vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
History of the Miami Marlins
The Marlins ' first manager was Rene Lachemann , a former catcher who had previously managed the Seattle Mariners and Milwaukee Brewers , and who at the time of his hiring was a third base coach for the Oakland Athletics . The team drafted its initial lineup of players in the 1992 MLB Expansion Draft . The Marlins defeated the Houston Astros 12 -- 8 in their inaugural Spring training game . Jeff Conine hit Florida 's first homer before a crowd of 6,696 at the Cocoa Expo Sports Complex . The Marlins won their first game on April 5 , 1993 , against the Dodgers . Charlie Hough was the starting pitcher for that game . Jeff Conine went 4 - 4 as well , making him an immediate crowd favorite . By the end of his tenure with Florida , he would earn the nickname `` Mr. Marlin . '' Gary Sheffield and Bryan Harvey represented the Marlins as the club 's first All - Star Game selections , and Sheffield homered in the Marlins first All - Star Game at - bat . The team finished the year five games ahead of the last - place New York Mets and with an attendance of 3,064,847 . In that season , the Marlins traded their young set - up reliever Trevor Hoffman and two minor - league prospects to the San Diego Padres for third baseman Gary Sheffield . While Sheffield helped Florida immediately and became an all - star , Hoffman eventually emerged as the best closer in the National League . After the 1993 season , Donald A. Smiley was named the second President in club history . The Marlins finished last ( 51 -- 64 ) in their division in the strike - shortened season of 1994 and fourth ( 67 - 76 ) in 1995 . Lachemann was replaced as manager midway through the 1996 season by director of player development John Boles .
List of English football champions
Following the legalisation of professional football by the Football Association in 1885 , the English Football League was established in 1888 , after a series of meetings initiated by Aston Villa director William McGregor . At the end of the 1888 -- 89 season , Preston North End were the first club to be crowned champions after completing their fixtures unbeaten .
Congressional Baseball Game
The Congressional Baseball Game for Charity is an annual baseball game played each summer by members of the United States Congress . The game began as a casual event among colleagues in 1909 and eventually evolved into one of Washington , D.C. 's most anticipated annual pastimes , according to the House of Representatives Office of the Historian . In the game , Republicans and Democrats form separate teams and play against each other .
No-hitter
The Houston Astros ' Mike Scott no - hit the San Francisco Giants on September 25 , 1986 , a victory that also clinched the National League West title for the Astros ; this is the only such occurrence in Major League history to date . In the first game of a doubleheader on September 28 , 1951 , Allie Reynolds of the New York Yankees pitched a no - hitter against the Boston Red Sox which clinched a tie for the American League pennant ( the pennant was clinched outright in the doubleheader 's second game ) .
Minnesota Twins
The team started the 2012 season with a league worst 10 - 24 record . In late May and early June , the team embarked on a hot streak , winning ten out of thirteen games . By mid July , the team found themselves only 10 games out of the division lead . On July 16 , the Twins defeated the Baltimore Orioles 19 - 7 , the most runs scored in the short history of Target Field . By the end of August , the Twins were more than 20 games below . 500 , and last in the American League . On August 29 , it was announced that the Twins would host the 2014 All - Star Game . In 2013 , the Twins finished in 4th place in the AL Central , with a record of 66 - 96 . In 2014 , the team finished with a 70 - 92 record , last in the division and accumulated the second fewest wins in the American League . As a result , Ron Gardenhire was fired on September 29 , 2014 . On November 3 , 2014 Paul Molitor was announced by the team as the 13th manager in Twins history .
Chronology of Stanley Cup engravings
The NHA dissolved in 1917 , and the National Hockey League ( NHL ) took its place . Then after the Western Canada Hockey League ( WCHL ) was born in 1921 , it was agreed that all three league champions would play for the Cup . The PCHA and the WCHL later merged to form the Western Hockey League ( WHL ) in 1924 .
Stanley Cup
Finally in 1947 , the NHL reached an agreement with trustees P.D. Ross and Cooper Smeaton to grant control of the Cup to the NHL , allowing the league to reject challenges from other leagues that may have wished to play for the Cup :
Jai alai
The first jai alai fronton in the United States was located in St. Louis , Missouri , operating around the time of the 1904 World 's Fair . The first fronton in Florida opened at the site of Hialeah Race Course near Miami ( 1924 ) . The fronton was relocated to its present site in Miami near Miami International Airport . Year - round jai alai operations include Miami Jai - Alai Fronton ( the biggest in the world with a record audience of 15,502 people on 27 December 1975 ) and Dania Jai Alai . Seasonal facilities are Fort Pierce Jai Alai , Ocala Jai Alai and Hamilton Jai Alai . The Tampa Jai Alai operated for many years before closing in the late 1990s . Inactive jai alai permits are located in Tampa , Daytona Beach , West Palm Beach , and Quincy . One Florida fronton , in Melbourne , was converted from jai alai to greyhound racing .
History of the Cleveland Browns
In 1944 Arch Ward , the influential sports editor of the Chicago Tribune , proposed a new professional football league called the All - America Football Conference . The AAFC was to challenge the dominant National Football League once it began operations at the end of World War II , which had forced many professional teams to curtail activity , merge or go on hiatus as their players served in the U.S. military . It was a bold proposition , given the failure of three previous NFL competitors and the dominance of college football , which was more popular than the professional game at the time . Ward , who had gained fame and respect for starting all - star games for baseball and college football , lined up deep - pocketed owners for the new league 's eight teams in hopes of giving it a better chance against the NFL . One of them was Arthur B. `` Mickey '' McBride , a Cleveland businessman who grew up in Chicago and knew Ward from his involvement in the newspaper business . McBride spent his early career as a circulation manager for the Cleveland News , and went into business for himself in the 1930s , buying a pair of Cleveland taxi companies and running a wire service that supplied bookies with information about the results of horse races . He had connections to organized crime in Chicago and Cleveland arising from the wire service .
Wembley Stadium
The first FA Cup Final at the new Wembley ( between Manchester United and Chelsea ) was on 19 May 2007 . Chelsea won 1 -- 0 with a goal by Didier Drogba , making him the first player to score in the FA Cup final at the new Wembley . Chelsea goalkeeper Petr Čech also became the first goalkeeper not to concede a goal in a competitive game at Wembley . Chelsea were the last winners of the cup final at the old Wembley and the first winners at the new . Wembley
Football
Modern North American football grew out of a match between McGill University of Montreal , and Harvard University in 1874 . During the game , the two teams alternated between the rugby - based rules used by McGill and the Boston Game rules used by Harvard . Within a few years , Harvard had both adopted McGill 's rules and had persuaded other U.S. university teams to do the same . On November 23 , 1876 , representatives from Harvard , Yale , Princeton , and Columbia met at the Massasoit Convention in Springfield , Massachusetts , agreeing to adopt most of the Rugby Football Union rules , with some variations . Rutgers
UEFA Champions League
If clubs play a match in a country where the relevant sponsorship category is restricted ( such as France 's alcohol advertising restriction ) , then they must remove that logo from their jerseys . For example , when Rangers played French sides Auxerre and Strasbourg in the 1996 -- 97 Champions League and the UEFA Cup , respectively , Rangers players wore the logo of Center Parcs instead of McEwan 's Lager ( both companies at the time were subsidiaries of Scottish & Newcastle ) .
Seattle Seahawks
In 2002 , the Seahawks began playing at what is now CenturyLink Field . Every regular season and playoff game at CenturyLink Field since the 2nd week of the 2003 season has been played before a sellout crowd . Like the Kingdome before it , CenturyLink Field is one of the loudest stadiums in the league . The stadium 's partial roof and seating decks trap and amplify the noise and reflect it back down to the field . This noise has caused problems for opposing teams , causing them to commit numerous false - start penalties . From 2002 through 2012 , there have been 143 false - start penalties on visiting teams in Seattle , second only to the Minnesota Vikings .
Seventh-inning stretch
In modern baseball , standing up and singing `` Take Me Out to the Ball Game '' during the seventh - inning stretch is a popular tradition . It was first played at a ballpark at a high school in Los Angeles , California in 1934 . The lyrics for the 1908 Tin Pan Alley standard were written by vaudeville star Jack Norworth ( 1879 -- 1959 ) , who had ironically never attended an actual baseball game prior to writing the song , and only attended his first Major League game in 1940 .
Houston Astros
The Colt . 45s started their inaugural season on April 10 , 1962 , against the Chicago Cubs with Harry Craft as the Colt . 45s ' manager . Bob Aspromonte scored the first run for the Colt . 45s on an Al Spangler triple in the first inning . They started the season with a three - game sweep of the Cubs but eventually finished eighth among the National League 's ten teams . The team 's best pitcher , Richard `` Turk '' Farrell , lost 20 games despite an ERA of 3.02 . A starter for the Colt . 45s , Farrell was primarily a relief pitcher prior to playing for Houston . He was selected to both All - Star Games in 1962 .
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
The draw for the first round was held on 25 July 2015 , at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna , Saint Petersburg , Russia .
United States presidential inauguration
The first Inaugural Ball was held on the night of James Madison 's first inauguration in 1809 . Tickets were $4 and it took place at Long 's Hotel .
Winter Olympic Games
In 1967 the IOC began enacting drug testing protocols . They started by randomly testing athletes at the 1968 Winter Olympics . The first Winter Games athlete to test positive for a banned substance was Alois Schloder , a West German hockey player , but his team was still allowed to compete . During the 1970s testing outside of competition was escalated because it was found to deter athletes from using performance - enhancing drugs . The problem with testing during this time was a lack of standardisation of the test procedures , which undermined the credibility of the tests . It was not until the late 1980s that international sporting federations began to coordinate efforts to standardise the drug - testing protocols . The IOC took the lead in the fight against steroids when it established the independent World Anti-Doping Agency ( WADA ) in November 1999 .
UEFA Champions League
The first pan-European tournament was the Challenge Cup , a competition between clubs in the Austro - Hungarian Empire . The Mitropa Cup , a competition modelled after the Challenge Cup , was created in 1927 , an idea of Austrian Hugo Meisl , and played between Central European clubs . In 1930 , the Coupe des Nations ( French : Nations Cup ) , the first attempt to create a cup for national champion clubs of Europe , was played and organised by Swiss club Servette . Held in Geneva , it brought together ten champions from across the continent . The tournament was won by Újpest of Hungary . Latin European nations came together to form the Latin Cup in 1949 . After receiving reports from his journalists over the highly successful Campeonato Sudamericano de Campeones of 1948 , Gabriel Hanot , editor of L'Équipe , began proposing the creation of a continent - wide tournament . After Stan Cullis declared Wolverhampton Wanderers `` Champions of the World '' following a successful run of friendlies in the 1950s , in particular a 3 -- 2 friendly victory against Budapest Honvéd , Hanot finally managed to convince UEFA to put into practice such a tournament . It was conceived in Paris in 1955 as the European Champion Clubs ' Cup .
Artificial turf
FIFA originally launched its FIFA Quality Concept in February 2001 . UEFA announced that starting from the 2005 -- 06 season , approved artificial surfaces were to be permitted in their competitions .
Football
The first documented club to bear in the title a reference to being a ' football club ' were called `` The Foot - Ball Club '' who were located in Edinburgh , Scotland , during the period 1824 -- 41 . The club forbade tripping but allowed pushing and holding and the picking up of the ball .
Stanley Cup
The Stanley Cup ( French : La Coupe Stanley ) is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League ( NHL ) playoff winner . It is the oldest existing trophy to be awarded to a professional sports franchise , and the International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) considers it to be one of the `` most important championships available to the sport '' . Originally commissioned in 1892 as the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup , the trophy is named after Lord Stanley of Preston , then -- Governor General of Canada , who donated it as an award to Canada 's top - ranking amateur ice hockey club , which the entire Stanley family supported , with the sons and daughters playing and promoting the game . The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal HC , and subsequent winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games and league play . Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906 . In 1915 , the two professional ice hockey organizations , the National Hockey Association ( NHA ) and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association ( PCHA ) , reached a gentlemen 's agreement in which their respective champions would face each other annually for the Stanley Cup . After a series of league mergers and folds , it was established as the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926 and then the de jure NHL championship prize in 1947 .
Artificial turf
In 2000 , Tropicana Field became the first MLB field to use a third - generation artificial surface , FieldTurf . All other remaining artificial turf stadiums were either converted to third - generation surfaces or were replaced entirely by new natural grass stadiums . In a span of 13 years , between 1992 and 2005 , the National League went from having half of its teams using artificial turf to all of them playing on natural grass . With the replacement of Minneapolis 's Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome by Target Field in 2010 , only two MLB stadiums are still using artificial turf : Tropicana Field and Toronto 's Rogers Centre .
FIFA World Cup
The tournament was expanded to 24 teams in 1982 , and then to 32 in 1998 , also allowing more teams from Africa , Asia and North America to take part . Since then , teams from these regions have enjoyed more success , with several having reached the quarter - finals : Mexico , quarter - finalists in 1986 ; Cameroon , quarter - finalists in 1990 ; South Korea , finishing in fourth place in 2002 ; Senegal , along with USA , both quarter - finalists in 2002 ; Ghana , quarter - finalists in 2010 ; and Costa Rica , quarter - finalists in 2014 . Nevertheless , European and South American teams continue to dominate , e.g. , the quarter - finalists in 1994 , 1998 , 2006 and 2018 were all from Europe or South America and so were the finalists of all tournaments so far .
Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
Initially , the boys played games between themselves and friendly matches against other local clubs . The first recorded match took place on 30 September 1882 against a local team named the Radicals , which Hotspur lost 2 -- 0 . The team entered their first cup competition in the London Association Cup , and won 5 -- 2 in their first competitive match on 17 October 1885 against a company 's works team called St Albans . The club 's fixtures began to attract the interest of the local community and attendances at its home matches increased . In 1892 , they played for the first time in a league , the short - lived Southern Alliance . Sandy
California State Lottery
The California State Lottery began on November 6 , 1984 , when a majority ( 58 % ) of California voters passed Proposition 37 , the California State Lottery Act of 1984 , authorizing the creation of a lottery . On January 29 , 1985 , Gov. George Deukmejian appointed the first Lottery commissioners : William Johnston , Laverta Montgomery , John Price , Howard Varner , and Kennard Webster . The Lottery Act mandated an extremely tight timeline for establishing the Lottery and bringing it to operational status . To comply , the state government immediately built the Lottery 's original headquarters in only three months in the Richards neighborhood of Sacramento ( just north of downtown ) , where it has been located ever since . Governor Deukmejian appointed the Lottery 's first director , Mark Michalko , formerly Ohio Lottery legal counsel , in May 1985 . The first lottery games were Scratchers ; sales began on October 3 , 1985 . A weekly Lotto game began on October 14 , 1986 .
America's Cup
No challenge to race for the Cup was issued until British railway tycoon James Lloyd Ashbury 's topsail schooner Cambria ( 188 tons , 1868 design ) beat the Yankee schooner Sappho ( 274.4 tons , 1867 design ) in the Solent in 1868 . This success encouraged the Royal Thames Yacht Club in believing that the cup could be brought back home , and officially placed the first challenge in 1870 . Ashbury entered Cambria in the NYYC Queen 's Cup race in New York City on 8 August against a fleet of seventeen schooners , with time allowed based on their tonnage . The Cambria only placed eighth , behind the aging America ( 178.6 tons , 1851 ) in fourth place and Franklin Osgood 's Magic ( 92.2 tons , 1857 ) in the fleet 's lead .
New Jersey
In 1976 , a referendum of New Jersey voters approved casino gambling in Atlantic City , where the first legalized casino opened in 1978 . At that time , Las Vegas was the only other casino resort in the country . Today , several casinos lie along the Atlantic City Boardwalk , the first and longest boardwalk in the world . Atlantic City experienced a dramatic contraction in its stature as a gambling destination after 2010 , including the closure of multiple casinos since 2014 , spurred by competition from the advent of legalized gambling in other northeastern U.S. states . On February 26 , 2013 , Governor Chris Christie signed online gambling into law .
American Revolutionary War
British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord in April 1775 led to open combat . Militia forces then besieged Boston , forcing a British evacuation in March 1776 , and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army . Concurrently , an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively . On July 2 , 1776 , the Continental Congress voted for independence , issuing its declaration on July 4 . Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive , capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb . However , victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence . In 1777 , the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne , intending to isolate the New England Colonies . Instead of assisting this effort , Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia , and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777 .
Constitutional Convention (United States)
The Constitutional Convention ( also known as the Philadelphia Convention , the Federal Convention , or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia ) took place from May 25 to September 17 , 1787 , in the old Pennsylvania State House ( later known as Independence Hall because of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence there eleven years before ) in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Although the Convention was intended to revise the league of states and first system of government under the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , which were first proposed in 1776 , adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1778 and only finally unanimously ratified by the Original Thirteen States by 1781 ) , the intention from the outset of many of its proponents , chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New York , was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one . The delegates elected George Washington of Virginia , former commanding general of the Continental Army in the late American Revolutionary War ( 1775 - 1783 ) , to preside over the Convention . The result of the Convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States , placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States and indeed of worldwide historical , political and social influence .
England at the FIFA World Cup
As with their first World Cup , England 's qualifying for the 1954 edition also constituted the 1953 -- 54 British Home Championship . They played Wales at Ninian Park as their first match once again , and the 4 -- 1 result was the same . However , unlike four years earlier , it was the home side that went into the lead , after twenty two minutes through Ivor Allchurch . Despite being 1 -- 0 down at half time , England scored four within eight minutes of the restart ; two each for Dennis Wilshaw and Nat Lofthouse .
Minnesota Twins
In 1982 , the Twins moved into the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome , which they shared with the Minnesota Vikings . After a 16 - 54 start , the Twins were on the verge on becoming the worst team in MLB history . They turned the season around somewhat , but still lost 102 games which is the second - worst record in Twins history ( beaten only by the 2016 team , who lost 103 games ) , despite the . 301 average , 23 homers and 92 RBI from rookie Kent Hrbek . In 1984 , Griffith sold the Twins to multi-billionaire banker / financier Carl Pohlad . The Metrodome hosted the 1985 Major League Baseball All - Star Game . After several losing seasons , the 1987 team , led by Hrbek , Gary Gaetti , Frank Viola ( A.L. Cy Young winner in 1988 ) , Bert Blyleven , Jeff Reardon , Tom Brunansky , Dan Gladden , and rising star Kirby Puckett , returned to the World Series after defeating the favored Detroit Tigers in the ALCS , 4 games to 1 . Tom Kelly managed the Twins to World Series victories over the St. Louis Cardinals in 1987 and the Atlanta Braves in 1991 . The 1988 Twins were the first team in American League history to draw more than 3 million fans . On July 17 , 1990 , the Twins became the only team in major league history to pull off two triple plays in the same game . Twins ' pitcher and Minnesota native Jack Morris was the star of the series in 1991 , going 2 -- 0 in his three starts with a 1.17 ERA. 1991 also marked the first time that any team that finished in last place in their division would advance to the World Series the following season ; both the Twins and the Braves did this in 1991 . Contributors to the 1991 Twins ' improvement from 74 wins to 95 included Chuck Knoblauch , the A.L. Rookie of the Year ; Scott Erickson , 20 - game winner ; new closer Rick Aguilera and new designated hitter Chili Davis .