vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Little Brown Bat - Watchable Wildlife - NYSDEC
DEC protects the land, water, and air resources in New York. Whether it is addressing climate change effects, promoting responsible waste management, monitoring air quality, overseeing contaminated site clean-ups, or oil and gas mining monitoring, DEC is there to safeguard the environment; you can too by reporting environmental violations and problems. 

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Regulatory Agenda - NYSDEC
Regulatory Agenda - NYSDEC

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Department of Environmental Conservation

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Things To Do

There are many ways to experience New York’s great outdoors. Maybe you’ll get hooked on fishing or discover sleeping under the stars is the perfect way to spend a weekend. We have information for beginners up to the more advanced outdoor enthusiast. 

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Watchable Wildlife

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Love Our New York Lands

Adventure NY

Places to Go

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Looking for your next adventure? New York has more than 5 million acres, 7,000 lakes and streams, and 52,000 miles of rivers and streams for you to explore. Use our Places to Go search tool to find locations nearby for your favorite outdoor activity. 

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DEC protects the land, water, and air resources in New York. Whether it is addressing climate change effects, promoting responsible waste management, monitoring air quality, overseeing contaminated site clean-ups, or oil and gas mining monitoring, DEC is there to safeguard the environment; you can too by reporting environmental violations and problems. 

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May | 2012 | Terra
The acute and chronic health impacts, predominately to our respiratory and cardiovascular systems, from short and long-term exposure to aerosols are now well established. The World Health Organization has established air quality guidelines, which includes exposure levels in terms of the size range of airborne particulate matter. The particle size is a determinant in where and how it gets deposited in the respiratory system.   Since most humans live on land, observing aerosols over land is of primary importance. Before the launch of MISR, there were no good, quantitative satellite observations of aerosol properties over land. MISR was designed to provide information on the size and shapes of aerosols over water and land. With more than a decade of MISR data, we are beginning to see from space how the aerosol field changes due to natural events and human activities.
As you know Terra has five instruments that monitor various components that make up the Earth System.  Can you explain the dynamics among weather, land and oceans?
LDG: There are too many details to answer this question properly. So I can only answer in a very generic sense. Basically, the atmosphere, land, and oceans store and exchange heat and momentum. They also exchange moisture, and many types of gases and aerosols.  Ultimately, it is the uneven distribution of these quantities over the globe that forces the exchange of these quantities between land, ocean and atmosphere. The dynamics involved in this exchange manifest themselves to us in terms of weather, ocean currents, a changing biosphere (e.g., desertification), etc.  Terra provides a broad range of measurements necessary to make advancements in our understanding on how these exchanges take place from regional to global scales.
And, finally how did you get interested in science and, then, decided to study weather?
LDG: NASA’s Viking mission beamed back spectacular true color images of Mars. I was a kid when I first looked at those images – it completely reshaped and redirected my thinking. The visual cue of true color images from another planet was absolutely awesome. I was also a fan of Star Trek. So I enrolled as an undergraduate student in Astrophysics and later as a graduate student in Atmospheric Sciences.
Exposure to Smoke from Fires
If you must be exposed to smokey conditions for long periods of time, proper use of respiratory protection will reduce exposure to the fine particles and gases in smoke.

What symptoms can occur?

Inhaling smoke for a short time can cause immediate effects. Smoke irritates the eyes, nose, and throat, and its odor can be nauseating. Studies show that some people exposed to heavy smoke have temporary changes in lung function that makes breathing more difficult. People can also have changes in heart function.  Carbon monoxide and small particles are two common substances in smoke responsible for these health effects.
Inhaling carbon monoxide decreases the body's oxygen supply and causes headaches, reduces alertness, and aggravates a heart condition known as angina. Fine particles from smoke (fine particulate matter, or PM 2.5) can travel deeply into the respiratory tract, reaching the lungs. Inhaling fine particles can cause a variety of health effects, like respiratory irritation and shortness of breath. It can also worsen medical conditions such as asthma and heart disease. Physical exertion can make these health effects worse. Once exposure stops, symptoms may last for a couple of days, but will likely improve.

When should I speak to a health care provider?

Anyone with symptoms from smoke or bad air quality should contact their health care provider. You may also want to talk with a health care provider about your health risk when smokey air or poor air quality cannot be avoided. 

What about long-term health effects?

Exposure to smoke can also increase your risk for long-term (chronic) health effects. People who live in areas with higher fine particulate air pollution and those who breathe air containing fine particles over long periods have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Frequent exposure to smoke even for brief periods can also increase your risk for long-term health effects. Scientists have studied the risk of long-term health effects in firefighters who frequently breathe smoke. Some of these show a higher rate of cancer, lung disease, and cardiovascular disease, while others do not. 

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Facts About Earth - NASA Science
Most of our planet is covered in water.Breathe Easy - Earth's atmosphere is 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent other ingredients—the perfect balance to breathe and live.Our Cosmic Companion - Earth has one moon.Ringless - Earth has no rings.Orbital Science - Many orbiting spacecraft study the Earth from above as a whole system—observing the atmosphere, ocean, glaciers, and the solid earth.Home, Sweet Home - Earth is the perfect place for life as we know it.Protective Shield - Our atmosphere protects us from incoming meteoroids, most of which break up in our atmosphere before they can strike the surface.NASA Space PlaceKid-Friendly EarthOur home planet Earth is a rocky, terrestrial planet. It has a solid and active surface with mountains, valleys, canyons, plains and so much more. Earth is special because it is an ocean planet. Water covers 70% of Earth's surface. Earth's atmosphere is made mostly of nitrogen and has plenty of oxygen for us to breathe. The atmosphere also protects us from incoming meteoroids, most of which break up before they can hit the surface.NASA Space Place: All About EarthKeep ExploringDiscover More Topics From NASAClimate ChangeExplore Earth ScienceEarth Science in ActionOur Solar SystemReturn to topThe National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.About NASA's MissionJoin UsHomeNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+MissionsHumans in SpaceEarth & ClimateThe Solar SystemThe UniverseScienceAeronauticsTechnologyLearning ResourcesAbout NASANASA en EspañolFollow NASAMore NASA Social AccountsNASA NewslettersSitemapFor MediaPrivacy PolicyFOIANo FEAR ActOffice of the IGBudget & Annual ReportsAgency Financial ReportsContact NASAAccessibilityPage Last Updated:4 months agoPage Editor:SMD Content EditorsResponsible NASA Official for Science:Dana Bolles
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The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) was created on July 1, 1970 to combine all state programs designed to protect and enhance the environment into a single agency.DEC is headed by a commissioner, who is assisted by executive managers. The department has 24 divisions and offices and is further organized into bureaus to fulfill the functions and regulations established by Title 6 of New York Codes, Rules and Regulations (6NYCRR). Some programs are also governed by federal law.DEC's MissionMission: "To conserve, improve and protect New York's natural resources and environment and to prevent, abate and control water, land and air pollution, in order to enhance the health, safety and welfare of the people of the state and their overall economic and social well-being."DEC's goal is to achieve this mission through the simultaneous pursuit of environmental quality, public health, economic prosperity and social well-being, including environmental justice and the empowerment of individuals to participate in environmental decisions that affect their lives.Central Office and Regional OfficesDEC's Central Office is in Albany. Each of DEC's nine regions has an office that serves the communities within that region.
The Greenhouse Effect | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
It has one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms all bonded together.
Ozone is made when the Sun cooks carbon monoxide, such as from our car and truck exhaust, with other chemicals in the atmosphere.

Gumdrop model of ozone molecule, O3 . It has three oxygen atoms bonded together.

Good ozone, bad ozone
In the case of ozone, it's all about location, location, location. 

 Drawing shows four different levels of ozone in the atmosphere. At top of stratosphere, 30 miles high, ozone absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. At the top of the troposphere, 12 miles high, ozone acts as a greenhouse gas, trapping heat. In the middle of the tropsohere, ozone helps clean up certain pollutants. At the bottom of the troposphere, at Earth's surface, ozone makes smog.
Scientists have divided the atmosphere into different layers, each with a name. The layer closest to the ground, where we live and fly in jets, is called the troposphere [TRO-po-sphere]. Above that layer is the stratosphere [STRAT-o-sphere], which goes to about 30 miles high. (Three more layers above that have names too, but we won't talk about those right now.) 

Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun causes sunburns and skin cancer. Ozone high in the stratosphere shields us from much of this ultraviolet radiation. 
That's good. 

But at the top of the troposphere, ozone acts as a greenhouse gas and adds to global warming. 
That's bad. 
In the middle region of the troposphere, ozone helps to clean the atmosphere of certain pollutants. 
That's good.
But in the atmosphere close to Earth's surface where we live, ozone adds to smog and is hard on plants and animals, including us. 
That's bad.

 	article last updated March 2, 2017
 

Finding the ozone
So, it is not enough to know how much ozone is in the air. We need to know where it is.
Acid Rain - NYSDEC
Acid Rain - NYSDEC

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Department of Environmental Conservation

Things To Do

Things To Do

There are many ways to experience New York’s great outdoors. Maybe you’ll get hooked on fishing or discover sleeping under the stars is the perfect way to spend a weekend. We have information for beginners up to the more advanced outdoor enthusiast. 

View All Outdoor Activities

Camping

Hiking

Hunting

Trapping

Freshwater Fishing

Saltwater Fishing

Shellfishing

Boating

Paddling

Watchable Wildlife

Summer Camps

Love Our New York Lands

Adventure NY

Places to Go

Places to Go

Looking for your next adventure? New York has more than 5 million acres, 7,000 lakes and streams, and 52,000 miles of rivers and streams for you to explore. Use our Places to Go search tool to find locations nearby for your favorite outdoor activity. 

Find Your Spot

Find Places to Go

Accessible Recreation

Maps

Wildlife Management Areas

Tidal Wetland Areas

Agencies That Manage Public Land

Discounts For Outdoor Recreation

Nature

Nature

New York is home to many animals and plant species – both native and invasive. Learn how we protect open space and reclaim land after mining is complete. Discover the water around you in lakes and rivers, wetlands, oceans, and underground.

Learn About Nature

Animals, Fish & Plants

Invasive Species

Forests & Trees

Wildlife Health

Nuisance Wildlife

Report Dead Wildlife

Waterbodies

Open Space

Environmental Protection

Environmental Protection

DEC protects the land, water, and air resources in New York. Whether it is addressing climate change effects, promoting responsible waste management, monitoring air quality, overseeing contaminated site clean-ups, or oil and gas mining monitoring, DEC is there to safeguard the environment; you can too by reporting environmental violations and problems. 

Ways to Protect

Report a Problem

Public Safety

Wildfires

Air

Water

Bulk Storage

Recycling and Composting

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Mining & Reclamation

Site Cleanup

Oil and Gas

Pesticides

Mercury
Exposure | California Air Resources Board
Exposure | California Air Resources Board

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 Our exposure to air pollution depends on the concentration of pollutants in the air and how much we breathe in over time. Exposures vary greatly from one person to another, with infants and small children being more vulnerable to exposures because of their small body size and increased inhalation rate as compared to adults.
 More about this program

 Particle PollutantsParticle pollutants are a mixture of small solid particles and liquid droplets in the air. Exposure to high levels of fine particles is associated with a range of serious health effects, including asthma and heart attacks.More Information
Reduce Your Exposure to Cooking EmissionsAir Cleaning Devices to Improve Indoor Air QualityIndoor Air Exposure in Cars & Buses

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 Take action to reduce your exposure to harmful air pollutantsIndoorsRemove sources of air pollution. For example, avoid burning candles, incense, or smoking inside. Buy "green" cleaning and personal care productsUse building materials and furniture that emit low levels of formaldehydeVentilate your home.
Common Loon - NYSDEC
In the Adirondacks, acidification of lakes and mercury contamination of water bodies are problems. Acid rain lowers the biological productivity of lakes and reduces the amount of forage fish available to loons. Toxicity from mercury pollution of water bodies can lead to decreased reproductive success of loons.Management and Research NeedsDespite these difficulties, common loon populations in New York seem to be stable or increasing. Continuation of current management programs is necessary to maintain a healthy population. Public education is very important in reducing the risk of lead toxicity due to ingestion of lead fishing tackle and in decreasing disturbances caused by recreational activities such as boating. Such activities should be prohibited near nest sites and nursery areas during the breeding season. Signs providing information on the natural history of the common loon and the effects of human impacts on loons can be posted at boat ramps, beaches, campgrounds, and other public access points to inform the public of the loons' needs.Monitoring programs, such as those conducted by the Adirondack Center for Loon Conservation and the Audubon Society of New York, Inc. have been established to evaluate the long-term reproductive success and changes in the breeding population of Adirondack loons and help ensure that the haunting call of the common loon continues to echo off the Adirondack hillsides for years to come.Watchable WildlifeWhen looking for wildlife in New York, visit the Watchable Wildlife webpage for the best locations for finding your favorite mammal, bird, reptile, or insect. New York State has millions of acres of State Parks, forests and wildlife management areas that are home to hundreds of wildlife species, and all are open to the public. Choose from hundreds of trails and miles of rivers as well as marshes and wetlands.Remember when viewing wildlife:Don't feed wildlife and leave wild baby animals where you find them.Keep quiet, move slowly and be patient. Allow time for animals to enter the area.Quick Facts About LoonsLoons have solid bones, while most other birds have hollow bones.
Aerosols: Tiny Particles, Big Impact
Aerosols: Tiny Particles, Big Impact

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Aerosols: Tiny Particles, Big Impact
By Adam Voiland
Design by Robert Simmon
November 2, 2010

Take a deep breath. Even if the air looks clear, it’s nearly certain that you’ll inhale tens of millions of solid particles and liquid droplets. These ubiquitous specks of matter are known as aerosols, and they can be found in the air over oceans, deserts, mountains, forests, ice, and every ecosystem in between. They drift in Earth’s atmosphere from the stratosphere to the surface and range in size from a few nanometers—less than the width of the smallest viruses—to several several tens of micrometers—about the diameter of human hair. Despite their small size, they have major impacts on our climate and our health.

Aerosols—tiny, airborne solid & liquid particles—are present throughout the atmosphere and largely responsible for hazy skies, as in this photograph of Shenzen, China. (Photograph ©2010 pseudo-san.)

Different specialists describe the particles based on shape, size, and chemical composition.