vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Basketball
The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards . A further change was soon made , so the ball merely passed through . Whenever a person got the ball in the basket , his team would gain a point . Whichever team got the most points won the game . The baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of the playing court , but this proved impractical when spectators in the balcony began to interfere with shots . The backboard was introduced to prevent this interference ; it had the additional effect of allowing rebound shots . Naismith 's handwritten diaries , discovered by his granddaughter in early 2006 , indicate that he was nervous about the new game he had invented , which incorporated rules from a children 's game called duck on a rock , as many had failed before it .
Afghanistan
Other popular sports in Afghanistan include basketball , volleyball , taekwondo , and bodybuilding . Buzkashi is a traditional sport , mainly among the northern Afghans . It is similar to polo , played by horsemen in two teams , each trying to grab and hold a goat carcass . The Afghan Hound ( a type of running dog ) originated in Afghanistan and was originally used in hunting .
Basketball
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject . You may improve this article , discuss the issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate . ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
Kobe Bryant
Kobe Bean Bryant ( born August 23 , 1978 ) is an American retired professional basketball player and businessman . He played his entire 20 - year career with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He entered the NBA directly from high school and won five NBA championships with the Lakers . Bryant is an 18 - time All - Star , 15 - time member of the All - NBA Team , and 12 - time member of the All - Defensive team . He led the NBA in scoring during two seasons , and ranks third on the league 's all - time regular season scoring and fourth on the all - time postseason scoring list . He holds the NBA record for the most seasons playing with one franchise for an entire career .
Basketball
There are limits imposed on the time taken before progressing the ball past halfway ( 8 seconds in FIBA and the NBA ; 10 seconds in NCAA and high school for both sexes ) , before attempting a shot ( 24 seconds in FIBA , the NBA , and U Sports ( Canadian universities ) play for both sexes , and 30 seconds in NCAA play for both sexes ) , holding the ball while closely guarded ( 5 seconds ) , and remaining in the restricted area known as the free - throw lane , ( or the `` key '' ) ( 3 seconds ) . These rules are designed to promote more offense .
Kobe Bryant
Bryant earned national recognition during a spectacular high school career at Lower Merion High School located in Ardmore , in the Philadelphia suburb of Lower Merion . As a freshman , he played for the varsity basketball team . He became the first freshman in decades to start for Lower Merion 's varsity team , but the team finished with a 4 -- 20 record . The following three years , the Aces compiled a 77 -- 13 record , with Bryant playing all five positions . During his junior year , he averaged 31.1 points , 10.4 rebounds and 5.2 assists and was named Pennsylvania Player of the Year , attracting attention from college recruiters in the process . Duke , Michigan , North Carolina and Villanova were at the top of his list ; however , when Kevin Garnett went in the first round of the 1995 NBA draft , he began considering going directly to the pros .
Basketball
Another shot that is becoming common is the `` circus shot '' . The circus shot is a low - percentage shot that is flipped , heaved , scooped , or flung toward the hoop while the shooter is off - balance , airborne , falling down , and / or facing away from the basket . A back - shot is a shot taken when the player is facing away from the basket , and may be shot with the dominant hand , or both ; but there is a very low chance that the shot will be successful .
Kobe Bryant
With career averages of 25.0 points , 5.2 rebounds , 4.7 assists , and 1.4 steals per game , he is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history . He was the first player in NBA history to have at least 30,000 career points and 6,000 career assists , and is one of only four players with 25,000 points , 6,000 rebounds and 6,000 assists . Bryant led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons . His 81 - point performance against Toronto in 2006 was the second - highest in NBA history , behind only Chamberlain 's 100 . He has scored at least 50 points 24 times in his career , which is third in league history behind Jordan ( 31 ) and Chamberlain ( 118 ) ; six times Bryant scored at least 60 . He was just the third player in NBA history to average 40 points in a calendar month , which he has accomplished four times . Bryant was voted the league MVP in 2008 and led his team to the 2008 NBA Finals as the first seed in the Western Conference . In the 2008 Summer Olympics , he won a gold medal as a member of the U.S. men 's basketball team , occasionally referred to as `` The Redeem Team '' . He won another gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics . He led the Lakers to two more championships in 2009 and 2010 , winning the Finals MVP award on both occasions .
Basketball
Slamball Slamball is full - contact basketball , with trampolines . Points are scored by playing the ball through the net , as in basketball , though the point - scoring rules are modified . The main differences from the parent sport is the court ; below the padded basketball rim and backboard are four trampolines set into the floor , which serve to propel players to great heights for slam dunks . The rules also permit some physical contact between the members of the four - player teams .
Southern United States
Golf is a popular recreational sport in most areas of the South , with the region 's warm climate allowing it to host many professional tournaments and numerous destination golf resorts , particularly in the state of Florida . The region is home to The Masters , an elite invitational competition played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia , which has become one of the professional game 's most important tournaments .
Michael Jordan
Jordan is also known for his product endorsements . He fueled the success of Nike 's Air Jordan sneakers , which were introduced in 1985 and remain popular today . Jordan also starred as himself in the 1996 film Space Jam . In 2006 , he became part - owner and head of basketball operations for the Charlotte Bobcats ; he bought a controlling interest in 2010 . In 2014 , Jordan became the first billionaire player in NBA history . He is the third - richest African - American , behind Robert F. Smith and Oprah Winfrey .
Kobe Bryant
The son of former NBA player Joe Bryant , Kobe Bryant enjoyed a successful high school basketball career at Lower Merion High School in Pennsylvania , where he was recognized as the top high school basketball player in the country . He declared for the NBA draft upon graduation , and was selected with the 13th overall pick in the 1996 NBA draft by the Charlotte Hornets , who traded him to the Lakers . As a rookie , Bryant earned himself a reputation as a high - flyer and a fan favorite by winning the 1997 Slam Dunk Contest , and he was named an All - Star by his second season . Despite a feud between them , Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal led the Lakers to three consecutive championships from 2000 to 2002 .
Basketball
Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket , methods varying with players and situations .
Basketball
Frank Mahan , one of the players from the original first game , approached Naismith after the Christmas break , in early 1892 , asking him what he intended to call his new game . Naismith replied that he had n't thought of it because he had been focused on just getting the game started . Mahan suggested that it be called `` Naismith ball '' , at which he laughed , saying that a name like that would kill any game . Mahan then said , `` Why not call it basketball ? '' Naismith replied , `` We have a basket and a ball , and it seems to me that would be a good name for it . '' The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany , New York , on January 20 , 1892 , with nine players . The game ended at 1 -- 0 ; the shot was made from 25 feet ( 7.6 m ) , on a court just half the size of a present - day Streetball or National Basketball Association ( NBA ) court .
Basketball
The two most common shots that use the above described setup are the set shot and the jump shot . The set shot is taken from a standing position , with neither foot leaving the floor , typically used for free throws , and in other circumstances while the jump shot is taken in mid-air , the ball released near the top of the jump . This provides much greater power and range , and it also allows the player to elevate over the defender . Failure to release the ball before the feet return to the floor is considered a traveling violation .
Basketball
In 1901 , colleges , including the University of Chicago , Columbia University , Cornell University , Dartmouth College , the University of Minnesota , the U.S. Naval Academy , the University of Colorado and Yale University began sponsoring men 's games . In 1905 , frequent injuries on the football field prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to suggest that colleges form a governing body , resulting in the creation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States ( IAAUS ) . In 1910 , that body would change its name to the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The first Canadian interuniversity basketball game was played at the YMCA in Kingston , Ontario on February 6 , 1904 , when McGill University visited Queen 's University . McGill won 9 -- 7 in overtime ; the score was 7 -- 7 at the end of regulation play , and a ten - minute overtime period settled the outcome . A good turnout of spectators watched the game .
North Carolina
College sports are also popular in North Carolina , with 18 schools competing at the Division I level . The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is headquartered in Greensboro , and both the ACC Football Championship Game ( Charlotte ) and the ACC Men 's Basketball Tournament ( Greensboro ) were most recently held in North Carolina . College basketball in particular is very popular , buoyed by the Tobacco Road rivalries between Duke , North Carolina , North Carolina State , and Wake Forest . The ACC Championship Game and the Belk Bowl are held annually in Charlotte 's Bank of America Stadium , featuring teams from the ACC and the Southeastern Conference . Additionally , the state has hosted the NCAA Men 's Basketball Final Four on two occasions , in Greensboro in 1974 and in Charlotte in 1994 .
Basketball
In early December 1891 , Canadian Dr. James Naismith , a physical education professor and instructor at the International Young Men 's Christian Association Training School ( YMCA ) ( today , Springfield College ) in Springfield , Massachusetts , was trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy day . He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters . After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled - in gymnasiums , he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10 - foot ( 3.0 m ) elevated track . In contrast with modern basketball nets , this peach basket retained its bottom , and balls had to be retrieved manually after each `` basket '' or point scored ; this proved inefficient , however , so the bottom of the basket was removed , allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time . Old
Basketball
There are limits placed on the steps a player may take without dribbling , which commonly results in an infraction known as traveling . Nor may a player stop his dribble and then resume dribbling . A dribble that touches both hands is considered stopping the dribble , giving this infraction the name double dribble . Within a dribble , the player can not carry the ball by placing his hand on the bottom of the ball ; doing so is known as carrying the ball . A team , once having established ball control in the front half of their court , may not return the ball to the backcourt and be the first to touch it . A violation of these rules results in loss of possession .
Basketball
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
Detroit Pistons
Though the Pistons enjoyed a solid local following , Fort Wayne 's small size made it difficult for them to be profitable , especially as other early NBA teams based in smaller cities started folding or relocating to larger markets . After the 1956 -- 57 season , Zollner decided that Fort Wayne was too small to support an NBA team and announced the team would be playing elsewhere in the coming season . He ultimately settled on Detroit . Although it was the fifth largest city in the United States at the time , Detroit had not seen professional basketball in a decade . They lost the Detroit Eagles due to World War II , both the Detroit Gems of the NBL ( whose remnants became the Minneapolis Lakers ) and the Detroit Falcons of the BAA in 1947 , and the Detroit Vagabond Kings in 1949 . Zollner decided to keep the Pistons name , believing it made sense given Detroit 's status as the center of the automobile industry .
Basketball
Dr. James Naismith was instrumental in establishing college basketball . His colleague C.O. Beamis fielded the first college basketball team just a year after the Springfield YMCA game at the suburban Pittsburgh Geneva College . Naismith himself later coached at the University of Kansas for six years , before handing the reins to renowned coach Forrest `` Phog '' Allen . Naismith 's disciple Amos Alonzo Stagg brought basketball to the University of Chicago , while Adolph Rupp , a student of Naismith 's at Kansas , enjoyed great success as coach at the University of Kentucky . On February 9 , 1895 , the first intercollegiate 5 - on - 5 game was played at Hamline University between Hamline and the School of Agriculture , which was affiliated with the University of Minnesota . The School of Agriculture won in a 9 -- 3 game .
American popular music
In 1935 , swing music became popular with the public and quickly replaced jazz as the most popular type of music ( although there was some resistance to it at first ) . Swing music is characterized by a strong rhythm section , usually consisting of a double bass and drums , playing in a medium to fast tempo , and rhythmic devices like the swung note . Swing is primarily a kind of 1930s jazz fused with elements of the blues and the pop sensibility of Tin Pan Alley . Swing used bigger bands than other kinds of jazz had and was headed by bandleaders that tightly arranged the material , discouraging the improvisation that had been an integral part of jazz . David Clarke called swing the first `` jazz - oriented style ( to be ) at the center of popular music ... as opposed to merely giving it backbone '' . By the end of the 1930s , vocalists became more and more prominent , eventually taking center stage following the American Federation of Musicians strike , which made recording with a large band prohibitively expensive . Swing came to be accompanied by a popular dance called the swing dance , which was very popular across the United States , among both white and black audiences , especially youth .
History of education in the United States
In the 1880s the high schools started developing as community centers . They added sports and by the 1920s were building gymnasiums that attracted large local crowds to basketball and other games , especially in small town schools that served nearby rural areas . College
Michael Jordan
Jordan played on two Olympic gold medal - winning American basketball teams . He won a gold medal as a college player in the 1984 Summer Olympics . The team was coached by Bob Knight and featured players such as Patrick Ewing , Sam Perkins , Chris Mullin , Steve Alford , and Wayman Tisdale . Jordan led the team in scoring , averaging 17.1 ppg for the tournament .
Basketball
Hall of Fame player Larry Bird , who is white , stated in 2004 that the league needed more white players since the league 's fans are mostly white . `` And if you just had a couple of white guys in there , you might get them ( the fans , not the guys ) a little excited . But it is a black man 's game , and it will be forever . I mean , the greatest athletes in the world are African - American , '' said Bird .
American popular music
American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world . The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture , including ragtime , blues , jazz , swing , rock , bluegrass , country , R&B , doo wop , gospel , soul , funk , heavy metal , punk , disco , house , techno , salsa , grunge and hip hop . In addition , the American music industry is quite diverse , supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco , klezmer and slack - key .
NBA Conference Finals
Line `` 1949 '' refers to the last BAA Playoffs . In its inaugural 1949 -- 50 season only , the NBA used a three - division arrangement . Syracuse won the Eastern Division championship in the first two rounds of the 1950 NBA Playoffs and advanced to the Finals as the one of three division champions with the best regular season record .
LeBron James
Throughout his senior year , James and the Fighting Irish traveled around the country to play a number of nationally ranked teams , including a game against Oak Hill Academy that was nationally televised on ESPN2 . Time Warner Cable , looking to capitalize on James ' popularity , offered St. Vincent - St. Mary 's games to subscribers on a pay - per - view basis throughout the season . For the year , James averaged 31.6 points , 9.6 rebounds , 4.6 assists , and 3.4 steals per game , was named Ohio Mr. Basketball and selected to the USA Today All - USA First Team for an unprecedented third consecutive year , and was named Gatorade National Player of the Year for the second consecutive year . He participated in three year - end high school basketball all - star games -- the EA Sports Roundball Classic , the Jordan Capital Classic , and the McDonald 's All - American Game -- losing his National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) eligibility and making it official that he would enter the 2003 NBA draft . Many basketball analysts , scouts , and writers have noted that James left high school as one of the best and most hyped prospects of all - time .
LeBron James
LeBron Raymone James ( / ləˈbrɒn / ; born December 30 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . James has won three NBA championships , four NBA Most Valuable Player Awards , three NBA Finals MVP Awards , two Olympic gold medals , an NBA scoring title , and the NBA Rookie of the Year Award . He has also been selected to 13 NBA All - Star teams , 13 All - NBA teams , and six All - Defensive teams , is the Cavaliers ' all - time leading scorer , and is the NBA career playoff scoring leader .
Kobe Bryant
Bryant 's United States national team career finally began in 2007 . He was a member of the 2007 USA Men 's Senior National Team and USA FIBA Americas Championship Team that finished 10 -- 0 , won gold and qualified the United States men for the 2008 Olympics . He started in all 10 of the USA 's FIBA Americas Championship games . Bryant averaged 15.3 points , 2.9 assists , 2.0 rebounds , and 1.6 steals per game in the tournament .
Michael Jordan
As a freshman in coach Dean Smith 's team - oriented system , he was named ACC Freshman of the Year after he averaged 13.4 points per game ( ppg ) on 53.4 % shooting ( field goal percentage ) . He made the game - winning jump shot in the 1982 NCAA Championship game against Georgetown , which was led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing . Jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career . During his three seasons at North Carolina , he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0 % shooting , and added 5.0 rebounds per game ( rpg ) . He was selected by consensus to the NCAA All - American First Team in both his sophomore ( 1983 ) and junior ( 1984 ) seasons . After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984 , Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA draft . The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third overall pick , after Hakeem Olajuwon ( Houston Rockets ) and Sam Bowie ( Portland Trail Blazers ) . One of the primary reasons why Jordan was not drafted sooner was because the first two teams were in need of a center . However , Trail Blazers general manager Stu Inman contended that it was not a matter of drafting a center , but more a matter of taking Sam Bowie over Jordan , in part because Portland already had Clyde Drexler , who was a guard with similar skills to Jordan . ESPN , citing Bowie 's injury - laden college career , named the Blazers ' choice of Bowie as the worst draft pick in North American professional sports history . Jordan returned to North Carolina to complete his degree in 1986 . He graduated the same year with a Bachelor of Arts degree in geography .
Michael Jordan
Jordan led the NBA in scoring in 10 seasons ( NBA record ) and tied Wilt Chamberlain 's record of seven consecutive scoring titles . He was also a fixture on the NBA All - Defensive First Team , making the roster nine times ( NBA record shared with Gary Payton , Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant ) . Jordan also holds the top career regular season and playoff scoring averages of 30.1 and 33.4 points per game , respectively . By 1998 , the season of his Finals - winning shot against the Jazz , he was well known throughout the league as a clutch performer . In the regular season , Jordan was the Bulls ' primary threat in the final seconds of a close game and in the playoffs ; he would always ask for the ball at crunch time . Jordan 's total of 5,987 points in the playoffs is the second - highest in NBA history . He retired with 32,292 points in regular season play , placing him fourth on the NBA 's all - time scoring list behind Kareem Abdul - Jabbar , Karl Malone , and Kobe Bryant .
Basketball
There is currently no tournament to determine a national high school champion . The most serious effort was the National Interscholastic Basketball Tournament at the University of Chicago from 1917 to 1930 . The event was organized by Amos Alonzo Stagg and sent invitations to state champion teams . The tournament started out as a mostly Midwest affair but grew . In 1929 it had 29 state champions . Faced with opposition from the National Federation of State High School Associations and North Central Association of Colleges and Schools that bore a threat of the schools losing their accreditation the last tournament was in 1930 . The organizations said they were concerned that the tournament was being used to recruit professional players from the prep ranks . The tournament did not invite minority schools or private / parochial schools .
Big Apple
`` Big Apple '' is a nickname for New York City . It was first popularized in the 1920s by John J. Fitz Gerald , a sports writer for the New York Morning Telegraph . Its popularity since the 1970s is due in part to a promotional campaign by the New York tourist authorities
Basketball
A shot that misses both the rim and the backboard completely is referred to as an air ball . A particularly bad shot , or one that only hits the backboard , is jocularly called a brick . The hang time is the length of time a player stays in the air after jumping , either to make a slam dunk , lay - up or jump shot .