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Exoplanets Multimedia - NASA Science
by removing the overwhelming glare of the stars they orbit.Radial VelocityOrbiting planets cause stars to wobble in space, changing the color of the light astronomers observe.Exoplanet light curveAn exoplanet passes in front of its parent star, then passes behind – creating a “light curve” that can be…Marble in the Sky: the Hunt for Another EarthIn this artist's concept, a distant, life-bearing world orbits two stars instead of one, seen from the surface in a…Previous123NextReturn to topThe National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.About NASA's MissionJoin UsHomeNews & EventsMultimediaNASA+MissionsHumans in SpaceEarth & ClimateThe Solar SystemThe UniverseScienceAeronauticsTechnologyLearning ResourcesAbout NASANASA en EspañolFollow NASAMore NASA Social AccountsNASA NewslettersSitemapFor MediaPrivacy PolicyFOIANo FEAR ActOffice of the IGBudget & Annual ReportsAgency Financial ReportsContact NASAAccessibilityPage Last Updated:yesterdayPage Editor:SMD Content EditorsResponsible NASA Official for Science:Dana Bolles
Imagine the Universe!
An effect where light emitted from a distant source appears redshifted because of the expansion of spacetime itself. Compare Doppler effect.
cosmology
The astrophysical study of the history, structure, and dynamics of the universe.
CXO
The Chandra X-ray Observatory. CXO was launched by the Space Shuttle in July 1999, and named for S. Chandrasekhar.

 Tell me more about CXO.

D
dark matter
Name given to the amount of mass whose existence is deduced from the analysis of galaxy rotation curves but which until now, has escaped all detections. There are many theories on what dark matter could be. Not one, at the moment is convincing enough and the question is still a mystery.
de Broglie wavelength (L. de Broglie; 1924)
The quantum mechanical "wavelength" associated with a particle, named after the scientist who discovered it. In quantum mechanics, all particles also have wave characteristics, where the wavelength of a particle is inversely proportional to its momentum and the constant of proportionality is the Planck constant.
Declination
A coordinate which, along with Right Ascension, may be used to locate any position in the sky. Declination is analogous to latitude for locating positions on the Earth, and ranges from +90 degrees to -90 degrees.
deconvolution
An image processing technique that removes features in an image that are caused by the telescope itself rather than from actual light coming from the sky. For example, the optical analog would be to remove the spikes and halos which often appear on images of bright stars because of light scattered by the telescope's internal supports.
density
The ratio between the mass of an object and its volume. In the metric system, density is measured in grams per cubic centimeter (or kilograms per liter); the density of water is 1.0 gm/cm3; iron is 7.9 gm/cm3; lead is 11.3 gm/cm3.
Dewar
A container (akin to a thermos bottle) that keeps cold material cold.
From Stargazers to Starships
21a.    Applying Kepler's Third Law
Optional: Spaceflight to Mars
 21b.     Flight to Mars: How Long? Along what Path?
 21c.     Flight to Mars: Calculations 
 21d.     Flight to Mars: the Return Trip 


22. Frames of Reference: The Basics
 22a     The Aberration of Starlight
 22b     The Theory of Relativity

 22c     Airplane Flight
 22d     Airplane Flight: How high? How fast? (optional)
23. Accelerated Frames of Reference: Inertial Forces
 23a     Frames of Reference: The Centrifugal Force
 23b     Loop-the-Loop (optional)

24a. The Rotating Earth
24b. Rotating Frames of Reference in Space and on Earth
.The Sun and related Physics
                 The Sun--Introduction
          How the Sun produces weather and climate
S-1.     Sunlight and the Earth 
     S-1A.     Weather and the Atmosphere
    S-1B.     Global Climate, Global Wind flow

S-2.     Our View of the Sun
S-3.     The Magnetic Sun
    S-3A.     Interplanetary Magnetic Field Lines

S-4.     The Many Colors of Sunlight
   S-4A.     Experimenting with Colors 
Optional: The Doppler Effect

S-4A-1     
The Velocity of Light
S-4A-2    
Frequency Shifts and the Expanding Universe
S-4A-3    
Rotating Galaxies and Dark Matter 

S-5.     Waves and Photons

Optional series of sections on Quantum Phenomena:
Q-1.     Quantum Physics
Q-2.     The Atomic Structure of Matter
Q-3.     Atomic Energy Levels
Q-4.     Planck's Constant: Radiation from Hot Objects
Q-5.     The Atomic Nucleus and Bohr's Early Model of the Atom
Q-6.     Expansion of the Bohr Model

Q-7.     Wave Mechanics
Q-8.     Quantum Tunneling



S-6.     Seeing the Sun in a New Light
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 There are many standard MODIS data products that scientists are using to study global change. These products are being used by scientists from a 
 variety of disciplines, including oceanography, biology, and atmospheric science. This section provides some detail for each product individually, 
 introducing you to the products, explaining the science behind them, and alerting you to known areas of concern with the data products. Additional 
 information about these products can be obtained by going to the appropriate URL's noted below. Select a data product below for a detailed overview 
 of the product and links to product specific information.
	 
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NASA Ocean Color
PACE will extend and improve upon NASA's 20+ years of global satellite observations of our living ocean, atmospheric aerosols, and clouds and initiate an advanced set of climate-relevant data records. By determining the distribution of phytoplankton, PACE will help assess ocean health. It will also continue key measurements related to air quality and climate. PACE's specific science goals include: extending systematic ocean color, atmospheric aerosol, and cloud data records for Earth system and climate studies; and addressing new and emerging science questions by detecting a broader range of color wavelengths that will provide new and unprecedented detail.
PACE will be the first mission to provide measurements that enable prediction of the âboom-bustâ cycle of fisheries, the appearance of harmful algae, and other factors that affect commercial and recreational industries. PACE will observe clouds and tiny airborne particles that absorb and reflect sunlight, known as aerosols. Many stakeholders rely on these key data to forecast weather, visibility and air quality. And, PACE will observe the ocean, clouds, and aerosols together to better understand their interactions. Ultimately, PACE will provide observations that benefit society in ways that current satellites cannot.

Visit the PACE website

 
 

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Author Lee MohonPosted on October 11, 2023October 11, 2023Categories UncategorizedTags annular eclipse, eclipse, heliophysics, moon, SunLeave a comment on The Solar Eclipse Experience 

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Explore the Night Sky - NASA Science
Acknowledgement: A. MoitinhoView full screen SkymapHubble's Messier CatalogThe objects in Charles Messier’s catalog are nice targets for backyard astronomers with a pair of binoculars or a small telescope and a relatively dark sky.The Messier catalog, begun by astronomer Charles Messier in the 18th Century and revised over the years, includes some of the most fascinating astronomical objects that can be observed from Earth’s Northern Hemisphere.Explore the Messier CatalogM82, or the Cigar galaxy, shines brightly at infrared wavelengths and is remarkable for its star formation activity.NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); Acknowledgment: J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin), M. Mountain (STScI), and P. Puxley (National Science Foundation)Hubble’s Messier Catalog112 ImagesGo To GalleryGo To GalleryHubble's Caldwell CatalogThe Caldwell Catalog goes beyond the work of Charles Messier, offering backyard astronomers more cosmic wonders to explore.In the 1980s, an Englishman named Sir Patrick Moore produced an additional list to highlight more cosmic wonders visible to amateur astronomers. Unlike the Messier catalog, which only features objects that were visible from Charles Messier’s viewing location in Europe, Moore’s Caldwell catalog includes celestial bodies that are found in both the northern and southern skies.Explore the Caldwell CatalogThe Bubble Nebula (Caldwell 11, NGC 7635) is the result of an extremely bright, massive, and short-lived star that shed most of its outer hydrogen and is now fusing helium into heavier elements. The star is about 4 million years old, and in 10 million to 20 million years, it will likely detonate as a supernova.
Glossary | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Radioactive: How we describe some atoms that are unstable. They change into different kinds of atoms and release lots of energy.

Satellite: An object that orbits another object. A moon is actually a satellite. We also say satellite to refer to spacecraft people build that orbit Earth, other planets, moons, asteroids, or other objects out in space. 
Solar flare: A burst of energy and particles from the sun. It releases gases, radiation waves, and magnetic storms.
Solar Panel: A piece of material that can capture sunlight and turn it into electricity. 
Solar system: A set that includes a star and all of the matter that orbits it, including planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other objects.
Solar wind: The constant stream of particles and energy emitted by the sun.

Space weather: The conditions in space that can affect Earth, satellites, and space travel. Space weather is mostly the result of solar wind and solar storms.

Spacecraft: A vehicle used for traveling in space.
Speed of Light: Light is the fastest thing in the universe. It travels 186,282 miles (299,792,458 meters) every second. 
Star: A ball of shining gas, made mostly of hydrogen and helium, held together by its own gravity. Turning hydrogen into helium creates the energy that makes stars shine.

Sun: The star in the center of our solar system.
Supermassive: How we describe objects that have a million times (or more!) mass than our sun.
Supernova: The explosion of a star that makes it as bright as a whole galaxy.
Tectonics: Big movements of Earth’s crust. Tectonics creates mountain ranges, deep sea trenches, volcanoes, and earthquakes that can cause destructive tsunami waves that can cross oceans. 

Ultraviolet: Part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It’s called ultraviolet because the waves are shorter than violet light. We can’t see ultraviolet light with our eyes, but some birds and insects can. Our sun emits ultraviolet radiation, and it can give you a sunburn if you’re outside without sunblock for too long.

Universe: All of space and time, and everything in it. It’s everything ever!
Solar Maximum 2013
During Solar Max, there are many sunspots, prominences, and solar storms (solar flares, and coronal mass ejections), all of which can affect communications and technology on Earth. During solar max there can be hundreds of sunspots, formed when magnetic field lines just below the Sun's surface become twisted and poke through the Solar Photosphere.
Solar storms, generated above these sunspot groups blast huge quantities of EM and particle radiation into the solar system. When headed our way, these storms can disrupt radio communications, compromise electrical power systems, damage sensitive satellite electronics, and degrade their orbits, and cause navigational equipment to make mistakes. Astronauts outside of Earth's protective atmosphere or magnetosphere can be endangered by radiation from these events. The effects of these solar storms reach throughout our entire solar system impacting planets, moons, comets and asteroids, and even the boundaries on the solar system itsself. Fortunately, our planet is protected from the harmful effects of the radiation and plasma by our atmosphere and an invisible magnetic field, our magnetosphere. We are also protected by the many spacecraft, telescopes and scientists who monitor the flow of radiation in space (space weather) in order to provide warning for those of us on Earth; a Space Weather Alert.
 
 

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A typical galaxy like the Milky Way has a magnetic field strength of about 0.000003 Gauss.
 

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Explore the Night Sky - NASA Science
These catalogs of backyard-friendly cosmic targets give information about each object and help you locate it in the night sky. Break out your telescope or binoculars and compare your observations with those of Hubble.Quick FactsThe Ring Nebula, also known as Messier 57, is tilted toward Earth so that we see the ring face-on.The Whirlpool Galaxy, also called Messier 51, is 31 million light-years from Earth.Messier 16, the Eagle Nebula, provided Hubble with one of its most iconic images.Caldwell 104 is just one of about 150 globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy.Hubble's image of Caldwell 6, better known as the Cat’s Eye Nebula, reveals intricate shells of gas and dust.Unable to render the provided sourceTo explore the Skymap, scroll, double click, or pinch/swipe to zoom. Roll over an icon to see the object, click to zero in, and click again for a detailed view. Drag the map to navigate.Background Image: ESA/Gaia/DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acknowledgement: A. MoitinhoView full screen SkymapHubble's Messier CatalogThe objects in Charles Messier’s catalog are nice targets for backyard astronomers with a pair of binoculars or a small telescope and a relatively dark sky.The Messier catalog, begun by astronomer Charles Messier in the 18th Century and revised over the years, includes some of the most fascinating astronomical objects that can be observed from Earth’s Northern Hemisphere.Explore the Messier CatalogM82, or the Cigar galaxy, shines brightly at infrared wavelengths and is remarkable for its star formation activity.NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); Acknowledgment: J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin), M. Mountain (STScI), and P. Puxley (National Science Foundation)Hubble’s Messier Catalog112 ImagesGo To GalleryGo To GalleryHubble's Caldwell CatalogThe Caldwell Catalog goes beyond the work of Charles Messier, offering backyard astronomers more cosmic wonders to explore.In the 1980s, an Englishman named Sir Patrick Moore produced an additional list to highlight more cosmic wonders visible to amateur astronomers.
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Hurricane Matthew knocked out power for more than one million customers as it grazed the coasts of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. 

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What Is the James Webb Space Telescope? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
This light is called infrared radiation, and we can feel it as heat. Firefighters use infrared cameras to see and rescue people through the smoke in a fire. The James Webb Space Telescope will use its infrared cameras to see through dust in our universe. Stars and planets form inside those dust clouds, so peeking inside could lead to exciting new discoveries! It will also be able to see objects (like the first galaxies) that are so far away that the expansion of the universe has made their light shift from visible to infrared!

It wears a "hat" to help block heat and light from the Sun.

This animation shows how the sunshield will unfold when the Webb telescope reaches its home in orbit. Credit: NASA
The Webb telescope’s cameras are sensitive to heat from the Sun. Just like you might wear a hat or a visor to block the Sun from your eyes, Webb has a sunshield to protect its instruments and mirrors. The telescope’s sunshield is about the size of a tennis court. The temperature difference between the sun-facing and shaded sides of the telescope is more than 600 degrees Fahrenheit!

It uses giant, gold-coated mirrors to see the universe.

Engineers inspecting the Webb telescope’s mirrors at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Credit: NASA/Chris Gunn
Space telescopes “see” by using mirrors to collect and focus light from distant stars. (Check out our telescopes page to learn more about how space telescopes work.) The bigger the mirror, the more details the telescope can see. It’s very difficult to launch a giant, heavy mirror into space. So, engineers gave the Webb telescope 18 smaller mirrors that fit together like a puzzle. The mirrors fold up inside the rocket, then unfold to form one large mirror in orbit.
Why are the mirrors gold? A thin layer of gold helps the mirrors reflect infrared light!

It will be hunting for signs of life on other planets.

Could life survive on this faraway planet? Astronomers study the light from stars and planets to see if they might have the ingredients for life. Animation credit: NASA/ESA/Dani Player (STScI), Music credit: Steve Combs
William Bryan - Watch the Skies
The higher the radiant rises into the sky, the more meteors you are likely to see.
Find the darkest place you can and give your eyes about 30 minutes to adapt to the dark. Avoid looking at your cell phone, as it will disrupt your night vision. Lie flat on your back and look straight up, taking in as much sky as possible. You should soon start to see Geminid meteors!
As the night progresses, the Geminid rate will increase. If you see a meteor, try to trace it backwards. If you end up in the constellation Gemini, there is a good chance you’ve seen a Geminid. The Geminids are best observed in the Northern Hemisphere, but no matter where you are in the world (except Antarctica), some Geminids will be visible.
Good luck and happy viewing!
 

Author William BryanPosted on December 13, 2019Categories MSFC Meteoroid Environment Office, NASATags Geminids meteor shower, meteor, meteor shower, NASALeave a comment on Go Outside and See the Geminids! 

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