vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Desert
A large part of the surface area of the world 's deserts consists of flat , stone - covered plains dominated by wind erosion . In `` eolian deflation '' , the wind continually removes fine - grained material , which becomes wind - blown sand . This exposes coarser - grained material , mainly pebbles with some larger stones or cobbles , leaving a desert pavement , an area of land overlaid by closely packed smooth stones forming a tessellated mosaic . Different theories exist as to how exactly the pavement is formed . It may be that after the sand and dust is blown away by the wind the stones jiggle themselves into place ; alternatively , stones previously below ground may in some way work themselves to the surface . Very little further erosion takes place after the formation of a pavement , and the ground becomes stable . Evaporation brings moisture to the surface by capillary action and calcium salts may be precipitated , binding particles together to form a desert conglomerate . In time , bacteria that live on the surface of the stones accumulate a film of minerals and clay particles , forming a shiny brown coating known as desert varnish .
Cremation
The appearance of cremated remains after grinding is one of the reasons they are called ashes , although a non-technical term sometimes used is `` cremains '' , a portmanteau of `` cremated '' and `` remains '' . ( The Cremation Association of North America prefers that the word `` cremains '' not be used for referring to `` human cremated remains '' . The reason given is that `` cremains '' is thought to have less connection with the deceased , whereas a loved one 's `` cremated remains '' has a more identifiable human connection . )
Sabbath in Christianity
Seven annual Biblical festivals , called by the name miqra ( `` called assembly '' ) in Hebrew and `` High Sabbath '' in English , serve as supplemental testimonies to Sabbath . These are recorded in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy and do not necessarily occur on the Sabbath . They are observed by Jews and a minority of Christians . Three of them occur in spring : the first and seventh days of Passover , and Pentecost . Four occur in fall , in the seventh month , and are also called Shabbaton : the Feast of Trumpets ; Yom Kippur , `` Sabbath of Sabbaths '' ; and the first and eighth days of Tabernacles . Main
Centrifugal force
In an inertial frame of reference , were it not for this net force acting on the stone , the stone would travel in a straight line , according to Newton 's first law of motion . In order to keep the stone moving in a circular path , a centripetal force , in this case provided by the string , must be continuously applied to the stone . As soon as it is removed ( for example if the string breaks ) the stone moves in a straight line . In this inertial frame , the concept of centrifugal force is not required as all motion can be properly described using only real forces and Newton 's laws of motion .
Grateful Dead
Their numerous studio albums were generally collections of new songs that they had first played in concert . The band was also famous for its extended musical jams , which featured both individual improvisations as well as distinctive `` group - mind '' improvisations during which each of the band members improvised individually while simultaneously blending together as a cohesive musical unit . Musically , this may be illustrated in that the band not only improvised within the form of songs , but also with the form . The Grateful Dead have often been described as having never played the same song the same way twice . The cohesive listening abilities of each band member made for a transcendence of what might be called `` free form '' and improvisation . Their concert sets often blended songs , one into the next ( a segue ) .
The Rite of Spring
In The Firebird , Stravinsky had begun to experiment with bitonality ( the use of two different keys simultaneously ) . He took this technique further in Petrushka , but reserved its full effect for The Rite where , as the analyst E.W. White explains , he `` pushed ( it ) to its logical conclusion '' . White also observes the music 's complex metrical character , with combinations of duple and triple time in which a strong irregular beat is emphasised by powerful percussion . The music critic Alex Ross has described the irregular process whereby Stravinsky adapted and absorbed traditional Russian folk material into the score . He `` proceeded to pulverize them into motivic bits , pile them up in layers , and reassemble them in cubistic collages and montages '' .
Japanese cuisine
The tea ceremony kaiseki ( 懐石 ) is often confounded with another kaiseki - ryōri ( 会席 料理 ) , which is an outgrowth of meals served at a gathering for haiku and renga composition , which turned into a term for sumptuous sake - accompanied banquet , or shuen ( 酒宴 ) .
Dip slope
A dip slope is a topographic ( geomorphic ) surface which slopes in the same direction , and often by the same amount , as the true dip or apparent dip of the underlying strata . A dip slope consists of the upper surface of a resistant layer of rock , often called caprock , that is commonly only slightly lowered and reduced in steepness by erosion . Dip slopes form the backslopes of cuestas , homoclinal ridges , hogbacks , and flatirons . The frontslopes of such ridges consist of either an escarpment , a steep slope , or perhaps even a line of cliffs . Generally , cuestas and homoclinal ridges are asymmetrical in that their dip slopes are less steep than their escarpments . In the case of hogbacks and flatirons , the dip of the rocks is so steep that their dip slope approaches the escarpment in their steepness . The
Ancient Greek architecture
The Ionic Order is recognized by its voluted capital , in which a curved echinus of similar shape to that of the Doric Order , but decorated with stylised ornament , is surmounted by a horizontal band that scrolls under to either side , forming spirals or volutes similar to those of the nautilus shell or ram 's horn . In plan , the capital is rectangular . It is designed to be viewed frontally but the capitals at the corners of buildings are modified with an additional scroll so as to appear regular on two adjoining faces . In the Hellenistic period , four - fronted Ionic capitals became common . The
Holy Chalice
The Holy Chalice is the vessel which in Christian tradition Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve the wine . The vessel is referred to in the synoptic gospels as ποτήριον ( `` cup , drinking vessel '' ) . The celebration of the Eucharist in Christian churches and communities retains the original elements of the Last Supper , the bread and the cup or chalice , with the celebrant using the words of Jesus , as recorded in the Gospels . The Holy Chalice in the form of the Holy Grail became a topos in Arthurian romance in the high medieval period . In Roman Catholic relic veneration of the later medieval period , two artifacts , one kept in Genoa and the other in Valencia , were identified as the Holy Chalice .
Gimme Shelter
In their 2012 50th anniversary tour , the Rolling Stones sang this song with Mary J. Blige , Florence Welch , and Lady Gaga .
Magick (Thelema)
The Tree of Life is a tool used to categorize and organize various mystical concepts . At its most simple level , it is composed of ten spheres , or emanations , called sephiroth ( sing . `` sephira '' ) which are connected by twenty two paths . The sephiroth are represented by the planets and the paths by the characters of the Hebrew alphabet , which are subdivided by the four classical elements , the seven classical planets , and the twelve signs of the Zodiac . Within the western magical tradition , the Tree is used as a kind of conceptual filing cabinet . Each sephira and path is assigned various ideas , such as gods , cards of the Tarot , astrological planets and signs , elements , etc .
Hindu temple
From names to forms , from images to stories carved into the walls of a temple , symbolism is everywhere in a Hindu temple . Life principles such as the pursuit of joy , sex , connection and emotional pleasure ( kama ) are fused into mystical , erotic and architectural forms in Hindu temples . These motifs and principles of human life are part of the sacred texts of Hindu , such as its Upanishads ; the temples express these same principles in a different form , through art and spaces . For example , Brihadaranyaka Upanisad at 4.3. 21 , recites :
Great Pyramid of Giza
On the south side are the subsidiary pyramids , popularly known as Queens ' Pyramids . Three remain standing to nearly full height but the fourth was so ruined that its existence was not suspected until the recent discovery of the first course of stones and the remains of the capstone . Hidden beneath the paving around the pyramid was the tomb of Queen Hetepheres I , sister - wife of Sneferu and mother of Khufu . Discovered by accident by the Reisner expedition , the burial was intact , though the carefully sealed coffin proved to be empty . Group
Elgin Marbles
American actor George Clooney voiced his support for the return by the United Kingdom and reunification of the Parthenon Marbles in Greece , during his promotional campaign for his 2014 film The Monuments Men which retells the story of Allied efforts to save important masterpieces of art and other culturally important items before their destruction by Hitler and the Nazis during World War II . His remarks regarding the Marbles reignited the debate in the United Kingdom about their return to their home country . Public polls were also carried out by newspapers in response to Clooney 's stance on this matter .
Dance
Just as musical rhythms are defined by a pattern of strong and weak beats , so repetitive body movements often depends on alternating `` strong '' and `` weak '' muscular movements . Given this alternation of left - right , of forward - backward and rise - fall , along with the bilateral symmetry of the human body , it is natural that many dances and much music are in duple and quadruple meter . However , since some such movements require more time in one phase than the other - such as the longer time required to lift a hammer than to strike - some dance rhythms fall equally naturally into triple metre . Occasionally , as in the folk dances of the Balkans , dance traditions depend heavily on more complex rhythms . Further , complex dances composed of a fixed sequence of steps always require phrases and melodies of a certain fixed length to accompany that sequence . Lululaund
We Real Cool
Brooks has also gone on the record of saying that the seven pool players in the poem are fighting the establishment with their rebellious actions . She states that the establishment is represented by the month of June . In the same interview Brooks explains how the poem has even been banned in some areas due to the use of the word `` jazz '' due to a perceived sexual nature . Some have interpreted the usage of `` jazz '' to have a sexual reference . However , Brooks said that the interpretation was not her intention ; instead she intended for it to represent music .
Solomon's Temple
Rituals in Freemasonry refer to King Solomon and the building of his Temple . Masonic buildings , where Lodge members meet , are sometimes called ' temples ' ; an allegoric reference to King Solomon 's Temple .
Mauna Kea
Lake Waiau provided drinking water for the workers . Native chiefs would also dip the umbilical cords of newborn babies in its water , to give them the strength of the mountain . Use of the quarry declined between this period and contact with Americans and Europeans . As part of the ritual associated with quarrying , the workers erected shrines to their gods ; these and other quarry artifacts remain at the sites , most of which lie within what is now the Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve .
Mesoamerican ballgame
In the Postclassic period , the Maya began placing vertical stone rings on each side of the court , the object being to pass the ball through one , an innovation that continued into the later Toltec and Aztec cultures .
Stone Mountain
The top of the mountain is a landscape of bare rock and rock pools , and it provides views of the surrounding area including the skyline of downtown Atlanta , often Kennesaw Mountain , and on very clear days even the Appalachian Mountains . On some days , the top of the mountain is shrouded in a heavy fog , and visibility may be limited to only a few feet . The clear freshwater pools on the summit form by rainwater gathering in eroded depressions , and are home to unusual clam shrimp and fairy shrimp . The tiny shrimp appear only during the rainy season . Through the process of cryptobiosis , the tiny shrimp eggs ( or cysts ) can remain dormant for years in the dried out depressions , awaiting favorable conditions . Leaves
The Rite of Spring
Brass and percussion predominate as the `` Ritual of the Rival Tribes '' begins . A tune emerges on tenor and bass tubas , leading after much repetition to the entry of the Sage 's procession . The music then comes to a virtual halt , `` bleached free of colour '' ( Hill ) , as the Sage blesses the earth . The `` Dance of the Earth '' then begins , bringing Part I to a close in a series of phrases of the utmost vigour which are abruptly terminated in what Hill describes as a `` blunt , brutal amputation '' .
Easter Island
The heads of the moai in the quarry are sloped forward whereas the ones moved to final locations are not . This would serve to provide a better centre of gravity for transport . The statues found along the transport roads have wider bases than statues installed on ahu ; this would facilitate more stable transport . Studies have shown fractures along the bases of the statues in transport ; these could have arisen from rocking the statue back and forth and placing great pressures on the edges . The statues found mounted on ahu do not have wide bases and stone chips found at the sites suggest they were further modified on placement . The abandoned and fallen statues near the old roads are found ( more often than would be expected from chance ) face down on ascending grades and on their backs when headed uphill . Some were documented standing upright along the old roads , e.g. , by a party from Captain Cook 's voyage that rested in the shade of a standing statue . This would be consistent with upright transport .
Mass wasting
Movement of soil and regolith that more resembles fluid behavior is called a flow . These include avalanches , mudflows , debris flows , earth flow , lahars and sturzstroms . Water , air and ice are often involved in enabling fluid - like motion of the material .
Heart of the Ocean
Due to The J. Peterman Company 's acquisition of this particular necklace through the sale of props from the film , this design is often referred to as the J. Peterman design , though officially the necklace does not hold this designation . This particular design is another blue cubic zirconia ; however , it is cut into the shape of a heart rather than a trillion cut . The main stone is surrounded by round cut cubic zirconias and features a white round cut stone at the top where it attaches to the chain . The chain is composed of white round cut cubic zirconias , with a larger inverted pear cut cubic zirconia as the bail . This particular design is featured in the film for a brief moment when Caledon retrieves the necklace from his safe during the sinking , this is the only time the necklace is seen on screen . This particular necklace is believed to still be in the possession of the J. Peterman Company .
Hajj
On the same or the following day , the pilgrims re-visit the Sacred Mosque in Mecca for another tawaf , known as Tawaf al - Ifadah , an essential part of Hajj . It symbolizes being in a hurry to respond to God and show love for Him , an obligatory part of the Hajj . The night of the 10th is spent back at Mina .
The Lord of the Rings (film series)
The technicians worked with New Zealand locals to get many of the sounds . They re-recorded sounds in abandoned tunnels for an echo - like effect in the Moria sequence . 20,000 New Zealand cricket fans provided the sound of the Uruk - hai army in The Two Towers , with Jackson acting as conductor during the innings break of a one - day international cricket match between England and New Zealand at Westpac Stadium . They spent time recording sounds in a graveyard at night , and also had construction workers drop stone blocks for the sounds of boulders firing and landing in The Return of the King . Mixing took place between August and November at `` The Film Mix '' , before Jackson commissioned the building of a new studio in 2003 . The building , however , had not yet been fully completed when they started mixing for The Return of the King .
On to the Next One
The video is highly surreal . It is shot in black - and - white , and at a 4 : 3 aspect ratio . The people , symbols , and characters in the video seem to be wearing black and white colors to coincide with the video . There are split second scenes while there are somewhat of an abundance of biblical references in it . Throughout the video , there are crucifixes , angelic symbols , a skull reminiscent of Damien Hirst 's famous sculpture For the Love of God and often Baphomet . During part of the music video , the music stops , and the audience sees producer Swizz Beatz with his back to them as he seemingly makes the symbol with his coat by raising his hands . JAY - Z appears wearing a leather jacket and sunglasses . There is a cameo appearance by Colin Bailey , better known as Drums of Death , who is known for his skull face paint . In the video , Bailey appears to be perplexed , confused , and / or mad . At approximately three minutes and thirty nine seconds into the video , there are two bullets on either side of a crucifix . Rapper Young Jeezy also makes a cameo in the video .
Precambrian
The Precambrian ( or Pre-Cambrian , sometimes abbreviated pЄ , or Cryptozoic ) is the earliest part of Earth 's history , set before the current Phanerozoic Eon . The Precambrian is so named because it preceded the Cambrian , the first period of the Phanerozoic eon , which is named after Cambria , the Latinised name for Wales , where rocks from this age were first studied . The Precambrian accounts for 88 % of the Earth 's geologic time .
Curling
The stone is placed in front of the foot now in the hack . Rising slightly from the hack , the thrower pulls the stone back ( some older curlers may actually raise the stone in this backward movement ) then lunges smoothly out from the hack pushing the stone ahead while the slider foot is moved in front of the gripper foot , which trails behind . The thrust from this lunge determines the weight and hence the distance the stone will travel . While not compulsory , most curlers deliver the stone while sliding out from the hack . Balance may be assisted by a broom held in the free hand with the back of the broom down so that it slides . One older writer suggests the player keep `` a basilisk glance '' at the mark .
Apollo
The connection with the Dorians and their initiation festival apellai is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars . The family - festival was dedicated to Apollo ( Doric : Ἀπέλλων ) . Apellaios is the month of these rites , and Apellon is the `` megistos kouros '' ( the great Kouros ) . However it can explain only the Doric type of the name , which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word `` pella '' ( Pella ) , stone . Stones played an important part in the cult of the god , especially in the oracular shrine of Delphi ( Omphalos ) .
Cool jazz
George Shearing 's quintet , which used a more subtle bebop style , also influenced cool 's development . Both Thelonious Monk and Dizzy Gillespie praised Shearing 's approach .
Matterhorn
100 million years ago the extension of the Tethys Ocean stopped and the Apulian plate broke from Gondwana and moved toward the European continent . This resulted in the closure of the western Tethys by subduction under the Apulian plate ( with the Piemont - Liguria Ocean first and Valais Ocean later ) . The subduction of the oceanic crust left traces still visible today at the base of the Matterhorn ( accretionary prism ) . The orogeny itself began after the end of the oceanic subduction when the European continental crust collided with the Apulian continent , resulting in the formation of nappes . The Matterhorn acquired its characteristic pyramidal shape in much more recent times as it was caused by natural erosion over the past million years . At the beginning of alpine orogeny , the Matterhorn was only a rounded mountain like a hill . Because its height is above the snowline , its flanks are covered by ice , resulting from the accumulation and compaction of snow . During the warmer period of summer , part of the ice melts and seeps into the bedrock . When it freezes again , it fractures pieces of rock because of its dilatation ( freeze - thaw ) , forming a cirque . Four cirques led to the shape of the mountain . Because of its recognizable shape , many other similar mountains around the world were named or nicknamed the ' Matterhorn ' of their respective countries or mountain ranges .
We Belong Together
As Carey , now dry and clothed , is shown in another scenario following the dressing scene , a still of Carey and Miller in the video for `` It 's like That '' is shown , during the lyrics `` I ca n't sleep at night / When you are on my mind '' . After several other scenes of Carey dressed in the purple gown and white shirt are interspersed , the altar is displayed , where before being ordained by the minister , Carey looks into her ex-lover's eyes once more . She turns to Roberts , and begins running towards Miller , leaving the reception . As the song 's climax is reached , Carey and Miller are shown running from the reception , as the guests stand up in awe , and watch the pair leave . Carey , dressed in the white shirt , is shown with growing anticipation , crying to the camera and moving her hands and hair . Back at the wedding scene , Carey and her lover get into his vehicle , and drive away as her 27 - foot train hangs behind the car . The video was nominated for `` Best R&B Video '' and `` Best Female Video '' at the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards .
What's that got to do with the...?
A related expression in Hebrew can be found in a commentary on the Biblical commandment of the septennial sabbatical year . Leviticus 25 : 1 specifically states that God spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai ; while this was a common location for God to speak to Moses , the text 's explicit reference to it is very rare . Accordingly , Rashi 's commentary begins with the question `` What is the connection between Shmita and Mount Sinai ? '' ( ? מה עניין שמיטה אצל הר סיני ) The question has since taken on a general meaning equivalent to that of the `` price of tea in China '' expression .
Olmec
Some of the heads , and many other monuments , have been variously mutilated , buried and disinterred , reset in new locations and / or reburied . Some monuments , and at least two heads , were recycled or recarved , but it is not known whether this was simply due to the scarcity of stone or whether these actions had ritual or other connotations . Scholars believe that some mutilation had significance beyond mere destruction , but some scholars still do not rule out internal conflicts or , less likely , invasion as a factor .