vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Charles Dickens
Another important impact of Dickens 's episodic writing style resulted from his exposure to the opinions of his readers and friends . His friend Forster had a significant hand in reviewing his drafts , an influence that went beyond matters of punctuation . He toned down melodramatic and sensationalist exaggerations , cut long passages ( such as the episode of Quilp 's drowning in The Old Curiosity Shop ) , and made suggestions about plot and character . It was he who suggested that Charley Bates should be redeemed in Oliver Twist . Dickens had not thought of killing Little Nell , and it was Forster who advised him to entertain this possibility as necessary to his conception of the heroine .
Dorothy Gale
An influence on the creation of Dorothy appears to be the Alice books of Lewis Carroll . Although Baum reportedly found these plots incoherent , he identified their source of popularity as Alice herself , a character with whom child readers could identify ; this influenced his choice of a protagonist for his own books .
James Russell Lowell
Lowell graduated from Harvard College in 1838 , despite his reputation as a troublemaker , and went on to earn a law degree from Harvard Law School . He published his first collection of poetry in 1841 and married Maria White in 1844 . The couple had several children , though only one survived past childhood . They soon became involved in the movement to abolish slavery , with Lowell using poetry to express his anti-slavery views and taking a job in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , as the editor of an abolitionist newspaper . After moving back to Cambridge , Lowell was one of the founders of a journal called The Pioneer , which lasted only three issues . He gained notoriety in 1848 with the publication of A Fable for Critics , a book - length poem satirizing contemporary critics and poets . The same year , he published The Biglow Papers , which increased his fame . He went on to publish several other poetry collections and essay collections throughout his literary career .
Battles of Lexington and Concord
After 1860 , several generations of schoolchildren memorized Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 's poem `` Paul Revere 's Ride '' . Historically it is inaccurate ( for example , Paul Revere never made it to Concord ) , but it captures the idea that an individual can change the course of history . By
James Russell Lowell
Lowell 's poem `` The Present Crisis '' , an early work that addressed the national crisis over slavery leading up to the Civil War , has had an impact in the modern civil rights movement . The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People named its newsletter The Crisis after the poem , and Martin Luther King Jr. frequently quoted the poem in his speeches and sermons . The poem was also the source of the hymn Once to Every Man and Nation .
The impact of geography on colonial America
When English people made the Northern colonies they named their region `` New England '' for their homeland . Famous people from the region included John Winthrop from Massachusetts , Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson from Rhode Island , Thomas Hooker from Connecticut , and John Mason from New Hampshire . Residents in the northern region were mostly Puritans . That was the only religion throughout the New England Colonies , because the Puritans wanted it that way . There was no religious freedom in the region .
Age of Enlightenment
These views on religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience , along with the social contract , became particularly influential in the American colonies and the drafting of the United States Constitution . Thomas Jefferson called for a `` wall of separation between church and state '' at the federal level . He previously had supported successful efforts to disestablish the Church of England in Virginia and authored the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom . Jefferson 's political ideals were greatly influenced by the writings of John Locke , Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton whom he considered the three greatest men that ever lived .
Shakespeare's influence
The sonnet form was limited structurally , in theme and in expressions . Liveliness of Shakespeare 's language and strict discipline of the sonnets imparted economy and intensity to his writing style . `` It encouraged the association of compression with depth of content and variety of emotional response to a degree unparalleled in English '' . Complex human emotions found simple expressions in Shakespeare 's language .
The Raven
Poe capitalized on the success of `` The Raven '' by following it up with his essay `` The Philosophy of Composition '' ( 1846 ) , in which he detailed the poem 's creation . His description of its writing is probably exaggerated , though the essay serves as an important overview of Poe 's literary theory . He explains that every component of the poem is based on logic : the raven enters the chamber to avoid a storm ( the `` midnight dreary '' in the `` bleak December '' ) , and its perch on a pallid white bust was to create visual contrast against the dark black bird . No aspect of the poem was an accident , he claims , but is based on total control by the author . Even the term `` Nevermore '' , he says , is used because of the effect created by the long vowel sounds ( though Poe may have been inspired to use the word by the works of Lord Byron or Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ) . Poe had experimented with the long o sound throughout many other poems : `` no more '' in `` Silence '' , `` evermore '' in `` The Conqueror Worm '' . The topic itself , Poe says , was chosen because `` the death ... of a beautiful woman is unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world . '' Told from `` the lips ... of a bereaved lover '' is best suited to achieve the desired effect . Beyond the poetics of it , the lost Lenore may have been inspired by events in Poe 's own life as well , either to the early loss of his mother , Eliza Poe , or the long illness endured by his wife , Virginia . Ultimately , Poe considered `` The Raven '' an experiment to `` suit at once the popular and critical taste '' , accessible to both the mainstream and high literary worlds . It is unknown how long Poe worked on `` The Raven '' ; speculation ranges from a single day to ten years . Poe recited a poem believed to be an early version with an alternate ending of `` The Raven '' in 1843 in Saratoga , New York . An early draft may have featured an owl .
Elf (Middle-earth)
Traditional Victorian dancing fairies and elves appear in much of Tolkien 's early poetry , and have influence upon his later works in part due to the influence of a production of J.M. Barrie 's Peter Pan in Birmingham in 1910 and his familiarity with the work of Catholic mystic poet , Francis Thompson which Tolkien had acquired in 1914 .
Shakespeare's reputation
In the Romantic age , Shakespeare became extremely popular in Russia . Vissarion Belinsky wrote he had been `` enslaved by the drama of Shakespeare '' . Russia 's national poet , Alexander Pushkin , was heavily influenced by Hamlet and the history plays , and his novel Boris Godunov showed strong Shakespearean influences . Later on , in the 19th century , the novelist Ivan Turgenev often wrote essays on Shakespeare with the best known being `` Hamlet and Don Quixote '' . Fyodor Dostoevsky was greatly influenced by Macbeth with the his novel Crime and Punishment showing Shakespearean influence in his treatment of the theme of guilt . From the 1840s onward , Shakespeare was regularly staged in Russia , and the black American actor Ira Aldridge who had been barred from the stage in the United States on the account of his skin color became the leading Shakespearean actor in Russia in the 1850s , being decorated by the Emperor Alexander II for his work in portraying Shakespearean characters .
The Catcher in the Rye
The Catcher in the Rye has had significant cultural influence , and works inspired by the novel have been said to form their own genre . Sarah Graham assessed works influenced by The Catcher in the Rye to include the novels Less Than Zero by Bret Easton Ellis , The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky , A Complicated Kindness by Miriam Toews , The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath , Ordinary People by Judith Guest , and the film Igby Goes Down by Burr Steers .
I Have a Dream
King 's speech used words and ideas from his own speeches and other texts . For years , he had spoken about dreams , quoted from Samuel Francis Smith 's popular patriotic hymn `` America '' ( `` My Country , ' Tis of Thee '' ) , and of course referred extensively to the Bible . The idea of constitutional rights as an `` unfulfilled promise '' was suggested by Clarence Jones .
James Russell Lowell
James Russell Lowell was born February 22 , 1819 . He was a member of the eighth generation of the Lowell family , the descendants of Percival Lowle who settled in Newbury , Massachusetts , in 1639 . His parents were the Reverend Charles Russell Lowell Sr. ( 1782 -- 1861 ) , a minister at a Unitarian church in Boston who had previously studied theology at Edinburgh , and Harriett Brackett Spence Lowell . By the time that James Russell Lowell was born , the family owned a large estate in Cambridge called Elmwood . He was the youngest of six children ; his siblings were Charles , Rebecca , Mary , William , and Robert . Lowell 's mother built in him an appreciation for literature at an early age , especially in poetry , ballads , and tales from her native Orkney . He attended school under Sophia Dana , who later married George Ripley ; he later studied at a school run by a particularly harsh disciplinarian , where one of his classmates was Richard Henry Dana Jr .
Ramayana
One of the most important literary works of ancient India , the Ramayana has had a profound impact on art and culture in the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia with the lone exception of Vietnam . The story ushered in the tradition of the next thousand years of massive - scale works in the rich diction of regal courts and Hindu temples . It has also inspired much secondary literature in various languages , notably Kambaramayanam by Tamil poet Kambar of the 12th century , Telugu language Molla Ramayanam by poet Molla and Ranganatha Ramayanam by poet Gona Budda Reddy , 14th century Kannada poet Narahari 's Torave Ramayana and 15th century Bengali poet Krittibas Ojha 's Krittivasi Ramayan , as well as the 16th century Awadhi version , Ramacharitamanas , written by Tulsidas .
Shakespeare's influence
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The Coquette
Whitman , under the name `` Mrs. Walker , '' died at the Bell Tavern in Danvers , Massachusetts , after giving birth to a stillborn baby . Biographers are still not certain of the identity of her lover , who is referred to only as `` Fidelio '' in her letters . Her death notices , published in a variety of New England newspapers in 1788 , quickly provoked moral lectures for young women . Whitman 's life was turned into a moral allegory , ministers and journalists blaming her demise on her reading of romance novels , which gave her improper ideas and turned her into a coquette . Foster responded with The Coquette , which offered a more sympathetic portrayal of Whitman and the restrictions placed on middle - class women in early American society .
Great Expectations
Dickens 's novel has influenced a number of writers , Sue Roe 's Estella : Her Expectations ( 1982 ) , for example explores the inner life of an Estella fascinated with a Havisham figure . Miss Havisham is again important in Havisham : A Novel ( 2013 ) , a book by Ronald Frame , that features an imagining of the life of Miss Catherine Havisham from childhood to adulthood . The second chapter of Rosalind Ashe 's Literary Houses ( 1982 ) paraphrases Miss Havisham 's story with details about the nature and structure of Satis House and coloured imaginings of the house within . Miss Havisham is also central to Lost in a Good Book ( 2002 ) , Jasper Fforde 's alternate history , fantasy novel , which features a parody of Miss Havisham . It won the Independent Mystery Booksellers Association 2004 Dilys Award .
American Revolution
Phyllis Wheatley was a black poet who popularized the image of Columbia to represent America . She came to public attention when her Poems on Various Subjects , Religious and Moral appeared in 1773 .
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
As they discussed Shelvocke 's book , Wordsworth proffers the following developmental critique to Coleridge , which importantly contains a reference to tutelary spirits : `` Suppose you represent him as having killed one of these birds on entering the south sea , and the tutelary spirits of these regions take upon them to avenge the crime . '' By the time the trio finished their walk , the poem had taken shape .
Flowers for Algernon
Characters in the book were based on people in Keyes 's life . The character of Algernon was inspired by a university dissection class , and the name was inspired by the poet Algernon Charles Swinburne . Nemur and Strauss , the scientists who develop the intelligence - enhancing surgery in the story , were based on professors Keyes met while studying psychoanalysis in graduate school .
United States Declaration of Independence
Jefferson wrote that a number of authors exerted a general influence on the words of the Declaration . English political theorist John Locke is usually cited as one of the primary influences , a man whom Jefferson called one of `` the three greatest men that have ever lived '' . In 1922 , historian Carl L. Becker wrote , `` Most Americans had absorbed Locke 's works as a kind of political gospel ; and the Declaration , in its form , in its phraseology , follows closely certain sentences in Locke 's second treatise on government . '' The extent of Locke 's influence on the American Revolution has been questioned by some subsequent scholars , however . Historian Ray Forrest Harvey argued in 1937 for the dominant influence of Swiss jurist Jean Jacques Burlamaqui , declaring that Jefferson and Locke were at `` two opposite poles '' in their political philosophy , as evidenced by Jefferson 's use in the Declaration of Independence of the phrase `` pursuit of happiness '' instead of `` property '' . Other scholars emphasized the influence of republicanism rather than Locke 's classical liberalism . Historian Garry Wills argued that Jefferson was influenced by the Scottish Enlightenment , particularly Francis Hutcheson , rather than Locke , an interpretation that has been strongly criticized .
Quakers
Holiness Friends are heavily influenced by the Holiness movement , in particular John Wesley 's doctrine of Christian perfection , also called `` entire sanctification '' . This doctrine states that loving God and humanity totally , as exemplified by Christ , enables believers to rid themselves of voluntary sin . This was a predominant view within Quakerism in the United Kingdom and United States in the 19th century , and it influenced other branches of Quakerism . Holiness Friends argue ( leaning on writings which include George Fox 's message of perfection ) that early Friends had the same understanding of holiness .
The Star-Spangled Banner
The poem was set to the tune of a popular British song written by John Stafford Smith for the Anacreontic Society , a men 's social club in London . `` To Anacreon in Heaven '' ( or `` The Anacreontic Song '' ) , with various lyrics , was already popular in the United States . Set to Key 's poem and renamed `` The Star - Spangled Banner '' , it soon became a well - known American patriotic song . With a range of 19 semitones , it is known for being very difficult to sing . Although the poem has four stanzas , only the first is commonly sung today .
Encyclopédie
The Encyclopédie is often seen as an influence for the French Revolution because of its emphasis on Enlightenment political theories . Diderot and other authors , in famous articles such as `` Political Authority '' , emphasized the shift of the origin of political authority from divinity or heritage to the people . This Enlightenment ideal , espoused by Rousseau and others , advocated that people have the right to consent to their government in a form of social contract .
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
On a surface level the poem explores a violation of nature and the resulting psychological effects on the mariner and on all those who hear him . According to Jerome McGann the poem is like a salvation story . The poem 's structure is multi-layered text based on Coleridge 's interest in Higher Criticism . `` Like the Iliad or Paradise Lost or any great historical product , the Rime is a work of transhistorical rather than so - called universal significance . This verbal distinction is important because it calls attention to a real one . Like The Divine Comedy or any other poem , the Rime is not valued or used always or everywhere or by everyone in the same way or for the same reasons . ''
The Star-Spangled Banner
Key gave the poem to his brother - in - law Judge Joseph H. Nicholson who saw that the words fit the popular melody `` The Anacreontic Song '' , by English composer John Stafford Smith . This was the official song of the Anacreontic Society , an 18th - century gentlemen 's club of amateur musicians in London . Nicholson took the poem to a printer in Baltimore , who anonymously made the first known broadside printing on September 17 ; of these , two known copies survive .
The Bronx
Author Edgar Allan Poe spent the last years of his life ( 1846 to 1849 ) in the Bronx at Poe Cottage , now located at Kingsbridge Road and the Grand Concourse . A small wooden farmhouse built around 1812 , the cottage once commanded unobstructed vistas over the rolling Bronx hills to the shores of Long Island . Poe moved there to get away from the Manhattan city air and crowding in hope that the then rural area would be beneficial for his wife 's tuberculosis . It was in the Bronx that Poe wrote one of his most famous works , Annabel Lee .
Romeo and Juliet
The play influenced several jazz works , including Peggy Lee 's `` Fever '' . Duke Ellington 's Such Sweet Thunder contains a piece entitled `` The Star - Crossed Lovers '' in which the pair are represented by tenor and alto saxophones : critics noted that Juliet 's sax dominates the piece , rather than offering an image of equality . The play has frequently influenced popular music , including works by The Supremes , Bruce Springsteen , Tom Waits , Lou Reed , and Taylor Swift . The most famous such track is Dire Straits ' `` Romeo and Juliet '' .
Hamlet
From around 1810 to 1840 , the best - known Shakespearean performances in the United States were tours by leading London actors -- including George Frederick Cooke , Junius Brutus Booth , Edmund Kean , William Charles Macready , and Charles Kemble . Of these , Booth remained to make his career in the States , fathering the nation 's most notorious actor , John Wilkes Booth ( who later assassinated Abraham Lincoln ) , and its most famous Hamlet , Edwin Booth . Edwin Booth 's Hamlet at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in 1875 was described as `` ... the dark , sad , dreamy , mysterious hero of a poem. ... ( acted ) in an ideal manner , as far removed as possible from the plane of actual life '' . Booth played Hamlet for 100 nights in the 1864 / 5 season at The Winter Garden Theatre , inaugurating the era of long - run Shakespeare in America .
James Russell Lowell
In late 1839 , Lowell met Maria White through her brother William , a classmate at Harvard , and the two became engaged in the autumn of 1840 . Maria 's father Abijah White , a wealthy merchant from Watertown , insisted that their wedding be postponed until Lowell had gainful employment . They were finally married on December 26 , 1844 , shortly after the groom published Conversations on the Old Poets , a collection of his previously published essays . A friend described their relationship as `` the very picture of a True Marriage '' . Lowell himself believed that she was made up `` half of earth and more than half of Heaven '' . She , too , wrote poetry , and the next twelve years of Lowell 's life were deeply affected by her influence . He said that his first book of poetry A Year 's Life ( 1841 ) `` owes all its beauty to her '' , though it only sold 300 copies .
Sleeping Beauty
Earlier influences come from the story of the sleeping Brynhild in the Volsunga saga and the tribulations of saintly female martyrs in early Christian hagiography conventions . It was , in fact , the existence of Brynhild that persuaded the Brothers Grimm to include the story in later editions of their work rather than eliminate it , as they did to other works they deemed to be purely French , stemming from Perrault 's work . Their decision was odd on one point , at least , since in none of the Teutonic myths , meaning the Poetic and Prose Eddas or Volsunga Saga , is their sleeper awakened with a kiss , a fact Jacob Grimm would certainly have known , who wrote an important and encyclopedic volume on German Mythology .
Great Depression in the United States
The memory of the Depression also shaped modern theories of economics and resulted in many changes in how the government dealt with economic downturns , such as the use of stimulus packages , Keynesian economics , and Social Security . It also shaped modern American literature , resulting in famous novels such as John Steinbeck 's The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men .
Novel
A number of European novelists were influenced during this period by the earlier Romantic Movement , including Victor Hugo , with novels like The Hunchback of Notre - Dame ( 1831 ) and Les Misérables ( 1862 ) , and Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov with A Hero of Our Time ( 1840 ) . Harriet
James Russell Lowell
Maria 's character and beliefs led her to become involved in the movements directed against intemperance and slavery . She was a member of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society and persuaded her husband to become an abolitionist . James had previously expressed antislavery sentiments , but Maria urged him towards more active expression and involvement . His second volume of poems Miscellaneous Poems expressed these antislavery thoughts , and its 1,500 copies sold well .
Elvis Presley
Presley 's name , image , and voice are instantly recognizable around the globe . He has inspired a legion of impersonators . In polls and surveys , he is recognized as one of the most important popular music artists and influential Americans . `` Elvis Presley is the greatest cultural force in the twentieth century '' , said composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein . `` He introduced the beat to everything and he changed everything -- music , language , clothes . It 's a whole new social revolution -- the sixties came from it . '' In the words of John Lennon , `` Nothing really affected me until Elvis . '' Bob Dylan described the sensation of first hearing Presley as `` like busting out of jail '' . Presley
To Autumn
In `` To Autumn '' , Bewell argues , Keats was at once voicing `` a very personal expression of desire for health '' and constructing a `` myth of a national environment '' . This `` political '' element in the poem , Bewell points out , has also been suggested by Geoffrey Hartman , who expounded a view of `` To Autumn '' as `` an ideological poem whose form expresses a national idea '' .