vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Burning of Washington
There was a movement in Congress to relocate the capital after the burning . Congressmen from the North pushed for relocation to Philadelphia or other prominent northern cities , while Southern congressmen claimed that moving the capital would degrade the American sense of dignity and strength ( however many southern congressmen simply did not want to move the capital north of the Mason -- Dixon line ) . On September 21 , 1814 , the House of Representatives voted to strike down a proposal to relocate the capital from Washington , D.C. by a margin of 83 to 54 . On February 3 , 1815 , in an effort to guarantee that the federal government would always remain in the area , Washington property owners funded the building of the Old Brick Capitol , a larger meeting space where the Supreme Court now stands . Construction of the Old Brick Capitol cost $25,000 and was funded primarily through the sale of stocks . The largest donor was Daniel Carroll of Duddington , a rich English property owner in the area . Construction began on July 4 , 1814 , and concluded in December 1815 . Congress met in the Old Brick Capitol between December 1815 and December 1819 , when the Capitol reopened .
Favela
Urbanization in the 1950s provoked mass migration from the countryside to the cities throughout Brazil by those hoping to take advantage of the economic opportunities urban life provided . Those who moved to Rio de Janeiro , however , chose an inopportune time . The change of Brazil 's capital from Rio to Brasília in 1960 marked a slow but steady decline for the former , as industry and employment options began to dry up . Unable to find work , and therefore unable to afford housing within the city limits , these new migrants remained in the favelas . Despite their proximity to urban Rio de Janeiro , the city did not extend sanitation , electricity , or other services to the favelas . They soon became associated with extreme poverty and were considered a headache to many citizens and politicians within Rio . In the 1970s , Brazil 's military dictatorship pioneered a favela eradication policy , which forced the displacement of hundreds of thousands of residents . During Carlos Lacerda 's administration , many were moved to public housing projects such as Cidade de Deus ( `` City of God '' ) , later popularized in a wildly popular feature film of the same name . Poor public planning and insufficient investment by the government led to the disintegration of these projects into new favelas . By the 1980s , worries about eviction and eradication were beginning to give way to violence associated with the burgeoning drug trade . Changing routes of production and consumption meant that Rio de Janeiro found itself as a transit point for cocaine destined for Europe . Although drugs brought in money , they also accompanied the rise of the small arms trade and of gangs competing for dominance .
Operation Barbarossa
Beginning in March 1941 , Göring 's Green Folder laid out details for the disposal of the Soviet economy after conquest . The Hunger Plan outlined how the entire urban population of conquered territories was to be starved to death , thus creating an agricultural surplus to feed Germany and urban space for the German upper class . Nazi policy aimed to destroy the Soviet Union as a political entity in accordance with the geopolitical Lebensraum ideals for the benefit of future generations of the `` Nordic master race '' . In 1941 , Nazi ideologue Alfred Rosenberg , later appointed Reich Minister of the Occupied Eastern Territories , suggested that conquered Soviet territory should be administered in the following Reichskommissariate ( `` Reich Commissionerships '' ) :
Favela
Community policing was at the cornerstone of public policy during the early 2000s and its combination with participatory planning characterised the most recent rounds of state policy . Seeking to build on ' Favela - Bairro ' , the informally coined ' Favela Chic ' program was aimed at bringing favelas into the formal social fabric of the city while simultaneously empowering favelados to act as key agents in their communities ( Navarro - Sertich 2011 ) . However , media outlets have been critical of this change in policy and believe its only reflective of the government 's concerns of the large media attention Rio attracted during the 2014 FIFA World Cup ( McLoughlin 2011 ) and the 2016 Olympic Games ( Griffin 2016 ) . Anthony ( 2013 ) was equally as critical of the policy and said that while rhetoric asserted the government 's best intention , the reality was more in line with aggressive policies of the past . He points to the announcement in 2010 from Rio 's Mayor Eduardo Paes concerning the removal of two inner - city favelas , Morro de Prazeres and Laboriaux , and the forced relocation of its residents .
Local government in the United States
Local government in Connecticut Administrative divisions of Massachusetts Local government in New Hampshire Local government in New Jersey Local government in New Mexico Administrative divisions of New York Administrative divisions of Wisconsin
Afghanistan
In late 1994 , forces of Ahmad Shah Massoud held on to Kabul . Rabbani 's government took steps to reopen courts , restore law and order , and initiate a nationwide political process with the goal of national consolidation and democratic elections . Massoud invited Taliban leaders to join the process but they refused .
Warsaw
As the capital of Poland , Warsaw is the political centre of the country . All state agencies are located there , including the Polish Parliament , the Presidential Office and the Supreme Court . In the Polish parliament the city and the area are represented by 31 MPs ( out of 460 ) . Additionally , Warsaw elects two MEPs ( Members of the European Parliament ) .
Sanctuary city
In the United Kingdom , sanctuary cities provide services -- such as housing , education , and cultural integration -- to asylum seekers ( i.e. persons fleeing one country and seeking protection in another ) . The movement began in Sheffield in the north of England in 2005 . It was motivated by a national policy adopted in 1999 to disperse asylum seekers to different towns and cities in the UK . In 2009 , the city council of Sheffield drew up a manifesto outlining key areas of concern and 100 supporting organizations signed on .
Civilian Conservation Corps
In 1939 Congress ended the independent status of the CCC , transferring it to the control of the Federal Security Agency . The National Youth Administration , U.S. Employment Service , the Office of Education , and the Works Progress Administration also had some responsibilities . About 5,000 Reserve officers for the camps were affected , as they were transferred to federal Civil Service , and military ranks and titles were eliminated . Despite the loss of overt military leadership in the camps by July 1940 , with war underway in Europe and Asia , the government directed an increasing number of CCC projects on resources for national defense . It developed infrastructure for military training facilities and forest protection . By 1940 the CCC was no longer wholly a relief agency , was rapidly losing its non-military character , and it was becoming a system for work - training , as its ranks had become increasingly younger , with little experience .
Axis powers
The Danish protectorate government lasted until 29 August 1943 , when the cabinet resigned after the regularly scheduled and largely free election concluding the Folketing 's current term . The Germans imposed martial law , and Danish collaboration continued on an administrative level , with the Danish bureaucracy functioning under German command . The Danish navy scuttled 32 of its larger ships ; Germany seized 64 ships and later raised and refitted 15 of the sunken vessels . 13 warships escaped to Sweden and formed a Danish naval flotilla in exile . Sweden allowed formation of a Danish military brigade in exile ; it did not see combat . The resistance movement was active in sabotage and issuing underground newspapers and blacklists of collaborators .
Afghanistan
From 1989 until 1992 , Najibullah 's government tried to solve the ongoing civil war with economic and military aid , but without Soviet troops on the ground . Pakistan 's spy agency ( ISI ) , headed by Hamid Gul at the time , was interested in a trans - national Islamic revolution which would cover Pakistan , Afghanistan and Central Asia . For this purpose Pakistan masterminded an attack on Jalalabad for the Mujahideen to establish their own government in Afghanistan . Najibullah tried to build support for his government by portraying his government as Islamic , and in the 1990 constitution the country officially became an Islamic state and all references of communism were removed . Nevertheless , Najibullah did not win any significant support , and with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 , he was left without foreign aid . This , coupled with the internal collapse of his government , led to his ousting from power in April 1992 . After the fall of Najibullah 's government in 1992 , the post-communist Islamic State of Afghanistan was established by the Peshawar Accord , a peace and power - sharing agreement under which all the Afghan parties were united in April 1992 , except for the Pakistani supported Hezb - e Islami of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar . Hekmatyar started a bombardment campaign against the capital city Kabul , which marked the beginning of a new phase in the war .
History of the United States Merchant Marine
In 1960 , after an internal reorganization of MEBA , American Maritime Officers became known as `` District 2 MEBA . '' In 1961 , the Federal Maritime Board regulatory functions were assumed by the newly created Federal Maritime Commission , while the subsidy functions were assigned to the Maritime Subsidy Board of the Maritime Administration . During the Berlin crisis of 1961 , 18 National Defense Reserve Fleet vessels were activated , which remained in service until 1970 . The Vietnam War required the activation of 172 NDRF vessels . Vietnam
One man, one vote
The City of London had never expanded its boundaries and , with many residential dwellings being replaced by businesses , and the destruction of The Blitz , after the Second World War the financial district had barely five thousand residents altogether . The system of plural voting was retained for electing the City of London Corporation , with some modifications .
Transport in London
The London Transport name continued in use until 2000 , although the political management of transport services changed several times . The LPTB oversaw transport from 1933 to 1947 until it was re-organised into the London Transport Executive ( 1948 to 1962 ) . Responsibility for London Transport was subsequently taken over to the London Transport Board ( 1963 to 1969 ) , the Greater London Council ( 1970 to 1984 ) and London Regional Transport ( 1984 to 2000 ) . Following the privatisation of London bus services in 1986 , bus services were spun off to a separate operation based on competitive tendering , London Buses . In 2000 , as part of the formation of the new Greater London Authority , responsibility for London transport was taken over by a new transport authority , Transport for London ( TfL ) , which is the publicly owned transport corporation for the London region today .
Ojibwe
During its Indian Removal of the 1830s , the US government attempted to relocate tribes from the east to the west of the Mississippi River as the white pioneers increasingly migrated west . By the late 19th century , the government policy was to move tribes onto reservations within their territories . The government attempted to do this to the Anishinaabe in the Keweenaw Peninsula in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan .
Senate
In Germany , the last Senate of a State parliament , the Senate of Bavaria , was abolished in 1999 .
Flint water crisis
Four government officials -- one from the city of Flint , two from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality ( MDEQ ) , and one from the Environmental Protection Agency -- resigned over the mishandling of the crisis , and one additional MDEQ staff member was fired . There have also been thirteen criminal cases filed against local and state officials in regards to the crisis .
History of rail transport in the United States
In 1995 , when most of the ICC 's powers had been eliminated , Congress finally abolished the agency and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency , the Surface Transportation Board .
Bauhaus
The changes of venue and leadership resulted in a constant shifting of focus , technique , instructors , and politics . For example , the pottery shop was discontinued when the school moved from Weimar to Dessau , even though it had been an important revenue source ; when Mies van der Rohe took over the school in 1930 , he transformed it into a private school , and would not allow any supporters of Hannes Meyer to attend it .
Warsaw
Exceptional examples of the bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities after the war ( like the previously mentioned Kronenberg Palace and insurance company Rosja building ) or they were rebuilt in socialist realism style ( like Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier in Paris ) . Despite that , the Warsaw University of Technology building ( 1899 -- 1902 ) is the most interesting of the late 19th - century architecture . Some 19th - century buildings in the Praga district ( the Vistula 's right bank ) have been restored although many have been poorly maintained . Warsaw 's municipal government authorities have decided to rebuild the Saxon Palace and the Brühl Palace , the most distinctive buildings in prewar Warsaw .
Wellington
Wellington is New Zealand 's political centre , housing Parliament , the head offices of all Government Ministries and Departments and the bulk of the foreign diplomatic missions . It is an important centre of the film and theatre industry , and second to Auckland in terms of numbers of screen industry businesses . Te Papa Tongarewa ( the Museum of New Zealand ) , the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra , the Royal New Zealand Ballet , Wellington Museum and the biennial New Zealand International Arts Festival are all sited there . New
Prague
Prague was the location of U.S. President Barack Obama 's speech on 5 April 2009 , which led to the New START treaty with Russia , signed in Prague on 8 April 2010 .
Bauhaus
The White City of Tel Aviv ( Hebrew : העיר הלבנה ‎ , Ha - Ir HaLevana ) refers to a collection of over 4,000 Bauhaus or International style buildings built in Tel Aviv from the 1930s by German Jewish architects who emigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine after the rise of the Nazis . Tel Aviv has the largest number of buildings in this style of any city in the world . In 2003 , the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) proclaimed Tel Aviv 's White City a World Cultural Heritage site , as `` an outstanding example of new town planning and architecture in the early 20th century . ''
Mexico City
Astana , Kazakhstan Berlin , Germany Chicago , United States Cusco , Peru Kaliningrad , Russia Kiev , Ukraine Los Angeles , United States Manila , Philippines Nagoya , Japan Paris , France Seoul , South Korea
Thirteen Colonies
The three forms of colonial government in 1776 were provincial ( royal colony ) , proprietary , and charter . These governments were all subordinate to the King of England with no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain . The administration of all British colonies was overseen by the Board of Trade in London beginning late in the 17th century .
Nairobi
Nairobi is the regional headquarters of several international companies and organisations . In 2007 , General Electric , Young & Rubicam , Google , Coca - Cola , IBM Services , Airtel , and Cisco Systems relocated their African headquarters to the city . The United Nations Office at Nairobi hosts UN Environment and UN-Habitat headquarters .
Axis powers
The Military Administration in Serbia was established on occupied Yugoslav territory in April 1941 , following the invasion of the country . On 30 April a pro-German Serbian administration was formed under Milan Aćimović to serve as a civil administration in the military occupation zone . A joint Partisan and Chetnik uprising in late 1941 became a serious concern for the Germans , as most of their forces were deployed to Russia ; only three divisions were in the country . On 13 August 546 Serbs , including some of the country 's prominent and influential leaders , issued an appeal to the Serbian nation that condemned the Partisan and royalist resistance as unpatriotic . Two weeks after the appeal , with the Partisan and royalist insurgency beginning to gain momentum , 75 prominent Serbs convened a meeting in Belgrade and formed a Government of National Salvation under Serbian General Milan Nedić to replace the existing Serbian administration . The Germans were short of police and military forces in Serbia , and came to rely on poorly armed Serbian formations , the Serbian State Guard and Serbian Volunteer Corps , to maintain order . These forces , however , were not able to contain the resistance , and for the most of the war large parts of Serbia were under control of the Partisans or Chetniks ( the two resistance movements soon became mutually - hostile ) . The Government of National Salvation , imbued with few powers upon formation , saw its functions further decreased and taken over by the Wehrmacht occupation authorities as the war progressed . After the initial mass revolts , the German authorities instituted an extreme regime of reprisals , proclaiming that 100 civilians would be executed for every German soldier killed , and 50 for each one wounded . These measures were actually implemented on more than one occasion : large - scale shootings took place in the Serbian towns of Kraljevo and Kragujevac during October 1941 .
History of Newfoundland and Labrador
After ICBMs replaced the bomber threat in the late 1950s , the American Air Force bases closed by the early 1960s and Naval Station Argentia in the 1980s . In 1959 , a local controversy arose when the provincial government pressured the Moravian Church to abandon its mission station at Hebron , Labrador , resulting in the relocation southward of the area 's Inuit population , who had lived there since the mission was established in 1831 .
Erwin Rommel
On 23 July 1943 Rommel was moved to Greece as commander of Army Group E to counter a possible British invasion of the Greek coast . He arrived in Greece on 25 July but was recalled to Berlin the same date due to the overthrow of Mussolini . Rommel was to be posted to Italy as commander of the newly formed Army Group B. On 16 August 1943 Rommel 's headquarters moved to Lake Garda in northern Italy and formally assumed command of the army group , which consisted of the 44th Infantry Division , the 26th Panzer Division and the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler . When Italy announced armistice with the Allies on 8 September , his forces took part in Operation Achse , disarming the Italian forces .
Warsaw
After World War II , under a Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets , the `` Bricks for Warsaw '' campaign was initiated , and large prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage , along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city , such as the Palace of Culture and Science , a gift from the Soviet Union . The city resumed its role as the capital of Poland and the country 's centre of political and economic life . Many of the historic streets , buildings , and churches were restored to their original form . In 1980 , Warsaw 's historic Old Town was inscribed onto UNESCO 's World Heritage list .
Public administration
During the 1950s , the United States experienced prolonged prosperity and solidified its place as a world leader . Public Administration experienced a kind of heyday due to the successful war effort and successful post war reconstruction in Western Europe and Japan . Government was popular as was President Eisenhower . In the 1960s and 1970s , government itself came under fire as ineffective , inefficient , and largely a wasted effort . The costly American intervention in Vietnam along with domestic scandals including the bugging of Democratic party headquarters ( the 1974 Watergate scandal ) are two examples of self - destructive government behaviour that alienated citizens . The
Mexico City
For administrative purposes , the Federal District is divided into 16 `` delegaciones '' , or boroughs . While they are not fully equivalent to municipalities , the boroughs have gained significant autonomy , and since 2000 , their heads of government have been elected directly by plurality ( they had been appointed by the head of government of the Federal District ) . Since Mexico City is organized entirely as a Federal District , most of the city services are provided or organized by the Government of the Federal District , not by the boroughs themselves ; in the constituent states , such services would be provided by the municipalities . The boroughs of Mexico City with their 2010 populations are :
Dada
The groups in Germany were not as strongly anti-art as other groups . Their activity and art were more political and social , with corrosive manifestos and propaganda , satire , public demonstrations and overt political activities . The intensely political and war - torn environment of Berlin had a dramatic impact on the ideas of Berlin Dadaists . Conversely , New York 's geographic distance from the war spawned its more theoretically - driven , less political nature .
Axis powers
Reichskommissariat Norwegen was established in Norway in 1940 . Like the Reichskommissariats in Belgium and the Netherlands , its Germanic peoples were to be incorporated into the Greater Germanic Reich . In Norway , the Quisling regime , headed by Vidkun Quisling , was installed by the Germans as a client regime during the occupation , while king Haakon VII and the legal government were in exile . Quisling encouraged Norwegians to serve as volunteers in the Waffen - SS , collaborated in the deportation of Jews , and was responsible for the executions of members of the Norwegian resistance movement .
Urban renewal
In 1956 , the Federal - Aid Highway Act gave state and federal government complete control over new highways , and often they were routed directly through vibrant urban neighborhoods -- isolating or destroying many -- since the focus of the program was to bring traffic in and out of the central cores of cities as expeditiously as possible and nine out of every ten dollars spent came from the federal government . This resulted in a serious degradation of the tax bases of many cities , isolated entire neighborhoods , and meant that existing commercial districts were bypassed by the majority of commuters . Segregation continued to increase as communities were displaced and many African Americans and Latinos were forced to move into public housing while some whites moved to the suburbs .
Florida Keys
Following the Cuban Revolution , many Cubans fled to South Florida . Key West traditionally had strong links with its neighbor ninety miles south by water , and large numbers of Cubans settled there . The Keys still attract Cubans leaving their home country , and stories of `` rafters '' coming ashore are not uncommon .
Canada–United States relations
Canada 's chief diplomatic mission to the United States is the Canadian Embassy in Washington , D.C. . It is further supported by many consulates located through United States . The Canadian Government maintains consulates - general in several major U.S. cities including : Atlanta , Boston , Chicago , Dallas , Denver , Detroit , Los Angeles , Miami , Minneapolis , New York City , San Francisco and Seattle . Canadian consular services are also available in Honolulu at the consulate of Australia through the Canada -- Australia Consular Services Sharing Agreement .