vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Climate Change - NYSDEC
This warming from the 1.1°C change is not distributed equally over the planet, so some regions are warming more quickly than others and are resulting in much larger regional impacts. As GHG emissions continue to rise, simulations help scientists anticipate how much the climate will change if global warming does not slow down.Global surface temperature has increased faster since 1970 than in any other 50-year period over the last 2,000 years. In addition, global average sea levels have risen faster over the last century, than in any century over the last 3,000 years. Understanding changes in global temperatures and their influence on Earth's biological, hydrological and geological systems can help scientists make predictions about the future, of climate change and how it will impact certain parts of the world.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AssessmentsThe United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) publishes scientific assessment reports on the current state of climate change to assist policymakers worldwide. There are currently six assessment reports and multiple supplementary reports on specific climate change topics. Some key points from these reports are:Human influence has rapidly warmed the climate at a rate that is unprecedented in at least the last 2,000 years.Global warming is driven by emissions from human activities.Climate change is already affecting every inhabited region across the globe with human influence contributing to many observed changes in weather and climate extremes.Limiting human-induced global warming will require rapidly reducing and then eliminating GHG emissions and removing emissions previously trapped in the atmosphere.Current efforts to reduce GHG emissions will not be able to prevent all global warming, so prioritizing resilience and adaptation to some inevitable climate change is essential as climate change impacts continue to happen and are anticipated to worsen around the globe and regionally.Studying Climate Change in the Social SciencesThousands of studies by researchers around the world have shown rising air, land, and ocean temperatures, and how the climate has been changing over the last century. Despite the amount of available scientific knowledge about the impacts of climate change happening now, and of new risks for the future, there is still a lack of understanding amongst the general public on the subject. Social scientists have been examining the attitudes that people have towards climate change. A 2017 Yale study found that 70 percent of the U.S. acknowledges that climate change is happening, with varying degrees of concern.
8263 Search Results for "Climate Change"
The report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change...report: Humans responsible for climate change NASA Science...	

	5 Min Read	
From Weather Forecasting to Climate Change, NASA’s AIRS Builds a Legacy - NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/missions/aqua/from-weather-forecasting-to-climate-change-nasas-airs-builds-a-legacy

	monitor volcanoes, and track a changing climate. And there’s more....read From Weather Forecasting to Climate Change, NASA’s AIRS Builds a Legacy...	

	4 Min Read	
What Is the Sun's Role in Climate Change? - NASA Science
https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/what-is-the-suns-role-in-climate-change

	also influences Earth’s climate: We know subtle changes in Earth’s orbit around...read What Is the Sun’s Role in Climate Change? NASA Science...	

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 This page contains archived content and is no longer being updated. At the time of publication, it represented the best available science.

Global Warming
By Holli Riebeek
Design by Robert Simmon
June 3, 2010

Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and again. Climate has changed when the planet received more or less sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the Sun’s energy varied. But in the past century, another force has started to influence Earth’s climate: humanity.

(NASA astronaut photograph ISS022-E-6674.)

What is Global Warming?
Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels.
How Does Today’s Warming Compare to Past Climate Change?
Earth has experienced climate change in the past without help from humanity. But the current climatic warming is occurring much more rapidly than past warming events.
Why Do Scientists Think Current Warming Isn’t Natural?
In Earth’s history before the Industrial Revolution, Earth’s climate changed due to natural causes unrelated to human activity.
Climate Change - NYSDEC
Because of the albedo effect, light-colored snow and ice act as mirrors to reflect solar radiation back out into space. As ice sheets and glaciers melt with increased global warming, reducing the amount of ice and snow covering, less of the solar radiation is reflected and more is absorbed into the darker ocean waters, creating a vicious cycle that warms the planet even more and melts even more polar ice and glaciers.Global warming has been rapidly accelerating in recent decades due to excess emissions of GHGs from human activities, especially burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. While the term "global warming" refers to the long-term warming of the planet from excess GHG emissions, the term "climate change" refers to the broader range of changes that are happening to the earth, including sea level rise, shrinking glaciers, ocean acidification, desertification, more intense storm activities, and shifts in plant blooming times. Increased warming of the Earth's oceans and the atmosphere is driving climate change by affecting the way heat and moisture are moved through the climate system by air and ocean currents, changing patterns of precipitation, temperatures, storms, and even sea level all around the globe.Ocean WarmingOceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface and can absorb large amounts of solar energy. Heat and moisture are moved by ocean currents and atmospheric circulation, influencing the climate around the planet.The oceans have a large capacity for absorbing and holding heat. For decades, the oceans have taken up more than 90% of excess heat from the atmosphere. If not for the ability of Earth's oceans to absorb such large amounts of heat, the atmosphere would warm at a much faster rate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 6th Assessment Report (AR6) finds that the rate of ocean warming observed since 1971 will at least double by the year 2100, even if GHG emissions are reduced. Ocean temperature plays an important role in the Earth's climate system, particularly sea surface temperature (SST). SST has risen as oceans absorb more heat from the atmosphere, resulting in changes to ocean currents and circulation, as well as sea level rise. SST has a significant impact on climate. As SST rises, increased evaporation leads to a greater concentration of water vapor over the oceans, influencing weather systems that produce precipitation or contribute to drought conditions.
Climate Variability and Change Focus Area - NASA Science
CVC supports focused and interdisciplinary research to better describe, understand, and predict the ways in which Earth’s ocean, atmosphere, land, and ice will interact and influence Earth’s climate over a wide range of timescales. To do this, CVC supports the development of climate data sets and computer models that leverage observations from relevant NASA and non-NASA platforms, including satellites, aircraft, and ships. These datasets include observations of sea surface height, temperature, and salinity; ocean currents and vector winds; sea ice extent and thickness; glacial topography, motion, and mass change; aerosol and cloud processes that affect Earth’s energy balance; and more. Through this work, CVC hopes to better predict changes in the Earth’s climate from sub-seasonal to multi-decadal time scales.CVC peer-reviewed publicationsCVC Research QuestionsCVC addresses the following overarching questions:How can predictions of climate variability and change be improved?What is the role of atmospheric composition and clouds in the climate system?What changes are occurring in the mass and extent of Earth’s ice cover?How does global ocean circulation vary on a variety of temporal and spatial scales in response to climate variations?How is global sea level impacted by natural variability and human-induced changes in the Earth system, and how can we predict those changes?CVC Associated MissionsThe table below lists all the Earth missions that are relevant to the Climate Variability and Change focus area in all phases.Learn more about the meaning of mission phasesOperating SatellitesAquaCYGNSSGPMGRACE-FOICESat-2JPSS-1JPSS-2.PACESMAPSuomi NPPSWOTTerraTSIS-1 (ISS)Operating Suborbital/AirborneS-MODEIn Development SatellitesNISARTSIS-2 (ISS)Under Study SatellitesMCPast SatellitesACRIM IACRIM IIACRIM IIIAQUARIUSERBSGRACEICESatJason-1OSTM/Jason-2RapidScatSORCEPast Suborbital/AirborneOIBOMGSPURS-1, -2Learn more about CVCResearch ProgramsCryospheric Sciences ProgramThe Cryospheric Sciences Program supports basic research into the Earth’s sea- and land-based ice to understand how and why it is changing.
Climate Variability and Change | Terra
Leadership
      Dr. Kurtis Thome
      Dr. David J. Diner
      Dr. James R. Drummond
      Dr. Michael D. King
      Mr. Michael J. Abrams
      Dr. Norman G. Loeb
      Dr. Si-Chee Tsay
      Mr. Robert Wolfe
      Mr. Wynn J. Watson
      Dr. Nyssa Rayne

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Home › Science › Climate Variability and Change

Climate Variability and Change

Climate is the sum of weather over time, the average temperatures and rainfall of a place. Earth’s climate—how hot our planet is on average—is set by the Sun. Anything that changes the amount of solar energy that enters the Earth system will change the temperature. By burning fossil fuels, people are loading the atmosphere with heat-absorbing gases, especially carbon dioxide, that trap solar energy that would otherwise be emitted to space (outgoing longwave radiation). As a result, Earth is warming up.
See Climate and Earth’s Energy Budget on the Earth Observatory.
Rising temperatures melt ice, put more water vapor into the atmosphere, and may change clouds. These changes and others amplify warming or, in fewer cases, cause cooling. Called feedbacks, the changes and carbon dioxide together will warm Earth between two and ten degree Celsius over the 21st century. Climate change will also change weather patterns around the world.
See Global Warming on the Earth Observatory.
On shorter time scales, years to decades, Earth’s temperature varies because of events like El Niño and La Niña.  Studying year-to-year climate variability helps scientists understand the processes that connect the ocean, atmosphere, land, snow and ice, and climate. Understanding the connections in the Earth system will improve our ability to predict what will happen as Earth’s climate changes.
In fact, NASA’s goal in studying climate variability and change is to improve predictions from season to season and decade to decade.
Climate Variability and Change Focus Area - NASA Science
MAP supports this work through both directed funding of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Model E and the Global Modeling and Assimiliation Office’s (GMAO) GEOS 5 models, as well as through annual competed grants as a part of the Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) solicitations.Physical Oceanography ProgramThe Physical Oceanography Program supports research on the ocean’s role in climate variability. The ocean modulates our planet’s climate and weather by storing and transporting large quantities of heat, water, moisture, and carbon dioxide, as well as exchanging these elements with the atmosphere. This continuous exchange influences climate and weather patterns over the globe by releasing the heat that fuels the overlying atmospheric circulation, aerosols that impact cloud cover, and moisture that determines the fate of the global hydrological cycle, and by absorbing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide for millennia. NASA’s Physical Oceanography program supports basic research and analysis activities that enable development of NASA’s current and future physical oceanography satellite missions and the scientific interpretation of data from them.CVC for ScientistsScientific Meetings and ConferencesThere are no meetings or conferences planned at this time.Research and Funding OpportunitiesSolicited program elements relevant to CVC are publicized through the Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) NASA Research Announcements (NRAs) on the NASA Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System (NSPIRES) website.
Global Warming
Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels.
How Does Today’s Warming Compare to Past Climate Change?
Earth has experienced climate change in the past without help from humanity. But the current climatic warming is occurring much more rapidly than past warming events.
Why Do Scientists Think Current Warming Isn’t Natural?
In Earth’s history before the Industrial Revolution, Earth’s climate changed due to natural causes unrelated to human activity. These natural causes are still in play today, but their influence is too small or they occur too slowly to explain the rapid warming seen in recent decades.
How Much More Will Earth Warm?
Models predict that as the world consumes ever more fossil fuel, greenhouse gas concentrations will continue to rise, and Earth’s average surface temperature will rise with them. Based on plausible emission scenarios, average surface temperatures could rise between 2°C and 6°C by the end of the 21st century. Some of this warming will occur even if future greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, because the Earth system has not yet fully adjusted to environmental changes we have already made.
How Will Earth Respond to Warming Temperatures?
The impact of global warming is far greater than just increasing temperatures. Warming modifies rainfall patterns, amplifies coastal erosion, lengthens the growing season in some regions, melts ice caps and glaciers, and alters the ranges of some infectious diseases. Some of these changes are already occurring.
References and Related Resources

Global Warming
Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and again. Climate has changed when the planet received more or less sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the Sun’s energy varied. But in the past century, another force has started to influence Earth’s climate: humanity
How does this warming compare to previous changes in Earth’s climate? How can we be certain that human-released greenhouse gases are causing the warming? How much more will the Earth warm? How will Earth respond? Answering these questions is perhaps the most significant scientific challenge of our time.
What is Global Warming?
Rapid Response | Earthdata
Rapid Response | Earthdata

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