vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Mission to Mars Student Challenge - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Highlight your students' work from the Mission to Mars Student Challenge
 

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 Land on Mars With NASA's Perseverance Mission
 

 Learn how, why, and what Perseverance will explore on Mars, plus find out about an exciting opportunity for you and your students to join in the adventure!
 

 Resources for Educators
 

 Exploring Mars Lessons
 

 Get students engaged in the excitement of NASA's next mission to Mars with standards-aligned STEM lessons.
 

 Resources for Families
 

 Learning Space With NASA at Home
 

 Explore space and science activities students can do with NASA at home.
 

 Resources for Students
 

 Exploring Mars Activities
 

 Make a cardboard rover, design a Mars exploration video game, learn about Mars in a minute and explore more STEM activities for students.
 

 Events
 

 Live online events about NASA Mars exploration
 

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 Send your name to Mars and join online campaigns
 

 People
 

 Meet JPL interns working on the Perseverance Mars rover
 

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 Mars exploration videos from NASA
 

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 Mars exploration images and graphics from NASA
 

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 Articles about Mars exploration from JPL News
 

› Website: NASA Mars Exploration
› Website: Perseverance Mars Rover
› Press Kit: Launching the Perseverance Mars Rover
› Website: Curiosity Mars Rover
› Website: NASA Space Place - Mars
› NASA People: Systems Engineer Farah Alibay
› NASA People: Education Specialist Brandon Rodriguez
› NASA People: Systems Engineer Matt Smith
› NASA People: Systems Engineer Christina (Diaz) Hernandez
› Twitter: @NASAPersevere
› Website: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
› Email: JPL Newsletter
› Website: NASA
› Website: NASA STEM Engagement
› Website: NASA Social Media

FAQ

 Do we have to do every lesson and activity each week to participate? 

 You can choose your level of involvement and the activities that are most appropriate for your students. Maybe it’s a busy week and you only have time to watch a short video - great! We have that for you! Maybe your students are up for more of a challenge - great!
Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Reaching for the Stars Since 1936
Getting in and out of orbit around a planet takes a lot of energy. But the job is easier when you're talking about a smaller object, such as a protoplanet. Taking advantage of ion propulsion, the Dawn spacecraft slips into orbit around the giant asteroid Vesta as the first of two objects it will orbit in the main asteroid belt. After spending more than a year at Vesta, Dawn will continue on to orbit the dwarf planet Ceres.
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JULY 22, 2006First Images of Extraterrestrial Lakes and SeasCassini

When the Cassini spacecraft trains its radar instrument on the north polar region on Saturn's largest moon Titan, scientists see dark, smooth-looking patches that provide the first definitive evidence of bodies of liquid on a world other than Earth. More than 75 of these seas and lakes appear in the images of Titan, ranging from 1.8 to 43 miles (3 to 70 kilometers) across. These lakes and seas are not filled with water, but liquid hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane.
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MAY 20, 2006First Vertical Profiles of Earth’s Clouds from OrbitCloudSat

NASA's CloudSat satellite begins revealing never-before-seen 3-D details about clouds as it sends back its first pictures from orbit. Among those first images are a top-to-bottom slice of a warm storm front over the North Sea and clouds over Alaska. CloudSat data allow scientists to peer into the clouds and see their layered complexity, their ice and water composition, and production of rain and snowfall. These measurements improve our understanding of the role clouds play in Earth's complicated climate system. CloudSat provides profiles of clouds during hurricanes and thunderstorms so scientists can learn more about the origin and development of extreme weather events.
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JANUARY 15, 2006First Comet SampleStardust

A landing on a Utah desert marks the delivery to Earth of a sample of cometary material, the prime objective of the Stardust mission. The material is collected in 2004, when the spacecraft makes a close flyby of comet Wild-2 gathering cometary and interstellar dust in a substance called aerogel.
NEAR Mission Completes Main Task, Now Will Go Where No Spacecraft Has Gone Before
NEAR Mission Completes Main Task, Now Will Go Where No Spacecraft Has Gone Before

--------------- Planetary News ---------------

NEAR Mission Completes Main Task, Now Will Go Where No Spacecraft Has Gone Before
January 31, 2001

 NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Shoemaker 
spacecraft, the first to orbit an asteroid, has met all its 
scientific goals in its year of orbiting the asteroid Eros, 
and will now attempt another first: a controlled descent to 
the surface of the asteroid on Feb. 12. 

The chief goal of the controlled descent to the surface is to 
gather close-up pictures of the boulder-strewn surface of 433 
Eros, more than 196 million miles from Earth.

"NEAR Shoemaker has set a high standard for low-cost 
planetary exploration," said Dr. Edward Weiler, Associate 
Administrator for Space Science, NASA Headquarters, 
Washington, DC. "This mission has provided answers to a range 
of fundamental science questions, and it has excited the 
public with its exploration and great images. The team at 
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and its 
many partner institutions are to be congratulated for 
achieving this historic first in space exploration."

During its 5-year, 2-billion-mile journey, the NEAR Shoemaker 
mission, which was built and is managed by The Applied 
Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, MD, provided the most 
detailed profile yet of a small celestial body. It began a 
yearlong orbit of Eros on Feb. 14, 2000, and has collected 10 
times more data than originally planned.

The data include a detailed shape-model culled from more than 
11 million laser pulses; radar and laser data on Eros' weak 
gravity and solid but cracked interior; X-ray, gamma-ray and 
infrared readings on its composition and spectral properties; 
and about 160,000 images covering all of the 21-mile-long 
asteroid's bouldered, cratered, dusty terrain.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Reaching for the Stars Since 1936
It brings the new agency experience in building and flying spacecraft, an extensive background in solid and liquid rocket propulsion systems, guidance, control, systems integration, broad testing capability and expertise in telecommunications. JPL takes on the responsibility of planning and executing lunar and planetary missions, and developing the rocket and upper stages needed to launch spacecraft to the Moon and the planets.

JANUARY 31, 1958America's First SatelliteExplorer 1

With the launch of Sputnik, the first satellite to orbit Earth, on October 4, 1957, by the Soviet Union, Cold War America is eager to send its own satellite into orbit. JPL's work for the U.S. Army makes it possible to develop the flight, ground systems and hardware necessary to fly the first successful U.S. space mission, Explorer 1, a few months later. Even this first spacecraft makes an important scientific discovery: radiation belts around Earth held in place by the planet's magnetic field. These belts are named after James Van Allen, the scientist who designed the main instrument on Explorer 1. This project marks JPL's shift in emphasis from rockets to what sits on top of them.
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SEPTEMBER 20, 1956First Flight of Technology for Returning Warheads from SpaceRe-Entry Test Vehicle Program

JPL embarks on a project with the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency to see if warheads on the top of missiles can be returned safely from space. The ABMA/JPL team conducts three successful suborbital flights. Equipment developed in this program serves as the basis for Explorer 1, the United States' first orbiting satellite, in January 1958. It also lays the groundwork for heatshields to return astronauts to Earth and to help rovers land on Mars.

MAY 22, 1947America's First Guided Ballistic Missile

In mid-1944, JPL embarks on a program called "Corporal," to develop a guided ballistic missile. The first rocket in the program is known as the "WAC Corporal." It is a 16-foot-long (5-meter-long) missile designed for upper atmosphere research and later evolves into the Aerobee sounding rocket, which is used frequently in the 1950s for this scientific purpose.
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Commercial Destinations in Low Earth Orbit - NASA
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Missions - NASA Science
They will work with space-based telescopes – TESS and, soon, the James Webb Space Telescope – to provide details of exoplanet atmospheres, composition and other vital statistics.The WIYN telescope atop Kitt Peak in Arizona.NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory/KPNO/NSF/AURAMissions to comePowerful next-generation instruments will bring us closer to what would be a long-anticipated, profound discovery: a small, rocky, habitable world somewhere in the galaxy with an atmosphere that reminds us of our own.A space-based platform: the Roman telescopeA telescope powerhouse now under development could open new windows of knowledge when it launches, as soon as the mid-2020s. And the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope – formerly known as WFIRST – will have a wide window indeed, about 100 times the field of view of the Hubble Space Telescope.The Roman telescope, named for a NASA pioneer, will probe the depths of dark matter and dark energy – mysterious, mostly unknown phenomena that make up most of the universe – as well as making direct images and other observations of exoplanets as part of a technology demonstration. At the heart of its mission: the star-dense interior of the Milky Way galaxy, where the telescope could find thousands of exoplanets through gravitational microlensing.Next: Get to know some of NASA's exoplanet explorers, from storytellers to scientistsKeep ExploringDiscover More Topics From NASASearch for LifeStarsUniverseBlack HolesReturn to topThe National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.About NASA's MissionJoin UsHomeNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+MissionsHumans in SpaceEarth & ClimateThe Solar SystemThe UniverseScienceAeronauticsTechnologyLearning ResourcesAbout NASANASA en EspañolFollow NASAMore NASA Social AccountsNASA NewslettersSitemapFor MediaPrivacy PolicyFOIANo FEAR ActOffice of the IGBudget & Annual ReportsAgency Financial ReportsContact NASAAccessibilityPage Last Updated:last monthPage Editor:SMD Content EditorsResponsible NASA Official for Science:Dana Bolles
Armstrong Flight Research Center - NASA
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Technology Transfer and Spinoffs
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NASA Selects 2 Missions to Study ‘Lost Habitable’ World of Venus - NASA
The project teams will now work to finalize their requirements, designs, and development plans.
NASA is awarding approximately $500 million per mission for development. Each is expected to launch in the 2028-2030 timeframe.
The selected missions are:
DAVINCI+ (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging)
DAVINCI+ will measure the composition of Venus’ atmosphere to understand how it formed and evolved, as well as determine whether the planet ever had an ocean. The mission consists of a descent sphere that will plunge through the planet’s thick atmosphere, making precise measurements of noble gases and other elements to understand why Venus’ atmosphere is a runaway hothouse compared the Earth’s.
In addition, DAVINCI+ will return the first high resolution pictures of the unique geological features on Venus known as “tesserae,” which may be comparable to Earth’s continents, suggesting that Venus has plate tectonics. This would be the first U.S.-led mission to Venus’ atmosphere since 1978, and the results from DAVINCI+ could reshape our understanding of terrestrial planet formation in our solar system and beyond. James Garvin of Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, is the principal investigator. Goddard provides project management.
VERITAS (Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy)
VERITAS will map Venus’ surface to determine the planet’s geologic history and understand why it developed so differently than Earth. Orbiting Venus with a synthetic aperture radar, VERITAS will chart surface elevations over nearly the entire planet to create 3D reconstructions of topography and confirm whether processes such as plate tectonics and volcanism are still active on Venus.
VERITAS also will map infrared emissions from Venus’ surface to map its rock type, which is largely unknown, and determine whether active volcanoes are releasing water vapor into the atmosphere. Suzanne Smrekar of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, is the principal investigator. JPL provides project management. The German Aerospace Center will provide the infrared mapper with the Italian Space Agency and France’s Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales contributing to the radar and other parts of the mission.