vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
San Jose, California
In 2001 , the city sponsored SharkByte , an exhibit of decorated sharks , based on the mascot of the hockey team , the San Jose Sharks , and modeled after Chicago 's display of decorated cows . Large models of sharks were decorated in a variety of clever , colorful , or creative ways by local artists and were then displayed for months at dozens of locations around the city . Many displays were removed early because of vandalism . After the exhibition , the sharks were auctioned off and the proceeds donated to charity . The sharks can still be found in their new owners ' homes and businesses .
Climate of the United Kingdom
The cold period from the 16th to the mid-19th centuries is known as the Little Ice Age .
Stanley Cup
In 1914 , the Victoria Aristocrats from the Pacific Coast Hockey Association ( PCHA ) challenged the NHA and Cup champion Toronto Blueshirts . A controversy erupted when a letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17 , that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west , as they did not consider Victoria a proper challenger because they had not formally notified the trustees . However , on March 18 , Trustee William Foran stated that it was a misunderstanding . PCHA president Frank Patrick had not filed a challenge , because he had expected Emmett Quinn of the NHA to make all of the arrangements in his role as hockey commissioner , whereas the trustees thought they were being deliberately ignored . In any case , all arrangements had been ironed out and the Victoria challenge was accepted .
Winter Olympic Games
St. Moritz , Switzerland , was appointed by the IOC to host the second Winter Games in 1928 . Fluctuating weather conditions challenged the hosts . The opening ceremony was held in a blizzard while warm weather conditions plagued sporting events throughout the rest of the Games . Because of the weather the 10,000 metre speed - skating event had to be abandoned and officially cancelled . The weather was not the only noteworthy aspect of the 1928 Games : Sonja Henie of Norway made history when she won the figure skating competition at the age of 15 . She became the youngest Olympic champion in history , a distinction she held for 70 years .
Russian culture
Russian folk dance ( Russian : Русский Народный Танец ) can generally be broken up into two main types of dances Khorovod ( Russian : Хоровод ) , a circular game type dance where the participants hold hands , sing , and the action generally happens in the middle of circle , and Plyaska ( Russian : Пляска or Плясовый ) , a coed circular dance that increases in diversity and tempo , according to Bob Renfield , considered to be the preeminent scholar on the topic . Other forms of Russian Folk Dance include Pereplyas ( Russian : Перепляс ) , an all - male competitive dance , Mass Dance ( Russian : Массовый пляс ) , an unpaired stage dance without restrictions on age or number of participants , Group Dance ( Russian : Групповая пляска ) a type of mass dance employs simple round - dance passages , and improvisation , and types of Quadrille 's ( Russian : Кадриль ) , originally a French dance brought to Russia in the 18th century .
Detroit Pistons
The new Detroit Pistons played in Olympia Stadium ( home of the NHL 's Detroit Red Wings at the time ) for their first four seasons , then moved to Cobo Arena .
Brittany
Gouren , a style of folk wrestling , is the most popular Breton sport . The Boule bretonne is related to pétanque . The Palets , common in Upper Brittany and in other French regions , is also related to pétanque , but players use iron disks instead of balls and they have to throw them on a wooden board .
Comparison of Star Trek and Star Wars
Archived footage in Trek Nation showed Gene Roddenberry saying , `` I like Star Wars . It was young King Arthur growing up , slaying the evil emperor finally . There 's nothing wrong with that kind of entertainment - everything does n't have to create a philosophy for you - for your whole life . You can also have fun . ''
Golf (card game)
Golf ( also known as Polish Polka , Polish Poker , Turtle , Hara Kiri , Poison , or Crazy Nines ) is a card game where players try to earn the lowest number of points ( as in golf , the sport ) over the course of nine deals ( or `` holes '' to further use golfing terminology ) . It is a game for four or more players using a double - deck of 108 cards , and has little in common with its solitaire cousin .
Rhode Island
The Providence Reds were a hockey team that played in the Canadian - American Hockey League ( CAHL ) between 1926 and 1936 and the American Hockey League ( AHL ) from 1936 to 1977 , the last season of which they played as the Rhode Island Reds . The team won the Calder Cup in 1938 , 1940 , 1949 , and 1956 . The Reds played at the Rhode Island Auditorium , located on North Main Street in Providence , Rhode Island from 1926 through 1972 , when the team affiliated with the New York Rangers and moved into the newly built Providence Civic Center . The team name came from the rooster known as the Rhode Island Red . They moved to New York in 1977 and , after multiple name changes , are now called the Hartford Wolf Pack .
Ship
A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world 's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways , carrying passengers or goods , or in support of specialized missions , such as defense , research and fishing . Historically , a `` ship '' was a sailing vessel with at least three square - rigged masts and a full bowsprit . Ships are generally distinguished from boats , based on size , shape , load capacity , and tradition .
Lithuania
Lithuania has produced prominent athletes in athletics , modern pentathlon , road and track cycling , chess , rowing , aerobatics , strongman , wrestling , boxing , mixed martial arts , Kyokushin Karate and other sports .
Stanley Cup
Stanley appointed Sheriff John Sweetland and Philip D. Ross ( who would serve in his post an unsurpassed 56 years ) as trustees of the Cup . Sweetland and Ross first presented the trophy in 1893 to the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association on behalf of the affiliated Montreal Hockey Club , the champions of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada ( AHAC ) , since they `` defeated all comers during the late season , including the champions of the Ontario Association '' ( Ottawa ) . Sweetland and Ross also believed that the AHAC was the top league , and as first - place finishers in the AHAC , Montreal was the best team in Canada . Naturally , the Ottawas were upset by the decision because there had been no challenge games scheduled and because the trustees failed to convey the rules on how the Cup was to be awarded prior to the start of the season .
Seven Pounds
George ( Bill Smitrovich ) , is the coach of a junior hockey team who had also arranged partial scholarships for some of his players to attend College . George also suffers from kidney failure , prompting Ben to donate his own kidney as a reward for George 's good nature . Nicholas ( Quintin Kelly ) is a younger patient at the same hospital George is at . By chance , Ben decides to donate his bone marrow to Nicholas to help with his treatment .
Helsinki
The city 's main musical venues are the Finnish National Opera , the Finlandia concert hall , and the Helsinki Music Centre . The Music Centre also houses a part of the Sibelius Academy . Bigger concerts and events are usually held at one of the city 's two big ice hockey arenas : the Hartwall Arena or the Helsinki Ice Hall . Helsinki has Finland 's largest fairgrounds , the Messukeskus Helsinki .
Vermont
Annually since 2002 , high school statewide all stars compete against New Hampshire in ten sports during `` Twin State '' playoffs . Motorsport
Winter Olympic Games
On 6 July 2011 , Pyeongchang , South Korea , was selected to host the 2018 Winter Olympics over Munich , Germany , and Annecy , France . This was the first time that South Korea had been selected to host a Winter Olympics and it was the second time the Olympics were held in the country overall , after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul . The Games took place from 9 to 25 February 2018 . More than 2,900 athletes from 92 countries participated in 102 events . The Olympic Stadium and many of the sports venues were situated in the Alpensia Resort in Daegwallyeong - myeon , Pyeongchang , while a number of other sports venues were located in the Gangneung Olympic Park in Pyeongchang 's neighboring city of Gangneung .
Winter Olympic Games
Sapporo , Japan , and Gothenburg , Sweden , were front - runners to host the 1984 Winter Olympics . It was therefore a surprise when Sarajevo , Yugoslavia , was selected as host . The Games were well - organised and not affected by the run - up to the war that engulfed the country eight years later . A total of 49 nations and 1,272 athletes participated in 39 events . Host nation Yugoslavia won its first Olympic medal when alpine skier Jure Franko won silver in the giant slalom . Another sporting highlight was the free dance performance of British ice dancers Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean ; their Boléro routine received unanimous perfect scores for artistic impression , earning them the gold medal . The
Climate of the Arctic
The Arctic is often perceived as a region stuck in a permanent deep freeze . While much of the region does experience very low temperatures , there is considerable variability with both location and season . Winter temperatures average below freezing over all of the Arctic except for small regions in the southern Norwegian and Bering Seas , which remain ice free throughout the winter . Average temperatures in summer are above freezing over all regions except the central Arctic Basin , where sea ice survives through the summer , and interior Greenland .
Climate of North Dakota
Winter in North Dakota is characterized by cold ( below freezing ) temperatures and snowfall. Snow is the main form of winter precipitation , but freezing rain , ice , sleet , and sometimes even rain are all possible during the winter months . Common storm systems include Alberta clippers or Panhandle hooks , some of which evolve into blizzards . Annual snowfall averages from 26 inches ( 66 cm ) in the central part of the state to 38 inches ( 96.5 cm ) in the northeast and southwest . Temperatures as low as − 60 ° F ( − 51 ° C ) have occurred during North Dakota winters .
First Nations
In Canada , the First Nations ( French : Premières Nations ) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle . Those in the Arctic area are distinct and known as Inuit . The Métis , another distinct ethnicity , developed after European contact and relations primarily between First Nations people and Europeans . There are currently 634 recognized First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada , roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia .
Vermont
The largest professional franchise is the Vermont Lake Monsters , a single - A minor league baseball affiliate of the Oakland Athletics , based in Burlington . They were named the Vermont Expos before 2006 . Up until the 2011 season , they were the affiliate of the Washington Nationals ( formerly the Montreal Expos ) . Basketball
Taiga
Taiga is the world 's largest land biome , making up 29 % of the world 's forest cover . The largest areas are located in Russia and Canada . The taiga is the terrestrial biome with the lowest annual average temperatures after the tundra and permanent ice caps . Extreme winter minimums in the northern taiga are typically lower than those of the tundra . The lowest reliably recorded temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere were recorded in the taiga of northeastern Russia . The taiga or boreal forest has a subarctic climate with very large temperature range between seasons , but the long and cold winter is the dominant feature . This climate is classified as Dfc , Dwc , Dsc , Dfd and Dwd in the Köppen climate classification scheme , meaning that the short summer ( 24 h average 10 ° C ( 50 ° F ) or more ) lasts 1 -- 3 months and always less than 4 months . In Siberian taiga the average temperature of the coldest month is between − 6 ° C ( 21 ° F ) and − 50 ° C ( − 58 ° F ) . There are also some much smaller areas grading towards the oceanic Cfc climate with milder winters , whilst the extreme south and ( in Eurasia ) west of the taiga reaches into humid continental climates ( Dfb , Dwb ) with longer summers . The mean annual temperature generally varies from - 5 ° C to 5 ° C ( 23 ° F to 41 ° F ) , but there are taiga areas in eastern Siberia and interior Alaska - Yukon where the mean annual reaches down to - 10 ° C ( 14 ° F ) . According to some sources , the boreal forest grades into a temperate mixed forest when mean annual temperature reaches about 3 ° C ( 37 ° F ) . Discontinuous permafrost is found in areas with mean annual temperature below 0 ° C , whilst in the Dfd and Dwd climate zones continuous permafrost occurs and restricts growth to very shallow - rooted trees like Siberian larch . The winters , with average temperatures below freezing , last five to seven months . Temperatures vary from − 54 ° C to 30 ° C ( - 65 ° F to 86 ° F ) throughout the whole year . The summers , while short , are generally warm and humid . In much of the taiga , - 20 ° C ( - 4 ° F ) would be a typical winter day temperature and 18 ° C ( 64 ° F ) an average summer day . The
Ottawa
Ottawa has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ) with four distinct seasons and is between Zones 5a and 5b on the Canadian Plant Hardiness Scale . The average July maximum temperature is 26.6 ° C ( 80 ° F ) . The average January minimum temperature is − 14.4 ° C ( 6.1 ° F ) Skating
North Carolina
In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital , African American Cultural Complex , Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh , Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU , Haywood Hall House & Gardens , Marbles Kids Museum , North Carolina Museum of Art , North Carolina Museum of History , North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences , North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame , Raleigh City Museum , J.C. Raulston Arboretum , Joel Lane House , Mordecai House , Montfort Hall , and the Pope House Museum . The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city .
Kyrie Irving
Irving grew up in West Orange , New Jersey , where he often went to his father 's adult - league games . His inspiration to play in the NBA came after playing at Continental Airlines Arena during a school trip in fourth grade where he stated `` I will play in the NBA , I promise . '' As a result of his father 's connection to Boston University , Irving spent a lot of time in Boston , including at BU 's basketball skills camp . In fifth grade , he was offered a scholarship to Boston University by then - head coach Dennis Wolff . As a teenager , Irving played for the Road Runners of the Amateur Athletic Union ( AAU ) .
Stanley Cup
The Stanley Cup has served as a valuable morale booster for both American and Canadian troops , as well as their NATO allies . In 2004 , the Cup was displayed at MacDill Air Force Base , located near Tampa , Florida . The visit gave both American troops and a visiting Canadian unit the thrill of seeing the trophy at close hand . The event was later touted by officials at MacDill as `` a huge morale booster for our troops '' . In 2006 , the Cup toured Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune , North Carolina , where wounded Marines were given the opportunity to view and be photographed with the Cup .
On My Own (Les Misérables)
Michelle Kwan skated to `` On My Own '' during the 1997 Skate America competition as well as the 1998 Tokyo Golden Gala .
Stanley Cup
The original 1892 Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup , purchased and donated by Lord Stanley , was physically awarded to the Champions until 1970 , and is now displayed in the Vault Room at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto , Ontario .
Climate of the Arctic
The Labrador , Norwegian , Greenland , and Barents Seas and Denmark and Davis Straits are strongly influenced by the cyclones in the North Atlantic storm track , which is most active in winter . As a result , these regions receive more precipitation in winter than in summer . Annual precipitation totals increase quickly from about 400 mm ( 16 in ) in the northern to about 1400 mm ( 55 in ) in the southern part of the region ( Serreze and Hurst 2000 ) . Precipitation is frequent in winter , with measurable totals falling on an average of 20 days each January in the Norwegian Sea ( USSR 1985 ) . The Bering Sea is influenced by the North Pacific storm track , and has annual precipitation totals between 400 mm and 800 mm ( 16 and 31 in ) , also with a winter maximum .
Curling
The ice may be natural but is usually frozen by a refrigeration plant pumping a brine solution through numerous pipes fixed lengthwise at the bottom of a shallow pan of water . Most curling clubs have an ice maker whose main job is to care for the ice . At the major curling championships , ice maintenance is extremely important . Large events , such as the Brier or other national / international championships , are typically held in an arena that presents a challenge to the ice maker , who must constantly monitor and adjust the ice and air temperatures as well as air humidity levels to ensure a consistent playing surface . It is common for each sheet of ice to have multiple sensors embedded in order to monitor surface temperature , as well as probes set up in the seating area ( to monitor humidity ) and in the compressor room ( to monitor brine supply and return temperatures ) . The surface of the ice is maintained at a temperature of around 23 ° F ( − 5 ° C ) .
Aviation photography
Air - to - air photography is the art of photographing aircraft in the air , while using another aircraft as a photo platform . The subject aircraft is photographed while both aircraft are in flight . This allows the photographer to position the subject in specific locations and angles to get the most desirable shot . Some things that must be considered to achieve best results are lighting and background . Proper lighting is achieved through correct placement of the aircraft relative to the sun , and is accomplished flying only at certain times of the day and / or by flying at a heading that lines the sun up on the subject aircraft properly . The background can highlight or distract from the subject and must be carefully considered when taking shots . Air - to - air photography uses include commercial use and advertising . Remote
Aviation photography
In ground - to - air photography , photos of aircraft in flight are taken with the photographer on the ground . This type of photography is common at airshows or airports . Generally , a long focus photographic lens is necessary due to the greater distance between the photographer and the target aircraft . Along with ground - static photography , this is the most popular form of aviation photography .
Aviation photography
Aviation photography is the act of taking images of aircraft , either in flight , or on the ground . Types of aviation photography include air - to - air , ground - to - air , ground - static , and remote photography . Military aviation photography , especially air - to - air , requires additional skills , as the photo and target aircraft often fly at velocities of over Mach 1 , while under moderate to high G .
Aviation photography
In ground - static photography , photos of stationary aircraft are taken by photographers on the ground . Photos can be of aircraft exteriors , interiors , and aircraft details . The photographer has full control over lighting , aircraft placement , camera angles , and background . Involving other subjects such as the pilot or other aircraft is much easier to accomplish in ground - static photography than in other forms of aerial photography .
Aviation photography
This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Air
Aviation photography
Remote photography is a variation on aerial air - to - air photography , whereby the camera is mounted onto the external aircraft structure away from the photographer and is triggered remotely using a mechanical or electrical shutter release . The image has to be composed when the aircraft is on the ground , because the photographer has no access to the camera while the aircraft is in flight . Much brainstorming and planning must be done while setting up the camera to get the desired shot . Remote photography is the least common type of aviation photography .
Aviation photography
Ground to air photograph of an Emirates Airbus A380 departing London Heathrow Airport A Qantas Boeing 747 - 400 overflying Starbeyevo , Moscow at 11,000 m . The aircraft was photographed from the ground using a Canon 400D , a 1200mm telescope and 2x Barlow lens . Fat Albert , a U.S. Marine Corps C - 130T Hercules with the Blue Angels , flies over Marines with the Silent Drill Platoon at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma
Aviation photography
The first time close head - on remote photography had been used was in 1977 when photographer Richard Cooke , working with Sqn Ldr Alan Voyle , Senior Engineering Officer of The Red Arrows , developed a camera bracket to fit on the underside of a spare Red Arrows Folland Gnat aircraft . The pilots were carefully briefed on the ground and then , in the air , the photographer operated the camera from the back seat of the camera aircraft , using a mechanical release triggered by a solenoid , operated through the anti-collision light .
Aviation photography
Photography from an airport terminal is shooting through the terminal window , usually waiting for a flight . Some airports have windows or observation areas that you can visit without having to go through security . A polarized filter is recommended when shooting through glass to better control glare from the terminal . Images can turn out well or some can be contorted by the double glass when shooting on an angle .
Aviation photography
The Nikkormat camera with autowind pointed back at the Red Arrows team and was fitted with a wide angle 24mm Nikkor lens . The photography was commissioned by the Telegraph Sunday Magazine and made the front cover on 3 July 1977 .
Aviation photography
Databases exist on the internet , cataloguing aviation photographs . These include airliners.net , jetphotos.net and airplane-pictures.net allow users to search them for photographs of aircraft based on user - specified criteria .
Tsar Bomba
Taking off from an airfield in the Kola Peninsula , the release plane was accompanied by a Tu - 16 observer plane that took air samples and filmed the test . Both aircraft were painted with a special reflective white paint to minimize heat damage . Despite this effort , Durnovtsev and his crew were given only a 50 % chance of surviving the test .