vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
NASA Selects 2 Missions to Study ‘Lost Habitable’ World of Venus - NASA
NASA Selects 2 Missions to Study ‘Lost Habitable’ World of Venus - NASA

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Juno - Jupiter Missions - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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Juno - NASA Science
The Italian Space Agency provided a plaque depicting astronomer Galileo Galilei and handwritten text copied from his journal. In the January 1610 entry, he described what would later be known as the Galilean moons, Jupiter’s largest satellites – Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Using a telescope he fashioned, Galileo spotted three points of light (and later a fourth) that stayed close to Jupiter, but didn’t move like the other stars. “It is evident that around Jupiter there are three moving stars invisible till this time to everyone,” he wrote. After a week of observation, Galileo realized they were moons – the first discovered beyond Earth. Also secured to the spacecraft, as part of a joint outreach program between NASA and the LEGO Group, Juno carries a set of three LEGO mini-figurines. Crafted in aluminum and shielded under a thermal blanket, they represent Galileo, who is carrying a telescope, the Roman god Jupiter (wielding a lightning bolt), and the goddess Juno, his wife (holding a magnifying glass, ready to investigate). Three LEGO figurines representing the Roman god Jupiter, the goddess Juno (his wife), and astronomer Galileo Galilei are shown here aboard the Juno spacecraft. Cast in aluminum, the tiny travelers are mounted on the probe for its trip to Jupiter.NASA/JPL-Caltech/KSCFAQs and More About the MissionNASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Juno mission for the principal investigator, Scott J. Bolton of Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. Juno is part of NASA’s New Frontiers Program, which is managed at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for the agency’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Lockheed Martin Space in Denver built and operates the spacecraft. Frequently Asked QuestionsQ: What is the Juno mission? A: Juno is a solar-powered spacecraft sent to Jupiter – the first and largest planet in our solar system – to learn how it formed, and by extension how the solar system formed. Q: When was Juno launched and when did it arrive at Jupiter?
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NASA’s Psyche Fires Up Its Sci-Fi-Worthy Thrusters 
 The spacecraft already is beyond the distance of Mars and is using ion propulsion to accelerate toward a metal-rich asteroid, where it will orbit and collect science data.
 . May 22, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. NASA’s Juno Provides High-Definition Views of Europa’s Icy Shell 
 Imagery from the solar-powered spacecraft shows some intriguing features on the ice-encased Jovian moon.
 . May 15, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. NASA Scientists Gear Up for Solar Storms at Mars 
 The Sun will be at peak activity this year, providing a rare opportunity to study how solar storms and radiation could affect future astronauts on the Red Planet.
 . April 29, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. NASA’s Voyager 1 Resumes Sending Engineering Updates to Earth 
 After some inventive sleuthing, the mission team can — for the first time in five months — check the health and status of the most distant human-made object in existence.
 . April 22, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. NASA’s Juno Gives Aerial Views of Mountain, Lava Lake on Io 
 Imagery from the solar-powered spacecraft provides close-ups of intriguing features on the hellish Jovian moon.
 . April 18, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. Media Get Close-Up of NASA’s Jupiter-Bound Europa Clipper 
 Excitement is mounting as the largest spacecraft NASA has ever built for a planetary mission gets readied for an October launch.
 . April 11, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. NASA’s Europa Clipper Survives and Thrives in ‘Outer Space’ on Earth 
 A gantlet of tests prepared the spacecraft for its challenging trip to the Jupiter system, where it will explore the icy moon Europa and its subsurface ocean.
 . March 27, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. NASA Unveils Design for Message Heading to Jupiter’s Moon Europa
Learning Space With NASA at Home – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
If the activity is math-based, you can find the answers on our website, sometimes on the lesson guides. Also, keep in mind that you don’t need to have all the answers. Having kids explore and learn on their own is empowering to them and teaches them they are capable!

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Cruising to Jupiter: A Powerful Math Lesson - Teachable Moments | NASA/JPL Edu
Grade 6: Expressions and Equations A.2.C - "Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. Include 
expressions that arise from formulas used in real-world problems. 
Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole-number 
exponents, in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to 
specify a particular order (Order of Operations)."
Grade 8: Expressions and Equations A.1 - "Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions. For example, 32 × 3-5 = 3-3 = 1/33 = 1/27."

Explore More!

Juno mission website - News, resources and updates on NASA's mission to Jupiter. 
Eyes on the Solar System: Juno - Take a virtual journey to Jupiter with Juno.
To Jupiter with JunoCam! - Find out how classrooms can participate in the Juno mission to Jupiter using the spacecraft's on-board educational camera.
Infographic: Solar Power Explorers - This graphic shows how NASA’s Juno mission to Jupiter became the most distant solar-powered explorer and influenced the future of space exploration powered by the sun.

TAGS: Juno, Jupiter, Exponents, Math, Lesson, Activity, Teachable Moment

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Lyle Tavernier, Educational Technology Specialist, NASA-JPL Education Office

Lyle Tavernier is an educational technology specialist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. When he’s not busy working in the areas of distance learning and instructional technology, you might find him running with his dog, cooking or planning his next trip.

 

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Uranus - NASA Science
Instead, the planet was eventually named for Uranus, the Greek god of the sky, who was also the father of Kronos (or Saturn in Roman mythology).Only one spacecraft has explored the ice giant up close, NASA's Voyager 2. In January 1986, Voyager 2 made a close approach to Uranus, snapping images of the planet and some its moons. A new mission to Uranus was one of the highest priority objectives outlined in the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032. The possibility of a flagship mission to Uranus will be a focus of planetary science at NASA in the years to come.Unable to render the provided sourceEyes on the Solar System lets you explore the planets, their moons, asteroids, comets and the spacecraft exploring them from 1950 to 2050. Pop CultureUranus is the source of more than a few jokes, and witty – or not so witty – puns. The ice giant also has been a destination for fictional stories, and on TV shows such as "Doctor Who."
What Powers a Spacecraft? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Radioisotope systems produce power for a very long time, even in harsh environments. In fact, NASA's two Voyager spacecraft use this type of power. They have traveled farther than any other human-made object and are still sending back information after more than 40 years in space!

An image of one of NASA's two Voyager spacecraft. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

 	article last updated October 24, 2019
 

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Juno - NASA Science

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Documentary Series: JPL and the Space Age
For more than two decades now NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory has continuously explored the Red Planet with an array of orbiters, landers, and rovers. What laid the groundwork for this unparalleled record of exploration? This 90 minute documentary describes the challenges of JPL’s first attempts to send spacecraft to the Red Planet.For much of human history Mars was no more than a tiny reddish dot in the sky. But in 1965 the first spacecraft ever to visit Mars, JPL’s Mariner 4, began to change our understanding of the planet with its grainy black and white images of Mars. The data from Mariner 4 and for those that followed were full of confusing data for the scientists to understand.The Changing Face of Mars, reveals through archival footage and interviews with key scientists and engineers, JPL's first roles in exploring the Red Planet, from Mariner 4, through the 1976 arrival of the Viking orbiters and landers.View episode ›Episode 5: The Stuff of DreamsIn 1977 the greatest adventure in space exploration began with the launch of the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft – two robotic explorers designed and built to be able to manage – and explore – by themselves, in the deep reaches of our solar system. Yet both missions went seriously wrong only moments after taking flight. Both spacecraft recovered and went on to make astounding and unexpected discoveries. Voyager 1 has the distinction of being the first spacecraft to reach interstellar space – the space between the stars.The Voyagers were the creations of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where a brash young scientist had just been put in charge. His ambition was to take the next steps in exploring the solar system. Instead, he found himself struggling for JPL’s very survival in the midst of financial cutbacks at the very same time of the Voyagers' triumphs of discoveries at Jupiter and Saturn.Most of all, The Stuff of Dreams, is a tale of perseverance by people and machines struggling against forces put in their way.View episode ›Episode 6: The Footsteps of VoyagerNASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory would be among the first to demonstrate that NASA’s new space shuttle could be used to conduct science experiments about our own planet from the vantage of space. But for missions destined for targets beyond Earth orbit the shuttle posed new engineering challenges.
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) - Robotic Space Exploration
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) - Robotic Space Exploration

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NASA’s Juno Provides High-Definition Views of Europa’s Icy Shell - NASA
Juno is part of NASA’s New Frontiers Program, which is managed at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for the agency’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Italian Space Agency (ASI) funded the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper. Lockheed Martin Space in Denver built and operates the spacecraft.
More information about Juno is available at:
https://www.nasa.gov/juno
News Media Contacts
DC AgleJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.818-393-9011agle@jpl.nasa.gov
Karen Fox / Charles BlueNASA Headquarters, Washington301-286-6284 / 202-802-5345karen.c.fox@nasa.gov / charles.e.blue@nasa.gov
Deb SchmidSouthwest Research Institute, San Antonio210-522-2254dschmid@swri.org
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 Skip to main content Missions Search All NASA MissionsA to Z List of MissionsUpcoming Launches and LandingsSpaceships and RocketsCommunicating with MissionsArtemisJames Webb Space TelescopeHubble Space TelescopeInternational Space StationOSIRIS-RExHumans in Space Why Go to SpaceAstronautsCommercial SpaceDestinationsSpaceships and RocketsLiving in SpaceEarth &amp; Climate Explore Earth ScienceClimate ChangeEarth, Our PlanetEarth Science in ActionEarth MultimediaEarth DataEarth Science ResearchersAbout NASA NASA's ImpactsCenters and FacilitiesDirectoratesOrganizationsPeople of NASACareersInternshipsOur HistoryDoing Business with NASAGet InvolvedContactLearning Resources For Kids and StudentsFor EducatorsFor Colleges and UniversitiesFor ProfessionalsScience for EveryoneSpace Samples for LearningRequest an Exhibit or SpeakerSTEM Engagement at NASAAeronautics Science in the AirNASA AircraftFlight InnovationSupersonic FlightAir Traffic SolutionsGreen Aviation TechDrones & YouTechnology Technology Transfer & SpinoffsSpace Travel TechnologyTechnology
History
Rangers 7, 8, and 9, launched in 1964 and 1965, took photos of the Moon as they descended toward intentional impacts. In 1966 through 1968, Surveyors 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 made soft landings on the Moon. Ranger 6 under construction, September 24, 1963. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech During that same period and through the early 1970s, JPL carried out Mariner missions to Mercury, Venus and Mars. Mariner 2 became the first spacecraft to fly by another planet and return data following its launch to Venus on Aug. 27, 1962. JPL's Mariner 4 was the first successful mission to Mars, returning a handful of shocking images after a short 1965 flyby showing a cratered, Moon-like surface. JPL Director William Pickering with a model of the Mariner 4 spacecraft, circa 1965. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech In 1971, Mariner 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet, imaging almost the entire surface of Mars. Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to use a "gravity-assist" boost from one planet to send it on to another — a key innovation in spaceflight that would later enable the exploration of outer planets that would otherwise have been unreachable. Mariner 10's launch in November 1973 delivered the spacecraft to Venus in February 1974, where a gravity-assist swingby allowed it to fly by Mercury in March and September that year. Mariner 10 encounter drawing. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech JPL and NASA's Langley Research Center collaborated on the Viking mission to Mars, which landed biological experiments in 1976. JPL built the Mariner-derived orbiters, conducted mission communications and navigation and eventually assumed responsibility for management of the mission. Viking Lander integration. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech The farthestPerhaps JPL's grandest mission is Voyager, which visited all four of the solar system's gas giants. Launched in 1977, the twin Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by the planets Jupiter (1979) and Saturn (1980–81). Voyager 2 then went on to an encounter with the planet Uranus in 1986 and a flyby of Neptune in 1989.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Reaching for the Stars Since 1936
Flying just 437 miles (703 kilometers) above the planet, Mariner 10 goes on to perform two more encounters of Mercury that enable it to map half the globe. It also reveals a surprising magnetic field and a metallic core comprising about 80 percent of Mercury's mass. Mariner 10 was also the first interplanetary spacecraft to use a "gravity assist" maneuver in February 1974 where it used the gravity of Venus to bend its flight path toward Mercury.
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FEBRUARY 5, 1974First Multi-Planet MissionMariner 10

Mariner 10 becomes the first spacecraft to conduct multiple planet flybys as it executes encounters of Venus (2/5/74) and three passes by Mercury (3/29/74, 9/21/74 and 3/16/75). This is the first demonstration of the technique of “gravity assist,” using the gravitational pull of the target planet to bend and shape the spacecraft's flight path. At Venus, Mariner 10 produces the first clear pictures of the Venusian chevron clouds and performs other atmospheric studies.
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NOVEMBER 14, 1971First Planetary OrbiterMariner 9

Mariner 9's arrival at Mars makes it the first spacecraft to orbit another planet, narrowly beating the Soviet Union's Mars 2, which reaches the Red Planet two weeks later. Mariner 9 is also the first spacecraft to make close observations of Mars' two moons, Phobos and Deimos. While in orbit, Mariner 9 maps 85 percent of the Martian surface, and collects valuable information about Mars' surface and atmosphere. Of the more than 7,000 images it transmits, some of the most significant are the first detailed views of the solar system's largest volcano and a canyon system that dwarfs the Grand Canyon.
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JUNE 2, 1966First U.S. Soft Landing on the MoonSurveyor 1

The first of the Surveyor missions designed to make soft landings on the Moon, Surveyor 1 provides information about Earth's natural satellite that will be critical for the Apollo crewed missions. Surveyor 1 sends home 11,240 high-resolution television pictures, as well as data on the Moon's bearing strength, temperatures and radar reflectivity.