vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Make sure that there are no trailing spaces.

The API returns information such as your environment ID, environment status, and how much storage your environment is using.
2. Check the environment status periodically until you see a status of active.

Issue a call to the GET /v1/environments/{environment_id} method to retrieve the status of your environment. Replace {apikey}, {url}, and {environment_id} with your information:

curl -u "apikey:{apikey}" "{url}/v1/environments/{environment_id}?version=2019-04-30"

The status must be active before you can create a collection.



If you have recently deleted a Lite instance and then receive a 400 - Only one free environment is allowed per resource group error message when creating a new environment in a new Lite instance, you need to finish deleting the original Lite instance. See [ibmcloud resource reclamations](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/cli?topic=cli-ibmcloud_commands_resourceibmcloud_resource_reclamations) and follow the reclamation-delete instructions.





 Step 2: Create a collection 

Now that the environment is ready, you can create a collection. Think of a collection as a box where you store your documents in your environment.



1. You need the ID of your default configuration first. To find your default configuration_id, use the GET /v1/environments/{environment_id}/configurations method. Replace {apikey}, {url}, and {environment_id} with your information:

curl -u "apikey:{apikey}" "{url}/v1/environments/{environment_id}/configurations?version=2019-04-30"
2. Use the POST /v1/environments/{environment_id}/collections method to create a collection called my-first-collection. Replace {apikey}, {url}, {environment_id} and {configuration_id} with your information:
When a user logs in from the IBM Cloud UI, you get an event in the account with action iam-identity.user-refreshtoken.login.

The following field includes extra information:



* In requestData, the client_id field is set to HOP55v1CCT. This value indicates a UI request.







 Log in with a federated ID from the IBM Cloud CLI by using a one-time passcode or an API key 

When a user [logs in from the IBM Cloud CLI by using a one-time passcode](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-federated_idonetime_passcode), you get an event in the account with action iam-identity.user-refreshtoken.login.

When a user [logs in from the IBM Cloud CLI by using an API key](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-federated_idapi_key), you get an event in the account with action iam-identity.user-apikey.login.

The following field includes extra information:



* In requestData, the client_id field is set to bx. This value indicates a CLI request.







 Log in with a federated ID by using trusted profiles 

When a user [logs in with a federated ID by using trusted profiles](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-federated_id), you get an event in the account with action iam-identity.trustedprofile-apikey.login.





 Failed log in actions 

When a user logs in to the IBM Cloud, the user ID (IBMid) and credentiasls are validated first. At this point, the user has not selected an account. Notice that a user can belong to multiple accounts.

After the user ID is authenticated successfully in the IBM Cloud, the user can choose an account.
Log in to IBM Cloud®.

ibmcloud login --sso -a cloud.ibm.com

This command returns a URL and prompts for a passcode. Go to that URL in your browser and log in. If successful, you get a one-time passcode. Copy this passcode and paste it as a response on the prompt. After successful authentication, you are prompted to choose your account. If you have access to multiple accounts, select the account that you want to log in as. Respond to any remaining prompts to finish logging in.
2. Select the current generation of VPC.

ibmcloud is target --gen 2
3. Set the IBMCLOUD_IS_FEATURE_SNAPSHOT environment variable to true.

export IBMCLOUD_IS_FEATURE_SNAPSHOT=true







 Renaming a snapshot from the CLI 

You can rename a snapshot from the CLI.

To rename a snapshot, issue the ibmcloud is snapshot-update command and provide the snapshot ID and new name.

ibmcloud is snapshot-update SNAPSHOT_ID --name SNAPSHOT_NAME

See the following example.

cloudshell:$ ibmcloud is snapshot-update r138-e6664842-b370-496a-9ae7-da3fb647707c --name snappy-snap-snap
Updating snapshot r138-e6664842-b370-496a-9ae7-da3fb647707c under account Test Account as user test.user@ibm.com...

ID r138-e6664842-b370-496a-9ae7-da3fb647707c
Name snappy-snap-snap
CRN crn:v1:bluemix:public:is:eu-de:a/a10d63fa66daffc9b9b5286ce1533080::snapshot:r138-e6664842-b370-496a-9ae7-da3fb647707c
Status stable
This type of [multifactor authentication (MFA)](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-typesaccount-based) is account-based, and affects all access to the account. TOTP MFA also affects the access that IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service requires to make calls to IBM Cloud infrastructure. If TOTP is enabled for the account, you can't create and manage clusters and worker nodes in IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service.

 How to fix it 

The IBM Cloud account owner or an account administrator must take one of the following actions.



* Disable TOTP for the account, and continue to use the automatically linked infrastructure credentials for IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service.
* Continue to use TOTP, but create an infrastructure API key that IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service can use to make direct calls to the IBM Cloud infrastructure API.





 Disabling TOTP MFA for the account 



1. Log in to the [IBM Cloud console](https://cloud.ibm.com/). From the menu bar, select Manage > Access (IAM).
2. Click the Settings page.
3. Under Multifactor authentication, click Edit.
4. Select None, and click Update.







 Using TOTP MFA to create an infrastructure API key for IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service 



1. From the [IBM Cloud](https://cloud.ibm.com/) console, select Manage > Access (IAM) > Users and click the name of the account owner. Note: If you don't use the account owner's credentials, [ensure that the user whose credentials you use has the correct permissions](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/containers?topic=containers-access-credsowner_permissions).
2. In the API Keys section, find or create a classic infrastructure API key.
3. Use the infrastructure API key to set the infrastructure API credentials for IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service. Repeat this command for each region where you create clusters.
If you have a Lite account or 30-day trial, you can't create extra resource groups, but you can rename your default resource group.

To create a resource group, call the [IBM Cloud® Resource Manager API](https://cloud.ibm.com/apidocs/resource-controller/resource-manager?code=gocreate-resource-group) as shown in the following example:



* Curl
* Java
* Python
* Go
* Node



curl -X POST https://resource-controller.cloud.ibm.com/v2/resource_groups -H 'Authorization: Bearer <IAM_TOKEN>'
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{
"account_id": "987d4cfd77b04e9b9e1a6asdcc861234",
"name": "test"
}'

CreateResourceGroupOptions createResourceGroupOptions = new CreateResourceGroupOptions.Builder()
.accountId(exampleUserAccountId)
.name("ExampleGroup")
.build();

Response<ResCreateResourceGroup> response = resourceManagerService.createResourceGroup(createResourceGroupOptions).execute();
ResCreateResourceGroup resCreateResourceGroup = response.getResult();

System.out.println(resCreateResourceGroup);

res_create_resource_group = resource_manager_service.create_resource_group(
account_id=example_user_account_id,
name='ExampleGroup',
).get_result()

print(json.dumps(res_create_resource_group, indent=2))

createResourceGroupOptions := resourceManagerService.NewCreateResourceGroupOptions()
createResourceGroupOptions.SetAccountID(exampleUserAccountID)
createResourceGroupOptions.SetName("ExampleGroup")
Identity and Access Management Integration 

Access to IBM Cloud® Databases service instances for users in your account is controlled by IBM Cloud [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-access-getstarted).

This document covers the integration of IAM with Cloud Databases, which includes Databases for DataStax,Databases for Elasticsearch, Databases for EnterpriseDB, Databases for etcd, Databases for MongoDB, Databases for PostgreSQL, Databases for Redis, IBM Cloud® Databases for MySQL, and Messages for RabbitMQ.

IAM is only integrated with high-level service access, which governs privileges and operations available in the Cloud Databases API and the Cloud Databases CLI plug-in. It does not govern database-level users and privileges. Database access is governed by the standard access controls provided by the database. IAM does not control database users.

For more information about assigning user roles in IBM Cloud, see [Managing IAM access](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-assign-access-resources).

The following table provides a general overview of actions that are mapped to service management roles. Service management roles enable users to perform tasks on service resources at the service level. For example, assign user access for the service, create or delete service IDs, create instances, and bind instances to applications.



Table 1. IAM user roles and actions

 Service management role Description of actions Example actions 

 Viewer As a viewer, you can view database instances but you can't make configuration changes. View Service Overview and View Alerts 
 Editor As an editor, you can perform all platform actions (including making configuration changes and managing credentials) except for managing the account and assigning access policies. Scale a Deployment and Change a Deployment's Password 
 Operator As an operator, you can view database instances and make configuration changes that include managing database credentials. Scale a Deployment and Change a Deployment's Password 
 Administrator As an administrator, you can perform all platform actions, including assigning access policies to other users. Scale a Deployment, Change a Deployment's Password, and Assign Access Policies 





 Actions for Cloud Databases API
After the credentials are validated and the user is authenticated, a token is returned.

The token has the information to allow the user to choose an account where he is a member or owner.

The token does not include information about the account.
4. Next, the user selects an account. An access token and a refresh token are generated and returned to the user. These tokens are bound to the selected account. The tokens contain an identity, an account, and some rights.
5. At this point in the process, the IAM Identity Service generates an Activity Tracker Event Routing event with action iam-identity.user-refreshtoken.login.







 A service or application logs in by using a service ID 

A service ID identifies a service or application similar to how a user ID identifies a user. These are IDs that can be used by applications to authenticate with an IBM Cloud service. Policies can be assigned to each service ID to control the level of access that is allowed by an application that uses the service ID, and an API key can be created to enable the authentication.

When a service or application successfully logs in to your account by using an API key that is associated with a service ID, the following steps are taken:



1. Your service or application uses the API key that is associated with the service ID to authenticate in the IBM Cloud.

The API key includes information about the account.
2. After the credentials are validated and the API key is authenticated to work in the account, the IAM Identity Service generates an Activity Tracker Event Routing event with action iam-identity.serviceid-apikey.login. This event is available in the account that is associated with the API key.







 Summary 

The following table shows the IAM event that is generated in each of the log in cases:



Table 1. User login actions

 Type Action Description 

 Service iam-identity.serviceid-apikey.login An event is generated when a service logs in to the IBM Cloud by using an API key that is associated with a service ID. 
 User iam-identity.user-apikey.login An event is generated when a user logs in to the IBM Cloud by using an API key.
Why can't I view the entire enterprise? 

If you aren't able to view the entire IBM Cloud® enterprise, you might need to check what access you are assigned.

  What’s happening 

You can view a few of the accounts in the enterprise but not the entire enterprise hierarchy. The account hierarchy shows only accounts that you have access to, not the entire enterprise account.

  Why it’s happening 

You are assigned access to only certain accounts in the enterprise.

  How to fix it 

To check what access you are assigned, complete the following steps:



1.  Go to Manage > Access (IAM) > Users in the IBM Cloud console.
2.  Select your name.
3.  Click Access.



Contact the enterprise owner to request the correct access.

If you're the owner of the enterprise, complete the following steps to assign a user access to the entire enterprise:



1.  Go to Manage > Access (IAM) > Users in the IBM Cloud console.
2.  Select the name of the user.
3.  Click Access > Assign access.
4.  Select Enterprise as the service, and select the name of your enterprise.
5.  Select the account group or account in the enterprise that you want to give the user access to. For example, if you want a user to have access to view only a single account, select the account and assign the user the Viewer role or higher. If you want a user to have access to view the entire enterprise, leave the account group and account selections blank, and assign the access.
Account: Account name (ea988d3289c24739a0977651b46fb145)
Resource group: Default
CF API endpoint:
Org:
Space:







 Provision a public instance 

Provision a public Key Protect instance. The next section has an example of provisioning a private instance.



* Public endpoints are outside the IBM Cloud.
* Private endpoints are inside the IBM Cloud.



A public instance accepts API requests from both public and private endpoints. Public network access is the default setting and is used if a policy is not set.

A private instance accepts API requests from only private endpoints.

See [Managing network access policies](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/key-protect?topic=key-protect-managing-network-access-policies) for learn more about public and private access.

Note the GUID is the instance ID. In this example, the instance ID is ea557753-a15b-4570-a9a3-1efefbd2d382.

ibmcloud resource service-instance-create <instance_name> kms tiered-pricing <region>



 Example 

 create a public service instance
$ ibmcloud resource service-instance-create <instance_name> kms tiered-pricing us-south
Creating service instance <instance_name> in resource group Default of account <account name> as <email address>...
OK
Service instance <instance_name> was created.

Name: <instance_name>
ID: crn:v1:bluemix:public:kms:us-south:a/ea988d3289c24739a0977651b46fb145:ea557753-a15b-4570-a9a3-1efefbd2d382::
GUID: ea557753-a15b-4570-a9a3-1efefbd2d382
Location: us-south
State: active
Type: service_instance
Sub Type: kms
Allow Cleanup: false
These HMAC keys are then associated with a [Service ID](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-serviceidsserviceids) and can be used to access any resources or operations that are allowed by the Service ID's role.

When creating a service credential, it is possible to provide a value of None for the role. This will prevent the creation of unintended or unnecessary IAM access policies. Any access policies for the associated service ID will need to be managed using the IAM console or APIs.





 Create HMAC credentials using the CLI 

You can also use the IBM Cloud® Object Storage CLI to create your credentials. You must have the already installed the [IBM Cloud Platform Command Line Instructions](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/cli?topic=cli-install-ibmcloud-cli) before you can use the example.

ibmcloud resource service-key-create <key-name-without-spaces> Writer --instance-name "<instance name--use quotes if your instance name has spaces>" --parameters '{"HMAC":true}'







 An example of HMAC credentials 

If you want to store the results of the generated key, you can append > file.skey to the end of the example. For the purposes of this instruction set, you need only find the cos_hmac_keys heading with child keys, access_key_id, and secret_access_key.

cos_hmac_keys:
access_key_id: 7exampledonotusea6440da12685eee02
secret_access_key: 8not8ed850cddbece407exampledonotuse43r2d2586



 Setting HMAC credentials as environment variables 

Once you have created your credentials, you can set them as environment variables (the instructions for which are specific to the operating system involved). For instance, in Example 3, a .bash_profile script contains COS_HMAC_ACCESS_KEY_ID and COS_HMAC_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY that is exported upon starting a shell and used in development.
ibmcloud account show
2. For individual users, get the user's userID and ibmUniqueId.

ibmcloud account users --account-id <account_ID> --output JSON



2. Create a policy.json file that scopes the service access role to a Kubernetes namespace in your cluster.

{
"subjects": [
{
"attributes":
{
"name": "(iam_id)",
"value": "<user_ID>"
}
]
}
],
"roles": [
{
"role_id": "crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::serviceRole:<(Manager|Writer|Reader)>"
}
],
"resources": [
{
"attributes":
{
"name": "accountId",
"value": "<account_ID>"
},
{
"name": "serviceName",
"value": "containers-kubernetes"
},
{
"name": "serviceInstance",
"value": "<cluster_ID1,cluster_ID2>"
},
{
"name": "namespace",
"value": "<namespace_name>"
}
]
}
]
}
Show more



Table 1. Understanding options for service access role policy

 Component Description 

 subjects.attributes Enter the IBM Cloud IAM details for the individual user or access group that you previously retrieved.<br><br><br><br> * For individual users, set iam_id for the name field. Enter the previously retrieved ibmUniqueId for the value field.<br><br><br>
If you share staging, pre-production, and production services in the same IBM Cloud account, notice that users, that are granted access to view data in the logging instance with the platform logs flag in a location, can see data from any service instance provisioned in that location. To prevent users from viewing log data from all service's instances, consider moving from a single account model to an Enterprise account model.

If you cannot move to an enterprise account model, try reducing the number of users that are granted permissions to view the logs. In addition, you can also define exclusion rules to hide data from showing through the web UI. Exclusion rules stop logs from counting against your data usage quota and from being stored for search. [Learn more](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/log-analysis?topic=log-analysis-exclusion_rules).





 Resource groups 

Resource groups are a logical container for organizing your IAM-enabled resources.



* IAM-enabled services belong to a resource group. The IBM Log Analysis service is an IAM-enabled service.
* You assign a resource to its resource group when you create it from the catalog.
* You can't change the resource group assignment after you set it, which is why it's important to plan and set up your resource groups.
* If you add PII information in the resource group name, you might be disclosing sensitive data to others in the same account.



Use resource groups to organize your IBM Log Analysis instances for access control and billing purposes.

Account owners can add resources to any resource group. Other users must be granted access by using an IAM access policy to add resources to resource groups. For more information, see [Best practices for organizing resources and assigning access](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-account_setup).

When you define your resource groups, do not add sensitive information in the name.





 Naming 

If you add PII or other sensitive information in the name or the description of a service instance, you might be disclosing sensitive data to others in the same account.

When you define your logging instances names, do not add sensitive information in the name or in the description.





 Service plan
In addition to the endpoint, you must provide credentials to enable authentication with the object store. You can choose to use one of the following authentication methods:

HMAC
: Uses a hash-based message authentication code to authenticate users. HMAC is a cryptographic authentication technique that uses a hash function and a secret key. The data is scrambled before it is sent over the internet. Then, the intended recipient uses the secret key to unscrambles the data. For more information, see [HMAC authentication](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/discovery-data?topic=discovery-data-connector-cos-cloudconnector-cos-cloud-hmac).

IAM
: Uses the IBM Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) service to authenticate users. The advantage of this authentication type is that the user can use the same process to access all of the resources in the IBM Cloud Platform. For more information, see [IAM authentication](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/discovery-data?topic=discovery-data-connector-cos-cloudconnector-cos-cloud-iam).

To access the credential information, go to the service credentials page of your IBM Cloud Object Storage service instance. Expand the service credential to see the credential details.

For more information, see [Service credentials](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/cloud-object-storage/iam?topic=cloud-object-storage-service-credentials) in the Object Storage product documentation.



 HMAC authentication 

If you want to use HMAC authentication, you must have the following information ready:

Access key id
: The access_key_id that was generated when the IBM Cloud Object Storage instance was created. For example, 347aa3a4b34344f8bc7c7cccdf856e4c.

Secret access key
: The secret_access_key to use to sign requests. This key was generated when the IBM Cloud Object Storage instance was created.
Setting up API key credentials so the service can access the infrastructure and other cloud services 

To successfully provision and work with clusters, you must ensure that your IBM Cloud account is correctly set up to access IBM Cloud infrastructure and other IBM Cloud services that you use in each resource group and region that your clusters are in.



 Setting up the API key for most use cases 

Your IBM Cloud Pay-As-You-Go or Subscription account is already set up with access to IBM Cloud infrastructure. To use this infrastructure in IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service, the account owner must make sure that an [API key](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/containers?topic=containers-access-credsapi_key_about) is created with appropriate permissions for each region and resource group.

The quickest way to set up the API key is to ask the account owner, who already has the required infrastructure permissions. However, the account owner might want to create a functional ID with all the required infrastructure permissions. Then, if the account owner is unavailable or changes, the API key owner remains the functional ID. Note that you can't use a service ID to set the API key.



1. As the account owner, [invite a functional ID](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-iamuserinv) to your IBM Cloud account to use to set the API key infrastructure credentials, instead of a personal user.
2. [Assign the functional ID the correct permissions](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/containers?topic=containers-access-credsowner_permissions).
3. Log in as the functional ID.

ibmcloud login
4. Target the resource group where you want to set the API key. If you don't target a resource group, the API key is set for the default resource group. To list available resource groups, run ibmcloud resource groups.

ibmcloud target -g <resource_group_name>
5. Create an API key that impersonates your infrastructure permissions. IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service uses this API key to authenticate requests to manage infrastructure in the region and resource group.