vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
History of immigration to the United States
This law allowed foreign - born children of American mothers and alien fathers who had entered America before the age of 18 and had lived in America for five years to apply for American citizenship for the first time . It also made the naturalization process quicker for the alien husbands of American wives . This law equalized expatriation , immigration , naturalization , and repatriation between women and men . However , it was not applied retroactively , and was modified by later laws , such as the Nationality Act of 1940 .
United States free speech exceptions
The government may not criminally punish immigrants based on speech that would be protected if said by a citizen . On entry across borders , the government may bar non-citizens from the United States based on their speech , even if that speech would have been protected if said by a citizen . Speech rules as to deportation , on the other hand , are unclear . Lower courts are divided on the question , while the leading cases on the subject are from the Red Scare .
Visa requirements for British citizens
Several countries including Argentina , Cambodia , Japan , Malaysia , Saudi Arabia , South Korea and the United States demand all adult passengers ( age varies by country ) to be fingerprinted on arrival .
Driver's licenses in the United States
RealIDs are allowed to be issued only to legal immigrants and citizens of the United States .
Australian permanent resident
General Skilled Migration Program - mainly for skilled migrants , and has made available 129,250 visas for year 2012 - 2013 Humanitarian Program - mainly for refugees seeking permanent residency , and has made available 13,750 visas for year 2012 - 2013 . Family members can also be sponsored . An unlimited number of visas can be issued for partners ( either married or de facto ) and dependent children . Visas for other family member types are subject to limited ( known as `` capping '' ) ; for example there are only 1000 visas available under the ' Parent ' category , and as a consequence there is currently up to a twenty - year waiting period before undergoing consideration for these visas .
Visa requirements for British citizens
The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata , banning their entry into that country . In non-diplomatic use , the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily , usually because of unlawful activity . Attempts to enter the Gaza strip by sea may attract a 10 - year ban on entering Israel .
History of immigration to the United States
Prior to 1890 , the individual states , rather than the Federal government , regulated immigration into the United States . The Immigration Act of 1891 established a Commissioner of Immigration in the Treasury Department . The Canadian Agreement of 1894 extended U.S. immigration restrictions to Canadian ports . Late
Italian Australians
Even Australian legislation was changed consequently . Amendments to the Immigration Restriction Act in 1932 were more drastic and aimed at more effectively controlling the entry of ' white aliens ' into Australia . The amendment extended the landing permit system to all categories of immigrants , while before was applicable only to immigrants with a maintenance guarantee . The goal was to limit immigrants from competing in the local labour market to the detriment of the local unemployed . At the same time , the power to apply the dictation test was still available for up to five years to restrict the landing of an immigrant whose admission was not desired .
Freedom of speech by country
This list has been updated to include : `` people with disabilities , various sexual identity and sexual orientation '' , effective from July 2013 .
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States
Several pieces of legislation signed into law in 1996 marked a turn towards harsher policies for both legal and illegal immigrants . The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act ( AEDPA ) and Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act ( IIRIRA ) vastly increased the categories of criminal activity for which immigrants , including green card holders , can be deported and imposed mandatory detention for certain types of deportation cases . As a result , well over 2 million individuals have been deported since 1996 .
Cousin marriage
The Netherlands has also had a recent debate that has reached the level of the Prime Minister proposing a cousin marriage ban . The proposed policy is explicitly aimed at preventing `` import marriages '' from certain nations like Morocco with a high rate of cousin marriage . Critics argue that such a ban would contradict Section 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights , is not based on science , and would affect more than immigrants . While some proponents argue such marriages were banned until 1970 , according to Frans van Poppel of the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute , they are confusing cousin marriage with uncle - niece marriage .
United Kingdom
The British Government has introduced a points - based immigration system for immigration from outside the European Economic Area to replace former schemes , including the Scottish Government 's Fresh Talent Initiative . In June 2010 the government introduced a temporary limit of 24,000 on immigration from outside the EU , aiming to discourage applications before a permanent cap was imposed in April 2011 .
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States
Legal immigration visas should not be confused with temporary work permits . Permits for seasonal labor ( about 285,000 in 2008 ) or students ( about 917,000 in 2008 ) generally do not permit conversion to immigrant status . Even those who are legally authorized to work temporarily in the United States ( such as H1 - B workers ) must apply for permanent residence separately , and gain no advantage from their temporary employment authorization . This is unlike many other countries , whose laws provide for permanent residence after a certain number of years of legal employment . Temporary workers , therefore , do not form a distinctly counted source of immigration .
Demographics of Mexico
foreign citizens granted Mexican nationality by the Secretariat of Government ( Ministry of the Interior ) ; foreign citizens married to a Mexican national , whether by birth or naturalization .
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States
The Chinese exclusion laws were repealed in 1943 . The Luce - Celler Act of 1946 ended discrimination against Indian Americans and Filipinos , who were accorded the right to naturalization , and allowed a quota of 100 immigrants per year .
Trafficking of children
Sex and the law Social issues Age of consent Antisexualism Censorship Circumcision Deviant sexual intercourse Ethics Homophobia Intersex Miscegenation ( interracial relations ) Norms Objectification Pornography Public morality Red - light district Reproductive rights Same - sex marriage Survival sex Specific offences ( Varies by jurisdiction ) Adultery Bestiality Buggery Child grooming Child pornography Child prostitution Criminal transmission of HIV Female genital mutilation Fornication Incest Pimping Prostitution forced Public indecency Rape statutory marital Seduction Sexting Sexual abuse child Sexual assault Sexual harassment Slavery Sodomy UK Section 63 ( 2008 ) Violence Voyeurism Sex offender registration Sex offender registry Sex offender registries in the United States Portals Sexuality Criminal justice Law
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
The second part begins with article 18 which outlaws , within the limitations of the treaties , discrimination on the basis of nationality . Article 19 states the EU will `` combat discrimination based on sex , racial or ethnic origin , religion or belief , disability , age or sexual orientation '' . Articles 20 to 24 establishes EU citizenship and accords rights to it ; to free movement , consular protection from other states , vote and stand in local and European elections , right to petition Parliament and the European Ombudsman and to contact and receive a reply from EU institutions in their own language . Article 25 requires the Commission to report on the implementation of these rights every three years .
Economy of Mexico
The agreement fell short in liberalizing movement of people across the three countries . In a limited way , however , immigration of skilled Mexican and Canadian workers to the United States was permitted under the TN status . NAFTA allows for a wide list of professions , most of which require at least a bachelor 's degree , for which a Mexican or a Canadian citizen can request TN status and temporarily immigrate to the United States . Unlike the visas available to other countries , TN status requires no sponsorship , but simply a job offer letter .
Foreign policy of the United States
On December 6 , 2011 , Obama instructed agencies to consider LGBT rights when issuing financial aid to foreign countries . He also criticized Russia 's law discriminating against gays , joining other western leaders in the boycott of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Russia .
Democratic Party (United States)
A large majority of liberals favor universal health care , with many supporting a single - payer system . A majority also favor diplomacy over military action , stem cell research , the legalization of same - sex marriage , stricter gun control , and environmental protection laws as well as the preservation of abortion rights . Immigration and cultural diversity is deemed positive ; liberals favor cultural pluralism , a system in which immigrants retain their native culture in addition to adopting their new culture . They tend to be divided on free trade agreements and organizations such as the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) . Most liberals oppose increased military spending and the mixing of church and state .
Overview of gun laws by nation
There is an authorization to transport ( ATT ) requirement for restricted and prohibited weapons , which must be registered . Non-citizens may obtain a non-resident firearms declaration from a customs officer , for a temporary 60 - day authorization to bring a non-prohibited firearm into Canada .
Birth control in the United States
According to the New York Times this October 6 of 2017 `` The Trump administration on Friday moved to expand the rights of employers to deny women insurance coverage for contraception and issued sweeping guidance on religious freedom that critics said could also erode civil rights protec ( 1 ) tions for lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender people '' .
Sanctuary city
Advocates of local enforcement of immigration laws argue that more regulatory local immigration policies would cause immigrants to flee those cities and possibly the United States altogether , while opponents argue that regulatory policies on immigrants would n't affect their presence because immigrants looking for work will relocate towards economic opportunity despite challenges living there . Undocumented migrants tend to be attracted to states with more economic opportunity and individual freedom . Because there is no reliable data that asks for immigration status , there is no way to tell empirically if regulatory policies do have an effect on immigrant presence . A study comparing restrictive counties with nonrestrictive counties found that local jurisdictions that enacted regulatory immigration policies experienced a 1 - 2 % negative effect in employment . Health
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States
In 1870 , the law was broadened to allow blacks to be naturalized . Asian immigrants were excluded from naturalization but not from living in the United States . There were also significant restrictions on some Asians at the state level ; in California , for example , non-citizen Asians were not allowed to own land .
Visa requirements for British citizens
Visa requirements for British citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Kingdom . As of 1 January 2017 , British citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 173 countries and territories , ranking the British passport 4th in terms of travel freedom ( tied with Austrian , Belgian , Dutch , French , Luxembourgish , Norwegian and Singaporean passports ) according to the Henley visa restrictions index . Additionally , the World Tourism Organization also published a report on 15 January 2016 ranking the British passport 1st in the world ( tied with Denmark , Finland , Germany , Italy , Luxembourg and Singapore ) in terms of travel freedom , with a mobility index of 160 ( out of 215 with no visa weighted by 1 , visa on arrival weighted by 0.7 , eVisa by 0.5 , and traditional visa weighted by 0 ) .
History of Germany (1945–90)
The calling in question of the actions and policies of the government led to a new climate of debate by the late 1960s . The issues of emancipation , colonialism , environmentalism and grass roots democracy were discussed at all levels of society . In 1979 , the environmental party , the Greens , reached the 5 % limit required to obtain parliamentary seats in the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen provincial election . Also of great significance was the steady growth of a feminist movement in which women demonstrated for equal rights . Until 1979 , a married woman had to have the permission of her husband if she wanted to take on a job or open a bank account . Parallel to this , a gay movement began to grow in the larger cities , especially in West Berlin , where homosexuality had been widely accepted during the twenties in the Weimar Republic . In 1969 , the Bundestag repealed the 1935 Nazi amendment to Paragraph 175 , which not only made homosexual acts a felony , but had also made any expressions of homosexuality illegal ( before 1935 only gay sex had been illegal ) . However , Paragraph 175 which made homosexual acts illegal remained on the statute books and was not repealed until 1994 , although it had been softened in 1973 by making gay sex illegal only with those under the age of 18 . RAF
Freedom of speech by country
Hate speech laws prohibit threats or expressions of contempt based on race , skin colour , nationality or ethnic origin , religious belief or sexual orientation .
Libya
Homosexuality is illegal in Libya . According to Human Rights Watch annual report 2016 , journalists are still being targeted by the armed groups in Libya . The organization added that Libya has very low rank in the 2015 press freedom index as it occupied 154 out of 180 countries .
History of immigration to the United States
The legislation excluded the Western Hemisphere from the quota system , and the 1920s ushered in the penultimate era of U.S. immigration history . Immigrants could and did move quite freely from Mexico , the Caribbean ( including Jamaica , Barbados , and Haiti ) , and other parts of Central and South America . This era , which reflected the application of the 1924 legislation , lasted until 1965 . During those 40 years , the United States began to admit , case by case , limited numbers of refugees . Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany before World War II , Jewish Holocaust survivors after the war , non-Jewish displaced persons fleeing Communist rule in Central Europe and Russia , Hungarians seeking refuge after their failed uprising in 1956 , and Cubans after the 1960 revolution managed to find haven in the United States when their plight moved the collective conscience of America , but the basic immigration law remained in place .
Trinity Western University
The university mandates that all students abide by their Community Covenant . The covenant bans sexual relationships outside of a marriage between a woman and a man , as well as behaviour such as hazing , verbal and physical harassment , dishonesty including plagiarism , theft or destruction of another 's property , the use of illegal drugs , consuming alcohol on campus , or consuming pornography . A 2015 ruling in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice held that `` discrimination inherent in the Community Covenant extends not only to ( LGBT Q ) persons , but also to women generally ; to those persons of any gender who might prefer , for their own purposes , to live in a common law relationship rather than engage in the institution of marriage ; and to those persons who have other religious beliefs ... Despite some efforts by TWU to contend that the Community Covenant does not operate in a discriminatory fashion , it is self - evident that it does . '' The court ruling noted that `` failure to adhere to the conduct imposed by the Community Covenant , carries with it serious consequences . '' The covenant mandates `` at a minimum , suspension '' for `` sexual intimacy involving persons of the same sex . ''
History of immigration to the United States
Restriction proceeded piecemeal over the course of the late 19th and early 20th centuries , but immediately after the end of World War I ( 1914 -- 18 ) and into the early 1920s , Congress changed the nation 's basic policy about immigration . The National Origins Formula of 1921 ( and its final form in 1924 ) not only restricted the number of immigrants who might enter the United States , but also assigned slots according to quotas based on national origins . A complicated piece of legislation , it essentially gave preference to immigrants from Central , Northern and Western Europe , severely limiting the numbers from Russia and Southern Europe , and declared all potential immigrants from Asia unworthy of entry into the United States .
Sanctuary city
Tennessee state law bars `` local governments or officials from making policies that stop local entities from complying with federal immigration law . '' In 2017 , legislation proposed in the Tennessee General Assembly would go further , withholding funding from local governments deemed insufficiently cooperative with the federal government .
Sanctuary city
State law passed in 1987 : `` Oregon Revised Statute 181.850 , which prohibits law enforcement officers at the state , county or municipal level from enforcing federal immigration laws that target people based on their race or ethnic origin , when those individuals are not suspected of any criminal activities . Beaverton city council passed a resolution in January 2017 stating , in part , `` The City of Beaverton is committed to living its values as a welcoming city for all individuals ... regardless of a person 's ... immigration status '' and that they would abide by Oregon state law of not enforcing federal immigration laws . Corvallis Portland Washington
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
In Plyler v. Doe ( 1982 ) the Supreme Court struck down a Texas statute denying free public education to illegal immigrants as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because discrimination on the basis of illegal immigration status did not further a substantial state interest . The Court reasoned that illegal aliens and their children , though not citizens of the United States or Texas , are people `` in any ordinary sense of the term '' and , therefore , are afforded Fourteenth Amendment protections .
Apartheid
power music Wife selling Witch - hunt Policies ( show ) Segregation age racial religious sexual Age of candidacy Blood purity Blood quantum Crime of apartheid Disabilities Jewish Catholic Ethnocracy Gender pay gap Gender roles Gerontocracy Gerrymandering Ghetto benches Internment Jewish quota Jim Crow Law for Protection of the Nation McCarthyism Gay blood donor controversy Nonpersons Numerus clausus ( as religious or racial quota ) Nuremberg Laws One - drop rule Racial quota Racial steering Racist real - estate Same - sex marriage ( laws and issues prohibiting ) Sodomy law Ugly law Voter suppression Countermeasures ( show ) Affirmative action Animal rights Anti-discrimination law Cultural assimilation Cultural pluralism Desegregation Diversity training Empowerment Feminism Fighting Discrimination Human rights Intersex rights Masculism Multiculturalism Nonviolence Racial integration Self - determination Social integration Toleration Vegetarianism Veganism Related topics ( show ) Allophilia Anthropocentrism Anti-cultural sentiment Assimilation Bias Christian privilege Data discrimination Dehumanization Diversity Ethnic penalty Eugenics Intersectionality Male privilege Masculism Multiculturalism Neurodiversity Oikophobia Oppression Police brutality Political correctness Polyculturalism Power distance Prejudice Racial bias in criminal news Racism by country Regressive left Religious intolerance Second - generation gender bias Snobbery Social exclusion Stigma Stereotype threat White privilege Discrimination portal Main
One-child policy
In the past , China promoted eugenics as part of its population planning policies , but the government has backed away from such policies , as evidenced by China 's ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities , which compels the nation to significantly reform its genetic testing laws . Recent research has also emphasized the necessity of understanding a myriad of complex social relations that affect the meaning of informed consent in China . Furthermore , in 2003 , China revised its marriage registration regulations and couples no longer have to submit to a pre-marital physical or genetic examination before being granted a marriage license .
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States
The Empire of Japan 's State Department negotiated the so - called Gentlemen 's Agreement in 1907 , a protocol where Japan agreed to stop issuing passports to its citizens who wanted to emigrate to the United States . In practice , the Japanese government compromised with its prospective emigrants and continued to give passports to the Territory of Hawaii where many Japanese resided . Once in Hawaii , it was easy for the Japanese to continue on to Japanese settlements on the west coast if they so desired . In the decade of 1901 to 1910 , 129,000 Japanese immigrated to the United States or Hawaii ; nearly all were males and on five - year work contracts and 117,000 more came in the decades from 1911 to 1930 . How many of them stayed and how many returned at the end of their contracts is unknown but it is estimated that about one - half returned . Again this immigrant flow was at least 80 % male and the demand for female Japanese immigrants almost immediately arose . This need was met in part by what are called `` postcard wives '' who immigrated to new husbands who had chosen them on the basis of their pictures ( similar marriages also occurred in nearly all cultures throughout the female - scarce west ) . The Japanese government finally quit issuing passports to the Territory of Hawaii for single women in the 1920s .