vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
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Science | Terra

Science – Terra

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NASA | 
    Earth Observatory | 
    
    Terra in Visible Earth

            The EOS Flagship        
 

About

Mission
Terra Instruments

ASTER
CERES
MISR
MODIS
MOPITT

Science

Applications
Atmosphere
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems
Climate Variability and Change
Earth’s Surface & Interior
Water & Energy Cycle
Weather

Data

ASTER Data
CERES Data
MISR Data
MODIS Data
MOPITT Data

Multimedia

TERRA Images
Videos
Podcasts

News
Resources

For Data Users
For Educators
For Everyone
All Resources

Leadership

Dr. Kurtis Thome
Dr. David J. Diner
Dr. James R. Drummond
Dr. Michael D. King
Mr. Michael J. Abrams
Dr. Norman G. Loeb
Dr. Si-Chee Tsay
Mr. Robert Wolfe
Mr. Wynn J. Watson
Dr. Nyssa Rayne

☰ Main MenuAbout
      Mission
      Terra Instruments
            ASTER
            CERES
            MISR
            MODIS
            MOPITT
Science
      Applications
      Atmosphere
      Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems
      Climate Variability and Change
      Earth’s Surface & Interior
      Water & Energy Cycle
      Weather
Data
      ASTER Data
      CERES Data
      MISR Data
      MODIS Data
      MOPITT Data
Multimedia
      TERRA Images
      Videos
      Podcasts
News
Resources
      For Data Users
      For Educators
      For Everyone
      All Resources
Leadership
      Dr. Kurtis Thome
      Dr. David J. Diner
      Dr. James R. Drummond
      Dr. Michael D. King
      Mr. Michael J. Abrams
      Dr. Norman G. Loeb
      Dr. Si-Chee Tsay
      Mr. Robert Wolfe
      Mr. Wynn J. Watson
      Dr. Nyssa Rayne

Terra Instruments:
 

ASTER

CERES

MISR

MODIS

MOPITT

Science
Applications
Atmosphere
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems
Climate Variability and Change
Earth’s Surface & Interior
Water & Energy Cycle
Weather

Features

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As the Flagship Earth Observing Satellite, Terra  was the first satellite to look at Earth system science, collecting  multiple types of data dedicated to various areas of Earth science.  Scientists are able to document relationships between Earth’s systems and examine their connections. In addition, Terra data has many applications that help people everyday.
How is Earth changing and what are the consequences for life on Earth? This question drives Terra science in each of NASA’s six broad focus areas:
Atmospheric Composition
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems
Climate Variability and Change
Earth’s Surface and Interior
Water and Energy Cycle
Weather
 
 

 

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Glossary | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Aurora boreal: Resplandores brillantes y bandas luminosas que aparecen en el cielo durante la noche, cerca del Polo Norte. También se las denomina las luces del norte.
Agujero negro: Un lugar en el espacio del que la materia y la luz no se pueden escapar si caen dentro.
Cometa: Una roca helada que libera gas y polvo, que puede formar colas cuando vuela cerca de un sol. 

Constelación: Un grupo de estrellas en el cielo. A menudo reciben el nombre de un animal, objeto o persona. Las estrellas forman determinados patrones, según dónde estés ubicado. Nosotros tenemos una vista de las estrellas aquí en la Tierra, pero desde otro sistema solar u otra galaxia, las constelaciones se verían de otra manera. 
Corona: La atmósfera exterior de una estrella. 

Cráter: Una abolladura grande en el suelo, con forma de cuenco. Pueden ser provocadas por una explosión o por el impacto de un meteorito. 
Planeta enano: Objetos que están alrededor y orbitan el sol, tal como lo hacen los planetas. Pero a diferencia de los planetas, estos no pueden despejar su camino alrededor del sol. Eso significa que hay otros objetos que orbitan casi a la misma distancia del sol. Un planeta enano es mucho más pequeño que un planeta (más pequeño incluso que la luna de la Tierra), pero no es una luna. Plutón es el planeta enano más conocido.

El Niño: Un fenómeno climático que a veces se produce en el océano Pacífico. Es tan grande que afecta al clima en todas partes del mundo.
9- by 15-Foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel
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World of Change: Mountaintop Mining, West Virginia
The natural landscape of the area is dark green forested mountains, creased by streams and indented by hollows. The active mining areas appear off-white, while areas being reclaimed with vegetation appear light green. A pipeline roughly bisects the images from north to south. The town of Madison, lower right, lies along the banks of the Coal River.
In 1984, the mining operation is limited to a relatively small area west of the Coal River. The mine first expands along mountaintops to the southwest, tracing an oak-leaf-shaped outline around the hollows of Big Horse Creek and continuing in an unbroken line across the ridges to the southwest. Between 1991 and 1992, the mine moves north, and the impact of one of the most controversial aspects of mountaintop mining—rock and earth dams called valley fills—becomes evident.
The law requires coal operators to try to restore the land to its approximate original shape, but the rock debris generally can’t be securely piled as high or graded as steeply as the original mountaintop. There is always too much rock left over, and coal companies dispose of it by building valley fills in hollows, gullies, and streams. Between 1991 and 1992, this leveling and filling in of the topography becomes noticeable as the mine expands northward across a stream valley called Stanley Fork (image center). 
The most dramatic valley fill that appears in the series, however, is what appears to be the near-complete filling of Connelly Branch from its source to its mouth at the Mud River between 1996 and 2000. Since 2004, the mine has expanded from the Connelly Branch area to the mountaintops north of the Mud River. Significant changes are apparent to the ridges and valleys feeding into Berry Branch by 2009. The images from 2013 and 2015 show some green-up of restored lands. The images also show expanded operations in the southwest and northeast. Over the 31-year period, the disturbed area grew to more than 10,000 acres (15.6 square miles).
According to a report from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, nearly 40 percent of the year-round and seasonal streams in the Mud River watershed upstream of and including Connelly Branch had been filled or approved for filling through 1998.
Modeling the Hawaiian Shoreline - NASA
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PDFs of Space Place activities | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
You get to create your own full view of our planet as if it were seen from space—something that was not achieved until the 20th century.
Download Stained Glass Earth PDF
View Stained Glass Earth Activity

Make an Earth mask! Learn more about Earth with our planet mask activity.
Download Earth Mask Activity PDF
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Make a pastel aurora! In this activity, you can make your own colorful aurora with oil pastels.
Download Pastel Aurora Activity PDF
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Make an Earth fan! To remember that Earth is much more than just the surface we see every day, make this Earth layer fan.
Download Earth Fan Activity PDF
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Build your own birdseed wreath! Birds will love this simple bird feeder!
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Make a cloud mobile! This mobile of beautiful, feather-weight clouds is balanced so that any gentle breeze sends them turning and twisting. Some are rain clouds, dropping sparkling showers below.
But it's not just a pretty work of art. The shapes represent certain types of clouds.
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Whip up some El Niño pudding! You have probably heard people blame "El Niño" for everything from bad weather to lost homework. Now we are going to "blame El Niño" for inspiring a delicious and colorful dessert!
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Get your gummy greenhouse gases! Got gumdrops? Then you can build models of molecules. Molecules are tiny structures that make up just about all matter—including you! Molecules themselves are made of atoms, the basic building blocks of matter.
Using just four kinds of atoms as building blocks, you can construct many different types of molecules. In this project, you will build models of some gas molecules. These kinds of gas molecules are part of the air. They are called greenhouse gases. 
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Make Oreo Moon phases!
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems | Terra
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems | Terra

Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems – Terra

↓ Skip to Main Content

NASA | 
 Earth Observatory | 
 
 Terra in Visible Earth

 The EOS Flagship 
 

About

Mission
Terra Instruments

ASTER
CERES
MISR
MODIS
MOPITT

Science

Applications
Atmosphere
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems
Climate Variability and Change
Earth’s Surface & Interior
Water & Energy Cycle
Weather

Data

ASTER Data
CERES Data
MISR Data
MODIS Data
MOPITT Data

Multimedia

TERRA Images
Videos
Podcasts

News
Resources

For Data Users
For Educators
For Everyone
All Resources

Leadership

Dr. Kurtis Thome
Dr. David J. Diner
Dr. James R. Drummond
Dr. Michael D. King
Mr. Michael J. Abrams
Dr. Norman G. Loeb
Dr. Si-Chee Tsay
Mr. Robert Wolfe
Mr. Wynn J. Watson
Dr. Nyssa Rayne

☰ Main MenuAbout
      Mission
      Terra Instruments
            ASTER
            CERES
            MISR
            MODIS
            MOPITT
Science
      Applications
      Atmosphere
      Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems
      Climate Variability and Change
      Earth’s Surface & Interior
      Water & Energy Cycle
      Weather
Data
      ASTER Data
      CERES Data
      MISR Data
      MODIS Data
      MOPITT Data
Multimedia
      TERRA Images
      Videos
      Podcasts
News
Resources
      For Data Users
      For Educators
      For Everyone
      All Resources
Leadership
      Dr. Kurtis Thome
      Dr. David J. Diner
      Dr. James R. Drummond
      Dr. Michael D. King
      Mr. Michael J. Abrams
      Dr. Norman G. Loeb
      Dr. Si-Chee Tsay
      Mr. Robert Wolfe
      Mr. Wynn J. Watson
      Dr. Nyssa Rayne

Terra Instruments:
 

ASTER

CERES

MISR
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Rare Juniper Trail
The long tap root collects moisture from deep in the ground, peripheral roots collect surface moisture, and the leaves are tightly bound in the twigs which reduce moisture loss.
8. Recovering Farmed Area
The field of rabbit brush to the south of the trail is an area that was farmed up until 1972. The few small Joshua trees in this area were planted in an effort to restore the area back to its original condition.Juniper seeds rarely germinate in open land, however germination may be instigated by passing through the digestive tract of native animals. The dozen or so junipers in the field were probably germinated from seeds from coyote droppings. Rodents may also carry the seeds. We have never observed a juniper seedling underneath a juniper.The trail passes a colony of scarlet bugler wildflowers.
9. The Illusion of an Ordinary California Juniper
As we approach this tree, it appears much like the other junipers in this woodland. But as we step around to the west side of the tree, we are treated with the sight of a tree growing a surprising distance from its roots.
10. "Big Mama" Study Specimen
There are about nine trees in this area which prolifically produce berries, with this one producing the most. It is also nearly the largest in this woodland with 15 trunks, earning it the nickname "Big Mama." For unknown reasons, few female trees in this woodland produce many berries. However, from our observations there are few "seed" trees in other juniper woodlands as well.In winter, male caones and female reactors form. Wind distributes the pollen, and the berries that form in March and April will stay on the tree until August or September of the following year. So, between March and August of any year there will be two berry crops on the trees simultaneously.Local Indians harvested the berries in August and pounded them to remove the flesh. It was eaten raw, or they dried and ground it to use in their bread or mush.
We hope you have enjoyed your walk through this Joshua tree/California juniper woodland.
Dr. Si-Chee Tsay | Terra
Dr. Si-Chee Tsay | Terra

Dr. Si-Chee Tsay – Terra

↓ Skip to Main Content

NASA | 
 Earth Observatory | 
 
 Terra in Visible Earth

 The EOS Flagship 
 

About

Mission
Terra Instruments

ASTER
CERES
MISR
MODIS
MOPITT

Science

Applications
Atmosphere
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems
Climate Variability and Change
Earth’s Surface & Interior
Water & Energy Cycle
Weather

Data

ASTER Data
CERES Data
MISR Data
MODIS Data
MOPITT Data

Multimedia

TERRA Images
Videos
Podcasts

News
Resources

For Data Users
For Educators
For Everyone
All Resources

Leadership

Dr. Kurtis Thome
Dr. David J. Diner
Dr. James R. Drummond
Dr. Michael D. King
Mr. Michael J. Abrams
Dr. Norman G. Loeb
Dr. Si-Chee Tsay
Mr. Robert Wolfe
Mr. Wynn J. Watson
Dr. Nyssa Rayne

☰ Main MenuAbout
      Mission
      Terra Instruments
            ASTER
            CERES
            MISR
            MODIS
            MOPITT
Science
      Applications
      Atmosphere
      Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems
      Climate Variability and Change
      Earth’s Surface & Interior
      Water & Energy Cycle
      Weather
Data
      ASTER Data
      CERES Data
      MISR Data
      MODIS Data
      MOPITT Data
Multimedia
      TERRA Images
      Videos
      Podcasts
News
Resources
      For Data Users
      For Educators
      For Everyone
      All Resources
Leadership
      Dr. Kurtis Thome
      Dr. David J. Diner
      Dr. James R. Drummond
      Dr. Michael D. King
      Mr. Michael J. Abrams
      Dr. Norman G. Loeb
      Dr. Si-Chee Tsay
      Mr. Robert Wolfe
      Mr. Wynn J. Watson
      Dr. Nyssa Rayne

Terra Instruments:
Moon - NASA Science
About earth's moonSmall CompanionThe Moon is about 27% the size of Earth.Tidally LockedWe always see the same side of the Moon.Battered TerrainThe Moon has a solid, rocky surface.Bring a SpacesuitThere's no rain or wind, but there is weather. Destination Moon24 humans and more than 100 robots visited.OverviewEarth's Moon is the brightest and largest object in our night sky. The Moon makes Earth a more livable planet by moderating our home planet's wobble on its axis, leading to a relatively stable climate. It also causes tides, creating a rhythm that has guided humans for thousands of years.The Moon was likely formed after a Mars-sized body collided with Earth several billion years ago.Earth's only natural satellite is simply called "the Moon" because people didn't know other moons existed until Galileo Galilei discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. In Latin, the Moon was called Luna, which is the main adjective for all things Moon-related: lunar.Featured VideoMoon Phases 2024This visualization shows the Moon's phase at hourly intervals throughout 2024, as viewed from the Northern Hemisphere. About Moon PhasesThis visualization shows the Moon's phase at hourly intervals throughout 2024, as viewed from the Northern Hemisphere. Explore the MoonTop Questions about Earth's MoonWhy can I see the Moon during the day? And other frequently asked questions about our Moon.Read MoreSupermoonsWhen the full moon is a little bit closer to us than usual, it appears especially large and bright in the sky.Read MoreWeather on the MoonWhat does “weather” mean on a world with practically no atmosphere? Explore extreme lunar surface conditions here.Read MoreUncovering Lunar WaterThere’s water on the Moon.
What's in the Atmosphere? | NASA Climate Kids
What's in the Atmosphere? | NASA Climate Kids

Jason-3
NASA's Jason-3 satellite measures sea level, wind speed and wave height for more than 95 percent of Earth's ice-free ocean. It helps scientists track Earth's rising seas and enables more accurate weather, ocean and climate forecasts.

Keep scrolling. There's one more NASA satellite out there!

Did you know other planets have atmospheres, too? In fact, Mercury is the only planet in our solar system without an atmosphere!

There are so few gas particles in the exosphere that they almost never bump into each other.

Suomi-NPP Satellite
The Suomi-NPP satellite orbits Earth approximately 14 times per day collecting information about long-term climate change and short-term weather conditions.

A-Train satellite constellation
NASA's A-Train satellite constellation orbits Earth like a train on a "track" 438 miles (705 kilometers) above Earth's surface. Each satellite orbits only minutes or seconds behind the satellite in front of it. The satellites and their scientific instruments work together to examine aspects of land, water and air on Earth.

Exosphere
The exosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, which separates the atmosphere from outer space.

Did you ever wonder what atmospheric pressure is? Each layer of our atmosphere weighs down on the layer below it. If you're on a mountaintop or in an airplane, you experience lower atmospheric pressure than if you're at sea level.

The ionosphere is a very active part of the atmosphere. It grows and shrinks depending on the energy it absorbs from the Sun.

Did you know that only a small part of Earth's atmosphere is breathable air? If Earth were the size of a beach ball, the breathable atmosphere wrapped around it would be as thin as paper.

International Space Station (ISS)
The International Space Station, which hosts an international crew of 6 astronauts, orbits Earth about 16 times a day, or once every 90 minutes. It also is home to science instruments that collect information about Earth and its atmosphere.

Did you ever wonder why the atmosphere doesn't float off into space?