vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Autophagy
New developments in research have found that targeted autophagy may be a viable therapeutic solution in fighting cancer . As discussed above , autophagy plays both a role in tumor suppression and tumor cell survival . Thus , the qualities of autophagy can be used as a strategy for cancer prevention . The first strategy is to induce autophagy and enhance its tumor suppression attributes . The second strategy is to inhibit autophagy and thus induce apoptosis .
West African Ebola virus epidemic
No proven Ebola virus - specific treatment presently exists ; however , measures can be taken to improve a patient 's chances of survival . Ebola symptoms may begin as early as two days or as long as 21 days after one is exposed to the virus . They usually begin with a sudden influenza - like illness characterized by feeling tired , fever , and pain in the muscles and joints . Later symptoms may include headache , nausea , and abdominal pain . This is often followed by severe vomiting and diarrhoea . In past outbreaks , it has been noted that some patients bleed internally and / or externally ; however data published in October 2014 showed that this had been a rare symptom in the West African outbreak . Another study published in October 2014 suggested that a person 's genetic makeup may play a major role in determining how an infected person 's body reacts to the disease , with some infected people experiencing mild or no symptoms while others progress to a very severe stage that includes massive bleeding .
Cristiano Ronaldo
In 2012 , Ronaldo and his agent paid for specialist treatment for a nine - year - old Canarian boy with apparently terminal cancer . In November 2012 , Ronaldo sold the golden boot he had won in 2011 for € 1.5 million and gave the money to fund schools for children in Gaza . In December 2012 , Ronaldo joined FIFA 's ' 11 for Health ' programme to raise awareness amongst kids of how to steer clear of conditions including drug addiction , HIV , malaria and obesity .
Apoptosis
Many viruses encode proteins that can inhibit apoptosis . Several viruses encode viral homologs of Bcl - 2 . These homologs can inhibit proapoptotic proteins such as BAX and BAK , which are essential for the activation of apoptosis . Examples of viral Bcl - 2 proteins include the Epstein - Barr virus BHRF1 protein and the adenovirus E1B 19K protein . Some viruses express caspase inhibitors that inhibit caspase activity and an example is the CrmA protein of cowpox viruses . Whilst a number of viruses can block the effects of TNF and Fas . For example , the M - T2 protein of myxoma viruses can bind TNF preventing it from binding the TNF receptor and inducing a response . Furthermore , many viruses express p53 inhibitors that can bind p53 and inhibit its transcriptional transactivation activity . As a consequence , p53 can not induce apoptosis , since it can not induce the expression of proapoptotic proteins . The adenovirus E1B - 55K protein and the hepatitis B virus HBx protein are examples of viral proteins that can perform such a function .
United States
On October 25 , 2017 , Vice President Mike Pence announced at a In Defense of Christians annual dinner meeting in Washington that the United States would stop funding United Nations relief efforts , cases tackling the persecution of Christians in the Middle East , but insisted that the U.S. would instead help and aid Christians directly through the United States Agency for International Development . Pence said that he will be visiting the Middle East in December and will meet with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas to discuss peace agreements .
Antigen-presenting cell
APCs naturally have a role in fighting tumors , via stimulation of B and cytotoxic T cells to respectively produce antibodies against tumor - related antigen and kill malignant cells . Dendritic cells , presenting tumor - specific antigen to T cells , are key to this process . Cancer therapies have included treating the patient with increased numbers of dendritic cells or cancer - specific T cells . However , newer therapies have turned to genetically engineered artificial antigen - presenting cells designed to prime the immune system to attack malignant cells . Some artificial APCs are derived from human cells ; others are acellular , containing MHC proteins , co-stimulatory molecules and the necessary peptides .
Over-the-counter drug
In the United Kingdom , it was announced In February 2007 , that Boots the Chemist would try over-the - counter sales of Viagra in stores in Manchester , England ( previous available as prescription only ) . Men aged between 30 and 65 could have bought four tablets after a consultation with a pharmacist .
Statin
Statins are perhaps the most widely prescribed drug - type , and related patents are beginning to expire .
Plastic bottle
PVC has poor resistance to high temperatures and will distort at 160 ° F ( 71 ° C ) , making it incompatible with hot - filled products . It has attained notoriety in recent years due to potential health risks . Post-consumer resin ( PCR ) PCR is a blend of reclaimed natural HDPE ( primarily from milk and water containers ) and virgin resin . The recycled material is cleaned , ground and recompounded into uniform pellets along with prime virgin material especially designed to build up environmental stress crack resistance . PCR has no odor but exhibits a slight yellow tint in its natural state . This tint can be hidden by the addition of color . PCR is easily processed and inexpensive . However , it can not come into direct contact with food or pharmaceutical products . PCR can be produced in a variety of recycled content percentages up to 100 % . K - Resin ( SBC ) SBC is a highly transparent , high - gloss , impact - resistance resin . K - Resin , a styrene derivative , is processed on polyethylene equipment . It is specifically incompatible with fats and unsaturated oils or solvents . This material is frequently used for display and point - of - purchase packaging .
Corazon Aquino
On March 24 , 2008 , Aquino 's family announced that the former President had been diagnosed with colorectal cancer . Upon her being earlier informed by her doctors that she had only three months to live , she pursued medical treatment and chemotherapy . A series of healing Masses for Aquino ( a devout Catholic ) were held throughout the country intended for her recovery . In a public statement during one healing Mass on May 13 , 2008 , Aquino said that her blood tests indicated that she was responding well to treatment ; her hair and appetite loss were apparent .
Den Watts
After this storyline the programme started to appear in newspaper cartoons as it moved more and more into the public mainstream . One such cartoon showed the British Prime Minister , Margaret Thatcher , telling her cabinet that the best way to alert the country to the dangers of AIDS was to give the disease to Den .
Herpes simplex
Evidence supports the use of acyclovir and valacyclovir in the treatment of herpes labialis as well as herpes infections in people with cancer . The evidence to support the use of acyclovir in primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is weaker .
Ben & Jerry's
In May 2017 , Ben and Jerry 's announced they would not serve two scoops of the same ice cream flavor in Australia , due to the refusal of the Australian government to legalize same - sex marriage . They said this would encourage `` fans to contact their MP 's to tell them the time has come - make marriage equality legal ! '' . This stance they said will continue for however long it takes for same - sex marriage to be legalized .
Rainbow
Rainbow flags have been used for centuries . It was a symbol of the Cooperative movement in the German Peasants ' War in the 16th century , of peace in Italy , and of gay pride and LGBT social movements since the 1970s . In 1994 , Archbishop Desmond Tutu and President Nelson Mandela described newly democratic post-apartheid South Africa as the rainbow nation . The rainbow has even been used in technology product logos including the Apple computer logo . Many political alliances spanning multiple political parties have called themselves a `` Rainbow Coalition '' .
Scabies
The elderly , disabled , and people with an impaired immune system , such as HIV , cancer , or those on immunosuppressive medications , are susceptible to crusted scabies ( formerly called Norwegian scabies ) . On those with weaker immune systems , the host becomes a more fertile breeding ground for the mites , which spread over the host 's body , except the face . The mites in crusted scabies are not more virulent than in noncrusted scabies ; however , they are much more numerous ( up to two million ) . People with crusted scabies exhibit scaly rashes , slight itching , and thick crusts of skin that contain the large numbers of scabies mites . Due to being infected thusly , persons with crusted scabies are more contagious to other persons . Such areas make eradication of mites particularly difficult , as the crusts protect the mites from topical miticides / scabicides , necessitating prolonged treatment of these areas .
Virus
Current trends in nanotechnology promise to make much more versatile use of viruses . From the viewpoint of a materials scientist , viruses can be regarded as organic nanoparticles . Their surface carries specific tools designed to cross the barriers of their host cells . The size and shape of viruses , and the number and nature of the functional groups on their surface , is precisely defined . As such , viruses are commonly used in materials science as scaffolds for covalently linked surface modifications . A particular quality of viruses is that they can be tailored by directed evolution . The powerful techniques developed by life sciences are becoming the basis of engineering approaches towards nanomaterials , opening a wide range of applications far beyond biology and medicine .
Vitamin A deficiency
Since NIDs provide only one dose per year , NIDs - linked vitamin A distribution must be complemented by other dose programs to maintain vitamin A in children Maternal high supplementation benefits both mother and breast - fed infant : high - dose vitamin A supplementation of the lactating mother in the first month postpartum can provide the breast - fed infant with an appropriate amount of vitamin A through breast milk . However , high - dose supplementation of pregnant women should be avoided because it can cause miscarriage and birth defects . Food fortification is also useful for improving VAD . A variety of oily and dry forms of the retinol esters , retinyl acetates and retinyl palmitate are available for food fortification of vitamin A. Margarine and oil are the ideal food vehicles for vitamin A fortification . They protect vitamin A from oxidation during storage and prompt absorption of vitamin A. Beta - carotene and retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate are used as a form of vitamin A for vitamin A fortification of fat - based foods . Fortification of sugar with retinyl palmitate as a form of vitamin A has been used extensively throughout Central America . Cereal flours , milk powder , and liquid milk are also used as food vehicles for vitamin A fortification . Genetic engineering is another method of food fortification , and this has been achieved with golden rice , but opposition to genetically modified foods has prevented its use as of July 2012 . Dietary diversification can also control VAD . Non-animal sources of vitamin A which contain pre-formed vitamin A account for greater than 80 % of intake for most individuals in the developing world . The increase in consumption of vitamin A-rich foods of animal origin in addition to fruits and vegetables has beneficial effects on VAD . Researchers at the Agricultural Research Service have been able to identify genetic sequences in corn that are associated with higher levels of beta - carotene , the precursor to vitamin A. They found that breeders can cross certain variations of corn to produce a crop with an 18-fold increase in beta - carotene . Such advancements in nutritional plant breeding could one day aid in the illnesses related to VAD in developing countries .
Virus
Reverse transcribing viruses These have ssRNA ( Retroviridae , Metaviridae , Pseudoviridae ) or dsDNA ( Caulimoviridae , and Hepadnaviridae ) in their particles . Reverse transcribing viruses with RNA genomes ( retroviruses ) , use a DNA intermediate to replicate , whereas those with DNA genomes ( pararetroviruses ) use an RNA intermediate during genome replication . Both types use a reverse transcriptase , or RNA - dependent DNA polymerase enzyme , to carry out the nucleic acid conversion . Retroviruses integrate the DNA produced by reverse transcription into the host genome as a provirus as a part of the replication process ; pararetroviruses do not , although integrated genome copies of especially plant pararetroviruses can give rise to infectious virus . They are susceptible to antiviral drugs that inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme , e.g. zidovudine and lamivudine . An example of the first type is HIV , which is a retrovirus . Examples of the second type are the Hepadnaviridae , which includes Hepatitis B virus .
Extinction
Treponema pallidum pertenue , a bacterium which causes the disease yaws , is in the process of being eradicated .
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Nucleic acid amplification tests ( NAATs ) , direct fluorescein tests ( DFA ) , and enzyme - linked immunosorbent assays ( ELISA ) are highly sensitive tests that can identify specific pathogens present . Serology testing for antibodies is not as useful since the presence of the microorganisms in healthy people can confound interpreting the antibody titer levels , although antibody levels can indicate whether an infection is recent or long - term .
Health care in the United States
As in most other countries , the manufacture and production of pharmaceuticals and medical devices is carried out by private companies . The research and development of medical devices and pharmaceuticals is supported by both public and private sources of funding . In 2003 , research and development expenditures were approximately $95 billion with $40 billion coming from public sources and $55 billion coming from private sources . These investments into medical research have made the United States the leader in medical innovation , measured either in terms of revenue or the number of new drugs and devices introduced . In 2006 , the United States accounted for three quarters of the world 's biotechnology revenues and 82 % of world R&D spending in biotechnology . According to multiple international pharmaceutical trade groups , the high cost of patented drugs in the U.S. has encouraged substantial reinvestment in such research and development . Though PPACA , also known as Obamacare or ACA , will force industry to sell medicine at a cheaper price . Due to this , it is possible budget cuts will be made on research and development of human health and medicine in America . Reference behind paywall
1000 Ways to Die (season 1)
Title reference : Play - on words to the saying `` Cure for the Common Cold '' .
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Ask the Expert - Based upon `` Three Wise Men '' , this lifeline provided the contestant with one person , an expert selected for them , to help them with the question . Unlike its predeccesor , this lifeline had no time limit on its use , but was only available after the fifth question ; after `` Phone a Friend '' was removed , it was made readily available at anytime in the game . In the US version , the lifeline was sponsored by Skype for its live audio and video feeds . In the Hong Kong edition , it replaced the `` Phone a Friend '' lifeline for one - off special in 2001 and for two celebrity specials in 2018 , though with the celebrity contestants able to ask a panel of experts for help , present in the audience , all of whom had the question and possible answers visible to them . Ask One of the Audience - Used in the German version of the show , this lifeline was designed for use as part of its `` Risk Mode '' format . When used , the contestant selects someone from the audience , whereupon the host rereads the question and the possible answers and asks them to chose one . If the contestant goes for the answer they chose and it proves correct , the audience member is given a small cash prize in return . This lifeline was implemented as part of the Costa Rican version , but made available after passing the first safety net , while in the thirteenth series of US version , a variant of this lifeline was introduced called `` Plus One '' , in which a contestant could bring a companion in to help them , rather than select someone from the audience . Ask Three of the Audience - Used in the Vietnamese version of the show , this lifeline was designed for use as part of its Original format . When used , the contestant selects three from the audience , whereupon the host rereads the question and the possible answers and asks them to chose one . If the contestant goes for the answer they chose and it proves correct , the audience member is given a small cash prize in return . This lifeline was implemented as part of the Vietnamese version , but made available after passing the 5th question . Jump the Question - Used in the US version of the show , as part of the `` Shuffle Format '' , from the start of the ninth season to the end of thirteenth season .
CCR5
CCR5 Δ32 is a 32 - base - pair deletion that introduces a premature stop codon into the CCR5 receptor locus , resulting in a nonfunctional receptor . CCR5 is required for M - tropic HIV - 1 virus entry . Individuals homozygous for CCR5 Δ32 do not express functional CCR5 receptors on their cell surfaces and are resistant to HIV - 1 infection , despite multiple high - risk exposures . Individuals heterozygous for the mutant allele have a greater than 50 % reduction in functional CCR5 receptors on their cell surfaces due to dimerization between mutant and wild - type receptors that interferes with transport of CCR5 to the cell surface . Heterozygote carriers are resistant to HIV - 1 infection relative to wild types and when infected , heterozygotes exhibit reduced viral loads and a 2 - 3 - year - slower progression to AIDS relative to wild types . Heterozygosity for this mutant allele also has shown to improve one 's virological response to anti-retroviral treatment . CCR5 Δ32 has an ( heterozygote ) allele frequency of 10 % in Europe , and a homozygote frequency of 1 % .
Great Barrier Reef
The Australian Federal Government announced on 13 November that there would now be a ban on the dumping of dredge spoil in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park . The World Heritage Committee asked Environment Minister Greg Hunt to investigate alternative options to dump on land instead . The Queensland government and the Commonwealth have now accepted the alternative option and advice from The World Heritage Committee and will now commence dumping on land .
Extinction
Dracunculus medinensis , a parasitic worm which causes the disease dracunculiasis , is now close to eradication thanks to efforts led by the Carter Center .
No Man's Sky
The game 's first major content patch , called the `` Foundation Update '' , was released in November 2016 and added the ability for planet - side base - building , interstellar freighter purchases with similar base - building customisation , as well as an open Creative mode . It also includes a Survival mode , which reduces the availability of resources and makes encounters with hostiles more difficult , and makes various other improvements .
Lyme disease
New vaccines are being researched using outer surface protein C ( OspC ) and glycolipoprotein as methods of immunization . Vaccines have been formulated and approved for prevention of Lyme disease in dogs . Currently , three Lyme disease vaccines are available . LymeVax , formulated by Fort Dodge Laboratories , contains intact dead spirochetes which expose the host to the organism . Galaxy Lyme , Intervet - Schering - Plough 's vaccine , targets proteins OspC and OspA . The OspC antibodies kill any of the bacteria that have not been killed by the OspA antibodies . Canine Recombinant Lyme , formulated by Merial , generates antibodies against the OspA protein so a tick feeding on a vaccinated dog draws in blood full of anti-OspA antibodies , which kill the spirochetes in the tick 's gut before they are transmitted to the dog .
At This Moment
A cover version was recorded by country music singer Neal McCoy on his 1990 debut album , also titled At This Moment . McCoy 's version was released as a single , but did not chart . Another cover version of the song appears on Michael Bublé 's 2009 album , Crazy Love . The song has gone on to become a modern standard with dozens of covers , including Tom Jones , Freda Payne , Danny Boone , Arthur Prysock , Wayne Newton , blues singer Little Milton and soul singer Will Downing . Seth MacFarlane also sang the song 's opening lines in the character of Brian Griffin in the Family Guy episode `` Brian the Bachelor '' , as well as in the title character in the 2015 film , Ted 2 .
Primate
In Asia , Hinduism , Buddhism , and Islam prohibit eating primate meat ; however , primates are still hunted for food . Some smaller traditional religions allow the consumption of primate meat . The pet trade and traditional medicine also increase demand for illegal hunting . The rhesus macaque , a model organism , was protected after excessive trapping threatened its numbers in the 1960s ; the program was so effective that they are now viewed as a pest throughout their range . The
Herpes simplex
Herpes is contracted through direct contact with an active lesion or body fluid of an infected person . Herpes transmission occurs between discordant partners ; a person with a history of infection ( HSV seropositive ) can pass the virus to an HSV seronegative person . Herpes simplex virus 2 is typically contracted through direct skin - to - skin contact with an infected individual , but can also be contracted by exposure to infected saliva , semen , vaginal fluid , or the fluid from herpetic blisters . To infect a new individual , HSV travels through tiny breaks in the skin or mucous membranes in the mouth or genital areas . Even microscopic abrasions on mucous membranes are sufficient to allow viral entry .
Herpes simplex
Neonatal herpes simplex is a HSV infection in an infant . It is a rare but serious condition , usually caused by vertical transmission of HSV - 1 or - 2 ) from mother to newborn . During immunodeficiency , herpes simplex can cause unusual lesions in the skin . One of the most striking is the appearance of clean linear erosions in skin creases , with the appearance of a knife cut . Herpetic sycosis is a recurrent or initial herpes simplex infection affecting primarily the hair follicles . Eczema herpeticum is an infection with herpesvirus in patients with chronic atopic dermatitis may result in spread of herpes simples throughout the eczematous areas .
Herpes simplex
However , asymptomatic carriers of the HSV - 2 virus are still contagious . In many infections , the first symptom people will have of their own infections is the horizontal transmission to a sexual partner or the vertical transmission of neonatal herpes to a newborn at term . Since most asymptomatic individuals are unaware of their infection , they are considered at high risk for spreading HSV .