vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
World War II casualties
Latvia 95,000 70,000 72,000 73.7 % 75.8 % 74.7 % Lithuania 155,000 130,000 143,000 83.9 % 92.3 % 88.1 % Luxembourg 3,500 1,000 2,000 28.6 % 57.1 % 42.9 % Netherlands 112,000 ( see footnote ) 100,000 105,000 89.3 % 93.8 % 91.5 % Norway 1,700 800 800 47.1 % 47.1 % 47.1 % Poland ( borders 1939 ) 3,250,000 2,700,000 3,000,000 83.1 % 92.3 % 87.7 % Romania ( borders 1940 ) 441,000 121,000 287,000 27.4 % 65.1 % 46.3 % Slovakia 89,000 60,000 71,000 67.4 % 79.8 % 73.6 % Soviet Union ( borders 1939 ) 2,825,000 700,000 1,100,000 24.8 % 38.9 % 31.9 % Yugoslavia 68,000 56,000 65,000 82.4 % 95.6 % 89.0 % Total 9,067,000 4,869,860 5,894,716 50.4 % ( avg . ) 59.7 % ( avg . ) 55.1 % ( avg . )
World War II casualties
The following is a summary of the data from the Soviet archives : Reported deaths for the years 1939 -- 1945 1,187,783 , including : judicial executions 46,350 ; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804 ; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629 .
World War II
In addition to Nazi concentration camps , the Soviet gulags ( labour camps ) led to the death of citizens of occupied countries such as Poland , Lithuania , Latvia , and Estonia , as well as German prisoners of war ( POWs ) and even Soviet citizens who had been or were thought to be supporters of the Nazis . Sixty per cent of Soviet POWs of the Germans died during the war . Richard Overy gives the number of 5.7 million Soviet POWs . Of those , 57 per cent died or were killed , a total of 3.6 million . Soviet ex-POWs and repatriated civilians were treated with great suspicion as potential Nazi collaborators , and some of them were sent to the Gulag upon being checked by the NKVD . Prisoner
Chernobyl disaster
Of all 66,000 Belarusian emergency workers , by the mid-1990s only 150 ( roughly 0.2 % ) were reported by their government as having died . In contrast , 5,722 casualties were reported among Ukrainian clean - up workers up to the year 1995 , by the National Committee for Radiation Protection of the Ukrainian Population .
Bangladesh–India relations
Border police often shoots to kill any refugee crossing the border . Human Rights Watch estimates say 1,000 people were killed in the area between 2001 and 2011 by Indian border security force BSF .
World War II casualties
Rummel estimates POW deaths in Japanese custody at 539,000 Detailed by country : China 400,000 ; French Indochina 30,000 ; Philippines 27,300 ; Netherlands 25,000 ; France 14,000 ; Britain 13,000 ; British Colonies 11,000 ; US 10,700 ; Australia 8,000 .
World War II casualties
Recent historical scholarship has shed new light on the topic of Second World War casualties . Research in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union has caused a revision of estimates of Soviet WW2 fatalities . According to Russian government figures , USSR losses within postwar borders now stand at 26.6 million including 8.5 million due to war related famine and disease . In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance ( IPN ) researchers estimated Poland 's dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million . Historian Rüdiger Overmans of the Military History Research Office ( Germany ) published a study in 2000 that estimated the German military dead and missing at 5.3 million , including 900,000 men conscripted from outside of Germany 's 1937 borders , in Austria , and in east - central Europe . The People 's Republic of China puts its war dead at 20 million , while the Japanese government puts its casualties due to the war at 3.1 million .
History of Germany (1945–90)
Many of the ethnic Germans , who were primarily women and children , and especially those under the control of Polish and Czechoslovakian authorities , were severely mistreated before they were ultimately deported to Germany . Thousands died in forced labor camps such as Lambinowice , Zgoda labour camp , Central Labour Camp Potulice , Central Labour Camp Jaworzno , Glaz , Milecin , Gronowo , and Sikawa . Others starved , died of disease , or froze to death while being expelled in slow and ill - equipped trains ; or in transit camps .
World War II casualties
005 64,354 Iran 14,340,000 200 200 0.00 NA Iraq 3,698,000 500 200 700 0.01 NA Ireland 2,960,000 Irish volunteers included with UK Armed Forces 100 100 0.00 NA Italy ( in postwar 1947 borders ) 44,394,000 319,200 to 341,000 Italian nationals and c . 20,000 Africans conscripted by Italy 153,200 492,400 to 514,000 1.11 to 1.16 225,000 - 320,000 ( incomplete data ) Japan 71,380,000 2,100,000 to 2,300,000 550,000 to 800,000 2,500,000 to 3,100,000 3.50 to 4.34 326,000 Korea ( Japanese colony ) 24,326,000 Included with Japanese military 483,000 to 533,000 483,000 to 533,000 1.99 to 2.19 NA Latvia ( within 1939 borders ) 1,994,500 30,000 ( in both Soviet and German Armies ) 220,000 250,000 12.5 NA Lithuania ( within 1939 borders ) 2,575,000 25,000 ( in both Soviet and German Armies ) 345,000 370,000 14.36 NA Luxembourg 295,000 Included with German & Belgian military 5,000 5,000 1.69 NA Malaya & Singapore 5,118,000 100,000 100,000 1.95 NA Malta ( British ) 269,000 Included with U.K. 1,500 1,500 0.55 NA Mexico 19,320,000 100 100 0.00 NA Mongolia 819,000 300 300 0.04 NA Nauru ( Australian ) 3,400 500 500 14.7 NA Nepal 6,087,000 Included with British Indian Army NA Netherlands 8,729,000 6,700 187,300 16,000 210,000 2.41 2,860 Newfoundland ( British ) 320,000 1,100 ( included with the U.K. & Canada ) 100 1,200 0.03 ( included with the / U.K. & Canada ) New Zealand 1,629,000 11,700 11,700 0.72 19,314 Norway 2,945,000 2,000 8,200 10,200 0.35 364 Papua and New Guinea
Matterhorn
As of 2015 almost two million visitors arrive at Zermatt annually . An average of around twelve people per year have died on Matterhorn in the ten years from 2005 to 2015 .
Chernobyl disaster
The Chernobyl Forum predicts that the eventual death toll could reach 4,000 among those exposed to the highest levels of radiation ( 200,000 emergency workers , 116,000 evacuees and 270,000 residents of the most contaminated areas ) ; this figure is a total causal death toll prediction , combining the deaths of approximately 50 emergency workers who died soon after the accident from acute radiation syndrome , 15 children who have died of thyroid cancer and a future predicted total of 3935 deaths from radiation - induced cancer and leukaemia .
World War II casualties
Gruhl estimates POW deaths in Japanese captivity at 331,584 . Detailed by country : China 270,000 ; Netherlands 8,500 ; Britain 12,433 ; Canada 273 ; Philippines 20,000 ; Australia 7,412 ; New Zealand 31 ; and the United States 12,935 .
Mount Everest
On 11 May 1996 eight climbers died after several expeditions were caught in a blizzard high up on the mountain . During the 1996 season , 15 people died while climbing on Mount Everest . These were the highest death tolls for a single event , and for a single season , until the sixteen deaths in the 2014 Mount Everest avalanche . The disaster gained wide publicity and raised questions about the commercialisation of climbing Mount Everest .
World War II casualties
German sources do not provide figures for Soviet citizens conscripted by Germany . Russian historian Grigoriy Krivosheyev puts the losses of the `` Vlasovites , Balts and Muslims etc . '' in German service at 215,000
Mount Everest
The death toll for Everest climbers rose to five in most reports by late May 2016 , and with a death of a high - altitude worker on Lhotse face during the season ( Everest summiters sometimes need to climb Lhotse face depending on the route ) , gives a total of six known deaths from the Everest massif by the time the season drew to a close . Although not widely reported during May , a climber in Tibet had died on 11 May 2016 which makes it possibly six for Mount Everest and seven for the Everest Massif . The Nepal ministry of tourism said five people died ( on the Nepali side ) .
Second Sino-Japanese War
1939 ) 1,124,900 ( 1945 ) ( excluding Burma campaign and Manchuria ) Puppet states and collaborators : 900,000 ( 1945 ) Casualties and losses Chinese Nationalists : Official ROC data : 1,320,000 killed 1,797,000 wounded 120,000 missing Total : 3,237,000 Other estimates : 1,319,000 -- 4,000,000 + military dead and missing 500,000 captured Total : 3,211,000 -- 10,000,000 + military casualties Chinese Communists : Official PRC data : 160,603 military dead 290,467 wounded 87,208 missing 45,989 POWs Total : 584,267 military casualties Other estimates : 446,740 total Total : 3,800,000 -- 10,600,000 + military casualties after July 1937 ( Excluding Manchuria and Burma ) more than 1,000,000 captured 266,800 -- 1,000,000 POWs dead Japanese : Japanese medical data : 455,700 -- 700,000 military dead 1,934,820 wounded and missing 22,293 + captured Total : 2,500,000 + military casualties ( 1937 to 1945 excluding Burma campaign and Manchuria ) ROC estimate : 1.77 million dead 1.9 million wounded Total : 3,670,000 2007 PRC studies : 1,055,000 dead 1,172,200 wounded Total : 2,227,200 Puppet states and collaborators : 288,140 -- 574,560 dead 742,000 wounded Middle estimate : 960,000 dead and wounded Total : c. 3,000,000 -- 5,000,000 military casualties after July 1937 ( excluding Manchuria and Burma campaign ) Chinese civilian deaths : 17,000,000 -- 22,000,000 Jump up ^ From 1941 onward Jump up ^ This number does not include Japanese killed by Chinese forces in the Burma campaign and does not include Japanese killed in Manchuria Jump up ^ Excluding more than 1 million who were disarmed following the surrender of Japan Jump up ^ Including casualties of Japanese puppet forces . The combined toll is most likely around 3,500,000 : 2.5 million Japanese , per their own records , and 1,000,000 collaborators .
Korean War
Data from official Chinese sources , on the other hand , reported that the Chinese PVA had suffered 114,000 battle deaths , 34,000 non-battle deaths , 340,000 wounded , 7,600 missing and during the war . 7,110 Chinese POWs were repatriated to China . Chinese sources also reported that North Korea had suffered 290,000 casualties , 90,000 captured and a large number of civilian deaths .
World War II
Japanese prisoner - of - war camps , many of which were used as labour camps , also had high death rates . The International Military Tribunal for the Far East found the death rate of Western prisoners was 27.1 per cent ( for American POWs , 37 per cent ) , seven times that of POWs under the Germans and Italians . While 37,583 prisoners from the UK , 28,500 from the Netherlands , and 14,473 from the United States were released after the surrender of Japan , the number of Chinese released was only 56 .
Afghanistan
During the Soviet war in Afghanistan , Soviet forces and their proxies killed between 562,000 and 2 million Afghans , and also displaced about 6 million people who subsequently fled Afghanistan , mainly to Pakistan and Iran . Pakistan 's North - West Frontier Province functioned as an organisational and networking base for the anti-Soviet Afghan resistance , with the province 's influential Deobandi ulama playing a major supporting role in promoting the ' jihad ' . Faced with mounting international pressure and numerous casualties , the Soviets withdrew in 1989 but continued to support Afghan President Mohammad Najibullah until 1992 .
Channel Tunnel
On 20 June 2017 , a van driver was killed when migrants stopped vehicles on the A16 autoroute with a tree trunk , in order to stow away in the cargo area . The van , registered in Poland , hit a lorry and burst into flames , killing the van driver . Nine migrants from Eritrea have been arrested in connection with this incident .
World War II casualties
Figures for Belarus , Ukraine and Lithuania include about two million civilian dead that are also listed in Polish sources in the total war dead of Poland . Polish historian Krystyna Kersten estimated losses of about two million in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union . The formal transfer of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union occurred with the Polish -- Soviet border agreement of August 1945 . According to Erlikman , in addition to the war dead , there were 1,700,000 deaths due to Soviet repression . ( 200,000 executed ; 4,500,000 sent to prisons and Gulag of whom 1,200,000 died ; 2,200,000 deported of whom 300,000 died )
World War II
The Soviet Union lost around 27 million people during the war , including 8.7 million military and 19 million civilian deaths . The largest portion of military dead were 5.7 million ethnic Russians , followed by 1.3 million ethnic Ukrainians . A quarter of the people in the Soviet Union were wounded or killed . Germany sustained 5.3 million military losses , mostly on the Eastern Front and during the final battles in Germany .
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Japanese recorded around 1.1 to 1.9 million military casualties during all of World War II ( which include killed , wounded and missing ) . The official death toll of Japanese men killed in China , according to the Japan Defense Ministry , is 480,000 . Based on the investigation of Japanese Yomiuri Shimbun , the military death toll of Japan in China is about 700,000 since 1937 ( excluding the death in Manchuria ) .
World War II casualties
( Australian ) 1,292,000 15,000 15,000 1.16 NA Philippines ( U.S. Territory ) 16,000,303 57,000 164,000 336,000 557,000 3.48 NA Poland ( within 1939 borders ) 34,849,000 240,000 5,620,000 to 5,820,000 5,900,000 to 6,000,000 16.93 to 17.22 766,606 Portuguese Timor 480,000 40,000 to 70,000 40,000 to 70,000 8.33 to 14.58 NA Romania ( in postwar 1945 borders ) 15,970,000 300,000 200,000 500,000 3.13 332,769 Ruanda - Urundi ( Belgian ) 3,800,000 36,000 and 50,000 36,000 -- 50,000 0.09 -- 1.3 NA South Africa 10,160,000 11,900 11,900 0.12 14,363 South Pacific Mandate ( Japanese ) 127,000 10,000 10,000 7.87 Soviet Union ( within 1946 -- 91 borders ) 188,793,000 8,668,000 to 11,400,000 4,500,000 to 10,000,000 8,000,000 to 9,000,000 20,000,000 to 27,000,000 ( see table below ) 14,685,593 Spain 25,637,000 Included with the German Army Included with France , see footnote NA Sweden 6,341,000 100 2,000 2,100 0.03 NA Switzerland 4,210,000 100 100 0.00 NA Thailand 15,023,000 5,600 2,000 7,600 0.05 NA Turkey 17,370,000 200 200 0.00 NA United Kingdom including British Colonies 47,760,000 383,700 67,200 450,900 0.94 376,239 United States 131,028,000 407,300 12,100 419,400 0.32 671,801 Yugoslavia 15,490,000 300,000 to 446,000 581,000 to 1,400,000 1,027,000 to 1,700,000 6.63 to 10.97 425,000 Other nations 300,000,000 NA Approx .
World War II
World War II ( clockwise from top left ) Chinese forces in the Battle of Wanjialing Australian 25 - pounder guns during the First Battle of El Alamein German Stuka dive bombers on the Eastern Front in December 1943 American naval force in the Lingayen Gulf Wilhelm Keitel signing the German Instrument of Surrender Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad Date 1 September 1939 -- 2 September 1945 ( 1939 - 09 - 01 -- 1945 - 09 - 02 ) ( 6 years and 1 day ) Location Europe , Pacific , Atlantic , South - East Asia , China , Middle East , Mediterranean , North Africa and Horn of Africa , briefly North and South America Result Allied victory Collapse of Nazi Germany Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires Dissolution of the League of Nations Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War ( more ... ) Participants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders and leaders Main Allied leaders Joseph Stalin Franklin D. Roosevelt Winston Churchill Chiang Kai - shek Main Axis leaders Adolf Hitler Hirohito Benito Mussolini Casualties and losses Military dead : Over 16,000,000 Civilian dead : Over 45,000,000 Total dead : Over 61,000,000 ( 1937 -- 45 ) ... further details Military dead : Over 8,000,000 Civilian dead : Over 4,000,000 Total dead : Over 12,000,000 ( 1937 -- 45 ) ... further details
April 2015 Nepal earthquake
Foreign casualties in Nepal Country Deaths Ref . India 40 France 10 Spain 7 United States 7 Germany 5 China Italy Canada Russia Australia India Estonia Hong Kong United Kingdom Israel Japan Malaysia New Zealand United Kingdom Total 89
World War II casualties
Handicapped persons : 200,000 to 250,000 handicapped persons were killed . A 2003 report by the German Federal Archive put the total murdered during the Action T4 and Action 14f13 programs at 200,000 . Prisoners of War : POW deaths in Nazi captivity totalled 3.1 million including 2.6 to 3 million Soviet prisoners of war . Ethnic Poles : According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum `` It is estimated that the Germans killed at least 1.9 million non-Jewish Polish civilians during World War II . '' They maintain that `` Documentation remains fragmentary , but today scholars of independent Poland believe that 1.8 to 1.9 million Polish civilians ( non-Jews ) were victims of German Occupation policies and the war . '' However the Polish government affiliated Institute of National Remembrance ( IPN ) in 2009 estimated 2,770,000 ethnic Polish deaths due to the German occupation ( see World War II casualties of Poland ) . Russians , Ukrainians and Belarusians : According to Nazi ideology , Slavs were useless sub-humans . As such , their leaders , the Soviet elite , were to be killed and the remainder of the population enslaved or expelled further eastward . As a result , millions of civilians in the Soviet Union were deliberately killed , starved , or worked to death . Contemporary Russian sources use the terms `` genocide '' and `` premeditated extermination '' when referring to civilian losses in the occupied USSR . Civilians killed in reprisals during the Soviet partisan war and wartime - related famine account for a major part of the huge toll . The Cambridge History of Russia puts overall civilian deaths in the Nazi - occupied USSR at 13.7 million persons including 2 million Jews . There were an additional 2.6 million deaths in the interior regions of the Soviet Union . The authors maintain `` scope for error in this number is very wide '' . At least 1 million perished in the wartime GULAG camps or in deportations . Other deaths occurred in the wartime evacuations and due to war related malnutrition and disease in the interior . The authors maintain that both Stalin and Hitler `` were both responsible but in different ways for these deaths '' , and `` In short the general picture of Soviet wartime losses suggests a jigsaw puzzle .
Military history of Italy during World War II
After the armistice with the Allies , some 650,000 members of the Italian armed forces who refused to side with the occupying Germans were interned in concentration and labour camps . Of these , around 50,000 died while imprisoned or while under transportation . A further 29,000 died in armed struggles against the Germans while resisting capture immediately following the armistice .
World War II casualties
Estimated total Soviet military war dead in 1941 -- 45 on the Eastern Front ( World War II ) including missing in action , POWs and Soviet partisans range from 8.6 to 10.6 million . There were an additional 127,000 war dead in 1939 -- 40 during the Winter War with Finland . The official figures for military war dead and missing in 1941 -- 45 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths , 555,500 non-combat deaths. 500,000 missing in action and 1,103,300 POW dead and another 180,000 liberated POWs who most likely emigrated to other countries . Figures include Navy losses of 154,771 . Non-combat deaths include 157,000 sentenced to death by court martial . Casualties in 1939 -- 40 include the following dead and missing : Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 ( 8,931 ) , Invasion of Poland of 1939 ( 1,139 ) , Winter War with Finland ( 1939 -- 40 ) ( 126,875 ) . The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled . The official Russian figure for total POW held by the Germans is 4,059,000 ; the number of Soviet POW who survived the war was 2,016,000 , including 180,000 who most likely emigrated to other countries , and an additional 939,700 POW and MIA who were redrafted as territory was liberated . This leaves 1,103,000 POW dead . However , western historians put the number of POW held by the Germans at 5.7 million and about 3 million as dead in captivity ( in the official Russian figures 1.1 million are military POW and remaining balance of about 2 million are included with civilian war dead ) . Conscripted reservists is an estimate of men called up , primarily in 1941 , who were killed in battle or died as POWs before being listed on active strength . Soviet and Russian sources classify these losses as civilian deaths .
World War II casualties
381,000 Japan Imperial Japan Total 8,400,000 2,121,955 94,500 40,000 25.3 Italy Army 3,040,000 246,432 8.1 Italy Navy 259,082 31,347 12.0 Italy Air Force 130,000 13,210 10.2 Italy Partisan forces 80,000 to 250,000 35,828 14 to 44 Italy RSI forces 520,000 13,021 to 35,000 2.5 to 6.7 Italy Total Italy 3,430,000 319,207 to 341,000 320,000 1,300,000 9.3 to 9.9 Soviet Union ( 1939 -- 40 ) All branches of service 136,945 205,924 Soviet Union ( 1941 -- 45 ) All branches of service 34,476,700 8,668,400 14,685,593 4,050,000 25.1 Soviet Union Conscripted Reservists not yet in active service ( see note below ) 500,000 Soviet Union Civilians in POW camps ( see note below ) 1,000,000 1,750,000 Soviet Union Paramilitary and Soviet partisan units 400,000 Soviet Union Total Soviet Forces 34,476,700 10,725,345 14,915,517 5,750,000 31.1 British Empire and Commonwealth All branches of service 17,843,000 580,497 475,000 318,000 3.3 United States Army 11,260,000 318,274 565,861 124,079 2.8 United States Air Force ( included with Army ) ( 3,400,000 ) ( 88,119 ) ( 17,360 ) 2.5 United States Navy 4,183,446 62,614 37,778 3,848 1.5 United States Maritime Service 215,000 9,400 12,000 663 4.5 United States Marine Corps 669,100 24,511 68,207 2,274 3.7 United States Coast Guard 241,093 1,917 0.8 United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps 2,600 8 0.3 United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps United States Total U.S. Armed Forces 16,353,639 407,316 671,846 130,201 2.5
One World Trade Center
Together with a simultaneous attack on the Pentagon in Arlington , Virginia , and a failed plane hijacking that resulted in a plane crash in Shanksville , Pennsylvania , the attacks resulted in the deaths of 2,996 people ( 2,507 civilians , 343 firefighters , 72 law enforcement officers , 55 military personnel , and the 19 hijackers ) . More than 90 % of the workers and visitors who died in the towers had been at or above the points of impact . In the North Tower , 1,355 people at or above the point of impact were trapped , and died of smoke inhalation , fell , jumped from the tower to escape the smoke and flames , or were killed when the building eventually collapsed . One stairwell in the South Tower , Stairwell A , somehow avoided complete destruction , unlike the rest of the building . When Flight 11 hit , all three staircases in the North Tower above the impact zone were destroyed , thus making it impossible for anyone above the impact zone to escape . 107 people below the point of impact also died .