vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
NASA “Wildfire Digital Twin” Pioneers New AI Models and Streaming Data Techniques for Forecasting Fire and Smoke - NASA Science
Credit: Kathleen Clough/San Jose State UniversityWhereas current global models describing the spread of wildfires and smoke have a spatial resolution of about 10 kilometers per pixel, the Wildfire Digital Twin would produce regional ensemble models with a spatial resolution of 10-to-30 meters per pixel, an improvement of two orders of magnitude.These models could be generated in a span of mere minutes. By comparison, current global models can take hours to produce.Models with such high spatial resolution produced at this speed would be immensely valuable to first-responders and wildfire managers trying to observe and contain dynamic burns.Milton Halem, a Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, leads the Wildfire Digital Twin project, which includes a team of more than 20 researchers from six universities.“We want to be able to provide firefighters with useful, timely information,” said Halem, adding that in the field, “there is generally no internet, and no access to big supercomputers, but with our API version of the model, they could run the digital twin not just on a laptop, but even a tablet,” he said.NASA’s FireSense project is focused on leveraging the agency’s unique Earth science and technological capabilities to achieve improved wildfire management across the United States.NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office supports this effort with its newest program element, Technology Development for support of Wildfire Science, Management, and Disaster Mitigation (FireSense Technology), which is dedicated to developing novel observation capabilities for predicting and managing wildfires –including technologies like Earth System Digital Twins.Earth System Digital Twins are dynamic software tools for modeling and forecasting climate events in real time. These tools rely on data sources distributed across multiple domains to create ensemble predictions describing everything from floods to severe weather.In addition to assisting first responders, an Earth System Digital Twin dedicated to modeling wildfires would also be valuable to scientists monitoring wildfire trends globally. In particular, Halem hopes Wildfire Digital Twins will improve our ability to study wildfires across global boreal forests of cold-hardy conifers, which sequester vast amounts of carbon.When these forests burn, all of that carbon is released back into the atmosphere.
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NASA “Wildfire Digital Twin” Pioneers New AI Models and Streaming Data Techniques for Forecasting Fire and Smoke - NASA Science
These tools rely on data sources distributed across multiple domains to create ensemble predictions describing everything from floods to severe weather.In addition to assisting first responders, an Earth System Digital Twin dedicated to modeling wildfires would also be valuable to scientists monitoring wildfire trends globally. In particular, Halem hopes Wildfire Digital Twins will improve our ability to study wildfires across global boreal forests of cold-hardy conifers, which sequester vast amounts of carbon.When these forests burn, all of that carbon is released back into the atmosphere. One study, released in August of 2023, found that boreal wildfires alone accounted for 25% of all global CO2 emissions for that year to date.“The reason CO2 emissions from Boreal wildfires are taking place at an increasing yearly rate is because global warming is rising faster at high latitudes than the rest of the planet, and as a result, boreal summers there are becoming longer,” said Halem. “Whereas the rest of the planet may have warmed one degree Celsius since the pre-industrial revolution, this region has warmed well over two degrees.”Halem’s work builds on other wildfire models, particularly the NASA-Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NUWRF) model, developed by NASA, and WRF-SFIRE, developed by a team of researchers with support from the National Science Foundation. These models simulate phenomena like wind speed and cloud cover, which makes them the perfect foundation for a Wildfire Digital Twin.Specifically, Halem’s team is working on new satellite data assimilation techniques that will blend information from space-based remote sensors into their Wildfire Digital Twin, enabling improved global data forecasts that will be useful for emergencies and science missions alike.In October, Halem’s team participated in the first FireSense field campaign in collaboration with the National Forest Service’s Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE) to observe smoke as it traveled more than 10 miles during a controlled burn in Utah, using a ceilometer. Now the team is feeding that data into their modeling software to help it track plumes more accurately.They’re especially interested in tracking particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers, which are small enough to pass through a person’s lungs and enter the bloodstream.
The Pathway to Fighting Wildfires Found with CCC | California Conservation Corps
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The Pathway to Fighting Wildfires Found with CCC

Placer Center Corpsmember Cecilia Pierce communicates with hand signals during a training hike and cut in Nevada County.

A year ago, Cecilia Pierce was working as a barista in Madera County. Now, she’s one of hundreds of young adults in the California Conservation Corps getting hands-on experience training as a wildland firefighter.
“I always thought this was way out of reach,” Cecilia, a Placer Center Corpsmember, said. “I always learn something new and then I take it on to the next day. I see how much I’m progressing. I’m proud of my success.”
For the last few weeks, she and her crew have been donning their protective gear, sharpening their hand tools, and hitting the trails of Northern California. These are not easy strolls through the woods, these are workouts intended to prepare Corpsmembers for the demanding months ahead on the fireline.
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A fire can become life-threatening in just two minutes. A residence can be engulfed in flames in five minutes.
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Fire is FAST! In less than 30 seconds a small flame can turn into a major fire. It only takes minutes for thick black smoke to fill a house or for it to be engulfed in flames.Fire is HOT! Heat is more threatening than flames. Room temperatures in a fire can be 100 degrees at floor level and rise to 600 degrees at eye level. Inhaling this super-hot air will scorch your lungs and melt clothes to your skin.Fire is DARK! Fire starts bright, but quickly produces black smoke and complete darkness.Fire is DEADLY! Smoke and toxic gases kill more people than flames do.
Water Cycle | Terra
African agricultural fires, a major source of fires globally, are used to increase agricultural productivity and clear land for farming.  Large plumes are formed by these fires, impacting weather and precipitation patterns, while carrying nutrients to land and ocean regions downwind.
Using satellite data from three NASA satellites from varying passover times along with weather records, Michael Tosca and his colleagues from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, assessed how microscopic smoke particles affect the formation of clouds and rainfall in Africa, north of the equator and south of the Saharan Desert.
Using images of smokey areas taken by  the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer instrument (MISR) on-board Terra from 2006 to 2010, Tosca and his colleagues were able to match “each smoky image with a smoke-free scene in statistically identical weather conditions.” From this information they compared the changing cloud cover throughout the day, using data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Aqua, which pass over the same region at later times in the day.
Clouds need small airborne particles, aerosols, to act as a nucleus on which water vapor can condense and form clouds. Black carbon, a common aerosols in African fires, absorbs radiation from the sun and heats up the surrounding air.  When a layer of this soot-filled warm air forms, rising air from Earth’s surface is blocked by the warm layer, causing air from Earth’s surface to spread out horizontally. Rain clouds are produced from air moving up in updrafts and then condensing and falling, a process called convection.  When the air cannot penetrate the soot-filled layer, rain cloud formation is suppressed. “The researchers found that less cloud cover built up throughout the day in smoky scenes than in scenes without smoke.”
The NASA press release is available online at: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4681
The study is available online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL065063/full
Read More on NASA’s Earth Observatory

The North Sea Abloom

Posted on August 13, 2015 by Tassia Owen 
	Posted in News and Events
Wood Products and Bioenergy | CAL FIRE
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 Wood Products and Bioenergy
Maintaining and enhancing the wood products infrastructure of California to support healthy resilient forests along with the people and ecosystems that depend on them.

CAL FIRE's Wood Products and Bioenergy team seeks to maintain and enhance the forest-sector workforce and businesses of California to promote healthy resilient forests throughout the state by supporting a diverse set of business development and workforce development projects.

Eligible business development projects include facilities, operations, and professional services that support the restoration of healthy, resilient forests by offering improvements to the wood products industry.

Eligible workforce development projects include universities, colleges, government and community organizations, and businesses that aim to increase workforce capacity in the fields of logging, fuels treatment, transportation, manufacturing, or other support services that bolster the development of a resilient forest sector workforce.

Research and development projects related to both business and workforce development will also be considered.

The Wood Products Team intends to maintain a continuously open solicitation for Business and Workforce Development Grants as funding availability allows.
Detailed information regarding the solicitation, application process, eligible activities and projects can be found under Grantee Resources below and in the in the Grant Guidelines. 

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Drought Fuels Wildfires in the Amazon
The New York Times (2023, October 17) A Severe Drought Pushes an Imperiled Amazon to the Brink. Accessed October 19, 2023.
SERVIR Amazonia (2023, August 1) July-September 2023 climate forecast points to an above normal fire season in western Amazon. Accessed October 19, 2023.
SERVIR Amazonia Amazon Fire Dashboard. Accessed October 19, 2023.

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Storms brought flooding to Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina in November 2023, continuing a trend of wet weather in the region.

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Large numbers of deforestation-related fires burned in the Amazon rainforest, while uncontrolled wildfires blazed in savanna and grassland ecosystems in central Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay.

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Smoke and Fire in British Columbia
active fire obs https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-global-fire-emissions-gfas?tab=overview https://twitter.com/m_parrington/status/1789632457517531453— Mark Parrington (@m_parrington) May 12, 2024 
The situation echoes 2023, when intense fires also burned in British Columbia in May. Daily fire intensity and carbon emissions from fires in the province have been unusually high so far in May 2024, according to data shared by Mark Parrington, an atmospheric scientist with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). In mid-May, carbon emissions from British Columbia’s wildfires passed 5 megatons since the start of the month, the highest May total for the province in 22 years.
Parrington tracks fire emissions for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) using data from NASA. CAMS provides estimates of near-real-time wildfire emissions using its Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS), which aggregates MODIS observations of fires made by NASA’s Aqua and Terra satellites.
NASA Earth Observatory image by Wanmei Liang, using MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE and GIBS/Worldview. Story by Adam Voiland, with information from Hiren Jethva and Eli Orland.

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Unusually early and intense fires are spreading rapidly amid drought and high winds.
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Whether sparked by lightning, intentional land-clearing, or human-caused accidents, wildland fires are burning longer and more often in some areas as the world warms.

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Associated Press (2024, May 13) A town in western Canada prepares for a possible ‘last stand’ as wildfires rage in British Columbia. Accessed May 13, 2024.
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Other burn permits (LE-5 and LE-7/8) include those for large pile burning, agricultural burns, incinerators, hazardous projects that could cause a fire (such as outdoor welding), and larger controlled applications of fire to the land for fuel reduction purposes. These permits are reviewed by Unit staff and might require a site inspection.  

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NASA “Wildfire Digital Twin” Pioneers New AI Models and Streaming Data Techniques for Forecasting Fire and Smoke - NASA Science
NASA “Wildfire Digital Twin” Pioneers New AI Models and Streaming Data Techniques for Forecasting Fire and Smoke - NASA Science

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June | 2022 | Terra
Meet Dr. Rebecca Buchholz, a MOPITT Project Scientist who has worked at NCAR/UCAR since 2014 and has used MOPITT’s carbon monoxide dataset to study long-term patterns of air pollution transportation, especially that associated with wildfires. In a Scientific American news article last month, Dr. Buchholz summarized her recent research findings (published in Nature Communications) that show a significant increase in Western U.S. wildfire air pollution during the month of August, a new peak that largely negates California’s efforts to reduce annual air pollution. (She also gave Terra’s long data-record a shout-out!)  Read more about her research here!

 

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