vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Moose
Moose are hunted as a game species in many of the countries where they are found . Moose meat tastes , wrote Henry David Thoreau in `` The Maine Woods '' , `` like tender beef , with perhaps more flavour ; sometimes like veal '' . While the flesh has protein levels similar to those of other comparable red meats ( e.g. beef , deer and elk ) , it has a low fat content , and the fat that is present consists of a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fats rather than saturated fats .
National Football League team captains
Choice on Penalty Option ( s ) -- The offended team captain has a choice of accepting a penalty enforcement or declining , except where said penalty is automatically `` enforced by rule . '' In some circumstances , a team captain may elect to `` decline '' the penalty . This typically happens in a situation in which declining the penalty may mean that the next down should occur ( 3rd or 4th ) . A good example would be on an `` offensive holding '' enforcement , the defensive team might elect a `` 4th down and 5 yards to gain '' v. a `` 3rd down and 15 yards to gain . ''
Water buffalo
Water buffalo meat , sometimes called `` carabeef '' , is often passed off as beef in certain regions , and is also a major source of export revenue for India . In many Asian regions , buffalo meat is less preferred due to its toughness ; however , recipes have evolved ( rendang , for example ) where the slow cooking process and spices not only make the meat palatable , but also preserve it , an important factor in hot climates where refrigeration is not always available .
Brown bear
Despite their reputation , most brown bears are not highly carnivorous , as they derive up to 90 % of their dietary food energy from vegetable matter . Brown bears often feed on a variety of plant life , including berries , grasses , flowers , acorns ( Quercus ssp . ) and pine cones as well as mosses and fungi such as mushrooms . In total , over 200 plant species have been identified in their foods . Arguably the most herbivorous diets have come from the warmer temperate parts of Eurasia as more than 90 % of the diet may be herbivorous . These include countries and regions such as Spain , Slovakia , most of the Balkans including Greece , Turkey , the Himalayas , and presumably the Middle East . In many inland portions of North America , the diet of grizzly bears is between 80 and 90 % plant - based but animal meat can be much more important in some areas . It has been found that being restricted to a largely vegetarian diet puts constraints on the growth and size of bears who live off of them , largely because their digestive systems do not process plants as well as animal fats and proteins .
U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)
In September 2017 , U.S. President Donald Trump , speaking at a rally in Huntsville , Alabama , said NFL owners should fire players who kneel during the national anthem , and encouraged fans to walk out . Trump advised NFL owners to say `` Get that son of a bitch off the field right now , out , he 's fired . He 's fired ! '' Trump called the players ' protest `` a total disrespect of our heritage . '' He went on to say that new NFL safety rules meant to protect players from concussions are ruining the game . His statement came after new research indicates NFL players are at high risk for chronic traumatic encephalopathy ( CTE ) due to the likelihood of multiple head injuries .
Burping
In some animals , a failure to burp successfully can be fatal . This is particularly common among domesticated ruminants that are allowed to gorge themselves on very rich spring clover or alfalfa . The condition , known as ruminal tympany , is a high pressure buildup of gas in the stomach ( s ) and requires immediate treatment to expel the gas , usually the insertion of a flexible rubber hose down the esophagus , or in extreme cases the lancing of the animal 's side with a trochar and cannula .
U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)
Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg criticized the protest as `` dumb and disrespectful , '' stating that athletes have the right to protest `` if they want to be stupid . '' The Supreme Court later issued a statement from Ginsburg stating that her comments were `` inappropriately dismissive and harsh . I should have declined to respond . ''
Statin
Some researchers have suggested hydrophilic statins , such as fluvastatin , rosuvastatin , and pravastatin , are less toxic than lipophilic statins , such as atorvastatin , lovastatin , and simvastatin , but other studies have not found a connection . Lovastatin induces the expression of gene atrogin - 1 , which is believed to be responsible in promoting muscle fiber damage . Tendon rupture does not appear to occur .
Lobbying in the United States
A concern among many critics is that influence peddling hurts overall decision making , according to this criticism . Proposals with merit are dropped in favor of proposals backed by political expediency . An example cited in the media is the recent battling between food industry lobbyists and healthcare lobbyists regarding school lunches . A group supported by the United States Department of Agriculture proposed healthier lunches as a way to combat childhood obesity by limiting the number of potatoes served , limiting salty foods , and adding more fresh vegetables , but this group was countered by a strong food lobby backed by Coca - Cola , Del Monte , and makers of frozen pizza . The food lobbyists succeeded in blocking the proposed reforms , even writing rules suggesting that the tomato paste on a pizza qualified as a vegetable , but overall , according to critics , this case appeared to be an example where business interests won out over health concerns . Critics use examples such as these to suggest that lobbying distorts sound governance . A study by IMF economists found that the `` heaviest lobbying came from lenders making riskier loans and expanding their mortgage business most rapidly during the housing boom , '' and that there were indications that heavy - lobbying lenders were more likely to receive bailout funds . The study found a correlation between lobbying by financial institutions and excessive risk - taking during 2000 -- 2007 , and the authors concluded that `` politically active lenders played a role in accumulation of risks and thus contributed to the financial crisis '' . Another study suggested that governments tend to protect domestic industries , and have a habit of shunting monies to ailing sectors ; the study suggested that `` it is not that government policy picks losers , it is that losers pick government policy . '' One critic suggested that the financial industry has successfully blocked attempts at regulation in the aftermath of the 2008 financial collapse .
Anterior cruciate ligament
The second study noted in the L.A. Times piece focused on adults . It found no significant statistical difference in performance and pain outcomes for patients who receive early ACL reconstruction vs. those who receive physical therapy with an option for later surgery . This would suggest that many patients without instability , buckling or giving way after a course of rehabilitation can be managed non-operatively . However , the study points to the need for more extensive research , was limited to outcomes after two years and did not involve patients who were serious athletes . Patients involved in sports requiring significant cutting , pivoting , twisting or rapid acceleration or deceleration may not be able to participate in these activities without ACL reconstruction . The randomized control study was originally published in the New England Journal of Medicine . ACL
American football rules
Any part of the runner other than his hands or feet touches the ground . Ankles and wrists count as downed . This may be as a result of : Contact by an opponent ( called down by contact ) where the opponent tackles the runner by pushing him , grasping him and pulling him to the ground , sliding into his legs , or touching him in any manner prior to any part of the runner other than his hands or feet touching the ground . Unlike the use of the word tackle in other sports , if the opposing player fails to down the ball carrier , it is merely an attempted tackle . If the ball carrier falls onto another player but he does n't make contact with the ground , he can still get up and keep playing . A player on the ground is not considered part of the ground . Intentionally downing the ball : intentionally kneeling , verbally declaring `` I 'm down '' ( except in college ) , or similar actions . For example , to protect himself from violent hits by opponents attempting to tackle him , the quarterback may choose to slide to the ground feet - first . This slide is interpreted as intentionally downing the ball , and opponents may then be penalized for hitting him . In amateur football , a runner is downed when any part of his body other than his hands or feet touches the ground at any time ( unless he is the holder for a place kick ) . In professional football , the runner is not down for such accidental contact ; he must be down by contact with an opponent as described above . The runner goes out of bounds : that is , any part of his body ( including his hands or feet ) touches the ground , or anything other than another player or an official , on or past a sideline or an endline . Note that the sideline itself is out of bounds , so that the runner is deemed out of bounds if he steps on or touches any part of it . Note also that a runner may carry the ball in such a manner that it is over the sideline , so long as the ball or runner does not touch anything out of bounds . The runner 's forward progress toward the opponents ' goal line is stopped by contact with an opponent , with little chance to be resumed . The exact moment at which the player 's forward progress stops is subject to the judgment of the officials .
Lead poisoning
Copper - jacketed , lead - based bullets are more economical to produce and use than lead or any other material . Alternative materials are available such as steel , copper , and tungsten , but alternatives are universally less effective and / or more expensive . However , the biggest impediment to using the vast majority of alternatives relates to current laws in the United States pertaining to armor - piercing rounds . Laws and regulations relating to armor - piercing ammunition expressly prohibit the use of brass , bronze , steel , tungsten , and nearly every metallic alternative in any bullet that can be shot by a handgun , which at this time is nearly every caliber smaller than 50BMG ( including the popular . 223 Remington , . 308 Winchester and . 30 - 06 to name just a few ) . Some lead - based bullets are resistant to fragmentation , offering hunters the ability to clean game animals with negligible risk of including lead fragments in prepared meat . Other bullets are prone to fragmentation and exacerbate the risk of lead ingestion from prepared meat . In practice , use of a non-fragmenting bullet and proper cleaning of the game animal 's wound can eliminate the risk of lead ingestion from eating game ; however , isolating such practice to experimentally determine its association with blood lead levels in study is difficult . Bismuth is an element used as a lead - replacement for shotgun pellets used in waterfowl hunting although shotshells made from bismuth are nearly ten times the cost of lead .
Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church historically observes the disciplines of fasting and abstinence at various times each year . For Catholics , fasting is the reduction of one 's intake of food , while abstinence refers to refraining from meat ( or another type of food ) . The Catholic Church teaches that all people are obliged by God to perform some penance for their sins , and that these acts of penance are both personal and corporeal . The purpose of fasting is spiritual focus , self - discipline , imitation of Christ , and performing penance .
Mercury in fish
Do not eat shark , swordfish , king mackerel , or tilefish ( Gulf of Mexico ) because they might contain high levels of mercury . Eat up to 12 ounces ( 2 average meals ) a week of a variety of fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury . Five of the most commonly eaten fish and shellfish that are low in mercury are : shrimp , canned light tuna , salmon , pollock , and catfish . Another commonly eaten fish , albacore or ( `` white '' ) tuna depending on its origin might have more mercury than canned light tuna . So , when choosing your two meals of fish and shellfish , it is recommended that you should not eat more than up to 6 ounces ( one average meal ) of albacore tuna per week . Check local advisories about the safety of fish caught by family and friends in your local lakes , rivers , and coastal areas . If no advice is available , eat up to 6 ounces ( one average meal ) per week of fish you catch from local waters , but consume no other fish during that week .
Food pyramid (nutrition)
Several books have claimed that food and agricultural associations exert undue political power on the USDA . Food industries , such as milk companies , have been accused of influencing the United States Department of Agriculture into making the colored spots on the newly created food pyramid larger for their particular product . The milk section has been claimed to be the easiest to see out of the six sections of the pyramid , making individuals believe that more milk should be consumed on a daily basis compared to the others . Furthermore , the inclusion of milk as a group unto itself implies that is an essential part of a healthy diet , despite the many people who are lactose intolerant or choose to abstain from dairy , and a number of cultures that have historically consumed little if any dairy products . Joel Fuhrman says in his book Eat to Live that U.S. taxpayers must contribute $20 billion on price supports to artificially reduce the price of cattle feed to benefit the dairy , beef and veal industries , and then pay the medical bills for an overweight population . He asks if the USDA is under the influence of the food industry , because a food pyramid based on science would have vegetables at its foundation .
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
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Lion
The attack is short and powerful ; they attempt to catch the victim with a fast rush and final leap . The prey usually is killed by strangulation , which can cause cerebral ischemia or asphyxia ( which results in hypoxemic , or `` general '' , hypoxia ) . The prey also may be killed by the lion enclosing the animal 's mouth and nostrils in its jaws ( which would also result in asphyxia ) . Prey is typically eaten at the location of the hunt , although large prey is sometimes dragged into cover . Lions tend to squabble over a kill , particularly the males . When food is scarce , cubs tend to suffer the most but otherwise all pride members can eat their fill , including old and crippled ones which can live on leftovers . There is more sharing of larger kills . An adult lioness requires an average of about 5 kg ( 11 lb ) of meat per day , a male about 7 kg ( 15 lb ) . A lion may gorge itself and eat up to 30 kg ( 66 lb ) in one sitting ; if it is unable to consume all the kill it will rest for a few hours before consuming more . On a hot day , the pride may retreat to shade leaving a male or two to stand guard . Lions will defend their kills from scavengers like vultures and hyenas .
Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
However , Bernard Ortiz Montellano offers a counter argument and points out the faults of Harner 's sources . First off , Ortiz challenges Harner 's claim of the Aztecs needing to compete with other carnivorous mammals for protein packed food . Many other types of foods were available to the Aztecs , including meat from salamanders , fowls , armadillos , and weasels . These resources were also plenty available due to their need to subsist in Lake Texcoco , the place where the Aztecs had created their home . In addition , even if no herbivores were available to eat , the nutrients needed were found in the leaves and seeds of amaranth which also provided protein . Lastly , the Aztecs had a highly structured system in which chinampas and tribute provided a surplus of materials and therefore ensured the Aztec were able to meet their caloric needs .
Jockey
Horse racing is a sport where jockeys may incur permanent , debilitating , and even life - threatening injuries . Chief among them include concussion , bone fractures , arthritis , trampling , and paralysis . Jockey insurance premiums remain among the highest of all professional sports . Between 1993 and 1996 , 6,545 injuries occurred during official races for an injury rate of 606 per 1,000 jockey years . In Australia race riding is regarded as being the second most deadly job , after offshore fishing . From 2002 to 2006 five deaths and 861 serious injuries were recorded .
Brisket
Brisket can be cooked many ways , including baking , boiling and roasting . Basting of the meat is often done during the cooking process . This normally tough cut of meat , due to the collagen fibers that make up the significant connective tissue in the cut , is tenderized when the collagen gelatinizes , resulting in more tender brisket . The fat cap , which is often left attached to the brisket , helps to keep the meat from drying during the prolonged cooking necessary to break down the connective tissue in the meat . Water is necessary for the conversion of collagen to gelatin , which is the hydrolysis product of collagen .
Brown bear
When forced to live in close proximity with humans and their domesticated animals , bears may potentially predate any type of domestic animal . Most type of livestock have been domesticated for millennia and have little to no anti-predator defenses . Therefore , brown bears are somewhat more likely to attack healthy adults than they are of healthy adult wild animals . Among domestic and farm animals , domestic cattle ( Bos primigenius taurus ) are sometimes exploited as prey . Cattle are bitten on the neck , back or head and then the abdominal cavity is opened for eating . In Norway , free - ranging domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ) are numerous and the local brown bears derive 65 -- 87 % of their dietary energy in late summer from sheep . Because of the aforementioned vulnerability , examination of Norwegian sheep remains suggest many of the sheep consumed there are adults that were killed by the bears rather than merely scavenged , and thus some local farmers received partial compensation for their stock losses . In nearby northern Sweden , free - ranging sheep are not present and the bear derive their food predominantly from natural sources . Horses ( Equus ferus caballus ) , goats ( Capra aegagrus hircus ) , pigs ( Sus scrofa domesticus ) , chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) and dogs ( Canis lupus familaris ) may be opportunistically killed in several parts of the brown bear 's range as well . Plants and fruit farmed by humans are readily consumed as well , including corn ( Zea mays ) , wheat ( Triticum spp . ) , apple ( Malus pumila ) , sorghum ( Sorghum ssp . ) , melons and any form of berries . They will also feed at domestic bee farms , readily consuming both honey and the contents of the honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) colony . Human foods and trash or refuse is eaten when possible . When an open garbage dump was kept in Yellowstone , brown bears were one of the most voracious and regular scavengers . The dump was closed after both brown and American black bears came to associate humans with food and lost their natural fear of them . In other areas , such as Alaska , dumps may continue to be an attractant for brown bears .
T-bone steak
T - bone and porterhouse steaks are suited to fast , dry heat cooking methods , such as grilling or broiling . Since they contain a small amount of collagen relative to other cuts , longer cooking times are not necessary to tenderize the meat . The bone also conducts heat within the meat so that it cooks more evenly and prevents meat drying out and shrinking during cooking . The meat near the bone will cook more slowly than the rest of the steak , and the tenderloin will tend to reach the desired temperature before the strip .
Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest
the defending champion ; winners of a regional qualifying contest for that season ; individuals qualifying as one of two wildcards ( highest two average qualifier scores without winning a single qualifier ) ; and those invited by special invitation of the MLE . ( See `` Controversies '' section below . )
Football helmet
A more recent addition to the football helmet is the visor or eye shield , which is affixed to the face mask to protect players from glare or eye injuries , such as pokes . It is believed that the first player to use a protective visor Mark Mullaney of the NFL 's Minnesota Vikings in 1984 , in order to protect a healing eye injury . Top manufacturers of visors are Nike , Oakley , and Under Armour , with Leader being the first to come out with a visor / shield for former Chicago Bears quarterback Jim McMahon ( who needed the visor because of a childhood eye injury ) . While Mullaney and McMahon 's visors were tinted , most of the earlier visors were clear or smoked , but they are now offered in a variety of styles ranging from blue , gold , black , rainbow , silver , or amber . High - school and pee - wee leagues prohibit all but clear visors . This rule was enacted so that training staff and coaches can easily view a player 's face and eyes in the case of a serious injury , to discern if the player is conscious . The NCAA banned the use of tinted visors for the same reason , and the NFL has followed suit as well . However , players with eye problems may still obtain special permission to wear tinted visors , some notable examples being LaDainian Tomlinson and Chris Canty . Players
Artificial turf
Turf gained a bad reputation on both sides of the Atlantic with fans and especially with players . The first AstroTurfs were a far harder surface than grass and soon became known as an unforgiving playing surface that was prone to cause more injuries , and in particular , more serious joint injuries , than would comparatively be suffered on a grass surface . This turf was also regarded as aesthetically unappealing to many fans .
APA Ethics Code
Despite these guidelines , however , many advocacy groups exist to either reduce or eliminate animal research , arguing that it is unethical to capture animals and subject them to research procedures . Indeed , a recent study showed that only 52 % of the public approves of animal research . Some scientists believe that this low approval rate is primarily the result of receiving manipulative misinformation from anti-animal research groups .
Olympic Games
The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part , just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle . The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well .
Human rights and development
The state bearing primary responsibility for the right to food , there is also responsibilities on local communities and families to ensure basic nutrition is equally available to all members . Dre ` ze accepts that this complicates the question of how the right to food can be enforced , additionally the right to food can not be realized in isolation from other social and economic rights , such as the right to health .