vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Mercury in fish
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists note that , considering all the dangers and benefits , the overall result of eating fish in the United States is likely to improve personal health rather than damage it . The college argues that the omega - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish have a health benefit that outweighs the harm from mercury or polychlorinated biphenyls . Even so , the College also suggests limiting fish consumption for pregnant women . A risk - benefit study weighing the risks of mercury consumption against the benefits derived from fish in Alaska showed that the benefits outweigh the risks when consuming salmon for both cardiovascular health and infant neurological development , and that MeHg data for non-oily fish needs to be of high quality before relative risk can be reliably identified . The Seychelles Child Development Study traced more than seven hundred mother - child pairs for nine years , and found no neurological problems in the children resulting from both prenatal and postnatal methylmercury exposure . A study done with marketed fish in Oman concluded that , except in a few rare cases , the fish available for consumption had lower levels of mercury than limits defined by various health organizations . Clearly , these studies call into question whether or not normal everyday consumption of fish is dangerous in any way , and at very least justify the creation of place - based and culturally relevant consumption advisories . They do not take into account cases of severe mercury poisoning , such as that found in Minamata disease .
Statin
Consumption of grapefruit or grapefruit juice inhibits the metabolism of certain statins . Bitter oranges may have a similar effect . Furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice ( i.e. bergamottin and dihydroxybergamottin ) inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4 , which is involved in the metabolism of most statins ( however , it is a major inhibitor of only lovastatin , simvastatin , and to a lesser degree , atorvastatin ) and some other medications ( flavonoids ( i.e. naringin ) were thought to be responsible ) . This increases the levels of the statin , increasing the risk of dose - related adverse effects ( including myopathy / rhabdomyolysis ) . The absolute prohibition of grapefruit juice consumption for users of some statins is controversial .
Japanese cuisine
As Japan is an island nation surrounded by an ocean , its people have always taken advantage of the abundant seafood supply . It is the opinion of some food scholars that the Japanese diet always relied mainly on `` grains with vegetables or seaweeds as main , with poultry secondary , and red meat in slight amounts '' even before the advent of Buddhism which placed an even stronger taboo . The eating of `` four - legged creatures '' ( 四 足 , yotsuashi ) was spoken of as taboo , unclean or something to be avoided by personal choice through the Edo period . The consumption of whale and terrapin meat were not forbidden under this definition . Despite this , the consumption of red meat did not completely disappear in Japan . Eating wild game -- as opposed to domesticated livestock -- was tolerated ; in particular , trapped hare was counted using the measure word wa ( 羽 ) , a term normally reserved for birds .
Ham hock
Since this piece generally consists of much skin , tendons and ligaments , it requires long cooking through stewing or braising to be made palatable . The cut of meat can be cooked with greens and other vegetables or in flavorful sauces . It is often added to soups , such as pea and ham soup , with the meat being added to the soup prior to serving . The meat of particularly meaty hocks may be removed and served as is . Ham hocks , like hog jowls ( pigs ' cheeks ) , add a distinctive flavor to various dishes . This is particularly true for collard greens , mustard greens , cabbage , green beans and navy beans .
Eastern Orthodox Church
In general , fasting means abstaining from meat and meat products , dairy ( eggs and cheese ) and dairy products , fish , olive oil , and wine . Wine and oil -- and , less frequently , fish -- are allowed on certain feast days when they happen to fall on a day of fasting ; but animal products and dairy are forbidden on fast days , with the exception of `` Cheese Fare '' week which precedes Great Lent , during which dairy products are allowed . Wine and oil are usually also allowed on Saturdays and Sundays during periods of fast . In some Orthodox traditions , caviar is permitted on Lazarus Saturday , the Saturday before Palm Sunday , although the day is otherwise a fast day . Married couples also abstain from sexual activity on fast days so that they may devote themselves fulsomely to prayer ( 1 Corinthians 7 : 5 ) .
Eden Hazard
In Belgium 's next competitive match against Turkey on 3 June 2011 , Hazard started the match , but was substituted out after 60 minutes . Disappointed with his performance and substitution , the midfielder retired to the locker room and was later spotted on television outside the stadium with his family eating a hamburger while the match was still ongoing . Following the episode , which has become known as Burgergate in Belgium , Hazard apologized for the defection , while Leekens attributed Hazard 's response to the substitution as `` a young player making a mistake '' .
Camel
Camel meat is halal ( Arabic : حَـلَال ‎ ‎ , ' allowed ' ) for Muslims . However , according to some Islamic schools of thought , a state of impurity is brought on by the consumption of it . Consequently , these schools hold that Muslims must perform wudhu ( ablution ) before the next time they pray after eating camel meat . Also , some Islamic schools of thought consider it haram ( Arabic : حَـرَام ‎ ‎ , ' forbidden ' ) for a Muslim to perform Salat in places where camels lie , as it is said to be a dwelling place of the Shaytan ( Arabic : شَـيْـطَـان ‎ ‎ , ' Devil ' ) . According to Abu Yusuf , the urine of camel may be used for medical treatment if necessary , but according to Abū Ḥanīfah , the drinking of camel urine is discouraged .
Utilitarianism
In John Stuart Mill 's essay `` On Nature '' he argues that the welfare of wild animals is to be considered when making utilitarian judgments . Tyler Cowen argues that , if individual animals are carriers of utility , then we should consider limiting the predatory activity of carnivores relative to their victims : `` At the very least , we should limit current subsidies to nature 's carnivores . ''
Sustainability
The American Public Health Association ( APHA ) defines a `` sustainable food system '' as `` one that provides healthy food to meet current food needs while maintaining healthy ecosystems that can also provide food for generations to come with minimal negative impact to the environment . A sustainable food system also encourages local production and distribution infrastructures and makes nutritious food available , accessible , and affordable to all . Further , it is humane and just , protecting farmers and other workers , consumers , and communities . '' Concerns about the environmental impacts of agribusiness and the stark contrast between the obesity problems of the Western world and the poverty and food insecurity of the developing world have generated a strong movement towards healthy , sustainable eating as a major component of overall ethical consumerism . The environmental effects of different dietary patterns depend on many factors , including the proportion of animal and plant foods consumed and the method of food production . The World Health Organization has published a Global Strategy on Diet , Physical Activity and Health report which was endorsed by the May 2004 World Health Assembly . It recommends the Mediterranean diet which is associated with health and longevity and is low in meat , rich in fruits and vegetables , low in added sugar and limited salt , and low in saturated fatty acids ; the traditional source of fat in the Mediterranean is olive oil , rich in monounsaturated fat . The healthy rice - based Japanese diet is also high in carbohydrates and low in fat . Both diets are low in meat and saturated fats and high in legumes and other vegetables ; they are associated with a low incidence of ailments and low environmental impact .
Masters Tournament
The defending champion , as host , selects the menu for the dinner . Frequently , Masters champions have served finely prepared cuisine by the Masters chef from their home regions . Notable examples have included haggis , served by Scotsman Sandy Lyle in 1989 , and bobotie , a South African dish , served at the behest of 2008 champion Trevor Immelman . Other examples include German Bernhard Langer 's 1986 Wiener schnitzel , Britain 's Nick Faldo 's fish and chips , Canadian Mike Weir 's elk and wild boar , and Vijay Singh 's seafood tom kah and chicken panang curry . In 1997 , 1979 champion Fuzzy Zoeller created a media storm when he suggested that Tiger Woods refrain from serving collard greens and fried chicken , dishes commonly associated with Afro - American culture , at the dinner . The 2011 dinner of Phil Mickelson was a Spanish - themed menu in hopes that Seve Ballesteros would attend , but he was too sick to attend and died weeks later .
Statin
Other possible adverse effects include neuropathy , pancreatic and liver dysfunction , and sexual dysfunction . The rate at which such events occur has been widely debated , in part because the risk / benefit ratio of statins in low - risk populations is highly dependent on the rate of adverse events . A Cochrane meta - analysis of statin clinical trials in primary prevention found no evidence of excess adverse events among those treated with statins compared to placebo . Another meta - analysis found a 39 % increase in adverse events in statin treated people relative to those receiving placebo , but no increase in serious adverse events . The author of one study argued that adverse events are more common in clinical practice than in randomized clinical trials . A systematic review concluded that while clinical trial meta - analyses underestimate the rate of muscle pain associated with statin use , the rates of rhabdomyolysis are still `` reassuringly low '' and similar to those seen in clinical trials ( about 1 -- 2 per 10,000 person years ) . A systematic review co-authored by Ben Goldacre concluded that only a small fraction of side effects reported by people on statins are actually attributable to the statin .
Brisket
Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal . The beef brisket is one of the nine beef primal cuts , though the precise definition of the cut differs internationally . The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals . As cattle do not have collar bones , these muscles support about 60 % of the body weight of standing / moving cattle . This requires a significant amount of connective tissue , so the resulting meat must be cooked correctly to tenderize the connective tissue .
In-N-Out Burger
The chain 's image has also made it popular in more non-traditional ways . For example , In - N - Out is still considered acceptable in some areas with a strong opposition to corporate food restaurants , such as McDonald 's . Local business leaders in San Francisco 's Fisherman 's Wharf district said they opposed every other fast food chain except In - N - Out , because they wanted to maintain the flavor of family - owned , decades - old businesses in the area , with one saying locals would ordinarily `` be up in arms about a fast - food operation coming to Fisherman 's Wharf , '' but `` this is different . '' California native and Colorado Rockies player Jason Giambi would often visit In - N - Out Burger when on the West Coast with his former team , the New York Yankees . He said he tried to open an In - N - Out Burger restaurant in New York , but was unsuccessful .
Halloween
On All Hallows ' Eve , many Western Christian denominations encourage abstinence from meat , giving rise to a variety of vegetarian foods associated with this day . A
Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest
Another controversy occurred in 2003 when former NFL player William `` The Refrigerator '' Perry competed as a celebrity contestant . Though he had won a qualifier by eating twelve hot dogs , he ate only four at the contest , stopping after just five minutes . Shea stated that the celebrity contestant experiment will likely not be repeated .
Utilitarianism
In his 1990 edition of Animal Liberation , Peter Singer said that he no longer ate oysters and mussels , because although the creatures might not suffer , they might , it 's not really known , and it 's easy enough to avoid eating them in any case ( and this aspect of seeking better alternatives is a prominent part of utilitarianism ) .
Major League Baseball transactions
Once all of the options have been used up on a player , a player is considered `` out of options '' and a player must be placed on and clear waivers prior to being sent down to the minor leagues ( there is also the `` veterans ' consent '' rule ) .
Lead poisoning
The critically endangered California condor has also been affected by lead poisoning . As scavengers , condors eat carcasses of game that have been shot but not retrieved , and with them the fragments from lead bullets ; this increases their lead levels . Among condors around the Grand Canyon , lead poisoning due to eating lead shot is the most frequently diagnosed cause of death . In an effort to protect this species , in areas designated as the California condor 's range the use of projectiles containing lead has been banned to hunt deer , feral pigs , elk , pronghorn antelope , coyotes , ground squirrels , and other non-game wildlife . Also , conservation programs exist which routinely capture condors , check their blood lead levels , and treat cases of poisoning .
Football player
A 1983 study of rugby players found that the life expectancy of All Blacks is the same as for the general population .
Polar bear
Polar bears accumulate high levels of persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCBs ) and chlorinated pesticides . Due to their position at the top of the ecological pyramid , with a diet heavy in blubber in which halocarbons concentrate , their bodies are among the most contaminated of Arctic mammals . Halocarbons are known to be toxic to other animals , because they mimic hormone chemistry , and biomarkers such as immunoglobulin G and retinol suggest similar effects on polar bears . PCBs have received the most study , and they have been associated with birth defects and immune system deficiency .
Polar bear
Because of the way polar bear hunting quotas are managed in Canada , attempts to discourage sport hunting would actually increase the number of bears killed in the short term . Canada allocates a certain number of permits each year to sport and subsistence hunting , and those that are not used for sport hunting are re-allocated to indigenous subsistence hunting . Whereas northern communities kill all the polar bears they are permitted to take each year , only half of sport hunters with permits actually manage to kill a polar bear . If a sport hunter does not kill a polar bear before his or her permit expires , the permit can not be transferred to another hunter .
Height in sports
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Football player
Although levels of depression and pain in retired football players are on par with the societal average , some players suffer from post-retirement chronic injuries . Head injuries are a particular concern .
Semen
The connection between food and physical growth , on the one hand , and semen , on the other , allows Aristotle to warn against `` engag ( ing ) in sexual activity at too early an age ... ( since ) this will affect the growth of their bodies . Nourishment that would otherwise make the body grow is diverted to the production of semen . Aristotle is saying that at this stage the body is still growing ; it is best for sexual activity to begin when its growth is ' no longer abundant ' , for when the body is more or less at full height , the transformation of nourishment into semen does not drain the body of needed material . ''
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The LDS faithful observe a health code called the `` Word of Wisdom , '' in which they abstain from the consumption of alcohol , coffee , tea , and tobacco . The Word of Wisdom also encourages the use of wholesome herbs and fruits within season , moderate consumption of meat , and consumption of grains .
Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church
The former regulations on abstinence obliged Roman Catholics starting as young as age seven , but there were many exceptions . Large classes of people were considered exempt from fasting and abstinence , not only the sick and those with physically demanding jobs , but also people traveling and students . The regulations were adapted to each nation , and so in most dioceses in America abstinence from meat was not required on the Friday after Thanksgiving , to accommodate any meat left over from that US national holiday .
Chipotle Mexican Grill
In 2001 , Chipotle released a mission statement called Food With Integrity , which highlighted Chipotle 's efforts to increase their use of naturally raised meat , organic produce , and dairy without added hormones . Chipotle only uses the leg and thigh meat from its chickens ; the breast meat is sold to Panera Bread . Customers
Mercury in fish
In the United States , the Environmental Protection Agency measures the amount of mercury concentrated in human blood that does not pose fatal health outcomes . The agency is in charge of enforcing regulations and policies that cover a range of environmental topics . Analysis of blood mercury concentrations in childbearing women has proved that exposure to methyl mercury ( MeHg ) occurs primarily through the consumption of fish . The U.S. FDA highly recommends against pregnant woman and young children consuming raw fish . Pregnant women and young children often lack strong immune systems and are more at risk for foodborne illnesses . Medical
Pete Maravich
After injuries forced his retirement from the game in the fall of 1980 , Maravich became a recluse for two years . Through it all , Maravich said he was searching `` for life '' . He tried the practices of yoga and Hinduism , read Trappist monk Thomas Merton 's The Seven Storey Mountain and took an interest in the field of ufology , the study of unidentified flying objects . He also explored vegetarianism and macrobiotics . Eventually , he embraced evangelical Christianity . A few years before his death , Maravich said , `` I want to be remembered as a Christian , a person that serves him ( Jesus ) to the utmost , not as a basketball player . ''
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
McMahon stated in a 1978 profile of Carson in The New Yorker that `` the ' Tonight Show ' is my staple diet , my meat and potatoes -- I 'm realistic enough to know that everything else stems from that '' . After a 1965 incident in which he ruined Carson 's joke on the air McMahon was careful to , as he said , `` never to go where ( Carson ) 's going '' . He wrote in his 1998 autobiography :
Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
Those that are for lowering the drinking age generally argue that the moderate consumption of alcohol frequently as a complement to a meal or drink with friends is preferable to and healthier than the binge drinking habits more often associated with dry countries such as the United States . These opinions generally lead to the argument that it is far more effective and beneficial for laws to monitor , limit , and guide healthy drinking habits rather than to outright ban it . Furthermore , it is argued that alcohol abuse occurs -- at least in part -- as a result of the stringent drinking laws . Many of these proponents also argue that instead of there being a strict age limit , laws should be more gradual with suggestions such as having to take a test to get licensed to drink or implementing laws such as those in Europe that limit the type of alcohols or the setting under which they may be consumed .
Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies
Game hunting was a familiar beneficial skill to the colonists when they immigrated to the New World . Most northern colonists depended upon hunting , whether they hunted themselves or purchased game from others . As a method of obtaining protein for consumption , hunting was preferred over animal husbandry as domestic animals were expensive and more work was required to defend domestic animals against natural predators , Native Americans , or the French . Commonly hunted game included deer , bear , buffalo , and turkey . The larger parts of the animals were roasted and served with currant and other sauces , while smaller portions went into soups , stews , sausages , pies , and pasties .
Bennet Omalu
Together with colleagues in the Department of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh , Omalu published his findings in the journal Neurosurgery in 2005 in a paper titled `` Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player . '' In it , Omalu called for further study of the disease : `` We herein report the first documented case of long - term neurodegenerative changes in a retired professional NFL player consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy ( CTE ) . This case draws attention to a disease that remains inadequately studied in the cohort of professional football players , with unknown true prevalence rates . '' Omalu believed the National Football League ( NFL ) doctors would be `` pleased '' to read it and that his research could be used to `` fix the problem . '' The paper received little attention initially , but members of the NFL 's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ( MTBI ) Committee later called for its retraction in May 2006 . Their letter requesting the retraction characterized Omalu 's description of CTE as `` completely wrong '' and called the paper `` a failure . ''