vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
California’s Child Welfare System: Addressing Disproportionalities and Disparities
In addition, according to the county’s CPP, a dozen community‑based organizations have been identified across the county that already offer various Title IV‑E eligible prevention services. Some other counties’ CPPs indicate they have more limited current programs and capacity. Differences across counties also result from 2011 realignment, which allows counties broad flexibilities in how they implement child welfare programs. 
State Currently Working to Develop “Community Pathway” Guidance. As part of the state’s federally approved plan for implementing FFPSA prevention services, counties will be able to offer a community pathway for families to access prevention services. A community pathway refers to a new federal option allowing local child welfare agencies to contract with community organizations, such as Family Resource Centers, to assess families for needed services and deliver those services while providing oversight and ensuring child safety. That is, a community pathway will allow counties to provide Title IV‑E eligible prevention services to families without significant child welfare system involvement (although federal rules still require the child welfare agency to determine candidacy for federal funding eligibility purposes). Many details of community pathway implementation are yet to be determined. DSS plans to establish a community pathway advisory committee and will work with counties and stakeholders to develop full implementation guidance, oversight and accountability mechanisms, and other details around the community pathway. As with other elements of FFPSA implementation, ultimately, individual counties and tribes will decide whether and how to implement a community pathway option locally. Of the agencies that have opted into prevention services under FFPSA, roughly half indicated in their CPPs that they intend to implement a community pathway. 
Some Counties Offer Local “Culturally Relevant” Prevention Programs to Directly Target Overrepresented Families and Communities. Research suggests that culturally relevant programs and services—that is, programs and services that are designed and tailored specifically for communities and families with shared backgrounds and common experiences (such as Black or Native American communities), and that are led by members of those communities—are effective because families are able to engage more meaningfully and avoid cultural misinterpretation, thereby leading to more successful child welfare outcomes. We provide some examples of such programs currently offered in some counties in the box below. 

Examples of Culturally Relevant and Community‑Led Prevention Programs
California’s Child Welfare System: Addressing Disproportionalities and Disparities
Black and Native American children are significantly overrepresented in California’s child welfare system relative to their shares of California’s child population. Moreover, these children and their families tend to have worse child welfare outcomes, such as longer time spent in out‑of‑home care and higher likelihood of termination of parental rights. In addition, most families involved with the child welfare system are experiencing poverty or otherwise facing significant economic hardship. These demographic and outcome trends have persisted for many years. Understanding which California communities and families are impacted at disproportionate rates—and the possible reasons why—can help the Legislature consider which policy interventions may be most effective at addressing these disproportionalities and disparities.
Drivers of Disproportionalities Are Complex. The causes of the disproportionalities and disparities across California’s child welfare system are complex and nuanced, reflecting challenges and risk factors that certain groups are more likely to experience. Research finds that the presence of risk factors can create stressors and result in conditions wherein maltreatment is more likely to occur. Importantly, however, the presence of risk factors alone does not mean maltreatment will occur, and families also may benefit from the presence of protective factors. How to differentiate between families in need of supports to address risk factors, as opposed to families who require child welfare system‑level intervention, is an inherent challenge for decision makers across the child welfare system. This report describes some broader, high‑level social and economic factors—beyond the child welfare system itself—that may contribute to why certain racial/ethnic groups are disproportionately represented in the child welfare system today. In particular, we focus on poverty and correlated risk factors, which certain groups are more likely to experience as a result of historical polices and other factors. We also examine certain groups’ disproportionate exposure to mandated reporters, as well as the role that implicit bias may play in reporting and decision‑making. 
Front‑End Policy Areas Impacting Child Welfare System Involvement. In identifying policy levers that can help address disproportionalities and disparities, this report focuses on decision‑making and policies at the “front‑end” of the system.
Prior Reforms - criminal_justice_prior_reforms
Early Impacts of Proposition 47 on the Courts
California superior courts received more than 200,000 petitions for resentencing or applications for reclassification during the first 13 months after voters approved Proposition 47. A report prepared by Judicial Council staff, highlights the impacts of the ballot measure on the courts during the first year of implementation. 
For more information: Data Dashboards: Trends in Felony Court Case Processing
Reclassification of Theft and Drug Possession Offenses
Theft Offenses
Proposition 47 created new misdemeanors and reclassified several felony theft offenses as misdemeanors. The new misdemeanor provisions do not apply to persons with one or more prior convictions for offenses under Penal Code section 667(e)(2)(C)(iv) or for sex offenses that require registration under Penal Code section 290(c). The new provisions include: 

Shoplifting. The proposition added Penal Code section 459.5 to create a new misdemeanor offense called "shoplifting," punishable by up to 6 months in county jail. Shoplifting would be defined as "entering a commercial establishment with intent to commit larceny while that establishment is open during regular business hours" where the value of the property does not exceed $950. Any other entry into a commercial establishment with intent to commit larceny is burglary. Any act of shoplifting as defined above must be charged as shoplifting. No person charged with shoplifting may also be charged with burglary or theft of the same property. 
Forgery. Before Proposition 47, forgery under Penal Code section 473 was a wobbler offense. Proposition 47 reclassified forgery of specified instruments involving $950 or less as exclusively a misdemeanor. The misdemeanor provision is not applicable to any person convicted both of forgery and identity theft under Penal Code section 530.5. 
Insufficient Funds. Before Proposition 47, a violation of Penal Code section 476a was a wobbler offense, except that the offense was strictly a misdemeanor if the total underlying amount did not exceed $450, unless the person was previously convicted of one of several specified theft offenses.
Prior Reforms - criminal_justice_prior_reforms
Before Proposition 47, a violation of Penal Code section 496 was a wobbler offense, except that if the value of the property did not exceed $950, the district attorney or grand jury could specify the offense as exclusively a misdemeanor “in the interests of justice.” Proposition 4 7 rendered all violations of section 496 that do not exceed $950 as strictly misdemeanors, eliminating prosecutorial discretion to charge those offenses as felonies. 
Petty Theft with a Prior. For most defendants, Proposition 47 eliminated the offense of petty theft with a prior under Penal Code section 666 by narrowing the category of persons subject to punishment under that section to only include persons required to register under the Sex Offender Registration Act, persons with prior violent or serious felony convictions under section 667.5(e)(2)(C)(iv), and persons convicted of Penal Code section 368(d) or (e) [specified theft crimes involving elder or dependent adults]. 

Drug Possession Offenses 
Proposition 47 also reclassified drug possession offenses under Health and Safety Code sections 11350, 11357(a) [concentrated cannabis], and 11377 as strictly misdemeanors punishable by up to one year in county jail. As with the theft offenses, these new misdemeanor provisions do not apply to persons with one or more prior convictions for offenses specified under Penal Code section 667(e)(2)(C)(iv) or for a sex offense that requires registration under Penal Code section 290(c). 
Resentencing 
Eligibility 
Proposition 47 added Penal Code section 1170.18 to authorize persons currently serving sentences for felony convictions that are now misdemeanors under the proposition to petition courts for recalls of sentences and to request resentencing under the new laws (Pen. Code § 1170.18(a).), except that persons with one or more prior convictions for offenses listed under section 667(e)(2)(C)(iv) or for a sex offense that requires registration under section 290(c) are not eligible for resentencing. (Pen. Code, § 1170. l 8(i).)   
Petitions
Self-Help Glossary - selfhelp
earnings withholding order: Court order delivered ("served") by a levying officer or registered process server that directs a judgment debtor’s employer to withhold the earnings of the judgment debtor for the purpose of wage garnishment.
electronic funds transfer (EFT): Electronic movement of funds from 1 bank account to another.
electronic surveillance: Use of an electronic device to keep an eye on where a sentenced person is in the community and to restrict his or her activities, instead of putting the person in jail. (See also home detention.)
emancipation: A legal way for children to become adults before they're 18. Once a child is emancipated, his or her parents don't have custody or control of him or her anymore. Learn more about emancipation.
eminent domain: The right of the state to take private property for public use after giving fair compensation to the owner.
employer’s return: Form returned to a levying officer by an employer that states whether the judgment debtor still works there and when the debtor is paid, and corrects any wrong information about the debtor or employer for the purpose of wage garnishment.
en banc: Court sessions where all the judges of a court participate, instead of the usual number. For example, the U.S. circuit courts of appeals usually use panels of 3 judges, but all the judges in the court may decide certain matters together. When that happens, they are sitting "en banc" (sometimes spelled "in banc"). It comes from French and means "on the bench."
endorse: To sign your name on a document to authorize its contents or transfer (as in a check that is endorsed to transfer money).
endorsed-filed copies: Copies of court papers that are stamped in the top right corner to show when they were filed. Compare with certified copy.
enforce: To take legal steps to make sure someone complies with a judgment.
enjoin: To order or require; to order that something be stopped.
equitable: (1) Describes civil suits in "equity" instead of in "law." In the legal history of England, courts of "law" could order only the payment of damages.
Criminal | Superior Court of California | County of Tulare
Judge decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty.
If not guilty, the defendant is released and cannot be tried again for the same crime.
If guilty, the defendant is sentenced to prison, felony probation, and/or other conditions. ? Appeal: If the defendant disagrees with the decision, he/she can appeal to the District Court of Appeal.

Contact Information
Tulare County Superior Court,
Criminal Division
221 South Mooney Blvd, Room 124
Visalia, CA 93291
Phone: 559-730-5000

 

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Prior Reforms - criminal_justice_prior_reforms
Proposition 47 added Penal Code section 1170.18 to authorize persons currently serving sentences for felony convictions that are now misdemeanors under the proposition to petition courts for recalls of sentences and to request resentencing under the new laws (Pen. Code § 1170.18(a).), except that persons with one or more prior convictions for offenses listed under section 667(e)(2)(C)(iv) or for a sex offense that requires registration under section 290(c) are not eligible for resentencing. (Pen. Code, § 1170. l 8(i).)   
Petitions 
Petitions for resentencing must have been filed by November 4, 2022, “or at a later date upon a showing of good cause.” (Pen. Code § 1170.18(j).) Petitions must be filed with the trial court that entered the original judgment unless that judge is unavailable, in which case the presiding judge must designate another judge to rule on the petition. (Pen. Code, § 1170.18(a), (1).)   
Resentencing Considerations 
If the court determines that the petitioner is eligible for resentencing, the court must recall the sentence and resentence the petitioner under the new misdemeanor provisions “unless the court, in its discretion, determines that resentencing the petitioner would pose an unreasonable risk of danger to public safety.” (Pen. Code, § 1170. l18(b).) 
 
The phrase “unreasonable risk of danger to public safety” is defined narrowly as an unreasonable risk that the petitioner will commit a new violent felony within the meaning of section 667(e)(2)(C)(iv). (Pen. Code, § 11l70.18(c).) 
 
Persons who are resentenced must be given credit for time served and are subject to a period of parole for one year under section 3000.08 “unless the court, in its discretion, as part of its resentencing order, releases the person from parole.” (Pen.
Clemency | Governor of California
The Governor’s Office encourages crime victims, survivors, and next-of-kin who seek information about clemency to contact the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s Office of Victim and Survivor Rights and Services (OVSRS) or call 1-877-256-6877 (toll free). Victims, survivors, and next-of-kin can register with OVSRS to receive support as well as updates about an incarcerated person’s status, and changes to a sentence and notice of parole hearings.
Read the Governor’s reports on clemency

2023 Executive Report on Pardons, Commutations of Sentence, and Reprieves (PDF)
2022 Executive Report on Pardons, Commutations of Sentence, and Reprieves (PDF)
2021 Executive Report on Pardons, Commutations of Sentence, and Reprieves (PDF)
2020 Executive Report on Pardons, Commutations of Sentence, and Reprieves (PDF)
2019 Executive Report on Pardons, Commutations of Sentence, and Reprieves (PDF)

For clemency reports issued by past administrations, please visit California Agency Reports (Agency: Governor) or California State Archives.
Apply for clemency
Clemency can take the form of a commutation of sentence or a pardon.

Commutation of sentence: The Governor can reduce the sentence of an individual serving a sentence in a California prison. For the commutation application form and additional information, see Commutations.
Pardon: A pardon provides relief from punishment and restores some civic rights for individuals who have been convicted of crimes in California and have completed their sentences. For the pardon application form and additional information, see Pardons.

The Governor is not required to consider an application and there is no set timeline for review. There is no court hearing and no application fee. You may apply for clemency without a lawyer. The Judicial Council of California provides clemency self-help information and the California State Bar offers referrals for no- and low-cost legal services.
The Board of Parole Hearings provides additional information about the clemency process. Attorneys may contact the Office of the State Public Defender for technical assistance on parole and clemency matters.

 

 
 
 
 

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Bill Text - SB-421 Sex offenders: registration: criminal offender record information systems.
following:(i) An offense for which the offender successfully completed probation, provided that the offender submits to the department a certified copy of a probation report, presentencing report, report prepared pursuant to Section 288.1, or other official court document that clearly demonstrates that the offender was the victim’s parent, stepparent, sibling, or grandparent and that the crime did not involve either oral copulation or penetration of the vagina or rectum of either the victim or the offender by the penis of the other or by any foreign object.(ii) An offense for which the offender is on probation at the time of his or her application, provided that the offender submits to the department a certified copy of a probation report, presentencing report, report prepared pursuant to Section 288.1, or other official court document that clearly demonstrates that the offender
	was the victim’s parent, stepparent, sibling, or grandparent and that the crime did not involve either oral copulation or penetration of the vagina or rectum of either the victim or the offender by the penis of the other or by any foreign object.(B) If, subsequent to his or her application, the offender commits a violation of probation resulting in his or her incarceration in county jail or state prison, his or her exclusion, or application for exclusion, from the Internet Web site shall be terminated.(C) For the purposes of this paragraph, “successfully completed probation” means that during the period of probation the offender neither received additional county jail or state prison time for a violation of probation nor was convicted of another offense resulting in a sentence to county jail or state prison.(3) If
	the department determines that a person who was granted an exclusion under a former version of this subdivision would not qualify for an exclusion under the current version of this subdivision, the department shall rescind the exclusion, make a reasonable effort to provide notification to the person that the exclusion has been rescinded, and, no sooner than 30 days after notification is attempted, make information about the offender available to the public on the Internet Web site as provided in this section.
Restraining Order (DV-109, DV-100, DV-110) | California Courts | Self Help Guide
If you disagree with any of the orders, you must go to your court date to tell the judge why you do not agree.  
If you have a child with the other side, the judge may make orders that limit your time with your child. 
You may have other forms that were given to you, like form DV-105 and DV-140. These papers are for custody and parenting time. If you do not agree with what the other side is asking related to your child, make sure to go to your court date.
Click to learn more about how domestic violence affects child custody.

Has the judge made any temporary orders against me?
 Temporary Restraining Order (form DV-110)
This form tells you if the judge made temporary orders against you. Look through it carefully and follow all the orders. If you violate any of the orders you could be arrested, go to jail or be charged with a crime. If you own any guns or ammunition, see below under "Do I need to complete any papers?" for what you need to do to comply with the judge's orders.

Do I need to complete any papers?
 If there's a Temporary Restraining Order, you need to turn in a form saying what you did with your guns and firearms
If there is a temporary restraining order against you (see form DV-110), then you must turn in, sell, or store any firearms and ammunition you have or own. Learn more about how to comply with firearm orders.

If you do not comply, you could be arrested and charged with a state or federal crime.
 

If the other side asked for financial support, you need to give information about your finances
If the other side asked for child support, spousal support, lawyer's fees, or for you to pay debts, you need to complete a form called an Income and Expense Declaration (form FL-150). This form asks how much money you earn and what your expenses are. Complete this form and attach proof of your income (like paystubs) from the past two months to the form. 

Do not attach or include sensitive information, like your social security number on your court papers.
2001 Budget Analysis:Department of Child Support Services
2001 Budget Analysis:Department of Child Support Services

Legislative Analyst's Office
Analysis of the 2001-02 Budget Bill


Department of Child Support Services (5175)

The Department of Child Support Services (DCSS), created on January 1, 2000, administers California's child support program by overseeing 58 county child
support offices. The primary purpose of the program is to collect from absent parents, support payments for custodial parents and their children. Local child
support offices provide services such as locating absent parents; establishing paternity; obtaining, enforcing, and modifying child support orders; and collecting
and distributing payments. The 2001-02 Governor's Budget proposes expenditures totaling $1.1 billion from all funds for support of DCSS in the budget year.
This is an increase of $157 million, or 17 percent, over estimated current-year expenditures. The budget proposes $487 million from the General Fund for
2001-02, which is an increase of $79 million, or 21 percent, compared to 2000-01. Most of this increase is attributable to a higher federal automation penalty
and lower federal incentive payments.
Total Automation Penalties Could Reach $1 Billion 
Since 1998, California has been subject to penalties for failing to implement a statewide child support automation system. The penalties, estimated to be
$114 million in 2000-01 and $163 million in 2001-02, are levied in the form of a reduced federal share of child support administrative expenditures. The
penalties are expected to continue through 2004-05, potentially reaching a total of $1 billion since 1998. 
The federal government usually pays two-thirds of a state's total child support administrative expenditures. However, pursuant to the Child Support
Performance and Incentive Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-200), California has been subject to federal automation penalties which are levied in the form of a
reduced federal share in these administrative costs. Chapter 479, Statutes of 1999 (AB 150, Aroner) provides that the distribution of penalties between the state
and counties be determined through the annual budget process. Chapter 479 also provides that the state General Fund could be used to backfill for the loss of