vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
North Carolina
In addition to professional team sports , North Carolina has a strong affiliation with NASCAR and stock - car racing , with Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord hosting two Cup Series races every year . Charlotte also hosts the NASCAR Hall of Fame , while Concord is the home of several top - flight racing teams , including Hendrick Motorsports , Roush Fenway Racing , Richard Petty Motorsports , Stewart - Haas Racing , and Chip Ganassi Racing . Numerous other tracks around North Carolina host races from low - tier NASCAR circuits as well .
Bobcat
Its population in Canada is limited due to both snow depth and the presence of the Canadian lynx . The bobcat does not tolerate deep snow , and waits out heavy storms in sheltered areas ; it lacks the large , padded feet of the Canadian lynx and can not support its weight on snow as efficiently . The bobcat is not entirely at a disadvantage where its range meets that of the larger felid : displacement of the Canadian lynx by the aggressive bobcat has been observed where they interact in Nova Scotia , while the clearing of coniferous forests for agriculture has led to a northward retreat of the Canadian lynx 's range to the advantage of the bobcat . In northern and central Mexico , the cat is found in dry scrubland and forests of pine and oak ; its range ends at the tropical southern portion of the country .
Moose
In the Canadian province of New Brunswick , collisions with moose are frequent enough that all new highways have fences to prevent moose from accessing the road , as has long been done in Finland , Norway , and Sweden . A demonstration project , Highway 7 between Fredericton and Saint John , which has one of the highest frequencies of moose collisions in the province , did not have these fences until 2008 , although it was and continues to be extremely well signed . Newfoundland and Labrador recommended that motorists use caution between dusk and dawn because that is when moose are most active and most difficult to see , increasing the risk of collisions . Local moose sightings are often reported on radio stations so that motorists can take care while driving in particular areas .
La Niña
In Canada , La Niña will , in general , cause a cooler , snowier winter , such as the near - record - breaking amounts of snow recorded in La Niña winter of 2007 / 2008 in Eastern Canada .
University of North Carolina
Within its seventeen campuses , UNC houses two medical schools and one teaching hospital , ten nursing programs , two schools of dentistry , one veterinary school and hospital , and a school of pharmacy , as well as a two law schools , 15 schools of education , three schools of engineering , and a school for performing artists . The oldest university , the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , first admitted students in 1795 . The smallest and newest member is the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics , a residential two - year high school , founded in 1980 and a full member of the University since 2007 . The largest university is North Carolina State University , with 34,340 students as of fall 2012 .
South Africa
The coastal belt to the north of the Cape Peninsula is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean and the first row of north - south running Cape Fold Mountains to the east . The Cape Fold Mountains peter out at about the 32 ° S line of latitude , after which the coastal plain is bounded by the Great Escarpment itself . The most southerly portion of this coastal belt is known as the Swartland and Malmesbury Plain , which is an important wheat growing region , relying on winter rains . The region further north is known as Namaqualand , which becomes more and more arid as one approaches the Orange River . The little rain that falls , tends to fall in winter , which results in one of the world 's most spectacular displays of flowers carpeting huge stretches of veld in spring ( August -- September ) . Cape
Climate of Florida
The state record for snowfall is 5 inches ( 13 cm ) , set in northern Florida during January 1800 , though some debate exists about the accuracy . The earliest in the season that frozen precipitation has fallen was during the Late November 2006 Nor'easter on November 21 across central Florida . The latest in the season that snow or sleet has fallen was on April 8 , 2007 . Snow flurries has been recorded in the air as far south as Homestead , during a January 19 , 1977 event .
North Carolina
North Carolina has rich traditions in art , music , and cuisine . The nonprofit arts and culture industry generates $1.2 billion in direct economic activity in North Carolina , supporting more than 43,600 full - time equivalent jobs and generating $119 million in revenue for local governments and the state of North Carolina . North Carolina established the North Carolina Museum of Art as the first major museum collection in the country to be formed by state legislation and funding and continues to bring millions into the NC economy . Also see this list of museums in North Carolina .
North Carolina
In 1795 , North Carolina opened the first public university in the United States -- the University of North Carolina ( now named the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ) . More than 200 years later , the University of North Carolina system encompasses 17 public universities including North Carolina State University , North Carolina A&T State University , North Carolina Central University , the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , the University of North Carolina at Greensboro , East Carolina University , Western Carolina University , Winston - Salem State University , the University of North Carolina at Asheville , the University of North Carolina at Charlotte , the University of North Carolina at Pembroke , UNC Wilmington , Elizabeth City State University , Appalachian State University , Fayetteville State University , and UNC School of the Arts , and . Along with its public universities , North Carolina has 58 public community colleges in its community college system. The largest university in North Carolina is currently North Carolina State University , with more than 34,000 students . Duke
Tar Heel
At one time , an estimated 100,000 barrels ( 16,000 m ) of tar and pitch were shipped annually to England . After 1824 , North Carolina became the leader in the United States for naval stores . By the Civil War , North Carolina had more than 1600 turpentine distilleries , and two thirds of all turpentine in the United States came from North Carolina and one - half from the counties of Bladen and New Hanover .
North Carolina
The government of North Carolina is divided into three branches : executive , legislative , and judicial . These consist of the Council of State ( led by the Governor ) , the bicameral legislature ( called the General Assembly ) , and the state court system ( headed by the North Carolina Supreme Court ) . The state constitution delineates the structure and function of the state government . North Carolina has 13 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives and two seats in the U.S. Senate .
Climate of Florida
Snowfall is rare in Florida . The earliest recorded occurrence of snow or sleet occurred in 1774 in the far northern portion of the state . The latest occurrence of snow or sleet in the spring fell on January 7 , 8 and 9 , 2010 , as a cold front brought scattered snow flurries in the northern and central portions of the state .
White Christmas (weather)
The year 2006 saw some of the warmest weather on record , with such places as Quebec City experiencing their first green Christmas in recorded history . In 2008 , Canada experienced the first nationwide white Christmas in 37 years , as a series of pre-Christmas storms hit the nation , including the normally rainy BC Pacific coast .
Columbus, Georgia
Columbus has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ) . Daytime summer temperatures often reach highs in the mid-90s , and low temperatures in the winter average in the upper 30s . Columbus is often considered a dividing line or `` natural snowline '' of the southeastern United States with areas north of the city receiving snowfall annually , with areas to the south typically not receiving snowfall every year or at all . Columbus is within USDA hardiness zone 8b in the city center and zone 8a in the suburbs .
North Carolina
In 1584 , Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh , for whom the state capital is named , for land in present - day North Carolina ( then part of the territory of Virginia ) . It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize . Raleigh established two colonies on the coast in the late 1580s , but both failed . The fate of the `` Lost Colony '' of Roanoke Island remains one of the most widely debated mysteries of American history . Virginia Dare , the first English child to be born in North America , was born on Roanoke Island on August 18 , 1587 ; Dare County is named for her .
North Carolina
Metrolina : Charlotte -- Concord -- Gastonia , North Carolina -- South Carolina -- population 2,583,956 The Research Triangle : Raleigh -- Durham -- Chapel Hill , North Carolina -- population 2,117,103 The Piedmont Triad : Greensboro -- Winston - Salem -- High Point , North Carolina -- population 1,642,506
North Carolina
The state also has several major seminaries , including the Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary in Wake Forest , and the Hood Theological Seminary ( AME Zion ) in Salisbury .
North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball
North Carolina has been ranked in the Top 25 in the AP Poll an all - time record 877 weeks , has beaten # 1 ranked teams a record 12 times , has the most consecutive 20 - win seasons with 31 , and the most consecutive top - 3 ACC regular season finishes with 37 . North Carolina has ended the season ranked in the Top - 25 of the AP Poll 49 times and in the Top - 25 of the Coaches ' Poll 50 times . Further , the Tar Heels have finished the season ranked # 1 in the AP Poll 5 times and ranked # 1 in Coaches ' Poll 6 times . In 2008 , the Tar Heels received the first unanimous preseason # 1 ranking in the history of either the Coaches ' Poll or the AP Poll . In 2012 , ESPN ranked North Carolina # 1 on its list of the 50 most successful programs of the past 50 years .
White Christmas (weather)
Because Christmas occurs during the summer in the Southern Hemisphere , white Christmases are especially rare events there , apart from Antarctica which is generally uninhabited . In 2006 , a snowstorm hit the Snowy Mountains in New South Wales and Victoria , arriving on Christmas Morning and bringing nearly 12 in ( 30 cm ) of snow in higher areas . This was an especially rare event because it occurred during Australia 's typically warm summer . In New Zealand 's Southern Alps snow can fall any day of the year and a white Christmas is very possible . The same situation can be seen at the Andes at elevations above 4000msl , with some locations on the Bolivian altiplano such as El Alto having the theorical possibility of a white Christmas . A white Christmas in the Southern Hemisphere ( specifically those close to Antarctica ) is approximately equivalent to having snow in the Northern Hemisphere on 25 June , and in some ways is even less likely because the major population centers in the Northern Hemisphere tend to be farther from the equator than those in the Southern Hemisphere .
South Africa
The Free State is particularly flat because it lies centrally on the high plateau . North of the Vaal River , the Highveld becomes better watered and does not experience subtropical extremes of heat . Johannesburg , in the centre of the Highveld , is at 1,740 m ( 5,709 ft ) and receives an annual rainfall of 760 mm ( 29.9 in ) . Winters in this region are cold , although snow is rare .
Climate of North Dakota
Due to its location in the center of North America North Dakota experiences temperature extremes characteristic of a continental climate , with cold winters and mild to hot summers . Each season has distinctive upper air patterns which bring different weather conditions with them . One feature of a continental climate is that weather patterns can be unpredictable . For example , an Alberta clipper , a low pressure system originating in the province of Alberta in Canada , would be a common winter occurrence in North Dakota . But with the general unpredictability of weather in a continental climate , such a storm system could occur in spring , or in late autumn . Hot weather , though usually confined to July and August , can sometimes begin as early as April or May , and could spill over into September or October .
University of North Carolina
The University of North Carolina is a multi-campus public university system composed of all 16 of North Carolina 's public universities , as well as the NC School of Science and Mathematics , the nation 's first public residential high school for gifted students . Commonly referred to as the University of North Carolina system or the UNC system to differentiate it from the original campus in Chapel Hill , the university has a total enrollment of over 183,001 students and confers over 75 % of all baccalaureate degrees in North Carolina in 2008 . UNC campuses conferred 43,686 degrees for 2008 -- 2009 , the bulk of which were Bachelor 's level with 31,055 degrees awarded .
North Pole
The North Pole is substantially warmer than the South Pole because it lies at sea level in the middle of an ocean ( which acts as a reservoir of heat ) , rather than at altitude on a continental land mass . Despite being an ice cap , it shares some characteristics with a tundra climate ( ETf ) due to the July and August temperatures peaking just above freezing .
Tar Heel
The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history . For a time after the American Civil War , the name Tar Heel was derogatory , but it was later reappropriated by the people of North Carolina . Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it . One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' . The term `` Tar Heel '' gained popularity during the Civil War .
Geography of Illinois
Illinois has a continental climate , with large temperature extremes not moderated by either mountains or oceans . Weather is influenced primarily by cold Canadian Arctic air in the winter , and warm , humid air from the Gulf of Mexico in the summer . High temperatures in the south of the state are about 10 to 12 ° F. warmer than the north . Average annual temperature is 47 ° F. in the north and 58 ° F. in the south . Temperatures greater than 90 ° F. occur about 45 days per year in the south , and 12 days per year in the north . Temperatures below zero ° F. occur one day or less per year in the south , and 12 days per year in the north . Annual rainfall is 34 inches ( 860 mm ) in the north and 46 inches ( 1,200 mm ) in the south .
Mauna Kea
The summit of Mauna Kea lies above the tree line , and consists of mostly lava rock and alpine tundra . An area of heavy snowfall , it is inhospitable to vegetation , and is known as the Hawaiian tropical high shrublands . Growth is restricted here by extremely cold temperatures , a short growing season , low rainfall , and snow during winter months . A lack of soil also retards root growth , makes it difficult to absorb nutrients from the ground , and gives the area a very low water retention capacity .
Climate of the Arctic
Arctic days lengthen rapidly in March and April , and the sun rises higher in the sky during this time as well . Both of these changes bring more solar radiation to the Arctic during this period . During these early months of Northern Hemisphere spring most of the Arctic is still experiencing winter conditions , but with the addition of sunlight . The continued low temperatures , and the persisting white snow cover , mean that this additional energy reaching the Arctic from the sun is slow to have a significant impact because it is mostly reflected away without warming the surface . By May , temperatures are rising , as 24 - hour daylight reaches many areas , but most of the Arctic is still snow - covered , so the Arctic surface reflects more than 70 % of the sun 's energy that reaches it over all areas but the Norwegian Sea and southern Bering Sea , where the ocean is ice free , and some of the land areas adjacent to these seas , where the moderating influence of the open water helps melt the snow early ( Serreze and Barry , 2005 ) .
North Carolina
The state also has a special history with the Moravian Church , as settlers of this faith ( largely of German origin ) found a home in the Winston - Salem area in the 18th and 19th centuries . Presbyterians , historically Scots - Irish , have had a strong presence in Charlotte and in Scotland County .
Climate of the Arctic
Precipitation in most of the Arctic falls only as rain and snow . Over most areas snow is the dominant , or only , form of precipitation in winter , while both rain and snow fall in summer ( Serreze and Barry 2005 ) . The main exception to this general description is the high part of the Greenland Ice Sheet , which receives all of its precipitation as snow , in all seasons .
Vermont
The most populous city in Vermont is Burlington , and its metropolitan area is also the most populous in the state with an estimate of 214,796 as of 2013 .
Climate of the United Kingdom
Rainfall amounts can vary greatly across the United Kingdom and generally the further west and the higher the elevation , the greater the rainfall . The mountains of Wales , Scotland , the Pennines in Northern England and the moors of South West England are the wettest parts of the country , and in some of these places as much as 4,577 millimetres ( 180.2 in ) of rain can fall annually , making these locations some of the wettest in Europe . The wettest spot in the United Kingdom is Crib Goch , in Snowdonia , which has averaged 4,473 millimetres ( 176.1 in ) rain a year over the past 30 years . Most rainfall in the United Kingdom comes from North Atlantic depressions which roll into the country throughout the year from the west or southwest and are particularly frequent and intense in the autumn and winter . They can on occasions bring prolonged periods of heavy rain , and flooding is quite common .
University of North Carolina
Official name ( Previous name ) Official abbrev . Location Enrollment As of Fall 2016 Carnegie Classification Founded Nickname Joined system References Appalachian State University ( Appalachian State Teacher 's College , until 1967 ) ASU , App State ( for athletics ) Boone , Watauga County 18,295 Master 's University 1899 Mountaineers 1972 East Carolina University ( East Carolina College , until 1967 ) ECU , East Carolina ( for athletics ) Greenville , Pitt County 28,962 Doctoral / Research University 1907 Pirates 1972 Elizabeth City State University ( Elizabeth City State College , until 1969 ) ECSU Elizabeth City , Pasquotank County 1,357 Baccalaureate College 1891 Vikings 1972 Fayetteville State University ( Fayetteville State College , until 1969 ) FSU Fayetteville , Cumberland County 6,223 Master 's University 1867 Broncos 1972 North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University ( The Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina , until 1969 ) NC A&T Greensboro , Guilford County 11,877 Doctoral / Research University 1891 Aggies 1972 North Carolina Central University ( North Carolina College at Durham , until 1969 ) NCCU , NC Central ( for athletics ) Durham , Durham County 9,224 Master 's University 1909 Eagles 1972 North Carolina State University ( North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering , until 1963 ) NCSU , NC State or State ( for athletics ) Raleigh , Wake County 33,755 Doctoral / Research University 1887 Wolfpack 1932 University of North Carolina at Asheville ( Asheville - Biltmore College until 1969 ) UNCA or Asheville Asheville , Buncombe County 3,821 Baccalaureate College 1927 Bulldogs 1969 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( University of North Carolina
Climate of North Dakota
North Dakota 's climate is typical of a continental climate with cold winters and warm - hot summers . The state 's location in the Upper Midwest allows it to experience some of the widest variety of weather in the United States , and each of the four seasons has its own distinct characteristics . The eastern half of the state has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) with warm to hot , somewhat humid summers and cold , windy winters , while the western half has a semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSk ) with less precipitation and less humidity but similar temperature profiles . The areas east of the Missouri River get slightly colder winters , while those west of the stream get higher summer daytime temperatures . In general , the diurnal temperature difference is prone to be more significant in the west due to higher elevation and less humidity .
Climate of North Dakota
− 21.4 ( − 29.7 ) − 8.2 ( − 22.3 ) 16.2 ( − 8.8 ) 27.6 ( − 2.4 ) 40.3 ( 4.6 ) 46.0 ( 7.8 ) 41.3 ( 5.2 ) 30.1 ( − 1.1 ) 17.3 ( − 8.2 ) − 2 ( − 19 ) − 18.9 ( − 28.3 ) − 29 ( − 34 ) Record low ° F ( ° C ) − 43 ( − 42 ) − 42 ( − 41 ) − 36 ( − 38 ) − 9 ( − 23 ) 5 ( − 15 ) 28 ( − 2 ) 30 ( − 1 ) 30 ( − 1 ) 11 ( − 12 ) − 9 ( − 23 ) − 35 ( − 37 ) − 37 ( − 38 ) − 43 ( − 42 ) Average precipitation inches ( mm ) 0.55 ( 14 ) 0.52 ( 13.2 ) 0.96 ( 24.4 ) 1.01 ( 25.7 ) 2.68 ( 68.1 ) 3.48 ( 88.4 ) 3.15 ( 80 ) 2.88 ( 73.2 ) 2.05 ( 52.1 ) 1.97 ( 50 ) 0.95 ( 24.1 ) 0.61 ( 15.5 ) 20.81 ( 528.7 ) Average snowfall inches ( cm ) 10.7 ( 27.2 ) 6.6 ( 16.8 ) 7.2 ( 18.3 ) 2.6 ( 6.6 ) 0.1 ( 0.3 ) 0 ( 0 ) 0 ( 0 ) 0 ( 0 ) trace 1.5 ( 3.8 ) 7.7 ( 19.6 ) 10.7 ( 27.2 ) 47.1 ( 119.6 ) Average precipitation days ( ≥ 0.01 in ) 8.1 6.6 7.5 7.0 10.6 11.6 10.5 9.1 8.3 8.5 6.9 8.5 103.2 Average snowy days ( ≥ 0.1 in ) 10.1 7.1 5.5 1.9 0.2 0 0 0 0 1.3 5.6 9.8 41.5 Source : NOAA
Climate of North Dakota
Autumn weather in North Dakota is largely the reverse of spring weather . The jet stream , which tends to weaken in summer , begins to re-strengthen , leading to a quicker changing of weather patterns and an increased variability of temperatures . By late October and November these storm systems become strong enough to form major winter storms . Fall and spring are the windiest times of the year in North Dakota .
Vermont
The annual mean temperature for the state is 43 ° F ( 6 ° C ) . Vermont has a humid continental climate , with muddy springs , in general a mild early summer , hot Augusts ; it has colorful autumns : Vermont 's hills reveal red , orange , and ( on sugar maples ) gold foliage as cold weather approaches . Winters are colder at higher elevations . It has a Köppen climate classification of Dfb , similar to Minsk , Stockholm , and Fargo .
North Carolina
In the Battle of Cowan 's Ford , Cornwallis met resistance along the banks of the Catawba River at Cowan 's Ford on February 1 , 1781 , in an attempt to engage General Morgan 's forces during a tactical withdrawal . Morgan had moved to the northern part of the state to combine with General Greene 's newly recruited forces . Generals Greene and Cornwallis finally met at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in present - day Greensboro on March 15 , 1781 . Although the British troops held the field at the end of the battle , their casualties at the hands of the numerically superior Continental Army were crippling . Following this `` Pyrrhic victory '' , Cornwallis chose to move to the Virginia coastline to get reinforcements , and to allow the Royal Navy to protect his battered army . This decision would result in Cornwallis ' eventual defeat at Yorktown , Virginia , later in 1781 . The Patriots ' victory there guaranteed American independence .