vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
StarChild: Glossary
pole and a north pole.
Q
R
RADIO WAVE
A type of energy that is made by charged particles such as electrons 
moving back and forth.
RE-ENTRY
The return of a spacecraft into Earth's atmosphere.
REFLECT
To throw back light, heat, or sound.
REUSABLE
Can be used again.
REVOLVE
To move in an orbit or circle around something.
ROTATE
To turn around a center point, or axis, like a wheel turns on a bicycle.
S
SATELLITE
An object that moves around a larger object. There are natural satellites 
such as moons and there are man-made satellites such as the Hubble Space 
Telescope.
SCATTERED
Going in many different directions.
SOLAR
Having to do with the Sun.
SOLAR FLARE
A storm or eruption of hot gases on the Sun.
SOLAR WIND
Streams of gas particles flowing out from the Sun.
SPACE PROBE
An unmanned research craft sent into space.
SPECTROGRAPH
The picture produced by a spectroscope.
SPECTROSCOPE
An instrument that breaks up the white light from a star into its 
different colors.
SUNSPOT
A dark area on the Sun's surface that is cooler than the area around it. 
Sunspots are caused by magnetic storms on the Sun.
SUPERNOVA
An explosion of a star that causes the star to shine millions of times 
brighter than usual.
T
TELESCOPE
A device which creates a larger image of a far away object.
U
ULTRAVIOLET RAY
An invisible form of energy which is given off by the Sun. 
Ultraviolet rays cause people to get sunburned.
UNIVERSE
The huge space which contains all of the matter and energy in existence.
V
VALLEY
A piece of low land lying between hills or mountains.
VEHICLE
Something used to carry people and things over land or in space.
VISIBLE
Able to be seen.
VOLCANO
An opening in a planet's surface through which hot liquid rock is thrown up.
W
WATER VAPOR
Education News & Blogs – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Grades 6-8 Time 30 min to 1 hour Math of the Expanding Universe Students will learn about the expanding universe and the redshift of lightwaves, then perform their own calculations with a distant supernova. Grades 9-12 Time 30 min to 1 hour The Expanded Universe: Playing with Time Activity Guide In this activity, participants use balloons to model the expansion of the universe and observe how expansion affects wavelengths of light and distance between galaxies James Webb Space Telescope STEM Toolkit Find a collection of resources, activities, videos, and more for your students to learn about NASA’s newest space observatory. Modeling an Asteroid Lead a discussion about asteroids and their physical properties, then have students mold their own asteroids out of clay. Grades 3-5 Time 30 min to 1 hour Math Rocks: A Lesson in Asteroid Dynamics Students use math to investigate a real-life asteroid impact. Grades 8-12 Time 30 min to 1 hour Related Activities for Students How to Make a Pinhole Camera Learn how to make your very own pinhole camera to safely see a solar eclipse in action! Type Project Subject Engineering Collection: Exploring Mars Make a cardboard rover, design a Mars exploration video game and explore more STEM projects, slideshows and videos for students. Type Project Subject Science What's That Space Rock? Find out how to tell the difference between asteroids, comets, meteors, meteorites and other bodies in our solar system. Type Slideshow Subject Science 10 Things We Can Learn from Webb's First Images Take a closer look at how images from NASA's most powerful space telescope yet are helping to answer some of astronomers' most burning questions. Type Slideshow Subject Science Recursos en español 18 Maneras en Que la NASA Usa Pi Pi nos lleva lejos en la NASA. Estas son solo algunas de las formas en que pi nos ayuda a explorar el espacio. Facts and Figures Asteroids Overview Eclipse Facts & Safety Mars Sample Handling Webb Telescope Key FactsWebsites Webb Space Telescope Mars Exploration Perseverance Mars Rover Mars Sample Return Psyche Mission MIRI Instrument 2023 EclipseArticles NASA’s Perseverance Rover Completes Mars Sample Depot Videos Bringing Mars Rock Samples Back to EarthInteractives Eyes on Asteroids
Do | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
do

Make a Fan with Earth's Layers

 Cool yourself with Earth’s hot interior 
do

Make a Pinwheel Galaxy Pinwheel

 A galaxy in the palm of your hand 
do

Make Sun Paper

 Have some fun with the sun! 
do

Make a Comet on a Stick!

 A comet close to home 
do

The Space Place Experiment Center

 It's science time! 
do

Make a Stained Glass Earth!

 See our planet in a whole new light. 
do

Build your own spacecraft!

 Become a NASA engineer! 
do

PDFs of Space Place activities

 Print-ready, downloadable PDFs of fun hands-on activities. 
do

Tired travelers

 How can NASA help us learn about bird migration? 
do

Do a Science Fair Project!

 Curiosity is the key! 
do

Make Oreo Moon Phases!

 For the New Moon, you must eat all the creme filling! 
do

Make No-Bake Moon Cookies!

 These are yummy and need no baking! 
do

Guide your spacecraft through a space maze

 Print and do mazes. 
do

What Is a Meteor Shower?

 What causes them? 
explore

Museums: Partner With NASA

 Join the NASA Museum Alliance! 
do

Ions in action

 You will get a charge out of this activity! 
do

Hear tiny sounds with a Super Sound Cone!

 Hear tiny sounds you never noticed before! 
do

Make asteroids you can eat!

 Make yummy potatoes look like asteroids. 
do

"See" inside a closed box!

 Map a 3-D map of the invisible. 
do

Make a topographic map!

 Build your own mountain, then map it. 
do

Make a Balloon-powered Nanorover!

 A fun project to do with the family. 
do

Make a CD Saturn

 Turn an old CD into Saturn's rings. 
do

Make colorful star cookies!

 Find out why stars aren't all the same color. 
do
Make a CD Saturn | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
When both halves are flat against the CD, a small part of the toothpick will be sticking out one of Saturns "poles." Break it off with needle-nosed pliers.

And hang it up:

Open a small paper clip so it looks like this:

Decide which half of Saturn you want to be the top. Since Saturn's axis is tilted 27 degrees, stick the paperclip into the top about ½ inch away from the center (where the toothpick comes through). Angle the paperclip so it passes through the hole in the CD and helps hold the two styrofoam halves together.When you hang your Saturn up, and it turns in the breeze, you will see the "rings" from different angles, just as we see the real Saturn at different angles from Earth.
Tie any length of thread to the paperclip and hang your model wherever you like.

Find out more about Saturn's awesome rings!

 	article last updated January 2, 2014
 

Planetary ring bling!

You can download and print a .pdf version of this activity.

If you liked this, you may like:

Why does Saturn have rings?

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Make a Fan with Earth's Layers

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Planetary ring bling!

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Teachable Moments – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Grades 6-8
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Bouncing Radio Waves Off Titan's Lakes
Student Activity
Type Video
Subject Saturn

August 29, 2017
The Farthest Operating Spacecraft, Voyagers 1 and 2, Still Exploring 40 Years Later
The twin spacecraft launched in 1977 on an epic journey through the solar system and beyond offer lessons in what it takes to travel farther than ever before.

Read the blog

Explore Lessons and Activities

Hear Here: A 'Pi in the Sky' Challenge
Subject Math
Grades 10-12
Time < 30 mins

Solar System Bead Activity
Subject Science
Grades 1-6
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Catching a Whisper from Space
Subject Science
Grades 4-12
Time 1-2 hrs

August 10, 2017
Get Students Excited About Science During the Total Solar Eclipse
More than just a must-see event, a solar eclipse provides opportunities for science, engineering and learning about Earth’s place in the solar system. 

Read the blog

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Moon Phases
Subject Science
Grades 1-6
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Measuring Solar Energy During an Eclipse
Subject Math
Grades 4-7
Time 1-2 hrs

Epic Eclipse: A 'Pi in the Sky' Challenge
Subject Math
Grades 6-12
Time < 30 mins

Modeling the Earth-Moon System
Subject Math
Grades 6-8
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

How to Make a Pinhole Camera
Student Activity
Type Project
Subject Astronomy

April 19, 2017
How NASA Studies and Tracks Asteroids Near and Far
Here’s how NASA uses math and science to track the movements of asteroids and find out what they’re made of – and students can, too. 

Read the blog

Explore Lessons and Activities

Whip Up a Moon-Like Crater
Subject Science
Grades 1-6
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Modeling an Asteroid
Subject Science
Grades 3-5
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Math Rocks: A Lesson in Asteroid Dynamics
Subject Math
PDFs of Space Place activities | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
PDFs of Space Place activities | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

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PDFs of Space Place activities

We have print-ready PDF files of Space Place's popular hands-on activities. Print these out and you no longer need to be connected to a computer to have a fun, educational experience. Perfect for the classroom, after school, and camps. 

Sun

Make sunspot cookies! Real sunspots aren’t made of chocolate, but on these sunspot cookies they are!
Download Sunspot Cookies Activity PDF
View Sunspot Cookies Activity

Make a pastel aurora! In this activity, you can make your own colorful aurora with oil pastels.
Download Pastel Aurora Activity PDF
View Pastel Aurora Activity

Make handprint art using ultraviolet light! In this activity, see for yourself how sunscreen can be used to block the sun’s ultraviolet light rays.
Download Handprint Art Activity PDF
View Handprint Art Activity

Make sun paper! Make this marbled paper that looks just like our sun.
Download Sun Paper Activity PDF
View Sun Paper Activity

Make colorful star cookies! Make these yummy star cookies with genuine star-colored centers you can see through.
Download Star Cookies Activity PDF
View Star Cookies Activity

Earth

Color an Earth coloring page! Learn more about Earth with this NASA coloring page.
View NASA Coloring Pages Activity

Make a Stained Glass Earth! You get to create your own full view of our planet as if it were seen from space—something that was not achieved until the 20th century.
Download Stained Glass Earth PDF
View Stained Glass Earth Activity

Make an Earth mask! Learn more about Earth with our planet mask activity.
Download Earth Mask Activity PDF
View Planet Mask Activity

Make a pastel aurora! In this activity, you can make your own colorful aurora with oil pastels.
Download Pastel Aurora Activity PDF
View Pastel Aurora Activity

Make an Earth fan!
Student Project: 18 Ways NASA Uses Pi | NASA/JPL Edu
Related TagsAsteroidsCometsEarthExoplanetsJupiterMarsMissionsPiPi Dayspace travelEuropaIo FlybyDeep Space NetworkDSNPlutoRoversSaturnSmall BodiesSpacecraftSunUniverseJump To1. Parachuting on Mars2. Getting new perspectives on Saturn3. Mapping unexplored (and familiar) worlds4. Landing on Mars5. Exploring new worlds6. Discovering potentially habitable worlds7. Locating quakes on Mars8. Talking to spacecraft9. Driving Mars rovers10. Getting spacecraft into orbit11. Tracking the movements of asteroids12. Keeping rover wheels turning13. Investigating alien ice14. Fueling up spacecraft15. Measuring the size of Pluto's heart16. Revealing crater clues17. Revealing what planets and asteroids are made of18. Peering below Jupiter's clouds 

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"See" inside a closed box! | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
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Mapping through Earth's clouds
 Like the paper that hides our Teddy bear, clouds often hide large areas of the Earth's surface. But, just as we can map the bear through the paper, we can use radar to make detailed maps of Earth right through clouds or darkness.

	 Radar is a kind of light energy, but we can't see it. It also acts like sound, because it bounces off surfaces making "echoes," which are "heard" by the radar antenna.

	 The Space Shuttle Radar Topography Mission flew in February 2000. As the Space Shuttle orbited Earth, radar instruments inside and outside the Shuttle made a 3-D map of almost the whole world. In just 11 days, this mission produced enough information to fill 20,000 CDs! 
	 Isn't it amazing what we can do once we understand some simple things about light and radar waves?

Learn more about this amazing technology and see some of the 3-D maps of Earth it made.
Make a topographic map! | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Make two more dent marks lower down on the mountain about 1 inch apart. Or, without using the ruler, just make three marks to divide your mountain into four slices all about the same thickness.
Stretch the dental floss until it is taut, wrapping the ends around your fingers so you have a good grip on it. Use the dental floss to cut through the mountain at top-most mark you made. Hold the floss as horizontal (level with the table or floor) as you can. 
Remove this clay slice and place it on the paper. Use the pencil to carefully trace around it. Push the pencil through one of the holes in the clay and make a dot on the paper; do the same with the other hole. Put the slice aside, but don't squash it. You'll need it again later.
Cut a second slice at your next mark down from the top. Lay the second slice over the tracing of the first one, being careful to place the holes in the second sick over the dots on the paper. To line up the holes, poke the two toothpicks through the holes in the slice and line them up with the two dots on the paper. Carefully trace around the second slice. Your tracing will form a circle outside the tracing of the first slice. (If you have "outcroppings" on your mountain, the second circle could cross into the area of the first circle).
Cut another slice at the next mark down. Line up the holes with the dots and trace it as you did before. Finally, place the bottom slice on the paper, line up the holes, and trace it.
Stack the slices back up in order on the cardboard. Be sure the holes line up.
Admire your topo map!

 Compare the topographic map you have just made to the model mountain. Why are some of the traced lines closer together than others? What kind of slope gives you lines that are close together? What kind gives lines that are far apart? On your topographic map, where are the steepest slopes? Looking at your map, where would be the best place to build a trail to climb to the top of the mountain?
Virtual Vocabulary | NASA eClips
topsolar eclipse - A solar eclipse is when the Moon passes between the sun and Earth casting its shadow on the Earth. topsolar flares - Solar flares are violent eruptions of gas on the sun's surface. topsolar radiation - Solar radiation refers to energy that travels in rays or waves and originates from the sun. topsolar system - The solar system includes the sun, the planets, and other bodies that revolve around the sun including comets. topsolid - A solid is a state of matter having a definite shape and a definite volume. topsolid rocket boosters - Solid rocket boosters use a propellant/fuel in solid form. Two solid rocket boosters enable the shuttle to reach Earth orbit. topsolute - The solute is the dissolved component of a solution. The solute is usually, but not always, present in a smaller amount than the solvent. topsolution - A solution is a mixture in which the components are evenly mixed so that every part of the mixture is the same as any other. topsolvent - The solvent is the component of a solution that dissolves one or more solutes. topsound - Sound is a form of energy produced and transmitted by vibrating objects. topsound wave - A sound wave is a series of compressions and rarefactions traveling through a substance. topspace - Space is everything in the universe from where the Earth's atmosphere ends (about 100 km above the Earth) and beyond. It includes the Moon, planets, other stars, the Milky Way, black holes, and the near-vacuum medium between celestial bodies. topspacecraft - A spacecraft is any vehicle designed for travel into space, such as the space shuttle. topspecific heat - Different materials require different amounts of heat to produce similar changes in their temperatures. In other words, materials have different specific heat capacities, often called, specific heat. The specific heat capacity of a material is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the material 1 degree Celsius. Specific heat capacity can be measured in joules per gram per degree Celsius (J/g ?C). topspectrometer - A spectrometer is a tool that helps scientists study comets.
Guides | NASA eClips
Students utilize a design process to create and evaluate their designs. 

 Download Full Guide 

 NASA Launchpad: In Case of Emergency 

 NASA In Case of Emergency introduces students to NASA technology and how basic laws of motion relate to spacecraft safety. Working in teams, students conduct an experiment and analyze data to explore projectile motion. Then, students are challenged to apply their knowledge to develop a working model of the Orion launch abort system. 

 Download Full Guide 

 NASA Launchpad: Lunar Habitats - Home on the Moon 

 NASA Lunar Habitats - Home on the Moon teaches students about the design of lunar habitats and then as teams explore the mathematical relationships between length, area, and volume by exploring the volume of cubes. Students apply what they have discovered by manipulating the scale of one proposed design for a lunar habitat. Working as a team, students compare the size of the lunar habitat to the size of a one bedroom apartment. 

 Download Full Guide 

 NASA Launchpad: Making Waves 

 NASA Making Waves asks students to organize different energy images into a logical pattern. Working in teams, students investigate and research different sections of the electromagnetic spectrum and share their findings with the class. Students are challenged to apply their knowledge to determine relationships between wave frequency, wavelength and energy of electromagnetic radiation. 

 Download Full Guide 

 NASA Launchpad: Satellite Orbits 

 NASA Satellite Orbits teaches students about the purpose, function, and orbits of satellites. Then, they plot positional data of several satellites to investigate different satellite orbits. Students use a globe and scaling to visualize the orbit and altitude of the International Space Station. Using real-time data, students record, plot, and analyze positional information of different satellites to categorize the satellites' orbits 

 Download Full Guide 

 NASA Launchpad: The Colors of Ice 

 NASA The Colors of Ice introduces students to the topics of polarized light and birefringence. Working in groups, students use polarizing films to examine the crystal structure of ice. They document their results using digital images and organize their work by creating a multimedia presentation. Students apply what they have learned by creating 3D sculptures to be viewed through cross-polarizers. Students analyze cross sections of natural and manmade ice to transfer learning to a real-world application. 

 Download Full Guide
From Struggling in School to ‘Killing It at NASA,’ a VR Dream Come True - Meet JPL Interns | NASA/JPL Edu
I created an AR project, where you look through the HoloLens – looking at the real world – and the 3D model is superimposed on the testbed. So the [testbed team] will shovel through and shape the terrain to match what it’s like on Mars, at InSight’s landing site.Did you know that this was an area that you could work in at JPL before interning here?OnSight was a well known project in the VR/AR space, since it was the first project to use the Microsoft Hololens. I remember being excited to see a panel on the project at the VRLA conference. So when I finally got on board with the team, I was ecstatic. I also realized that there’s room for improvement, and that’s OK. That’s why I'm here as an intern; I can bring in a fresh look.One of the things I did on this project was incorporate physical controllers. My critique when I first started was, "This interface is a bit tricky to use," and if it's challenging for me to use as a millenial, how is this going to be usable for people of all ages? I try to think in terms of accessibility for everybody. Through lots of testing, I realized that people need to be touching things, physical things. That's what OnSight lacked, a physical controller. There were a lot of things that I experimented with, and eventually, it came down to a keyboard that allows you to manipulate the simulated Mars rovers. So now with OnSight, you can drive the [simulated] rovers around with a keyboard controller and possibly in the future, type notes within the application. Previously, you had to tap into the air to use an AR keyboard, and that's not intuitive. I believe we still need to touch the physical world.How has this project compared with other ones that you've done elsewhere?I felt really in my element. And for the first time ever, the imposter-syndrome voice went away. I felt like I could just be myself and actually have a voice to contribute.