vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
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Pick a topic.
Try to find out what people already know about it.
Do one of these:
	
State a hypothesis related to the topic. That is, make a cause-and-effect-statement that you can test using the scientific method. 
 Explain something.
 Make a plan to observe something.

Design and carry out your research, keeping careful records of everything you do or see.
Create an exhibit or display to show and explain to others what you hoped to test (if you had a hypothesis) or what question you wanted to answer, what you did, what your data showed, and your conclusions.
Write a short report that also states the same things as the exhibit or display, and also gives the sources of your initial background research.
Practice describing your project and results, so you will be ready for visitors to your exhibit at the science fair.

 Follow these steps to a successful science fair entry!
Imagine the Universe!
Special names are given to this point for commonly used systems: see periastron, perihelion, and perigee. The opposite of apoapsis.
periastron
The point of closest approach of two stars, as in a binary star orbit. Opposite of apastron.
perigee
The point in its orbit where an Earth satellite is closest to the Earth. Opposite of apogee.
perihelion
The point in its orbit where a planet is closest to the Sun. Opposite of aphelion.
photoabsorption
The transfer of a photon's energy to an atom, molecule or nucleus.
photoelectric effect
An effect explained by A. Einstein which demonstrates that light seems to be made up of particles, or photons. Light can excite electrons (called photoelectrons in this context) to be ejected from a metal. Light with a frequency below a certain threshold, at any intensity, will not cause any photoelectrons to be emitted from the metal. Above that frequency, photoelectrons are emitted in proportion to the intensity of incident light.
The reason is that a photon has energy in proportion to its wavelength, and the constant of proportionality is the Planck constant. Below a certain frequency -- and thus below a certain energy -- the incident photons do not have enough energy to knock the photoelectrons out of the metal. Above that threshold energy, called the work function, photons will knock the photoelectrons out of the metal, in proportion to the number of photons (the intensity of the light). At higher frequencies and energies, the photoelectrons ejected obtain a kinetic energy corresponding to the difference between the photon's energy and the work function.
photon
The smallest (quantum) unit of light/electromagnetic energy. Photons are generally regarded as particles with zero mass and no electric charge.
pi
The constant equal to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, which is approximately 3.141593.
Planck constant; h
The fundamental constant equal to the ratio of the energy of a quantum of energy to its frequency. It is the quantum of action.
Make Sun Paper | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Cut out your Sun shape! 



Suggested uses for your Sun paper:

Make it into a greeting card.
Dye an entire piece of paper and use it as wrapping paper.
Glue it to black construction paper and frame it.

 Download a PDF of this activity.

 	article last updated May 25, 2021
 

 Explore Some More
How old is the Sun?

It burns so brightly, but how long has it been doing that? And how much longer will it shine?

What does it look like?

Look at amazing pictures of our Sun. You see it up in the sky every day, but not like this!

Why does it shine?

Where does all the Sun's energy come from exactly? How does it make so much heat?

If you liked this, you may like:

Make colorful star cookies!

Make a Fan with Earth's Layers

Make Handprint Art Using Ultraviolet Light!

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How old is the Sun?

It burns so brightly, but how long has it been doing that? And how much longer will it shine?

What does it look like?

Look at amazing pictures of our Sun. You see it up in the sky every day, but not like this!

Why does it shine?

Where does all the Sun's energy come from exactly? How does it make so much heat?
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	Printable Space Valentines!	    

	What Is an Asteroid?	    

	What Is the Sun's Corona?	    

Skywatching Tips!

	What's up in the night sky this month? Check out a summary and skywatching tips from NASA!

	What Is a Solar Eclipse?	    

Help the Traveler snap photos of an eclipse!Click here to play!

Play Snap It!

This Month's Art Challenge Selections

For Earth Day, think of something on Earth that involves a lot of smaller parts coming together to make something big.

Alonzo, 10

Amyra, 5

Aurora, 8

Ava, 11

Bella, 8

Elladya, 9

Ivy, 10

Josie, 11

Kathryn, 14

Kavinandhan

Konrad, 4

Lara

Luisa, 11

Mara, 9

Naisha, 7

Pawel, 7

Ryan

Suwan, 6

Taifur, 5

Varvara, 5

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        Last Updated: May 6th, 2024    

  

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Make a CD Saturn | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Make a CD Saturn | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

saturn-model

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cassini

Make a CD Saturn

Make a CD Saturn
If you can find an unwanted CD or DVD, you can make your own jewel in the sky!

Saturn is almost everybody's favorite "alien" planet.
You can make a lovely model of Saturn and her rings. You can hang your model Saturn from the ceiling and watch it gracefully turn with the air currents. Or your Saturn will make a beautiful holiday decoration.
For each Saturn model, you will need:

One unwanted compact disc (CD) or digital video disc (DVD)
One 2-inch diameter styrofoam ball, carefully cut in half with a sharp knife

 Please ask an adult to help you cut the styrofoam ball.

White glue
Wooden toothpicks
Paint brush, about 1/4 to 1/2 inch wide
Glitter—silver, gold, black or any other colors you want
Yarn, black or other colors (optional)
Needle-nosed pliers (or scissors will do)
Small paper clip
Thread

What to do:
Our pictures are just suggestions. Decorate your Saturn and rings however you want.
First, start with the rings:

The CD will become Saturn's rings. Usually one side of the CD has printing on it. This is the side you will decorate with glitter.
Try not to get glitter in the center part of the CD, where you will be gluing the styrofoam ball.
Rinse the paintbrush out between uses, so it will stay soft and easy to use.
Use the paintbrush to carefully spread glue on the CD. If you want to make it look like some of the rings are silver and some gold, spread the glue only where you want to put the first color, then sprinkle the glitter on the wet glue. Let it dry completely. Then repeat for the remaining areas. You can use as many different colors as you want.
Get Involved With Sun-Earth Days 2013


Get Involved With Sun-Earth Days 2013

Sun-Earth Days 2013

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Educators
This collection of lesson plans and 'easy to do' activities are just the hook you need to bring the science of Space Weather to your students. Here you can do everything from building an edible model of the sun to learning how to make a real space weather broadcast!

K-5 Lesson Plans
6-8 Lesson Plans
9-12 Lesson Plans

Public Outreach
This section has been specifically designed for you, the museums, planetaria, parks, youth clubs, and educators from community organizations around the globe! Here you will find program ideas and a growing list of 'Make and Take' activities designed just for you!

Program Ideas
Make and Take Activities
Resources in Other Languages

Scientists
Scientific discoveries have a tremendous impact on the world as we know it. As a scientist you have the opportunity to have an even greater impact on the world of education! This section is designed just for you. Here you will find resources to help you Get Connected, Get Involved and Develop Your Program.

How To Get Involved
Get Connected
Develop Your Program

Amateur Astronomers
Join us in this year's 'AA Challenge' by holding your own sun/star party and giving a public talk. When you're finished, send us at least one picture of your event(s) to post on the Sun-Earth Dayss web site! All of the requirements and instruction are right here!

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Space Weather Forecasting costs only $5 million a year, but supports over $500 billion in annual revenue from the satellite and electrical power industries.
        

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PDFs of Space Place activities | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Try this one, made from three styrofoam meat trays.
Download Balloon-powered Nanorover Activity PDF
View Balloon-powered Nanorover Activity

Build a bubble-powered rocket! Build your own rocket using paper and fizzing tablets! Watch it lift off. How high does your rocket go?
Download Bubble-powered Rocket Activity PDF
View Bubble-powered Rocket Activity

Hear tiny sounds with a Super Sound Cone! Make a simple sound cone to turn up the volume on whatever sounds are coming from a particular direction. You will be amazed!
Download Super Sound Cone Activity PDF
View Super Sound Cone Activity

"See" inside a closed box! Suppose someone shows you a box and says it contains a mysterious object. Figure out what's in the box without looking or touching and the object is yours!
The box has no lid, but is covered by a piece of paper so you can't see inside. You are allowed to poke small holes in the paper with a sharp, straight stick of some kind, like a knitting needle, but you can't peek inside. How would you discover what's in the box?.
Download Topographic Map Activity PDF
View Topographic Map Activity

Make a topographic map! Build your own mountain and make a topo map of it!
Download Topographic Map Activity PDF
View Topographic Map Activity

 	article last updated August 12, 2020
 

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Universe | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Universe | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

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View in English

La Tierra
El Sol
Sistema Solar
Universo
Tecnología
Educadores

El Universo

 

¿Qué es el Tránsito?

 El Tránsito es cuando un objeto se cruza frente a otro objeto en el espacio. La Luna transita por el Sol durante un eclipse, pero ¿sabías que otros objetos también pueden transitar? Aprende más acerca de este artículo. 

¿Qué tan viejas son las galaxias?

 ¡La mayoría de las galaxias se formaron hace más de 10 mil millones de años! Aprende cómo sabemos la edad de las galaxias usando la luz. 

¿Qué es un año luz?

 Un año luz es la distancia que recorre la luz en un año terrestre. Aprenda cómo usamos los años luz para medir la distancia de los objetos en el espacio. 
explore

¿Qué es una nebulosa?

 Una nebulosa es una nube de polvo y gas en el espacio. 

¿Cuántos Sistemas Solares Hay en Nuestra Galaxia?

 Guía del menú: los astrónomos han descubierto 2.500 hasta el momento, ¡pero es probable que haya muchos más! 
explore

¿Qué es una supernova?

 ¡Aprende más sobre estas estrellas en explosión! 
explore

¿Qué es una onda gravitatoria?

 ¿Cómo nos dan las ondas gravitacionales una nueva forma de aprender sobre el universo? 
explore

¿Qué es un exoplaneta?

 ¿Qué es un exoplaneta? ¿Y cómo sabemos que están ahí afuera? 
explore

Tipos de galaxias
PDFs of Space Place activities | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Find and print a planet mask activity PDF here.

Make a comet on a stick! A comet is a chunk of ice, rock, and gas flying through space. When they get close to the sun, they heat up. We can see their glow and long tails. In this activity, you’ll make your own comet that can fly around the room!
Download Comet on a Stick Activity PDF
View Comet on a Stick Activity

Make asteroids you can eat! Create your own odd-shaped asteroids out of plain old mashed potatoes. Bake them in the oven to turn them (more or less) asteroid color. Then eat your asteroids for dinner!
Download Asteroid Potatoes Activity PDF
View Asteroid Potatoes Activity

Make Moon cookies! No baking required!
Download Moon Cookies Activity PDF
View Moon Cookies Activity

Build a Moon habitat! Pretend you are an astronaut working with your teammates on the Moon to build your new lunar home.
Download Moon Habitat Activity PDF
View Moon Habitat Activity

Make Oreo Moon phases! Open up some Oreo cookies and scrape off the creme filling to make the four major phases of the Moon
Download Oreo Moon Phases Activity PDF
View Oreo Moon Phases Activity

Make a CD Saturn! You can make a lovely model of Saturn and her rings. You can hang your model Saturn from the ceiling and watch it gracefully turn with the air currents. Or your Saturn will make a beautiful holiday decoration. 
Download CD Saturn Activity PDF
View CD Saturn Activity

Universe

Make universe slime! Did you know that our universe is stretching out in all directions? Make your own stretchy universe slime.
Download Universe Slime Activity PDF
View Universe Slime Activity

Make a pinwheel galaxy pinwheel! The Pinwheel Galaxy is a spiral-shaped galaxy about 21 million light years away from Earth. Scientists call this swirling galaxy M101. You can find it in the constellation Ursa Major, or the "Big Dipper," in the Northern Hemisphere. With a nice, dark sky, you can see it with binoculars or a small telescope.
Make Handprint Art Using Ultraviolet Light! | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids
Open the sunscreen and squirt a pea-sized amount onto your hand.

Rub the sunscreen all over the palms of your hands and the surfaces of your fingers. Don't rub it in so much that the sunscreen all absorbs into your skin. You should still barely see the thin layer of sunscreen on your hands.

Place your hands firmly on the construction paper. Be sure to press down all of your fingers and the palms of your hands.

Place the piece of construction paper outside in a sunny spot. Make sure that the spot you choose will have constant sunlight for 3 to 4 hours.

Place a small rock on each corner of the sheet of paper. This will prevent the paper from blowing away in the wind.

Leave the paper out in the sun for 3 to 4 hours. 

After the long wait is over, go outside and look at your paper. You should notice that the sun's UV rays have faded the color of the paper. However, the areas that were protected from UV rays by the sunscreen still have the original bold color.

Download a PDF of this activity.

 	article last updated October 7, 2020
 

More about the sun!

How old is the sun?

Make sun paper!

Why does it shine?

If you liked this, you may like:

Why Does the Sun Burn Us?

Glossary

Make a Fan with Earth's Layers

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Welcome to Imagine the Universe! This site is intended for students age 14 and up, and for anyone interested in learning about our universe. If you're looking for grade school level astronomy information, please see the StarChild web site. Enjoy your cosmic journey!
Latest Features

We've Expanded Our Coloring Pages
Imagine the Universe has expanded our collection of coloring pages. Besides the ones showing scenes from NASA's Black Hole Safety video, we now have coloring pages based on stained glass-inspired depictions of Fermi and its science, as well as a set with scenes from the NASA's Tips for Near-light-speed Travel video.

Afterschool Universe is Now Hosted on Imagine the Universe
Afterschool Universe is an out-of-school-time curriculum for middle schoolers to learn about the universe and the ways that scientists study it.

Cosmic Times is Now Hosted on Imagine the Universe
Cosmic Times is a series of curriculum support materials that trace the history of our understanding of the universe during the past 100 years, from Einstein's formulation of gravity to the discovery of dark energy.

Stars exploding? Who would do such a thing?
Join detective Eagle Quark as he investigates the mystery of the exploding stars through the Space Forensics interactive game.

Featured Scientist: Dr. Marc Kuchner
Marc Kuchner was born in Montreal, Canada, while his Dad as doing his residency at McGill University. However, he grew up in Long Island, New York, where his family moved when he was just 4 years old.

 
 
 

 

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Teachable Moments – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
The Change of Seasons: Views from Space
Student Activity
Type Slideshow
Subject Science

Take the Pi in the Sky Challenge
Student Activity
Type Slideshow
Subject Math

Make a Cloud in a Bottle
Student Activity
Type Project
Subject Science

NASA's Earth Minute
Student Activity
Type Video Series
Subject Science

May 31, 2019
Celebrate the Anniversary of NASA's Apollo Moon Landing
 Explore the incredible history of the Apollo missions and find out what's in store for NASA's next mission to the Moon.

Read the blog

Explore Lessons and Activities

Observing the Moon
Subject Science
Grades K-6
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Moon Phases
Subject Science
Grades 1-6
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Whip Up a Moon-Like Crater
Subject Science
Grades 1-6
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Modeling the Earth-Moon System
Subject Science
Grades 6-8
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

Make a Moon Phases Calendar and Calculator
Student Activity
Type Project
Subject Science

Make a Straw Rocket
Student Activity
Type Project
Subject Engineering

Make an Astronaut Lander
Student Activity
Type Project
Subject Engineering

Make a Cardboard Rover
Student Activity
Type Project
Subject Engineering

April 19, 2019
How Scientists Captured the First Image of a Black Hole
Find out how scientists created a virtual telescope as large as Earth itself to capture the first image of a black hole's silhouette.

Read the blog

Explore Lessons and Activities

Black Hole Math Problems
Subject Math
Grades 6-12
Time Varies

Dropping In With Gravitational Waves
Subject Science
Grades 6-8
Time 30 mins - 1 hr

How Do We See Dark Matter?
Subject Science
Grades 6-12
Time < 30 mins

What Is a Black Hole?
Student Activity
Type Video
Subject Astronomy

Black Holes: By the Numbers
Student Activity
Type Slideshow
Subject Astronomy

March 8, 2019
Activities for Students – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
All topicsAeronauticsAircraft Probes, Satellites and/or SpacecraftAlgebraArtsAstrobiologyAstronomyChemistryComputer ScienceData Collection, Analysis and ProbabilityEarthEarth and Space ScienceEarth HistoryEarth ProcessesEarth ScienceEarth StructureEarth, Moon and SunElectricity and MagnetismEnergyEngineering and TechnologyGeometryHeat and ThermodynamicsImage Processing and VisualizationLanguage ArtsLife SciencesLight and OpticsMathematicsMeasurementMotion and ForcesNumber and OperationsPhysical SciencesProblem SolvingRemote SensingScience and SocietySolar SystemStates of MatterStructure and Properties of MatterTechnology and SocietyThe Design ProcessThe Nature of ScienceThe Nature of TechnologyThe Scientific Process 

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Try it out!
In this challenge, you will build and program a light-powered device that can move to collect as much light as possible while not overheating.

project
Make and Code a Light-Powered Device

project

Make and Code a Light-Powered Device

In this challenge, you will build and program a light-powered device that can move to collect as much light as possible while not overheating.TAGS:Climate ChangeEarthEarth's MoonJupiterMarsMissionsMoonsRoversSolarSolar PowerSolar PanelJunoPsycheCodingIo FlybySpacecraftSun

Check it out!
Find out how many spacecraft have been to Jupiter and what they discovered about the giant of our solar system.

slideshow
Exploring Jupiter

slideshow

Exploring Jupiter

Find out how many spacecraft have been to Jupiter and what they discovered about the giant of our solar system.TAGS:JunoGalileoVoyagerHubbleCassiniNew HorizonsIo FlybyJupiterMissionsSpacecraft

Check it out!
Build your own spacecraft and use it to uncover secrets beneath Jupiter.

project
Make a Jupiter Orbiter

project

Make a Jupiter Orbiter

Build your own spacecraft and use it to uncover secrets beneath Jupiter.TAGS:JunoJupiterMissionsSpacecraft

Watch!
Why is NASA sending a spacecraft to the most giant (and possibly most dangerous) planet in our solar system?

video