vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Columbian Exchange
) coffee common fig coriander ( also known as cilantro ) cucumber cumin eggplant Elaeis ( oil palm ) fennel flax garlic ginger hemp ( including cannabis ) leek lentil lettuce mango millet Momordica charantia ( bitter melon ) oat okra olive onion opium oregano pea peach pear pistachio pomegranate radish rice rye sesame sorghum soybean spinach sugarcane and sugar beet turmeric turnip watermelon wheat yam ( sometimes misnamed `` sweet potato '' ) Acca sellowiana ( feijoa , pineapple guava , Brazilian guava , guavasteen ) Annona reticulata ( custard apple ) agave allspice amaranth ( as grain ) arrowroot or Maranta arundinacea avocado bell pepper Calathea allouia ( leren ) Canna indica ( achira ) cashew cassava ( manioc , tapioca , yuca ) chili pepper cherimoya cocoa bean cotton ( long - staple species ) cranberry ( large cranberry , or bearberry species ) cucurbita ( squash ) Eryngium foetidum ( culantro , Mexican coriander ) guava ( common ) Helianthus ( sunflower ) Jerusalem artichoke Pachyrhizus erosus ( jícama ) maize ( corn ) Manilkara zapota ( sapodilla ) Opuntia ficus - indica ( prickly pear ) papaya passionfruit peanut pecan Phaseolus vulgaris ( beans : pinto , lima , kidney , etc . ) pineapple pitaya ( dragon fruit ) potato pumpkin quinoa soursop stevia strawberry ( commercial varieties ) sugar - apple sweet potato tobacco tomato vanilla yerba mate yucca zucchini ( courgette ) Infectious diseases bubonic plague chickenpox cholera diphtheria influenza leprosy malaria measles pertussis scarlet fever smallpox typhoid fever typhus yaws yellow fever Chagas disease Nonvenereal endemic syphilis pinta syphilis ( disputed )
Puerto Rican cuisine
Basil / Albahaca Bay leaves -- Laurel Cilantro Marjoram / Mejorana Mint / Menta Plectranthus amboinicus / Orégano brujo -- This oregano , with its distinctive pungent aroma , grows wild on the island . It is mainly used dry , and is a key ingredient in adobo seco and adobo mojado . Parsley / Perejil Culantro / Recao -- Eryngium foetidum . Similar to cilantro but stronger in flavor . Sage / Salvia Tarragon / Estragón Caribbean thyme / Tomillo -- Same flavor as English thyme , but stronger flavor .
Maharashtrian cuisine
Depending on region , religion and caste , Maharashtrian food can be mild to extremely spicy . Common spices include asafoetida , turmeric , mustard seeds , coriander , cumin , dried bay leaves , and chili powder . Other spices used especially for garam masala include cinnamon , cloves , black pepper , cardamom and nutmeg . Common herbs to impart flavor or to garnish a dish include curry leaves , and coriander leaves . Many common curry recipes call for garlic , onion , ginger and green chilli pepper . Ingredients that impart sour flavor to the food include yoghurt , tomatoes , tamarind paste , amsul skin or unripe mangoes .
Vinegar
Coconut vinegar , made from fermented coconut water or sap , is used extensively in Southeast Asian cuisine ( notably the Philippines ) , as well as in some cuisines of India and Sri Lanka , especially Goan cuisine . A cloudy white liquid , it has a particularly sharp , acidic taste with a slightly yeasty note .
Puerto Rican cuisine
From the diet of the Taíno ( culturally related with the Maya and Carib peoples of Central America and the Caribbean ) and Arawak people come many tropical roots and tubers ( collectively called viandas ) like malanga ( Xanthosoma ) and especially Yuca ( cassava ) , from which thin cracker - like casabe bread is made . Ajicito or cachucha pepper , a slightly hot habanero pepper , recao / culantro ( spiny leaf coriander ) , sarsaparilla , pimienta ( allspice ) , achiote ( annatto ) , peppers , ají caballero ( the hottest pepper native to Puerto Rico ) , peanuts , guavas , pineapples , jicacos ( cocoplum ) , quenepas ( mamoncillo ) , lerenes ( Guinea arrowroot ) , calabazas ( West Indian pumpkin ) , and guanabanas ( soursops ) are all Taíno foods . The Taínos also grew varieties of beans and some maíz ( corn / maize ) , but maíz was not as dominant in their cooking as it was for the peoples on the mainland of Mesoamerica . This is due to the frequent hurricanes that Puerto Rico experiences , which destroy crops of maíz , allowing more safeguarded plants like yuca conucos ( hills of yuca grown together ) to flourish . Maíz when used was frequently made into cornmeal and then into guanime , cornmeal mixed with mashed yautía and yuca and wrapped in corn husk or large leaves . Cilantro
Tapioca balls
Tapioca pearls are derived as baked tapioca products , which are obtained from heat treatment of the moist cassava starch in shallow pans .
Tea culture
A-hlu lahpet or Mandalay lahpet is served in a plate or traditionally in a shallow lacquerware dish called lahpet ohk with a lid and divided into small compartments -- pickled tea laced with sesame oil in a central compartment , and other ingredients such as crisp fried garlic , peas and peanuts , toasted sesame , crushed dried shrimp , preserved shredded ginger and fried shredded coconut in other compartments encircling it . It may be served as a snack or after a meal with green tea either on special occasions or just for the family and visitors . A-hlu means alms and is synonymous with a novitiation ceremony called Shinbyu although lahpet is served in this form also at hsun jway ( offering a meal to monks ) and weddings . Invitation to a shinbyu is traditionally by calling from door to door with a lahpet ohk , and acceptance is indicated by its partaking . Lahpet thouk or Yangon lahpet is pickled tea salad very popular all over Myanmar especially with women , and some teashops would have it on their menu as well as Burmese restaurants . It is prepared by mixing all the above ingredients without the coconut but in addition includes fresh tomatoes , garlic and green chilli , and is dressed with fish sauce , sesame or peanut oil , and a squeeze of lime . Some of the most popular brands sold in packets include Ayee Taung lahpet from Mandalay , Shwe Toak from Mogok , Yuzana and Pinpyo Ywetnu from Yangon . Hnapyan jaw ( twice fried ) ready - mixed garnish is also available today .
Thar Desert
Tecomella undulata has medicinal properties as well . The bark obtained from the stem is used as a remedy for syphilis . It is also used in curing urinary disorders , enlargement of spleen , gonorrhoea , leucoderma and liver diseases . Seeds are used against abscess .
Candle
Microcrystalline wax Beeswax ( a byproduct of honey collection ) Gel ( a mixture of polymer and mineral oil ) Some plant waxes ( generally palm , carnauba , bayberry , or soybean wax )
Pizza cheese
Manufacturers aim for a moisture content of 50 - to - 52 percent and a fat - in - dry - matter content of 35 - to - 40 percent . A study published in the International Journal of Food & Science Technology found that a 12.5 : 87.5 blend of vetch milk and bovine milk improved stretchiness and melting characteristics . Vetch is a legume that has seeds which are similar to lentils . An experiment published in the International Journal of Dairy Technology suggested that the level of galactose , a monosaccharide sugar that is less sweet than glucose and fructose , can be reduced using different culture techniques . An article in the International Journal of Food Engineering found that trisodium citrate , a food additive used to preserve and add flavor to foods , slightly improved the preferred qualities of pizza cheese . Research published in Dairy Industries International suggested that denatured whey proteins increased moisture retention , but that the improvements were very slight and not economically worthwhile relative to the minor improvements .
Cranberry
Raw cranberries , cranberry juice and cranberry extracts are a source of polyphenols - including proanthocyanidins , flavonols and quercetin . These compounds are being studied in vivo and in vitro for possible effects on the cardiovascular system , immune system and cancer . However , there is no confirmation from human studies that consuming cranberry polyphenols provides anti-cancer , immune or cardiovascular benefits . Potential is limited by poor absorption and rapid excretion .
Taco Bell
In September 2000 , up to $50 million worth of Taco Bell - branded shells were recalled from supermarkets . The shells contained genetically modified corn that was not approved for human consumption . It was the first - ever recall of genetically modified food ( GMO ) . Corn was not segregated at grain elevators and the miller in Texas did not order that type .
Tea culture
It is popular in Southeast Asia and in many American restaurants that serve Thai or Vietnamese food , especially on the West Coast . Although Thai tea is not the same as bubble tea , a Southeast and East Asian beverage that contains large black pearls of tapioca starch , Thai tea with pearls is a popular flavour of bubble tea .
Mercury pollution in the ocean
Another novel material ( Patent application : PCT / US15 / 55205 ) is still under investigation which looks at the possibility of cleaning mercury pollution using orange peels as raw material . This technology produces sulfur limonene polysulphide ( proposed material ) using sulfur and limonene . Using industrial byproducts to manufacture this polymer makes it a highly sustainable approach. The scientists say 50 % of the mercury content could be reduced with a single treatment using this polymer .
Salvadoran cuisine
Tamarindo juice is consumed in all of El Salvador . Coconuts are sold at roadside estansas throughout the country . Typically , they are chopped with machetes and a straw is inserted so that the coconut water can be consumed . Adults drink coconut milk , mixed with vodka , as an aperitif . Vinagre de piña is a drink of trimmed pineapples mixed with piloncillo and water and set aside to ferment for a few weeks or even months .
Salvadoran cuisine
El Salvador is known for different types of tamales , which are usually wrapped in plantain leaves . These tamales include :
History of agriculture
In two regions of Australia , the central west coast and eastern central Australia , forms of early agriculture may have been practiced . People living in permanent settlements of over 200 residents sowed or planted on a large scale and stored the harvested food . The Nhanda and Amangu of the central west coast grew yams ( Dioscorea hastifolia ) , while various groups in eastern central Australia ( the Corners Region ) planted and harvested bush onions ( yaua - Cyperus bulbosus ) , native millet ( cooly , tindil -- Panicum decompositum ) and a sporocarp , ngardu ( Marsillea drumondii ) .
Japanese cuisine
Also , certain homey or rustic sorts of traditional Japanese foods such as kinpira , hijiki , and kiriboshi daikon usually involve stir - frying in oil before stewing in soy sauce . Some standard osōzai or obanzai dishes feature stir - fried Japanese greens with either age or chirimen - jako , dried sardines .
Dipping tobacco
The following is a partial list of brands of dipping tobacco . Other tobacco products , such as chewing tobacco and snus , are excluded .
Bahamian cuisine
Bahamian cuisine incorporates many tropical fruits . Guavas are used to make duff ( dessert ) . Ice cream is popular , including fruit flavors such as soursop . Puddings are eaten , including a sapodilla pudding . Papaya ( called pawpaw or melon tree ) is the most famous Bahamian fruit and is used for desserts , chutneys , `` Goombay '' marmalade ( made with papaya , pineapple , and green ginger ) , or simply eaten fresh at breakfast . Papaya is also used as a meat tenderizer , and in tropical drinks such as the Bahama Mama . Melons , pineapples , passion fruit , and mangoes are also grown .
Cocoa butter
Fats used for this purpose include : cocoa butter substitute ; coconut oil or palm oil ; cocoa butter replacer ; soybean oil , rapeseed oil and cottonseed oil ; cocoa butter equivalent ; shea butter , illipe , sal nut , palm , mango kernel fat , palm oils , and PGPR .
Cigarette
A recipe - specified combination of brightleaf , burley - leaf , and oriental - leaf tobacco is mixed with various additives to improve its flavors .
Maharashtrian cuisine
Chutney and preserves -- Popular chutneys and preserves include raw mango chutney , mint , tamarind chutney , cilantro , panchamrit , and mirachicha thecha . Dry chutneys include those based on oil seeds such as flax seed , peanut , sesame , coconut and karale . Chutney based on the skin of roasted vegetables such as bottle gourd is also popular . Most chutnies include green or red chilli pepper for their heat . Garlic may also be added . Metkut -- A dry preparation based on a blend of dry roasted legumes and spices . Lon'ch ( pickle ) Muramba ― Made with unripe mangoes , spices and sugar .
Vinegar
Vinegar made from raisins , called khall ʻinab ( Arabic : خل عنب ‎ `` grape vinegar '' ) is used in cuisines of the Middle East , and is produced there . It is cloudy and medium brown in color , with a mild flavor .
Drink can
Full - top pull - tabs were also used in some oil cans and are currently used in some soup , pet food , tennis ball , nuts and other cans .
Brisket
In Korean cuisine , traditionally it is first boiled at low temperature with aromatic vegetables , then pressed with a heavy object in a container full of a soy sauce - based marinade . The ensuing preserved meat is served in match - length strips as an accompaniment ( banchan ) to a meal . This is called jang jorim . Brisket is also the main ingredient in a spicy soup called yuk ke jang , part of the class of soups that are complete meals in Korean cuisine . Nowadays , it is also popular to cook thin slices of it quickly over a hot plate .
Dipping tobacco
Dipping tobacco is typically flavoured . The most common flavours consist of mint , wintergreen , straight and natural , these are typically made by all brands . The list keeps on going with brands such as Skoal , Kayak and Tough Guy making many fruit flavours such as grape , cherry , apple , orange , lemon / citrus , peach , and watermelon . Grizzly has gone on to modify their wintergreen and mint flavours under the name of dark mint and dark wintergreen . Alcohol has been another flavour to hit the market , Copenhagen releasing their limited edition `` black '' which has a bourbon flavour but is typically only available for purchase between October to February . Seneca also has a rum flavour .
Vinegar
Vinegar is a liquid consisting of about 5 -- 20 % acetic acid ( CH COOH ) , water , and other trace chemicals , which may include flavorings . The acetic acid is produced by the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria . Vinegar is now mainly used as a cooking ingredient , or in pickling . As the most easily manufactured mild acid , it has historically had a great variety of industrial , medical , and domestic uses , some of which ( such as its use as a general household cleaner ) are still commonly practiced today .
Christmas traditions
A traditional Wigilia supper in Poland includes fried carp and barszcz ( beetroot soup ) with uszka ( translated as `` little ears '' , also known as meatless ravioli ) . The most common dishes are fish soup , with potato salad , pierogi , gołąbki filled with kasza , pickled herring and fruit kompot . Carp provides a main component of the Christmas Eve meal across Poland ; carp fillet , carp in aspic etc . Universal Polish Christmas foods are pierogi as well as some herring dishes , herring fillets , herring in aspic and for dessert , makowiec or noodles with poppy seed . Often , there is a compote of dry fruits for a drink . etc . Dishes beside fish are usually cabbage - , forest mushroom - ( like boletus ) and poppyseed - based , with herring being very important . After supper the Star Man arrives attended by the Star Boys . They are dressed as Wise Men or animals or other figures . The Star Man examines the children in their catechism and rewards them with small presents if they do well , even if they need a bit of coaching . The Star Boys sing carols and are given a treat for their help . The feast begins with the appearance of the first star . The meal is followed by the exchange of gifts . The remainder of the evening is given to stories and songs around the Christmas tree . In some areas of the country , children are taught that `` The Little Star '' brings the gifts . As presents are unwrapped , carollers may walk from house to house receiving treats along the way .
Cheetos
While Cheetos was the first snack food of its kind , competing products in the snack food category have since emerged -- including Utz Cheese Curls , Herr 's Cheese Curls and Wise Cheez Doodles . Most of the competing cheese - flavored snacks are distributed in specific regions of the U.S. , and as of 2010 Cheetos remains as the top - selling cheese puff in America .
Peroxisome
This reaction is important in liver and kidney cells , where the peroxisomes detoxify various toxic substances that enter the blood . About 25 % of the ethanol alcohol humans drink is oxidized to acetaldehyde in this way . In addition , when excess H O accumulates in the cell , catalase converts it to H O through this reaction :
Avocado
About 75 % of an avocado 's energy comes from fat , most of which ( 67 % of total fat ) is monounsaturated fat as oleic acid . Other predominant fats include palmitic acid and linoleic acid . The saturated fat content amounts to 14 % of the total fat . Typical total fat composition is roughly : 1 % ω - 3 , 14 % ω - 6 , 71 % ω - 9 ( 65 % oleic and 6 % palmitoleic ) , and 14 % saturated fat ( palmitic acid ) .
Cell nucleus
Besides the nucleolus , the nucleus contains a number of other non-membrane - delineated bodies . These include Cajal bodies , Gemini of coiled bodies , polymorphic interphase karyosomal association ( PIKA ) , promyelocytic leukaemia ( PML ) bodies , paraspeckles , and splicing speckles . Although little is known about a number of these domains , they are significant in that they show that the nucleoplasm is not a uniform mixture , but rather contains organized functional subdomains .
Ecuador
In the coastal region , seafood is very popular , with fish , shrimp , and ceviche being key parts of the diet . Generally , ceviches are served with fried plantain ( chifles y patacones ) , popcorn , or tostado . Plantain - and peanut - based dishes are the basis of most coastal meals . Encocados ( dishes that contain a coconut sauce ) are also very popular . Churrasco is a staple food of the coastal region , especially Guayaquil . Arroz con menestra y carne asada ( rice with beans and grilled beef ) is one of the traditional dishes of Guayaquil , as is fried plantain , which is often served with it . This region is a leading producer of bananas , Cocoa beans ( to make chocolate ) , shrimp , tilapia , mango , and passion fruit , among other products .
Cheetos
Cheetos are manufactured by blending corn and water . The mixture is heated under pressure , and then extruded through a die . The texture of the snack is formed as a result of contact with hot air , causing steam in the mixture to expand and creating its characteristic texture . After oven - drying or frying , the product is then tumbled with the desired flavor components ( the original Crunchy Cheetos are fried ) . The process takes approximately 19 minutes and each half hour an in - house lab team inspects and taste - tests each batch . At this point , the result of the inspection is determined by comparing each batch to product sent from Frito - Lay headquarters . Other flavor and format variations such as Cheetos Puffs , Cheetos Paws , Cheetos Twists , Cheetos Balls , and Cheetos Whirls are all finished with a drying stage in large ovens . As of 2010 , Frito - Lay has 14 fried - Cheetos plants in 11 states throughout the United States .
Kenya
In western Kenya : among the Luo , fish is a common dish ; among the Kalenjin who dominate much of the Rift Valley Region , mursik -- sour milk -- is a major drink .
Ben & Jerry's
In February 2012 , a Ben & Jerry 's franchise near Harvard University created a limited edition frozen yogurt flavor named `` Taste the Lin - Sanity , '' in honor of Asian - American basketball player Jeremy Lin , a Harvard alumnus . At inception , the product contained vanilla frozen yogurt , lychee honey swirls , and fortune cookie pieces , leading to a widely publicized controversy about racial stereotyping due to the association of the fortune cookie ingredient with Chinese culture . The latter ingredient was later replaced with waffle cookies , as the fortune cookies became soggy and the franchise received returns from customers . Ben & Jerry 's general manager for Boston and Cambridge explained to the media : `` we obviously were n't looking to offend anybody and the majority of the feedback about it has been positive . '' Ben & Jerry 's released an official statement shortly after the launch of the product apologizing to those who were offended .
Prayer wheel
The mani wheel , or hand prayer wheel , has a cylindrical , generally sheet - metal body ( often beautifully embossed ) mounted on a metal shaft or pin set into a wooden or metal handle that turns on a circular bearing commonly made of Turbinella ( conch ) shell . The cylinder itself is affixed with a cord or chain terminating in a metal weight allowing it to be spun by a slight rotation of the wrist . The weighted chain , known as a `` governor '' in Western technology , stabilizes the wheel and keeps it spinning with less input from the practitioner than would otherwise be the case . The common term , `` prayer wheel '' is a double misnomer . A long strip of rolled - up paper bearing printed or inscribed mantras ( Tib . mani ) rather than prayers , per se , is inside the cylinder . `` Mill , '' defined as `` a spinning object that generates something , '' is a better translation of the Tibetan ' khor - lo than is `` wheel '' since it is thought that the spinning cylinder emanates positive energy , allowing the practitioner to accumulate wisdom and merit . The Tibetan name of this device is mani - chos - ' khor ( མ ་ ནི ་ ཆོས ་ འཁོར ་ ) .
Angular cheilitis
Examples of potential allergens include substances that may be present in some types of lipstick , toothpaste , acne products , cosmetics , chewing gum , mouthwash , foods , dental appliances , and materials from dentures or mercury containing amalgam fillings . It is usually impossible to tell the difference between irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis without a patch test .
Indigenous Australians
Some communities ( particularly in the Northern Territory ) introduced kava as a safer alternative to alcohol , as over-indulgence in kava produces sleepiness , in contrast to the violence that can result from over-indulgence in alcohol . These and other measures met with variable success , and while a number of communities have seen decreases in associated social problems caused by excessive drinking , others continue to struggle with the issue and it remains an ongoing concern .
Tea culture
Tea is an important social beverage to Somali people . It is called shaah in the Somali language . Tea was first introduced to Somalis through ancient trade with the Arabs and Indians . In major Somali towns there are many tea shops and tea stalls around busy market areas . Somalis consume tea at any time of the day but primarily at breakfast , in the late afternoon , called Asariyo , and after or during supper . Any guest to a Somali household would be offered spiced Somali tea , known as Shaah Hawash , as soon as he or she arrives . The tea is spiced with cardamom , cloves and sometimes dry ginger and is usually served milky and sweet . Tea is usually preferred over coffee in Somalia , however some Somalis prefer coffee over tea .
Olive oil extraction
The Sinolea method to extract oil from the olives was introduced in 1972 ; in this process , rows of metal discs or plates are dipped into the paste ; the oil preferentially wets and sticks to the metal and is removed with scrapers in a continuous process . It is based on the different surface tension of the vegetation water and the oil , these different physical behaviors allow the olive oil to adhere to a steel plaque while the other two phases remain behind .