vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Because I could not stop for Death
The poem was published posthumously in 1890 in Poems : Series 1 , a collection of Dickinson 's poems assembled and edited by her friends Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson . The poem was published under the title `` The Chariot '' . It is composed in six quatrains with the meter alternating between iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter . Stanzas 1 , 2 , 4 , and 6 employ end rhyme in their second and fourth lines , but some of these are only close rhyme or eye rhyme . In the third stanza , there is no end rhyme , but `` ring '' in line 2 rhymes with `` gazing '' and `` setting '' in lines 3 and 4 respectively . Internal rhyme is scattered throughout . Figures of speech include alliteration , anaphora , paradox , and personification . The poem personifies Death as a gentleman caller who takes a leisurely carriage ride with the poet to her grave . She also personifies immortality . The volta ( turn ) happens in the fourth quatrain . Structurally , the syllables shift from its constant 8 - 6 - 8 - 6 scheme to 6 - 8 - 8 - 6 . This parallels with the undertones of the sixth quatrain . The personification of death changes from one of pleasantry to one of ambiguity and morbidity : `` Or rather -- He passed Us -- / The Dews drew quivering and chill -- '' ( 13 - 14 ) . The imagery changes from its original nostalgic form of children playing and setting suns to Death 's real concern of taking the speaker to afterlife .
Agatha Christie
Christie was a voracious reader from an early age . Among her earliest memories were those of reading the children 's books written by Mrs Molesworth , including The Adventures of Herr Baby ( 1881 ) , Christmas Tree Land ( 1897 ) , and The Magic Nuts ( 1898 ) . She also read the work of Edith Nesbit , including The Story of the Treasure Seekers ( 1899 ) , The Phoenix and the Carpet ( 1903 ) , and The Railway Children ( 1906 ) . When a little older , she moved on to reading the surreal verse of Edward Lear and Lewis Carroll . In April 1901 , at age 10 , she wrote her first poem , `` The cowslip '' .
Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking
`` Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking '' is a poem by Walt Whitman . It is one of Whitman 's complex and successfully integrated poems . Whitman used several new techniques in the poem . One is the use of images like bird , boy , sea . The influence of music is also seen in opera form . Some critics have taken the poem to be an elegy mourning the death of someone dear to him . The basic theme of the poem is the relationship between suffering and art . It shows how a boy matures into a poet through his experience of love and death . Art is a sublimation of frustrations and death is a release from the stress and strains caused by such frustrations . The language is similar to `` There Was a Child Went Forth '' .
Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking
Originally titled `` A Child 's Remembrance '' , the poem was first published in the Saturday Press on December 24 , 1859 . The newspaper included this introduction : `` Our readers may , if they choose , consider as our Christmas or New Year 's present to them , the curious warble by Walt Whitman '' .
History of childhood
The modern notion of childhood with its own autonomy and goals began to emerge during the Enlightenment and the Romantic period that followed it . Jean Jacques Rousseau formulated the romantic attitude towards children in his famous 1762 novel Emile : or , On Education . Building on the ideas of John Locke and other 17th - century thinkers , Rousseau described childhood as a brief period of sanctuary before people encounter the perils and hardships of adulthood . `` Why rob these innocents of the joys which pass so quickly , '' Rousseau pleaded . `` Why fill with bitterness the fleeting early days of childhood , days which will no more return for them than for you ? ''
Belshazzar's feast
The incident is recounted and illustrated in the Pearl Poet 's poem Cleanness . In John Cheever 's short story `` Mene , Mene , Tekel , Upharsin , '' the narrator encounters graffiti ( one example running several pages ) in various public washrooms . In Robert Louis Stevenson 's book The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde , Jekyll explains that his experience as Mr. Hyde was `` like the Babylonian finger on the wall , to be spelling out the letters of my judgment '' . In the musical revue Pins and Needles , a song titled `` Mene , Mene , Tekel '' uses the tale as allegory describing contemporary social injustices . In Samuel Beckett 's Endgame , Hamm asks of Clov , `` and what do you see on your wall ? Mene , mene ? Naked bodies ? '' In Voltairine de Cleyre 's last poem , `` Written in Red '' , the first verse begins : Written in red their protest stands , For the Gods of the World to see ; On the dooming wall their bodiless hands Have blazoned `` Upharsin , '' and flaring brands Illumine the message : `` Seize the lands ! Open the prisons and make men free ! '' Flame out the living words of the dead Written -- in -- red .
Romanticism
Robert Burns ( 1759 -- 96 ) and Walter Scott ( 1771 -- 1832 ) were highly influenced by the Ossian cycle . Burns , an Ayrshire poet and lyricist , is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and a major influence on the Romantic movement . His poem ( and song ) `` Auld Lang Syne '' is often sung at Hogmanay ( the last day of the year ) , and `` Scots Wha Hae '' served for a long time as an unofficial national anthem of the country . Scott began as a poet and also collected and published Scottish ballads . His first prose work , Waverley in 1814 , is often called the first historical novel . It launched a highly successful career , with other historical novels such as Rob Roy ( 1817 ) , The Heart of Midlothian ( 1818 ) and Ivanhoe ( 1820 ) . Scott probably did more than any other figure to define and popularise Scottish cultural identity in the nineteenth century . Other major literary figures connected with Romanticism include the poets and novelists James Hogg ( 1770 -- 1835 ) , Allan Cunningham ( 1784 -- 1842 ) and John Galt ( 1779 -- 1839 ) . One of the most significant figures of the Romantic movement , Lord Byron , was brought up in Scotland until he inherited his family 's English peerage . Raeburn
Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking
The poem was later included in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass under the title `` A Word Out of the Sea '' ( and occasionally erroneously referred to , even by Whitman himself , as `` A Voice Out of the Sea '' ) . `` Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking '' is found in the title section , Sea - Drift . Several of Whitman 's individuals poems , including `` Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking '' , focus on the seashore ; his first was `` A Sketch '' .
Agatha Christie
Seven stories are built around words from well known children 's nursery rhymes : And Then There Were None ( from `` Ten Little Indians '' ) , One , Two , Buckle My Shoe ( from `` One , Two , Buckle My Shoe '' ) , Five Little Pigs ( from `` This Little Piggy '' ) , Crooked House ( from `` There Was a Crooked Man '' ) , A Pocket Full of Rye ( from `` Sing a Song of Sixpence '' ) , Hickory Dickory Dock ( from `` Hickory Dickory Dock '' ) , and Three Blind Mice ( from `` Three Blind Mice '' ) . Similarly , the novel Mrs McGinty 's Dead is named after a children 's game that is explained in the course of the novel . Character
Iliad
Robert Browning 's poem Development discusses his childhood introduction to the matter of the Iliad and his delight in the epic , as well as contemporary debates about its authorship .
Oliver Twist
In this early example of the social novel , Dickens satirises the hypocrisies of his time , including child labour , the recruitment of children as criminals , and the presence of street children . The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe , an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s . It is likely that Dickens 's own youthful experiences contributed as well .
To Autumn
The poem has three eleven - line stanzas which describe a progression through the season , from the late maturation of the crops to the harvest and to the last days of autumn when winter is nearing . The imagery is richly achieved through the personification of Autumn , and the description of its bounty , its sights and sounds . It has parallels in the work of English landscape artists , with Keats himself describing the fields of stubble that he saw on his walk as being like that in a painting .
Pandora
But an alternative interpretation of Pandora 's curiosity makes it merely an extension of childish innocence . This comes out in portrayals of Pandora as a young girl , as in Walter Crane 's `` Little Pandora '' spilling buttons while encumbered by the doll she is carrying , in Arthur Rackham 's book illustration and Frederick Stuart Church 's etching of an adolescent girl taken aback by the contents of the ornamental box she has opened . The same innocence informs Odilon Redon 's 1910 / 12 clothed figure carrying a box and merging into a landscape suffused with light , and even more the 1914 version of a naked Pandora surrounded by flowers , a primaeval Eve in the Garden of Eden . Such innocence , `` naked and without alarm '' in the words of an earlier French poet , portrays Pandora more as victim of a conflict outside her comprehension than as temptress .
Paterson, New Jersey
Paterson is the subject of William Carlos Williams ' five - book epic poem Paterson , a cornerstone work of modern American poetry . Paterson is also mentioned in the twelfth line of Part 1 of Allen Ginsberg 's poem Howl . In the novel On the Road by Ginsberg 's friend Jack Kerouac , the protagonist Sal Paradise lives with his aunt in Paterson . Kerouac may have chosen Paterson as a stand - in for his hometown of Lowell , Massachusetts , also a mill town with a waterfall . Paterson is the setting of many of Junot Diaz 's short stories and novels , including the Pulitzer Prize - winning The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao , and John Updike 's 1997 novel In the Beauty of the Lilies .
James Russell Lowell
A Year 's Life ( 1841 ) Miscellaneous Poems ( 1843 ) The Biglow Papers ( 1848 ) A Fable for Critics ( 1848 ) Poems ( 1848 ) The Vision of Sir Launfal ( 1848 ) Under the Willows ( 1869 ) The Cathedral ( 1870 ) Heartsease and Rue ( 1888 )
Novel
While prose rather than verse became the standard of the modern novel , the ancestors of the modern European novel include verse epics in the Romance language of southern France , especially those by Chrétien de Troyes ( late 12th century ) , and in Middle English ( Geoffrey Chaucer 's ( c. 1343 -- 1400 ) The Canterbury Tales ) . Even in the 19th century , fictional narratives in verse , such as Lord Byron 's Don Juan ( 1824 ) , Alexander Pushkin 's Yevgeniy Onegin ( 1833 ) , and Elizabeth Barrett Browning 's Aurora Leigh ( 1856 ) , competed with prose novels . Vikram Seth 's The Golden Gate ( 1986 ) , composed of 590 Onegin stanzas , is a more recent example of the verse novel .
The Happy Prince and Other Tales
`` `` Who hath dared to wound thee ? '' cried the Giant ; `` tell me , that I may take my big sword and slay him . '' `` Nay ! '' answered the child ; `` but these are the wounds of Love . '' `` Who are you ? '' said the Giant , and a strange awe fell on him , and he knelt before the little child . And the child smiled on the Giant , and said to him , `` You let Me play once in your garden , to - day you shall come with Me to My garden , which is Paradise . '' ''
Charlotte's Web
Written in White 's dry , low - key manner , Charlotte 's Web is considered a classic of children 's literature , enjoyable to adults as well as children . The description of the experience of swinging on a rope swing at the farm is an often cited example of rhythm in writing , as the pace of the sentences reflects the motion of the swing . In 2000 , Publishers Weekly listed the book as the best - selling children 's paperback of all time .
To Autumn
Early reviews of `` To Autumn '' focused on it as part of Keats 's collection of poems Lamia , Isabella , the Eve of St. Agnes , and Other Poems . An anonymous critic in the July 1820 Monthly Review claimed , `` this writer is very rich both in imagination and fancy ; and even a superabundance of the latter faculty is displayed in his lines ' On Autumn , ' which bring the reality of nature more before our eyes than almost any description that we remember . ( ... ) If we did not fear that , young as is Mr K. , his peculiarities are fixed beyond all the power of criticism to remove , we would exhort him to become somewhat less strikingly original , -- to be less fond of the folly of too new or too old phrases , -- and to believe that poetry does not consist in either the one or the other . '' Josiah Conder in the September 1820 Eclectic Review mentioned , `` One naturally turns first to the shorter pieces , in order to taste the flavour of the poetry . The following ode to Autumn is no unfavourable specimen . '' An anonymous reviewer in The Edinburgh Magazine for October 1820 added to a discussion of some of Keats 's longer poems the afterthought that `` The ode to ' Fancy , ' and the ode to ' Autumn , ' also have great merit . ''
Joy to the World
The words of the hymn are by English writer Isaac Watts , based on Psalm 98 , 96 : 11 - 12 and Genesis 3 : 17 - 18 , in the Bible . The song was first published in 1719 in Watts ' collection ; The Psalms of David : Imitated in the language of the New Testament , and applied to the Christian state and worship . The paraphrase is Watts ' Christological interpretation . Consequently , he does not emphasize with equal weight the various themes of Psalm 98 . In stanzas 1 and 2 Watts writes of heaven and earth rejoicing at the coming of the King . An interlude that depends more on Watts ' interpretation than the psalm text , stanza 3 speaks of Christ 's blessings extending victoriously over the realm of sin . The cheerful repetition of the non-psalm phrase `` far as the curse is found '' has caused this stanza to be omitted from some hymnals . But the line makes joyful sense when understood from the New Testament eyes through which Watts interprets the psalm . Stanza 4 celebrates Christ 's rule over the nations. `` . The nations are called to celebrate because God 's faithfulness to the house of Israel has brought salvation to the world .
Elf (Middle-earth)
By the late 19th century , the term ' fairy ' had been taken up as a utopian theme , and was used to critique social and religious values , a tradition which Tolkien along with T.H. White are seen to continue . One of the last of the Victorian Fairy - paintings , The Piper of Dreams by Estella Canziani , sold 250,000 copies and was well known within the trenches of World War I where Tolkien saw active service . Illustrated posters of Robert Louis Stevenson 's poem Land of Nod had been sent out by a philanthropist to brighten servicemen 's quarters , and Faery was used in other contexts as an image of `` Old England '' to inspire patriotism .
Land of Nod
The Land of Nod can refer to the mythical land of sleep , a pun on Land of Nod ( Gen. 4 : 16 ) . To `` go off to the land of Nod '' plays with the phrase to `` nod off '' , meaning to go to sleep . The first recorded use of the phrase to mean `` sleep '' comes from Jonathan Swift in his Complete Collection of Polite and Ingenious Conversation ( 1737 ) and Gulliver 's Travels . A later instance of this usage appears in the poem `` The Land of Nod '' by Robert Louis Stevenson from the A Child 's Garden of Verses ( 1885 ) collection .
Ring a Ring o' Roses
An early version of the rhyme occurs in a novel of 1855 , The Old Homestead by Ann S. Stephens :
Joy to the World
The text appears thus in The Psalms of David : imitated in the Language of the New Testament , and apply 'd to the Christian State and Worship ) ( London 1719 ) :
United Kingdom
Scotland 's contributions include the detective writer Arthur Conan Doyle ( the creator of Sherlock Holmes ) , romantic literature by Sir Walter Scott , the children 's writer J.M. Barrie , the epic adventures of Robert Louis Stevenson and the celebrated poet Robert Burns . More recently the modernist and nationalist Hugh MacDiarmid and Neil M. Gunn contributed to the Scottish Renaissance . A more grim outlook is found in Ian Rankin 's stories and the psychological horror - comedy of Iain Banks . Scotland 's capital , Edinburgh , was UNESCO 's first worldwide City of Literature .
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Mrs Barbauld once told me that she admired The Ancient Mariner very much , but that there were two faults in it -- it was improbable , and had no moral . As for the probability , I owned that that might admit some question ; but as to the want of a moral , I told her that in my own judgement the poem had too much ; and that the only , or chief fault , if I might say so , was the obtrusion of the moral sentiment so openly on the reader as a principle or cause of action in a work of such pure imagination . It ought to have had no more moral than the Arabian Nights ' tale of the merchant 's sitting down to eat dates by the side of a well , and throwing the shells aside , and lo ! a genie starts up , and says he must kill the aforesaid merchant , because one of the date shells had , it seems , put out the eye of the genie 's son .
Pulitzer Prize
Robert Frost , Poetry Eugene O'Neill , Drama Robert E. Sherwood , Drama ( 3 ) and Biography
One Thousand and One Nights
In 2008 a new English translation was published by Penguin Classics in three volumes . It is translated by Malcolm C. Lyons and Ursula Lyons with introduction and annotations by Robert Irwin . This is the first complete translation of the Macnaghten or Calcutta II edition ( Egyptian recension ) since Burton 's . It contains , in addition to the standard text of 1001 Nights , the so - called `` orphan stories '' of Aladdin and Ali Baba as well as an alternative ending to The seventh journey of Sindbad from Antoine Galland 's original French . As the translator himself notes in his preface to the three volumes , `` ( N ) o attempt has been made to superimpose on the translation changes that would be needed to ' rectify ' ... accretions , ... repetitions , non sequiturs and confusions that mark the present text , '' and the work is a `` representation of what is primarily oral literature , appealing to the ear rather than the eye '' . The Lyons translation includes all the poetry ( in plain prose paraphrase ) but does not attempt to reproduce in English the internal rhyming of some prose sections of the original Arabic . Moreover , it streamlines somewhat and has cuts . In this sense it is not , as claimed , a complete translation .
E. E. Cummings
Following his autobiographical novel , The Enormous Room , Cummings ' first published work was a collection of poems titled Tulips and Chimneys ( 1923 ) . This work was the public 's first encounter with his characteristic eccentric use of grammar and punctuation .
The Tell-Tale Heart
Poe was likely paid $10 for the story . Its original publication included an epigraph which quoted Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 's poem `` A Psalm of Life '' . The story was slightly revised when republished in the August 23 , 1845 , edition of the Broadway Journal . This edition omitted Longfellow 's poem because Poe believed it was plagiarized . `` The Tell - Tale Heart '' was reprinted several additional times during Poe 's lifetime .
The Happy Prince and Other Tales
The Selfish Giant owns a beautiful garden which has 12 peach trees and lovely fragrant flowers , in which children love to play after returning from the school . On the giant 's return from seven years visiting his friend the Cornish Ogre , he takes offence at the children and builds a wall to keep them out . He put a notice board `` TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED '' . The garden falls into perpetual winter . One day , the giant is awakened by a linnet , and discovers that spring has returned to the garden , as the children have found a way in through a gap in the wall . He sees the error of his ways , and resolves to destroy the wall . However , when he emerges from his castle , all the children run away except for one boy who was trying to climb a tree . The giant helps this boy into the tree and announces : `` It is your garden now , little children , '' and knocks down the wall . The children once more play in the garden , and spring returns . But the boy that the Giant helped does not return and the Giant is heartbroken . Many years later after happily playing with the children all the time , the Giant is old and feeble . One winter morning , he awakes to see the trees in one part of his garden in full blossom . He descends from the castle to discover the boy that he once helped lying beneath a beautiful white tree that the Giant has never seen before . The Giant sees that the boy bears the stigmata . He does not realise that the boy is actually the Christ Child and is furious that somebody has wounded him .
Waltzing Matilda
In a facsimile of the first part of the original manuscript , included in Singer of the Bush , a collection of Paterson 's works published by Lansdowne Press in 1983 , the first two verses appear as follows :
The Tyger
The Songs of Experience was published in 1794 as a follow up to Blake 's 1789 Songs of Innocence . The two books were published together under the merged title Songs of Innocence and of Experience , showing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul : the author and printer , W. Blake featuring 54 plates . The illustrations are arranged differently in some copies , while a number of poems were moved from Songs of Innocence to Songs of Experience . Blake continued to print the work throughout his life . Of the copies of the original collection , only 28 published during his life are known to exist , with an additional 16 published posthumously . Only 5 of the poems from Songs of Experience appeared individually before 1839 .
Ring a Ring o' Roses
`` Ring a Ring o ' Roses '' or `` Ring a Ring o ' Rosie '' is a nursery rhyme or folksong and playground singing game . It first appeared in print in 1881 , but it is reported that a version was already being sung to the current tune in the 1790s and similar rhymes are known from across Europe . It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7925 . Urban legend says the song originally described the plague , specifically the Great Plague of London , or the Black Death , but folklorists reject this idea .
To Autumn
`` To Autumn '' is a poem of three stanzas , each of eleven lines . Like others of Keats 's odes written in 1819 , the structure is that of an odal hymn , having three clearly defined sections corresponding to the Classical divisions of strophe , antistrophe , and epode . The stanzas differ from those of the other odes through use of eleven lines rather than ten , and have a couplet placed before the concluding line of each stanza .