vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
History of the San Diego Chargers
The Chargers were to host the first ever AFL national championship game at the Los Angeles Coliseum in 1961 ( for the 1960 season ) . However as its attendance for home games was falling below 10,000 league and ABC television officials fearing that showing empty seats in the 100,000 + seat Coliseum might jeopardize the entire league persuaded the Chargers to give up the advantage and move the game to Houston ( where they lost ) . San
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City was selected to host the 2002 Winter Olympics in 1995 . The games were plagued with controversy . A bid scandal surfaced in 1998 alleging bribes had been offered to secure the city for the 2002 games location . During the games , other scandals erupted over contested judging scores and illegal drug use . Despite the controversies , the games were heralded as a financial success , being one of the few in recent history to profit . In preparation major construction projects were initiated . Local freeways were expanded and repaired , and a light rail system was constructed . Olympic venues are now used for local , national , and international sporting events and Olympic athlete training . Tourism has increased since the Olympic games , but business did not pick up immediately following them . Salt Lake City expressed interest in bidding for the 2022 Winter Olympics . However , Beijing was selected to host the 2022 Winter Olympics .
Wembley Stadium
Wembley Stadium is a football stadium in Wembley , London , England , which opened in 2007 , on the site of the original Wembley Stadium , which was demolished from 2002 -- 2003 . The stadium hosts major football matches including home matches of the England national football team , and the FA Cup Final . The stadium is also the temporary home of Premier League football club Tottenham Hotspur while White Hart Lane is being demolished and their new stadium is being constructed .
North America
League Sport Primary country Founded Teams Revenue US $ ( bn ) Average Attendance National Football League ( NFL ) American football United States 1920 32 $9.0 7004676040000000000 ♠ 67,604 Major League Baseball ( MLB ) Baseball United States Canada 1869 30 $8.0 7004304580000000000 ♠ 30,458 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) Basketball United States Canada 1946 30 $5.0 7004173470000000000 ♠ 17,347 National Hockey League ( NHL ) Ice hockey United States Canada 1917 31 $3.3 7004177200000000000 ♠ 17,720 Liga MX Football ( soccer ) Mexico 1943 18 $0.6 7004255570000000000 ♠ 25,557 Major League Soccer ( MLS ) Football ( soccer ) United States Canada 20 $0.5 7004215740000000000 ♠ 21,574
No-hitter
Ted Breitenstein pitched a no - hitter in his first Major League start on October 4 , 1891 , however , it was not his first Major League game . He later threw a second no - hitter on April 22 , 1898 .
2018 FIFA World Cup
The first phase of ticket sales started on 14 September 2017 , 12 : 00 Moscow Time , and lasted until 12 October 2017 .
Stanley Cup
In 1919 , the Spanish influenza epidemic forced the Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans to cancel their series , marking the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded . The series was tied at 2 -- 2 -- 1 , but the final game was never played because Montreal Manager George Kennedy and players Joe Hall , Billy Coutu , Jack McDonald , and Newsy Lalonde were hospitalized with influenza . Hall died four days after the cancelled game , and the series was abandoned .
Stanley Cup
Prior to 1912 , challenges could take place at any time , given the appropriate rink conditions , and it was common for teams to defend the Cup numerous times during the year . In 1912 , Cup trustees declared that it was only to be defended at the end of the champion team 's regular season .
Mexico City
The Battle for Mexico City was the series of engagements from September 8 to 15 , 1847 , in the general vicinity of Mexico City during the U.S. Mexican War . Included are major actions at the battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec , culminating with the fall of Mexico City . The U.S. Army under Winfield Scott scored a major success that ended the war . The American invasion into the Federal District was first resisted during the Battle of Churubusco on August 8 where the Saint Patrick 's Battalion , which was composed primarily of Catholic Irish and German immigrants , but also Canadians , English , French , Italians , Poles , Scots , Spaniards , Swiss , and Mexican people , fought for the Mexican cause repelling the American attacks . After defeating the Saint Patrick 's Battalion , the Mexican -- American War came to a close after the United States deployed combat units deep into Mexico resulting in the capture of Mexico City and Veracruz by the U.S. Army 's 1st , 2nd , 3rd and 4th Divisions . The invasion culminated with the storming of Chapultepec Castle in the city itself .
Space Race
American Virgil `` Gus '' Grissom repeated Shepard 's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21 , 1961 . Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit , astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth , on February 20 , 1962 . His Mercury - Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendship 7 spacecraft , and splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean , after a tense reentry , due to what falsely appeared from the telemetry data to be a loose heat - shield . As the first American in orbit , Glenn became a national hero , and received a ticker - tape parade in New York City , reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh . On February 23 , 1962 , President Kennedy escorted him in a parade at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , where he awarded Glenn with the NASA service medal .
Wembley Stadium
The first game involving the full English national team was a friendly played on 1 June 2007 , against Brazil . The match saw captain John Terry become the first England international goal scorer at the new stadium when he scored in the 68th minute . Diego became the first full international player to score for a visiting team when he scored in stoppage time , with the full - time result being a 1 -- 1 draw . The first competitive senior international was played on 8 September 2007 between England and Israel . This game ended 3 -- 0 . The first player to score international goals at both the old and new stadia was Michael Owen when he scored for England against Israel . On 22 August Germany beat England 2 -- 1 to become the first team to beat them in the new Wembley Stadium . England 's first competitive defeat at the new stadium was on 21 November 2007 when Croatia won 3 -- 2 . This match cost England qualification to Euro 2008 and head coach Steve McClaren his job .
Space Race
The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services , which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program . The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX - 774 . However , its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches were conducted in 1947 . In 1950 , von Braun began testing the Air Force PGM - 11 Redstone rocket family at Cape Canaveral . In 1951 , the Air Force began a new ICBM program called MX - 1593 , and by 1955 this program was receiving top - priority funding . The MX - 1593 program evolved to become the Atlas - A , with its maiden launch occurring June 11 , 1957 , becoming the first successful American ICBM . Its upgraded version , the Atlas - D rocket , later served as a nuclear ICBM and as the orbital launch vehicle for Project Mercury and the remote - controlled Agena Target Vehicle used in Project Gemini .
History of tennis
At the 1972 US Open in September , all the players attended and agreed to form a player syndicate to protect themselves from the promoters and associations , resulting in the creation of the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) .
Basketball
Basketball Dr. James Naismith , the inventor of the game , stands with the original equipment for the game , a peach basket and a ball . Highest governing body FIBA First played December 21 , 1891 ; 126 years ago ( 1891 - 12 - 21 ) . Springfield , Massachusetts , U.S. Characteristics Contact Yes Team members 5 per side Mixed gender Yes , separate competitions Type Indoor / Outdoor Equipment Basketball Venue Indoor court ( mainly ) or outdoor court ( Streetball ) Glossary Glossary of basketball Presence Country or region Worldwide Olympic Yes , Demonstrated in the 1904 and 1924 Summer Olympics Part of the Summer Olympic program since 1936 Paralympic Yes
Captain America: The First Avenger
At the 2010 San Diego Comic - Con International , some footage that had been shot in the previous week was shown at the San Diego Convention Center . The first television advertisement aired during Super Bowl XLV on the Fox network in the United States . Paramount paid $3 million to run the 30 - second advertisement . The first full trailer was released in March 2011 . In May 2011 , the USO girls from the film performed aboard the USS Intrepid at the Intrepid Sea - Air - Space Museum as a part of the 2011 Fleet Week celebration in New York City . In June 2011 , Dunkin ' Donuts and Baskin - Robbins teamed with Marvel to search for real - life super-soldiers . The contest sought nominations for veterans or active U.S. servicepersons making a difference where they live or serve . In July 2011 , Paramount Pictures promoted the film during an Independence Day celebration hosted by the Chicago White Sox . Promotional partners include Harley - Davidson , Dunkin ' Donuts and Baskin - Robbins .
MetLife Stadium
On June 26 , 2016 , the stadium hosted the Copa América Centenario Final , a special 100th anniversary edition of the Copa América , organized jointly by CONMEBOL and CONCACAF , hosted by the USA , and the first to take place outside South América . Chile beat Argentina 4 -- 2 on penalties after a 0 -- 0 draw after extra time to claim their second consecutive Copa América Championship in front of 82,026 fans .
History of the National Football League
In the 1970s and 1980s , the NFL solidified its dominance as America 's top spectator sport , and its important role in American culture . The Super Bowl became an unofficial national holiday and the top - rated TV program most years . Monday Night Football , which first aired in 1970 , brought in high ratings by mixing sports and entertainment . Rule changes in the late 1970s ensured a fast - paced game with lots of passing to attract the casual fan .
Houston Astros
The Astros ' acquisition of Lee May added more power to the lineup in 1972 . May , Wynn , Rader and Cedeño all had 20 or more home runs and Watson hit 16 . Cedeño also led the Astros with a . 320 batting average , 55 stolen bases and made spectacular plays on the field . Cedeño made his first All - Star game in 1972 and became the first Astros player in team history to hit for the cycle in August versus the Reds . The Astros finished the strike - shortened season at 84 - 69 , their first winning season .
History of the National Football League
NFL integration occurred only when the Cleveland Rams wanted to move to Los Angeles , and the venue , the Los Angeles Coliseum , required them to integrate their team . They then signed two black players , Kenny Washington and Woody Strode . Other NFL teams eventually followed suit , but Marshall refused to integrate the Redskins until forced to by the Kennedy administration as a pre-condition for using D.C. Stadium ( now RFK Stadium ) . In spite of this open bias , Marshall was elected to the NFL 's Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1963 . In 1946 , the Cleveland Browns of a rival Professional Football league , the All - America Football Conference , signed two black players . By 1960 , the NFL 's new competitor , the American Football League , actively recruited players from smaller predominantly black colleges that had been largely ignored by the NFL , giving those schools ' black players the opportunity to play professional football . Early AFL teams averaged more blacks than did their NFL counterparts .
FIFA World Cup
From 1930 to 1970 , the Jules Rimet Trophy was awarded to the World Cup winning team . It was originally simply known as the World Cup or Coupe du Monde , but in 1946 it was renamed after the FIFA president Jules Rimet who set up the first tournament . In 1970 , Brazil 's third victory in the tournament entitled them to keep the trophy permanently . However , the trophy was stolen in 1983 and has never been recovered , apparently melted down by the thieves . The
Minnesota Twins
Bob Casey was the Twins first public - address announcer starting in 1961 and continuing until his death in 2005 . He was well known for his unique delivery and his signature announcements of `` No smoking in the Metrodome , either go outside or quit ! '' ( or `` go back to Boston '' , etc . ) , `` Batting 3rd , the center - fielder , No. 34 , Kirby Puckett ! ! ! '' and asking fans not to ' throw anything or anybody ' onto the field .
MetLife Stadium
On August 15 , 2017 , as part of the United States joint bid with Canada and Mexico to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup , MetLife Stadium was announced as the venue to host the final .
Winter Olympic Games
St. Moritz was selected to host the first post-war Games in 1948 . Switzerland 's neutrality had protected the town during World War II , and most of the venues were in place from the 1928 Games , which made St. Moritz a logical choice . It became the first city to host a Winter Olympics twice . Twenty - eight countries competed in Switzerland , but athletes from Germany and Japan were not invited . Controversy erupted when two hockey teams from the United States arrived , both claiming to be the legitimate U.S. Olympic hockey representative . The Olympic flag presented at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp was stolen , as was its replacement . There was unprecedented parity at these Games , during which 10 countries won gold medals -- more than any Games to that point .
First indoor ice hockey game
At the time of its construction , the rink 's location at 49 Drummond Street ( now renumbered to 1187 ) placed it in the centre of the English community in Montreal , in the vicinity of McGill University . The area is known today as the `` Square Mile '' , the area of central Montreal populated then by rich English industrialists and the budding centre of commerce in Canada . One block east was Dominion Square , where annual outdoor winter sporting events and later the Montreal Winter Carnival were held . Across the street to the east , the Windsor Hotel , a long - time centre of social life and meeting place of several sports organizations , was built in 1875 . Nearby is old Windsor Station , which was the eastern terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway , built in 1889 .
The Star-Spangled Banner
The first popular music performance of the anthem heard by the mainstream U.S. was by Puerto Rican singer and guitarist José Feliciano . He created a nationwide uproar when he strummed a slow , blues - style rendition of the song at Tiger Stadium in Detroit before game five of the 1968 World Series , between Detroit and St. Louis . This rendition started contemporary `` Star - Spangled Banner '' controversies . The response from many in the Vietnam War - era U.S. was generally negative . Despite the controversy , Feliciano 's performance opened the door for the countless interpretations of the `` Star - Spangled Banner '' heard in the years since . One week after Feliciano 's performance , the anthem was in the news again when American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos lifted controversial raised fists at the 1968 Olympics while the `` Star - Spangled Banner '' played at a medal ceremony .
2018 FIFA World Cup
The official match ball of the 2018 World Cup group stage was `` Telstar 18 '' , based on the name and design of the first Adidas World Cup ball from 1970 . It was introduced on 9 November 2017 .
Space Race
On May 5 , 1961 , Alan Shepard became the first American in space , launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury - Redstone 3 , in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7 . Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin , he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft 's attitude and retro - rocket firing . After his successful return , Shepard was celebrated as a national hero , honored with parades in Washington , New York and Los Angeles , and received the NASA Distinguished Service Medal from President John F. Kennedy .
Curling
Curling Curling games taking place during the 2005 Tim Hortons Brier Highest governing body World Curling Federation Nicknames Chess On Ice , The Roaring Game First played Approximately late medieval Scotland Registered players est . 1,500,000 Characteristics Contact No Team members 4 or 3 per team ( 2 in mixed doubles ) Mixed gender Yes ; see mixed curling Type Precision and accuracy Equipment Curling brooms , stones ( rocks ) , curling shoes Venue Curling sheet Glossary Glossary of curling Presence Olympic First event in 1924 ( retroactively made official in 2006 ) . Demonstration sport in 1932 , 1988 and 1992 . Officially added in 1998 . Paralympic Wheelchair curling officially added in 2006 .
Malaysia
The Federation of Malaya Olympic Council was formed in 1953 , and received recognition by the IOC in 1954 . It first participated in the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games . The council was renamed the Olympic Council of Malaysia in 1964 , and has participated in all but one Olympic games since its inception . The largest number of athletes ever sent to the Olympics was 57 to the 1972 Munich Olympic Games . Malaysian athletes have won a total of six Olympic medals , five in Badminton , one in Platform diving . The country has competed at the Commonwealth Games since 1950 as Malaya , and 1966 as Malaysia , and the games were hosted in Kuala Lumpur in 1998 . The most common martial arts are Silat Melayu and kickboxing or tomoi .
History of the United States Merchant Marine
Another of ISU 's successes was the strike of 1919 , which resulted in wages that were `` an all - time high for deep sea sailors in peace time . '' However , ISU had its shortcomings and failures , too . After a round of failed contract negotiations , ISU issued an all - ports strike on May 1 , 1921 . The strike lasted only two months and failed , with resulting wage cuts of 25 percent . The ISU , as with all AFL unions , was criticized as being too conservative . For example , in 1923 the Industrial Workers of the World publication The Marine Worker referred to the ISU 's `` pie - cards '' ( paid officials ) as `` grafters and pimps . '' In 1929 , the California Maritime Academy established . 1930
Michigan
In 1920 WWJ ( AM ) in Detroit became the first radio station in the United States to regularly broadcast commercial programs . Throughout that decade , some of the country 's largest and most ornate skyscrapers were built in the city . Particularly noteworthy are the Fisher Building , Cadillac Place , and the Guardian Building , each of which is a National Historic Landmark ( NHL ) .
2018 FIFA World Cup
The opening ceremony took place on Thursday , 14 June 2018 , at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow , preceding the opening match of the tournament between hosts Russia and Saudi Arabia .
Basketball
The FIBA Women 's Basketball World Cup and Women 's Olympic Basketball Tournament feature top national teams from continental championships . The main North American league is the WNBA ( NCAA Women 's Division I Basketball Championship is also popular ) , whereas strongest European clubs participate in the EuroLeague Women .
2017 UEFA Champions League Final
Real Madrid qualified as the UEFA representative at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates , and also earned the right to play against the winners of the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Europa League , Manchester United , in the 2017 UEFA Super Cup .
UEFA Champions League
A. Includes West Germany clubs . No East Germany clubs appeared in a final . B. Includes Socialist Republic of Romania ( RSR ) clubs . As of 2018 , no post-RSR Romanian clubs have appeared in a final .
UEFA Champions League
The UEFA Champions League is an annual continental club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) and contested by top - division European clubs . It is one of the most prestigious tournaments in the world and the most prestigious club competition in European football , played by the national league champions ( and , for some nations , one or more runners - up ) of the strongest UEFA national associations . The UEFA Champions League final is the most watched annual sporting event worldwide . The final of the 2012 -- 13 tournament had the highest TV ratings to date , drawing 360 million television viewers .
UEFA Champions League
In 2005 -- 06 season , Liverpool and Artmedia Bratislava became the first teams to reach the Champions League group stage after playing in all three qualifying rounds . In 2008 -- 09 season , both BATE Borisov and Anorthosis Famagusta achieved the same feat . Real Madrid holds the record for the most consecutive appearances in the group stage , having qualified 21 times in a row ( 1997 -- present ) . They are followed by Arsenal on 19 ( 1998 -- 2016 ) and Manchester United on 18 ( 1996 -- 2013 ) .
Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
Only appeared in the Premier League . Investec Bank appeared in the Champions League , FA Cup , League Cup and Europa League .
UEFA Champions League
Like the FIFA World Cup , the UEFA Champions League is sponsored by a group of multinational corporations , in contrast to the single main sponsor typically found in national top - flight leagues . When the Champions League was created in 1992 , it was decided that a maximum of eight companies should be allowed to sponsor the event , with each corporation being allocated four advertising boards around the perimeter of the pitch , as well as logo placement at pre - and post-match interviews and a certain number of tickets to each match . This , combined with a deal to ensure tournament sponsors were given priority on television advertisements during matches , ensured that each of the tournament 's main sponsors was given maximum exposure .
Scottish Premier League
In 2003 , Celtic became the first Scottish club since Dundee United in 1987 to reach a European final , eventually losing 3 -- 2 to Porto after extra time in the UEFA Cup final . In 2003 -- 04 , two Scottish clubs , Celtic and Rangers , qualified for the UEFA Champions League for the first time . In 2005 -- 06 , Rangers became the first Scottish club to reach the knockout stage of the Champions League , a feat repeated by Celtic the following two seasons . In the 2007 -- 08 season , three Scottish clubs were competing in Europe after Christmas for the first time since 1970 , while in the same season , Rangers reached the 2008 UEFA Cup final , but lost 2 -- 0 to Russian club Zenit Saint Petersburg . During the season , Scotland 's European representatives collected the most coefficient points since the 1982 -- 83 season .
2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids
The United States , the last non-European candidate in the 2018 bidding cycle , withdrew its bid for that year ; hence the 2018 tournament will have to be held in UEFA . This in turn meant that CONMBEBOL and UEFA were ineligible for 2022 .
UEFA Champions League
UEFA Champions League Founded 1955 ; 63 years ago ( 1955 ) ( rebranded in 1992 ) Region Europe ( UEFA ) Number of teams 32 ( group stage ) 79 , 80 or 81 ( total ) Qualifier for UEFA Europa League UEFA Super Cup FIFA Club World Cup Related competitions UEFA Europa League Current champions Real Madrid ( 13th title ) Most successful club ( s ) Real Madrid ( 13 titles ) Television broadcasters List of broadcasters Website uefa.com 2018 -- 19 UEFA Champions League