vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
"If a company is doing well, it seems less likely to go bankrupt.  If a company is doing poorly, it seems more likely to go bankrupt.  The problem is, where is the inflection point between ""well"" and ""poorly""?  When does a company start to head into oblivion?  Sometimes it is hard to know.  But if you don't call that right and hold onto your shares when a company is tanking, others, who call it before you do, will sell off, devalue the share price, and now you've missed your chance to get out at a good profit.  If you hang on too long, the company may just go bankrupt and you've lost your investment entirely. A healthy profitability of the company therefore has to bolster investor confidence in avoiding this very unpleasant scenario.  Therefore, the more profitable a company is, the more shareholder confidence it inspires, and the more willing to pay for it in the form of increased share price.  And, this then has a ""meta"" effect, in that each shareholder thinks, ""all other investors think this way, too,"" and so each feels good about holding the stock, since he knows he can likely easily liquidate it for good cash if he needs to, either now or in the next year or sometime hence."
http://www.euroinvestor.com/exchanges/nasdaq/macromedia-inc/41408/history will work as DumbCoder states, but didn't contain LEHMQ (Lehman Brother's holding company). You can use Yahoo for companies that have declared bankruptcy, such as Lehman Brothers: http://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=LEHMQ&a=08&b=01&c=2008&d=08&e=30&f=2008&g=d but you have to know the symbol of the holding company.
Nope, sorry.  ChemChina-Syngenta are not US companies and they couldn't care less about US when it comes to long term strategy. Chem china is also in about to merge with sino chem.  This will be by far the largest diversified company in the world. followed by BASF.  Dow Dupont, will shrink, since they have the weakest global reach, compared to Asian and european counterpart.   Bayer-Monsanso? They see the writing on the wall. Either they  look for partners quickly or become irrelevant.   There is no option. Either become bigger/more  efficient or perish.
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They still won't reflect reality. Might be marginally better, but people inherently use optimistic assumptions when evaluating acquisitions. The cost savings numbers are always overstated. Synergies tend to be bullshit. Revenue growth always slows. Margins are optimistic.   The fact is the person getting fucked in this - the shareholder - doesn't really have a seat at the table. And all the true decision makers want the deal. The CEO wants the deal. The bankers want the deal. The Corp Dev team wants the deal as well - they need to justify their existence, and if they always say no they will be painted as overly negative by a deal horny CEO. And in the end the Board almost always listens to the CEO
That's a simple overhead calculation.  For secretary how much time is this person going to potentially save verses how much time I spend on those tasks.  If secretary pay rate is near, equal, or less than what I spend in my own hourly rate it makes sense to hire.  If it is not, do not hire, you don't want to loose money on overhead or have people sitting around doing nothing.  Brand Manager is more complicated because it involves speculation and projection.  I would want some kind of trial solution before a more permanent solution was decided on.  For example, if brand manager is renewing my brand image what do I anticipate that new image will bring in additional revenue, or alternatively, what new markets will my product now be able to tap into that it was not able to tap into before.  Then I would do the simple sales calculation of how much revenue would I need to expect to cover the cost of the overhead and project to justify viability.  Then simply ask the question of if it is reasonable to expect those kinds of returns from this person or project.  In business there is risk.  There's really two ways to look at risk, big risk = big reward and screw the consequences if we fail, or make sure that risk is diminished as much as possible before making a decision.  I would say most start-ups begin with big risk = big reward and then evolve into diminishing risk as much as possible.  Both have many good and many bad examples.  Most involve businesses dead before they figure out how to diminish risk, or in extreme examples wall street people diminishing risk by cheating the system, but we aren't discussing ethics.
The primary drivers of cash flow in a software firm is the productivity and skill of your employees. How is that reflected in a balance sheet? Well, take a company like Adobe or Salesforce, or even Microsoft.  What would you be able to tell about each from their balance sheets? You can look at their cash level, and what else would matter?
"**Warning:**  Really fucking simplified (like undergrad ""intro to corp finance"" simple).  Tell them they are running a company.  Say they just received a huge pile of cash (end of year earnings or some shit).  Tell them they have two options:  * Invest the money to expand current operations (say they make footballs) and continue making 10% ROE or w/e return their current operations make.  * Invest the money into a new project, say expanding products and making soccer balls.    Now ask them what rate of return from soccer balls would they need to receive to make it justifiable to pursue that project instead of just putting that cash back in footballs?  I mean, ask them if they received only a 5% ROE from soccer balls, would it make sense to produce them instead of expanding football production?  The required rate of return on the soccer ball project would be whatever return they'd make from their other project option (expanding football production)."
i will not calculate it for you but just calculate the discounted cash flow (by dividing with 1.1 / 1.1^2 / 1.1^3   ...)of each single exercise as stated and deduct the 12.000 of the above sum.  in the end compare which has the highest npv
"Edgar Online has this information for companies under SEC regulations and they are reported in ""Form 4"" so that should help guide your search"
A company is only as good as its business. No matter whether that business is direct, indirect, or simply leasing an idea, you will need sales and marketing expertise. Selling a better commodity is still selling a commodity, and avoiding basic marketing is not how you generate interest. Take the advice of others here and educate yourself. Work in the field, take a class, do something to further your understanding.
So Betas are not found on a company's financial statements. Beta is essentially a measure of the covariance of an asset and the overall market return, in relation to the variance of the market's return.  A beta of 1 is to describe an asset whose daily returns mimic the returns of the overall market. A beta of &gt;1 describes an asset whose returns are greater than the market return and a beta &lt;1 describes an asset whose returns are less than the market return.  To the extent that the asset you are comparing to the market index is a share of common stock, the beta you are looking at is levered if the company has debt or preferred stock.  The technique your professor is alluding to is the process of unlevering betas of two different companies that may have similar underlying operating assets but because of different capital structures, have different betas when using their common stock returns. This adjustment makes comparing different betas between companies agnostic of the capital structure used.
Don't pick a fight if the guy up the road is charging less, and don't give the customer shit for not knowing how to compare quotes. Show them the meaningful difference in your estimate, explain to them why it's not worth your time to match lowball quotes for junk work, and let them make the decision. - Do every job right. This is something that pays off in the long-run, exponentially. If you can't do it right, don't take it. Make sure that everyone who has ever done business with you comes out happy and satisfied that you were the best option available. - Having the lowest price might get you the most business in the first couple of years, but doing the best work will earn you the most profits and will help build a multi-million-dollar business in the decades to come."
I like to look at Alpha, Beta, St. Dev., Sharpe Ratio, and R-Squared. It's also good to know how they work together. i.e.: Say you're comparing a fund to an index and the fund has a low beta, but the r-squared is low (&lt;70 is low for my usage). The beta loses some significance in that instance.   You want to be able to look at these 5 metrics, know what they mean on their own, and what they say about each other.  Sorry if that was poorly worded, Mondays...
"As a former computer engineer turned Finance guy, I'll attest that Matlab (or even R) are immensely better analytic tools than Excel/VBA. Excel and VBA are ""good enough"" if all you're going to do is cookie-cutter DCF analysis (...lame), but if you want to do any advanced monte carlo simulations or something that requires more than a few dozen iterations, you're going to need a sturdy mathematical programming language. Excel is nothing but a kiddie toy compared to those. Additionally, everyone and their dog knows Excel and VBA, adding Matlab or R to your resume definitely boosts your appeal to employers.  I prefer Matlab, but R is free and open-source so it's much more widely available. They both have similar syntax."
For video games the S&amp;P home entertainment software index will probably work. For airlines there's the S&amp;P airlines index but that may not work well for private jets.  You should browse different S&amp;P indicies based on GICS classifications or any other indicies you may find and then download their returns for the past few years and run a regression analysis on excel. Find the correlation between the indicies and the stock you're looking at then select the index with the highest correlation.
You can evaluate portfolio raw returns or risk adjusted returns. To evaluate raw returns, I would personally compute the total returns over the time period in question for both portfolios.  To compute total returns, split the time into a bunch of subperiods by the dates at which you contributed money.  Compute each subperiod return by dividing the value of the portfolio at the end of the subperiod (but before adding additional cash on that day) by the value at the beginning of the subperiod (after adding cash on that day).  Then multiply all these returns together.  Finally, subtract 1.  That's your total return. For the portfolio where you didn't add any money it's easy: just divide the end value by the beginning and subtract 1. Whichever has a higher return performed better. To compute risk adjusted returns, get the portfolio returns from both portfolios (daily or monthly) and use OLS to regress on a benchmark portfolio return (something like the S&P500).  The intercept of the regression is a measure of the risk-adjusted peformance of your portfolio.  Higher the better.  More sophisticated models will do multiple regression using a few benchmark portfolios at the same time.
Edmunds.com has a really cool guide that calculates some of these intangibles for a wide swath of cars under their True Cost to Own Ratings section. I highly recommend it.
The value of a company is totally different according to who buys it, why it buys it and why it buys it, so if you want to maximize the price, the quality and focus of the search is fundamental. FNBC Florida accumulates an immense experience advising on buy a business in florida of companies and uses a methodology aimed at maximizing the price. It is key to find, and to be interested in your company, the best buyers, those who can pay the most because they have more resources and because your company creates them more value.
"Check out Professor Damodaran's website: http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/ . Tons of good stuff there to get you started. If you want more depth, he's written what is widely considered the bible on the subject of valuation: ""Investment Valuation"". DCF is very well suited to stock analysis. One doesn't need to know, or forecast the future stock price to use it. In fact, it's the opposite. Business fundamentals are forecasted to estimate the sum total of future cash flows from the company, discounted back to the present. Divide that by shares outstanding, and you have the value of the stock. The key is to remember that DCF calculations are very sensitive to inputs. Be conservative in your estimates of future revenue growth, earnings margins, and capital investment. I usually develop three forecasts: pessimistic, neutral, optimistic. This delivers a range of value instead of a false-precision single number. This may seem odd: I find the DCF invaluable, but for the process, not so much the result. The input sensitivity requires careful work, and while a range of value is useful, the real benefit comes from being required to answer the questions to build the forecast. It provides a framework to analyze a business. You're just trying to properly fill in the boxes, estimate the unguessable. To do so, you pore through the financials. Skimming, reading with a purpose. In the end you come away with a fairly deep understanding of the business, how they make money, why they'll continue to make money, etc."
You could create your own spreadsheet of Cash Flows and use the XIRR function in Excel: The formula is:
Pre-clinical testing - In this stage, the company tests the drug for toxicity to major organs and potential side effects on other parts of the body. Through laboratory and animal testing, the company determines that the drug, in certain doses, is likely safe for use in humans. Once a drug passes the tests in this stage, the company submits an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to the FDA. This application contains results from the animal/laboratory tests, details of the manufacturing process, and detailed proposals for human clinical trials should the FDA approve the company's IND application. Clinical trials - If the FDA approves the IND application, the company moves forward with clinical trials in human, which are themselves divided into several stages. ""Post-clinical phase"" / ongoing trials - This stage is sometimes considered Phase IV of the clinical trials stage. Once the drug has been approved by the FDA or other regulatory agency, the company can ramp up its marketing efforts to physicians and consumers. The company will likely continue conducting clinical trials, as well as monitoring data on the widespread use of the drug, to both watch for unforeseen side effects or opportunities for off-label use. I included such detailed information on the drug development process because it's vitally important to realize that each and every step in this process has a cost, both in time and money. Most biopharm companies won't begin to realize profits from a successful drug until near the end of Phase III clinical trials. The vast R&D costs, in both time and money, required to bring an effective drug through all of these steps and into the marketplace can easily depress earnings for many years. Also, keep in mind that most of the compounds identified in the drug discovery stage won't become profitable pharmaceutical products. A company may identify 5,000 compounds that show promise in the drug discovery stage. On average, less than ten of these compounds will qualify for human tests. These ten drugs may start human trials, but only around 20% of them will actually pass Phase III clinical trials and be submitted for FDA approval. The pre-clinical testing stage alone takes an average of 10 years to complete for a single drug. All this time, the company isn't earning profit on that drug.
REIT's are a different beast than your normal corporate stock (such as $AAPL).  Here is a good article to get you started.  From there you can do some more research into what you think you will need to truly evaluate an REIT. How To Assess A Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)  Excerpt: When evaluating REITs, you will get a clearer picture by looking at funds from operations (FFO) rather than looking at net income. If you are seriously considering the investment, try to calculate adjusted funds from operations (AFFO), which deducts the likely expenditures necessary to maintain the real estate portfolio. AFFO is also a good measure of the REIT's dividend-paying capacity. Finally, the ratio price-to-AFFO and the AFFO yield (AFFO/price) are tools for analyzing an REIT: look for a reasonable multiple combined with good prospects for growth in the underlying AFFO. Good luck!
"Publicly traded companies files 10-Ks with the SEC, searchable on the EDGAR system.  If you want basic financial statement info then look for 10-Ks that are marked ""Interactive Data"", as for those the SEC has  broken everything out by statement into standard formats.  You could also use marketwatch which puts everything in financial statements into the same or as similar of categories as it can to make it easier to compare companies."
What would be the best way to estimate / calculate the basis risk exposure of a commodity trading company? Naturally companies are very cagey when it comes to such info, but is there a way to come up with an approximate number?
"In one personal finance book I read that if a company is located in a country with credit rating X it can't have credit rating better (lower - i.e. further from AAA level) than X. This is simply wrong. Real world evidence proves it wrong. Automatic Data Processing (ADP), Exxon Mobile (XOM), Johnson & Johnson (JNJ), and Microsoft (MSFT) all have a triple-A rating today, even though the United States doesn't. Toyota (TM) remained triple-A for many years even after Japanese debt was downgraded. The explanation was the following: country has rating X because risk of doing business with it is X and so risk of doing business with any company located in that country automatically can't be better than X. When reading financial literature, you should always be critical. Let's evaluate this statement. First off, a credit rating is not the ""risk of doing business."" That is way too generic. Specifically, a credit rating attempts to define an individual or company's ability to repay it's obligations. Buying treasuries constitutes as doing business with the gov't, but you can argue that buying stamps at USPS is also doing business with the gov't, and a credit rating won't affect the latter too much.  So a credit rating reflects the ability of an entity to repay it's obligations. What does the ability of a government to repay have to do with the ability of companies in that country to repay? Not much. Certainly, if a company keeps it's surplus cash all in treasuries, then downgrading the government will affect the company, but in general, the credit rating of a company determines the company's ability to pay."
There are forums online (Wall Street Oasis, Poets and Quants) that cover what you need to know for a Wall Street interview. That's the most efficient way.  But it's also important to research the company that you're interviewing for. Do they invest in equity or debt? Are they in a specialized industry (e.g., real estate, oil &amp; gas)? A model for a equity research firm is going to have different priorities from a LBO model for a private equity firm or a cash flow model for a bank/lending company.
It depends on the firm. I was interviewing with a few PE firms a few months ago, and the structure can vary. Some were definitely just LBO shops where the bulk of the staff were focused just on the deal. I remember a couple, however, that placed a lot of emphasis on getting in-house after the deal and performing what ultimately amounted to long term management consulting. These firms tended to hold companies for like 10+ years iirc. It sounds like there might be options out there in line with your passions, you just need to be pretty picky with the firm you join. I only remember one firm's name off the top of my head, but I'd be happy to pm it to you if you want to do some more research yourself.
"My favorite line:   ""Companies should generate enough profits to justify the price that shareholders are willing to pay for its shares. Once shareholders are no longer willing to pay up for those profits, they should invest that money elsewhere.""   This person loses all credibility right here."
"Investing in an existing company is almost like buying a house, or even becoming an ""Angel investor"" in a start-up. Before you start the process, decide how much you want to be involved in the day-to-day and which industries you would feel most comfortable in.  The latter is an important consideration since you would have to know sufficient about the industry in order to evaluate the quality of your prospective investment. Searching for a suitable business is a time-consuming process: The guidance for evaluating any company has been answered in another question, so I'll simply link. Most business owners are looking to their businesses to provide them a pension, so they often look to sell around retirement age.  Buying such a business is tricky - you may be assisting the next generation to finance the purchase which can have it's own struggles. Ideally you'll be looking for a young(ish) company with proven sales and which is looking to finance growth in an optimal way.  Such a company may have many options for raising capital so you'll be competing to invest. As to whether or not it's a good idea...  KFC only became a household name and global franchise after Pete Harman joined Harland Sanders as a partner.  Richard and Maurice McDonald may have founded McDonald's but it was Ray Kroc who made it a success. New partners bring in new ideas and fresh energy which the original entrepreneurs may have lost during the difficulties of starting out. But that goes back to my first query; just how much do you want to get involved?"
Are these estimates? I didn't see a link or source in there to actual financial statements. As a private company I'm not sure that information is public. A quick Google search didn't bring anything to light.  Regardless, I'd be much more interested in seeing Spotify's cash flow statement. For startup companies that can be much more indicative of health.