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Why Citizen Science for Precipitation?
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Home › Private: Citizen Science › Why Citizen Science for Precipitation? › Step By Step: Backyard Observation

Step By Step: Backyard Observation

It’s all a matter of perspective: measuring rain from the ground.
Citizen scientists can contribute much to the understanding of rainfall patterns by reporting precipitation totals at their location. The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network, or CoCoRaHS, collects reports of daily rain, hail and snow events from citizen scientists that are used by a variety of organizations and individuals ranging from the National Weather Service to insurance adjusters and water resources managers. Citizen scientists can join the CoCoRaHs network and contribute data or simply examine the data archives to inquire about local rainfall patterns. CoCoRaHS originated in 1998 at the Colorado Climate Center at Colorado State University. It now has over 12,000 observers in thirty-nine states. (Adapted from What is CoCoRaHS?)
Supplies

Rain Gauge: CoCoRaHS Website has a list of suppliers, approximately $20-25

Weather your way 
Ambient weather

Wooden 4″ X 4″ Post with a beveled top for mounting gauge
Tools for placing the post into the ground such as a shovel, drill, screwdriver, hammer, nails/screws and level to attach gauge to post.
Detailed map of your location
Google Earth (to identify the latitude and longitude of your test site)
Data sampling sheet, available in the Tools section of this guide and from idoscience.net, where you can share your observations with other citizen scientists.

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At our first brainstorming session, someone called the plumes "Cold Faithful," and that helped crystallize this idea quite quickly.There's no right way up in space, so for fun, we turned the surface upside down from the point of view of the visitors in the picture. Kepler-186fHarris:The concept here was about how plants might be very different colors on planets around other stars, since the star's spectrum of light would be different. So we played on an old saying, with "the grass is always redder on the other side of the fence."There's whimsy in the design, making people wonder why there would be this white picket fence on an alien planet. HD 40307g | Super EarthDelgado:As we discussed ideas for a poster about super Earths -- bigger planets, more massive, with more gravity -- we asked, "Why would that be a cool place to visit?"We saw an ad for people jumping off mountains in the Alps wearing squirrel suits, and it hit us that this could be a planet for thrill-seekers. Kepler-16bHarris:This was the first poster we designed in the series. The concept was really clear from the very beginning and set the tone for everything that came after. When we showed it to the scientists, the only thing they wanted us to tweak was to make the color of one of the stars (and the shadow it casts) different from the other star. PSO J318.5-22Harris:This design fell right out of the tagline, "where the nightlife never ends," which was perfect for a wandering planet that has no star.We wanted to evoke a sense of elegance, so we leaned heavily on 1930s art deco for this one. It's sort of retro-future fantasy, but again, there's a bit of real science inspiring it. 
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A property of matter that prevents light from passing through it. The opacity or opaqueness of something depends on the frequency of the light. For instance, the atmosphere of Venus is transparent to ultraviolet light, but is opaque to visible light.
orbit
The path of an object that is moving around a second object or point.
OSO 3
Orbiting Solar Observatory 3

 Tell me more about OSO 3

OSO 8
Orbiting Solar Observatory 8

 Tell me more about OSO 8

P
pair production
The physical process whereby a gamma-ray photon, usually through an interaction with the electromagnetic field of a nucleus, produces an electron and an anti-electron (positron). The original photon no longer exists, its energy having gone to the two resulting particles. The inverse process, pair annihilation, creates two gamma-ray photons from the mutual destruction of an electron/positron pair.

 Tell me how astronomers use pair production

parallax
The apparent motion of a relatively close object compared to a more distant background as the location of the observer changes. Astronomically, it is half the angle which a a star appears to move as the earth moves from one side of the sun to the other.
parsec
The distance to an object which has a parallax of one arc second. It is equal to 3.26 light years, or 3.1 x 1018 cm (see scientific notation). A kiloparsec (kpc) is equal to 1000 parsecs. A megaparsec (Mpc) is equal to a million (106) parsecs.
periapsis
The point in an orbit when two objects are closest together. Special names are given to this point for commonly used systems: see periastron, perihelion, and perigee. The opposite of apoapsis.
periastron
The point of closest approach of two stars, as in a binary star orbit. Opposite of apastron.
perigee
The point in its orbit where an Earth satellite is closest to the Earth. Opposite of apogee.
perihelion
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Scope It Out! includes an introduction to telescopes and two matching games.
NASA Earth Observatory - Image Use Policy


 

NASA Earth Observatory - Image Use Policy

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                        Most materials published on the Earth
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In those cases, you must obtain the copyright holder’s permission; we usually provide links to the organization that holds the copyright.
We ask that NASA’s Earth Observatory be given credit for its original materials; the only mandatory credit is NASA.
For more information about using NASA imagery visit the Media Usage Guidelines page.

What is the highest resolution of a single pixel for the datasets we use?
The highest resolution of a single pixel that we publish is from astronaut photography. The resolution varies by lens and can capture up to 3-meters (˜10 feet) in spatial resolution. You can see houses and streets at this resolution, but they are not very clear. Also, because this data is taken by a human on the International Space Station, there most likely is not a consistent revisit period. The rest of the satellite imagery we have has a minimum spatial resolution of 10 meters (˜33 feet).

Where can I download the highest resolution of an image on Earth Observatory?
We usually provide a download link below each image. You can also access all of the formats and resolutions we have available for an image on visibleearth.nasa.gov.

Where can I find datasets the Earth Observatory uses for further research?
NASA Earthdata provides access to NASA’s Earth science data. Start in the Getting Started section to learn about searching and retrieving data.

View the rest of our Frequently Asked Questions.

Before you send your message, take a look at these answers to Frequently Asked Questions.

May I reuse imagery that is on your site?
Most materials published on the Earth Observatory, including images, are freely available for re-publication or re-use, including commercial purposes, except for where copyright is indicated. In those cases, you must obtain the copyright holder’s permission; we usually provide links to the organization that holds the copyright.
We ask that NASA’s Earth Observatory be given credit for its original materials; the only mandatory credit is NASA.
For more information about using NASA imagery visit the Media Usage Guidelines page.

What is the highest resolution of a single pixel for the datasets we use?
The highest resolution of a single pixel that we publish is from astronaut photography.
Education News & Blogs – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Read more below about when you can safely view the total solar eclipse without eclipse glasses or a solar filter. Visit the NASA Eclipse website for more information on safe eclipse viewing. When following proper safety guidelines, witnessing an eclipse is an unparalleled experience. Many “eclipse chasers” have been known to travel the world to see solar eclipses. Here's what to expect on April 8, 2024: The start time and visibility of the eclipse will depend on your location. You can use the interactive map below to find detailed eclipse information, including timing and coverage, by entering in your location. A list of some of the cities and start times along the path of totality is available on the NASA Science website. Explore when and where to view the eclipse with this interactive map from NASA. Enter your zip code to see what will be visible in your viewing location and when to watch. Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio The eclipse begins when the edge of the Moon first crosses in front of the disk of the Sun. This is called a partial eclipse and might look as if a bite has been taken out of the Sun. It is important to keep your eclipse glasses on during all parts of the partial solar eclipse. The visible part of the Sun is tens of thousands of times brighter than what you see during totality. You can also use a pinhole camera to view the eclipse. An approximately 115-mile-wide strip known as the path of totality is where the shadow of the Moon, or umbra, will fall on Earth. Inside this path, totality will be visible starting about 65 to 75 minutes after the eclipse begins. If you are in the path of totality, it is safe to take off your eclipse glasses and look at the total eclipse only during totality. Be sure to put your glasses back on before the total phase ends and the surface of the Sun becomes visible again. Your viewing location during the eclipse will determine how long you can see the eclipse in totality. In the U.S., viewers can expect to see 3.5 to 5.5 minutes of totality.
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Eyes - NASA Science
Explore the Solar SystemEyes on AsteroidsTrack over 30,000 asteroids that are near Earth’s orbit, see the next 5 closest approaches to Earth, and learn about current and historic NASA asteroid and comet missions in this real-time 3D simulation of the solar system. Try out the interactive "scrolly-telling" that lets you learn about how we define a close approach or how we determine if an asteroid or comet is categorized as a "Potentially Hazardous Object." Or ride along with NASA missions as we make historical discoveries about asteroids and comets, such as the first time we landed on an asteroid, or impacted a comet. See the DART mission impact with a binary asteroid system, and much more. Eyes on Asteroids lets you track all the latest discoveries.Track the closest AsteroidsEyes on the EarthFly along with NASA's Earth science missions in real-time, monitor Earth's vital signs like Carbon Dioxide, Ozone and Sea Level, and see satellite imagery of the latest major weather events, all in an immersive, 3D environment. Ride along with the International Space Station, and watch the sun rise and set 16 times a day. Check out the latest Carbon Monoxide data to see if there are fires around the globe, or see the latest Precipitation and Soil Moisture data. Track dozens of NASA satellites as they take data above Earth. Watch videos and animations explaining the latest data trends, or go back in time to see past data. You can select a date range and play back global imagery and data going back twenty years, including major weather events. With Eyes on the Earth, you can track Earth's vital signs, live. View Earth's vital signsEyes on ExoplanetsAn exoplanet is a planet that is not in our solar system. It is estimated that there is at least one planet for every star in the galaxy, so there are a huge number to discover. Explore over 5,500 confirmed exoplanet systems in this 3D interactive simulation.  You can visit every exoplanet ever discovered and ride along with the spacecraft that found them. The app is constantly updated for the latest discoveries, and you can visit any system, compare it to our solar system, and see if any of the planets reside in the "habitable zone", indicating a possibility of life.
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Watchable Wildlife Sites

Check out the new New York State Birding Trail, and discover other wildlife watching events that happen near you and are included in DEC's Events Calendar.

Discover Great Wildlife Viewing Areas Near You

New York State has millions of acres of State Parks, forests and wildlife management areas that are home to hundreds of wildlife species, and all are open to the public. Choose from hundreds of trails and miles of rivers as well as marshes and wetlands. The webpage includes a full list of viewing sites and the best locations for finding your favorite mammal, bird, reptile, or insect.
If you have a favorite wildlife viewing site in New York, tell us where it is by emailing: [email protected]. Include as much information as you can about the site. It could be the next site added to New York State's Watchable Wildlife webpage.

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New York State Birding TrailThe trail highlights world-class birding opportunities across the state and provides information on places anyone can go to find birds amid beautiful settings.
Earth Observation With Satellite | Terra
Click on the “download results” tab at the top of the page.
Scroll down to the button of the page.
Under the heading “Output Files”, click the radio button next to the KMZ icon to select this option.
Then click the KMZ icon. It will download to your computer and, depending on your settings, launch Google Earth.

Once Google Earth has loaded, the file you will be able to see the precipitation pattern over the region that you selected.
In Google Earth, observe the map of rainfall intensity for the state of Indiana. In Google Earth, add other features such as rivers, roads and cities to your map.
In the summer of 2008 there were major floods in this region. Add the USGS EDNA watersheds layer.
Use the map to predict in which watersheds the floods would have occurred. How might you, as a local weather personality or hydrologist have advised the citizens living this region? Would you have encouraged citizens living downstream of Indianapolis to evacuate? Read more about this flooding event at an online news source such as MSNBC or CBS online.
You can broaden your understanding of the event using Giovanni to further analyze the satellite data.
Some other interesting visualizations that can be done in Giovanni:

Choose “animation” to see the amount of rain each day for the period linked together in a quick time movie.
Choose “Scatter plot” to plot rainfall data versus error to see the relationship between rainfall rate and error. The greater the rate the greater the error.
Return to the TRMM site and choose the monthly averages. Choose the “anomaly plot” for the two-year period between January 2007 and December 2008. “Animate” the monthly averages.

Going Further
Other groups also collect precipitation data, which may be used in a comparison with satellite data. These groups include:

Arizona: Rainlog
Minnesota: MNgauge
GLOBE
NWS COOP network

If you are interested in studying rainfall patterns in Arizona, you can map gauge data from Rainlog and satellite data in Google Earth. Both Giovanni and Rainlog will allow you to download a Google Earth file. By layering the two files in Google Earth, you can compare rainfall patterns.