vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2012 July 7
A quick look at Google tells me it 's strongly associated with rugby or other forms of football -- but with no special link to Australia . The first mention of anything Australian was this link , which says : `` The renewed debate about the worthiness of Advance Australia Fair has prompted this musing from Anita Ryan , of Margaret River , WA : ' Is it just my imagination , or is our national anthem set to the tune of Why Was She Born So Beautiful ? ' ''
England at the FIFA World Cup
1970 saw the first World Cup finals take place in North America and England qualified automatically for the tournament by winning the 1966 FIFA World Cup . England were drawn in a group with Romania , former world champions Brazil and Czechoslovakia . Each of the matches only saw one goal , with England defeating Romania and Czechoslovakia , and losing to Brazil . The quarter - final saw a repeat of the 1966 final , with England playing West Germany . England were hampered by the fact that first - choice goalkeeper Gordon Banks was ill , and Peter Bonetti played instead . England led 2 -- 0 with goals by Alan Mullery and Martin Peters , but in the 70th minute , Franz Beckenbauer pulled one goal back for West Germany .
2018 FIFA World Cup
The British Foreign Office and MPs had repeatedly warned English football fans and `` people of Asian or Afro - Caribbean descent '' travelling to Russia of `` racist or homophobic intimidation , hooligan violence and anti-British hostility '' . English football fans who have travelled have said they have received a warm welcome from ordinary citizens after arriving in Russia .
University of Alabama traditions
According to a November 25 , 1926 article in The Crimson White , football was first introduced at the University of Alabama in 1892 by W.G. Little of Livingston , Alabama , who had been a student at Andover , Massachusetts and `` went to the University for the game . ''
Football (ball)
The Australian football ball was invented by T.W. Sherrin in 1880 , after he was given a misshapen rugby ball to fix . Sherrin designed the ball with indented rather than pointy ends to give the ball a better bounce .
Origins of the blues
Many of these blues elements , such as the call - and - response format , can be traced back to the music of Africa . The use of melisma and a wavy , nasal intonation also suggests a connection between the music of West and Central Africa and the blues . The belief that blues is historically derived from the West African music including from Mali is reflected in Martin Scorsese 's often quoted characterization of Ali Farka Touré 's tradition as constituting `` the DNA of the blues '' .
Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
Originally named Hotspur Football Club , the club was formed on 5 September 1882 by a group of schoolboys led by Bobby Buckle . They were members of the Hotspur Cricket Club and the football club was formed to play sports during the winter months . A year later the boys sought help with the club from John Ripsher , the Bible class teacher at All Hallows Church , who became the first president of the club and its treasurer . Ripsher helped and supported the boys through the club 's formative years , reorganised and found premises for the club . In April 1884 the club was renamed `` Tottenham Hotspur Football Club '' to avoid confusion with another club , London Hotspur , whose post had been mistakenly delivered to North London .
Football
The International Rugby Football Board ( IRFB ) was founded in 1886 , but rifts were beginning to emerge in the code . Professionalism had already begun to creep into the various codes of football .
Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
Founded in 1882 , Tottenham won the FA Cup for the first time in 1901 , the only non-League club to do so since the formation of the Football League in 1888 . Tottenham were the first club in the 20th century to achieve the League and FA Cup Double , winning both competitions in the 1960 -- 61 season . After successfully defending the FA Cup in 1962 , in 1963 they became the first British club to win a UEFA club competition -- the European Cup Winners ' Cup . They were also the inaugural winners of the UEFA Cup in 1972 , becoming the first British club to win two different major European trophies . They have collected at least one major trophy in each of the six decades from the 1950s to 2000s -- an achievement only matched by Manchester United . In total , Spurs have won two league titles , eight FA Cups , four League Cups , seven FA Community Shields , one European Cup Winners ' Cup and two UEFA Cups . The club has a long - standing rivalry with nearby club Arsenal , with head - to - head fixtures known as the North London derby .
Football (ball)
The ball used in rugby union , usually referred to as a rugby ball , is a prolate spheroid essentially elliptical in profile . Traditionally made of brown leather , modern footballs are manufactured in a variety of colours and patterns . A regulation football is 28 -- 30 cm ( 11 -- 12 in ) long and 58 -- 62 cm ( 23 -- 24 in ) in circumference at its widest point . It weighs 410 -- 460 g ( 14 -- 16 oz ) and is inflated to 65.7 -- 68.8 kPa ( 9.5 -- 10.0 psi ) .
List of English football champions
Representing the first fully professional football competition in the world the league saw its early years dominated by teams from the North and Midlands , where professionalism was embraced more readily than in the South . Its status as the country 's pre-eminent league was strengthened in 1892 , when the rival Football Alliance was absorbed into the Football League . Former Alliance clubs comprised the bulk of a new Second Division , from which promotion to the top level could be gained . It was not until 1931 that a Southern club were crowned champions , when Herbert Chapman 's Arsenal secured the title . Arsenal scored 127 goals in the process , a record for a title - winning side ( though runners - up Aston Villa scored one goal more , a record for the top division ) .
Zinedine Zidane
Zinedine Yazid Zidane ( Berber languages : ⵣⵉⵏⴷⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵣⵉⴷ ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ ; Arabic : زين الدين يزيد زيدان ‎ ) was born on 23 June 1972 in La Castellane , Marseille , in Southern France . Zidane is of Algerian Kabyle descent . His parents , Smaïl and Malika , emigrated to Paris from the village of Aguemoune in the Berber - speaking region of Kabylie in northern Algeria in 1953 before the start of the Algerian War . The family , which had settled in the city 's tough northern districts of Barbès and Saint - Denis , found little work in the region , and in the mid-1960s moved to the northern Marseille suburb of La Castellane in the 16th arrondissement of Marseille .
Eden Hazard
Hazard made his highly anticipated debut for Belgium in the match against Luxembourg coming on as a substitute in the 67th minute for Wesley Sonck . On his debut , Hazard became the eighth youngest international player in Belgian football history , at 17 years and 316 days . On 12 August 2009 , after three consecutive substitute appearances with the team , he made his first start under coach Franky Vercauteren in the team 's 3 -- 1 friendly loss to the Czech Republic . Following the resignation of Vercauteren , he was replaced with manager Dick Advocaat . Under Advocaat , Hazard became a starter in the team and , on 14 November 2009 , played a full match for the first time in his international career . In the match , which was played against Hungary , Hazard assisted on two goals in a 3 -- 0 win .
MetLife Stadium
The base of the stadium 's facade is clad in limestone - like stonework while the rest of the stadium is distinguished by an outer skin of aluminum louvers and glass and by interior lighting capable of switching colors , depending on which team is currently playing -- blue for the Giants and green for the Jets . This idea originated at the Allianz Arena in Munich , Germany ; which is shared between the city 's two major soccer clubs , Bayern Munich and 1860 Munich . Unlike Giants Stadium , MetLife Stadium can easily be reconfigured for the Giants or Jets within a matter of hours . The total linear length of louvers is exactly 50,000 meters ( 50 kilometers ) or 163,681 feet ( 31.1 miles ) .
State of Origin series
Since the beginning of Australian rugby league in 1908 , an interstate competition between New South Wales and Queensland has been conducted from time to time . Until 1982 each team drew its players from the clubs based in that state . No consideration was given to the origins of the players themselves .
National colours of Australia
Of the football codes , the Australian national soccer team first wore green and gold in 1924 with the Australian national rugby league team and Australia national rugby union team following in 1928 and 1929 respectively .
Kansas City Chiefs
In select games for the 2009 season , the Chiefs , as well as the other founding teams of the American Football League , wore `` throwback '' uniforms to celebrate the AFL 's 50th anniversary .
Pro Football Hall of Fame
Part of the American football series on History of American football Origins of American football Early history of American football First game Walter Camp First pro player First pro league Modern history of American football Close relations : Medieval football Old division football Rugby football Association football Canadian football Black players in professional American football Homosexuality in American football Concussions in American football Rugby union comparison Rugby league comparison Canadian football comparison Pro Football Hall of Fame College Football Hall of Fame Years in American football NFL season - by - season College football season - by - season Glossary of American football American football Portal
Monday Night Football
ESPN Monday Night Football Genre NFL game telecasts Created by Roone Arledge Directed by Chet Forte ( 1970 -- 1986 ) Larry Kamm ( 1987 ) Craig Janoff ( 1988 -- 1999 ) Drew Esocoff ( 2000 -- 2005 ) Chip Dean ( 2006 -- present ) Presented by Commentators : Sean McDonough Jon Gruden Lisa Salters Studio hosts : Suzy Kolber Steve Young Randy Moss Matt Hasselbeck Charles Woodson Opening theme `` Score '' by Bob 's Band ( 1970 -- 1975 ) `` All My Rowdy Friends Are Here on Monday Night '' by Hank Williams , Jr. ( 1989 -- 2011 ; 2017 -- present ) `` Heavy Action '' by Johnny Pearson ( 1976 -- 1989 ; 2011 -- 2016 ) ( used as secondary theme from 1989 to 2011 and again from 2017 -- present ) Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons 47 ( NFL seasons ) No. of episodes 718 ( games ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Norby Williamson ( 2006 -- present ) Producer ( s ) Roger Lewin Jay Rothman Suzy Kolber ( uncredited ; 2006 -- present ) Location ( s ) Various NFL stadiums ( game telecasts ) ESPN Center , Bristol , Connecticut ( studio segments ) Camera setup Multi-camera Running time 3 - 4 hours Production company ( s ) National Football League ABC Sports ( 1970 -- 2005 ) ESPN ( 2006 -- present ) Release Original network ABC ( 1970 -- 2005 ) ESPN ( 2006 -- present ) Picture format 480i ( SDTV ) ( 1970 -- 2010 ) , 480i ( 16 : 9 SDTV ) ( 2011 -- present ) , 720p ( HDTV ) ( 2011 -- present ) Original release September 21 , 1970 ( 1970 - 09 - 21 ) -- present Chronology Related shows Monday Night Countdown External links Website espn.go.com/nfl/mnf
History of the Houston Oilers
The Houston Oilers began in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League . They were owned by Bud Adams , a Houston oilman , who had made several previous unsuccessful bids for an NFL expansion team in Houston . Adams was an influential member of the eight original AFL owners , since he , Dallas Texans / Kansas City Chiefs founder Lamar Hunt and Buffalo Bills founder Ralph Wilson were more financially stable than the other five ( all three would go on to own their franchises for over forty years , whereas the others pulled out by the 1980s ) .
Football
In 1845 , three boys at Rugby school were tasked with codifying the rules then being used at the school . These were the first set of written rules ( or code ) for any form of football . This further assisted the spread of the Rugby game . Competitions
Kansas City Chiefs
The state of Texas on the team 's helmet was replaced by an arrowhead design originally sketched by Lamar Hunt on a napkin . Hunt 's inspiration for the interlocking `` KC '' design was the `` SF '' inside of an oval on the San Francisco 49ers helmets . Unlike the 49ers ' logo , Kansas City 's overlapping initials appear inside a white arrowhead instead of an oval and are surrounded by a thin black outline . From 1960 to 1973 , the Chiefs had grey facemask bars on their helmets , but changed to white bars in 1974 , making them one of the first teams in the NFL to use a non-gray facemask .
12th man (football)
The December 18 , 1938 , Dallas Morning News said `` Whether they play now on a team , used to play back in the day , follow the game closely or just quarterback from the grandstand occasionally , every American football enthusiast well knows how much that twelfth man in the stands means to any American football team . But that backing means unusually much in the traditional Thanksgiving game between the University of Texas and Texas A&M . With an uncertain monotony that has long since made game forecasters exceedingly skittish , these two win where their twelfth men help most . '' Thus , in this single instance , the term `` Twelfth Man '' was used to refer to the fans of both schools playing .
National Football League on television
The NFL owns NFL Films , whose duties include providing game film to media outlets for highlights shows after a 2 - to 3 - day window during which outlets can use original game broadcast highlights .
American football rules
In very rare and risky instances , a trailing team who scored a touchdown , and as a result is down by 1 point , may attempt a two - point conversion to gamble on a win and avoid overtime ( or , under NCAA or NFHS rules , a subsequent overtime period ) . Two famous examples of this gamble were by Nebraska in the last minute of the 1984 Orange Bowl ( unsuccessful ) and by Boise State in the first overtime of the 2007 Fiesta Bowl ( successful ) . Note that under NCAA rules , teams are required to `` go for two '' starting with the third overtime procedure . Under college and NFL rules , if the defensive team gains possession and advances the ball the length of the field into the opposite end zone on the try ( for example by an interception or a fumble recovery , or by blocking a kick and legally recovering the ball ) , they score two points . This is officially recorded as a touchdown scored by the defense . The NCAA adopted this rule in 1988 ; the NFL added this in 2015 . This scenario can not occur under high school football rules ; the ball is ruled dead and the try is over immediately when the defense gains possession . In the extremely rare event that the offensive team scores a safety on the try , it receives one point . In college football , this can occur when , for example , the defense gains control of the ball and attempts to advance it , then fumbles it out of bounds in its own end zone . Prior to 2015 , only the offense could score a one - point safety in the NFL as the try ended once the defense gains possession . As of 2015 , either team may score a 1 - point safety due to the rule changes permitting the defense to return a try after a turnover . The game clock is not advanced during a try , however , the play clock is enforced . A delay of game penalty , false start , or similar penalty , by the offense results in a 5 - yard penalty assessed for the try . Typically , penalties charged against the defense give the offensive two options : half the distance to the goal for the try , or assessing the full penalty on the ensuing kickoff . Since the try is not timed by the game clock , if a touchdown is scored as regulation time expires ( and game clock subsequently reads 0 : 00.0 ) , the try is still allowed to be conducted .
Football helmet
One of the first instances of football headgear dates to 1896 when Lafayette College halfback George `` Rose '' Barclay began to use straps and earpieces to protect his ears . It is not certain who invented the football helmet . Many sources give credit for the creation of the helmet to James Naismith , while other sources credit U.S. Naval Academy Midshipman Joseph M. Reeves ( later to become the `` Father of Carrier Aviation '' ) , who had a protective device for his head made out of mole skin to allow him to play in the 1893 Army - Navy game . Reeves had been advised by a Navy doctor that another kick to his head would result in `` instant insanity '' or even death , so he commissioned an Annapolis shoemaker to make him a helmet out of leather . Later , helmets were made of padded leather and resembled aviators ' helmets or modern day scrum caps . At least in professional football , they were optional . Some National Football League players , notably Hall - of - Famer Bill Hewitt , played all or most of their careers without a helmet .
History of the National Football League
The National Anthem controversy was started by former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick . Kaepernick knelt during the National Anthem in protest of Americas treatment of minorities . In October 2017 , Papa John 's Pizza removed the `` official sponsor '' designation on their television advertising over disagreements with how the NFL handled the National Anthem protests .
Football (ball)
The game is played with a round leather football made of 18 stitched leather panels , similar in appearance to a traditional volleyball ( but larger ) , with a circumference of 68 -- 70 cm ( 27 -- 28 in ) , weighing between 480 -- 500 g ( 17 -- 18 oz ) when dry . It may be kicked or hand passed . A hand pass is not a punch but rather a strike of the ball with the side of the closed fist , using the knuckle of the thumb .
Monday Night Football
After Monday Night Football moved to ESPN in 2006 ( around the same time that ABC Sports rebranded as ESPN on ABC ) , ESPN changed its entire graphics package to a red and black design , while NFL coverage used a separate design . For NFL telecasts in 2006 and 2007 , a dark gray , metallic scorebug was used , located in an unorthodox placement at the center of the bottom of the screen .
Cleveland Browns
Originally conceived due to the personal animosity between Paul Brown and Art Modell , the `` Battle of Ohio '' between the Browns and the Cincinnati Bengals has been fueled by the sociocultural differences between Cincinnati and Cleveland , a shared history between the two teams , and even similar team colors , since Brown used the exact shade of orange for the Bengals that he used for the Browns . ( Though this has changed since then , as the Bengals now use a brighter shade of orange . ) Modell , in fact , moved the Browns to the AFC after the AFL -- NFL merger in order to have a rivalry with the Bengals . The rivalry has also produced two of the eight highest - scoring games in NFL history . Cincinnati has the all - time edge 50 -- 39 , having won the majority of games against the Browns since they returned to the NFL in 1999 ( 25 wins for Cincinnati and 12 wins for Cleveland ) . Baltimore
History of the Cleveland Browns
When the AFL and NFL merged before the 1970 season , Cleveland became part of the new American Football Conference ( AFC ) . While the Browns made it back to the playoffs in 1971 and 1972 , they fell into mediocrity through the mid-1970s . A revival of sorts took place in 1979 and 1980 , when quarterback Brian Sipe engineered a series of last - minute wins and the Browns came to be called the `` Kardiac Kids '' . Under Sipe , however , the Browns did not make it past the first round of the playoffs . Quarterback Bernie Kosar , who the Browns drafted in 1985 , led the team to three AFC Championship games in the late 1980s but lost each time . In 1995 , Modell announced he was relocating the Browns to Baltimore , sowing a mix of outrage and bitterness among Cleveland 's dedicated fan base . Negotiations and legal battles led to an agreement where Modell was allowed to move the team , but Cleveland kept the Browns ' name , colors and history . After three years of suspension while the old municipal stadium was demolished and Cleveland Browns Stadium took its place , the Browns started play again in 1999 under new owner Al Lerner . Since resuming operations , the Browns have made the playoffs only once , as a wild - card team in 2002 .
History of the National Football League
By the middle of the 1960s competition for players , including separate college drafts , was driving up player salaries . In 1965 , in the most high - profile such contest and a major boost to the AFL , University of Alabama quarterback Joe Namath signed with the New York Jets rather than the NFL 's St. Louis Cardinals for a then - record $427,000 . In 1966 , the NFL 's New York Giants broke an informal agreement and signed placekicker Pete Gogolak , who was under contract to the AFL 's Buffalo Bills . Then AFL Commissioner Al Davis embarked on a campaign to sign players away from the NFL , especially quarterbacks , but behind the scenes a number of NFL team owners began action to end the detrimental rivalry .
American football rules
the ball carrier is downed , as described above ; a forward pass falls incomplete ( it touches the ground before possession is secured by a player ) ; the ball carrier or ball touches the sideline or end line or otherwise goes outside the field of play ( `` out of bounds '' ) ; the ball carrier or the ball , except on a scoring field goal attempt , hits any part of the goalpost ( even if it bounces back onto the field ) ; a team scores ; a kick receiver makes a fair catch ( waving his arm above his head to signal a fair catch , where the kicking team is not allowed to interfere with him or hit him after the catch , but in return he is not allowed to run ) , or a member of the receiving team gains possession after a fair catch signal was given ; a member of the kicking team possesses a kicked ball beyond the line of scrimmage ( e.g. `` downing '' a punt allowed to roll by the receiving team by holding it to stop its roll ) ; a kicked ball comes to rest ; a touchback occurs ; or under NFL or college rules , on fourth down ( or , in the NFL , on any down after the two - minute warning in either half / overtime ) , a ball fumbled forward by the offensive team is recovered by an offensive team player other than the fumbler .
American football
Three positions are specific to the field goal and PAT ( point - after - touchdown ) unit : the placekicker ( K or PK ) , holder ( H ) and long snapper ( LS ) . The long snapper 's job is to snap the football to the holder , who will catch and position it for the placekicker . There is not usually a holder on kickoffs , because the ball is kicked off of a tee ; however , a holder may be used in certain situations , such as if wind is preventing the ball from remaining upright on the tee . The player on the receiving team who catches the ball is known as the kickoff returner ( KR ) .
United States
Core American culture was established by Protestant British colonists and shaped by the frontier settlement process , with the traits derived passed down to descendants and transmitted to immigrants through assimilation . Americans have traditionally been characterized by a strong work ethic , competitiveness , and individualism , as well as a unifying belief in an `` American creed '' emphasizing liberty , equality , private property , democracy , rule of law , and a preference for limited government . Americans are extremely charitable by global standards . According to a 2006 British study , Americans gave 1.67 % of GDP to charity , more than any other nation studied , more than twice the second place British figure of 0.73 % , and around twelve times the French figure of 0.14 % .