vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
NASA Awards Launch Services Contract for Europa Clipper Mission – NASA's Europa Clipper
La poetisa laureada estadounidense Ada Limón, conocida por su trabajo que explora la conexión humana con el mundo natural, está escribiendo un nuevo poema dedicado a la misión Europa Clipper de la NASA.

Una voz entre las estrellas: Poema de la poetisa laureada estadounidense Ada Limón viajará a Europa en una nave espacial de la NASA

U.S. Poet Laureate Ada Limón, who is known for work that explores the human connection to the natural world, is crafting a new poem dedicated to NASA’s Europa Clipper mission.

A Voice Among the Stars: Poem by U.S. Poet Laureate Ada Limón Will Ride to Europa on NASA Spacecraft

Carlisa Drew went from being a commercial electrician to wiring the electrical system for NASA’s Europa Clipper propulsion module. 

Mission Dispatch: Wiring Europa Clipper's Propulsion Module

Finding plumes at Europa is an exciting prospect, but scientists warn it’ll be tricky, even from up close.

Are Water Plumes Spraying From Europa? NASA's Europa Clipper Is on the Case

Take a closer look at the complex choreography involved in building NASA’s Europa Clipper as the mission to explore Jupiter’s moon Europa approaches its 2024 launch date.

A Few Steps Closer to Europa: Spacecraft Hardware Makes Headway

Jupiter’s moon Europa may have the potential to harbor life. The spacecraft will use multiple flybys of the moon to investigate the habitability of this ocean world.

NASA's Europa Clipper Builds Hardware, Moves Toward Assembly

In an unprecedented year, the Europa Clipper project continues on the path toward unprecedented science. 

On the Path Towards Unprecedented Science

The surface of Jupiter's moon Europa features a widely varied landscape, including ridges, bands, small rounded domes and disrupted spaces that geologists call "chaos terrain." Three newly reprocessed images, taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft in the late 1990s, reveal details in diverse surface features on Europa.

Newly Reprocessed Images of Europa Show 'Chaos Terrain' in Crisp Detail
Mission Dispatch: Tweaking the Trajectory – NASA's Europa Clipper
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Media Get Close-Up of NASA’s Jupiter-Bound Europa Clipper - NASA
“After over a decade of hard work and problem-solving, we’re so proud to show the nearly complete Europa Clipper spacecraft to the world,” said Evans. “As critical components came in from institutions across the globe, it’s been exciting to see parts become a greater whole. We can’t wait to get this spacecraft to the Jupiter system.”
At the event, a cutaway model showing the moon’s layers and a globe of the moon helped journalists learn why Europa is such an interesting object of study. On hand with the details were Project Staff Scientist and Assistant Science Systems Engineer Kate Craft from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, and, from JPL, Project Scientist Robert Pappalardo, Deputy Project Scientist Bonnie Buratti, and Science Communications Lead Cynthia Phillips.
Beyond Earth, Europa is considered one of the most promising potentially habitable environments in our solar system. While Europa Clipper is not a life-detection mission, its primary science goal is to determine whether there are places below the moon’s icy surface that could support life.
When the main part of the spacecraft arrives at Kennedy Space Center in a few months, engineers will finish preparing Europa Clipper for launch on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket, attaching its giant solar arrays and carefully tucking the spacecraft inside the capsule that rides on top of the rocket. Then Europa Clipper will be ready to begin its space odyssey.
More About the Mission
Europa Clipper’s three main science objectives are to determine the thickness of the moon’s icy shell and its surface interactions with the ocean below, to investigate its composition, and to characterize its geology. The mission’s detailed exploration of Europa will help scientists better understand the astrobiological potential for habitable worlds beyond our planet.
Managed by Caltech in Pasadena, California, JPL leads the development of the Europa Clipper mission in partnership with the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. APL designed the main spacecraft body in collaboration with JPL and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The Planetary Missions Program Office at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, executes program management of the Europa Clipper mission.
10 Things to Know About Europa Clipper's Science Instruments – NASA's Europa Clipper
10 Things to Know About Europa Clipper's Science Instruments – NASA's Europa Clipper

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February 23, 2022

10 Things to Know About Europa Clipper's Science Instruments

When Europa Clipper launches in 2024, it will set out to answer a key question: Are there environments on Europa capable of supporting life? 
To accomplish this, an intricate array of instruments will work in concert to gather measurements of the internal ocean, map the surface composition and geology, and hunt for plumes of water vapor that may be venting from the icy crust. Here are ten things to know about how Europa Clipper’s instruments will achieve the mission’s science objectives. 

An engineer at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, inspects the test setup of the optical telescope assembly for Europa Clipper's imaging system's narrow angle camera.

1. Cameras will produce high-resolution images of Europa's surface.
Europa Clipper’s imaging system will capture Europa’s ridges, valleys, bands, and other surface features in unprecedented detail. The imaging system has a wide-angle camera and a narrow-angle camera. Each camera has an eight-megapixel sensor sensitive to visible wavelengths of light and a small range of near-infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths. The imaging system will map about 90 percent of Europa at 330 feet (100 meters) per pixel. That’s six times more of Europa’s surface than was mapped by images from the Galileo spacecraft, the Jupiter orbiter that captured images of Europa in the late 1990s. 

The flight model of Europa Clipper’s imaging spectrometer in a cleanroom at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.

2. Infrared light reflected from Europa will be analyzed to determine the moon’s surface composition.
Europa Clipper will also determine the moon’s surface composition. The mission’s imaging spectrometer will analyze infrared light reflected from Europa to look for organics, such as sulfates and carbonates, and other compounds.
Europa Clipper High Gain Antenna Undergoes Testing at Langley – NASA's Europa Clipper
La poetisa laureada estadounidense Ada Limón, conocida por su trabajo que explora la conexión humana con el mundo natural, está escribiendo un nuevo poema dedicado a la misión Europa Clipper de la NASA.

Una voz entre las estrellas: Poema de la poetisa laureada estadounidense Ada Limón viajará a Europa en una nave espacial de la NASA

Carlisa Drew went from being a commercial electrician to wiring the electrical system for NASA’s Europa Clipper propulsion module. 

Mission Dispatch: Wiring Europa Clipper's Propulsion Module

How will Europa Clipper see through Europa's thick ice shell to study the moon's ocean?

Mission Dispatch: Using Radar to Study Earth and Europa

Parallel ice ridges, a common feature on Jupiter’s moon Europa, are also found on Greenland’s ice sheet.

Greenland Ice, Jupiter Moon Share Similar Feature

Finding plumes at Europa is an exciting prospect, but scientists warn it’ll be tricky, even from up close.

Are Water Plumes Spraying From Europa? NASA's Europa Clipper Is on the Case

Take a closer look at the complex choreography involved in building NASA’s Europa Clipper as the mission to explore Jupiter’s moon Europa approaches its 2024 launch date.

A Few Steps Closer to Europa: Spacecraft Hardware Makes Headway

NASA has selected Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) of Hawthorne, California, to provide launch services for Earth’s first mission to conduct detailed investigations of Jupiter's moon Europa.

NASA Awards Launch Services Contract for Europa Clipper Mission

Jupiter’s moon Europa and its global ocean may currently have conditions suitable for life. Scientists are studying processes on the icy surface as they prepare to explore.

Surface of Jupiter's Moon Europa Churned by Small Impacts

Jupiter’s icy moon Europa may be the most promising place in the solar system to find present-day environments suitable for life beyond Earth. 

Europa: A World of Ice, With Potential for Life

Jupiter’s moon Europa has an icy crust covering a vast, global ocean.
NASA's Europa Clipper Builds Hardware, Moves Toward Assembly – NASA's Europa Clipper
Development of the spacecraft is progressing well, based on the intense examination NASA recently completed. The Critical Design Review conducted a deep dive into the specifics of the plans for all of the science instruments – from cameras to antennas – and flight subsystems, including propulsion, power, avionics, and the flight computer.
“We showed that our project system design is strong,” said Europa Clipper Project Manager Jan Chodas of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. “Our plans for completing the development and integration of the individual pieces hold together, and the system as a whole will function as designed to gather the science measurements we need to explore the potential habitability of Europa.”
Hardware in the Works
Beyond detailed plans, the mission has built prototypes and engineering models to test how well the instruments and engineering subsystems will work. Then there’s the flight hardware itself. Much of it is already being built; individual engineering subsystems and instruments cleared their own design reviews over the last year and a half.
The most striking of Europa Clipper’s features, its signature elements, are taking shape. Nearly 10 feet (3 meters) in diameter, the disc-shaped high-gain antenna, which will receive commands from Earth and transmit science data back down, is in its final stage of assembly. And by far the most visible of Europa Clipper’s hardware – the massive solar arrays that will unfurl in deep space like wings – are under construction as well. The spacecraft, with its arrays fully deployed, is wider than a basketball court is long, spanning 100 feet (30.5 meters). The arrays will cover over 960 square feet (90 square meters).
They will be attached to the propulsion module being built by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab (APL) in Laurel, Maryland. The propulsion module core consists of two stacked cylinders that together stand almost 10 feet (3 meters) high and hold the propulsion tanks and 16 rocket engines that will propel Europa Clipper once it leaves Earth’s atmosphere.

Technicians at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center check the fit of the cylinders of the propulsion module core of NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft on Oct. 15, 2020.
MISE | Instruments – NASA's Europa Clipper
Three newly reprocessed images, taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft in the late 1990s, reveal details in diverse surface features on Europa.

Newly Reprocessed Images of Europa Show 'Chaos Terrain' in Crisp Detail

An icy ocean world in our solar system that could tell us more about the potential for life on other worlds is coming into focus with confirmation of the Europa Clipper mission's next phase. 

Mission to Jupiter's Icy Moon Confirmed

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Europa Clipper High Gain Antenna Undergoes Testing at Langley – NASA's Europa Clipper
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NASA Official/Program Executive: 
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NASA Official/Program Scientist: 
Curt Niebur

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Public Engagement Manager: 
Heather Doyle

Public Engagement Lead: 
Laurance Fauconnet

Social Media Lead: 
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Science Writer: 
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Science Writer: 
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Meet Europa Clipper | Spacecraft – NASA's Europa Clipper
After it begins orbiting Jupiter, Europa Clipper will spend about a year altering its trajectory to prepare for its first Europa flyby. The spacecraft will then spend about three years soaring past Europa dozens of times and sending data back to Earth. Over the course of the mission, the spacecraft will investigate nearly the entire moon.
Fast Facts
Europa Clipper Fast Facts

With its solar arrays deployed, Europa Clipper spans more than 100 feet (about 30 meters) – about the length of a basketball court.
The spacecraft has 24 engines. 
Europa Clipper will orbit Jupiter and make nearly 50 flybys of Europa. 
The spacecraft has 9 dedicated science instruments, plus gravity/radio science.
At launch, Europa Clipper will weigh approximately 13,000 pounds (6,000 kilograms). Nearly 6,000 pounds (2,750) will be propellant. 

Spacecraft Components
Spacecraft Components
Science Instruments

Europa Clipper’s nine science instruments are the most advanced and sensitive that have ever explored the outer solar system. Some of the instrument sensors are installed on the nadir deck, which stabilizes them to ensure they are oriented correctly toward Europa during flybys. The two instruments designed to capture gas and dust face instead in the direction of spacecraft motion. Radar antennas are mounted directly onto the spacecraft’s solar arrays. In addition, the spacecraft’s magnetometer and plasma sensors are on a boom that extends from the spacecraft, reducing obstructions and magnetic interference from the spacecraft. The instruments’ electronics are installed in a vault to protect them from radiation. Learn more about Europa Clipper’s science instruments
Propulsion

Europa Clipper’s propulsion module is an aluminum cylinder 10 feet (3 meters) long and 5 feet (1.5 meters) wide. It holds the spacecraft’s 24 engines and nearly 6,000 pounds (2,750 kilograms) of fuel in tanks, as well as the spacecraft’s helium pressurant tanks. 
Vault

Europa Clipper's electronics are enclosed in a vault with walls made of 1/3-inch thick (9.2-mm) sheets of aluminum-zinc alloy to protect the electronics from Jupiter’s intense radiation.
Vault Plate | Spacecraft – NASA's Europa Clipper
Download Europa and Europa Clipper posters, stickers, and more.

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Explore Europa Up Close

Take an in-depth look at Jupiter's icy moon Europa and Europa Clipper's plans for investigation.

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Learn More With Europa Lessons

Access Europa lessons and activities on NASA JPL's Education website.

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Europa News

The spacecraft arrived at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 23, 2024, for launch preparations.

NASA's Europa Clipper Makes Cross-Country Flight to Florida

Imagery from NASA's Juno spacecraft shows some intriguing features on the ice-encased Jovian moon.

NASA's Juno Provides High-Definition Views of Europa's Icy Shell

NASA has selected 40 undergraduate students for the first year of its Europa ICONS (Inspiring Clipper: Opportunities for Next-generation Scientists) internship program.

NASA Selects Students for Europa Clipper Intern Program

Members of the media put on “bunny suits” on April 11, 2024, to see Europa Clipper up close at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.

Media Get Close-Up of NASA's Jupiter-Bound Europa Clipper

We're thrilled to announce that NASA's 'Message in a Bottle' campaign has been nominated for a #Webby Award! We need your help to win! Cast your vote for our nomination.

Vote for Us! 'Message in a Bottle' Nominated for a Webby

A gantlet of tests prepared the spacecraft for its challenging trip to the Jupiter system, where it will explore the icy moon Europa and its subsurface ocean.

NASA's Europa Clipper Survives and Thrives in ‘Outer Space' on Earth

When it launches in October, NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft will carry a richly layered dispatch that includes more than 2.6 million names submitted by the public.

NASA Unveils Design for Message Heading to Jupiter's Moon Europa
Europa Clipper's Thermal Imager Delivered to JPL – NASA's Europa Clipper
Europa Clipper's Thermal Imager Captures Breathtaking "First Light" Images

Meet Europa Clipper

NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft will conduct a detailed survey of Jupiter's moon Europa to determine whether there are places below the moon's surface that could support life.

Meet the spacecraft ›

Meet the Instrument

E-THEMIS

Why Europa?

Scientists are almost certain that hidden beneath the icy surface of Europa is a saltwater ocean thought to contain about twice as much water as Earth’s global ocean. It may be the most promising place in our solar system to find present-day environments suitable for some form of life beyond Earth.

Learn more about Europa › 

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Europa Clipper Vault Plate - Inward-Facing Side

Why Does NASA Want to Explore Jupiter's Ocean Moon?

EIS

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Members of the media put on “bunny suits” on April 11, 2024, to see Europa Clipper up close at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.

Media Get Close-Up of NASA's Jupiter-Bound Europa Clipper

We're thrilled to announce that NASA's 'Message in a Bottle' campaign has been nominated for a #Webby Award! We need your help to win! Cast your vote for our nomination.

Vote for Us! 'Message in a Bottle' Nominated for a Webby

When it launches in October, NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft will carry a richly layered dispatch that includes more than 2.6 million names submitted by the public.

NASA Unveils Design for Message Heading to Jupiter's Moon Europa

The addition of a high-gain antenna will enable the agency’s Europa Clipper spacecraft – set to launch in October 2024 – to communicate with mission controllers hundreds of millions of miles away.

NASA's Europa Probe Gets a Hotline to Earth

The Europa Clipper magnetometer has completed its rigorous testing and calibration at JPL and is ready for integration onto the Europa Clipper spacecraft.

Europa Clipper's Magnetometer Testing is Complete, Ready for Integration
Participate – NASA's Europa Clipper
La NASA ha lanzado un nuevo sitio web en español para invitar al público a enviar sus nombres a bordo de Europa Clipper, una misión que iniciará su viaje a la luna de Júpiter Europa en octubre de 2024.

NASA invita a hispanohablantes a enviar sus nombres en Europa Clipper

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NASA Official/Program Executive: 
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Curt Niebur

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Public Engagement Manager: 
Heather Doyle

Public Engagement Lead: 
Laurance Fauconnet

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NASA Selects Students for Europa Clipper Intern Program - NASA Science
CollegeJacob Dietrich, Indiana University, Southeast in New AlbanyJocelyn Mateo, Lorain County Community College in Elyria, OhioSamuel Brown, San Diego Mesa College in San DiegoMadison Stanford, Loyola Marymount University in Los AngelesBryce McGimsey, Solano Community College in Fairfield, CaliforniaNoah Alayon, CUNY LaGuardia Community College in Queens, New YorkTrevor Erwin, University of Texas at AustinAva Frost, Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, MassachusettsBrianna Casey, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New YorkFatima Mendoza, Texas Tech University in LubbockDaniel Voyles, Harvey Mudd College in Claremont, CaliforniaSwaroop Sathyanarayanan, Georgia Institute of Technology in AtlantaJay Patel, Louisiana State University College of Engineering in Baton RougeJuliane Keiper, Amherst College in Amherst, MassachusettsEmori Long, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University in TallahasseeScott Chang, University of Wisconsin–MadisonHayden Ferrell, Arizona State University in TempeIsabella Musto, Denison University in Granville, OhioElizabeth Kirby, College of Charleston in Charleston, South CarolinaThe Europa Clipper mission’s three main science objectives are to determine the thickness of the moon’s icy shell and its surface interactions with the ocean below, to investigate its composition, and to characterize its geology. The mission’s detailed exploration of Europa will help scientists better understand the astrobiological potential for habitable worlds beyond our planet.The Europa ICONS program is managed by the Planetary Science Division within NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington and is part of a larger effort known as Clipper Next Gen, a decade-long strategy using the Europa Clipper mission to train and diversify the next generation of planetary scientists.Managed by Caltech in Pasadena, California, JPL leads the development of the Europa Clipper mission in partnership with the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. APL designed the main spacecraft body in collaboration with JPL and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
ClipperAR: Europa Clipper Augmented Reality Experience – NASA's Europa Clipper
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NASA Official/Program Executive: 
Dave Lavery

NASA Official/Program Scientist: 
Curt Niebur

Media Contact: 
Gretchen McCartney

Public Engagement Manager: 
Heather Doyle

Public Engagement Lead: 
Laurance Fauconnet

Social Media Lead: 
Bill Dunford

Science Writer: 
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Science Writer: 
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