vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Pokémon Platinum
The developers chose to call the game Platinum because of their observations that `` diamond '' has a `` meaning of love '' , while pearl has a `` meaning of happiness '' . They explained that they wanted to choose something that seems `` beautiful '' , describing platinum as `` different from a diamond , different from a gem , different from a pearl , different from something that nature creates , something ( that ) shines , something beautiful . '' They also created the story to be different from Diamond and Pearl , commenting that they wanted to make Giratina seem `` more fun , more interesting , cooler . '' They added Giratina 's new area to make the story `` more appealing '' . While Diamond and Pearl had gym leaders who sometimes had Pokémon not in keeping with the type they focus on , Platinum changes this so all Pokémon belonging to gym leaders were the appropriate type .
Ham hock
A ham hock ( or hough ) or pork knuckle is the joint between the tibia / fibula and the metatarsals of the foot of a pig , where the foot was attached to the hog 's leg . It is the portion of the leg that is neither part of the ham proper nor the foot or ankle , but rather the extreme shank end of the leg bone .
Afrikaans
Some state that instead of Afrikaners , which refers to an ethnic group , the terms Afrikaanses or Afrikaanssprekendes ( lit . Afrikaans speakers ) should be used for people of any ethnic origin who speak Afrikaans . Linguistic identity has not yet established which terms shall prevail , and all three are used in common parlance . The white Afrikaans - speaking community started being referred to colloquially as `` The Boere '' . The terms boerseun ( farm boy ) and boeremeisie ( farm girl ) became popular among young white Afrikaners for expressing national pride , regardless of whether or not they actually grew up on a farm . The
The Three Stooges
In most other languages , the Three Stooges are known by some corresponding variant of their English name . In Chinese , however , the trio is known idiomatically as Sānge Chòu Píjiàng ( 三 個 臭 皮匠 ) or Huóbǎo Sānrénzǔ ( 活寶 三 人組 ) . Sānge Chòu Píjiàng , literally `` Three Smelly Shoemakers '' , which derives from a saying in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms : Sāngè chòu píjiàng shèngguò yīgè Zhūgě Liàng ( 三 個 臭 皮匠 , 勝 過 一個 諸葛亮 ) or `` Three smelly shoemakers ( are enough to ) overcome one Zhuge Liang ( a hero of the story ) '' , i.e. three inferior people can overpower a superior person when they combine their strength . Huóbǎo Sānrénzǔ translates as `` Trio of Buffoons '' . Likewise in Japanese they are known as San Baka Taishō ( 三 ばか 大将 ) meaning `` Three Idiot Generals '' or `` Three Baka Generals '' .
Grabbed by the Ghoulies
The development of Grabbed by the Ghoulies began after the release of Conker 's Bad Fur Day . The idea for the game began with the name , which is a pun on `` goolies '' , a British slang term for `` testicles '' . According to designer Gregg Mayles , the name of the game materialised after he overheard someone mention `` being grabbed by the goolies '' , and thought that it would make a suitable name for an upcoming Rare game . Before any details of the game were publicised , it was rumoured that Grabbed by the Ghoulies would be the subtitle to the next Conker the Squirrel game . After Microsoft purchased Rare for £ 375 million in 2002 , development of the game for the GameCube was delayed until Rare converted it to the Xbox console .
Collagen
The name collagen comes from the Greek κόλλα ( kólla ) , meaning `` glue '' , and suffix - γέν , - gen , denoting `` producing '' . This refers to the compound 's early use in the process of boiling the skin and tendons of horses and other animals to obtain glue .
Brown bear
The brown bear is sometimes referred to as the bruin , from Middle English . This name originated in the fable , History of Reynard the Fox , translated by William Caxton , from Middle Dutch bruun or bruyn , meaning brown ( the color ) . In the mid-19th century United States , the brown bear was termed `` Old Ephraim '' and sometimes as `` Moccasin Joe '' .
Theatre of ancient Greece
The word τραγῳδία ( tragoidia ) , from which the word `` tragedy '' is derived , is a compound of two Greek words : τράγος ( tragos ) or `` goat '' and ᾠδή ( ode ) meaning `` song '' , from ἀείδειν ( aeidein ) , `` to sing '' . This etymology indicates a link with the practices of the ancient Dionysian cults . It is impossible , however , to know with certainty how these fertility rituals became the basis for tragedy and comedy .
Pluto (mythology)
According to the Stoic philosopher Cornutus ( 1st century AD ) , Pluto wore a wreath of phasganion , more often called xiphion , traditionally identified as a type of gladiolus . Dioscorides recorded medical uses for the plant . For extracting stings and thorns , xiphion was mixed with wine and frankincense to make a cataplasm . The plant was also used as an aphrodisiac and contraceptive . It grew in humid places . In an obscure passage , Cornutus seems to connect Pluto 's wearing of phasganion to an etymology for Avernus , which he derives from the word for `` air , '' perhaps through some association with the color glaukos , `` bluish grey , '' `` greenish '' or `` sea - colored , '' which might describe the plant 's leaves . Because the color could describe the sky , Cornutus regularly gives it divine connotations . Pluto 's twin sister was named Glauca .
Cherokee
Many theories -- though none proven -- abound about the origin of the name `` Cherokee '' . It may have originally been derived from the Choctaw word Cha - la - kee , which means `` people who live in the mountains '' , or Choctaw Chi - luk - ik - bi , meaning `` people who live in the cave country '' . The earliest Spanish transliteration of the name , from 1755 , is recorded as Tchalaquei . Another theory is that `` Cherokee '' derives from a Lower Creek word , Cvlakke ( `` chuh - log - gee '' ) . The Iroquois Five Nations based in New York have historically called the Cherokee Oyata'ge'ronoñ ( `` inhabitants of the cave country '' ) .
Hippocampus
The earliest description of the ridge running along the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle comes from the Venetian anatomist Julius Caesar Aranzi ( 1587 ) , who likened it first to a silkworm and then to a seahorse ( Latin : hippocampus from Greek : ἵππος , `` horse '' and κάμπος , `` sea monster '' ) . The German anatomist Duvernoy ( 1729 ) , the first to illustrate the structure , also wavered between `` seahorse '' and `` silkworm . '' `` Ram 's horn '' was proposed by the Danish anatomist Jacob Winsløw in 1732 ; and a decade later his fellow Parisian , the surgeon de Garengeot , used `` cornu Ammonis '' -- horn of ( the ancient Egyptian god ) Amun , who was often represented as having a ram 's head . This has survived in abbreviated form as CA in naming the subfields of the hippocampus . Another reference appeared with the term pes hippocampi , which may date back to Diemerbroeck in 1672 , introducing a comparison with the shape of the folded back forelimbs and webbed feet of the mythological hippocampus , a sea monster with a horse 's forequarters and a fish 's tail . The hippocampus was then described as pes hippocampi major , with an adjacent bulge in the occipital horn , described as the pes hippocampi minor and later renamed as the calcar avis . The renaming of the hippocampus as hippocampus major , and the calcar avis as hippocampus minor , has been attributed to Félix Vicq - d'Azyr systematising nomenclature of parts of the brain in 1786 . Mayer mistakenly used the term hippopotamus in 1779 , and was followed by some other authors until Karl Friedrich Burdach resolved this error in 1829 . In 1861 the hippocampus minor became the centre of a dispute over human evolution between Thomas Henry Huxley and Richard Owen , satirised as the Great Hippocampus Question . The term hippocampus minor fell from use in anatomy textbooks , and was officially removed in the Nomina Anatomica of 1895 .
Acronym
Non-Chinese foreign borrowings ( gairaigo ) are instead frequently abbreviated as clipped compounds , rather than acronyms , using several initial sounds . This is visible in katakana transcriptions of foreign words , but is also found with native words ( written in hiragana ) . For example , the Pokémon media franchise 's name originally stood for `` pocket monsters '' ( ポケット モンスター → ポケモン ) , which is still the long - form of the name in Japanese , and `` wāpuro '' stands for `` word processor '' ( ワード プロセッサー → ワープロ ) . German
Glumdalclitch
When he comes ashore , he is captured by a giant farmer , who perceives Gulliver only as an animal , a freak of nature resembling a man - shaped mouse . He takes Gulliver home and gives him to his nine - year - old daughter , a child `` not above forty feet high , being little for her age . '' She makes Gulliver her pet , creates a small travel case for him ( a miniature bed - chamber in a box ) , and is amused to play with him as if he were a doll . Gulliver grows very fond of the girl , and gives her the pet name of Glumdalclitch , or `` little nurse '' in the Brobdingian language . ( Of course `` little '' is highly ironic considering the circumstances . If Gulliver knows her real name , he does not tell the reader . ) Glumdalclitch is a skilled seamstress with a talent for making dolls ' clothes . Although Gulliver admires the wardrobe that she makes for him , he finds that even the finest Brodingnagian fabric is coarse and irritates his skin . The farmer takes Gulliver about as a freak show , charging observers money for performances . Gulliver grows very proud of the stunts that he performs for Glumdalclitch 's amusement .
Taxonomy (biology)
Taxonomy in the Middle Ages was largely based on the Aristotelian system , with additions concerning the philosophical and existential order of creatures . This included concepts such as the Great chain of being in the Western scholastic tradition , again deriving ultimately from Aristotle . Aristotelian system did not classify plants or fungi , due to the lack of microscope at the time , as his ideas were based on arranging the complete world in a single continuum , as per the scala naturae ( the Natural Ladder ) . This , as well , was taken into consideration in the Great chain of being . Advances were made by scholars such as Procopius , Timotheos of Gaza , Demetrios Pepagomenos , and Thomas Aquinas . Medieval thinkers used abstract philosophical and logical categorizations more suited to abstract philosophy than to pragmatic taxonomy . Renaissance
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The word Zaire is from a Portuguese adaptation of a Kikongo word nzere ( `` river '' ) , a truncation of nzadi o nzere ( `` river swallowing rivers '' ) . The river was known as Zaire during the 16th and 17th centuries ; Congo seems to have replaced Zaire gradually in English usage during the 18th century , and Congo is the preferred English name in 19th - century literature , although references to Zaire as the name used by the natives ( i.e. derived from Portuguese usage ) remained common .
List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters
A very large sheepdog belonging to a neighbor of Christopher Robin 's . He appears in `` Sorry , Wrong Slusher '' and `` A Pooh Day Afternoon '' . He is a nice dog , but sometimes makes trouble for the characters . Piglet is afraid of him ( as shown in `` Sorry , Wrong Slusher '' , where he thinks Skippy is the `` slusher '' that Christopher Robin and the animals are afraid of ) . Unlike other animal characters , Skippy is not anthropomorphized .
Pluto (mythology)
Its lower part , the heaviest element , sinks downwards , and is called Pluto because of its gravity , weight , and great quantity ( plêthos ) of matter . After the separation of this heavy element in the middle part of the egg the waters flow together , which they call Poseidon . The purest and noblest element , the fire , is called Zeus , because its nature is glowing ( ζέουσα , zeousa ) . It flies right up into the air , and draws up the spirit , now called Metis , that was left in the underlying moisture . And when this spirit has reached the summit of the ether , it is devoured by Zeus , who in his turn begets the intelligence ( σύνεσις , sunesis ) , also called Pallas . And by this artistic intelligence the etherial artificer creates the whole world . This world is surrounded by the air , which extends from Zeus , the very hot ether , to the earth ; this air is called Hera .
Minstrel show
Slave characters in general came to be low - comedy types with names that matched the instruments they played : Brudder Tambo ( or simply Tambo ) for the tambourine and Brudder Bones ( or Bones ) for the bone castanets or bones . These endmen ( for their position in the minstrel semicircle ) were ignorant and poorly spoken , being conned , electrocuted , or run over in various sketches . They happily shared their stupidity ; one slave character said that to get to China , one had only to go up in a balloon and wait for the world to rotate below . Highly musical and unable to sit still , they constantly contorted their bodies wildly while singing .
Drinking establishment
Speakeasies largely disappeared after Prohibition was ended in 1933 , and the term is now used to describe some retro style bars . Different names for speakeasies were created . The terms `` blind pig '' and `` blind tiger '' originated in the United States in the 19th century . These terms were applied to lower - class establishments that sold alcoholic beverages illegally , and they are still in use today . The operator of an establishment ( such as a saloon or bar ) would charge customers to see an attraction ( such as an animal ) and then serve a `` complimentary '' alcoholic beverage , thus circumventing the law . `` Blind tiger '' also referred to illegal drinking establishment in which the seller 's identity was concealed . A drawer would open up in a wall , the patron drops in change , and then a drink is placed in the drawer .
Pluto (mythology)
The names of both Hades and Pluto appear also in the Greek Magical Papyri and curse tablets , with Hades typically referring to the underworld as a place , and Pluto regularly invoked as the partner of Persephone . Five Latin curse tablets from Rome , dating to the mid-1st century BC , promise Persephone and Pluto an offering of `` dates , figs , and a black pig '' if the curse is fulfilled by the desired deadline . The pig was a characteristic animal sacrifice to chthonic deities , whose victims were almost always black or dark in color .
German Shepherd
The direct translation of the name was adopted for use in the official breed registry ; however , at the conclusion of World War I , it was believed that the inclusion of the word `` German '' would harm the breed 's popularity , due to the anti-German sentiment of the era . The breed was officially renamed by the UK Kennel Club to `` Alsatian Wolf Dog '' , after the French region of Alsace bordering Germany . This name was also adopted by many other international kennel clubs .
Cashew
Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree caju ( Portuguese pronunciation : ( kaˈʒu ) ) , which itself is derived from the Tupian word acajú , literally meaning `` nut that produces itself '' . The generic name Anacardium , originally from the Greek , refers to the unusual location of the seed outside the core or heart of the fruit ( ana - means `` again '' or `` backward '' and - cardium means `` heart '' ) . A mid-seventeenth century ethnographic painting by Albert Eckhout , who accompanied Dutch governor - general Johan Maurits , shows a woman under a fruiting cashew tree .
Opie Taylor
There are two explanations of the origin of the character 's name . One is that Opie was named after bandleader and radio actor Opie Cates ; the other is that he was named for Opie Shelton ( 1915 -- 1999 ) , a childhood friend of Griffith , who went on to become president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce .
Species
Books and articles sometimes intentionally do not identify species fully and use the abbreviation `` sp . '' in the singular or `` spp . '' ( standing for species pluralis , the Latin for multiple species ) in the plural in place of the specific name or epithet ( e.g. Canis sp . ) This commonly occurs when authors are confident that some individuals belong to a particular genus but are not sure to which exact species they belong , as is common in paleontology . Authors may also use `` spp . '' as a short way of saying that something applies to many species within a genus , but not to all . If scientists mean that something applies to all species within a genus , they use the genus name without the specific name or epithet . The names of genera and species are usually printed in italics . Abbreviations such as `` sp . '' should not be italicised .
Endocrine system
The word endocrine derives from the Greek words ἐνδο - endo - `` inside , within , '' and κρίνειν krinein `` to separate , distinguish '' .
List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters
Pooh 's best friend besides Christopher Robin . In the books he is a timorous small animal , who often takes his lead from Pooh unless overcome by fear . But increasingly through the stories he shows himself to be very brave when faced with a crisis and given sufficient encouragement ( usually by Pooh ) . He is fond of `` haycorns '' .
Eukaryote
In antiquity , the two lineages of animals and plants were recognized . They were given the taxonomic rank of Kingdom by Linnaeus . Though he included the fungi with plants with some reservations , it was later realized that they are quite distinct and warrant a separate kingdom , the composition of which was not entirely clear until the 1980s . The various single - cell eukaryotes were originally placed with plants or animals when they became known . In 1830 , the German biologist Georg A. Goldfuss coined the word protozoa to refer to organisms such as ciliates , and this group was expanded until it encompassed all single - celled eukaryotes , and given their own kingdom , the Protista , by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 . The eukaryotes thus came to be composed of four kingdoms :
German Shepherd
The German Shepherd ( German : Deutscher Schäferhund , German pronunciation : ( ˈʃɛːfɐˌhʊnt ) ) is a breed of medium to large - sized working dog that originated in Germany . The breed 's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language ( sometimes abbreviated as GSD ) . The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland . The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog , with their origin dating to 1899 . As part of the Herding Group , German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep . Since that time however , because of their strength , intelligence , trainability , and obedience , German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work , including disability assistance , search - and - rescue , police and military roles , and even acting . The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom .
Welcome Back, Kotter
The hip , black student known as the athletic Sweathog for his skills on the basketball court , Washington claimed his nickname came from his habit of `` pretending to play the bass '' and singing `` Boom - boom - boom - boom ! '' . His trademark phrase is , `` Hi , there '' ( spoken with a deep voice and a broad smile ) . Though often the voice of reason among his classmates , Washington nonetheless is a willing participant in the Sweathogs ' various antics and pranks . Freddie also finds success as a radio disc jockey along with another former Sweathog , Wally `` The Wow '' ( played by George Carlin ) . At one point , Washington challenges Barbarino for leadership of the Sweathogs , and even replaces him for a time until the group grows tired of his dictatorial style .
French name
A popular misconception is that the particule De - included in the name always indicates membership of the nobility , that is to say an original separated de that was linked to the name during the French revolution as De - . That is sometimes true . Almost all nobility titles are of the form ( title ) ( particle ) ( name of the land ) : for instance , Louis , duc d'Orléans ( `` Louis , duke of Orléans '' ) , or simply Louis d'Orléans . However , many non-noble people also have particules in their names , simply because they indicate some geographic origin or property . An example from current political life is Dominique de Villepin . Former president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing 's father had his surname legally changed from `` Giscard '' to `` Giscard d'Estaing '' in 1922 , claiming the name of a family line extinct since the French Revolution .
Lion
`` Lion '' was the nickname of several medieval warrior rulers with a reputation for bravery , such as the English King Richard the Lionheart , Henry the Lion , ( German : Heinrich der Löwe ) , Duke of Saxony , William the Lion , King of Scotland , and Robert III of Flanders nicknamed `` The Lion of Flanders '' -- a major Flemish national icon up to the present . Lions are frequently depicted on coats of arms , either as a device on shields themselves , or as supporters , but the lioness is much more infrequent . The formal language of heraldry , called blazon , employs French terms to describe the images precisely . Such descriptions specified whether lions or other creatures were `` rampant '' or `` passant '' , that is whether they were rearing or crouching .
Seven Dwarfs
The 80s sitcom The Charmings contained one of the dwarfs , whose name was Luther . The TV series Once Upon a Time ( 2012 ) uses the same names as `` Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs '' ( 1937 ) . There is also an 8th dwarf called Stealthy , and a 9th honorary dwarf called Tiny . Grumpy was initially called Dreamy . Tiny ( The Honorary Dwarf ) was actually a Giant in the series ( Once Upon a Time ) before being cursed by Cora ( The Evil Queen 's Mother ) at which time , he became human sized . The Six Dwarfs in Sesame Street Episode 279 consisted of Sparky , Snooky , Flakey , Drippy , and Sneaky . In Episode 2787 , the Seven Emotional Dwarfs are named Cheerful , Sad , Angry , Proud , Fearful , Lovey , and Surprised . In Episode 18 / 10 , the Seven Dwarfs were Clumsy , Vertigo , Gassy , Itchy , Smelly , Sensitive - Nose , and Hammy .
As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly
In Proverbs , the `` fool '' represents a person lacking moral behavior or discipline , and the `` wise '' represents someone who behaves carefully and righteously . The modern association of these words with intellectual capacity is not in the original context .
Super Why!
Mother Goose -- Mother Goose has a light blue dress , a pink hat with two turquoise feathers on it , eyeglasses and pink shoes . She also carries her book and feathered pen to write her nursery rhymes . Her only appearance is The Story of Mother Goose . The Blue Goose -- This talkative fowl only appears in her story called The Goose and the Golden Eggs . Her yellow beak matches her head feathers and she has a purple tail . The Green Dragon first appears in Woofster Finds A Home . He is menacing at first , but is changed to nice . Wolfy -- Wolfy is the Big Bad Wolf 's son who lives in Storybook Village . He first appeared in Little Red Riding Hood . He also appeared in The Emperor 's New Clothes , The Three Billy Goats Gruff , Beauty and the Beast , The Rolling Rice Cakes , Juan Bobo and the Pig , The Nutcracker , and The Comic Book : Attack of the Eraser . Tiddalick -- Tiddalick is a frog with a hat on his head who likes water a lot . Webby -- Webby is a penguin who is the main character of the story called Webby in Bathland . His place is Rub - a-Dub . Moose -- Lives in North America from Around the World Adventure . The Squirmy Germs -- Antagonists of the story called Webby in Bathland . These characters come in different colors . Most of them are pink and the only female is blue .