vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Citations for individually authored chapters in books typically include : name of author the title of the chapter translated title of the chapter book if not in English name of the book 's editor name of book and other details as above the chapter number or page numbers for the chapter ( optional )
Spanish Inquisition
Included in the Indices , at one point , were many of the great works of Spanish literature . Also , a number of religious writers who are today considered saints by the Catholic Church saw their works appear in the Indexes . At first , this might seem counter-intuitive or even nonsensical -- how were these Spanish authors published in the first place if their texts were then prohibited by the Inquisition and placed in the Index ? The answer lies in the process of publication and censorship in Early Modern Spain . Books in Early Modern Spain faced prepublication licensing and approval ( which could include modification ) by both secular and religious authorities . However , once approved and published , the circulating text also faced the possibility of post-hoc censorship by being denounced to the Inquisition -- sometimes decades later . Likewise , as Catholic theology evolved , once - prohibited texts might be removed from the Index .
The Dark Is Rising Sequence
Professor Michael D.C. Drout argues that Cooper makes greater `` use of Anglo - Saxon source materials '' than other critics have identified : `` Cooper 's uses of Anglo - Saxon sources are allusions that fit into a schema of history rather than ( in the words of one reviewer ) being merely tossed `` pell - mell '' into the mythical pot ... It is Cooper 's Anglo - Saxonism , I argue , which generates the notions of British national identity explicated in the novels , notions that contradict the author 's overt political stance . In addition , Cooper 's particular version of Anglo - Saxonism , with its strong focus on teaching and learning , is isomorphic to the ideology of adult / child power relations represented in the novels , an ideology that puts great weight on the value of obedience to authority . Adult / child power relations are both replicated and reinforced by two other sets of opposed terms : British / non-British and supernatural / mundane , and all of these terms are finally subsumed in Cooper 's Manichaean binary , Light / Dark , leading to a closed symbolic economy which exalts personal obedience to authority and views Anglo - Saxons and their ideologies -- as they were for the Venerable Bede in A.D. 771 -- as clearly on the side of the angels . ''
The Shining (film)
This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( October 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
Novel
Voltaire utilised the romance to write philosophy in Micromegas : a comic romance . Being a severe satire upon the philosophy , ignorance , and self - conceit of mankind ( 1752 , English 1753 ) . His Zadig ( 1747 ) and Candide ( 1759 ) became central texts of the French Enlightenment and of the modern novel . Jean - Jacques Rousseau bridged the genres with his less fictional Emile : or , On Education ( 1762 ) .
Great Expectations
The narrative structure of Great Expectations is influenced by the fact that it was first published as weekly episodes in a periodical . This required short chapters , centred on a single subject , and an almost mathematical structure .
Novel
The genre has been described as having `` a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years , '' with its origins in classical Greece and Rome , in medieval and early modern romance , and in the tradition of the novella . The latter , an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel , has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between . Ian Watt , in The Rise of the Novel , suggested in 1957 that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
As with spelling differences , it is normal practice to defer to the style used by the first major contributor or adopted by the consensus of editors already working on the page , unless a change in consensus has been achieved . If the article you are editing is already using a particular citation style , you should follow it ; if you believe it is inappropriate for the needs of the article , seek consensus for a change on the talk page . If you are the first contributor to add citations to an article , you may choose whichever style you think best for the article .
Precedent
Law professors in common law traditions play a much smaller role in developing case law than professors in civil law traditions . Because court decisions in civil law traditions are brief and not amenable to establishing precedent , much of the exposition of the law in civil law traditions is done by academics rather than by judges ; this is called doctrine and may be published in treatises or in journals such as Recueil Dalloz in France . Historically , common law courts relied little on legal scholarship ; thus , at the turn of the twentieth century , it was very rare to see an academic writer quoted in a legal decision ( except perhaps for the academic writings of prominent judges such as Coke and Blackstone ) . Today academic writers are often cited in legal argument and decisions as persuasive authority ; often , they are cited when judges are attempting to implement reasoning that other courts have not yet adopted , or when the judge believes the academic 's restatement of the law is more compelling than can be found in precedent . Thus common law systems are adopting one of the approaches long common in civil law jurisdictions .
Great Expectations
However , if viewed as a primarily retrospective first - person narrative , the novel differs from the two preceding pseudo-autobiographies , David Copperfield and though only partially narrated in first - person , Bleak House ( 1852 ) , as it falls within several subgenres popular in Dickens ' time , as noted by Paul Davis and Philip V Allingham .
Star Wars
As the characters and the story line of the original trilogy are so well known , educationalists have advocated the use of the films in the classroom as a learning resource . For example , a project in Western Australia honed elementary school students story - telling skills by role playing action scenes from the movies and later creating props and audio / visual scenery to enhance their performance . Others have used the films to encourage second - level students to integrate technology in the science classroom by making prototype light sabers . Similarly , psychiatrists in New Zealand and the US have advocated their use in the university classroom to explain different types of psychopathology .
Copyright
Copyright , like other intellectual property rights , is subject to a statutorily determined term . Once the term of a copyright has expired , the formerly copyrighted work enters the public domain and may be freely used or exploited by anyone . Courts in common law countries , such as the United States and the United Kingdom , have rejected the doctrine of a common law copyright . Public domain works should not be confused with works that are publicly available . Works posted in the internet , for example , are publicly available , but are not generally in the public domain . Copying such works may therefore violate the author 's copyright .
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
( a ) ... ' the average person , applying contemporary community standards ' would find the work , as a whole , appeals to the prurient interest ... ( b ) ... the work depicts or describes , in a patently offensive way , sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law , and ( c ) ... the work , taken as a whole , lacks serious literary , artistic , political , or scientific value .
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , along with the rest of the Harry Potter series , has been attacked by several religious groups and banned in some countries because of accusations that the novels promote witchcraft , but other religious commentators have written that the book exemplifies important viewpoints , including the power of self - sacrifice and the ways in which people 's decisions shape their personalities . The series has been used as a source of object lessons in educational techniques , sociological analysis and marketing .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Specify the page number or range of page numbers . Page numbers are not required for a reference to the book or article as a whole . When you specify a page number , it is helpful to specify the version ( date and edition for books ) of the source because the layout , pagination , length , etc. can change between editions .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Short citations in footnotes Named references in conjunction with the ( ( rp ) ) or ( ( r ) ) templates to specify the page Short citations in parenthesis
Shakespeare's influence
While it is true that Shakespeare created many new words ( the Oxford English Dictionary records over 2,000 ) , an article in National Geographic points out the findings of historian Jonathan Hope who wrote in `` Shakespeare 's ' Native English ' '' that `` the Victorian scholars who read texts for the first edition of the OED paid special attention to Shakespeare : his texts were read more thoroughly , and cited more often , so he is often credited with the first use of words , or senses of words , which can , in fact , be found in other writers . ''
Ode on a Grecian Urn
We shall not feel that the generalization , unqualified and to be taken literally , is meant to march out of its context to compete with the scientific and philosophical generalizations which dominate our world . ' Beauty is truth , truth beauty ' has precisely the same status , and the same justification as Shakespeare 's ' Ripeness is all . ' It is a speech ' in character ' and supported by a dramatic context . To conclude thus may seem to weight the principle of dramatic propriety with more than it can bear . This would not be fair to the complexity of the problem of truth in art nor fair to Keats 's little parable . Granted ; and yet the principle of dramatic propriety may take us further than would first appear . Respect for it may at least insure our dealing with the problem of truth at the level on which it is really relevant to literature .
Public domain
A public domain book is a book with no copyright , a book that was created without a license , or a book where its copyrights expired or have been forfeited . Every book and tale written prior to 1787 ( or 1947 in most countries ) is in the public domain , among them , every book written by Jane Austen , Lewis Carroll , Edgar Allan Poe and H.G. Wells .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
If citation templates are used in an article , the parameters should be accurate . It is inappropriate to set parameters to false values to cause the template to render as if it were written in some style other than the style normally produced by the template ( e.g. , MLA style ) .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Inserting short citations ( see below ) that then refer to a full list of source texts Parenthetical references ( see below ) are an established subformat of this , which forgoes the use of inline notes and simply puts the short citation in the main body . Using list - defined references by collecting the full citation code within the reference list template , and then inserting them in the text with < ref name = `` ABC '' / > tags .
Great Expectations
Great Expectations contains the elements of a variety of different literary genres , including the bildungsroman , gothic novel , crime novel , as well as comedy , melodrama and satire ; and it belongs -- like Wuthering Heights and the novels of Walter Scott -- to the romance rather than realist tradition of the novel .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Forms of short citations used include author - date referencing ( APA style , Harvard style , or Chicago style ) , and author - title or author - page referencing ( MLA style or Chicago style ) . As before , the list of footnotes is automatically generated in a `` Notes '' or `` Footnotes '' section , which immediately precedes the `` References '' section containing the full citations to the source . Short citations can be written manually , or by using the ( ( sfn ) ) or ( ( harvnb ) ) templates . ( Note that templates should not be added without consensus to an article that already uses a consistent referencing style . ) The short citations and full citations may be linked so that the reader can click on the short note to find full information about the source . See the template documentation for details and solutions to common problems . For variations with and without templates , see wikilinks to full references . For a set of realistic examples , see these .
Novel
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New Testament
Despite the wide variety among Christian liturgies , texts from the New Testament play a role in almost all forms of Christian worship . In addition to some language derived from the New Testament in the liturgy itself ( e.g. , the Trisagion may be based on Apocalypse 4 : 8 , and the beginning of the `` Hymn of Praise '' draws upon Luke 2 : 14 ) , the reading of extended passages from the New Testament is a practice common to almost all Christian worship , liturgical or not .
One Thousand and One Nights
Haunting is used as a plot device in gothic fiction and horror fiction , as well as modern paranormal fiction . Legends about haunted houses have long appeared in literature . In particular , the Arabian Nights tale of `` Ali the Cairene and the Haunted House in Baghdad '' revolves around a house haunted by jinns . The Nights is almost certainly the earliest surviving literature that mentions ghouls , and many of the stories in that collection involve or reference ghouls . A prime example is the story The History of Gherib and His Brother Agib ( from Nights vol. 6 ) , in which Gherib , an outcast prince , fights off a family of ravenous Ghouls and then enslaves them and converts them to Islam .
Novel
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) See
New Testament
Most scholars hold to the two - source hypothesis , which claims that the Gospel of Mark was written first . According to the hypothesis , the authors of the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke then used the Gospel of Mark and the hypothetical Q document , in addition to some other sources , to write their individual gospel accounts . These three gospels are called the Synoptic gospels because they include many of the same stories , often in the same sequence , and sometimes exactly the same wording . Scholars agree that the Gospel of John was written last , by using a different tradition and body of testimony . In addition , most scholars agree that the author of Luke wrote the Acts of the Apostles . Scholars hold that these books constituted two halves of a single work , Luke - Acts . Evangelist
Precedent
However , most legal texts have some lingering ambiguity -- inevitably , situations arise in which the words chosen by the legislature do not address the precise facts in issue , or there is some tension among two or more statutes . In such cases , a court must analyze the various available sources , and reach a resolution of the ambiguity . The `` Canons of statutory construction '' are discussed in a separate article . Once the ambiguity is resolved , that resolution has binding effect as described in the rest of this article .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Page links should only be added when the book is available for preview ; they will not work with snippet view . Keep in mind that availability varies by location . No editor is required to add page links , but if another editor adds them , they should not be removed without cause ; see the October 2010 RfC for further information .
Mesopotamia
A considerable amount of Babylonian literature was translated from Sumerian originals , and the language of religion and law long continued to be the old agglutinative language of Sumer . Vocabularies , grammars , and interlinear translations were compiled for the use of students , as well as commentaries on the older texts and explanations of obscure words and phrases . The characters of the syllabary were all arranged and named , and elaborate lists were drawn up .
Conflict (narrative)
Traditionally , conflict is a major literary element that creates challenges in a story by adding uncertainty to if the goal would be achieved . A narrative is not limited to a single conflict . While conflicts may not always resolve in narrative , the resolution of a conflict creates closure or fulfillment , which may or may not occur at a story 's end .
Primary election
While it is clear that the closed / semi-closed / semi-open / open classification commonly used by scholars studying primary systems does not fully explain the highly nuanced differences seen from state to state , still , it is very useful and has real - world implications for the electorate , election officials , and the candidates themselves .
Copyright
Copyright may apply to a wide range of creative , intellectual , or artistic forms , or `` works '' . Specifics vary by jurisdiction , but these can include poems , theses , fictional characters plays and other literary works , motion pictures , choreography , musical compositions , sound recordings , paintings , drawings , sculptures , photographs , computer software , radio and television broadcasts , and industrial designs . Graphic designs and industrial designs may have separate or overlapping laws applied to them in some jurisdictions .
History of the Church of England
This translation had a profound effect on English literature . The works of most famous authors such as John Milton , Herman Melville , John Dryden and William Wordsworth are deeply inspired by it .
Vaishnavism
Vaishnava traditions refer to the writings of previous acharyas in their respective lineage or sampradya as authoritative interpretations of scripture . While many schools like Smartism and Advaitism encourage interpretation of scriptures philosophically and metaphorically and not too literally , Vaishnavism stresses the literal meaning ( mukhya vṛitti ) as primary and indirect meaning ( gauṇa vṛitti ) as secondary : sākṣhād upadesas tu shrutih - `` The instructions of the shruti - shāstra should be accepted literally , without fanciful or allegorical interpretations . ''
Bible citation
The names of the books of the Bible can be abbreviated . Most Bibles give preferred abbreviation guides in their tables of contents , or at the front of the book . Abbreviations may be used when the citation is a reference that follows a block quotation of text .
English Civil War
Some scholars suggest that Behemoth has not received its due respect as an academic work , being comparatively overlooked and underrated in the shadow of Leviathan . One factor that may have contributed to its lack of reception as a historical work is that it takes the form of a dialogue . While philosophical dialogues are common , historical ones are not . Other factors that hindered its success include King Charles II 's refusing its publication and Hobbes ' chiefly interpretive approach to the historical narrative .
You can't have your cake and eat it
Alternatively , the two verbs can be understood to represent a sequence of actions , so one can indeed `` have '' one 's cake and then `` eat '' it . Consequently , the literal meaning of the reversed idiom does n't match the metaphorical meaning . The phrase can also have specialized meaning in academic contexts ; Classicist Katharina Volk of Columbia University has used the phrase to describe the development of poetic imagery in Latin didactic poetry , naming the principle behind the imagery 's adoption and application the `` have - one 's - cake - and - eat - it - too principle '' .
Native Son
Native Son contains several allusions to other works that were significant during Wright 's time . One of the major works that influenced Native Son was Harriet Beecher Stowe 's Uncle Tom 's Cabin ( 1852 ) , the best - selling novel of the 19th century which also played a major role in the abolitionist movement .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
WP : SAYWHEREYOUREADIT WP : SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT WP : SWYRT WP : SWYGT WP : SAYWHERE
Twelve Tables
In the book , The Twelve Tables , written by an anonymous source due to its origins being collaborated through a series of translations of tablets and ancient references , P.R. Coleman - Norton arranged and translated many of the significant features of debt that the Twelve Tables enacted into law during the 5th century . The translation of the legal features surrounding debt and derived from the known sources of the Twelve Tables are stated as such
Shakespeare's influence
Shakespeare 's works have been a major influence on subsequent theatre . Shakespeare created some of the most admired plays in Western literature ( with Macbeth , Hamlet and King Lear being ranked among the world 's greatest plays ) , and transformed English theatre by expanding expectations about what could be accomplished through plot and language . Specifically , in plays like Hamlet , Shakespeare `` integrated characterization with plot , '' such that if the main character was different in any way , the plot would be totally changed . In Romeo and Juliet , Shakespeare mixed tragedy and comedy together to create a new romantic tragedy genre ( previous to Shakespeare , romance had not been considered a worthy topic for tragedy ) . Through his soliloquies , Shakespeare showed how plays could explore a character 's inner motivations and conflict ( up until Shakespeare , soliloquies were often used by playwrights to `` introduce ( characters ) , convey information , provide an exposition or reveal plans '' ) .
Novel
Murasaki Shikibu 's Tale of Genji ( 1010 ) has been described as the world 's first novel and shows essentially all the qualities for which Marie de La Fayette 's novel La Princesse de Clèves ( 1678 ) has been praised : individuality of perception , an interest in character development , and psychological observation . Urbanization and the spread of printed books in Song Dynasty ( 960 - 1279 ) China led to the evolution of oral storytelling into consciously fictional novels by the Ming dynasty ( 1368 -- 1644 ) . Parallel European developments did not occur for centuries , and awaited the time when the availability of paper allowed for similar opportunities .
Precursor mRNA
It has been suggested that this article be merged into Primary transcript . ( Discuss ) Proposed since October 2016 .
The Coquette
Written in epistolary form , this novel allows the reader to directly engage with the events central to the plot by entering the minds of the characters . The letters serve as windows into the thoughts of the writers , creating an intimate connection . The reader also benefits from an unbiased perspective , since it is the culmination of different character 's input that creates the story . The epistolary form is also an intriguing way to captivate an audience . Reading letters addressed to others has a feeling akin to eavesdropping ; it exposes thoughts otherwise not publicly known .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
This page documents an English Wikipedia content guideline . It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow , though it is best treated with common sense , and occasional exceptions may apply . Any substantive edit to this page should reflect consensus . When in doubt , discuss first on the talk page . Shortcuts : WP : CS WP : CITE WP : REF