vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Curling
This rule , a relatively recent addition to curling , was added in response to a strategy of `` peeling '' opponents ' guard stones ( knocking them out of play at an angle that caused the shooter 's stone to also roll out of play , leaving no stones on the ice ) . A team in the lead would often employ this strategy during the game . By knocking all stones out , the opponents could at best score one point ( if they had the hammer ) . Alternatively , the team with the hammer could peel rock after rock , which would blank the end , keeping the last rock advantage for another end . This strategy had developed ( mostly in Canada ) as ice - makers had become skilled at creating a predictable ice surface and the adoption of brushes allowed greater control over the rock . While a sound strategy , this made for an unexciting game . Observers at the time noted that if two teams equally skilled in the peel game faced each other on good ice , the outcome of the game would be predictable from who won the coin flip to have last rock ( or had earned it in the schedule ) at the beginning of the game . The 1990 Brier was considered by many curling fans as boring to watch because of the amount of peeling and the quick adoption of the Free Guard Zone the following year reflected how disliked this aspect of the game had become .
Curling
In the early history of curling , the playing stones were simply flat - bottomed stones from rivers or fields , which lacked a handle and were of inconsistent size , shape and smoothness . Some early stones had holes for a finger and the thumb , akin to ten - pin bowling balls . Unlike today , the thrower had little control over the ' curl ' or velocity and relied more on luck than on precision , skill and strategy . The sport was often played on frozen rivers although purpose - built ponds were later created in many Scottish towns . For example the Scottish poet David Gray describes whisky drinking curlers on the Luggie Water at Kirkintilloch . Curling
Atlantic Ocean
From October to June the surface is usually covered with sea ice in the Labrador Sea , Denmark Strait , and Baltic Sea .
Canada–United States relations
They also held friendly bets on hockey games during the Winter Olympic season . In the 2010 Winter Olympics hosted by Canada in Vancouver , Canada defeated the US in both gold medal matches , entitling Stephen Harper to receive a case of Molson Canadian beer from Barack Obama ; in reverse , if Canada had lost , Harper would have provided a case of Yuengling beer to Obama . During the 2014 Winter Olympics , alongside U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry & Minister of Foreign Affairs John Baird , Stephen Harper was given a case of Samuel Adams beer by Obama for the Canadian gold medal victory over the US in women 's hockey , and the semi-final victory over the US in men 's hockey . Canada
North Pole
The expedition was the latest in a series of efforts intended to give Russia a dominant influence in the Arctic according to the New York Times . The warming Arctic climate and summer shrinkage of the iced area has attracted the attention of many countries , such as China and the United States , toward the top of the world , where resources and shipping routes may soon be exploitable . MLAE
Ice Cold in Alex
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Stanley Cup
The format for the Stanley Cup Final changed in 1922 , with the creation of the Western Canada Hockey League ( WCHL ) . Three leagues competed for the Cup : two league champions faced each other for the right to challenge the third champion in the final series . This lasted three seasons as the PCHA and the WCHL later merged to form the Western Hockey League ( WHL ) in 1925 . After winning in the 1924 -- 25 season , the Victoria Cougars became the last team outside the NHL to win the Stanley Cup .
You Laughed and Laughed and Laughed
And now it 's my turn to laugh ; but my laughter is not ice - block laughter . For I know not cars , know not ice - blocks .
Karnataka
Karnataka 's smallest district , Kodagu , is a major contributor to Indian field hockey , producing numerous players who have represented India at the international level . The annual Kodava Hockey Festival is the largest hockey tournament in the world . Bangalore has hosted a WTA tennis event and , in 1997 , it hosted the fourth National Games of India . The Sports Authority of India , the premier sports institute in the country , and the Nike Tennis Academy are also situated in Bangalore . Karnataka has been referred to as the cradle of Indian swimming because of its high standards in comparison to other states .
Winter Olympic Games
In 1980 the Winter Olympics returned to Lake Placid , which had hosted the 1932 Games . The first boycott of a Winter Olympics took place at these Games , when Taiwan refused to participate after an edict by the IOC mandated that they change their name and national anthem . This was an attempt by the IOC to accommodate China , who wished to compete using the same name and anthem as those used by Taiwan . As a result , China participated for the first time since 1952 . American speed - skater Eric Heiden set either an Olympic or World record in every one of the five events in which he competed , winning a total of five individual gold medals and breaking the record for most individual golds in a single Olympics ( both Summer and Winter ) . Hanni Wenzel won both the slalom and giant slalom and her country , Liechtenstein , became the smallest nation to produce an Olympic gold medallist . In the `` Miracle on Ice '' , the American hockey team composed of college players beat the favoured seasoned professionals from the Soviet Union , and progressed to eventually win the gold medal . 1984
Chronology of Stanley Cup engravings
Season Winning Team Engravings Added Location Added 1926 -- 27 Ottawa Senators `` Won By / Ottawa Senators / 1926 -- 27 '' , plus 17 names added . A new ring added between Victoria 's 1925 ring and the 1893 base ring 1927 -- 28 New York Rangers `` New York Rangers / 1927 -- 28 '' , plus 19 names added ( 1 player who played in the minors during the playoffs left off . ) , and five game series A new ring added directly below the Bowl 1928 -- 29 Boston Bruins `` Won By / Boston Bruins / 1928 -- 29 '' , plus most players , President , Manager , Trainer . Originally 16 members names added . There was not enough room to include every winning member ( 5 players later added to new ring made during 1957 - 58 season . Playing - Coach listed twice , while President and 1 player were left off the newer ring . 3 of 5 players added were not playing for Boston when they won the Cup 1929 . ) . The open half of Ottawa 's 1927 ring 1929 -- 30 Montreal Canadiens `` World 's Champions / Canadiens of Montreal / 1930 '' , 27 names added , plus playoff scores from the team 's postseason rounds ( 1 A. Trainer left off . ) Over the next 10 years , 10 new rings were added to top of the trophy . In 1932 - 33 New York Rangers added 2 rings , so Chicago did not need to add a ring in 1933 - 34 . 1930 -- 31 Montreal Canadiens `` World 's Champions / Canadiens of Montreal / 1931 '' , plus 28 names . ( 1 player who played in the finals left off . Also left off was 1 player who played in the minors during the playoffs . ) , and playoff scores from the team 's postseason rounds 1931 -- 32 Toronto Maple Leafs `` Toronto Maple Leafs / 1931 - 32 / World 's Champions '' , full roster , non-players , team mascot , and playoff scores . 5 players were listed by only their last name only . 42 names in all ( Conn Smythe listed twice ) , 17 investors , and the 5 players ( who played in the finals ) listed by only their last name were left off newer version of Cup made in 1957 - 58 . ( Conn Smythe listed once on newer ring .
O Canada
`` O Canada '' is routinely played before sporting events involving Canadian teams . Singers at such public events often mix the English and French lyrics to represent Canada 's linguistic duality . Other linguistic variations have also been performed : During the opening ceremonies of the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , `` O Canada '' was sung in the southern Tutchone language by Yukon native Daniel Tlen . At a National Hockey League ( NHL ) game in Calgary , in February 2007 , Cree singer Akina Shirt became the first person ever to perform `` O Canada '' in the Cree language at such an event .
Winter Olympic Games
Winter Olympic Games The Olympic flame in PyeongChang during the 2018 Winter Olympics Games 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1994 1998 2002 2006 2014 2018 2022 2026 Sports ( details ) Alpine skiing Biathlon Bobsleigh Cross ‐ country skiing Curling Figure skating Freestyle skiing Ice hockey Luge Nordic combined Short track speed skating Skeleton Ski jumping Snowboarding Speed skating
Trinity Western University
The university sponsors 11 men 's and women 's varsity sports . Teams compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport , the top university athletics league in Canada , with teams competing in the Canada West Universities Athletic Association at the regional level . Varsity teams competing in U Sports include men 's and women 's basketball , soccer , volleyball , track and field , and cross country . The men 's hockey team plays in the British Columbia Intercollegiate Hockey League . The basketball , volleyball , and hockey teams play their home games and matches at the Langley Events Centre . Trinity Western teams have won nine U Sports national championships .
Ottawa
Ottawa ( / ˈɒtəwə / ( listen ) or / - wɑː / ; French pronunciation : ​ ( ɔtawa ) ) is the capital city of Canada . It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario . Ottawa borders Gatineau , Quebec ; the two form the core of the Ottawa -- Gatineau census metropolitan area ( CMA ) and the National Capital Region ( NCR ) . As of 2016 , Ottawa had a city population of 934,243 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth - largest city and the fifth - largest CMA in Canada .
Climate of the Arctic
The straits between these islands often remain covered by sea ice throughout the summer . This ice acts to keep the surface temperature at freezing , just as it does over the Arctic Basin , so a location on a strait would likely have a summer climate more like the Arctic Basin , but with higher maximum temperatures because of winds off of the nearby warm islands .
Curling
The curling broom , or brush , is used to sweep the ice surface in the path of the stone ( see sweeping ) and is also often used as a balancing aid during delivery of the stone .
Alice Springs
Alice Springs has a high rate of participation in many different sports , including tennis , hockey , Australian rules football , basketball , baseball , soccer , cricket , rugby and boxing .
Rory McIlroy
McIlroy is a fan of Manchester United . In his acceptance speech following his 2014 Open Championship win at Royal Liverpool , McIlroy addressed the crowd by joking ; `` Even though I 'm a Man United fan standing here , '' which saw him booed in jest by archrival Liverpool fans , before he thanked them for their great support . McIlroy is a fan of the Northern Ireland national team . When Northern Ireland played against world champions Germany in a Euro 2016 match , he went to Paris to attend that match . McIlory plays the sport in his spare time . He injured ankle ligaments in 2015 while playing football with friends which forced him to miss the 2015 Open Championship , but states he wo n't give up playing : `` I 'm not going to stop doing what I do . I enjoy having that normality in my life . I 've done it since I was a kid and wo n't stop . '' McIlroy is a fan of Ulster Rugby . He often interrupts his busy golfing schedule to attend rugby matches at the Kingspan Stadium in Belfast .
Stanley Cup
As a result , the Cup trustees issued more specific rules on how the trophy should be defended and awarded :
San Jose, California
San Jose is home to the San Jose Sharks of the NHL , the San Jose Barracuda of the AHL , and the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer . The Sharks and the Barracuda play in the SAP Center at San Jose . The Earthquakes built an 18,000 seat new stadium that opened in March 2015 . San Jose was a founding member of both the California League and Pacific Coast League in minor league baseball . San Jose currently fields the San Jose Giants , a High - A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants . The NFL 's San Francisco 49ers call neighboring Santa Clara , California home .
Sister, Sister (TV series)
Dave Barnes ( David Strickland ) - A security guard at the mall where Lisa works . He is often shown to be slightly incompetent and loses his job in one episode . Patrice ( Vernee Watson - Johnson ) -- Patrice is Lisa 's best friend from the inner - city neighborhood that Lisa and Tia previously lived and is the mother of Tia 's childhood friend Darnell , who is introduced in the season four episode `` Boy from the Hood '' . Patrice , who has known Lisa since childhood , has a personality similar to Lisa , which sometimes irritates Ray as much as Lisa 's antics typically do . Mike ( Jamil Walker Smith ) -- Mike is a student at Roosevelt High , seen only during the fourth season , who is also one of the very few male friends Roger is seen to have , presumably as he is most likely in the same year . Marlon Baker ( Aaron Lohr ) -- Marlon is a student at Roosevelt High , seen only during the fourth season , who is a jock and plays on Roosevelt High 's hockey team as seen in the episode `` Some Like It Hockey '' . He often makes fun of various students , most often Tia and Tamera . Marlon is shown as sexist in the episode `` Some Like It Hockey '' when he claims the job of class president is a `` man 's job '' and does n't allow Tia and Tamera ( who are girls ) to try out for the hockey team but the decision is later reversed when Tia and Tamera ( disguised as male hockey players ) beat and embarrass Marlon in a scrimmage match . The character 's portrayer , Aaron Lohr , previously appeared on Sister , Sister as a different character , an older teenager whom Tia goes out on a double date with ( joined by Tamera and Roger ) in the season one episode `` Wedding Bells and Box Boys '' . Clark ( Christopher `` Kid '' Reid ) -- Clark is the manager of the bookstore / coffeeshop Book ' Em , Joe and is Tia 's boss at the hangout during the fifth season , who is shown to be sarcastic . Diavian Johnson ( Alexis Fields ) -- Diavian is the twins ' best friend in the seasons five and six .
Taiga
The taiga is home to a number of large herbivorous mammals , such as moose and reindeer / caribou . Some areas of the more southern closed boreal forest also have populations of other deer species such as the elk ( wapiti ) and roe deer . The largest animal in the taiga is the wood bison , found in northern Canada , Alaska and has been newly introduced into the Russian far - east . Small mammals of the Taiga biome include rodent species including beaver , squirrel , North American porcupine and vole , as well as a small number of lagomorph species such as snowshoe hare and mountain hare . These species have adapted to survive the harsh winters in their native ranges . Some larger mammals , such as bears , eat heartily during the summer in order to gain weight , and then go into hibernation during the winter . Other animals have adapted layers of fur or feathers to insulate them from the cold . Predatory mammals of the taiga must be adapted to travel long distances in search of scattered prey or be able to supplement their diet with vegetation or other forms of food ( such as raccoons ) . Mammalian predators of the taiga include Canada lynx , Eurasian lynx , stoat , Siberian weasel , least weasel , sable , American marten , North American river otter , European otter , American mink , wolverine , Asian badger , fisher , gray wolf , coyote , red fox , brown bear , American black bear , Asiatic black bear , polar bear ( only small areas at the taiga - tundra ecotone ) and Siberian tiger .
Trinity Western University
In addition to varsity sports , Trinity Western hosts five club sports teams for students who wish to participate in athletics at a high level while not making the time commitment that would be needed to compete on a varsity team . Club teams include women 's and men 's basketball and soccer , and men 's hockey . Each year , several dozen teams compete in intramurals . Intramurals are open to members of the university 's faculty , staff , and students , though a team representing a residential hall must consist only of members of that hall . Along with the academic requirements for graduation , Trinity Western requires every undergraduate to complete three classes of physical education , one of which is a lab in the Concepts of Physical Health .
Afrikaans
Die Here is my Herder , niks sal my ontbreek nie . Hy laat my neerlê in groen weivelde ; na waters waar rus is , lei Hy my heen . Hy verkwik my siel ; Hy lei my in die spore van geregtigheid , om sy Naam ontwil . Al gaan ek ook in ' n dal van doodskaduwee , ek sal geen onheil vrees nie ; want U is met my : u stok en u staf die vertroos my .
Stanley Cup
In 2001 , Charlotte Grahame , the Colorado Avalanche 's Senior Director of Hockey Administration , had her name engraved on the trophy . Her son John later had his name engraved as a member of the Tampa Bay Lightning in 2004 .
San Jose, California
The SAP Center at San Jose is one of the most active venues for events in the world . According to Billboard Magazine and Pollstar , the arena sold the most tickets to non-sporting events of any venue in the United States , and third in the world after the Manchester Evening News Arena in Manchester , England , and the Bell Centre in Montreal , Canada , for the period from January 1 -- September 30 , 2004 . Including sporting events , the SAP Center averages 184 events a year , or roughly one event for every two days , which is significantly higher than the average for NHL arenas .
Curling
The gripper is worn by the thrower on the hack foot during delivery and is designed to grip the ice . It may have a normal athletic shoe sole or a special layer of rubbery material applied to the sole of a thickness to match the sliding shoe . The toe of the hack foot shoe may also have a rubberised coating on the top surface or a flap that hangs over the toe to reduce wear on the top of the shoe as it drags on the ice behind the thrower .
Siberia
The Yenisey Krasnoyarsk basketball team has played in the VTB United League since 2011 -- 12 .
Climate of the Arctic
The rest of the ice - free seas have ice cover for some part of the winter and spring , but lose that ice during the summer . These regions have summer temperatures between about 0 ° C and 8 ° C ( 32 ° F and 46 ° F ) . The winter ice cover allows temperatures to drop much lower in these regions than in the regions that are ice - free all year . Over most of the seas that are ice - covered seasonally , winter temperatures average between about − 30 ° C and − 15 ° C ( − 22 ° F and + 5 ° F ) . Those areas near the sea - ice edge will remain somewhat warmer due to the moderating influence of the nearby open water . In the station - climatology figure above , the plots for Point Barrow , Tiksi , Murmansk , and Isfjord are typical of land areas adjacent to seas that are ice - covered seasonally . The presence of the land allows temperatures to reach slightly more extreme values than the seas themselves .
Rhode Island
The Reds are the oldest continuously operating minor - league hockey franchise in North America , having fielded a team in one form or another since 1926 in the CAHL . It is also the only AHL franchise to have never missed a season . The AHL returned to Providence in 1992 in the form of the Providence Bruins .
Olympic symbols
Norwegian brewery Frydenlund designed a label with the five Olympic rings on the brewery 's root beer , patenting the label in 1938 . In 1952 , when Norway was to arrange the Winter Olympics , the Olympic Committee was notified by Norway 's Patent Office that it was Frydenlund who owned the rights to the rings . Today , the brewery Ringnes AS owns the rights to continue the tradition with the five rings on its root beer . Certain other sporting organizations and events have been granted permission by the IOC to use the word `` Olympics '' in their name , such as Special Olympics , an international sporting event held every four years for people with intellectual disabilities .
Alaska
Alaska ( / əˈlæskə / ( listen ) ) ( Aleut : Alax̂sxax̂ ) ( Inupiaq : Alaskaq ) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America . The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon border the state to the east , its most extreme western part is Attu Island , and it has a maritime border with Russia to the west across the Bering Strait . To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas -- the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean . The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest . It is the largest state in the United States by area and the seventh largest subnational division in the world . In addition , it is the 3rd least populous and the most sparsely populated of the 50 United States ; nevertheless , it is by far the most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel in North America , its population ( the total estimated at 738,432 by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015 ) more than quadrupling the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland . Approximately half of Alaska 's residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area . Alaska 's economy is dominated by the fishing , natural gas , and oil industries , resources which it has in abundance . Military bases and tourism are also a significant part of the economy .
Climate of the Arctic
Sea ice is important to the climate and the ocean in a variety of ways . It reduces the transfer of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere ; it causes less solar energy to be absorbed at the surface , and provides a surface on which snow can accumulate , which further decreases the absorption of solar energy ; since salt is rejected from the ice as it forms , the ice increases the salinity of the ocean 's surface water where it forms and decreases the salinity where it melts , both of which can affect the ocean 's circulation ( NSIDC ) .
Stanley Cup
Like the Grey Cup , awarded to the winner of the Canadian Football League , the Stanley Cup is engraved with the names of the winning players , coaches , management , and club staff . However , this was not always the case : one of Lord Stanley 's original conditions was that each team could , at their own expense , add a ring to the Cup to commemorate their victory . Initially , there was only one base ring , which was attached to the bottom of the original bowl by the Montreal Hockey Club . Clubs engraved their team names , usually in the form `` TEAM NAME '' `` YEAR WON '' , on that one ring until it was full in 1902 . With no more room to engrave their names ( and unwilling to pay for a second band ) , teams left their mark on the bowl itself . The 1907 Montreal Wanderers became the first club to record their name on the bowl 's interior surface , and the first champion to record the name of every member of their team .
Climate of the Arctic
The Arctic consists of ocean that is largely surrounded by land . As such , the climate of much of the Arctic is moderated by the ocean water , which can never have a temperature below − 2 ° C ( 28 ° F ) . In winter , this relatively warm water , even though covered by the polar ice pack , keeps the North Pole from being the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere , and it is also part of the reason that Antarctica is so much colder than the Arctic . In summer , the presence of the nearby water keeps coastal areas from warming as much as they might otherwise .