vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Winter Olympic Games
The Cold War created tensions amongst countries allied to the two superpowers . The strained relationship between East and West Germany created a difficult political situation for the IOC . Because of its role in World War II , Germany was not allowed to compete at the 1948 Winter Olympics . In 1950 the IOC recognised the West German Olympic Committee , and invited East and West Germany to compete as a unified team at the 1952 Winter Games . East Germany declined the invitation and instead sought international legitimacy separate from West Germany . In 1955 the Soviet Union recognised East Germany as a sovereign state , thereby giving more credibility to East Germany 's campaign to become an independent participant at the Olympics . The IOC agreed to provisionally accept the East German National Olympic Committee with the condition that East and West Germans compete on one team . The situation became tenuous when the Berlin Wall was constructed in 1962 and western nations began refusing visas to East German athletes . The uneasy compromise of a unified team held until the 1968 Grenoble Games when the IOC officially split the teams and threatened to reject the host - city bids of any country that refused entry visas to East German athletes .
Elsa (Frozen)
Matt DeTruck of The Rochester City Newspaper wrote , `` Menzel should be credited for providing as much power and passion to this performance as she did in her most famous role . '' Donald Clark of Irish Times added , `` Elsa 's flight to the glaciers triggers a song that , in its defiant paean to self - reliance , could play comfortably beside camp showtune anthems such as I Am What I Am and Do n't Rain on My Parade . The opening and closing choruses of Let It Go end with a sly , spat - out refrain : ' The cold never bothered me anyway ! ' You go , girl . '' Nasim Asl of The Oxford Student continued , `` Menzel , especially , steals the show with her performance of ' Let It Go ' . Her Wicked-esque belting out works perfectly with such an incredible animated sequence -- the building of the ice castle really demonstrates the prowess of Disney animation , and results in , arguably , one of the most spectacular power ballads seen by any animated character , ever . ''
Free agent
In addition , any player at least 22 years of age who has not been selected in the NHL Draft can sign with any team as a free agent .
Curling
Eight points -- all the rocks thrown by one team counting -- is the highest score possible in an end , and is known as an `` eight - ender '' or `` snowman '' . Scoring an eight - ender against a relatively competent team is very difficult ; in curling , it is considered the equivalent of pitching a perfect game in baseball . Probably the best - known snowman came at the 2006 Players ' Championships . Future ( 2007 ) World Champion Kelly Scott scored eight points in one of her games against 1998 World bronze medalist Cathy King .
Arctic Ocean
Under the influence of the Quaternary glaciation , the Arctic Ocean is contained in a polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges . Winters are characterized by the polar night , extreme cold , frequent low - level temperature inversions , and stable weather conditions . Cyclones are only common on the Atlantic side . Summers are characterized by continuous daylight ( midnight sun ) , and temperatures can rise above the melting point ( 0 ° C ( 32 ° F ) . Cyclones are more frequent in summer and may bring rain or snow . It is cloudy year - round , with mean cloud cover ranging from 60 % in winter to over 80 % in summer .
Polar bear
The polar bear is the most carnivorous member of the bear family , and throughout most of its range , its diet primarily consists of ringed ( Pusa hispida ) and bearded seals ( Erignathus barbatus ) . The Arctic is home to millions of seals , which become prey when they surface in holes in the ice in order to breathe , or when they haul out on the ice to rest . Polar bears hunt primarily at the interface between ice , water , and air ; they only rarely catch seals on land or in open water .
Stanley Cup
Nevertheless , the NHL came under pressure to allow its champion to play the WHA champion . Eventually , following the establishment of the Canada Cup as the first best - on - best international hockey tournament , NHL President Clarence Campbell ( who was a vocal opponent of the tournament ) made public overtures to establish a true world professional championship in ice hockey , `` just like the World Series . '' Under Campbell 's proposal , the NHL champion would have played the WHA champion for the right to face the European champion . Campbell 's two main conditions were that Stanley Cup was to remain the NHL 's championship trophy and that the world championship would be strictly limited to professional teams . The latter condition was the more contentious one , as it would have caused problems especially for Eastern Bloc teams wanting to challenge for such a championship -- these teams employed various legal fictions to maintain the nominal amateur status of their top players . The NHL 's critics questioned the seriousness of Campbell 's idea and argued that NHL owners had no intention of ever playing for a world championship . The International Ice Hockey Federation soon made clear that it would never sanction any sort of `` world championship '' in which teams from the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia were barred from participating , and the top openly professional European leagues were unwilling to consider taking part in any tournament not sanctioned by the IIHF . In the end , Campbell 's proposal went nowhere -- eventually , the NHL resolved the WHA challenge by agreeing to merge with its rival , by which time the older league had quietly withdrawn its support for the idea . Neither the NHL nor any other professional hockey league makes a claim to its champions being the world champions .
Stanley Cup
I am not quite certain that the present regulations governing the arrangement of matches give entire satisfaction , and it would be worth considering whether they could not be arranged so that each team would play once at home and once at the place where their opponents hail from .
Carrier Dome
On November 22 , 2014 , the Syracuse Crunch and Utica Comets hosted an American Hockey League game inside the Carrier Dome as part of the Toyota Frozen Dome Classic , which served as the 2014 -- 15 edition of the AHL Outdoor Classic . This event was part of a day - long hockey event that also included the Utica College Pioneers and Oswego State Lakers , both based in NCAA Division III . Also , the cities of Syracuse and Utica participated in a law enforcement charity game . The Crunch - Comets game had an attendance of 30,715 , a US indoor professional record , the UC - Oswego game drew 7,074 fans , a new NCAA Division III record .
Stanley Cup
There are actually three Stanley Cups : the original bowl of the `` Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup '' , the authenticated `` Presentation Cup '' , and the `` Replica Cup '' on display at the Hockey Hall of Fame . The NHL has maintained effective control over both the trophy itself and its associated trademarks . Nevertheless , the NHL does not actually own the trophy , but instead uses it by agreement with the two Canadian Trustees of the Cup . The NHL has registered trademarks associated with the name and likeness of the Stanley Cup , although the league 's right to outright own trademarks associated with a trophy it does not own has been disputed by some legal experts . The original bowl was made of silver and is 18.5 centimetres ( 7.28 inches ) in height and 29 centimetres ( 11.42 inches ) in diameter . The current Stanley Cup , topped with a copy of the original bowl , is made of a silver and nickel alloy ; it has a height of 89.54 centimetres ( 35.25 inches ) and weighs 15.5 kilograms ( 34.5 lb / 2 st 61⁄2 lb ) .
Dubuque, Iowa
The city is home of the Dubuque Fighting Saints . They began playing in the Tier I Junior A United States Hockey League in the Fall of 2010 at the new Mystique Ice Center . Dubuque was home to the original Fighting Saints team from 1980 - 2001 when the team relocated to Tulsa , Oklahoma . From 2001 - 2010 The Dubuque Thunderbirds replaced the Fighting Saints playing in the Tier III Junior A Central States Hockey League at the Five Flags Center . The 2010 - 2011 Fighting Saints were USHL Clark Cup Champions after defeating the Green Bay Gamblers three games to one in the best - of - five Clark Cup Final . In 2013 the Fighting Saints again won the Clark Cup , defeating the Fargo Force three games to none in the best - of - five Final . The team averaged over 2,600 fans per game in the 2013 - 2014 regular season , the highest average in team history .
Bemidji, Minnesota
A city referendum for a Bemidji Regional Events Center passed by a slim majority of 43 votes out of 4,583 votes cast in November 2006 . Opening in 2010 , the center was renamed the Sanford Center and serves as home to the Bemidji State University hockey team . The men 's and women 's hockey teams are both members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association . Beginning in the spring of 2014 , the Sanford Center is the home of the city 's first - ever professional sports team , the Minnesota Axemen of the Indoor Football League .
First indoor ice hockey game
Not reported in the Gazette , but reported elsewhere was that there was fighting after the game . This fighting was not between the on - ice combatants , rather , it was between the hockey players and spectators and members of the Skating Club . Members of the Skating Club were opposed to the use of the skating rink for hockey as it took away hours from other skating activities and it damaged the ice quality . According to the Kingston , Ontario , Daily British Whig `` Shins and heads were battered , benches smashed and the lady spectators fled in confusion . ''
Bemidji, Minnesota
Roy C. Booth , speculative fiction , fantasy and horror author . Gary Burger , guitarist and lead vocalist for the band The Monks Dave Casper , Hall of Fame football player Pete Fenson , American curling skip Bob A. Johnson , Minnesota state representative and school social worker Joe Motzko , hockey player , member of 2007 Stanley Cup champion Anaheim Ducks Kent Nerburn , author Jane Russell , actress Gary Sargent , Pro Ice Hockey defensemen , played in National Hockey League 1975 - 1983
Flag of Canada
The flag of Canada , often referred to as the Canadian flag , or unofficially as the Maple Leaf and l'Unifolié ( French for `` the one - leafed '' ) , is a national flag consisting of a red field with a white square at its centre in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 1 , in the middle of which is featured a stylized , red , 11 - pointed maple leaf charged in the centre . It is the first specified by law for use as the country 's national flag .
Stanley Cup
The WHL folded in 1926 and was quickly replaced by the Prairie Hockey League . However , in the meantime , the NHL ( which had only entered the U.S. two years before ) bought up the contracts of most of the WHL 's players and largely used them to stock the rosters of three new U.S. teams . In what would turn out to be its most significant expansion of its pre-Original Six era , the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings and New York Rangers joined the NHL . With the NHL now firmly established in the largest markets of the Northeastern United States , and with the Western teams having been stripped of their best players , the PHL was deemed to be a `` minor league '' unworthy of challenging the NHL for hockey supremacy .
Curling
The word curling first appears in print in 1620 in Perth , Scotland , in the preface and the verses of a poem by Henry Adamson . The sport was ( and still is , in Scotland and Scottish - settled regions like southern New Zealand ) also known as `` the roaring game '' because of the sound the stones make while traveling over the pebble ( droplets of water applied to the playing surface ) . The verbal noun curling is formed from the Scots ( and English ) verb curl , which describes the motion of the stone . Group
Arctic fox
The Arctic fox ( Vulpes lagopus ) , also known as the white fox , polar fox , or snow fox , is a small fox native to the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and common throughout the Arctic tundra biome . It is well adapted to living in cold environments , and is best known for its thick , warm fur that is also used as camouflage . On average , Arctic foxes only live 3 -- 4 years in the wild . Its body length ranges from 46 to 68 cm ( 18 to 27 in ) , with a generally rounded body shape to minimize the escape of body heat .
Winter Olympic Games
In 2003 the IOC awarded the 2010 Winter Olympics to Vancouver , thus allowing Canada to host its second Winter Olympics . With a population of more than 2.5 million people Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to ever host a Winter Olympic Games . Over 2,500 athletes from 82 countries participated in 86 events . The death of Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili in a training run on the day of the opening ceremonies resulted in the Whistler Sliding Centre changing the track layout on safety grounds . Norwegian cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen won five medals in the six cross-country events on the women 's programme . She finished the Olympics with three golds , a silver and a bronze . The Vancouver Games were notable for the poor performance of the Russian athletes . From their first Winter Olympics in 1956 to the 2006 Games , a Soviet or Russian delegation had never been outside the top five medal - winning nations , but in 2010 they finished sixth in total medals and eleventh in gold medals . President Dmitry Medvedev called for the resignation of top sports officials immediately after the Games . Russia 's disappointing performance at Vancouver is cited as the reason behind the implementation of a doping scheme alleged to have been in operation at major events such as the 2014 Games at Sochi . The success of Asian countries stood in stark contrast to the under - performing Russian team , with Vancouver marking a high point for medals won by Asian countries . In 1992 the Asian countries had won fifteen medals , three of which were gold . In Vancouver the total number of medals won by athletes from Asia had increased to thirty - one , with eleven of them being gold . The rise of Asian nations in Winter Olympics sports is due in part to the growth of winter sports programmes and the interest in winter sports in nations such as South Korea , Japan and China . 2014
Galactik Football
The story begins during a football match between the home team of planet Akillian and the Shadows . As Aarch , captain of the Akillians , takes a direct free kick , an explosion is heard and an avalanche sweeps over the stadium , marking the beginning of the Akillian Ice Age and the loss of The Breath , Akillian 's Flux .
Friction
According to the law of conservation of energy , no energy is destroyed due to friction , though it may be lost to the system of concern . Energy is transformed from other forms into thermal energy . A sliding hockey puck comes to rest because friction converts its kinetic energy into heat which raises the thermal energy of the puck and the ice surface . Since heat quickly dissipates , many early philosophers , including Aristotle , wrongly concluded that moving objects lose energy without a driving force .
Stanley Cup
The authenticated version or `` Presentation Cup '' was created in 1963 by Montreal silversmith Carl Petersen . NHL president Clarence Campbell felt that the original bowl was becoming too thin and fragile , and thus requested a duplicate trophy as a replacement . The Presentation Cup is authenticated by the seal of the Hockey Hall of Fame on the bottom , which can be seen when winning players lift the Cup over their heads , and it is the one currently awarded to the champions of the playoffs and used for promotions . This version was made in secret , and its production was only revealed three years later .
Chennai
Chennai was the venue of the 1995 South Asian Games . Chennai is home to a World Series Hockey ( WSH ) team , the Chennai Cheetahs . The Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium is associated with hockey and was venue for the international hockey tournament the 2005 Men 's Champions Trophy and the 2007 Men 's Asia Cup . The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is associated for hosting Football and athletic competitions , it also houses a multi -- purpose indoor complex for competition in volleyball , basketball and table tennis . Water sports are played in the Velachery Aquatic Complex . Tennis sport is popularising among the city youths , Since 1997 Chennai has been host to the only ATP World Tour event held in India , the Chennai Open . Vijay Amritraj , Mahesh Bhupathi Ramesh Krishnan and Somdev Devvarman are tennis players from Chennai . Chennai is home to Chennai Slam , two - time national champion of India 's top professional basketball division , the UBA Pro Basketball League . Chennai
Stanley Cup
Another new band was scheduled to be added to the bottom of the cup following the 2004 -- 05 season , but was not added because of the 2004 -- 05 NHL lockout . After the 2005 -- 06 champion Carolina Hurricanes were crowned , and the new bottom ring was finally added , the cancelled season was acknowledged with the words `` 2004 -- 05 Season Not Played '' . Currently , the Cup stands at 89.5 centimetres ( 351⁄4 inches ) tall and weighs 151⁄2 kilograms ( 341⁄2 lb ) .
Curling
A key part of the preparation of the playing surface is the spraying of water droplets onto the ice , which form pebble on freezing . The pebbled ice surface resembles an orange peel , and the stone moves on top of the pebbled ice . As the stone moves over the pebble , any rotation of the stone causes it to curl to the inside or outside . The amount of curl ( commonly referred to as the feet of curl ) can change during a game as the pebble wears ; the ice maker must monitor this and be prepared to scrape and re-pebble the surface prior to each game . A
Height in sports
While the history of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) is filled with shorter players who achieved greatness ( Theo Fleury , Martin St. Louis ) , and the highest scorer in NHL history , Wayne Gretzky , is 1.83 m ( 6 ft 0 in ) tall and played at 185 lb ( 84 kg ) , the game 's increasingly physical style has put a premium on imposing players , particularly over 1.80 m ( 5 ft 11 in ) tall and over 100 kg ( 220 lb ) ( Mario Lemieux , Eric Lindros , Chris Pronger ) . Taller , bigger players have a longer reach , are more able to give out and sustain body checks , and have greater leverage on their shooting such as a slap shot ( examples include Tyler Myers at 6 ft 8 in ( 2.03 m ) , and Eric Staal , Rick Nash , Ryan Getzlaf , and Joe Thornton , all at 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) . The average height of an NHLer is just over 6 ft 1 in ( 1.85 m ) tall . Zdeno Chára , at 6 ft 9 in ( 2.06 m ) , is the tallest player ever to play in the NHL . In recent years , the height of goaltenders has increased as taller goaltenders can cover a larger portion of the goal when on their knees in the butterfly goaltending style . Ben Bishop at 2.01 m ( 6 ft 7 in ) is the tallest goaltender currently in the NHL .
Free agent
In the NHL , between 2005 and 2008 , the age of unrestricted free agency declined from 31 to 27 . As of 2008 , any player who is at least 27 years old or has at least seven years of service as an NHL player , and whose contract has expired , will become an unrestricted free agent . On July 1 of each year the free agency period begins , and unrestricted free agents are free to negotiate and sign contracts with any team . Under the old collective agreement , which expired in 2004 , draft picks were awarded as compensation when a team lost an unrestricted free agent ; however , under the current CBA teams losing unrestricted free agents do not receive any compensation .
Ice Cold in Alex
Sylvia Syms has said that the Danish beer Carlsberg was chosen because they could never have been seen to be drinking a German lager , since the United Kingdom and Germany are at war during the film . The beer referred to in the original novel is Rheingold , which , despite its German name , is American .
Climate of the Arctic
In summer , the sea ice keeps the surface from warming above freezing . Sea ice is mostly fresh water since the salt is rejected by the ice as it forms , so the melting ice has a temperature of 0 ° C ( 32 ° F ) , and any extra energy from the sun goes to melting more ice , not to warming the surface . Air temperatures , at the standard measuring height of about 2 meters above the surface , can rise a few degrees above freezing between late May and September , though they tend to be within a degree of freezing , with very little variability during the height of the melt season .
Ice Cold in Alex
Anson motivates himself by thinking of the ice cold lager he will order when they finally reach the safety of Alexandria -- the ' Alex ' of the title . En route , the group meets with various obstacles , including a minefield , a broken suspension spring ( during its replacement , van der Poel 's great strength saves the group when he supports `` Katy '' on his back when the jack collapses ) , and the dangerous terrain of the Qattara Depression .
Curling
Bemidji Curling Club -- Bemidji , Minnesota , Home of the 2006 United States Men 's & Women 's Olympic Curling Teams Broomstones Curling Club -- Wayland , Massachusetts Chicago Curling Club -- Chicago , Illinois Dakota Curling Club -- Burnsville , Minnesota -- a leading example of the development of new curling clubs on arena ice in the USA Detroit Curling Club -- Ferndale , Michigan Garrison Golf and Curling Club , Kingston , Ontario Grand National Curling Club -- Organization in the United States covering clubs on the east coast Granite Curling Club -- Winnipeg , Manitoba Granite Curling Club -- Seattle , Washington , the only dedicated curling facility on the west coast of the United States Ice Melters Curling Club -- England Markinch Curling Club -- Fife , Scotland Mayflower Curling Club -- Halifax , Nova Scotia Milwaukee Curling Club -- Mequon , Wisconsin -- The oldest curling club in the U.S. -- Since 1845 Ottawa Curling Club -- Ottawa , Ontario Potomac Curling Club -- Laurel , Maryland -- Near Washington , D.C Pittsburgh Curling Club -- Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania -- Established in 2002 Plainfield Curling Club -- South Plainfield , New Jersey Rideau Curling Club -- Ottawa , Ontario Royal Caledonian Curling Club -- Scotland , the official Mother Club of curling Royal Montreal Curling Club -- Montreal , Quebec , the oldest active athletic club in North America Royal City Curling Club -- New Westminster , British Columbia Saint Paul Curling Club -- St. Paul , Minnesota -- Founded in 1885 . Club with largest active membership in the United States ( over 1000 members ) . Utica Curling Club -- Utica , New York Kilsyth Curling Club -- the first constituted curling club in the world Wausau Curling Club -- Wausau , Wisconsin -- Home of the Tietge Bonspiel , the oldest and largest high school curling bonspiel in the U.S.