vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
News Around NOAA
This highlighted a hard truth — that while forecasts and warnings are extremely crucial, the public knowing how and when to take the right action based on this information is just as important.

December 2, 2021 - Heading into backcountry snow? Check the forecasts first
NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS), the U.S. Forest Service National Avalanche Center, and the Colorado Avalanche Information Center are working together to get you the information you need to keep you safe and informed while enjoying winter recreation.

November 30, 2021 - Active 2021 Atlantic hurricane season officially ends
The active 2021 Atlantic hurricane season officially concludes today having produced 21 named storms, including seven hurricanes of which four were major hurricanes.

 November 3, 2021 - Partners Working Together to Build a Weather-Ready Nation
Partners within the Weather-Ready Nation all work together to achieve weather-readiness. One example of this occurred on October 16, 2021, a pleasant fall Saturday, when a dangerous marine wind event developed in the Chesapeake Bay.

 October 13, 2021 - NWS Recognizes 2021 Ambassadors of Excellence
NOAA’s National Weather Service recognized “Ambassadors of Excellence” during the 5th annual Weather-Ready Nation Ambassador tour for their commitment and significant contributions to building a more Weather-Ready Nation.

 September 22, 2021 - Helping the deaf and hard of hearing become more Weather-Ready
 It’s the International Week of Deaf People and this year’s theme is “Celebrating Thriving Deaf Communities.”

 September 17, 2021 - 4 Fall Safety Tips
To help you and your loved ones prepare for fall hazards, such as hurricanes, drought, wildfires and more, the National Weather Service (NWS) launched its Fall Safety Campaign on September 1.

 September 16, 2021 - Climate Prediction Center launches new maps for temperature and precipitation outlooks
NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center (CPC) launched a new look and feel to some of their temperature and precipitation maps to better communicate upcoming climate outlooks across the U.S.

 September 14, 2021 - NOAA Announces Appointees to New Space Weather Advisory Group
The members were chosen to provide a range of views that represent the span of the space weather community and end-user sectors.

 September 13, 2021 - 7 rip current myths debunked
Climate Variability and Change Focus Area - NASA Science
NASA’s Physical Oceanography program supports basic research and analysis activities that enable development of NASA’s current and future physical oceanography satellite missions and the scientific interpretation of data from them.CVC for ScientistsScientific Meetings and ConferencesThere are no meetings or conferences planned at this time.Research and Funding OpportunitiesSolicited program elements relevant to CVC are publicized through the Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) NASA Research Announcements (NRAs) on the NASA Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System (NSPIRES) website. Past, open, and future solicitations can be searched and viewed on NSPIRES.Current ROSES solicitations of interest to the  Climate Variability and Change community:A.12 Ocean Surface Topography Science TeamA.14 Integrated SWOT Water Field Campaign: Due Dates TBDA.15 Modeling, Analysis, and PredictionA.16 Cryospheric ScienceA.8 Physical Oceanography Past CVC ROSES Solicitations_updated2.pdfNASA Research Resources, Associated Programs, and PartnershipsAccess NASA data related to Climate Variability and Change and learn more about center-level CVC programs and partnerships at the links below:Guiding and Planning Documents2017 Earth Science Applications from Space 2007 Earth Science Applications from SpaceDistributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs)National Snow & Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Physical Oceanography (PODAAC)NASA Center ProgramsAmes Research Center Earth Science Division, Global Ecosystem Research Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Climate Impacts Research GroupGISS, Global Climate Modeling Group Goddard Space Flight Center, Climate Lab Research GSFC, Cryospheric Sciences LabJet Propulsion Laboratory, Center for Climate Sciences JPL, Cryospheric Sciences GroupJPL, Ocean Circulation Group JPL, Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the OceanLangley Science Directorate, Climate and Weather Research Marshall Space Flight
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Global Warming
Seager, R., Ting, M., Held, I., Kushnir, Y., Lu, J., Vecchi, G., Huang, H., et al. (2007). Model Projections of an Imminent Transition to a More Arid Climate in Southwestern North America. Science, 316(5828), 1181-1184.
Shepherd, A., and Wingham, D. (2007). Recent sea-level contributions of the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets. Science, 315, 1529-1532.
Soden, B. J. and Held, I.M. (2006, July). An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean-atmosphere models. Journal of Climate, 19: 3354-3360.
Stainforth, D. A., Aina, T., Christensen, C., Collins, M., Faull, N., Frame, D. J., Kettleborough, J. A., et al. (2005). Uncertainty in predictions of the climate response to rising levels of greenhouse gases. Nature, 433(7024), 403-406.
U.S. Climate Change Science Program. (April 2006). Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere. Accessed April 13, 2007.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2007). Climate Change. Accessed March 22, 2007.
U.S. Geological Survey. (2009, December 29). Volcanic gases and their effects. Volcano Hazards Program. Accessed March 29, 2010.
Velicogna, I., and Wahr, J., (2006). Measurements of time-variable gravity show mass loss in Antarctica. Science, 311 (5768), 1754-1756.
Weir, J. (2002, April 8). Global Warming. Earth Observatory. Accessed April 13, 2007.

Related Reading
United States Global Change Research Program.
Real Climate

Introduction
Global Warming
How is Today’s Warming Different from the Past?
Is Current Warming Natural?
How Much More Will Earth Warm?
Global Warming
Hansen, J., Nazarenko, L., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., Willis, J., Del Genio, A., Koch, D., Lacis, A., Lo, K., Menon, S., Novakov, T., Perlwitz, J., Russell, G., Schmidt, G.A., and Tausnev, N. (2005, June 3). Earth’s energy imbalance: confirmation and implications. Science, 308, 1431-1435.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2007). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Summary for Policymakers. A Report of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Summary for Policymakers. A Report of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Joint Science Academies. (2005). Joint Science Academies’ Statement: Global Response to Climate Change. June 2005.
Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Cattani, O., Dreyfus, G., Falourd, S., Hoffmann, G., Minster, B., et al. (2007). Orbital and Millennial Antarctic Climate Variability over the Past 800,000 Years. Science, 317(5839), 793-796.
Labitzke, K., Butchart, N., Knight, J., Takahashi, M., Nakamoto, M., Nagashima, T., Haigh, J., et al. (2002). The global signal of the 11-year solar cycle in the stratosphere: observations and models. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 64(2), 203-210.
Laštovička, J., Akmaev, R. A., Beig, G., Bremer, J., & Emmert, J. T. (2006).
Global Warming
The paleoclimate record combined with global models shows past ice ages as well as periods even warmer than today. But the paleoclimate record also reveals that the current climatic warming is occurring much more rapidly than past warming events.
As the Earth moved out of ice ages over the past million years, the global temperature rose a total of 4 to 7 degrees Celsius over about 5,000 years. In the past century alone, the temperature has climbed 0.7 degrees Celsius, roughly ten times faster than the average rate of ice-age-recovery warming.

Temperature histories from paleoclimate data (green line) compared to the history based on modern instruments (blue line) suggest that global temperature is warmer now than it has been in the past 1,000 years, and possibly longer. (Graph adapted from Mann et al., 2008.)

Models predict that Earth will warm between 2 and 6 degrees Celsius in the next century. When global warming has happened at various times in the past two million years, it has taken the planet about 5,000 years to warm 5 degrees. The predicted rate of warming for the next century is at least 20 times faster. This rate of change is extremely unusual.

Is Current Warming Natural?
In Earth’s history before the Industrial Revolution, Earth’s climate changed due to natural causes not related to human activity. Most often, global climate has changed because of variations in sunlight. Tiny wobbles in Earth’s orbit altered when and where sunlight falls on Earth’s surface. Variations in the Sun itself have alternately increased and decreased the amount of solar energy reaching Earth. Volcanic eruptions have generated particles that reflect sunlight, brightening the planet and cooling the climate. Volcanic activity has also, in the deep past, increased greenhouse gases over millions of years, contributing to episodes of global warming.
A biographical sketch of Milutin Milankovitch describes how changes in Earth’s orbit affects its climate.
These natural causes are still in play today, but their influence is too small or they occur too slowly to explain the rapid warming seen in recent decades. We know this because scientists closely monitor the natural and human activities that influence climate with a fleet of satellites and surface instruments.
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