vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
MODIS Web
All imagery can be viewed through Worldview. To help users, the imagery have been organized into 10 application categories to assist users in monitoring and 
 analyzing a variety of natural and man-made hazards and disasters (e.g. ash plumes and fires). MODIS Subsets and MODIS Near Real-Time (Orbit Swath) Images are also available.
The University of Wisconsin – Madison’s 
 Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC)
http://eosweb.ssec.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/eosdb.cgi
 Provides access to images and information on Terra and Aqua 
 MODIS direct broadcast data for the current day. It also provides 
 links to the actual data, orbital tracks, and the hardware 
 and software necessary to receive direct broadcast data.
The University of Miami’s Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing (CSTARS)
 http://www.cstars.miami.edu/
 The CSTARS ground station (which falls under RSMAS) acquires DB data and processes to 250m corrected reflectance, SST, LST, NDVI, and OC. The data is processed automatically after acquisition and streamed to their 
 website.

The Goddard Space Flight Center’s Direct Readout 
 Laboratory
http://directreadout.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/
 Provides access to Terra and Aqua MODIS direct broadcast data, 
 Quick-Look images, viewing software, ephemeris data, and information 
 about the hardware and software necessary to receive direct 
 broadcast data. This site also provides Direct Broadcast data 
 for other instruments on the Aqua and Terra spacecraft.

The University of South Florida's MODIS Direct Broadcast 
 Data Products
http://modis.marine.usf.edu/
 Provides access to a variety of direct broadcast data images 
 including true color, SST, Chlorophyll a_2, Cholorophyll a_3, 
 and has links to various coverage areas. 
 USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center (RSAC)
http://activefiremaps.fs.fed.us
News and Events | Terra
But because of Terra’s unique morning orbit timing and scheduled location, the satellite’s wide view will capture the eclipse shadow in the early morning hours and over the ocean, limiting visible contrast but still recording important data to be later used in reconstructing this event. Check out the sections below for additional information and eclipse-viewing resources from NASA!

Projected swath in green shows Terra’s view of eclipse totality on April 8, 2024, over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Credit: Earth Observing System (EOS) / Terra Flight Dynamics System (FDS) 

NASA Eyes on Earth Interactive Tool

Want to learn more about where and when to view the upcoming full eclipse this April 8th? Check out NASA’s new Eclipse 2024 addition to their Eyes on Earth interactive graphic (click image to open tool webpage). 
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/VTAD

Other NASA Eclipse 2024 Resources 
For all things NASA Eclipse 2024 related, visit the official website here!
https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/future-eclipses/eclipse-2024/

Top 2023 Terra & Earth Observatory Stories

Posted on February 20, 2024 by Nyssa Rayne 
	Posted in News and Events 

Before we kick off an exciting year — full of celebrating Terra’s upcoming 25th Anniversary! — let’s take a moment to look back at the top-viewed monthly Earth Observatory stories featuring the Terra mission from 2023! 
Click the linked month in each banner to jump down to a brief article summary and image thumbnail. 
Want to know more? Click on either the linked URL or the image thumbnail below to view the original Earth Observatory story!

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

January 2023: “Antarctica’s Brunt Ice Shelf Finally Breaks“
The long-awaited break of the Chasm 1 rift in the Brunt Ice Shelf in Antarctica occurred on January 22, 2023, spawning Iceberg A-81, approximately 1550 square kilometers in size, as observed by NASA’s Terra satellite on January 24, 2023, marking a culmination of the rift’s growth since the 1970s.
May | 2012 | Terra
And, finally how did you get interested in science and, then, decided to study weather?
LDG: NASA’s Viking mission beamed back spectacular true color images of Mars. I was a kid when I first looked at those images – it completely reshaped and redirected my thinking. The visual cue of true color images from another planet was absolutely awesome. I was also a fan of Star Trek. So I enrolled as an undergraduate student in Astrophysics and later as a graduate student in Atmospheric Sciences. I became aware of environmental problems we faced on our planet and the challenges in observing Earth from space. I wanted to help, but I still wanted to work from the vantage point of space. I was fortunate to be part of the Terra mission. When MISR and MODIS beamed back wide-swath true-color images of Earth, I got that same awesome feeling as when I first looked at Viking images. And when we fused the multiple-views from MISR to produce 3-D images”¦ it was like floating in space!

 

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Seeing, Believing: 15 Years of Exoplanet Images – Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System
Still a relatively minor player in the detection of exoplanets, direct imaging’s role will expand in the years and decades to come, promising deep insights into the nature of distant planets as technology improves. But even then, each “image” of a planet will still be just a handful of pixels.
That might sound disappointing, especially in the era of spectacular sci-fi movie effects. If we find an “Earth-like” planet, we won’t see continents and oceans – at least not yet. But that tiny dot of light will contain a flood of information: details of the planet’s atmosphere, clouds, temperature, and perhaps even signs of some form of life.
By splitting the light from that tiny dot into a spectrum of colors, scientists can spot missing lines from that spectrum – slices of light absorbed by molecules in the planet’s atmosphere as starlight is reflected from the atmosphere or surface. The missing slices correspond to specific gases and molecules in the planet’s atmosphere, a detection method known as spectroscopy.
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is already using onboard spectrographs to tease out the components of exoplanet atmospheres. In the years ahead, the agency’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, to be launched by May 2027, is designed to study the cloudy atmospheres of mature, Jupiter-sized exoplanets. The Habitable Worlds Observatory, a mission concept now in the early planning stages, is expected to refine this technology, to measure the atmospheric composition of small, rocky planets like our own, all from those little dots of directly imaged exoplanets.
Ygouf is part of the project science team for the Roman telescope’s coronagraph instrument, which will block the glare from a parent star so the light from its planets can be detected. Meant to be a technology demonstration, the instrument includes two flexible mirrors to correct distortions in the light caused by the instrument and by the telescope itself.
She says the direct imaging techniques that caught fire with Beta Pictoris could someday solve one of the ultimate mysteries.
“With this technique, we may be able to answer that very fundamental question: Is there any life in the universe outside of Earth?” she said.
NASA Earth-Science App Wants You - Museum Alliance | NASA/JPL Edu
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Museum Alliance| August 31, 2016

NASA Earth-Science App Wants You
By Amelia Chapman

 

At museums, people can get involved with NASA science and participate in hands-on learning, and now, thanks to a new app from the agency, they can take the experience with them through citizen science.
The GLOBE Observer app invites people of all ages around the world to contribute to the agency’s Earth-science missions by making their own observations about the planet to complement those made by satellites. Students and others have already been collecting, sharing, and analyzing Earth data on the GLOBE program website for more than 20 years through schools, museums and after-school programs. The app provides a new way for individuals to join in and add to the data sets of more than 100 million measurements.
The GLOBE Observer app will eventually feature a number of citizen-science projects, but the inaugural project, called GLOBE Clouds, will ask users to collect local data that can help scientists interpret satellite observations of clouds – a critical indicator for understanding climate and climate change. No special knowledge is needed to use the app, but participants will probably learn something new! The app walks users through recording sky conditions and cloud types, plus taking photos of what they see. Future projects on the app will let citizen scientists assist with monitoring land-cover and mosquito populations.
 Museums and science organizations are getting involved too by setting up accounts that let teams of citizen scientists collect data on their behalf.
NASA Astronomical Virtual Observatories


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Use NAVO to access all of NASA's astronomy data.
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These pages describe the work of the NASA Astronomical Virtual
Observatories (NAVO), a collaboration of NASA's astronomy archives,
who have developed a comprehensive model for distributing data through
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data may can go directly to our NAVO
services page to learn how to use these.  We also provide an
introduction to the virtual observatory interfaces used, the details of the mission implementation,
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Go Outside and See the Geminids! 

With the holidays right around the corner, most of us are in gift-giving mode… and one of our favorite gifts every December is the Geminid meteor shower!
This year, the peak is during the overnight hours of December 13 and into the morning of December 14. If you can’t catch the Geminids on Friday night, no worries — viewing should still be good on the night of December 14 into the early morning hours of the 15th.
The Geminids are pieces of debris from an asteroid called 3200 Phaethon. Earth runs into Phaethon’s debris stream every year in mid-December, causing meteors to fly from the direction of the constellation Gemini – hence the name “Geminids.”
Under dark, clear skies, the Geminids can produce up to 120 meteors per hour. But this year, a bright, nearly full moon will hinder observations of the shower. Observers can hope to see up to 30 meteors per hour.
A Geminid streaks across the sky in this photo from December 2019. Image Credit: NASA
HOW CAN YOU SEE THE GEMINIDS?
Weather permitting, the Geminids can best be viewed from around midnight to 4 a.m. local time. The best time to see them is around 2 a.m. your local time on December 14. This time is when the Geminid radiant is highest in your night sky. The radiant is the celestial point in the sky from which the paths of meteors appear to originate.
The higher the radiant rises into the sky, the more meteors you are likely to see.
Find the darkest place you can and give your eyes about 30 minutes to adapt to the dark. Avoid looking at your cell phone, as it will disrupt your night vision. Lie flat on your back and look straight up, taking in as much sky as possible. You should soon start to see Geminid meteors!
As the night progresses, the Geminid rate will increase. If you see a meteor, try to trace it backwards.
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Article2 Min ReadHubble Captures a Bright Spiral in the Queen’s HairArticle5 Min ReadGalaxies Actively Forming in Early Universe Caught Feeding on Cold GasArticle5 Min ReadNASA’s TESS Finds Intriguing World Sized Between Earth, VenusArticle5 Min ReadNASA’s Compact Infrared Cameras Enable New Science 
 

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In those cases, you must obtain the copyright holder’s permission; we usually provide links to the organization that holds the copyright.
We ask that NASA’s Earth Observatory be given credit for its original materials; the only mandatory credit is NASA.
For more information about using NASA imagery visit the Media Usage Guidelines page.

What is the highest resolution of a single pixel for the datasets we use?
The highest resolution of a single pixel that we publish is from astronaut photography. The resolution varies by lens and can capture up to 3-meters (˜10 feet) in spatial resolution. You can see houses and streets at this resolution, but they are not very clear. Also, because this data is taken by a human on the International Space Station, there most likely is not a consistent revisit period. The rest of the satellite imagery we have has a minimum spatial resolution of 10 meters (˜33 feet).

Where can I download the highest resolution of an image on Earth Observatory?
We usually provide a download link below each image. You can also access all of the formats and resolutions we have available for an image on visibleearth.nasa.gov.

Where can I find imagery of natural events?
WorldView is a great place for accessing imagery of natural events beyond what Earth Observatory covers. To find out more about which NASA satellite datasets can be used for researching natural events, check out the Disasters Data Pathfinder on Earthdata.

Where can I find datasets the Earth Observatory uses for further research?
NASA Earthdata provides access to NASA’s Earth science data. Start in the Getting Started section to learn about searching and retrieving data.

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Our website is designed to focus primarily on Earth or stories that tie back to Earth. There are other NASA websites that focus on other planets and astronomical bodies in our solar system. Here are a few:

https://www.nasa.gov/moon
https://mars.nasa.gov/
What's Up: May 2024 Skywatching Tips from NASA - NASA Science
Antares slips behind the Moon for East Coast U.S. skywatchers. And the eta Aquariid meteors peak May 6th.TranscriptWhat's Up for May? The Moon hangs out with Saturn twice this month, the Scorpion's "heart" briefly goes missing, and meteors in the morning, courtesy of Comet Halley.On May 3rd, in the hour or so before dawn, you'll find the crescent Moon rising with Saturn in morning twilight. The pair are trailed by the Red Planet, Mars, which rises about 45 minutes after Saturn. They form a nice lineup in the east for early risers to enjoy. Then, on the following morning, the Moon shows a slimmer crescent and has moved between Saturn and Mars. The two planets are continuing to widen their separation following a close conjunction in early April, where they appeared super close in the sky.Sky chart showing the Moon appearing very close to Saturn in the morning sky on May 31. NASA/JPL-CaltechAnd if you have a clear view to the horizon, you might just catch a glimpse of Mercury rising in the hour before the Sun. It's shining pretty brightly, but it's also low in the sky and competing with dawn twilight, so it makes for a good challenge. Those in the Southern Hemisphere will have an easier time spotting Mercury, as it rises a good bit higher in the sky for you.On May 23rd, the full Moon will appear quite close to the bright red star Antares, in Scorpius, as the pair rise. But for those on the East Coast of the U.S. – south of Delaware and down through the whole state of Florida – you'll actually observe the Moon pass in front of Antares – an event called an occultation. Over a couple of hours as the pair rise into the night sky, the Moon will move slightly in its orbit, first obscuring and then revealing Antares. And finally, on May 31st, planet Saturn rises in the wee hours of the morning with the crescent Moon in tow. If you're up early on the final day of May, you'll find the pair toward the southeast.
An EPIC New View of Earth
Once known as Triana, the satellite was conceived in 1998 to provide continuous views of Earth, to monitor the solar wind, and to measure fluctuations in Earth’s albedo. The mission was put on hold in 2001, and the partly-built satellite ended up in storage for several years with an uncertain future. In 2008, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA, and the U.S. Air Force decided to refurbish and update the spacecraft for launch.
On February 11, 2015, DSCOVR was finally lofted into space by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. After a journey of about 1.6 million kilometers (1 million miles) to the L1 Lagrange Point, the satellite and its Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) has returned its first view of the entire sunlit side of Earth. At L1—four times farther than the orbit of the Moon—the gravitational pull of the Sun and Earth cancel out, providing a stable orbit and a continuous view of Earth. The image above was made by combining information from EPIC’s red, green, and blue bands. (Bands are narrow regions of the electromagnetic spectrum to which a remote sensing instrument responds. When EPIC collects data, it takes a series of 10 images at different bands—from ultraviolet to near-infrared.)
This first public image shows the effects of sunlight scattered by air molecules, giving the disk a characteristic bluish tint. The EPIC team is developing data processing techniques that will emphasize land features and remove this atmospheric effect. Once the instrument begins regular data acquisition, new images will be available every day, 12 to 36 hours after they are acquired by EPIC. These images will be posted to a dedicated web page by autumn 2015. Data from EPIC will be used to measure ozone and aerosol levels in Earth’s atmosphere, as well as cloud height, vegetation properties, and the ultraviolet reflectivity of Earth. NASA will use this data for a number of Earth science applications, including dust and volcanic ash maps of the entire planet.
“This first DSCOVR image of our planet demonstrates the unique and important benefits of Earth observation from space,” said NASA Administrator Charles Bolden.
October | 2019 | Terra
Download the GLOBE Observer app, after registering, tap the clouds protocol icon, and then follow the prompts within the app. Before you know it, you’ll be a cloud expert and be providing valuable data from the ground about what’s up in your sky. The Fall Cloud Challenge runs October 15 – November 15, 2019.
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/earthmatters/2019/10/04/nasa-globe-fall-data-challenge-whats-up-in-your-sky/

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