vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
2001 Budget Analysis Trial Court Funding (0450)
First, it is important to treat revenues uniformly throughout the state and guarantee
that the courts and the counties receive an appropriate share. Second, the Legislature needs to be able to estimate the level of
revenue available from civil assessments and other fees as it considers the issue of who should be responsible for court facilities and
reviews the increasing costs of trial court operations, both discussed in this section.
Analyst's Recommendation. Because the revenue generated by undesignated court fees is significant, it is important for the
Legislature to identify a method for determining the distribution of these fee revenues among counties and the courts. Therefore, we
recommend that the Legislature request the Bureau of State Audits to perform an audit to determine the total amount of revenues
generated by these undesignated fees, which entity—the courts or counties—currently receive these revenues, and how these
revenues are being used.
Mechanism Needed for Funding Trial Court Salary Increases 
We recommend that the Judicial Council develop and submit a proposal to the Legislature, prior to budget hearings,
for funding the costs of negotiated salary increases for trial court staff and court security personnel.
Background. Salaries for trial court employees are determined at the local level, largely as a result of negotiations between court
representatives and labor organizations. Because the state has assumed financial responsibility for trial courts, the funds it provides
to courts are used to support these negotiated salary increases (NSIs). The time delays that often exist between when NSIs are
negotiated and when they become effective means their full fiscal impact may not be realized for several years.
The state has funded trial court NSIs negotiated in previous years and the current year through budget appropriations or deficiency
requests. The current-year's budget act included a one-time provision to adjust the trial court budget by the amount of the average
state employee salary and benefit increase and directed the Judicial Council to provide a permanent funding policy to the Governor
and Legislature by December 31, 2000. At the time this analysis was prepared, the Judicial Council and the administration had not
decided on a permanent policy for funding NSIs. Furthermore, the Governor's budget does not contain funds for trial courts to use
for NSIs, now estimated at $38 million.
Self-Help Glossary - selfhelp
The rules and principles, descriptions of the government’s power, and the main rights that the people of a country or state have.

Consumer Credit Protection Act (CCPA): Federal law that limits how much money can be taken from someone’s paycheck to pay for child support. States can set their own limits as long as these limits are not higher than the federal ones.

contempt: When doing something or not doing (or saying) something prevents justice from being had or hurts the honor, respect, or authority of the court. This includes ignoring or disobeying a court order on purpose. Punishment can be a fine or jail.

contested: A kind of case where both sides present evidence.

continuance: Putting off a court case to a later date. (See adjournment; compare with recess.)

continued: Postponed, or put off to a later date.

continuing exclusive jurisdiction: Theory that only one support order should be valid between the same people at a time. And when a court hears a child support case, it can add to and change that order. The court of continuing exclusive jurisdiction (CCEJ) has control over a support case until another court takes it away. This is defined in the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA). (See Uniform Interstate Family Support Act.)

contract: (1) An agreement between 2 or more people to do or not to do a particular thing;

(2) an agreement between 2 or more people that makes, changes, or ends a legal relationship.
convey: To give the title to property to someone else. Or to make known or communicate.

conviction: When a judge or jury finds a criminal defendant guilty.

coordination of cases: When cases sharing common questions of fact or law pending in different counties are brought together before 1 judge so that the decisions will be consistent. The cases do not have to involve the same parties. (Compare with consolidation of actions.)

coram nobis: A legal paper that is used to tell the court about mistakes in the facts of the case. It is used to try to cancel the judgment. Comes from the Latin for "before us, in our presence."
Consumer Issues | New York State Attorney General
Attorney General James Sues Live Nation and Ticketmaster for Monopolizing Live Events and Overcharging Consumers

February 29, 2024

Attorney General James Announces Investigation of Recent AT&T Outage 

December 28, 2023

Attorney General James Secures $740,000 from Online Mental Health Provider for its Burdensome Cancellation Process

August 15, 2023

Attorney General James Secures $275,000 from Car Rental Company Avis Budget for Unlawfully Denying Rentals to Consumers

New Car Lemon LawUsed Car Lemon LawWheelchair Lemon Law GuideView all publications

May 6, 2021

Fake Comments: How U.S. Companies & Partisans Hack Democracy to Undermine Your Voice (2021)

March 29, 2018

Information Exposed:2017 Data Breaches in New York State

January 28, 2016

Obstructed View: What’s Blocking New Yorkers from Getting Tickets (2016)

March 2, 2015

Fighting Fraud in New York One Consumer at a Time

Consumer Frauds Bureau

The Office of the New York State Attorney General protects New Yorkers from fraudulent, misleading, deceptive, and illegal trade practices. We investigate businesses that may be operating illegally. If we find that a business is violating the law, we get remedies for New Yorkers including refunds and changes in behavior. Our consumer mediation program, which handles over 12,500 mediations each year, helps New Yorkers resolve their problems with businesses and obtain refunds or other remedies. 

About the Consumer Frauds Bureau 

Bureau of Internet & Technology

The Bureau of Internet and Technology (BIT) is committed to protecting consumers and families from new and developing online threats. As a pioneer in this field, the office has brought cutting edge cases and entered important settlements related to a wide range of online and technology issues, including child safety, privacy, deceptive or illegal trade practices, consumer fraud, spyware, spam, discrimination, and free speech.

About the Bureau of Internet & Technology 

Letitia James
New York State Attorney General

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Appellant’s Opening Brief – California Appellate Courts
Rules for cover colors, only when briefs are filed on paper (Note: this rule does not apply for electronic filing). The cover must be cardstock paper.

Appellant’s opening brief or appendix—green cover
Respondent’s brief or appendix—yellow cover
Appellant’s reply brief or appendix- tan cover
Joint Appendix—white cover
Petition for rehearing—orange cover
Petition for review—white cover

Rules for information required to be included on the cover of the brief:
The cover should include the title of the case, the superior court and Court of Appeal case numbers, the names of the superior court judge and county, the type of brief (for example, “Appellant’s Opening Brief,” “Respondent’s Brief,” or “Appellant’s Reply Brief” (see “Cover” of Sample Form K), and the filing party’s name, address, and daytime telephone number. The court heading should be centered at the top of the brief cover.
 
 What are common legal issues presented in an appeal? When someone decides whether or not to appeal, they should carefully review the record of the trial proceedings for potential legal issues.
There are many legal issues that might be raised by an appellant in the opening brief. Here are some of the most common legal issues raised in an appeal:

The trial judge erroneously admitted evidence over objection, and the inadmissible evidence prejudiced the appellant’s case.
The trial judge erroneously refused to admit relevant evidence and thus prejudiced the appellant’s case.
The jury instructions were legally incorrect.
The trial judge misinterpreted the parties’ contract that was in dispute.
The trial judge misapplied or misinterpreted statutory, common law (case decisions), or constitutional law.
The trial judge erred in sustaining a demurrer to the appellant’s complaint because the complaint legally states a cause of action.
The trial judge erred in granting summary judgment because there are material, disputed facts that require a trial.
The trial judge or jury made a mathematical or other error in computing the amount of damages.
The trial judge erred in awarding costs or attorney’s fees.
Tax form changes | FTB.ca.gov
Assembly Bill 80, which chaptered on April 29, 2021, provides modified conformity to the federal other loan forgiveness provisions under the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, which allows taxpayers to deduct eligible expenses paid for with covered loan amounts, except for an ineligible entity. If an ineligible entity deducted eligible expenses for federal purposes, then an adjustment is needed on Form 100W, line 8 – Other additions.
Assembly Bill 176, which chaptered on September 23, 2021, allows an exclusion from gross income grant allocations received by a taxpayer pursuant to the California Microbusiness COVID-19 Relief Program. Federal law has no similar exclusion. If an adjustment is needed, enter the amount of this type of income on Form 100W, line 15 – Other Deductions.
Assembly Bill 176, which chaptered on September 23, 2021, allows an exclusion from gross income grant allocations received by a taxpayer pursuant to the California Venues Grant Program. Federal law has no similar exclusion. If an adjustment is needed, enter the amount of this type of income on Form 100W, line 15 – Other Deductions.

2020
540, Personal Income Tax Booklet, and Instructions for Schedule CA (540), California Adjustments – Residents
03/22/2022
PDF

540 Booklet, page 2, Table of Contents, page numbers starting from âWhich Form Should I Use?â through âAutomated Phone Serviceâ.
540 Booklet, page 2, column 1, $$$ for You, paragraph 4, Refund of Excess State Disability Insurance (SDI) paragraph.
540 Booklet, page 3, Do I Have to File?, California Gross Income/California Adjusted Gross Income chart, last row, Dependent of another person, column 3.
540 Booklet, page 4, Whatâs New and Other Important Information for 2020, column 1, after the American Rescue Plan Unemployment Compensation paragraph.
540 Booklet, page 4, Whatâs New and Other Important Information for 2020, column 2, paragraph 2 within the Dependent Exemption Credit with No ID issue.
540 Booklet, page 5, column 1, after the Advance Grant Amount paragraph.
540 Booklet, page 6, column 2, Schedule X, California Explanation of Amended Return Changes paragraph.
540 Booklet, between page 8 and page 9.
Codes: Code Search
Regulation of Financial Institutions and Securities 7929.000-7929.011 CHAPTER 17. Security Measures and Related Matters 7929.200-7929.215 CHAPTER 18. State Compensation Insurance Fund 7929.400-7929.430 CHAPTER 19. Test Materials, Test Results, and Related Matters 7929.600-7929.610 PART 6. OTHER EXEMPTIONS FROM DISCLOSURE 7930.000-7930.215 CHAPTER 1. Introductory Provisions 7930.000-7930.005 CHAPTER 2. Alphabetical List 7930.100-7930.215 PART 7. Operative Date 7931.000
Before you start a small claims case | California Courts | Self Help Guide
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FTB Publication 1017 | FTB.ca.gov
Withholding is optional, at the discretion of the withholding agent, on the first $1,500 in payments made during the calendar year, or if the S corporation shareholder or partner has received a waiver of withholding from us.
32. Are payments to nonqualified S corporations subject to withholding?
Yes. Payments to S corporations that do not have a permanent place of business in California and are not qualified through SOS to do business in California are subject to withholding.
33. What entities are subject to foreign partner withholding?
California conforms to the federal definition of foreign partners. Thus, foreign partners who are nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships, foreign estates, or foreign trusts are subject to foreign partner withholding.
Withholding Exemptions
34. Who is exempt from withholding?
The following individuals and entities are exempt from withholding:

California residents.
Corporations with a permanent place of business in California.
Corporations qualified through SOS to do business in California.
Partnerships and LLCs with a permanent place of business in California.
Tax-exempt organizations, under either California or federal law.
Insurance companies, IRAs, or qualified pension/profit sharing plans.
California nongrantor trusts.
Estates where the deceased was a California resident at the time of death.

Payees must complete FTB Form 590, Withholding Exemption Certificate, to certify their status.
Exemptions apply to the actual payee and not to their agent or representative.
35. Who is a California resident?
The term resident includes every individual who is in California for other than a temporary or transitory purpose and every individual domiciled in California who is absent for a temporary or transitory purpose. Generally, an individual who comes to California for a purpose extending over a long or indefinite period will be considered a resident. However, an individual who comes to perform a particular contract of short duration will be considered a nonresident. For more information on residency, see FTB Publication 1031, Guidelines for Determining Resident Status.
36. How can withholding agents identify resident payees?
The following are examples of accepted reasonable methods:
Guardianships in California | California Courts | Self Help Guide
This is a general overview of how to become a guardian. Get step-by-step instructions if you want to start a case.
File papers with the court to start the case
When you file forms with the court, you'll pay a fee. 

Pay a fee It costs $225 to start a guardianship of the person case. A guardianship of the estate costs $450 to start. Check with the court for the exact amount. If the child who may need a guardian can't afford the fee, you can apply for a fee waiver. Fee waivers for filing a guardianship case are based on the child's income.
Let the child's family members know
Once you file your papers, the clerk will set a date for you to go to court. You must have someone deliver a copy of the papers and the date, time, and place of the court hearing to the child's parents and other family members. You can ask for the parent's consent to you being guardian, as well as the consent of the other relatives. But even if they consent, they can still change their minds, come to the hearing, and object.

Serve court papers Serving court papers is the official legal way to let someone know you started a court case.
Talk to an investigator and go to court
Before the judge makes a decision, the court will appoint someone to investigate why the guardianship is necessary or convenient and write a report for the judge. Then, you'll have a court date.

At court, you, the child's parents, and the child's other family members will have the chance to speak to the judge. Then, the judge will decide whether to make you guardian for the child.
If you become a guardian
You will need to send the court an update each year about the child's health and education, where the child is living if not with you, and other information. You may also need to go back to court to talk about related issues like: 
One or both parents ask for a visitation schedule with the child, or you want to change the visitation schedule. 
You want to move with the child.
FTB Publication 1017 | FTB.ca.gov
Is withholding required when tax-exempt entities make payments to nonresident payees?
Yes. Regardless of your tax or organizational status, when a payment is made to a nonresident for a service performed in California, withholding may be required.
29. Are LLCs required to withhold on nonresident members who have signed FTB 3832, Limited Liability Company Nonresident Membersâ Consent?
Yes. The LLCs must withhold on nonresident members who have signed FTB 3832.
30. Are LLCs required to withhold on nonresident members if the nonresident members have not signed FTB 3832, and the LLCs are paying the nonconsenting nonresident tax for the nonconsenting members?
Yes. Payment of nonconsenting nonresident tax does not relieve LLCs of the requirement to withhold on nonresident members. However, LLCs who can show they pay the nonconsenting nonresident tax on all nonconsenting members may request a waiver from us for withholding on their nonconsenting members.
31. When are S corporations and partnerships required to withhold?
S corporations and partnerships must withhold on distributions of California source income to nonresident S corporation shareholders and partners. This includes, but is not limited to, distributions of current year income and distributions of prior year income that were not previously reported as income from California sources on the S corporation shareholderâs or partnerâs California tax return. Withholding is optional, at the discretion of the withholding agent, on the first $1,500 in payments made during the calendar year, or if the S corporation shareholder or partner has received a waiver of withholding from us.
32. Are payments to nonqualified S corporations subject to withholding?
Yes. Payments to S corporations that do not have a permanent place of business in California and are not qualified through SOS to do business in California are subject to withholding.
33. What entities are subject to foreign partner withholding?
California conforms to the federal definition of foreign partners.
FTB Publication 1017 | FTB.ca.gov
Nonresidents must include in California gross income the gross payments for all services performed in California.
Domestic (Nonforeign) S Corporation Shareholders and Partners
R&TC Section 18662 and the related regulations require S corporations and partnerships to withhold income taxes when distributing current or prior year income to domestic S corporation shareholders and partners. Withholding is not required if distributions to an S corporation shareholder or partner are $1,500 or less during the calendar year.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Partners
R&TC Section 18666 requires withholding on income from California sources, which is allocated to foreign partners. R&TC Section 18666 generally conforms to federal IRC Section 1446 to the extent that the income is from California sources.
Limited Liability Companies (LLCs) and Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs)
For withholding purposes, both LLCs, classified as partnerships, and LLPs are treated like partnerships. For purposes of this publication, LLCs and LLPs are generally included in the term âpartnershipâ and members are generally included in the term âpartner.â LLC and LLP information returns are included in the term âpartnership information returns.â Form 568, Limited Liability Company Return of Income, is included in Form 565, Partnership Return of Income. However, LLCs should specifically see questions 29 and 30 relating to consenting and nonconsenting members.
Whatâs New
Beginning on January 1, 2020, we have a new Form 592-PTE, Pass-Through Entity Annual Withholding Return. Form 592-PTE is an annual form for pass through entities (PTEs) to allocate withholding credit to its payees. Withholding payments associated to Form 592-PTE are still due each payment period, and submitted with the new Form 592-Q, Payment Voucher for Pass-Through Entity Withholding.
Frequently Asked Questions
General Withholding Requirements
1. When is backup withholding required?
If you are required to withhold and remit backup withholding to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) you are also required to withhold and remit to FTB, except for instances specifically excluded for California purposes.
2.