vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010
NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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SUN-EARTH DAY FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Is Sun-Earth Day just a one-day event?
No. Sun-Earth Day is a combination of programs and events throughout the year ending with a Sun-Earth Day celebration on or near the Spring Equinox in March.

Who is the audience?
The Sun-Earth Day website has science education resources for K-12 teachers, informal educators from museums, parks, and community organizations, scientists, amateur astronomers, and others interested in learning more about our direct connection to our nearest star.

Who can host a Sun-Earth Day event?
Sun-Earth Day events are hosted by a growing list of educators and scientists from schools, community groups, parks, planetariums and science centers from around the globe. Don't forget to register!

Is Sun-Earth Day's content and focus the same each year?
Each year the Sun-Earth Day program wraps a fresh new thematic approach around NASAs Sun-Earth Connection science, missions and cutting edge research.

What are the themes for past Sun-Earth Days?

Our Sun, Yours to Discover (2009)
Space Weather Around the World (2008)
Living in the Atmosphere of the Sun (2007)
Eclipse: In a Different Light (2006)
Ancient Observatories: Timeless Knowledge (2005)
Venus Transit (2004)
Live from the Aurora (2003)
Celebrate the Equinox (2002)
Having a Solar Blast (2001)

Where can I find materials from previous themes/years?
Electronic materials from past Sun-Earth Day themes are still available within the archived sites listed above. Many of the printed materials can still be ordered while supplies last. Contact us for more information.

Why do I need to register?
By registering once, you will receive a FREE welcoming packet of materials.
Where Does the Solar System End? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Like a big bubble with thick walls around our solar system. 
It’s made of icy pieces of space debris the sizes of mountains and sometimes larger. This is where some comets come from. 
The voyager 1 spacecraft took 35 years to leave the sun's magnetic influence. It’s traveling one million miles each day. At that speed, it will take 300 years to reach the inner layer of the Oort Cloud. And then it will take 30,000 to get through it all. It’s that thick. 
Find out more about our solar system and what lies beyond it at NASA Space Place! 

 	article last updated August 29, 2022
 

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Where Does the Sun's Energy Come From? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Where Does the Sun's Energy Come From? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

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Where Does the Sun's Energy Come From?

Click here to download this video (1920x1080, 128 MB, video/mp4).

Where does the Sun's energy come from?
The Sun's heat influences the environments of all the planets, dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, and comets in our solar system. How does a big ball of hydrogen create all that heat? Learn all about it in this video!

Download a poster of this animation!

8.5 x 11 inches

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Click here to read a transcript of this story

Every 1.5 millionths of a second, the Sun releases more energy than all humans consume in an entire year. Without the Sun there would be no light, no 	warmth, and no life.
Its heat influences the environments of all the planets, dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, and comets in our solar system.
How does a big ball of hydrogen create all that heat? The short answer is that it is big. If it were smaller, it would be just be a sphere of hydrogen, 	like Jupiter.
But the Sun is much bigger than Jupiter. It would take almost 1,000 Jupiters to fill it up!
That’s a lot of hydrogen. That means it’s held together by a whole lot of gravity. And THAT means there is a whole lot of pressure inside of it.
In fact, the pressure is so intense, and the density so great, that the hydrogen atoms collide with enough force that they literally meld into a new 	element—helium.
This process—called nuclear fusion—releases energy while creating a chain reaction that allows it to occur over and over and over again.
That energy builds up. It gets as hot as 27 million degrees Fahrenheit in the sun’s core. The energy travels outward through a large area called the 	convective zone.
NASA's Earth Observing System
LIS on ISS
(NASA)

 Launch: Feb 19 2017
 

Altitude:420km
Inclination:51.65°

 

NOAA-N

 Launch: May 20 2005
 

 

OCO-2
(NASA)

 Launch: Jul 2 2014
 

Altitude:705km
Inclination:98.20°
Local Node:1:15 p.m. 

 

ISS-OCO-3
(NASA)

 Launch: May 4 2019
 

Altitude:400km
Inclination:51.60°

 

PACE
(NASA)

 Launch: Feb 8 2024
 

 

Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich
(ESA/CNES/COM/EUMETSAT/NASA/NOAA)

 Launch: Nov 21 2020
 

Altitude:1,366km
Inclination:66.00°

 

SMAP

 Launch: Jan 31 2015
 

Altitude:685km
Inclination:98.00°
Local Node:6:00 a.m.

 

SAGE III-ISS
(NASA, ESA)

 Launch: Feb 19 2017
 

Altitude:350km
Inclination:51.60°

 

Suomi NPP

 Launch: Oct 28 2011
 

Altitude:824km
Inclination:97.10°
Local Node:1:30 p.m. 

 

SWOT
(Joint with France)

 Launch: Dec 16 2022
 

 

Terra

 Launch: Dec 18 1999
 

Altitude:720km
Inclination:98.10°
Local Node:10:40 a.m.

 

GCOM-W1
(JAXA)

 Launch: May 18 2012
 

Altitude:700km
Inclination:98.00°

 

TROPICS
(NASA)

 Launch: May 7 2023
 

Altitude:550km
Inclination:32.00°

 

TSIS-1

 Launch: Dec 15 2017
 

Altitude:415km
Inclination:51.60°

 

TEMPO
(NASA)

 Launch: Apr 7 2023
 

Altitude:35,786km
Inclination:0.00°

 

 Sentinel-6B

 Launch: Nov 2026
NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010


NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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SUN-EARTH DAY TEAM

Sun-Earth Day 2010 Project Lead
Elaine Lewis

Formal Education Coordinator
Elaine Lewis

Informal Education Coordinator
Carolyn Ng 

Amateur Astronomer Coordinator
Lou Mayo

Web Content Manager/Producer
Troy Cline

Web Site Design/Development

Bryan Stephenson
Troy Cline

Website Maintenance
Bryan Stephenson

Senior Astronomer/Writer

('Technology Through Time' Editor)
Dr. Sten Odenwald

Director of Sun Earth Day

Dr. Jim Thieman

Project Partners

IDEUM
NASA EDGE

Special Thanks

Nathan James - SEC Education Resource Coordinator, SED registration 
Lou Mayo - SED Amateur Astronomer Lead - Planetary Scientist / Writer 

Goddard's Scientific Visualization Studio
Space Science Visualization Lab (SSVL)

We would also like to thank Dave Massey, of http://www.free-background-wallpaper.com/, for giving us permission to use and modify one of his images for this year's Sun-Earth Day Banner. This year's banner is a composition created by Troy Cline and Bryan Stephenson.

About Sun-Earth Day

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                            NASA Official: Alex Young
                        

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NASA's Earth Observing System
Altitude:35,800km

 

GOES 13-15

 Launch: May 24 2005
 

 

GEDI on ISS
(NASA)

 Launch: Dec 5 2018
 

Altitude:400km
Inclination:51.60°

 

GPM Core

 Launch: Feb 27 2014
 

Altitude:407km
Inclination:65.00°

 

GRACE-FO
(NASA, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ))

 Launch: May 22 2018
 

Altitude:490km
Inclination:89.00°

 

ICESat-2

 Launch: Sep 15 2018
 

Altitude:481km
Inclination:92.00°

 

Jason-3
(Joint with NOAA, CNES, and EUMETSAT)

 Launch: Jan 17 2016
 

Altitude:1,336km
Inclination:66.00°

 

JPSS-1

 Launch: Nov 18 2017
 

Altitude:833km
Inclination:98.70°
Local Node:1:30 p.m.

 

JPSS-2

 Launch: Nov 10 2022
 

Altitude:833km
Inclination:98.70°
Local Node:1:30 p.m.

 

Landsat 7
(Joint with USGS)

 Launch: Apr 15 1999
 

Altitude:705km
Inclination:98.20°
Local Node:10:05 a.m.

 

Landsat 8

 Launch: Feb 11 2013
 

Altitude:705km
Inclination:98.20°
Local Node:10:30 a.m.

 

Landsat 9
(NASA/USGS)

 Launch: Sep 27 2021
 

Altitude:705km
Inclination:98.20°

 

LIS on ISS
(NASA)

 Launch: Feb 19 2017
 

Altitude:420km
Inclination:51.65°

 

NOAA-N

 Launch: May 20 2005
 

 

OCO-2
(NASA)

 Launch: Jul 2 2014
 

Altitude:705km
Inclination:98.20°
Local Node:1:15 p.m. 

 

ISS-OCO-3
(NASA)
NASA's Earth Observing System
(NASA)

 Launch: May 7 2023
 

Altitude:550km
Inclination:32.00°

 

TSIS-1

 Launch: Dec 15 2017
 

Altitude:415km
Inclination:51.60°

 

TEMPO
(NASA)

 Launch: Apr 7 2023
 

Altitude:35,786km
Inclination:0.00°

 

 Sentinel-6B

 Launch: Nov 2026
 

Altitude:1,336km
Inclination:66.00°

 

CLARREO Path.
(NASA)

 Launch: 2025
 

Altitude:400km
Inclination:51.60°

 

GLIMR

 Launch: 2026
 

 

JPSS-3

 Launch: 2032
 

Altitude:833km
Inclination:98.70°

 

JPSS-4

 Launch: 2027
 

Altitude:833km
Inclination:98.70°

 

Libera
(NASA, Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at University of Colorado)

 

MAIA
(NASA)

 Launch: Nov 2025
 

 

NISAR 
(NASA, ISRO)

 Launch: Oct 2024
 

Altitude:747km
Inclination:98.00°

 

PREFIRE
(NASA)

 Launch: Aug 2024
 

Altitude:470km
Inclination:82.00°

 

TSIS-2
(NASA)

 Launch: May 2025
 

Altitude:600km
Inclination:97.70°

 

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NASA’s TESS Finds Intriguing World Sized Between Earth, Venus - NASA Science
The newly discovered world, named Gliese 12 b, orbits every 12.8 days and is Earth’s size or slightly smaller — comparable to Venus. Assuming it has no atmosphere, the planet has a surface temperature estimated at around 107 degrees Fahrenheit (42 degrees Celsius).Astronomers say that the diminutive sizes and masses of red dwarf stars make them ideal for finding Earth-size planets. A smaller star means greater dimming for each transit, and a lower mass means an orbiting planet can produce a greater wobble, known as “reflex motion,” of the star. These effects make smaller planets easier to detect.Gliese 12 b’s estimated size may be as large as Earth or slightly smaller — comparable to Venus in our solar system. This artist’s concept compares Earth with different possible Gliese 12 b interpretations, from one with no atmosphere to one with a thick Venus-like one. Follow-up observations with NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope could help determine just how much atmosphere the planet retains as well as its composition.NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (Caltech-IPAC)The lower luminosities of red dwarf stars also means their habitable zones — the range of orbital distances where liquid water could exist on a planet’s surface — lie closer to them. This makes it easier to detect transiting planets within habitable zones around red dwarfs than those around stars emitting more energy.The distance separating Gliese 12 and the new planet is just 7% of the distance between Earth and the Sun. The planet receives 1.6 times more energy from its star as Earth does from the Sun and about 85% of what Venus experiences.“Gliese 12 b represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-size planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on planets across our galaxy,” said Shishir Dholakia, a doctoral student at the Centre for Astrophysics at the University of Southern Queensland in Australia. He co-led a different research team with Larissa Palethorpe, a doctoral student at the University of Edinburgh and University College London.Both teams suggest that studying Gliese 12 b may help unlock some aspects of our own solar system’s evolution.
NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010
NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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Join NASA in celebrating Sun-Earth Day on March 20, 2010.
Sun-Earth Day is comprised of a series of programs and events that occur throughout the year culminating with a celebration on or near the Spring Equinox. For Sun-Earth Day 2010, we will take a journey into the heart of the electromagnetic force and demonstrate how magnetism, an everyday force that makes motors work, sticks notes to our refrigerators, and keeps electricity flowing to our houses also plays a key role in understanding the sun and is responsible for the most violent explosions in the solar system - Magnetic Storms!
The Sun-Earth Day Strategy:
Over the past ten years, the Sun-Earth Day Team has coordinated education and public outreach events that highlight NASA Sun-Earth Connection research and discoveries. The team's strategy involves using celestial events, such as total solar eclipses and the Transit of Venus, as well as Sun-Earth Day during the March equinox, to engage K-12 schools and the public in space science activities, demonstrations, and interactions with space scientists.
Live Webcast:
On March 20, 2010, join us for a live Sun-Earth Day Webcast from the exhibit floor of the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) conference in Philadelphia, PA. For this webcast our team will combine forces with the award winning NASA EDGE team known for their offbeat, funny and informative look behind the NASA curtain. Our guests will include scientists, educators and students who will demonstrate the power of magnetism and why we care about magnetic storms! If you've ever wanted to learn about NASA but thought you needed to be a rocket scientist, wait no longer.
Sun-Earth Day Resources:
NASA’s TESS Finds Intriguing World Sized Between Earth, Venus - NASA Science
Multiple factors make it a candidate well-suited for further study using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope.Gliese 12 b, which orbits a cool red dwarf star located just 40 light-years away, promises to tell astronomers more about how planets close to their stars retain or lose their atmospheres. In this artist’s concept, Gliese 12 b is shown retaining a thin atmosphere.NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (Caltech-IPAC)TESS stares at a large swath of the sky for about a month at a time, tracking the brightness changes of tens of thousands of stars at intervals ranging from 20 seconds to 30 minutes. Capturing transits — brief, regular dimmings of stars caused by the passage of orbiting worlds — is one of the mission’s primary goals.“We’ve found the nearest, transiting, temperate, Earth-size world located to date,” said Masayuki Kuzuhara, a project assistant professor at the Astrobiology Center in Tokyo, who co-led one research team with Akihiko Fukui, a project assistant professor at the University of Tokyo. “Although we don’t yet know whether it possesses an atmosphere, we’ve been thinking of it as an exo-Venus, with similar size and energy received from its star as our planetary neighbor in the solar system.”The host star, called Gliese 12, is a cool red dwarf located almost 40 light-years away in the constellation Pisces. The star is only about 27% of the Sun’s size, with about 60% of the Sun’s surface temperature. The newly discovered world, named Gliese 12 b, orbits every 12.8 days and is Earth’s size or slightly smaller — comparable to Venus. Assuming it has no atmosphere, the planet has a surface temperature estimated at around 107 degrees Fahrenheit (42 degrees Celsius).Astronomers say that the diminutive sizes and masses of red dwarf stars make them ideal for finding Earth-size planets. A smaller star means greater dimming for each transit, and a lower mass means an orbiting planet can produce a greater wobble, known as “reflex motion,” of the star.
NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010


NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010

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Sun-Earth Day 2010: Magnetic Storms

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Sun-Earth Day 2010: Archived Web Cast

Archived WEB CAST!
For those of you who missed the Live Web Cast, we will have it archived so you can watch it at a later time
	
Learn More
Download the web cast now!

FEATURES

Space Weather Media Viewer V3
An amazing view just got better! Many of the images that appear in the new and improved viewer are "near-real time" and come from a variety of NASA Missions.
                  
Launch the Viewer

Space Weather Action Center
By following the basic steps in the Instructional Guide your class will soon be on its way to accessing, analyzing and recording NASA data.
                  
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2010 Sun-Earth Day Promotional Materials
This year�s desktop wall paper and bookmark will certainly bring a magnetic feel to your environment! The composition includes fractal art and imagery from the SOHO, THEMIS and the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab).
                  
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Magnetism from A to B
Magnetism is a simple force, but many of its properties seem mysterious!
	  
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This year's main celebration was on March 20, 2010, @1pm - 2pm ET.

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NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010


NASA - Sun-Earth Day 2010

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                            A refrigerator magnet has a strength of 100 Gauss.
                        

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NASA - Sun-Earth Day - Space Weather Around the World
So fasten your seatbelts, and join our host, Troy Cline, in this 'Audio Voyage' as we experience the incredible sounds of Space Shuttle Endeavour's recent liftoff into space. - posted September 24nd, 2007

Download the STS-118 Lift off MP3 (13 MB)
Download the STS-118 Lift Off Transcript (pdf) 

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When you subscribe, you can go directly into your podcast software and have it search for new content. All the latest Podcast updates will automatically get downloaded for you. You can then choose to listen or view the content right then, or download it to a portable listening device for later viewing or listening. 
Other NASA Podcasts
For a listing of all NASA portal podcasts, please visit the NASA podcast page at: http://www.nasa.gov/podcast

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A typical galaxy like the Milky Way has a magnetic field strength of about 0.000003 Gauss.
        

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