vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Stanley Cup
Unlike the trophies awarded by the other major professional sports leagues of North America , a new Stanley Cup is not made each year . Originally , the winners kept it until a new champion was crowned . Currently , winning teams get the Stanley Cup during the summer and a limited number of days during the season . It is unusual among trophies to include winning members ' names . Every year since 1924 , a select portion of the winning players , coaches , management , and club staff names are engraved on its bands . However , there is not enough room to include all the players and non-players , so some names must be omitted . Initially a new band added each year , though this caused the trophy to grow in size , earning the nickname `` Stovepipe Cup '' . In 1958 the modern one - piece Cup was designed with a five - band barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band . To prevent the Stanley Cup from growing , when the bottom band is full , the oldest band is removed and preserved in the Hockey Hall of Fame , and a new blank band added to the bottom . It has been referred to as The Cup , Lord Stanley 's Cup , The Holy Grail , or facetiously ( chiefly by sportswriters ) as Lord Stanley 's Mug . The Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions , the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team .
O Canada
O Canada ! Where pines and maples grow . Great prairies spread and lordly rivers flow . How dear to us thy broad domain , From East to Western sea . Thou land of hope for all who toil ! Thou True North , strong and free !
Dance
Theatrical dance , also called performance or concert dance , is intended primarily as a spectacle , usually a performance upon a stage by virtuoso dancers . It often tells a story , perhaps using mime , costume and scenery , or else it may simply interpret the musical accompaniment , which is often specially composed . Examples are western ballet and modern dance , Classical Indian dance and Chinese and Japanese song and dance dramas . Most classical forms are centred upon dance alone , but performance dance may also appear in opera and other forms of musical theatre .
Stanley Cup
On February 7 , 2006 , a settlement was reached in which the trophy could be awarded to non-NHL teams should the league not operate for a season . The dispute lasted so long that , by the time it was settled , the NHL had resumed operating for the 2005 -- 06 season , and the Stanley Cup went unclaimed for the 2004 -- 05 season . Furthermore , when another NHL lockout commenced in 2012 the Trustees stated that the 2006 agreement did not oblige them to award the Cup in the event of a lost season , and that they were likely to reject any non-NHL challenges for the Cup in the event the 2012 -- 13 season were cancelled , which it was not .
Polar bear
Annual ice contains areas of water that appear and disappear throughout the year as the weather changes . Seals migrate in response to these changes , and polar bears must follow their prey . In Hudson Bay , James Bay , and some other areas , the ice melts completely each summer ( an event often referred to as `` ice - floe breakup '' ) , forcing polar bears to go onto land and wait through the months until the next freeze - up . In the Chukchi and Beaufort seas , polar bears retreat each summer to the ice further north that remains frozen year - round .
Winter Olympic Games
The Winter Olympics have been an ideological front in the Cold War since the Soviet Union first participated at the 1956 Winter Games . It did not take long for the Cold War combatants to discover what a powerful propaganda tool the Olympic Games could be . The advent of the state - sponsored `` full - time amateur athlete '' of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur , as it put the self - financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage . The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students , soldiers , or working in a profession , but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full - time basis . Nevertheless , the IOC held to the traditional rules regarding amateurism until the ' 90s .
Promotion (chess)
Promotion is a chess rule that requires a pawn that reaches its eighth rank to be immediately replaced by the player 's choice of a queen , knight , rook , or bishop of the same color . The new piece replaces the pawn on the same square , as part of the same move . The choice of new piece is not limited to pieces previously captured , thus promotion can result in a player owning , for example , two or more queens despite starting the game with one . Pawn promotion , or the threat of it , often decides the result in an endgame . Since the queen is the most powerful piece , the vast majority of promotions are to a queen . Promotion to a queen is often called queening ; promotion to any other piece is referred to as underpromotion ( Golombek 1977 ) .
Climate of the Arctic
The Arctic Basin includes the Arctic Ocean within the average minimum extent of sea ice . The Canadian Arctic Archipelago includes the large and small islands , except Greenland , on the Canadian side of the Arctic , and the waters between them . The entire island of Greenland , although its ice sheet and ice - free coastal regions have different climatic conditions . The Arctic waters that are not sea ice in late summer , including Hudson Bay , Baffin Bay , Ungava Bay , the Davis , Denmark , Hudson and Bering Straits , and the Labrador , Norwegian , ( ice - free all year ) , Greenland , Baltic , Barents ( southern part ice - free all year ) , Kara , Laptev , Chukchi , Okhotsk , sometimes Beaufort and Bering Seas .
Climate of the Arctic
The climate of the Arctic is characterized by long , cold winters and short , cool summers . There is a large amount of variability in climate across the Arctic , but all regions experience extremes of solar radiation in both summer and winter . Some parts of the Arctic are covered by ice ( sea ice , glacial ice , or snow ) year - round , and nearly all parts of the Arctic experience long periods with some form of ice on the surface . Average January temperatures range from about − 34 ° C to 0 ° C ( − 29 to + 32 ° F ) , and winter temperatures can drop below − 50 ° C ( − 58 ° F ) over large parts of the Arctic . Average July temperatures range from about − 10 to + 10 ° C ( 14 to 50 ° F ) , with some land areas occasionally exceeding 30 ° C ( 86 ° F ) in summer .
Pierre de Coubertin
The Pierre de Coubertin medal ( also known as the Coubertin medal or the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal ) is an award given by the International Olympic Committee to those athletes that demonstrate the spirit of sportsmanship in the Olympic Games . This medal is considered by many athletes and spectators to be the highest award that an Olympic athlete can receive , even greater than a gold medal . The International Olympic Committee considers it as its highest honour .
Stanley Cup
There are technically three versions of the `` Stanley Cup '' : the original 1892 bowl or Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup , the 1963 authenticated `` Presentation Cup '' , and the 1993 `` Replica Cup '' at the Hall of Fame .
Olympic Games
The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in several changes to the Olympic Games . Some of these adjustments include the creation of the Winter Olympic Games for ice and winter sports , the Paralympic Games for athletes with a disability , and the Youth Olympic Games for teenage athletes . The Deaflympics and Special Olympics are also endorsed by the IOC . The IOC has had to adapt to a variety of economic , political , and technological advancements .
Winter Olympic Games
The idea was resurrected for the 1916 Games , which were to be held in Berlin , Germany . A winter sports week with speed skating , figure skating , ice hockey and Nordic skiing was planned , but the 1916 Olympics was cancelled after the outbreak of World War I . 1920
Curling
In February 2002 , the International Olympic Committee retroactively decided that the curling competition from the 1924 Winter Olympics ( originally called Semaine des Sports d'Hiver , or International Winter Sports Week ) would be considered official Olympic events and no longer be considered demonstration events . Thus , the first Olympic medals in curling , which at the time was played outdoors , were awarded for the 1924 Winter Games , with the gold medal won by Great Britain and Ireland , two silver medals by Sweden , and the bronze by France . A demonstration tournament was also held during the 1932 Winter Olympic Games between four teams from Canada and four teams from the United States , with Canada winning 12 games to 4 .
Illinois
The state features 13 athletic programs that compete in NCAA Division I , the highest level of U.S. college sports .
Adolescence
Adolescence ( from Latin adolescere , meaning ' to grow up ' ) is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood ( age of majority ) . Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years , but its physical , psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later . For example , puberty now typically begins during preadolescence , particularly in females . Physical growth ( particularly in males ) , and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties . Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence , and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence .
Curling
Despite the Canadian province of Manitoba 's small population ( ranked 5th of 10 Canadian provinces ) , Manitoban teams have won the Brier more times than teams from any other province . The Tournament of Hearts and the Brier are contested by provincial and territorial champions , and the world championships by national champions .
Winter Olympic Games
German Georg Hackl won a silver in the singles luge , becoming the first athlete in Olympic history to win medals in the same individual event in five consecutive Olympics . Canada achieved an unprecedented double by winning both the men 's and women 's ice hockey gold medals . Canada became embroiled with Russia in a controversy that involved the judging of the pairs figure skating competition . The Russian pair of Yelena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze competed against the Canadian pair of Jamie Salé and David Pelletier for the gold medal . The Canadians appeared to have skated well enough to win the competition , yet the Russians were awarded the gold . The judging broke along Cold War lines with judges from former Communist countries favouring the Russian pair and judges from Western nations voting for the Canadians . The only exception was the French judge , Marie - Reine Le Gougne , who awarded the gold to the Russians . An investigation revealed that she had been pressured to give the gold to the Russian pair regardless of how they skated ; in return the Russian judge would look favourably on the French entrants in the ice dancing competition . The IOC decided to award both pairs the gold medal in a second medal ceremony held later in the Games . Australian Steven Bradbury became the first gold medallist from the southern hemisphere when he won the 1,000 metre short - track speed skating event . Close
Curling
Curling is played in many countries , including Canada , the United Kingdom ( especially Scotland ) , the United States , Norway , Sweden , Switzerland , Denmark , Finland and Japan , all of which compete in the world championships .
Curling
Baseball - style scoreboard Team 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final Canada 0 0 6 0 0 x x 10 Finland 0 0 0 0 0 x x
Rules of netball
Netball is a ball sport for two teams of seven players ; its rules are published in print and online by the International Netball Federation . Games are played on a rectangular court divided into thirds , with a raised goal at each short end . The objective of the game is for teams to score goals , by passing a ball and shooting it into the opposite team 's goal ring . Players are assigned `` positions '' that define their role within the team and restrict their movement on court .
Polar bear
In August 2011 , Environment Canada published a national polar bear conservation strategy . Greenland
Chronology of Stanley Cup engravings
Season Winning Team Engravings Added 2004 -- 05 Not awarded because of 2004 -- 05 NHL lockout . `` 2004 -- 05 Season Not Played '' 2005 -- 06 Carolina Hurricanes , plus 52 names . ( 2 players who did not qualify included ) . `` ( TEAM NAME ) ( SEASON WON ) '' 2006 -- 07 Anaheim Ducks , plus 47 names . ( 1 player who did not qualify included , 2 players who played in the playoffs left off . ) 2007 -- 08 Detroit Red Wings , plus 52 names . ( 1 players who did not qualify included , 1 player who played in the playoffs , and 2 therapists left off . ) 2008 -- 09 Pittsburgh Penguins , plus 52 names . ( 1 player who did not qualify injured included ) . 2009 -- 10 Chicago Blackhawks , plus 52 names ( 1 player who played in playoffs , and another who missed the playoffs injured left off the Stanley Cup ) . 2010 -- 11 Boston Bruins , plus 52 names ( 1 player who did not qualify injured included , 1 player who played in playoffs , and another player who played 38 games left off the Stanley Cup , 1 asst equipment manager , and video coach left off ) . 2011 -- 12 Los Angeles Kings , plus 53 names ( 2 players who did not qualify included , 1 player who played and 38 games and 2 playoffs games , 1 player who was with the team all season and missed the playoffs injured left off , and 2 trainers left off , Co-owner added by NHL for 1 more name then normal ) . 2012 -- 13 Chicago Blackhawks , plus 52 names ( 1 player who did not qualify included , 1 goalie who dressed in the playoffs left off ) . 2013 -- 14 Los Angeles Kings , plus 52 names ( 1 player who did not qualify included , 3 players , 1 Asst . Equipment Manager , 1 therapists , and many other staff members missing . Co-owner left off at his request ) . 2014 -- 15 Chicago Blackhawks , plus 52 names ( 2 players who did not qualify included , 1 goalie who dressed for 54 games , and two asst equipment manager left off ) . 2015 -- 16 Pittsburgh Penguins , plus 52 names ( 2 players who did not qualify included . 3 players who played in the playoffs left off . One those players spent whole season with the team injured for half of it . ) 2016 -- 17 Pittsburgh Penguins , plus 52 names ( 2 players who did not qualify included . 1 player who played in the playoffs left off . )
Ottawa
Sport in Ottawa has a history dating back to the 19th century . Ottawa is currently home to four professional sports teams . The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team playing in the National Hockey League . The Senators play their home games at the Canadian Tire Centre . The Ottawa Redblacks are a professional Canadian Football team playing in the Canadian Football League . Professional soccer club Ottawa Fury FC play in the United Soccer League , the second division in North American pro soccer after Major League Soccer . Both Ottawa Fury FC and the Ottawa Redblacks play their home games at TD Place Stadium . The Ottawa Champions play professional baseball in the Can - Am League at Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton Park , following the departure of the Lynx International League franchise . Several non-professional teams also play in Ottawa , including the Ottawa 67 's junior ice hockey team . The city was previously home to a professional basketball team , the Ottawa SkyHawks , of the National Basketball League of Canada TD
Pierre de Coubertin
The Pierre de Coubertin medal ( also known as the Coubertin medal or the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal ) is an award given by the International Olympic Committee to athletes that demonstrate the spirit of sportsmanship in the Olympic Games .
Air mass
Arctic , Antarctic , and polar air masses are cold . The qualities of arctic air are developed over ice and snow - covered ground . Arctic air is deeply cold , colder than polar air masses . Arctic air can be shallow in the summer , and rapidly modify as it moves equatorward . Polar air masses develop over higher latitudes over the land or ocean , are very stable , and generally shallower than arctic air . Polar air over the ocean ( maritime ) loses its stability as it gains moisture over warmer ocean waters .
Stanley Cup
On June 27 , 2010 , Chicago Blackhawks defenceman Brent Sopel paid tribute to his friend , former Toronto Maple Leafs general manager Brian Burke and Burke 's late son , Brendan , by accompanying the Cup to the 2010 Chicago Gay Pride Parade .
Dance
Competitive dance , in which a variety of theater dance styles , such as acro , ballet , jazz , hip - hop , lyrical , and tap , are permitted . Open competitions , that permit a wide variety of dance styles . An example of this is the TV program So You Think You Can Dance . Dancesport , which is focused exclusively on ballroom and latin dance . Examples of this are TV programs Dancing with the Stars and Strictly Come Dancing . Single - style competitions , such as ; highland dance , dance team , and Irish dance , that only permit a single dance style .
Stanley Cup
The Stanley Cup did a second tour in Afghanistan as part of a `` Team Canada visit '' in March 2008 . In the spring of 2010 the Stanley Cup made its fourth trip to Afghanistan , accompanied by ex-players .
Winter Olympic Games
The Olympic Flame for the 1952 Games in Oslo , was lit in the fireplace by skiing pioneer Sondre Nordheim , and the torch relay was conducted by 94 participants entirely on skis . Bandy , a popular sport in the Nordic countries , was featured as a demonstration sport , though only Norway , Sweden , and Finland fielded teams . Norwegian athletes won 17 medals , which outpaced all the other nations . They were led by Hjalmar Andersen who won three gold medals in four events in the speed skating competition .
Climate of the Arctic
Winds and ocean currents cause the sea ice to move . The typical pattern of ice motion is shown on the map at right . On average , these motions carry sea ice from the Russian side of the Arctic Ocean into the Atlantic Ocean through the area east of Greenland , while they cause the ice on the North American side to rotate clockwise , sometimes for many years .
Rotation
Rotation of a player one or more times around a vertical axis may be called spin in figure skating , twirling ( of the baton or the performer ) in baton twirling , or 360 , 540 , 720 , etc. in snowboarding , etc . Rotation of a player or performer one or more times around a horizontal axis may be called a flip , roll , somersault , heli , etc. in gymnastics , waterskiing , or many other sports , or a one - and - a-half , two - and - a-half , gainer ( starting facing away from the water ) , etc. in diving , etc . A combination of vertical and horizontal rotation ( back flip with 360 ° ) is called a möbius in waterskiing freestyle jumping .
Mount Everest
Mount Everest has been host to other winter sports and adventuring besides mountaineering , including snowboarding , skiing , paragliding , and BASE jumping .
Season
A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather , ecology , and amount of daylight . On Earth , seasons result from Earth 's orbit around the Sun and Earth 's axial tilt relative to the ecliptic plane . In temperate and polar regions , the seasons are marked by changes in the intensity of sunlight that reaches the Earth 's surface , variations of which may cause animals to undergo hibernation or to migrate , and plants to be dormant .
Ottawa
Snow and ice are dominant during the winter season . On average Ottawa receives 224 centimetres ( 88 in ) of snowfall annually but maintains an average 22 centimetres ( 9 in ) of snowpack throughout the three winter months . An average 16 days of the three winter months experience temperatures below − 20 ° C ( − 4 ° F ) , or 41 days if the wind chill is considered .
Chronology of Stanley Cup engravings
Originally , a new band was added almost every year , causing the Cup to grow in size . Thus , it became commonly referred to as the `` Stovepipe Cup '' because of its resemblance to the exhaust pipe of a stove . It was also occasionally called the `` cigar '' Cup or the `` elephant 's leg '' Cup for similar reasons .
Winter Olympic Games
The 1992 Winter Games were the last to be held in the same year as the Summer Games . They were hosted in the French Savoie region , with 18 events held in the city of Albertville and the remaining events spread out over the Savoie . Political changes of the time were reflected in the composition of the Olympic teams competing in France : this was the first Games to be held after the fall of Communism and the fall of the Berlin Wall , and Germany competed as a single nation for the first time since the 1964 Games ; former Yugoslavian republics Croatia and Slovenia made their debuts as independent nations ; most of the former Soviet republics still competed as a single team known as the Unified Team , but the Baltic States made independent appearances for the first time since before World War II . At 16 years old , Finnish ski jumper Toni Nieminen made history by becoming the youngest male Winter Olympic champion . New Zealand skier Annelise Coberger became the first Winter Olympic medallist from the southern hemisphere when she won a silver medal in the women 's slalom .
Prague
Sparta Prague ( Czech First League ) -- football club Slavia Prague ( Czech First League ) -- football club Dukla Prague ( Czech First League ) -- football club Bohemians 1905 ( Czech First League ) -- football club Viktoria Žižkov ( Czech 2 . Liga ) -- football club HC Sparta Praha ( Czech Extraliga ) -- ice hockey club HC Slavia Praha ( 1st Czech Republic Hockey League ) -- ice hockey club O2 Arena -- the second largest ice hockey arena in Europe . It hosted 2004 and 2015 Ice Hockey World Championship , NHL 2008 and 2010 Opening Game and Euroleague Final Four Strahov Stadium -- the largest stadium in the world Prague International Marathon Prague Open -- Tennis Tournament held by the I. Czech Lawn Tennis Club Sparta Prague Open -- Tennis Tournament held in Prague 7 Josef Odložil Memorial -- Athletics meeting Mystic SK8 Cup -- World Cup of Skateboarding venue takes place at the Štvanice skatepark Gutovka -- sport area with a large concrete skatepark , the highest outside climbing wall in Central Europe , four beach volleyball courts and children 's playground World Ultimate Club Championships 2010
Curling
Curling shoes are similar to ordinary athletic shoes except that they have dissimilar soles ; the slider shoe ( usually known as a `` slider '' ) is designed for the sliding foot and the `` gripper shoe '' ( usually known as a gripper ) for the hack foot .
Stanley Cup
The smallest municipality to produce a Stanley Cup champion team is Kenora , Ontario ; the town had a population of about 4,000 when the Kenora Thistles captured the Cup in January 1907 . Aided by future Hall of Famers Art Ross and `` Bad '' Joe Hall , the Thistles defeated the Montreal Wanderers in a two - game , total goals challenge series . The Thistles successfully defended the Cup once , against a team from Brandon , Manitoba . In March 1907 , the Wanderers challenged the Thistles to a rematch . Despite an improved lineup , the Thistles lost the Cup to Montreal .