vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Specifically I'm trying to understand this pargraph:  &gt;Stripping the German mobile-phone unit of its cash and increasing its net debt before the IPO could help lower the unit’s average cost of capital, said Carlos Winzer, a senior vice president at Moody’s Investors Service.  &gt;“Telefonica Deutschland had a very strong cash position and no debt, so this move will allow the German unit to have a more efficient balance sheet structure,” said Winzer, who has covered Telefonica for 20 years  How does moving cash from the German unit to the Spanish Telefonica unit induce a more efficient balance sheet structure for the German unit?  Appreciate any help!
Yes  I kow my questions are broad and debatable, I was looking to spark the interest of multiple perspectives/opinions.   Regarding the strength of western economic fundamentals, I think a lot of it has to do with simply better performance by companies, especially in Western Europe. I think both this performance (companies' broad EPS growth) as well as less anxiety over the future of the Eurozone/PIIG debt crisis has engendered a broad feeling of positive animal spirits.   Imo this has become a recursive self fulfilling prophesy in the markets as people's optimistic expectations of the future leads to higher investment, lending and risk taking, which results in growth, which then rewards and spurs further spending/investment. The other argument (especially in EU) is that the ECB's sustained accommodative monetary policy policy is finally trickling down into European asset prices just like they did for US equities from 2011-2015.   Regarding your series of questions about China/NK, I was genuinely hoping for answers/opinions on those questions you proposed. I think China is playing Trump and the State Dept like a fiddle - stringing us along with this Kim debacle while they quietly consolidate sea territory (man-made military islands) &amp; drilling rights in the South China Sea.
We can't run out of money, but the buying power of that money can be significantly reduced to the point where it's fundamentally useless, i.e. inter-war Germany and many countries in South and Central America. Germany managed to skate by by creating a new Deutschmark in a confidence trick, and it worked because Germany is a solid, iron clad manufacturing powerhouse of a lot of stuff. The only thing we're a solid, iron clad manufacturing powerhouse of is sophisticated weapons systems and little scraps of paper we say are valuable.  My question is, at what point do we engage Washington's unlimited money printing presses until we reach that point? What's our optimum level of monopoly money output? We shouldn't just charge madly into the abyss
Sweden is currently ranked 11th in the world for [GDP per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita). Matter of fact, the only country in the top ten of that list that don't have a strong tax policy is Qatar - and that is only because of ridiculous oil money. Would like to see where they sit in two years. Sweden last year had an [economic growth rate of 4.1%](http://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2016/11/14/111716Sweden-Great-Economic-Performance-but-Mind-the-Debt). More than 3 times what the growth rate in the US was, at [1.6% for 2016](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/u-s-economic-growth-slowed-in-2016-to-1-9/). It was ranked [#34 in the world for economic growth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_real_GDP_growth_rate), just under your Bahamas with their no income tax, no estate or wealth tax, but well above the US at 47. The IMF matter of fact said their economy was ""in good health and growing robustly""... So, not sure where you are getting your facts from, but may want to think again. I would recommend that you actually go visit a couple of these ""tax hellholes"" and see for yourself how ""crushed"" by their taxes these poor victims of government ""theft"" are..."
Japan currently has an economy roughly twice the size of Canada's. I'm not sure how fast Japan is growing but I think New York state might pass Canada's GDP in the next few years so i don't see Canada getting to Japan's level anytime soon.
"Very different statement. ""There's an asset bubble/opacity in Chinese real estate and equities"" is a BIT different from ""I never trust anything coming out of China. They're all smoke and mirrors.""  China has, in fact, had rapid economic growth for decades. The fact that you are a student makes me suspect you've been taught laissez-faire ideology rather than a more historically-grounded economic analysis that includes the role of things like infrastructure projects in economic growth (the primary driver of China's boom)."
This study fails to note that a higher minimum wage is a significant factor in the stronger seattle economy, which they conveniently cite as the dominant factor in higher earnings. You can separate the two and identify which is the primary effect, but not with their methodology.
While they definetly forgot this, it doesn't mean that Europe is perfect. In Germany for example we have quite a large deficit on wage increase if you compare it to the rise in productivity in the last two decades.   I'm not saying everything is bad but we are far from perfect.
As per Wikipedia of right now, here are unemployment figures for Switzerland and surrounding countries: Liechtenstein, unfortunately, does not have a large job market, given its total population of about 37,000 people. And note that the German figure of 4.5% is the lowest it has been for decades - I'd expect this number to go up and the Swiss one to stay constant. Bottom line: you will have an easier time finding a job in Switzerland. (Plus all the other good points the other answers raised: great mountains, great chocolate, low taxes, clean streets etc.)
Foreign business doesn't land in Russia because of its despotic nature. Russian state assets have been looted since the year 1991. The first generation gang was Moscow based Boris Yeltsin providing it breastfeeding. Since the year 2000 the Baskov Lane dwarf has seated the throne breastfeeding his buddies from Petrograd. Not Germans nor anyone else is willing to invest to a country driven by a bunch of ill behaving buccaneers. Not even Russian money stays in the country but is emigrating. I wonder why is that.
It's mostly VAT (value added tax or sales tax). For example an US IPad is $499 without tax, and a German IPad is EUR 499 including 17% VAT. The base price is actually only EUR 417.  In addition to that, cost of business is a little higher in Europe because of tax structures and because smaller countries cause higher overheads.
Well as you can guess economic growth has a positive effect on the economy as a whole and tends to be measured in the change of a countries GDP ([Gross Domestic Product](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product))   [Unemployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment) is the rate of people unemployed who should be working currently. High unemployment is bad as it shows there are people who could be making money (who would then spend it thus boosting GDP and inflation) and adding to a countries economy.  [Inflation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation) is an increase in the price of goods and is measured by a standardized 'basket' of goods. As people spend more and the economy heats up prices rise. You want a low but positive level of inflation, target rate in most developed countries is about 2% per year. At this level demand for goods is high and people are spending but too much higher and prices will pass the level people are willing to pay for the goods and the economy could overheat and have a downturn.  Read the wikipedia articles I linked, they'll help a lot. Feel free to ask any more questions you have!
"Everyone buys different kinds of goods. For example I don't smoke tobacco so I'm not affected by increased tobacco prices. I also don't have a car so I'm not affected by the reduced oil prices either. But my landlord increased the monthly fee of the apartment so my cost of living per month suddenly increased more than 10% relative to the same month a year before.  This is well known, also by the statistical offices. As you say, the niveau of the rent is not only time- but also location specific, so there are separate rent indices (German: Mietspiegel). But also for the general consumer price indices at least in my country (Germany) statistics are kept for different categories of things as well.  So, the German Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt) not only publishes ""the"" consumer price index for the standard consumer basket, but also consumer price indices  for oil, gas, rents, food, public transport, ... Nowadays, they even have a web site where you can put in your personal weighting for these topics and look at ""your"" inflation:  https://www.destatis.de/DE/Service/InteraktiveAnwendungen/InflationsrechnerSVG.svg Maybe something similar is available for your country?"
&gt; Taxes were much higher in the period immediately following the Second World War which is widely considered one of the most productive and stable periods of US economic history.  Nations around the world got bombed to shit during WW2, and when the war's over the US still has all its factories intact and got busy exporting equipment around the globe making hand over fist.  Even high taxes couldn't stop the might of the American Industrial Juggernaut.  However the situation today is much different.
&gt;Historically successful for another country.  It has been the case for the entire rise of the industrial revoluttion and for all western economies, all the economies that have the highest standards of living in the history of the world.  So by that metric it is pretty successful.  Good luck with your strawmen.
In diesem Beispiel übernimmt die Wiederanlage der alle Einnahmen und berücksichtigt keine Steuern oder Transaktionskosten.) Zwar Performance in der Vergangenheit keine Garantie für zukünftige Ergebnisse, ist historisch die negative Auswirkungen der kurzfristigen Preisschwankungen verringert worden, Investitionen über einen längeren Zeitraum zu halten. Aber auf eine längere Haltedauer zählen bedeutet, dass zusätzliche Planung gefordert ist. Sie sollten kein Geld investieren, die bald in eine flüchtige Investition benötigt werden. Andernfalls könnten Sie gezwungen sein, die Investition um Bargeld zu einem Zeitpunkt zu erhöhen, wenn die Investition mit Verlust ist, zu verkaufen. [Lesen sie hier mehr](http://www.ameripriseadvisors.com/team/abney-associates/articles/9/understanding-risk/)"
Taxes were much higher in the period immediately following the Second World War which is widely considered one of the most productive and stable periods of US economic history.  This guy is saying that he is able to run a company only when fiscal policy is dramatically bent to favor corporations and the rich.  More competitive companies will pick up the slack, or the goods and services he offers will go away.
It is much more complicated than WW3 = Economic stimulus! If you check again, right after WW2 the U.S. fell back into a recession.  The U.S. come out ahead for the reasons of Europe being in shambles, Roosevelt ensuring the US dollar would become world reserve currency. The world saw a massive gain in productivity because so much infrastructure *NEEDED* to be built new and rebuilt from destroyed old, factories had been geared up to produce maximum amount of goods from the way, and with a huge chunk of working age population lost left many positions open for work.  Of course my two paragraph overview can't ever do justice to the ramifications to the world economy.
Income inequality has been increasing quite a bit.  This means the rich are getting richer, with everyone else getting poorer.  The handful of rich peOple can't generate much economic activity.  They, for example, only eat 3 meals a day, buy a few cars a piece, own a few homes apiece, etc.  The massive numbers of people in the middle and lower cannot buy as much stuff as they used to.  For example, they eat out less; hold off buying that new car; go to fewer concerts, don't go on vacation, etc.   This lowers demand all around.  Less demand equals less economic activity.  Governmental austerity will only make matters worse, as this will lower demand even more, producing less economic activity.  This has been and continues happening in Europe big-time.  Germany is pretty the only country that ramped up government spending in the last few years, and bought their way out ofmtheir recession.  Greece, on the other hand, has had nothing but austerity and is circling the drain.    Tl;dr 1% lots of money can't spend enough--99% little money, just can't spend.
Obama put Geithner in Treasury and Holder in Justice and they  implemented the biggest fraud operation of all time. The worst businessmen in all of history got bailed out, kept their jobs and were not prosecuted. And the debt went to $20 trillion and $4 trillion in rolling over QE. You think Obama was good on the economy? How do you think those who elected him in the swing states went on to elect Trump?
we have massive numbers of people out of work and our infrastructure is crumbling.  We put people to work just like we did in the 30's; our infrastructure gets fixed and so does our economy.  I totally agree that for an economy to grow we have to make more stuff.  We're not making the stuff now because people cannot afford to purchase it.  If given funds, people would purchase stuff, and stuff would get made.  This got us out of them great depression and has kept Scandinavia strong, and even got Iceland out of it's terrible brush with Libertarianism.  Brazil is becoming a first world powerhouse by this sort of redistribution.  Redistributing money down the ladder has the benefit of working.    Austerity leads to Greece.  And Spain. And Portugal. And Ireland.  But not Germany, because they deficit-spent their way out of their recession.
In Germany ARD/ZDF (German equivalent of BBC) have a budget of 38.51bn€ per year for their television programs. But that includes investigative news programs, regional news and stuff like that. Not sure if that is something Netflix will ever get into.
Auf der praktischen Ebene können wir sagen, dass Risiko die Chance, ist dass Ihre Investition niedrigere Renditen als erwartet oder sogar einen Verlust Ihrer gesamten Investition vermitteln. Sie wahrscheinlich auch sind besorgt über die Chance, Ihre Anlageziele nicht erfüllen. Denn Sie investieren jetzt so können Sie etwas später tun (z. B. für Hochschule bezahlen oder bequem zurückziehen). Jede Investition trägt ein gewisses Risiko, einschließlich den möglichen Verlust des Prinzipals, und es kann keine Garantie dafür, dass alle Investment-Strategie erfolgreich sein wird. Deshalb ist es sinnvoll, die Arten von Risiken sowie das Ausmaß der Gefahr, die Sie auswählen, und Wege, sie zu handhaben lernen zu verstehen. WAS SIE WAHRSCHEINLICH BEREITS WISSEN, ÜBER DAS RISIKO Auch wenn Sie nie über das Thema gedacht haben vielleicht, sind Sie wahrscheinlich bereits vertraut mit vielen Arten von Risiko von Lebenserfahrungen. Beispielsweise ist es sinnvoll, dass ein Skandal oder Klage, bei der ein Unternehmen, wahrscheinlich einen Tropfen in den Preis der Aktien dieses Unternehmens, zumindest vorübergehend verursachen wird. Wenn ein Autohersteller einen Homerun mit einem neuen Modell trifft, könnte das schlechte Nachrichten für konkurrierende Autohersteller sein.
"When will these guys extract their heads out if their asses and actually have a look at the rest of the world?  Take 3 ""countries"" and compare: USA, UK, and EU.   USA and UK did fiscal austerity and Unconventional Monetary policy (QE).   EU did fiscal austerity and stuck to conventional monetary policy (lowered interest rates).  The results: US and UK unemployment figures shrinked since to trough, GDP slowly ticking up, so a weak recovery.   EU has seen little to no improvement in unemployment, and is on the verge of a triple-dip recession.    Now make up your mind on what the FED can or cannot do for unemployment."
The economy today is quite global, but it's not totally in sync.  Unemployment is not dropping everywhere. It's getting worse in the Muslim worlds, South Africa, Venezuela, etc.  Trust me: Trump can easily crash the USA economy, or, make it even better.  Basically, if countries work on their economy, you can see the results.
Generally by limiting imports, you are forcing increased production in your own economy that is not as efficient as just buying it from outside. May make sense if it were actual war, but as an economic punnishment, it just makes Russia more inefficient. Germany can just lower production or find new buyers for the long term. TTIP could move forward a bit faster and Germany wouldn't even notice.  This is stupid for Russia, but Putin is just riding on nationalism more than any particular policy at this point.
The growth of Panamanian economy and the fact that Panama has become an important regional investment center has required that Kraemer &amp; Kraemer. As attorneys acquire considerable experience in multidisciplinary practices. We are the top most Law firm in Panama. You need to ensure that you pick top Panama law offices that comprehend the interchange between the laws of Panama and your nation of origin.
Because the macro numbers are not always relevant on a micro level and vice versa. Saudi Arabia has a GDP per capita far higher than any European county. Would you want to be a worker (i.a slave) in Saudi Arabia or a worker in Sweden?  The United States is a rich country. A very rich country. But businesses going great in most major cities, and the average salary growing, doesn't really change the life of the minimum wage worker in rural New Mexico who can hardly get by without food stamps.
In Germany you can register a Einzelunternehmen and receive payments into your personal bank account with a German bank. Apple will certainly be able to transfer to accounts in Germany as payments go via the European SEPA standard. Tax wise if you are living in Germany you will need to pay tax in Germany, so this is really the easiest way of doing it.
Not in the slightest.  The issue is however the same one.  We've created new industries to replace the ones lost - in many cases 1:1 because advancing technology simply displaced jobs or made them higher on the education/pay scale.  Likewise in a lot of cases rather than reduce employment overall we saw increased productivity.  That is good for everyone since a rising tide lifts all ships.  The issue however is one of stability.  When you get a shock to the system (2008, 1932 etc) then the whole thing falls apart.  Last time it took spending on a scale undreamed of (WWII) along with a number of important factors to break the downward spiral.  I'm wondering what's going to break this one.  Last time there were plenty of mid-skill high pay jobs (manufacturing) to reboot the economy.  This time most of those jobs are gone - having been replaced either by automation or sent overseas to cheaper labor markets.  Now once the rest of the planet catches up or if fuel starts to go into the stratosphere again then we'll see a lot of those jobs come back (as some already have).  I don't think we'll see as many as we had in the past.  The service market is far more susceptible to shocks than manufacturing however just as a sales tax is far more susceptible to shocks than an income tax.  Drawing all of that together though if you take it out to its logical conclusion when we hit full automation and even fast food is run by machines... what are people going to do for employment?
"Yes! Banks, Insurance companies, and other ""financial"" service companies do not contribute anything to the economy.  They are mostly a burden and added costs on those who earn money by MAKING things and adding value to existing things, from manufacturers, to transportation, retailers, services, etc."
"[of course it does](http://www.tylervigen.com/correlation_project/correlation_images/per-capita-consumption-of-chicken-us_total-us-crude-oil-imports.png)  ... but really, the answer is something along the lines of ""probably... to some extent..."" It's not the sole reason, but it may be one of them.   Ultimately QE did more to fix balance sheets than the wider economy, but that in itself had value at the time."
Greece is a unique case. These are still individual states led by very different people. You have countries that are just doing fine, despite being poor in natural resources and I would put Portugal, Spain, Italy, etc in this category. Then you have countries that are doing really well because they have natural resources and thriving industries like Germany, UK and France. Then you have countries that are struggling like Ireland, Greece, etc (Portugal has been here before). And then, you have heaven like countries like Finland, Denmark, etc where all just goes smoothly and everything works. Super high quality education, teenagers speak 3 languages by the time they are 16, etc. One thing I can guarantee you, in none of these countries you'd pay $200k for cancer treatment or higher education.  Don't generalize.
THIS!   While the GDP may have fallen, the average joe felt more prosperous after WWII because wage and price controls were lifted and production turned back to consumer goods instead of bombs which are useless for civilians in peacetime.   In other words, you can have more prosperity even if your gross output falls, provided you start making shit people actually want to use to improve their lives, like cars and TVs and medicine.
When I traveled to Germany,  I found it was much better to get cash at ATMs and use credit cards.  The exchange rate was better than exchanging dollars for Euros at an exchange center.  Just make sure you have enough cash to get from the airport to whereever your are traveling.  The airport exchange rates were terrible.
Switzerland was once known for its high regard for private property rights.  Recently it is has started to violate those rights by forcing banks to turn over the names of account holders to the US government.  Not a great trend. Another aspect that makes Switzerland an attractive place for people and businesses is the Swiss governemnt's neutral policy.  The Swiss government is not deploying the Swiss military around the globe to fight terrorism, to spread democracy, to advance its own power, or other such murderous government programs.  The Swiss people do not have to worry about the payback that arrives because of such depraved government programs. The Swiss were traditionally extreme advocates of individual gun rights which allows the people to provide protection for themselves against others and against the government.  This too is changing (read section on The Enemy Within) in a not so favorable direction. I also belive the Swiss Franc was the last major currency to sever its tie to gold.  The currency use to be highly desired due to its tie to gold.  I think the currency is still highly regarded but the Swiss central bank is participating in the currency war and has attempted multiple times in the past couple of years to debase its currency so it does not appreciate against the euro or dollar.