vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Basketball
A block is performed when , after a shot is attempted , a defender succeeds in altering the shot by touching the ball . In almost all variants of play , it is illegal to touch the ball after it is in the downward path of its arc ; this is known as goaltending . It is also illegal under NBA and Men 's NCAA basketball to block a shot after it has touched the backboard , or when any part of the ball is directly above the rim . Under international rules it is illegal to block a shot that is in the downward path of its arc or one that has touched the backboard until the ball has hit the rim . After the ball hits the rim , it is again legal to touch it even though it is no longer considered as a block performed .
Society of the United States
Automobiles play a great role in American culture , whether it is in the mundane lives of private individuals or in the areas of arts and entertainment . The rise of suburbs and the desire for workers to commute to cities brought about the popularization of automobiles . In 2001 , 90 % of Americans drove to work in cars . Lower energy and land costs favor the production of relatively large , powerful cars . The culture in the 1950s and 1960s often catered to the automobile with motels and drive - in restaurants . Americans tend to view obtaining a driver 's license as a rite of passage . Outside of a relative few urban areas , it is considered a necessity for most Americans to own and drive cars . New York City is the only locality in the United States where more than half of all households do not own a car .
Michael Jordan
In the 1992 Summer Olympics , he was a member of the star - studded squad that included Magic Johnson , Larry Bird , and David Robinson and was dubbed the `` Dream Team '' . Jordan was the only player to start all 8 games in the Olympics . Playing limited minutes due to the frequent blowouts , Jordan averaged 14.9 ppg , finishing second on the team in scoring . Jordan and fellow Dream Team members Patrick Ewing and Chris Mullin are the only American men 's basketball players to win Olympic gold medals as amateurs and professionals .
Michael Jordan
In February 2010 , it was reported that Jordan was seeking majority ownership of the Bobcats . As February wore on , it became apparent that Jordan and former Houston Rockets president George Postolos were the leading contenders for ownership of the team . On February 27 , the Bobcats announced that Johnson had reached an agreement with Jordan and his group , MJ Basketball Holdings , to buy the team pending NBA approval . On March 17 , the NBA Board of Governors unanimously approved Jordan 's purchase , making him the first former player to become the majority owner of an NBA team . It also made him the league 's only African - American majority owner of an NBA team .
Philippines
The common use of the English language is an example of the American impact on Philippine society . It has contributed to the ready acceptance and influence of American pop cultural trends . This affinity is seen in Filipinos ' love of fast food and American film and music . Fast food outlets are found on many street corners . American global fast food chain stalwarts have entered the market , but local fast food chains like Goldilocks and most notably Jollibee , the leading fast food chain in the country , have emerged and compete successfully against their foreign rivals .
Basketball court
The international distance , used in most countries outside the United States and in FIBA and WNBA competition , is currently 6.6 m ( 21.65 ft ) to 6.75 m ( 22.15 ft ) .
List of oldest and youngest National Basketball Association players
NBA players usually come from U.S. college basketball . In the past , a college player had to complete his four - year college eligibility before he could enter the league through the NBA Draft or as a free agent . In the 1970s , the league began to allow college underclassmen and high school players to enter the league . However , the trend of drafting high school players only began in the mid 1990s . This has led to more younger players entering the league directly after high school graduation . In 2005 , the league and the players ' union agreed on a new collective bargaining agreement that includes a minimum age limit which requires that players who wish to enter the league must be at least 19 years old on December 31 of the year of the draft , and at least one year removed from high school . International players who did not play college basketball also have to be at least 19 years old on the same date to be able to play in the NBA . Despite a trend toward drafting younger players , the NBA has a higher average age than it had in the 1980s . However , since the NBA introduced the minimum age limit in 2005 , the league 's average age has decreased in the past few seasons .
Gambling in New Jersey
The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) , the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , the National Football League ( NFL ) , the National Hockey League , and Major League Baseball filed a federal lawsuit against New Jersey to prevent sports betting , based on the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 which banned sports betting in all but four states . In February 2013 , United States District Court judge Michael A. Shipp ruled in favor of the athletic leagues , and barred New Jersey from issuing sports betting licenses . The court ruled that under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution , the regulation of gambling and the granting of a grandfather clause to four states is within Congress 's power . In September 2013 , a three - judge panel from the 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals voted 2 - 1 to uphold Shipp 's decision . Christie said he will appeal the case to the United States Supreme Court .
Basketball
Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball continuously with one hand , and is a requirement for a player to take steps with the ball . To dribble , a player pushes the ball down towards the ground with the fingertips rather than patting it ; this ensures greater control .
LeBron James
Prior to the start of James ' junior year , he appeared in SLAM Magazine and was lauded as possibly `` the best high school basketball player in America right now '' by writer Ryan Jones . During the season , he appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated , becoming the first high school basketball underclassman to do so . With averages of 29 points , 8.3 rebounds , 5.7 assists , and 3.3 steals per game , he was again named Ohio Mr. Basketball and selected to the USA Today All - USA First Team , and became the first junior to be named boys ' basketball Gatorade National Player of the Year . St. Vincent - St. Mary finished the year with a 23 -- 4 record , ending their season with a loss in the Division II championship game . Following the loss , James seriously considered declaring for the 2002 NBA draft , unsuccessfully petitioning for an adjustment to the NBA 's draft eligibility rules that required prospective players to have at least graduated from high school . During this time , he used marijuana to help cope with the stress that resulted from the constant media attention he was receiving .
Basketball
Another type of pass is the bounce pass . Here , the passer bounces the ball crisply about two - thirds of the way from his own chest to the receiver . The ball strikes the court and bounces up toward the receiver . The bounce pass takes longer to complete than the chest pass , but it is also harder for the opposing team to intercept ( kicking the ball deliberately is a violation ) . Thus , players often use the bounce pass in crowded moments , or to pass around a defender .
Basketball court
In basketball , the basketball court is the playing surface , consisting of a rectangular floor with tiles at either end . In professional or organized basketball , especially when played indoors , it is usually made out of a wood , often maple , and highly polished . Outdoor surfaces are generally made from standard paving materials such as concrete or asphalt .
Salt Lake City
Winter sports , such as skiing and snowboarding , are popular activities in the Wasatch Mountains east of Salt Lake City . Eight ski resorts lie within 50 miles ( 80 km ) of the city . Alta , Brighton , Solitude , and Snowbird all lie directly to the southeast in the Wasatch Mountains , while nearby Park City contains three more resorts . The popularity of the ski resorts has increased nearly 29 percent since the 2002 Winter Olympics . Summer activities such as hiking , camping , rock climbing , mountain biking , and other related outdoor activities are popular in the mountains , as well . The many small reservoirs and rivers in the Wasatch Mountains are popular for boating , fishing , and other water - related activities .
Basketball court
The NBA adopted the three - point line at the start of the 1979 -- 80 season . This is of variable distance , ranging from 22 feet ( 6.7 m ) in the corners to 23.75 feet ( 7.24 m ) behind the top of the key . During the 1994 -- 95 , 1995 -- 96 and 1996 -- 97 seasons , the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the overall distance of the line to a uniform 22 feet ( 6.7 m ) around the basket . It was moved back to its original distance after the 1996 -- 97 season . FIBA and the NCAA both adopted the three - point line in 1985 .
Michael Jordan
Jordan was recruited by numerous college basketball programs , including Duke , North Carolina , South Carolina , Syracuse , and Virginia . In 1981 , Jordan accepted a basketball scholarship to North Carolina , where he majored in cultural geography .
Basketball
For both men 's and women 's teams , a standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts and a jersey with a clearly visible number , unique within the team , printed on both the front and back . Players wear high - top sneakers that provide extra ankle support . Typically , team names , players ' names and , outside of North America , sponsors are printed on the uniforms .
Michael Jordan
U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame -- class of 2009 ( as a member of the `` Dream Team '' ) FIBA Hall of Fame -- class of 2015 Two - time Olympic Gold Medal winner -- 1984 , 1992 `` Triple Crown of Basketball '' winner Three - time AP Athlete of the Year -- 1991 , 1992 , 1993 Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year -- 1991 Section of Madison Street in Chicago renamed Michael Jordan Drive -- 1994 Ranked No. 1 by SLAM Magazine 's Top 50 Players of All - Time Ranked No. 1 by ESPN SportsCentury 's Top North American Athletes of the 20th century North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame 1997 Marca Leyenda winner Seven - time ESPY Award winner ( in various categories ) Statue in front of the United Center 2016 Presidential Medal of Freedom
Tennis court
Clay courts are more common in Europe and Latin America than in North America , and tend to heavily favour baseline players .
LeBron James
James made his debut for the United States national team at the 2004 Olympics in Athens , Greece . He spent the Games mostly on the bench , averaging 14.6 minutes per game with 5.8 points and 2.6 rebounds per game in eight games . Team USA finished the competition with a bronze medal , becoming the first U.S. basketball team to return home without a gold medal since adding professionals to their line - up . James felt his limited playing time was a `` lowlight '' and believed he was not given `` a fair opportunity to play '' . His attitude during the Olympics was described as `` disrespectful '' and `` distasteful '' by columnists Adrian Wojnarowski and Peter Vecsey , respectively .
Michael Jordan
Jordan 's individual accolades and accomplishments include six NBA Finals Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Awards , ten scoring titles ( both all - time records ) , five MVP Awards , ten All - NBA First Team designations , nine All - Defensive First Team honors , fourteen NBA All - Star Game appearances , three All - Star Game MVP Awards , three steals titles , and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award . He holds the NBA records for highest career regular season scoring average ( 30.12 points per game ) and highest career playoff scoring average ( 33.45 points per game ) . In 1999 , he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century by ESPN , and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press 's list of athletes of the century . Jordan is a two - time inductee into the Basketball Hall of Fame , having been enshrined in 2009 for his individual career , and again in 2010 as part of the group induction of the 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team ( `` The Dream Team '' ) . He became a member of the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2015 .
Oklahoma
Collegiate athletics are a popular draw in the state . The state has four schools that compete at the highest level of college sports , NCAA Division I . The most prominent are the state 's two members of the Big 12 Conference , one of the so - called Power Five conferences of the top tier of college football , Division I FBS . The University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University average well over 50,000 fans attending their football games , and Oklahoma 's football program ranked 12th in attendance among American colleges in 2010 , with an average of 84,738 people attending its home games . The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the Bedlam Series , which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state . Sports Illustrated magazine rates Oklahoma and Oklahoma State among the top colleges for athletics in the nation .
American popular music
In the 1920s , the music performed by these artists was extremely popular with the public and was typically labeled as jazz . Today , however , this music is disparaged and labeled as `` sweet music '' by jazz purists . The music that people consider today as `` jazz '' tended to be played by minorities . In the 1920s and early 1930s , however , the majority of people listened to what we would call today `` sweet music '' and hardcore jazz was categorized as `` hot music '' or `` race music . ''
Basketball
Wheelchair basketball Wheelchair basketball , created by disabled World War II veterans , is played on specially designed wheelchairs for the physically impaired . The world governing body of wheelchair basketball is the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation ( IWBF ) , and is a full medal sport in the Summer Paralympic Games .
Venezuela
The origins of baseball in Venezuela is unclear , although it is known that the sport was being played in the nation by the late 19th century . In the early 20th century , North American immigrants who came to Venezuela to work in the nation 's oil industry helped to popularize the sport in Venezuela . During the 1930s , baseball 's popularity continued to rise in the country , leading to the foundation of the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League ( LVBP ) in 1945 , and the sport would soon become the nation 's most popular .
India
In India , several traditional indigenous sports remain fairly popular , such as kabaddi , kho kho , pehlwani and gilli - danda . Some of the earliest forms of Asian martial arts , such as kalarippayattu , musti yuddha , silambam , and marma adi , originated in India . Chess , commonly held to have originated in India as chaturaṅga , is regaining widespread popularity with the rise in the number of Indian grandmasters . Pachisi , from which parcheesi derives , was played on a giant marble court by Akbar .
Kobe Bryant
Bryant is an 18 - time All - Star , which ranks second behind only Kareem Abdul - Jabbar 's 19 . He has been chosen a record 18 straight times , each time as a starter . On four occasions ( 2003 , 2011 , 2013 , 2016 ) he was the leading vote - getter . Four times Bryant was named the All - Star MVP , a record he shares with Bob Pettit . He has been selected to the All - NBA Team on 15 occasions , tied for the most with Abdul - Jabbar and Tim Duncan , and his 11 first - team honors are tied for the most ever with Karl Malone . Bryant is also a 12 - time All - Defensive Team selection , trailing only Duncan 's 15 , and nine times he was named to the All - Defensive First Team , tied with Jordan , Garnett , and Gary Payton for the most all - time . He was the first guard to play 20 seasons in the NBA . He also won the NBA Slam Dunk Contest in 1997 and is its youngest winner . In his career , Bryant has scored 40 - plus points in 121 games , and 21 times he has recorded a triple - double .
Basketball
The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw , as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard . This plays a major role in the game , as most possessions end when a team misses a shot . There are two categories of rebounds : offensive rebounds , in which the ball is recovered by the offensive side and does not change possession , and defensive rebounds , in which the defending team gains possession of the loose ball . The majority of rebounds are defensive , as the team on defense tends to be in better position to recover missed shots .
United States antitrust law
Second , professional sports leagues enjoy a number of exemptions . Mergers and joint agreements of professional football , hockey , baseball , and basketball leagues are exempt . Major League Baseball was held to be broadly exempt from antitrust law in Federal Baseball Club v. National League . Holmes J held that the baseball league 's organization meant that there was no commerce between the states taking place , even though teams travelled across state lines to put on the games . That travel was merely incidental to a business which took place in each state . It was subsequently held in 1952 in Toolson v. New York Yankees , and then again in 1972 Flood v. Kuhn , that the baseball league 's exemption was an `` aberration '' . However Congress had accepted it , and favored it , so retroactively overruling the exemption was no longer a matter for the courts , but the legislature . In United States v. International Boxing Club of New York , it was held that , unlike baseball , boxing was not exempt , and in Radovich v. National Football League ( NFL ) , professional football is generally subject to antitrust laws . As a result of the AFL - NFL merger , the National Football League was also given exemptions in exchange for certain conditions , such as not directly competing with college or high school football . However , the 2010 Supreme Court ruling in American Needle Inc. v. NFL characterised the NFL as a `` cartel '' of 32 independent businesses subject to antitrust law , not a single entity .
Oklahoma
Oklahoma has teams in basketball , football , arena football , baseball , soccer , hockey , and wrestling in Oklahoma City , Tulsa , Enid , Norman , and Lawton . The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the state 's only major league sports franchise . The state had a team in the Women 's National Basketball Association , the Tulsa Shock , from 2010 through 2015 , but the team relocated to Dallas -- Fort Worth after that season and became the Dallas Wings .
Mesoamerican ballgame
The game had important ritual aspects , and major formal ballgames were held as ritual events . Late in the history of the game , some cultures occasionally seem to have combined competitions with religious human sacrifice . The sport was also played casually for recreation by children and may have been played by women as well .
NBA post-season records
Most points - 145 by Shaquille O'Neal , Los Angeles Lakers ( vs. New Jersey Nets ) , 2002 ( 36.3 ppg ) Most field goals made - 56 by Hakeem Olajuwon , Houston Rockets ( vs. Orlando Magic ) , 1995 Most field goals attempted - 116 by Hakeem Olajuwon , Houston Rockets ( vs. Orlando Magic ) , 1995 Highest 3 - point field goal percentage - 66.7 % by Derek Fisher , Los Angeles Lakers ( vs. New Jersey Nets ) , 2002 Most rebounds - 118 by Bill Russell , Boston Celtics ( vs. Minneapolis Lakers ) , 1959 ( 29.5 rpg ) Most offensive rebounds - 27 by Moses Malone , Philadelphia 76ers ( vs. Los Angeles Lakers ) , 1983 Most assists - 51 by Bob Cousy , Boston Celtics ( vs. Minneapolis Lakers ) , 1959 ( 12.8 apg ) Most steals - 14 by Rick Barry , Golden State Warriors ( vs. Washington Bullets ) , 1975 ( 3.5 spg )
NBA Conference Finals
Line `` 1949 '' refers to the last BAA Playoffs . In its inaugural 1949 -- 50 season only , the NBA used a three - division arrangement . Anderson won the Western Division championship in the first two rounds of the 1950 NBA Playoffs but did not thereby advance to the Finals as every other Western playoff champion has done , and it was defeated by the Central champion in their semifinal series .
American popular music
In addition to the popular jazz and swing music listened to by mainstream America , there were a number of other genres that were popular among certain groups of people -- e.g. , minorities or rural audiences . Beginning in the 1920s and accelerating greatly in the 1940s , the blues began rapidly diversifying into a broad spectrum of new styles . These included an uptempo , energetic style called rhythm and blues ( R&B ) , a merger of blues and Anglo - Celtic song called country music and the fusion of hymns and spirituals with blues structures called gospel music . Later than these other styles , in the 1940s , a blues , R&B and country fusion eventually called rock and roll developed , eventually coming to dominate American popular by the beginning of the 1960s .
American popular music
Due to the essentially African American nature of ragtime , it is most commonly considered the first style of American popular music to be truly black music ; ragtime brought syncopation and a more authentic black sound to popular music . Popular ragtime songs were notated and sold as sheet music , but the general style was played more informally across the nation ; these amateur performers played a more free - flowing form of ragtime that eventually became a major formative influence on jazz .
Kobe Bryant
Bryant declined to play in the 2000 Olympics as he was getting married in the off - season . He also decided not to play in the 2002 FIBA World Championship . Bryant was originally selected for the FIBA Americas Championship in 2003 , but withdrew after undergoing arthroscopic shoulder and knee surgeries . In the following summer , he had to withdraw from the Olympic team because of his sexual assault case . Along with LeBron James , he was one of the first two players to publicly named to the 2006 -- 2008 U.S. preliminary roster in 2006 by Jerry Colangelo . However , he was once again sidelined after knee surgery and did n't participate in the 2006 FIBA World Championship .
LeBron James
James did not play at the 2010 FIBA World Championship but rejoined Team USA for the 2012 Olympics in London , England . He became the leader of the team with Kobe Bryant , who would soon be 34 , stepping back . James facilitated the offense from the post and perimeter , called the defensive sets , and provided scoring when needed . During a game against Australia , he recorded the first triple - double in U.S. Olympic basketball history with 11 points , 14 rebounds and 12 assists . Team USA went on to win their second straight gold medal , again defeating Spain in the final game . James contributed 19 points in the win , becoming the all - time leading scorer in U.S. men 's basketball history . He also joined Michael Jordan as the only players to win an NBA MVP award , NBA championship , NBA Finals MVP , and Olympic gold medal in the same year . Afterwards , Krzyzewski said James `` is the best player , he is the best leader and he is as smart as anybody playing the game right now . ''