions

 Our Sites
 

Asteroid Watch

Cassini - Mission to Saturn

Earth / Global Climate Change

Planetquest / Exoplanets

Juno - Mission to Jupiter

Mars Exploration

Mars Science Laboratory / Curiosity

Rosetta - Understanding Comets

Science and Technology

Solar System Exploration

Eyes on the Solar System

Eyes on the Earth

Eyes on Exoplanets

Spitzer Space Telescope

 Follow JPL
 

Newsletter

Facebook

Twitter

YouTube

Flickr

Instagram

iTunes

UStream

RSS

Blog

Mobile

All Social Media

 NASA
 

NASA Education

NASA Water Cleanup

FOIA

NASA

 |
 
Caltech

 |
 
Privacy

 |
 
Image Policy

 |
 
FAQ

 |
 
Feedback

Site Manager: Kim Orr
Webmaster: Luis Espinoza
Education Events & Workshops – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
NASA Images

Mobile Apps

 education
 

Intern

Learn

Teach

News

Events

Share

 NASA OSTEM 

 news
 

Latest News

Press Kits

Fact Sheets

Media Room

 public events

Overview

Tours

Lecture Series

Open House

Speakers Bureau

Team Competitions

 Our Sites
 

Asteroid Watch

Cassini - Mission to Saturn

Earth / Global Climate Change

Planetquest / Exoplanets

Juno - Mission to Jupiter

Mars Exploration

Mars Science Laboratory / Curiosity

Rosetta - Understanding Comets

Science and Technology

Solar System Exploration

Eyes on the Solar System

Eyes on the Earth

Eyes on Exoplanets

Spitzer Space Telescope

 Follow JPL
 

Newsletter

Facebook

Twitter

YouTube

Flickr

Instagram

iTunes

UStream

RSS

Blog

Mobile

All Social Media

 NASA
 

NASA Education

NASA Water Cleanup

FOIA

NASA

 |
 
Caltech

 |
 
Privacy

 |
 
Image Policy

 |
 
FAQ

 |
 
Feedback

Site Manager: Kim Orr
Webmaster: Luis Espinoza
What Is a Meteor Shower? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
This comet debris gets strewn out along the comet's path, especially in the inner solar system (where we live) as the sun's heat boils off more and more ice and debris. Then, several times each year as Earth makes its journey around the sun, its orbit crosses the orbit of a comet, which means Earth smacks into a bunch of comet debris.
But not to worry!
The meteoroids are usually small, from dust particle to boulder size. They are almost always small enough to quickly burn up in our atmosphere, so there's little chance any of them will strike Earth's surface. But there is a good chance that you can see a beautiful shooting star show in the middle of the night!

In the case of a meteor shower, the glowing streaks may appear anywhere in the sky, but their "tails" all seem to point back to the same spot in the sky. That's because all the meteors are coming at us at the same angle, and as they get closer to Earth the effect of perspective makes them seem to get farther apart. It's like standing in the middle of railroad tracks and seeing how the two tracks come together in the distance.
Meteor showers are named for the constellation where the meteors appear to be coming from. So, for example, the Orionids Meteor Shower, which occurs in October each year, appear to be originating near the constellation Orion the Hunter.
Plan ahead
Here are dates of major meteor showers. Peak viewing times will vary by a day or two each year. Keep in mind: If the moon is full or near full, you may not see many meteors. Some years are better than others for numbers of meteors per hour.

Quadrantids
 Lyrids
 Perseids
 Orionids
 Leonids
 Geminids

December/January
 April
 August
 October
 November
 December

For more information, visit the NASA Solar System Exploration meteor and meteorite page.


 	article last updated July 25, 2018
 

Have a shooting star party!

 
Bring blankets, a sleeping bag, and a thermos of something warm to drink. Hot chocolate, perhaps?
Activities for Students – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
JPL Space Images

Infographics

Photojournal

NASA Images

Mobile Apps

 education
 

Intern

Learn

Teach

News

Events

Share

 NASA OSTEM 

 news
 

Latest News

Press Kits

Fact Sheets

Media Room

 public events

Overview

Tours

Lecture Series

Open House

Speakers Bureau

Team Competitions

 Our Sites
 

Asteroid Watch

Cassini - Mission to Saturn

Earth / Global Climate Change

Planetquest / Exoplanets

Juno - Mission to Jupiter

Mars Exploration

Mars Science Laboratory / Curiosity

Rosetta - Understanding Comets

Science and Technology

Solar System Exploration

Eyes on the Solar System

Eyes on the Earth

Eyes on Exoplanets

Spitzer Space Telescope

 Follow JPL
 

Newsletter

Facebook

Twitter

YouTube

Flickr

Instagram

iTunes

UStream

RSS

Blog

Mobile

All Social Media

 NASA
 

NASA Education

NASA Water Cleanup

FOIA

NASA

 |
 
Caltech

 |
 
Privacy

 |
 
Image Policy

 |
 
FAQ

 |
 
Feedback

Site Manager: Kim Orr
Webmaster: Luis Espinoza
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
Contact was lost and it is believed Minerva moved off into space without landing.

At 12:00 UT on 19 November 2005 (9:00 p.m. JST, 7:00 a.m. EST) Hayabusa began its descent towards the asteroid from an altitude of 1 km. At 19:33 UT (4:33 a.m. JST 20 November) the final approach was commanded and the descent began from an altitude of about 450 meters at 12 cm/sec. The target marker was released at 20:30 UT 19 November (5:30 a.m. JST 20 November) about 40 meters above the asteroid and Hayabusa's descent was slowed to 3 cm/sec to allow the marker to fall ahead of it. The spacecraft reduced its speed to zero and then began free-fall at an altitude of 17 meters at which point contact was lost. Later telemetry indicated that Hayabusa hit the surface at 20:40 UT 19 November (5:40 a.m. JST 20 November) at roughly 10 cm/sec and bounced. It bounced again at 21:10 and then landed at 21:30 within about 30 meters of the target marker. At 21:58 (6:58 a.m. JST 20 November) it was commanded to make an emergency ascent. The craft remained on the surface for about half an hour but did not fire the projectile to collect a sample. This was the first ever controlled landing on an asteroid and first ascent from any other solar sytem body except the Moon.

A second touchdown and sampling run was made on 25 November, early telemetry indicated the spacecraft touched down at 10 cm/sec and that two sampling bullets were fired 0.2 seconds apart at 22:07 UT 24 November (7:07 a.m. JST 25 November) but later examination indicated the bullets did not fire. On 9 December contact was lost with the spacecraft, presumably because of torques caused by a thruster leak which altered the pointing of the antenna. Communications with the spacecraft were regained in early March 2006. It appears that the chemical fuel has been lost due to the leak, two of three reaction wheels were also inoperable and 4 of the 11 lithium-ion battery cells were not functioning.
Activities for Students – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Cassini - Mission to Saturn

Earth / Global Climate Change

Planetquest / Exoplanets

Juno - Mission to Jupiter

Mars Exploration

Mars Science Laboratory / Curiosity

Rosetta - Understanding Comets

Science and Technology

Solar System Exploration

Eyes on the Solar System

Eyes on the Earth

Eyes on Exoplanets

Spitzer Space Telescope

 Follow JPL
 

Newsletter

Facebook

Twitter

YouTube

Flickr

Instagram

iTunes

UStream

RSS

Blog

Mobile

All Social Media

 NASA
 

NASA Education

NASA Water Cleanup

FOIA

NASA

 |
 
Caltech

 |
 
Privacy

 |
 
Image Policy

 |
 
FAQ

 |
 
Feedback

Site Manager: Kim Orr
Webmaster: Luis Espinoza
NASA Selects 2 Missions to Study ‘Lost Habitable’ World of Venus - NASA
Back

MissionsSearch All NASA MissionsA to Z List of MissionsUpcoming Launches and LandingsSpaceships and RocketsCommunicating with MissionsArtemisJames Webb Space TelescopeHubble Space TelescopeInternational Space StationHumans in SpaceWhy Go to SpaceAstronauts HomeCommercial SpaceDestinationsSpaceships and RocketsLiving in SpaceEarth & ClimateExplore Earth ScienceClimate ChangeEarth, Our PlanetEarth Science in ActionEarth MultimediaEarth DataEarth Science ResearchersThe Solar SystemThe SunMercuryVenusEarthThe MoonMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePluto & Dwarf PlanetsAsteroids, Comets & MeteorsThe Kuiper BeltThe Oort CloudSkywatchingThe UniverseExoplanetsThe Search for Life in the UniverseStarsGalaxiesBlack HolesThe Big BangDark Energy & Dark MatterScienceEarth SciencePlanetary ScienceAstrophysics & Space ScienceThe Sun & HeliophysicsBiological & Physical SciencesLunar ScienceCitizen ScienceAstromaterialsAeronautics ResearchHuman Space Travel ResearchAeronauticsScience in the AirNASA AircraftFlight InnovationSupersonic FlightAir Traffic SolutionsGreen Aviation TechDrones & YouTechnologyTechnology Transfer & SpinoffsSpace Travel TechnologyTechnology Living in SpaceManufacturing and MaterialsRoboticsScience InstrumentsComputingLearning ResourcesFor Kids and StudentsFor EducatorsFor Colleges and UniversitiesFor ProfessionalsScience for EveryoneRequests for Exhibits, Artifacts, or SpeakersSTEM Engagement at NASAAbout NASANASA's ImpactsCenters and FacilitiesDirectoratesOrganizationsPeople of NASACareersInternshipsOur HistoryDoing Business with NASAGet InvolvedContactEspañolCienciaAeronáuticaCiencias TerrestresSistema SolarUniversoNews & EventsAll NASA NewsVideo Series on NASA+PodcastsBlogsNewslettersSocial MediaMedia ResourcesUpcoming Launches & LandingsVirtual EventsMultimediaNASA+ImagesNASA TVSounds and RingtonesInteractivesNASA AppsPodcastse-BooksSTEM Multimedia 

Highlights

 

5 min read

Clare Luckey: Shaping the Future of Mars Missions and Inspiring the Artemis Generation 

article

1 day ago
GOES Missions -
Author Leejay LockhartPosted on February 27, 2024February 27, 2024Categories GOES-U, Kennedy, Kennedy Space Center, Launch Services Program, NASATags Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, GOES-U, GSFC, Kennedy Space Center, KSC, Launch Services Program, LSP, NASA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, Spacecraft, Weather Satellite 

GOES-T Separates from Spacecraft, Continues on Journey to Save Lives 

A joint effort between NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the GOES-T satellite will be positioned to watch over the western contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Mexico, Central America, and the Pacific Ocean. Liftoff occurred at 4:38 p.m. EST from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station’s Space Launch Complex 41 in Florida. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett
Following completion of a third planned start and then cutoff of the United Launch Alliance Atlas V 541 Centaur main engine, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-T (GOES-T) satellite separated from the spacecraft and is continuing on its journey to help meteorologists observe and predict local weather events, including thunderstorms, tornadoes, fog, hurricanes, flash floods and other severe weather.
In addition, GOES observations have proven helpful in monitoring dust storms, volcanic eruptions, and forest fires.
“That is what it’s all about – when we get to the spacecraft separation. It’s years of work going into that one event,” said NASA Launch Director Tim Dunn. “Today, we were blessed with a smooth and successful countdown.”
A joint effort between NASA and NOAA, GOES-T will be renamed GOES-18 once it reaches geostationary orbit, replacing GOES-17 as GOES West. It will be positioned to watch over the western contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Mexico, Central America, and the Pacific Ocean. The satellite will be ideally located to monitor weather systems and hazards that most affect this region of the Western Hemisphere.
GOES-T is about the size of a small school bus and weighs more than 6,000 pounds.
Activities for Students – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Find out how many spacecraft have been to Jupiter and what they discovered about the giant of our solar system.TAGS:JunoGalileoVoyagerHubbleCassiniNew HorizonsIo FlybyJupiterMissionsSpacecraft

Check it out!
Build your own spacecraft and use it to uncover secrets beneath Jupiter.

project
Make a Jupiter Orbiter

project

Make a Jupiter Orbiter

Build your own spacecraft and use it to uncover secrets beneath Jupiter.TAGS:JunoJupiterMissionsSpacecraft

Watch!
Why is NASA sending a spacecraft to the most giant (and possibly most dangerous) planet in our solar system?

video
Why with Nye - Mission to Jupiter

video

Why with Nye - Mission to Jupiter

Why is NASA sending a spacecraft to the most giant (and possibly most dangerous) planet in our solar system?TAGS:JunoSolar SystemJupiterMissionsSpacecraftSun

Get the Newsletter

Follow JPL Education

All

 about
 

Director's Message

Executive Council

History

Annual Reports

Contact Us

Opportunities

 missions
 

Current

Past

Future

Proposed

All

 galleries
 

JPL Space Images

Infographics

Photojournal

NASA Images

Mobile Apps

 education
 

Intern

Learn

Teach

News

Events

Share

 NASA OSTEM 

 news
 

Latest News

Press Kits

Fact Sheets

Media Room

 public events

Overview

Tours

Lecture Series

Open House

Speakers Bureau

Team Competitions

 Our Sites
 

Asteroid Watch

Cassini - Mission to Saturn

Earth / Global Climate Change

Planetquest / Exoplanets

Juno - Mission to Jupiter

Mars Exploration

Mars Science Laboratory / Curiosity

Rosetta - Understanding Comets

Science and Technology

Solar System Exploration

Eyes on the Solar System

Eyes on the Earth

Eyes on Exoplanets

Spitzer Space Telescope

 Follow JPL
 

Newsletter

Facebook

Twitter

YouTube

Flickr

Instagram

iTunes

UStream

RSS

Blog

Mobile
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
The total cost of the mission was $220.5 million, which included $43.5 million for the launch vehicle and $60.8 million for mission operations after launch.Alternate Names23784NEARNEARShoemakerNear Earth Asteroid Rendezvousurn:nasa:pds:context:instrument_host:spacecraft.nearFacts in BriefLaunch Date: 1996-02-17Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7925Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, United StatesMass: 487 kgNominal Power: 1800 WFunding AgencyNASA-Office of Space Science Applications (United States)DisciplinesPlanetary ScienceSpace PhysicsAdditional InformationLaunch/Orbital information for NEAR ShoemakerTelecommunications information for NEAR ShoemakerExperiments on NEAR ShoemakerData collections from NEAR Shoemaker
 Questions and comments about this spacecraft can be directed to:
 Dr. David R. Williams PersonnelNameRoleOriginal AffiliationE-mailDr. Elizabeth E. BeyerProgram ManagerNASA Headquartersbbeyer@hst.nasa.govDr. John KerridgeProgram ScientistNASA HeadquartersDr. Andrew F. ChengProject ScientistApplied Physics Laboratoryandrew.cheng@jhuapl.eduMr. Thomas B. CoughlinProject ManagerApplied Physics Laboratorytom.coughlin@jhuapl.eduDr. Robert W. FarquharMission ManagerApplied Physics LaboratorySelected ReferencesCheng, A. F., Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous: Mission overview,
 Space Sci. Rev., 82, No. 1-2, 3-29, doi:10.1023/A:1005002808075, 1997.Cheng, A. F., et al., Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous: Mission overview,
 J. Geophys. Res., 102, No. E10, 23695-23708, doi:10.1029/96JE03364, Oct. 1997.Dunham, D. W., et al., Implementation of the first asteroid landing,
 Icarus, 159, No. 2, 433-438, Oct. 2002.Prockter, L., et al., The NEAR Shoemaker mission to asteroid 433 Eros,
Education News & Blogs – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Overview

Tours

Lecture Series

Open House

Speakers Bureau

Team Competitions

 Our Sites
 

Asteroid Watch

Cassini - Mission to Saturn

Earth / Global Climate Change

Planetquest / Exoplanets

Juno - Mission to Jupiter

Mars Exploration

Mars Science Laboratory / Curiosity

Rosetta - Understanding Comets

Science and Technology

Solar System Exploration

Eyes on the Solar System

Eyes on the Earth

Eyes on Exoplanets

Spitzer Space Telescope

 Follow JPL
 

Newsletter

Facebook

Twitter

YouTube

Flickr

Instagram

iTunes

UStream

RSS

Blog

Mobile

All Social Media

 NASA
 

NASA Education

NASA Water Cleanup

FOIA

NASA

 |
 
Caltech

 |
 
Privacy

 |
 
Image Policy

 |
 
FAQ

 |
 
Feedback

Site Manager: Kim Orr
Webmaster: Luis Espinoza
Activities for Students – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
news
 

Latest News

Press Kits

Fact Sheets

Media Room

 public events

Overview

Tours

Lecture Series

Open House

Speakers Bureau

Team Competitions

 Our Sites
 

Asteroid Watch

Cassini - Mission to Saturn

Earth / Global Climate Change

Planetquest / Exoplanets

Juno - Mission to Jupiter

Mars Exploration

Mars Science Laboratory / Curiosity

Rosetta - Understanding Comets

Science and Technology

Solar System Exploration

Eyes on the Solar System

Eyes on the Earth

Eyes on Exoplanets

Spitzer Space Telescope

 Follow JPL
 

Newsletter

Facebook

Twitter

YouTube

Flickr

Instagram

iTunes

UStream

RSS

Blog

Mobile

All Social Media

 NASA
 

NASA Education

NASA Water Cleanup

FOIA

NASA

 |
 
Caltech

 |
 
Privacy

 |
 
Image Policy

 |
 
FAQ

 |
 
Feedback

Site Manager: Kim Orr
Webmaster: Luis Espinoza
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details

Saturday, 25 May 2024

SakigakeNSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1985-001ADescriptionSakigake ('Pioneer') is a test spacecraft similar to Suisei (Planet-A). It flew by Comet P/Halley on its sunward side at a distance of about 7 million kilometers on March 11, 1986. It carried three instruments to measure plasma wave spectra, solar wind ions, and interplanetary magnetic fields, all of which worked normally. The spacecraft was spin-stabilized at two different rates (5 and 0.2 rpm). It was equipped with hydrazine thrusters for attitude and velocity control, star and sun sensors for attitude determination, and a mechanically despun off-set parabolic dish for long-range communication. Sakigake made an Earth swingby on January 8, 1992. The closest approach was at 23h08m47s (JST, = UTC+9h) with a geocentric distance of 88,997 km. This was the first planet-swingby for a Japanese spacecraft. During the approach, Sakigake observed the geotail. A geotail passage occurred at 290 Re on 14 June 1993 before ISTP's multi-spacecraft investigation of that region. The second Earth swingby was on June 14, 1993 at 40 Re, and the third on October 28, 1994 at 86 Re. Almost no hydrazine remains so no further maneuvers were accomplished. Telemetry contact was lost on 15 November 1995 at a distance of 106 million km. Future mission planning had included a 23.6 km/s, 10,000 km flyby of Comet P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova on Feb 3, 1996 (approaching the nucleus along the tail) some 0.17 AU from the Sun, and a 14 million km passage of Comet P/Giacobini-Zinner on Nov 29, 1998.
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
The Hayabusa spacecraft has a box-shaped main body 1.5 m along each side and 1.05 m high. The launch mass is 530 kg, including 50 kg of chemical propellant and 65 kg of xenon gas. Two solar panel wings with a total array area of 12 square meters protrude from the side and a 1.5 m diameter high-gain parabolic antenna is mounted on top on a two-axis gimbal. A cylindrical sampler horn, deployed shortly after launch, protrudes from the bottom of the spacecraft. The Minerva lander was also mounted on th spacecraft near the bottom panel. Hayabusa is propelled during cruise phases by two microwave ion thruster engines, which use a microwave discharge to ionize xenon gas. The ionized plasma is accelerated by high-voltage electrodes through four thruster heads which protrude from one side of the spacecraft body to provide a peak thrust of 20 mN using 1 kW power. A nitrogen tetroxide/hydrazine propulsion system with a peak thrust of 22 N will be used for maneuvering. The spacecraft is powered by gallium-arsenide solar cells and a 15 A-hr rechargeable nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery. Communications are via X- and S-band low gain antennas and the high gain dish antenna (X-band) with a transmitted power of 20 W. The mission is also be equipped with a camera, used for imaging, visible-polarimetry studies, and optical navigation near the asteroid, a laser ranging device (LIDAR), and near-IR and X-ray spectrometers. The insulated and cushioned re-entry capsule, 40 cm in diameter and 25 cm deep with a mass of about 20 kg, is attached to the body of the spacecraft near the sample collection horn. The capsule has a convex nose covered with a 3 cm thick ablative heat shield to protect the samples from the high velocity (~13 km/s) re-entry. Cost of the Hayabusa spacecraft is roughly 12 billion yen ($100 million U.S.)

Surface Sample Collection