vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Ancient Roman architecture
When the framework was removed , the new wall was very strong , with a rough surface of bricks or stones . This surface could be smoothed and faced with an attractive stucco or thin panels of marble or other coloured stones called revetment . Concrete construction proved to be more flexible and less costly than building solid stone buildings . The materials were readily available and not difficult to transport . The wooden frames could be used more than once , allowing builders to work quickly and efficiently . Concrete is arguably the Roman contribution most relevant to modern architecture .
Universal joint
The main concept of the universal joint is based on the design of gimbals , which have been in use since antiquity . One anticipation of the universal joint was its use by the ancient Greeks on ballistae . In Europe the universal joint is often called the Cardano joint or Cardan shaft , after the Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano ; however , in his writings , he mentioned only gimbal mountings , not universal joints .
Tower of London
The main building material is Kentish rag - stone , although some local mudstone was also used . Caen stone was imported from northern France to provide details in the Tower 's facing , although little of the original material survives as it was replaced with Portland stone in the 17th and 18th centuries . As most of the Tower 's windows were enlarged in the 18th century , only two original -- albeit restored -- examples remain , in the south wall at the gallery level .
Solomon's Temple
In older English versions of the Bible , including the King James Version , the term `` temple '' is used to translate hekhal . In modern versions more reflective of archaeological research , the distinction is made of different sections of the whole Temple . Scholars and archaeologists generally agree on the structure of Solomon 's Temple as described in 1 Kings 6 : 3 -- 5 , with the main building , the hekhal , in English now sometimes called `` the sanctuary '' , the devir , the inner sanctuary , and finally the Holy of Holies .
Cell cycle
The cell cycle consists of four distinct phases : G phase , S phase ( synthesis ) , G phase ( collectively known as interphase ) and M phase ( mitosis ) . M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes : karyokinesis , in which the cell 's chromosomes are divided , and cytokinesis , in which the cell 's cytoplasm divides forming two daughter cells . Activation of each phase is dependent on the proper progression and completion of the previous one . Cells that have temporarily or reversibly stopped dividing are said to have entered a state of quiescence called G phase . Schematic
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
Some disappointed Indiana Jones fans used the term `` nuking the fridge '' , based on a scene where Jones survives a nuclear blast by hiding in a refrigerator , to denote the point when a franchise passes its peak and crossed into the absurd , similar to `` jumping the shark '' . This phrase has appeared across the internet , and was chosen as # 5 on Time magazine 's list of `` top ten buzzwords '' of 2008 . Asked about the scene and phrase , Spielberg said : `` Blame me . Do n't blame George . That was my silly idea ... I 'm proud of that . I 'm glad I was able to bring that into popular culture . '' Lucas denied this , saying Spielberg was `` protecting him '' . According to Lucas , he had assembled a dossier of research data to convince Spielberg ; Lucas stated that his research claimed the odds of surviving in the refrigerator are about `` 50 - 50 . ''
Bee Gees
`` Jimmy Savile was on it and that was amazing because we 'd seen pictures of him in the Beatles fan club book , so we thought we were really there ! That show had Lulu , us , the Move , and the Stones doing ' Let 's Spend the Night Together ' . You have to remember this was really before the superstar was invented so you were all in it together . ''
We Real Cool
It is also referenced in the song of the same title , `` We Real Cool , '' by the band Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds on their 2013 album , Push the Sky Away .
Rock Band (video game)
Each band member can choose the difficulty at which they play ( spanning Easy , Medium , Hard , and Expert ) . If a player does not play well enough and falls to the bottom of the Band Meter , they will fail out of the song and their instrument will be muted from the audio mix . However , any active player can activate their Overdrive to bring failed players back into the song , `` saving '' the band member . However , a band member can only be saved twice ; after the third failure , they can not be brought back for that song . Failed players continuously drag the band 's Band Meter down until they are saved . If the player is not saved before the Band Meter reaches the bottom , the band fails the song . Players can earn Overdrive bonuses from `` Unison Phrases '' and extra points from a `` Big Rock Ending . ''
Human Again (song)
While `` Human Again '' is not featured in the live - action film , a variation of it can be seen in `` Days in the Sun '' , performed after the Beast rescues Belle from the wolves , preceding the number `` Something There '' . The song is sung first by a child representing the then - human Prince during his youth , on his mother 's deathbed ; then by Lumiére , Plumette , Mrs. Potts , & Madame Garderobe ; then by Belle , before being sung by everyone . The song is all about reliving everyone 's `` days in the sun '' ( representing their former lives : the enchanted curse for the Beast ( as well as her mother being alive ) and the castle staff , and freedom for Belle ) , and hoping for a `` new day '' .
Magick (Thelema)
In general ritual practice , vibration can also refer to a technique of saying a god - name or a magical formula in a long , drawn - out fashion ( i.e. with a full , deep breath ) that employs the nasal passages , such that the sound feels and sounds `` vibrated ' . This is known as Galdering .
Acronym
A backronym ( or bacronym ) is a phrase that is constructed `` after the fact '' from a previously existing word . For example , the novelist and critic Anthony Burgess once proposed that the word `` book '' ought to stand for `` Box Of Organized Knowledge . '' A classic real - world example of this is the name of the predecessor to the Apple Macintosh , The Apple Lisa , which was said to refer to `` Local Integrated Software Architecture '' , but was actually named after Steve Jobs ' daughter , born in 1978 .
Magick (Thelema)
( ... ) in the banishing ritual of the pentagram we not only command the demons to depart , but invoke the Archangels and their hosts to act as guardians of the Circle during our pre-occupation with the ceremony proper . In more elaborate ceremonies it is usual to banish everything by name . Each element , each planet , and each sign , perhaps even the Sephiroth themselves ; all are removed , including the very one which we wished to invoke , for that forces as existing in Nature is always impure . But this process , being long and wearisome , is not altogether advisable in actual working . It is usually sufficient to perform a general banishing , and to rely upon the aid of the guardians invoked . ( ... ) `` The Banishing Ritual of the Pentagram '' is the best to use .
Quakers
A local congregation in the unprogrammed tradition is called a meeting , or a monthly meeting ( e.g. , Smalltown Meeting or Smalltown Monthly Meeting ) . The reference to `` monthly '' is because the meeting meets monthly to conduct the group 's business . Most `` monthly meetings '' meet for worship at least once a week ; some meetings have several worship meetings during the week . In programmed traditions , local congregations are often referred to as `` Friends Churches '' .
Japanese swordsmithing
Almost all blades are decorated , although not all blades are decorated on the visible part of the blade . Once the blade is cool , and the mud is scraped off , the blade has designs and grooves cut into it . One of the most important markings on the sword is performed here : the file markings . These are cut into the tang ( nakago ) , or the hilt - section of the blade , during shaping , where they will be covered by a tsuka or hilt later . The tang is never supposed to be cleaned : doing this can cut the value of the sword in half or more . The purpose is to show how well the blade steel ages . A number of different types of file markings are used , including horizontal , slanted , and checked , known as ichi - monji , ko - sujikai , sujikai , ō - sujikai , katte - agari , shinogi - kiri - sujikai , taka - no - ha , and gyaku - taka - no - ha . A grid of marks , from raking the file diagonally both ways across the tang , is called higaki , whereas specialized `` full dress '' file marks are called kesho - yasuri . Lastly , if the blade is very old , it may have been shaved instead of filed . This is called sensuki . While ornamental , these file marks also serve the purpose of providing an uneven surface which bites well into the hilt which fits over it , and is made from wood . It is this pressure fit for the most part that holds the hilt in place , while the mekugi pin serves as a secondary method and a safety .
Moai
Oral histories include one account of a clan pushing down a single moai in the night but others refer to the `` earth shaking '' and other indications that at least some of them fell down through earthquakes . Some of the moai toppled forward such that their faces were hidden and often fell in such a way that their necks broke ; others fell off of the back of their platforms . Today , about 50 moai have been re-erected on their ahus or at museums elsewhere .
Japanese swordsmithing
Another way is to assemble the different pieces into a block , forge weld it together , and then draw out the steel into a sword so that the correct steel ends up in the desired place . This method is often used for the complex models , which allow for parrying without fear of damaging the side of the blade . To make honsanmai or shihozume types , pieces of hard steel are added to the outside of the blade in a similar fashion . The shihozume and soshu types are quite rare , but added a rear support . Geometry
Hindu temple
South Indian temples have a large gopuram , a monumental tower , usually ornate , at the entrance of the temple . This forms a prominent feature of Koils , Hindu temples of the Dravidian style . They are topped by the kalasam , a bulbous stone finial . They function as gateways through the walls that surround the temple complex . The gopuram 's origins can be traced back to early structures of the Tamil kings Pallavas ; and by the twelfth century , under the Pandya rulers , these gateways became a dominant feature of a temple 's outer appearance , eventually overshadowing the inner sanctuary which became obscured from view by the gopuram 's colossal size . It also dominated the inner sanctum in amount of ornamentation . Often a shrine has more than one gopuram . They also appear in architecture outside India , especially Khmer architecture , as at Angkor Wat . A koil may have multiple gopurams , typically constructed into multiple walls in tiers around the main shrine . The temple 's walls are typically square with the outer most wall having gopuras . The sanctum sanctorium and its towering roof ( the central deity 's shrine ) are also called the vimanam . The inner sanctum has restricted access with only priests allowed beyond a certain point . Temples
Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb
They are joined by a wax Sir Lancelot who helps them fight off the aggressive museum exhibits like a Xiangliu statue and a Triceratops skeleton . Jedediah and Octavius fall through a ventilation shaft , but are rescued from an erupting Pompeii model by Dexter . The group find Ahkmenrah 's parents , learning the tablet 's power can be regenerated by moonlight , since it is empowered with the magic of Khonsu . Lancelot mistakes the tablet for the Holy Grail and steals it , leaving to find Camelot . Larry and Laaa are locked in the employee break room by Tilly but escape , Laaa remaining behind to distract Tilly , but they become attracted to each other .
Tilted block faulting
The term `` tilted block faulting '' is a literal description of rotational extension on planar faults , which results in a uniform rotation of faults and crust . Often a `` domino - style '' stacking of the fault blocks occurs , creating the basis of the terminology .
Ancient Egypt
Even before the Old Kingdom , the ancient Egyptians had developed a glassy material known as faience , which they treated as a type of artificial semi-precious stone . Faience is a non-clay ceramic made of silica , small amounts of lime and soda , and a colorant , typically copper . The material was used to make beads , tiles , figurines , and small wares . Several methods can be used to create faience , but typically production involved application of the powdered materials in the form of a paste over a clay core , which was then fired . By a related technique , the ancient Egyptians produced a pigment known as Egyptian Blue , also called blue frit , which is produced by fusing ( or sintering ) silica , copper , lime , and an alkali such as natron . The product can be ground up and used as a pigment .
Bar and Bat Mitzvah
Bar or bat mitzvah celebrations have become an occasion to give the celebrant a commemorative gift . Traditionally , common gifts include books with religious or educational value , religious items , writing implements , savings bonds ( to be used for the child 's college education ) , gift certificates , or money . Gifts of cash have become commonplace in recent times . As with charity and all other gifts , it has become common to give in multiples of 18 , since the gematria , or numerical equivalent of the Hebrew word for `` life '' , ( `` chai '' ) , is the number 18 . Monetary gifts in multiples of 18 are considered to be particularly auspicious and have become very common for the bar and bat mitzvah . Many b'nai mitzvah also receive their first tallit from their parents to be used for the occasion and tefillin where this is appropriate . Jewelry is a common gift for girls at a bat mitzvah celebration . Another gift for the bat mitzvah girl are Shabbat candlesticks because it is the duty and honour of the woman to light the candles .
Lake District
Later intrusions have formed individual outcrops of igneous rock in each of these groups . Around the edges of these Ordovician and Silurian rocks on the northern , eastern and southern fringes of the area is a semi-continuous outcrop of Carboniferous Limestone seen most spectacularly at places like Whitbarrow Scar and Scout Scar .
Ryukyuan religion
Performed as the result of the loss ( or potential loss ) of mabui . After being startled , while scared , or even after a sneeze , one says or has recited over him `` Mabuya , mabuya , utikuyou '' or simply `` Mabuya , mabuya '' . One can also regain one 's lost mabui simply by doing what one habitually does : sitting in one 's favorite chair , sleeping in one 's own bed , wearing favorite old clothing , or handling familiar , personal objects . More formally , a special ceremony can be performed by the family 's matriarch at the place of supposed loss of the mabui . First , prayers are addressed to ancestors and household gods at the home , and then the place of supposed loss is visited . A fruit offering , an incense offering , and prayers of thanks are all addressed to ancestors . Then three stones from the place are tied up in clothing worn during the loss , and the matriarch returns home to make an offering of the three stones and a special meal of rice balls to the ancestors .
What's Love Got to Do with It (film)
The marriage quickly turns violent when Ike starts physically dominating her , leaving her no chance to escape . In public , Tina rises from local St. Louis phenomenon into an R&B superstar with Ike growing increasingly jealous of the attention given to her . Ike turns to drugs and his abusive behavior worsens . As Tina seeks solace in her chaotic life , a friend turns her on to Buddhism , eventually convincing her that reciting the Lotus Sutra and chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo will help `` change her life . '' Tina grows increasingly confident afterwards and in a final fight with Ike finally musters the courage to defend herself , eventually leaving Ike after they arrive at a hotel .
Aihole
The Veniyar temples are dated to between the 9th and the 11th century , and represented a breakthrough in experiments by Aihole medieval artists to balance stone weight that the foundation and pillars could support while arranging a functional form , space and light within the temple consistent with the theological ideas . The so - called Temple number 5 of the Veniyar group combined function and form , creating a much taller madhyashala than any previous Aihole temple and a two - storey sanctum temple structure by nesting the stones . A simpler idea but with less fruitful results were tried in the triple Jaina temple found in Aihole village .
Bird nest
In the Victorian era , naturalists often collected bird 's eggs and their nests . The study of bird nests is called caliology .
Who Stole the Cookie from the Cookie Jar?
Sometimes , a clapping or snapping beat is used by the children in the circle . Sometimes , the other children in the group sing along with the `` accuser '' after the `` accused '' has been identified . Some variations on the theme include the use by teachers of the song as a lesson in keeping with a beat and improvisation . As with many children 's songs , there can be many variations on the execution of the performance .
Solomon's Temple
The Hekhal , or Holy Place , ( 1 Kings 8 : 8 -- 10 ) , is also called the `` greater house '' ( 2 Chr. 3 : 5 ) and the `` temple '' ( 1 Kings 6 : 17 ) ; the word also means `` palace '' , was of the same width and height as the Holy of Holies , but 40 cubits in length . Its walls were lined with cedar , on which were carved figures of cherubim , palm - trees , and open flowers , which were overlaid with gold . Chains of gold further marked it off from the Holy of Holies . The floor of the Temple was of fir - wood overlaid with gold . The door - posts , of olive - wood , supported folding - doors of fir . The doors of the Holy of Holies were of olive - wood . On both sets of doors were carved cherubim , palm - trees , and flowers , all being overlaid with gold ( 1 Kings 6 : 15 et seq . ) Etymology
Leucitite
The leucite - hearing dike - rocks are members of the tinguaite and monchiquite groups . The leucite tinguaites are usually pale grey or greenish in color and consist principally of nepheline , alkali feldspar and aegirine . The latter forms bright green moss - like patches and growths of indefinite shape , or in other cases scattered acicular prisms , among the feldspars and nephelines of the ground mass . Where leucite occurs , it is always euhedral in small , equant , many - sided crystals in the ground mass , or in larger masses which have the same characters as the pseudoleucites . Biotite occurs in some of these rocks , and melanite also is present . Nepheline decreases in amount as leucite increases since the abundances of the two reflect the Na : K ratio of the rock . Rocks of this group are known from Rio de Janeiro , Arkansas , Kola Peninsula ( in Russia ) , Montana and a few other places. , In Greenland there are leucite tinguaites with much arfvedsonite , ( hornblende ) and eudialyte . Wherever they occur they accompany leucite - and nepheline syenites . Leucite monchiquites are fine - grained dark rocks consisting of olivine , titaniferous augite and iron oxides , with a glassy ground mass in which small rounded crystals of leucite are scattered . They have been described from Czechoslovakia .
Moai
The more recent moai had pukao on their heads , which represent the topknot of the chieftains . According to local tradition , the mana was preserved in the hair . The pukao were carved out of red scoria , a very light rock from a quarry at Puna Pau . Red itself is considered a sacred color in Polynesia . The added pukao suggest a further status to the moai . Hoa
Moai
Some statues were rock carvings and never intended to be completed . Some were incomplete because , when inclusions were encountered , the carvers would abandon a partial statue and start a new one ( tuff is a soft rock with occasional lumps of much harder rock included in it ) . Some completed statues at Rano Raraku were placed there permanently and not parked temporarily awaiting removal . Some were indeed incomplete when the statue - building era came to an end .
Hair of the dog
In Swedish , drinking alcohol to relieve a hangover is called having an `` återställare '' , which translates roughly to `` restorer '' . In Norwegian , it is usually called `` repareringspils '' , meaning a `` beer to repair '' . In Finnish , it is called `` tasoittava '' ( smoothening ) or `` korjaussarja '' ( repair kit ) and in Czech `` vyprošťovák '' ( extricator ) . In Tanzania , the equivalent Swahili phrase used is `` kuzimua '' which means ' assist to wake up after a coma ' .
The Rite of Spring
Part II has a greater cohesion than its predecessor . Hill describes the music as following an arc stretching from the beginning of the Introduction to the conclusion of the final dance . Woodwind and muted trumpets are prominent throughout the Introduction , which ends with a number of rising cadences on strings and flutes . The transition into the `` Mystic Circles '' is almost imperceptible ; the main theme of the section has been prefigured in the Introduction . A loud repeated chord , which Berger likens to a call to order , announces the moment for choosing the sacrificial victim . The `` Glorification of the Chosen One '' is brief and violent ; in the `` Evocation of the Ancestors '' that follows , short phrases are interspersed with drum rolls . The `` Ritual Action of the Ancestors '' begins quietly , but slowly builds to a series of climaxes before subsiding suddenly into the quiet phrases that began the episode .
Aihole
The second and third temple in the Charanthi matha group face south . These share a common veranda . The temples resemble monastic sanctuaries . A six bay veranda connects to these two , and the doorways have miniature Jinas carved on the lintels . The pillars of these temples are ornately carved , and both are dedicated to the Mahavira .
Reuleaux triangle
Reuleaux triangles have also been called spherical triangles , but that term more properly refers to triangles on the curved surface of a sphere . They are named after Franz Reuleaux , a 19th - century German engineer who pioneered the study of machines for translating one type of motion into another , and who used Reuleaux triangles in his designs . However , these shapes were known before his time , for instance by the designers of Gothic church windows , by Leonardo da Vinci , who used it for a map projection , and by Leonhard Euler in his study of constant - width shapes . Other applications of the Reuleaux triangle include giving the shape to guitar picks , pencils , and drill bits for drilling square holes , as well as in graphic design in the shapes of some signs and corporate logos .
Column
Most classical columns arise from a basis , or base , that rests on the stylobate , or foundation , except for those of the Doric order , which usually rest directly on the stylobate . The basis may consist of several elements , beginning with a wide , square slab known as a plinth . The simplest bases consist of the plinth alone , sometimes separated from the column by a convex circular cushion known as a torus . More elaborate bases include two toruses , separated by a concave section or channel known as a scotia or trochilus . Scotiae could also occur in pairs , separated by a convex section called an astragal , or bead , narrower than a torus . Sometimes these sections were accompanied by still narrower convex sections , known as annulets or fillets .