vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Australian art
Australian Indigenous art is the oldest unbroken tradition of art in the world . The oldest firmly dated rock art painting in Australia is a charcoal drawing on a rock fragment found during the excavation of the Narwala Gabarnmang rock shelter in south - western Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory . Dated at 28,000 years , it is one of the oldest known pieces of rock art on Earth with a confirmed date . Rock art , including painting and engraving or carving , can be found at sites throughout Australia . Rock paintings appear on caves in the Kimberley region of Western Australia known as Bradshaws . They are named after the European , Joseph Bradshaw , who first reported them in 1891 . To Aboriginal people of the region they are known as Gwion Gwion or Giro Giro . Other painted rock art sites include Laura , Queensland , Ubirr , in the Kakadu National Park , Uluru , and Carnarvon Gorge .
Women's association football
The most well - documented early European team was founded by activist Nettie Honeyball in England in 1894 . It was named the British Ladies ' Football Club . Honeyball and those like her paved the way for women 's football . However the women 's game was frowned upon by the British football associations , and continued without their support . It has been suggested that this was motivated by a perceived threat to the ' masculinity ' of the game . A
List of the oldest Scout groups
Toimen Pojat ( Unga Fribyggare in Swedish ) , a Scouting troop in Kauniainen , Finland was established in 1910 . Toimen Pojat is the oldest continuously operating Scout troop in Finland . During the Russian ban on Scouting in the 1910s before the Finnish independence in ( 1917 ) , the troop operated underground . Many traditions that distinguish the troop formed during that period . Philippines
Nairobi
There are six golf courses within a 20 km radius of Nairobi . The oldest 18 - hole golf course in the city is the Royal Nairobi Golf Club . It was established in 1906 by the British , just seven years after the city was founded . Other notable golf clubs include the Windsor Country Club , Karen Country Club , and Muthaiga Golf Club . The Kenya Open golf tournament , which is part of the Challenge Tour , takes place in Nairobi . The Ngong Racecourse in Nairobi is the centre of horse racing in Kenya .
Cleveland Browns
Often called the `` Turnpike Rivalry '' , the Browns ' main rival has long been the Pittsburgh Steelers . Though the Browns dominated this rivalry early in the series ( winning the first eight matchups ) , the Steelers currently have the all - time edge 74 -- 58 , making it the oldest rivalry in the AFC . Former Browns owner Art Modell scheduled home games against the Steelers on Saturday night from 1964 to 1970 to help fuel the rivalry . The rivalry has been fueled by the proximity of the two teams , number of championships both teams have won , players and personnel having played and / or coached for both sides , and personal bitterness . Though the rivalry has cooled in Pittsburgh due to the Modell move ( as well as the Browns having a 6 -- 33 record against the Steelers since returning to the league in 1999 , including one playoff loss ) , the Steelers are still top rival for Cleveland . Cincinnati
Mesoamerican ballgame
Excavations at the nearby Olmec site of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán have also uncovered a number of ballplayer figurines , radiocarbon - dated as far back as 1250 -- 1150 BCE . A rudimentary ballcourt , dated to a later occupation at San Lorenzo , 600 -- 400 BCE , has also been identified .
Football
A more detailed description of football is given in Francis Willughby 's Book of Games , written in about 1660 . Willughby , who had studied at Bishop Vesey 's Grammar School , Sutton Coldfield , is the first to describe goals and a distinct playing field : `` a close that has a gate at either end . The gates are called Goals . '' His book includes a diagram illustrating a football field . He also mentions tactics ( `` leaving some of their best players to guard the goal '' ) ; scoring ( `` they that can strike the ball through their opponents ' goal first win '' ) and the way teams were selected ( `` the players being equally divided according to their strength and nimbleness '' ) . He is the first to describe a `` law '' of football : `` they must not strike ( an opponent 's leg ) higher than the ball '' .
Ancient Egypt
The ancient Egyptians enjoyed a variety of leisure activities , including games and music . Senet , a board game where pieces moved according to random chance , was particularly popular from the earliest times ; another similar game was mehen , which had a circular gaming board . Juggling and ball games were popular with children , and wrestling is also documented in a tomb at Beni Hasan . The wealthy members of ancient Egyptian society enjoyed hunting and boating as well .
Lion
Lion - baiting is a blood sport involving the baiting of lions in combat with other animals , usually dogs . Records of it exist in ancient times through until the seventeenth century . It was finally banned in Vienna by 1800 and England in 1835 .
History of the harpsichord
The earliest complete harpsichords still preserved come from Italy , the oldest specimen being dated to 1521 . ( The Royal College of Music in London , has a clavicytherium , lacking its action , which may be older . ) Even the earliest extant Italian instruments represent an already well - refined form of the instrument , showing no traces of their more primitive origin .
Olympic Games
The only sport on the Olympic programme that features men and women competing together is the equestrian disciplines . There is no `` Women 's Eventing '' , or ' Men 's Dressage ' . As of 2008 , there were still more medal events for men than women . With the addition of women 's boxing to the programme in the 2012 Summer Olympics , however , female athletes were able to compete in all the same sports as men . In the winter Olympics , women are still unable to compete in the Nordic Combined . There are currently two Olympic events in which male athletes may not compete : synchronised swimming and rhythmic gymnastics .
Olympic Games
The 114th IOC Session , in 2002 , limited the Summer Games programme to a maximum of 28 sports , 301 events , and 10,500 athletes . Three years later , at the 117th IOC Session , the first major programme revision was performed , which resulted in the exclusion of baseball and softball from the official programme of the 2012 London Games . Since there was no agreement in the promotion of two other sports , the 2012 programme featured just 26 sports . The 2016 and 2020 Games will return to the maximum of 28 sports given the addition of rugby and golf .
Mesoamerican ballgame
Across Mesoamerica , ballcourts were built and used for many generations . Although ballcourts are found within most sizable Mesoamerican ruins , they are not equally distributed across time or geography . For example , the Late Classic site of El Tajín , the largest city of the ballgame - obsessed Classic Veracruz culture , has at least 18 ballcourts , while Cantona , a nearby contemporaneous site , sets the record with 24 . In contrast , northern Chiapas and the northern Maya Lowlands have relatively few , and ballcourts are conspicuously absent at some major sites , including Teotihuacan , Bonampak , and Tortuguero , although ōllamaliztli iconography has been found there .
Mesoamerican ballgame
A two - player game in an open - ended masonry ballcourt . ( See third picture below . ) Teams using sticks on an open field whose end zones are marked by stone monuments . Separate renditions of single players . ( See side pictures above . )
History of tennis
The word `` Tennis '' came into use in English in the mid-13th century from Old French , via the Anglo - Norman term Tenez , which can be translated as `` hold ! '' , `` receive ! '' or `` take ! '' . A call from the server to his opponent indicating that he is about to serve . The first known appearance of the word in English literature is by poet John Gower in his poem titled ' In Praise of Peace ' dedicated to King Henry IV and composed in 1400 ; `` Of the tenetz to winne or lese a chase , Mai no lif wite er that the bal be ronne '' . ( Whether a chase is won or lost at tennis , Nobody can know until the ball is run ) .
Football helmet
The one - bar face mask was once common but its use has been supplanted in professional and amateur sport . For example , it has been illegal in the National Football League since 2004 , but a grandfather clause allowed players who wore the mask prior to 2004 to continue to do so for the remainder of their careers . No current professional player currently wears such a face mask ; the last player to do so was Scott Player , who last played professionally in 2009 .
List of oldest and youngest National Basketball Association players
The oldest player ever to play in the NBA was Nat Hickey who played one game in the 1947 -- 48 season when he was 45 years and 363 days old . Hickey , who was coaching the Providence Steamrollers at the time , decided to activate himself and played in a game for the Steamrollers . In his first game as a player for the Steamrollers , he missed all six of his shot attempts and only scored two points from three free throw attempts ; he only played in one more game before retiring as a player two days shy of his 46th birthday . The second - oldest player is Kevin Willis . Willis , who had played 20 seasons ( excluding the 1988 -- 89 season he missed due to injury ) in the league before he sat out the 2005 -- 06 season and earned a contract with the Dallas Mavericks on April 2 , 2007 . He then played 5 games for the Mavericks at the age of 44 . The third - oldest player is Hall of Famer Robert Parish . Parish , who starred with the Boston Celtics in the 1980s , played his last season with the Chicago Bulls at the age of 43 . He played in 1,611 regular season games during his 21 - year career , more than any other player in NBA history . When the Bulls won the 1997 Finals , Parish became the oldest player ever to win the NBA championship . There are currently 27 players who played in the NBA after they turned 40 .
Jai alai
Jai alai ( / ˈhaɪ. əlaɪ / ; Basque : ( ˈxai aˈlai ) ) is a sport involving a ball bounced off a walled space by accelerating it to high speeds with a hand - held device ( cesta ) . It is a variation of Basque pelota . The term , coined by Serafin Baroja in 1875 , is also often loosely applied to the fronton ( the open - walled playing area ) where the sport is played . The game is called `` zesta - punta '' ( basket tip ) in Basque .
History of tennis
The Australian Open was first played in 1905 as The Australasian ( Australia and New Zealand ) Championships . Because of its geographic remoteness , historically , the event did not gain attendance from the top tennis players . It became one of the major tennis tournaments starting in 1924 ( designated by the ILTF ) . In 1927 , because of New Zealand tennis authorities releasing their commitments to the tournament , it became known as the Australian Championships . For most of the 1970s and the early 1980s , the event lacked participation from top ranked tennis professionals . Since its move to Melbourne Park in 1988 , the Australian Open has gained the popularity of the other three majors .
List of oldest and youngest National Basketball Association players
( 1953 -- 1961 ) St. Louis Hawks ( 1961 ) Chicago Packers ( 1961 ) Syracuse Nationals ( 1961 -- 1962 ) Undrafted LeBron James ^ December 30 , 1984 October 29 , 2003 7003687700000000000 ♠ 18 years , 303 days 3 teams ( show ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2003 -- 2010 ) Miami Heat ( 2010 -- 2014 ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2014 -- 2018 ) Los Angeles Lakers ( 2018 -- present ) 2003 ( 1st ) Jonathan Bender January 30 , 1981 December 10 , 1999 7003688800000000000 ♠ 18 years , 314 days 2 teams ( show ) Indiana Pacers ( 1999 -- 2006 ) New York Knicks ( 2009 ) 1999 ( 5th ) Giannis Antetokounmpo ^ G / F December 6 , 1994 October 30 , 2013 7003689300000000000 ♠ 18 years , 318 days Milwaukee Bucks ( 2013 -- present ) 2013 ( 15th ) Eddy Curry December 5 , 1982 October 31 , 2001 7003690500000000000 ♠ 18 years , 330 days 4 teams ( show ) Chicago Bulls ( 2001 -- 2005 ) New York Knicks ( 2005 -- 2010 ) Miami Heat ( 2011 -- 2012 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2012 ) 2001 ( 4th ) Dwight Howard ^ December 8 , 1985 November 3 , 2004 7003690500000000000 ♠ 18 years , 331 days 6 teams ( show ) Orlando Magic ( 2004 -- 2012 ) Los Angeles Lakers ( 2012 -- 2013 ) Houston Rockets ( 2013 -- 2016 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2016 -- 2017 ) Charlotte Hornets ( 2017 -- 2018 ) Washington Wizards ( 2018 -- present ) 2004 ( 1st ) Jim Browne January 1 , 1930 November 30 , 1948 7003690800000000000 ♠ 18 years , 334 days 2 teams ( show ) Chicago Stags ( 1948 -- 1949 ) Denver Nuggets ( 1949 -- 1950 ) Undrafted Josh Smith December 5 , 1985 November 3 , 2004 7003690800000000000 ♠ 18 years , 334 days 5 teams ( show ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2004 -- 2013 )
Mesoamerican ballgame
Kneepads are seen on a variety of players from many areas and eras , and are worn by forearm - ulama players today . A type of garter is also often seen , worn just below knee or around the ankle -- it is not known what function this served . Gloves appear on the purported ballplayer reliefs of Dainzú , roughly 500 BCE , as well as the Aztec players drawn by Weiditz 2000 years later ( see drawing below ) . Helmets ( likely utilitarian ) and elaborate headdresses ( likely used only in ritual contexts ) are also common in ballplayer depictions , headdresses being particularly prevalent on Maya painted vases or on Jaina Island figurines . Many ballplayers of the Classic era are seen with a right kneepad -- no left -- and a wrapped right forearm , as shown in the Maya image above .
Mesoamerican ballgame
Pre-Columbian ballcourts have been found throughout Mesoamerica , as for example at Copán , as far south as modern Nicaragua , and possibly as far north as what is now the U.S. state of Arizona . These ballcourts vary considerably in size , but all have long narrow alleys with slanted side - walls against which the balls could bounce .
Ancient Egypt
In 2011 archaeologists from Italy , the United States , and Egypt excavating a dried - up lagoon known as Mersa Gawasis have unearthed traces of an ancient harbor that once launched early voyages like Hatshepsut 's Punt expedition onto the open ocean . Some of the site 's most evocative evidence for the ancient Egyptians ' seafaring prowess include large ship timbers and hundreds of feet of ropes , made from papyrus , coiled in huge bundles . And in 2013 a team of Franco - Egyptian archaeologists discovered what is believed to be the world 's oldest port , dating back about 4500 years , from the time of King Cheops on the Red Sea coast near Wadi el - Jarf ( about 110 miles south of Suez ) .
Lion
The lion is one of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture . It has been extensively depicted in sculptures and paintings , on national flags , and in contemporary films and literature . Lions have been kept in menageries since the time of the Roman Empire , and have been a key species sought for exhibition in zoos over the world since the late 18th century . Cultural depictions of lions are known from the Upper Paleolithic period , with carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France dated to 17,000 years ago , through virtually all ancient and medieval cultures where they once occurred .
Football
On November 6 , 1869 , Rutgers faced Princeton in a game that was played with a round ball and , like all early games , used improvised rules . It is usually regarded as the first game of American intercollegiate football .
Philippines
The metatarsal of the Callao Man , reliably dated by uranium - series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date . This distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan , carbon - dated to around 26,500 years ago . Negritos were also among the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants , but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated .
Super Bowl XLIV
The Colts offense took the field for the first time , with the ball spotted at their own 27 - yard line . The Colts put together a drive that went 53 yards and resulted in a 38 - yard field goal by kicker Matt Stover . At 42 years old , Stover became the oldest person in NFL history to play in a Super Bowl .
Football
Calcio Fiorentino -- a modern revival of Renaissance football from 16th century Florence . la Soule -- a modern revival of French medieval football lelo burti -- a Georgian traditional football game
History of Kenya
The oldest Acheulean tools ever discovered anywhere in the world are from West Turkana , and were dated in 2011 through the method of magnetostratigraphy to about 1.76 million years old .
Olympic Games
Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games , which were held in Olympia , Greece , from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD . Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) in 1894 , leading to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896 . The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement , with the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority .
Philippines
Traditional Philippine games such as luksung baka , patintero , piko , and tumbang preso are still played primarily as children 's games among the youth . Sungka is a traditional native Philippine board game . Card games are popular during festivities , with some , including pusoy and tong - its , being used as a form of illegal gambling . Mahjong is played in some Philippine communities .
Football
Rugby league rules diverged significantly from rugby union in 1906 , with the reduction of the team from 15 to 13 players . In 1907 , a New Zealand professional rugby team toured Australia and Britain , receiving an enthusiastic response , and professional rugby leagues were launched in Australia the following year . However , the rules of professional games varied from one country to another , and negotiations between various national bodies were required to fix the exact rules for each international match . This situation endured until 1948 , when at the instigation of the French league , the Rugby League International Federation ( RLIF ) was formed at a meeting in Bordeaux .
Marco Polo (game)
The sport Marco Polo / ˈmɑːrkoʊ ˈpoʊloʊ / ( listen ) is an American form of tag played in a swimming pool .
Dismissal (cricket)
Only one individual has ever been out obstructing the field in a Test match : England 's Len Hutton , playing against South Africa at The Oval in London in 1951 , knocked a ball away from his stumps , but in doing so prevented the South African wicket - keeper Russell Endean from completing a catch . By coincidence , Endean was one of the few people to be given out handled the ball in a Test match ( see below ) .
Football
The laws of rugby union also changed during the 20th century , although less significantly than those of rugby league . In particular , goals from marks were abolished , kicks directly into touch from outside the 22 metre line were penalised , new laws were put in place to determine who had possession following an inconclusive ruck or maul , and the lifting of players in line - outs was legalised .
List of the oldest Scout groups
The first recognized troop in Norway is `` 1 . Kristiania ( NGSK ) '' , established 15 November 1909 . This was a troop in Oslo , connected to an athletic organisation . This troop became a part of `` Norske Gutters Speiderkorps '' , which was established by a national sport organisation . But there were single Scouting patrols earlier than this in some Norwegian cities . CHINA
List of oldest and youngest National Basketball Association players
The youngest active player in the NBA is Ike Anigbogu . As a result of the NBA 's latest updates on their scheduling policy , he became the second college player to play in the NBA at 18 years old on October 20 against the Portland Trail Blazers . He now joins Devin Booker as the only other player to go from a year of college to the NBA while remaining 18 years old throughout the process . Coincidentally , both of them played their first NBA games at the exact same age of 18 years , 363 days old in order to start their official NBA careers as players of the league , and their first games played would be the only time they 'd play in the NBA as 18 - year - olds .
State of Origin series
Oldest player : 36 years 74 days , Petero Civoniceva ( 2012 ) ( Queensland ) Youngest player : 18 years and 83 days , Ben Ikin ( 1995 ) ( Queensland ) Playing
List of the oldest Scout groups
The 1st Birkenhead ( YMCA ) has a claim to be the oldest Scout Troop as it was founded on 24 January 1908 when BP attended a meeting at the YMCA . Documents at the District Headquarters confirm this fact . Baden - Powell at the 1929 Coming of Age Jamboree in Birkenhead said `` Here in Birkenhead that I first mooted the idea of Scouting '' .
Olympic Games
Various uses of the term `` Olympic '' to describe athletic events in the modern era have been documented since the 17th century . The first such event was the Cotswold Games or `` Cotswold Olimpick Games '' , an annual meeting near Chipping Campden , England , involving various sports . It was first organised by the lawyer Robert Dover between 1612 and 1642 , with several later celebrations leading up to the present day . The British Olympic Association , in its bid for the 2012 Olympic Games in London , mentioned these games as `` the first stirrings of Britain 's Olympic beginnings '' .
New York Post
The New York Post , established on November 16 , 1801 , as the New - York Evening Post , describes itself as the nation 's oldest continuously published daily newspaper . The Providence Journal , which began daily publication on July 21 , 1829 , also bills itself as the nation 's oldest continuously published daily newspaper because the New York Post halted publication during strikes in 1958 and 1978 . The Hartford Courant , believed to be the oldest continuously published newspaper , was founded in 1764 as a semi-weekly paper ; it did not publish daily until 1836 . The New Hampshire Gazette , which has trademarked its claim of being The Nation 's Oldest Newspaper , was founded in 1756 as a weekly . Since the 1890s it has been published only on weekends .
Gambling in New Jersey
Gambling has a long legacy in New Jersey , with the state historically being more permissive of gambling than most other states . Until they were banned in 1844 , lotteries were common in New Jersey . They were used to help pay for the military during the French and Indian War and American Revolution , and help finance the construction of Queen 's College ( now Rutgers University ) and the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) .
Egg Bowl
The Battle for the Golden Egg , also informally known as the Egg Bowl , is an American college football rivalry game played annually between Southeastern Conference members Mississippi State University and Ole Miss ( The University of Mississippi ) . The rivalry is the tenth longest uninterrupted series in the United States . The two teams first played each other in 1901 . Since 1927 the winning squad has been awarded possession of the `` Golden Egg Trophy '' . In cases where the game ended in a tie the previous winner retained possession of the trophy . Ole Miss leads the series , 64 -- 44 -- 6 and Ole Miss has a 57 - 27 - 5 lead in the Egg Bowl .
Football (ball)
In the CFL the stripes traverse the entire circumference of the ball . The UFL used a ball with lime - green stripes . The XFL used a novel color pattern , a black ball with red curved lines in lieu of stripes , for its footballs ; this design was redone in a tan and navy color scheme for the Arena Football League in 2003 . A ball with red , white and blue panels was introduced in the American Indoor Football League in 2005 and used by its successors , as well as the Ultimate Indoor Football League of the early 2010s and the Can - Am Indoor Football League during its lone season in 2017 .