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Education News & Blogs – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Use beads and string, sidewalk chalk, or your own creative choice of materials to build a scale model of planet sizes or distances in the solar system.
Subject Science
Grades 2-12
Time 30-60 mins

 
 Project
NASA Space Voyagers: The Game
In this strategy card game, you'll build spacecraft that can explore the Moon, Mars, and other destinations throughout our solar system while withstanding challenges thrown your way.
Subject Engineering
Grades 6-12
Time 1-2 hours

 
 Project
Look at the Moon! Journaling Project
Draw what you see in a Moon Journal and see if you can predict the moon phase that comes next.
Subject Science
Grades K-8
Time 1-2 mins/day for 30 days

 
 Project
Make a Moon Phases Calendar and Calculator
Like a decoder wheel for the Moon, this calendar will show you where and when to see the Moon and every moon phase throughout the year.
Subject Science
Grades K-12
Time Less than 30 mins

 
 Project
Make and Code a Light-Powered Device
In this challenge, you will build and program a light-powered device that can move to collect as much light as possible while not overheating.
Subject Technology
Grades 6-12
Time 2+ hours

 
 Project
Make a Paper Mars Helicopter
Build a paper helicopter, then see if you can improve the design like NASA engineers did when making the first helicopter for Mars.
Subject Engineering
Grades 2-8
Time 30-60 mins

 
 Project
Make a Straw Rocket
Create a paper rocket that can be launched from a soda straw – then, modify the design to make the rocket fly farther!
Subject Engineering
Grades 4-8
Time Less than 30 mins

 
 Project
Make a Paper Glider
Turn a piece of paper into a glider inspired by a NASA design.
Subject Engineering
Grades 3-8
Time 30-60 mins

 
 Project
Space Origami: Make Your Own Starshade
Make your own model of this folding NASA space technology designed to help capture the first images of planets outside our solar system!
Subject Engineering
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems | Terra
MODIS collects a variety of measurements that indicate how much plants are growing, including vegetation indices, leaf area index, primary productivity, and evapotranspiration. See Measuring Vegetation on the Earth Observatory.
Land cover change
The MODIS land cover product indicates what type of vegetation is growing (forest, grassland, etc.) in a given location. Disturbance products, including the burned area product, show how land cover changes through deforestation or reforestation, agriculture, fire, urbanization, and so forth. ASTER’s 15 meter resolution imagery can be used to assess land cover change on a local scale, particularly as it relates to events like fires, floods, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. Although CERES does not directly collect data on carbon; it does collect data on energy flux, in relation to energy balance, that takes place in vegetation and land surface.
Atmosphere
MOPITT measures carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. While carbon monoxide (CO) is not itself a greenhouse gas, CO is chemically linked with methane, ozone, and carbon dioxide, and therefore impacts both climate and air quality.  Primary sources of CO include fossil-fuel burning, biomass burning and methane oxidation. MOPITT measurements of CO concentrations in the troposphere are based on observations made with a suite of gas correlation radiometers operating in two CO-sensitive spectral bands.  MOPITT CO products are used to study the movement of pollution in the atmosphere, to quantify CO emissions and to support air quality forecasts.
Terra Science on Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems in the News

 

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MOPITT | Terra
Meet Dr. Rebecca Buchholz, a MOPITT Project Scientist who has worked at NCAR/UCAR since 2014 and has used MOPITT’s carbon monoxide dataset to study long-term patterns of air pollution transportation, especially that associated with wildfires. In a Scientific American news article last month, Dr. Buchholz summarized her recent research findings (published in Nature Communications) that show a significant increase in Western U.S. wildfire air pollution during the month of August, a new peak that largely negates California’s efforts to reduce annual air pollution. (She also gave Terra’s long data-record a shout-out!)  Read more about her research here!

Terra Data Capacity Restored to Launch Level

Posted on September 23, 2021 by Tassia Owen 
	Posted in News and Events 

Printed Wire Assemblies Back Online
To return function to 16 printed wire assemblies, including the two most recent, Terra’s Flight Operations Team rebooted Terra’s solid state recorder, on September 22, 2021. The successful reboot of Terra’s solid state recorder returned Terra to a level that allows full science acquisitions from all five instruments (ASTER, CERES, MISR, MODIS, and MOPITT). 
The recorder reboot took nearly 12 hours to complete. The board-by-board power up sequencing resulted in all 16 printed wire assemblies of the 16 offline assemblies returning to operational status.  Terra now has all 58 assemblies in service, and Terra’s data storage capacity is at the same level it had at launch. There are currently no known hardware limitations to the operation of Terra or any of its sensors and there is currently no official passivation (mission end) date. 
For over two decades Terra has collected valuable data about Earth’s systems. In February 2020 Terra stopped doing platform maneuvers that would control its equator crossing time in order to maintain fuel for collision avoidance maneuvers. The remaining fuel will also be used to lower Terra’s orbit as part of its eventual passivation process.  Now with the printed wire assemblies being returned to full function, Terra will be able to collect full data acquisitions from all five instruments throughout this process.
Terra will also continue collecting data after an orbit lowering maneuver planned for Fall 2022.
Telling a pine from a maple ... from space! | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Telling a pine from a maple ... from space! | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

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Telling a pine from a maple ... from space!

Telling a pine from a maple ... from space!

Red Riding Hood tries to name all the trees in the forest as she walks the path to Grandmother's house. But the forest is so thick, she often has trouble telling the oak trees from the fir trees from the maple trees. They all run together into a fuzzy, green blur.

Imagine how colorful the forest would be if every kind of tree were a different color! Pass your mouse over the picture to get an idea. In this picture, these colors are for these trees:

How would the world look from space if the trees, fields, lakes, and mountains were each different colors? You could fly over looking for an orchard of your favorite apple trees, then swoop down and pick your fill!
But there are other, maybe more important reasons for being able to see such details from space. For example, people who are doing jobs like . . .

Farming
	Taking care of forests
	Looking for places to drill for oil
	Digging for valuable minerals
	Building cities
	Helping control floods . . .
	

can do their jobs even better if they have very accurate images of the ground. Oddly enough, the best way to see lots of ground in lots of detail is from space!

 By sending our excellent technological "eyes" into space, we are able to understand and take better care of our home, planet Earth.

Thanks to the Landsat satellites, we already have images from space of Earth's entire surface. In April 1999, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration launched the seventh Landsat. Each one gets better than the last, with more and more advanced technology for imaging and mapping our planet.
Telling a pine from a maple ... from space! | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Oddly enough, the best way to see lots of ground in lots of detail is from space!

 By sending our excellent technological "eyes" into space, we are able to understand and take better care of our home, planet Earth.

Thanks to the Landsat satellites, we already have images from space of Earth's entire surface. In April 1999, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration launched the seventh Landsat. Each one gets better than the last, with more and more advanced technology for imaging and mapping our planet.
 
 To make future Earth images from space even better, a special spacecraft, called Earth Observing-1 (EO-1), was launched in October 2000. EO-1 is testing some very advanced new instruments. One, called the Hyperion, is very sensitive to tiny differences in colors. It is so sensitive that when its data are processed by computers, we can see clearly where one kind of tree ends and another begins!

 EO-1 flies right behind Landsat 7 and takes pictures of the same areas at almost the same times. This way, the images from the new EO-1 instruments can be compared with the images the current Landsat instruments give.

 
 This image was made from data collected by instruments on the current Landsat satellite.

 This is an image of that same area that can be made from data collected by EO-1's Hyperion.
 Besides sorting out trees, Landsat images show how the land changes over time. Cities growing, rain forests and farm lands shrinking, more or less rain falling, rivers flooding, wildfires burning, volcanos erupting—their effects show plainly in Landsat pictures of the same area taken at different times.

 	information last updated more than 13 years ago
 

A most colorful spacecraft!

 Artist's idea of Earth Observing 1 spacecraft taking images of Earth in many colors.

Picture by Laurel Dogger, age 9, Silver Spring, Maryland

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News Flash • SUGi Creates NYC’s First Miyawaki Method Pocket
By respecting local natural resources — we happily received large donations of nutrient-rich compost from Big Reuse’s community food scrap program and wood chips from Green-Wood Cemetery grounds — we are completing the full cycle of life to feed the new Pocket Forest trees,” shared iDig2Learn Founder, Christina Delfico. She added, “This method of tight-knit planting allows roots to share nutrients underground, boosting their growth, which mirrors perfectly how diverse communities can come together above ground to support each other and strengthen the land.”“RIOC is proud to make a commitment to create a pocket forest in Southpoint Park in partnership with SUGi and iDig2Learn,” said Dhruvika Patel Amin, Chief Financial Officer and co-Interim Leader for the Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation. “This will not only further beautify the island but is vital to the community for biodiversity, improving air quality and overall well-being. RIOC looks forward to more projects such as this to enrich the island and the community.”Added Gerrald Ellis, Deputy Counsel and co-Interim leader for the Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation, "RIOC hopes this new forest, with its unique method of planting in a relatively small space, can serve as a model for other urban centers that are looking to improve their overall biodiversity and ecological sustainability. Thank you to Christina, Elise, our RIOC Grounds team, and everyone in the community who came together to bring this wonderful project to life.""We are excited to be a part of this pioneering project to mitigate flooding and enhance biodiversity," said Mary Cunneen, Acting-Chief Operating Officer for the Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation. "The project holds great promise for increasing the ecological resiliency of the park. We are thankful for our partners, Christina Delfico and SUGi for helping bring this to the island and helping us show our commitment to sustainable urban development and environmental stewardship." Lenape Center supports projects to restore and regenerate the ecosystem of our territory," shared Executive Director and Co-Founder, Joe Baker.
Virtual Vocabulary | NASA eClips
For example, a chemical equation shows that two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen makes two molecules of water. topchlorophyll - Chlorophyll is a green chemical in plant cells that allows plants to use light energy to make food. topchondrule - A chondrule is a spheroidal mineral grain present in large numbers in stony meteorites. The meteorites formed from asteroid material that is thought to have been present when the solar system formed. topchromosphere - The relatively thin layer of the solar atmosphere located above the sun's surface. topchronology - Chronology is the arrangement of events in the order of their occurrence. topcirrus cloud - A cirrus cloud is a feathery cloud that is composed of ice crystals and that has the highest altitude of any cloud in the sky. topcitizen science - Citizen science is the collection and analysis of data, typically relating to the natural world, by members of the general public as part of a project with professional scientists. topclassification - Classification is the grouping of organisms or things based on characteristics they have in common. topclay - Clay is soil with very small particles. topclimate - Climate is the long-term weather pattern of an area, including temperature, precipitation, and wind. topclimate change - Climate change is the variation in Earth's global climate over time, either cooling or warming. This term describes changes in the average state of the atmosphere over a long time scale, as opposed to brief changes in weather. topcloud - A cloud is a large collection of very tiny droplets of water or ice crystals in the atmosphere, which forms when the air is cooled and condensation occurs. topClouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System, or CERES - CERES is a sensor flown on satellites to collect data about Earth's systems. topcoal - Coal is a combustible black (or brownish-black) sedimentary rock, that consists largely of carbon (with varying amounts of hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen). Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is placed under intense heat and pressure for millions of years.
Telling a pine from a maple ... from space! | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
A most colorful spacecraft!

 Artist's idea of Earth Observing 1 spacecraft taking images of Earth in many colors.

Picture by Laurel Dogger, age 9, Silver Spring, Maryland

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A most colorful spacecraft!

 Artist's idea of Earth Observing 1 spacecraft taking images of Earth in many colors.

Picture by Laurel Dogger, age 9, Silver Spring, Maryland
Earth's Atmosphere | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids


Earth's Atmosphere | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

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Earth's Atmosphere

The Short Answer:
What is Earth’s atmosphere?

	Earth’s atmosphere is similar to a jacket for our planet. It surrounds our planet, keeps us warm, gives us oxygen to breathe, and it is where our weather happens. Earth’s atmosphere has six layers: the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere, the ionosphere, and the exosphere.
	

A jacket for the planet
Earth is a great planet to live on because it has a wonderful atmosphere around it. This jacket of gases does a lot for us. It keeps us warm, it gives us oxygen to breathe, and it’s where our weather happens.
The atmosphere surrounds our planet like the peel of an orange. But it’s not the same everywhere. It has different layers with different qualities.

One atmosphere, many layers
Earth’s atmosphere has six different layers. They go from the ground all the way to outer space. To learn more about each layer of the atmosphere, click the images below.

        	article last updated December 11, 2019
        

Exosphere(This is only part of the exosphere. It's actually 12 times bigger than this!)

Thermosphere

Mesosphere

Stratosphere

Troposphere

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News Flash • SUGi Creates NYC’s First Miyawaki Method Pocket
"We are excited to be a part of this pioneering project to mitigate flooding and enhance biodiversity," said Mary Cunneen, Acting-Chief Operating Officer for the Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation. "The project holds great promise for increasing the ecological resiliency of the park. We are thankful for our partners, Christina Delfico and SUGi for helping bring this to the island and helping us show our commitment to sustainable urban development and environmental stewardship." Lenape Center supports projects to restore and regenerate the ecosystem of our territory," shared Executive Director and Co-Founder, Joe Baker. "This Nature-based solution to ecosystem loss, climate change, and inequitable access to green space depends upon native plant species working in collaboration; in parallel, many local organizations are also joining in to support the project with in-kind donations, including the following: “Green-Wood’s contribution of wood chips to build the Forest extends the benefit of our living collection. The wood harvested and chipped from our trees will support the soil moisture and microbes on which Forest depends,” stated Sara Evans, Director of Living Collections and Curator, Green-Wood Cemetery."Big Reuse is happy to provide compost to Manhattan Healing Forest. The compost was made locally from food scraps and Parks yard waste," added Justin Green, Executive Director and Founder, Big Reuse. "Trees New York is a longtime partner with iDig2Learn providing education and resources to expand New York City’s urban forest," shared Nelson Villarrubia, Executive Director of Trees New York.About SUGiSUGi are pioneers in creating green infrastructure, reimagining urban life, and restoring the human connection to nature. Their signature strategy for building biodiversity, climate resilience and wellbeing is based on the proven Miyawaki Method of planting ultra-dense, biodiverse forests of native species only. Since launching in May 2019, they have created 200 SUGi Pocket Forests in 42 cities on 6 continents and reconnected 52,000 youth & community members to Nature.
Webb Cracks Case of Inflated Exoplanet - NASA Science
Illustration: NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Crawford (STScI) Science: L. Welbanks (ASU) and the JWST MANATEE teamImage:Warm Gas-Giant Exoplanet WASP-107 b (Transmission Spectrum: Webb NIRSpec)This transmission spectrum, captured using Webb’s NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) Bright Object Spectrometer, shows the amounts of different wavelengths (colors) of near-infrared starlight blocked by the atmosphere of the gas-giant exoplanet WASP-107 b. The spectrum shows clear evidence for water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the planet’s atmosphere, allowing researchers to estimate the interior temperature and core mass.Illustration: NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Crawford (STScI) Science: D. Sing (JHU) and the NIRSpec GTO transiting exoplanet teamRoiling Gas, Hot Interior, and Massive CoreBoth spectra show a surprising lack of methane in WASP-107 b’s atmosphere: one-thousandth the amount expected based on its assumed temperature.“This is evidence that hot gas from deep in the planet must be mixing vigorously with the cooler layers higher up,” explained Sing. “Methane is unstable at high temperatures. The fact that we detected so little, even though we did detect other carbon-bearing molecules, tells us that the interior of the planet must be significantly hotter than we thought.”A likely source of WASP-107 b’s extra internal energy is tidal heating caused by its slightly elliptical orbit. With the distance between the star and planet changing continuously over the 5.7-day orbit, the gravitational pull is also changing, stretching the planet and heating it up.Researchers had previously proposed that tidal heating could be the cause of WASP-107 b’s puffiness, but until the Webb results were in, there was no evidence.Once they established that the planet has enough internal heat to thoroughly churn up the atmosphere, the teams realized that the spectra could also provide a new way to estimate the size of the core.