vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Kyrie Irving
In October 2017 , Irving stated in a preseason interview with NBA Countdown , `` This season I 've been on more of a plant - based diet diet , getting away from all the animals and all that . I had to get away from that . '' Irving also referenced his new diet in a December 2017 ad for Nike .
Glycogen
Long - distance athletes , such as marathon runners , cross-country skiers , and cyclists , often experience glycogen depletion , where almost all of the athlete 's glycogen stores are depleted after long periods of exertion without sufficient carbohydrate consumption . This phenomenon is referred to as `` hitting the wall '' .
List of diets
Beverly Hills Diet : An extreme diet which has only fruits in the first days , gradually increasing the selection of foods up to the sixth week . Cabbage soup diet : A low - calorie diet based on heavy consumption of cabbage soup . Considered a fad diet . Grapefruit diet : A fad diet , intended to facilitate weight loss , in which grapefruit is consumed in large quantities at meal times . Monotrophic diet : A diet that involves eating only one food item , or one type of food , for a period of time to achieve a desired weight reduction . Subway diet : A crash diet in which a person consumes Subway sandwiches in place of higher calorie fast foods . Made famous by former obese student Jared Fogle , who lost 245 pounds after replacing his meals with Subway sandwiches as part of an effort to lose weight . Western dietary pattern : A diet consisting of food which is most commonly consumed in developed countries . Examples include meat , white bread , milk and puddings . The name is a reference to the Western world .
List of diets
Not all diets are considered healthy . Some people follow unhealthy diets through habit , rather than through a conscious choice to eat unhealthily . Terms applied to such eating habits include `` junk food diet '' and `` Western diet '' . Many diets are considered by clinicians to pose significant health risks and minimal long - term benefit . This is particularly true of `` crash '' or `` fad '' diets -- short - term , weight - loss plans that involve drastic changes to a person 's normal eating habits .
List of diets
Diabetic diet : An umbrella term for diets recommended to people with diabetes . There is considerable disagreement in the scientific community as to what sort of diet is best for people with diabetes . DASH diet ( Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ) : A recommendation that those with high blood pressure consume large quantities of fruits , vegetables , whole - grains and low fat dairy foods as part of their diet , and avoid sugar sweetened foods , red meat and fats . Promoted by the US Department of Health and Human Services , a United States government organisation . Elemental diet : A medical , liquid - only diet , in which liquid nutrients are consumed for ease of ingestion . Elimination diet : A method of identifying foods which cause a person adverse effects , by process of elimination . Gluten - free diet : A diet which avoids the protein gluten , which is found in barley , rye and wheat . It is a medical treatment for gluten - related disorders , which include coeliac disease , non-celiac gluten sensitivity , gluten ataxia , dermatitis herpetiformis and wheat allergy . Gluten - free , casein - free diet : A gluten - free diet which also avoids casein , a protein commonly found in milk and cheese . Healthy kidney diet : This diet is for those impacted with chronic kidney disease , those with only one kidney who have a kidney infection and those who may be suffering from some other kidney failure . This diet is not the dialysis diet , which is something completely different . The healthy kidney diet restricts large amounts of protein which are hard for the kidney to break down but especially limits : potassium and phosphorus - rich foods and beverages . Liquids are often restricted as well -- not forbidden , just less of . Ketogenic diet : A high - fat , low - carb diet , in which dietary and body fat is converted into energy . It is used as a medical treatment for refractory epilepsy . Liquid diet : A diet in which only liquids are consumed . May be administered by clinicians for medical reasons , such as after a gastric bypass or to prevent death through starvation from a hunger strike .
Sleep
Dietary and nutritional choices affect sleep duration and quality . Research is being conducted in an attempt to discover what kinds of nutritional choices result in better sleep quality . A study in the Western Journal of Nursing Research in 2011 compared how sleep quality was affected by four different diets : a high - protein diet , a high - fat diet , a high - carbohydrate diet , and a control diet . Results indicated that the diets high in protein resulted in fewer wakeful episodes during night - time sleep . The high carbohydrate diet was linked to much shorter periods of quiescent or restful sleep . These results suggest that ingested nutrients do play a role in determining sleep quality . Another investigation published in Nutrition Research in 2012 examined the effects of various combinations of dietary choices in regard to sleep . Although it is difficult to determine one perfect diet for sleep enhancement , this study indicated that a variety of micro and macro nutrients are needed to maintain levels of healthful and restful sleep . A varied diet containing fresh fruits and vegetables , low - fat proteins , and whole grains can be the best nutritional option for individuals seeking to improve the quality of their sleep .
German Shepherd
It is essential to feed a well - balanced diet designed for large breeds like the German shepherd , to ensure adequate growth rates and proper maintenance of musculoskeletal health. Dietary energy levels should be monitored and controlled throughout all life stages and activity levels of the German shepherd to assist in the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms . Several dietary factors play a crucial role in maintaining skeletal health and are described as follows .
Supercompensation
In classical sport science , the yearly ( sometimes multi-yearly ) period is divided to micro and macro cycles , where each microcycle is responsible for the development of a specific ( sometimes several ) basic training function and parameter , whereas macrocycles are responsible for the development of complex parameters / functions ( such as muscle strength ) . During each microcycle , the resting period is the same as the amount of time needed for reaching the supercompensation stage of the current training parameter / function ( also during such a micro cycle there should n't be any negative influence on the recovery of the main function ) . Such a training method will work only when the developed functions / parameters are non-related . Unfortunately , for muscle strength and mass this is not the case ( functions / parameters are related ) . Therefore , for muscle strength and mass different approaches are needed . During a training cycle the intensity and volume of training varies , waves of different functions are overlaid so that until the end of the microcycle supercompensation of the main required functions is achieved .
List of diets
An individual 's diet is the sum of food and drink that he or she habitually consumes . Dieting is the practice of attempting to achieve or maintain a certain weight through diet . People 's dietary choices are often affected by a variety of factors , including ethical and religious beliefs , clinical need , or a desire to control weight .
List of diets
Some people 's dietary choices are influenced by their religious , spiritual or philosophical beliefs .
Food pyramid (nutrition)
The fats group as a whole have been put at the tip of the pyramid , under the direction to eat as little as possible , which is largely problematic . Under the guide , one would assume to avoid fats and fatty foods , which can lead to health problems . For one , fat is essential in a person 's general sustainability . Research suggests that unsaturated fats aid in weight loss , reduce heart disease risk , lower blood sugar , and even lower cholesterol . These fats can be found in olive oil , nuts , pesto , seafood ( including fish , shrimp , squid , and krill among many more ) and avocados . Also , they are very long sustaining , and help keep blood sugar at a steady level . On top of that , these fats help brain function as well .
Pierre de Coubertin
What Coubertin saw on the playing fields of Rugby and the other English schools he visited was how `` organised sport can create moral and social strength '' . Not only did organised games help to set the mind and body in equilibrium , it also prevented the time being wasted in other ways . First developed by the ancient Greeks , it was an approach to education that he felt the rest of the world had forgotten and to whose revival he was to dedicate the rest of his life .
Olympic Games
In the early 20th century , many Olympic athletes began using drugs to improve their athletic abilities . For example , in 1904 , Thomas Hicks , a gold medallist in the marathon , was given strychnine by his coach . The only Olympic death linked to performance enhancing occurred at the 1960 Rome games . A Danish cyclist , Knud Enemark Jensen , fell from his bicycle and later died . A coroner 's inquiry found that he was under the influence of amphetamines . By the mid-1960s , sports federations started to ban the use of performance - enhancing drugs ; in 1967 the IOC followed suit .
Statin
Clinical practice guidelines generally recommend people try `` lifestyle modification '' , including a cholesterol - lowering diet and physical exercise , before statin use . Statins or other pharmacologic agents may be recommended for those who do not meet their lipid - lowering goals through diet and lifestyle changes . Statins appear to work equally well in males and females .
X-Men: Days of Future Past
A mutant who can transform his body into organic steel , which grants him superhuman strength , stamina , and durability while in that form . Cudmore was asked whether he trained for his role , he replied , `` I did n't have a ton of time to get film ready for this . A trainer friend of mine from Vancouver put together a quick little workout program for me . Since the role was for Colossus , I was aiming to bulk up a bit and get stronger . I ended up eating a lot more . Because of how much I was eating , I had to eat every 2 - 3 hours to keep my calories up '' .
Famine
Deficient micronutrients can be provided through fortifying foods . Fortifying foods such as peanut butter sachets ( see Plumpy'Nut ) have revolutionized emergency feeding in humanitarian emergencies because they can be eaten directly from the packet , do not require refrigeration or mixing with scarce clean water , can be stored for years and , vitally , can be absorbed by extremely ill children . A
List of diets
People 's dietary choices are sometimes affected by intolerance or allergy to certain types of food . There are also dietary patterns that might be recommended , prescribed or administered by medical professionals for people with specific medical needs .
Food pyramid (nutrition)
A food pyramid 's tip is the smallest part , so the fats and sweets in the top of the Food Pyramid should comprise the smallest percentage of the diet . The foods at the top of the food pyramid should be eaten sparingly because they provide calories , but not much in the way of nutrition . These foods include salad dressings , oils , cream , butter , margarine , sugars , soft drinks , candies , and sweet desserts . Dairy
List of diets
Crash diet and fad diet are general terms . They describe diet plans which involve making extreme , rapid changes to food consumption , but are also used as disparaging terms for common eating habits which are considered unhealthy . Both types of diet are often considered to pose health risks . Many of the diets listed here are weight - loss diets which would also fit into other sections of this list . Where this is the case , it will be noted in that diet 's entry .
Citric acid cycle
The metabolic role of lactate is well recognized as a fuel for tissues and tumors . In the classical Cori cycle , muscles produce lactate which is then taken up by the liver for gluconeogenesis . New studies suggest that lactate can be used as a source of carbon for the TCA cycle .
List of diets
Intermittent fasting : Cycling between non-fasting and fasting as a method of calorie restriction . Body for Life : A calorie - control diet , promoted as part of the 12 - week Body for Life program . Cookie diet : A calorie control diet in which low - fat cookies are eaten to quell hunger , often in place of a meal . The Hacker 's Diet : A calorie - control diet from The Hacker 's Diet by John Walker . The book suggests that the key to reaching and maintaining the desired weight is understanding and carefully monitoring calories consumed and used . Nutrisystems Diet : The dietary element of the weight - loss plan from Nutrisystem , Inc . Nutrisystem distributes low - calorie meals , with specific ratios of fats , proteins and carbohydrates . Weight Watchers diet : Foods are assigned point values ; dieters can eat any food with a point value provided they stay within their daily point limit . Very
Chinese food therapy
Chinese food therapy ( simplified Chinese : 食疗 ; traditional Chinese : 食療 ; pinyin : shíliáo ; literally : `` food therapy '' , also called nutrition therapy and dietary therapy ) is a mode of dieting rooted in Chinese beliefs concerning the effects of food on the human organism , and centered on concepts such as eating in moderation . Its basic precepts are a mix of folk views and concepts drawn from traditional Chinese medicine .
Food pyramid (nutrition)
These foods provide complex carbohydrates , which are an important source of energy , especially for a low - fat meal plan . Examples include corn , wheat , pasta , and rice . Fruits
Nutrition and cognition
Intake of the vitamin has been linked to deficits in learning and memory , particularly within the elderly population . Elderly people deficient in folate may present with deficits in free recall and recognition , which suggests that levels of folate may be related to efficacy of episodic memory . Lack of adequate folate may produce a form of dementia considered to be reversible with administration of the vitamin . Indeed , there is a degree of improvement in memory associated with folate treatment . In a 3 - year longitudinal study of men and women aged 50 -- 70 years with elevated homocysteine plasma concentration , researchers found that a daily oral folic acid supplementation of 800μg resulted in an increase in folate levels and a decrease in homocysteine levels within blood plasma . In addition to these results , improvements of memory , and information - processing speed , as well as slight improvements of sensorimotor speed were observed , which suggests there is a link between homocysteine and cognitive performance . However , while the amount of cognitive improvement after treatment with folate is correlated with the severity of folate deficiency , the severity of cognitive decline is independent of the severity of folate deficiency . This suggests that the dementia observed may not be entirely related to levels folate , as there could be additional factors that were not accounted for which might have an effect .
Food pyramid (nutrition)
The Harvard School of Public Health proposes a healthy eating pyramid , which includes calcium and multi-vitamin supplements as well as moderate amounts of alcohol , as an alternative to the Food Guide Pyramid . Many observers believe that the Harvard pyramid follows the results of nutrition studies published in peer - reviewed scientific journals more closely . But in their book Fantastic Voyage : Live Long Enough to Live Forever , published in 2004 , Ray Kurzweil and Terry Grossman M.D. , point out that the guidelines provided in the Harvard Pyramid fail to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy oils . In addition , whole - grain foods are given more priority than vegetables , which should not be the case , as vegetables have a lower glycemic load . Other observations are that fish should be given a higher priority due to its high omega - 3 content , and that high fat dairy products should be excluded . As an alternative , the authors postulate a new food pyramid , emphasising low glycemic - load vegetables , healthy fats , such as avocados , nuts and seeds , lean animal protein , fish , and extra virgin olive oil . ``
List of diets
A desire to lose weight is a common motivation to change dietary habits , as is a desire to maintain an existing weight . Many weight loss diets are considered by some to entail varying degrees of health risk , and some are not widely considered to be effective . This is especially true of `` crash '' or `` fad '' diets .
List of diets
Juice fasting : A form of detox diet , in which nutrition is obtained solely from fruit and vegetable juices . The health implications of such diets are disputed . Master Cleanse : A form of juice fasting .
List of diets
Macrobiotic diet : A diet in which processed food is avoided . Common components include grains , beans and vegetables . Mediterranean diet : A diet based on habits of some southern European countries . One of the more distinct features is that olive oil is used as the primary source of fat . MIND diet : combines the portions of the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet . The diet is intended to reduce neurological deterioration such as Alzheimer 's disease . Montignac diet : A weight - loss diet characterised by consuming carbohydrates with a low glycemic index . Negative calorie diet : A claim by many weight - loss diets that some foods take more calories to digest than they provide , such as celery . The basis for this claim is disputed . Okinawa diet : A low - calorie diet based on the traditional eating habits of people from the Ryukyu Islands . Omnivore : An omnivore consumes both plant and animal - based food . Organic food diet : A diet consisting only of food which is organic -- it has not been produced with modern inputs such as chemical fertilizers , genetic modification , irradiation or food additives . Paleolithic diet : Can refer either to the eating habits of humans during the Paleolithic era , or of modern dietary plans purporting to be based on these habits . Prison loaf : A meal replacement served in some United States prisons to inmates who are not trusted to use cutlery . Its composition varies between institutions and states , but as a replacement for standard food , it is intended to provide inmates with all their dietary needs . Pritikin Program for Diet and Exercise : A diet which focusses on the consumption of unprocessed food . Raw foodism : A diet which centres on the consumption of uncooked and unprocessed food . Often associated with a vegetarian diet , although some raw food dieters do consume raw meat . Scarsdale Medical Diet Shangri - La Diet Slimming World diet Slow - carb diet Smart For Life Sonoma diet : A diet based on portion control and centered around consuming `` power foods '' SparkPeople diet Sugar Busters ! : Focuses on restricting the consumption of refined carbohydrates , particularly sugars .
Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
Different anthropological or other sources have attempted to explain a possible ecological explanation of the need for human sacrifices to supplement overall Aztec diet . Harner 's main argument lies within his claim that cannibalism is needed to assist the diet of the Aztecs . He claimed that very high population pressure and an emphasis on maize agriculture , without domesticated herbivores , led to a deficiency of essential amino acids amongst the Aztecs . As population increased and the amount of available game decreased , the Aztecs had to compete with other carnivorous mammals , such as dogs , to find food . Harner believes that although intensified agricultural practices provided the Aztec society a surplus of carbohydrates , they did not provide sufficient nutritional balance ; for this reason , the cannibalistic consumption of sacrificed humans was needed to supply an appropriate amount of protein per individual . Harris , author of Cannibals and Kings , has propagated the claim , originally proposed by Harner , that the flesh of the victims was a part of an aristocratic diet as a reward , since the Aztec diet was lacking in proteins .
Fitness culture
Exercising and dieting is often seen as the best way to achieve such ideal body image . For instance , fitness publications promote an idea that doing physical exercise is the natural medicine to your body and health . On the other hand , fashion magazines promote slimness and thinness as the ideal female image : to promote high fashion , models are usually slim and thin . There is also a significant increase of diet and weight loss articles in magazines . In addition , the shape of models has changed dramatically towards a `` more tubular female form '' in high fashion culture , often sparking controversies .
Myocardial infarction
Substituting polyunsaturated fats such as olive oil and rapeseed oil instead of saturated fats may reduce the risk of myocardial infarction , although there is not universal agreement . Dietary modifications are recommended by some national authorities , with recommendations including increasing the intake of wholegrain starch , reducing sugar intake ( particularly of refined sugar ) , consuming five portions of fruit and vegetables daily , consuming two or more portions of fish per week , and consuming 4 -- 5 portions of unsalted nuts , seeds , or legumes per week . The dietary pattern with the greatest support is the Mediterranean diet . Vitamins and mineral supplements are of no proven benefit , and neither are plant stanols or sterols .
Fitness culture
From around 1800 , gymnastics developed in Western countries was meant to enhance body in order to sustain public morals and to mold better citizens . Pehr Henrik Ling was a pioneer in the teaching of physical education in Sweden , and he sought to reform and improve the gymnastics of the ancient Greeks . In 1850 , the Supreme Medical Board of Russia reported to their emperor on Ling 's system , that by improving one 's overall fitness , an athlete became superior to those who merely focused on a subset of muscles or actions . In the mid 19th century the world saw the rise of physical culture , a movement that emphasized the importance of physical exercise for men , women , and children alike . Diocletian Lewis , a physician , even advocated for males and females exercising together in the gym .
Supercompensation
In sports science theory , supercompensation is the post training period during which the trained function / parameter has a higher performance capacity than it did prior to the training period .
FIFA World Cup
The World Cup even has a statistically significant effect on birth rates , the male / female sex ratio of newborns , and heart attacks in nations whose national teams are competing .
Football
( s ) ome smaller number with such overlooking , sorted into sides and standings , not meeting with their bodies so boisterously to trie their strength : nor shouldring or shuffing one an other so barbarously ... may use footeball for as much good to the body , by the chiefe use of the legges .
Chinese food therapy
There are few studies in English on the scientific validity of these beliefs and practices . A few studies conducted in China suggest that a diet designed according to the precepts of Chinese food therapy may help control blood pressure , but these studies are based on different diagnostic categories than those of western medicine ( `` Yin deficiency '' instead of hypertension ) , and on chiefly qualitative and conceptual evidence rather than on modern randomized controlled trials . Consequently , the claims of efficacy are weaker in scientific evidence than those based on mixed nutritious foods and demonstrated to have health effects by extensive clinical research , such as the DASH diet or Mediterranean diet .