vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Public domain
Derivative works include translations , musical arrangements , and dramatizations of a work , as well as other forms of transformation or adaptation . Copyrighted works may not be used for derivative works without permission from the copyright owner , while public domain works can be freely used for derivative works without permission . Artworks that are public domain may also be reproduced photographically or artistically or used as the basis of new , interpretive works . Works derived from public domain works can be copyrighted .
A Series of Unfortunate Events
To see more examples of allusions to literature and the real world in A Series of Unfortunate Events , see the individual article for any book in the series .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
It helps readers and other editors see at a glance which source supports which point , maintaining text -- source integrity ; It avoids the visual clutter of multiple clickable footnotes inside a sentence or paragraph ; It avoids the confusion of having multiple sources listed separately after sentences , with no indication of which source to check for each part of the text , such as this . It makes it less likely that inline citations will be moved inadvertently when text is re-arranged , because the footnote states clearly which source supports which point .
Wouldn't It Be Nice
This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
River Thames
The Thames is mentioned in many works of literature including novels , diaries and poetry . It is the central theme in three in particular :
Hip hop
`` Hip hop texts are rich in imagery and metaphor and can be used to teach irony , tone , diction , and point of view . Hip hop texts can be analyzed for theme , motif , plot , and character development . Both Grand Master Flash and T.S. Eliot gazed out into their rapidly deteriorating societies and saw a `` wasteland . '' Both poets were essentially apocalyptic in nature as they witnessed death , disease , and decay . ''
Iliad
In antiquity , the Greeks applied the Iliad and the Odyssey as the bases of pedagogy . Literature was central to the educational - cultural function of the itinerant rhapsode , who composed consistent epic poems from memory and improvisation , and disseminated them , via song and chant , in his travels and at the Panathenaic Festival of athletics , music , poetics , and sacrifice , celebrating Athena 's birthday .
Novel
Epic poetry exhibits some similarities with the novel , and the Western tradition of the novel reaches back into the field of verse epics , though again not in an unbroken tradition . The epics of Asia , such as the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh ( 1300 -- 1000 BC ) , and Indian epics such as the Ramayana ( 400 BCE and 200 CE ) , and Mahabharata ( 4th century BC ) were as unknown in early modern Europe as was the Anglo - Saxon epic of Beowulf ( c. 750 -- 1000 AD ) , which was rediscovered in the late 18th century and early 19th century . Other non-European works , such as the Torah , the Koran , and the Bible , are full of stories , and thus have also had a significant influence on the development of prose narratives , and therefore the novel . Then at the beginning of the 18th century , French prose translations brought Homer 's works to a wider public , who accepted them as forerunners of the novel .
Bible citation
Abbreviations should not be used , according to The Christian Writer 's Manual of Style , when the citation is in running text . Instead , the full name should be spelled out . Hudson observes , however , that for scholarly or reference works that contain a large number of citations in running text , abbreviations may be used simply to reduce the length of the prose , and that a similar exception can be made for cases where a large number of citations are used in parentheses .
New Testament
Although not considered to be inspired by God , these `` apocryphal '' works may be helpful in the study of the New Testament in that they were produced in the same ancient context and often using the same language as those books that would eventually form the New Testament . Some of these later works are dependent ( either directly or indirectly ) upon books that would later come to be in the New Testament or upon the ideas expressed in them . There is even an example of a pseudepigraphical letter composed under the guise of a presumably lost letter of the Apostle Paul , the Epistle to the Laodiceans .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
switching between major citation styles , e.g. parenthetical and < ref > tags , or replacing the preferred style of one academic discipline with another 's ; adding citation templates to an article that already uses a consistent system without templates , or removing citation templates from an article that uses them consistently ; changing where the references are defined , e.g. moving reference definitions in the reflist to the prose , or moving reference definitions from the prose into the reflist . Generally
Bible citation
There are two commonly accepted styles for abbreviating the book names , one used in general books and one used in scholarly works .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Embedded links to external websites should not be used as a form of inline citation , because they are highly susceptible to linkrot . Wikipedia allowed this in its early years -- for example by adding a link after a sentence , like this ( http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html ) , which looks like this . ( 1 ) This is no longer recommended . Raw links are not recommended in lieu of properly written out citations , even if placed between ref tags , like this < ref > ( http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html]</ref > . Since any citation that accurately identifies the source is better than none , do not revert the good - faith addition of partial citations . They should be considered temporary , and replaced with more complete , properly formatted citations as soon as possible .
Novel
A market of literature in the modern sense of the word , that is a separate market for fiction and poetry , did not exist until the late seventeenth century . All books were sold under the rubric of `` History and politicks '' in the early 18th century , including pamphlets , memoirs , travel literature , political analysis , serious histories , romances , poetry , and novels .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
For multiple use of the same inline citation or footnote , you can use the named references feature , choosing a name to identify the inline citation , and typing < ref name = '' name `` > text of the citation < / ref > . Thereafter , the same named reference may be reused any number of times either before or after the defining use by typing just < ref name = '' name `` / > . The use of the slash before the > means that the tag is self - closing , and the < / ref > used to close other references must not be used in addition .
Novel
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Main
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
As the book and its sequel are Carroll 's most widely recognised works , they have also inspired numerous live performances , including ballets , musicals , operas , plays , and traditional English pantomimes . These works range from fairly faithful adaptations to those that use the story as a basis for new works . Additionally , over the years , many notable people in the performing arts have been involved in Alice productions .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
When formatting multiple citations in a footnote , there are several layouts available , as illustrated below . Within a given article , only a single layout should be used .
Abomination (Bible)
This article uncritically uses texts from within a religion or faith system without referring to secondary sources that critically analyze them . Please help improve this article by adding references to reliable secondary sources , with multiple points of view . ( May 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) For
Conflict (narrative)
Conflict in literature refers to the different drives of the characters or forces involved . Conflict may be internal or external -- that is , it may occur within a character 's mind or between a character and exterior forces , ( or point ( s ) of view ) . Conflict is most visible between two or more characters , usually a protagonist and an antagonist / enemy / villain , but can occur in many different forms . A character may as easily find himself or herself in conflict with a natural force , such as an animal or a weather event , like a hurricane . The literary purpose of conflict is to create tension in the story , making readers more interested by leaving them uncertain which of the characters or forces will prevail .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Do not add other facts or assertions into a fully cited paragraph or sentence :
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Several forms of short citation are used in Wikipedia ; see Short citations above . The inline citation and full citation may be linked using a template ( see linking inline and full citations ) ; as with other citation templates , these should not be added to articles without consensus .
Novel
The authors of popular fiction tend to advertise that they have exploited a controversial topic and this is a major difference between them and so - called elitist literature . Dan Brown , for example , discusses , on his website , the question whether his Da Vinci Code is an anti-Christian novel . And because authors of popular fiction have a fan community to serve , they can risk offending literary critic . However , the boundaries between popular and serious literature have blurred in recent years , with postmodernism and poststructuralism , as well as by adaptation of popular literary classics by the film and television industries . J.K.
Wikipedia:Citing sources
A full citation fully identifies a reliable source and , where applicable , the place in that source ( such as a page number ) where the information in question can be found . For example : Rawls , John . A Theory of Justice . Harvard University Press , 1971 , p. 1 . This type of citation is usually given as a footnote , and is the most commonly used citation method in Wikipedia articles . An inline citation means any citation added close to the material it supports , for example after the sentence or paragraph , normally in the form of a footnote . A short citation is an inline citation that identifies the place in a source where specific information can be found , but without giving full details of the source -- these will have been provided in a full bibliographic citation either in an earlier footnote , or in a separate section . For example : Rawls 1971 , p. 1 . This system is used in some articles ; the short citations may be given either as footnotes , or as parenthetical references within the text . In - text attribution involves adding the source of a statement to the article text , such as Rawls argues that X . This is done whenever a writer or speaker should be credited , such as with quotations , close paraphrasing , or statements of opinion or uncertain fact . The in - text attribution does not give full details of the source -- this is done in a footnote in the normal way . See In - text attribution below . A general reference is a citation that supports content , but is not linked to any particular piece of material in the article through an inline citation . General references are usually listed at the end of the article in a References section . They are usually found in underdeveloped articles , especially when all article content is supported by a single source . They may also be listed in more developed articles as a supplement to inline citations .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
When citing the source , write the following ( this formatting is just an example ) :
Hamlet
The upshot is that scholars can not assert with any confidence how much material Shakespeare took from the Ur - Hamlet ( if it even existed ) , how much from Belleforest or Saxo , and how much from other contemporary sources ( such as Kyd 's The Spanish Tragedy ) . No clear evidence exists that Shakespeare made any direct references to Saxo 's version . However , elements of Belleforest 's version which are not in Saxo 's story do appear in Shakespeare 's play . Whether Shakespeare took these from Belleforest directly or from the hypothetical Ur - Hamlet remains unclear .
Consciousness
In the west , the primary impact of the idea has been on literature rather than science : stream of consciousness as a narrative mode means writing in a way that attempts to portray the moment - to - moment thoughts and experiences of a character . This technique perhaps had its beginnings in the monologues of Shakespeare 's plays , and reached its fullest development in the novels of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf , although it has also been used by many other noted writers .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
If long or short inline citations placed in footnotes are used , the first editor to add footnotes to an article must create a section where the list of those citations is to appear . This is not necessary for inline parenthetical references , as these appear directly inline in the article prose .
Scientific method
When additional information is needed before a study can be reproduced , the author of the study might be asked to provide it . They might provide it , or if the author refuses to share data , appeals can be made to the journal editors who published the study or to the institution which funded the research . Limitations
Novel
Both in 12th - century Japan and 15th - century Europe , prose fiction created intimate reading situations . On the other hand , verse epics , including the Odyssey and Aeneid , had been recited to a select audiences , though this was a more intimate experience than the performance of plays in theaters .
Hamlet
Early editors of Shakespeare 's works , beginning with Nicholas Rowe ( 1709 ) and Lewis Theobald ( 1733 ) , combined material from the two earliest sources of Hamlet available at the time , Q2 and F1 . Each text contains material that the other lacks , with many minor differences in wording : scarcely 200 lines are identical in the two . Editors have combined them in an effort to create one `` inclusive '' text that reflects an imagined `` ideal '' of Shakespeare 's original . Theobald 's version became standard for a long time , and his `` full text '' approach continues to influence editorial practice to the present day . Some contemporary scholarship , however , discounts this approach , instead considering `` an authentic Hamlet an unrealisable ideal ... there are texts of this play but no text '' . The 2006 publication by Arden Shakespeare of different Hamlet texts in different volumes is perhaps evidence of this shifting focus and emphasis . Other editors have continued to argue the need for well - edited editions taking material from all versions of the play . Colin Burrow has argued that `` most of us should read a text that is made up by conflating all three versions ... it 's about as likely that Shakespeare wrote : `` To be or not to be , ay , there 's the point '' ( in Q1 ) , as that he wrote the works of Francis Bacon . I suspect most people just wo n't want to read a three - text play ... ( multi-text editions are ) a version of the play that is out of touch with the needs of a wider public . ''
Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a reliable source
This page in a nutshell : Do not use a Wikipedia article as a source for another Wikipedia article , even when describing Wikipedia .
New Testament
Books that later formed the New Testament , like other Christian literature of the period , originated in a literary context that reveals relationships not only to other Christian writings , but also to Graeco - Roman and Jewish works . Of singular importance is the extensive use of and interaction with the Jewish Bible and what would become the Christian Old Testament . Both implicit and explicit citations , as well as countless allusions , appear throughout the books of the New Testament , from the Gospels and Acts , to the Epistles , to the Apocalypse .
Novel
The authors of this new type of fiction could be ( and were ) accused of exploiting all available topics to thrill , arouse , or horrify their audience . These new romantic novelists , at the same time , claimed to explore the entire realm of fictionality . New , psychological interpreters , in the early 19th century , read these works as encounters with the deeper hidden truth of the human imagination : this included sexuality , anxieties , and insatiable desires . Under such psychological readings , novels were described as exploring deeper human motives , and it was suggested that such artistic freedom would reveal what had not previously been openly visible .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
byline ( author 's name ) , if any title of the article within quotation marks translated title of the article in square brackets after the title if not in English name of the newspaper in italics city of publication ( if not included in name of newspaper ) , in parentheses date of publication ( the `` ( ( Cite news ) ) '' template places the date after the byline if there is one ) page number ( s ) are optional Web
Wikipedia:Citing sources
The citation should be added close to the material it supports , offering text -- source integrity . If a word or phrase is particularly contentious , an inline citation may be added next to that word or phrase within the sentence , but it is usually sufficient to add the citation to the end of the clause , sentence , or paragraph , so long as it 's clear which source supports which part of the text . Repeated
Wikipedia:Citing sources
If the article is a biography of a living person , then any contentious material must be removed immediately : see Biographies of living persons . If the unreferenced material is seriously inappropriate , it may need to be hidden from general view , in which case request admin assistance . If the material added appears to be false or an expression of opinion , remove it and inform the editor who added the unsourced material . The ( ( uw - unsourced1 ) ) template may be placed on their talk page . In any other case consider finding references yourself , or commenting on the article talk page or the talk page of the editor who added the unsourced material . You may place a ( ( citation needed ) ) or ( ( dubious ) ) tag against the added text .
Wikipedia:Citing sources
For an image or other media file , details of its origin and copyright status should appear on its file page . Image captions should be referenced as appropriate just like any other part of the article . A citation is not needed for descriptions such as alt text that are verifiable directly from the image itself , or for text that merely identifies a source ( e.g. , the caption `` Belshazzar 's Feast ( 1635 ) '' for File : Rembrandt - Belsazar. jpg ) .
Shakespeare's reputation
As the concept of literary originality grew in importance , critics were horrified at the idea of adapting Shakespeare 's tragedies for the stage by putting happy endings on them , or editing out the puns in Romeo and Juliet . In another way , what happened on the stage was seen as unimportant , as the Romantics , themselves writers of closet drama , considered Shakespeare altogether more suitable for reading than staging . Charles Lamb saw any form of stage representation as distracting from the true qualities of the text . This view , argued as a timeless truth , was also a natural consequence of the dominance of melodrama and spectacle on the early 19th - century stage .
Novel
In the 19th century the relationship between authors , publishers , and readers , changed . Most of the early 18th - century fiction had been published anonymously . Authors had offered their manuscripts and received all the payment to be expected for the manuscript . The new copyright laws introduced in the 18th and 19th centuries promised royalties on all future editions . Another change in the 19th century was that novelists began to read their works in theaters , halls , and bookshops .
Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a reliable source
The same applies to Wikipedia 's sister projects , as well as websites that mirror or use it , and printed books or other material derived from Wikipedia .
Precedent
Courts may consider the writings of eminent legal scholars in treatises , restatements of the law , and law reviews . The extent to which judges find these types of writings persuasive will vary widely with elements such as the reputation of the author and the relevance of the argument . Persuasive
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Please combine precisely duplicated full citations , in keeping with the existing citation style ( if any ) . Do not discourage editors , particularly inexperienced ones , from adding duplicate citations when the use of the source is appropriate , because a duplicate is usually better than no citation . But any editor should feel free to combine them , and doing so is the best practice on Wikipedia .
Novel
A novel is any relatively long work of narrative fiction , normally in prose , and typically published as a book .
Public domain
The term public domain has two senses of meaning . Anything published is out in the public domain in the sense that it is available to the public . Once published , news and information in books are in the public domain , although they may also be copyrighted . In the sense of intellectual property , works in the public domain are those whose exclusive intellectual property rights have expired , have been forfeited , have been expressly waived , or are inapplicable . For example , the works of Shakespeare and Beethoven , and most of the early silent films , are all now in the public domain by either being created before copyrights existed or leaving the copyright term . Examples for works not covered by copyright which are therefore in the public domain , are the formulae of Newtonian physics , cooking recipes , and all software before 1974 . Examples for works actively dedicated into public domain by their authors are reference implementations of cryptographic algorithms , NIH 's ImageJ , and the CIA 's World Factbook . The term is not normally applied to situations where the creator of a work retains residual rights , in which case use of the work is referred to as `` under license '' or `` with permission '' .
Novel
Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history , but by about 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in Don Quixote ( 1605 ) . Still , the modern image of medieval is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word `` medieval '' evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and such tropes .