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Juno - NASA Science
On Earth, lightning bolts originate from water clouds, and happen most frequently near the equator, while on Jupiter lightning likely also occurs in clouds containing an ammonia-water solution, and can be seen most often near the poles. In the coming months, Juno's orbits will repeatedly take it close to Jupiter as the spacecraft passes over the giant planet's night side, which will provide even more opportunities for Juno's suite of science instruments to catch lightning in the act. Juno captured this view as Juno completed its 31st close flyby of Jupiter on Dec. 30, 2020. In 2022, Citizen scientist Kevin M. Gill processed the image from raw data from the JunoCam instrument aboard the spacecraft. At the time the raw image was taken, Juno was about 19,900 miles (32,000 kilometers) above Jupiter's cloud tops, at a latitude of about 78 degrees as it approached the planet. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA25020See Jupiter's Great Red Spot as you've never seen it before in this new Jovian work of art. Artist Mik Petter created this unique, digital artwork using data from the JunoCam imager on NASA's Juno spacecraft. The art form, known as fractals, uses mathematical formulas to create art with an infinite variety of form, detail, color and light. The tumultuous atmospheric zones in and around the Great Red Spot are highlighted by the author's use of colorful fractals. Vibrant colors of various tints and hues, combined with the almost organic-seeming shapes, make this image seem to be a colorized and crowded petri dish of microorganisms, or a close-up view of microscopic and wildly-painted seashells. The original JunoCam image was taken on July 10, 2017 at 7:10 p.m. PDT (10:10 p.m. EDT), as the Juno spacecraft performed its seventh close flyby of Jupiter. The spacecraft captured the image from about 8,648 miles (13,917 kilometers) above the tops of the clouds of the planet at a latitude of -32.6 degrees.
Discovery Alert: a Long Year for a 'Cold Saturn' – Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System
The largest and most complex space telescope ever built, Webb will be able to gather light that has been traveling for 13.5 billion years, almost since the beginning of the universe. In effect, Webb is a time machine, allowing us to peer at the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang. Because it gathers infrared light, it will see right through the giant clouds of dust that block the view of most other telescopes. Webb will be 100 times more powerful than the Hubble Space Telescope. Most notably, with its 21-foot-wide (6.5-meter-wide) set of segmented mirrors unfolded, Webb is powerful enough to search for water vapor in the atmospheres of planets orbiting other stars.

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The scientists again ran through the list of possible orbits if there were two additional, outer planets that fit the expected chain of resonances across the whole system. The best fit they found: a fifth planet with a 41-day orbit, and a sixth just shy of 55.
At this point the science team almost hit a dead end. The slice of the TESS observations that had any chance of confirming the predicted orbits of the two outer planets had been set aside during processing. Excessive light scattered through the observation field by Earth and the Moon seemed to make them unusable. But not so fast. Scientist Joseph Twicken, of the SETI Institute and of the NASA Ames Research Center, took notice of the scattered light problem. He knew that scientist David Rapetti, also of Ames and of the Universities Space Research Association, happened to be working on a new computer code to recover transit data thought to be lost because of scattered light. At Twicken’s suggestion, Rapetti applied his new code to the TESS data. He found two transits for the outer planets – exactly where the science team led by Luque had predicted.
The discoverers: An international team of researchers led by Rafael Luque, of the University of Chicago, published a paper online on the discovery, “A resonant sextuplet of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright star HD 110067,” in the journal Nature on Nov. 29.

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Cruising to Jupiter: A Powerful Math Lesson - Teachable Moments | NASA/JPL Edu
Previous missions that visited Jupiter, like Galileo, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, couldn’t use solar power and instead used radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) to supply power. 
Advances in solar panel efficiency along with improvements in the way spacecraft and their instruments use power have recently made solar power a viable option for spacecraft heading as far as Jupiter – though going beyond will require further technological advances.
Engineers designed Juno with three massive solar panels, each nearly 30 feet long. Combined, they provide Juno with 49.7 m2 of active solar cells. Once it reaches Jupiter, Juno will generate more than 400 watts of power, which may not sound like a lot, but it’s an impressive feat at so great a distance. For comparison, Juno’s solar panels can generate about 14 kilowatts near Earth. 
Technicians stow for launch a solar array on NASA's Juno spacecraft. Each of Juno's three solar arrays is 9 feet (2.7 meters wide), by 29 feet (8.9 meters long). Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/KSC
Teach It
Juno's record-setting achievement translates into a powerful lesson in exponents. 
> Get the problem set! 
Middle school students and other students working with exponents will find challenging, real-world applications related to the work being done here at NASA while addressing four Common Core Math standards:

Grade 6: Expressions and Equations A.1 - "Write and evaluate numerical expressions involving whole-number exponents."
Grade 6: Expressions and Equations A.2 - "Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers."
Grade 6: Expressions and Equations A.2.C - "Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. Include 
expressions that arise from formulas used in real-world problems. 
Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole-number 
exponents, in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to 
specify a particular order (Order of Operations)."
Grade 8: Expressions and Equations A.1 - "Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions.
Views of a Distant Earth
Cassini image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute. MESSENGER image courtesy NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington. Caption by Holli Riebeek.

On July 19, 2013, NASA spacecraft got not one but two rare and unique views of Earth from opposite ends of the solar system.
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References & Resources

EarthSky (2013, July 23) Earth seen from Saturn July 19, 2013. Accessed July 23, 2013.
NASA (2013, July 18) NASA interplanetary probes to take pictures of Earth from space. Accessed July 23, 2013.
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2013, July 22) NASA releases images of Earth taken by distant spacecraft. Accessed July 23, 2013.
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (2013, July 22) Looking back at us. Accessed July 23, 2013.

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Juno - NASA Science
But it appears to be slowly shrinking, from twice Earth’s size in 1979 to 1.3 times now. Juno plumbed the depths of this signature cyclone, showing that its roots run 200 miles (320 kilometers) deep — 50 to 100 times as deep as Earth’s oceans. Since April 2022, Juno has been observing the volcano-covered moon Io. and has sent back images that appear to show fresh lava fields, in areas last seen in visible-light images during Galileo and New Horizon flybys (in 1999 and 2007).  The closest images of Io came from Juno’s passes in December 2023 and February 2024, but the monitoring will continue through the current end of the extended mission, scheduled in September 2025. Juno has spent years tracking the Great Blue Spot. Not to be confused with Jupiter’s iconic red storm, the Blue Spot is an invisible, localized, intense magnetic field on Jupiter’s equator. The spacecraft showed that the Blue Spot appears to be drifting eastward, pushed by winds measured at the surface; at its current course and speed, the spot could circumnavigate the planet in 350 years.  Every 53 days we go screaming by Jupiter, get doused by a fire hose of Jovian science, and there is always something new.scott boltonJuno's principal investigator, Southwest Research Institute in San AntonioEnd of MissionThe Juno team originally expected the craft would make 33 orbits – enough passes to compile a full map of the planet – completing its science objectives by October 2017. They would then steer it into the planet, to burn up in the atmosphere.   In spite of all the mission team’s precautions while building and launching Juno, microbes from Earth could still have hitched a ride on the spacecraft, lying dormant, awaiting a new home. The self-destruct maneuver would have satisfied NASA’s planetary protection requirements, avoiding any chance Juno could crash into the Jovian moons Europa, Ganymede, or Callisto – ocean worlds, with Europa in particular considered a prime candidate in the search for life beyond Earth – and contaminate them with microscopic life from Earth.  The Cassini mission, orbiting Saturn from 2004 to 2017, prompted similar concerns – protecting the integrity of Saturn’s moons Enceladus and Titan, also believed to contain possibly habitable environments.
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The Big Questions - NASA Science
That’s called direct imaging, and only a handful of exoplanets have been found this way (and these tend to be young gas giant planets orbiting very far from their stars).Most exoplanets are found through indirect methods: measuring the dimming of a star that happens to have a planet pass in front of it, or monitoring the spectrum of a star for the tell-tale signs of a planet pulling on its star and causing its light to subtly Doppler shift. NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope finds thousands of planets by observing “transits,” the slight dimming of light from a star when its tiny planet passes between it and our telescopes. Other methods include gravitational lensing, the “wobble method,” and direct imaging.Will a person ever go to an exoplanet?Not anytime soon, given the enormous distances between the stars and the time it would take to travel between them with our current technology. Perhaps one day a robot will visit an exoplanet like the rovers on Mars. But that day too is still very far in the future. First, we have to learn how to travel much faster and further in space than we’ve ever gone before. Keeping humans alive to complete such a long journey is probably the biggest challenge. Today, NASA is concentrating on the steps to get humans to Mars, which is our next-door neighbor. In the meantime, you can “stand” on an illustration of an exoplanet surface with our virtual reality.Will we ever take real images of exoplanets?Yes! In recent years, NASA has taken images, called direct imaging, of exoplanets that are light-years away. In the images, the planets sometimes look like faint spots next to blotted out regions (where the bright light of the planet's star has been subtracted). Examples of imaged planets orbit the bright stars Fomalhaut, HR 8799, and Beta Pictoris. The James Webb Space Telescope and upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will image more exoplanets around nearby stars.