vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Hudson River
The Hudson River is a 315 - mile ( 507 km ) river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States . The river originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York , flows through the Hudson Valley , and eventually drains into the Atlantic Ocean , between New York City and Jersey City . The river serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York , and further north between New York counties . The lower half of the river is a tidal estuary occupying the Hudson Fjord , an inlet which formed during the most recent period of North American glaciation , estimated at 26,000 to 13,300 years ago . Tidal waters influence the Hudson 's flow from as far north as Troy .
River Welland
( End of New River , Little London ) TF242210 End of Welland Washes Start of Coronation Channel 52 ° 46 ′ 43 '' N 0 ° 09 ′ 19 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 52.7786 ° N 0.1554 ° W ﻿ / 52.7786 ; - 0.1554 ﻿ ( Start of Coronation Channel ) TF245217 Spalding Spalding Lock 52 ° 47 ′ 59 '' N 0 ° 08 ′ 06 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 52.7997 ° N 0.1350 ° W ﻿ / 52.7997 ; - 0.1350 ﻿ ( Spalding Lock ) TF258240 Jn with River Glen 52 ° 50 ′ 50 '' N 0 ° 05 ′ 49 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 52.8472 ° N 0.0970 ° W ﻿ / 52.8472 ; - 0.0970 ﻿ ( Jn with River Glen ) TF282294 Surfleet Fosdyke Bridge 52 ° 52 ′ 17 '' N 0 ° 02 ′ 32 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 52.8713 ° N 0.0423 ° W ﻿ / 52.8713 ; - 0.0423 ﻿ ( Fosdyke Bridge ) TF318322 Drains called ' Five towns drain ' Mouth at The Wash 52 ° 53 ′ 54 '' N 0 ° 01 ′ 51 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 52.8983 ° N 0.0308 ° E ﻿ / 52.8983 ; 0.0308 ﻿ ( Mouth at The Wash ) TF366353
Snake River
The Salmon River , the largest tributary of the Snake River , meets it in one of the most remote areas of its entire course , nearly at the halfway point in Hells Canyon . From there , the Snake crosses into Washington and Idaho , receiving the Grande Ronde River from the west before receiving the Clearwater River at Lewiston , the uppermost major city on the navigable stretch of the Snake . As the Snake leaves Hells Canyon and spreads into the low - lying Palouse Hills of eastern Washington , the Lower Snake River Project 's four dams have transformed the Snake River into a series of reservoirs . The confluence of the Snake and Columbia rivers has been submerged in Lake Wallula , the reservoir of McNary Dam . The Columbia River flows about 325 miles ( 523 km ) further west to the Pacific Ocean , cutting through the Cascade Range by way of the Columbia River Gorge .
Hudson River
Afterward , leaving the Hudson Highlands , the river enters Haverstraw Bay , the widest point of the river at 3.5 miles ( 5.6 km ) wide . Shortly thereafter , the river forms the Tappan Zee and flows under the Tappan Zee Bridge , which carries the New York State Thruway between Tarrytown and Nyack in Westchester and Rockland Counties respectively . South of the Tappan Zee Bridge , the west bank of the Hudson becomes Bergen and Hudson Counties of New Jersey , and further south the east bank of the river becomes Yonkers and then the Riverdale neighborhood of the Bronx in New York City . The Palisades , large , rocky cliffs along the west bank of the river , begin along the west bank of the river opposite the Bronx . South of the confluence of the Hudson and Spuyten Duyvil Creek , the east bank of the river becomes Manhattan . The river is sometimes still called the North River at this point . The George Washington Bridge crosses the river between Fort Lee and the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan . The Lincoln Tunnel and the Holland Tunnel also cross under the river between Manhattan and New Jersey . South of the Battery , the river proper ends , meeting the East River to form Upper New York Bay , also known as New York Harbor . Its outflow continues through the Narrows between Brooklyn and Staten Island , under the Verrazano Bridge , and into Lower New York Bay and the Atlantic Ocean .
Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent , second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system . The stream is entirely within the United States ( although its drainage basin reaches into Canada ) , its source is in northern Minnesota and it flows generally south for 2,320 miles ( 3,730 km ) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico . With its many tributaries , the Mississippi 's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains . The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge . The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , Iowa , Illinois , Missouri , Kentucky , Tennessee , Arkansas , Mississippi , and Louisiana .
Snake River
Passenger and freight service downstream of Lewiston lasted throughout the late 19th century and persisted until the introduction of railroads in the Palouse Hills grain - growing region and ultimately , the construction of dams on the lower Snake to facilitate barge traffic , which caused the demise of both the steamboats and the railroad . Lewiston , 140 miles ( 230 km ) from the confluence of the Snake and Columbia and 465 miles ( 748 km ) from the mouth of the Columbia on the Pacific Ocean , became connected with Portland and other Pacific ports via steamboat service from the mouth of the Snake through the Columbia River Gorge . A commonly traveled route was from Wallula , Washington , 120 miles ( 190 km ) downstream of the Snake River 's mouth , upstream to Lewiston . The Oregon Steam Navigation Company launched the Shoshone at Fort Boise in 1866 which provided passenger and freight service on the upper Snake for the Boise and Owyhee mines .
Snake River
Southwest of the city of Rexburg , the Snake receives from the right the Henrys Fork , sometimes called the North Fork of the Snake River . The confluence with the Henrys Fork takes the river southwards through downtown Idaho Falls , rounding the Fort Hall Indian Reservation and into American Falls Reservoir , receiving the Portneuf River . The Portneuf River Valley is an overflow channel that in the last glacial period carried floodwaters from pluvial Lake Bonneville into the Snake River Plain , carving out many topographic features and significantly altering the Snake River landscape . The Snake River resumes its journey westwards , then enters the Snake River Canyon of Idaho , where it drops over Shoshone Falls , a waterfall that marks the historical upriver limit of migrating salmon , and passing under the Perrine Bridge . Close to Twin Falls , the Snake approaches the southernmost point in its entire course , after which it starts to flow generally northwest . The
Hudson River
Although numerous sources show the river originating directly at Henderson Lake , per the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ) , the river cartographically begins at the confluence of Indian Pass Brook and Calamity Brook near the outlet of Henderson Lake in Newcomb , in the Adirondack Park .
Hudson River
The source of the Hudson River is Lake Tear of the Clouds in the Adirondack Park at an altitude of 4,322 feet ( 1,317 m ) . The river is not cartographically called the Hudson River until miles downstream . The river is named Feldspar Brook until its confluence with Calamity Brook , and then is named Calamity Brook until the river reaches Indian Pass Brook , flowing south from the outlet of Henderson Lake . From that point on , the stream is cartographically known as the Hudson River . The
Algonquian peoples
Colonists in the Massachusetts Bay area first encountered the Wampanoag , Massachusett , Nipmuck , Pennacook , Penobscot , Passamaquoddy , and Quinnipiac . The Mohegan , Pequot , Pocumtuc , Tunxis , and Narragansett were based in southern New England . The Abenaki tribe was located in northern New England : present - day Maine , New Hampshire , and Vermont in what became the United States and eastern Quebec in what became Canada . They had established trading relationships with French colonists who settled along the Atlantic coast and what was later called the St. Lawrence River . The Mohican tribe was located in western New England and in the upper Hudson River Valley ( around what was developed by Europeans as Albany , New York ) . These tribes practiced agriculture , hunting and fishing .
Vermont
Lake Champlain , the sixth - largest body of fresh water in the United States , separates Vermont from New York in the northwest portion of the state . From north to south , Vermont is 159 miles ( 256 km ) long . Its greatest width , from east to west , is 89 miles ( 143 km ) at the Canada -- U.S. border ; the narrowest width is 37 miles ( 60 km ) at the Massachusetts line . The width averages 60.5 miles ( 97.4 km ) . The state 's geographic center is approximately three miles ( 5 km ) east of Roxbury , in Washington County . There are fifteen U.S. federal border crossings between Vermont and Canada .
River Welland
The Welland passes to the north of Corby near Rockingham , and then to the south of Caldecott , where it becomes the county border between Northamptonshire and Rutland , and the Eye Brook , which has been dammed to form the Eyebrook Reservoir , joins from the north . As it flows past Harringworth , the river forms two channels , with the county border following the smaller , northern channel . It is crossed by the 1,275 - yard ( 1,166 m ) Welland Viaduct , with its 82 brick arches , which was completed in 1879 , and carries the Oakham to Kettering Line over the valley . Apart from viaducts carrying suburban lines into London , it is the longest railway viaduct to be built in Britain . Uppingham Brook flows eastwards from Uppingham to join on the north bank , and the Jurassic Way long distance footpath crosses the river at Turtle Bridge . This probably dates from the fourteenth century , although it was widened in 1793 , and a parapet has been added subsequently . On the road from Barrowden to Wakerley , there is a medieval bridge with five pointed arches , which was widened in the eighteenth century . Gretton Brook flows from the south to join the river near Duddington , where there is a well - known mill building of earliest known date 1664 . A limestone ashlar bridge with four arches crosses the river , dating from the fifteenth century but widened in 1919 . After the river passes under a railway bridge at Ketton , its flow is swelled by the River Chater . The county border again leaves the river to the west of Stamford while below the town the river forms the border between Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire .
Hudson River
South of the Federal Dam , the Hudson River begins to widen considerably . The river enters the Hudson Valley , flowing along the west bank of Albany and the east bank of Rensselaer . Interstate 90 crosses the Hudson into Albany at this point in the river . The Hudson then leaves the Capital District , forming the boundary between Greene and Columbia Counties . It then meets its confluence with Schodack Creek , widening considerably at this point . After flowing by Hudson , the river then forms the boundary between Ulster and Columbia Counties and Ulster and Dutchess Counties , passing Germantown and Kingston . The Delaware and Hudson Canal meets the river at this point . The river then flows by Hyde Park , former residence of Franklin D. Roosevelt , and alongside the city of Poughkeepsie , flowing under the Walkway over the Hudson and the Mid-Hudson Bridge . Afterwards , the Hudson passes Wappingers Falls and takes in Wappinger Creek . The river then forms the boundary between Orange and Dutchess Counties . It flows between Newburgh and Beacon and under the Newburgh Beacon Bridge , taking in the Fishkill Creek . In this area , between Gee 's Point at the US Military Academy and Constitution Island , an area known as `` World 's End '' marks the deepest part of the Hudson , at 202 feet ( 62 m ) . Shortly thereafter , the river enters the Hudson Highlands between Putnam and Orange Counties , flowing between mountains such as Storm King Mountain , Breakneck Ridge , and Bear Mountain . The river narrows considerably here before flowing under the Bear Mountain Bridge , which connects Westchester and Rockland Counties . The
Paul Revere
The British in June 1779 established a new base on Penobscot Bay in present - day Maine ( which was then part of Massachusetts ) . Massachusetts authorities called out the militia , pressed into service available shipping , and organized a major expedition to dislodge the British . The expedition was a complete fiasco : its land and naval commanders squabbled over control of the expedition , and could not agree on strategy or tactics . The arrival of British reinforcements led to the destruction of the entire Massachusetts fleet . Revere commanded the artillery units for the expedition , and was responsible for organizing the artillery train . He participated in the taking of Bank 's Island , from which artillery batteries could reach the British ships anchored before Fort George . He next oversaw the transport of the guns from Bank 's Island to a new position on the heights of the Bagaduce Peninsula that commanded the fort . Although Revere was in favor of storming the fort , Brigadier General Solomon Lovell opted for a siege instead . After further disagreements on how to proceed between Lovell and fleet commander Dudley Saltonstall , Lovell decided to return to the transports on August 12 , a decision supported by Revere .
Snake River
The Snake River is the thirteenth longest river in the United States . Its watershed is the 10th largest among North American rivers , and covers almost 108,000 square miles ( 280,000 km ) in portions of six U.S. states : Wyoming , Idaho , Nevada , Utah , Oregon , and Washington , with the largest portion in Idaho . Most of the Snake River watershed lies between the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Columbia Plateau on the northwest . The largest tributary of the Columbia River , the Snake River watershed makes up about 41 % of the entire Columbia River Basin . Its average discharge at the mouth constitutes 31 % of the Columbia 's flow at that point . Above the confluence , the Snake is slightly longer than the Columbia -- 1,078 miles ( 1,735 km ) compared to 928 miles ( 1,493 km ) -- and its drainage basin is slightly larger -- 4 % bigger than the upstream Columbia River watershed .
St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)
Other major tributaries include the Kettle River , Snake River , and Sunrise River joining from the west , and the Apple River , Willow River , and Kinnickinnic River joining from the east . Just below Stillwater , Minnesota the river widens into Lake St. Croix , and eventually joins the Mississippi River at Prescott , Wisconsin , approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) southeast of St. Paul , Minnesota .
Yadkin River
Yadkin River The Yadkin River at Elkin , North Carolina , in 2011 . The Yadkin River is the northernmost part of the Pee Dee Drainage Basin . Country United States State North Carolina Physical characteristics Main source Watauga County near Blowing Rock 36 ° 08 ′ 39 '' N 81 ° 37 ′ 45 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 36.1442958 ° N 81.6292711 ° W ﻿ / 36.1442958 ; - 81.6292711 River mouth Confluence with the Uwharrie River , forming the Pee Dee River 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) southeast of Badin 35 ° 22 ′ 51 '' N 80 ° 03 ′ 35 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 35.3806969 ° N 80.0597749 ° W ﻿ / 35.3806969 ; - 80.0597749 Basin features Progression Yadkin River → Pee Dee River → Atlantic Ocean River system Yadkin -- Pee Dee River Basin Waterbodies W. Kerr Scott Reservoir , High Rock Lake , Tuckertown Reservoir , Badin Lake , Falls Reservoir GNIS 1024415
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The British troops crossed the Menotomy River ( today known as Alewife Brook ) into Cambridge , and the fight grew more intense . Fresh militia arrived in close array instead of in a scattered formation , and Percy used his two artillery pieces and flankers at a crossroads called Watson 's Corner to inflict heavy damage on them .
Mississippi River
Through a natural process known as avulsion or delta switching , the lower Mississippi River has shifted its final course to the mouth of the Gulf of Mexico every thousand years or so . This occurs because the deposits of silt and sediment begin to clog its channel , raising the river 's level and causing it to eventually find a steeper , more direct route to the Gulf of Mexico . The abandoned distributaries diminish in volume and form what are known as bayous . This process has , over the past 5,000 years , caused the coastline of south Louisiana to advance toward the Gulf from 15 to 50 miles ( 24 to 80 km ) . The currently active delta lobe is called the Birdfoot Delta , after its shape , or the Balize Delta , after La Balize , Louisiana , the first French settlement at the mouth of the Mississippi . Prehistoric
Snake River
Unlike the Columbia River , it was far more difficult for steamboats to navigate on the Snake . The Columbia River drops 2,690 feet ( 820 m ) from source to mouth , while the Snake drops over 8,500 feet ( 2,600 m ) in elevation over a length more than 200 miles ( 320 km ) shorter . Still , from the 1860s to the 1940s , steamboats traveled on the Snake River from its mouth at the Columbia River to near the mouth of the Imnaha River in lower Hells Canyon . However , most of the steamboats only sailed from the river 's mouth to Lewiston , located at the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater rivers . This stretch of the river is the easiest to navigate for watercraft since it has the least elevation change , although it still contained over 60 sets of rapids .
Snake River
The Lewis and Clark Expedition ( 1804 -- 06 ) was the first American group to cross the Rocky Mountains and sail down the Snake and Columbia rivers to the Pacific Ocean . Meriwether Lewis supposedly became the first American to sight the drainage basin of the Snake River after he crossed the mountains a few days ahead of his party on August 12 , 1805 , and sighted the Salmon River valley ( a major Snake tributary ) from Lemhi Pass , a few miles from the present - day site of Salmon , Idaho . The party later traveled north , descended the Lemhi River to the Salmon and attempted to descend it to the Snake , but found it impassable because of its violent rapids . The expedition named the Snake River the Lewis River , Lewis 's River , or Lewis Fork , in his honor , and they traveled northwards to the Lochsa River , which they traveled via the Clearwater River into the lower Snake , and into the Columbia . They also referred to the Shoshone Indians as the `` Snake Indians '' , which became the present - day name of the river . The name `` Lewis Fork '' , however , did not last . The
Ojibwe
According to Ojibwe oral history and from recordings in birch bark scrolls , the Ojibwe originated from the mouth of the St. Lawrence River on the Atlantic coast of what is now Quebec . They traded widely across the continent for thousands of years as they migrated , and knew of the canoe routes to move north , west to east , and then south in the Americas . The identification of the Ojibwe as a culture or people may have occurred in response to contact with Europeans . The Europeans preferred to deal with bounded groups and tried to identify those they encountered .
Snake River
Shortly after it passes within 30 miles ( 48 km ) of the Idaho state capital of Boise , the river surges past the state border into Oregon , close to where it meets the Owyhee , Boise and Payette rivers . The Snake River begins to define the roughly 200 - mile - long ( 320 km ) Idaho -- Oregon state border , which follows the river into Hells Canyon , a steep and spectacular gorge that cuts through the Salmon River Mountains and Blue Mountains of Idaho and Oregon . Hells Canyon is one of the most rugged and treacherous portions of the course of the Snake River , which pioneers on the Oregon Trail and steamboat operators in the 19th century had great difficulty negotiating . There were hundreds of rapids in Hells Canyon , some of which have been stilled by the three dams of the Hells Canyon Hydroelectric Project : Hells Canyon , Oxbow , and Brownlee .
Blackstone River
The Blackstone River is a river in the U.S. states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island . It flows approximately 48 mi ( 80 km ) and drains a watershed of approximately 540 sq. mi ( 1,400 km2 ) . Its long history of industrial use has left a legacy of pollution , and was characterized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1990 as `` the most polluted river in the country with respect to toxic sediments . ''
The Devon School
The town of Devon , as described by Knowles , is of course very similar to the real - life Exeter , New Hampshire and the Devon River and the Naguamsett River are based on the Exeter River and the Squamscott River . Exactly like its real - life basis , the fresh - water Devon River eventually falls into the tidal Naguamsett , a marshy , mud - banked saline body of water that eventually connected to the ocean . The two rivers were separated by a dam and a small waterfall .
St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)
The St. Croix River rises in the northwestern corner of Wisconsin , out of Upper St. Croix Lake in Douglas County , near Solon Springs , approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of Lake Superior . It flows south to Gordon , then southwest . It is joined by the Namekagon River in northern Burnett County , where it becomes significantly wider . A few miles downstream the St. Croix meets the boundary between Minnesota and Wisconsin , which it demarcates for another 130 miles ( 209 km ) until its confluence with the Mississippi River . Aerial
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Dawes covered the southern land route by horseback across Boston Neck and over the Great Bridge to Lexington . Revere first gave instructions to send a signal to Charlestown using lanterns hung in the steeple of Boston 's Old North Church . He then traveled the northern water route , crossing the mouth of the Charles River by rowboat , slipping past the British warship HMS Somerset at anchor . Crossings were banned at that hour , but Revere safely landed in Charlestown and rode west to Lexington , warning almost every house along the route . Additional riders were sent north from Charlestown . Silversmith
Vermont
The west bank of the Connecticut River marks the state 's eastern border with New Hampshire , though much of the river is within New Hampshire 's territory . 41 % of Vermont 's land area is part of the Connecticut River 's watershed .
River Mersey
The start of the Mersey is at the confluence of the River Tame and River Goyt in Stockport . It flows westwards through the suburban areas of south Manchester , then into the Manchester Ship Canal at Irlam , becoming a part of the canal and maintaining the canal 's water levels . After 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) the river exits the canal flowing towards Warrington where the river widens before it then narrows as it passes between the towns of Runcorn and Widnes . From Runcorn the river widens into a large estuary , which is 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) wide at its widest point near Ellesmere Port . The course of the river then turns north as the estuary narrows between Liverpool and Birkenhead on the Wirral Peninsula to the west , and empties into Liverpool Bay . In total the river flows 70.33 miles ( 113 km ) .
Colony of Virginia
Their instructions were to select a location inland along a waterway where they would be less vulnerable to the Spanish or other Europeans also seeking to establish colonies . They sailed westward into the Bay and reached the mouth of Hampton Roads , stopping at a location now known as Old Point Comfort . Keeping the shoreline to their right , they then ventured up the largest river , which they named the James , for their king . After exploring at least as far upriver as the confluence of the Appomattox River at present - day Hopewell , they returned downstream to Jamestown Island , which offered a favorable defensive position against enemy ships and deep water anchorage adjacent to the land . Within two weeks they had constructed their first fort and named their settlement Jamestown .