vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Bald eagle
Mammalian prey includes rabbits , hares , ground squirrels , raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) , muskrats ( Ondatra zibethicus ) , beavers ( Castor canadensis ) , and deer fawns . Newborn , dead , sickly or already injured mammals are often targeted . However , more formidable prey such as adult raccoons and subadult beavers are sometimes attacked . In the Chesapeake Bay area , bald eagles are reportedly the main natural predators of raccoons . Where available , seal colonies can provide much food . On Protection Island , Washington , they commonly feed on harbor seal ( Phoca vitulina ) afterbirths , still - borns and sickly seal pups . On San Juan Island in Washington , introduced European rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) , mainly those killed by auto accidents , comprise nearly 60 % of the dietary intake of eagles . In landlocked areas of North America , wintering bald eagles may become habitual predators of medium - sized mammals that occur in colonies or local concentrations , such as prairie dogs ( Cynomys ) and jackrabbits ( Lepus ) . Together with the golden eagle , bald eagles are occasionally accused of preying on livestock , especially sheep ( Ovis aries ) . There are a handful of proven cases of lamb predation , some of specimens weighing up to 11 kg ( 24 lb ) , by bald eagles but they are much less likely to attack a healthy lamb than a golden eagle and both species prefer native , wild prey and are unlikely to cause any extensive detriment to human livelihoods . There is one case of a bald eagle killing and feeding on an adult , pregnant ewe ( then joined in eating the kill by at least 3 other eagles ) , which , weighing on average over 60 kg ( 130 lb ) , is much larger than any other known prey taken by this species .
Polygonum perfoliatum
In traditional Chinese medicine , Polygonum perfoliatum is known as gangbangui ( Chinese : 杠 板 归 ; pinyin : gāngbǎngūi ) , and is thought to be useful for its diuretic , anti-inflammatory , and other effects . It may also be eaten as a sour - flavored leaf vegetable , although it has a relatively high content of oxalic acid and can not be consumed frequently .
Oyster
Some kinds of oysters are commonly consumed by humans , cooked or raw , and are regarded as a delicacy . Some kinds of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle . Windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells , which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects .
Chow mein
Pastelarias and Asian restaurants serve it in the entire country . They generally are presented in chicken ( the most common ) , beef , shrimp and pork versions , with vegetarian and egg versions being much rarer . Brazilian yakisoba is typically served much more al dente than the Japanese , being also heavy in soy sauce , sesame oil , and vegetables , almost always including at least carrot , cabbage , onion and at least one dark green species ( usually other than kale , collard , spinach , chicory or mustard ) such as Chinese cabbage , and less often either bean sprouts , broccoli / broccolini , zucchini , shiitake , bell pepper and / or cucumber .
Caenorhabditis elegans
Invertebrates such as millipedes , insects , isopods , and gastropods can transport dauer larvae to various suitable locations . The larvae have also been seen to feed on their hosts when they die . Nematodes can survive desiccation , and in C. elegans , the mechanism for this capability has been demonstrated to be late embryogenesis abundant proteins . C. elegans , as other nematodes , can be eaten by predator nematodes and other omnivores , including some insects .
Jejunum
The interior surface of the jejunum -- which is exposed to ingested food -- is covered in finger - like projections of mucosa , called villi , which increase the surface area of tissue available to absorb nutrients from ingested foodstuffs . The epithelial cells which line these villi have microvilli . The transport of nutrients across epithelial cells through the jejunum and ileum includes the passive transport of sugar fructose and the active transport of amino acids , small peptides , vitamins , and most glucose . The villi in the jejunum are much longer than in the duodenum or ileum .
Mercury in fish
The consumption of fish is by far the most significant source of ingestion - related mercury exposure in humans and animals . Mercury and methyl mercury are present in only very small concentrations in seawater . However , they are absorbed , usually as methyl mercury , by algae at the start of the food chain . This algae is then eaten by fish and other organisms higher in the food chain . Fish efficiently absorb methyl mercury , but excrete it very slowly . Methyl mercury is not soluble and therefore not excreted . Instead , it accumulates , primarily in the viscera , although also in the muscle tissue . This results in the bioaccumulation of mercury , in a buildup in the adipose tissue of successive trophic levels : zooplankton , small nekton , larger fish , and so on . The older that such fish become , the more mercury they may have absorbed . Anything that eats these fish within the food chain also consumes the higher level of mercury that the fish have accumulated . This process explains why predatory fish such as swordfish and sharks or birds like osprey and eagles have higher concentrations of mercury in their tissue than could be accounted for by direct exposure alone . Species on the food chain can amass body concentrations of mercury up to ten times higher than the species they consume . This process is called biomagnification . For example , herring contains mercury levels at about 0.1 parts per million , while shark contains mercury levels greater than 1 part per million .
Centipede
Although unusual in most cultures as a food item , certain large - sized centipedes are consumed in China , usually skewered and grilled or deep fried . They are often seen in street vendor 's stalls in large cities , including Donghuamen and Wangfujing markets in Beijing .
History of wolves in Yellowstone
Wolf kills are scavenged by and thus feed a wide array of animals , including , but not limited to , ravens , wolverines , bald eagles , golden eagles , grizzly bears , black bears , jays , magpies , martens and coyotes .
Thar Desert
Tecomella undulata is mainly used as a source of timber . Its wood is strong , tough and durable . It takes a fine finish . Heartwood contains quinoid . The wood is excellent for firewood and charcoal . Cattle and goats eat leaves of the tree . Camels , goats and sheep consume flowers and pods .
Salicylic acid
Some results have been consistently reported . Meat , poultry , fish , eggs , oils , dairy products , sugar , cereals , and flour all have little to no salicylates . Measurable levels of salicylic acid have been found in fruits , vegetables , herbs , spices , nuts , and teas .
You can't have your cake and eat it
Korean : 두 마리 토끼 를 잡을 수 없다 -- You ca n't catch two rabbits ( at the same time ) . Malayalam : കക്ഷത്തിലുള്ളത് പോകാനും പാടില്ല ഉത്തരത്തിലുള്ളത് വേണം താനും ! -- You want both the one on the roof , and the one in your armpit . Nepali : दुवै हातमा लड्डु -- having laddu ( a sweet candy ) in both your hands . Norwegian : Man kan ikke få både i pose og sekk -- You ca n't get both in bag and sack . Papiamento : Skohe of lag'i skohe -- choose or let choose . Pashto : Dawara ghaaray ma wahaa ‎ -- You can not be on both sides . Persian : هم خدا را خواستن و هم خرما را ‎ -- wanting both God and the sugar - dates . Polish : Zjeść ciastko i mieć ciastko -- To eat the cookie and have the cookie . Portuguese : Querer ter sol na eira e chuva no nabal -- Wanting the sun to shine on the threshing floor , while it rains on the turnip field . Romanian : Nu poți împăca și capra și varza -- You ca n't reconcile the goat and the cabbage . Also , Și cu tigaia unsă și cu slănina în pod - To have the pan greased and the lard in the attic ( or the more vulgar version : Şi cu dânsa - ntr - însa , şi cu sufletu - n rai - To have ' it ' in ' it ' and the soul in heaven . ) Russian : И рыбку съесть , и в воду не лезть -- wanting to eat a fish without first catching it from the waters .
Excretion
In animals , the main excretory products are carbon dioxide , ammonia ( in ammoniotelics ) , urea ( in ureotelics ) , uric acid ( in uricotelics ) , guanine ( in Arachnida ) and creatine . The liver and kidneys clear many substances from the blood ( for example , in renal excretion ) , and the cleared substances are then excreted from the body in the urine and feces .
Food pyramid (nutrition)
MyPlate is the current nutrition guide published by the United States Department of Agriculture , depicting a place setting with a plate and glass divided into five food groups . It replaced the USDA 's MyPyramid guide on June 2 , 2011 , concluding 19 years of USDA food pyramid diagrams .
Chow mein
In Panama , chow mein is prepared with a mixture of shredded carrots and cabbage with pork or chicken and served over noodles . Another recipe includes canned corn .
Cross River gorilla
The Cross River gorilla usually lives in small groups of 4 - 7 individuals with a few males and a few female members . Their diet usually consists of fruit , but in fruit scarce months , ( August -- September , November -- January ) their diet is primarily made up of terrestrial herbs , and the bark and leaves of climber and trees . Many of the Cross River gorilla food sources are very seasonal and thus their diets are filled with very dense , nutritious vegetation that is usually found near their nesting sites . It was found that the Afi Mountain group of Cross River gorilla diet mostly consisted Aframomum spp . ( Zingiberaceae ) herbs , but when available in the wet season , they preferred to eat Amorphophallus difformis ( Araceae ) over the Aframomum , showing preference for certain foods that were seasonal and also an affinity to the vegetation that was only found in their habitat .
Black-eyed pea
Mature black - eyed peas cooked , no salt Nutritional value per 100 g ( 3.5 oz ) Energy 484 kJ ( 116 kcal ) Carbohydrates 20.76 g Sugars 3.3 g Dietary fiber 6.5 g Fat 0.53 g Protein 7.73 g Vitamins Thiamine ( B1 ) ( 18 % ) 0.202 mg Riboflavin ( B2 ) ( 5 % ) 0.055 mg Niacin ( B3 ) ( 3 % ) 0.495 mg Pantothenic acid ( B5 ) ( 8 % ) 0.411 mg Vitamin B6 ( 8 % ) 0.1 mg Folate ( B9 ) ( 52 % ) 208 μg Vitamin E ( 2 % ) 0.28 mg Vitamin K ( 2 % ) 1.7 μg Minerals Calcium ( 2 % ) 24 mg Iron ( 19 % ) 2.51 mg Magnesium ( 15 % ) 53 mg Manganese ( 23 % ) 0.475 mg Phosphorus ( 22 % ) 156 mg Potassium ( 6 % ) 278 mg Sodium ( 0 % ) 4 mg Zinc ( 14 % ) 1.29 mg Link to USDA Database entry Units μg = micrograms mg = milligrams IU = International units Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults . Source : USDA Nutrient Database
Brown bear
While they may eat almost all the parts of the fish , bears at the peak of spawning , when there is usually a glut of fish to feed on , may eat only the most nutritious parts of the salmon ( including the eggs and head ) and then indifferently leave the rest of the carcass to scavengers , which can include red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) , bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ) , common ravens ( Corvus corax ) and gulls . Despite their normally solitary habits , Brown bears will gather rather closely in numbers at good spawning sites . The largest and most powerful males claim the most fruitful fishing spots and bears ( especially males ) will sometimes fight over the rights to a prime fishing spot . Despite their aggressive defensive abilities , female brown bears usually select sub-optimal fishing spots to avoid male bears that could potentially threaten their cubs .
Brown bear
This species may eat birds and their eggs , including almost entirely ground - or rock - nesting species . Although not typically able to capture a healthy grown bird , eggs , nestlings and fledglings of large bird species can be very attractive to brown bears . Species attacked have ranged can be any size available from Aleutian terns ( Onychoprion aleuticus ) to trumpeter and whooper swans ( Cygnus buccinator & cygnus ) . Most recorded avian prey have consisted of geese and sea ducks nesting in the lower Arctic Circle , followed by coveys of galliforms , as these birds place their nests in shallow water and on the ground as well as raise their chicks in such areas , so are relatively more vulnerable . Large birds of prey including sea eagles , gyrfalcons ( Falco rusticolus ) and golden eagles ( Aquila chrysaetos ) are sometimes exploited as prey if nesting in rock formations accessible on foot and eagles and falcons may furiously dive at bears near their nests . Due to their inhabitance of cooler temperate areas , reptiles and amphibians are rarely a food source and have been verified as prey only in a few cases : frogs in the Italian Alps , rat snakes in Hokkaido , grass lizards in the Amur territory and tortoises in Greece .
Red fox
Red foxes are not readily prone to infestation with fleas . Species like Spilopsyllus cuniculi are probably only caught from the fox 's prey species , while others like Archaeopsylla erinacei are caught whilst travelling . Fleas that feed on red foxes include Pulex irritans , Ctenocephalides canis and Paraceras melis . Ticks such as Ixodes ricinus and I. hexagonus are not uncommon in foxes , and are typically found on nursing vixens and kits still in their earths . The louse Trichodectes vulpis specifically targets foxes , but is found infrequently . The mite Sarcoptes scabiei is the most important cause of mange in red foxes . It causes extensive hair loss , starting from the base of the tail and hindfeet , then the rump before moving on to the rest of the body . In the final stages of the condition , foxes can lose most of their fur , 50 % of their body weight and may gnaw at infected extremities . In the epizootic phase of the disease , it usually takes foxes four months to die after infection . Other endoparasites include Demodex folliculorum , Notoderes , Otodectes cynotis ( which is frequently found in the ear canal ) , Linguatula serrata ( which infects the nasal passages ) and ringworms .
Elk
The elk is a large animal of the ungulate order Artiodactyla , possessing an even number of toes on each foot , similar to those of camels , goats and cattle . It is a ruminant species , with a four - chambered stomach , and feeds on grasses , plants , leaves and bark . During the summer , elk eat almost constantly , consuming between 4 and 7 kilograms ( 8.8 and 15.4 lb ) of vegetation daily . In North America , males are called bulls , and females are called cows . In Asia , stag and hind , respectively , are sometimes used instead .
The Very Hungry Caterpillar
One morning , a caterpillar hatches from an egg . He is known as the Very Hungry Caterpillar , who loves eating , and so he begins to look for some food . He eats through increasing quantities of fruit on the following five days . First it 's one apple on Monday , then two pears on Tuesday , then three plums on Wednesday , then four strawberries on Thursday , and finally , five oranges on Friday . On Saturday , he eats an enormous amount of food . He eats through one piece of chocolate cake , one ice cream cone , one pickle , one slice of Swiss cheese , one slice of salami , one lollipop , one piece of cherry pie , one sausage , one cupcake , and one slice of watermelon . Then that night , he gets sick with a stomach ache from over overeating ( from all of those 6 days ; Monday through Saturday ) . But the next morning , it becomes Sunday again . The caterpillar becomes much better after he eats one green leaf . Finally , he 's not hungry anymore ( and not little anymore ) . He was a big fat caterpillar . The caterpillar spins a cocoon around himself . There , inside he sleeps in it for two weeks . Later , the caterpillar emerges as a handsome butterfly with large , gorgeous , multi-coloured wings .
Venezuela
Shortages occur in regulated products , such as milk , various types of meat , chicken , coffee , rice , oil , precooked flour , butter prices , luxuries such as breast implants , and goods including basic necessities like toilet paper , personal hygiene products , and even medicine . As a result of the shortages , Venezuelans must search for food , wait in lines for hours and sometimes settle without having certain products . Maduro 's government has blamed the shortages on `` bourgeois criminals '' hoarding goods .
Wetland
Amphibians such as frogs need both terrestrial and aquatic habitats in which to reproduce and feed . While tadpoles control algal populations , adult frogs forage on insects . Frogs are used as an indicator of ecosystem health due to their thin skin which absorbs both nutrient and toxins from the surrounding environment resulting in an above average extinction rate in unfavorable and polluted environmental conditions .
Avocado
In addition to the fruit , the leaves of Mexican avocados ( Persea americana var . drymifolia ) are used in some cuisines as a spice , with a flavor somewhat reminiscent of anise . They are sold both dried and fresh , toasted before use , and either crumbled or used whole , commonly in bean dishes . Leaves of P. americana , Guatemalan variety , are toxic to goats , sheep , and horses .
Polygonum perfoliatum
In 2004 the USDA approved the rearing and release of Rhinoncomimus latipes , a tiny stem - feeding weevil from China . In several Polygonum - infested release sites in New Jersey heavy defoliation of the targets occurred in the space of a few years post-release . The weevil has since been found feeding on Polygonum throughout the state , even at sites intended for new releases .
You can't have your cake and eat it
Also , Și cu tigaia unsă și cu slănina în pod - To have the pan greased and the lard in the attic ( or the more vulgar version : Şi cu dânsa - ntr - însa , şi cu sufletu - n rai - To have ' it ' in ' it ' and the soul in heaven . ) Russian : И рыбку съесть , и в воду не лезть -- wanting to eat a fish without first catching it from the waters . Serbian : Не можеш да имаш и јаре и паре -- You ca n't have both goatling and money , and Не можеш сести с једним дупетом на две столице -- You ca n't sit on two chairs with one butt . Spanish : Querer estar en misa y en procesión -- wishing to be both at mass and in the procession , and estar en misa y repicando ( or estar en misa y tocar la campana -- to be both at mass and in the belfry , bell - ringing . ) Argentina : la chancha y los veinte -- the pig and the twenties . ( Comes from the old piggybanks for children that used to contain coins of 20 cents . The only way to get the coins was to break the piggybank open -- hence the phrase . This can be emphasized by adding y la máquina de hacer chorizos -- and the machine to make sausage . ) Swedish : Att äta kakan och ha den kvar - To eat the cookie and still have it . Tamil : மீசைக்கும் ஆசை கூழுக்கும் ஆசை -- desire to have both the moustache and to drink the soup . Turkish : Hem karnım doysun hem pastam dursun . -- I want my tummy full and still have a cake . Vietnamese : Được cái này mất cái kia . -- You gain one thing but lose the other .
Mercury in fish
Fish that consume their prey in a certain manner may contain much higher concentrations of mercury than other species . Grass carp off the coast of China hold far less internal mercury than do bighead carp . The reason for this is that bighead carp are filter feeders , while grass carp are not . Thus , bighead carp gather more mercury by eating large amounts of small plankton , as well as sucking up sediments that collect a sizable amount of methyl mercury .
Moose
Moose also eat many aquatic plants , including lilies and pondweed . Moose are excellent swimmers and are known to wade into water to eat aquatic plants . This trait serves a second purpose in cooling down the moose on summer days and ridding itself of black flies . Moose are thus attracted to marshes and river banks during warmer months as both provide suitable vegetation to eat and water to wet themselves in . Moose have been known to dive underwater to reach plants on lake bottoms , and the complex snout may assist the moose in this type of feeding . Moose are the only deer that are capable of feeding underwater . As an adaptation for feeding on plants underwater , the nose is equipped with fatty pads and muscles that close the nostrils when exposed to water pressure , preventing water from entering the nose . Other species can pluck plants from the water too , but these need to raise their heads in order to swallow . This
Pharynx
Invertebrates also have a pharynx . Invertebrates with a pharynx include the tardigrades , annelids and arthropods , and the priapulids ( which have an eversible pharynx ) .
Spider
Juveniles of some spiders in the families Anyphaenidae , Corinnidae , Clubionidae , Thomisidae and Salticidae feed on plant nectar . Laboratory studies show that they do so deliberately and over extended periods , and periodically clean themselves while feeding . These spiders also prefer sugar solutions to plain water , which indicates that they are seeking nutrients . Since many spiders are nocturnal , the extent of nectar consumption by spiders may have been underestimated . Nectar contains amino acids , lipids , vitamins and minerals in addition to sugars , and studies have shown that other spider species live longer when nectar is available . Feeding on nectar avoids the risks of struggles with prey , and the costs of producing venom and digestive enzymes .
Zebra mussel
Zebra mussels are believed to be the source of deadly avian botulism poisoning that has killed tens of thousands of birds in the Great Lakes since the late 1990s . They are edible , however because they are so efficient at filtering water they tend to accumulate pollutants and toxins . For this reason most experts recommend against consuming zebra mussels .
Black-eyed pea
In Portugal , black - eyed peas are served with boiled cod and potatoes , with tuna , and in salads .
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Carina Garland notes how the world is `` expressed via representations of food and appetite '' , naming Alice 's frequent desire for consumption ( of both food and words ) her `` Curious Appetites '' . Often , the idea of eating coincides to make gruesome images . After the riddle `` Why is a raven like a writing - desk ? '' , the Hatter claims that Alice might as well say , `` I see what I eat ... I eat what I see '' and so the riddle 's solution , put forward by Boe Birns , could be that `` A raven eats worms ; a writing desk is worm - eaten '' ; this idea of food encapsulates the idea of life feeding on life , for the worm is being eaten and then becomes the eater -- a horrific image of mortality .
Black-eyed pea
In Vietnam , black - eyed peas are used in a sweet dessert called chè đậu trắng ( black - eyed peas and sticky rice with coconut milk ) .
Moth
Atlas moth ( Attacus atlas ) , the largest moth in the world White witch moth ( Thysania agrippina ) , the Lepidopteran with the longest wingspan Madagascan sunset moth ( Chrysiridia rhipheus ) , considered to be one of the most impressive and beautiful Lepidoptera Death 's - head hawkmoth ( Acherontia spp . ) , is associated with the supernatural and evil and has been featured in art and movies Peppered moth ( Biston betularia ) , the subject of a well - known study in natural selection Luna moth ( Actias luna ) Grease moth ( Aglossa cuprina ) , known to have fed on the rendered fat of humans Emperor gum moth ( Opodiphthera eucalypti ) Polyphemus moth ( Antheraea polyphemus ) Bogong moth ( Agrotis infusa ) , known to have been a food source for southeastern indigenous Australians Ornate moth ( Utetheisa ornatrix ) , the subject of numerous behavioral studies regarding sexual selection
Chick-fil-A
According to the Food and Drug Administration , antibiotics used in livestock , many of which are also used to treat humans , have contributed to the rise of dangerous bacteria . In December 2012 , the FDA announced plans to phase out certain antibiotics in the food production industry .