vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Joseph McCarthy
During the 1952 presidential election , the Eisenhower campaign toured Wisconsin with McCarthy . In a speech delivered in Green Bay , Eisenhower declared that while he agreed with McCarthy 's goals , he disagreed with his methods . In draft versions of his speech , Eisenhower had also included a strong defense of his mentor , George Marshall , which was a direct rebuke of McCarthy 's frequent attacks . However , under the advice of conservative colleagues who were fearful that Eisenhower could lose Wisconsin if he alienated McCarthy supporters , he deleted this defense from later versions of his speech . The deletion was discovered by William H. Laurence , a reporter for The New York Times , and featured on its front page the next day . Eisenhower was widely criticized for giving up his personal convictions , and the incident became the low point of his campaign .
Reichstag fire
Under cross-examination at the Nuremberg trial in 1945 / 6 , Göring was read Halder 's affidavit and denied he had any involvement in the fire , characterizing Halder 's statement as `` utter nonsense '' . Göring stated :
Cold War
The first use of the term to describe the specific post-war geopolitical confrontation between the USSR and the United States came in a speech by Bernard Baruch , an influential advisor to Democratic presidents , on 16 April 1947 . The speech , written by journalist Herbert Bayard Swope , proclaimed , `` Let us not be deceived : we are today in the midst of a cold war . '' Newspaper columnist Walter Lippmann gave the term wide currency with his book The Cold War ; when asked in 1947 about the source of the term , Lippmann traced it to a French term from the 1930s , la guerre froide .
Erwin Rommel
The invasion began on 10 May 1940 with the bombardment of Rotterdam . By the third day Rommel and the advance elements of his division , together with a detachment of the 5th Panzer Division under Colonel Hermann Werner , had reached the River Meuse , where they found the bridges had already been destroyed ( Guderian and Reinhardt reached the river on the same day ) . Rommel was active in the forward areas , directing the efforts to make a crossing , which were initially unsuccessful due to suppressive fire by the French on the other side of the river . Rommel brought up tanks and flak units to provide counter-fire and had nearby houses set on fire to create a smokescreen . He sent infantry across in rubber boats , appropriated the bridging tackle of the 5th Panzer Division , personally grabbed a light machine gun to fight off a French counterattack supported by tanks , and went into the water himself , encouraging the sappers and helping lash together the pontoons . By 16 May Rommel reached Avesnes , and contravening all orders and doctrine , he pressed on to Cateau . That night , the French II Army Corps was shattered and on 17 May , Rommel 's forces took 10,000 prisoners , losing 36 men in the process . He was surprised to find out only his vanguard had followed his tempestuous surge . The High Command and Hitler had been extremely nervous about his disappearance , although they awarded him the Knight 's Cross . Rommel 's ( and Guderian 's ) successes and the new possibilities offered by the new tank arm were welcomed by a small number of generals , but worried and paralysed the rest . Battle
John Steinbeck
In 1943 , Steinbeck served as a World War II war correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune and worked with the Office of Strategic Services ( predecessor of the CIA ) . It was at that time he became friends with Will Lang , Jr. of Time / Life magazine . During the war , Steinbeck accompanied the commando raids of Douglas Fairbanks , Jr. 's Beach Jumpers program , which launched small - unit diversion operations against German - held islands in the Mediterranean . At one point , he accompanied Fairbanks on an invasion of an island off the coast of Italy and helped capture Italian and German prisoners , using a Tommy Gun . Some of his writings from this period were incorporated in the documentary Once There Was a War ( 1958 ) .
Erwin Rommel
Rommel denied involvement in the plot , declared his love for Hitler and that he would gladly serve his `` Fatherland '' again . Der Spiegel takes notice of the fact that he was talking to his messengers of death and some would claim that he was acting out of helpless defense ( although Der Spiegel thought his love for Hitler felt sincere ) while Remy suggests that Rommel was trying in some way to apologize to Hitler , towards whom he had conflicting emotions , which Ernst Maisel realized and found `` disgusting '' and `` a hypocrisy '' , because Maisel ( a loyal , unapologetic Hitler supporter , even after the war ) could not understand how someone could try to kill someone he loved ( Rommel 's previous replies about his role in the attempt made Maisel believe that he was part of the plot ) .
List of Attack on Titan characters
Willy Tybur ( ヴィリー ・ タイバー , Virī Taibā ) The patriarch of the most elite Eldian family in Marley who are highly influential , Willy 's family are the true rulers of Marley who orchestrated the downfall of the Eldian Empire with Karl Fritz ages ago . While a pacifist , Willy shares his family 's disdain towards Fritz 's methods in the segregation of the Eldians from Paradis island . While publicly revealing his family 's true history and indifference to Marley 's decline , Willy express full intentions of seizing the resources of Paradis Island . Claiming to have inherited the power of the Warhammer Titan ( 戦 槌 の 巨人 , Sentsui no Kyojin ) that was kept in his bloodline for years , Willy shared his family 's preference of using its power for the sake of maintaining peace . But Willy 's younger sister is revealed to be the true Warhammer Titan after Willy was killed when Eren attacked Marley 's war declaration rally , the girl killed and eaten by Eren after their battle .
Lithuania
In July 1918 , resisting the plans of those who welcomed the annexation by Germany the Council of Lithuania elected Prince Wilhelm of Urach , Count of Württemberg , as King of Lithuania , with a regnal name of Mindaugas II . However , following the capitulation of Germany in November 1918 , the idea of the monarchy was abandoned , leaving the question about the ruling system to the constituent assembly . Lithuanian
Cold War
In Chile , the Socialist Party candidate Salvador Allende won the presidential election of 1970 , becoming the first democratically elected Marxist to become president of a country in the Americas . The CIA targeted Allende for removal and operated to undermine his support domestically , which contributed to a period of unrest culminating in General Augusto Pinochet 's coup d'état on 11 September 1973 . Pinochet consolidated power as a military dictator , Allende 's reforms of the economy were rolled back , and leftist opponents were killed or detained in internment camps under the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional ( DINA ) . The Pinochet regime would go on to be one of the leading participants in Operation Condor , an international campaign of political assassination and state terrorism organized by right - wing military dictatorships in the Southern Cone of South America that was covertly supported by the US government . Henry
Erwin Rommel
While certainly much less proficient than Rommel in their leadership , aggressiveness , tactical outlook and mobile warfare skills , Italian commanders were competent in logistics , strategy and artillery doctrine : their troops were ill - equipped but well - trained . As such , the Italian commanders were repeatedly at odds with Rommel over concerns with issues of supply . Field Marshal Kesselring was assigned Supreme Commander Mediterranean , at least in part to alleviate command problems between Rommel and the Italians . This effort resulted only in partial success , with Kesselring 's own relationship with the Italians being unsteady and Kesselring claiming Rommel ignored him as easily as he ignored the Italians . Rommel often went directly to Hitler with his needs and concerns , taking advantage of the favoritism that the Führer displayed towards him and adding to the distrust that Kesselring and the German High Command already had of him .
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels Engels in 1877 , in Brighton , by William Hall 28 November 1820 Barmen , Kingdom of Prussia 5 August 1895 ( 1895 - 08 - 05 ) ( aged 74 ) London , England Nationality German Education Gymnasium zu Elberfeld ( de ) ( withdrew ) Alma mater University of Berlin ( no degree ) Notable work The Condition of the Working Class in England , Anti-Dühring , Socialism : Utopian and Scientific , The German Ideology Era 19th - century philosophy Region Western philosophy School Marxism Dialectical materialism Historical materialism Main interests Political philosophy , economics , class struggle , criticism of capitalism Notable ideas Alienation and exploitation of the worker , historical materialism Influences ( show ) Hegel , Feuerbach , Stirner , Smith , Ricardo , Marx , Rousseau , Goethe , Fourier , Hess , Morgan , Heraclitus Influenced ( show ) List of Marxists Signature
Anthony Eden
Eden , drawing on his experience in the 1930s , saw Nasser as another Mussolini , considering the two men aggressive nationalist socialists determined to invade other countries . Others believed that Nasser was acting from legitimate patriotic concerns and the nationalisation was determined by the Foreign Office to be deliberately provocative but not illegal . The Attorney General , Sir Reginald Manningham - Buller , was not asked for his opinion officially but made his view that the government 's contemplated armed strike against Egypt would be unlawful known through the Lord Chancellor .
Anthony Eden
Eden 's worldwide reputation as an opponent of appeasement , a `` man of peace '' , and a skilled diplomat was overshadowed in 1956 when the United States refused to support the Anglo - French military response to the Suez Crisis , which critics across party lines regarded as an historic setback for British foreign policy , signalling the end of British predominance in the Middle East . Most historians argue that he made a series of blunders , especially not realising the depth of American opposition to military action . Two months after ordering an end to the Suez operation , he resigned as Prime Minister on grounds of ill health and because he was widely suspected of having misled the House of Commons over the degree of collusion with France and Israel .
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
The next day , Wonka announces that he hid five `` Golden Tickets '' in chocolate Wonka Bars . Finders of the tickets will receive a factory tour and a lifetime supply of chocolate . The first four tickets are found by the gluttonous Augustus Gloop , the spoiled Veruca Salt , the gum - chewing Violet Beauregarde , and the television - obsessed Mike Teevee . As each winner is announced on TV , a man whispers to them . Charlie opens two Wonka Bars but finds no Golden Ticket . The newspapers announce the fifth ticket was found by a millionaire in Paraguay causing Charlie to lose hope . The next day , Charlie finds money in a sewer and uses it to buy a Scrumdiddlyumptious bar . With the change , he buys another Wonka Bar for Joe . Walking home , as Charlie hears people reading the newspapers ; revealing that the Paraguayan millionaire 's ticket is a fake , he opens the Wonka Bar and finds the fifth golden ticket . While rushing home , he encounters the same man seen whispering to the other winners , who introduces himself as Slugworth and offers a reward for a sample of Wonka 's latest creation , the Everlasting Gobstopper .
North Pole
The first consistent , verified , and scientifically convincing attainment of the Pole was on 12 May 1926 , by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his US sponsor Lincoln Ellsworth from the airship Norge . Norge , though Norwegian - owned , was designed and piloted by the Italian Umberto Nobile . The flight started from Svalbard in Norway , and crossed the Arctic Ocean to Alaska . Nobile , with several scientists and crew from the Norge , overflew the Pole a second time on 24 May 1928 , in the airship Italia . The Italia crashed on its return from the Pole , with the loss of half the crew .
Erwin Rommel
Rommel received both praise and criticism for his leadership during the French campaign . Many , such as General Georg Stumme , who had previously commanded 7th Panzer Division , were impressed with the speed and success of Rommel 's drive . Others were reserved or critical : Kluge , the commanding officer , argued that Rommel 's decisions were impulsive and that he claimed too much credit , by falsifying diagrams or not acknowledging contributions of other units , especially the Luftwaffe . Some pointed out that Rommel 's division took the highest casualties in the campaign . Others point out that in exchange for 2,160 casualties and 42 tanks , it captured more than 100,000 prisoners and destroyed nearly two divisions ' worth of enemy tanks ( about 450 tanks ) , vehicles and guns .
The Red Badge of Courage
By substituting epithets for characters ' names ( `` the youth '' , `` the tattered soldier '' ) , Crane injects an allegorical quality into his work , making his characters point to a specific characteristic of man . There have been numerous interpretations concerning hidden meanings within The Red Badge of Courage . Beginning with Robert W. Stallman 's 1968 Crane biography , several critics have explored the novel in terms of Christian allegory . In particular , the death of Henry Fleming 's Christ - like friend , Jim Conklin , is noted for evidence of this reading , as well as the concluding sentence of chapter nine , which refers to the sun as `` fierce wafer '' in the sky . John Berryman was one of the first critics to interpret the novel as a modern wasteland through which the protagonist plays the role of an Everyman . Still others read the novel as having a Naturalist structure , comparing the work to those by Theodore Dreiser , Frank Norris and Jack London .
Compact Cassette
In 1962 , Philips invented the Compact Cassette medium for audio storage , introducing it in Europe on 30 August 1963 at the Berlin Radio Show , and in the United States ( under the Norelco brand ) in November 1964 , with the trademark name Compact Cassette . The team at Philips was led by Lou Ottens in Hasselt , Belgium .
Erwin Rommel
Other authors argue that generosity to opponents was a natural trait of the man , like Claus Telp who states that Rommel by nature was chivalrous and not prone to order needless violence , or Robert Forczyk who considers Rommel a true great captain with chivalry . Maurice Remy states that due to the man 's personality and some special circumstances , he was only really confronted with the reality of atrocities in 1944 ( although he had heard rumours about massacres while fighting in Africa ) . Some authors cite , among other cases , Rommel 's naive reactions to what happened in Poland while being there : he paid a visit to his wife 's uncle , famous Polish priest and patriotic leader Edmund Roszczynialski , who was murdered days after , which was never found out by Rommel who , at his wife 's urgings , kept writing letter after letter to Himmler 's adjutants asking them to keep track and take care of their relative . Knopp and Mosier agree that he was naive politically , citing his request for a Jewish Gauleiter in 1943 . Despite this , Peter Lieb finds it hard to believe that a man of Rommel 's position could have known nothing about atrocities , although Lieb accepts that locally he was separated from places these atrocities happened , while Der Spiegel comments that Rommel was simply in denial about what happened around him . Alaric Searle points out that it was the early diplomatic successes and bloodless expansion that blinded Rommel to the true nature of his beloved Führer , whom he kept naively supporting . Scheck believes that it might be forever unclear whether Rommel recognized the unprecedent depraved character of the regime . When Rommel learned about the atrocities SS Division Leibstandarte committed in Italy in September 1943 , he allegedly forbade his son to join the Waffen - SS .
Who Do You Think You Are? (UK TV series)
In 2008 , ARD 's Das Erste aired the German version , called Das Geheimnis meiner Familie ( `` The secret of my family '' ) . They aired four episodes featuring Marie - Luise Marjan , Armin Rohde , Christine Neubauer and Peter Maffay .
Military history of Italy during World War II
Ultimately the Italian empire collapsed after disastrous defeats in the Eastern European and North African campaigns . In July 1943 , following the Allied invasion of Sicily , Benito Mussolini was arrested by order of King Victor Emmanuel III , provoking a civil war . Italy 's military outside of the peninsula itself collapsed , its occupied and annexed territories falling under German control . Italy surrendered to the Allies at the end of the Italian Campaign . The northern half of the country was occupied by the Germans with the fascists ' help and made a collaborationist puppet state ( with more than 500,000 soldiers raised for the Axis ) , while the south was governed by monarchist and liberal forces , which fought for the Allied cause as the Italian Co-Belligerent Army ( at its height numbering more than 50,000 men ) , helped by circa 350,000 partisans ( mostly former Royal Italian Army soldiers ) of disparate political ideologies that operated all over Italy .
Joseph McCarthy
On March 18 , 1954 Sauk - Prairie Star editor Leroy Gore of Sauk City , Wisconsin urged the recall of McCarthy in a front - page editorial that ran alongside a sample petition that readers could fill out and mail to the newspaper . A Republican and former McCarthy supporter , Gore cited the senator with subverting President Eisenhower 's authority , disrespecting Wisconsin 's - own Gen. Ralph Wise Zwicker and ignoring the plight of Wisconsin dairy farmers faced with price - slashing surpluses .
Climate of North Carolina
In winter , North Carolina is somewhat protected by the Appalachian Mountains to the west . Cold fronts from Canada are typically reduced in intensity by the mountains . However , occasionally cold air can move from the north or northeast , east of the Appalachian Mountains , from Arctic high pressure systems that settle over the Northeastern or New England states . Other polar and Arctic outbreaks can cross the mountains and force temperatures to drop to about 12 ° F ( − 11 ° C ) in central North Carolina . Still , temperatures below zero degrees Fahrenheit are extremely rare outside of the mountains . The coldest ever recorded temperature in North Carolina was − 34 ° F ( − 37 ° C ) on January 21 , 1985 , at Mount Mitchell . The winter temperatures on the coast are milder due to the warming influence of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream . The average ocean temperature in Southport in January is still higher than the average ocean temperature in Maine during July . Snow is common in the mountains , although many ski resorts use snowmaking equipment to make sure there is always snow on their land . North Carolina 's relative humidity is highest in the winter .
Climate of North Carolina
Another significant snowfall hit the Raleigh area in January 2000 when more than 20 inches ( 510 mm ) of snow fell . There was also a heavy snowfall totaling 18 inches ( 460 mm ) that hit the Wilmington area on December 22 - 23 , 1989 . This storm affected only the Southeastern US coast , as far south as Savannah , GA , with little to no snow measured west of I - 95 . Most big snows that impact areas east of the mountains come from extratropical cyclones which approach from the south across Georgia and South Carolina and move off the coast of North or South Carolina . These storms typically throw Gulf or Atlantic moisture over cold Arctic air at ground level , usually propelled southward from Arctic high pressure over the Northeastern or New England states . If the storms track sufficiently far to the east , snow will be limited to the eastern part of the state ( as with the December 22 - 23 , 1989 storm ) . If the cyclones travel close to the coast , warm air will get pulled into eastern North Carolina due to increasing flow off the milder Atlantic Ocean , bringing a rain / snow line well inland with heavy snow restricted to the Piedmont , foothills and mountains , as with the January 22 , 1987 storm . If the storm tracks inland into eastern North Carolina , the rain / snow line ranges between Raleigh and Greensboro .
Climate of North Carolina
Snow in North Carolina is seen on a regular basis in the mountains . North Carolina averages 5 inches ( 130 mm ) of snow a year . However , this also varies greatly across the state . Along the coast , most areas register less than 2 inches ( 51 mm ) per year while the state capital , Raleigh averages 7.5 inches ( 190 mm ) . Farther west in the Piedmont - Triad , the average grows to approximately 9 inches ( 230 mm ) . The Charlotte area averages approximately 6.5 inches ( 170 mm ) . The mountains in the west act as a barrier , preventing most snowstorms from entering the Piedmont . When snow does make it past the mountains , it is usually light and is seldom on the ground for more than two or three days . However , several storms have dropped 18 inches ( 460 mm ) or more of snow within normally warm areas . The 1993 Storm of the Century that lasted from March 11 to March 15 affected locales from Canada to Central America , and brought a significant amount of snow to North Carolina . Newfound Gap received more than 36 inches ( 0.91 m ) of snow with drifts more than 5 feet ( 1.5 m ) , while Mount Mitchell measured over 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) of snow with drifts to 14 feet ( 4.3 m ) . Most of the northwestern part of the state received somewhere between 2 feet ( 0.61 m ) an 3 feet ( 0.91 m ) of snow .
Climate of North Carolina
North Carolina 's climate varies from the Atlantic coast in the east to the Appalachian Mountain range in the west . The mountains often act as a `` shield '' , blocking low temperatures and storms from the Midwest from entering the Piedmont of North Carolina . Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ) , except in the higher elevations of the Appalachians which have a subtropical highland climate ( Köppen Cfb ) . For most areas in the state , the temperatures in July during the daytime are approximately 90 ° F ( 32 ° C ) . In January the average temperatures range near 50 ° F ( 10 ° C ) . ( However , a polar vortex or `` cold blast '' can significantly bring down average temperatures , seen in the winters of 2014 and 2015 . )
North Carolina
Elevation above sea level is most responsible for temperature change across the state , with the mountain area being coolest year - round . The climate is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream , especially in the coastal plain . These influences tend to cause warmer winter temperatures along the coast , where temperatures only occasionally drop below the freezing point at night . The coastal plain averages around 1 inch ( 2.5 cm ) of snow or ice annually , and in many years , there may be no snow or ice at all .
Climate of North Carolina
North Carolina experiences high summer temperatures . Sometimes , cool , dry air from the north will invade North Carolina for brief periods of time , with temperatures quickly rebounding . It remains colder at high elevations , with the average summer temperature in Mount Mitchell lying at 68 ° F ( 20 ° C ) . Morning temperatures are on average 20 ° F ( 12 ° C ) lower than afternoon temperatures , except along the Atlantic Coast . The largest economic loss from severe weather in North Carolina is due to severe thunderstorms in the summer , although they usually only hit small areas . Tropical cyclones can impact the state during the summer as well . Fogs are also frequent in the summer .
North Carolina
The Atlantic Ocean exerts less influence on the climate of the Piedmont region , which has hotter summers and colder winters than along the coast , though the average daily maximum is still below 90 ° F ( 32 ° C ) in most locations .