vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Tapioca balls
Phthalates is a chemical added to plastics used for the purpose of strengthening plastic 's flexibility , durability , longevity and transparency . In 2011 there was a discovery of phthalates inside sold Canadian beverages . It was surprisingly found in processed food items such as concentrated juice beverages , tea drinks , and other food supplements . This low cost substance had replaced regular food additives , which would normally be an emulsifier for the contents inside the drinks to generate a more attractive and natural appearance . Over-consumption of these harmful compounds can lead to very serious negative health effects such as endocrine disruption , malformation of reproductive organs , infertility and abnormal neurodevelopment . It is important to know that the maximum daily intake for this chemical is 0.05 mg / kg / day for a 70 kg body weight individual . Fortunately , the study has shown that some beverages contain insufficient amount of phthalates levels that will not exceed the daily limit . In high concentrations , it could modify the product 's appearance significantly as well .
Tequila
After harvesting , the piñas ( ˈpiɲas ) are transported to ovens where they are slowly baked to break down their complex fructans into simple fructoses . Then , the baked piñas are either shredded or mashed under a large stone wheel called a tahona ( taˈona ) . The pulp fiber , or bagazo ( baˈɣaso ) , left behind is often reused as compost or animal feed , but can even be burnt as fuel or processed into paper . Some producers like to add a small amount of bagazo back into their fermentation tanks for a stronger agave flavor in the final product .
American ginseng
Recent studies have shown that through the many cultivated procedures that American ginseng is grown , fungal molds , pesticides , and various metals and residues have contaminated the crop . Though these contaminating effects are not considerably substantial , they do pose health concerns that could lead to neurological problems , intoxication , cardiovascular disease and cancer .
Modern history
Industrialization is the process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one . It is a subdivision of a more general modernization process , where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation , particularly with the development of large - scale energy and metallurgy production . It is the extensive organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing . Industrialization also introduces a form of philosophical change , where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature . Revolution
Tequila
Volatile compounds that contribute to the overall taste and aroma of tequila can be quantitatively assessed and evaluated by gas chromatography . Discrimination tests such as duo - trio and triangle tests are also used to evaluate the quality of the tequila .
U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state
21 1972 : Lowered to 20 1984 : Raised to 21 21 District of Columbia ? 18 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor 18 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor 1986 : Raised to 21 with grandfather clause . 21 Florida ? 18 1972 : 19 1985 : Raised to 21 with grandfather clause 21 Georgia ? 21 1972 : Lowered to 18 1984 : Raised to 19 1985 : Raised to 20 1986 : Raised to 21 21 Hawaii ? 21 1972 : Lowered to 18 1986 : Raised to 21 21 Idaho ? 20 : for beer 21 : for wine and liquor 1972 : Lowered to 19 ( all ) 1987 : Raised to 21 in 1987 ( Apr 11 ) with grandfather clause 21 Illinois 1872 : Age of majority ( none with written consent of parent ) pre 1961 : Age of majority 1961 : Raised to 21 1973 : Lowered to 19 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor 1980 : Raised to 21 21 Indiana ? Post-1934 : 21 21 21 21 Iowa ? 21 1972 : Lowered to 19 in 1972 ( Jul 1 ) 1973 : Lowered to 18 in 1973 ( Jul 1 ) 1978 : Raised to 19 in 1978 ( Jul 1 ) 1986 : Raised to 21 in 1986 ( Jul 1 ) with grandfather clause . 21 Kansas ? 1949 : 18 : for beer and wine with less than 4 % ABV 21 : for liquor 18 : for beer and wine with less than 4 % ABV 21 : for beer and wine with 4 % ABV or more 21 : for liquor 1985 : Raised to 21 21 ( However , anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property ) Kentucky ? 1938 : 21 21 21 21 Louisiana ? As of 1948 : 18 18 1987 : Raised to 21 de jure in 1987 , but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole . 1995 : De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed . 1996 : In 1996 , briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision , raising to 21 three months later . Other exceptions still remain . 21 Maine ? 21 1969 : Lowered to 20 1972 : Lowered to 18 1977 : Raised to 20 1985 : Raised to 21 21 Maryland ?
Pub
In Scandinavia , especially Denmark , a number of pubs have opened which eschew `` theming '' , and which instead focus on the business of providing carefully conditioned beer , often independent of any particular brewery or chain , in an environment which would not be unfamiliar to a British pub - goer . Some import British cask ale , rather than beer in kegs , to provide the full British real ale experience to their customers . This newly established Danish interest in British cask beer and the British pub tradition is reflected by the fact that some 56 British cask beers were available at the 2008 European Beer Festival in Copenhagen , which was attended by more than 20,000 people .
Nutella
Nutella ( / nuːˈtɛlə / ; Italian pronunciation : ( nutˈɛlla ) ) is a brand of sweetened hazelnut cocoa spread manufactured by the Italian company Ferrero that was first introduced in 1965 , although its first iteration dates to 1963 .
Dutch elm disease
Independent of these programmes , clones from two UK elms , thought to be nearly 200 years old , that have so far survived in an area of high infectivity ( Essex ) are now available commercially . Mr Paul King of King & Co The Tree Nursery took and potted cuttings from these trees in 1990 , cultivated the cuttings by micropropagation . However it should be noted that these trees have not been scientifically tested for resistance to DED . King points to the research findings of R.H. Richens in his paper `` Essex Elms '' , which describes natural hybridisation of Ulmus species in the area and the resulting resistance to DED of some trees . Mr King does not claim that his trees are immune from DED , but the continuing survival of the original mature trees , of the first cuttings and of the micropropogated stock bodes well .
Tabla
The head of each drum has a central area of `` tuning paste '' called the syahi ( lit . `` ink '' ; a.k.a. shāī or gāb ) . This is constructed using multiple layers of a paste made from starch ( rice or wheat ) mixed with a black powder of various origins . The precise construction and shaping of this area is responsible for modification of the drum 's natural overtones , resulting in the clarity of pitch ( see inharmonicity ) and variety of tonal possibilities unique to this instrument which has a bell - like sound . The skill required for the proper construction of this area is highly refined and is the main differentiating factor in the quality of a particular instrument .
Maya textiles
Elite women were also given the opportunity to work with the most expensive feathers and pearl beads . However , women of the elite not only had to prepare the best clothing for their families , but they also had to be talented in weaving tapestry , brocade , embroidery , and tie - dyeing for tribute to other families and rulers . Weavers had three different natural dyes to work with . Women also worked with maguey . This fiber was , `` another commonly spun material , and depending on the species used and the number of production steps , it could produce either cluded human and animal hair ( rabbit and dog ) , feathers , and vegetable fibers such as milkweed and chichicastle , a fibrous nettle native to Southern México , also known as mala mujer . '' Maguey was of major value as a cordage material used for horse gear , nets , hammocks and bags .
Drink can
A drink can ( or beverage can ) is a metal container designed to hold a fixed portion of liquid such as carbonated soft drinks , alcoholic drinks , fruit juices , teas , herbal teas , energy drinks , etc . Drink cans are made of aluminium ( 75 % of worldwide production ) or tin - plated steel ( 25 % worldwide production ) . Worldwide production for all drink cans is approximately 370 billion cans per year worldwide .
Consumption of Tide Pods
Tide Pods are a line of laundry detergent pod from Procter & Gamble 's Tide brand , which has sold the pods since 2012 . Tide Pods could be deadly if ingested , and as a result , the Center for Disease Control and Prevention has labeled Tide Pods as a health risk . There have been numerous media reports discussing how children and those with dementia could endanger their health or life by eating the pods . Some victims have ingested the detergent pods after mistaking them for candy .
Curling
Ailsa Craig is the traditional source and produces two types of granite , Blue Hone and Ailsa Craig Common Green . Blue Hone has very low water absorption , which prevents the action of repeatedly freezing water from eroding the stone . Ailsa Craig Common Green is a lesser quality granite than Blue Hone . In the past , most curling stones were made from Blue Hone but the island is now a wildlife reserve and the quarry is restricted by environmental conditions that exclude blasting .
Alcohol laws of Kansas
Kansas had statewide prohibition from 1881 to 1948 , longer than any other state , and continued to prohibit general on - premises liquor sales until 1987 . Kansas 's strict and highly regulated approach to alcohol stems from lingering vestiges of its long era of prohibition . As of December 2012 , Kansas had 13 dry counties , where on - premises liquor sales are prohibited , but the sale of 3.2 % beer is permitted . As of April 2017 , Kansas still has not ratified the 21st Amendment , which ended nationwide prohibition in 1933 .
Child labour
H&M said it `` does not accept '' child labour and `` seeks to avoid '' using Uzbek cotton , but admitted it did `` not have any reliable methods '' to ensure Uzbek cotton did not end up in any of its products . Inditex , the owner of Zara , said its code of conduct banned child labour .
List of alcohol laws of the United States
) Yes No 21 No alcohol cap but ABV > 15.5 % requires additional license , so many places are beer / wine only . Wet / dry issues determined by city / county election . Liquor stores statewide closed all day Sunday . An alcoholic beverage served ( on - premises ) to a customer between 10 a.m. and noon on Sunday may only be provided during the service of food to the customer . Eleven Texas counties are completely dry . In many counties , public intoxication laws are vigorously upheld . Texas law permits consumption by minors ( any age under 21 ) if in the `` visible presence '' of a parent , guardian or adult spouse . ( Section 106.04 ) Possession by minors is permitted as part of employment or education , or in the visible presence of an adult parent , guardian or spouse , or supervision of a commissioned peace officer . ( Section 106.05 ) There are also exemptions for minors requesting or receiving medical attention . Utah Yes Restaurants : Noon to midnight for liquor , 10 : 00 a.m. to 1 : 00 a.m. for beer . Bars may serve liquor from 10 : 00 a.m. to 1 : 00 a.m. Varies by state liquor store hours 3.2 only No 21 ABV > 4.0 + % sold in state - controlled stores only . 3.2 % ABW ( 4.0 % ABV ) beer may be sold at grocery stores and convenience stores . State - controlled stores close on Sundays and cease operations no later than 10 p.m. the rest of the week . Restaurants must buy from the state - controlled store ( no delivery ) at retail prices . No alcohol is served in restaurants without purchase of food . Sales of kegs prohibited . Importation of alcohol into the state by private individuals generally prohibited . Vermont No Yes 8 a.m. -- 2 a.m. 6 a.m. -- midnight Yes No 21 ABV > 16 % beer and ABV > 16 % wine are only available through state liquor stores ( most of which are integrated within grocery and beverage stores ) . A 2008 bill allows the sale of beer in grocery and convenience stores up to ABV 16 % .
Bahamian cuisine
Alcoholic beverages include rum , which is sometimes infused with coconut . Rum is also used in mixed drinks such as rum punch . Sky juice is a drink consisting of coconut water blended with condensed milk and gin . The Yellow Bird ( cocktail ) , the Bahama Mama , the Goombay Smash , and Planter 's Punch are popular local drinks . Nassau Royale is a Bahamian liqueur and is used to make the C.C. Rider . The Bahamian Brewery makes beers including : Sands , Bush Crack , High Rock ( named for a geographic feature : High Rock ) and Strong Back . Kalik is a Bahamian beer .
Tea culture
Tea plays an important role in some countries . It is commonly consumed at social events , and many cultures have created intricate formal ceremonies for these events . Afternoon tea is a British custom with widespread appeal . Tea ceremonies , with their roots in the Chinese tea culture , differ among Asian countries , such as the Japanese or Korean versions . Tea may differ widely in preparation , such as in Tibet , where the beverage is commonly brewed with salt and butter . Tea may be drunk in small private gatherings ( tea parties ) or in public ( tea houses designed for social interaction ) .
Golf ball
Used or recycled balls with obvious surface deformation , abrasion or other degradation are known informally as `` shags '' , and while they remain useful for various forms of practice drills such as chipping , putting and driving , and can be used for casual play , players usually opt for used balls of higher quality , or for new balls , when playing in serious competition . Other grades are typically assigned letters or proprietary terms , and are typically differentiated by the cost and quality of the ball when new and the ability of the firm to restore the ball to `` like - new '' condition . The `` top grade '' balls are typically balls that are considered the current state of the art and , after cleaning and surfacing , are indistinguishable externally from a new ball sold by the manufacturer .
Legal drinking age
To be served alcoholic drinks in bars , discos , clubs , restaurants and any establishment serving alcoholic beverages one must be 18 years of age . By tradition , youths are privately allowed to drink alcohol after their confirmation . If a shop or bar fails to ask for an ID card and is identified having sold alcohol to an underage , it is subject to fine . A national ID card , obtained in the local town hall , can serve as age verification . This card is rarely used though since a passport or drivers license is more commonly used . Both the legal drinking and purchasing age in the Faroe Islands is 18 . Estonia 18 Finland 18 for possession and purchase of 1.2 -- 22 % ABV 20 for possession and purchase of 23 -- 80 % ABV 18 for all in bars , clubs and restaurants All major grocery chains have implemented a policy to ask for ID if the customer looks under 30 . Stores may refuse to sell alcohol if the customer is accompanied by a minor , or if proxy purchasing is suspected . Purchasing alcohol on behalf of a minor is a criminal offence . Police may search minors in public places and confiscate or destroy any alcoholic beverages in their possession . Incidents are reported to the legal guardian and social authorities , who may intervene with child welfare procedures . In addition , those aged 15 or above are subject to a fine . In private , offering alcohol to a minor is considered a criminal offence if it results in drunkenness and the act can be deemed reprehensible as a whole , considering the minor 's age , degree of maturity and other circumstances . France None 18 France has no explicitly stated consumption age , but selling alcohol to a minor ( under 18 ) is illegal and can be fined 7500 euros . This age was raised from 16 to 18 in 2009 . Georgia None 16 Germany None ( on private residence ) 16 ( in public ) ( 14 when accompanied by a custodial person ) for beer and wine 18 for spirits and aliments containing spirits above negligible amount 16 for beer and wine 18 for spirits and aliments containing spirits above negligible amounts See also : Alcohol laws in Germany Gibraltar None 16 / 18 It is illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to anyone under the age of 18 .
Buckfast Tonic Wine
In Scotland , Buckfast is recognised as the favoured drink of neds : young people who are associated with hooliganism , casual sports clothing and stupidity . Its ties to anti-social behaviour , especially with drinkers under 18 years old , have been attributed to its very high caffeine content : each 750 ml bottle contains the equivalent of eight cans of cola . It has been suggested that this may cause it to act as a stimulant at the same time as removing inhibitions , self - control and a feeling of having drunk enough , though research into similar drinks has failed to find clear evidence for the latter effect . A diet of four bottles a day has been described as ' not conducive to a long life ' in a Scottish court .
Argentine tango
A style of Carlitos Espinoza can be considered a modern development of tango milonguero . Tango
American ginseng
Like Panax ginseng , American ginseng contains dammarane - type ginsenosides , or saponins , as the major biologically active constituents . Dammarane - type ginsenosides include two classifications : 20 ( S ) - protopanaxadiol ( PPD ) and 20 ( S ) - protopanaxatriol ( PPT ) . American ginseng contains high levels of Rb1 , Rd ( PPD classification ) , and Re ( PPT classification ) ginsenosides -- higher than that of P. ginseng in one study .
Go-fast boat
During the era of Prohibition in the United States , these boats joined the ranks of `` rum - runners '' transferring illegal liquor from larger vessels waiting outside U.S. territorial waters to the mainland . The high speed of such craft enabled them to avoid interception by the Coast Guard . More recently the term `` cigarette boat '' has replaced the term `` rum - runner '' . The present era of cigarette boats , dating from the 1960s , owes much of their design to boats designed for offshore powerboat racing , particularly by designer and builder Donald Aronow . During this period , these boats were used by drug smugglers to transfer drugs across the Caribbean to the United States .
Cotton-Eyed Joe
The Country and Irish singer Lee Matthews released his version of the song with new added lyrics . The single on his own independent label topped the Irish Country Singles Download Chart in January 2015 .
U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state
1983 : Raised to 21 21 Oregon ? 1933 : 21 21 21 21 Pennsylvania ? 1935 : 21 21 21 21 Rhode Island ? 21 1970 : Lowered to 18 1980 : Raised to 19 1981 : Raised to 20 1984 : Raised to 21 21 South Carolina 21 1935 : 18 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor 18 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor 1984 : 19 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor 1986 : Raised to 21 21 South Dakota ? 1934 : 21 ( all ) 1939 : Lowered to 18 : for 3.2 % beer Raised to 19 : for 3.2 % beer 1972 : 18 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor 1984 : 19 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor 1988 : Raised to 21 21 Tennessee Pre 1881 : None 1881 : 21 21 1964 : Lowered to 18 1979 : Raised to 19 1984 : Raised to 21 21 Texas Pre 1909 : 21 None ( with written permission of parent or guardian ) Post 1909 : 21 21 1973 : Lowered to 18 1981 : Raised to 19 1986 : Raised to 21 in 1986 ( Sep 1 ) 21 Utah ? 1935 : 21 21 21 21 Vermont ? 21 1971 : Lowered to 18 1986 : Raised to 21 21 Virginia ? 21 1974 : Lowered to 18 : for beer and wine ( 21 : for liquor remained ) 1981 : Raised to 19 for off - premises consumption 1983 : Raised to 19 ( all beer ) 1985 : Raised to 21 21 Washington `` Age of majority '' since 1877 21 21 21 21 West Virginia ? 18 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor 1972 : Lowered to 18 ( all ) 1983 : Raised to 19 ( & 21 for non-residents ) 1986 : Raised to 21 21 Wisconsin 1839 -- 1866 : 18 : for wine and liquor None : for beer Post-1866 : 21 ( all ) 18 : for beer 21 : for wine and spirits 1957 : 21 : for residents of bordering states with age limit 21 . 1963 : Raised to 21 ( off - premises beer sales , remained 18 for on - premises ) . 1972 : Lowered to 18 ( all ) in 1972 ( Mar ) 1977 : Border state restriction lifted . 1984 : Raised to 19 1986 : Raised to 21 ( September 1 , 1986 ) 21 ( however anyone can drink when parents , spouses , teachers are present ) Wyoming ?
Ground tissue
Contrasting are hard fibers that are mostly found in monocots . Typical examples are the fiber of many grasses , agaves ( sisal : Agave sisalana ) , lilies ( Yucca or Phormium tenax ) , Musa textilis and others . Their cell walls contain , besides cellulose , a high proportion of lignin . The load - bearing capacity of Phormium tenax is as high as 20 -- 25 kg / mm2 , the same as that of good steel wire ( 25 kg / mm2 ) , but the fibre tears as soon as too great a strain is placed upon it , while the wire distorts and does not tear before a strain of 80 kg / mm2 . The thickening of a cell wall has been studied in Linum . Starting at the centre of the fiber , the thickening layers of the secondary wall are deposited one after the other . Growth at both tips of the cell leads to simultaneous elongation . During development the layers of secondary material seem like tubes , of which the outer one is always longer and older than the next . After completion of growth , the missing parts are supplemented , so that the wall is evenly thickened up to the tips of the fibers .
History of women in the United States
Women had charge of making do . They cut back on purchases , brought out old spinning wheels and enlarged their gardens with peas and peanuts to provide clothing and food . They used ersatz substitutes when possible , but there was no real coffee and it was hard to develop a taste for the okra or chicory substitutes used . The households were severely hurt by inflation in the cost of everyday items and the shortages of food , fodder for the animals , and medical supplies for the wounded . The Georgia legislature imposed cotton quotas , making it a crime to grow an excess . But food shortages only worsened , especially in the towns .
Modern history
In Britain 's `` imperial century '' , victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival , other than Russia in central Asia . Unchallenged at sea , Britain adopted the role of global policeman , a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica , and a foreign policy of `` splendid isolation '' . Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies , Britain 's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many nominally independent countries , such as China , Argentina and Siam , which has been generally characterized as `` informal empire '' . Of note during this time was the Anglo - Zulu War , which was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Empire .
Cigarette
520 555 Ashford Amber Leaf American Spirit Army Club Ardath Basic Bel Air Benson & Hedges Berkeley Camel Capri Chesterfield Davidoff Dunhill Djarum Doral du Maurier Eclipse Embassy Eve Export A Fatima Fortuna Gauloises Gold Flake Golden Virginia Gold Leaf Kyriazi Freres Kent Kool Lambert and Butler L&M Lark Lucky Strike Marlboro Max Mayfair Merit Mild Seven More Nat Sherman Natural American Spirit Newport Next Nil Old Gold Pall Mall Parliament Perilly 's Peter Stuyvesant Peter Jackson Philip Morris Pyramid Player 's Prince Raleigh Salem Sampoerna Seneca Senior Service Smokin Joes Sobranie Sovereign Sterling Surya Tareyton Vantage Viceroy Virginia Slims Woodbine Windsor Blue Winfield Winston
Alcohol laws of Australia
Western Australian alcohol laws only allow the following identification as legally accepted proof - of - age in licensed premises :