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Total Rainfall
This heating is a major part of Earth's energy budget and climate. 
The rainfall maps show total monthly rainfall in millimeters from NASA’s Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) dataset. High rain totals are represented in dark blue, while small rainfall totals are shown in white.
The most obvious pattern in the total rainfall maps is seasonal change. A band of heavy rain moves north and south of the Equator seasonally. In fact, about two-thirds of all rain falls along or near the equator, and countries in those latitudes often have several months of near-daily rain followed by months of dryness as the rain band moves north and south. The Asian monsoon brings rain to China, Southeast Asia, and India between April and September. From October through May, South America goes through a rainy season, but even parts of the Amazon Rainforest goes a few months each year without significant rain. 
View, download, or analyze more of these data from NASA Earth Observations (NEO):
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Global Warming
After that point, the decadal trend in global surface warming cannot be explained without including the contribution of the greenhouse gases added by humans.
Though people have had the largest impact on our climate since 1950, natural changes to Earth’s climate have also occurred in recent times. For example, two major volcanic eruptions, El Chichon in 1982 and Pinatubo in 1991, pumped sulfur dioxide gas high into the atmosphere. The gas was converted into tiny particles that lingered for more than a year, reflecting sunlight and shading Earth’s surface. Temperatures across the globe dipped for two to three years.

Although Earth’s temperature fluctuates naturally, human influence on climate has eclipsed the magnitude of natural temperature changes over the past 120 years. Natural influences on temperature—El Niño, solar variability, and volcanic aerosols—have varied approximately plus and minus 0.2° C (0.4° F), (averaging to about zero), while human influences have contributed roughly 0.8° C (1° F) of warming since 1889. (Graphs adapted from Lean et al., 2008.)

Although volcanoes are active around the world, and continue to emit carbon dioxide as they did in the past, the amount of carbon dioxide they release is extremely small compared to human emissions. On average, volcanoes emit between 130 and 230 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. By burning fossil fuels, people release in excess of 100 times more, about 26 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere every year (as of 2005). As a result, human activity overshadows any contribution volcanoes may have made to recent global warming.
Changes in the brightness of the Sun can influence the climate from decade to decade, but an increase in solar output falls short as an explanation for recent warming. NASA satellites have been measuring the Sun’s output since 1978. The total energy the Sun radiates varies over an 11-year cycle. During solar maxima, solar energy is approximately 0.1 percent higher on average than it is during solar minima.

The transparent halo known as the solar corona changes between solar maximum (left) and solar minimum (right). (NASA Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope images from the SOHO Data Archive.)

Each cycle exhibits subtle differences in intensity and duration.
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Climate Variability and Change | Terra
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Home › Posts tagged Climate Variability and ChangeTag: Climate Variability and ChangeClimate Variability and Change

Spring Updates from the Terra Team

Posted on April 14, 2023 by Nyssa Rayne 
	Posted in News and Events 

Spring is here — and so are the Terra science team meetings and workshops! Here’s a list of upcoming Team Meetings and Workshops related to the Terra mission, with additional information about each in the post below this list.

2023 MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting
2023 NASA Land-Cover and Land-Use Change (LCLUC) Science Team Meeting
CERES 38th Science Team Meeting 
UCAR Remote Sensing Initiative Workshop
NASA’s Terra, Aqua, and Aura Data Continuity Workshop

2023 MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting
The MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting will be held May 1- 4, 2023 at The Hotel at The University of Maryland. Registration will be available soon. Stay tuned to the MODIS Website for more information as it’s made available. 

2023 NASA Land-Cover and Land-Use Change (LCLUC) Science Team Meeting 
NASA’s Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems (CC&E) focus area will be hosting the next Joint Science Workshop (JSW) on May 8-12, 2023 at The Hotel in College Park, MD.
Climate Variability and Change Focus Area - NASA Science
Climate Variability and Change Focus Area - NASA Science

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Understanding Climate Change
But about half of the most common greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, is consumed by living things.Yet even after decades of study, it's not clear how much carbon dioxide is consumed by plants on land and eventually deposited in the soil -- and how much is taken up by sea life that then dumps our carbon on the seafloor as sediment.Answering this and related questions is vital to understanding how the atmosphere’s concentration of greenhouse gases will change in the future. As the world warms, ecosystems will change along with their ability to consume our emissions. With myriad partners, JPL scientists work hard to understand both emission sources and “sinks,” the final destination of our emissions, in such places as rain forests and peat bogs.Ecosystem Change in the CrosshairsClimate change will transform natural and unnatural ecosystems — agricultural, urban, and suburban. Some of the technologies JPL uses to trace water moving around the world are being used to study ecosystems. Seasonal and longer-term droughts are monitored from space, and so is plant respiration. This information helps us understand plant health and benefits agriculture. 
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 Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet
 
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 . How ‘Glowing’ Plants Could Help Scientists Predict Flash Drought 
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 GRACE-FO
 
 The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-on (GRACE-FO) measures changes in Earth’s gravity field in order to track water movement and surface mass changes across the planet.
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