vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Ancient Egyptian deities
Nationally important deities gave rise to local manifestations , which sometimes absorbed the characteristics of older regional deities . Horus had many forms tied to particular places , including Horus of Nekhen , Horus of Buhen , and Horus of Edfu . Such local manifestations could be treated almost as separate beings . During the New Kingdom , one man was accused of stealing clothes by an oracle supposed to communicate messages from Amun of Pe - Khenty . He consulted two other local oracles of Amun hoping for a different judgment . Manifestations of deities also differed according to their roles . Horus could be a powerful sky god or a vulnerable child , and these forms were sometimes counted as independent deities .
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Members of the council had the right to speak freely , and although there is no direct evidence that they voted on affairs of state , it is clear that the king was at least occasionally pressured to agree to their demands . The assembly was apparently given the right to judge cases of high treason and assign punishments for them , such as when Alexander the Great acted as prosecutor in the trial and conviction of three alleged conspirators in his father 's assassination plot ( while many others were acquitted ) . However , there is perhaps insufficient evidence to allow a conclusion that councils and assemblies were regularly upheld or constitutionally grounded , or that their decisions were always heeded by the king . At the death of Alexander the Great , the companions immediately formed a council to assume control of his empire , but it was soon destabilized by open rivalry and conflict between its members . The army also used mutiny as a tool to achieve political ends .
Rings of Power
When Sauron made the ring , he was obliged to transfer much of his power into it so that it could control the other rings , themselves objects of great potency . With the ring , Sauron remained very powerful , and he could use it to dominate the will of others ; he very quickly corrupted Númenor into the worship of Melkor and open rebellion against the Valar .
Philosophical skepticism
During his long stay in Paris , Thomas Hobbes was actively involved in the circle of major skeptics like Gassendi and Mersenne who focus on the study of skepticism and epistemology . Unlike his fellow skeptic friends , Hobbes never treated skepticism as a main topic for discussion in his works . Nonetheless , Hobbes was still labeled as a religious skeptic by his contemporaries for raising doubts about Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch and his political and psychological explanation of the religions . Although Hobbes himself did not go further to challenge other religious principles , his suspicion for the Mosaic authorship did siginificant damage to the religious traditions and paved the way for later religious skeptics like Spinoza and Isaac La Peyrère to further question some of the fundamental beliefs of the Judeo - Christian religious system . Hobbes ' answer to skepticism and epsitmology was innvatively political : he believed that moral knowledge and religious knowledge were in their nature relative , and there was no absolute standard of truth governing them . As a result , it was out of political reasons that certain truth standards about religions and ethics were devised and established in order to form functioning government and stable society . Baruch
Steve Trevor
In 1968 , Diana chose to give up her powers and cut ties with her native Paradise Island to stay close to Steve . Trevor was killed off in the next issue . He was thus absent for the next few years of the comic . In the mid-1970s , following the return of the heroine 's powers , Trevor was brought back to life by Aphrodite , and given a new identity as the brunette Steve Howard . In 1978 , he was killed off again . He would be replaced in 1980 by a double from another , undisclosed dimension of the Multiverse . For the next few years the classic relationship of Wonder Woman and Steve Trevor would be essentially restored , and explored with some detail . In 1985 with issue # 322 , writer Dan Mishkin dealt with Trevor 's three separate `` lives '' , and after much explanation merged the `` new '' Steve with the old .
Kim Jong-un
On 17 December 2011 , Kim Jong - il died . Despite the elder Kim 's plans , it was not immediately clear after his death whether Jong - un would in fact take full power , and what his exact role in a new government would be . Some analysts had predicted that when Kim Jong - il died , Jang Song - thaek would act as regent , as Jong - un was too inexperienced to immediately lead the country .
Samurai
Ultimately , Emperor Kanmu disbanded his army . From this time , the emperor 's power gradually declined . While the emperor was still the ruler , powerful clans around Kyoto assumed positions as ministers , and their relatives bought positions as magistrates . To amass wealth and repay their debts , magistrates often imposed heavy taxes , resulting in many farmers becoming landless . Through protective agreements and political marriages , they accumulated political power , eventually surpassing the traditional aristocracy .
List of The Land Before Time characters
Archie is an old Archelon , living in a cave - system just outside the Land of Mists . He has only appeared in The Land Before Time IV : Journey Through the Mists , wherein he guides Littlefoot and his friends through the caves .
History of chemistry
Still , skepticism remained as to the general power of quantum mechanics applied to complex chemical systems . The situation around 1930 is described by Paul Dirac :
Rings of Power
The One Ring possessed something of a will of its own . Its only accepted master was Sauron himself , and it would seek to leave any other bearer when it would cause the greatest harm , or when it might return to Sauron . Bilbo warned Frodo of this , and Frodo kept it on a chain so that it would not slip off unnoticed . In the end , Gollum succumbs to the malevolent influence of the ring , defies Frodo , and takes the ring for himself . While dancing with joy over the recovery of the ring , Gollum falls into the Cracks of Doom in Orodruin , where the ring is destroyed . With the destruction of the Ring , Gandalf explains that Sauron is weakened to the point that he will never be able to materialize again .
Themistocles
Themistocles , with his power - base firmly established among the poor , moved naturally to fill the vacuum left by Miltiades 's death , and in that decade became the most influential politician in Athens . However , the support of the nobility began to coalesce around the man who would become Themistocles 's great rival -- Aristides . Aristides cast himself as Themistocles 's opposite -- virtuous , honest and incorruptible -- and his followers called him `` the just '' . Plutarch suggests that the rivalry between the two had begun when they competed over the love of a boy : `` ... they were rivals for the affection of the beautiful Stesilaus of Ceos , and were passionate beyond all moderation . '' A
Wonder Woman
Wonder Woman 's origin story relates that she was sculpted from clay by her mother Queen Hippolyta and was given a life to live as an Amazon , along with superhuman powers as gifts by the Greek gods . In recent years , DC changed her background with the revelation that she is the daughter of Zeus and Hippolyta , jointly raised by her mother and her aunts Antiope and Menalippe . The character has changed in depiction over the decades , including briefly losing her powers entirely in the 1970s ; by the 1980s , artist George Perez gave her a muscular look and emphasized her Amazonian heritage . She possesses an arsenal of advanced technology , including the Lasso of Truth , a pair of indestructible bracelets , a tiara which serves as a projectile , and , in older stories , a range of devices based on Amazon technology .
Ryukyuan religion
According to George Kerr in his Okinawa : the History of an Island People , the noro was at one time a priestess - queen , wielding both political and spiritual power within her community . Chinese records of the Northern Wei dynasty described the political power of the noro in much the same way Caesar described that of the Druids : influence over spiritual powers was used to wield judicial and martial influence over men . One noro , Pimeku , even attempted to forge a kingdom of independent islands ( Kerr 31 ) . The Ryukyu Islands are described as queen islands in Japanese records as well . Gradually , however , the noro 's role as ritual leader and religious consultant became independent of her role as political leader , perhaps as the result of sharing more and more power with her male relatives in order to deal with an increasing demand for her ritual services .
Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)
Niklaus Mikaelson ( more commonly called Klaus ) is physically the most powerful immortal supernatural being in The Vampire Diaries and The Originals universe . He is shown to be cruel , sadistic , ruthless , and yet he finds love in Caroline Forbes . He 's portrayed by British actor Joseph Morgan . After the Original couple moved to the Americas , Klaus 's mother had an affair with a member of the neighboring werewolf tribe . Klaus was born as a result . The mother 's infidelity was later revealed . His illegitimate birth as well as his perceived weaknesses made him the target of his step - father 's ruthless hatred , emotional neglect , abuse , and contempt .
Athenian democracy
No office appointed by lot could be held twice by the same individual . The only exception was the boule or council of 500 . In this case , simply by demographic necessity , an individual could serve twice in a lifetime . This principle extended down to the secretaries and undersecretaries who served as assistants to magistrates such as the archons . To the Athenians it seems what had to be guarded against was not incompetence but any tendency to use office as a way of accumulating ongoing power . Election
Powers of the President of the United States
The President of the United States has numerous powers , including those explicitly granted by Article II of the United States Constitution .
Athenian democracy
Under Roman rule , the archons ranked as the highest officials . They were elected , and even foreigners such as Domitian and Hadrian held the office as a mark of honour . Four presided over the judicial administration . The Council ( whose numbers varied at different times from three hundred to seven hundred and fifty ) was appointed by lot . It was superseded in importance by the Areopagus , which , recruited from the elected archons , had an aristocratic character and was entrusted with wide powers . From the time of Hadrian an imperial curator superintended the finances . The shadow of the old constitution lingered on and Archons and Areopagus survived the fall of the Roman Empire .
Prometheus
According to the first , he was clamped to a rock in the Caucasus for betraying the secrets of the gods to men , and the gods sent eagles to feed on his liver , which was perpetually renewed . According to the second , Prometheus , goaded by the pain of the tearing beaks , pressed himself deeper and deeper into the rock until he became one with it . According to the third , his treachery was forgotten in the course of thousands of years , forgotten by the gods , the eagles , forgotten by himself . According to the fourth , everyone grew weary of the meaningless affair . The gods grew weary , the eagles grew weary , the wound closed wearily . There remains the inexplicable mass of rock . The legend tried to explain the inexplicable . As it came out of a substratum of truth it had in turn to end in the inexplicable .
Rings of Power
Although the Verse of the Rings describes Three Rings for the Elven - kings , the only Elven king who actually held a ring was Gil - galad . He held both Vilya and Narya , but entrusted them to Elrond and Círdan before perishing in Mordor .
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Roosevelt appointed powerful men to top positions but made all the major decisions , regardless of delays , inefficiency or resentment . Analyzing the president 's administrative style , historian James MacGregor Burns concludes :
Ancient Greece
Only free , land owning , native - born men could be citizens entitled to the full protection of the law in a city - state . In most city - states , unlike the situation in Rome , social prominence did not allow special rights . Sometimes families controlled public religious functions , but this ordinarily did not give any extra power in the government . In Athens , the population was divided into four social classes based on wealth . People could change classes if they made more money . In Sparta , all male citizens were called homoioi , meaning `` peers '' . However , Spartan kings , who served as the city - state 's dual military and religious leaders , came from two families . Slavery
Hellenistic period
... the Athenians found themselves suddenly a great power . Not just in one field , but in everything they set their minds to ... As subjects of a tyrant , what had they accomplished ? ... Held down like slaves they had shirked and slacked ; once they had won their freedom , not a citizen but he could feel like he was labouring for himself ''
Prometheus
The inventor of human - like artificial intelligence in the 2015 film Ex Machina , Nathan Bateman , states , `` It is what it is . It 's Promethean . The clay and fire . '' His liver is damaged daily from alcoholic binge drinking , he rejuvenates the next morning with a healthy diet and exercise , and ultimately , he is stabbed in the liver ( or thereabouts ) by his creations .
Analects
Chapter 10 contains detailed descriptions of Confucius 's behaviors in various daily activities . Voltaire and Ezra Pound believed that this chapter demonstrated how Confucius was a mere human . Simon Leys , who recently translated the Analects into English and French , said that the book may have been the first in human history to describe the life of an individual , historic personage . Elias Canetti wrote : `` Confucius 's Analects is the oldest complete intellectual and spiritual portrait of a man . It strikes one as a modern book ; everything it contains and indeed everything it lacks is important . ''
List of The Land Before Time characters
Guido , voiced by Rob Paulsen , is a teal blue Microraptor gui , who first appears in The Land Before Time XII : The Great Day of the Flyers . He is convinced that he 's the only one of his kind , having never seen another of his kind before . His origins are unknown , as he apparently has no idea what he is or where he came from . Though he tries to fly , he can only glide for a brief period of time . He reappears in the TV episode `` The Hermit of Black Rock '' , in which he and Petrie meet an old blind purple Harpactognathus named Swooper ( voiced by Jess Harnell ) , and learns to fly properly . He often appears neurotic or panicky at times , and easily confused .
Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)
In Klaus 's confrontations against the - then Enhanced Original Vampire Alaric Saltzman , his step - father Mikael , and the Upgraded Original Vampires Lucien Castle and Marcel Gerard respectively , the latters ' are apparently proven to be physically stronger than Klaus , however , it should be noted in each of these confrontations , the Original Hybrid never truly used his full strength , as his physical attributes ( such as strength and speed ) are at their peaks when he is fully transformed into his werewolf form .
Separation of powers under the United States Constitution
The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power : George Washington only vetoed two bills , James Monroe one , and John Adams , Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none . James Madison , a firm believer in a strong executive , vetoed seven bills . None of the first six Presidents , however , used the veto to direct national policy . It was Andrew Jackson , the seventh President , who was the first to use the veto as a political weapon . During his two terms in office , he vetoed 12 bills -- more than all of his predecessors combined . Furthermore , he defied the Supreme Court in enforcing the policy of ethnically cleansing Native American tribes ( `` Indian Removal '' ) ; he stated ( perhaps apocryphally ) , `` John Marshall has made his decision . Now let him enforce it ! ''
Natural selection
Several philosophers of the classical era , including Empedocles and his intellectual successor , the Roman poet Lucretius , expressed the idea that nature produces a huge variety of creatures , randomly , and that only those creatures that manage to provide for themselves and reproduce successfully persist . Empedocles ' idea that organisms arose entirely by the incidental workings of causes such as heat and cold was criticised by Aristotle in Book II of Physics . He posited natural teleology in its place , and believed that form was achieved for a purpose , citing the regularity of heredity in species as proof . Nevertheless , he accepted in his biology that new types of animals , monstrosities ( τερας ) , can occur in very rare instances ( Generation of Animals , Book IV ) . As quoted in Darwin 's 1872 edition of The Origin of Species , Aristotle considered whether different forms ( e.g. , of teeth ) might have appeared accidentally , but only the useful forms survived :
The Six Million Dollar Man
In Brazil , under the military dictatorship , some important government officials -- previously elected by direct suffrage -- were appointed by the President , or elected indirectly , out of a shortlist picked by the President . These politicians were called `` bionic '' ( biônicos ) , due to the series ' popularity , and the association with the perceived extraordinary power and influence held by the appointed officials . Between 1964 and 1985 , Brazil came to have `` bionic '' senators , governors and mayors . With the 1988 Constitution of Brazil , all `` bionic '' appointments were abolished .
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
In 1973 , magician , television personality , and self - proclaimed psychic Uri Geller appeared on the show . In the documentary , James Randi - Secrets of the Psychics , magician and skeptical activist James Randi says that `` Johnny had been a magician himself and was skeptical '' of Geller 's claimed paranormal powers , so prior to the date of taping , Randi was asked `` to help prevent any trickery . '' Per Randi 's advice , the show prepared their own props without informing Geller , and did not let Geller or his staff `` anywhere near them . '' When Geller joined Carson on stage , he appeared surprised that he was not going to be interviewed , but instead was expected to display his abilities using the provided articles . Geller said `` This scares me . '' and `` I 'm surprised because before this program your producer came and he read me at least 40 questions you were going to ask me . '' Geller was unable to display any paranormal abilities , saying `` I do n't feel strong '' and he expressed his displeasure at feeling like he was being `` pressed '' to perform by Carson . According to Adam Higginbotham 's Nov. 7 , 2014 article in the New York Times :
Joker (character)
The Joker 's main characteristic is his apparent insanity , although he is not described as having any particular psychological disorder . Like a psychopath , he lacks empathy , a conscience , and concern over right and wrong . In A Serious House on Serious Earth , the Joker is described as capable of processing outside sensory information only by adapting to it . This enables him to create a new personality every day ( depending on what would benefit him ) and explains why , at different times , he is a mischievous clown or a psychopathic killer . In `` The Clown at Midnight '' ( Batman # 663 , 2007 ) , the Joker enters a meditative state where he evaluates his previous selves to consciously create a new personality , effectively modifying himself for his needs .
Education in ancient Rome
Even at the height of his career , Verrius Flaccus , whose prestige allowed him to charge enormous fees and be hired by Augustus to teach his grandsons , never had his own schoolroom . Instead , he , like many of his fellow teachers , shared space at privately financed schools , which were dependent on ( usually very low ) tuition fees , and rented out classroom space wherever they could find it . Other teachers sidestepped rent and lighting costs by convening their classes on pavements , colonnades or in other public spaces , where traffic noise , street crowds and bad weather were sure to pose problems .
History of the United States Constitution
The regulation of state power presented a `` qualitatively different '' undertaking . In the state constitutions , the people did not enumerate powers . They gave their representatives every right and authority not explicitly reserved to themselves . The Constitution extended the limits that the states had previously imposed upon themselves under the Articles of Confederation , forbidding taxes on imports and disallowing treaties among themselves , for example .
Prime Minister of Russia
Since 1905 , the Prime Minister received extensive powers , had the opportunity to pursue their own policies and reforms . So one of the strongest Prime Ministers is considered Pyotr Stolypin , who during his Premiership has held several major ( though controversial ) reforms .
Athenian democracy
The longest - lasting democratic leader was Pericles . After his death , Athenian democracy was twice briefly interrupted by oligarchic revolutions towards the end of the Peloponnesian War . It was modified somewhat after it was restored under Eucleides ; the most detailed accounts of the system are of this fourth - century modification rather than the Periclean system . Democracy was suppressed by the Macedonians in 322 BC . The Athenian institutions were later revived , but how close they were to a real democracy is debatable . Solon ( 594 BC ) , Cleisthenes ( 508 / 7 BC ) , and Ephialtes ( 462 BC ) contributed to the development of Athenian democracy . Cleisthenes broke up the power of the nobility by organizing citizens into ten groups based on where they lived rather than on their wealth .
Akbar
Akbar was a warrior , emperor , general , animal trainer ( reputedly keeping thousands of hunting cheetahs during his reign and training many himself ) , and theologian . Believed to be dyslexic , he was read to everyday and had a remarkable memory .
Age of Enlightenment
John Locke , one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers , based his governance philosophy in social contract theory , a subject that permeated Enlightenment political thought . The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ushered in this new debate with his work Leviathan in 1651 . Hobbes also developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought : the right of the individual ; the natural equality of all men ; the artificial character of the political order ( which led to the later distinction between civil society and the state ) ; the view that all legitimate political power must be `` representative '' and based on the consent of the people ; and a liberal interpretation of law which leaves people free to do whatever the law does not explicitly forbid . Like
Lucky Spencer
Jackson said that he was not concerned or focused on the events in Lucky 's life while he was gone , stating : `` You ca n't act information and you ca n't act history ( ... ) That 's what happened and that 's what he 's gone through , and that 's that . '' Jackson felt the heart and soul of the character were still the same ; the foundation of Lucky was still the product of Luke and Laura . He described his portrayal as working through the contradictory traits Lucky inherited from his parents , the purity of Laura versus the con artist side of Luke . He explained that he was taking the essence of being their son and translating him into adulthood . ``