vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
National Curriculum Framework (NCF 2005)
Health and Physical education - To provide theoretical and practical inputs to provide an integrated and holistic understanding of health , disease , accidents and physical fitness among children . To provide skills for dealing with psycho - social issues in the school , home and the community . To help children grow as responsible citizens by inculcating in them certain social and moral values through games , sports , N.C.C. , Red Cross , Scouts & Guides , etc .
Education in ancient Rome
Athletics , to the Greeks , was the means to obtaining a healthy and beautiful body , which was an end in and of itself and further promoted their love of competition . The Romans , though , did not share this stance either , believing that athletics was only the means to maintaining good soldiers .
Testosterone
Testosterone levels play a major role in risk - taking during financial decisions . Even in an intellectual activity such as a chess tournament or a final examination , prior testosterone levels can accurately predict which individuals will be motivated to do their best . Aggression
Obesity in the United States
Obesity is a chronic health problem . It is one of the biggest factors for a type II diabetes , and cardiovascular disease . It is also associated with cancer ( e.g. colorectal cancer ) , osteoarthritis , liver disease , sleep apnea , depression and other medical conditions that affect mortality and morbidity .
Nutrition and cognition
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient for mammals which takes form in either retinol or the provitamin beta - Carotene . It helps regulation of cell division , cell function , genetic regulation , helps enhance the immune system , and is required for brain function , chemical balance , growth and development of the central nervous system and vision .
Eating disorder
The media plays a major role in the way in which people view themselves . Countless magazine ads and commercials depict thin celebrities like Lindsay Lohan , Nicole Richie , Victoria Beckham and Mary Kate Olsen , who appear to gain nothing but attention from their looks . Society has taught people that being accepted by others is necessary at all costs . Unfortunately this has led to the belief that in order to fit in one must look a certain way . Televised beauty competitions such as the Miss America Competition contribute to the idea of what it means to be beautiful because competitors are evaluated on the basis of their opinion .
Briard
It is also important that the Briard be introduced to several different individuals of all ages and in all types of situations . Socialization starting at a very young age is mandatory . Briards should be walked as often as possible , to many different places , and they will develop into a well rounded animal . Pet stores , city parks and malls are a good place to start . An
Environmental policy of the United States
Another issue is the effect that chemicals can have relative to lifestyle choices . Cancer , for example , typically surface decades after first exposure to a carcinogen , and lifestyle choices are frequently more important in causing cancer than exposure to chemicals . While the governmental role in mitigating lifestyle - choice risks can be very controversial ( see Smoking in the United States ) , chemical exposure through lifestyle choices can also occur involuntarily if the public is not properly educated ( see Endocrine disruptors ) .
Non-communicable disease
It has been estimated that if the primary risk factors were eliminated , 80 % of the cases of heart disease , stroke and type 2 diabetes and 40 % of cancers could be prevented . Interventions targeting the main risk factors could have a significant impact on reducing the burden of disease worldwide . Efforts focused on better diet and increased physical activity have been shown to control the prevalence of NCDs .
Lifestyle (sociology)
Adults may be drawn together by mutual interest that results in a lifestyle . For example , William Dufty described how pursuing a sugar - free diet led to such associations :
Eating disorder
To try to address unhealthy body image in the fashion world , in 2015 , France passed a law requiring models to be declared healthy by a doctor to participate in fashion shows . It also requires re-touched images to be marked as such in magazines .
Republic (Plato)
Socrates and his companions conclude their discussion concerning the lifestyle of the guardians , thus concluding their initial assessment of the city as a whole . Socrates assumes each person will be happy engaging in the occupation that suits them best . If the city as a whole is happy , then individuals are happy . In the physical education and diet of the guardians , the emphasis is on moderation , neither too much nor too little . Without controlling their education , the city can not control the future rulers . The absence of laws makes running the city simpler , but it places all the power with the guardians .
Fitness culture
Mass media plays an important role in shaping fitness culture because of the messages of an ideal body image they convey . Media such as TV , magazines and book publications , tend to promote slimness or even thinness as the ideal standards of female body image and slenderness or muscularity as the ideal male body image . Commercial advertisements have also created an influential and powerful force in promoting a stereotype of ideal body image which is not limited to fashion advertisements . Advertisements on commodities such as watches , smartphones and household appliances , have promoted an idealized body image of women and men as well . The perception of being slim and thin for women and slender and muscular for men became a stereotype in society , creating sociocultural pressures and influencing people to engage in fitness in order to pursuit the ideal body image promoted by the mass media .
Testosterone
Conflicting results have been obtained concerning the importance of testosterone in maintaining cardiovascular health . Nevertheless , maintaining normal testosterone levels in elderly men has been shown to improve many parameters that are thought to reduce cardiovascular disease risk , such as increased lean body mass , decreased visceral fat mass , decreased total cholesterol , and glycemic control .
World Health Organization
WHO works to improve nutrition , food safety and food security and to ensure this has a positive effect on public health and sustainable development .
National Curriculum Framework (NCF 2005)
In order to bring about the overall development of the students , adequate nutrition , physical exercise and other psycho social needs are addressed hence participation in yoga and sports in required . learning should be made enjoyable and should relate to real life experiences learning should involve concepts and deeper understanding . Adolescence is a vulnerable age for students and the curriculum should prepare the students and provide support for social and emotional support that will inculcate positive behavior and provide skills essential to cope with situations that they encounter in their lives , peers pressure and gender stereotype .
Obesity in the United States
In 2005 , 9 million adults of ages 17 to 24 , or 27 % , were too overweight to be considered for service in the military .
Nutrition facts label
In addition to the nutrition label , products may display certain nutrition information or health claims on packaging . These health claims are only allowed by the FDA for `` eight diet and health relationships based on proven scientific evidence '' , including : calcium and osteoporosis , fiber - containing grain products , fruits and vegetables and cancer , fruits , vegetables , and grain products that contain fiber -- particularly soluble fiber -- and the risk of coronary heart disease , fat and cancer , saturated fat and cholesterol and coronary heart disease , sodium and hypertension , and folate and neural tube defects . The Institute of Medicine recommended these labels contain the most useful nutritional information for consumers : saturated fats , trans fats , sodium , calories , and serving size . In January 2011 , food manufacturers and grocery stores announced plans to display some of this nutrition information on processed food .
Fitness culture
In ancient Greece and Rome , a public place devoted to athletes training , called gymnasion ( plural : gymnasia ) for Greeks and palaestra ( plural : palaestrae ) for Romans existed in cities . Fitness was regarded as a concept shaped by two cultural codes : rationalization and asceticism ; authenticity and hedonism , respectively . In Greece , gymnastic excellence was regarded as a noble and godly pursuit , and was included in a complete education . Gymnasiums became the center of the community , being associated with the arts , the study of logic , and a source of entertainment . Skilled athletes attained an elevated status and devoted their lives to becoming proficient in exercise .
History of the United States (1945–64)
`` Today in this country minimum standards of nutrition , housing and clothing are assured , not for all , but for the majority . Beyond these minimum needs , such former luxuries as homeownership , durable goods , travel , recreation , and entertainment are no longer restricted to a few . The broad masses participate in enjoying all these things and generate most of the demand for them . ''
Obesity in the United States
Non-profit organizations such as HealthCorps work to educate people on healthy eating and advocate for healthy food choices in an effort to combat obesity .
Republic of Ireland
Boxing is Ireland 's most successful sport at an Olympic level . Administered by the Irish Athletic Boxing Association on an all - Ireland basis , it has gained in popularity as a result of the international success of boxers such as Bernard Dunne , Andy Lee and Katie Taylor .
History of tennis
... a series of tournaments with a money bonus pool that would be split up on the basis of a cumulative point system . This would encourage the best players to compete regularly in the series , so that they could share in the bonus at the end and qualify for a special championship tournament that would climax the year .
LASIK
`` Before undergoing a refractive procedure , you should carefully weigh the risks and benefits based on your own personal value system , and try to avoid being influenced by friends that have had the procedure or doctors encouraging you to do so . ''
List of diets
Fruitarian diet : A diet which predominantly consists of raw fruit . Lacto vegetarianism : A vegetarian diet that includes certain types of dairy , but excludes eggs and foods which contain animal rennet . A common diet among followers of several religions , including Hinduism , Sikhism and Jainism , based on the principle of Ahimsa ( non-harming ) . Ovo vegetarianism : A vegetarian diet that includes eggs , but excludes dairy . Ovo - lacto vegetarianism : A vegetarian diet that includes eggs and dairy . Vegan diet : In addition to the abstentions of a vegetarian diet , vegans do not use any product produced by animals , such as eggs , dairy products , or honey . The vegan philosophy and lifestyle is broader than just the diet and also includes abstaining from using any products tested on animals and often campaigning for animal rights .
Promotion (chess)
The ability to promote is often the critical factor in endgames and thus is an important consideration in opening and middlegame strategy . Almost all promotions occur in the endgame , but promotion in the middlegame does happen .
Ancient Egypt
The diets of the wealthy were rich in sugars , which promoted periodontal disease . Despite the flattering physiques portrayed on tomb walls , the overweight mummies of many of the upper class show the effects of a life of overindulgence . Adult life expectancy was about 35 for men and 30 for women , but reaching adulthood was difficult as about one - third of the population died in infancy .
World Health Organization
It also tries to prevent or reduce risk factors for `` health conditions associated with use of tobacco , alcohol , drugs and other psychoactive substances , unhealthy diets and physical inactivity and unsafe sex '' .
Lifestyle (sociology)
A healthy or unhealthy lifestyle will most likely be transmitted across generations . According to the study done by Case et al. ( 2002 ) , when a 0 - 3 year old child has a mother who practices a healthy lifestyle , this child will be 27 % more likely to become healthy and adopt the same lifestyle . For instance , high income parents are more likely to eat organic food , have time to exercise , and provide the best living condition to their children . On the other hand , low income parents are more likely to participate in unhealthy activities such as smoking to help them release poverty - related stress and depression . Parents are the first teacher for every child . Everything that parents do will be very likely transferred to their children through the learning process .
Nutrition facts label
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare had , on September 19 , 2008 , notified the Prevention of Food Adulteration ( 5th Amendment ) Rules , 2008 , mandating packaged food manufacturers to declare on their product labels nutritional information and a mark from the F.P.O or Agmark ( Companies that are responsible for checking food products ) to enable consumers make informed choices while purchasing . Prior to this amendment , disclosure of nutritional information was largely voluntary though many large manufacturers tend to adopt the international practice .
Model (person)
Fitness modelling focuses on displaying a healthy , toned physique . Fitness models usually have defined muscle groups . The model 's body weight is greater due to muscle weighing more than fat ; however , they have a lower body fat percentage because the muscles are toned and sculpted . Fitness models are often used in magazine advertising ; they can also in some cases be certified personal fitness trainers . However , other fitness models are also athletes and compete as professionals in fitness and figure competitions . There are several agencies in large markets such as New York , London , and Germany that have fitness modelling agencies . While there is a large market for these models , most of these agencies are a secondary agency promoting models who typically earn their primary income as commercial models . There are also magazines that gear towards specifically fitness modelling or getting fit and in shape .
Human rights and development
The development goal is strongly related to rights to Food , Water & Sanitation . Defined as ' freedom from hunger ' , the right to food may be seen as a right to ' nutrition ' . Nutrition is achieved not through food alone but with clean water , health - care , hygiene , and other inputs . In India despite constitutional protections of certain economic and social rights , including the right to food , and relatively stable democratic institutions , the underprivileged are excluded from actively participating in democratic politics , with the result that their aspirations and priorities are not reflected in public policy . The elitism of public policy further disempowers the poor by perpetuating their deprivations .
Golf ball
In general , the governing bodies and their regulations seek to provide a relatively level playing field and maintain the traditional form of the game and its equipment , while not completely halting the use of new technology in equipment design .
Obesity in the United States
Obesity in the United States is a major health issue , resulting in numerous diseases , specifically increased risk of certain types of cancer , coronary artery disease , type 2 diabetes , stroke , as well as significant economic costs . While many industrialized countries have experienced similar increases , obesity rates in the United States are the highest in the world .
Clint Eastwood
Despite smoking in some of his films , Eastwood is a lifelong non-smoker , has been conscious of his health and fitness since he was a teenager , and practices healthful eating and daily Transcendental Meditation .
Eating disorder
According to one study , 40 % of 9 - and 10 - year - old girls are already trying to lose weight . Such dieting is reported to be influenced by peer behavior , with many of those individuals on a diet reporting that their friends also were dieting . The number of friends dieting and the number of friends who pressured them to diet also played a significant role in their own choices .
Nutrition facts label
With certain exceptions , such as foods meant for babies , the following Daily Values are used . These are called Reference Daily Intake ( RDI ) values and were originally based on the highest 1968 Recommended Dietary Allowances ( RDA ) for each nutrient in order to assure that the needs of all age and sex combinations were met . These are older than the current Recommended Dietary Allowances of the Dietary Reference Intake . For vitamin C , vitamin D , vitamin E , vitamin K , calcium , phosphorus , magnesium , and manganese , the current highest RDAs are up to 50 % higher than the older Daily Values used in labeling , whereas for other nutrients the recommended needs have gone down . A side - by - side table of the old and new adult Daily Values is provided at Reference Daily Intake . As of October 2010 , the only micronutrients that are required to be included on all labels are vitamin A , vitamin C , calcium , and iron . To determine the nutrient levels in the foods , companies may develop or use databases , and these may be submitted voluntarily to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for review .
Fitness culture
In the Soviet Union , the Leninist Young Communist League created the Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR in 1931 , which was a fitness program that was designed to improve public health and prepare the population for highly productive work and the defense of `` the motherland '' .
Model (person)
Male and female models must also possess clear skin , healthy hair , and attractive facial features . Stringent weight and body proportion guidelines form the selection criteria by which established , and would ‐ be , models are judged for their placement suitability , on an ongoing basis . There can be some variation regionally , and by market tier , subject to current prevailing trends at any point , in any era , by agents , agencies and end - clients .
Nutrition facts label
Additionally , there is a requirement for ingredients to be listed in order from highest to lowest quantity , according to their weight . The
Autophagy
Oftentimes , cancer occurs when several different pathways that regulate cell differentiation are disturbed . Autophagy plays an important role in cancer -- both in protecting against cancer as well as potentially contributing to the growth of cancer . Autophagy can contribute to cancer by promoting survival of tumor cells that have been starved , or that degrade apoptotic mediators through autophagy : in such cases , use of inhibitors of the late stages of autophagy ( such as chloroquine ) , on the cells that use autophagy to survive , increases the number of cancer cells killed by antineoplastic drugs .
Fitness culture
Fitness institutions are places where people can cultivate their individual needs in terms of keeping fit and having fun with other people . They have been developed as a commercial environment since 1980s . The concept beyond this commercial aspect can be explained by the idea of making the best use of time because people must pay for their membership in order to join a fitness institution . Thus , they are considered customers . Fitness institutions are trying to explore the market by providing extra services such as personal trainers , coaches and experts .
List of diets
Many of the diets listed below could fall into more than one subcategory . Where this is the case , it is noted in that diet 's entry .
History of Maryland
In Chesapeake society ( that is , colonial Virginia and Maryland ) sports occupied a great deal of attention at every social level . Horse racing was sponsored by the wealthy gentry plantation owners , and attracted ordinary farmers as spectators and gamblers . Selected slaves often became skilled horse trainers . Horse racing was especially important for knitting the gentry together . The race was a major public event designed to demonstrate to the world the superior social status of the gentry through expensive breeding , training , boasting and gambling , and especially winning the races themselves . Historian Timothy Breen explains that horseracing and high - stakes gambling were essential to maintaining the status of the gentry . When they publicly bet a large fraction of their wealth on their favorite horse , it told the world that competitiveness , individualism , and materialism where the core elements of gentry values .
First Nations
Colonization had a significant impact on First Nations diet and health . According to the historian Mary - Ellen Kelm , `` inadequate reserve allocations , restrictions on the food fishery , overhunting , and over-trapping '' alienated First Nations from their traditional way of life , which undermined their physical , mental , emotional , and spiritual health .
Testosterone
Testosterone is a steroid from the androstane class containing a keto and hydroxyl groups at the three and seventeen positions respectively . It is biosynthesized in several steps from cholesterol and is converted in the liver to inactive metabolites . It exerts its action through binding to and activation of the androgen receptor . In humans and most other vertebrates , testosterone is secreted primarily by the testicles of males and , to a lesser extent , the ovaries of females . On average , in adult males , levels of testosterone are about 7 to 8 times as great as in adult females . As the metabolism of testosterone in males is greater , the daily production is about 20 times greater in men . Females are also more sensitive to the hormone .
Sociology
To aim for a civilisation beyond that made possible by the nexus of the surrounding environment will result in unloosing sickness into the very society we live in . Collective activity can not be encouraged beyond the point set by the condition of the social organism without undermining health . --
Eating disorder
Prevention aims to promote a healthy development before the occurrence of eating disorders . It also intends early identification of an eating disorder before it is too late to treat . Children as young as ages 5 -- 7 are aware of the cultural messages regarding body image and dieting . Prevention comes in bringing these issues to the light . The following topics can be discussed with young children ( as well as teens and young adults ) .
Sustainability
Food is essential to life . Feeding more than seven billion human bodies takes a heavy toll on the Earth 's resources . This begins with the appropriation of about 38 % of the Earth 's land surface and about 20 % of its net primary productivity . Added to this are the resource - hungry activities of industrial agribusiness -- everything from the crop need for irrigation water , synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to the resource costs of food packaging , transport ( now a major part of global trade ) and retail . Environmental problems associated with industrial agriculture and agribusiness are now being addressed through such movements as sustainable agriculture , organic farming and more sustainable business practices .
Fitness culture
Fitness culture is a sociocultural phenomenon which refers to the culture surrounding physical exercises . It is usually associated with gym culture , as doing physical exercises in locations such as gyms , wellness centres and health clubs is a popular activity . An international survey found that more than 27 % of world total adult population attends fitness centres , and that 61 % of regular exercisers are currently doing `` gym - type '' activities .