vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
West African Ebola virus epidemic
Sierra Leone had entered a 90 - day period of enhanced surveillance that was scheduled to end on 5 February 2016 , when , on 14 January , a new Ebola death was reported in the Tonkolili District . Prior to this case , the WHO had advised that `` we still anticipate more flare - ups and must be prepared for them . A massive effort is underway to ensure robust prevention , surveillance and response capacity across all three countries by the end of March . '' On 16 January , aid workers reported that a woman had died of the virus and that she may have exposed several individuals ; the government later announced that 100 people had been quarantined . Investigations indicated that the deceased was a female student from Lunsar , in Port Loko District who had gone to Kambia District on 28 December 2015 before returning symptomatic . She had also visited Bombali District to consult a herbalist , and had later gone to a government hospital in Magburaka . The WHO indicated that there were 109 contacts ( 28 of them high - risk ) , that there were another 3 missing contacts , and that the source or route of transmission that caused the fatality was unknown . A second new case -- confirmed by WHO spokesman Tarik Jasarevic to be a 38 - year - old relative and caregiver of the aforementioned Ebola victim -- had become symptomatic on 20 Jan while under observation at a quarantine centre . On 22 January , it was reported that this patient was responding to treatment . On 26 January , WHO Director - General , Dr Margaret Chan officially confirmed that the outbreak was not yet over ; that same day , it was also reported that Ebola restrictions had halted market activity in Kambia District , amid protests . On 7 February 70 individuals were released from quarantine , and on 8 February the last Ebola patient was also released . On 17 February , the WHO indicated that 2,600 Ebola survivors had accessed health assessments and eye examinations .
History of advertising
Brazil is the largest country in Latin America , and number five in the world in terms of population . Its economy grew rapidly in the 21st century , until it began to stall in 2010 . At that time it was the world 's sixth - biggest advertising market , at $ US 14.2 billion . Brazil in 2010 ranks # 1 in deodorants , # 2 in children 's products , # 3 in cosmetics , and # 4 in automobile sales Mexico
West African Ebola virus epidemic
In December 2014 , a British aid worker who had just returned from Sierra Leone was diagnosed with Ebola . She was treated with survivors ' blood plasma and experimental drugs and declared free of disease in January 2015 . However , in October 2015 , she again became critically ill and was diagnosed with meningitis . In this unprecedented case it is thought that the virus remained in her brain replicating at a very low level until it had replicated to a degree capable of causing clinical meningitis . The woman was treated and in November 2015 it was reported that she had recovered . Ebola
Rory McIlroy
On the eve of the Open Championship in 2016 , McIlroy said he would not watch the golf tournament at the Olympic Games and would focus on the sports that matter like swimming and track & field having previously withdrawn from representing Ireland in the games due to the threat of the Zika virus in Brazil . Following the tournament , McIlroy went on to admit his surprise at how successful it had been , and that he had been wrong to dismiss it .
G20
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Australia Canada Saudi Arabia United States India Russia South Africa Turkey Argentina Brazil Mexico France Germany Italy United Kingdom China Indonesia Japan South Korea
World Health Organization
In 2000 , the Stop TB Partnership was created along with the UN 's formulation of the Millennium Development Goals . In 2001 the measles initiative was formed , and credited with reducing global deaths from the disease by 68 % by 2007 . In 2002 , The Global Fund to Fight AIDS , Tuberculosis and Malaria was drawn up to improve the resources available . In 2006 , the organization endorsed the world 's first official HIV / AIDS Toolkit for Zimbabwe , which formed the basis for a global prevention , treatment and support plan to fight the AIDS pandemic .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
On 17 March 2016 , the government of Guinea reported that 2 people had again tested positive for Ebola virus in Korokpara . It was also reported that they were from the village where members of one family had recently died from vomiting ( and diarrhea ) . On 19 March , it was reported that another individual had died due to the virus at the treatment centre in Nzerekore . Consequently , the country 's government quarantined an area around the home where the cases took place . This was also the same region where the first case was registered on December 2013 at the beginning of the Ebola outbreak . On 22 March , it was reported that medical authorities in Guinea had quarantined 816 suspected contacts of the prior cases ( more than 100 individuals were considered high - risk ) ; the same day , Liberia ordered its border with Guinea closed . Macenta Prefecture , 200 kilometers from Korokpara , registered Guinea 's fifth fatality due to Ebola virus disease within the same period . On 29 March , it was reported that about 1,000 contacts had been identified ( 142 of them high - risk ) , and on 30 March 3 more confirmed cases were reported from the sub-prefecture of Koropara . On 1 April , it was reported that possible contacts , which numbered in the hundreds , had been vaccinated with an experimental vaccine using a ring vaccination approach .
Doctor of Public Health
James Cook University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine . LaTrobe University School of Public Health . University of Wollongong School of Health Science . University of New South Wales School of Public Health and Medicine ( Future Health Leaders Program ) . Monash University School of Public Health . Flinders University School of Public Health . Curtin University .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
In January 2015 , Oxfam , a UK - based disaster relief organisation , indicated that a `` Marshall Plan '' ( a reference to the massive plan to rebuild Europe after World War II ) was needed so that countries could begin to financially assist those that had been worst hit by the virus . The call was repeated in April 2015 when the most - affected West African countries asked for an $8 billion `` Marshall Plan '' to rebuild their economies . Speaking at the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf said the amount was needed because `` ( o ) ur health systems collapsed , investors left our countries , revenues declined and spending increased . ''
West African Ebola virus epidemic
The index case was initially reported to have been a woman from Ikanamongo Village , who became ill with symptoms of Ebola after she had butchered a bush animal . However , later findings suggested that there may have been several previous cases , and it was reported that pigs in the village may have been infected with Ebola some time before the first human case occurred . The WHO declared the outbreak over on 21 November 2014 , after a total of 66 cases and 49 deaths .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
In early December , the WHO reported that at a national level there were enough beds in treatment facilities to treat and isolate all reported Ebola cases , although their uneven distribution was resulting in serious shortfalls in some areas . Similarly , all affected countries had sufficient and widespread capacity to bury reported deaths ; however , because not all deaths were reported , it was possible that the reverse could have been the case in some areas . WHO also reported that every district had access to a laboratory to confirm cases of Ebola within 24 hours of sample collection , and that all three countries had reported that more than 80 % of registered contacts associated with known cases of Ebola virus disease were being traced , although contact tracing was still a challenge in areas of intense transmission and those with community resistance .
World Health Organization
On 21 October 2017 the Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus appointed Zimbabwe 's president Robert Mugabe as a WHO Goodwill Ambassador to help promote the fight against non-communicable diseases . The appointment address praised Mugabe for his commitment to public health in Zimbabwe .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
From the beginning of the outbreak , there existed considerable difficulty in getting reliable estimates -- both of the number of people affected and of its geographical extent . The three most affected countries -- Guinea , Liberia and Sierra Leone -- are among the poorest in the world , with extremely low levels of literacy , few hospitals or doctors , low - quality physical infrastructure , and weakly functioning government institutions . One study yielded results of the spatio - temporal evolution of the viral outbreak . With the use of heat maps , it was determined that the outbreak did not uniformly unfold over the affected community areas . Growth in the regions of Guinea , Liberia and Sierra Leone was very different over time , indicating that monitoring the outbreak at district level was important . Visual inspection of incidence curves alone could not render the needed results or data ; growth rates with a two - dimensional heat map were used . Finally , the study showed that accurate predictions of growth were improbable , coupled with knowledge about the disease that was not fully adequate at the time ( as there were now cases of sexual transmission ) .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
The WHO officially commended the Senegalese government , and in particular the President Macky Sall and the Minister of Health , Dr Awa Coll - Seck , for their response in quickly isolating the patient and tracing and following up 74 contacts , as well as for their public awareness campaign . This acknowledgement was also extended to MSF and the CDC for their assistance . Nigeria
World Health Organization
In 2003 , the WHO denounced the Roman Curia 's health department 's opposition to the use of condoms , saying : `` These incorrect statements about condoms and HIV are dangerous when we are facing a global pandemic which has already killed more than 20 million people , and currently affects at least 42 million . '' As of 2009 , the Catholic Church remains opposed to increasing the use of contraception to combat HIV / AIDS . At the time , the World Health Assembly President , Guyana 's Health Minister Leslie Ramsammy , condemned Pope Benedict 's opposition to contraception , saying he was trying to `` create confusion '' and `` impede '' proven strategies in the battle against the disease .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
Researchers generally believe that a one - year - old boy , later identified as Emile Ouamouno , who died in December 2013 in the village of Meliandou , Guéckédou Prefecture , Guinea , was the index case of the West African epidemic . Scientists have long believed that bats are involved in the spread of the virus , and , incidentally , the boy 's home was in the vicinity of a large colony of Angolan free - tailed bats . The Ebola virus was , however , not found in any of the bats that were captured and tested . His mother , sister , and grandmother later became ill with similar symptoms and also died ; people infected by these initial cases spread the disease to other villages . Although the disease represents a major public health concern in much of sub-Saharan Africa , prior to the outbreak Ebola was mistakenly thought by the international community to not be endemic to West Africa . Thus , these early cases were diagnosed as other conditions more common to the area and the disease had several months to spread before it became recognized as Ebola . Monthly
West African Ebola virus epidemic
There has been significant criticism of the World Health Organization from some aid agencies because its response was perceived as slow and insufficient , especially during the early stages of the outbreak . In October 2014 , the Associated Press reported that , in an internal draft document , the WHO admitted that `` nearly everyone '' involved in the Ebola response failed to notice factors that turned the outbreak into the largest on record , and that they had missed chances to stop the spread of Ebola due to `` incompetent staff , bureaucracy and a lack of reliable information '' . Peter Piot , co-discoverer of the Ebola virus , called the WHO regional office in Africa `` really not competent . '' In April 2015 , the WHO admitted very serious failings in handling the crisis and indicated reforms for any future crises ; `` we did not work effectively in coordination with other partners , there were shortcomings in risk communications and there was confusion of roles and responsibilities '' . In May 2015 , an independent panel indicated `` deep and substantial '' change would be needed in WHO ; on the same topic , German Chancellor Angela Merkel unveiled a strategy to improve the WHO at the 2015 G7 meeting .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
With only 50 physicians in the entire country -- one for every 70,000 citizens -- Liberia was already in a healthcare crisis . In September , the CDC reported that some hospitals had been abandoned , while those still functioning lacked basic facilities and supplies . In October , the Liberian ambassador in Washington was reported as saying that he feared that his country may be `` close to collapse '' . By 24 October , all of the 15 Liberian districts had reported Ebola cases .
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization ( WHO ; French : Organisation mondiale de la santé ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health . It was established on 7 April 1948 headquartered in Geneva , Switzerland . The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group . Its predecessor , the Health Organization , was an agency of the League of Nations .
Zimbabwe
In August 2008 large areas of Zimbabwe were struck by the ongoing cholera epidemic . By December 2008 more than 10,000 people had been infected in all but one of Zimbabwe 's provinces and the outbreak had spread to Botswana , Mozambique , South Africa and Zambia . On 4 December 2008 the Zimbabwe government declared the outbreak to be a national emergency and asked for international aid .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
West Africa On 8 August 2014 , a cordon sanitaire , a disease - fighting practice that forcibly isolates affected regions , was established in the triangular area where Guinea , Liberia , and Sierra Leone are separated only by porous borders and where 70 percent of the known cases had been found . This was subsequently replaced by a series of simple checkpoints for hand - washing and measuring body temperature on major roads throughout the region , manned either by local volunteers or by the military . International Many countries considered imposing travel restrictions to or from the region . On 2 September 2014 , WHO Director - General Margaret Chan advised against this , saying that they were not justified and that they would prevent medical experts from entering the affected areas . She also stated that they were `` marginalizing the affected population and potentially worsening the crisis '' . UN officials working on the ground also criticized the travel restrictions , saying the solution was `` not in travel restrictions but in ensuring that effective preventive and curative health measures are put in place '' . MSF also spoke out against the closure of international borders , calling them `` another layer of collective irresponsibility '' and added : `` The international community must ensure that those who try to contain the outbreak can enter and leave the affected countries if need be . ''
G20
In June 2010 , Singapore 's representative to the United Nations warned the G20 that its decisions would affect `` all countries , big and small '' , and asserted that prominent non-G20 members should be included in financial reform discussions . Singapore thereafter took a leading role in organizing the Global Governance Group ( 3G ) , an informal grouping of 30 non-G20 countries ( including several microstates and many Third World countries ) with the aim of collectively channelling their views into the G20 process more effectively . Singapore 's chairing of the 3G was cited as a rationale for inviting Singapore to the November 2010 G20 summit in South Korea , as well as the 2011 , 2013 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016 and the recently concluded 2017 summits . Foreign
World Health Organization
Directors - General of the WHO Name Years of tenure Tedros Adhanom since 2017 Margaret Chan 2006 -- 2017 Anders Nordström * 2006 ( acting ) Lee Jong - wook 2003 -- 2006 Gro Harlem Brundtland 1998 -- 2003 Hiroshi Nakajima 1988 -- 1998 Halfdan T. Mahler 1973 -- 1988 Marcolino Gomes Candau 1953 -- 1973 Brock Chisholm 1948 -- 1953 * Acting Director - General following the death of Lee Jong - wook while in office
Neolithic Revolution
Throughout the development of sedentary societies , disease spread more rapidly than it had during the time in which hunter - gatherer societies existed . Inadequate sanitary practices and the domestication of animals may explain the rise in deaths and sickness following the Neolithic Revolution , as diseases jumped from the animal to the human population . Some examples of infectious diseases spread from animals to humans are influenza , smallpox , and measles . In concordance with a process of natural selection , the humans who first domesticated the big mammals quickly built up immunities to the diseases as within each generation the individuals with better immunities had better chances of survival . In their approximately 10,000 years of shared proximity with animals , such as cows , Eurasians and Africans became more resistant to those diseases compared with the indigenous populations encountered outside Eurasia and Africa . For instance , the population of most Caribbean and several Pacific Islands have been completely wiped out by diseases . 90 % or more of many populations of the Americas were wiped out by European and African diseases before recorded contact with European explorers or colonists . Some cultures like the Inca Empire did have a large domestic mammal , the llama , but llama milk was not drunk , nor did llamas live in a closed space with humans , so the risk of contagion was limited . According to bioarchaeological research , the effects of agriculture on physical and dental health in Southeast Asian rice farming societies from 4000 to 1500 B.P. was not detrimental to the same extent as in other world regions .
We Are the World
On January 12 , 2010 , Haiti was struck by a magnitude - 7.0 earthquake , the country 's most severe earthquake in over 200 years . The epicenter of the quake was just outside the Haitian capital Port - au - Prince . Over 230,000 civilians have been confirmed dead by the Haitian government because of the disaster and around 300,000 have been injured . Approximately 1.2 million people are homeless and it has been reported that the lack of temporary shelter may lead to the outbreak of disease .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
West African Ebola virus epidemic Simplified Ebola virus epidemic situation map Date December 2013 -- June 2016 Casualties Note : current estimates suggest that between 17 percent and 70 percent of Ebola cases were unreported . Country Cases Deaths Last update On 9 June 2016 by WHO Liberia 10,666 4,806 outbreak ended 9 June 2016 Sierra Leone 14,122 3,955 outbreak ended 17 March 2016 Guinea 3,804 2,536 outbreak ended 1 June 2016 Nigeria 20 8 outbreak ended 19 October 2014 Mali 8 6 outbreak ended 18 January 2015 United States outbreak ended 21 December 2014 Italy 0 outbreak ended 20 July 2015 United Kingdom 0 outbreak ended 10 March 2015 Senegal 0 outbreak ended 17 October 2014 Spain 0 outbreak ended 2 December 2014 Total 28,616 11,310 as of 8 May 2016
West African Ebola virus epidemic
On 23 September 2014 , the WHO revised their previous projection , stating that they expected the number of Ebola cases in West Africa to be in excess of 20,000 by 2 November 2014 . They further stated , that if the disease was not adequately contained it could become endemic in Guinea , Sierra Leone and Liberia , `` spreading as routinely as malaria or the flu '' , and according to an editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine , eventually to other parts of Africa and beyond .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
As the epidemic progressed , a small outbreak occurred in Nigeria that resulted in 20 cases and another in Mali with 7 cases . Four other countries ( Senegal , Spain , the United Kingdom and the United States of America ) also reported cases imported from West Africa , with widespread and intense transmission .
G20
In July 2017 , Germany hosted the 2017 Summit . The 2018 Summit will be in Argentina , 2019 in Japan , and 2020 in Saudi Arabia .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
On 25 March 2014 , the WHO reported an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in four southeastern districts of Guinea with a total of 86 suspected cases , including 59 deaths , and MSF assisted the Ministry of Health by establishing Ebola treatment centers in the epicenter of the outbreak . On 31 March , the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) sent a five - person team to assist in the response to the outbreak . Thinking that spread of the virus had been contained , MSF closed its treatment centers in May , leaving only a skeleton staff to handle the Macenta region . However , in late August , large numbers of new cases reappeared in the region .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
In late June 2015 , the WHO reported that `` weekly case incidence has stalled at between 20 and 27 cases since the end of May , whilst cases continue to arise from unknown sources of infection , and to be detected only after post-mortem testing of community deaths '' . On 29 July , a sharp decline in cases was reported , with only a single case left by the end of the week . The number of cases eventually plateaued at 1 or 2 cases per week after the beginning of August , and no new cases occurred from 16 September until 16 October , when 2 new ones were detected -- one of these in Forécariah . On 28 October , an additional 3 cases were reported in the Forécariah Prefecture by the WHO . On 6 November , a report indicated Tana village to be the last known place with Ebola in the country , and on 11 November , WHO indicated that no Ebola cases were reported in Guinea . This was the first time since the epidemic began , that no cases had been reported in any country . On 15 November , the last quarantined individuals were released , and on 17 November , the last Ebola patient in Guinea -- a 3 - week - old baby -- had recovered . The 42 - day countdown toward the country being declared Ebola - free started on 17 November , the day after the patient yielded a second consecutive negative blood test . The patient was discharged from the hospital on 28 November . On 29 December 2015 , upon expiration of the 42 - day waiting period , the WHO declared Guinea Ebola - free . This was an important milestone -- two years after the outbreak began in Guinea in December 2013 .
History of immigration to the United States
After 1630 , the initial areas of settlement had been largely cleared of Native Americans by major outbreaks of measles , smallpox , and bubonic plague beginning decades before the settlers began arriving in large numbers . The leading killer was smallpox , which arrived in the New World around 1510 -- 1530 .