vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Economy of India
The logistics industry in India was worth over $160 billion in 2016 , and grew at a CAGR of 7.8 % in the previous five - year period . The industry employs about 22 million people . India was ranked 35th out of 160 countries in the World Bank 's 2016 Logistics Performance Index .
Economy of India
Primary energy consumption of India is the third - largest after China and the US with 5.3 % global share in the year 2015 . Coal and crude oil together account for 85 % of the primary energy consumption of India . India 's oil reserves meet 25 % of the country 's domestic oil demand . As of April 2015 , India 's total proven crude oil reserves are 763.476 million metric tons , while gas reserves stood at 1,490 billion cubic metres ( 53 trillion cubic feet ) . Oil and natural gas fields are located offshore at Bombay High , Krishna Godavari Basin and the Cauvery Delta , and onshore mainly in the states of Assam , Gujarat and Rajasthan . India is the fourth - largest consumer of oil and net oil imports were nearly ₹ 820,000 crore ( US $120 billion ) in 2014 -- 15 , which had an adverse effect on the country 's current account deficit . The petroleum industry in India mostly consists of public sector companies such as Oil and Natural Gas Corporation ( ONGC ) , Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited ( HPCL ) , Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited ( BPCL ) and Indian Oil Corporation Limited ( IOCL ) . There are some major private Indian companies in the oil sector such as Reliance Industries Limited ( RIL ) which operates the world 's largest oil refining complex .
Indian Railways
IR is the world 's eighth biggest employer and had 1.331 million employees at the end of 2015 - 16 . In 2015 -- 2016 , IR had revenues of ₹ 1.683 trillion ( US $26 billion ) , consisting of ₹ 1.069 trillion ( US $17 billion ) freight earnings and ₹ 442.83 billion ( US $6.9 billion ) passengers earnings . It had an operating ratio of 90.5 % in 2015 - 16 .
Chennai
A study conducted by the National Housing Bank on the residential price index of Indian cities showed that Chennai experienced the highest growth after the 2008 -- 2012 global financial crisis . Medical tourism is an important part of Chennai 's economy with 45 percent of total medical tourists to India making to Chennai . The Tamil film industry and the Tamil television industry are also significant parts of Chennai 's economy . The city also has a permanent exhibition complex in Nandambakkam called the Chennai Trade Centre . With 385 ultra-rich living in the city , Chennai is positioned in the sixth place among Indian cities that are home to the country 's super-rich . The city is the third largest market in India for luxury cars .
Automotive industry in India
Some of the major investments and developments in the automobile sector in India are as follows :
Automotive industry in India
According to the New York Times , India 's strong engineering base and expertise in the manufacturing of low - cost , fuel - efficient cars has resulted in the expansion of manufacturing facilities of several automobile companies like Hyundai , Nissan , Toyota , Volkswagen , and Maruti Suzuki .
Automotive industry in India
In 2009 India ( 0.23 m ) surpassed China ( 0.16 m ) as Asia 's fourth largest exporter of cars after Japan ( 1.77 m ) , Korea ( 1.12 m ) and Thailand ( 0.26 m ) .
Economy of India
Indian Railways is the fourth - largest rail network in the world , with a track length of 114,500 kilometres ( 71,100 mi ) and 7,172 stations . This government - owned - and - operated railway network carried an average of 23 million passengers a day , and over a billion tonnes of freight in 2013 . India has a coastline of 7,500 kilometres ( 4,700 mi ) with 13 major ports and 60 operational non-major ports , which together handle 95 % of the country 's external trade by volume and 70 % by value ( most of the remainder handled by air ) . Nhava Sheva , Mumbai is the largest public port , while Mundra is the largest private sea port . The airport infrastructure of India includes 125 airports , of which 66 airports are licensed to handle both passengers and cargo .
Chennai
Industrialisation in the city dates back to the 16th century , when textile mills manufactured goods which were exported to British during its war with France . According to Forbes magazine , Chennai is one of the fastest growing cities in the world and is rated in the `` Forbes - Top 10 Fastest Growing Cities in the World '' . It is ranked 4th in hosting the maximum number of Fortune 500 companies of India , next only to Mumbai , Delhi and Kolkata . It also is home to 24 Indian companies having a net worth of more than US $1 billion . As of 2012 , the city has about 34,260 identified companies in its 15 zones , of which 5,196 companies have a paid - up the capital of over ₹ 50 lakh .
Labour in India
One exception is white collar jobs , where companies have stronger lobbies and employees are not unionised , so they have managed to operate freely with a much larger workforce and have been able to lay off a significant portion of their workforce without contravening labour laws . In almost all cases white collar employees are forced to resign under threat of negative recommendations and black - listing with industry associations .
Karnataka
Karnataka also leads the nation in biotechnology . It is home to India 's largest biocluster , with 158 of the country 's 320 biotechnology firms being based here . The state accounts for 75 % of India 's floriculture , an upcoming industry which supplies flowers and ornamental plants worldwide .
Labour in India
India 's National Sample Survey Office in its 67th report found that unorganised manufacturing , unorganised trading / retail and unorganised services employed about 10 percent each of all workers nationwide , as of 2010 . It also reported that India had about 58 million unincorporated non-Agriculture enterprises in 2010 .
Chennai
The city is base to around 40 percent of India 's automobile industry and 45 percent of auto components industry . A large number of automotive companies including Royal enfield , Hyundai , Renault , Robert Bosch , Nissan Motors , Ashok Leyland , Yamaha Motor , Daimler AG , Caterpillar Inc. , Komatsu Limited , BharatBenz , Ford , BMW and Mitsubishi have manufacturing plants in Chennai . The Heavy Vehicles Factory at Avadi produces military vehicles , including India 's main battle tank : Arjun MBT . The Integral Coach Factory manufactures railway coaches and other rolling stock for Indian Railways . The Ambattur -- Padi industrial zone houses many textile manufacturers , and a special economic zone ( SEZ ) for apparel and footwear manufacturing has been set up in the southern suburbs of the city . Chennai contributes more than 50 percent of India 's leather exports .
Labour in India
Given its natural rate of population growth and aging characteristics , India is adding about 13 million new workers every year to its labour pool . India 's economy has been adding about 8 million new jobs every year predominantly in low paying , unorganised sector . The remaining 5 million youth joining the ranks of poorly paid partial employment , casual labour pool for temporary infrastructure and real estate construction jobs , or in many cases , being unemployed .
Economy of India
India 's mineral resources are vast . However , its mining industry has declined -- contributing 2.3 % of its GDP in 2010 compared to 3 % in 2000 , and employed 2.9 million people -- a decreasing percentage of its total labour . India is a net importer of many minerals including coal . India 's mining sector decline is because of complex permit , regulatory and administrative procedures , inadequate infrastructure , shortage of capital resources , and slow adoption of environmentally sustainable technologies .
Labour in India
Estimates of bonded labour in India vary widely , depending on survey methods , assumptions and sources . Official Indian government estimates claim a few hundred thousand labourers are bonded labourers ; while a 1978 estimate placed bonded labour in India to be 2.62 million . The 32nd National Sample Survey Organisation survey in India estimated 343,000 bonded labourers in 16 major states , of which 285,379 were located and freed by 1996 . The major employment sectors for debt bonded labour include : agriculture , stone quarries , brick kilns , religious and temple workmen , pottery , rural weaving , fishing , forestry , betel and bidi workers , carpet , illegal mining and fireworks . Child labour has been found in family debt bonded situations . In each survey , debt bonded labourers have been found in unorganised , unincorporated sector .
Automotive industry in India
Hyundai , Suzuki , BMW , Volkswagen , Audi , Mercedes Benz , Ford , Fiat , Honda , Chevrolet ( of General Motors ) , Toyota , Lamborghini , Jaguar , and Skoda are the foreign automotive companies that manufacture and market their products in India . Vehicles
Education in India
The number of graduates coming out of technical colleges increased to over 7 lakh in 2011 from 5.5 lakh in FY 2010 . However , according to one study , 75 % of technical graduates and more than 85 % of general graduates lack the skills needed in India 's most demanding and high - growth global industries such as Information Technology . These high - tech global information technologies companies directly or indirectly employ about 23 lakh people , less than 1 % of India 's labour pool . India offers one of the largest pool of technically skilled graduates in the world . Given the sheer numbers of students seeking education in engineering , science and mathematics , India faces daunting challenges in scaling up capacity while maintaining quality .
Economy of India
The telecommunication sector generated ₹ 2.20 lakh crore ( US $33 billion ) in revenue in 2014 -- 15 , accounting for 1.94 % of total GDP . India is the second - largest market in the world by number of telephone users ( both fixed and mobile phones ) with 1.053 billion subscribers as of 31 August 2016 . It has one of the lowest call - tariffs in the world , due to fierce competition among telecom operators . India has the world 's third - largest Internet user - base . As of 31 March 2016 , there were 342.65 million Internet subscribers in the country .
Labour in India
About 30 million workers are migrant workers , most in agriculture , and local stable employment is unavailable for them .
Labour in India
India 's Ministry of Labour , in its 2008 report , classified the unorganised labour in India into four groups . This classification categorized India 's unorganised labour force by occupation , nature of employment , specially distressed categories and service categories . The unorganised occupational groups include small and marginal farmers , landless agricultural labourers , sharecroppers , fishermen , those engaged in animal husbandry , beedi rolling , labeling and packing , building and construction workers , leather workers , weavers , artisans , salt workers , workers in brick kilns and stone quarries , workers in saw mills , and workers in oil mills . A separate category based on nature of employment includes attached agricultural labourers , bonded labourers , migrant workers , contract and casual labourers . Another separate category dedicated to distressed unorganised sector includes toddy tappers , scavengers , carriers of head loads , drivers of animal driven vehicles , loaders and unloaders . The last unorganised labour category includes service workers such as midwives , domestic workers , barbers , vegetable and fruit vendors , newspaper vendors , pavement vendors , hand cart operators , and the unorganised retail .
Economy of India
India became the tenth - largest insurance market in the world in 2013 , rising from 15th in 2011 . At a total market size of US $66.4 billion in 2013 , it remains small compared to world 's major economies , and the Indian insurance market accounts for 2 % of the world 's insurance business . India 's life and non-life insurance industry has been growing at 20 % , and double - digit growth is expected to continue through 2021 . The market retains about 360 million active life - insurance policies , the most in the world . Of the 52 insurance companies in India , 24 are active in life - insurance business . The life - insurance industry is projected to increase at double - digit CAGR through 2019 , reaching US $1 trillion annual notional values by 2021 .
India
The pharmaceutical industry in India is among the significant emerging markets for the global pharmaceutical industry . The Indian pharmaceutical market is expected to reach $48.5 billion by 2020 . India 's R & D spending constitutes 60 % of the biopharmaceutical industry . India is among the top 12 biotech destinations in the world . The Indian biotech industry grew by 15.1 % in 2012 -- 13 , increasing its revenues from 204.4 billion INR ( Indian rupees ) to 235.24 billion INR ( 3.94 B US $ -- exchange rate June 2013 : 1 US $ approx. 60 INR ) .
Labour in India
Indian labour laws are considered to be very highly regulated and rigid as compared to those of other countries in the world . The intensity of these laws have been criticised as the cause of low employment growth , large unorganised sectors , underground economy and low per capita income . These have led many to demand reforms for Labour market flexibility in India . India has over 50 major Acts and numerous laws that regulate employers in matters relating to industrial relations , employee unions as well as who , how and when enterprises can employ or terminate employment . Many of these laws survive from British colonial times , while some have been enacted after India 's independence from Britain .
Automotive industry in India
known as Bajaj Chetak , by Bajaj became the largest sold scooter in the world
Automotive industry in India
In recent years , India has emerged as a leading center for the manufacture of small cars . Hyundai , the biggest exporter from the country , now ships more than 250,000 cars annually from India . Apart from Maruti Exports ' shipments to Suzuki 's other markets , Maruti Suzuki also manufactures small cars for Nissan , which sells them in Europe . Nissan will also export small cars from its new Indian assembly line . Tata Motors exports its passenger vehicles to Asian and African markets , and is preparing to sell electric cars in Europe in 2010 . The firm is planning to sell an electric version of its affordable car the Tata Nano in Europe and in the U.S . Mahindra & Mahindra is preparing to introduce its pickup trucks and small SUV models in the U.S. market . Bajaj Auto is designing a low - cost car for Renault Nissan Automotive India , which will market the product worldwide . Renault Nissan may also join domestic commercial vehicle manufacturer Ashok Leyland in another small car project . While the possibilities for the Indian automobile industry are impressive , there are challenges that could thwart future growth . Since the demand for automobiles in recent years is directly linked to overall economic expansion and rising personal incomes , industry growth will slow if the economy weakens .
Economy of India
The particular strength of this sub-sector is in precision cutting , polishing and processing small diamonds ( below one carat ) . India is also a hub for processing of larger diamonds , pearls and other precious stones . Statistically , 11 out of 12 diamonds set in any jewellery in the world are cut and polished in India . It is also a major hub of gold and other precious - metal - based jewellery . Domestic demand for gold and jewellery products is another driver of India 's GDP .
Forestry in India
In 2002 , forestry industry contributed 1.7 % to India 's GDP . In 2010 , the contribution to GDP dropped to 0.9 % , largely because of rapid growth of the economy in other sectors and the government 's decision to reform and reduce import tariffs to let imports satisfy the growing Indian demand for wood products . India produces a range of processed forest ( wood and non-wood ) products ranging from wood panel products and wood pulp to make bronze , rattazikistan ware and pern resin . India 's paper industry produces over 3,000 metric tonnes annually from more than 400 mills . The furniture and craft industry is another consumer of wood . India 's wood - based processing industries consumed about 30 million cubic metres of industrial wood in 2002 . India annually consumes an additional 270 million tonnes of fuelwood , 2800 million tonnes of fodder , and about 102 million cubic meter of forest products - valued at about ₹ 27,500 crore ( US $4.3 billion ) a year . India is one of the world 's largest consumer of fuel - wood . India 's consumption of fuel - wood is about five times higher than what can be sustainably removed from forests . However , a large percentage of this fuel - wood is grown as biomass remaining from agriculture , and is managed outside forests . Fuel - wood meets about 40 % of the energy needs of the country . Around 80 % of rural people and 48 % of urban people use fuel - wood . Unless India makes major , rapid and sustained effort to expand electricity generation and power plants , the rural and urban poor in India will continue to meet their energy needs through unsustainable destruction of forests and fuel wood consumption . India 's dependence on fuel - wood and forestry products as a primary energy source is not only environmentally unsustainable , it is a primary cause of India 's near - permanent haze and air pollution .
Automotive industry in India
Near Mumbai , Maharashtra , along the Chakan corridor near Pune , is the western cluster , with a 33 % share of the market . Audi , Volkswagen , and Skoda are located in Aurangabad . Mahindra and Mahindra has an SUV and engine assembly plant at Nashik . General Motors , Tata Motors , Mercedes Benz , Land Rover , Jaguar , Fiat , and Force Motors have assembly plants in the area .
Automotive industry in India
Kolkata with Hindustan Motors ( inactive ) , Noida with Honda , and Bengaluru with Toyota are other automotive manufacturing regions around the country .
Automotive industry in India
Ashok Leyland -- Bhandara Bajaj Auto -- Waluj Aurangabad Force Motors -- Pune Mahindra Navistar -- Chakan ( Pune ) MAN Trucks India -- Akurdi ( Pune ) Piaggio Vehicles -- Baramati ( Pune ) Premier Automobiles Limited -- Pimpri Chinchwad ( Pune ) Eicher ( VE Commercial Vehicles Ltd . ) -- Thane . Sany India -- Pune . Hyundai Construction Equipment -- Chakan ( Pune ) . Terex -- Khed ( Pune ) . Caterpillar - Banda .
Labour in India
Scholars suggest inflexibility and structure of India 's labour market , size of informal economy , legal hurdles preventing industries from scaling up and lack of modern manufacturing technologies are major macroeconomic factors encouraging demand for and acceptability of child labour .
Automotive industry in India
Global auto maker Ford plans to manufacture in India two families of engines by 2017 , a 2.2 litre diesel engine code - named Panther , and a 1.2 litre petrol engine code - named Dragon , which are expected to power 270,000 Ford vehicles globally . The world 's largest air bag suppliers Autoliv Inc , Takata Corp , TRW Automotive Inc and Toyoda Gosei Co are setting up plants and increasing capacity in India . General Motors plans to invest US $1 billion in India by 2020 , mainly to increase the capacity at the Talegaon plant in Maharashtra from 130,000 units a year to 220,000 by 2025 . US - based car maker Chrysler has planned to invest Rs 3,500 crore ( US $525 million ) in Maharashtra , to manufacture Jeep Grand Cherokee model . Mercedes Benz has decided to manufacture the GLA entry SUV in India . The company has doubled its India assembly capacity to 20,000 units per annum . Germany - based luxury car maker Bayerische Motoren Werke AG 's ( BMW ) local unit has announced to procure components from seven India - based auto parts makers . Mahindra Two Wheelers Limited ( MTWL ) acquired 51 per cent shares in France - based Peugeot Motorcycles ( PMTC ) .
Economy of India
The five - year plans , especially in the pre-liberalisation era , attempted to reduce regional disparities by encouraging industrial development in the interior regions and distributing industries across states . The results have been discouraging as these measures increased inefficiency and hampered effective industrial growth . The more advanced states have been better placed to benefit from liberalisation , with well - developed infrastructure and an educated and skilled workforce , which attract the manufacturing and service sectors . Governments of less - advanced states have tried to reduce disparities by offering tax holidays and cheap land , and focused on sectors like tourism which can develop faster than other sectors . India 's income Gini coefficient is 33.9 , according to the United Nations Development Program ( UNDP ) , indicating overall income distribution to be more uniform than East Asia , Latin America and Africa .
Forestry in India
Forestry in India is a significant rural industry and a major environmental resource . India is one of the ten most forest - rich countries of the world along with the Russian Federation , Brazil , Canada , United States of America , China , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Australia , Indonesia and Sudan . Together , India and these countries account for 67 percent of total forest area of the world . India 's forest cover grew at 0.22 % annually over 1990 - 2000 , and has grown at the rate of 0.46 % per year over 2000 - 2010 , after decades where forest degradation was a matter of serious concern .
Chennai
Chennai has a diversified economic base anchored by the automobile , software services , hardware manufacturing , health care and financial services industries . According to the Confederation of Indian Industry , Chennai is estimated to grow to a US $100 -- billion economy , 2.5 times its present size , by the year 2025 . As of 2012 , with ₹ 1 lakh crore investment in the pipeline over 5 years , the city is poised for major industrial investment . Chennai is classified as a global city by GaWC , with a ranking of Beta based on the extent of global reach and financial influence .
Economy of India
India is ranked 100th out of 190 countries in the World Bank 's 2018 ease of doing business index , up 30 points from the last year 's 130 . This is first time in history where India got into the top 100 rank . In terms of dealing with construction permits and enforcing contracts , it is ranked among the 10 worst in the world , while it has a relatively favourable ranking when it comes to protecting minority investors or getting credit . The strong efforts taken by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion ( DIPP ) to boost ease of doing business rankings at the state level is said to impact the overall rankings of India .
Automotive industry in India
Mahindra & Mahindra Automotive Division -- Nashik , Chakan ( Pune ) Ssangyong Motor Company -- Chakan ( Pune ) Tata Motors Limited Tata Motors -- Pimpri Chinchwad ( Pune ) Jaguar Cars and Land Rover -- Pune Mercedes - Benz Passenger Cars -- Chakan ( Pune ) Fiat Automobiles and Jeep India -- Ranjangaon ( Pune ) General Motors India -- Talegaon ( Pune ) Volkswagen Group Sales India Private Limited Volkswagen -- Chakan ( Pune ) Skoda Auto - Chakan ( Pune ) Audi AG -- Aurangabad Škoda Auto -- Aurangabad Chinkara Motors -- Karlekhind Alibag Premier Automobiles Limited -- Pimpri Chinchwad ( Pune )