vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Long jump
The objective of the approach is to gradually accelerate to a maximum controlled speed at takeoff . The most important factor for the distance travelled by an object is its velocity at takeoff -- both the speed and angle . Elite jumpers usually leave the ground at an angle of twenty degrees or less ; therefore , it is more beneficial for a jumper to focus on the speed component of the jump . The greater the speed at takeoff , the longer the trajectory of the center of mass will be . The importance of a takeoff speed is a factor in the success of sprinters in this event .
Football player
As for association football , a 2011 German study found that German national team players live 1.9 years less than the general male population .
Height in sports
Height is not generally seen as an important attribute in rugby league football , often with extreme height being a hindrance rather than useful . However , recent tactics of cross-field kicking have resulted in the success of taller outside backs .
Cristiano Ronaldo
A Portuguese international , Ronaldo began his youth career in 2001 . Apart from the under - 15 team , he also represented the under - 17 , under - 20 , under - 21 , and under - 23 national sides , amassing 34 youth caps and scoring 18 goals overall . He represented his country at the 2002 UEFA European Under - 17 Football Championship , where they failed to progress past the group stage . Ronaldo also featured in the Olympic squad at the 2004 Summer Olympics , scoring one goal in the tournament , though the team was eliminated in the first round , finishing bottom of their group with three points after 4 -- 2 defeats to eventual semi-finalists Iraq and quarter - finalists Costa Rica .
Factor analysis
Reduction of number of variables , by combining two or more variables into a single factor . For example , performance at running , ball throwing , batting , jumping and weight lifting could be combined into a single factor such as general athletic ability . Usually , in an item by people matrix , factors are selected by grouping related items . In the Q factor analysis technique , the matrix is transposed and factors are created by grouping related people : For example , liberals , libertarians , conservatives and socialists , could form separate groups . Identification of groups of inter-related variables , to see how they are related to each other . For example , Carroll used factor analysis to build his Three Stratum Theory . He found that a factor called `` broad visual perception '' relates to how good an individual is at visual tasks . He also found a `` broad auditory perception '' factor , relating to auditory task capability . Furthermore , he found a global factor , called `` g '' or general intelligence , that relates to both `` broad visual perception '' and `` broad auditory perception '' . This means someone with a high `` g '' is likely to have both a high `` visual perception '' capability and a high `` auditory perception '' capability , and that `` g '' therefore explains a good part of why someone is good or bad in both of those domains .
Cristiano Ronaldo
Ronaldo has at times been criticised for diving when tackled , about which his former Real Madrid manager José Mourinho responded : `` Cristiano is a player who does not have the culture of the swimming pool , he has no culture of simulation , he is a British - trained player , Ferguson trained . In some cases , the simulators are given more protection , and those who are honest are often the losers . I 'm not a hypocrite if I say that they ( defenders ) hit Cristiano very hard , and that the yellow cards do not arrive or are slow in coming '' . Despite his talent , he was also occasionally criticised early in his career by manager Alex Ferguson , teammates and the media for being a selfish or overly flamboyant player .
Direct free kick
The kicking team may have more than one player line up behind the ball , run up to the ball , and / or feint a kick in order to confuse or deceive the defence as to their intentions ; this is usually legal as long as no other infringements occur .
Scottish Premier League
The only restriction on selection was the `` Under - 21 rule '' . This rule stated that each club must include at least three players under the age of 21 in its matchday squad . Opinions on this rule were divided among SPL managers . Walter Smith , Gus MacPherson and Jim Jefferies expressed their disapproval of the policy . John Collins approved of the ruling , claiming it is healthy for Scottish football and encouraged the development of young players .
Jughead Jones
Jughead rarely takes an interest in sports , but has a few unexpected athletic talents . These are often side effects of his other activities . For example , he is a very fast runner due to his constant evasion of Ethel and his determination to be at the front of the lunchline every day . Coach Kleats often tries to recruit him for various school teams , usually without longterm success . Over the years , he has been seen as a basketball player , baseball pitcher , martial artist , swimmer , dancer and gymnast .
Long jump
There are five main components of the long jump : the approach run , the last two strides , takeoff , action in the air , and landing . Speed in the run - up , or approach , and a high leap off the board are the fundamentals of success . Because speed is such an important factor of the approach , it is not surprising that many long jumpers also compete successfully in sprints . A classic example of this long jump / sprint doubling are performances by Carl Lewis .
Cristiano Ronaldo
Earlier in his career , Ronaldo had also been described as having an `` arrogant image '' on the pitch , with Ronaldo stating that he had become a `` victim '' , because of how he was portrayed in the media . He is often seen moaning , gesticulating and scowling while trying to inspire his team to victory , with Ronaldo insisting that his competitive nature should not be mistaken for arrogance . His managers , teammates and various journalists have commented that this reputation has caused an unfair image of him . In 2014 , Ronaldo told France Football that he had made a `` mistake '' when he said in 2011 , `` People are jealous of me as I am young , handsome and rich '' , adding that he had matured since then and fans understood him better .
Basketball
To block a shot , a player has to be able to reach a point higher than where the shot is released . Thus , height can be an advantage in blocking . Players who are taller and playing the power forward or center positions generally record more blocks than players who are shorter and playing the guard positions . However , with good timing and a sufficiently high vertical leap , even shorter players can be effective shot blockers .
Zinedine Zidane
It was in Castellane where Zidane had his earliest introduction in football , joining in at the age of five in football games that the neighbourhood 's children played on the Place Tartane , an 80 - by - 12 - yard plaza that served as the main square of the housing complex . In July 2011 , Zidane named former Marseille players Blaž Slišković , Enzo Francescoli and Jean - Pierre Papin as his idols while growing up . At the age of ten , Zidane got his first player 's licence after joining the junior team of a local club from Castellane by the name of US Saint - Henri . After spending a year and a half at US Saint - Henri , Zidane joined SO Septèmes - les - Vallons when the Septèmes coach Robert Centenero convinced the club 's Director to get Zidane . Zidane stayed with Septèmes until the age of 14 , at which time he was selected to attend a three - day training camp at the CREPS ( Regional Centre for Sports and Physical Education ) in Aix - en - Provence , one of several such footballing institutes run by the French Football Federation . It was here that Zidane was spotted by AS Cannes scout and former player Jean Varraud , who recommended him to the training centre director of the club . As a 14 year old watching the 1986 World Cup , the performance of Diego Maradona left an indelible mark on him , with Zidane stating Maradona `` was on another level '' .
Scottish Premier League
A decline in television revenue resulted in relatively little spending among SPL clubs , with major transfer spending mostly limited to the Old Firm clubs . As a result , most clubs became reliant on developing their own young players and selling them on for profit . This also resulted in a large proportion of SPL clubs ' squads being made up of Scottish players ( 73 % in the 2004 -- 05 season ) .
Height in sports
In shooting sports , a shorter shooter can maintain better balance when standing for long periods of time holding a gun , as well as keep their gun steady .
Cristiano Ronaldo
As a child , Ronaldo played for amateur team Andorinha from 1992 to 1995 , where his father was the kit man , and later spent two years with Nacional . In 1997 , aged 12 , he went on a three - day trial with Sporting CP , who signed him for a fee of £ 1,500 . He subsequently moved from Madeira to Alcochete , near Lisbon , to join Sporting 's other youth players at the club 's football academy . By age 14 , Ronaldo believed he had the ability to play semi-professionally , and agreed with his mother to cease his education in order to focus entirely on football . While popular with other students at school , he had been expelled after throwing a chair at his teacher , who he said had `` disrespected '' him . However , one year later , he was diagnosed with a racing heart , a condition that could have forced him to give up playing football . He underwent an operation in which a laser was used to cauterise the affected area of his heart ; discharged from hospital hours after the procedure , he resumed training only a few days later .
Basketball
Point guard ( often called the `` 1 '' ) : usually the fastest player on the team , organizes the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time .
Zinedine Zidane
Both France and Algeria consider Zidane a citizen . It was rumoured that coach Abdelhamid Kermali denied Zidane a position for the Algerian squad because he felt the young midfielder was not fast enough . However , Zidane dismissed the rumour in a 2005 interview , saying that he would have been ineligible to play for Algeria because he had already played for France .
Zinedine Zidane
On 19 November 2008 , Zidane took part in the fifth annual Match Against Poverty in Málaga , Spain , which also ended in a 2 -- 2 draw ; he went scoreless but set up his team 's second goal . He and Ronaldo , who collaborated in conceiving the yearly event to benefit the United Nations Development Programme , regularly captain their respective teams consisting of active footballers , other professional athletes and celebrities . Zidane , a UN Goodwill Ambassador since 2001 , stated before the game that `` everyone can do something to make the world a better place . '' Zidane
Football player
A minority of retired footballers continue working full - time within football , for instance as football managers . A 1979 study reported that former first - team ballplayers were over-represented as top ranking executives in their companies and had greater income mobility than second teamers and reserves . However , some experience chronic health issues , see below .
12th man (football)
In American football , fans are most incited by physical play , especially good plays made by the defense . Additionally , the home team can derive energy from the loud noise of their fans ; former American football players have described the feeling of their adrenaline pumping after hearing the fans yell , which is `` like you have a reserve energy tank . ''
Cristiano Ronaldo
At age 16 , Ronaldo was promoted from Sporting 's youth team by first - team manager László Bölöni , who was impressed with his dribbling . He subsequently became the first player to play for the club 's under - 16 , under - 17 and under - 18 teams , the B team , and the first team , all within one season . A year later , on 7 October 2002 , Ronaldo made his debut in the Primeira Liga , against Moreirense , and scored two goals in their 3 -- 0 win . Over the course of the 2002 -- 03 season , his representatives suggested the player to Liverpool manager Gérard Houllier and Barcelona president Joan Laporta . Manager Arsène Wenger , who was interested in signing the winger , met with him at Arsenal 's grounds in November to discuss a possible transfer .
Philadelphia Eagles
`` Doug is a strategic thinker , a compelling leader and communicator , and someone who truly knows how to get the best out of his players . All of these factors were what initially attracted us to Doug and we believe that he is the right man to help us achieve our ultimate goal . ''
Height in sports
Offensive and defensive linemen tend to be at least 1.85 m ( 6 ft 1 in ) and are frequently as tall as 2.03 m ( 6 ft 8 in ) to be massive enough to effectively play their positions . Height is especially an advantage for defensive linemen , giving them the ability to knock down passes with their outstretched arms .
Rules of netball
Position name Abbreviation Allowed in Notes Goal Shooter GS Attacking third inc goal circle Often , but not always , defended by the opposing Goal Keeper . Main role is to shoot goals , by working closely with Goal Attack to achieve positions in the shooting circle where one can receive passes from the feeding midcourt players . Goal Attack GA Centre and attacking third including goal circle Often defended by the opposing Goal Defence . As well as sharing the Goal Shooter 's role to shoot goals , the Goal Attack is responsible for helping to set up offensive plays . Wing Attack WA Centre and attacking third excluding goal circle Often defended by the opposing Wing Defence . Main role is to move the ball from centre court to an attacking position . Accurate passing using a variety of styles including bounce passing , drop passing and faking passing is important in this position . Centre Anywhere except the goal circles Involved in defensive and offensive plays , and responsible for restarting play after a goal is scored . Players in this position require a high level of fitness . Wing Defence WD Centre and defensive third excluding goal circle Usually defends against the Wing Attack . Often involved in blocking offensive plays from the opposing team , and may also be called upon to guard against the Goal Attack or Goal Shooter by preventing them from entering the goal circle . Goal Defence GD Centre and defensive third including goal circle Usually defends against the Goal Attack . Main role is to assist the Goal Keeper in defending the goal against the opposing shooters . Goal Keeper GK Defensive third including goal circle A specialised defensive position . Often the last person who can keep the opposing shooters from scoring . Also responsible for taking throw - ins in the defensive third of the court . Accuracy in passing and predicting where the ball will go are keys to playing this position well .
Zinedine Zidane
I have an affinity with the Arabic world . I have it in my blood , via my parents . I 'm very proud of being French , but also very proud of having these roots and this diversity . --
Height in sports
The average height for a baseball player as evidenced by statistics is reported to be 1.87 m ( 6 ft 2 in ) tall.In baseball , being taller usually means longer legs , which power pitchers use to generate velocity and a release point closer to the plate , which means the ball reaches the batter more quickly . The ball also comes from a higher release angle opposed to a shorter pitcher . While taller position players have a larger strike zone , most position players are at least of average height because the larger frame allows them to generate more power .
Mercy rule
International Blind Sports Federation rules require that any time during a game in which one team has scored ten ( 10 ) more goals than the other team that game is deemed completed . In US high school soccer , most states use a mercy rule that ends the game if one team is ahead by 10 or more goals at any point from halftime onward . Youth soccer leagues use variations on the rule .
Basketball
The game has many individual techniques for displaying skill -- ball - handling , shooting , passing , dribbling , dunking , shot - blocking , and rebounding . Basketball teams generally have player positions , the tallest and strongest members of a team are called a center or power forward , while slightly shorter and more agile players are called small forward , and the shortest players or those who possess the best ball handling skills are called a point guard or shooting guard . The point guard directs the on court action of the team , implementing the coach 's game plan , and managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays ( player positioning ) .
Height in sports
In artistic gymnastics , it is advantageous to be shorter . A lower center of gravity can give an athlete better balance . A smaller athlete may also have an easier time manipulating their body in the air .
Descriptive psychology
P = Powers : concepts having to do with what is possible and not possible for a given person . These include the person 's abilities ( the person 's capabilities with reference to some kind of achievement such as shooting a basketball , playing chess , or learning languages ) ; knowledge ( the set of facts the person has the ability to act on , such as the rules of chess or the requirements for making a good omelet ) ; and values ( the set of motivational priorities that the person is routinely able to act on , such as a value for honesty or for an adventurous way of life ) .
Long jump
Flexibility is an often forgotten tool for long jumpers . Effective flexibility prevents injury , which can be important for high - impact events such as the long jump . It also helps the athlete sprint down the runway . Hip and groin injuries are common for long jumpers who may neglect proper warm - up and stretching .
Jai alai
The sport can be dangerous , as the ball travels at high velocities . It has led to injuries that caused players to retire and fatalities have been recorded in some cases .
Height in sports
Elite swimmers are generally taller than the populations at large , indicating that height confers a competitive advantage . A main factor in swimming is the amount of drag the swimmer has to overcome when swimming . Drag is composed of pressure drag , friction drag , and wave - making resistance .
Artificial turf
In 2009 , FIFA launched the Preferred Producer Initiative to improve the quality of artificial football turf at each stage of the life cycle ( manufacturing , installation and maintenance ) . Currently , there are five manufacturers that were selected by FIFA : Act Global , Limonta , Desso , GreenFields , and Edel Grass . These firms have made quality guarantees directly to FIFA and have agreed to increased research and development .
Football player
Research shows that association football players that take less than 200ms after the referee blows their whistle for a penalty kick are significantly more likely to miss scoring than those that take over a second .
Height in sports
In Australian rules , a footballer 's height is considered an advantage . This is evidenced by statistics and trends from the professional ( Australian Football League ) level , including an average player height of 1.88 m ( 6 ft 2 in ) as well as an ongoing trend in the recruitment of tall athletes from other sports , particularly basketball such as Dean Brogan at 2.01 m ( 6 ft 7 in ) and rugby football such as Mike Pyke at 2.01 m ( 6 ft 7 in ) .
Account planning
There are numerous characteristics that make for a good account planner . Fortini - Campbell state that a person must possess intelligence , experience , strong observational skills , and judgment . The account planning group adds that account planners must have the skills to `` conceptualize and think strategically . They must also be able to argue their viewpoint coherently . Being a team player and having a strong personality are also positive attributes . Ideally , an account planner candidate will have some experience in market research , brands , advertising and communications , and people management .
Football player
A 2000 study documented injuries sustained by Czech ( association ) football players at all levels :
Curling
The Spirit of Curling also leads teams to congratulate their opponents for making a good shot , strong sweeping or spectacular form . Perhaps most importantly , the Spirit of Curling dictates that one never cheers mistakes , misses or gaffes by one 's opponent ( unlike most team sports ) and one should not celebrate one 's own good shots during the game beyond modest acknowledgement of the shot such as a head nod , fist bump or thumbs - up gesture . Modest congratulation , however , may be exchanged between winning team members after the match . On - the - ice celebration is usually reserved for the winners of a major tournament after winning the final game of the championship . It is completely unacceptable to attempt to throw opposing players off their game by way of negative comment , distraction or heckling .
Curling
The skip , or the captain of the team , will usually determine the required weight , turn , and line of the stone . These will be influenced by the tactics at this point in the game , which may involve taking out , blocking or tapping another stone .
Republic of Ireland
Soccer is the third most popular spectator sport and has the highest level of participation . Although the League of Ireland is the national league , the English Premier League is the most popular among the public . The Republic of Ireland national football team plays at international level and is administered by the Football Association of Ireland .
Grip (job)
Good Grips perform a crucial role in ensuring that the artifice of film is maintained , and that camera moves are as seamless as possible . Grips are usually requested by the DoP ( Director of Photography ) or the camera operator . Although the work is physically demanding and the hours are long , the work can be very rewarding . Many Grips work on both commercials and features . --
Basketball
Shooting guard ( the `` 2 '' ) : creates a high volume of shots on offense , mainly long - ranged ; and guards the opponent 's best perimeter player on defense .
Height in sports
In judo , height can work both ways . The shorter person tends to have an advantage ( both offensively and defensively ) in hip throws , dropping techniques i.e. drop seoi nage and wrestling style pickups such as ura nage . A low center of gravity allows better position for these throws . Taller players have an advantage in sweeps because they can often use these maneuvers before getting in range of the shorter person 's kuzushi . They can also use their long legs to their advantage with many ashi waza techniques and throws with a significance on legs such as uchi mata and harai goshi . In ne waza ( groundwork ) having shorter limbs makes it more difficult to be submitted but also more difficult to use your legs to escape from hold downs . In contrast being taller can help with escaping hold downs and certain submissions i.e. sangaku jime . The 2013 judo rules somewhat shift or even out the advantages that shorter fighters had by no longer allowing leg grabs and no longer being allowed to prevent your opponent from taking grips .
Hurdling
In order to obtain the optimal hurdling technique , one must first learn the proper running techniques . It 's important that the runner stays on the balls of his or her feet for the entirety of the race . This makes a fluid movement between each stage of the race .
Football
IX . A player shall be entitled to run with the ball towards his adversaries ' goal if he makes a fair catch , or catches the ball on the first bound ; but in case of a fair catch , if he makes his mark he shall not run .