vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
NASA invita a hispanohablantes a enviar sus nombres en Europa Clipper – NASA's Europa Clipper
La campaña "Mensaje en una botella”, lanzada en junio, se inspira en la larga tradición de la NASA de enviar mensajes inspiradores en las naves espaciales que han explorado nuestro sistema solar y más allá.
"El nuevo sitio web en español de 'Mensaje en una botella' ayudará a la NASA a compartir la oportunidad de formar parte del viaje de Europa Clipper con aún más gente del mundo entero", dijo Nicola Fox, administradora asociada de la Dirección de Misiones Científicas de la NASA en Washington. " El hecho de garantizar que nuestros recursos sean accesibles para cualquiera que desee aprender más y participar en este increíble viaje para descubrir mundos habitables más allá de nuestro planeta es un importante paso adelante para hacer que el espacio sea realmente para todos”.
El sitio web en español también permite a los participantes crear y descargar un recuerdo personalizable (una ilustración de cada nombre en un mensaje en una botella, con texto en este idioma y con una imagen de fondo de Europa y Júpiter) para conmemorar la experiencia. Se anima a los participantes a compartir su entusiasmo en las redes sociales utilizando el hashtag #SendYourName (envía tu nombre).
Europa Clipper está siendo ensamblada, en el Laboratorio de Propulsión a Chorro (JPL, por sus siglas en inglés) de la NASA.
Europa's Stunning Surface – NASA's Europa Clipper
The images have been corrected for light scattered outside of the image, to provide a color correction that is calibrated by wavelength. Gaps in the images have been filled with simulated color based on the color of nearby surface areas with similar terrain types.
This global color view consists of images acquired by the Galileo Solid-State Imaging (SSI) experiment on the spacecraft's first and fourteenth orbits through the Jupiter system, in 1995 and 1998, respectively. Image scale is 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) per pixel. North on Europa is at right.
The Galileo mission was managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.
Additional information about Galileo and its discoveries is available on the Galileo mission home page at:
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/galileo/ 
More information about Europa is available at:
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/europa

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One of the Europa Clipper magnetometer's three fluxgate sensors, which will measure the strength and orientation of Europa's magnetic fields.

Magnetometer Fluxgate Assembly

Thermal imager bolted to frame.

Thermal Imager

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Dust Analyzer Ion Detector

This color composite view combines violet, green, and infrared images of Jupiter's intriguing moon, Europa, for a view of the moon in natural color (left) and in enhanced color designed to bring ou...

Europa Global Views in Natural and Enhanced Colors

U.S. Poet Laureate Ada Limón is writing an original poem dedicated to NASA’s Europa Clipper mission.

Poem by U.S. Poet Laureate Ada Limón Will Ride to Europa on NASA Spacecraft
Table Salt Compound Spotted on Europa - NASA Science
This region of geologic chaos is the area researchers identified an abundance of sodium chloride. - Full image and captionNASA/JPL/University of ArizonaA familiar ingredient has been hiding in plain sight on the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa. Using a visible-light spectral analysis, planetary scientists at Caltech and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, have discovered that the yellow color visible on portions of the surface of Europa is actually sodium chloride, a compound known on Earth as table salt, which is also the principal component of sea salt.The discovery suggests that the salty subsurface ocean of Europa may chemically resemble Earth's oceans more than previously thought, challenging decades of supposition about the composition of those waters. The finding was published by Science Advances on June 12.Flybys from NASA's Voyager and Galileo spacecraft have led scientists to conclude that Europa is covered by a layer of salty liquid water encased in an icy shell. Galileo carried an infrared spectrometer, an instrument scientists use to examine the composition of a surface they're studying. Galileo's spectrometer found water ice and a substance that appeared to be magnesium sulfate salts (like Epsom salts). Since the icy shell is geologically young and features abundant evidence of past geologic activity, it was suspected that whatever salts exist on the surface may derive from the ocean below."People have traditionally assumed that all of the interesting spectroscopy is in the infrared on planetary surfaces, because that's where most of the molecules that scientists are looking for have their fundamental features," said Mike Brown, the Richard and Barbara Rosenberg Professor of Planetary Astronomy at Caltech and coauthor of the Science Advances paper.In a laboratory simulating conditions on Jupiter's moon Europa at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, plain white table salt (sodium chloride) turned yellow (visible in a small well at the center of this photograph). The color is significant because scientists can now deduce that the yellow color previously observed on portions of the surface of Europa is actually sodium chloride. The JPL lab experiments matched temperature, pressure and electron radiation conditions at Europa's surface. - Full image and captionNASA/JPL-Caltech"No one has taken visible-wavelength spectra of Europa before that had this sort of spatial and spectral resolution.
Solar System Exploration at JPL
The Voyagers are now in interstellar space—the space between the stars. And in case they ever encounter other beings, both spacecraft carry instructions for playing an onboard “Golden Record” of human greetings, sounds, music, and images.Salty Surprises in the Solar SystemIt seems there’s a surprise around every corner in the solar system. The thrill and benefits of discovering these delights are unlimited — except by vast travel distances, technology, resources, and the hostile conditions of space. That’s why we maximize discoveries from each mission to strategize where to go next.For example, the Galileo mission found evidence of an ocean under the surface of Jupiter’s icy moon Europa in the 1990s. Then in 2005, another JPL-managed mission, Cassini, spotted jets of water vapor spewing from Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus. Scientists determined that it, too, could also have a subsurface ocean. Because of these revelations, icy worlds became a prime candidate for further exploration as possible hosts for some form of life. A future mission in the works, Europa Clipper, will get a closeup look at that promising Jovian destination. And researchers are now also looking at the possibility that other locales, including asteroids and comets, could have ice and maybe even liquid water. 
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 NASA’s Europa Clipper Makes Cross-Country Flight to Florida
 
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 . Make a Moon Phases Calendar and Calculator QUIZZES . Space Trivia News 
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 . NASA’s Europa Clipper Makes Cross-Country Flight to Florida News 
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 . NASA’s Psyche Fires Up Its Sci-Fi-Worthy Thrusters News 
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 . NASA’s Juno Provides High-Definition Views of Europa’s Icy Shell Image 
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News
April 11, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. NASA’s Europa Clipper Survives and Thrives in ‘Outer Space’ on Earth 
 A gantlet of tests prepared the spacecraft for its challenging trip to the Jupiter system, where it will explore the icy moon Europa and its subsurface ocean.
 . March 27, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. NASA Unveils Design for Message Heading to Jupiter’s Moon Europa 
 When it launches in October, the agency’s Europa Clipper spacecraft will carry a richly layered dispatch that includes more than 2.6 million names submitted by the public.
 . March 8, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. NASA’s Juno Mission Measures Oxygen Production at Europa 
 The ice-covered Jovian moon generates 1,000 tons of oxygen every 24 hours – enough to keep a million humans breathing for a day.
 . March 4, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. Team Assessing SHERLOC Instrument on NASA’s Perseverance Rover 
 Engineers are working to stabilize a dust cover on one of the science instrument’s cameras.
 . Feb. 13, 2024 News Category: News. News Category: News. Poised for Science: NASA’s Europa Clipper Instruments Are All Aboard 
 The science performed by the complex suite of instruments recently added to the spacecraft will reveal whether Jupiter’s moon Europa has conditions that could support life.
 . Jan. 30, 2024 
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A Few Steps Closer to Europa: Spacecraft Hardware Makes Headway – NASA's Europa Clipper
“It’s really exciting to see the progression of flight hardware moving forward this year as the various elements are put together bit by bit and tested,” said Europa Clipper Project Manager Jan Chodas of JPL. “The project team is energized and more focused than ever on delivering a spacecraft with an exquisite instrument suite that promises to revolutionize our knowledge of Europa.”
Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, which harbors an internal ocean with twice the amount of water in Earth’s oceans combined, may currently have conditions suitable for supporting life. Europa Clipper will carry a broad suite of science instruments into orbit around Jupiter and conduct multiple close flybys of Europa to gather data on its atmosphere, surface, and interior.
Hardware in the Works

Europa Clipper’s spectrometer, Mapping Imaging Spectrometer for Europa (MISE), is seen in the midst of assembly in a clean room at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. MISE will analyze infrared light reflected from Europa and map its surface composition in detail. Full image and caption Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Delivery of the towering propulsion module from Goddard to APL marked a milestone for that major piece of hardware. APL built the twin cylinders that make up the module and shipped them to JPL, where technicians added thermal tubing that will carry coolant to keep the spacecraft from getting too hot or too cold in deep space. From there, the cylinders went to Goddard, where propellant tanks were installed inside of them and 16 rocket engines were attached to the outside.
Another large piece of hardware nearing completion is the spacecraft’s radiator, which connects to the thermal tubing. The width and length of a twin-size bed, the radiator’s 3-inch-thick (7.5-centimeter-thick) panel has the crucial job of radiating heat out into space to keep the spacecraft within its operating temperature range. It is covered with louvers that open and close automatically as the spacecraft disperses more or less heat to regulate its temperature.
Meanwhile, work at APL begins to integrate the propulsion module and the telecommunications hardware (electronics, radios, antennas, and cabling).
NASA Missions Provide New Insights into 'Ocean Worlds' in Our Solar System – NASA's Europa Clipper
The paper detailing new Hubble Space Telescope findings, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, reports on observations of Europa from 2016 in which a probable plume of material was seen erupting from the moon’s surface at the same location where Hubble saw evidence of a plume in 2014. These images bolster evidence that the Europa plumes could be a real phenomenon, flaring up intermittently in the same region on the moon's surface.
The newly imaged plume rises about 62 miles (100 kilometers) above Europa’s surface, while the one observed in 2014 was estimated to be about 30 miles (50 kilometers) high. Both correspond to the location of an unusually warm region that contains features that appear to be cracks in the moon’s icy crust, seen in the late 1990s by NASA's Galileo spacecraft. Researchers speculate that, like Enceladus, this could be evidence of water erupting from the moon’s interior.
“The plumes on Enceladus are associated with hotter regions, so after Hubble imaged this new plume-like feature on Europa, we looked at that location on the Galileo thermal map. We discovered that Europa’s plume candidate is sitting right on the thermal anomaly," said William Sparks of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. Sparks led the Hubble plume studies in both 2014 and 2016.
The researchers say if the plumes and the warm spot are linked, it could mean water being vented from beneath the moon's icy crust is warming the surrounding surface. Another idea is that water ejected by the plume falls onto the surface as a fine mist, changing the structure of the surface grains and allowing them to retain heat longer than the surrounding landscape.
For both the 2014 and 2016 observations, the team used Hubble's Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) to spot the plumes in ultraviolet light. As Europa passes in front of Jupiter, any atmospheric features around the edge of the moon block some of Jupiter’s light, allowing STIS to see the features in silhouette. Sparks and his team are continuing to use Hubble to monitor Europa for additional examples of plume candidates and hope to determine the frequency with which they appear.
Newly Reprocessed Images of Europa Show 'Chaos Terrain' in Crisp Detail
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Europa's Ocean Ascending – NASA's Europa Clipper
How will Europa Clipper see through Europa's thick ice shell to study the moon's ocean?

Mission Dispatch: Using Radar to Study Earth and Europa

Parallel ice ridges, a common feature on Jupiter’s moon Europa, are also found on Greenland’s ice sheet.

Greenland Ice, Jupiter Moon Share Similar Feature

Jupiter’s moon Europa and its global ocean may currently have conditions suitable for life. Scientists are studying processes on the icy surface as they prepare to explore.

Surface of Jupiter's Moon Europa Churned by Small Impacts

Jupiter’s icy moon Europa may be the most promising place in the solar system to find present-day environments suitable for life beyond Earth. 

Europa: A World of Ice, With Potential for Life

Jupiter’s moon Europa has an icy crust covering a vast, global ocean. The rocky layer underneath may be hot enough to melt, leading to undersea volcanoes.

Europa's Interior May Be Hot Enough to Fuel Seafloor Volcanoes

Scientists have theorized on the origin of the water plumes possibly erupting from Jupiter's moon Europa. Recent research adds a new potential source to the mix.

Potential Plumes on Europa Could Come From Water in the Crust

New lab experiments re-create the environment of Europa and find that the icy moon shines, even on its nightside. The effect is more than just a cool visual.

Europa Glows: Radiation Does a Bright Number on Jupiter's Moon

The surface of Jupiter's moon Europa features a widely varied landscape, including ridges, bands, small rounded domes and disrupted spaces that geologists call "chaos terrain." Three newly reprocessed images, taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft in the late 1990s, reveal details in diverse surface features on Europa.

Newly Reprocessed Images of Europa Show 'Chaos Terrain' in Crisp Detail

Scientists discovered that the yellow color visible on portions of the surface of Europa is actually sodium chloride, a compound known on Earth as table salt, which is also the principal component of sea salt.

Table Salt Compound Spotted on Europa
Europa Clipper's Surface Dust Analyzer Instrument Delivered to JPL – NASA's Europa Clipper
Sascha Kempf, the instrument’s principal investigator, noted that SUDA is also a marvel of cleanliness. The team needs to be sure that SUDA will transport almost no contaminants from Earth to Europa. To achieve that feat, engineers from LASP heated the instrument to 239 degrees Fahrenheit for about 17 hours to kill off living organisms like bacteria. They also ran sterile nitrogen gas through SUDA while working with it to flush out unwanted contaminants from the air.
Read more about the delivery here. 

Meet Europa Clipper

NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft will conduct a detailed survey of Jupiter's moon Europa to determine whether the icy moon could harbor conditions suitable for life. Europa Clipper will carry an advanced suite of science instruments to discover whether Europa hosts environments suitable for life.

Meet the spacecraft ›

Why Europa?

Scientists are almost certain that hidden beneath the icy surface of Europa is a saltwater ocean thought to contain about twice as much water as Earth’s global ocean. It may be the most promising place in our solar system to find present-day environments suitable for some form of life beyond Earth.

Learn more about Europa › 

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Europa Clipper Transport Plane Arrives in Florida

2021 Europa Clipper Spacecraft (Artist's Concept)

Europa Under Stress 

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The addition of a high-gain antenna will enable the agency’s Europa Clipper spacecraft – set to launch in October 2024 – to communicate with mission controllers hundreds of millions of miles away.

NASA's Europa Probe Gets a Hotline to Earth

The Europa Clipper magnetometer has completed its rigorous testing and calibration at JPL and is ready for integration onto the Europa Clipper spacecraft.

Europa Clipper's Magnetometer Testing is Complete, Ready for Integration

Europa Clipper’s mass spectrometer was delivered to JPL in December 2022. 

Europa Clipper's Mass Spectrometer Delivered to JPL

The enormous spacecraft that will head to Jupiter’s moon Europa uses four large reaction wheels to help keep it oriented.

NASA's Europa Clipper Gets Its Wheels for Traveling in Deep Space
Europa's Ocean Ascending – NASA's Europa Clipper
If Europa indeed behaves the way the simulation suggests, it might carry ocean material to the moon’s surface, where Europa Clipper would analyze it remotely using the spacecraft’s infrared and ultraviolet instruments, among others. Scientists could then study the material’s composition to consider whether Europa’s ocean might be hospitable for some form of life.

RELATED LINKS:

Evidence for an ocean
About Europa in general
Ingredients for life?
About Europa Clipper

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MISE

Europa Clipper: Journey to an Ocean World Poster

Europa's Plumes Located near 'Warm Spot' on Europa 

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A new NASA study offers an explanation of how quakes could be the source of the mysteriously smooth terrain on moons circling Jupiter and Saturn. 

Icy Moonquakes: Surface Shaking Could Trigger Landslides 

U.S. Poet Laureate Ada Limón, who is known for work that explores the human connection to the natural world, is crafting a new poem dedicated to NASA’s Europa Clipper mission.

A Voice Among the Stars: Poem by U.S. Poet Laureate Ada Limón Will Ride to Europa on NASA Spacecraft

La poetisa laureada estadounidense Ada Limón, conocida por su trabajo que explora la conexión humana con el mundo natural, está escribiendo un nuevo poema dedicado a la misión Europa Clipper de la NASA.

Una voz entre las estrellas: Poema de la poetisa laureada estadounidense Ada Limón viajará a Europa en una nave espacial de la NASA

How will Europa Clipper see through Europa's thick ice shell to study the moon's ocean?

Mission Dispatch: Using Radar to Study Earth and Europa

Parallel ice ridges, a common feature on Jupiter’s moon Europa, are also found on Greenland’s ice sheet.

Greenland Ice, Jupiter Moon Share Similar Feature

Jupiter’s moon Europa and its global ocean may currently have conditions suitable for life. Scientists are studying processes on the icy surface as they prepare to explore.

Surface of Jupiter's Moon Europa Churned by Small Impacts