vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Collection - Earth from Afar
Orion Views Earth from Afar
Fifty years after Apollo 17 astronauts photographed the iconic “blue marble” image, cameras in space have again captured distant views of our home planet.
Published Dec 7, 2022
 

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Life

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Looking Around the Neighborhood
Two spacecraft designed to study the Sun also got some recent peeks at Earth and other planets.
Published Jan 29, 2021
 

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Remote Sensing

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A GOLDen Look at the Ionosphere
Satellites are shedding new light on the invisible processes and rhythms at play at the intersection between Earth and space.
Published Dec 26, 2019
 

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Atmosphere
Remote Sensing

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An Eagle Takes Off for Home
When the Apollo 11 astronauts left the surface of the Moon on July 21, 1969, they brought home samples of solar wind particles, lunar rocks and dirt, and a big helping of perspective.
Published Jul 20, 2019
 

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Human Presence

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All of You on the Good Earth
These iconic photos are not new, but their message never gets old.
Published Dec 24, 2018
 

Image of the Day
Life
Human Presence

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Looking Back Across a Sea of Black
A spacecraft looked homeward while making its way to the asteroid Bennu.
Published Nov 22, 2018
 

Image of the Day
Remote Sensing

Image

A Cubic View of Earth
The MarCO-B CubeSat snapped its first photo on May 9, 2018, and caught a glance of home.
Published May 28, 2018
 

Image of the Day
Remote Sensing

Image

Right Here, Right Now
OSIRIS-REx took a look back at home while making its way toward the asteroid Bennu.
Published Dec 31, 2017
 

Image of the Day
Remote Sensing

Image

Cassini’s Final View of Home
As the spacecraft headed into its last days, it sent back this image of Earth framed by Saturn’s rings.
Published Apr 29, 2017
 

Image of the Day
Remote Sensing

Image

The Solar Ring of Fire
Earth-observing satellites follow the shadow of an annular eclipse.
Real World: Using Math and New Tech to Study Lunar Rocks | Real World | NASA eClips
NASA's Johnson Space Center Astromaterials 3D. K-5, 6-8, 9-12 

 NASA's Johnson Space Center Rocks, Soils, and Surfaces. K-5, 6-8, 9-12 

 NISE Exploring the Solar System: Asteroid Mining. K-5, 6-8, 9-12 

Mathematics 

 NASA Space Math Problem 261: LRO Searching for Lunar Boulders. 

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 Real World, Using Math and New Tech to Study Lunar Rocks, secondary, science, technology, mathematics, education, video, NASA, eClips, NIA, Earth, Space, Moon, solar system, Ryan Zeigler, Lunar Sample Curator, NASA's Johnson Space Center, Apollo Missions, rock, soil, igneous, sedimentary, surface soil, deep soil, deep deep soil, regolith, soil on Earth, worms, water, chemical breakdown, density, mass, volume, Andrea Mosie, Apollo Senior Sample Processor, nitrogen-filled cabinets, International Organization for Standardization, ISO 7, ISO 6, cleanroom classification scale, CT Scanning, Computer Tomography, clast, piece of rock, Subject Matter Experts 

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NASA
We are in a new age where nations globally go to space to both explore deeper and gain better understanding about our place in the universe.”</p>

<p>During workshop, participants from 24 countries engaged in robust discussions and conducted a tabletop exercise centered on further defining and implementing key tenets, including considering views on non-interference, interoperability, and scientific data sharing among nations.</p>

<p>“The Artemis Accords are an important part of humanity’s future in space and Canada is very much committed to these principles. As we explore beyond Earth, we must do so in ways that are safe and sustainable, for the benefit of humanity and future generations. It was an honour to welcome brilliant minds from around the world to discuss how to conduct present and future space exploration activities safely, sustainably, and transparently through the application of the Artemis Accords,” said Campbell.</p>

<p>For example, during the workshop participants delved more deeply into topics such as non-interference and interoperability. These discussions build upon prior work such as an initial set of mission data parameters agreed to by the signatories last October. The data parameters identify necessary information about planned lunar surface missions including expected launch dates, the general nature of activities, and the landing location.</p>

<p>Sharing such information will support safer lunar operations by ensuring signatories respective missions do not inadvertently interfere with each other. Transparency and communication are keys to peaceful exploration, and the Artemis Accords signatories are committed to sharing information about their activities and outcomes through the United Nations of Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) and other appropriate channels.</p>

<p>The commitments undertaken under the Artemis Accords, and the significant efforts by the signatories to advance implementation of these principles, are essential to the success of the Artemis campaign for NASA and its partners, as well as for the success of the safe and sustainable exploration activities of the other Accords signatories.</p>

<p>As the Artemis Accords workshop concluded May 23, participants reaffirmed their commitment to upholding the principles outlined in the Artemis Accords and to continue working collaboratively. The first workshop was hosted by Poland in 2023.
Real World: Using Math and New Tech to Study Lunar Rocks | Real World | NASA eClips
Real World: Using Math and New Tech to Study Lunar Rocks | Real World | NASA eClips

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How Far Away Is the Moon? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
How Far Away Is the Moon? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

moon-distance

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How Far Away Is the Moon?

The Short Answer:

	The Moon is an average of 238,855 miles away from Earth, which is about 30 Earths away.
	

You might be surprised.
Often when we see drawings of the Earth and the Moon, they look really close together.

Don’t be fooled! They’re actually really far apart. The Moon is an average of 238,855 miles (384,400 km) away. How far away is that? That’s 30 Earths.

Average distance?
Why mention the average distance? Well, the Moon is not always the same distance away from Earth. The orbit is not a perfect circle.When the Moon is the farthest away, it’s 252,088 miles away. That’s almost 32 Earths. When it's closest, the Moon is 225,623 miles away. That’s between 28 and 29 Earths.

So far apart!

The Moon definitely seems close because we can see it so well without a telescope,

but remember, it’s farther away than most people realize!

Related Resources for Educators

Distance to the Moon (Educator Guide)
Launchpad: Moon Magic

 	article last updated July 23, 2021
 

How far apart?
To see for yourself how far apart Earth and the moon are, try this:
Materials

Basketball
Tennis ball
Measuring tape

*If Earth was the size of a basketball, the moon would be the size of a tennis ball. This can give you an idea of how they compare.

Directions

Place the basketball on the ground. This represents Earth. 

Use the measuring tape to find a spot 23 feet 9 inches away from the middle of the basketball. Place the tennis ball there. The tennis ball is the moon. 

Are the basketball Earth and tennis ball moon farther apart than you expected?
How Far Away Is the Moon? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
*If Earth was the size of a basketball, the moon would be the size of a tennis ball. This can give you an idea of how they compare.

Directions

Place the basketball on the ground. This represents Earth. 

Use the measuring tape to find a spot 23 feet 9 inches away from the middle of the basketball. Place the tennis ball there. The tennis ball is the moon. 

Are the basketball Earth and tennis ball moon farther apart than you expected? Take a picture and show your friends and family how far apart the moon and Earth really are.

Extra!
Use nearby objects to remember how far 23 feet 9 inches is from the basketball. Ask others to place the tennis ball where they think the moon is.They will be very surprised when you show them how far away it needs to be!

If you liked this, you may like:

What Are the Moon’s Phases?

Lunar Eclipses and Solar Eclipses

How Is the Sun Completely Blocked in an Eclipse?

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How far apart?
To see for yourself how far apart Earth and the moon are, try this:
Materials

Basketball
Tennis ball
Measuring tape

*If Earth was the size of a basketball, the moon would be the size of a tennis ball. This can give you an idea of how they compare.

Directions

Place the basketball on the ground. This represents Earth. 

Use the measuring tape to find a spot 23 feet 9 inches away from the middle of the basketball. Place the tennis ball there. The tennis ball is the moon. 

Are the basketball Earth and tennis ball moon farther apart than you expected?
Casey Honniball: Finding Her Space in Lunar Science - NASA
You are so cut off from civilization. You have only the people who are there, although, I was there during Antarctica’s summer when McMurdo had many people. You are in a completely barren landscape that is so magnificently beautiful.
In 2018, I deployed an instrument I built to the Kīlauea Lava Lake on the Big Island of Hawaii. This is a National Park with thousands of visitors yearly. The lava lake was active at the time. We could see lava spewing out at different vent locations in the lake. It was very exciting and kind of scary. We had special permits allowing us into restricted areas closer to the lake. We were told not to get any closer to the cliff edge of the lake than our height so that if we tripped, we would not fall into the active lava.
I’d love to do field work in Iceland. Iceland is a great location for planetary field analog research as it has a similar landscape and geologic context to the Moon and Mars.

Casey conducts field work at volcanic sites to investigate how astronauts can utilize instruments during moonwalks.
Courtesy of Casey Honniball 

What outreach do you do that inspires others with dyslexia?
I like to talk to elementary through high school students about life as a scientist and how I got to where I am. I like to tell my story about learning to manage dyslexia to hopefully inspire others.
What do you do for fun?
I am a deep-sea scuba certified diver. I mainly dove in Hawaii because I was living there. I also enjoy working out, hiking, baking sourdough bread, and being with my family.
Where do you see yourself in five years?
I hope to be supporting Artemis science operations on the surface of Moon and continuing to studying the Moon’s surface remotely and conducting research through field deployments.
What is your “six-word memoir”? A six-word memoir describes something in just six words.
Fear is a state of mind.

NASA’s SOFIA Discovers Water on Sunlit Surface of Moon
Tides
After all, Earth has 80 times the Moon’s mass. Well, just as the Moon’s pull slightly distorts Earth’s sphere, Earth’s gravity slightly deforms the Moon. It’s not as dramatic as the ocean tides ― think of it as the difference between trying to squish a balloon filled with water and a balloon filled with sand ― but these tides on the Moon are measurable using lasers, and in some cases their effects are visible. Young cliffs on the Moon, called lobate scarps, form due to the combined forces of the Moon contracting as its hot interior cools and Earth’s gravity pulling on the surface. The contraction causes the Moon’s crust to buckle, pushed together and upwards to form the cliffs, but scientists examining these cracks have observed that their positions are related to the pull of Earth’s gravity.Thousands of young, lobate scarps have been revealed in Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images. Lobate scarps like the one shown here are like stair-steps in the landscape formed when the Moon’s crust is squeezed together, breaks, and is pushed upward to create a cliff. Cooling of the still-hot lunar interior is causing the Moon to shrink, but the pattern of orientations of the scarps indicate that Earth’s gravitational pull contributes to the formation of these cracks.NASA/LRO/Arizona State University/Smithsonian InstitutionThe video displays a small complex of lobate scarps, part of a string of similar scarps that stretches across the lunar farside craters d'Alembert and Slipher.In fact, Earth’s gravitational pull on the Moon has to be accounted for in the work of astronomers who bounce lasers off either the Moon’s bare surface or special reflectors positioned on the Moon’s surface to make extremely precise measurements.
What Is a Meteor Shower? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Lyrids
 Perseids
 Orionids
 Leonids
 Geminids

December/January
 April
 August
 October
 November
 December

For more information, visit the NASA Solar System Exploration meteor and meteorite page.


 	article last updated July 25, 2018
 

Have a shooting star party!

 
Bring blankets, a sleeping bag, and a thermos of something warm to drink. Hot chocolate, perhaps? 
Lie down and get warm and cozy. Let your eyes relax and try not to look at any particular spot. This way, your eyes will be more likely to notice any movement and you will see more meteors this way.
Most importantly, be patient! If you are lucky, you might see a meteor as often as every few minutes. You may not see one that often. The quality of the "show" depends on the specific meteor shower, the time you are observing, the conditions of the sky, the phase of the moon, and other things.

If you liked this, you may like:

Asteroid or Meteor: What's the Difference?

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What Is a Barycenter?

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Have a shooting star party!

 
Bring blankets, a sleeping bag, and a thermos of something warm to drink. Hot chocolate, perhaps? 
Lie down and get warm and cozy. Let your eyes relax and try not to look at any particular spot. This way, your eyes will be more likely to notice any movement and you will see more meteors this way.
Most importantly, be patient! If you are lucky, you might see a meteor as often as every few minutes. You may not see one that often.
Dr. Yasushi Yamaguchi | Terra
He was a visiting scientist at Stanford University, USA, from 1984 to
1986. He served as the Dean of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies at
Nagoya University from 2009 to 2011, and as president of the Remote Sensing
Society of Japan from 2012 to 2014.
His research is focused on remote sensing using data from
ASTER and other optical sensor images for geological mapping, terrestrial
vegetation monitoring, and heat balance analysis in urban centers. In addition,
he uses data from a lunar radar sounder on-board the Kaguya lunar probe, to
analyze the subsurface structure of the moon.

 

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How Scary Is Space? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Out there, the dead satellite won’t burn up, but it will at least stay out of the way of active, working satellites.
Learn all about what happens to spacecraft when they die

Still not scared off?
Go on a Haunted Hayride with our friends at NASA Solar System Exploration!
Listen to the story here

Image credit: Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona CC BY-SA 3.0

1 of 1

 	article last updated July 9, 2021
 

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Glossary

What Is a Barycenter?

Make Oreo Moon Phases!

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Reaching for the Stars Since 1936
› visit website for more info

JUNE 2, 1966First U.S. Soft Landing on the MoonSurveyor 1

The first of the Surveyor missions designed to make soft landings on the Moon, Surveyor 1 provides information about Earth's natural satellite that will be critical for the Apollo crewed missions. Surveyor 1 sends home 11,240 high-resolution television pictures, as well as data on the Moon's bearing strength, temperatures and radar reflectivity. The soft landing is achieved using a retrorocket and a bank of three thrusters that slow the lander's speed from almost 6,000 miles per hour to just 3 miles per hour.
› visit website for more info

JULY 15, 1965First Mars FlybyMariner 4

After an eight-month voyage, Mariner 4 performs the first flyby of Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to take close-up photographs of another planet. The images show lunar-type impact craters, some of them touched with frost in the chill Martian evening – a disappointment to many who had hoped for a more habitable-looking environment on the Red Planet. A television camera takes 22 pictures, and radio science data provides key information about how to safely deliver future missions to the Martian surface. After passing Mars, Mariner 4 lasted about three years in solar orbit, continuing long-term studies of the solar wind and making coordinated measurements with the Mariner 5 spacecraft.
› visit website for more info

JULY 28, 1964First U.S. Mission to the MoonRanger 7

The Ranger 7 lunar probe is the first unqualified success in the United States' early quest to explore the Moon, and heralds a new era of exploration that sees dramatically more mission successes than failures. Designed chiefly to take high-resolution photographs of the Moon as it descends to make an intentional crash-landing, Ranger 7 approaches the Moon precisely on target and captures more than 4,300 images as it drops toward a region later named Mare Cognitum. Ranger 7 returns images of the Moon from distances as close as 2,110 km – vastly closer than pictures from any previous Soviet or U.S. spacecraft.
› visit website for more info

DECEMBER 24, 1963First Network for Deep Space CommunicationDeep Space Network
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TechnologyHomeTechnologyRoboticsMission and ImpactExplore TechnologyTechnology Transfer and SpinoffsSpace TravelLiving in SpaceManufacturing and MaterialsRoboticsScience InstrumentsComputingSpace CommunicationsNewsGallery 

Robotics
NASA uses robotic systems to explore other planets and objects in our solar system as precursors to crewed missions, assist astronauts on the International Space Station, study the universe, and much more. This also includes autonomous systems that enable robotics, spacecraft and aircraft to operate in a dynamic environment independent of external control. 

Quick Facts

Our Cooperative Autonomous Distributed Robotic Exploration (CADRE) project is developing a network of shoe-box-sized mobile robots that could enable future autonomous robotic exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond. 

 

NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter has completed 51 flights since first taking to the Martian skies on April 19, 2021. The helicopter flies on its own, without human control. It must take off, fly, and land, with minimal commands from Earth sent in advance. 

 

Mission and Impact
NASA seeks to improve our ability to access and travel through space; land more mass in more locations throughout the solar system; live and work in deep space and on planetary bodies; build next generation air vehicles, and transform the ability to observe the universe and answer profound questions in earth and space sciences.

	Learn More about Mission and Impact

 

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Article4 Min ReadNASA Selects Commercial Service Studies to Enable Mars Robotic ScienceArticle5 Min ReadNASA’s Network of Small Moon-Bound Rovers Is Ready to RollArticle4 Min ReadMira cómo la NASA construye su primer vehículo lunar robóticoArticle3 Min ReadWatch NASA Build Its First Robotic Moon Rover 

 

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