vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Berlin Wall
In 1955 , the Soviets gave East Germany authority over civilian movement in Berlin , passing control to a regime not recognized in the West . Initially , East Germany granted `` visits '' to allow its residents access to West Germany . However , following the defection of large numbers of East Germans under this regime , the new East German state legally restricted virtually all travel to the West in 1956 . Soviet East German ambassador Mikhail Pervukhin observed that `` the presence in Berlin of an open and essentially uncontrolled border between the socialist and capitalist worlds unwittingly prompts the population to make a comparison between both parts of the city , which unfortunately does not always turn out in favour of Democratic ( East ) Berlin . ''
Berlin Wall
The wave of refugees leaving East Germany for the West kept increasing . By early November refugees were finding their way to Hungary via Czechoslovakia , or via the West German Embassy in Prague . This was tolerated by the new Krenz government , because of long - standing agreements with the communist Czechoslovak government , allowing free travel across their common border . However this movement of people grew so large it caused difficulties for both countries . To ease the difficulties , the politburo led by Krenz decided on 9 November to allow refugees to exit directly through crossing points between East Germany and West Germany , including between East and West Berlin . Later the same day , the ministerial administration modified the proposal to include private , round - trip , travel . The new regulations were to take effect the next day .
Berlin Wall
Several other border crossings existed between West Berlin and surrounding East Germany . These could be used for transit between West Germany and West Berlin , for visits by West Berliners into East Germany , for transit into countries neighbouring East Germany ( Poland , Czechoslovakia , Denmark ) , and for visits by East Germans into West Berlin carrying a permit . After the 1972 agreements , new crossings were opened to allow West Berlin waste to be transported into East German dumps , as well as some crossings for access to West Berlin 's exclaves ( see Steinstücken ) .
Big Ben
Despite being one of the world 's most famous tourist attractions , the interior of the tower is not open to overseas visitors , though United Kingdom residents were able to arrange tours ( well in advance ) through their Member of Parliament before the current repair works . However , the tower currently has no lift , though one is being installed , so those escorted had to climb the 334 limestone stairs to the top .
Berlin Wall
There were nine border crossings between East and West Berlin . These allowed visits by West Berliners , other West Germans , Western foreigners and Allied personnel into East Berlin , as well as visits by GDR citizens and citizens of other socialist countries into West Berlin , provided that they held the necessary permits . These crossings were restricted according to which nationality was allowed to use it ( East Germans , West Germans , West Berliners , other countries ) . The most famous was the vehicle and pedestrian checkpoint at the corner of Friedrichstraße and Zimmerstraße , also known as Checkpoint Charlie , which was restricted to Allied personnel and foreigners .
South Africa
South Africa is a popular tourist destination , and a substantial amount of revenue comes from tourism . Illegal immigrants are involved in informal trading . Many immigrants to South Africa continue to live in poor conditions , and the immigration policy has become increasingly restrictive since 1994 .
Berlin Wall
Remaining stretch of the Wall near Ostbahnhof in Friedrichshain called East Side Gallery , August 2006 Remains of the Wall adjacent to the Topography of Terror , August 2007 A memorial of over a thousand crosses and a segment of the Wall for those who died trying to cross . The memorial stood for ten months in 2004 and 2005 before it was removed . A `` BERLINER MAUER 1961 -- 1989 '' plaque near Checkpoint Charlie signifying where the Wall stood Display of two sections of the Wall and a `` You are leaving '' sign at Fort Gordon , Georgia The Berlin Wall from the East Berlin side , 1967 A sign reading `` Until we see each other again in the capital of the GDR '' Czech hedgehog antitank obstacles and the Wall An exhibition dedicated to the 25th anniversary to the Berlin Wall destruction was located at Potsdamer Platz Arkaden Line indicating where the Wall once stood , just off Potsdamer Platz , in 2015
Virunga National Park
Virunga fared well for the better part of the 1970s . Foreign investment helped to improve the park 's infrastructure and training facilities , and the park became a popular destination for tourists , receiving on average 6500 visitors a year . In 1979 UNESCO designated the park as a World Heritage Site .
Israel
Tourism , especially religious tourism , is an important industry in Israel , with the country 's temperate climate , beaches , archaeological , other historical and biblical sites , and unique geography also drawing tourists . Israel 's security problems have taken their toll on the industry , but the number of incoming tourists is on the rebound . In 2017 , a record of 3.6 million tourists visited Israel , yielding a 25 percent growth since 2016 and contributed NIS 20 billion to the Israeli economy .
History of Puerto Rico
Present - day Puerto Rico has become a major tourist destination and a leading pharmaceutical and manufacturing center , as well as a major financial center for the Caribbean .
Economy of Mexico
Tourism is one of the most important industries in Mexico . It is the fourth largest source of foreign exchange for the country . Mexico is the eighth most visited country in the world ( with over 20 million tourists a year ) .
Old City (Jerusalem)
The Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls UNESCO World Heritage Site Criteria Cultural : ii , iii , vi Reference 148 Inscription 1981 ( 5th Session ) Endangered 1982 -- present
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
In November 2009 , Disney received approval from the central government of China to build a Disney theme park , Shanghai Disneyland Park , in Shanghai 's Pudong district . `` China is one of the most dynamic , exciting and important countries in the world and this approval marks a very significant milestone for Walt Disney Co in mainland China , '' said Robert Iger , president and CEO of Disney . The resort opened on June 16 , 2016 . A groundbreaking ceremony took place on April 7 , 2011 .
Forbidden City
To the west lies Zhongnanhai , a former royal garden centred on two connected lakes , which now serves as the central headquarters for the Communist Party of China and the State Council of the People 's Republic of China . To the north - west lies Beihai Park , also centred on a lake connected to the southern two , and a popular royal park .
Saudi Arabia
Although most tourism in Saudi Arabia still largely involves religious pilgrimages , there is growth in the leisure tourism sector . According to the World Bank , approximately 14.3 million people visited Saudi Arabia in 2012 , making it the world 's 19th-most - visited country . Tourism is an important component of the Saudi Vision 2030 and according to a report conducted by BMI Research in 2018 , both religious and non-religious tourism have potential for significant expansion .
Sustainability
Sustainability is central to underpinning feelings of authenticity in tourism . Experiences can be enhanced when substituting the contrived for the genuine , and at the same time inspire a potentially deleterious appetite for follow - up visits to the real thing : objectively authentic sites untouched by repair or rejuvenation . Feelings of authenticity at a tourist site are thus implicitly linked to sustainable tourism ; as the maximisation of existential `` felt '' authenticity at sites of limited historical provenance increases the likelihood of return visits .
Forbidden City
Since 1925 the Forbidden City has been under the charge of the Palace Museum , whose extensive collection of artwork and artefacts were built upon the imperial collections of the Ming and Qing dynasties . Part of the museum 's former collection is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei . Both museums descend from the same institution , but were split after the Chinese Civil War . Since 2012 , the Forbidden City has seen an average of 15 million visitors annually , and had 16 million visitors in 2016 .
Malaysia
In an effort to diversify the economy and make it less dependent on export goods , the government has pushed to increase tourism to Malaysia . As a result , tourism has become Malaysia 's third largest source of foreign exchange , although it is threatened by the negative effects of the growing industrial economy , with large amounts of air and water pollution along with deforestation affecting tourism . The tourism sector came under some pressure in 2014 when the national carrier Malaysia Airlines had one of its planes disappear in March , while another was brought down by a missile over Ukraine in July , resulting in the loss of a total 537 passengers and crew . The state of the airline , which had been unprofitable for 3 years , prompted the government in August 2014 to nationalise the airline by buying up the 30 per cent it did not already own . Between 2013 and 2014 , Malaysia has been listed as one of the best places to retire to in the world , with the country in third position on the Global Retirement Index . This in part was the result of the Malaysia My Second Home programme to allow foreigners to live in the country on a long - stay visa for up to 10 years . In 2016 , Malaysia ranked the fifth position on The World 's Best Retirement Havens while getting in the first place as the best place in Asia to retire . Warm climate with British colonial background made foreigners easy to interact with the locals .
Great Barrier Reef
Due to its vast biodiversity , warm clear waters and accessibility from the tourist boats called `` live aboards '' , the reef is a very popular destination , especially for scuba divers . Tourism on the Great Barrier Reef is concentrated in Cairns and also The Whitsundays due to their accessibility . These areas make up 7 % -- 8 % of the Park 's area . The Whitsundays and Cairns have their own Plans of Management . Many cities along the Queensland coast offer daily boat trips . Several continental and coral cay islands are now resorts , including Green Island and Lady Elliot Island . As of 1996 , 27 islands on the Great Barrier Reef supported resorts .
Berlin Wall
Road : the Helmstedt - Berlin autobahn ( A2 ) ( checkpoints Alpha and Bravo respectively ) . Soviet military personnel manned these checkpoints and processed Allied personnel for travel between the two points . Military personnel were required to be in uniform when traveling in this manner . Rail : Western Allied military personnel and civilian officials of the Allied forces were forbidden to use commercial train service between West Germany and West Berlin , because of GDR passport and customs controls when using them . Instead , the Allied forces operated a series of official ( duty ) trains that traveled between their respective duty stations in West Germany and West Berlin . When transiting the GDR , the trains would follow the route between Helmstedt and Griebnitzsee , just outside West Berlin . In addition to persons traveling on official business , authorized personnel could also use the duty trains for personal travel on a space - available basis . The trains traveled only at night , and as with transit by car , Soviet military personnel handled the processing of duty train travelers . ( See History of the Berlin S - Bahn . )
Santiago de Compostela
Tourism is very important thanks to the Way of St. James , particularly in Holy Compostelan Years ( when 25 July falls on a Sunday ) . Following the Xunta 's considerable investment and hugely successful advertising campaign for the Holy Year of 1993 , the number of pilgrims completing the route has been steadily rising . More than 272,000 pilgrims made the trip during the course of the Holy Year of 2010 . Following 2010 , the next Holy Year will not be for another 11 years when St James feast day again falls on a Sunday . Outside of Holy Years , the city still receives a remarkable number of pilgrims . In 2013 , 215,880 people completed the pilgrimage . In 2014 , there were 237,983 persons . In 2015 , there were 262,513 persons and in 2016 , there were 277,854 persons .
17-Mile Drive
The hotel was the starting and finishing point for 17 - Mile Drive , ( originally called the 18 - mile Drive by hotel operators ) . The drive was offered as a pleasure excursion to hotel guests , and was intended to attract wealthy buyers of large and scenic residential plots on PIC land . Sightseers riding horses or carriages along the 17 - Mile Drive sometimes stopped at Pebble Beach to pick up agate and other stones polished smooth by the waves , and they commented on a few unusual tree formations known as the Witch Tree and the Ostrich Tree -- the latter formed by two trees leaning on each other . At that time , the Chinese fishing community continued in existence despite mounting anti-Chinese sentiment among Monterey residents of European heritage . At roadside stands , Chinese - American girls sold shells and polished pebbles to tourists . In the 1900s , the automobile began replacing horses on 17 - Mile Drive , and by 1907 there were only automobiles . The drive featured region 's historical sites , forests , and on to the coastal scenic attractions in the Hotel Del Monte Park Reservation , as it was known at the time . The
Ho Chi Minh City
In 2007 , three million foreign tourists , about 70 % of the total number of tourists to Vietnam , visited the city . Total cargo transport to Ho Chi Minh City 's ports reached 50.5 million metric tonnes , nearly one - third of the total for Vietnam .
Hawaii
Tourism is an important part of the Hawaiian economy . In 2003 , according to state government data , there were over 6.4 million visitors , with expenditures of over $10 billion , to the Hawaiian Islands . Due to the mild year - round weather , tourist travel is popular throughout the year . The major holidays are the most popular times for outsiders to visit , especially in the winter months . Substantial numbers of Japanese tourists still visit the islands but have now been surpassed by Chinese and Koreans due to the collapse of the value of the Yen and the weak Japanese economy . The average Japanese stays only 5 days while other Asians spend over 9.5 days and spend 25 % more .
Alice Springs
Today the town is an important tourist hub and service centre for the surrounding area . It is a well - appointed town for its size , with several large hotels , a world - class convention centre , and a good range of visitor attractions , restaurants , and other services .
Thebes, Egypt
In 1979 , the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage site . The two great temples -- Luxor Temple and Karnak -- and the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens are among the great achievements of ancient Egypt .
Berlin Wall
Is it not an act of political depravity when citizens , whether young people , workers , or members of the intelligentsia , leave and betray what our people have created through common labour in our republic to offer themselves to the American or British secret services or work for the West German factory owners , Junkers , or militarists ? Does not leaving the land of progress for the morass of an historically outdated social order demonstrate political backwardness and blindness ? ...
Old City (Jerusalem)
The Old City is home to several sites of key religious importance : the Temple Mount and Western Wall for Jews , the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for Christians and the Dome of the Rock and al - Aqsa Mosque for Muslims . It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site List in 1981 .
Karachi
Karachi is a tourist destination for domestic and international tourists . Tourist attractions near Karachi city include :
Times Square
Times Square is a major commercial intersection , tourist destination , entertainment center and neighborhood in the Midtown Manhattan section of New York City at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue . It stretches from West 42nd to West 47th Streets . Brightly adorned with billboards and advertisements , Times Square is sometimes referred to as `` The Crossroads of the World '' , `` The Center of the Universe '' , `` the heart of The Great White Way '' , and the `` heart of the world '' . One of the world 's busiest pedestrian areas , it is also the hub of the Broadway Theater District and a major center of the world 's entertainment industry . Times Square is one of the world 's most visited tourist attractions , drawing an estimated 50 million visitors annually . Approximately 330,000 people pass through Times Square daily , many of them tourists , while over 460,000 pedestrians walk through Times Square on its busiest days .
Berlin Wall
West Germans and West Berliners were allowed visa - free travel starting 23 December . Until then , they could only visit East Germany and East Berlin under restrictive conditions that involved application for a visa several days or weeks in advance and obligatory exchange of at least 25 DM per day of their planned stay , all of which hindered spontaneous visits . Thus , in the weeks between 9 November and 23 December , East Germans could actually travel more freely than Westerners .
Chinese Tributary System
Mongolia , Xinjiang , and Tibet , although outside China Proper , were still considered within Chinese jurisdiction , and Beijing had the right to post agents and armed forces there . Joseon ( Korea ) , Ryukyu Kingdom ( a part of Japan ) , Annam ( present - day Vietnam ) , Siam ( Thailand ) , Burma ( Myanmar ) , and Nepal were `` tributary states , '' which sent regular tribute missions .
Ho Chi Minh City
The city 's location on the Saigon River makes it a bustling commercial and passenger port ; besides a constant stream of cargo ships , passenger boats operate regularly between Ho Chi Minh City and various destinations in Southern Vietnam and Cambodia , including Vũng Tàu , Cần Thơ and the Mekong Delta , and Phnom Penh . Traffic between Ho Chi Minh City and Vietnam 's southern provinces has steadily increased over the years ; the Doi and Te Canals , the main routes to the Mekong Delta , receive 100,000 waterway vehicles every year , representing around 13 million tons of cargo . A project to dredge these routes has been approved to facilitate transport , to be implemented in 2011 -- 14 .
New Zealand
New Zealand is heavily dependent on international trade , particularly in agricultural products . Exports account for 24 % of its output , making New Zealand vulnerable to international commodity prices and global economic slowdowns . Food products made up 55 % of the value of all the country 's exports in 2014 ; wood was the second largest earner ( 7 % ) . Its major export partners are Australia , United States , Japan , China , and the United Kingdom . On 7 April 2008 , New Zealand and China signed the New Zealand -- China Free Trade Agreement , the first such agreement China has signed with a developed country . The service sector is the largest sector in the economy , followed by manufacturing and construction and then farming and raw material extraction . Tourism plays a significant role in the economy , contributing $12.9 billion ( or 5.6 % ) to New Zealand 's total GDP and supporting 7.5 % of the total workforce in 2016 . International visitor arrivals are expected to increase at a rate of 5.4 % annually up to 2022 . Wool
Forbidden City
The Forbidden City has served as the scene to many works of fiction . In recent years , it has been depicted in films and television series . Some notable examples include :
Silk Road
The southwestern route is believed to be the Ganges / Brahmaputra Delta , which has been the subject of international interest for over two millennia . Strabo , the 1st - century Roman writer , mentions the deltaic lands : `` Regarding merchants who now sail from Egypt ... as far as the Ganges , they are only private citizens ... '' His comments are interesting as Roman beads and other materials are being found at Wari - Bateshwar ruins , the ancient city with roots from much earlier , before the Bronze Age , presently being slowly excavated beside the Old Brahmaputra in Bangladesh . Ptolemy 's map of the Ganges Delta , a remarkably accurate effort , showed that his informants knew all about the course of the Brahmaputra River , crossing through the Himalayas then bending westward to its source in Tibet . It is doubtless that this delta was a major international trading center , almost certainly from much earlier than the Common Era . Gemstones and other merchandise from Thailand and Java were traded in the delta and through it . Chinese archaeological writer Bin Yang and some earlier writers and archaeologists , such as Janice Stargardt , strongly suggest this route of international trade as Sichuan - Yunnan - Burma - Bangladesh route . According to Bin Yang , especially from the 12th century the route was used to ship bullion from Yunnan ( gold and silver are among the minerals in which Yunnan is rich ) , through northern Burma , into modern Bangladesh , making use of the ancient route , known as the ' Ledo ' route . The emerging evidence of the ancient cities of Bangladesh , in particular Wari - Bateshwar ruins , Mahasthangarh , Bhitagarh , Bikrampur , Egarasindhur , and Sonargaon , are believed to be the international trade centers in this route .
United Kingdom
The UK service sector makes up around 73 % of GDP . London is one of the three `` command centres '' of the global economy ( alongside New York City and Tokyo ) , it is the world 's largest financial centre alongside New York , and it has the largest city GDP in Europe . Edinburgh is also one of the largest financial centres in Europe . Tourism is very important to the British economy ; with over 27 million tourists arriving in 2004 , the United Kingdom is ranked as the sixth major tourist destination in the world and London has the most international visitors of any city in the world . The creative industries accounted for 7 % GVA in 2005 and grew at an average of 6 % per annum between 1997 and 2005 .
Berlin Wall
Four autobahns connected West Berlin to West Germany , the most famous being the Berlin - Helmstedt autobahn , which entered East German territory between the towns of Helmstedt and Marienborn ( Checkpoint Alpha ) , and which entered West Berlin at Dreilinden ( Checkpoint Bravo for the Allied forces ) in southwestern Berlin . Access to West Berlin was also possible by railway ( four routes ) and by boat for commercial shipping via canals and rivers .
Kenya
Tourism in Kenya is the second - largest source of foreign exchange revenue following agriculture . The Kenya Tourism Board is responsible for maintaining information pertaining to tourism in Kenya . The main tourist attractions are photo safaris through the 60 national parks and game reserves . Other attractions include the wildebeest migration at the Masaai Mara which is considered the 7th wonder of the world , historical mosques and colonial - era forts at Mombasa , Malindi , and Lamu ; the renowned vast scenery like the snow white capped Mount Kenya , the Great Rift Valley ; the tea plantations at Kericho ; the coffee plantations at Thika ; a splendid view of Mt . Kilimanjaro across the border into Tanzania ; and the beaches along the Swahili Coast , in the Indian Ocean . Tourists , the largest number being from Germany and the United Kingdom , are attracted mainly to the coastal beaches and the game reserves , notably , the expansive East and Tsavo West National Park 20,808 square kilometres ( 8,034 sq mi ) in the southeast .