vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Asteroids - NASA Science
Asteroids range in size from Vesta – the largest at about 329 miles (530 kilometers) in diameter – to bodies that are less than 33 feet (10 meters) across. The total mass of all the asteroids combined is less than that of Earth's Moon.Unable to render the provided sourceDid You Know?The total mass of all the asteroids in the main asteroid belt combined is less than that of Earth's Moon.Featured StoryNASA’s Planetary Radar Images Slowly Spinning AsteroidDuring the close approach of 2008 OS7 with Earth on Feb. 2, the agency’s Deep Space Network planetary radar gathered…Read the StoryFeatured AsteroidsPsycheRead MoreBennuRead MoreDinkinesh and SelamRead MoreDidymos and DimorphosRead MoreApophisRead MoreVestaRead MoreErosRead MoreIda and DactylRead MoreItokawaRead MoreResourcesCenter for Near Earth Object StudiesThe Center for NEO Studies (CNEOS) computes high-precision orbits for Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) in support of NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office.Minor Planet CenterAn alphabetical list of asteroid names.National Space Science Data Center: AsteroidsAsteroid fact sheets, and more. Keep ExploringDiscover More Topics From NASASunPlanetsAsteroids, Comets & MeteorsKuiper BeltReturn to topThe National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.About NASA's MissionJoin UsHomeNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+MissionsHumans in SpaceEarth & ClimateThe Solar SystemThe UniverseScienceAeronauticsTechnologyLearning ResourcesAbout NASANASA en EspañolFollow NASAMore NASA Social AccountsNASA NewslettersSitemapFor MediaPrivacy PolicyFOIANo FEAR ActOffice of the IGBudget & Annual ReportsAgency Financial ReportsContact NASAAccessibilityPage Last Updated:3 months agoPage Editor:SMD Content EditorsResponsible NASA Official for Science:Dana Bolles
NASA - Sun-Earth Day - Living in the Atmosphere of the Sun


NASA - Sun-Earth Day - Living in the Atmosphere of the Sun

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Sun-Earth Day 2008: Space Weather Around the World
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FEATURED ACTIVITY

Space Weather Action Center
By following the basic steps in the Instructional Guide your class will soon be on its way to accessing, analyzing and recording NASA satellite and observatory data.
                    
Goto this Guide

FEATURES

Issue #62: Where is the heliopause?
The sun's solar wind eventually fills space with an enormous bubble of gas called the heliosphere. Scientists are still searching for its outer limits - the heliopause.
                    
Read the full article

In the News: Problem Based Learning
Since the launch of the SOHO spacecraft, there have been numerous news articles highlighting discoveries about the Sun. This activity will give you and your students the opportunity to learn about those discoveries...
	
Visit this web site

International Heliophysical Year
2007 will mark the 50th Anniversary of the International
   Geophysical Year (IGY) and 50 years of space exploration. Take part in
   this world wide celebration.
	
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ECLIPSE SPECIAL

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PODCAST

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CONTENT ENHANCEMENT

Spaceweather.com
Get the latest space weather information conditions, and forecast!
	
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UPCOMING EVENTS

To see a calendar of events (past and present) please go to the current year of Sun-Earth Day.
	
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WHEN IS SUN-EARTH DAY?

This year's main event will be on March 20, 2008.
	
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2008 Flyer (pdf)

 

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Project Manager: Carolyn Ng
Website Manager: Troy Cline
NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010


NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Goddard Space Flight Center

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Sun-Earth Day 2010: Magnetic Storms
 
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Featured Activities

Space Weather Action Centers
By following the basic steps in the Instructional Guide your class will soon be on its way to accessing, analyzing and recording NASA satellite and observatory data.
	
Goto this Guide

Polar Sunrise
Enjoy a rich variety of videos, podcasts, podcast image galleries and questions divided into 9 'topic' areas. With these resources students can find the answers to each set of questions.
	
Do this Activity

In the News: Problem Based Learning
Since the launch of the SOHO spacecraft, there have been numerous news articles highlighting discoveries about the Sun. This activity will give you and your students the opportunity to learn about those discoveries...
	
Let's Learn!

Space Weather Viewer V3

Go to the Space Weather Viewer

Concentration Game

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NASA Fact

	  Depending on your rate and direction of motion, a pure magnetic field can be turned into an electric field and vice versa.
                        

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Sun-Earth Days Registration


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Sun-Earth Days 2013

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NASA Fact

The most powerful aurora can generate over 1 trillion watts of power.
            

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NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010


NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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Sun-Earth Day 2010: Magnetic Storms
 
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NASA Fact

                            A major solar 'superstorm' such as the one in 1859 could cost $30 billion a day to the US electrical power grid, and up to $70 billion to the satellite industry.
                        

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NASA's Earth Observing System
(Joint with Germany and Italy)

 Launch: Apr 19 1994
 

 

SAGE-III

 Launch: Dec 10 2001
 

Altitude:1,020km
Inclination:99.50°
Local Node:9:30 a.m.

 

SMS

 Launch: May 17 1974
 

 

TIROS
(NASA)

 Launch: Apr 1 1960
 

 

TOPEX

 Launch: Aug 10 1992
 

 

TOMS-EP

 Launch: Jul 2 1996
 

 

TRMM
(Joint with Japan)

 Launch: Nov 27 1997
 

Altitude:402km
Inclination:35.00°

 

UARS

 Launch: Sep 12 1991
 

Altitude:585km
Inclination:57.00°

 

Aqua
(Joint with Japan and Brazil)

 Launch: May 4 2002
 

Altitude:705km
Inclination:98.20°
Local Node:1:30 p.m.

 

Aura
(Joint with Netherlands, Finland, and the U.K.)

 Launch: Jul 15 2004
 

Altitude:705km
Inclination:98.20°
Local Node:1:45 p.m. 

 

CYGNSS
(NASA)

 Launch: Dec 15 2016
 

Altitude:510km
Inclination:35.00°

 

DSCOVR
(NOAA)

 Launch: Feb 11 2015
 

 

EMIT on ISS
(NASA)

 Launch: Jul 14 2022
 

Altitude:400km
Inclination:51.60°

 

ECOSTRESS
(NASA)

 Launch: Jun 29 2018
 

Altitude:400km
Inclination:51.60°

 

GOES-16 
(NASA/NOAA)

 Launch: Nov 19 2016
 

Altitude:35,800km

 

GOES 13-15

 Launch: May 24 2005
 

 

GEDI on ISS
(NASA)

 Launch: Dec 5 2018
 

Altitude:400km
Inclination:51.60°

 

GPM Core

 Launch: Feb 27 2014
 

Altitude:407km
Inclination:65.00°

 

GRACE-FO
(NASA, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ))
Sun-Earth Day 2004 Venus Transit
Reanimating the 1882 Transit of Venus Article will explain astronomer David Peck 
Todd's observation of the Transit of Venus in 1882. Todd's 147 surviving photos have been converted into a 
4.0 MB Movie, 
and a 1.2 MB Movie which help to illustrate the event.

Most people, when they think of a "planet", imagine a large roundish body
with a rocky surface and an atmosphere. Forgetting Pluto for a moment (which
has too many issues to deal with here), only Venus, Earth, and Mars share
these characteristics as planets in our solar system. Learn more in our "
VENUS, EARTH, and MARS" comparison website!

 
Are you Ready for Sun-Earth Day 2005? We will feature both ancient and modern observatories from around the world. Educators will benefit from teacher guides, activities, and a wealth of information. We will also have areas specifically tailored for students, scientists, museums, and amateur astronomer participation.

Sun-Earth Day 2004 has selected the transit of Venus as this year's theme. Opportunities are available to 
prepare for the viewing of the event. This website has been developed to provide the necessary 
resources and opportunities for participation in our fourth Sun-Earth Day. This year's program 
will continue to offer new and exciting space science content that will cross all of space sciences, 
offering activities and resources for every classroom and museums event. The goal is to involve as much 
of the student population and the public in this event as possible and to help them understand the 
immense importance and excitement surrounding this and previous transits. 

Through engaging activities focused on US and world history, music, technology, math, and astronomy, classrooms and museums can create their own event or participate in one 
of the opportunities we make available. Comparisons of Venus with Earth and Mars, calculations of the distances to nearby stars, and the use of transits to identify extra-solar 
planets will all add to the excitement of this cosmic occurrence. 

While visiting this site don't forget to register for your free educational packet!

Click below for this year's Sun-Earth Day flyer.

Sun-Earth Day Flyer PDF file (188 K)
NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010


NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Goddard Space Flight Center

Visit NASA.gov
Sun-Earth Day Home

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Sun-Earth Day 2010: Magnetic Storms
 
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NASA Edge Vodcasts
Whether it's the latest launch or the coolest gadgets, NASA EDGE hosts provide an offbeat, funny and informative look behind the NASA curtain.
                            
Read more about NASA Edge

 

Path of Totality: The Movie
On March 29, 2006, a NASA-led science expedition traveled to Tripoli and then the Sahara desert to witness and study -- first hand -- a total solar eclipse. This international expedition was an unprecedented collaboration with...
                        
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NASA EDGE Show 4: Sun-Earth Connection
Whether it's the latest launch or the coolest gadgets, NASA EDGE hosts provide an offbeat, funny and informative look behind the NASA curtain. If you've ever wanted to learn about NASA but thought you needed...
                          
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News and Events

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NASA Fact

                            The most powerful solar flare in the last 500 years occurred on September 2, 1859 and was sighted by two astronomers who happened to be looking at the sun at exactly the right time!
                        

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What is the Universe? - NASA Science
For nearly two-thirds of the time since the universe began, Earth did not even exist. Nor will it last forever in its current state. Several billion years from now, the Sun will expand, swallowing Mercury and Venus, and filling Earth’s sky. It might even expand large enough to swallow Earth itself. It’s difficult to be certain. After all, humans have only just begun deciphering the cosmos.While the distant future is difficult to accurately predict, the distant past is slightly less so. By studying the radioactive decay of isotopes on Earth and in asteroids, scientists have learned that our planet and the solar system formed around 4.6 billion years ago.How old is the universe?The universe, on the other hand, appears to be about 13.8 billion years old. Scientists arrived at that number by measuring the ages of the oldest stars and the rate at which the universe expands. They also measured the expansion by observing the Doppler shift in light from galaxies, almost all of which are traveling away from us and from each other. The farther the galaxies are, the faster they’re traveling away. One might expect gravity to slow the galaxies’ motion from one another, but instead they’re speeding up and scientists don’t know why. In the distant future, the galaxies will be so far away that their light will not be visible from Earth.Put another way, the matter, energy and everything in the universe (including space itself) was more compact last Saturday than it is today.Put another way, the matter, energy and everything in the universe (including space itself) was more compact last Saturday than it is today. The same can be said about any time in the past — last year, a million years ago, a billion years ago. But the past doesn’t go on forever.By measuring the speed of galaxies and their distances from us, scientists have found that if we could go back far enough, before galaxies formed or stars began fusing hydrogen into helium, things were so close together and hot that atoms couldn’t form and photons had nowhere to go. A bit farther back in time, everything was in the same spot.
NASA's Sun-Earth Day
NASAs Sun-Earth Connection Education Forum
Technology Through Time Highlights: "Where does the Sun's magnetic field come from?
12:31
In today's podcast we'll be hearing from Dr. Sten Odenwald, the chief author and editor of the Sun-Earth Day Technology Through Time series. In today's show Sten will fill us in on our latest Technology Through Time Mystery, "Where does the Sun's magnetic field come from?"

Technology Through Time, Magnetic Field, NASA, Sun-Earth Day, space, Earth, astronomy, science, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Milky Way, Northern Lights
no

Special: Polar Gateways #1, Barrow Alaska
The Sun-Earth Day team traveled to Barrow, Alaska to join scientists from all over the world for the 3rd polar conference called, 'Polar Gateways Arctic Circle Sunrise 2008'
http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/media/SED2008/barrow1.mp3
 
http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/media/SED2008/barrow1.mp3
Fri, 1 Feb 2008 23:00:00 EDT
NASAs Sun-Earth Connection Education Forum
Special: Polar Gateways #1, Barrow Alaska
12:20
The Sun-Earth Day team traveled to Barrow, Alaska to join scientists from all over the world for the 3rd polar conference called, 'Polar Gateways Arctic Circle Sunrise 2008'

Barrow, Alaska, Polar, Gateways, Ploar Gateways, Aurora, Snow, Ice, Arctic, Magnetic Field, NASA, Sun-Earth Day, space, Earth, astronomy, science, math, Sun, atmosphere of the Sun, Milky Way, Northern Lights
no

Special: Polar Gateways #2, Barrow Alaska
The Sun-Earth Day team traveled to Barrow, Alaska to join scientists from all over the world for the 3rd polar conference called, 'Polar Gateways Arctic Circle Sunrise 2008'
http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/podcasts/media/SED2008/barrow2.mp3
NASA - Sun-Earth Day - Space Weather Around the World
- posted January 22nd, 2008

Download the Tech Through Time Highlight MP3 (11 MB)

Sun-Earth Day Highlights: ASP Conference
Founded in 1889 in San Francisco, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific or ASP, long ago outgrew its regional sounding name to become one of the nation's leading organizations devoted to improving people's understanding, appreciation and enjoyment of astronomy and space as an
avenue for advancing science literacy - posted November 30th, 2007

More information on this podcast
Download The ASP Conference MP3 (11 MB)
Download the ASP Conference Transcript (pdf) 

The Spirit of the Aurora!
For this Halloween we've decided to give you a very special treat! Jordan Hill is back with a creepy story about the Aurora, and a spooky shack - posted October 30th, 2007

Download The Spirit of the Aurora MP3 (11 MB)
Download the Transcript (pdf) 

Technology Through Time Highlight: Why is the Sun's Corona So Hot?
In today's podcast we'll be hearing from Dr. Sten Odenwald. Sten is the chief author and editor of the Technology Through Time series. Sten is going to fill us in on this year's first Technology Through Time mystery, "Why is the Sun's Corona So Hot?" - posted October 22nd, 2007

Download the Tech Through Time Highlight MP3 (16 MB)
Download the Transcript (pdf) 

STS-118 Lift Off
We decided to launch our first 'Sun-Earth Day 2008' podcast in true NASA style! So fasten your seatbelts, and join our host, Troy Cline, in this 'Audio Voyage' as we experience the incredible sounds of Space Shuttle Endeavour's recent liftoff into space. - posted September 24nd, 2007

Download the STS-118 Lift off MP3 (13 MB)
Download the STS-118 Lift Off Transcript (pdf) 

PREVIOUS YEAR'S PODCASTS

2007 Sun-Earth Day podcasts
2006 Sun-Earth Day podcasts

INSTRUCTIONS
What is a Podcast?
A Podcast is a collection of audio or video content that's powered by subscription software called RSS.
Sun-Earth Days 2013: Articles
At solar maximum, the solar wind velocity is greatest at the sun's equator and less at the poles. Overall, the sun's magnetic field strength is low and polar coronal holes extend to low latitudes. This trend reverses at solar minimum; the solar wind slows down, the sun's magnetic field strength strengthens, and polar coronal holes retreat or disappear altogether.

Figure 11: Voyager Spacecraft, launched in 1977

Figure 12: Ibex Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA)

Figure 13: Voyager-1, click to enlarge

The Heliosphere
The realm of the sun's influence extends out beyond the orbits of the planets to the far reaches of the heliosphere, the vast bubble of charged solar wind particles and associated electric and magnetic fields that define the limits of our solar system and interplanetary space. The extent of the heliosphere is not well known but is believed to extend to on the order of 150 A.U. or so from the sun. Expanding out from the sun, energetic particles carrying the sun's magnetic field become dispersed. As their density decreases with increasing distance from the sun, they are not able to push as strongly against particles from interstellar winds. The point where the two pressures balance is called the heliopause. As solar wind particles encounter interstellar particles near this boundary, they slow down transforming their kinetic velocities into thermal energy. The accumulation of these particles near the edge of the heliosphere (think of traffic backups during rush hour) coupled with their deceleration energies creates a sort of shockwave called the termination shock. The two Voyager spacecraft, launched in 1977, are now very near the outer edge of the heliosphere at distances of about 123 AU and 101 AU respectively (Feb 1, 2013) and have already pierced the termination shock at 94 and 84 AU. Beyond the termination shock is the heliosheath, perhaps 10's of AU thick and bounded at its outer point by the heliopause, the final point of influence of the sun's magnetic field. Beyond the heliopause, the Inter Stellar Medium (ISM) populates the vast spaces between the stars.
NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010


NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Goddard Space Flight Center

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Sun-Earth Day 2010: Magnetic Storms
 
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PUBLIC OUTREACH

All Public Outreach Resources

Program Ideas
Make and Take Activities
Spanish Resources

Public Outreach has been specifically designed for you, the museums, planetaria, parks, youth clubs, and educators from community organizations around the globe! Celebrate our connection to the Sun by using these Sun-Earth Day resources and program ideas any time of the year!
To get started, be sure to visit your guide to Program Ideas, followed by this year's Make and Take Activities.
SUN-EARTH LINKS

Safe Solar Viewing Video
Exploratorium's Space Weather Research Explorer
Space Weather Center
Stanford Solar Center
3-D Sun
STEREO: Space Weather
Listen to "The Sun Song" by the Chromatics
From Stargazers to Starships
Cosmicopia

Space Weather Viewer V3

Go to the Space Weather Viewer

Concentration Game

Play Concentration

Register

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Get Involved

Educators
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Featured Activities

 

NASA Fact

                            The most powerful solar flare in the last 500 years occurred on September 2, 1859 and was sighted by two astronomers who happened to be looking at the sun at exactly the right time!
                        

More NASA facts...

Privacy Policy & Important Notices

Contact Us


                            NASA Official: Alex Young
                        

                            Curator: Bryan Stephenson