vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
* Click the wanted User.
* Select the Classic infrastructure tab.
* From the Permissions tab, expand the Services category.
* Select Manage CDN Account.
* Click the Save button.



From the legacy console main page, follow these steps to edit permissions:



* Select the Account tab.
* Select Users > User List.
* Click the wanted Username.
* Select the Portal Permissions tab.
* Select the Services tab.
* Select Manage CDN Account.
* Click the Edit Portal Permissions button.



* Why is the Create button not shown or disabled on the Content Delivery Network page?

If you are the account's Master user, you must upgrade the account for the Create button to appear or be enabled on this page. From the IBM Cloud console page, follow these steps as the account's Master user:



* Open the navigation pane by clicking the triple bar icon in the upper left of the web page.
* Select Classic Infrastructure.
* Click the Upgrade Account button and follow the instructions.



If you are one of the account's secondary users, the account's Master user must give you the Add/Upgrade Services permission for the Create button to appear or be enabled on this page. From the IBM Cloud console page, the account's Master user can follow these steps to edit your permissions:



* Select the Manage tab.
* Select Access (IAM).
* Click the Users tab from navigation pane.
* Click the wanted User.
* Select the Classic infrastructure tab.
* From the Permissions tab, expand the Account category.
* Select Add/Upgrade Services.
* Click the Save button.



* Why am I unable to reach my web page through my CDN after configuring Hotlink Protection with protectionType ALLOW?

Let's consider an example in which your website's domain for users is configured to be your CDN's domain/hostname: cdn.example.com. When someone attempts to reach a web page by navigating directly from the browser's navigation bar, the browser typically does not send Referer headers in its HTTP request.
Serving Video on Demand with CDN 

Explore an example of how to use IBM Cloud® CDN to stream .mp4 content through HLS as video on demand, to a browser from a Linux-Nginx origin.



 Introduction 

A number of formats, such as HLS and MPEG-DASH, are available to stream video.

Conceptually, the setup we're using is shown in Figure 1:

Zoom

![IBM Cloud CDN for Video on Demand](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/006fd22ab2811b7d19804c763a00568b3da4c03a/CDN/images/ibmcdn-vod-example-model.svg)

Figure 1: IBM Cloud CDN for Video on Demand

We also use the origin as the place for preparation. On that, we also need to obtain a few packages to make this work.

And so, start by updating the origin's package list.

sudo apt-get update





 Preparing video files 

In this example, we use ffmpeg to prepare the video files. It is a powerful tool for multimedia files that can convert, mux, demux, filter, and so forth, through its various commands.

First, we obtain ffmpeg.

sudo apt-get -y install ffmpeg

HLS works with two types of files: .m3u8 and .ts. You can think of the .m3u8 file as the "playlist." At the beginning of the video stream, this file is the first one that is fetched. The playlist then informs the video player about the video fragments it should fetch, and it provides other data on how to play the streamed content successfully. The .ts files are the video "fragments." These fragments are fetched and played by the video player according to details given in the "playlist."

Now, check and see the format, bit rate, and other information, for the video and audio streams of our source .mp4 video.

ffprobe test-video.mp4
How Cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) works 

[CORS](https://www.w3.org/wiki/CORS) is a mechanism that allows resources such as JSON documents in an IBM® Cloudant® for IBM Cloud® database to be requested from JavaScript.

In this case, the JavaScript is running on a website that is loaded from another domain.

These "cross-domain" requests would normally be forbidden by web browsers. The requests use the [same origin security policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-origin_policy).

CORS defines a way in which the browser and the server interact to determine whether or not to allow the request. For IBM Cloudant, CORS might be a good solution in the following use cases.



1. You have a website on https://www.example.com, and you want scripts on this website that can access data from https://example.cloudant.com.

To make this access possible, add https://www.example.com to your list of allowed origins. The effect is that scripts that are loaded from this domain are then permitted to make Ajax requests to your IBM Cloudant databases. By using HTTP authorization with CORS requests, users of your application can access only their database.
2. You want to allow third parties access to your database.

For example, if you have a database that includes product information, add their domain to your list of allowed origins. After that, you can give sales partners access to the information from JavaScript running on their domain. The effect is that scripts that run on their website can access your IBM Cloudant database.





 Browser support 

CORS is supported by all current versions of commonly used browsers.

Versions of Microsoft™ Internet Explorer before version 10 offer partial support for CORS. Versions of Microsoft™ Internet Explorer before version 8 don't support CORS.





 Security 

Storing sensitive data in databases that can be accessed by using CORS is a potential security risk. When you place a domain in the list of allowed origins, you're trusting all the JavaScript from the domain.
* Does content caching use push or pull?

Content caching is done using an origin pull model. Origin Pull is a method by which data is "pulled" by the Edge server from the origin server, as opposed to manually uploading the content onto the Edge server.
* Is there a recommended browser to use for CDN service configuration?

Yes, Firefox and Chrome are the recommended browsers. It is recommended that you use the latest versions with your IBM Cloud Content Delivery Network.
* What is the purpose of providing a path when creating my CDN?

If you provide a path while creating your CDN, it allows you to isolate the files that can be served through CDN from a particular origin server.
* My CDN is in an Error State. What do I do now?

Refer to the [Troubleshooting](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/CDN?topic=CDN-troubleshoot-cdn-working) or [Getting help and support](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/CDN?topic=CDN-gettinghelpgettinghelp), or open a case in the [IBM Cloud console](https://%7BDomainName%7D/).
* Where do I find the CNAME for my CDN if I didn't provide one?

Click your CDN to access the Overview page in the portal. In the upper right corner, you can see a Details section with the CName information.
* My single file purge request for a given file path is in progress. Can I submit a new request for the same file path?

No. There can be only one active purge request for a given file path at a time.
* Is Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) supported by the IBM Cloud Content Delivery Network service? How does it work?

IPv6 (or dual stack support) is supported by Akamai's Edge servers. It is designed to help customers with an IPv4-only origin to accept connections from IPv6 clients, convert from IPv6 to IPv4 at the Edge, and go forward to the origin with IPv4.
The service returns the following warning message: Using non-customized default base model, because your custom {type} model has been built with a version of the base model that is no longer supported. To resume using a custom model that is based on the unavailable model, you must first upgrade the model by using the appropriate upgrade_model method described previously.





 12 June 2018 

New features for applications hosted in Washington, DC, location
: The following features are enabled for applications that are hosted in Washington, DC (us-east):



* The service now supports a new API authentication process. For more information, see the [30 October 2018 service update](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/speech-to-text?topic=speech-to-text-release-notesspeech-to-text-30october2018).
* The service now supports the X-Watson-Metadata header and the DELETE /v1/user_data method. For more information, see [Information security](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/speech-to-text?topic=speech-to-text-information-security).







 15 May 2018 

New features for applications hosted in Sydney location
: The following features are enabled for applications that are hosted in Sydney (au-syd):



* The service now supports a new API authentication process. For more information, see the [30 October 2018 service update](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/speech-to-text?topic=speech-to-text-release-notesspeech-to-text-30october2018).
* The service now supports the X-Watson-Metadata header and the DELETE /v1/user_data method. For more information, see [Information security](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/speech-to-text?topic=speech-to-text-information-security).







 26 March 2018 

Language model customization now available for French broadband model
: The service now supports language model customization for the French broadband language model, fr-FR_BroadbandModel. The French model is generally available (GA) for production use with language model customization.
If the optional title and description are provided, your application can display them in whatever way is appropriate (for example, rendering the title after the image and the description as hover text).





 Video 

The video response type instructs the client application to display a video, optionally accompanied by a title, description and alt_text for accessibility:

{
"output": {
"generic":[
{
"response_type": "video",
"source": "http://example.com/video.mp4",
"title": "Video example",
"description": "This is an example video",
"alt_text": "A video showing a great example",
"channel_options": {
"chat": {
"dimensions": {
"base_height": 180
}
}
}
}
]
},
"user_id": "faf4a112-f09f-4a95-a0be-43c496e6ac9a"
}
Show more

Your application is responsible for retrieving the video specified by the source property and displaying it to the user. If the optional title and description are provided, your application can display them in whatever way is appropriate.

The optional channel_options.chat.dimensions.base_height property takes a number signifying the amount of pixels the video should be rendered at a width of 360 pixels. Your app should use this value to maintain the proper aspect ratio of the video if it is rendered in a nonstandard size.





 Audio 

The audio response type instructs the client application to play an audio file:

{
"output": {
"generic":[
{
"response_type": "audio",
"source": "http://example.com/audio.mp3",
"channel_options": {
"voice_telephony": {
"loop": true
}
}
}
]
},
Why doesn't my hostname load on the browser when IBM Cloud Object Storage (COS) is the origin? 

When your IBM Cloud® CDN is configured to use COS as the object storage, direct access to the website does not work.

  Why it’s happening 

This behavior is caused by the index document limitation in IBM COS.

  How to fix it 

You must specify the complete request path in the browser's address bar (for example, www.example.com/index.html). For an alternative solution, see [How do I use the ICOS default index page with CDN](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/CDN?topic=CDN-configure-cdn-with-ibm-cloud-object-storageusing-icos-default-index-with-cdn).
But, if you choose to use the default sign-up screen, then you must continue to use the default through entire sign-up flow, including sign-up verification.





 How are the flows technically different? 

The service uses OAuth 2.0 grant flows to map the authorization process. When you configure social identity providers such as Facebook, the [Authorization Grant flow](https://oauthlib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/oauth2/grants/authcode.html) is used to call the Login Widget. When you use your own screens, the [Resource Owner Password Credentials flow](https://oauthlib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/oauth2/grants/password.html) is used to provide access and identity tokens that you can use to call your screens.





 Examples 

Yes! Check out any of the following examples to see Cloud Directory in action:



* [Use your own branded UI for user sign-in with App ID](https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/use-branded-ui-user-sign-app-id)
* [Use your own UI and Flows for User Sign-Up and Sign-in with App ID](https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/use-ui-flows-user-sign-sign-app-id)
* [Use a custom login page with App ID](https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/custom-login-page-app-id-integration)









 Branding your app with the Android SDK 

With Cloud Directory enabled, you can call customized screens with the Android SDK. You can choose the combination of the screens that you'd like your users to be able to interact with. For a detailed example, [check out this blog](https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/use-branded-ui-user-sign-app-id).



 Sign in 



1. Configure your Cloud Directory [settings](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/appid?topic=appid-cloud-directorycd-settings) in the GUI.
However, depending on your circumstance there may be exceptions. See the best practice [Use only services that are IBM Cloud for Financial Services Validated](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/framework-financial-services?topic=framework-financial-services-best-practicesbest-practices-financial-services-validated-services) for more details and potential exceptions.



Table 1. Required and optional services for VPC reference architecture

 Category Required services Optional services 

 Compute <br><br>[1] <br><br> * [IBM Cloud® Virtual Servers for Virtual Private Cloud](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/framework-financial-services?topic=framework-financial-services-vpc-architecture-aboutservices-compute-vsi)<br><br><br> <br><br> * [Dedicated hosts for VPC](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/framework-financial-services?topic=framework-financial-services-vpc-architecture-aboutservices-compute-dedicated-hosts)[2]<br> * [IBM Cloud® Auto Scale for VPC](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/framework-financial-services?topic=framework-financial-services-vpc-architecture-aboutservices-compute-auto-scale)[3]<br><br><br> 
 Containers <br><br>[4] <br><br> * [Red Hat® OpenShift® on IBM Cloud®](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/framework-financial-services?topic=framework-financial-services-vpc-architecture-aboutservices-containers-openshift)<br> * [IBM Cloud® Container Registry](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/framework-financial-services?topic=framework-financial-services-vpc-architecture-aboutservices-containers-registry)<br><br><br>
7. Click Send Request. The result is displayed in the Response Body field. You can continue to test different parameter values as necessary.







 Subscribing to use APIs 



1. In the Developer Portal, click API Products.
2. Click the Product that contains the Plan that you want to work with.
3. In the Plan section of the Product, click the Plan that you want to use. The details of the selected Plan are displayed.
4. After you have identified the plan that you want to use, click Use this plan. The Use this Plan dialog box is displayed.
5. Select the application that you want to use with this Plan, and click Save. The application details are displayed.

Note: If the Plan that you select has billing, you must provide a credit card number for your organization. That requires that you have owner privileges.
6. To view the operations for the APIs that are included in the Plans to which the application is subscribed, click the name of the API.
7. If the Plan is not restricted, you can use it immediately. If the Plan is restricted, the Plan is shown as Pending Approval, and you cannot use the requested Plan until the administrator approves your request.
How do I generate a HAR file? 

When troubleshooting IBM Cloud Internet Services, it can be helpful to generate an HTTP Archive (HAR) file. The HAR file is a record of all web browser requests including the request and response headers, the body content, and the page load time.

 Why it’s happening 

You have an issue using CIS and need to generate a HAR file for Support.

A HAR file can include sensitive details such as passwords, payment information, and private keys. Manually remove sensitive information from HAR files using a text editor before you provide the file to Support.

 How to fix it 

Use the following sections to generate HAR files in Firefox, Chrome, or Safari browsers.



 How to generate a HAR file in Firefox 



1. In Firefox, go to the page within CIS where you are experiencing trouble.
2. Select the Firefox menu (three horizontal parallel lines) at the upper-right of your browser window, then select Developer > Network.
3. The Developer Network Tools open as a docked panel at the side or bottom of the browser window. Click the Network tab.
4. The recording starts automatically after you start performing actions in the browser.
5. Refresh the CIS page that you are on, or go through the steps to reproduce the problem you've been experiencing while Firefox is recording activity.
6. After you have reproduced the issue, right-click anywhere under the File column in the docked panel and click Save All As HAR.
7. Save the HAR file in a location you choose, and send the file to Support.







 How to generate a HAR file in Chrome 



1. In Chrome, go to the page within CIS where you are experiencing trouble.
2. Select the Chrome menu (three vertical dots) at the top-right of your browser window, then select Tools > Developer Tools.
3. The Developer Tools open as a docked panel at the side or bottom of the browser window. Click on the Network tab.
4. Select the option Preserve log.
5.
![cors-preflight](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/006fd22ab2811b7d19804c763a00568b3da4c03a/CDN//images/cors-preflight.svg)

Figure 2: First request (preflight)

Second request (resource access):

Zoom

![cors-after-preflight](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs-content/v1/content/006fd22ab2811b7d19804c763a00568b3da4c03a/CDN//images/cors-after-preflight.svg)

Figure 3: Second request (resource access)

For more complex CORS communication between the browser and a CORS origin that's different than the requesting web page, a [preflight request](https://www.w3.org/TR/cors/cross-origin-request-with-preflight-0) is required before an actual resource access. Certain situations might require preflighting CORS requests, such as HTTP methods that are not GET or POST methods, or using non-standard HTTP headers with the request - even if it is a GET or POST request, and so forth.

If a preflight request is needed, here's how the events unfold:



* The browser sends a request using the HTTP OPTIONS method to the server with all of the intended CORS request headers.
* The server processes those CORS request headers, and can respond with CORS response headers containing no actual content data.
* The browser checks those CORS response headers to make sure that the CORS request is allowed.
* If the browser sees that the intended resource request should be allowed by the server, it makes a second request to the browser with the intended HTTP method, whether GET, POST, PUT and so on, with the same CORS request headers.



Afterward, the communication between the browser and CORS origin (different than that of the web page) proceeds as if it was a simple CORS request.
Origin Error Page Pass-through Disables CIS error pages that would trigger for issues that are sent from the origin server, and instead displays the error pages set at the origin. Enterprise only 







 Performance 



Table 3. Performance rules

 Setting Behavior Considerations 

 Browser Cache TTL Controls how long resources that are cached by client browsers remain valid. 
 Bypass Cache on Cookie Serves a cached object unless a cookie of a specific name is seen; for example, serve a cached version of the home page unless we see a SessionID cookie indicating that the customer is logged in and should be presented personalized content. 
 Cache Level Bypass - Resources that match that page rule are not cached.<br><br><br><br> * No query string - Only delivers resources from cache when there is no query string.<br> * Ignore query string - Delivers the same resource to everyone independent of the query string.<br> * Standard - Delivers a different resource each time the query string changes.<br> * Cache everything - Resources that match the page rule are cached.<br><br><br> By default, HTML content is not cached. A page rule to cache static HTML content must be written. 
 Edge Cache TTL Controls how long CIS retains files in the cache. This setting is optional when specifying cache level. 
 Resolve Override Changes the URL or IP that the request matching the page rule resolves to. 
 Cache on Cookie Applies the Cache Everything option (Cache Level setting) based on a regular expression match against a cookie name. If you add both this setting and Bypass Cache on Cookie to the same page rule, Cache On Cookie takes precedence over Bypass Cache on Cookie. Enterprise only 
 Disable Performance Turns off Minify Web Content, Image Load Optimization, Image Size Optimization, and Script Load Optimization. Enterprise only 
 Minify Web Content Minifies HTML, CSS and/or JavaScript files by removing all unnecessary characters from these files. Enterprise only 
 Image Load Optimization Improves load time for pages that include images based on network connection and device type by one of the following:<br><br><br><br> * Image Virtualizing - Replaces images with low-resolution placeholder images that have the same dimensions as the original (including third-party images).
"base_model_name": "en-US_BroadbandModel",
"status": "available",
"progress": 100
}
Show more







 Making speech recognition requests with upgraded custom models 

By default, the service uses the latest version of a custom model that you pass with a speech recognition request. You issue requests with upgraded custom models as you do with any model. For more information, see



* [Using a custom language model for speech recognition](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/speech-to-text?topic=speech-to-text-languageUse)
* [Using a custom acoustic model for speech recognition](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/speech-to-text?topic=speech-to-text-acousticUse)
* [Using a grammar for speech recognition](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/speech-to-text?topic=speech-to-text-grammarUse)



However, you can also continue to make speech recognition requests with the older version of the custom model by using the base_model_version query parameter of a request. You specify the version of the base model that is identified in the versions field of the listing output, and the service uses that base model for speech recognition.

You can use the parameter to test the performance and accuracy of a custom model against both the old and new versions of its base model. If you find that an upgraded model's performance is lacking in some way (for instance, certain words are no longer recognized), you can continue to use the older version with recognition requests while you address the inadequacies.

The base_model_version parameter is intended primarily for use with custom models that are updated for a new base model, but it can be used without a custom model. The version of a base model that is used for a request depends both on whether you pass the base_model_version parameter and on whether you specify a custom model (language, acoustic, or both) with the request:



* If you specify a custom model with the request:



* Omit the base_model_version parameter to use the latest version of the base model to which the custom model is upgraded.