vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Eastern Orthodox Church
This daily cycle services is conceived of as both the sanctification of time ( chronos , the specific times during which they are celebrated ) , and entry into eternity ( kairos ) . They consist to a large degree of litanies asking for God 's mercy on the living and the dead , readings from the Psalter with introductory prayers , troparia , and other prayers and hymns surrounding them . The Psalms are so arranged that when all the services are celebrated the entire Psalter is read through in their course once a week , and twice a week during Great Lent when the services are celebrated in an extended form . Music
Pendulum
The cause of this behavior was that the two pendulums were affecting each other through slight motions of the supporting mantlepiece . This process is called entrainment or mode locking in physics and is observed in other coupled oscillators . Synchronized pendulums have been used in clocks and were widely used in gravimeters in the early 20th century . Although Huygens only observed out - of - phase synchronization , recent investigations have shown the existence of in - phase synchronization , as well as `` death '' states wherein one or both clocks stops .
Curling
The curler can induce a curved path by causing the stone to slowly turn as it slides , and the path of the rock may be further influenced by two sweepers with brooms who accompany it as it slides down the sheet , using the brooms to alter the state of the ice in front of the stone . Sweeping a rock makes it curl less , and decreases the friction that slows the rock down . A great deal of strategy and teamwork go into choosing the ideal path and placement of a stone for each situation , and the skills of the curlers determine the degree to which the stone will achieve the desired result . This gives curling its nickname of `` chess on ice '' .
Parent material
Collections of large rock fragments that have traveled downslope by gravity are called colluvial debris or colluvium .
Aerosmith
`` You should have felt the buzz the moment all five of us got together in the same room for the first time again . We all started laughin ' -- it was like the five years had never passed . We knew we 'd made the right move . '' -- Steven Tyler
When You Believe
The song 's alternate video features a similar synopsis , where Houston begins singing the song on a large stone altar in the middle of an auditorium . As she finishes her verse , Carey is seen walking up the ramp in the background , joining Houston for her verse . They continue singing the song together , standing side by side and holding hands . After completing the song , both singers exit the auditorium together as in the first video , simulating two friends enjoying time with each other . Both videos are very similar , only the alternate version does not feature an audience , choir or images , only the duo singing together atop the stone altar . In this version of the video , Houston wears a long brown strapless gown , and features a shoulder length bob haircut . Carey on the otherhand , features long cascading curls and dons an olive green gown .
Islamic architecture
The Shirvan - Absheron school unlike Nakchivan style used stones instead of the bricks in the construction . At the same characteristics of this trend were the asymmetry and stone carving , which includes famous landmarks like Palace of the Shirvanshahs .
History of hip-hop dance
In response to this revelation , Herc developed the Merry - Go - Round technique to extend the breaks -- the percussion interludes or instrumental solos within a longer work of music . When he played a break on one turntable , he repeated the same break on the second turntable as soon as the first was finished . He then looped these records one after the other in order to extend the break as long as he wanted : `` And once they heard that , that was it , was n't no turning back , '' Herc told Chang . `` They always wanted to hear breaks after breaks after breaks after breaks . '' It was during these times that the dancers , later known as break - boys or b - boys , would perform what is known as breaking . A
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)
The children later find out Fluffy is guarding the Philosopher 's Stone , an object that can be used to grant its owner immortality . Harry suspects that the potions teacher , and head of Slytherin House , Severus Snape is trying to obtain the stone in order to return Voldemort to physical form . Hagrid accidentally reveals to the trio that Fluffy will fall asleep if played music . Harry , Ron , and Hermione decide that night to try and find the stone before Snape does , but discover that Fluffy is already asleep . They get past Fluffy and face a series of safeguards , which include surviving a deadly plant known as Devil 's Snare , a room filled with aggressive flying keys which bruises Harry , and a dangerous life - sized game of chess that nearly kills Ron .
Easter Island
Basalt , a hard , dense stone used for toki and at least one of the moai . Obsidian , a volcanic glass with sharp edges used for sharp - edged implements such as Mataa and for the black pupils of the eyes of the moai . Red scoria from Puna Pau , a very light red stone used for the pukao and a few moai . Tuff from Rano Raraku , a much more easily worked rock than basalt that was used for most of the moai . Statues
Ancient Greek architecture
The temple rises from a stepped base or `` stylobate '' , which elevates the structure above the ground on which it stands . Early examples , such as the Temple of Zeus at Olympus , have two steps , but the majority , like the Parthenon , have three , with the exceptional example of the Temple of Apollo at Didyma having six . The core of the building is a masonry - built `` naos '' within which is a cella , a windowless room originally housing the statue of the god . The cella generally has a porch or `` pronaos '' before it , and perhaps a second chamber or `` antenaos '' serving as a treasury or repository for trophies and gifts . The chambers were lit by a single large doorway , fitted with a wrought iron grill . Some rooms appear to have been illuminated by skylights .
Leucitite
Leucitite or leucite rock is an igneous rock containing leucite . It is scarce , many countries such as England being entirely without them . However , they are of wide distribution , occurring in every quarter of the globe . Taken collectively , they exhibit a considerable variety of types and are of great interest petrographically . For the presence of this mineral it is necessary that the silica percentage of the rock should be low , since leucite is incompatible with free quartz and reacts with it to form potassium feldspar . Because it weathers rapidly , leucite is most common in lavas of recent and Tertiary age , which have a fair amount of potassium , or at any rate have potassium equal to or greater than sodium ; if sodium is abundant nepheline occurs rather than leucite .
Moai
Recent experimental recreations have proven that it is fully possible that the moai were literally walked from their quarries to their final positions by ingenious use of ropes . Teams of workers would have worked to rock the moai back and forth , creating the walking motion and holding the moai upright . If correct , it can be inferred that the fallen road moai were the result of the teams of balancers being unable to keep the statue upright , and it was presumably not possible to lift the statues again once knocked over . However , the debate continues .
Centrifugal force
In a frame of reference rotating with the stone around the same axis as the stone , the stone is stationary . However , the force applied by the string is still acting on the stone . If one were to apply Newton 's laws in their usual ( inertial frame ) form , one would conclude that the stone should accelerate in the direction of the net applied force -- towards the axis of rotation -- which it does not do . The centrifugal force and other fictitious forces must be included along with the real forces in order to apply Newton 's laws of motion in the rotating frame .
Mass wasting
A fall , including rockfall and debris fall , occurs where regolith cascades down a slope , but is not of sufficient volume or viscosity to behave as a flow . Falls are promoted in rocks which are characterized by the presence of vertical cracks . Falls can also result from undercutting by running water as well as by waves . They usually occur at very steep slopes such as a cliff face . The rock material may be loosened by earthquakes , rain , plant - root wedging , and expanding ice , among other things . The accumulation of rock material that has fallen and resides at the base of the structure is known as talus .
Brown Sugar (The Rolling Stones song)
In the liner notes to the compilation album Jump Back ( 1993 ) , Jagger says , `` The lyric was all to do with the dual combination of drugs and girls . This song was a very instant thing , a definite high point . '' The song is in compound AABA form .
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)
Because the American title was different , all scenes that mention the philosopher 's stone by name had to be re-shot , once with the actors saying `` philosopher 's '' and once with `` sorcerer 's '' . The children filmed for four hours and then did three hours of schoolwork . They developed a liking for fake facial injuries from the makeup staff . Radcliffe was initially meant to wear green contact lenses as his eyes are blue , and not green like Harry 's , but the lenses gave Radcliffe extreme irritation . Upon consultation with Rowling , it was agreed that Harry could have blue eyes .
Japanese swordsmithing
Some other marks on the blade are aesthetic : signatures and dedications written in kanji and engravings depicting gods , dragons , or other acceptable beings , called horimono . Some are more practical . The so - called `` blood groove '' or fuller does not in actuality allow blood to flow more freely from cuts made with the sword , but is simply to reduce the weight of the sword while keeping structural integrity and strength . Grooves come in wide ( bo - hi ) , twin narrow ( futasuji - hi ) , twin wide and narrow ( bo - hi ni tsure - hi ) , short ( koshi - hi ) , twin short ( gomabushi ) , twin long with joined tips ( shobu - hi ) , twin long with irregular breaks ( kuichigai - hi ) , and halberd - style ( naginata - hi ) .
Tabla
Drums and Talas are mentioned in the Vedic era texts . A percussion musical instrument with two or three small drums , held with strings , called Pushkara ( also spelled Pushkala ) were in existence in pre-5th century Indian subcontinent along with other drums such as the Mridang , but these are not called tabla then . The pre-5th century paintings in the Ajanta Caves , for example , show a group of musicians playing small tabla - like upright seated drums , a kettle - shaped mridang drum and cymbals . Similar artwork with seated musicians playing drums , but carved in stone , are found in the Ellora Caves , and others .
History of hip-hop dance
Capoeira is an Afro - Brazilian martial art , described by Pabon as `` a form of self defense disguised as a dance . '' Its influence on breaking is disputed and debated ; one side believes that breaking came from capoeira , while the other side denies this . Capoeira is hundreds of years older than breaking , and uprock is similar in purpose to capoeira in that both translate aggressive combat movements into stylized dance . Both breaking and capoeira are performed to music and , since both art forms are acrobatic , some moves look similar to each other . However , capoeira is more rule - oriented . One rule in capoeira is that a capoeirista 's back can never touch the ground . In contrast , a breaker 's back is almost always on the ground , and the only rule in breaking is that you do not touch your opponent during a battle . Two
The Rite of Spring
The first dance , `` Augurs of Spring '' , is characterised by a repetitive stamping chord in the horns and strings , based on E ♭ superimposed on a triad of E , G ♯ and B. White suggests that this bitonal combination , which Stravinsky considered the focal point of the entire work , was devised on the piano , since the constituent chords are comfortable fits for the hands on a keyboard . The rhythm of the stamping is disturbed by Stravinsky 's constant shifting of the accent , on and off the beat , before the dance ends in a collapse , as if from exhaustion . Alex Ross has summed up the pattern as follows : one
Hindu temple
Large temples also have pillared halls called mandapa . One on the east side , serves as the waiting room for pilgrims and devotees . The mandapa may be a separate structure in older temples , but in newer temples this space is integrated into the temple superstructure . Mega temple sites have a main temple surrounded by smaller temples and shrines , but these are still arranged by principles of symmetry , grids and mathematical precision . An important principle found in the layout of Hindu temples is mirroring and repeating fractal - like design structure , each unique yet also repeating the central common principle , one which Susan Lewandowski refers to as `` an organism of repeating cells '' . An
Ode on a Grecian Urn
The urn is a `` foster - child of silence and slow time '' because it was created from stone and made by the hand of an artist who did not communicate through words . As stone , time has little effect on it and ageing is such a slow process that it can be seen as an eternal piece of artwork . The urn is an external object capable of producing a story outside the time of its creation , and because of this ability the poet labels it a `` sylvan historian '' that tells its story through its beauty :
Elgin Marbles
International organisations such as UNESCO and the International Association for the Reunification of the Parthenon Sculptures , as well as campaign groups such as Marbles Reunited , and stars of Hollywood , such as George Clooney and Matt Damon , as well as Human Rights activists , lawyers , and the people of the arts , voiced their strong support for the return of the Elgin Marbles to Greece .
Parent material
Parent materials that are predominantly composed of consolidated rock are termed residual parent material . The consolidated rocks consist of igneous , sedimentary , and metamorphic rock , etc .
Ancient Greek architecture
The architrave of the Ionic Order is sometimes undecorated , but more often rises in three outwardly - stepped bands like overlapping timber planks . The frieze , which runs in a continuous band , is separated from the other members by rows of small projecting blocks . They are referred to as dentils , meaning `` teeth '' , but their origin is clearly in narrow wooden slats which supported the roof of a timber structure . The Ionic Order is altogether lighter in appearance than the Doric , with the columns , including base and capital , having a 9 : 1 ratio with the diameter , while the whole entablature was also much narrower and less heavy than the Doric entablature . There was some variation in the distribution of decoration . Formalised bands of motifs such as alternating forms known as `` egg and dart '' were a feature of the Ionic entablatures , along with the bands of dentils . The external frieze often contained a continuous band of figurative sculpture or ornament , but this was not always the case . Sometimes a decorative frieze occurred around the upper part of the naos rather than on the exterior of the building . These Ionic - style friezes around the naos are sometimes found on Doric buildings , notably the Parthenon . Some temples , like the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus , had friezes of figures around the lower drum of each column , separated from the fluted section by a bold moulding .
Pottery of ancient Greece
The alabastron 's name suggests alabaster , stone. Glass was also used , mostly for fancy small perfume bottles , though some Hellenistic glass rivalled metalwork in quality and probably price .
Jewish wedding
The Krenzl , in which the bride 's mother is crowned with a wreath of flowers as her daughters dance around her ( traditionally at the wedding of the mother 's last unwed daughter ) . The Mizinke , a dance for the parents of the bride or groom when their last child is wed . The `` Horah '' is a Middle Eastern / Israeli style dance usually played as a second dance set . The gladdening of the bride , in which guests dance around the bride , and can include the use of `` shtick '' -- silly items such as signs , banners , costumes , confetti , and jump ropes made of table napkins . The Mitzvah tantz , in which family members and honored rabbis are invited to dance in front of the bride ( or sometimes with the bride in the case of a father or grandfather ) , often holding a gartel , and then dancing with the groom . At the end the bride and groom dance together themselves .
Aihole
The temple foundation moldings rhythmically project the pilastered walls of the temple . The temple is not complete , as the niches and walls where carvings would be , are either cut but empty or left uncut and left raised . The temple had a tower , but it is lost and has been replaced by a rooftop watch room like empty chamber added much later and that does not flow with the rest of temple . The moldings around the foundation have carvings of Jaina motifs such as seated Jinas meditating . Aihole
Ash Wednesday
Ash Wednesday derives its name from the placing of repentance ashes on the foreheads of participants to either the words `` Repent , and believe in the Gospel '' or the dictum `` Remember that you are dust , and to dust you shall return . '' The ashes may be prepared by burning palm leaves from the previous year 's Palm Sunday celebrations .
The Dark Is Rising Sequence
The Signs : A set of six circles quartered ( divided evenly in four sections ) by crosses . The six signs are each made of a different material and represent a different element : wood , bronze , iron , water , fire , and stone . The six Signs represent the Six champions of the Light , referred to in the recurring Poem of the Dark Is Rising series , as `` three from the Circle , three from the Track '' . When used , the signs have the power to repel the Dark . The Grail : Presumably the source of the King Arthur Holy Grail legend , it is an artefact of power used by the Light . There are markings on it in a writing similar to Ogham , which is long lost . It is eventually translated by the Old Ones , thanks to a coded manuscript inside a metal case held by the Greenwitch . The Harp ( the harp of gold ) : A golden harp that is obtained by Will Stanton and Bran Davies from a triumvirate of the High Magic by answering three riddles . The Light uses it in The Grey King in order to wake the Sleepers in preparation for the final battle . Whoever plays the harp creates powerful music that negates any magic , through the protection of the High Magic . The Crystal Sword : A magical sword , commissioned by the Light , crafted in the magical Lost Lands by the Lost King . It is named Eirias ; therefore , `` blazing '' , also called sword of the sunrise . In the presence of the Dark , it burns with blue fire . It can cut portals through magical barriers , as seen in Silver on the Tree , and is encased in a magical scabbard of invisibility . It is used by Bran Davies , the Pendragon , heir of King Arthur , to cut the one fully blossomed silver flower on the Midsummer 's Tree , which is caught by Merriman .
Repatriation (cultural heritage)
Greece is seeking repatriation of the Elgin Marbles from the British Museum , taken from the Parthenon by Thomas Bruce , 7th Earl of Elgin . Since 1816 , the British Museum has held the Parthenon Marbles ( `` In Britain , the acquisition of the collection was supported by some , while other critics compared The British Consul at Greece Elgin 's actions to vandalism or looting '' , text from the Marbles article ) , and , despite the tortuous and ill explained path from Greece to England , the museum strongly defends its right to own and display the marbles . Euphronios
Cremation
( Germany ) A piece of fire clay used for identifying the ash after burning the dead body ( Germany ) A cinerary urn . The laces are used to lower the urn into the ground ( Germany ) A sealed cinerary urn , showing the ash capsule containing the remains of the dead , along with the name and dates ( Germany ) The ash capsule ( Germany ) An open ash capsule showing the remains of the dead ( Germany ) Ash capsule and cinerary urn after 15 years
Diamond
Only a very small fraction of the diamond ore consists of actual diamonds . The ore is crushed , during which care is required not to destroy larger diamonds , and then sorted by density . Today , diamonds are located in the diamond - rich density fraction with the help of X-ray fluorescence , after which the final sorting steps are done by hand . Before the use of X-rays became commonplace , the separation was done with grease belts ; diamonds have a stronger tendency to stick to grease than the other minerals in the ore . Siberia
History of the center of the Universe
Mount Hermon was regarded as the axis mundi in Caananite tradition , from where the sons of God are introduced descending in 1 Enoch ( 1En6 : 6 ) . The ancient Greeks regarded several sites as places of earth 's omphalos ( navel ) stone , notably the oracle at Delphi , while still maintaining a belief in a cosmic world tree and in Mount Olympus as the abode of the gods . Judaism has the Temple Mount and Mount Sinai , Christianity has the Mount of Olives and Calvary , Islam has Mecca , said to be the place on earth that was created first , and the Temple Mount ( Dome of the Rock ) . In Shinto , the Ise Shrine is the omphalos . In addition to the Kun Lun Mountains , where it is believed the peach tree of immortality is located , the Chinese folk religion recognizes four other specific mountains as pillars of the world . A
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)
Harry wakes up in the school 's hospital wing with Dumbledore at his side . Dumbledore explains that the stone has been destroyed and that Ron and Hermione are both fine . Dumbledore also reveals how Harry was able to defeat Quirrell : when Harry 's mother died to save him , her death gave Harry a love - based protection against Voldemort . Harry , Ron , and Hermione are rewarded with house points for their heroic performances , tying them for first place with Slytherin . Dumbledore then awards ten points to Neville , who had attempted to stop his friends , giving Gryffindor enough points to win the House Cup . Harry returns home for the summer , happy to finally have a real home in Hogwarts .
Leucitite
`` Pseudoleucites '' are rounded areas consisting of feldspar , nepheline , analcite , &c. , which have the shape , composition and sometimes even the outward crystalline shape of leucite ; they are probably pseudomorphs or paramorphs , which have developed from leucite because this mineral is not stable at ordinary temperatures and can be expected under favorable conditions to undergo spontaneous change into an aggregate of other minerals . Leucite is very often accompanied by nepheline , sodalite or nosean ; other minerals which make their appearance with some frequency are melanite , garnet and melilite .
Plate smashing
Plate smashing is a Greek custom involving the smashing of plates or glasses during celebratory occasions . In popular culture , the practice is most typical of foreigners ' stereotypical image of Greece , and while it occurs more rarely today , it continues to be seen on certain occasions , such as weddings , although plaster plates are more likely to be used .