vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Centipede
The Lithobiomorpha , also known as stone centipedes , represent the other main group of anamorphic centipedes ; they also reach a mature segment count of 15 trunk segments . This group has lost the compound eyes , and sometimes has no eyes altogether . Instead , its eyes have a single ocellus or a group of ocelli . Its spiracles are paired and can be found laterally . Every leg - bearing segment of this organism has a separate tergite , these alternating in length apart from a pair of long tergites on each of segments 7 and 8 . It also has relatively short antennae and legs compared to the Scutigeromorpha . Two families are included , the Henicopidae and Lithobiidae .
Easter Island
Ahu are stone platforms . Varying greatly in layout , many were reworked during or after the huri mo'ai or statue - toppling era ; many became ossuaries ; one was dynamited open ; and Ahu Tongariki was swept inland by a tsunami . Of the 313 known ahu , 125 carried moai -- usually just one , probably because of the shortness of the moai period and transportation difficulties . Ahu Tongariki , one kilometre ( 0.62 miles ) from Rano Raraku , had the most and tallest moai , 15 in total . Other notable ahu with moai are Ahu Akivi , restored in 1960 by William Mulloy , Nau Nau at Anakena and Tahai . Some moai may have been made from wood and were lost .
The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)
In the Faroe Islands , there is a comparable counting Christmas song . The gifts include : one feather , two geese , three sides of meat , four sheep , five cows , six oxen , seven dishes , eight ponies , nine banners , ten barrels , eleven goats , twelve men , thirteen hides , fourteen rounds of cheese and fifteen deer . These were illustrated in 1994 by local cartoonist Óli Petersen ( born 1936 ) on a series of two stamps issued by the Faroese Philatelic Office . France
Holy Chalice
The cup is made of dark red agate which is mounted by means of a knobbed stem and two curved handles onto a base made from an inverted cup of chalcedony . The agate cup is about 9 centimeters ( 3.5 inches ) in diameter and the total height , including base , is about 17 centimetres ( 7 inches ) high . The lower part has Arabic inscriptions . It was most likely produced in a Palestinian or Egyptian workshop between the 4th century BC and the 1st century AD .
Apothecaries' system
Sicilian variant Libra Uncia Drachma Scrupulum Grana 1 Lb . 12 Unc . 120 Dr . 360 Scr . 7,200 Gr . 1 Unc . 10 Dr . 30 Scr . 600 Gr . 1 Dr . 3 Scr . 60 Gr . 1 Scr . 20 Gr . 360 g 30 g 3 g 1 g 50 mg
Glory (religion)
In Islamic belief , God has 99 names , and in some Islamic traditions it is believed that there is a special hidden 100th name which is the greatest .
Shofar
According to the Sephardic tradition , a full 101 blasts are sounded , corresponding to the 100 cries of the mother of Sisera , the captain of Jabin 's army who did not return home after being killed by Yael ( Judges 5 : 28 ) . One cry is added to symbolize the legitimate love of a mother mourning her son .
Çatalhöyük
Whereas Mellaart excavated nearly two hundred buildings in four seasons , the current excavator , Ian Hodder , spent an entire season excavating one building alone . Hodder and his team , in 2004 and 2005 , began to believe that the patterns suggested by Mellaart were false . They found one similar figurine , but the vast majority did not imitate the Mother Goddess style that Mellaart suggested . Instead of a Mother Goddess culture , Hodder points out that the site gives little indication of a matriarchy or patriarchy .
Thar Desert
According to 1980 housing census in Pakistan , there were 241,326 housing units of one or two very small rooms . The degree of crowding was six persons per housing unit and three persons per room . For most of the housing units ( approximately 76 per cent ) , the main construction material of outer walls is unbaked bricks whereas wood is used in 10 per cent and baked bricks or stones with mud bonding in 8 per cent housing units . A large number of families still live in jhugis or huts which are housing units formed with straws and thin wood - sticks . These jhugis are susceptible to damage from the occasional high winds . But the poverty leaves no other option to these jhugiwalas ( people living in jhugis ) .
Great Pyramid of Giza
28.2 metres ( 93 ft ) from the entrance is a square hole in the roof of the Descending Passage . Originally concealed with a slab of stone , this is the beginning of the Ascending Passage . The Ascending Passage is 39.3 metres ( 129 ft ) long , as wide and high as the Descending Passage and slopes up at almost precisely the same angle to reach the Grand Gallery . The lower end of the Ascending Passage is closed by three huge blocks of granite , each about 1.5 metres ( 4.9 ft ) long . One must use the Robbers ' Tunnel ( see below ) to access the Ascending Passage . At the start of the Grand Gallery on the right - hand side there is a hole cut in the wall . This is the start of a vertical shaft which follows an irregular path through the masonry of the pyramid to join the Descending Passage . Also at the start of the Grand Gallery there is the Horizontal Passage leading to the `` Queen 's Chamber '' . The passage is 1.1 m ( 3'8 `` ) high for most of its length , but near the chamber there is a step in the floor , after which the passage is 1.73 metres ( 5.7 ft ) high .
One Thousand and One Nights
Texts of the Egyptian tradition emerge later and contain many more tales of much more varied content ; a much larger number of originally independent tales have been incorporated into the collection over the centuries , most of them after the Galland manuscript was written , and were being included as late as in the 18th and 19th centuries , perhaps in order to attain the eponymous number of 1001 nights . The final product of this tradition , the so - called Zotenberg Egyptian Recension , does contain 1001 nights and is reflected in print , with slight variations , by the editions known as the Bulaq ( 1835 ) and the Macnaghten or Calcutta II ( 1839 -- 1842 ) .
Drinking establishment
There are approximately 53,500 public houses in the United Kingdom . In many places , especially in villages , a pub can be the focal point of the community , so there is concern that more pubs are closing down than new ones opening .
Lumbar vertebrae
Most individuals have five lumbar vertebrae , while some have four or six . Lumbar disorders that normally affect L5 will affect L4 or L6 in these latter individuals .
Maldives
The number of resorts increased from 2 to 92 between 1972 and 2007 . As of 2007 , over 8,380,000 tourists had visited Maldives .
Stone Mountain
The education department is host to thousands of students each school year , teaching the subjects of geology , ecology , and history . Classes are designed to meet the Georgia Performance Standards and the North American Association for Environmental Education guidelines .
Curling
The winner is the team having the highest number of accumulated points at the completion of ten ends . Points are scored at the conclusion of each of these ends as follows : when each team has thrown its eight stones , the team with the stone closest to the button wins that end ; the winning team is then awarded one point for each of its own stones lying closer to the button than the opponent 's closest stone .
United Kingdom
The fourteen British Overseas Territories are : Anguilla ; Bermuda ; the British Antarctic Territory ; the British Indian Ocean Territory ; the British Virgin Islands ; the Cayman Islands ; the Falkland Islands ; Gibraltar ; Montserrat ; Saint Helena , Ascension and Tristan da Cunha ; the Turks and Caicos Islands ; the Pitcairn Islands ; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ; and Akrotiri and Dhekelia on the island of Cyprus . British claims in Antarctica are not universally recognised . Collectively Britain 's overseas territories encompass an approximate land area of 1,727,570 square kilometres ( 667,018 sq mi ) and a population of approximately 260,000 people .
History of democracy
An analysis by the U.S. Government funded Freedom House shows that there was not a single liberal democracy with universal suffrage in the world in 1900 , but that in 2000 , 120 of the world 's 192 nations , or 62 % were such democracies . They count 25 nations , or 13 % of the world 's nations with `` restricted democratic practices '' in 1900 and 16 , or 8 % of the world 's nations today . They counted 19 constitutional monarchies in 1900 , forming 14 % of the world 's nations , where a constitution limited the powers of the monarch , and with some power devolved to elected legislatures , and none in the present . Other nations had , and have , various forms of non-democratic rule . While the specifics may be open to debate ( for example , New Zealand actually enacted universal suffrage in 1893 , but is discounted due to a lack of complete sovereignty and certain restrictions on the Māori vote ) , the numbers are indicative of the expansion of democracy during the twentieth century .
Mental calculation
The resulting number is 0330 . ( This is not the final answer , but a first approximation which will be adjusted in the following step :) C.
Metallurgy during the Copper Age in Europe
The mines were exploited in extremely efficient and clever ways , according to the technology available ( Jovanovic 1980 , Craddock 1995 , Timberlake 2003 ) . The entire convenient mineral was collected and the abandoned shafts carefully refilled with gangue and rocks ( Mohen 1992 ; 85 ) . For example , at Mount Gabriel , it was estimated that they extracted the astonishing number of 32,570.15 tonnes ( 35,902.44 tons ) of rock , gangue and ore . The usable amount of copper was 162.85 tonnes and the final smelting finished metal was 146.56 tonnes ( Jackson 1980 ; 24 ) . The entire process was thoroughly described in 1744 by Lewis Morris , Crown Mineral Agent for Cardiganshire , and , incidentally , antiquarian ( Timberlake , 2003 , 22 ) :
Yahoo! Answers
In 2009 , Yahoo ! Answers staff claimed 200 million users worldwide and 15 million users visiting daily . Google Trends has reported around 4 million unique visitors ( Global ) daily . In January 2010 , the web analytics website Quantcast reported 24 million active users ( US ) per month ; in November 2015 , that had fallen by 77 % to 5.6 million . Quantcast traffic statistics for Yahoo ! Answers , January 2010 :
Curling
The weight of the stone is its velocity , which depends on the leg drive of the delivery rather than the arm . The turn or curl is the rotation of the stone , which gives it a curved trajectory . The line is the direction of the throw ignoring the effect of the turn .
Bird nest
The base of the horned coot 's enormous nest is a mound built of stones , gathered one at a time by the pair , using their beaks . These stones , which may weigh as much as 450 g ( about a pound ) each , are dropped into the shallow water of a lake , making a cone - shaped pile which can measure as much as 4 m ( 43 sq ft ) at the bottom and 1 m ( 11 sq ft ) at the top , and 0.6 m ( 2.0 ft ) in height . The total combined weight of the mound 's stones may approach 1.5 tons ( 1,400 kg ) . Once the mound has been completed , a sizable platform of aquatic vegetation is constructed on top . The entire structure is typically reused for many years .
Mass number
Different types of radioactive decay are characterized by their changes in mass number as well as atomic number , according to the radioactive displacement law of Fajans and Soddy . For example , uranium - 238 usually decays by alpha decay , where the nucleus loses two neutrons and two protons in the form of an alpha particle . Thus the atomic number and the number of neutrons each decrease by 2 ( Z : 92 → 90 , N : 146 → 144 ) , so that the mass number decreases by 4 ( A = 238 → 234 ) ; the result is an atom of thorium - 234 and an alpha particle ( He ) :
Maya calendar
Less - prevalent or poorly understood cycles , combinations and calendar progressions were also tracked . An 819 - day Count is attested in a few inscriptions . Repeating sets of 9 days ( see below `` Nine lords of the night '' ) associated with different groups of deities , animals and other significant concepts are also known .
Internal Revenue Service
Type of Return Number of Returns Gross Collections to the nearest million US $ Individual Income Tax 141,166,805 1,163,688 Employment Taxes 29,493,234 824,188 Corporate Income Tax 2,355,803 277,937 Excise Taxes 836,793 47,190 Gift Tax 286,522 2,820 Estate Tax 28,780 16,931 Total 174,405,682 2,332,754 New
Colombian emeralds
Emeralds are green precious gemstones that are mined in various geological settings . They are minerals in the beryl group of silicates . For more than 4,000 years , emeralds have been among the most valuable of all jewels on Earth . Colombia , located on the continent of South America , is the country that mines and produces the most emeralds for the global market . It is estimated that Colombia accounts for 70 - 90 % of the world 's emerald market . While commercial grade emeralds are quite plentiful , fine and extra fine quality emeralds are extremely rare . Colombian emeralds over 50 carat can cost much more than diamonds of the same size .
Collagen
So far , 28 types of collagen have been identified and described . They can be divided into several groups according to the structure they form :
Black Hills
The ' bulls eye ' of this target is called the granite core . The granite of the Black Hills was emplaced by magma generated during the Trans - Hudson orogeny and contains abundant pegmatite . The core of the Black Hills has been dated to 1.8 billion years . There are other localized deposits that have been dated to around 2.2 to 2.8 billion years . One of these is located in the northern hills . It is called French Creek Granite although it has been metamorphosed into gneiss . The other is called the Bear Mountain complex , and it is located in the west central part of the hills . The
Diamond
As of 2010 , nearly all 5,000 million carats ( 1,000 tonnes ) of synthetic diamonds produced per year are for industrial use . Around 50 % of the 133 million carats of natural diamonds mined per year end up in industrial use . Mining companies ' expenses average $40 to $60 per carat for natural colorless diamonds , while synthetic manufacturers ' expenses average $2,500 per carat for synthetic , gem - quality colorless diamonds . However , a purchaser is more likely to encounter a synthetic when looking for a fancy - colored diamond because nearly all synthetic diamonds are fancy - colored , while only 0.01 % of natural diamonds are .
Haiku
In comparison with English verse typically characterized by syllabic meter , Japanese verse counts sound units known as `` on '' or morae . Traditional haiku consist of 17 on , in three phrases of five , seven and five on respectively . Among contemporary poems teikei ( 定型 fixed form ) haiku continue to use the 5 - 7 - 5 pattern while jiyuritsu ( 自由 律 free form ) haiku do not . One of the examples below illustrates that traditional haiku masters were not always constrained by the 5 - 7 - 5 pattern .
Venus
Much of the Venusian surface appears to have been shaped by volcanic activity . Venus has several times as many volcanoes as Earth , and it has 167 large volcanoes that are over 100 km ( 62 mi ) across . The only volcanic complex of this size on Earth is the Big Island of Hawaii . This is not because Venus is more volcanically active than Earth , but because its crust is older . Earth 's oceanic crust is continually recycled by subduction at the boundaries of tectonic plates , and has an average age of about 100 million years , whereas the Venusian surface is estimated to be 300 -- 600 million years old .
Easter Island
Only a quarter of the statues were installed . Nearly half remained in the quarry at Rano Raraku , and the rest sat elsewhere , presumably on their way to intended locations . The largest moai raised on a platform is known as `` Paro '' . It weighs 82 tonnes ( 90.4 short tons ) , and is 9.89 m ( 32.4 ft ) long . Several other statues of similar weight were transported to ahu on the north and south coasts .
Mesolithic
The rock art in the Urals appears to show similar changes after the Paleolithic , and the wooden Shigir Idol is a rare survival of what may well have been a very common material for sculpture . It is a plank of larch carved with geometric motifs , but topped with a human head . Now in fragments , it would apparently have been over 5 metres tall when made . The Ain Sakhri Lovers from modern Israel , are a Natufian carving in calcite .
Gold standard
An estimated total of 174,100 tonnes of gold have been mined in human history , according to GFMS as of 2012 . This is roughly equivalent to 5.6 billion troy ounces or , in terms of volume , about 9,261 cubic metres ( 327,000 cu ft ) , or a cube 21 metres ( 69 ft ) on a side . There are varying estimates of the total volume of gold mined . One reason for the variance is that gold has been mined for thousands of years . Another reason is that some nations are not particularly open about how much gold is being mined . In addition , it is difficult to account for the gold output in illegal mining activities .
Shofar
The word teruah ( a broken sound ) appears three times in the Bible in the context of the shofar , from which the Talmud derives the rule that three such sounds must be made . In addition , other verses connect the word tekiah ( an unbroken sound ) to teruah twice , thus leading the Talmud to rule that each teruah must be preceded and followed by a tekiah , leading to a total of nine blasts ( tekiah - teruah - tekiah three times ) .
Qing dynasty
The Qianlong Emperor launched several ambitious cultural projects , including the compilation of the Siku Quanshu , or Complete Repository of the Four Branches of Literature . With a total of over 3,400 books , 79,000 chapters , and 36,304 volumes , the Siku Quanshu is the largest collection of books in Chinese history . Nevertheless , Qianlong used Literary Inquisition to silence opposition . The accusation of individuals began with the emperor 's own interpretation of the true meaning of the corresponding words . If the emperor decided these were derogatory or cynical towards the dynasty , persecution would begin . Literary inquisition began with isolated cases at the time of Shunzhi and Kangxi , but became a pattern under Qianlong 's rule , during which there were 53 cases of literary persecution .
Stone Mountain
Stone Mountain is more than 5 miles ( 8 km ) in circumference at its base . The summit of the mountain can be reached by a walk - up trail on the west side of the mountain or by the Skyride aerial tram .
Chicxulub crater
It was announced in November 2016 that pink granite , usually found deep in the Earth 's crust , had been found in drilling samples . It suggests the impact was so great it shocked rocks deep in the crust , causing them to shoot up before falling back down to produce the peak rings . The granite samples were also found to be lighter and weaker than normal granite .
Earth
The most common rock constituents of the crust are nearly all oxides : chlorine , sulfur , and fluorine are the important exceptions to this and their total amount in any rock is usually much less than 1 % . Over 99 % of the crust is composed of 11 oxides , principally silica , alumina , iron oxides , lime , magnesia , potash , and soda .
Recycling
Fiscal efficiency is separate from economic efficiency . Economic analysis of recycling does not include what economists call externalities , which are unpriced costs and benefits that accrue to individuals outside of private transactions . Examples include : decreased air pollution and greenhouse gases from incineration , reduced hazardous waste leaching from landfills , reduced energy consumption , and reduced waste and resource consumption , which leads to a reduction in environmentally damaging mining and timber activity . About 4,000 minerals are known , of these only a few hundred minerals in the world are relatively common . Known reserves of phosphorus will be exhausted within the next 100 years at current rates of usage . Without mechanisms such as taxes or subsidies to internalize externalities , businesses may ignore them despite the costs imposed on society . To make such nonfiscal benefits economically relevant , advocates have pushed for legislative action to increase the demand for recycled materials . The United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) has concluded in favor of recycling , saying that recycling efforts reduced the country 's carbon emissions by a net 49 million metric tonnes in 2005 . In the United Kingdom , the Waste and Resources Action Programme stated that Great Britain 's recycling efforts reduce CO emissions by 10 -- 15 million tonnes a year . Recycling is more efficient in densely populated areas , as there are economies of scale involved . Wrecked
Biafra
It is estimated that a total of £ 115 -- 140 million Biafran pounds were in circulation by the end of the conflict , with a population of about 14 million , approximately £ 10 per person . In uncirculated condition these are very inexpensive and readily available for collectors .
Holy Chalice
One surviving Holy Chalice vessel is the santo cáliz , an agate cup in the Cathedral of Valencia . It is preserved in a chapel consecrated to it , where it still attracts the faithful on pilgrimage . The artifact has seemingly never been accredited with any supernatural powers .
Hard disk drive
The gross capacity of older HDDs is calculated as the product of the number of cylinders per recording zone , the number of bytes per sector ( most commonly 512 ) , and the count of zones of the drive . Some modern SATA drives also report cylinder - head - sector ( CHS ) capacities , but these are not physical parameters because the reported values are constrained by historic operating system interfaces . The C / H / S scheme has been replaced by logical block addressing ( LBA ) , a simple linear addressing scheme that locates blocks by an integer index , which starts at LBA 0 for the first block and increments thereafter . When using the C / H / S method to describe modern large drives , the number of heads is often set to 64 , although a typical hard disk drive , as of 2013 , has between one and four platters .
Golf ball
Most golf balls on sale today have about 250 -- 450 dimples , though there have been balls with more than 1000 dimples . The record holder was a ball with 1,070 dimples -- 414 larger ones ( in four different sizes ) and 656 pinhead - sized ones .
Freedom of religion in the United States
In the United States of America and several other countries , the legal struggles of the Jehovah 's Witnesses have yielded some of the most important judicial decisions regarding freedom of religion , press and speech . In the United States , many Supreme Court cases involving Jehovah 's Witnesses are now landmark decisions of First Amendment law . Of the 72 cases involving the Jehovah 's Witnesses that have been brought before the U.S. Supreme Court , the Court has ruled in favor of them 47 times . Even the cases that the Jehovah 's Witnesses lost helped the U.S. to more clearly define the limits of First Amendment rights . Former Supreme Court Justice Harlan Stone jokingly suggested `` The Jehovah 's Witnesses ought to have an endowment in view of the aid which they give in solving the legal problems of civil liberties . '' `` Like it or not , '' observed American author and editor Irving Dilliard , `` Jehovah 's Witnesses have done more to help preserve our freedoms than any other religious group . ''
Large denominations of United States currency
The Federal Reserve began taking high - denomination currency out of circulation ( destroying large bills received by banks ) in 1969 . As of May 30 , 2009 , only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist ; 342 remaining $5,000 bills ; and 165,372 remaining $1,000 bills . Due to their rarity , collectors often pay considerably more than the face value of the bills to acquire them . Some are in museums in other parts of the world .