vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Hot air balloon
A hot air balloon is a lighter - than - air aircraft consisting of a bag , called an envelope , which contains heated air . Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket ( in some long - distance or high - altitude balloons , a capsule ) , which carries passengers and ( usually ) a source of heat , in most cases an open flame . The heated air inside the envelope makes it buoyant since it has a lower density than the colder air outside the envelope . As with all aircraft , hot air balloons can not fly beyond the atmosphere . Unlike gas balloons , the envelope does not have to be sealed at the bottom , since the air near the bottom of the envelope is at the same pressure as the surrounding air . In modern sport balloons the envelope is generally made from nylon fabric and the inlet of the balloon ( closest to the burner flame ) is made from a fire resistant material such as Nomex . Modern balloons have been made in all kinds of shapes , such as rocket ships and the shapes of various commercial products , though the traditional shape is used for most non-commercial , and many commercial , applications .
Alaska
Many communities have small air taxi services . These operations originated from the demand for customized transport to remote areas . Perhaps the most quintessentially Alaskan plane is the bush seaplane . The world 's busiest seaplane base is Lake Hood , located next to Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport , where flights bound for remote villages without an airstrip carry passengers , cargo , and many items from stores and warehouse clubs . In 2006 Alaska had the highest number of pilots per capita of any U.S. state .
Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport
On November 16 , 1959 National Airlines Flight 967 , a Douglas DC - 7 flying from Tampa to New Orleans crashed into the Gulf of Mexico . All 42 passengers and crew were killed . Eastern Air Lines Flight 304 operated with a Douglas DC - 8 flying from New Orleans International Airport to Washington Dulles International Airport crashed on February 25 , 1964 nine minutes after takeoff . All 51 passengers and 7 crew members were killed . On March 20 , 1969 , Douglas DC - 3 N142D , leased from Avion Airways for a private charter , crashed on landing , killing 16 of the 27 passengers and crew members on board . The aircraft was operating a domestic non-scheduled passenger flight from Memphis International Airport , Tennessee . On July 9 , 1982 , Pan Am Flight 759 , en route from Miami to Las Vegas , departed New Orleans International . The Boeing 727 - 200 jetliner took off from the east -- west runway ( Runway 10 / 28 ) traveling east but never gained an altitude higher than 150 feet ( 46 m ) . The aircraft traveled 4,610 feet ( 1405 m ) beyond the end of Runway 10 , hitting trees along the way , until crashing into a residential neighborhood . A total of 153 people were killed ( all 145 on board and 8 on the ground ) . The crash was , at the time , the second - deadliest civil aviation disaster in U.S. history . The National Transportation Safety Board determined the probable cause was the aircraft 's encounter with a microburst - induced wind shear during the liftoff . This atmospheric condition created a downdraft and decreasing headwind forcing the plane downward . Modern wind shear detection equipment protecting flights from such conditions is now in place both onboard planes and at most commercial airports , including Armstrong International . On May 24 , 1988 TACA Flight 110 was forced to glide without power and make an emergency landing on top of a levee east of New Orleans International Airport after flame - out in both engines of the Boeing 737 - 300 in a severe thunderstorm . There were no casualties and the aircraft was subsequently repaired and returned to service . On March 21 , 2015 , sixty - three - year - old Richard White walked into the airport armed with a machete and Molotov cocktails and began attacking TSA agents . He was subsequently shot and killed by a Jefferson Parish Sheriff 's Deputy .
Western Front (World War I)
Specialised aeroplanes for aerial combat were introduced in 1915 . Aircraft were already in use for scouting and on 1 April , the French pilot Roland Garros became the first to shoot down an enemy aircraft by using a machine - gun that shot forward through the propeller blades . This was achieved by crudely reinforcing the blades to deflect bullets . Several weeks later Garros force - landed behind German lines . His aeroplane was captured and sent to Dutch engineer Anthony Fokker , who soon produced a significant improvement , the interrupter gear , in which the machine gun is synchronised with the propeller so it fires in the intervals when the blades of the propeller are out of the line of fire . This advance was quickly ushered into service , in the Fokker E.I ( Eindecker , or monoplane , Mark 1 ) , the first single seat fighter aircraft to combine a reasonable maximum speed with an effective armament . Max Immelmann scored the first confirmed kill in an Eindecker on 1 August . Both sides developed improved weapons , engines , airframes and materials , until the end of the war . It also inaugurated the cult of the ace , the most famous being Manfred von Richthofen ( the Red Baron ) . Contrary to the myth , anti-aircraft fire claimed more kills than fighters .
Technological and industrial history of the United States
The introduction of the airplane to the battlefield was one of the most radical changes in the history of warfare . The history of flight spans hundreds of years and the distinction of building the first flying machine is complicated , but in December 1903 the Wright Brothers achieved sustained , manned , and controlled heavier - than - air flight . The Wright brothers had difficulty raising funding from the government and military , but after World War I began in 1914 , airplanes quickly assumed great tactical importance for both sides ( see Aviation in World War I ) ; the US government appropriated $640 million in 1917 to procure 20,000 airplanes for the war for aerial reconnaissance , dogfighting , and aerial bombing . After the close of the war in 1918 , the US government continued to fund peacetime aeronautical activities like airmail and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics . Throughout the 1920s and 1930s , industrial , university , and military research continued to realize gains in the power , maneuverability , and reliability of airplanes : Charles Lindbergh completed a solo non-stop transatlantic flight in 1927 , Wiley Post flew around the world in nine days in 1931 , and Howard Hughes shattered flight airspeed records throughout the decade . In the 1930s , passenger airlines boomed as a result of the Kelley Act , state and local governments began constructing airports to attract airlines , and the federal government began to regulate air traffic control and investigate aviation accidents and incidents .
The Mountain Between Us (film)
Principal photography started on December 5 , 2016 , in Vancouver , and continued until February 24 , 2017 . Elba and Winslet filmed scenes at the Vancouver International Airport on December 6 , 2016 ; Elba also filmed scenes at the Abbotsford International Airport on December 7 , 2016 . Filming stopped for Christmas holidays , from December 20 , 2016 to January 3 , 2017 .
Boeing B-29 Superfortress
Only two of the 22 museum aircraft are outside the United States , one is the B - 29A It 's Hawg Wild in the American Air Museum at the Imperial War Museum Duxford in the United Kingdom , the other at the KAI Aerospace Museum in Sachon , South Korea .
History of women in the United States
Eventually the Air Force obtained 40 % of all WACs in the Army ; women were assigned as weather observers and forecasters , cryptographers , radio operators and repairmen , sheet metal workers , parachute riggers , link trainer instructors , bombsight maintenance specialists , aerial photograph analysts , and control tower operators . Over 1,000 WACs ran the statistical control tabulating machines ( the precursors of modern - day computers ) used to keep track of personnel records . By January 1945 only 50 % of AAF WACs held traditional assignments such as file clerk , typist , and stenographer . A few Air Force WACs were assigned flying duties ; two WAC radio operators assigned to Mitchel Field , New York , flew as crew members on B - 17 training flights . WAC mechanics and photographers also made regular flights . Three WACs were awarded Air Medals , including one in India for her work in mapping `` the Hump , '' the mountainous air route overflown by pilots ferrying lend - lease supplies to the Chinese Army . One woman died in the crash of an aerial broadcasting plane .
Fictional world of The Hunger Games
To counter the aircraft , both the Capitol and District 13 operate air defense networks to intercept and shoot them down . Holo
Boeing B-29 Superfortress
Because of the B - 29 's advanced design , unlike many other World War II - era bombers , the Superfortress remained in service long after the war ended , with a few even being employed as flying television transmitters for the Stratovision company . The B - 29 served in various roles throughout the 1950s . The Royal Air Force flew the B - 29 as the Washington until phasing out the type in 1954 . The Soviet Union produced an unlicensed reverse - engineered copy as the Tupolev Tu - 4 . The B - 29 was the progenitor of a series of Boeing - built bombers , transports , tankers , reconnaissance aircraft and trainers including the B - 50 Superfortress ( the first aircraft to fly around the world non-stop ) which was essentially a re-engined B - 29 . The type was retired in the early 1960s . The B - 29 production total was 3,970 aircraft . Dozens of B - 29s remain as static displays , but only two examples , Fifi and Doc , have been restored to flying status , with Doc flying again for the first time from McConnell AFB on July 17 , 2016 .
Wonder Woman
The Invisible Plane appeared in the very first comic stories , including All - Star Comics # 8 , where it is shown as being able to fly at over 2,000 mph ( 3,200 km / h ) and to send out rainbow rays that penetrate the mist around Paradise Island , as well as landing stealthily and having a built - in radio . Wonder Woman is seen storing the plane at an abandoned farm near Washington , D.C. , in the barn ; she goes there as Lt. Prince and changes clothes in some of the earliest tales . Though never explicitly stated , the Plane is presumably stored there when not in use for the rest of the Pre-Crisis era . In a story published shortly after , it flies at 40 miles ( 64 km ) a second .
British Army during World War I
At the start of the war , the Royal Flying Corps ( RFC ) in the Field , commanded by Sir David Henderson consisted of five squadrons -- one observation balloon squadron ( RFC No 1 Squadron ) and four aeroplane squadrons ( Nos 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 ) . These units were first used for aerial spotting on 13 September 1914 , but only became efficient when they perfected the use of wireless communication at Aubers Ridge on 9 May 1915 . Aerial photography was attempted during 1914 , but again , it only became effective the following year . In August 1915 , General Hugh Trenchard replaced Henderson . The British use of air power evolved during the war , from a reconnaissance force to a fighting force that attempted to gain command of the air above the trenches and carry out bombing raids on targets behind the line . The early aircraft of the RFC were inferior to their German rivals ; in April 1917 , ( known as Bloody April ) , the RFC lost over 300 aircrew and 245 aircraft . Not until late 1917 , with the introduction of the Sopwith Camel and the S.E. 5 , were they able to compete successfully for control of the air .
Operation Safed Sagar
The Indian Air Force ( IAF ) first tried to provide air support on 26 May , with the use of helicopters and MIGs flown by Squadron Leader Ajay Ahuja and his second in command Flt It Nachiketa . Ahuja was killed during the mission , and Nachiketa captured . On 29 May the IAF launched Canberra on a reconnaissance mission , flown by Wg Cdr CH Kulkarni , Sqn Ldr A Perumal and Sqn Ldr UK Jha , which was hit by ground fire . The plane returned to base on one engine , and the crew safely landed . On 30 May , the Cabinet Committee on Security authorized the IAF to mount attacks on the infiltrators without crossing the LoC . Initial indications from the government to the IAF was to operate only Attack helicopters . However , the Chief of Air Staff put forth the argument that in order to create a suitable environment for the helicopters , fighter action was required . On 30 May , the go - ahead was given and the IAF started its strike role . Flying from the Indian airfields of Srinagar , Avantipur and Adampur , ground attack aircraft MiG - 21s , MiG - 23s , MiG - 27s , Jaguars and the Mirage 2000 struck insurgent positions . Of note , although the MiG - 21 is built mainly for air interception with a secondary role of ground attack , it is capable of operating in restricted spaces which was of importance in the Kargil terrain .
Sound barrier
On August 21 , 1961 , a Douglas DC - 8 - 43 ( registration N9604Z ) exceeded Mach one in a controlled dive during a test flight at Edwards Air Force Base . The crew were William Magruder ( pilot ) , Paul Patten ( copilot ) , Joseph Tomich ( flight engineer ) , and Richard H. Edwards ( flight test engineer ) . This is the first and only supersonic flight by a civilian airliner , other than Concorde or the Tu - 144 .
Dubuque, Iowa
Dubuque and its region are served by the general - aviation Dubuque Regional Airport ( IATA : DBQ , ICAO : KDBQ ) . The airport currently has one carrier , Envoy Air , ( a division of American Airlines ) which operates 3 non-stop jet flights daily to Chicago O'Hare International Airport . Northwest Airlines regional partner Mesaba operating under Northwest Airlink used to have daily service to Dubuque . Northwest operated twice daily flights to and from Minneapolis - Saint Paul International Airport ( IATA : MSP , ICAO : KMSP ) using Saab 340 aircraft . These flights began June 2008 and ended on August 31 , 2009 . Northwest Airlines once offered service to Dubuque prior to 9 / 11 .
Construction of the World Trade Center
The structural engineers on the project also considered the possibility that an aircraft could crash into the building . In July 1945 , a B - 25 bomber that was lost in the fog had crashed into the 78th and 79th floors of the Empire State Building . A year later , another airplane crashed into the 40 Wall Street building , and there was another close call at the Empire State Building . In designing the World Trade Center , Leslie Robertson considered the scenario of the impact of a jet airliner , the Boeing 707 , which might be lost in the fog , seeking to land at JFK or at Newark airports . The National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) found a three - page white paper that mentioned another aircraft impact analysis , involving impact of a jet at 600 mph ( 970 km / h ) , was indeed considered , but NIST could not locate the documentary evidence of the aircraft impact analysis . Fire
Home Alone 2: Lost in New York
American Airlines again had product placement in the film with the McCallisters making their trip on the airline 's two Boeing 767 - 200s . In the first film , a McDonnell Douglas DC - 10 was used . For the release of the first two films on home video , the airline became a sponsor. .
Circumnavigation
Aviation records take account of the wind circulation patterns of the world ; in particular the jet streams , which circulate in the northern and southern hemispheres without crossing the equator . There is therefore no requirement to cross the equator , or to pass through two antipodal points , in the course of setting a round - the - world aviation record . Thus , for example , Steve Fossett 's global circumnavigation by balloon was entirely contained within the southern hemisphere .
Norwich Airport
In 2009 , during filming of the BBC show Top Gear , operations from the airport appeared to be disrupted when a caravan , adapted into an airship and flown by James May , drifted overhead the airport , infringing its controlled airspace . In reality , the event occurred after much pre-planning between the airport authorities and the BBC ; and scenes showing the airship in the airfield boundary were actually filmed after it had lifted off from the airfield to satisfy the requirements of the film crew .
Sound barrier
As a result of the X-1's initial supersonic flight , the National Aeronautics Association voted its 1948 Collier Trophy to be shared by the three main participants in the program . Honored at the White House by President Harry S. Truman were Larry Bell for Bell Aircraft , Captain Yeager for piloting the flights , and John Stack for the NACA contributions .
Jefferson Airplane
Jefferson Airplane Jefferson Airplane photographed by Herb Greene at The Matrix club , San Francisco , in 1966 . Top row from left : Jack Casady , Grace Slick , Marty Balin ; bottom row from left : Jorma Kaukonen , Paul Kantner , Spencer Dryden . A cropped version was used for the front cover of Surrealistic Pillow . Background information Origin San Francisco , California , U.S. Genres Psychedelic rock , Folk rock , Garage rock , Acid rock Years active 1965 -- 1972 ; 1989 ; 1996 Labels RCA Victor , Grunt , Epic Associated acts The Great Society , Hot Tuna , Jefferson Starship , Starship , KBC Band Website www.jeffersonairplane.com Past members Signe Toly Anderson Marty Balin Bob Harvey Paul Kantner Jorma Kaukonen Jerry Peloquin Skip Spence Jack Casady Spencer Dryden Grace Slick Joey Covington Papa John Creach John Barbata David Freiberg
Air New Zealand
American TV veterans Betty White and Gavin MacLeod , co-stars on The Mary Tyler Moore Show in the 1970s , reunited in the airline 's in - flight safety video . Released in October 2013 , it was set in a retirement resort .
Hot air balloon
A hot air balloon for manned flight uses a single - layered , fabric gas bag ( lifting `` envelope '' ) , with an opening at the bottom called the mouth or throat . Attached to the envelope is a basket , or gondola , for carrying the passengers . Mounted above the basket and centered in the mouth is the `` burner '' , which injects a flame into the envelope , heating the air within . The heater or burner is fueled by propane , a liquefied gas stored in pressure vessels , similar to high pressure forklift cylinders .
Hot air balloon
In the United States , a pilot of a hot air balloon must have a pilot certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) and it must carry the rating of `` Lighter - than - air free balloon '' , and unless the pilot is also qualified to fly gas balloons , will also carry this limitation : `` Limited to hot air balloons with airborne heater '' . A pilot does not need a license to fly an ultralight aircraft , but training is highly advised , and some hot air balloons meet the criteria .
Metrication in the United States
Aircraft altitudes for air traffic control and related purposes are measured in feet in the U.S. In fact , most of the world has used feet for aviation altitudes since the end of World War II ( meters before 1945 in all European countries except the UK ) , with the notable exceptions of China , North Korea , and many CIS ( former Soviet ) countries . For instance , an airliner on a long flight , even if neither its starting point nor destination are in the United States , might use a nominal cruising altitude of 36,000 feet , using an internationally standardized system of flight levels ( Flight Level 360 in this case ) . In 2011 , Russia switched from metric to foot - denominated flight levels at high altitude to eliminate the need for adjustments when crossing in to or out of its airspace .
Manhattan Project
Starting in November 1943 , the Army Air Forces Materiel Command at Wright Field , Ohio , began Silverplate , the codename modification of B - 29s to carry the bombs . Test drops were carried out at Muroc Army Air Field , California , and the Naval Ordnance Test Station at Inyokern , California . Groves met with the Chief of United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) , General Henry H. Arnold , in March 1944 to discuss the delivery of the finished bombs to their targets . The only Allied aircraft capable of carrying the 17 - foot ( 5.2 m ) long Thin Man or the 59 - inch ( 150 cm ) wide Fat Man was the British Avro Lancaster , but using a British aircraft would have caused difficulties with maintenance . Groves hoped that the American Boeing B - 29 Superfortress could be modified to carry Thin Man by joining its two bomb bays together . Arnold promised that no effort would be spared to modify B - 29s to do the job , and designated Major General Oliver P. Echols as the USAAF liaison to the Manhattan Project . In turn , Echols named Colonel Roscoe C. Wilson as his alternate , and Wilson became Manhattan Project 's main USAAF contact . President Roosevelt instructed Groves that if the atomic bombs were ready before the war with Germany ended , he should be ready to drop them on Germany . Silverplate
Air New Zealand
The TV commercial was accompanied by a new in - flight safety video using the same theme . The safety video , titled Bare Essentials , was shown on all Boeing 737 - 300 - operated flights . It featured a pilot and four cabin staff , including William Coxhead , a regular in Air New Zealand safety videos . Another version was released later , this time for the Airbus A320 .
Air New Zealand
In November 2012 , Air New Zealand released a mock in - flight safety video featuring hobbits , dwarves and orcs , as part of a cross-promotion with the first part of director Sir Peter Jackson 's upcoming film adaptation of The Hobbit . Sir Peter himself makes a cameo in the clip . The video featured William Coxhead , a regular in Air New Zealand safety videos .
Berlin Wall
An airborne escape was made by Thomas Krüger , who landed a Zlin Z 42 M light aircraft of the Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik , an East German youth military training organization , at RAF Gatow . His aircraft , registration DDR - WOH , was dismantled and returned to the East Germans by road , complete with humorous slogans painted on it by RAF airmen , such as `` Wish you were here '' and `` Come back soon '' . DDR - WOH is still flying today , but under the registration D - EWOH .
Jefferson Airplane
After Surrealistic Pillow , the group 's music underwent a significant transformation . Key influences on the group 's new direction were the popularity and success of Jimi Hendrix and the British supergroup Cream , which prompted the Airplane ( like many other groups ) to adopt a `` heavier '' sound and to place a greater emphasis on improvisation . The band 's third LP , After Bathing at Baxter 's , was released on November 27 , 1967 , and eventually peaked in the charts at No. 17 . Its famous cover , drawn by renowned artist and cartoonist Ron Cobb , depicts a Heath Robinson - inspired flying machine ( constructed around an idealised version of a typical Haight - Ashbury district house ) soaring above the chaos of American commercial culture .
Jefferson Airplane
1998 saw the production and broadcast of a very popular episode of the hit VH1 documentary television series Behind The Music about Jefferson Airplane , directed by Bob Sarles . Band members Grace Slick , Marty Balin , Paul Kantner , Jorma Kaukonen , Jack Casady and Spencer Dryden were all interviewed for the episode , along with David Crosby , longtime Airplane manager Bill Thompson and China Kantner , daughter of Paul Kantner and Grace Slick .
Boise, Idaho
Commercial air service is provided at the Boise Airport . The terminal was recently renovated to accommodate the growing number of passengers flying in and out of Boise . It is served by Allegiant Air , Alaska Airlines , American Airlines , Delta Air Lines , Southwest Airlines , and United Airlines . The east end of the airport is home to the National Interagency Fire Center . The Gowen Field Air National Guard Base occupies the south side of the field .