vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Houston Astros
Houston Astros 2017 Houston Astros season Established in 1962 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations American League ( 2013 -- present ) West Division ( 2013 -- present ) National League ( 1962 -- 2012 ) Central Division ( 1994 -- 2012 ) West Division ( 1969 -- 1993 ) Current uniform Retired numbers 5 7 24 25 32 33 34 40 49 42 Colors Navy blue , orange , white Name Houston Astros ( 1965 -- present ) Houston Colt . 45s ( 1962 -- 1964 ) Other nicknames ' Stros Ballpark Minute Maid Park ( 2000 -- present ) Astrodome ( 1965 -- 1999 ) Colt Stadium ( 1962 -- 1964 ) Major league titles World Series titles ( 1 ) 2017 AL Pennants ( 1 ) 2017 NL Pennants ( 1 ) 2005 AL West Division titles ( 1 ) 2017 NL West / Central Division titles ( 6 ) 1980 1986 1997 1998 1999 2001 Wild card berths ( 3 ) 2005 2015 The Astros also qualified for the postseason in the strike - split 1981 season , losing to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLDS . Front office Owner ( s ) Jim Crane Manager A.J. Hinch General Manager Jeff Luhnow President of Baseball Operations Reid Ryan
Monday Night Football
The 39th season of MNF ended on December 22 , 2008 , when the Bears beat the Green Bay Packers , 20 -- 17 , in overtime at home at Soldier Field in Chicago . 2009
Ottawa
Collegiate teams in various sports compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport . The Carleton Ravens are nationally ranked in basketball , and the Ottawa Gee - Gees are nationally ranked in football and basketball . Algonquin College has also won numerous national championships . The city is home to an assortment of amateur organized team sports such as soccer , basketball , baseball , curling , rowing , hurling and horse racing . Casual recreational activities , such as skating , cycling , hiking , sailing , golfing , skiing , and fishing / ice fishing are also popular . Current
Major League Baseball wild card
In Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , the wild card teams are the two teams in each of the two leagues ( American and National ) that have qualified for the postseason despite failing to win their division . Both teams in each league possess the two best winning percentages in their respective league after the three division winners . The wild card was first instituted in MLB in 1994 , with one wild - card team per league advancing to the Division Series in the postseason to face a division winner . In 2012 , the system was modified to add a second wild - card team per league and put each league 's wild - card teams against each other in a play - in game -- the MLB Wild Card Game -- the winner of which would then advance to the Division Series and play the team with the best record . This system ensures that the team with the second - best record in each league , after the three division winners and the team with the first - best record in the league that is a non-division winner , will also get a postseason berth , even if it is n't a division champion .
Minnesota Twins
In 2008 , the Twins finished the regular season tied with the White Sox on top of the AL Central , forcing a one - game playoff in Chicago to determine the division champion . The Twins lost that game and missed the playoffs . The game location was determined by rule of a coin flip that was conducted in mid-September . This rule was changed for the start of the 2009 season , making the site for any tiebreaker game to be determined by the winner of the regular season head - to - head record between the teams involved . 2009
Carolina Panthers
During their time in the NFC West , the Panthers began developing a rivalry with the San Francisco 49ers . This rivalry faded after the NFL moved the Panthers out of the NFC West .
Houston Astros
The early 1990s were marked by the Astros ' growing discontent with their home , the Astrodome . After the Astrodome was renovated for the primary benefit of the NFL 's Houston Oilers ( who shared the Astrodome with the Astros since the 1960s ) , the Astros began to grow increasingly disenchanted with the facility . Faced with declining attendance at the Astrodome and the inability of management to obtain a new stadium , in the 1991 off - season Astros management announced its intention to sell the team and move the franchise to the Washington , D.C. area . However , the move was not approved by other National League owners , thus compelling the Astros to remain in Houston . Shortly thereafter , McMullen ( who also owned the NHL 's New Jersey Devils ) sold the team to Texas businessman Drayton McLane in 1993 , who committed to keeping the team in Houston .
Lakers–Clippers rivalry
The Clippers ' locker room is smaller than the Lakers ' . The arena 's seats were originally colored purple , the primary color of the Lakers , as well as the primary colors at the time of construction for the Los Angeles Kings , the National Hockey League ( NHL ) team that also shares Staples . However , the seats were replaced with black ones in 2005 . The Clippers are the only one of the four Staples tenants without any banners hanging to commemorate championships or retired numbers ( the team electing to place the banners for their two division titles in their practice facility instead of the Staples Center ) .
Salt Lake City
There are also two minor league teams in the city . The Salt Lake Bees , a Pacific Coast League Triple - A affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels , play at Smith 's Ballpark and were established in 1994 as the Buzz . Their name was changed to the Stingers in 2002 and to the Bees , a historical Salt Lake City baseball team name , in 2006 . The Utah Grizzlies hockey team of the ECHL were established in 2005 , replacing the previous Grizzlies team that existed from when they relocated from Denver in 1995 to 2005 in the International Hockey League ( IHL ) and , later , the American Hockey League ( AHL ) . They play at the Maverik Center in neighboring West Valley City .
Los Angeles Chargers
The Los Angeles Chargers were established with seven other American Football League teams in 1959 . In 1960 , the Chargers began AFL play in Los Angeles . The Chargers ' original owner was hotel heir Barron Hilton , son of Hilton Hotels founder Conrad Hilton .
2016 Atlanta Falcons season
438 2 -- 4 5 -- 7 . 559 . 518 W2 13 Carolina Panthers South 6 10 0 . 375 1 -- 5 5 -- 7 . 518 . 354 L2 14 Los Angeles Rams West 12 0 . 250 2 -- 4 3 -- 9 . 504 . 500 L7 15 Chicago Bears North 13 0 . 188 2 -- 4 3 -- 9 . 521 . 396 L4 16 San Francisco 49ers West 14 0 . 125 2 -- 4 2 -- 10 . 504 . 250 L1 Tiebreakers ^ Jump up to : Detroit finished ahead of Tampa Bay for the No. 6 seed and qualified for the last playoff spot based on record vs. common opponents -- Detroit 's cumulative record against Chicago , Dallas , Los Angeles and New Orleans was 3 -- 2 , while Tampa Bay 's cumulative record against the same four teams was 2 -- 3 . ^ Jump up to : New Orleans finished ahead of Philadelphia based on better record vs. conference opponents . Jump up ^ When breaking ties for three or more teams under the NFL 's rules , they are first broken within divisions , then comparing only the highest ranked remaining team from each division .
Northern cardinal
The northern cardinal is a mid-sized songbird with a body length of 21 -- 23 cm ( 8.3 -- 9.1 in ) . It has a distinctive crest on the head and a mask on the face which is black in the male and gray in the female . The male is a vibrant red , while the female is a dull reddish olive . The northern cardinal is mainly granivorous , but also feeds on insects and fruit . The male behaves territorially , marking out his territory with song . During courtship , the male feeds seed to the female beak - to - beak . A clutch of three to four eggs is laid , and two to four clutches are produced each year . It was once prized as a pet , but its sale as a cage bird was banned in the United States by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 .
NFL playoffs
The 32 - team National Football League is divided into two conferences , American Football Conference ( AFC ) and National Football Conference ( NFC ) , each with 16 teams . Since 2002 , each conference has been further divided into four divisions of four teams each . The tournament brackets are made up of six teams from each of the league 's two conferences , following the end of the regular season . Qualification into the playoffs works as follows :
NFL playoffs
When the leagues merged in 1970 , the new NFL ( with 26 teams ) reorganized into two conferences of three divisions each . From the 1970 season to the 1977 season , four teams from each conference ( for a total of eight teams ) qualified for the playoffs each year . These four teams included the three division champions , and a fourth wild - card team .
History of the National Football League
The rival American Football League was founded in 1960 . It was very successful , and forced a merger with the older NFL that resulted in a greatly expanded league and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most - watched annual sporting event in the United States . The league continued to expand to its current size of 32 teams . A series of labor agreements during the 1990s and increasingly large television contracts has helped keep the league one of the most profitable in the U.S. , and the only major league in the U.S. since 1990 to avoid a work stoppage that resulted in the loss of regular - season games .
NFL playoffs
As a result of this seeding issue , frequent calls have been made to modify the playoff format even further . One proposal has been to expand the playoffs to 14 teams . Proponents of expansion note the increased revenue that could be gained from an additional two playoff games . They also note that the 12 - team playoff system was implemented when the league only had 28 teams and six divisions ( of 4 to 5 teams each ) . The opposition to such a move notes that an expansion of the playoffs would `` water down '' the field by giving access to lower - caliber teams . Opponents to expansion further point to the NBA playoffs and the NHL playoffs where more than half of the teams qualify for the postseason , and there is often a decreased emphasis on regular season performance as a result .
American football
A football game is played between two teams of 11 players each . Playing with more on the field is punishable by a penalty . Teams may substitute any number of their players between downs ; this `` platoon '' system replaced the original system , which featured limited substitution rules , and has resulted in teams utilizing specialized offensive , defensive and special teams squads .
NFL playoffs
NFL postseason history can be traced to the first NFL Championship Game in 1933 , though in the early years , qualification for the game was based solely on regular season records . From 1933 to 1966 , the NFL postseason generally only consisted of the NFL Championship Game , pitting the league 's two division winners ( pending any one - game playoff matches that needed to be held to break ties in the division standings ) . The NFL playoffs then expanded in 1967 , when four teams qualified for the tournament . When the league merged with the American Football League ( AFL ) in 1970 , the playoffs expanded to eight teams . The playoffs were expanded to 10 teams in 1978 and 12 teams since 1990 .
History of the Cleveland Browns
The Browns are only one of 12 NFL franchises to predate the 1960 launch of the American Football League , and are only one of three such teams in the AFC .
NFL playoffs
For the 1967 NFL season , the NFL expanded to 16 teams , and split its two conferences into two divisions each , with four teams in each division . The four division champions would advance to the NFL playoffs , and to remain on schedule , a tie - breaker system was introduced . The first round of playoffs determined the conference 's champion and its representative in the NFL Championship Game , played the following week . Thus , 1967 was the first season there was a scheduled playoff tournament to determine the teams to play for the NFL Championship .
American football
American football leagues exist throughout the world , but the game has yet to achieve the international success and popularity of baseball and basketball . NFL Europa , the developmental league of the NFL , operated from 1991 to 1992 and then from 1995 to 2007 . At the time of its closure , NFL Europa had five teams based in Germany and one in the Netherlands .
Super Bowl
A total of twenty - six different stadiums , five of which no longer exist and one of which does not yet exist , have hosted or are scheduled to host Super Bowls . Years listed in the table below are the years the game was actually played ( will be played ) rather than what NFL season it is considered to have been .
History of the National Football League
Several NFL franchises led by Cowboys General Manager Tex Schramm asked to meet with AFL owners to negotiate a merger . In an agreement brokered by Schramm and AFL founder Lamar Hunt , the two leagues announced their merger deal on June 8 , 1966 . The leagues would thenceforth hold a Common Draft and an end - of - season World Championship Game between the two league champions ( later known as the Super Bowl and reverting to simply an NFL championship game ) . Still another city received an NFL franchise thanks to the AFL , as New Orleans was awarded an NFL team after Louisiana 's federal Congressmen pushed for the passage of Public Law 89 - 800 , which permitted the merger and exempted the action from Anti-Trust restrictions . The monopoly that would be created needed to be legitimized by an act of Congress . In 1970 , the leagues fully merged under the name National Football League and divided into two conferences of an equal number of teams . Since the pre-merger NFL had six more teams than the AFL , three NFL teams -- the Pittsburgh Steelers , Cleveland Browns , and Baltimore Colts -- moved to the AFC , the conference containing the AFL teams . Two other teams , the Seattle Seahawks and Tampa Bay Buccaneers , were also added to the NFL as part of the merger agreement . ( These two teams were not added until 1976 ; during the early 1970s , there were some concerns that several of the newly transplanted teams did not have stadiums big or modern enough to accommodate the NFL , and Seattle and Tampa Bay unsuccessfully attempted to court teams such as the Buffalo Bills and Boston Patriots to their cities . Once the Bills and Patriots built new stadiums and solidified their place in their home markets , the NFL awarded Seattle and Tampa Bay expansion franchises of their own . ) There was also a financial settlement , with the AFL teams paying a combined $18 million over 20 years .
Super Bowl ring
As of 2017 , ten players have won championships in both the NFL and Canada 's equivalent Canadian Football League ( CFL ) .
List of NFL tied games
Key Symbol Meaning Team ( # ) Denotes the number of times the team has tied a game since 1974 .
History of the National Football League
However , despite the NFL 's previous segregationist policies , the clear competitive advantage of AFL teams with liberal signing policies affected the NFL 's drafts . By 1969 , a comparison of the two leagues ' championship team photos showed the AFL 's Chiefs with 23 black players out of 51 players ( 45 % ) pictured , while the NFL 's Vikings had 11 blacks , of 42 players ( 26 % ) in the photo . Chiefs players have been quoted as saying that one motivating factor in their defeat of the Vikings in Super Bowl IV was their pride in their diverse squad . Recent surveys have shown that the current , post-merger NFL is approximately 67 -- 71 % non-white ( this includes African Americans , Polynesians , non-white Hispanics , Asians , and people that are mixed race ) , significantly higher than the national average ; certain positions , such as cornerback and running back , are almost entirely black .
American football
American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . The most popular forms of the game are professional and college football , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . As of 2012 , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most - watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US $10 billion .
NFL playoffs
The NFL is the only one out of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States to use a single - elimination tournament in all four rounds of its playoffs ; Major League Baseball ( MLB ) ( not including their wild - card postseason round ) , the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , and the National Hockey League ( NHL ) all use a `` best - of '' series format instead .
American football
The sport is played in European countries such as Switzerland , which has American football clubs in every major city , and Germany , where the sport has around 45,000 registered amateur players . In Europe , almost all nations have their own leagues , highlighting its importance those of Austria ( Austrian Football League ) , Germany ( German Football League ) , Great Britain ( BAFA National Leagues ) , France ( Ligue Élite de Football Américain ) and Italy ( Italian Football League ) . But in these countries American football has not yet reached the same level of popularity it has , for example , in North America . There are national teams of Austria , Finland , France , Germany , Great Britain , Hungary , Israel , Italy , Netherlands , Poland , Romania , Russia , Serbia , Spain and Sweden .
Super Bowl
As of Super Bowl LII , 27 of 52 Super Bowls have been played in three cities : New Orleans ( ten times ) , the Greater Miami area ( ten times ) , and the Greater Los Angeles area ( seven times ) . No market or region without an active NFL franchise has ever hosted a Super Bowl , and the presence of an NFL team in a market or region is now a de jure requirement for bidding on the game . The winning market is not , however , required to host the Super Bowl in the same stadium that its NFL team uses , and nine Super Bowls have been held in a stadium other than the one the NFL team in that city was using at the time . For example , Los Angeles 's last five Super Bowls were all played at the Rose Bowl , which has never been used by any NFL franchise outside of the Super Bowl .
American football
Japan was introduced to the sport in 1934 by Paul Rusch , a teacher and Christian missionary who helped establish football teams at three universities in Tokyo . Play was halted during World War II , but began to grow in popularity again after the war . As of 2010 , there are more than 400 high school football teams in Japan , with over 15,000 participants , and over 100 teams play in the Kantoh Collegiate Football Association ( KCFA ) . The college champion plays the champion of the X-League ( a semi-pro league where teams are financed by corporations ) in the Rice Bowl to determine Japan 's national champion .
History of the National Football League
The NFL has the highest per - game attendance of any domestic professional sports league in the world . The NFL 's overall attendance , however , is only approximately 20 percent of Major League Baseball , because of the latter 's longer schedule ( 162 - game scheduled regular season ) .
Seattle Seahawks
As per one of the agreed parts of the 1970 AFL -- NFL merger , the NFL began planning to expand from 26 to 28 teams . In June 1972 , Seattle Professional Football Inc. , a group of Seattle business and community leaders , announced its intention to acquire an NFL franchise for the city of Seattle . In June 1974 , the NFL gave the city an expansion franchise . That December , NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle announced the official signing of the franchise agreement by Lloyd W. Nordstrom , representing the Nordstrom family as majority partners for the consortium .
National Football League on television
Market size and team success plays a huge factor in determining the level of games . For example , Green Bay has a city population of 205,000 , one of the smallest for a city with a sports team . But the Packers usually have the `` A '' or `` B '' game because of their long history and almost unparalleled success . ( The team is actually two markets for the NFL policy ; Milwaukee is the other primary market for the team . )
American football
Individual players in a football game must be designated with a uniform number between 1 and 99 . NFL teams are required to number their players by a league - approved numbering system , and any exceptions must be approved by the Commissioner . NCAA and NFHS teams are `` strongly advised '' to number their offensive players according to a league - suggested numbering scheme .
American football rules
Officials are selected by the teams in advance or appointed by the governing league . While the majority of officials at lower levels only officiate games on a part - time basis , the NFL is implementing a new system where seven officials will become full - time employees of the league , one for each official position ( i.e. back judge , field judge , side judge , etc . ) . In the other three major North American professional sports leagues -- Major League Baseball , the NBA and NHL -- officials are employed by their respective leagues . The sheer volume of games in the other three sports necessitates full - time officials ; the NFL regular season is only 16 games long , compared to 162 games for MLB and 82 for the NBA and NHL .
National Football League on television
Individual teams may make no more than four appearances on NBC during the season ( not counting the Thursday Night Football games aired and / or produced by NBC ) . Only three teams may make as many as six prime time appearances ( Sunday night , Monday night , Thursday night , and Saturday night combined ) . The remaining teams may make a maximum of five prime time appearances . In addition , there are no restrictions amongst intra-division games being `` flexed . ''
NFL playoffs
The National Football League ( NFL ) playoffs are a single - elimination tournament held after the end of the National Football League regular season to determine the NFL champion . Six teams from each of the league 's two conferences qualify for the playoffs based on regular season records , and a tie - breaking procedure exists in the case of equal records . The tournament ends with the Super Bowl , the league 's championship game , which matches the two conference champions .
NFL playoffs
The 14 - team playoff proposal remained tabled until December 2014 , when no team in the NFC South could finish better than . 500 ; Goodell stated that the league would vote on it at the March 2015 Owners ' Meetings . One proposed 14 - club system includes giving first - round byes for the teams with the best record in each conference , two division champions in each conference receiving home games , and the remaining eight teams would be seeded by win - loss record . However , by the following February 2015 , the Washington Post reported that support among team owners has eroded , and league leaders expressed reluctance to make a change until the one - year extension with CBS to televise Thursday Night Football expired at the end of the 2015 season . The proposal lost all interest ; today , it has never been raised . It is likely that movement wo n't be made on expanding either the playoffs or the regular season until at least 2020 , when the current collective bargaining agreement expires .
Super Bowl
The 2010s have seen parity between the two conferences , but not within them . Since the start of 2010 , five of the nine Super Bowl winners hailed from the NFC , the other four from the AFC .