vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
California’s Child Welfare System: Addressing Disproportionalities and Disparities
In particular, we focus on poverty and correlated risk factors, which certain groups are more likely to experience as a result of historical polices and other factors. We also examine certain groups’ disproportionate exposure to mandated reporters, as well as the role that implicit bias may play in reporting and decision‑making. 
Front‑End Policy Areas Impacting Child Welfare System Involvement. In identifying policy levers that can help address disproportionalities and disparities, this report focuses on decision‑making and policies at the “front‑end” of the system. We define front‑end as all policies and decision points prior to and including a social worker’s decision to remove a child and place them into foster care. Thus, this definition includes services and supports for families prior to allegations of maltreatment, as well as protocols and decisions around reporting, investigating, and substantiating allegations, and possible removal and foster care placement. We focus on these areas because addressing front‑end system issues could help mitigate the growing disparities at later stages of the system. In addition, a number of recent legislative actions already have aimed to address challenges at later stages of the system.
Options to Begin Addressing Front‑End Disproportionalities and Disparities. We lay out a number of options for the Legislature to consider, all while aiming to continue ensuring child safety is prioritized while mitigating trauma and preventing unnecessary child welfare system involvement. Given the complex and interwoven factors contributing to disproportionalities and disparities, addressing them will require broad efforts both across the child welfare system and policy areas external to the system. Many of the options would introduce new costs. Accordingly, the Legislature would need to consider the fiscal implications and associated trade‑offs. 

Introduction
Child Welfare System’s Primary Goal Is to Keep Children Safe. The child welfare system serves to protect children from maltreatment—including by removing children from their home and placing them into temporary foster care when deemed necessary—and to strengthen families so that children can remain safely with their families whenever possible.
California Pretrial Release Program - criminal_justice
You will find information about your county’s Pretrial services on your county’s website. In line with SB 129, courts were mandated to contract with any “county department, including county probation departments, to provide pretrial services.” *
* The Superior Court of San Francisco and the Superior Court of Santa Clara are allowed to contract with the Office of Pretrial Services in that county.
History of Pretrial Release in California

Pretrial Case Law
Notable California cases

In re Humphrey (2021)
In re Brown (2021)
In re Kowalcyzk (2022)

Notable Federal cases

United States vs Salerno (1987)

See Prior Reforms Section for information on the Pretrial Pilot Program.

Contact Information

 
 
 
 Criminal Justice Services
455 Golden Gate Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94102

pretrial@jud.ca.gov

Related Links

Pretrial Pilot Fact Sheet
Pretrial Pilot Program Final Report
Pretrial Release report to the Legislature 2023
Pretrial Reform and Operations Workgroup Update and Recommendations on Use of Pretrial Risk Assessment Instruments
August 9, 2019 Judicial Council Report
Archived Meeting Webcast
Chief Justice Names Group to Review Pretrial Reform Efforts in California (January 15, 2019)

Criminal Justice Services

Behavioral Health Education and Resources
California Pretrial Release Program

Pretrial Release: Risk Assessment Tools (SB 36)

Community Corrections Performance Incentives Act (SB 678)
Data Dashboards: Trends in Felony Court Case Processing
MyCitations – Can’t afford to pay your ticket?
Proposition 64: The Adult Use of Marijuana Act
Prior Reforms

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The 2024-25 Budget: Child Support
Specifically, the language would allow DCSS to adopt regulations around efforts to recover any overpayment of child support collections to CalWORKs families. “Overpayment” according to this language refers to any amount of child support that is disbursed as a result of fraud, an instrument backed by insufficient funds, or other situations wherein the full monthly support amount for a family has not actually been provided by the noncustodial parent making the payment. In these cases, DCSS has indicated the proposed regulations would seek to take back the overpaid amount from the recipient custodial parent. In cases where the recipient does not authorize the return of the overpayment, DCSS would seek to use General Fund savings from other areas of the budget temporarily to backfill the overpaid amount in the Child Support Trust Fund. These actions are intended to allow DCSS to ensure that the Child Support Trust Fund—which is essentially the state’s checking account for child support payments—does not incur a negative balance.
LAO Comments
We are currently working to better understand the Child Support Trust Fund challenges caused by overpayments. In evaluating this proposal, some key questions the Legislature may wish to ask the administration include:

Are there administration or enforcement costs associated with efforts to recover overpayments? What are those costs?
What data are available on the reasons for overpayments?
Are there efforts in place to try to limit overpayments before they occur? What are those efforts?
If recipients of overpayments are not able to remit those funds, how will DCSS address any remaining shortfall in the Trust Fund?

 

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California’s Child Welfare System: Addressing Disproportionalities and Disparities
Finally, the report presents options for the Legislature to consider to begin to help address disproportionalities and disparities, while maintaining a system that ensures and prioritizes the safety and well‑being of children. 
Background
Child Welfare System Overview
Child Welfare and Foster Care Programs Serve to Keep Children Safe and Strengthen Families. When children experience abuse or neglect, the state provides a variety of services to protect children and strengthen families. The state provides prevention services—such as substance use disorder treatment and in‑home parenting support—to families at risk of child removal to help families remain together, if possible. When children cannot remain safely in their homes, the state provides temporary out‑of‑home placements through the foster care system, often while providing services to parents with the aim of safely reunifying children with their families. If children are unable to safely return to their parents, the state provides assistance to establish a permanent placement for children, for example, through adoption or guardianship. 
California’s Child Welfare System Serves Nearly 100,000 Children and Their Families in Any Month. In 2023‑24, the estimated average monthly caseloads for various child welfare system service components include:

32,000 in‑person investigations, in response to maltreatment allegations.
13,000 children with families receiving family maintenance services to help keep children safely at home.
17,000 children in foster care whose families are receiving reunification services.
33,000 children in foster care for whom the child welfare system is working toward permanent placement.

In addition, many families participate in voluntary family strengthening programs through the child welfare system or community‑based organizations, which is not captured by these caseload figures. The child welfare system also provides monthly maintenance payments to children in adoptive and guardianship placements, which are not included in the above figures.
California’s Child Welfare System Is Locally Implemented, With Requirements and Oversight From State and Federal Governments. Local child welfare agencies implement child welfare programs on behalf of the state Department of Social Services (DSS), with oversight from the state and federal governments. Local agencies include county child welfare departments, county probation departments, and certain tribes.
Family Law - Filing & Serving Your Papers: Sacramento Superior Court

To serve someone who is incarcerated, please use the following forms:


 	Instructions for Serving Someone Who is Incarcerated

 Proof of Service of Summons (FL-115); or 

 Proof of Personal Service (FL-330) 

Service by Publication or Posting


 	Service by Publication or Posting Packet

 	Sacramento County Newspapers of General Circulation

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Jury Service - jury_service
However, if you have received a pardon from the Governor and had your civil rights restored pursuant to California Penal Code sections 4852.01-4854, you may serve on a jury even if you have been convicted of malfeasance in office. There are two ways to receive a pardon: one is by applying for and being granted a Certificate of Rehabilitation and Pardon, and the second is through a Direct Application for Pardon. Please consult an attorney for legal advice, your local California Superior Court clerk’s office, or your probation office for further guidance.
Please note that the above changes do not affect the eligibility and disqualification criteria for criminal or civil grand juries, as specified in Section 893 of the Penal Code.
How long does a trial take?
Trial length depends on how complex the issues are and how long jurors spend in deliberations. Most trials are completed within a week. The judge knows approximately how long the trial will take and he or she will give you an idea when your group is called for jury selection. Judges are aware that long trials can be difficult. Let the judge know if it would be a serious hardship for you to serve on a long trial. Please be patient during this process, because a lot of people have similar concerns about time.
What happens to my job obligations?
Your employer must allow you time off to serve on a jury. That is the law. The California Labor Code prevents any employer from firing or harassing an employee who is summoned for jury service. School employees and students are protected as well in different parts of the law. However, you must let your employer know well in advance, as soon as you receive your summons. You should contact the court if you have a problem with your employer. Remember that you can postpone jury service to a more convenient time. Read your summons carefully or contact your local jury office to find out how to request a postponement.
What if I care for a child or an adult?
If you have a child or an adult under your care, you may ask for a postponement or excuse from jury service. Read your summons carefully or contact your local jury office.
Prior Reforms - criminal_justice_prior_reforms
Behavioral Health Education and Resources
California Pretrial Release Program
Community Corrections Performance Incentives Act (SB 678)
Data Dashboards: Trends in Felony Court Case Processing
MyCitations – Can’t afford to pay your ticket?
Proposition 64: The Adult Use of Marijuana Act
Prior Reforms

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Criminal Justice Realignment

 
 
 
 
 
 
 California’s criminal justice realignment represents one of the most significant changes in criminal justice policy since statehood.

Criminal justice realignment, enacted via the Budget Act of 2011 and various budget trailer bills realigned the responsibility for managing and supervising non-serious, non-violent, non-sexual felony offenders from the state to county governments.

Criminal justice realignment did not change any law or procedure up to the point a sentence is pronounced.
Criminal justice realignment changed the place where many felony sentences are served when the defendant is not granted probation. Instead of being sentenced to state prison, defendants convicted of a non-serious, non-violent, non-sexual felony with no prior such offenses serve their time in county jail.
Persons released from state prison after serving a prison term for a felony that is not a serious or violent felony, a third strike, a crime where the person is classified as a high risk sex offender, or a crime where the person is required to undergo treatment by the California Department of Mental Health, are now supervised by the county probation department as opposed to state parole. This term of supervision is referred to as ‘Post Release Community Supervision (PRCS).
Trial courts are now responsible for conducting parole and PRCS revocation hearings.

 For more information on criminal justice realignment:
Infographic for felony sentences and supervision types after Criminal Justice Realignment

Data Dashboards: Trends in Felony Court Case Processing
 
Other Reforms: 
Since the landmark “realignment” legislation, many other changes to California’s criminal justice system have been enacted into law through both legislative action and voter-approved initiatives. Broadly, these laws focused on: 

Reducing incarceration
Emphasizing rehabilitation and reentry into the community, and
Addressing systemic racial bias at all stages.

Many of these laws provide an opportunity for retroactive relief. California has: 
Redefined or eliminated certain criminal offenses.
Paying a traffic ticket | California Courts | Self Help Guide
You don´t need to separately plead guilty or no contest, unless you're asking the court to consider your ability to pay.

"Guilty" and "no contest" are very similar. Learn more 
You get a conviction either way. Guilty means you're admitting you did what the ticket says. No contest means you are not admitting it, but you are not going to challenge it either (you're not contesting it). You'll get the same penalty, and it will go on your record. 
The main difference between a guilty or no contest plea is how it can be used if you're sued for a reason related to the traffic ticket. A guilty plea can be used to prove you did what the ticket says. If you plea no contest, the person suing you may still need to prove you did what the ticket says. Talk to a lawyer for more information about how your plea can impact you if you're sued.

DMV points and traffic school
The conviction will show up on your driving record with the DMV (it adds points to your driving record). The points can affect your car insurance. 
How does my ticket impact my car insurance? Learn more
When you plead guilty or if the judge finds you guilty, it is a conviction. The conviction goes on your driving record. These are "points." Points can stay on your record for 3 to 7 years and impact your car insurance. Your car insurance company may ask you to pay more for insurance or they may cancel your policy and tell you to find insurance elsewhere.

If you are eligible, you can ask to go to a traffic school so you don't get a point on your record. The notice sent by the court will say if you are eligible for traffic school. There's a fee to go to traffic school.
If you complete traffic school, you don't get the point added to your DMV record (if you have a noncommercial driver's license). If you have a commercial driver's license the rules are different. 
If you have a fix-it ticket (correctable offense)
Places to find support for a person with a disability or impairment | California Courts | Self Help Guide
The IPP should also include information on the person’s preferences. 
Supported Living Services
Individuals can also receive additional supports through Supported Living Services (SLS). SLS can be part of a person’s Individual Program Plan, provided by a specialized agency, or both to help the individual manage their life. 
SLS may include help with: 

Selecting and moving into a home 

Choosing personal attendants and housemates

Acquiring household furnishings

Common daily living activities and emergencies

Becoming a participating member in community life 

Managing personal financial affairs, as well as other supports

Find out more about SLS.
Schools
Adults who are receiving regional center services can continue to receive school services until age 22. If the individual is receiving special education with an Individualized Education Program (IEP), that document can be modified to include additional services that will allow the person to remain or become more independent. 

 

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Prior Reforms - criminal_justice_prior_reforms
The phrase “unreasonable risk of danger to public safety” is defined narrowly as an unreasonable risk that the petitioner will commit a new violent felony within the meaning of section 667(e)(2)(C)(iv). (Pen. Code, § 11l70.18(c).) 
 
Persons who are resentenced must be given credit for time served and are subject to a period of parole for one year under section 3000.08 “unless the court, in its discretion, as part of its resentencing order, releases the person from parole.” (Pen. Code, § 1170.18(d).) 
 
Resentencing may not result in the imposition of a term that is longer than the original sentence. (Pen. Code, § 1170.18(e).) A resentencing hearing is considered a “post-conviction release proceeding” under Article I, Section 28(b)(7) of the California Constitution (Marsy's Law). 
Reclassifying Convictions 
Proposition 47 also authorizes persons who have completed their sentences for felony offenses that would have qualified as misdemeanors under the new laws to apply for a reduction of their felony conviction to a misdemeanor. (Pen. Code, § 1l170. l18(f).) Persons with one or more prior convictions for offenses listed under section 667(e)(2)(C)(iv) or for a sex offense that requires registration under section 290(c) are not eligible for reclassification. (Pen. Code, § 1170.18(i).) 
 
As with the resentencing provisions explained above, applications for reclassification must be made with the trial court that entered the original judgment unless that judge is unavailable, in which case the presiding judge must designate another judge to rule on the petition. (Pen. Code § 1170.18(f), (1).) All applications must be filed by November 4, 2022, “or at a later date upon a showing of good cause.” (Pen. Code, § 1170.l18(j).)
Collections | Superior Court of California | County of Tulare
When the defendant receives a Failure to Appear Civil Assessment notice, they must contact the originating court in order to pay the Bail Forfeiture amount in full or to request payment arrangements. If the defendant does not respond to the FTA notice within 20 days the case will be forwarded to the Traffic Commissioner to hold a Trial in Absentia, which may result in the case being referred to the court collection department.
Failure to Pay Notice
The Traffic and Criminal Filings departments will mail a Failure to Pay (FTP) notice when a defendant does not comply with a court agreement such as a payment plan. When the defendant receives a Failure to Pay Civil Assessment Notice, they must contact the originating court in order to pay the fine in full, or bring the original court order current. If the defendant does not respond to the FTP notice within 20 days the case will be referred to the court collection department.
Cases Referred To The Collection Department
Not responding to the original delinquent notice within the stated time will result in the case being referred to the Court Collections department, where a Civil Assessment of $300.00 will be imposed. Once a case is referred to Court Collections the fine must be paid in full. If the defendant is unable to pay the fine in full, the defendant can request payment arrangements of $150.00 per month. Payment arrangements can be made over the phone, or at the counter in the Court Collections department. If requested by phone, paperwork can be mailed to the defendant. The paperwork must be returned to the court within 10 days, along with the first payment. A one-time payment processing fee of $35.00 will be added to the fine, unless previously added.
If the defendant would like monthly payments below $150.00 per month, the court may request the defendant to complete an income and expense form and provide proof of income and expenses.
Unsigned Citations
Once an unsigned citation falls delinquent, a certified letter is mailed notifying the defendant of the delinquency. For unsigned citations resulting from a traffic accident, the defendant is given 15 calendar days from the date of the notice to provide proof of correction and/or to pay the bail forfeiture amount.