vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Berlin Wall
Nothing still accurately represents the Wall 's original appearance better than a very short stretch at Bernauer Straße associated with the Berlin Wall Documentation Center . Other remnants are badly damaged by souvenir seekers . Fragments of the Wall were taken and some were sold around the world . Appearing both with and without certificates of authenticity , these fragments are now a staple on the online auction service eBay as well as German souvenir shops . Today , the eastern side is covered in graffiti that did not exist while the Wall was guarded by the armed soldiers of East Germany . Previously , graffiti appeared only on the western side . Along some tourist areas of the city centre , the city government has marked the location of the former Wall by a row of cobblestones in the street . In most places only the `` first '' wall is marked , except near Potsdamer Platz where the stretch of both walls is marked , giving visitors an impression of the dimension of the barrier system .
Geography of China
China 's economy has recently become export - oriented . The coastal provinces got the greatest benefits from the recent development of China 's economy , becoming the new economic center of China . The Chinese leadership has long encouraged a move inland , and in 2012 , following the western crisis , the top leadership announced a policy to redirect Chinese production toward the national market .
Silk Road
In September 2013 , during a visit to Kazakhstan , Chinese President Xi Jinping introduced a plan for creating a New Silk Road from China to Europe . The latest iterations of this plan , dubbed `` One Belt , One Road '' ( OBOR ) , includes a land - based Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime Silk Road , with primary points in Ürümqi , Dostyk , Astana , Gomel , Brest , and the Polish cities of Małaszewicze and Łódź , which would be hubs of logistics and transshipment to other countries of Europe .
Berlin Wall
Not all segments of the Wall were ground up as the Wall was being torn down . Many segments have been given to various institutions in the world . They can be found , for instance , in presidential and historical museums , lobbies of hotels and corporations , at universities and government buildings , and in public spaces in different countries of the world . Remains
Berlin Wall
Elderly pensioners could travel to the West starting in 1965 Visits of relatives for important family matters People who had to travel to the West for professional reasons ( for example , artists , truck drivers , musicians , writers , etc . )
Silk Road
Silk Road Main routes of the Silk Road Route information Time period : Around 120 BCE -- 1450s CE UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name Silk Roads : the Routes Network of Chang'an - Tianshan Corridor Type Cultural Criteria ii , iii , iv , vi Designated 2014 ( 38th session ) Reference no . 1442 Region Asia - Pacific
Great Salt Lake
Despite these issues , the lake remains one of Utah 's largest tourist attractions . Antelope Island State Park is a popular tourist destination that offers panoramic views of the lake , hiking and biking trails , wildlife viewing and access to beaches .
Berlin Wall
West Germans and citizens of other Western countries could generally visit East Germany , often after applying for a visa at an East German embassy several weeks in advance . Visas for day trips restricted to East Berlin were issued without previous application in a simplified procedure at the border crossing . However , East German authorities could refuse entry permits without stating a reason . In the 1980s , visitors from the western part of the city who wanted to visit the eastern part had to exchange at least DM 25 into East German currency at the poor exchange rate of 1 : 1 . It was forbidden to export East German currency from the East , but money not spent could be left at the border for possible future visits . Tourists crossing from the west had to also pay for a visa , which cost DM 5 ; West Berliners did not have to pay this .
Berlin Wall
We welcome change and openness ; for we believe that freedom and security go together , that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace . There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable , that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace . General Secretary Gorbachev , if you seek peace , if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and eastern Europe , if you seek liberalization , come here to this gate . Mr. Gorbachev , open this gate . Mr. Gorbachev , tear down this Wall !
Silk Road
The Eurasian Land Bridge ( a railway through China , Kazakhstan , Mongolia and Russia ) is sometimes referred to as the `` New Silk Road '' . The last link in one of these two railway routes was completed in 1990 , when the railway systems of China and Kazakhstan connected at Alataw Pass ( Alashan Kou ) . In 2008 the line was used to connect the cities of Ürümqi in China 's Xinjiang Province to Almaty and Astana in Kazakhstan . In October 2008 the first Trans - Eurasia Logistics train reached Hamburg from Xiangtan . Starting in July 2011 the line has been used by a freight service that connects Chongqing , China with Duisburg , Germany , cutting travel time for cargo from about 36 days by container ship to just 13 days by freight train . In 2013 , Hewlett - Packard began moving large freight trains of laptop computers and monitors along this rail route .
Berlin Wall
After the fall of Berlin Wall , there were initiatives that they want to preserve the death strip walkways and redevelop it into a hiking and cycling area , known as Berliner Mauerweg . It is part of the initiative by Berlin Senate since 2005 .
Forbidden City
The Forbidden City has also served as a performance venue . However , its use for this purpose is strictly limited , due to the heavy impact of equipment and performance on the ancient structures . Almost all performances said to be `` in the Forbidden City '' are held outside the palace walls .
Russian culture
The most famous natural tourist destination in Russia is Lake Baikal , named the Blue Eye of Siberia . This unique lake , oldest and deepest in the world , has crystal - clean waters and is surrounded by taiga - covered mountains .
Berlin Wall
Television coverage of citizens demolishing sections of the Wall on 9 November was soon followed by the East German regime announcing ten new border crossings , including the historically significant locations of Potsdamer Platz , Glienicker Brücke , and Bernauer Straße . Crowds gathered on both sides of the historic crossings waiting for hours to cheer the bulldozers that tore down portions of the Wall to reconnect the divided roads . While the Wall officially remained guarded at a decreasing intensity , new border crossings continued for some time , including the Brandenburg Gate on 22 December 1989 . Initially the East German military attempted repairing damage done by the `` Wall peckers '' ; gradually these attempts ceased , and guards became more lax , tolerating the increasing demolitions and `` unauthorized '' border crossing through the holes .
Freedom of speech by country
Social networking sites such as Twitter , Facebook , and Snapchat are banned as a whole and books and foreign films are subject to active censorship . The biggest search engine , Google however , was unbanned on the 25th anniversary of the massacre of Tiananmen Square . However , usage is still limited . Beijing has also lifted bans on foreign websites within the Shanghai free trade zone . Its censorship tactics vary from relatively moderate way of using monitoring systems and firewalls to an extreme end of jailing journalists , bloggers , and activists , as we can see from the recent example of the jailed Chinese activist Liu Xiaobo . Although China 's constitution deals with citizens ' freedom of speech , the language has been vague , thus giving more space for the government 's arbitrary and unilateral judgements . For example , according to the Article 5 of the `` Computer Information Network and Internet Security , Protection and Management Regulations , '' issued by the Ministry of Public Safety in 1997 , it states :
Berlin Wall
With the closing of the inner German border officially in 1952 , the border in Berlin remained considerably more accessible then because it was administered by all four occupying powers . Accordingly , Berlin became the main route by which East Germans left for the West . On 11 December 1957 , East Germany introduced a new passport law that reduced the overall number of refugees leaving Eastern Germany .
Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef has long been known to and used by the Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander peoples , and is an important part of local groups ' cultures and spirituality . The reef is a very popular destination for tourists , especially in the Whitsunday Islands and Cairns regions . Tourism is an important economic activity for the region , generating over AUD $ 3 billion per year . In November 2014 , Google launched Google Underwater Street View in 3D of the Great Barrier Reef .
Berlin Wall
The creation of the Wall had important implications for both German states . By stemming the exodus of people from East Germany , the East German government was able to reassert its control over the country : in spite of discontent with the Wall , economic problems caused by dual currency and the black market were largely eliminated . The economy in the GDR began to grow . But , the Wall proved a public relations disaster for the communist bloc as a whole . Western powers portrayed it as a symbol of communist tyranny , particularly after East German border guards shot and killed would - be defectors . Such fatalities were later treated as acts of murder by the reunified Germany .
Berlin Wall
East Berliners and East Germans could not , at first , travel to West Berlin or West Germany at all . This regulation remained in force essentially until the fall of the Wall , but over the years several exceptions to these rules were introduced , the most significant being :
Ecuador
The country has two cities UNESCO World Heritage Sites : Quito and Cuenca , as well as two natural UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the Galapagos Islands and Sangay National Park in addition to one World Biosphere Reserve , such as the Cajas massif . Culturally , the Toquilla straw hat and the culture of the Zapara indigenous people are recognized . The most popular sites for national and foreign tourists have different nuances due to the various tourist activities offered by the country .
Russian culture
Tourism in Russia has seen rapid growth since the late Soviet times , first inner tourism and then international tourism as well . Rich cultural heritage and great natural variety place Russia among the most popular tourist destinations in the world . The country contains 23 UNESCO World Heritage Sites , while many more are on UNESCO 's tentative lists . Major tourist routes in Russia include a travel around the Golden Ring of ancient cities , cruises on the big rivers like Volga , and long journeys on the famous Trans - Siberian Railway . Diverse regions and ethnic cultures of Russia offer many different food and souvenirs , and show a great variety of traditions , like Russian banya , Tatar Sabantuy , or Siberian shamanist rituals .
Berlin Wall
In 1989 a series of revolutions in nearby Eastern Bloc countries -- Poland and Hungary in particular -- caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the demise of the Wall . After several weeks of civil unrest , the East German government announced on 9 November 1989 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany and West Berlin . Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the Wall , joined by West Germans on the other side in a celebratory atmosphere . Over the next few weeks , euphoric people and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the Wall ; the governments later used industrial equipment to remove most of what was left . The `` fall of the Berlin Wall '' paved the way for German reunification , which formally took place on 3 October 1990 .
Philippines
The travel and tourism sector is a major contributor to the economy , contributing 7.1 % to the Philippine GDP in 2013 and providing 1,226,500 jobs or 3.2 percent of total employment . 2,433,428 international visitors arrived from January to June 2014 up by 2.22 % in the same period in 2013 . South Korea , China , and Japan accounted for 58.78 % while the Americas accounted for 19.28 % and Europe 10.64 % . The Department of Tourism has responsibility for the management and promotion of the tourism sector .
Berlin Wall
In a speech at the Brandenburg Gate commemorating the 750th anniversary of Berlin on 12 June 1987 , U.S. President Ronald Reagan challenged Mikhail Gorbachev , then the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , to tear down the Wall as a symbol of increasing freedom in the Eastern Bloc :
Lake District
Tourism has now become the park 's major industry , with about 12 million visitors each year , mainly from the UK 's larger settlements , China , Japan , Spain , Germany and the US . Windermere Lake Steamers are Cumbria 's most popular charging tourist attraction with about 1.35 million paying customers each year , and the local economy is dependent upon tourists . The negative impact of tourism has been seen , however . Soil erosion , caused by walking , is now a significant problem , with millions of pounds being spent to protect overused paths . In 2006 , two tourist information centres in the National Park were closed .
Berlin Wall
Allied military personnel and civilian officials of the Allied forces could enter and exit East Berlin without submitting to East German passport controls , purchasing a visa or being required to exchange money . Likewise , Soviet military patrols could enter and exit West Berlin . This was a requirement of the post-war Four Powers Agreements . A particular area of concern for the Western Allies involved official dealings with East German authorities when crossing the border , since Allied policy did not recognize the authority of the GDR to regulate Allied military traffic to and from West Berlin , as well as the Allied presence within Greater Berlin , including entry into , exit from , and presence within East Berlin .
Berlin Wall
Ordinary citizens of the Western Allied powers , not formally affiliated with the Allied forces , were authorized to use all designated transit routes through East Germany to and from West Berlin . Regarding travel to East Berlin , such persons could also use the Friedrichstraße train station to enter and exit the city , in addition to Checkpoint Charlie . In these instances , such travelers , unlike Allied personnel , had to submit to East German border controls .
Berlin Wall
As with military personnel , special procedures applied to travel by diplomatic personnel of the Western Allies accredited to their respective embassies in the GDR . This was intended to prevent inadvertent recognition of East German authority when crossing between East and West Berlin , which could jeopardize the overall Allied position governing the freedom of movement by Allied forces personnel within all Berlin .
Santiago de Compostela
The city has its origin in the shrine of Saint James the Great , now the city 's cathedral , as destination of the Way of St. James , a leading Catholic pilgrimage route originated in the 9th century . In 1985 the city 's Old Town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site .
Prague
Prague is classified as a `` Alpha - '' global city according to GaWC studies . Prague ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016 . Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination , and the city receives more than 6.4 million international visitors annually , as of 2014 . Prague is the fifth most visited European city after London , Paris , Istanbul and Rome .
Colosseum
Although partially ruined because of damage caused by earthquakes and stone - robbers , the Colosseum is still an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome and is listed as one of the New7Wonders of the World . It is one of Rome 's most popular tourist attractions and also has links to the Roman Catholic Church , as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit `` Way of the Cross '' procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum .
Chennai
With temples , beaches and centres of historical and cultural significance , including the UNESCO Heritage Site of Mahabalipuram , Chennai is one of the most visited cities in India . The city serves as the gateway to the southern part of India with tourists landing in the city and starting their trip to the rest of the region . Chennai was the most visited Indian city by foreign tourists in 2009 and issued the third highest number of visas on arrival in 2014 . In 2011 , Chennai was ranked 41st in global top 100 city destination ranking , with 3,174,500 tourists , a 14 percent increase from 2010 . About 830,620 domestic tourists arrived in Chennai in March 2011 . Top foreign nationals visiting the city include those from Sri Lanka , Malaysia , Singapore , United Kingdom , France and United States . In 2015 , the city received 4,243,700 foreign tourists making it the 3rd most visited city in India after Delhi and Mumbai and 43rd most visited city in the world by foreign tourists . As of 2012 , the city had 21 luxury hotels in the five - star category , with over 4,500 rooms in the inventory .
Prague
Since the fall of the Iron Curtain , Prague has become one of the world 's most popular tourist destinations . Prague suffered considerably less damage during World War II than some other major cities in the region , allowing most of its historic architecture to stay true to form . It contains one of the world 's most pristine and varied collections of architecture , from Romanesque , to Gothic , Renaissance , Baroque , Rococo , Neo-Renaissance , Neo-Gothic , Art Nouveau , Cubist , Neo-Classical and ultra-modern .
Prague
Prague is classified as an `` Alpha - '' global city according to GaWC studies , comparable to Vienna , Seoul and Washington , D.C. Prague ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016 . Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination , and the city receives more than 6.4 million international visitors annually , as of 2014 . Prague is the fifth most visited European city after London , Paris , Istanbul and Rome . Prague 's low cost of living makes it a popular destination for expats relocating to Europe .
History of advertising
Chinese advertising is moving heavily to the smartphone , leaving television behind . Companies in China are increasingly more focused on mobile advertisements than on television advertisements . Central roles are played by Chinese - based social networking sites Weixin ( also known as WeChat ) , and Sina Weibo , and the efforts of Western companies , including Coca - Cola , Burberry , and North Face , to market to Chinese consumers through their smartphones . Restrictions
Berlin Wall
For each of these exceptions , GDR citizens had to apply for individual approval , which was never guaranteed . In addition , even if travel was approved , GDR travellers could exchange only a very small amount of East German Marks into Deutsche Marks ( DM ) , thus limiting the financial resources available for them to travel to the West . This led to the West German practice of granting a small amount of DM annually ( Begrüßungsgeld , or welcome money ) to GDR citizens visiting West Germany and West Berlin to help alleviate this situation .
Berlin Wall
To commemorate the 20th Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall , Twinity reconstructed a true - to - scale section of the Wall in virtual Berlin . The MTV Europe Music Awards , on 5 November , had U2 and Tokio Hotel perform songs dedicated to , and about the Berlin Wall . U2 performed at the Brandenburg Gate , and Tokio Hotel performed `` World Behind My Wall '' .
Berlin Wall
Excerpts from Schabowski 's press conference were the lead story on West Germany 's two main news programs that night -- at 7 : 17 p.m. on ZDF 's heute and at 8 p.m. on ARD 's Tagesschau . This meant that the news was broadcast to nearly all of East Germany as well . Later that night , on ARD 's Tagesthemen , anchorman Hanns Joachim Friedrichs proclaimed , `` This 9 November is a historic day . The GDR has announced that , starting immediately , its borders are open to everyone . The gates in the Wall stand open wide . ''
Second Sino-Japanese War
Today , the war is a major point of contention and resentment between China and Japan . The war remains a major roadblock for Sino - Japanese relations , and many people , particularly in China , still harbor grudges over the war and related issues .
Berlin Wall
In the United States , the German Embassy coordinated a public diplomacy campaign with the motto `` Freedom Without Walls '' , to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall . The campaign was focused on promoting awareness of the fall of the Berlin Wall among current college students . Students at over 30 universities participated in `` Freedom Without Walls '' events in late 2009 . First place winner of the Freedom Without Walls Speaking Contest Robert Cannon received a free trip to Berlin for 2010 .
Berlin Wall
An East German guard talks to a Westerner through a broken seam in the wall in late November 1989 . A crane removes a section of the Wall near Brandenburg Gate on 21 December 1989 . Almost all of the remaining sections were rapidly chipped away . December 1990 . West Germans peer at East German border guards through a hole in the wall on 5 January 1990 . Short section of the Berlin Wall at Potsdamer Platz , March 2009 Souvenir chunk of concrete from the Wall
Big Ben
The tower is a British cultural icon recognised all over the world . It is one of the most prominent symbols of the United Kingdom and parliamentary democracy , and it is often used in the establishing shot of films set in London . The clock tower has been part of a Grade I listed building since 1970 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987 .
Berlin Wall
Those who let themselves be recruited objectively serve West German Reaction and militarism , whether they know it or not . Is it not despicable when for the sake of a few alluring job offers or other false promises about a `` guaranteed future '' one leaves a country in which the seed for a new and more beautiful life is sprouting , and is already showing the first fruits , for the place that favours a new war and destruction ?
Migration in China
The objective of the reform is to merge urban and rural hukou systems into one in which migrant workers can have equal access to public resources as urban residents do . At the beginning of the New Millennium , Fujian , Liaoning and Shandong Provinces abolished the dual - type hukou system and issued identical hukou status to both urban and rural residents . Up to 2008 , twelve provinces had abolished the dual urban - rural hukou system . Due to the complication of this issue , however , it is still very difficult for migrant workers to gain access to social welfare in urban areas , though with a hukou reform . For example , some cities such as Zhengzhou once opened public schools to rural migrant children in 2002 , but these cities soon realized that there were not enough schools for the large number of migrant children . According to China Daily , Huang Ming , vice-minister of public security , addressed that the national hukou reform would be done by 2020 . He said in the interview that the new hukou system would gradually extend pension , education and health care services to qualified residents , both urban and rural .