vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Color motion picture film
After experimenting with additive systems ( including a camera with two apertures , one with a red filter , one with a green filter ) from 1915 to 1921 , Dr. Herbert Kalmus , Dr. Daniel Comstock , and mechanic W. Burton Wescott developed a subtractive color system for Technicolor . The system used a beam splitter in a specially modified camera to send red and green light to adjacent frames of one strip of black - and - white film . From this negative , skip - printing was used to print each color 's frames contiguously onto film stock with half the normal base thickness . The two prints were chemically toned to roughly complementary hues of red and green , then cemented together , back to back , into a single strip of film . The first film to use this process was The Toll of the Sea ( 1922 ) starring Anna May Wong . Perhaps the most ambitious film to use it was The Black Pirate ( 1926 ) , starring and produced by Douglas Fairbanks .
Zihuatanejo
Airlines : Aeromexico , Interjet , Air Canada ( seasonal ) , Alaska Airlines , American Airlines ( seasonal ) , Delta Air Lines ( seasonal ) , United Airlines , WestJet .
United Kingdom
The aerospace industry of the UK is the second - or third - largest national aerospace industry in the world depending upon the method of measurement and has an annual turnover of around £ 30 billion . In 2016 , the global market opportunity for UK aerospace manufacturers over the next two decades was estimated to be £ 3.5 trillion . The wings for the Airbus A380 and the A350 XWB are designed and manufactured at Airbus UK 's world - leading Broughton facility , whilst over a quarter of the value of the Boeing 787 comes from UK manufacturers including Eaton ( fuel subsystem pumps ) , Messier - Bugatti - Dowty ( the landing gear ) and Rolls - Royce ( the engines ) . Other key names include GKN Aerospace -- an expert in metallic and composite aerostructures that 's involved in almost every civil and military fixed and rotary wing aircraft in production and development today . Engines
Color motion picture film
By 1953 , and especially with the introduction of anamorphic wide screen CinemaScope , Eastmancolor became a marketing imperative as CinemaScope was incompatible with Technicolor 's Three - Strip camera and lenses . Indeed , Technicolor Corp became one of the best , if not the best , processor of Eastmancolor negative , especially for so - called `` wide gauge '' negatives ( 65mm , 8 - perf 35mm , 6 - perf 35mm ) , yet it far preferred its own 35mm dye - transfer printing process for Eastmancolor - originated films with a print run that exceeded 500 prints , not withstanding the significant `` loss of register '' that occurred in such prints that were expanded by CinemaScope 's 2X horizontal factor , and , to a lesser extent , with so - called `` flat wide screen '' ( variously 1.66 : 1 or 1.85 : 1 , but spherical and not anamorphic ) . This nearly fatal flaw was not corrected until 1955 and caused numerous features initially printed by Technicolor to be scrapped and reprinted by DeLuxe Labs . ( These features are often billed as `` Color by Technicolor - DeLuxe '' . ) Indeed , some Eastmancolor - originated films billed as `` Color by Technicolor '' were never actually printed using the dye - transfer process , due in part to the throughput limitations of Technicolor 's dye - transfer printing process , and competitor DeLuxe 's superior throughput . Incredibly , DeLuxe once had a license to install a Technicolor - type dye - transfer printing line , but as the `` loss of register '' problems became apparent in Fox 's CinemaScope features that were printed by Technicolor , after Fox had become an all - CinemaScope producer , Fox - owned DeLuxe Labs abandoned its plans for dye - transfer printing and became , and remained , an all - Eastmancolor shop , as Technicolor itself later became .
Photo booth
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Adobe Photoshop
Third - party plugins have also been added to the most recent version of Photoshop where technologies such as the iPad have integrated the software with different types of applications . Applications like the Adobe Eazel painting app allows the user to easily create paintings with their fingertips and use an array of different paint from dry to wet in order to create rich color blending .
Livery
A livery company is the name used for a guild in the City of London ; members of the company were allowed to dress their servants in the distinctive uniform of their trade , and the company 's charters enabled them to prevent others from embarking upon the trades within the company 's jurisdiction . Following on from the decoration of horse - drawn carriages , a livery is the common design and paint scheme a company will use on its vehicles , often using specific colors and logo placement . In this sense , the term is applied to railway locomotives and rolling stock , ships , aircraft , and road vehicles . For example , United Parcel Service has trucks with a well - known brown livery . Another example is the British Airways ethnic liveries . The term has become extended to the logos , colors and other distinctive styles of companies in general . See also trade dress . `` Vehicle Livery '' can be used to promote a brand or for unrelated advertising compared to the goods contained in the vehicle . This can enable companies to become iconic as a result of their livery . An example is Eddie Stobart trucks which have a deal with Corgi to sell replicas of their trucks with livery . The practice is very common with few brands not taking advantage of putting livery on their fleet . A livery is the specific paint scheme and sticker design used in motorsport , on vehicles , in order to attract sponsorship and to advertise sponsors . See Formula One sponsorship liveries . Aircraft livery is also the term describing the paint scheme of an aircraft . Most airlines have a standard paint scheme for their aircraft fleet , usually prominently displaying the airline logo or name . From time to time special liveries are introduced , for example prior to big events . A `` livery vehicle '' remains a legal term of art in the U.S. and Canada for a vehicle for hire , such as a taxicab or chauffeured limousine , but excluding a rented vehicle driven by the renter . In some jurisdictions a `` livery vehicle '' covers vehicles that carry up to fifteen passengers , but not more , thus including a jitney but excluding an omnibus or motorcoach . This usage stems from the hackney cabs or coaches that could be provided by a livery stable . By extension , there are boat livery companies for the hire of watercraft .
Red light camera
Some states have chosen to prohibit the use of red light cameras . These include Arkansas , Maine , Michigan , Mississippi , Montana , Nevada , New Hampshire and West Virginia .
Ship
In addition to traditional fixed and controllable pitch propellers there are many specialized variations , such as contra - rotating and nozzle - style propellers . Most vessels have a single propeller , but some large vessels may have up to four propellers supplemented with transverse thrusters for maneuvring at ports . The propeller is connected to the main engine via a propeller shaft and , in case of medium - and high - speed engines , a reduction gearbox . Some modern vessels have a diesel - electric powertrain in which the propeller is turned by an electric motor powered by the ship 's generators .
Arizona
Airports with regularly scheduled commercial flights include : Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport ( IATA : PHX , ICAO : KPHX ) in Phoenix ( the largest airport and the major international airport in the state ) ; Tucson International Airport ( IATA : TUS , ICAO : KTUS ) in Tucson ; Phoenix - Mesa Gateway Airport ( IATA : AZA , ICAO : KIWA ) in Mesa ; Yuma International Airport ( IATA : NYL , ICAO : KNYL ) in Yuma ; Prescott Municipal Airport ( PRC ) in Prescott ; Flagstaff Pulliam Airport ( IATA : FLG , ICAO : KFLG ) in Flagstaff , and Grand Canyon National Park Airport ( IATA : GCN , ICAO : KGCN , FAA : GCN ) , a small , but busy , single - runway facility providing tourist flights , mostly from Las Vegas . Phoenix Sky Harbor is currently 7th busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements , and 17th for passenger traffic .
List of Formula One broadcasters
Alongside the main World Feed , FOM also produce a Pit - lane channel , showing shots from the pitlane and alternative camera angles , along with detailed weather and tyre information , and extra team radio . FOM also produce onboard channels , showing live video from cameras installed on the drivers ' cars . The channels switch between different cars throughout the session . FOM also make available a `` Driver tracker '' channel , showing live positions of all the cars on the track during a session , as well as a timing screen showing live lap - times and circuit sector information .
Color motion picture film
Eastman Kodak introduced its own system of pre-tinted black - and - white film stocks called Sonochrome in 1929 . The Sonochrome line featured films tinted in seventeen different colors including Peachblow , Inferno , Candle Flame , Sunshine , Purple Haze , Firelight , Azure , Nocturne , Verdante , Aquagreen , Caprice , Fleur de Lis , Rose Doree , and the neutral - density Argent , which kept the screen from becoming excessively bright when switching to a black - and - white scene .
Star Alliance
Egyptair Airbus A330 with Star Alliance livery Turkish Airlines Airbus A340 with alliance livery Air India Boeing 787 - 8 with special Star Alliance livery Thai Airways International Airbus A330 with Star Alliance livery
Technology during World War II
Significantly , the bomber offensive kept the revolutionary Type XXI U-Boat from entering service during the war . Moreover , Allied air raids had a serious propaganda impact on the German government , all prompting Germany to begin serious development on air defence technology -- in the form of fighter planes .
Horses in warfare
Organised armed fighters on horseback are occasionally seen . The best - known current examples are the Janjaweed , militia groups seen in the Darfur region of Sudan , who became notorious for their attacks upon unarmed civilian populations in the Darfur conflict . Many nations still maintain small numbers of mounted military units for certain types of patrol and reconnaissance duties in extremely rugged terrain , including the conflict in Afghanistan .
Timeline of World War I
Theatres Western Eastern Italian Caucasian Middle Eastern Balkan African Naval Air Politics Asian and Pacific Gallipoli
Karachi
The category of `` others '' includes Dari , Gujarati , Dawoodi Bohra , Memon , Marwari , Brahui , Makrani , Hazara , Khowar , Burushaski , Arabic , Farsi and Bengali .
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)
Software packages that were primarily used are 3ds Max ( for modeling , lighting , rendering ) , Softimage ( for rigging and animation ) , Digital Fusion ( for compositing ) , Real Flow ( for fluid dynamics ) , Sony Vegas ( for editorial ) , Zbrush and Mudbox ( for organic modeling ) , and VRAY ( for rendering ) .
Technology during World War II
The great artillery manufacturer Krupp was soon active in the south of the USSR , near Rostov - on - Don . In 1925 , a flying school was established at Vivupal , near Lipetsk , to train the first pilots for the future Luftwaffe . Since 1926 , the Reichswehr had been able to use a tank school at Kazan ( codenamed Kama ) and a chemical weapons facility in Samara Oblast ( codenamed Tomka ) . In turn , the Red Army gained access to these training facilities , as well as military technology and theory from Weimar Germany .
Descriptive psychology
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Boeing B-29 Superfortress
The General Electric Central Fire Control system on the B - 29 directed four remotely controlled turrets armed with two . 50 Browning M2 machine guns each . All weapons were aimed optically with targeting computed by analog electrical instrumentation . There were five interconnected sighting stations located in the nose and tail positions and three Plexiglas blisters in the central fuselage . Five General Electric analog computers ( one dedicated to each sight ) increased the weapons ' accuracy by compensating for factors such as airspeed , lead , gravity , temperature and humidity . The computers also allowed a single gunner to operate two or more turrets ( including tail guns ) simultaneously . The gunner in the upper position acted as fire control officer , managing the distribution of turrets among the other gunners during combat . The tail position initially had two . 50 Browning machine guns and a single M2 20 mm cannon . Later aircraft had the 20 mm cannon removed , and sometimes replaced by a third machine gun .
Hot rod
There are magazines that feature traditional hot rods , including Hot Rod , Car Craft , Rod and Custom , and Popular Hot Rodding . There are also television shows such as My Classic Car , Horsepower TV , American Hot Rod , and Chop Cut Rebuild .
Metrication in the United Kingdom
The directive specifically excluded units of measurement used in international treaties relating to rail traffic , aviation and shipping such as expressing aircraft altitude in feet .
Communications satellite
Some manufacturers have also introduced special antennas for mobile reception of DBS television . Using Global Positioning System ( GPS ) technology as a reference , these antennas automatically re-aim to the satellite no matter where or how the vehicle ( on which the antenna is mounted ) is situated . These mobile satellite antennas are popular with some recreational vehicle owners . Such mobile DBS antennas are also used by JetBlue Airways for DirecTV ( supplied by LiveTV , a subsidiary of JetBlue ) , which passengers can view on - board on LCD screens mounted in the seats .
America's Cup
The America 's Cup , affectionately known as the `` Auld Mug '' , is a trophy awarded to the winner of the America 's Cup match races between two sailing yachts . One yacht , known as the defender , represents the yacht club that currently holds the America 's Cup and the second yacht , known as the challenger , represents the yacht club that is challenging for the cup . The timing of each match is determined by an agreement between the defender and the challenger . The America 's Cup is the oldest international sporting trophy . It will next be raced for in the southern summer , in the early part of 2021 .
Olympic Games
The athletes or teams who place first , second , or third in each event receive medals . The winners receive gold medals , which were solid gold until 1912 , then made of gilded silver and now gold - plated silver . Every gold medal however must contain at least six grams of pure gold . The runners - up receive silver medals and the third - place athletes are awarded bronze medals . In events contested by a single - elimination tournament ( most notably boxing ) , third place might not be determined and both semifinal losers receive bronze medals . At the 1896 Olympics only the first two received a medal ; silver for first and bronze for second . The current three - medal format was introduced at the 1904 Olympics . From 1948 onward athletes placing fourth , fifth , and sixth have received certificates , which became officially known as victory diplomas ; in 1984 victory diplomas for seventh - and eighth - place finishers were added . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , the gold , silver , and bronze medal winners were also given olive wreaths . The IOC does not keep statistics of medals won , but National Olympic Committees and the media record medal statistics as a measure of success .
FIFA World Cup
This new trophy is not awarded to the winning nation permanently . World Cup winners retain the trophy only until the post-match celebration is finished . They are awarded a gold - plated replica rather than the solid gold original immediately afterwards .
History of tennis
The idea of a Davis Cup - style tournament for national women 's teams is surprisingly old -- it was first proposed in 1919 by Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman . After she was turned down , she donated a trophy in 1923 that would be known as the Wightman Cup , awarded in an annual match between the two strongest women 's tennis nations of the time , the United States and Great Britain .
Melbourne Cup
The last Melbourne Cup trophy manufactured in England was made for the 1914 event . It was a chalice centred on a long base which had a horse at each end . The trophy awarded in 1916 , the first gold trophy , was a three - legged , three - armed rose bowl . The three - handled loving cup design was first awarded in 1919 . In that year the Victorian Racing Club had commissioned James Steeth to design a trophy that would be in keeping with the prestige of the race , little realising that it would become the iconic Melbourne Cup still presented today . In the Second World War years ( 1942 , 1943 and 1944 ) the winning owner received war bonds valued at 200 pounds .
Rory McIlroy
Ryder Cup ( representing Europe ) : 2010 ( winners ) , 2012 ( winners ) , 2014 ( winners ) , 2016 Seve Trophy ( representing Great Britain & Ireland ) : 2009 ( winners ) World Cup ( representing Ireland ) : 2009 , 2011
Yuvraj Singh
In a 2007 ICC World Twenty20 match , he hit six sixes in a single over . He holds the record for fastest T20 fifty by scoring it in 12 balls against England national cricket team during the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 He became the first all - rounder to 300 plus runs and to take 15 wickets in a single World Cup . He was the Man of the Tournament in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 . He was awarded with the Arjuna Award ( India 's second highest , Sporting Award ) in 2012 by the President of India . In 2014 , he was awarded with the Padma Shri Award . In February 2014 , he was honored with FICCI Most Inspiring Sportsperson of the Year Award .
Melbourne Cup
A new trophy is struck each year and becomes the property of the winning owner . In the event of a dead heat a second cup is on hand . The present trophy is hand spun from 1.65 kg of 18 - carat gold . The winning trainer and jockey also receive a miniature replica of the cup ( since 1973 ) and the strapper is awarded the Tommy Woodcock Trophy , named after the strapper of Phar Lap . Melbourne
Melbourne Cup
The winner of the first Melbourne Cup in 1861 received a gold watch . The first Melbourne Cup trophy was awarded in 1865 and was an elaborate silver bowl on a stand that had been manufactured in England . The first existing and un-altered Melbourne Cup is from 1866 , presented to the owners of The Barb ; as of 2013 , it is in the National Museum of Australia . The silver trophy presented in 1867 , now also in the National Museum of Australia , was also made in England but jewellers in Victoria complained to the Victorian Racing Club that the trophy should have been made locally . They believed the work of Melbournian , William Edwards , to be superior in both design and workmanship to the English made trophy . No trophy was awarded to the Melbourne Cup winner for the next eight years .
England at the FIFA World Cup
Four FIFA World Cup finals were officiated by English referees , more than by any other football association . The first Englishman to officiate a final , George Reader , is also the oldest World Cup referee to date , as he was 53 years and 236 days old at the 1950 decisive match between Uruguay and Brazil . The other final referees are William Ling ( 1954 ) , Jack Taylor ( 1974 ) and Howard Webb ( 2010 ) .
Olympic symbols
In 1997 , at a banquet hosted by the US Olympic Committee , a reporter was interviewing Hal Haig Prieste who had won a bronze medal in platform diving as a member of the 1920 US Olympic team . The reporter mentioned that the IOC had not been able to find out what had happened to the original Olympic flag . `` I can help you with that , '' Prieste said , `` It 's in my suitcase . '' At the end of the Antwerp Olympics , spurred on by teammate Duke Kahanamoku , he climbed a flagpole and stole the Olympic flag . For 77 years the flag was stored away in the bottom of his suitcase . The flag was returned to the IOC by Prieste , by then 103 years old , in a special ceremony held at the 2000 Games in Sydney . The original Antwerp Flag is now on display at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne , Switzerland , with a plaque thanking him for donating it . Oslo
Long jump
Games Gold Silver Bronze 1985 Paris Jan Leitner ( TCH ) Gyula Pálóczi ( HUN ) Giovanni Evangelisti ( ITA ) 1987 Indianapolis details Larry Myricks ( USA ) Paul Emordi ( NGR ) Giovanni Evangelisti ( ITA ) 1989 Budapest details Larry Myricks ( USA ) Dietmar Haaf ( FRG ) Mike Conley ( USA ) 1991 Seville details Dietmar Haaf ( GER ) Jaime Jefferson ( CUB ) Giovanni Evangelisti ( ITA ) 1993 Toronto details Iván Pedroso ( CUB ) Joe Greene ( USA ) Jaime Jefferson ( CUB ) 1995 Barcelona details Iván Pedroso ( CUB ) Mattias Sunneborn ( SWE ) Erick Walder ( USA ) 1997 Paris details Iván Pedroso ( CUB ) Kirill Sosunov ( RUS ) Joe Greene ( USA ) 1999 Maebashi details Iván Pedroso ( CUB ) Yago Lamela ( ESP ) Erick Walder ( USA ) 2001 Lisbon details Iván Pedroso ( CUB ) Kareem Streete - Thompson ( CAY ) Carlos Calado ( POR ) 2003 Birmingham details Dwight Phillips ( USA ) Yago Lamela ( ESP ) Miguel Pate ( USA ) 2004 Budapest details Savanté Stringfellow ( USA ) James Beckford ( JAM ) Vitaliy Shkurlatov ( RUS ) 2006 Moscow details Ignisious Gaisah ( GHA ) Irving Saladino ( PAN ) Andrew Howe ( ITA ) 2008 Valencia details Godfrey Khotso Mokoena ( RSA ) Chris Tomlinson ( GBR ) Mohammed Al - Khuwalidi ( KSA ) 2010 Doha details Fabrice Lapierre ( AUS ) Godfrey Khotso Mokoena ( RSA ) Mitchell Watt ( AUS ) 2012 Istanbul details Mauro Vinícius da Silva ( BRA ) Henry Frayne ( AUS ) Aleksandr Menkov ( RUS ) 2014 Sopot details Mauro Vinícius da Silva ( BRA ) Li Jinzhe ( CHN ) Michel Tornéus ( SWE ) 2016 Portland details Marquis Dendy ( USA ) Fabrice Lapierre ( AUS ) Huang Changzhou ( CHN ) 2018 Birmingham details Juan Miguel Echevarría ( CUB ) Luvo Manyonga ( RSA ) Marquis Dendy ( USA )
List of Rugby World Cup finals
The Rugby World Cup final is the last match of the competition . The winning team is declared world champion and receives the Webb Ellis Cup . If the score is a draw after 80 minutes of regular play , an additional 20 - minute period of play , called extra time , is added . If the score remains tied , an additional 10 minutes of sudden - death extra time are played , with the first team to score points immediately declared the winner . If no team is able to break the tie during extra time , the winner is ultimately decided by a penalty shootout . Two of the eight finals contested have gone to extra time : South Africa 's victory against New Zealand in the 1995 final , and England 's triumph against Australia in the 2003 final .