vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Tides
Tides

ExploreSearchSubmitNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+…MoonTidesMoon HomePhasesSupermoonsEclipsesTidesTidal LockingExplore This SectionMoon HomePhasesSupermoonsEclipsesTidesTidal LockingTidesContentsDid You Know?: Tides don’t align perfectly with the Moon.Here Comes The SunWhat About the Moon?You walk along a beach, seashells, driftwood and seaweed left by the retreating tides at your feet. Look up at the Moon, and you’re seeing the main cause of the surge and retreat of oceans from our shores. As distant as the Moon may seem, its gravitational pull on Earth plays a huge role in the formation of tides.Tides rise and fall in Acadia National Park. Credit: National Park ServiceWhen you see the tide roll in or out, what you’re really seeing is a cycle of small changes to the distribution of our planet’s oceans. As the Moon’s gravity tugs at Earth, it shifts Earth’s mass, distorting its shape ever so slightly into that of a football ― elongated at the equator and shortened at the poles. This effect on the solid Earth can be detected by scientific instruments, but we can watch the same changes to Earth’s oceans just by visiting the beach.The Moon and Earth exert a gravitational pull on each other. On Earth, the Moon’s gravitational pull causes the oceans to bulge out on both the side closest to the Moon and the side farthest from the Moon. These bulges create high tides. The low points are where low tides occur.NASA/Vi NguyenIt might seem strange that the ocean would bulge on the side farthest from the Moon as well as the side closest to it. This happens because the Moon’s gravity affects the entire Earth, pulling at every point on our planet. The strongest pull occurs on the points closest to the Moon, and the weakest on the points farthest away, but every bit of water is affected.Now think about pouring a bucket of water out on a table. It’s easier to slide the water around on the table rather than lift it directly upwards.
Colorful Celtic Sea
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Satellites captured an expansive blue and green phytoplankton bloom in the waters off France.
Image of the Day for May 15, 2024

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Aqua — MODIS

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2024 Phytoplankton Blooms and Red Tides

Floating, plant-like organisms reproduce abundantly when there are sufficient nutrients, sunlight, and water conditions. Extreme blooms of certain species can become harmful to marine animals and humans.

References & Resources

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Celtic Seas ecosystem overview. Accessed May 14, 2024.
NASA Earth Observatory (2021, July 25) Beauty in the Barents. Accessed May 14, 2024.
NASA Earth Observatory (2024, May 8) Complex Beauty in the Gulf of Oman. Accessed May 14, 2024.
NASA Missions PACE. Accessed May 14, 2024.
Shelf Sea Biogeochemistry Springtime phytoplankton blooms in the Celtic Sea. Accessed May 14, 2024.

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Beauty in the Barents
There are a few possible reasons why the phytoplankton-rich waters of this high-latitude sea appear both green and turquoise blue.

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Phytoplankton Bloom off Argentina
Acquired February 9, 2010, this true-color image shows jewel-toned water caused by a phytoplankton bloom off the coast of Argentina. Roughly mimicking the coastline, the bloom forms a giant semicircle in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Phytoplankton Bloom Near Norway

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Green Seaweed in the Yellow Sea
In June 2021, algal slicks painted the waters green off Qingdao, China, during the region’s largest bloom on record.

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Offshore Wind Farms Make Wakes
“The fact that the wakes are browner than the surrounding waters shows that they contain more suspended sediments,” said Quinten Vanhellemont, a researcher at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences and lead author of the 2014 paper. “This shows that the installation of the wind turbines not only modifies the wind field above the sea surface (which is expected as they are extracting wind energy), but that they also modify the currents and sediment transport in the water.”
Vanhellemont explained that the wakes are generated by the tidal current moving around the foundation of the turbine. The direction and curvature in the wakes are related to the general direction of the current. For example, the image of the London Array was acquired during flood tide, so the wakes follow the northward current. But the tide in this area reverses every six hours, Vanhellemont said, “so the wakes are quite dynamic over the day.”
It’s not yet clear how these changes in sediment transport could affect the relatively shallow underwater environment, which is known to be an important fish nursery. According to Vanhellemont, researchers at the University of Hull are currently studying the wakes in greater detail by investigating their 3D structure.
NASA Earth Observatory images by Jesse Allen, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Caption by Kathryn Hansen.

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Wind farms in the North Sea give rise to sediment plumes below the water’s surface.
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Landsat 8 — OLI

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References & Resources

The European and Wind Energy Association (2016, July) The European offshore wind industry—key trends and statistics 1st half 2016. Accessed November 7, 2016.
The European and Wind Energy Association (2016, February) The European offshore wind industry—key trends and statistics 2015. Accessed November 7, 2016.
LORC List of Offshore Wind Farms. Accessed November 7, 2016.
Ingredients for Life | Why Europa – NASA's Europa Clipper
Liquid water tops the list of ingredients for life, and Europa has lots of it. Scientists think Europa has a salty ocean beneath its icy crust with about twice as much water than all of Earth's oceans combined. Water dissolves nutrients for organisms to eat, transports important chemicals within living cells, supports metabolism, and allows those cells to get rid of waste. Scientists are confident there's a rocky seafloor at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. Hydrothermal activity could possibly supply chemical nutrients that could support living organisms. 

The puzzling, fascinating surface of Jupiter's icy moon Europa looms large in this reprocessed color view, made from images taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft in the late 1990s. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SETI Institute

The best evidence that there's an ocean at Europa was gathered by NASA's Galileo spacecraft, which orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003. While Europa has no magnetic field of its own, when the Galileo spacecraft made 12 close flybys of Europa, its magnetometer detected a magnetic field within Europa as Jupiter's powerful magnetic field swept past the moon. Scientists think the most likely cause of this magnetic signature is a global ocean of salty water.
Europa's bright, icy surface is unlike anything seen on Earth. It’s the smoothest body in the solar system, with few towering mountains or deep basins. Ridges and grooves crisscross the surface, breaking up the landscape. Many of these features coincide with long, curving streaks that are dark and reddish in color – some stretching across the surface in great arcs over 600 miles (1,000 kilometers) long. Elsewhere, domes, pits, and jumbles of icy blocks hint that warm ice may be rising from deep below.

Europa's surface has signs there may be an ocean beneath it. Images of Europa’s surface show patterns of cracks and ridges that suggest a global ocean allowing for large tides that deform the surface. The largest two impact structures on Europa show concentric patterns, which suggests impacts that may have penetrated through Europa’s ice shell into liquid water. In addition, Europa’s surface geology suggests that warm ice has risen upward through the ice shell, likely from near an ice-ocean interface.
Boating Clean and Green
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Boating is Good, Clean and Fun. Let's Keep it that Way!
California has one of the highest levels of recreational boating activity in the nation. With 1,100 miles of coast, hundreds of navigable rivers, lakes, and the Delta, there are ample recreational opportunities for the State’s approximately four million boaters. As California’s population has increased, so has the popularity of boating as a recreational activity.
Growth in boating’s popularity also increases the potential impact of boat-related pollutants that can enter the environment.Pollutants that may be associated with boating activities include sewage, oil and fuel, detergents, solvents, paints, plastics and other marine debris. Given the large number of recreational boats in the state, even a small amount of pollution from a fraction of the boats can causes serious harm to marine fish and wildlife.
As a boater, you love being out on the water and have a stake in clean, healthy waterways. In order to ensure that your experience is a safe and enjoyable one, it is important for you to always implement safe and clean boating practices that will help to keep boating in our state clean and fun! Remember safety and the environment go hand in hand.
The Boating Clean and Green Program is an education and outreach program that promotes environmentally sound boating practices to marine business and boaters in California. The program is conducted by the California State Parks Division of Boating and Waterways and the California Coastal CommissionFind out about the awards received by the Boating Clean and Green Program.

 
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Clean and Safe Boating Practices for Boaters & Anglers
Ahoy! There are many actions boaters and anglers can take to ensure that safe and clean boating is part of their experience enjoying California waterways. Check this page to get information that will help you to enjoy your boating and fishing experiences.

 

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Animals, Plants, Aquatic Life - NYSDEC
Animals, Plants, Aquatic Life - NYSDEC

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Being A Responsible Angler - NYSDEC
Being A Responsible Angler - NYSDEC

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Department of Environmental Conservation

Things To Do

Things To Do

There are many ways to experience New York’s great outdoors. Maybe you’ll get hooked on fishing or discover sleeping under the stars is the perfect way to spend a weekend. We have information for beginners up to the more advanced outdoor enthusiast. 

View All Outdoor Activities

Camping

Hiking

Hunting

Trapping

Freshwater Fishing

Saltwater Fishing

Shellfishing

Boating

Paddling

Watchable Wildlife

Summer Camps

Love Our New York Lands

Adventure NY

Places to Go

Places to Go

Looking for your next adventure? New York has more than 5 million acres, 7,000 lakes and streams, and 52,000 miles of rivers and streams for you to explore. Use our Places to Go search tool to find locations nearby for your favorite outdoor activity. 

Find Your Spot

Find Places to Go

Accessible Recreation

Maps

Wildlife Management Areas

Tidal Wetland Areas

Agencies That Manage Public Land

Discounts For Outdoor Recreation

Nature

Nature

New York is home to many animals and plant species – both native and invasive. Learn how we protect open space and reclaim land after mining is complete. Discover the water around you in lakes and rivers, wetlands, oceans, and underground.

Learn About Nature

Animals, Fish & Plants

Invasive Species

Forests & Trees

Wildlife Health

Nuisance Wildlife

Report Dead Wildlife

Waterbodies

Open Space

Environmental Protection

Environmental Protection

DEC protects the land, water, and air resources in New York. Whether it is addressing climate change effects, promoting responsible waste management, monitoring air quality, overseeing contaminated site clean-ups, or oil and gas mining monitoring, DEC is there to safeguard the environment; you can too by reporting environmental violations and problems. 

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Paddle at Skunk Hollow
Paddle at Skunk Hollow

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 5/26/2024    Folsom Lake SRA

Paddle at Skunk Hollow
On Sunday, May 26th from 8:30 am to 11:30 am, join Senior Park Aide Horacio as we explore the South Fork of the American River from the water.  This is a casual, slow, nature observation paddle, using your Kayaks, SUPs, and Canoes.  We will look for, observe, and do our best to identify what we see including aquatic life, birds, mammals, insects, and plants.  Discussions on the geology and the human impacts to the area will also be included.
*Basic skills and safety knowledge for the watercraft you bring is required.
*Personal flotation device (life jacket) is required to be worn while on the water.
*Water, hat, sunscreen, sunglasses, and snacks are recommended.  Feel free to bring cameras, binoculars and other materials to help you explore, if you’re comfortable using them on the water.
Common Loon - NYSDEC
Fledging occurs in 11-13 weeks. Juveniles may spend several years in oceanic wintering areas before returning inland to breed.The loon's diet consists almost entirely of fish.Distribution and HabitatCommon loons breed across most of Alaska and Canada, south to Washington, Montana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, and New England. In New York, common loons breed on the lakes of the Adirondack Mountains and in the St. Lawrence River region. Loons winter along the coast and on open lakes nearby.While common loons are symbolic of quiet, secluded places, they also inhabit somewhat developed lakes. Larger lakes of 25 acres or more are generally preferred. The lake must be large enough to allow a clear takeoff over surrounding trees. The presence of both shallow and deep water is also important. Shallow water is used for foraging, nurseries, and shelter, while deep water is necessary for adult diving and social interaction.StatusAlthough historic information on common loons is incomplete, it is known that they were once much more abundant. It is likely that populations declined in the 1800s with European exploration and settlement. Common loons prefer the quiet atmosphere of uninhabited lakes, but growing human populations create disturbances on these lakes as they are developed. Disturbances caused by paddling, camping, fishing, and boating on lakes can lower the loon's reproductive success.Anthropogenic (human-related) impacts on loons and other wildlife arise from a variety of sources. Accidental ingestion of lead fishing tackle by loons leads to lead toxicity and death. Catastrophic events, such as oil spills and botulism outbreaks, have potential to significantly affect loon populations during migration or on their wintering grounds. In the Adirondacks, acidification of lakes and mercury contamination of water bodies are problems. Acid rain lowers the biological productivity of lakes and reduces the amount of forage fish available to loons. Toxicity from mercury pollution of water bodies can lead to decreased reproductive success of loons.Management and Research NeedsDespite these difficulties, common loon populations in New York seem to be stable or increasing. Continuation of current management programs is necessary to maintain a healthy population.
Approaches to Composting | US EPA
These piles rely on passive aeration rather than active aeration to maintain optimal temperature and oxygen levels. Passive aeration is caused by warm air heated by microbial activity rising to the top of the pile as cool air is drawn in through the sides and bottom of the pile to replace it, known as the “chimney effect.” When mixing organic materials in the pile, it is important to ensure there is enough free air space throughout the pile to support aeration. Adding bulking agents such as wood chips creates a less dense pile for oxygen to flow. Also, turning the pile occasionally is recommended to encourage even decomposition. This method usually does not get the pile hot enough to break down materials such as meat, bones, and dairy products.

Bins to contain compost can be constructed from materials such as wire, wood, and cinder blocks; enclosed barrels or tumblers for small volumes are also available for purchase. Three-bin systems are a common model, with each bin containing compost at a different stage of the process, from freshly added organic materials to finished compost.
Static Pile with Active Aeration
Actively aerated static piles use blower systems to move air through the pile. “Positive” aeration is when air is blown through pipes beneath or inside the pile; “negative” aeration draws air down through the pile. Air blower systems can be activated by a timer or a temperature sensor and piles may be covered to help control the pile temperature and moisture level. This method of composting speeds up the composting process by carefully controlling the pile conditions and works with large quantities and all types of materials.
Windrow
Windrow composting consists of forming long, narrow rows or “windrows” roughly twice as wide as they are high and as long as space allows. Windrows are the most common method of composting in the United States. Windrows can be turned periodically or have perforated pipes underneath them to allow air flow. Small to large volumes and a wide variety of materials can be composted using this method, which makes it adaptable to many scales and sites for composting. Windrow composting often requires equipment such as front-end loaders, excavators, or windrow turners.