vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Cremation
On the other hand , some branches of Christianity oppose cremation , including some minority Protestant groups and Orthodox . Most notably , the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches forbid cremation , as a custom , but not dogmatically . Exceptions are made for circumstances where it may not be avoided ( when civil authority demands it , or epidemics ) or if it may be sought for good cause , but when a cremation is willfully chosen for no good cause by the one who is deceased , he or she is not permitted a funeral in the church and may also be permanently excluded from liturgical prayers for the departed . In Orthodoxy , cremation is perceived by some a rejection of the dogma of the general resurrection .
Stem cell
Use of stem cells from amniotic fluid overcomes the ethical objections to using human embryos as a source of cells . Roman Catholic teaching forbids the use of embryonic stem cells in experimentation ; accordingly , the Vatican newspaper `` Osservatore Romano '' called amniotic stem cells `` the future of medicine '' .
Choi Sung-bong
He sends money or goods to those who need , with talent donation activity .
Kidney
Ideally , multiple core sections are obtained and evaluated for adequacy ( presence of glomeruli ) intraoperatively . A pathologist / pathology assistant divides the specimen ( s ) for submission for light microscopy , immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy .
Baptism
The Catholic , Lutheran , Anglican , Presbyterian and Methodist Churches accept baptism performed by other denominations within this group as valid , subject to certain conditions , including the use of the Trinitarian formula . It is only possible to be baptized once , thus people with valid baptisms from other denominations may not be baptized again upon conversion or transfer . Such people are accepted upon making a profession of faith and , if they have not yet validly received the sacrament / rite of confirmation or chrismation , by being confirmed . Specifically , `` Methodist theologians argued that since God never abrogated a covenant made and sealed with proper intentionality , rebaptism was never an option , unless the original baptism had been defective by not having been made in the name of the Trinity . '' In some cases it can be difficult to decide if the original baptism was in fact valid ; if there is doubt , conditional baptism is administered , with a formula on the lines of `` If you are not yet baptized , I baptize you ... ''
Cremation
The organized movement to reinstate cremation as a viable method for body disposal began in the 1870s . In 1869 the idea was presented to the Medical International Congress of Florence by Professors Coletti and Castiglioni `` in the name of public health and civilization '' . In 1873 , Professor Paolo Gorini of Lodi and Professor Ludovico Brunetti of Padua published reports of practical work they had conducted . A model of Brunetti 's cremating apparatus , together with the resulting ashes , was exhibited at the Vienna Exposition in 1873 and attracted great attention , including that of Sir Henry Thompson , 1st Baronet , a surgeon and Physician to the Queen Victoria , who returned home to become the first and chief promoter of cremation in England .
Sinner's prayer
Anyone can , and most Americans do , `` believe '' in Jesus rather than some alternative savior . Anyone can , and many Americans sometimes do , say a prayer asking Jesus to save them . But not many embark on a life fully devoted to the love of God , the love of neighbor , the moral practice of God 's will , and radical , costly discipleship . --
Female reproductive system
Genitoplasty refers to surgery that is carried out to repair damaged sex organs particularly following cancer and its treatment . There are also elective surgical procedures which change the appearance of the external genitals .
T cell
This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( February 2016 )
Cremation
In Australia , the deceased is cremated in a coffin supplied by the undertaker . Reusable or cardboard coffins are becoming popular , with several manufacturers now supplying them . For low cost , a plain , particle - board coffin ( known in the trade as a `` chippie '' ) can be used . Handles ( if fitted ) are plastic and approved for use in a cremator . Coffins vary from natural cardboard and unfinished particle board ( covered with a velvet pall if there is a service ) to solid timber ; most are veneered particle board .
Anterior cruciate ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament surgery is a complex operation that requires expertise in the field of orthopedic and sports medicine . Many factors should be considered when discussing surgery including the athlete 's level of competition , age , previous knee injury , other injuries sustained , leg alignment and graft choice . Occasionally , stimulation of the body 's natural ability to heal the native ligament , called a `` healing response '' , is relied upon . More commonly , the ligament must be replaced by a graft from the patient 's own tissue or tissue from a cadaver . Graft choice could be confusing , requiring expert counseling from a doctor .
Catholic Church and capital punishment
When it is a question of the execution of a condemned man , the State does not dispose of the individual 's right to life . In this case it is reserved to the public power to deprive the condemned person of the enjoyment of life in expiation of his crime when , by his crime , he has already disposed himself of his right to live .
My Sister's Keeper (novel)
She goes into cardiac arrest and is revived . Both she and Campbell are rushed to the hospital . At the hospital , the doctor informs Sara and Brian that Anna is brain - dead and asks them if they have considered organ donation . An injured Campbell steps in and declares that he has the power of attorney and that `` there is a girl upstairs who needs that kidney . '' Kate is prepared for surgery , and Anna 's kidney is successfully transplanted . Anna 's life - support machines are then shut off by her family . Kate survives the surgery and remains in remission . Jesse has reformed and graduates from the police academy , despite his criminal record .
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
SCNT involving human cells is currently legal for research purposes in the United Kingdom , having been incorporated into the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 . Permission must be obtained from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in order to perform or attempt SCNT .
Cremation
The final disposition depends on the personal preferences of the deceased as well as their cultural and religious beliefs . Some religions will permit the cremated remains to be sprinkled or retained at home . Some religions , such as Roman Catholicism , prefer to either bury or entomb the remains . Hinduism obliges the closest male relative ( son , grandson , etc . ) of the deceased to immerse the cremated remains in the holy river Ganges , preferably at the holy city of Triveni Sangam , Allahabad , or Varanasi or Haridwar , India . The Sikhs immerse the remains in Sutlej , usually at Sri Harkiratpur . In southern India , the ashes are immersed in the river Kaveri at Paschima vahini in Srirangapattana at a stretch where the river flows from east to west , depicting the life of a human being from sunrise to sunset . In Japan and Taiwan , the remaining bone fragments are given to the family and are used in a burial ritual before final interment . Further
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Stem cell experts consider it unlikely that such large numbers of human egg donations would occur in a developed country because of the unknown long - term public health effects of treating large numbers of healthy young women with heavy doses of hormones in order to induce hyperovulation ( ovulating several eggs at once ) . Although such treatments have been performed for several decades now , the long - term effects have not been studied or declared safe to use on a large scale on otherwise healthy women . Longer - term treatments with much lower doses of hormones are known to increase the rate of cancer decades later . Whether hormone treatments to induce hyperovulation could have similar effects is unknown . There are also ethical questions surrounding paying for eggs . In general , marketing body parts is considered unethical and is banned in most countries . Human eggs have been a notable exception to this rule for some time .
Framingham Heart Study
One question in evidence - based medicine is how closely the people in a study resemble the patient with which the healthcare professional is dealing . There has been discussion of the study in this regard .
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
In SCNT , not all of the donor cell 's genetic information is transferred , as the donor cell 's mitochondria that contain their own mitochondrial DNA are left behind . The resulting hybrid cells retain those mitochondrial structures which originally belonged to the egg . As a consequence , clones such as Dolly that are born from SCNT are not perfect copies of the donor of the nucleus . This fact may also hamper the potential benefits of SCNT derived tissues / organs for therapy , as there may be an immunoresponse to the non-self mtDNA after transplant .
Cremation
Pet cremation is practiced internationally . In Japan , more than 465 companion animal temples are in operation . These venues hold funerals and rituals for lost pets . In Australia , pet owners can purchase services to have their companion animal cremated and placed in a pet cemetery or taken home .
Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church
Only a priest or bishop can administer the sacraments of Reconciliation and Anointing of the Sick , but a lay person may give a dying person Holy Communion as `` Viaticum , the Last Sacrament of the Christian '' .
Baptism
Prospective candidates for baptism must express their desire to be baptized well in advance of a planned baptismal event , to allow for congregation elders to assess their suitability . Elders approve candidates for baptism if the candidates are considered to understand what is expected of members of the religion and to demonstrate sincere dedication to the faith .
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
In April 2014 , an international research team expanded on this break through . There remained the question of whether the same success could be accomplished using adult somatic cells . Epigenetic and age related changes were thought to possibly hinder an adult somatic cells ability to be reprogrammed . Implementing the procedure pioneered by the Oregon research group they indeed were able to grow stem cells generated by SCNT using adult cells from two donors , aged 35 and 75. Indicating age does not impede a cells ability to be reprogrammed
South Africa
Several important scientific and technological developments have originated in South Africa . The first human - to - human heart transplant was performed by cardiac surgeon Christiaan Barnard at Groote Schuur Hospital in December 1967 , Max Theiler developed a vaccine against yellow fever , Allan McLeod Cormack pioneered X-ray computed tomography , and Aaron Klug developed crystallographic electron microscopy techniques . With the exception of that of Barnard , all of these advancements were recognised with Nobel Prizes . Sydney Brenner won most recently , in 2002 , for his pioneering work in molecular biology .
Negative and positive rights
In the field of medicine , positive rights of patients often conflict with negative rights of physicians . In controversial areas such as abortion and assisted suicide , medical professionals may not wish to offer certain services for moral or philosophical reasons . If enough practitioners opt out as a result of conscience , a right granted by conscience clause statutes in many jurisdictions , patients may not have any means of having their own positive rights fulfilled . Such was the case of Janet Murdock , a Montana woman who could not find any physician to assist her suicide in 2009 . This controversy over positive and negative rights in medicine has become a focal point in the ongoing public debate between conservative ethicist Wesley J. Smith and bioethicist Jacob M. Appel . In discussing Baxter v. Montana , Appel has written :
Iliad
Majesty , son of Kronos , what sort of thing have you spoken ? Do you wish to bring back a man who is mortal , one long since doomed by his destiny , from ill - sounding death and release him ? Do it , then ; but not all the rest of us gods shall approve you .
Stem cell
The use of adult stem cells in research and therapy is not as controversial as the use of embryonic stem cells , because the production of adult stem cells does not require the destruction of an embryo . Additionally , in instances where adult stem cells are obtained from the intended recipient ( an autograft ) , the risk of rejection is essentially non-existent . Consequently , more US government funding is being provided for adult stem cell research .
Glory (religion)
According to the Book of Revelation 20.11 - 15 , the dead in Christ will receive a perfect glorified body at the first resurrection ; those saints alive will be transformed into a glorified perfect body . The second resurrection is for the white throne judgement . Those not resurrected in the first resurrection will be resurrected for judgement to include those born during the thousand - year kingdom . Those whose names do not appear in the book of life will be thrown in the lake of fire .
Division of the assembly
I remember the famous case of Leslie Spriggs , the then Member for St. Helens . We had a tied vote and he was brought to the House in an ambulance having suffered a severe heart attack . The two Whips went out to look in the ambulance and there was Leslie Spriggs laid there as though he was dead . I believe that John Stradling Thomas said to Joe Harper , `` How do we know that he is alive ? '' So he leaned forward , turned the knob on the heart machine , the green light went around , and he said , `` There , you 've lost -- it 's 311 . '' . Pairing
Stem cell
As a result of the success of these experiments , Ian Wilmut , who helped create the first cloned animal Dolly the Sheep , has announced that he will abandon somatic cell nuclear transfer as an avenue of research .
Egg donation
Having an attorney draft a contract is recommended in order to ensure that the donor has no possible legal rights or responsibilities over the child or any frozen embryos . Hiring an attorney who specializes in reproductive law is thus strongly recommended , at least in the United States ; other countries may have other procedures for clarifying the parties ' rights , or may simply have legislation that defines the parties ' rights . In the US , before the egg donor 's IVF cycle begins she typically must sign the Egg Donor Contract , which specifies the rights of the donor and the recipient ( s ) with respect to the retrieved eggs , the embryos , and any children conceived from the donation . Such contracts should specify that the recipients are the legal parents of the child and the legal owners of any eggs or embryos resulting from the cycle ; in other words , while the donor has the right to cancel the cycle at any time prior to egg donation ( although if she does so the contract generally provides that she will not be paid ) , once the eggs are retrieved they belong to the recipient ( s ) . In individual cases the donors and parents may also wish to negotiate terms relating to any unused embryos ( e.g. , some donors would prefer that unused embryos be destroyed or donated to science , while others would prefer or allow them to be donated to another infertile couple ) . Some states have also adopted the Uniform Parentage Act , which provides that the recipient or recipients have complete parental responsibility of the conceived child .
Old-Time Religion
Give me that old time religion ! ( old time religion ) I 'm looking for religion ! ( good religion , like it used to be ! ) Give me that old time religion ! ( old time religion , Lord ) Hallelueh ! ( Hallelueh , good enough for me ! )
Name change
Name change generally refers to the legal act by a person of adopting a new name different from their name at birth , marriage or adoption .
Cremation
In many countries , cremation is usually done in a crematorium . Some countries , such as India and Nepal , prefer different methods , such as open - air cremation .
Euthanasia
Along with the Ohio euthanasia proposal , in 1906 Assemblyman Ross Gregory introduced a proposal to permit euthanasia to the Iowa legislature . However , the Iowa legislation was broader in scope than that offered in Ohio . It allowed for the death of any person of at least ten years of age who suffered from an ailment that would prove fatal and cause extreme pain , should they be of sound mind and express a desire to artificially hasten their death . In addition , it allowed for infants to be euthanised if they were sufficiently deformed , and permitted guardians to request euthanasia on behalf of their wards . The proposed legislation also imposed penalties on physicians who refused to perform euthanasia when requested : a 6 -- 12 month prison term and a fine of between $200 and $1,000 . The proposal proved to be controversial . It engendered considerable debate and failed to pass , having been withdrawn from consideration after being passed to the Committee on Public Health .
Egg donation
The procedures for the donor and the medication given to her are identical to the procedures and medications used in autologous IVF ( i.e. , IVF on patients who are using their own eggs ) . The egg donor thus has the same low risk of complications from IVF as an autologous IVF patient would , such as bleeding from the oocyte recovery procedure and reaction to the hormones used to induce hyperovulation ( producing more than one egg ) , including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( OHSS ) and , rarely , liver failure .
Negative and positive rights
Medical licenses are a limited commodity , reflecting an artificial shortage created by a partnership between Congress and organizations representing physicians -- with medical school seats and residency positions effectively allotted by the government , much like radio frequencies . Physicians benefit from this arrangement in that a smaller number of physicians inevitably leads to increased rates of reimbursement . There 's nothing inherently wrong with this arrangement . However , it belies any claim that doctors should have the same right to choose their customers as barbers or babysitters . Much as the government has been willing to impose duties on radio stations ( e.g. , indecency codes , equal time rules ) that would be impermissible if applied to newspapers , Montana might reasonably consider requiring physicians , in return for the privilege of a medical license , to prescribe medication to the dying without regard to the patient 's intent .
Sustainability
A different proposed solution to partially decouple economic growth from environmental degradation is the restore approach . This approach views `` restore '' as a fourth component to the common reduce , reuse , recycle motto . Participants in such efforts are encouraged to voluntarily donate towards nature conservation a small fraction of the financial savings they experience through a more frugal use of resources . These financial savings would normally lead to rebound effects , but a theoretical analysis suggests that donating even a small fraction of the experienced savings can potentially more than eliminate rebound effects .
Cremation
Throughout parts of Europe , cremation was forbidden by law , and even punishable by death if combined with Heathen rites . Cremation was sometimes used by Catholic authorities as part of punishment for Protestant heretics , and this did not only include burning at the stake . For example , the body of John Wycliff was exhumed years after his death and burned to ashes , with the ashes thrown in a river , explicitly as a posthumous punishment for his denial of the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation .
T cell
In 2015 , a team of researchers led by Dr. Alexander Marson at the University of California , San Francisco successfully edited the genome of human T cells using a Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery method . This advancement has potential for applications in treating `` cancer immunotherapies and cell - based therapies for HIV , primary immune deficiencies , and autoimmune diseases '' .
Egg donation
For a donor to be accepted by an agency and repeatedly used she must be marketable and appealing to the recipients . Although egg donation is a significant , life - giving act , the companies participating in this industry still have to operate with an economical mind - set . Matches between egg recipients and egg donors are what make the profit for the company and achievable to continue these processes for others . The most sought - after donors tend to be those who are ( 1 ) proven ( i.e. , have donated before and produced a pregnancy from it , proving themselves both fertile and reliable ) ; ( 2 ) conventionally attractive ; ( 3 ) healthy , with good family health histories ; and ( 4 ) smart , well educated .
Sanctuary city
In January 2017 a bill was proposed in the California State Legislature to make California a `` sanctuary state . ''
Sinner's prayer
Lord Jesus , I need You . Thank You for dying on the cross for my sins . I open the door of my life and receive You as my Savior and Lord . Thank You for forgiving my sins and giving me eternal life . Take control of the throne of my life . Make me the kind of person You want me to be .
Cremation
Some of the various Protestant churches came to accept cremation , with the rationale being , `` God can resurrect a bowl of ashes just as conveniently as he can resurrect a bowl of dust . '' The 1908 Catholic Encyclopedia was critical about these efforts , referring to them as a `` sinister movement '' and associating them with Freemasonry , although it said that `` there is nothing directly opposed to any dogma of the Church in the practice of cremation . '' In 1963 , ( at Second Vatican Council ) Pope Paul VI lifted the ban on cremation , and in 1966 allowed Catholic priests to officiate at cremation ceremonies .
Cremation
In the United States federal law does not dictate any container requirements for cremation . Certain states , however , may require an opaque or non-transparent container of all cremations . This can be a simple corrugated - cardboard box or a wooden casket ( coffin ) . Most casket manufacturers provide lines of caskets that are specially built for cremation . Another option is a cardboard box that fits inside a wooden shell , which is designed to look like a traditional casket . After the funeral service , the box is removed from the shell before cremation , permitting the shell to be re-used . Funeral homes may also offer rental caskets , which are traditional caskets used only during the services , after which the bodies are transferred to other containers for cremation . Rental caskets are sometimes designed with removable beds and liners , which are replaced after each use .
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
One concern is that blastula creation in SCNT - based human stem cell research will lead to the reproductive cloning of humans . Both processes use the same first step : the creation of a nuclear transferred embryo , most likely via SCNT . Those who hold this concern often advocate for strong regulation of SCNT to preclude implantation of any derived products for the intention of human reproduction , or its prohibition .