vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Of Course He's Dead
Prior to the finale , there was much speculation over whether former star Charlie Sheen would reprise his role as Charlie Harper . CBS had not announced who would guest star on the episode . At the Television Critics Association 's winter press tour on January 15 , 2015 , Chuck Lorre spoke about the show and had nothing but praise for Sheen , saying , `` It would be inappropriate to not acknowledge the extraordinary success we had with Charlie and how grateful I am , we all are , to his contributions . And there 's nothing but great feelings for the eight - and - a-half years we worked together . But how to wrap the show up , it 's tricky . It 's a tricky - it 's a sticky wicket . Because , in a way , the show morphed into something else entirely for the last four years , and it 's something we love , and we want to honor both . So , how to honor both has been the challenge of this finale . The other challenge is how to get people watching it without telling them what it is , '' he explained . He said he wanted the finale to honor both eras of the show , and that there were `` no wounds , '' following what happened with Sheen , saying `` What happened , happened . And I 'm grateful for the time we enjoyed working together and I 'm very grateful Ashton came along and kept the lights on . What do I got to complain about ? I 'm so blessed . '' When asked about the finale and the possibility of Sheen 's return , creator Chuck Lorre responded `` I think viewers will be very , very satisfied with the finale . That 's all I 'm going to say . '' Further teasing as to Sheen 's return was given with the reveal of the episode 's title , `` Of Course He 's Dead '' .
The Last Song (film)
Miley Cyrus as Veronica `` Ronnie '' L. Miller , an angry , rebellious 17 - year - old forced to spend a summer with her estranged father . She later falls in love with Will . Liam Hemsworth as Will Blakelee , a popular and skilled beach volleyball player , Will aspires to attend a top university and volunteers at the Georgia Aquarium . He is Ronnie 's love interest . Greg Kinnear as Steve Miller , Ronnie and Jonah 's father and former Juilliard School professor and concert pianist who moved to Georgia after his divorce . During the summer , Steve reconnects with Ronnie through their mutual love of music . With Jonah 's help , Steve also works to reconstruct the centerpiece of the local church , a stained glass window , after the original was destroyed in a fire . He later dies of cancer . Kelly Preston as Kim Miller , Ronnie and Jonah 's mother who raised her children in New York City after her divorce . Bobby Coleman as Jonah Miller , Ronnie 's younger brother sent along with his elder sister to Tybee Island . Nick Lashaway as Marcus , Blaze 's abusive boyfriend and the leader of a gang of thugs who hustle money from beach carnival crowds through spectacular fire juggling performances . Carly Chaikin as Blaze , a rebel who befriends Ronnie when she is sent to Georgia . Blaze betrays Ronnie when she frames Ronnie for shoplifting a watch , but they eventually became friends again . Adam Barnett as Teddy , a young thug adept at hacky sack and juggling , skills he uses as part of Marcus ' crew to hustle money . Nick Searcy as Tom Blakelee , Will 's father . Melissa Ordway as Ashley , Will 's snobby ex-girlfriend . Carrie Malabre as Cassie , Ashley 's best friend who aids Ashley in antagonizing Ronnie . Rhoda Griffis as a Doctor Lance E. Nichols as Pastor Charlie Harris , the kind , devout Pastor of the local church . He was Steve 's first piano teacher , parental figure , and best friend while Steve was growing up . Hallock Beals as Scott , Will 's best friend who ends up creating trouble between Will and Ronnie . Stephanie Leigh Schlund as Megan Blakelee , Will 's elder sister who is engaged to be married .
Derek Shepherd
Victor Balta of Today listed Shepherd and Sloan 's friendship in its `` TV 's best bromances '' . He called them `` the most exciting couple on Grey 's , '' explaining `` they 've demonstrated an easy chemistry that makes for some of the great comic relief around Seattle Grace Hospital with their banter , sage wisdom on each other 's lives , and locker room - style teasing . '' Their bromance was furthermore included in lists by About.com , BuddyTV , Cosmopolitan , Wetpaint . However , following the announcement of Dane 's upcoming departure from the show , Mark Perigard of the Boston Herald felt he and Derek `` never clicked like you 'd expect friends would . Any scene they had together ranged from uncomfortable to forced . ''
List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters
In season 8 , Trevor maintains firm boundaries with Ian , but it is obvious to everyone that a spark is still there . Ian , trying to work his way back into Trevor 's good graces , spends much of his own time and money at the LGBTQ+ center . Trevor begins to warm back up to Ian , and the two settle into a friendship , albeit one with lots of flirting . Trevor nearly ends things again when one of his kids loses a place in a shelter because Ian thoughtlessly helped her , but Ian responds by helping Trevor try and open a new shelter in an abandoned church . The added time together eventually leads to them again giving in to their simmering attraction .
Last Forever
The scene involving Ted 's future children ( Lyndsy Fonseca and David Henrie ) was secretly shot in 2006 during the production of Season 2 . This was primarily done so the teenage characters would not age , since Fonseca and Henrie were adults by the time the final episode aired . The scene was filmed on a set closed to everyone except Bays , Thomas , executive producer / director Pamela Fryman , a camera operator , and Fonseca and Henrie , who signed non-disclosure agreements . Fonseca stated that she had forgotten the details of the scene in the years since its filming , while Henrie said , `` I do remember . I think I remember . We 'll see . '' Josh Radnor was also told some parts of the finale from the start , but neither he nor the rest of the cast were informed how the series would end . Radnor , not Bob Saget , plays future Ted when he appears on camera . When asked whether he should have played the role , Saget said that Radnor doing so `` felt appropriate to me . It 's not The Matrix , it 's where Ted CGI 's into a narrator of his voice that was done as a sweet way to tell his story from almost his conscience from the future of his own life '' .
Law firm
Law firm salary structures typically depend on firm size . Small - firm salaries vary widely within countries and from one country to the next , and are not often publicly available . Because most countries do not have unified legal professions , there are often significant disparities in income among the various legal professions within a particular country . Finally , the availability of salary data also depends upon the existence of journalists and sociologists able to collect and analyze such data . The Association of Legal Administrators ( ALA ) produces an annual study on Law Firm Compensation and Benefits , and can be found at http://alanet.org/compsurvey
United Nations
The UN obey the Noblemaire principle , which is binding on any organization that belongs to the UN system . This principle calls for salaries that will draw and keep citizens of countries where salaries are highest , and also calls for equal pay for work of equal value independent of the employee 's nationality . In practice , the ICSC takes reference to the highest - paying national civil service . Staff salaries are subject to an internal tax that is administered by the UN organizations .
Executive compensation
Although executive compensation in the UK is said to be `` dwarfed '' by that of corporate America , it has caused public upset . In response to criticism of high levels of executive pay , the Compass organisation set up the High Pay Commission . Its 2011 report described the pay of executives as `` corrosive '' .
Law firm
Partner compensation methods vary greatly among law firms . At major United States law firms , the `` compensation spread '' ( ratio between the highest partner salary and lowest partner salary ) among firms disclosing information ranges from 3 : 1 to 24 : 1 . Higher spreads are intended to promote individual performance , while lower spreads are intended to promote teamwork and collegiality .
Executive compensation
The three decades starting with the 1980s saw a dramatic rise in executive pay relative to that of an average worker 's wage in the United States , and to a lesser extent in a number of other countries . Observers differ as to whether this rise is a natural and beneficial result of competition for scarce business talent that can add greatly to stockholder value in large companies , or a socially harmful phenomenon brought about by social and political changes that have given executives greater control over their own pay . Recent studies have indicated that executive compensation should be better aligned with social goals ( e.g. public health goals ) . Executive pay is an important part of corporate governance , and is often determined by a company 's board of directors .
Medicare Advantage
Part C sponsors annually submit bids that allow them to participate in the program . All bids that meet the necessary requirements are accepted . The bids are compared to the pre-determined benchmark amounts set , which are the maximum amount Medicare will pay a plan in a given county , by law . If a plan 's bid is higher than the benchmark , enrollees pay the difference between the benchmark and the bid in the form of a monthly premium , in addition to the Medicare Part B premium . ( Because of the county - specific nature of the framework and the bidding process leading to these differences , the same sponsor might offer the same benefits under the same brandname in adjacent counties at different prices . ) If the bid is lower than the benchmark , the plan and Medicare share the difference between the bid and the benchmark ; the plan 's share of this amount is known as a `` rebate , '' which must be used by the plan 's sponsor to provide additional benefits or reduced costs to enrollees . A rebate can not contribute to `` profit '' ( `` profit '' is in quotes because most Medicare Advantage plans are administered by non-profit organizations , primarily integrated health delivery systems ) .
Income inequality in the United States
Tax expenditures ( i.e. , exclusions , deductions , preferential tax rates , and tax credits ) cause revenues to be much lower than they would otherwise be for any given tax rate structure . The benefits from tax expenditures , such as income exclusions for healthcare insurance premiums paid for by employers and tax deductions for mortgage interest , are distributed unevenly across the income spectrum . They are often what the Congress offers to special interests in exchange for their support . According to a report from the CBO that analyzed the 2013 data :
Freedmen's Bureau
In North Carolina , the bureau employed : 9 contract surgeons , at $100 per month ; 26 hospital attendants , at average pay each per month $11.25 ; 18 civilian employees , clerks , agents , etc. , at an average pay per month of $17.20 ; 4 laborers , at an average pay per month of $11.90 ; enlisted men are detailed as orderlies , guards , etc. , by commanding officers of the different military posts where officers of the Bureau are serving .
Law firm
The traditional salary model for law firm associates is lockstep compensation , in which associate salaries go up by a fixed amount each year from the associate 's law school graduation . However , many firms have switched to a level - based compensation system , in which associates are divided into three ( or sometimes four ) levels based on skills mastered . In 2013 , the median salaries for the three associate levels were $152,500 , $185,000 and $216,000 among large firms ( more than 700 lawyers ) , and $122,000 , $143,500 and $160,000 among all firms .
Social class in the United States
`` Top executives are among the highest paid workers in the United States economy . However , salary levels vary substantially depending on the level of managerial responsibility ; length of service ; and type , size , and location of the firm . For example , a top manager in a very large corporation can earn significantly more than a counterpart in a small firm . Median annual earnings of general and operations managers in May 2004 were $77,420 . The middle 50 % earned between $52,420 and $118,310 . Because the specific responsibilities of general and operations managers vary significantly within industries , earnings also tend to vary considerably ... the median annual earnings of chief executives in May 2004 were $140,350 ; although chief executives in some industries earned considerably more ... the median income of chief executive officers in the nonprofit sector was $88,006 in 2005 , but some of the highest chief executives made more than $700,000 . '' -- United States Department of Labor ,
Medicare Advantage
CMS and MedPAC now believe the `` like beneficiary '' calculations ( those on A / B vs those on A / B / C ) that have been used for a decade and that underlay many changes made by PPACA and subsequent regulations are not comparative and are misleading ( see slide 8 of the January 12 , 2017 MedPAC session on Medicare Advantage and other discussions on this subject since that time ) . That is because the calculations include the increasing number of people only on Part A ( primarily because they did not `` retire '' at 65 given the higher Social Security full retirement age but did join Medicare Part A at 65 as recommended ) whereas a `` like '' Medicare Part C beneficiary has to be on both Parts A and Part B. On an absolute basis , in 2015 Medicare spent 4 % less on Medicare Advantage and other Part C beneficiaries per person than they did per person on Medicare beneficiaries under FFS Medicare . In 2014 the difference in parity on an absolute basis was 2 % less per person on Part C. It appears from both points of view -- per `` like beneficiary '' and absolutely -- that the latest formula delivers the original cost - saving promise of Managed Medicare . But an absolute comparison is not totally accurate either .
Medicare (United States)
Part A -- For each benefit period , a beneficiary pays an annually adjusted :
Executive compensation
Since the early 2000s , companies in Asia are following the U.S. model in compensating top executives , with bigger paychecks plus bonuses and stock options . However , with a great diversity in stages of development in listing rules , disclosure requirements and quality of talent , the level and structure of executive pay is still very different across Asia countries . Disclosures on top executive pay is less transparent compared to that in the United Kingdom . Singapore and Hong Kong stock exchange rules are the most comprehensive , closely followed by Japan 's , which has stepped up its requirements since 2010 .
State Board of Equalization (California)
By 2017 , the Board had expanded to collecting $60 billion a year . It collected sales and use taxes , hazardous waste fees , jet fuel taxes , marijuana taxes , and over 30 additional taxes . That year , the Board had 4,700 employees and a $617 million annual budget . Board members are paid a $137,000 annual salary and are each allowed to hire a 12 member staff . Each year , the Board spends at least $3 million on education events where elected members appear before their constituents .
Political party
In some parties , such as the post-communist parties of France and Italy or the Sinn Féin party and the Socialist Party , elected representatives ( i.e. incumbents ) take only the average industrial wage from their salary as a representative , while the rest goes into party coffers . Although these examples may be rare nowadays , `` rent - seeking '' continues to be a feature of many political parties around the world .
American Revolutionary War
Parliament suffered chronic difficulties in obtaining sufficient manpower , and found it impossible to fill the quotas they had set . The Army was a deeply unpopular profession , one contentious issue being pay . A Private infantryman was paid a wage of just 8 d. per day , the same pay as for a New Model Army infantryman , 130 years earlier . The rate of pay in the army was insufficient to meet the rising costs of living , turning off potential recruits , as service was nominally for life .
Income inequality in the United States
Amalgamated Transit Union international president Lawrence J. Hanley has called for a maximum wage law , which `` would limit the amount of compensation an employer could receive to a specified multiple of the wage earned by his or her lowest paid employees . '' CEO pay at the largest 350 U.S. companies was 20 times the average worker pay in 1965 ; 58 times in 1989 and 273 times in 2012 .
Executive compensation
In December 2011 / January 2012 two of the country 's biggest investors , Fidelity Worldwide Investment , and the Association of British Insurers , called for greater shareholder control over executive pay packages . Dominic Rossi of Fidelity Worldwide Investment stated , `` Inappropriate levels of executive reward have destroyed public trust and led to a situation where all directors are perceived to be overpaid . The simple truth is that remuneration schemes have become too complex and , in some cases , too generous and out of line with the interests of investors . '' Two sources of public anger were Barclays , where senior executives were promised million - pound pay packages despite a 30 % drop in share price ; and Royal Bank of Scotland where the head of investment banking was set to earn a `` large sum '' after thousands of employees were made redundant .
Human rights in the Philippines
Minimum Wage Remunerations or earnings paid by an employer to an employee for service rendered are called wages . Article 99 of the Labor Code of the Philippines stipulates that an employer may go over but never below minimum wage . Paying below the minimum wage is illegal . The Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards is the body that sets the amount for the minimum wage . As in the case of the Philippines , the minimum wage of a worker depends on where he works . Thirteenth Month Pay According to Presidential Decree No. 851 , an employer is mandated by law to give his employees thirteenth month pay . The thirteenth month pay required by law should not be less than one twelfth of the total basic salary earned by an employee within a calendar year . The thirteenth month pay is exempted from being taxed by the government . The photo below is from the Department of Labor and Employment which shows the computation of a hypothetical thirteenth month pay . Retirement Pay Article 287 of the Philippine Labor Code states that , the retiring age of an employee is sixty ( 60 ) years or more but not beyond sixty - five ( 65 ) years . The retiring employee who has served at least five ( 5 ) years in the said establishment shall be entitled to retirement pay equivalent to at least one - half ( 1 / 2 ) month salary for every year of service , a fraction of at least six months being considered as one whole year . `` The term ' one - half month salary ' shall mean fifteen ( 15 ) days plus one twelfth ( 1 / 12 ) of the thirteenth month pay and the cash equivalent of not more than five ( 5 ) days of service incentive leaves . '' Hours
Executive compensation
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) has asked publicly traded companies to disclose more information explaining how their executives ' compensation amounts are determined . The SEC has also posted compensation amounts on its website to make it easier for investors to compare compensation amounts paid by different companies . It is interesting to juxtapose SEC regulations related to executive compensation with Congressional efforts to address such compensation .
Labour in India
The Payment of Wages Act regulates by when wages shall be distributed to employees by the employers . The law also provides the tax withholdings the employer must deduct and pay to the central or state government before distributing the wages .
Freedmen's Bureau
In South Carolina , the bureau employed , nine clerks , at average pay each per month $108.33 , one rental agent , at monthly pay of $75.00 , one clerk , at monthly pay of $50.00 , one storekeeper , at monthly pay of $85.00 , one counselor , at monthly pay of $125.00 , one superintendent of education , at monthly pay of $150.00 , one printer , at monthly pay of $100.00 , one contract surgeon , at monthly pay of $100.00 , twenty - five laborers , at average pay per month $19.20 .
United States Congress
Members elected since 1984 are covered by the Federal Employees Retirement System ( FERS ) . Like other federal employees , congressional retirement is funded through taxes and participants ' contributions . Members of Congress under FERS contribute 1.3 % of their salary into the FERS retirement plan and pay 6.2 % of their salary in Social Security taxes . And like Federal employees , members contribute one - third of the cost of health insurance with the government covering the other two - thirds .
Executive compensation
Defenders of high executive pay say that the global war for talent and the rise of private equity firms can explain much of the increase in executive pay . For example , while in conservative Japan a senior executive has few alternatives to his current employer , in the United States it is acceptable and even admirable for a senior executive to jump to a competitor , to a private equity firm , or to a private equity portfolio company . Portfolio company executives take a pay cut but are routinely granted stock options for ownership of ten percent of the portfolio company , contingent on a successful tenure . Rather than signaling a conspiracy , defenders argue , the increase in executive pay is a mere byproduct of supply and demand for executive talent . However , U.S. executives make substantially more than their European and Asian counterparts .
Standard of living in China
Income differences in China since the 1950s have been much smaller than in most other countries . There was never any attempt , however , at complete equalization , and a wide range of income levels remained . Income differences grew even wider in the 1980s as the economic reform policies opened up new income opportunities . More than two - thirds of all urban workers were employed in state - owned units , which used an eight - grade wage system . The pay for each grade differed from one industry to another , but generally workers in the most senior grades earned about three times as much as beginning workers , senior managers could earn half again as much as senior workers , and engineers could earn twice as much as senior workers . In 1985 the average annual income of people employed in state - owned units was ¥ 1,213 . An important component of workers ' pay was made up of bonuses and subsidies . In 1985 bonuses contributed 13 percent of the incomes of workers in state - owned units ; subsidies for transportation , food , and clothing added another 15 percent . One of the most important subsidies - one that did not appear in the income figures - was for housing , nearly all of which was owned and allocated by the work unit and rented to unit members at prices well below real value . In 1985 urban consumers spent just over 1 percent of their incomes on housing .