vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Increasing Transparency of County Office of Education Spending 
The cumulative number of students served in court schools throughout the year is much higher, as students often attend these schools for short periods of time while they await trial—a few days to a few weeks in many cases. For example, in 2022‑23, roughly 2,200 students were enrolled across all juvenile court schools on census day (the first Wednesday of October) compared with roughly 12,400 students cumulatively enrolled throughout the school year (about five and a half times census day enrollment).
COEs Also Typically Operate County Community Schools. State law designates COEs as a provider of education for students who are on probation, referred by a probation department, or mandatorily expelled from their school district. (State law requires students to be expelled if they commit certain violent or drug‑related offenses.) COEs receive direct funding for these students, who typically are served at COE‑run county community schools, or at charter schools authorized by the COE. (In cases where COEs do not operate county community schools, students receive another placement, such as a district‑run program.) The state also allows COEs to enroll other students in their county community schools. For these other students, COEs must develop local agreements under which the students’ home districts reimburse them for associated education costs. Preliminary data from 2023‑24 shows that 51 COEs operate 74 county community schools serving an average of 19,964 students per day statewide. Like juvenile court schools, the cumulative enrollment of students at these schools is higher. COEs receive direct funding for 6,993 of these students and receive funding for 7,115 students through local agreements negotiated with school districts. The remaining 5,856 students attend charter schools for which COEs do not receive direct funding. The size of the community school student population varies significantly by COE, with about half of COEs that operate county community schools averaging less than 65 students attending per day and the largest COE serving an average of 6,007 students per day.
Oversight and Support 
State Law Requires COEs to Provide Fiscal Oversight of School Districts. The second column of Figure 1 shows all the services COEs are required to provide to school districts within their jurisdictions.
Increasing Transparency of County Office of Education Spending 
Chapter 32 of 2018 (AB 1808, Committee on Budget) established a system of support for school districts and charter schools identified for “differentiated assistance.” School districts and COEs are identified for differentiated assistance based on the performance of their student subgroups. Under current practice, a district or COE enters differentiated assistance if they have at least one student group that has received the lowest performance level in two or more priority areas. (We describe state priority areas in more detail later in this report). In 2023, 466 school districts and COEs and 203 charter schools were identified for differentiated assistance. For each of the districts and charter schools within its county identified for differentiated assistance, the COE is to take at least one of four actions: (1) assist the school district in identifying its strengths, weaknesses, and student groups that are low performing or experiencing disparities from other student groups; (2) secure an academic, programmatic, or fiscal expert; (3) ask for assistance from the California Collaborative for Educational Excellence; or (4) identify the strengths and weaknesses in a school district’s LCAP. (Identified COEs receive assistance from either CDE, a consortium of COEs, or another COE.) 
COEs Historically Have Fulfilled Other Functions Voluntarily. As the next two columns of Figure 1 show, many current COE activities are not required by state law. Virtually all COEs provide one or more optional services to school districts. Optional services commonly include staff training, data support, and legal and business support. Exactly what optional services COEs provide varies across the state and is highly dependent on services needed within the county. For example, some COEs serving many small school districts cover basic business services (such as payroll and procurement) for districts in the county. For the districts that receive these services, the COE is providing an essential function. Many COEs also historically have applied for various state grants to provide direct student instruction to students that reside in the county. Most commonly, COEs have provided career technical education, child care and preschool programs, migrant education programs, and adult education. These programs tend to be offered regionally to students attending schools within the county. 
COEs Vary Greatly in Terms of the Number of School Districts They Serve.
Nutrition - Learning Support (CA Dept of Education)
The California Department of Education (CDE) Nutrition Services Division (NSD) is committed to a well-nourished and educated California. We support and protect access to nutritious meals for children in California to grow, learn, and thrive.
Our Child Nutrition Programs (CNP) offer meals and snacks in schools, parks, and other community agencies.
 Each instructional day, California’s six million public school children have access to a nutritious breakfast and lunch as well as meals during the summer. Together, more than 630 million meals and snacks at over 22,000 sites were served through the course of the year.

Program News | Meal Programs | Education, Training, and Professional Development | Program Resources | Program Operator Feedback | Latest Tweets
Program News

Nutrition What's New
News and announcements relating to disasters, recalls, policy requirements, management bulletins, trainings, funding opportunities, recognition, and other topics for program operators of the CNPs.

Meal Programs

School Nutrition Programs
 Information about meal, snack, and milk programs offered at public and private nonprofit schools and residential child care institutions. The 
School Nutrition Programs include the National School Lunch Program, School Breakfast Program, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program, Special Milk Program, Seamless Summer Option and State Meal Program.

Food Distribution Program
 Information about the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Foods, Department of Defense Fresh Program, distribution centers, and processing of USDA Foods.

Summer Food Service Programs
 Federal meal programs for children from low-income areas during vacation and off-track periods.

After School 
 Provides after school program operators with background information, a comparison chart of available programs, meal pattern charts, directions on how to apply, claiming instructions, policy guidance, resources, and more. 

Meal Programs–CalEdFacts page
 Summary of meal programs offered in California.

Education, Training, and Professional Development

Food Service Staff Education and Training
 Helpful information for new School Nutrition Program (SNP) professionals and includes an overview of the School Nutrition and Summer Nutrition Programs, recommended online trainings, key resources, and program contact information.

Course Catalog
 A catalog of online courses for program operators participating in the CNPs.

Resource Library
Teachable Moments – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Student Activity
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Learning Space With NASA at Home
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March 6, 2020
We've Got the Formula for a Stellar Pi Day
Read about the science behind this year's installment of the popular math problem set before doing the math to see how NASA uses pi.

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Pi in the Sky 7
Subject Math
Grades 7-12
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Pi in the Sky Lessons
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Grades 4-12
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18 Ways NASA Uses Pi
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Type List
Subject Pi

Pi in the Sky Challenge
Student Activity
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Subject Pi

How Many Decimals of Pi Do We Really Need?
Feature
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Pi Day – What's Going 'Round?
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January 23, 2020
Revealing the Hidden Universe
As NASA says goodbye to its Spitzer Space Telescope, we take a look back at the observatory's more than 16 years of stellar discoveries.

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Using Light to Study Planets
Subject Science
Grades 6-11
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November 7, 2019
The Transit of Mercury
Learn how transits have helped scientists of the past and present study space, plus get resources to engage students in transit science.

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Exploring Exoplanets with Kepler
Subject Science
Grades 6-12
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Sun Screen: A 'Pi in the Sky' Math Challenge
Subject Math
Grades 6-9
Time < 30 mins

Solar Sleuth: A 'Pi in the Sky' Math Challenge
Subject Math
Grades 6-9
Time < 30 mins

Can You Spot Mercury?
Student Activity
Type Slideshow
Subject Science

Oh, the Places We Go: 18 Ways NASA Uses Pi
Student Activity
Type List
Subject Math

October 18, 2019
Teachable Moments – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Learn about the role that dust plays in Earth's climate, why scientists are interested in studying dust from space, and how to engage students.

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Ocean World: Earth Globe Toss Game
Subject Science
Grades K-6
Time Less than 30 mins

Modeling the Water Budget
Subject Science
Grades 5-8
Time 30-60 mins

Graphing Global Temperature Trends
Subject Math
Grades 5-12
Time 1-2 hrs

Using Light to Study Planets
Subject Science
Grades 6-11
Time More than 2 hrs

Cloud Computing: A 'Pi in the Sky' Math Challenge
Subject Math
Grades 6-12
Time Less than 30 mins

Collection: Earth Science Lessons for Educators
Subject Varies
Grades Varies
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The Types of Clouds and What They Mean
Subject Science
Grades K-3
Time 30-60 mins

Make a Cloud in a Bottle
Subject Science
Grades 4-12
Time Less than 30 mins

Video Series: NASA's Earth Minute
Subject Science
Grades 2-12
Time Less than 30 mins

The Change of Seasons: Views from Space
Subject Science
Grades 2-12
Time Less than 30 mins

Collection: Earth Science Activities for Students
Subject Varies
Grades Varies
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March 10, 2022
Pi Goes to Infinity and Beyond
Learn about pi and some of the ways the number is used at NASA. Then, dig into the science behind the Pi Day Challenge.

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Explore Lessons and Activities

Pi in the Sky 9
Subject Math
Grades 6-12
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Pi in the Sky Lessons
Subject Math
Grades 4-12
Time Varies

18 Ways NASA Uses Pi
Student Activity
Type List
Subject Pi

Pi in the Sky Challenge
Student Activity
Type Slideshow
Subject Pi

How Many Decimals of Pi Do We Really Need?
Feature
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Data & Research | Food and Nutrition Service
The Child Nutrition Program Operations Study was designed to collect data from States and participating SF As through annual telephone surveys during School Years (SY) 1988-89, 1989-90, and 1990-91 and through on-site visits during SY 1989-90 and 1991-92, with specific information needs for each data collection effort defined by FNS staff.

01/01/1993

Page updated: May 01, 2024

 

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Astronaut Exercise - NASA
Installed in 2008, ARED uses a piston and flywheel system to provide loading that essentially mimics weightlifting in weightlessness. A current investigation from ESA (European Space Agency), ARED Kinematics analyzes the effect of this type of exercise on the body in microgravity to help determine optimal workout programs before, during, and after spaceflight. Results have shown that preflight exercise training improves an individual’s performance while on the space station just as pre-season training helps athletes in later competition.1
From 2001 to 2011, crew members used the Interim Resistive Exercise Device (IRED), which could be configured for at least 18 different exercises using both upper and lower body muscles with up to 300 pounds of resistive force. A retrospective evaluation showed some correlation between preflight strength and postflight changes, and analysis suggested that a resistance device that provides higher loads and improved exercise prescriptions could provide greater benefits.2

JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Satoshi Furukawa pedals on the upgraded CEVIS system.
NASA

CEVIS, installed in 2001 and upgraded in 2023, uses friction and resistance and is computer-controlled to maintain an accurate workload. The system displays parameters such as cycling speed, heart rate, elapsed time, and exercise prescription details. A study using the data collected by CEVIS concluded that up to 17% of astronauts could experience loss of muscle performance, bone health, and cardiorespiratory fitness if future missions continue to use current exercise countermeasures. The researchers note that this highlights the need to further refine current regimens, add other interventions, or enhance conditioning preflight.3

NASA astronauts Jack Fischer and Peggy Whitson prepare for a session of the Sprint study.
NASA

Appropriate equipment is important, but so is the way it is used. Early exercise regimens included running on a treadmill at low velocity and conducting resistance exercise at low loads for long periods of time. Despite spending up to 10 hours per week exercising, astronauts continued to lose muscle mass and bone density. Growing evidence showed that high-intensity, low-volume exercise was more effective at maintaining fitness on Earth.
Cadet Selection Process
This is vital because injuries are among the most common reasons that cadets fail to complete the program.
To ensure the least amount of potential injury and greatest amount of success, cadets will be required to complete a workout log once accepted to the academy. A sample workout program will be provided at that time.  If you are not prepared, it will show, and you will likely have great difficulty succeeding. Do not put the additional stress on yourself that is unneeded.
Suggested elements of an exercise program include:

Aerobic Conditioning: 3-5 days per week, 20-60 minutes each day, continuous jogging on most days each week.
Muscular Strength/Endurance: 2-3 days per week, one set of 8-10 exercises including upper body, core, and legs, 8-20 repetitions per set.
Grip / Wrist / Forearm Exercises: Exercises with hand grips and stress balls will help to build and condition your hand, wrist, and forearm strength. This type of strength is critical for effective handgun and other weapon use, as well as tactical and rescue requirements of the job.
Flexibility / Static Stretching: at least 2-3 days per week, preferably 5-7 days, 8-12 stretches each day, hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds and repeat each 2-4 times.

Work to achieve continuous participation at the above-described levels that lasts for six months without injury. If your exercise program does not meet these specifications, then you should consider taking a body conditioning, weight training, or jogging class as needed. If you are not prepared, it will show, and you will likely have great difficulty succeeding. Do not put the additional stress on yourself that is unneeded.

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State Agencies
California Environmental Education Interagency NetworkThe California Environmental Education Interagency Network (CEEIN) is a state government consortium of environmental educators representing departments, boards and commissions of various state agencies.  The CEEIN partnership provides a forum for its members to share resources, programs and materials with California's public schools and students in grades kindergarten through university.California Department of Education-Office of Environmental EducationThe Office of Environmental Education provides grants and resources to encourage community partnerships to select, support, and develop sustainable educational projects and programs.California Regional Environmental Education CommunityThe California Regional Environmental Education Community (CREEC) Network is an educational project whose mission is To develop a communication network which provides educators with access to High Quality environmental education resources to enhance the environmental literacy of California Students.
Accounts and Training - GLOBE.gov
From the menu, select "My Page." You can set up student accounts directly from this page. 

Learn more about creating student accounts.

 

What can my students do with their accounts and how can I monitor them?

Student accounts allow your students to enter data and participate in forums. You will automatically be "friends" with your students, so any forum post that they write will show up on your "My Page" collaboration tab as a "Friend Activity." Student posts will always say they were posted by "Student of [Teacher Name].'" Do not give students your account log-in details, as it may allow them to make greater changes or interact more than you intended.

 

How can I submit a student report to GLOBE to have it featured on GLOBE.gov?

You can upload reports on the Student Research Reports page.

 

What do I do if I see something posted that is inappropriate?

All forums have a "Flag as Inappropriate" feature that you can select. You may also email any concerns to globehelp@ucar.edu.

 

How do I change my email or other personal information?

When logged in, click on your profile image in the top-right corner of the browser window and select "Account Settings." This account area lets you change your email, your password and other information related to your GLOBE Account.

 

Can I add friends to my account if they also have a GLOBE Account?

To add friends, you can visit their profile page and select "Add Friend." If they approve your friend request, they will show up as a friend on the “Collaboration” tab of your My Page.

 
 

Training

 

Why am I unable to enter data?

On the GLOBE website:
First, make sure you are logged in to the GLOBE website. Additionally, you must have completed training in GLOBE's protocols before you are allowed to enter data. In order to verify that GLOBE has records of your completed training, and that you are able to enter data,

click on the "Enter Data" button on the right side of the Homepage. On the "Data Entry" page, you will either be able to enter data, or you will see a message that indicates that you are required to complete a training.
An Individualized Low-Intensity Walking Clinic Leads to Improvement in Frailty Characteristics in Older Veterans - PubMed
Improvements from baseline to follow-up were observed in average steps/day, gait speed, TUG, and BMI. Improvement in gait speed (1.13 ±0.20 vs. 1.24 ± 0.23 meter/second, p<0.0001) resulted in reduced odds of meeting frailty criteria for slow gait at follow-up compared to the baseline examination (odds ratio = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.72, p = 0.01).
 

 Conclusions:
 
 
 Our findings demonstrate that a short duration, low-intensity walking intervention improves gait speed and TUG. This new clinical model may be useful for the promotion of physical activity, and for the prevention or amelioration of frailty characteristics in older adults.
 

 Keywords:
 
 
 Frailty; gait speed; physical activity.
 

PubMed Disclaimer

 Conflict of interest statement
 

There are no conflicts of interest

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