vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Sales taxes in the United States
Unlike other states , rent , medical services and perishable foods are subject to the excise tax . Also , unlike other states , businesses are not required to show the tax separately on the receipt , as it is technically part of the selling price . Most retail businesses in Hawaii , however , do list the tax as a separate line item. 4.0 % is charged at retail with an additional 0.5 % surcharge in the City and County of Honolulu ( for a total of 4.5 % on Oahu sales ) , and 0.5 % is charged on wholesale . However , the state also allows `` tax on tax '' to be charged , which effectively means a customer can be billed as much as 4.166 % ( 4.712 % on Oahu ) . The exact dollar or percentage amount to be added must be quoted to customers within or along with the price . The 0.5 % surcharge on Oahu was implemented to fund the new rail transport system . As with sales tax in other states , nonprofit organizations may apply for an exemption from the tax .
History of Walmart
This article covers the history of Walmart , the large international discount retail chain .
Economy of New Zealand
Present - day telecommunications in New Zealand include telephony , radio , television , and internet usage . A competitive telecommunications market has seen mobile prices drop to some of the lowest in the OECD . The copper wire and fibre cable networks are mostly owned by Chorus Limited , a publicly listed company . Chorus wholesales services to retail providers ( such as Spark ) . In the mobile sector , there are three operators : Spark , Vodafone and 2degrees . Internet
Sales taxes in the United States
Illinois ' sales and use tax scheme includes four major divisions : Retailers ' Occupation Tax , Use Tax , Service Occupation Tax and the Service Use Tax . Each of these taxes is administered by the Illinois Department of Revenue . The Retailers ' Occupation Tax is imposed upon persons engaged in the business of selling tangible personal property to purchasers for use or consumption . It is measured by the gross receipts of the retailer . The base rate of 6.25 % is broken down as follows : 5 % State , 1 % City , 0.25 % County . Local governments may impose additional tax resulting in a combined rate that ranges from the State minimum of 6.25 % to 9.00 % as of May 2013 .
Economy of India
Acquiror Name Acquiror Mid Industry Acquiror Nation Target Name Target Mid Industry Target Nation Value of Transaction ( $ mil ) Petrol Complex Pte Ltd Oil & Gas Singapore Essar Oil Ltd Oil & Gas India 12,907.25 Vodafone Grp Plc Wireless United Kingdom Hutchison Essar Ltd Telecommunications Services India 12,748.00 Vodafone Grp PLC - Vodafone Asts Wireless India Idea Cellular Ltd - Mobile Bus Wireless India 11,627.32 Bharti Airtel Ltd Wireless India MTN Group Ltd Wireless South Africa 11,387.52 Bharti Airtel Ltd Wireless India Zain Africa BV Wireless Nigeria 10,700.00 BP PLC Oil & Gas United Kingdom Reliance Industries Ltd - 21 Oil Oil & Gas India 9,000.00 MTN Group Ltd Wireless South Africa Bharti Airtel Ltd Wireless India 8,775.09 Shareholders Other Financials India Reliance Inds Ltd - Telecom Bus Telecommunications Services India 8,063.01 Oil & Natural Gas Corp Ltd Oil & Gas India Hindustan Petro Corp Ltd Petrochemicals India 5,784.20 Reliance Commun Ventures Ltd Telecommunications Services India Reliance Infocomm Ltd Telecommunications Services India 5,577.18
Health insurance in India
Health insurance in India is a growing segment of India 's economy . In 2011 , 3.9 % of India 's gross domestic product was spent in the health sector . According to the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) , this is among the lowest of the BRICS ( Brazil , Russia , India , China , South Africa ) economies . Policies are available that offer both individual and family cover . Out of this 3.9 % , health insurance accounts for 5 - 10 % of expenditure , employers account for around 9 % while personal expenditure amounts to an astounding 82 % . In the year 2016 , the NSSO released the report `` Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India : Health '' based on its 71st round of surveys . The survey carried out in the year 2014 found out that , more than 80 % of Indians are not covered under any health insurance plan , and only 18 % ( government funded 12 % ) of the urban population and 14 % ( government funded 13 % ) of the rural population was covered under any form of health insurance .
Franchising
The Spanish Retail Trading Act regulates franchising . The contents of the franchise must include , at least :
Open market operation
India 's Open Market Operation is much influenced by the fact that it is a developing country and that the capital flows are very different from those in developed countries . Thus Reserve Bank of India ( India 's central bank ) has to make policies and use instruments accordingly . Prior to the 1991 financial reforms , RBI 's major source of funding and control over credit and interest rates was the CRR ( Cash reserve ratio ) and the SLR ( Statutory Liquidity Ratio ) . But after the reforms , the use of CRR as an effective tool was de-emphasized and the use of open market operations increased . OMO 's are more effective in adjusting ( market liquidity ) .
Education in India
Besides top rated universities which provide highly competitive world class education to their pupils , India is also home to many universities which have been founded with the sole objective of making easy money . Regulatory authorities like UGC and AICTE have been trying very hard to extirpate the menace of private universities which are running courses without any affiliation or recognition . Indian Government has failed to check on these education shops , which are run by big businessmen & politicians . Many private colleges and universities do not fulfil the required criterion by the Government and central bodies ( UGC , AICTE , MCI , BCI etc . ) and take students for a ride . For example , many institutions in India continue to run unaccredited courses as there is no legislation strong enough to ensure legal action against them . Quality assurance mechanisms have failed to stop misrepresentations and malpractices in higher education . At the same time regulatory bodies have been accused of corruption , specifically in the case of deemed - universities . In this context of lack of solid quality assurance mechanism , institutions need to step - up and set higher standards of self - regulation .
Fair trade
The Asia Fair Trade Forum aims to increase the competency of fair trade organizations in Asia so they can be more competitive in the global market . Garment factories in Asian countries including China , Burma , and Bangladesh consistently receive charges of human rights violations , including the use of child labour . These violations conflict with the principles outlined by fair trade certifiers . In India , Trade Alternative Reform Action ( Tara ) Projects formed in the 1970s have worked to increase production capacity , quality standards , and entrance into markets for home - based craftsmen that were previously unattainable due to their lower caste identity .
Retail design
Straight plan : this plan divides transitional areas from one part of the store to the other by using walls to display merchandise . It also leads the consumer to the back of the store . This design can be used for a variety of stores ranging from pharmacies to apparel . Pathway plan : is most suitable for large stores that are single level . In this plan there is a path that is unobstructed by shop fixtures , this smoothly guides the consumer through to the back of the store . This is well suited for apparel department stores , as the clothes will be easily accessible . Diagonal plan : uses perimeter design which cause angular traffic flow . The cashier is in a central location and easily accessible . This plan is most suited for self - service retail . Curved plan : aims to create an intimate environment that is inviting . In this plan there is an emphasis on the structure of the space including the walls , corners and ceiling this is achieved by making the structure curved and is enhance by circular floor fixtures . Although this is a more expensive layout it is more suited to smaller spaces like salons and boutiques . Varied plan : in this plan attention is drawn to special focus areas , as well as having storage areas that line the wall . This is best suited for footwear and jewellery retail stores . Geometric plan : uses the racks and the retail floor fixtures to create a geometric floor plan and circulation movement . By lowering parts of the ceiling certain areas can create defined retail spaces . This is well suited for appeal stores .
Retail design
A retail designer must create a thematic experience for the consumer , by using spatial cues to entertain as well as entice the consumer to purchase goods and interact with the space . The success of their designs are not measured by design critics but rather the records of the store which compare amount of foot traffic against the overall productivity . Retail designers have an acute awareness that the store and their designs are the background to the merchandise and are only there to represent and create the best possible environment in which to reflect the merchandise to the target consumer group .
Starbucks
In January 2011 , Starbucks and Tata Coffee , Asia 's largest coffee plantation company , announced plans for a strategic alliance to bring Starbucks to India and also to source and roast coffee beans at Tata Coffee 's Kodagu facility . Despite a false start in 2007 , in January 2012 , Starbucks announced a 50 : 50 joint venture with Tata Global Beverages called Tata Starbucks . Tata Starbucks will own and operate Starbucks outlets in India as Starbucks Coffee `` A Tata Alliance '' . Starbucks opened its first store in India in Mumbai on October 19 , 2012 . Starbucks
Health insurance in India
This article or section contains close paraphrasing of a non-free copyrighted source , http://www.policyholder.gov.in/uploads/CEDocuments/Health%20Insurance%20Handbook.pdf ( Duplication Detector report ) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Ideas in this article should be expressed in an original manner . ( January 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
Diamond
Once purchased by Sightholders ( which is a trademark term referring to the companies that have a three - year supply contract with DTC ) , diamonds are cut and polished in preparation for sale as gemstones ( ' industrial ' stones are regarded as a by - product of the gemstone market ; they are used for abrasives ) . The cutting and polishing of rough diamonds is a specialized skill that is concentrated in a limited number of locations worldwide . Traditional diamond cutting centers are Antwerp , Amsterdam , Johannesburg , New York City , and Tel Aviv . Recently , diamond cutting centers have been established in China , India , Thailand , Namibia and Botswana . Cutting centers with lower cost of labor , notably Surat in Gujarat , India , handle a larger number of smaller carat diamonds , while smaller quantities of larger or more valuable diamonds are more likely to be handled in Europe or North America . The recent expansion of this industry in India , employing low cost labor , has allowed smaller diamonds to be prepared as gems in greater quantities than was previously economically feasible .
Franchising
China has the most franchises in the world but the scale of their operations is relatively small . Each system in China has an average of 43 outlets , compared to more than 540 in the United States . Together , there are 2600 brands in some 200,000 retail markets . KFC was the most significant foreign entry in 1987 and is widespread Many franchises are in fact joint - ventures , as at their forming the franchise law was not explicit . For example , McDonald 's is a joint venture . Pizza Hut , TGIF , Wal - mart , Starbucks followed a little later . But total franchising is only 3 % of retail trade , which seeks foreign franchise growth .
Mexico City
The Historic Center of Mexico City is widely known for specialized , often low - cost retailers . Certain blocks or streets are dedicated to shops selling a certain type of merchandise , with areas dedicated to over 40 categories such as home appliances , lamps and electricals , closets and bathrooms , housewares , wedding dresses , jukeboxes , printing , office furniture and safes , books , photography , jewelry , and opticians . The main department stores are also represented downtown .
Metrication in the United Kingdom
Much of the retail industry was metricated during 1977 and 1978 by means of statutory orders .
Retail design
The rise of the internet and internet retailing in the latter part of the 20th century and into the 21st century saw another change in retail design to compensate . Many different sectors not related to the internet reached out to retail design and its practices to lure online shoppers back to physical shops , where retail design can be properly utilized .
Health insurance in India
Health insurance in India typically pays for only inpatient hospitalization and for treatment at hospitals in India . Outpatient services were not payable under health policies in India . The first health policies in India were Mediclaim Policies . In 2000 government of India liberalized insurance and allowed private players into the insurance sector . The advent of private insurers in India saw the introduction of many innovative products like family floater plans , top - up plans , critical illness plans , hospital cash and top up policies .
Education in India
At the primary and secondary level , India has a large private school system complementing the government run schools , with 29 % of students receiving private education in the 6 to 14 age group . Certain post-secondary technical schools are also private . The private education market in India had a revenue of US $450 million in 2008 , but is projected to be a US $40 billion market .
List of major shopping centres in Australia by size
There are many different types of shopping centres in Australia . In 2015 , the Shopping Centre Council of Australia identified Australia had 1,753 existing shopping centres , being defined as a major integrated retail centre with at least 1,000 m ( 11,000 sq ft ) of lettable retail floor - space . Of the 1,753 shopping centres , 67 are defined as regional centres , 107 as central business district centres , and 16 as outlet centres . The remaining centres are smaller sub-regional centres , neighbourhood centres or speciality shops ; with typically less than 10,000 m ( 110,000 sq ft ) gross leasable area .
Mexico City
Mexico City offers an immense and varied consumer retail market , ranging from basic foods to ultra high - end luxury goods . Consumers may buy in fixed indoor markets , mobile markets ( tianguis ) , from street vendors , from downtown shops in a street dedicated to a certain type of good , in convenience stores and traditional neighborhood stores , in modern supermarkets , in warehouse and membership stores and the shopping centers that they anchor , in department stores , big - box stores and in modern shopping malls .
Taxation in the United States
Unlike value added tax , sales tax is imposed only once , at the retail level , on any particular goods . Nearly all jurisdictions provide numerous categories of goods and services that are exempt from sales tax , or taxed at a reduced rate . Purchase of goods for further manufacture or for resale is uniformly exempt from sales tax . Most jurisdictions exempt food sold in grocery stores , prescription medications , and many agricultural supplies . Generally cash discounts , including coupons , are not included in the price used in computing tax .
Chennai
Chennai is one of four Indian cities connected to the rest of the world by undersea fibre - optic cables , the other three being Mumbai , Kochi , and Tuticorin . The city is the landing point of major submarine telecommunication cable networks such as SMW ( connecting India with Western Europe , Middle East and Southeast Asia ) , i2i ( connecting India with Singapore ) , TIC ( connecting India with Singapore ) , and BRICS ( connecting India with Brasil , Russia , China and South Africa ) . The 3,175 - km - long , 8 - fiber - paired i2i has the world 's largest design capacity of 8.4 terabits per second .
Fair trade
Under EU law ( Directive 2005 / 29 / EC on Unfair Commercial Practices ) the criminal offence of Unfair Trading is committed if ( a ) ' it contains false information and is therefore untruthful or in any way , including overall presentation , deceives or is likely to deceive the average consumer , even if the information is factually correct ' , ( b ) ' it omits material information that the average consumer needs ... and thereby causes or is likely to cause the average consumer to take a transactional decision that he would not have taken otherwise ' or ( c ) ' fails to identify the commercial intent of the commercial practice ... ( which ) causes or is likely to cause the average consumer to take a transactional decision that he would not have taken otherwise . ' Griffiths ( 2011 ) points to false claims that Fairtrade producers get higher prices , the almost universal failure to disclose the extra price charged for Fairtrade products , to disclose how much of this actually reaches the developing world , to disclose what this is spent on in the developing world , to disclose how much , if any , reaches farmers , and to disclose the harm that Fairtrade does to non-Fairtrade farmers . He also points to the failure to disclose when ' the primary commercial intent ' is to make money for retailers and distributors in rich countries . Unethical
India
Aside from ongoing special relationship with Russia , India has wide - ranging defence relations with Israel and France . In recent years , it has played key roles in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and the World Trade Organisation . The nation has provided 100,000 military and police personnel to serve in 35 UN peacekeeping operations across four continents . It participates in the East Asia Summit , the G8 + 5 , and other multilateral forums . India has close economic ties with South America , Asia , and Africa ; it pursues a `` Look East '' policy that seeks to strengthen partnerships with the ASEAN nations , Japan , and South Korea that revolve around many issues , but especially those involving economic investment and regional security . INS
Nike, Inc.
Nike has contracted with more than 700 shops around the world and has offices located in 45 countries outside the United States . Most of the factories are located in Asia , including Indonesia , China , Taiwan , India , Thailand , Vietnam , Pakistan , Philippines , and Malaysia . Nike is hesitant to disclose information about the contract companies it works with . However , due to harsh criticism from some organizations like CorpWatch , Nike has disclosed information about its contract factories in its Corporate Governance Report .
Mail order
Rising paper , printing , and postage costs have caused some traditional catalogue merchants , such as Bloomingdale 's , to suspend their printed catalogues and sell only through websites . Also , while some Internet merchants are or were also catalogue merchants , many have never had a printed catalogue .
Franchising
France is one of Europe 's largest markets . Similar to the United States , it has a long history of franchising , dating back to the 1930s . Growth came in the 1970s . The market is considered difficult for outside franchisors because of cultural characteristics , yet McDonald 's and Century 21 are found everywhere . There are some 30 U.S. firms involved in franchising in France .
Automotive industry in India
Ajanta Group . Hero Electric . Mahindra . Reva , now Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles . Tara International . Tata Motors .
Nepanagar
Nepa Ltd is centrally located in the ranges of Satpura , 525 km North East of Mumbai at Nepanagar . The Company was taken over by the Government of Central Province and Berar at present Madhya Pradesh in October 1949 . The commercial production commenced on 26 April 1956 . Subsequently , the Government of India took over controlling interest in 1958 . Till 16 August 1996 , NEPA was using wood pulp for paper - making . The mill has successfully switched over operations with only waste paper recycling route .
Health insurance in India
Launched in 1986 , the health insurance industry has grown significantly mainly due to liberalization of economy and general awareness . According to the World Bank , by 2010 , more than 25 % of India 's population had access to some form of health insurance . There are standalone health insurers along with government sponsored health insurance providers . Until recently , to improve the awareness and reduce the procrastination for buying health insurance , the General Insurance Corporation of India and the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority had launched an awareness campaign for all segments of the population .
Education in India
The Indian government lays emphasis on primary education , also referred to as elementary education , to children aged 6 to 14 years old . Because education laws are given by the states , duration of primary school visit alters between the Indian states . The Indian government has also banned child labour in order to ensure that the children do not enter unsafe working conditions . However , both free education and the ban on child labour are difficult to enforce due to economic disparity and social conditions . 80 % of all recognised schools at the elementary stage are government run or supported , making it the largest provider of education in the country .
Indian rupee
RBI also exercises a system of capital controls in addition to ( through active trading ) in currency markets . On the current account , there are no currency - conversion restrictions hindering buying or selling foreign exchange ( although trade barriers exist ) . On the capital account , foreign institutional investors have convertibility to bring money into and out of the country and buy securities ( subject to quantitative restrictions ) . Local firms are able to take capital out of the country in order to expand globally . However , local households are restricted in their ability to diversify globally . Because of the expansion of the current and capital accounts , India is increasingly moving towards full de facto convertibility .
Dutch East India Company
This section contains a list of miscellaneous information . Please relocate any relevant information into other sections or articles . ( February 2018 ) See
Indian painting
In post-liberalisation India , many artists have established themselves in the international art market like Anish Kapoor and Chintan whose mammoth artworks have acquired attention for their sheer size . Many art houses and galleries have also opened in USA and Europe to showcase Indian artworks. Some artists like chiman dangi ( painter , printmaker ) Bhupat Dudi , Subodh Gupta , Piu Sarkar , Vagaram Choudhary , Amitava Sengupta and many others have done magic worldwide. Chhaya Ghosh is a gifted painter , and is pretty active in Triveni Art Gallery , New Delhi .
India
Since the end of the Cold War , India has increased its economic , strategic , and military co-operation with the United States and the European Union . In 2008 , a civilian nuclear agreement was signed between India and the United States . Although India possessed nuclear weapons at the time and was not party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty , it received waivers from the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear Suppliers Group , ending earlier restrictions on India 's nuclear technology and commerce . As a consequence , India became the sixth de facto nuclear weapons state . India subsequently signed co-operation agreements involving civilian nuclear energy with Russia , France , the United Kingdom , and Canada . Leaders