vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
Questionable or partially damaged sensors included the camera (later proved to not be functional) and one of the plasma analyzers (RPA). Inoperable experiments included the neutral and ion mass spectrometers and one sensor each on the dust detector and the other plasma analyzer (JPA).

During the Giotto extended mission, the spacecraft flew by the Earth on 2 July 1990 at a distance of 16,300 km at 10:01:18 UTC. This was the first encounter of Earth by a spacecraft coming from deep space. During the encounter, observations were made of the Earth's magnetic field and energetic particles. Giotto obtained a gravitational assist from this flyby and successfully encountered Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup on July 10, 1992. The closest approach was 200 km at a relative velocity of 13.99 km/s. The heliocentric distance of the spacecraft was 1.01 AU, and the geocentric distance, 1.43 AU at the time of the encounter. The payload was switched on in the evening of July 9. Eight experiments were operated and provided a surprising wealth of exciting data. The Johnstone Plasma Analyser detected the first presence of cometary ions 600,000 km from the nucleus at 12 hours before the closest approach. The Dust Impact Detectors reported the first impact of a fairly large particle at 15:30:56. Bow shocks/waves and acceleration regions were also detected.

On 23 July 1992 Giotto operations were officially terminated after completion of final orbit adjustments and configuration of the spacecraft for its third hibernation. Only 1 to 7 kg of fuel is left on board, insufficient for any extensive future maneuvers. Giotto flew by the Earth on 1 July 1999 at a closest approach of about 219,000 km at approximately 02:40 UT (10:40 p.m. EDT, 30 June). The spacecraft was moving at about 3.5 km/sec relative to Earth.
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
The orbit has changed in the past but the perihelion has been within 10 AU for at least 300,000 years. The nucleus is estimated to be roughly 14 km long and 4 km wide. The perihelion occurs on 5 July 2005, the day after the encounter. The comet was discovered on 3 April 1867 by Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel and was first recognized to be periodic in May of that year by C. Bruhns.

Comet Hartley 2

Comet 103P/Hartley, commonly known as Hartley 2, is a periodic comet which takes 6.46 years to orbit the Sun. Its semi-major axis is 3.46 AU with a perihelion distance of 1.05 AU and a perihelion date of 28 October 2010, 7 days before encounter. Its orbit is inclined 13.6 degrees to the ecliptic. The elongated nucleus is about 2 km long by 0.5 km wide. It was discovered by Malcolm Hartley on 15 March 1986.Alternate Names28517DIFDeep ImpactDeep Impact Flyby SpacecraftDeepImpactEPOXIurn:nasa:pds:context:instrument_host:spacecraft.difFacts in BriefLaunch Date: 2005-01-12Launch Vehicle: Delta IILaunch Site: Cape Canaveral, United StatesMass: 650 kgNominal Power: 620 WFunding AgencyNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States)DisciplinePlanetary ScienceAdditional InformationLaunch/Orbital information for Deep Impact/EPOXITelecommunications information for Deep Impact/EPOXIExperiments on Deep Impact/EPOXIData collections from Deep Impact/EPOXI
 Questions and comments about this spacecraft can be directed to:
 Dr. David R. Williams PersonnelNameRoleOriginal AffiliationE-mailDr. Michael F. A'HearnMission Principal InvestigatorUniversity of MarylandDr. Tim LarsonProject ManagerNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratorytimothy.w.larson@nasa.govSelected ReferencesBelton, M. J. S., and M. F. A'Hearn, Deep sub-surface exploration of cometary nuclei,
 Adv.
Glossary | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Puede contener más de un billón de cuerpos helados. Los cometas con periodos largos (que tardan más de 200 años en dar la vuelta al sol) provienen de la Nube de Oort. 

Órbita: El trayecto curvado que realiza un planeta, satélite o nave espacial a medida que circula alrededor de otro objeto.
Capa de ozono: Una parte de la atmósfera terrestre que absorbe mucha de la radiación ultravioleta del sol. Está compuesta de un gas denominado ozono, el cual es una molécula de tres átomos de oxígeno. 
Partícula: Una pequeña cantidad o trozo pequeño de algo. 
Planeta: Un cuerpo de gran tamaño en el espacio exterior que circula alrededor del sol o de otra estrella. 
Púlsar: Un objeto que, por lo que se cree, es una estrella de neutrones que rota de manera rápida. Libera impulsos cortos de ondas radiales y otra radiación electromagnética.
Cuásar: Área compacta en el centro de una galaxia masiva, que se encuentra alrededor de un agujero negro supermasivo. Son unos de los objectos más brillantes del universo y se los puede observar a través de todo el espectro electromagnético.

Radiación: La energía o partículas que se liberan de fuentes como materiales radioactivos, explosiones, y reacciones químicas. Esto incluye las ondas de energía en el espectro electromagnético.

Ondas radiales: Forman parte del espectro electromagnético. Las ondas radiales se encuentran alrededor de nosotros aquí en la Tierra y también en el espacio exterior.
Missions - NASA Science
It ended its 16-year observing run in January 2020.This is the animated storybook tale of the Spitzer spacecraft and its exploits as part of the space telescope superteam known as NASA’s Great Observatories, which also includes Hubble, Chandra and Compton. With its special power to see infrared light, Spitzer revealed a whole side of the universe that had been hidden from our view.NASA/JPL-CaltechTaking the baton: TESSThe Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) picked up where Kepler and K2 left off, again conducting a grand survey of the sky. But while Kepler in a sense drilled core-samples into the heavens – taking deep, penetrating looks into small patches – TESS's star pictures are painted in broad strokes. TESS is conducting a nearly all-sky survey in sequential segments, first the dome of stars that would be seen from the Southern Hemisphere, then the Northern. Its mission is to find planets around brighter, closer stars, again by searching for shadows: the incredibly tiny subtraction of light from a star when a planet crosses in front of it.During its 4-year prime mission, Kepler was a statistical transit survey designed to determine the frequency of Earth-sized planets around other stars. Kepler revealed thousands of exoplanets orbiting stars in its 115 square degree field-of view, which covered about 0.25 percent of the sky. While Kepler was revolutionary in its finding that Earth-to-Neptune-sized planets are common, the bulk of the stars in the Kepler field lie at distances of hundreds to thousands of light-years, making it difficult to obtain ground-based follow-up observations for many systems.TESS is designed to survey more than 85% of the sky (an area of sky 400 times larger than covered by Kepler) to search for planets around nearby stars (within about 200 light-years). TESS stars are typically 30-100 times brighter than those surveyed by Kepler.
NASA - NSSDCA - Data Collection - Details
Volumes 25 and 26 comprise the in situ observations made by the various spacecraft (Giotto, Suisei, Sakigake, Vega 1, and Vega 2, and ICE (ISEE-3)) sent to intercept comets Halley and Giacobini-Zinner. The various IHW disciplines (astrometry, infrared, large-scale phenomena, near-nucleus studies, photometry/polarimetry, spectroscopy/spectrophotometry, radio, amateur observations, and meteor studies) are all represented in the data set. The data are provided with FITS headers and PDS labels, both separate from the data files.

The data are available on-line at: https://pds-smallbodies.astro.umd.edu/data_sb/missions/ihw/index.shtmlAlternate NamesPDS Internat'l Halley Watch ArchiveGIO-C-DID-3-RDR-HALLEY-V1.0GIO-C-GRE-3-RDR-HALLEY-V1.0GIO-C-HMC-3-RDR-HALLEY-V1.0GIO-C-IMS-3-RDR-HERS-HALLEY-V1.0GIO-C-IMS-3-RDR-HIS-HALLEY-V1.0GIO-C-JPA-4-DDR-MERGE-V1.0GIO-C-MAG-4-RDR-8SEC-HALLEY-V1.0GIO-C-OPE-3-RDR-HALLEY-V1.0GIO-C-PIA-3-RDR-HALLEY-V1.0ICE-C-EPAS-3-RDR-GIACOBIN-ZIN-V1.0ICE-C-MAG-3-RDR-GIACOBIN-ZIN-V1.0ICE-C-PLAWAV-3-RDR-ESP-GIACOBIN-ZIN-V1.0ICE-C-PLAWAV-3-RDR-MSP-GIACOBIN-ZIN
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details

Saturday, 25 May 2024

SuiseiNSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1985-073ADescriptionSuisei (the Japanese name meaning `Comet') was launched on August 18, 1985 into heliocentric orbit to fly by Comet P/Halley. It is identical to Sakigake apart from its payload: a CCD UV imaging system and a solar wind instrument. The main objective of the mission was to take UV images of the hydrogen corona for about 30 days before and after Comet Halley's descending crossing of the ecliptic plane. Solar wind parameters were measured for a much longer time period. The spacecraft is spin-stabilized at two different rates (5 and 0.2 rpm). Hydrazine thrusters are used for attitude and velocity control; star and sun sensors are for attitude control; and a mechanically despun off-set parabolic dish is used for long range communication. Suisei began UV observations in Nov. 1985, generating up to 6 images/day. The spacecraft encountered Comet P/Halley at 151,000 km on sunward side during March 8, 1986, suffering only 2 dust impacts. Fifteen burns of Suisei's 3 N motors over 5--10th of April 1987 yielded a 65 m/s velocity increase for a 60,000 km Earth gravity assist swingby on August 20, 1992, although the craft was then lost behind the Sun for the summer. The hydrazine was depleted on 22 February 1991. Preliminary tracking indicated a 900,000 km flyby had been achieved. ISAS had decided during 1987 to guide Suisei to a Nov. 24, 1998 encounter with P/Giacobini-Zinner, but due to depletion of the hydrazine, this, as well as plans to fly within several million kilometers of Comet P/Tempel-Tuttle on Feb. 28, 1998 has been cancelled.
NASA Selects 2 Missions to Study ‘Lost Habitable’ World of Venus - NASA
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Do | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Construye un Abanico Terráqueo

 Hay mucho bajo la superficie 
do

Molinete de la galaxia del Molinete

 Sopla sobre el molinete y ¡mira cómo gira la galaxia! 
do

Papel de sol

 ¡Diversión con el Sol! 
do

Cometa en un palito

 Realizarás tu propio cometa ¡que puede volar por el salón! 
do

¡Haz un vitral de la Tierra!

do

¡Construye tu propia sonda espacial!

 ¡Construye tu propio satélite! 
do

Las aves y el radar

 ¿Cómo puede la NASA ayudarnos a aprender sobre la migración de las aves? 
do

¡Haz un proyecto para la feria de ciencias! 

 La curiosidad es la clave. 
do

Prepara galletas de luna 

 Para la Luna Nueva, tienes que comer todo el relleno crema. 
do

¿Qué es una lluvia de meteoritos?

 ¿Lo que provoca una lluvia de meteoros? 
explore

Museos: convertirse en socio de la NASA

 ��nete a la NASA Museum Alliance! 
do

Los iones en acción

 ¡Pongamos los iones a trabajar! 
do

¡Disfruta de una super audición con el Super Cono Sonoro!

 Oiga pequeños sonidos que nunca has notado. 
do

¡Haz asteroides comestibles!

 Realiza deliciosas papas que se parecen a los asteroides. 
do

¡"Mira" dentro de una caja cerrada!

 Vea como funciona el radar. 
do

¡Haz un mapa topográfico!

 Construye tu propia montaña y haz un mapa topográfico de ella. 
do
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Education News & Blogs – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Article 18 Maneras en Que la NASA Usa Pi Pi nos lleva lejos en la NASA. Estas son solo algunas de las formas en que pi nos ayuda a explorar el espacio. Related Lessons for Educators Lesson Collisions in Space Students predict and observe what happens when two objects collide to model collisions in space. Grades K-4 Time 30 min to 1 hour Lesson Moon Phases Students learn about the phases of the moon by acting them out. Grades 1-6 Time 30 min to 1 hour Lesson Modeling an Asteroid Lead a discussion about asteroids and their physical properties, then have students mold their own asteroids out of clay. Grades 3-5 Time 30 min to 1 hour Lesson Math Rocks: A Lesson in Asteroid Dynamics Students use math to investigate a real-life asteroid impact. Grades 8-12 Time 30 min to 1 hour Lesson Modeling Crustal Folds Students use playdough to model how Earth’s crust is bent and folded by tectonic plates over geologic time. Grades 6-12 Time 30 min to 1 hour Lesson Making Topographic Maps Students draw and interpret topographic maps while learning about technology used to map Earth's surface, the seafloor, and other worlds. Grades 6-12 Time 30 min to 1 hour Lesson Code a Radio Message for Space Students code microcontrollers to send and receive radio signals, simulating communications between Earth and spacecraft. Grades 6-12 Time 30 min to 1 hour Related Activities for Students Student Project Draw Your Own Psyche Spacecraft Follow these easy instructions to draw and decorate your own model of the Psyche spacecraft. Type Project Subject Engineering Slideshow What's That Space Rock? Find out how to tell the difference between asteroids, comets, meteors, meteorites and other bodies in our solar system. Type Slideshow Subject Science Facts and Figures Asteroids Overview Didymos In Depth Websites NISAR Mission CADRE Project Psyche Mission DART Mission Asteroid Watch Articles How NASA Studies and Tracks Asteroids Near and Far NASA Cat Video Explained Article for Kids: Asteroid or Meteor: What's the Difference? Article for Kids: What Is an Asteroid? Videos The Video NASA’s Laser Communications Experiment Streamed From Deep Space NASA's DART Mission Confirms Crashing Spacecraft into Asteroids Can Deflect Them Interactives Eyes on Asteroids
StarChild: Glossary
A crash or forceful joining together.
COMET
A big ball of dirty ice and snow in outer space.
COSMONAUT
An astronaut from the former Soviet Union or present day Russia.
CRATER
A hole caused by an object hitting the surface of a planet or moon.
D
DEBRIS
Broken, scattered remains; rubble; pieces of rubbish or litter.
DETECT
To discover something which is hidden or unknown.
E
ELLIPTICAL
Shaped like an egg that has ends which are equal.
ENERGY
The power to do work.
ENVIRONMENT
 Everything that surrounds anything.
EXPAND
To make larger.
F
FRAGMENT
A broken piece of something.
FUEL
Anything that is burned to give heat or power.
G
GALAXY
A giant collection of gas, dust, and millions or billions of stars.
GAMMA-RAY
An invisible form of energy that is given off by atoms.
GAP
An empty space.
GAS
A form of matter which is not a liquid or a solid. A gas will spread out to fill up all 
of the space that is open to it.
GRAVITY
The invisible force between objects that makes objects attract each other.
GRAVITATIONAL PULL
The attraction that one object has for another object due to the 
invisible force of gravity.
H
HURRICANE
A very, very strong windstorm where the wind blows in circles at more 
than 46 kilometers per hour. Heavy rains often come with the winds.
I
J
K
KILOMETER
1,000 meters. A kilometer equals 0.6214 miles.
L
LIGHT YEAR
The distance light can travel in one year, which is 9,500,000,000,000 
kilometers.
LUNAR MODULE
The section of the Apollo spacecraft designed to land on the Moon.
LUNAR ROVER
The car-like vehicle used by Apollo astronauts while exploring the Moon's 
surface.
M
MASS
The amount of matter in an object.
MATTER
What all things are made of.
METEOR
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NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
On 23 July 1992 Giotto operations were officially terminated after completion of final orbit adjustments and configuration of the spacecraft for its third hibernation. Only 1 to 7 kg of fuel is left on board, insufficient for any extensive future maneuvers. Giotto flew by the Earth on 1 July 1999 at a closest approach of about 219,000 km at approximately 02:40 UT (10:40 p.m. EDT, 30 June). The spacecraft was moving at about 3.5 km/sec relative to Earth.

Spacecraft image for illustrative purposes - not necessarily in the public domain.Alternate Names15875urn:esa:psa:context:instrument_host:spacecraft.gioFacts in BriefLaunch Date: 1985-07-02Launch Vehicle: ArianeLaunch Site: Kourou, French GuianaMass: 582.7 kgNominal Power: 196 WFunding AgencyEuropean Space Agency (International)DisciplinesPlanetary ScienceSpace PhysicsAdditional InformationLaunch/Orbital information for GiottoTelecommunications information for GiottoExperiments on GiottoData collections from Giotto
 Questions and comments about this spacecraft can be directed to:
 Dr. David R. Williams PersonnelNameRoleOriginal AffiliationE-mailDr. Ruedeger ReinhardProject ScientistESA-European Space Research and Technology Centrereinhard@so.estec.esa.nlMr. David DaleProject ManagerESA-European Space Research and Technology CentreSelected ReferencesReinhard, R., The Giotto project,
 in The Giotto Mission--Its Scientific Investigations, ESA SP-1077, edited by R. Reinhard and B. Battrick, pp. xi-xxv, Mar. 1986.Reinhard, R., The Giotto encounter with comet Halley,
 Nature, 321, No. 6067, 313-318, doi:10.1038/321313a0, May 1986.Nye, H. R., Giotto: Post-encounter status assessment,
 ESA J., 12, No. 2, 209-228, 1988.Halley Information/Data at NSSDCA

Giotto Halley data on CD-ROM
More on the International Halley Watch CD-ROMs
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