vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Bill Text - AB-32 Air pollution: greenhouse gases: California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006.
(b) It is the intent of the Legislature that the statewide greenhouse gas emissions limit continue in existence and be used to maintain and continue reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases beyond 2020. (c) The state board shall make recommendations to the Governor and the Legislature on how to continue reductions of greenhouse gas emissions beyond 2020. PART 4. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS38560. The state board shall adopt rules and regulations in an open public process to achieve the maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective greenhouse gas emission reductions from sources or categories of sources, subject to the criteria and schedules set forth in this part. 38560.5. (a) On or before June 30, 2007, the state board shall publish and make available to the public a list of discrete early action greenhouse gas emission reduction measures that can be implemented prior to the measures and limits adopted pursuant to Section 38562.(b) On or before January 1, 2010, the state board shall adopt regulations to implement the measures identified on the list published pursuant to subdivision (a).(c) The regulations adopted by the state board pursuant to this section shall achieve the maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from those sources or categories of sources, in furtherance of achieving the
	statewide greenhouse gas emissions limit.(d) The regulations adopted pursuant to this section shall be enforceable no later than January 1, 2010.38561. (a) On or before January 1, 2009, the state board shall prepare and approve a scoping plan, as that term is understood by the state board, for achieving the maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from sources or categories of sources of greenhouse gases by 2020 under this division. The state board shall consult with all state agencies with jurisdiction over sources of greenhouse gases, including the Public Utilities Commission and the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission, on all elements of its plan that pertain to energy related matters including, but not limited to, electrical generation, load based-standards or requirements, the provision of reliable and affordable electrical service, petroleum refining, and statewide fuel
Real World: The Carbon Cycle - Essential for Life on Earth | Real World | NASA eClips
My NASA Data Investigating Deforestation Through An Earth Systems View Using Landsat. 6-8 

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 NASA Carbon Quiz. 6-8 

 NASA The Carbon Cycle Game. 6-8 

 NASA Climate Kids The Climate Time Machine. 6-8, 9-12 

 Wisconsin Energy Institute Poker Chip Model: Global Carbon Pools and Fluxes. 6-8 

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 RealWorld: Carbon Cycle -- Essential for Life on Earth, Real World, life, carbon, Earth Day, carbon cycle, processes, systems, ice, oceans, atmosphere, human impact, plants, animals, environment, fuels, climate change, global climate change, hydrophere, biophere, geosphere, ecosystem, producer, respiration, measurement, statistics, probability, instrument, model, observation, predict, computer model, photosynthesis, decay, data, coal, fossil fuels, source pools, carbon dioxide, fast carbon, slow carbon, carbohydrates, plankton, deforestation, satellite data, ICESat-2, GEDI Mission, GEDI, LIDAR, biometry, GLOBE, circumference, clinometer, height, middle school, secondary, science, technology, engineering, math, STEM, education, video, Paul Montesano, Lola Fatoyinbo Agueh, NASA, NASA eClips, eClips, NIA, aerospace, National Institute of Aerospace, systems thinking, STEL4, impacts of technology, STEL5 influence of society on technology, STEL8, technology products, technology systems, SEP1, asking questions, SEP2, model, SEP4, analyze data, SEP6, construct explanations, SEP8, evaluate and communicate information, NGSS MS-LS2-3, NGSS 5-LS201, Science SOL 4.4, LS.6, LS.7 

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Carbon Footprint Calculator | Climate Change | US EPA
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Why Build Your Career in the CCC? | California Conservation Corps
In collaboration with the California Government Operations Agency, the CCC shares the story of Conservationist 1 EnaFaye Nine-Rowe and why she’s building her career with the CCC. 

 

Working at the CCC gives you access to unique rewards and opportunities, for example:

Your work will change lives and help protect the environment
You can work in nature
You can work remotely
You can gain access to a variety of career pathways, including the CCC’s unique Conservationist series
You can visit and transfer to CCC sites across the state
You can earn specialized training to build a unique set of conservationist and/or program management related skills or pursue a broad set of certifications leading to a variety of career advancement opportunities
You will work in an organization—and alongside people—dedicated to personal development, conservation, and public service
You will be able to brag about helping young people become the best they can be while protecting and enhancing California’s natural environment

 

 
 
 
 
 

 

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Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory (EVM-2) | NASA's Earth Observing System
The primary goals of GeoCarb, led by Berrien Moore of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, are to monitor plant health and vegetation stress throughout the Americas, and to probe, in unprecedented detail, the natural sources, sinks and exchange processes that control carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane in the atmosphere. The NASA-directed mission will launch on a hosted satellite to make observations over the Americas from an orbit of approximately 22,000 miles (35,800 kilometers) above the equator.
The GeoCarb instrument views reflected light from Earth through a narrow slit. When the slit is projected onto Earth’s surface, it sees an area measuring about 1,740 miles (2,800 kilometers) from north to south and about 3.7 miles (6 kilometers) from east to west. In comparison, OCO-2’s swath is about 6.2 miles (10 kilometers) wide. GeoCarb stares at that area for about 4-1/2 seconds, then the slit is moved half a slit width -- 1.9 miles, or 3 kilometers -- to the west, allowing for double sampling. With this technique, GeoCarb can scan the entire continental United States in about 2-1/4 hours, and from Brazil to South America’s West Coast in about 2-3/4 hours. It is not designed to observe the oceans, as reflectivity over the oceans is too low to provide useful data. The mission was competitively selected from 15 proposals submitted to the agency's second Earth Venture - Mission announcement of opportunity for small orbital investigations of the Earth system. GeoCarb is the second space-based investigation in the Earth Venture - Mission series of rapidly developed, cost-constrained projects for NASA's Earth Science Division.
 

Key Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory (EVM-2) Facts

Altitude:Distance from sea level.
35786km

Origination:
NASA

Principal Investigator(s):

 Berrien Moore, University of Oklahoma

Other Key Personnel:

 Sean Crowell, University of Oklahoma, Deputy Principle Investigator
 Todd King, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Project Manager

Related Links:

https://www.ou.edu/geocarb
The 2023-24 California Spending Plan: Resources and Environmental Protection
$100 

CPUC = California Public Utilities Commission; DWR = Department of Water Resources; CEC = California Energy Commission; and Go‑Biz = Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development.

Carbon
Capture, Removal, Utilization and Storage Program 
Funds Multiple Departments to Implement New
Requirements. Chapter 359 of 2022 (SB 905, Caballero)
required CARB to establish a Carbon Capture, Removal, Utilization, and
Storage Program to evaluate carbon capture, utilization, or storage
(CCUS) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. These technologies
are in the beginning stages of development in California and CARB has
identified their success as an important factor in the state meeting its
GHG emissions reduction targets. The budget provides the following to
implement SB 905’s requirements:

$3.6 million from the Cost of Implementation Account (COIA) to
CARB for nine three-year positions and consulting services to begin
developing the program and evaluate technologies.
$3.7 million from COIA to DOC for four permanent positions,
consulting services, and data acquisition regarding seismic and geologic
suitability and risk factors for CCUS and CDR. The new positions will
create the Geologic Carbon Sequestration Group, as required by SB 905.
This group will support the development of a regulatory framework and
provide expertise on geologic and seismic issues.

$280,000 from COIA to SWRCB for one permanent position that will
collaborate with CARB to develop and implement a permit application
process and provide expertise to ensure projects consider groundwater
resources.

Stream Gages 
Includes Funding to Reactivate High-Priority Stream
Gages. The spending plan includes $24 million from the
General Fund in 2023‑24, as well as $3 million in 2024‑25, to implement
Chapter 361 of 2019 (SB 19, Dodd). (This final budget agreement
represents an increase from the $5 million over two years that the
Governor had originally proposed.) Senate Bill 19 required interagency
development of a plan to deploy a stream gage network. Stream gages
Technology Transfer and Spinoffs
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NASA's Impact on Our Lives
Discover the impact of NASA's innovations on our daily lives in the 2024 NASA Spinoff edition, featuring eco-friendly food alternatives, pandemic-response ventilators, precision eye surgery, educational coding lessons and more!

	Read the 2024 NASA Spinoff Publication about NASA's Impact on Our Lives

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NASA maintains a portfolio of patents with commercial potential and makes them available to the public via licensing. 

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Patrick Degrosse, engineer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, shows the guts of the ventilator that a team of NASA engineers designed in just over five weeks. The machine uses none of the parts used in traditional ventilators, so as not to compete for supply lines. Over 300 companies registered on the JPL website to learn more about the ventilator, and more than 100 applied for a license.NASA
Bill Text - AB-32 Air pollution: greenhouse gases: California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006.
The adoption of methodologies is exempt from the rulemaking provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code). 38574. Nothing in this part or Part 4 (commencing with Section 38560) confers any authority on the state board to alter any programs administered by other state agencies for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. PART 6. ENFORCEMENT38580. (a) The state board shall monitor compliance with and enforce any rule, regulation, order, emission limitation, emissions reduction measure, or market-based compliance mechanism adopted by the state board pursuant to this division.(b) (1) Any violation of any rule, regulation, order, emission limitation, emissions reduction measure, or other measure adopted by the state board pursuant to this division may be enjoined pursuant to Section 41513, and the violation is subject to those penalties set forth in Article 3 (commencing with Section 42400) of Chapter 4 of Part 4 of, and Chapter 1.5 (commencing with Section 43025) of Part 5 of, Division 26.(2) Any
	violation of any rule, regulation, order, emission limitation, emissions reduction measure, or other measure adopted by the state board pursuant to this division shall be deemed to result in an emission of an air contaminant for the purposes of the penalty provisions of Article 3 (commencing with Section 42400) of Chapter 4 of Part 4 of, and Chapter 1.5 (commencing with Section 43025) of Part 5 of, Division 26.(3) The state board may develop a method to convert a violation of any rule, regulation, order, emission limitation, or other emissions reduction measure adopted by the state board pursuant to this division into the number of days in violation, where appropriate, for the purposes of the penalty provisions of Article 3 (commencing with Section 42400) of Chapter 4 of Part 4 of, and Chapter 1.5 (commencing with Section 43025) of Part 5 of, Division 26.(c) Section 42407 and
	subdivision (i) of Section 42410 shall not apply to this part.PART 7. Miscellaneous Provisions38590.
NASA, Partners Launch US Greenhouse Gas Center to Share Climate Data - NASA
The U.S. Greenhouse Gas Center will serve as a hub for collaboration between agencies across the U.S. government as well as non-profit and private sector partners. Data, information, and computer models from observations from the International Space Station, various satellite and airborne missions, and ground stations are available online.  
As the lead implementing agency of the center, NASA partnered with the EPA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Science experts from each of these U.S. federal agencies curated this catalog of greenhouse gas datasets and analysis tools.  
“A goal of the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Center is to accelerate the collaborative use of Earth science data,” said Argyro Kavvada, center program manager at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “We’re working to get the right data into the hands of people who can use it to manage and track greenhouse gas emissions.”
The center’s data catalog includes a curated collection of data sets that provide insights into greenhouse gas sources, sinks, emissions, and fluxes. Initial information in the center website is focused on three areas: 

Estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities 
Naturally occurring greenhouse gas sources and sinks on land and in the ocean. 
Large methane emission event identification and quantification, leveraging aircraft and space-based data   

An example of a dataset is the methane gas information detected by NASA’s EMIT (Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation) mission. Located on the International Space Station, EMIT is an imaging spectrometer that measures light in visible and infrared wavelengths and thus can measure release of methane on Earth. 
Built on open-source principles, the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Center’s datasets, related algorithms, and supporting code are fully open sourced. This allows anyone to test the data, algorithms, and results. The center also includes user support and an analysis hub for users to perform advanced data analysis with computational resources and an interactive, visual interface for storytelling. NASA encourages feedback and ideas on the center’s evolution. The center is part of a broader administration effort to enhance greenhouse gas information, outlined in the recently released National Strategy to Advance an Integrated U.S. Greenhouse Gas Measurement, Monitoring, and Information System.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Reaching for the Stars Since 1936
This supports a theory put forward by some scientists that Venus is the victim of a runaway "greenhouse effect"; carbon dioxide in its atmosphere acts like a blanket, trapping heat from the Sun. The finding puts to rest longstanding speculation that the cloud-shrouded Venus might be a swampy world harboring life.
› visit website for more info

MARCH 3, 1959First U.S. Mission to Escape Earth OrbitPioneer 4

Pioneer 4 is the second of two early attempts by the United States to send a spacecraft to the Moon. The spacecraft achieves its primary objective -- to put itself on a trajectory from the Earth to the Moon -- and is the first American mission to escape Earth orbit. While it flies farther away from the Moon than expected and does not take the images of the Moon its designers intended, Pioneer 4 does provide extensive and valuable data on Earth’s radiation belt and the tracking of space objects. After 82 hours of transmissions from Pioneer 4's tiny radio and 655,000 miles (1.05 million kilometers) of travel -- the farthest tracking distance for a human-made object at the time -- contact is lost on March 6, 1959. Pioneer 4 is still in orbit around the Sun.
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DECEMBER 3, 1958One of the First Centers in the Newly Created NASA

Two months after the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is created by Congress, JPL is transferred from U.S. Army jurisdiction to that of the new civilian space agency. It brings the new agency experience in building and flying spacecraft, an extensive background in solid and liquid rocket propulsion systems, guidance, control, systems integration, broad testing capability and expertise in telecommunications. JPL takes on the responsibility of planning and executing lunar and planetary missions, and developing the rocket and upper stages needed to launch spacecraft to the Moon and the planets.

JANUARY 31, 1958America's First SatelliteExplorer 1

With the launch of Sputnik, the first satellite to orbit Earth, on October 4, 1957, by the Soviet Union, Cold War America is eager to send its own satellite into orbit.
A to Z Topics Listing - NASA
Charles J. Precourt 
Charles Lacy Veach 
Charles M. Duke Jr. 
Charles O. Hobaugh 
Charon
Chiaki Mukai 
CHIPS (Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer)
Christina Birch 
Christina H. Koch 
Christopher J. Ferguson 
Christopher J. Loria 
Christopher J. Cassidy 
Christopher L. Williams 
Ciencia e Investigación 
CINDI (Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamic Investigation) 
CIPHER (Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research) 
Cirrus SR-22
Citizen Science 
Clayton C. Anderson 
Clementine
Clifton C. Williams Jr. 
Climate Change 
Climate Science
Cloudsat
CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) 
Cluster II
COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer)
Color it! 
Columbia 300 
Combustion Science 
Comets
Commercial Crew
Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS)
Commercial Space 
Commercial Space Programs 
Commercial Supersonic Technology 
Communicating and Navigating with Missions 
Community of Practice Webinar
Community Partners 
Complex Fluids 
Conjunction Assessment Risk Analysis Team (CARA) 
Constellations
CONTOUR (COmet Nucleus TOUR) 
Convergent Aeronautics Solutions
CORAL (COral Reef Airborne Observatory) 
Coronal Mass Ejections 
COSI (Compton Spectrometer and Imager) 
Cosmic Origins Program
Courses & Curriculums for Professionals 
COVID-19 Response 
Crab Nebula
Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog (CHAPEA) 
Crew Vehicle Systems Research Facility 
Cross Program Integration 
CRRES (Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite) 
Cryogenic Fluid Management (CFM) 
Cryogenic Propellant Handling 
Cryosphere 
CubeSat Launch Initiative 
CubeSat Or Microsat Probabilistic and Analogies Cost Tool (COMPACT) 
CuPID (Cusp Plasma Imaging Detector) 
Curiosity (Rover)
Curtis L. Brown Jr.
CUSP (CubeSat Mission to Study Solar Particles) 
Cycles & Focus Areas
CYGNSS (Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System)

D
Dale A. Gardner 
Daniel C. Brandenstein 
Daniel C. Burbank