vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Collection - Amazon Deforestation
Published Sep 26, 2019
 

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Fires
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Uptick in Amazon Fire Activity in 2019
Satellites have detected an increase in fire activity early in the 2019 dry season in the southern Amazon.
Published Aug 23, 2019
 

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Atmosphere
Heat
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Tracking Peruvian Forest Loss from Space
The Madre de Dios region has a rich concentration of endemic species, but their habitats are being threatened by human activity.
Published Apr 19, 2019
 

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Land
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Brazil’s Carajás Mines
The red-brown earth exposed by open pit mines contrast with the greens of the surrounding Amazon forest.
Published Feb 23, 2019
 

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Land
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Deforestation in Paraguay
Roughly 20 percent of Gran Chaco’s forest has been converted into farmland or grazing land since 1985.
Published May 1, 2018
 

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Human Presence

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Finding Fires in Peru
Peru’s intense fire season in 2016 saw burning extend into 11 of the country’s protected areas.
Published Feb 10, 2017
 

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Atmosphere
Heat
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Life

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Conditions Are Ripe for an Intense Fire Season in Amazonia
The 2015-16 El Niño has primed the rainforest and watershed for burning.
Published Jul 5, 2016
 

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Amazon Forest Fires
Astronauts caught a glimpse of rainforest being cleared for agriculture in Brazil.
Published Sep 22, 2014
 

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Atmosphere
Land
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Landsat 8 Detects New Deforestation in Peru
Free, open-access imagery helps scientists monitor remote areas and protect tropical forests.
Published Nov 19, 2013
 

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Fire in the Xingu River Basin
Collection - Applied Sciences
Published Oct 30, 2023
 

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Land
Water

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Tracking Canada’s Extreme 2023 Fire Season
A new system that draws upon active fire data from satellites is making it easier for scientists to track the spread of wildland fires in near real-time.
 
Published Oct 25, 2023
 

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Land
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Karamoja Beset with Drought
Poor harvests stemming from a prolonged dry spell have exacerbated food insecurity in northeastern Uganda.
Published Oct 23, 2023
 

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Land

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Drought Fuels Wildfires in the Amazon
With an El Niño brewing in the Pacific, uncontrolled fires are burning beneath the canopy in some parts of the rainforest.
Published Oct 19, 2023
 

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Indigenous Communities Protect the Amazon
Indigenous people are protecting carbon-rich forests in South America, and satellites are helping.
Published Oct 9, 2023
 

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Tracking Nightlights in Libya
Cities and towns darkened after a cyclone unleashed torrential flooding along the country’s coast.
Published Sep 25, 2023
 

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Human Presence

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Devastation in Morocco
Communities in the High Atlas Mountains were among the hardest hit after a magnitude 6.8 earthquake caused widespread damage.
Published Sep 20, 2023
 

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Land

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The Best Places to Plant Trees in Maryland
Using remote sensing, researchers have developed a method to guide the state of Maryland’s tree-planting efforts.
Published Sep 7, 2023
 

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Land
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Idalia Spawns Major Winds
The hurricane rapidly intensified over the Gulf of Mexico, weakening only slightly before making landfall over Florida.
Published Aug 30, 2023
 

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Idalia Roars Into the Gulf of Mexico
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California Firewood Task Force |faq
Some Midwest and East Coast states have quarantines that prevent you from moving firewood more than 50 miles, others donât allow you to move wood from county to county, and some states donât allow firewood to be transported from other states.
My firewood has no visible signs of insect or disease infestation. Is it OK to transport it?
There are no bugs, holes, burrows or sawdust. Is it OK to transport it?
Tiny insect eggs, or microscopic fungus spores, can elude experts. These tiny threats are enough to destroy an entire ecosystem. Never assume wood that "looks safe" is safe to move.
How far is too far?
A good rule of thumb is "âThe shorter the distance you move firewood, the better."
How should I dispose of my firewood if I accidentally move it a long distance?
Burn it quickly and completely. The sooner and faster you burn the wood, the less risk youâll pose to local live trees. Make sure to also rake up any dropped leaves, bark, twigs or other debris and burn them, as well. (Note: Please check burning restrictions/regulations before burning wood waste.)
What can I do with the fallen wood and brush from my property?
Firewood, brush and debris from your property pose no threat if you don't move it very far. Composting, chipping, burning or transporting it to a local disposal facility are acceptable ways of dealing with wood waste on your property. Moving firewood material long distances increases the risk. 
Where can I find out about firewood information in California?
The Department of Agriculture has information about best management practices or rules and regulations relating to firewood. Also visit the dontmovefirewood.org website for additional information.
What can I do to reduce the chances of moving invasive species in firewood?

Don't Move Firewood: Buy It Where You Burn It
Ask your firewood seller where he/she obtained the wood. If it isn't nearby, or its origin is unknown, consider obtaining your firewood from another local firewood seller.

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Seeds and squirrels: Nature’s approach to fire recovery
That said, black oaks have large reserves of nutrients and water that support prolific sprouting. Chances are you’ve seen mature black oaks that grow from many trunks, an indication they survived fires from years before.
Black oaks, like most other oaks, also reseed from acorns that fall on freshly burned soil or are brought in by squirrels and scrub jays who actually prefer burned sites to cache food for winter. The Creekside Trail in Shiloh Ranch Regional Park will be a place to observe black oaks rebounding.
Natural seed banks

For plants that didn’t survive the fires or can’t regrow, many have put down abundant seed into the soil. This “natural seed bank” is critical for recovery. In sites where the burn severity is low to moderate, the seed bank will readily respond in the months to come. Plants like the manzanita on Hood Mountain’s ridges largely depend on this strategy. Their seeds can persist for more than 40 years under the shade of their parent plants and only germinate after fire.
Many wildflower species are also represented in the natural seed bed and will respond next spring as rains subside and temperatures warm. Reny Parker, a well-known California Native Plant Society member, shared these photos showing how the seedbank responded after the Lake County fires. We will see this kind of response in our burned parks.
When is re-seeding necessary?
CAL FIRE experts recall the time 50 years ago when their post-fire approach was to spread rye grass seed from helicopters to prevent erosion. What they found was it actually made the situation worse because the grass seed out-competed the native vegetation and didn’t hold the soil together as well as the natural plants would have.
The same is true with “re-seeding” the parks. We have to be careful we are not accidentally replacing plants already on site. Even “native” seed is not necessarily representative of the plant community that existed pre-fire and will respond on its own post-fire.
For more severely burned sites, birds, animals, and the wind will bring in seed. The knobcone pine is a tree controlled exclusively by fire. Only temperatures of 400 degrees or more can melt their cones and release their seeds.
2021 Fire Season Incident Archive | CAL FIRE
5/30/2021

1,118 


 100% 

Mile Fire

Stanislaus
5/27/2021

508 


 100% 

Live Oak Fire

Mariposa
5/27/2021

197 


 100% 

Lake Fire

Riverside
5/24/2021

115 


 100% 

Tomki Fire

Mendocino
5/21/2021

18 


 100% 

Bluff Fire

Humboldt
5/21/2021

25 


 100% 

WeeVill Fire

Los Angeles
5/20/2021

300 


 100% 

Parkside Fire

Riverside
5/19/2021

17 


 100% 

Settlers Fire

El Dorado
5/19/2021

45 


 100% 

Davis Fire

Riverside
5/18/2021

300 


 100% 

Palisades Fire

Los Angeles
5/14/2021

1,202 


 100% 

Fields Fire

Merced
5/14/2021

97 


 100% 

R-1 Fire

Lassen
5/14/2021

29 


 100% 

Pine Fire

Los Angeles
5/12/2021

442 


 100% 

Quail Fire

Yuba
5/12/2021

35 


 100% 

Dillard Fire

Sacramento
5/08/2021

44 


 100% 

Granite Fire

Calaveras
5/08/2021

118 


 100% 

Gunnison Fire

Butte
5/08/2021

550 


 100% 

Bridge Fire

Riverside
5/05/2021

226 


 100% 

Creek Fire

Riverside
5/04/2021

32 


 100% 

Southern Fire

San Diego
5/02/2021

5,366 


 100% 

Salmon Fire

El Dorado
5/01/2021

32 


 100% 

Campo Fire

Calaveras
Rare Juniper Trail
As this tree demonstrates, as long as at least one trunk is left, the burl survives and the trunk continues to grow.A juniper at the northwest end of the park was half damaged by fire in 2006. The dead trunks will remain there for many years while the survivors on the same burl continue to grow.Burls produce new trunks up until the tree stops growing, possibly at between 75 and 130 years old.
Fires are extremely damaging in the desert. Many California plant species resprout from their roots after a fire, but the Juniper and most other native desert species do not.The land takes decades to recover, with "fire followers" such as bush poppy, golden ear drops or rabbit brush filling in.
6. Mysterious Wayward Plant Area
Some plants in this area are growing many miles from their normal range. These yuccas (Yucca whipplei) ordinarily grow in the foothills to the south. The cotton thorn, the flattop buckwheat, and the Anderson thorn typically grow near Littlerock and in areas of Quartz Hill that are now developed. Cheese bush is normally found north of Rosamond.Why we find a concentration of these wayward shrubs in this specific location is a mystery.
7. Juniper with Male Cones and Female Berries
Many tree species, such as California juniper, have separate male and female forms. Pam McKay, a Victor College professor, conducted a study which indicated that about 3% of California junipers change sex each year.This juniper tree, and two others farther down the trail, appeared to have been changing sex at the time this trail was built, in that they had both male cones and female berries. Now they only have male cones.California junipers are extremely drought resistant. The long tap root collects moisture from deep in the ground, peripheral roots collect surface moisture, and the leaves are tightly bound in the twigs which reduce moisture loss.
8. Recovering Farmed Area
The field of rabbit brush to the south of the trail is an area that was farmed up until 1972. The few small Joshua trees in this area were planted in an effort to restore the area back to its original condition.Juniper seeds rarely germinate in open land, however germination may be instigated by passing through the digestive tract of native animals.
CAL FIRE - Organizations - California Open Data
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These polygons depict vegetation management projects implemented under the CalVTP programmatic EIR. They can be fuel breaks in non-WUI or WUI or vegetation treatment projects...

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FEMA: Learn About the Types of Disasters 


FEMA: Learn About the Types of Disasters 

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Last Modified: Wednesday, 26-Apr-2006 10:56:23 EDT

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Floods | Ready.gov
Floods are the most common disaster in the United States. Failing to evacuate flooded areas or entering flood waters can lead to injury or death.
Floods may:
Result from rain, snow, coastal storms, storm surges and overflows of dams and other water systems.Develop slowly or quickly. Flash floods can come with no warning.Cause outages, disrupt transportation, damage buildings and create landslides.
 If you are under a flood warning:

Image
 

Find safe shelter right away.Do not walk, swim or drive through flood waters. Turn Around, Don’t Drown!Remember, just six inches of moving water can knock you down, and one foot of moving water can sweep your vehicle away.Stay off bridges over fast-moving water.Depending on the type of flooding:Evacuate if told to do so.Move to higher ground or a higher floor.Stay where you are.

Preparing for a Flood

Know Your Risk for FloodsVisit FEMA's Flood Map Service Center to know types of flood risk in your area.  Sign up for your community’s warning system. The Emergency Alert System (EAS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Radio also provide emergency alerts.
Purchase Flood InsurancePurchase or renew a flood insurance policy. Homeowner’s insurance policies do not cover flooding. It typically takes up to 30 days for a policy to go into effect so the time to buy is well before a disaster. Get flood coverage under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).

Preparing for a FloodMake a plan for your household, including your pets, so that you and your family know what to do, where to go, and what you will need to protect yourselves from flooding. Learn and practice evacuation routes, shelter plans, and flash flood response. Gather supplies, including non-perishable foods, cleaning supplies, and water for several days, in case you must leave immediately or if services are cut off in your area.
In Case of EmergencyKeep important documents in a waterproof container. Create password-protected digital copies. Protect your property. Move valuables to higher levels. Declutter drains and gutters. Install check valves. Consider a sump pump with a battery.
FEMA: Get Disaster Information


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Are you at risk for flooding? Learn why you need flood insurance.

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Last Modified: Friday, 19-Sep-2008 15:18:02 EDT

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FEMA 500 C Street SW, Washington, D.C. 20472Disaster Assistance: (800) 621-FEMA, TTY (800) 462-7585
FEMA: Helping Children Cope with Disaster
Who is at Risk?
For many children, reactions to disasters are brief and represent normal reactions to "abnormal events." A smaller number of children can be at risk for more enduring psychological distress as a function of three major risk factors:

Direct exposure to the disaster, such as being evacuated, observing injuries or death of others, or experiencing injury along with fearing one’s life is in danger.
Loss/grief: This relates to the death or serious injury of family or friends.
On-going stress from the secondary effects of disaster, such as temporarily living elsewhere, loss of friends and social networks, loss of personal property, parental unemployment, and costs incurred during recovery to return the family to pre-disaster life and living conditions.

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What Creates Vulnerabilities in Children?
In most cases, depending on the risk factors above, distressing responses are temporary. In the absence of severe threat to life, injury, loss of loved ones, or secondary problems such as loss of home, moves, etc., symptoms usually diminish over time. For those that were directly exposed to the disaster, reminders of the disaster such as high winds, smoke, cloudy skies, sirens, or other reminders of the disaster may cause upsetting feelings to return. Having a prior history of some type of traumatic event or severe stress may contribute to these feelings.
Children’s coping with disaster or emergencies is often tied to the way parents cope. They can detect adults’ fears and sadness. Parents and adults can make disasters less traumatic for children by taking steps to manage their own feelings and plans for coping. Parents are almost always the best source of support for children in disasters. One way to establish a sense of control and to build confidence in children before a disaster is to engage and involve them in preparing a family disaster plan. After a disaster, children can contribute to a family recovery plan.
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A Child’s Reaction to Disaster by Age
Below are common reactions in children after a disaster or traumatic event.
Birth through 2 years. When children are pre-verbal and experience a trauma, they do not have the words to describe the event or their feelings. However, they can retain memories of particular sights, sounds, or smells.
FEMA: Flood


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Flood

Floods are one of the most common hazards in the United States. Flood effects can be local, impacting a neighborhood or community, or very large, affecting entire river basins and multiple states.
However, all floods are not alike. Some floods develop slowly, sometimes over a period of days. But flash floods can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any visible signs of rain. Flash floods often have a dangerous wall of roaring water that carries rocks, mud, and other debris and can sweep away most things in its path. Overland flooding occurs outside a defined river or stream, such as when a levee is breached, but still can be destructive. Flooding can also occur when a dam breaks, producing effects similar to flash floods.
Be aware of flood hazards no matter where you live, but especially if you live in a low-lying area, near water or downstream from a dam. Even very small streams, gullies, creeks, culverts, dry streambeds, or low-lying ground that appear harmless in dry weather can flood. Every state is at risk from this hazard.
What is the flood risk where I live?
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Know your flood terms
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Last Modified: Friday, 13-Jun-2008 13:32:33 EDT

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FEMA 500 C Street SW, Washington, D.C. 20472Disaster Assistance: (800) 621-FEMA, TTY (800) 462-7585