vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Bill Text - AB-132 Postsecondary education trailer bill.
The letter shall include federal, state, and institutional-based financial aid for which the student may qualify. If providing this information, the university shall clearly indicate that the financial aid package is subject to change based on updated financial information provided on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) or the California Dream Act application, as applicable, and potential changes in rules governing the provision of federal, state, and institutional-based financial aid.(f) (1) In evaluating applications for dual admissions, the university shall only consider applicants who meet all of the
	following criteria:(A) The applicant is a first-time freshman applicant who will meet the university’s admissions eligibility criteria only upon completion of transfer requirements at a California community college.(B) The applicant provides supporting information regarding the applicant’s inability to meet freshman admissions eligibility criteria due to limitations in the high school curriculum offered or personal or financial hardship. For purposes of this subparagraph, supporting information may include, but is not necessarily limited to, a letter from a counselor or administrator at the applicant’s high school.(C) The applicant plans to complete either of the following:(i) An associate degree for transfer at a California community college or a
	university equivalent established pursuant to subdivision (d).(ii) Another established course of study for transfer at a California community college.(2) The university shall prioritize offers of dual admissions agreements for students who plan to complete an associate degree for transfer at a California community college.(g) (1) On or before April 1, 2026, the university shall submit a progress report to the Department of Finance and the Legislature. The report shall include, but not be limited to, all of the following information for each participating university campus:(A) The number and names of community colleges that partner with the university campus on a dual admission program.(B) A description of the support services the community college and university campus partners each are providing to dual admission students.
Clean Air Vehicle Decals - California DMV
Compressed natural gas (CNG) and Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fueled vehicles may also qualify for the CAV decal program.Visit CARB’s website at www.arb.ca.gov (Carpool Stickers) for additional information on vehicle eligibility.20121/1/2019Green CAV decals were issued to vehicles that met Enhanced AT PZEV (TZEV standards for exhaust emissions.)Vehicles issued a green decal prior to January 1, 2017, are no longer eligible for this program after January 1, 2019. View the CAV Decal Issued Prior to January 1, 2017 by VIN list and search by VIN to check if the vehicle has been issued a CAV decal. See Income-Based (IB) CAV decal program for possible exception. 20001/1/2019White CAV Decals were issued to ZEVs, CNG, LPG, and ULEV standard for exhaust emissions and the federal ILEV standard. Ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEVs) are no longer eligible to participate in this program after January 1, 2019. Vehicles issued a white decal prior to January 1, 2017, are no longer eligible for this program after January 1, 2019. View the CAV Decal Issued Prior to January 1, 2017 by VIN list and search by VIN to check if the vehicle has been issued a CAV decal. See IB-CAV decal program for possible exception. 20052011These decals were issued to early models of qualifying hybrid vehicles. These stickers were limited to the first 85,000 applicants.
If you purchased a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle on or after January 1, 2018, and your gross annual income is above the thresholds listed above in “Rules, Regulations, and Eligibility”, a CAV decal cannot be issued to you if you have received a consumer rebate through CARB’s Clean Vehicle Rebate Project (CVRP). If your gross annual income is above specified thresholds, you may have to choose between a CAV decal and a CVRP rebate. For additional information, visit CARB’s website at www.arb.ca.gov.

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Permit Center | Danville, CA
Contact the Planning Division 925-314-3310  if you have questions.Review the Permit Directory (below) for Submittal Requirements and project information.Contact the Permit Center 925-314-3330 if you have questions. Commercial projects can schedule a Business Concierge meeting to receive a specific checklist of submittal requirements for your commercial project.Central Contra Costa Sanitary District (CCCSD) approval is required for some projects. Be sure to have CCCSD review/stamp your plans prior to submitting an application with the Town. CCCSD approval is required for the projects including the scope listed below but is not limited to:Adding, relocating, or removing fixtures to public sanitary sewer systemExpanding the structure beyond the existing building footprint (e.g. an addition, covered patio, etc.) Adding a generator or ground mounted solar/PV arrayAdding an attached or detached structure to the property (e.g. deck, gazebo, ADU, carport)Complete a Building Application Permit (PDF). For Other Permit types, please see application forms listed under the Permit Directory.Review the Outside Agency Checklist (PDF) for other agencies that may apply to your project.Submit Application and/or Plans to Permit Center. This can be done through an appointment at the Permit Center or Online Permit Portal (only residential projects and encroachment permits are accepted online currently). Instructions for submitting an application online can be found on our Online Permit Instructions page.

 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 

Permit DirectoryOnly residential projects and encroachment permits are currently accepted through our online portal. In order to submit a permit online you will have to Register an account with the Online Permit Center Portal.Step-by-Step instructions for Registering an Account (PDF)

 
 
 

Types of Permits

 
 
 

 Residential

PROJECT TYPESubmittal Requirements /Project InformationNew Single Family Dwelling, NSFDApply New Single Family Dwelling Submittal Requirements (PDF)Accessory Dwelling Units, ADU (A self-contained living unit on the same property as the main home. Sometimes referred to as an in-law unit or granny unit.)
Bill Text - AB-132 Postsecondary education trailer bill.
assessment that provides data on all of the following:(1) The existing usage of the CCGI’s various features by pupils, counselors, and others in the elementary, secondary, and postsecondary segments of education.(2) Survey data from users on the relative usefulness of the existing features and other potential, desired features such as additional college planning tools.(3) Recommendations for modifying the CCGI’s features consistent with the survey results.SEC. 13. Section 66021.2 of the Education Code is amended to read:66021.2. Consistent with the state’s historic commitment to provide educational opportunity by ensuring both student access to and selection of an institution of higher education for students with financial need, the long-term policy of the Ortiz-Pacheco-Poochigian-Vasconcellos Cal Grant Program established pursuant to Chapter 1.7 (commencing with Section 69430) of Part 42 shall be as follows:(a) Commencing with the 2001–02 academic year and every year thereafter, an applicant for a Cal Grant A or B award shall receive an award that is not in excess of the financial need amount determined by the Student Aid Commission pursuant to Section 69432.9 if the applicant complies with all of the following requirements:(1) Demonstrates financial need under the criteria adopted pursuant to Section 69432.9.(2) Attains a grade point average, as defined in Section 69432.7, meeting the requirements of Chapter 1.7 (commencing with Section 69430) of Part 42.(3) Complies with each of the eligibility criteria applicable to the type of Cal Grant award for which the applicant is applying.(b) (1) (A) The maximum Cal Grant A award for a student attending the University of California or the California State University shall equal the mandatory systemwide fees in the segment attended by the student, plus the access award specified in Article 9 (commencing with Section 69465) of Chapter 1.7 of Part 42 if the student meets qualifying criteria pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section
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NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010
Jupiter's magnetic field oscillates up and down as the planet rotates

To measure magnetic field strength and direction, you need to be in the field. Remote sensing such as a ground based observatory, won't do. So, spacecraft observations were needed to tell us if the Galilean moons had a magnetic field. Neither Pioneers 10 and 11 nor Voyagers 1 and 2 got close enough to these moons to make a definitive measurement. But the Galileo orbiter did and in December of 1995, it began its eight year orbital mission to explore Jupiter, its moons and rings, and the fields and particles surrounding the giant planet. Now, it turns out that determining whether these moons are generating a global magnetic field is not such an easy task. This is due to the ever present and substantial Jovian magnetic field that oscillates up and down as the planet rotates, like a wobbly top. The oscillations stem from the misalignment between Jupiter's spin axis and its magnetic field axis, about 10 degrees, first detected by the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft, the variations in Jupiter's magnetic field can be felt by its moons and will induce time varying magnetic fields in any moon composed of a sufficiently conducting material. Remember the experiments of Michael Faraday showing how the flow of current generates a magnetic field and, conversely, how a changing or moving magnetic field creates current? Same thing!

Cross section of Europa'a core

So, time varying magnetic fields synchronized with the rotation of Jupiter (about 10 hours) were detected around Europa and Callisto suggesting that these are "induced" fields resulting from the flow of electrical current through a conducting medium below the surface (again, think Michael Faraday). The best guess for this medium is a salty water ocean since their tenuous atmospheres and surfaces can be ruled out as adequate conductors. This is, in fact, what led astronomers to the conclusion that these moons (Ganymede too) had sub surface salt water oceans, heightening the possibilities for the existence of life! These water reservoirs are kept liquid by radioactive decay (in the case of Callisto) and both radioactive decay and tidal friction (in the case of Europa).
Cassini’s Final View of Home
Cassini’s Final View of Home

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Cassini’s Final View of Home

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 This page contains archived content and is no longer being updated. At the time of publication, it represented the best available science.

April 13, 2017JPEG

Cassini sent back this spectacular view of Earth just before it embarked on the final stage of its mission—a dramatic series of dives between Saturn and its rings that will culminate when the spacecraft plunges into the planet’s atmosphere. The image shows Earth as just a point of light between the rings. The particles in the icy rings range in size from smaller than a grain of sand to as large as mountains.
Cassini captured the image on April 13, 2017, when the spacecraft was 870 million miles (1.4 billion kilometers) from Earth. Although it is too small to be visible, the part of Earth facing Cassini was the southern Atlantic Ocean.
The A Ring and Keeler Gap are visible near the top of the image, with the F Ring below. During this observation, Cassini was looking toward the backlit rings and making a mosaic of multiple images with the Sun blocked by the disk of Saturn. The F Ring appears especially bright in this viewing geometry.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Reaching for the Stars Since 1936
The spacecraft dives through an approximately 1,500-mile-wide (2,400-kilometer-wide) gap between Saturn and its rings for the first time on April 26 and loops around to shoot through that gap another 21 times before ending its mission by burning up in the skies of Saturn on Sept. 15, 2017. Data from Cassini's grand finale provide insight into the planet's internal structure, rings, radiation environment and atmosphere (including the first direct measurements).
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FEBRUARY 22, 2017First System of Seven Earth-Sized Planets Around a Single Star RevealedSpitzer Space Telescope

Forty light-years away, a system of seven Earth-sized planets encircle an ultra-cool dwarf star called TRAPPIST-1. This is the only known planetary system apart from our own that has three planets in the habitable zone, the area around a star in which a planet could support liquid water on its surface. In collaboration with several ground-based telescopes, including the Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope (TRAPPIST) in Chile, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope helped reveal the number and nature of these planets, using its infrared vision.
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JULY 4, 2016First Solar-Powered Spacecraft at JupiterJuno

After traveling 1.7 billion miles (2.7 billion kilometers) and nearly five years, Juno successfully begins orbiting the solar system's largest planet on Independence Day. It is the first solar-powered spacecraft to explore Jupiter and carries instruments that will enable it to peer down through the clouds and into the planet's interior, giving scientists clues about how Jupiter was born and how the entire solar system evolved.
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MARCH 6, 2015First Spacecraft to Visit a Dwarf Planet and First Spacecraft to Orbit Two Planetary DestinationsDawn

Two-and-a-half years after it left its first destination, the protoplanet Vesta, NASA's Dawn spacecraft slips into orbit around Ceres, the largest world in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The spacecraft is approximately 38,000 miles (61,000 kilometers) from Ceres when it is captured by Ceres' gravity.
Why does Saturn have rings? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Why does Saturn have rings? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

saturn-rings

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Why does Saturn have rings?

An image of Saturn taken by the Cassini spacecraft. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Scientists have ideas about why Saturn has rings, but no one knows for sure.

What are Saturn's rings made of?
Are they solid like the CD you used to make your model? Or are they made of many particles dancing in formation around the planet? Four robotic spacecraft from Earth have visited Saturn—Pioneer 11, Voyager 1, Voyager 2 and Cassini. They have revealed many surprising things about Saturn's rings.

The small color differences in Saturn's rings have been enhanced in this picture from Voyager 2 data. Credit: NASA


Over 60 bright and dark ringlets show up in this color enhanced image from Voyager 2 data. Credit: NASA

The rings are about 400,000 kilometers (240,000 miles) wide. That's the distance from the Earth to the Moon! But the rings are as little as 100 meters (330 feet) thick. They range from particles too tiny to see to "particles" the size of a bus. Scientists think they are icy snowballs or ice covered rocks.
There are actually many rings—maybe 500 to 1000. There are also gaps in the rings.

Artist's concept of Cassini diving between Saturn and its innermost ring. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

The Cassini spacecraft arrived at Saturn in July 2004. It orbited Saturn for 13 years, studying Saturn, its rings, and its moons much more thoroughly than the earlier spacecraft could.
Cassini also carried a probe, called Huygens (HOY-guns), that parachuted into the atmosphere of Saturn's giant moon Titan. Huygens sent back amazing information and images from this strange world whose surface we have never seen.
Cassini and Huygens made many exciting discoveries.
All About Saturn | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
All About Saturn | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

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All About Saturn

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Saturn isn’t the only planet to have rings, but it definitely has the most beautiful ones. The rings we see are made of groups of tiny ringlets that surround Saturn. They’re made of chunks of ice and rock. Like Jupiter, Saturn is mostly a ball of hydrogen and helium.

Explore Saturn! Click and drag to rotate Saturn. Scroll or pinch to zoom in and out. Credit: NASA Visualization Technology Applications and Development (VTAD)

When Galileo Galilei saw Saturn through a telescope in the 1600s, he wasn't sure what he was seeing. At first he thought he was looking at three planets, or a planet with handles. Now we know those "handles" turned out to be the rings of Saturn.

Structure and Surface

Saturn is a gas giant like Jupiter. It is made mostly of hydrogen and helium.
Saturn has a thick atmosphere.
Saturn has a lovely set of seven main rings with spaces between them.

Time on Saturn

One day on Saturn goes by in just 10.7 hours.
One year on Saturn is the same as 29 Earth years.

Saturn's Neighbors

As of June 8, 2023, Saturn has 146 moons.
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. That means Jupiter and Uranus are Saturn’s neighboring planets.

Quick History

Saturn has been known since ancient times because it can be seen without advanced telescopes.
Four robotic spacecraft have visited Saturn, including Pioneer 11, Cassini, and Voyager 1 and 2.

What does Saturn look like?

The Cassini spacecraft took this picture of Saturn's rings. You can see the grey and tan colors.

This is a picture of Saturn and its moons Tethys and Dione. Voyager 1 took this picture as it passed by.


NASA's Cassini spacecraft went behind Saturn and took this picture in 2013.
Juno - NASA Science
Juno cruised within about 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) of the surface during flybys of Io in December 2023 and February 2024.Learn MoreMission Objectives Juno's principal goal is to understand the origin and evolution of Jupiter. Underneath its dense cloud cover, Jupiter safeguards secrets to the fundamental processes and conditions that likely governed our solar system as it formed. Our primary example of a giant planet, Jupiter can also help us understand planetary systems being discovered around other stars.  Theories about solar-system formation all begin with the collapse of a giant cloud of gas and dust, or nebula, the bulk of which went into forming the infant Sun. Like the Sun, Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, so it must have formed early, capturing most of the material left over after our star came to be. How this happened, however, is unclear.  Unlike Earth, Jupiter's giant mass allowed it to hold onto its original composition; like a time capsule, it provides us with a way to trace our solar system's history. Deciphering the origin and evolution of Jupiter will help us understand the formation of the rest of the solar system, including how Earth came to be, and how it became a haven for life. Juno completed its primary mission by mid-2021, offering revelations about Jupiter’s interior structure, atmosphere (including polar cyclones, deep atmosphere, and auroras), and magnetosphere – the vast region around the planet influenced by Jupiter's uniquely intense magnetic field. Now Juno has pivoted to an extended mission, in which NASA’s most distant planetary orbiter expands on the discoveries it already made, while also exploring the full Jovian system. That includes the dust in the planet’s faint rings, and three of Jupiter’s four Galilean Moons – Ganymede, Europa, and Io – so named because in 1610 Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei was the first to identify the quartet of satellites (Callisto is the fourth – farther out than the other three, and not visited by Juno). seeing what galileo sawJupiter's MoonsIn January 1610, astronomer Galileo Galilei saw four points of light near Jupiter; but they didn't traverse the sky like other stars, they remained close to the planet. He realized he was seeing moons – the first discovered beyond Earth.
Old Data Reveal New Evidence of Europa Plumes – NASA's Europa Clipper
Jia’s team was inspired to dive back into the Galileo data by Melissa McGrath of the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. A member of the Europa Clipper science team, McGrath delivered a presentation to fellow team scientists, highlighting other Hubble observations of Europa.
“One of the locations she mentioned rang a bell. Galileo actually did a flyby of that location, and it was the closest one we ever had. We realized we had to go back,” Jia said. “We needed to see whether there was anything in the data that could tell us whether or not there was a plume.”
At the time of the 1997 flyby, about 124 miles (200 kilometers) above Europa’s surface, the Galileo team didn’t suspect the spacecraft might be grazing a plume erupting from the icy moon. Now, Jia and his team believe, its path was fortuitous.
When they examined the information gathered during that flyby 21 years ago, sure enough, high-resolution magnetometer data showed something strange. Drawing on what scientists learned from exploring plumes on Saturn’s moon Enceladus -- that material in plumes becomes ionized and leaves a characteristic blip in the magnetic field -- they knew what to look for. And there it was on Europa -- a brief, localized bend in the magnetic field that had never been explained.
Galileo carried a powerful Plasma Wave Spectrometer to measure plasma waves caused by charged particles in gases around Europa’s atmosphere. Jia’s team pulled that data as well, and it also appeared to back the theory of a plume.

There now seem to be too many lines of evidence to dismiss plumes at Europa.

- Robert Pappalardo, Europa Clipper Project Scientist

But numbers alone couldn’t paint the whole picture. Jia layered the magnetometry and plasma wave signatures into new 3D modeling developed by his team at the University of Michigan, which simulated the interactions of plasma with solar system bodies. The final ingredient was the data from Hubble that suggested dimensions of potential plumes.
The result that emerged, with a simulated plume, was a match to the magnetic field and plasma signatures the team pulled from the Galileo data.