vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Atlas Mountains
The Saharan Atlas of Algeria is the eastern portion of the Atlas mountain range . Though not as high as the Grand Atlas , they are far more imposing than the Tell Atlas range that runs to the north of them and closer to the coast . The highest peak in the range is the 2,236 m ( 7,336 ft ) high Djebel Aissa . They mark the northern edge of the Sahara Desert . The mountains see some rainfall and are better suited to agriculture than the plateau region to the north . Today most of the population of the region are Berbers ( Imazighen ) .
New Jersey
New Jersey has a strong scientific economy and is home to major pharmaceutical and telecommunications firms , drawing on the state 's large and well - educated labor pool . There is also a strong service economy in retail sales , education , and real estate , serving residents who work in New York City or Philadelphia .
Alaska
Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction , shipping , and transportation . Military bases are a significant component of the economy in the Fairbanks North Star , Anchorage and Kodiak Island boroughs , as well as Kodiak . Federal subsidies are also an important part of the economy , allowing the state to keep taxes low . Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum , natural gas , coal , gold , precious metals , zinc and other mining , seafood processing , timber and wood products . There is also a growing service and tourism sector . Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging .
New Mexico
The economy of New Mexico is dependent on oil drilling , mineral extraction , dryland farming , cattle ranching , lumber milling , and retail trade . As of 2016 - 2017 , its total gross domestic product ( GDP ) was $95 billion with a GDP per capita of $45,465 . New Mexico 's status as a tax haven yields low to moderate personal income taxes on residents and military personnel , and gives tax credits and exemptions to favorable industries . Because of this , its film industry has grown and contributed $1.23 billion to its overall economy . Due to its large area and economic climate , New Mexico has a large U.S. military presence marked notably with the White Sands Missile Range . Various U.S. national security agencies base their research and testing arms in New Mexico such as the Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories . During the 1940s , Project Y of the Manhattan Project developed and built the country 's first atomic bomb and nuclear test , Trinity .
New Mexico
Oil and gas production , tourism , and federal government spending are important drivers of the state economy . State government has an elaborate system of tax credits and technical assistance to promote job growth and business investment , especially in new technologies .
Lebanon
Lebanon 's economy follows a laissez - faire model . Most of the economy is dollarized , and the country has no restrictions on the movement of capital across its borders . The Lebanese government 's intervention in foreign trade is minimal .
Lithuania
Lithuania has open and mixed economy that is classified as high - income economy by the World Bank . According to data from 2016 , the three largest sectors in Lithuanian economy are -- services ( 68.3 % of GDP ) , industry ( 28.5 % ) and agriculture ( 3.3 % ) .
Segovia
The economy of Segovia revolves around metallurgy , agriculture , furniture , construction and , particularly , tourism . The town itself plays host to thousands of day - visitors from Madrid each year due to its popular attractions .
New Jersey
New Jersey 's economy is multifaceted , but is centered on the pharmaceutical industry , the financial industry , chemical development , telecommunications , food processing , electric equipment , printing , publishing , and tourism . New Jersey 's agricultural outputs are nursery stock , horses , vegetables , fruits and nuts , seafood , and dairy products . New Jersey ranks second among states in blueberry production , third in cranberries and spinach , and fourth in bell peppers , peaches , and head lettuce . The state harvests the fourth - largest number of acres planted with asparagus .
Karachi
With an estimated GDP of $113 billion as of 2014 , Karachi contributes the bulk of Sindh 's gross domestic product , and accounts for approximately 20 % of the total GDP of Pakistan . The city has a large informal economy which is not typically reflected in GDP estimates . The informal economy may constitute up to 36 % of Pakistan 's total economy , versus 22 % of India 's economy , and 13 % of the Chinese economy . The informal sector employs up to 70 % of the city 's workforce .
The Gambia
The Gambia has a liberal , market - based economy characterised by traditional subsistence agriculture , a historic reliance on groundnuts ( peanuts ) for export earnings , a re-export trade built up around its ocean port , low import duties , minimal administrative procedures , a fluctuating exchange rate with no exchange controls , and a significant tourism industry .
Karachi
Karachi is Pakistan 's financial and commercial capital . Since Pakistan 's independence , Karachi has been the centre of the nation 's economy , and remain 's Pakistan 's largest urban economy despite the economic stagnation caused by sociopolitical unrest during the late 1980s and 1990s .
Karachi
Karachi is now Pakistan 's premier industrial and financial centre . The city has a formal economy estimated to be worth $113 billion as of 2014 . Karachi collects over a third of Pakistan 's tax revenue , and generates approximately 20 % of Pakistan 's GDP . Approximately 30 % of Pakistani industrial output is from Karachi , while Karachi 's ports handle approximately 95 % of Pakistan 's foreign trade . Approximately 90 % of the multinational corporations operating in Pakistan are headquartered in Karachi . Up to 70 % of Karachi 's workforce is employed in the informal economy , which is typically not included in GDP calculations .
Economy of Scotland
Scotland is considered to have an advanced communications infrastructure , similar to other Western nations , and has an extensive framework of developed radio , television , landline and mobile phone , as well as broadband internet networks . As Scotland 's landmass is immense , and the population sparse , the most populated areas have been focused on for 4G connection ; mainly the Central Belt regions , Aberdeen , Dundee and Inverness . Scotland 's primary public broadcaster is BBC Scotland and operates a substantial number of television channels , including satellite channels , and numerous radio stations . Privately owned commercial TV and Radio broadcasters operate a multitude national , regional and local channels .
United States
The United States has a capitalist mixed economy which is fueled by abundant natural resources and high productivity . According to the International Monetary Fund , the U.S. GDP of $16.8 trillion constitutes 24 % of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19 % of the gross world product at purchasing power parity ( PPP ) .
Kenya
The economy of Kenya is the largest by GDP in eastern and central Africa . The capital , Nairobi , is also a regional commercial hub .
University of North Carolina
The General Assembly shall provide that the benefits of The University of North Carolina and other public institutions of higher education , as far as practicable , be extended to the people of the State free of expense .
The Gambia
The Gambia 's economy is dominated by farming , fishing and , especially , tourism . In 2015 , 48.6 % of the population lived in poverty . In rural areas poverty is even more widespread with a higher proportion of the population being poor ( almost 70 % ) .
Sales taxes in the United States
North Carolina has a state - levied sales tax of 4.75 % , effective July 1 , 2011 , with most counties adding a 2 % tax , for a total tax of 6.75 % in 72 of the 100 counties . Mecklenburg and Wake counties levy an additional 0.5 % tax , which is directed towards funding the light rail system , for a total of 7.25 % and the total sales tax in 25 other counties is 7 % . Durham County and Orange County impose an additional 0.5 % tax onto the 7 % rate for funding public transportation , making the total rate 7.5 % . The Wake County Board of Commissioners levied a Prepared Food and Beverage Tax of 1 % of the sale price of prepared food and beverages effective January 1 , 1993 , bringing the total to 7.75 % .
New Mexico
Federal government spending is a major driver of the New Mexico economy . In 2005 , the federal government spent $2.03 on New Mexico for every dollar of tax revenue collected from the state . This rate of return is higher than any other state in the Union .
Economy of Scotland
Economy of Scotland Edinburgh : Scotland 's capital city Currency Pound Sterling ( GBP £ ) Fiscal year 1 September -- 31 August Trade organisations EU , WTO , OECD Statistics GDP $233.332 billion ( Nominal ; 2015 est . ) ( including revenues from North Sea oil and gas ) GDP growth 0.1 % ( Q2 2017 ) GDP per capita $43,410 ( including revenues from North Sea oil and gas ) GDP by sector Agriculture : 1 % Construction : 6 % Production : 18 % Services : 75 % ( 2016 est . ) Inflation ( CPI ) 1.6 % ( YTD January 2017 ) Population below poverty line 15 % ( UK , 2014 est . ) Gini coefficient 0.332 ( UK , 2015 ) Labour force 2,610,000 ( 2017 est . ) Unemployment 4.1 % Average gross salary £ 2,480 / € 3,373 / $3,814 monthly ( 2014 ) Average net salary £ 1,730 / € 2,064 / $2,793 monthly ( 2011 ) Main industries Agriculture , Banking & Finance , Computing , Construction , Defence , Electronics , Emergency Services , Fishing , Food & Drink , Forestry , Life Sciences , Oil & Gas , Renewable Energy , Shipbuilding , Textiles , Tourism , Transport Ease - of - doing - business rank 7th ( UK ) ( 2017 ) External Exports £ 78.6 bn ( 2015 figures . ) Export goods Aerospace & Naval Systems , Barley , Automobiles , Business & Financial Services , Chemical Products , Computers , Computer Software , Electricity , Electronics , Fish , Confectionery , Oil & Gas , Pharmaceuticals , Renewable Energy , Scotch Whisky , Ships , Textiles , Timber , Water Main export partners Rest of United Kingdom Rest of European Union United States Main import partners Rest of United Kingdom Rest of European Union United States All values , unless otherwise stated , are in US dollars .
University of North Carolina
Article IX of the current version of the North Carolina Constitution deals with all forms of public education in the state . Sections 8 and 9 of that article address higher education . Sec. 8 . Higher education .
Economy of the Bahamas
The Bahamas is a stable , developing nation in the Caribbean with a population of 391,232 ( 2016 ) and an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking . Steady growth in tourism receipts and a boom in construction of new hotels , resorts , and residences had led to solid GDP growth for many years , but the slowdown in the US economy and the attacks of September 11 , 2001 held back growth in these sectors in 2001 - 03 . Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy , accounting for about 15 % of GDP . However , since December 2000 , when the government enacted new regulations on the financial sector , many international businesses have left the Bahamas . Manufacturing and agriculture together contribute approximately 10 % of GDP and show little growth , despite government incentives for those sectors . Overall growth prospects in the short run rest heavily on the fortunes of the tourism sector , which depends on growth in the US , the source of more than 80 % of the visitors . In addition to tourism and banking , the government supports the development of a `` 2nd - pillar '' , e-commerce .
Economy of the Bahamas
The Bahamas has the 47th freest economy in the world according to The Heritage Foundation 2010 Index of Economic Freedom . The Bahamas is ranked 7th out of 29 countries in the South and Central America / Caribbean region , and its overall score is higher than the regional and world averages . Total government spending , including consumption and transfer payments , is relatively low . In the most recent year , government spending was 23.4 % of GDP .
Economy of Scotland
In Scotland , GDP per capita varies from € 16,200 in North & East Ayrshire to € 50,400 in Edinburgh city . 1.1 million ( 20 % of Scots ) live in these five deprived ( GDP per person is under € 20,000 ) Scottish districts : Clackmannshire & Fife , East & Mid Lothian , West Dumbartonshire , East & North Ayrshire , Caithness Sutherland & Ross . Relative
Economy of Mexico
Using relatively recent night light data and electricity consumption in comparison with Gross County Product , the informal sector of the local economy in Veracruz state is shown to have grown during the period of the Fox Administration though the regional government remained PRI . The assumption that the informal economy of Mexico is a constant 30 % of total economic activity is not supported at the local level . The small amount of local spatial autocorrelation that was found suggests a few clusters of high and low literacy rates amongst municipios in Veracruz but not enough to warrant including an I - statistic as a regressor . Global spatial autocorrelation is found especially literacy at the macro-regional level which is an area for further research beyond this study .
Economy of Mexico
As compared with the United States or countries in Western Europe a larger sector of Mexico 's industrial economy is food manufacturing which includes several world class companies but the regional industry is undeveloped . There are national brands that have become international and local Mom and Pop producers but little manufacturing in between .
Oklahoma
A major producer of natural gas , oil , and agricultural products , Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation , energy , telecommunications , and biotechnology . Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma 's primary economic anchors , with nearly two - thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas .
Vermont
One measure of economic activity is retail sales . The state had $5.2 billion in 2007 . In 2008 , 8,631 new businesses were registered in Vermont , a decline of 500 from 2007 .
Bradford
Bradford 's textile industry has been in decline for many years and the city has suffered from de-industrialisation . Some areas of Bradford are among the worst levels of social deprivation in the UK , with widespread pockets of exclusion , and rates of unemployment in some wards exceeding 25 % , though other areas of Bradford are among the least deprived in the UK . The economy is worth around £ 9.5 billion , making Bradford 's economy a major powerhouse in the region and is forecast to grow to more than £ 10 billion by 2018 , contributing around 8.4 % of the region 's output , and making the district the third largest ( after Leeds and Sheffield ) in Yorkshire & Humber . The economy has diversified and the city is home to several major companies , notably in finance ( Yorkshire Building Society , Provident Financial , Santander UK ) , textiles ( British Wool Marketing Board , Bulmer and Lumb Group ) , chemicals ( BASF , Nufarm UK ) , electronics ( Pace Micro , Filtronic ) , engineering ( NG Bailey , Powell Switchgear ) , and manufacturing , ( Denso Marston , Bailey Offsite , Hallmark Cards UK and Seabrook Potato Crisps ) . Supermarket chain Morrisons has its head office in Bradford as does water utility company Yorkshire Water .
Economy of Scotland
Infrastructure in Scotland is varied in its provision and its quality . The densest network of roads and railways is concentrated in the Central Lowlands of the country where around 70 % of the population live . The motorway and trunk road network is principally centred on the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow and connecting them to other major concentrations of population , and is vitally important to the economy of Scotland . Key routes include the M8 motorway , which is one of the busiest and most important major routes in Scotland , with other primary routes such as the A9 connecting the Highlands to the Central Belt , and the A90 / M90 connecting Edinburgh and Aberdeen in the east . The M74 and A1 , in the west and east of the country , respectively , provide the main road corridors from Scotland to England . Many roads in the Highlands are single track , with passing places .
Economy of the Bahamas
The Bahamas is largely an import , service economy . There are about 110 U.S. - affiliated businesses operating in the Bahamas , and most are associated with tourism and banking . With few domestic resources and little industry , the Bahamas imports nearly all its food and manufactured goods from the United States . American goods and services tend to be favored by Bahamians due to cultural similarities and heavy exposure to American advertising .
Economy of Scotland
It is estimated that tourism accounts for 5 % of Scotland 's GDP . Scotland is a well - developed tourist destination with attractions ranging from unspoilt countryside , mountains and abundant history . The tourism economy and tourism related industries in Scotland support c. 196,000 in 2014 mainly in the service sector accounting for around 7.7 % of employment in Scotland . In 2014 , over 15.5 million overnight tourism trips were taken in Scotland , for which visitor expenditure totalled £ 4.8 billion . Domestic tourists ( those from the United Kingdom ) make up the bulk of visitors to Scotland . In 2014 , for example , UK visitors made 12.5 million visits to Scotland , staying 41.6 million nights and spending £ 2.9 billion . In contrast , overseas residents made 2.7 million visits to Scotland , staying 21.5 million nights and spending £ 1.8 million . In terms of overseas visitors , those from the United States made up 15 % of visits to Scotland , with the United States being the largest source of overseas visitors , and Germany ( 13 % ) , France ( 7 % ) , Australia ( 6 % ) and Canada ( 5 % ) following behind .
Economy of the Bahamas
The country 's infrastructure is best developed in the principal cities of Nassau and Freeport , where there are relatively good paved roads and international airports . Electricity is generally reliable , although many businesses have their own backup generators . In Nassau , there are two daily newspapers , three weeklies , and several international newspapers available for sale . There also are eight radio stations . Both Nassau and Freeport have a television station . Cable TV also is available locally and provides most American programs with some Canadian and European channels .
Rhode Island
The 50 years following the Civil War were a time of prosperity and affluence that author William G. McLoughlin calls `` Rhode Island 's halcyon era . '' Rhode Island was a center of the Gilded Age and provided a home or summer home to many of the country 's most prominent industrialists . This was a time of growth in textile mills and manufacturing and brought an influx of immigrants to fill those jobs , bringing population growth and urbanization . In Newport , New York 's wealthiest industrialists created a summer haven to socialize and build grand mansions . Thousands of French - Canadian , Italian , Irish , and Portuguese immigrants arrived to fill jobs in the textile and manufacturing mills in Providence , Pawtucket , Central Falls , and Woonsocket .
Atlanta
With a GDP of $304 billion , the Metro Atlanta economy is the eighth - largest in the country and 17th - largest in the world . Corporate operations play a major role in the economy , as the city claims the country 's third - largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies , and hosts the global headquarters of corporations such as The Coca - Cola Company , The Home Depot , Delta Air Lines , AT&T Mobility , Chick - fil - A , and UPS . Over 75 percent of Fortune 1000 companies conduct business operations in metro Atlanta , and the region hosts offices of over 1,250 multinational corporations . Many corporations are drawn to Atlanta by the city 's educated workforce ; as of 2014 , 45 % of adults 25 or older in the city have at least 4 - year college degrees , compared to the national average of 28 % . The
Economy of England in the Middle Ages
Although primarily rural , England had a number of old , economically important towns in 1066 . A large amount of trade came through the Eastern towns , including London , York , Winchester , Lincoln , Norwich , Ipswich and Thetford . Much of this trade was with France , the Low Countries and Germany , but the North - East of England traded with partners as far away as Sweden . Cloth was already being imported to England before the invasion through the mercery trade .
History of Mexico
Mexico has a free market economy that recently entered the trillion - dollar class . It contains a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture , increasingly dominated by the private sector . Recent administrations have expanded competition in sea ports , railroads , telecommunications , electricity generation , natural gas distribution , and airports .
Cherokee
The modern Cherokee Nation , in recent times , has experienced an almost unprecedented expansion in economic growth , equality , and prosperity for its citizens . The Cherokee Nation , under the leadership of Principal Chief Bill John Baker , has significant business , corporate , real estate , and agricultural interests . The CN controls Cherokee Nation Entertainment , Cherokee Nation Industries , and Cherokee Nation Businesses . CNI is a very large defense contractor that creates thousands of jobs in eastern Oklahoma for Cherokee citizens .
New Jersey
New Jersey 's location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis and its extensive transportation system have put over one - third of all United States residents and many Canadian residents within overnight distance by land . This accessibility to consumer revenue has enabled seaside resorts such as Atlantic City and the remainder of the Jersey Shore , as well as the state 's other natural and cultural attractions , to contribute significantly to New Jersey 's tourism revenue of $43.4 billion and 95 million tourist visits in 2015 , directly supporting 318,330 jobs and sustaining more than 512,000 jobs including peripheral impacts . Gambling
Oklahoma
Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including aviation , energy , transportation equipment , food processing , electronics , and telecommunications . Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas , aircraft , and food . The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas , is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state , and also ranks 5th in production of wheat . Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma , and it has been rated one of the most business - friendly states in the nation , with the 7th - lowest tax burden in 2007 .
History of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania played a central role in the American Revolution , and Philadelphia served as the nation 's capital for a portion of the 18th century . It was the second most populous state in the country from the 18th century into the 20th century , and Philadelphia was the second most populous city in the nation . Pennsylvania also expanded its borders into northwestern , northeastern , and southwestern Pennsylvania , and Pittsburgh grew into one of America 's largest and most prominent cities . The state played an important role in the Union 's victory in the American Civil War . After the war , Pennsylvania grew into a Republican stronghold and a major manufacturing and transportation center . After the Great Depression and World War II , Pennsylvania moved towards the service industry and became a swing state .