vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
California’s Child Welfare System: Addressing Disproportionalities and Disparities
In contrast, however, other research finds that accounting for family and case characteristics explains most racial disparities in substantiations and removals. Other research examining decisions made by medical professionals finds implicit bias may play a role. For example, research found that medical professionals examining similar injuries were significantly more likely to report suspected abuse for Black children compared to white children.
Front‑End Policies Impacting Child Welfare System Involvement 
In this section, we lay out “front‑end” child welfare system policy areas potentially impacting disproportionalities and disparities. In some cases, the Legislature already took some actions to enact policies aiming to mitigate the overrepresentation of certain groups in foster care. We define front‑end policies as all policies prior to and including a social worker’s decision to remove a child and place them into foster care. Thus, this definition includes services and supports for families prior to allegations of maltreatment, as well as protocols and decisions around reporting, investigating, and substantiating allegations, and possible removal and foster care placement. We focus on these areas because addressing front‑end system issues could help mitigate the growing disparities at later stages of the system. As described in the background section of this report, some recent legislative bills and budget augmentations have focused on reducing disparities at later stages of the system, often by supporting placements with relatives. Continuing to implement reforms beyond the front‑end of the system will be important to help improve outcomes for youth once they are in foster care; however, this report focuses on disproportionalities and disparities prior to that point.
Mandated Reporting of Suspected Child Maltreatment
State Law Defines Certain Professionals as Mandated Reporters and Requires Them to Report Any Suspected Maltreatment to Child Welfare Agency. Federal law requires states to have provisions or procedures for reporting known or suspected child maltreatment. However, federal law does not specify who should be required to report or the standards for making a report, leaving this to states’ discretion.
Self-Help Glossary - selfhelp
pronouncement of judgment: When the judge formally issues a judgment in a case.
proof: Evidence that tends to establish the existence or truth of a fact at issue in a case.
proof of service: The form filed with the court that proves that court papers were formally served on (delivered to) a party in a court action on a certain date. (See also service of process.)
pro per: An short form of "in propria persona." Refers to persons that present their own cases in court without lawyers; from the Latin for "in one's own proper person." (See also pro se.)
pro se: Refers to persons that present their own cases in court without lawyers; from the Latin for "on one's own behalf."
prosecute: To charge someone with a crime and then try them for it in court. A prosecutor (also called "prosecuting attorney") tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
prosecuting attorney: A public officer that prosecutes criminal cases on behalf of the state; sometimes referred to as "district attorney."
pro tem judge: A lawyer that volunteers his or her time to hear and decide cases. Also called a "temporary judge."
pro tempore: A referee or commissioner that temporarily replaces a judge; same as pro tem judge; from the Latin for "for the time being" or "temporarily."
proximate cause: Something that in a natural and continuous sequence, unbroken by any independent cause, produces an event without which an injury would not have occurred.
public assistance: Benefits, like money or food stamps, to help people or families in need. Information on people that apply for certain kinds of public assistance (like Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, TANF) is automatically sent to the state IV-D agency to identify and locate the noncustodial parent, establish parentage, and/or obtain child support payments. This lets the state get back some or part of the money it pays to people as public assistance. (See also IV-D.)
public defender: A lawyer appointed by the court, usually to represent a defendant in a criminal case that can't afford to hire a lawyer.
public offense: A crime.
The Superior Court of California - County of Ventura - FAQs
You have completed your sentence and are not serving a sentence for any offense of any crime since your conviction.

NOTE:  Not all charges are eligible for an expungement. If you were convicted of any of the following offenses you are not eligible for a dismissal:
• Any misdemeanor within the provisions of Section 42002.1 of the Vehicle Code
• Any infraction falling within the provisions of Section 42001 of the Vehicle Code
• Penal Code Sections §286(c), 288, 288(c), 288.5, 289(j), 311.1, 311.2, 311.3, or 311.11
• A felony under Penal Code Section 261.5(d)

Q:  Is there a fee?
A:  No.
Q:  Does the judge make a decision based on just my declaration?
A:  No, the clerk is required to run a printout from the Department of Justice [DOJ] and a printout from the Department of Motor Vehicles [DMV]. This is attached to your 
 declaration for the judge to review.
If at the conclusion of your probation you were on Formal Probation [reporting to a probation officer], your expungement declaration will be forwarded to the District Attorneyâs 
 Office for comment. Their comments will be attached to your declaration for the judge to review.

Q:  How will I know if the Expungement is granted/denied?
A:  Once the judge has made a ruling on the case(s), the courtâs computer system will be updated and copies of the signed declaration will be filed and mailed to you. 
 It will take approximately three to four weeks for this process; however, it may take longer.

MORE INFORMATION
For more information, please refer to the California Self-Help website below. This information is available in both English and Spanish:
California Self-Help - Cleaning Your Record
Instructions for completing a Petition for Dismissal CR-180

Facilities

Q:  I would like to drive my electric vehicle to court. Are there any charging stations available?
A:  The County has the following EV chargers for public use at a fee:

County Government Center
 Parking Lot E
California’s Child Welfare System: Addressing Disproportionalities and Disparities
According to the CDC, “Risk factors are characteristics that may increase the likelihood of experiencing or perpetrating child abuse and neglect, but they may or may not be direct causes. A combination of individual, relational, community, and societal factors contribute to the risk of child abuse and neglect.” Importantly, the presence of risk factors does not necessarily mean that child maltreatment will occur, but rather indicates increased risk that maltreatment may occur. Different families may experience the same combination of risk factors but have different outcomes. 

Differentiating Between Poverty and Possible Maltreatment Key Challenge. A key challenge of decisions made within the child welfare system is how best to support families with poverty‑related risk factors for maltreatment. Research finds that children experiencing poverty and other correlated factors are at greater risk for maltreatment, and maltreatment is linked with many negative life outcomes. As such, intervening in cases of maltreatment is imperative. At the same time, child welfare system involvement itself can cause trauma. How to differentiate between families in need of economic and other supports, as opposed to families who require child welfare system‑level intervention for substantial risk of harm due to maltreatment, is an inherent challenge for decision makers across the child welfare system. 
Disproportionalities in Child Welfare
In this section, we describe the disproportionalities and disparities in California’s child welfare system as they relate to income, race, and ethnicity. Understanding which California communities and families are impacted at disproportionate rates—and the possible reasons why—can help the Legislature consider which policy interventions may be most effective at addressing these disproportionalities and disparities. The box below provides additional context around the language used in this report to describe disproportionalities and disparities in California’s child welfare system. 

General Notes on Language Used in This Report
Criminal | Superior Court of California | County of Tuolumne
If you are applying for a government-issued license, certificate, or permit, you must disclose your conviction and expungement.
The conviction can still be used against you in future criminal proceedings and by the DMV for purposes of suspending or restricting your license. A successful expungement does not relieve you of any prohibition on the ownership or possession of firearms resulting from the conviction.
To begin the process you must file a “Petition for Dismissal”. In order for the court to rule on your petition, an investigation must be done to make sure you are eligible. In addition, the District Attorney’s Office must receive adequate notice prior to the hearing. Please go to the Tuolumne County Probation Department located at 465 South Washington Street, Sonora, CA 95370, or call them at (209) 533-7500. The Probation Department will assist you in getting this matter calendared and proceeding with the necessary investigation.

Failing to Appear

If a defendant in a criminal case does not appear in Court as required, the Court may order any or all of the following actions:
1. Forfeiture of any cash bail or bail bond
2. Issue of a bench warrant
3. Suspend the defendant’s driver’s license
4. Impose an additional $100 civil assessment penalty pursuant to PC 1214.1
5. The District Attorney may file an additional complaint charging you with a Failure to Appear. This charge may carry an additional jail term and/or fine if convicted.  This charge can be pursued by the District Attorney regardless of the outcome of the original offense.
If a bench warrant has been issued, the clerk’s office CANNOT schedule another appearance date.  The defendant must surrender to the county jail for processing on the bench warrant.

Bail Refunds

Refunds for cash bail posted in a criminal case are processed automatically upon order of the Court. It takes approximately six to eight weeks from the date of the court order to receive your refund.
The Court will mail the refund check payable to the depositor named, and the address provided, on the cash bail receipt.

Blood Alcohol Results
Self-Help Glossary - selfhelp
(If you bought furniture on credit while you were married or in a registered domestic partnership and living together, the unpaid balance is a part of your community obligations.)

community property: Community property is everything that a husband and wife or registered domestic partners OWN TOGETHER. In most cases that includes:
(1) Money or benefits like pensions and stock options that you now have which either of you earned during the time you were living together as a married couple or as registered domestic partners; and
(2) Anything either of you bought with money earned during that period.
compensatory damages: Money that one person must pay another to cover the cost of a wrong or injury. (See damages.)

competence order: An order from a superior court that says a defendant is mentally able to go to trial. Tells the trial court to go ahead with the criminal case.

complainant: Person that wants to start a court case against another person. In a civil case, the complainant is the plaintiff. In a criminal case, the complainant is the state.

complaint: In civil cases, a written statement filed by the plaintiff that starts a case. Says what the plaintiff thinks the defendant did and asks the court for help. Also called the "initial pleading" or "petition." A complaint is also used to start a criminal case.

compulsory: Required by legal process or by law.

concurrent sentences: Sentences you can serve at the same time. For example, if you have concurrent sentences of 10 years and 5 years, you must serve a total of 10 years. (Compare with consecutive sentences.)

confession: When someone admits, out loud or in writing, that they committed a certain crime. (Compare with admission.)

confidential record: Information in a court case that is not available to the public. (See public record, sealed record.)

conform copies: To get or file copies of an original document.

consecutive sentences: Sentences that you serve one after the other. For example, if you have consecutive sentences of 10 years and 5 years, you must serve a total of 15 years. (Compare with concurrent sentences.)
Appendix A - Forms | Superior Court of California | County of Alameda
1/1/2011
Misdemeanor Plea Attachment (VC 14601 Penalties)
ALA CR-002B*
1/1/2011
Misdemeanor Plea Attachment (DUI Penalties)
ALA CR-002C*
1/1/2011
Misdemeanor Plea Attachment (VC 23103 / 23103.5)
ALA CR-060
1/1/2020
Advisement and Waiver of Right to Counsel (Faretta Waiver)
ALA CRM-050*
1/2/2015

Petition for Resentencing - Response and Order
(PC 1170.18) --for defendants currently serving sentences, including probation

ALA CRM-051*
12/22/2014

Application for Reduction to Misdemeanor - Response and Order
(PC 1170.18(f)) --for persons who have completed their sentences

ALA CRM-052
1/1/2017
Advisement of Rights for Arraignment Without Interpreter

CRM 014

4/27/2020
Order Re: Release on Own Recognizance
Family Law
Form No.
Date Adopted or Revised
Title
ALA FL-002*
1/1/2008
Stipulation and Order Appointing Private Child Custody Recommending Mediator
ALA FL-002-ATTACHMT*
1/1/2008
Consent to Serve and Certification of Private Child Custody Recommending Mediator
ALA FL-004
1/1/2008
Order Appointing Accounting Expert
ALA FL-006
1/1/2008
Order Appointing Real Estate Expert
ALA FL-008*
1/1/2009
Attachment to Order Appointing Child Custody Evaluator(FORM FL-327)
ALA FL-010
7/1/2014
Declaration Regarding Notice and Delivery of Request for Temporary Emergency Orders
ALA FL-015*
1/1/2009
Agreement for Child Visitation Supervision
ALA FL-015-INFO*
7/1/2014
Guidelines for Child Visitation Supervision
Criminal | Superior Court of California | County of Tuolumne
Jail and Prison Facilities Grand Jury Report

School Safety Grand Jury Report

Judicial Assignments

Judge Kevin M. Seibert Biography

Judge Laura L. Krieg Biography

Judge Hallie Gorman Campbell Biography

Judge David C. Beyersdorf Biography

Commissioner Steven S. Streger Biography

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Divisions

Criminal

 Criminal
 

If you are the victim of a crime, there are resources available to you. Please contact the District Attorney’s Office at (209)588-5450, or Victim Witness Assistance at (209) 588-5443 for information.
A criminal case is a proceeding in which someone is charged with a public offense (i.e., with committing a crime). DUI, fish & game, and dog/animal control citations are also processed in the criminal division.
 If you have hired an attorney, or an attorney has been appointed to represent you, please contact them for assistance.
Criminal cases range from minor offenses such as traffic matters, to serious matters like robbery and murder.  The State of California, represented by the District Attorney’s Office, charges individuals with criminal offenses. 
California laws, statutes and ordinances classify crimes as infractions, misdemeanors or felonies. 
An infraction is punishable by a fine only. 
A misdemeanor is punishable by a fine, imprisonment in the county jail or both.
A felony is punishable by fines, imprisonment in state prison or county jail, and in some cases by death.
If you received a Pay or Appear Notice for your criminal case and are electing to pay your fine in lieu of appearing in Court you can use the Criminal Pay or Appear System.

Contact Us
Justice Center Courthouse
12855 Justice Center Drive
Sonora, CA  95370
California’s Child Welfare System: Addressing Disproportionalities and Disparities
The state provides prevention services—such as substance use disorder treatment and in‑home parenting support—to families at risk of child removal to help families remain together, if possible. When children cannot remain safely in their homes, the state provides temporary out‑of‑home placements through the foster care system, often while providing services to parents with the aim of safely reunifying children with their families. If children are unable to safely return to their parents, the state provides assistance to establish a permanent placement for children, for example, through adoption or guardianship. These various services constitute the state’s child welfare system. 
Child Welfare System Intervention May Be Necessary for Child Safety, but Also May Result in Additional Trauma. Families who come to the attention of the child welfare system often are experiencing poverty and other significant challenges, such as substance use disorder or domestic violence, which can cause trauma to the children and family. Given the shorter‑ and longer‑term negative impacts of experiencing trauma and maltreatment, child welfare system intervention may be necessary to help keep children safe from these potentially harmful situations. At the same time, involvement with the child welfare system also may result in trauma, particularly when a child is removed from their parent(s) or caregiver(s). How best to ensure child safety in a way that minimizes and mitigates trauma and ideally keeps the child with their parent(s)/caregiver(s) is a core challenge inherent to the child welfare system. 
California’s Child Welfare System‑Involved Families Are Disproportionately Black, Native American, and Low Income. Black and Native American children are significantly overrepresented in California’s child welfare system relative to their shares of California’s child population. Moreover, these children and their families tend to have worse child welfare outcomes, such as longer time spent in out‑of‑home care and higher likelihood of termination of parental rights. In addition, most families involved with the child welfare system are experiencing poverty or otherwise facing significant economic hardship. These demographic and outcome trends have persisted for many years.
Traffic - Frequently Asked Questions: Sacramento Superior Court

forwarded to an outside collection agency. In addition, you will not be allowed back
 	into Court to discuss your case.
Can I make monthly payments on a failure to pay fine?

 	If your case has been referred to an outside collection agency, monthly payments can be made.
 	

V) Fines
Are there any alternatives to paying the fine?

 	Yes, for non-mandatory infraction cases, a clerk may grant a payment alternative
 	as a bail forfeiture option in lieu of appearing in Court. However, if you have
 	a mandatory infraction or misdemeanor case. In that case, you must appear in court
 	and make your request for a payment alternative to the Judicial Officer. In addition,
 	the Court will review your driving and court appearance record before any such request
 	is granted.

 	Even if community service is granted, you will still be required
 	to pay court fees. In addition, there will be fees due to the Community
 	Service Office.

 	You cannot perform community service and request Traffic School at the same time.

 	For misdemeanor violations you can serve jail time in lieu of paying the fine.
 	You will also be required to pay court fees and 
 	
 	Sheriff's Work Project office - external link fees.
Can I request a reduction of the fine?

 	The Court will not negotiate or lower your fine at arraignment. If you enter a plea
 	of Guilty or No Contest, the Court will use the standard fine from the
 	
 	Uniform Bail and Penalty Schedule (California Rules of Court 4.102) - external link. This amount can
 	also be increased due to points or priors on your driving record.

VI Out-of-County Citation
Can I take care of a ticket in Sacramento that I received in another county?

	You must clear the ticket in the county where it was issued. Contact the court
	in the county where the ticket was issued for more information.

VII) Proof of Correction

 	Any law enforcement officer can write a citation for a correctable violation. Some
 	violations can be certified using the back side of your citation. See the
 	
 	How to Show Proof of Correction web page for more information.
Juvenile Court: Sacramento Superior Court

If the child is out of the home, it reports on whether the child can be returned to the parents or on the development of an alternative permanent plan
 	 if the child cannot be returned. If the report indicates that the family problems are resolved, the Court may terminate dependency at this time. If problems remain which require the
 	 help of the Department of Health and Human Services, dependency will continue. Such reviews occur as long as the child remains a dependent.

 	 	If the child was removed from the parent(s), placed in foster care, and the Court determines at a second six-month review that reunification of child and parent is not likely, the Court will
 	 	attempt to find a permanent home for the child. This may take the form of freeing the child for adoption or guardianship or long-term foster placement.

Juvenile Justice

What is the purpose of Juvenile Justice Court?


 	 The purposes of the Juvenile Justice Court are: to protect, to give guidance, and to punish children who commit delinquent acts, and to protect the community.

 	 	If your child becomes a ward of the Juvenile Justice Court, the court will make orders for you and your child so that your child and the community will be protected.

What does it mean to be a ward of the Juvenile Justice Court?


 	 Your child may be allowed to live in your home under court supervision; or

 	 	Your child may be placed outside of your home in an unlocked or locked facility, depending upon your child's age, the seriousness of
 	 	the offense, and your child's history of delinquency.

 	 	The petition and other papers you may have received say your child is accused of having done certain delinquent acts. The petition does not
 	 	prove anything, but it is important for you to know what your child is accused of having done. You have the right to receive a copy of the petition.

My child was arrested and taken into custody. What will happen?


 	 Your child was most likely taken to the Sacramento County Youth Detention Facility at 9601 Kiefer Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95827 (cross street is Bradshaw Road).

 	 	One of the following could occur:

The arresting officer may release your child back to your custody.