vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Approaches to Composting | US EPA
On-farm Composting
On-farm composting takes place in the agricultural sector and may use a combination of crop residues, manure, straw, and other feedstocks generated on the farm to create compost. Farms may also choose to take in materials from residents or businesses in the surrounding community to increase their compost production or generate revenue in tipping fees. The compost produced can be used on the farm and reduce the need to purchase soil amendments and fertilizers. Selling compost can diversify a farm’s revenue streams.
Collection Programs
Collecting organic materials for composting can take place at different scales and through different methods. Some cities and towns offer curbside collection of yard trimmings or food scraps, or both, as part of their residential trash and recycling collection services. Private haulers also offer collection services.
Organic materials can also be collected at drop-off sites - locations with dedicated bins where people bring food scraps to be composted. Locations are often at community gardens, farmers markets, schools, parks, or municipal buildings.

Methods of Composting
Various methods for composting have different requirements in terms of labor, energy, land use, time, and volume of materials. Choosing the right method is key to a composting program's success. The methods described below are common in the U.S. but not representative of all composting methods in use.
Static Pile/Bin with Passive Aeration
Passively aerated static piles – freestanding or contained in bins – can be used to process smaller volumes of compostable materials, such as in home, community, and on-site composting. These piles rely on passive aeration rather than active aeration to maintain optimal temperature and oxygen levels. Passive aeration is caused by warm air heated by microbial activity rising to the top of the pile as cool air is drawn in through the sides and bottom of the pile to replace it, known as the “chimney effect.” When mixing organic materials in the pile, it is important to ensure there is enough free air space throughout the pile to support aeration. Adding bulking agents such as wood chips creates a less dense pile for oxygen to flow.
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Approaches to Composting | US EPA
Mention of or referral to commercial products or services or links to non-EPA sites does not imply official EPA endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data, or products presented at those locations or guarantee the validity of the information provided. Mention of commercial products/services on non-EPA websites is provided solely as a pointer to information on topics related to environmental protection that may be useful to EPA staff and the public.

Visit the webpages below for more composting information:
The Composting Handbook (Compost Research and Education Foundation).
Toolkit for Adding Food Waste to a Yard Trimmings Compost Facility (pdf)(8.4 MB) (Center for EcoTechnology and BioCycle).
Best Management Practices for Incorporating Food Residuals into Existing Yard Waste Composting Operations (pdf)(2.8  MB)(U.S. Composting Council).
Curb to Compost Toolkit – how to include food scrap collection in an existing yard debris program (Compost Education and Research Foundation).
Cornell Waste Management Institute.

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nine regional water quality control boards, operating under SWRCB's oversight. The regions' lists and TMDLs are both submitted to SWRCB for its review and
approval.
A number of other state agencies assist in the development of TMDLs, depending on the sources of pollution and beneficial uses of a particular water body. For
example, the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) would be involved if pesticides were the pollutants of concern, and the California Department of
Forestry and Fire Protection (CDFFP) would comment on a TMDL if timber harvesting was contributing to the impairment of a water body. The Department of
Fish and Game would be involved if fish and wildlife were beneficial uses of water that were impacted in an impaired water body.
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TMDLs may be developed by U.S. EPA or delegated by U.S. EPA to the state to develop.
The TMDL Requirements Largely Ignored from 1972 to the Early 1990s. The requirement for TMDLs was largely ignored by federal and state water quality
agencies until the early 1990s. Until then, water quality regulation had been focused on controlling point sources of pollution through state and federal
permitting programs. Although water quality had been improving, over 40 percent of assessed water bodies nationwide remained too polluted for fishing or
swimming. It became apparent that the remaining water pollution problems—largely associated with nonpoint source pollution—required different solutions. The
activation of the TMDL program in the 1990s, in part instigated by lawsuits against the federal government to enforce the TMDL requirements, provides a
planning framework to address these problems.
Current State List of Impaired Water Bodies. The most recent list of impaired water bodies in the state (1998) lists 509 impaired water bodies for which 1,471
TMDLs have to be developed.
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Composting Process
Organic materials, such as wasted food, dry leaves, and untreated wood chips, are separated from other materials such as packaging, and collected to be composted. These materials are known as feedstocks in the composting process. The feedstocks are mixed in a composting system, or pile, to begin the decomposition process.
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HomeWhat We DoFunding Your Projects Proposition 1 – Water Bond

Proposition 1 – Water Bond

Restoration of creeks and fisheries is one of several project categories eligible for Prop 1 funding.

Funding Your ProjectsActive Transportation Program (ATP)Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) Forest HealthProposition 1 – Water BondProposition 68 – Parks & Water BondTribal Youth Nature-Based Solutions Conservation CorpsLocal Conservation Corps 
 

 

The Water Quality, Supply, and Infrastructure Improvement Act of 2014 (Prop 1) was approved by voters in November 2014 (California Water Code (CWC) Division 26.7).
Funding from Prop 1 is intended to fund projects that provide more reliable water supplies, restore important species and habitat, and develop a more resilient and sustainably managed water system (water supply, water quality, flood protection, and environment) that can better withstand environmental pressures in the coming decades.

 

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View the Prop 1 Corps Consultation Form – Revised December 2019 (PDF)