vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Moon Phases
We call this motion synchronous rotation.Daily Moon GuideCheck out NASA's interactive map for observing the Moon each day of the year.Go to the guidePhasesIn our entire solar system, the only object that shines with its own light is the Sun. That light always beams onto Earth and Moon from the direction of the Sun, illuminating half of our planet in its orbit and reflecting off the surface of the Moon to create moonlight.Like Earth, the Moon has a day side and a night side, which change as the Moon rotates. The Sun always illuminates half of the Moon while the other half remains dark, but how much we are able to see of that illuminated half changes as the Moon travels through its orbit.This graphic shows the position of the Moon and the Sun during each of the Moon’s phases and the Moon as it appears from Earth during each phase. Not to scale.NASA/JPL-CaltechLet’s take a look at the individual phases, and how the movements of the Moon and Sun appear to us as we watch from the Northern Hemisphere on Earth:New MoonThis is the invisible phase of the Moon, with the illuminated side of the Moon facing the Sun and the night side facing Earth. In this phase, the Moon is in the same part of the sky as the Sun and rises and sets with the Sun. Not only is the illuminated side facing away from the Earth, it’s also up during the day! Remember, in this phase, the Moon doesn’t usually pass directly between Earth and the Sun, due to the inclination of the Moon’s orbit. It only passes near the Sun from our perspective on Earth.Waxing CrescentThis silver sliver of a Moon occurs when the illuminated half of the Moon faces mostly away from Earth, with only a tiny portion visible to us from our planet. It grows daily as the Moon’s orbit carries the Moon’s dayside farther into view. Every day, the Moon rises a little bit later.First QuarterThe Moon is now a quarter of the way through its monthly journey and you see half of its illuminated side. People may casually call this a half moon, but remember, that’s not really what you’re witnessing in the sky. You’re seeing just a slice of the entire Moon ― half of the illuminated half.
Artemis - NASA
The structure of the crater’s interior was revealed by a digital elevation model constructed from over 5 million elevation measurements from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter.NASA 

How can we growing a lunar economy?

For the Artemis missions, American innovation is leading the way, and the future at the Moon holds promise for a robust lunar marketplace.
NASA’s strategy stimulates the commercial space industry, which drives new ideas, brings down costs, and grows the business opportunities that can foster a lunar economy and serve other customers for the benefit of humanity.

	Read More 	

Illustration of of Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost lander on the lunar surface. The lander will carry a suite of 10 science investigations and technology demonstrations to the Moon in 2023 as part of NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative.Firefly Aerospace 

 

How We Explore the Moon

Together, the Orion spacecraft, SLS rocket, Gateway, human landing systems, and advanced spacesuits represent the core of NASA’s infrastructure for long-term human exploration at the Moon.

	Moon to Mars Architecture 	

Getting to the MoonLearn about the systems that carry astronauts to the Moon.Read MoreIn Lunar OrbitLearn about living and working aboard Gateway in lunar orbit.Read MoreOn the Lunar SurfaceLearn about systems to live and work on the surface of the Moon.Read MoreArtemis PartnersLearn about the industry and academic partnerships empowering the Artemis missions. Read More 

NASA Encyclopedia
Commercial Lunar Payload Services
NASA is supporting the creation of a lunar economy through commercial deliveries of NASA science that will help prepare for the next generation of explorers.

Learn More

 

Artemis Accords

We go together.

The Artemis Accords are grounded in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, outlining the vision and principles for a safe, transparent environment that facilitates exploration, science, and commercial activities for all of humanity to enjoy. To date, 39 countries have joined the accords and are committed to establishing a peaceful, prosperous future in space. More countries will sign the Artemis Accords in the months and years ahead to ensure the entire world can benefit from our journey of exploration and discovery.

 More About The Artemis Accords about Artemis Accords 

This graphic displays the flags of the nations that have signed the Artemis Accords against a background image of the Moon in the blackness of space.
NASA Challenge Invites Artemis Generation Coders to Johnson Space Center - NASA
NASA will make history by sending the first humans to explore the region near the lunar South Pole on Artemis III.
“Working on this application gave us a simplified understanding and real-world experience of how professionals approach similar problems in the work-field,” stated Team Frostbyte, from North High School in Des Moines, Iowa, “Engaging in this hands-on project has deepened our passion for innovative utilization of technology. Our participation in this challenge has only further affirmed our goals to pursue careers in these fields.”
Over the 10-week challenge, participating teams joined subject matter expert talks, attended ADC office hours, researched lunar landing regions and mathematical concepts, and spent hundreds of hours coding to develop their applications. Additionally, students learned about the complexities of communicating from the lunar surface with Earth-based assets from NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) team.
The following five teams excelled in their application and interview, thereby earning the chance to showcase their work to NASA leadership, tour NASA’s unique facilities, and meet industry leaders, in April 2024 at NASA Johnson:

Baton Rouge Magnet High School: Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Dougherty Valley High School: San Ramon, California
North High School: Des Moines, Iowa
Sherman Oaks Center for Enriched Studies: Reseda, California
Trinity Christian School: Morgantown, West Virginia

In addition, two more schools were selected as honorable mentions to present their work virtually to NASA leadership in April 2024.

Edison Academy Magnet School: Edison, New Jersey
Falcon Cove Middle School: Weston, Florida

Screenshot of the app submitted by ADC Top Team, Team Lunarsphere from Baton Rouge Magnet High School in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

In addition to being named as Honorable Mentions, Edison Academy Magnet School was awarded Most Realistic Visualization of Technical Features and Falcon Cove Middle School was awarded Best Middle School Team.
“Given that participating in the NASA ADC gave us insights on outreach, technical programming, app development, and working as a team, it has overall made us feel more prepared for future projects and even future jobs,” stated Team Lunarsphere from Baton Rouge Magnet High School in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Previous Years
ADC 2023: Artemis Generation Coders Earn Invite to Johnson Space Center
StarChild: Glossary
The distance light can travel in one year, which is 9,500,000,000,000 
kilometers.
LUNAR MODULE
The section of the Apollo spacecraft designed to land on the Moon.
LUNAR ROVER
The car-like vehicle used by Apollo astronauts while exploring the Moon's 
surface.
M
MASS
The amount of matter in an object.
MATTER
What all things are made of.
METEOR
An object from space that becomes glowing hot when it passes into Earth's 
atmosphere.
METEORITE
A piece of stone or metal from space that falls to Earth's surface.
METEOROID
A piece of stone or metal that travels in outer space.
MODULE
A part of a set that can be arranged together in different ways.
MYTHOLOGY
Old stories that usually explain how something came to be.
N
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration which is in charge of all space 
programs for the United States.
NUCLEAR FUSION
A process where atoms are joined and tremendous amounts of 
energy are released.
O
ORBIT
The path followed by an object in space as it goes around another object; to 
travel around another object in a single path.
P
PARTICLE
A very, very tiny piece of matter such as an electron, proton, or neutron 
found inside of an atom.
PAYLOAD
Cargo which is carried on the Space Shuttle.
PHYSICIST
A person who studies physics.
PHYSICS
The study of how objects (from the very tiny to the very big) behave.
PLAINS
Large pieces of flat land.
POLE
The point at either end of the invisible line known as the axis. Planets have a south 
pole and a north pole.
Q
R
RADIO WAVE
A type of energy that is made by charged particles such as electrons 
moving back and forth.
RE-ENTRY
The return of a spacecraft into Earth's atmosphere.
REFLECT
To throw back light, heat, or sound.
REUSABLE
Can be used again.
REVOLVE
To move in an orbit or circle around something.
ROTATE
Activities for Students – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
All topicsAeronauticsAircraft Probes, Satellites and/or SpacecraftAlgebraArtsAstrobiologyAstronomyChemistryComputer ScienceData Collection, Analysis and ProbabilityEarthEarth and Space ScienceEarth HistoryEarth ProcessesEarth ScienceEarth StructureEarth, Moon and SunElectricity and MagnetismEnergyEngineering and TechnologyGeometryHeat and ThermodynamicsImage Processing and VisualizationLanguage ArtsLife SciencesLight and OpticsMathematicsMeasurementMotion and ForcesNumber and OperationsPhysical SciencesProblem SolvingRemote SensingScience and SocietySolar SystemStates of MatterStructure and Properties of MatterTechnology and SocietyThe Design ProcessThe Nature of ScienceThe Nature of TechnologyThe Scientific Process 

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Take the Challenge!
Can you use π (pi) to solve these stellar math problems faced by NASA scientists and engineers?

project
The NASA Pi Day Challenge

project

The NASA Pi Day Challenge

Can you use π (pi) to solve these stellar math problems faced by NASA scientists and engineers?TAGS:AsteroidsEarthExoplanetsJupiterMarsMercurypipi daypi day challengeJWSTPsycheEclipseEuropaMarsMars Sample ReturnSaturnSunUniverse

Try it out!
Build a rubber-band-powered rover that can scramble across a room.

project
Make a Cardboard Rover

project

Make a Cardboard Rover

Build a rubber-band-powered rover that can scramble across a room.TAGS:DesignFlightProjectDIYEngineeringBuildingThe Engineering Design ProcessMoon 2024ApolloMay the Fourthen Españolspace travelDesign Your SpacecraftcodingmicrodevicesprogrammingEarth's MoonMarsMissionsRoversSpacecraft

Try it out!
Design and build a lander that will protect two "astronauts" when they touch down.

project
Make an Astronaut Lander

project

Make an Astronaut Lander
Activities for Students – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Build a rubber-band-powered rover that can scramble across a room.TAGS:DesignFlightProjectDIYEngineeringBuildingThe Engineering Design ProcessMoon 2024ApolloMay the Fourthen Españolspace travelDesign Your SpacecraftcodingmicrodevicesprogrammingEarth's MoonMarsMissionsRoversSpacecraft

Try it out!
Design and build a lander that will protect two "astronauts" when they touch down.

project
Make an Astronaut Lander

project

Make an Astronaut Lander

Design and build a lander that will protect two "astronauts" when they touch down.TAGS:Earth's MoonLiving in SpaceLanderDesignProjectDIYEngineeringBuildingThe Engineering Design ProcessMoon 2024Apollo#VirtualMoonshotMay the Fourthen Españolvideo tutorialspace travelLand on MarsArtemiscodingmicrodevicesprogrammingMarsMissionsSpacecraft

Get Started!
Create a video game that lets players explore the Red Planet with a helicopter like the one going to Mars with NASA's Perseverance rover!

project
Code a Mars Helicopter Video Game

project

Code a Mars Helicopter Video Game

Create a video game that lets players explore the Red Planet with a helicopter like the one going to Mars with NASA's Perseverance rover!TAGS:MarsMars RoverMars HelicoptercodingprogramminghelicopterMars 2020en Españolvideo tutorialspace travelScratchDesign Your SpacecraftMars Sample ReturnMissionsRoversSpacecraft

Find out!
NASA has dozens of robotic spacecraft exploring our solar system – and beyond. So how exactly do we navigate spacecraft that are so far away?

video
How Do We Know Where Faraway Spacecraft Are?

video

How Do We Know Where Faraway Spacecraft Are?

NASA has dozens of robotic spacecraft exploring our solar system – and beyond. So how exactly do we navigate spacecraft that are so far away?TAGS:Deep Space NetworkDSNCommunicationsSpace TravelRadioMissionsRoversSpacecraft

Try it out!
In this challenge, you will build and program a light-powered device that can move to collect as much light as possible while not overheating.
The Next Full Moon is the Flower, Corn, or Corn Planting Moon - NASA Science
The bright object appearing closest to overhead still will be Arcturus at 69 degrees above the south-southwestern horizon.Morning Sky HighlightsOn the morning of Thursday, May 23, 2024 (the morning of the day of the full Moon), as twilight begins (at 4:40 AM EDT), the setting Moon will be 7 degrees above the southwestern horizon. The planet Mars will be 10 degrees above the eastern horizon and the planet Saturn will be 22 degrees above the east-southeastern horizon. Mercury will rise on the east-northeastern horizon 14 minutes after morning twilight begins. The bright object appearing closest to overhead will be the star Vega at 78 degrees above the western horizon, with Deneb a close second at 76.5 degrees above the northeastern horizon. Vega is the brightest star in the constellation Lyra the lyre and is one of the three bright stars in the "Summer Triangle" along with Deneb and Altair. Vega, the 5th brightest star in our night sky, is about 25 light-years from Earth, twice the mass of our Sun, and shines 40 times brighter than our Sun.As this lunar cycle progresses, Saturn and the background of stars will appear to shift westward each evening, while Mars will hover low on the eastern horizon, drifting slightly to the left. Mercury, rising after morning twilight begins, will also drift towards the left, moving closer each morning towards where the Sun is rising, making it more difficult to see as it shifts into the glow of dawn. The waning Moon will pass by Antares on May 24, Saturn on May 31, and Mars on June 2 and 3. On June 5, the thin, waning crescent Moon will appear near the Pleiades star cluster, with Jupiter and Mercury below. The Moon will rise 5 minutes after morning twilight begins. By the time Jupiter and Mercury rise, the sky will likely be too bright to see the Pleiades, and may be bright enough that you will need binoculars to see them (as well as a clear view of the east-northeastern horizon).
Guides | NASA eClips
Students calculate the speed and acceleration of the models during test flights. 

 Download Full Guide 

 NASA's Real World: Self Healing Materials 

 NASA's Self Healing Materials has students look at NASA technology and how advanced materials are being developed and projected for use in many applications. They make a simple polymer, explore its properties and investigate what effect changing the proportion of ingredients has on the properties of the polymer. 

 Download Full Guide 

 NASA's Real World: The Light Plants Need 

 NASA's The Light Plants Need asks students to observe and compare three types of light sources. They then conduct an experiment to determine how different colored light affects plant growth. Students analyze data collected from the experiment by creating a line graph and calculating three measures of central tendency. Finally, students design a plant growth chamber to observe the effects of colored-plastic, filtered light on plant growth. Students have an inside look at an atmospheric chemist's career. 

 Download Full Guide 

 NASA's Real World: What Causes Global Climate Change 

 NASA's What Causes Global Climate Change demonstrates student attitudes towards and prior understanding of global climate change. Working in teams, students then observe, measure and record data gathered from simulated ice core samples to model the work of climate scientists. Students graph and analyze real ice core data looking for patterns and trends, as well as analyze graphs and models developed by climate scientists. 

 Download Full Guide 

 Our World: Crater Maps and Earth Landforms 

 Crater Maps and Earth Landforms asks students to compare physical features of the moon to those found on Earth. Students first use a tennis ball and basketball to visualize scale relationships and distance between Earth and the moon. Students then use maps of the moon to identify lunar surface geography, comparing lunar landforms to similar ones on Earth. They learn how NASA uses satellite technology, such as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, to learn more about the moon. 

 Download Full Guide 

 Our World: Designing a Cloud Cover Estimator 

 Students think and act like engineers and scientists as they follow five steps of a Design Process to successfully complete a team challenge. Students view the NASA Spotlite Clouds video that corrects the misconception that: a cloud's only purpose is to produce precipitation.
PDFs of Space Place activities | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Make these yummy star cookies with genuine star-colored centers you can see through.
Download Star Cookies Activity PDF
View Star Cookies Activity

People and Technology

Build your own spacecraft! Become a NASA engineer and design the latest and greatest satellite.
Download Build Your Own Spacecraft Activity PDF
View Build Your Own Spacecraft Activity

Build your own birdseed wreath! Birds will love this simple bird feeder!
Download Birdseed Wreath Activity PDF
View Birdseed Wreath Activity

Get your gummy greenhouse gases! Got gumdrops? Then you can build models of molecules. Molecules are tiny structures that make up just about all matter—including you! Molecules themselves are made of atoms, the basic building blocks of matter.
Using just four kinds of atoms as building blocks, you can construct many different types of molecules. In this project, you will build models of some gas molecules. These kinds of gas molecules are part of the air. They are called greenhouse gases.
Download Gummy Greenhouse Gases Activity PDF
View Gummy Greenhouse Gases Activity

Ions in action! Make pieces of paper fly through the air and stick onto a balloon.
Download Balloon Ions Activity PDF
View Balloon Ions Activity

Build a Moon habitat! Pretend you are an astronaut working with your teammates on the Moon to build your new lunar home.
Download Moon Habitat Activity PDF
View Moon Habitat Activity

Make a balloon-powered nanorover! Roving a mini-"planet" calls for a "mini-rover." NASA built a tiny rover just a couple of inches high to explore the surface of an asteroid and take pictures.
You can build a nanorover too. Try this one, made from three styrofoam meat trays.
Download Balloon-powered Nanorover Activity PDF
View Balloon-powered Nanorover Activity

Build a bubble-powered rocket! Build your own rocket using paper and fizzing tablets! Watch it lift off. How high does your rocket go?
Download Bubble-powered Rocket Activity PDF
View Bubble-powered Rocket Activity

Hear tiny sounds with a Super Sound Cone!
Mission to Mars Student Challenge - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Make a Cardboard Rover 
Build a rubber-band-powered rover that can scramble across a room.

 Engineering |
 
 6-12 |
 
 30-60 mins 

 Student Project 

 JPL's Open Source Build-It-Yourself Rover 
Build a driving 6-wheel rover with almost the same suspension as the real rovers on Mars using commonly available components you can easily buy online and assemble in a garage.

 Engineering |
 
 9-12 |
 
 2+ hrs 

 Educator Guide 

 The Air Up There: Making Space Breathable 
In this lesson, students will use stoichiometry just like NASA scientists in order to equip space missions with breathable air for our astronauts.

 Science |
 
 10-12 |
 
 1-2 hrs 

 Lessons and activities are aligned to NGSS and Common Core Math standards. These assignments can be done in any order and in part or in full as schedules allow.
 

Launch Your Mission

Mission This Week

 Now that we’ve designed our spacecraft, it’s time to launch our mission. This week, older students will engage in the engineering design process and data collection while younger students will use geometry and develop their spatial skills. Students will learn about Newton’s laws of motion and brainstorm a rocket design. They can then create a physical model, test their model, collect performance data, and redesign and retest their rocket until it's performing at its best. Students will decide how to measure performance. For example, is flight distance or accuracy more important? Here’s Sarah Elizabeth McCandless, a navigation engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with some expert advice about how NASA launches spacecraft.
 
Tips This Week

 Launching rockets is great fun! Caution students to be careful to aim their rockets away from people and to wear eye protection.
 

 The simplest rockets involve either balloons or straws. Any balloon will do, it doesn’t have to be a particular shape. If students don’t have straws, encourage them to make a paper straw.
 

Resources

Launch Your Mission newsletter
Launch Your Mission Activities for Students
Launch Your Mission Lessons for Educators
STEM Lessons for Educators – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
All topicsAeronauticsAircraft Probes, Satellites and/or SpacecraftAlgebraArtsAstrobiologyAstronomyCalculusChemistryComputer ProgrammingComputer ScienceData Collection, Analysis and ProbabilityEarthEarth and Space ScienceEarth ProcessesEarth scienceEarth, Earth Science, Language ArtsEarth, Moon and SunElectricity and MagnetismEnergyEngineering and TechnologyGeologyGeometryHeat and ThermodynamicsImage Processing and VisualizationInertiaLanguage ArtsLife SciencesLight and OpticsMaterials ScienceMeasurementMotion and ForcesNumber and OperationsNumber SensePerforming ArtsPhysical SciencesProblem SolvingRemote SensingSatellites and SpacecraftSize and ScaleSolar SystemStates of MatterStructure and Properties of MatterTeachable MomentsThe Design ProcessThe Nature of Science and TechnologyThe Scientific Process 

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Classroom Activity
Students cut out, color and sequence paper rockets in a simple mathematics lesson on measurement.

Classroom Activity
Rockets by Size

Classroom Activity

Rockets by Size

Students cut out, color and sequence paper rockets in a simple mathematics lesson on measurement.
	TAGS:

	MathematicsGrades K - 2Measurement

Classroom Activity
Students use measurement skills to determine the scale distance to space on a map.

Classroom Activity
How Far Away Is Space?

Classroom Activity

How Far Away Is Space?

Students use measurement skills to determine the scale distance to space on a map.
	TAGS:

	MathematicsGrades 3 - 7Measurement

Problem Set
In this illustrated math problem, students use pi to compare the area of the Hubble Space Telescope and Webb Telescope’s primary mirror.

Problem Set
Rad Reflection: A ‘Pi in the Sky’ Math Challenge

Problem Set

Rad Reflection: A ‘Pi in the Sky’ Math Challenge

In this illustrated math problem, students use pi to compare the area of the Hubble Space Telescope and Webb Telescope’s primary mirror.
	TAGS:

	MathematicsGrades 5 - 7Geometry

Problem Set