vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Country Release date Edition ( Hardback / Paperback ) Publisher Pages Canada 1 December 1998 Hardback Children 's Edition Raincoast 223 Paperback Adult Edition ( Original ) 1 November 1999 Hardback Signature Special Edition 31 August 2000 Paperback Children 's Edition 16 October 2002 Paperback Magic Edition 4 October 2004 Hardback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) 336 12 January 2011 Paperback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) Bloomsbury 223 Paperback Harry Potter Signature Edition 27 August 2013 Paperback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) United Kingdom 26 June 1997 Hardback Children 's Edition Paperback Children 's Edition 11 September 1998 Paperback Adult Edition ( Original ) 27 September 1999 Hardback Signature Special Edition 8 October 2001 Paperback Special Edition 10 July 2004 Hardback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) 336 4 October 2004 Paperback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) 223 1 November 2010 Paperback Harry Potter Signature Edition 18 July 2013 Paperback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) 6 October 2015 Hardcover Illustrated Edition ( Illustrated by Jim Kay ) 256 United States 1 September 1998 Hardback Arthur A. Levine / Scholastic 309 8 September 1999 Paperback 1 November 2000 Hardback Collector 's Edition 1 November 2001 Mass Market Paperback 400 September 2008 Paperback ( Exclusive Scholastic School Market Edition ) 309 1 October 2008 Hardback 10th Anniversary Edition 27 August 2013 Paperback ( Re-issue with new cover ) 336 6 October 2015 Hardcover Illustrated Edition ( Illustrated by Jim Kay ) 256
Welsh language
In fact , the differences between dialects of modern spoken Welsh pale into insignificance compared to the difference between some forms of the spoken language and the most formal constructions of the literary language . The latter is considerably more conservative and is the language used in Welsh translations of the Bible , amongst other things ( although the 2004 Beibl Cymraeg Newydd -- New Welsh Bible -- is significantly less formal than the traditional 1588 Bible ) . Gareth King , author of a popular Welsh grammar , observes that `` The difference between these two is much greater than between the virtually identical colloquial and literary forms of English '' . A grammar of Literary Welsh can be found in A Grammar of Welsh ( 1980 ) by Stephen J. Williams or more completely in Gramadeg y Gymraeg ( 1996 ) by Peter Wynn Thomas . ( No comprehensive grammar of formal literary Welsh exists in English . ) An English - language guide to colloquial Welsh forms and register and dialect differences is `` Dweud Eich Dweud '' ( 2001 , 2013 ) by Ceri Jones .
Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary
The oldest known version was first published in Tommy Thumb 's Pretty Song Book ( 1744 ) with the following lyrics :
The Shining (film)
In accordance with stipulations contained in Kubrick 's will , DVD releases show the film in open matte ( i.e. , with more picture content visible than in movie theaters ) . The scene in which Wendy discovers her husband 's work ( consisting only of a simple proverb : `` all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy '' repeatedly typed on numerous pages ) was shot with different proverbs in at least five languages ( English , French , Spanish , Italian and German ) . Nevertheless , most DVD releases show the English version , disregarding the dub language .
Afrikaans
In addition , many native speakers of Bantu languages and English also speak Afrikaans as a second language . It is taught in schools , with about 10.3 million second - language students . One reason for the expansion of Afrikaans is its development in the public realm : it is used in newspapers , radio programs , TV , and several translations of the Bible have been published since the first one was completed in 1933 .
English translations of the Quran
The Alcoran , Translated out of Arabic into French . By the Andrew du Ryer , Lord of Malezair , and Resident for the French King , at ALEXANDRIA . And Newly Englished , for the satisfaction of all that desire to look into the Turkish Vanities London , Printed Anno Dom. 1649 The earliest known translation of the Qur'an into the English Language was The Alcoran of Mahomet in 1649 by Alexander Ross , chaplain to King Charles I . This , however , was a translation of the French translation L'Alcoran de Mahomet by the Sieur du Ryer , Lord of Malezair . L'Alcoran de Mahomet. . Ellison
Welsh language
Modern Welsh can be considered to fall broadly into two main registers -- Colloquial Welsh ( Cymraeg llafar ) and Literary Welsh ( Cymraeg llenyddol ) . The grammar described here is that of Colloquial Welsh , which is used in most speech and informal writing . Literary Welsh is closer to the form of Welsh standardised by the 1588 translation of the Bible and is found in official documents and other formal registers , including much literature . As a standardised form , literary Welsh shows little if any of the dialectal variation found in colloquial Welsh . Some differences include :
Xhosa language
indoda iyambona umntwana -- the man sees the child amadoda ayababona abantwana -- the men see the children
Welsh language
The Bible translations into Welsh helped maintain the use of Welsh in daily life . The New Testament was translated by William Salesbury in 1567 followed by the complete Bible by William Morgan in 1588 .
Haiku
The loosening of traditional standards has resulted in the term `` haiku '' being applied to brief English - language poems such as `` mathemaku '' and other kinds of pseudohaiku . Some sources claim that this is justified by the blurring of definitional boundaries in Japan . Rich cross cultural haiku traditions continue to this day , evidenced by books like Baseball Haiku : American and Japanese Haiku and Senryu on Baseball edited by Cor van den Heuvel and Nanae Tamura ( W.W. Norton 2007 ) .
Book of Enoch
Tanakh ( Judaism ) Torah ( Instruction ) ( show ) Genesis Brʾeišyt Exodus Šemot Leviticus Wayiqra Numbers Bəmidbar Deuteronomy Devarim Nevi'im ( Prophets ) ( show ) Former Joshua Yehoshua Judges Shofetim Samuel Shemuel Kings Melakhim Latter Isaiah Yeshayahu Jeremiah Yirmeyahu Ezekiel Yekhezqel Minor Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Ketuvim ( Writings ) ( show ) Poetic Psalms Təhillîm Proverbs Mishlei Job Iyov Five Megillot ( Scrolls ) Song of Songs Shir Hashirim Ruth Rut Lamentations Eikhah Ecclesiastes Qoheleth Esther Ester Historical Daniel Daniyyel Ezra -- Nehemiah Ezra Chronicles Dibh 're Hayyamim Old Testament ( Christianity ) Pentateuch ( show ) Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Historical ( show ) Joshua Judges Ruth 1 and 2 Samuel 1 and 2 Kings 1 and 2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Wisdom Poetry ( show ) Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Songs Prophetic ( show ) Major prophets Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Minor prophets Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Deuterocanonical ( hide ) Tobit Judith Additions to Esther 1 Maccabees 2 Maccabees Wisdom of Solomon Sirach Baruch / Letter of Jeremiah Additions to Daniel Orthodox only 1 Esdras 2 Esdras Prayer of Manasseh Psalm 151 3 Maccabees 4 Maccabees Odes Orthodox Tewahedo 1 Enoch Jubilees 1 , 2 , and 3 Meqabyan Paralipomena of Baruch Broader canon Bible portal
Book of Enoch
The first English translation of the Bodleian / Ethiopic manuscript was published in 1821 by Richard Laurence , titled The Book of Enoch , the prophet : an apocryphal production , supposed to have been lost for ages ; but discovered at the close of the last century in Abyssinia ; now first translated from an Ethiopic manuscript in the Bodleian Library . Oxford , 1821 . Revised editions appeared in 1833 , 1838 , and 1842 .
Ramcharitmanas
The English commentary by Morari Bapu , Mangal Ramayan , is an English composition of one of his orrated Ram Katha commentaries . The book contains all the translations of prayers , Doha , Chaupais , and Chandan sung by Bapu , as well as an in - depth disccusion behind the meanings of the poetry .
United Kingdom
It is compulsory for pupils to study a second language up to the age of 14 in England , and up to age 16 in Scotland . French and German are the two most commonly taught second languages in England and Scotland . All pupils in Wales are taught Welsh as a second language up to age 16 , or are taught in Welsh .
Verses upon the Burning of our House
Verses upon the Burning of our House ( full title : Here follow some verses upon the burning of our house , July 10 , 1666 ) is a poem by Anne Bradstreet . She wrote it to express the traumatic loss of her home and most of her material . However , she expands the understanding that God had taken them away in order for her family to live a more pious life . She feels guilty that she is hurt from losing earthly possessions . It is against her belief that she should feel this way ; showing she is a sinner . Her deep puritan beliefs brought her to accept that the loss of material was a spiritually necessary occurrence . She reminds herself that her future , and anything that has value , lies in heaven . Though she feels guilty , she knows that she is one of the fortunate ones who have salvation regardless ; God gives it to his followers , and will help them fight their sin on this earth . The burning of her house was to fight her family 's sins of material idols .
The Arkansas Traveler (song)
= = = Traditional children 's version = = = = = = Alternate Children 's version
List of multilingual countries and regions
For the first four years of school , Luxembourgish is the medium of instruction , before giving way to German , which in turn gives way to French . ( In addition , children learn English and sometimes another European language , usually Spanish or Italian . ) Similarly in the country 's parliament , debates are conducted in Luxembourgish , draft legislation is drafted in German , while the statute laws are in French . The Netherlands has four official languages . Dutch is the primary language , and West Frisian is recognized as a minority language and spoken by between 300,000 and 700,000 people . West Frisian is mostly spoken in the province of Fryslân , where it is the official first language . Low Saxon is recognized as a regional language in the northeast of the country , and Limburgish is an official regional language in Netherlands Limburg . In Amsterdam , certain services are provided in English ; English is official in the Dutch municipalities of Saba and Sint Eustatius . The fourth official language is Papiamento , spoken on Bonaire . The only national language of the United Kingdom is English , however there are several regional languages recognised : Wales : 611,000 Welsh speakers , including the majority of the population in parts of north and west Wales . English is widely used . Across Wales , both English and Welsh have equal official status ; the priority given to each , for instance on road signs , is determined by each local authority . Further information : Languages of Wales Northern Ireland : Ulster Scots , a variety of Scots , is spoken by some in Northern Ireland , but again English is far more commonly used and Ulster Scots is less actively used in media . Irish and Ulster Scots now both have official status in Northern Ireland as part of the 1998 Belfast Agreement ; certain functions are granted to those two languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages . Scotland : 58,652 Gaelic speakers , mostly concentrated in the Highlands and the Hebrides , the traditional heartland of Gaelic culture . The Gaelic Language ( Scotland ) Act 2005 provides for the status of the Gaelic language as an official language of Scotland commanding equal respect to the English language . Also Scots with approximately 2 to 3 million speakers -- a Germanic language closely related to English . Cornwall : After two centuries of extinction , Cornish was revived in the region in the early 20th century .
The Bronx
In poetry , the Bronx has been immortalized by one of the world 's shortest couplets :
The Catcher in the Rye
The Catcher in the Rye is a story by J.D. Salinger , first published in serial form in 1945 - 6 and as a novel in 1951 . A classic novel originally published for adults , it has since become popular with adolescent readers for its themes of teenage angst and alienation . It has been translated into almost all of the world 's major languages . Around 1 million copies are sold each year with total sales of more than 65 million books . The novel 's protagonist Holden Caulfield has become an icon for teenage rebellion . The novel also deals with complex issues of innocence , identity , belonging , loss , and connection .
Analects
Legge , James , trans . ( 1861 ) . Confucian Analects , the Great Learning , and the Doctrine of the Mean . The Chinese Classics . I. London : Trübner . Revised second edition ( 1893 ) , Oxford : Clarendon Press , reprinted by Cosimo in 2006 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 60520 - 643 - 1 Lyall , Leonard A. , trans . ( 1909 ) . The Sayings of Confucius . London : Longmans , Green and Co . OCLC 1435673 . Soothill , William Edward , trans . ( 1910 ) . The Analects of Confucius . Yokohama : Fukuin Printing . ; rpt . London : Oxford University Press ( 1937 ) . Couvreur , Séraphin , trans . ( 1930 ) . Entretiens de Confucius ( Conversations of Confucius ) . Les Quatre Livres ( in French ) ( 3rd ed . ) . Sien Hsien : Mission Catholique . Waley , Arthur , trans . ( 1938 ) . The Analects . London : George Allen and Unwin . Rpt. ( 2000 ) , New York : Alfred A. Knopf . ISBN 978 - 0 - 375 - 41204 - 2 ( in Japanese ) Yoshikawa , Kōjirō 吉川 幸次郎 ( 1978 ) . Rongo 論語 ( Lunyu ) , 3 vols . Tokyo : Asahi Shinbun . Rpt. 2 vols , Asahi Shinbun ( 1996 ) . Lau , D.C. , trans . ( 1979 ) . Confucius , The Analects ( Lun yü ) . Harmondsworth : Penguin Books . ; rpt . with Chinese text , Hong Kong : Chinese University Press ( 1979 ) . Cheng , Anne , trans . ( 1981 ) . Entretiens de Confucius ( Conversations of Confucius ) ( in French ) . Paris : Éditions du Seuil . Ryckmans , Pierre , trans .
Book of Enoch
Wossenie Yifru ( 1990 ) holds that Ge'ez is the language of the original from which the Greek and Aramaic copies were made , pointing out that it is the only language in which the complete text has yet been found .
Book of Enoch
The renewed interest in 1 Enoch spawned a number of other translations : in Hebrew ( A. Kahana , 1956 ) , Danish ( Hammershaimb , 1956 ) , Italian ( Fusella , 1981 ) , Spanish ( 1982 ) , French ( Caquot , 1984 ) and other modern languages . In 1978 a new edition of the Ethiopic text was edited by Michael Knibb , with an English translation , while a new commentary appeared in 1985 by Matthew Black .
We Real Cool
It consists of four verses of two rhyming lines each . The final word in most lines is `` we '' . The next line describes something that `` we '' do , such as play pool or drop out of school . Brooks has said that the `` we '' s are meant to be said softly , as though the protagonists in the poem are questioning the validity of their existence . The poem has been featured on broadsides , and is widely studied in literature classes and re-printed in literature textbooks . It also contains references to the seven deadly sins .
Cinderella
Cinderella ( Italian : Cenerentola ; French : Cendrillon ; German : Aschenputtel ) , or The Little Glass Slipper , is a folk tale embodying a myth - element of unjust oppression and triumphant reward . Thousands of variants are known throughout the world . The title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances , that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune . The story of Rhodopis , recounted by the Greek geographer Strabo around 7 BC , about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt , is usually considered to be the earliest known variant of the Cinderella story . The first literary European version of the story was published in Italy by Giambattista Basile in his Pentamerone in 1634 ; the version that is now most widely known in the English - speaking world was published in French by Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697 . Another version was later published by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms ' Fairy Tales in 1812 .
Hamlet
The phrase `` little eyases '' in the First Folio ( F1 ) may allude to the Children of the Chapel , whose popularity in London forced the Globe company into provincial touring . This became known as the War of the Theatres , and supports a 1601 dating . Katherine Duncan - Jones accepts a 1600 -- 1 attribution for the date Hamlet was written , but notes that the Lord Chamberlain 's Men , playing Hamlet in the 3000 - capacity Globe , were unlikely to be put to any disadvantage by an audience of `` barely one hundred '' for the Children of the Chapel 's equivalent play , Antonio 's Revenge ; she believes that Shakespeare , confident in the superiority of his own work , was making a playful and charitable allusion to his friend John Marston 's very similar piece .
The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night
This edition is ostensibly the `` family '' version of Burton 's translation . ( In her `` Preface '' , Lady Burton guarantees that `` no mother shall regret her girl 's reading this Arabian Nights '' . ) It is a much bowdlerized version of the original edition and was not a commercial success . It excises 215 of the original 3,215 pages , including Burton 's defense of turpiquilum in his `` Foreword '' , all sexually explicit commentary , and the two final essays on `` Pornography '' and `` Pederasty . '' Lady Burton merely lent her name to this expurgated edition . As she stated before his death , `` I have never read , nor do I intend to read , at his own request , and to be true to my promise to him , my husband 's ' Arabian Nights ' `` .
O Canada
Five years later , the Whaley and Royce company in Toronto published the music with the French text and a first translation into English by Thomas Bedford Richardson and , in 1908 , Collier 's Weekly magazine held a competition to write new English lyrics for `` O Canada '' . The competition was won by Mercy E. Powell McCulloch , but her version never gained wide acceptance . In fact , many made English translations of Routhier 's words ; however , the most popular version was created in 1908 by Robert Stanley Weir , a lawyer and Recorder of the City of Montreal . Weir 's original lyrics from 1908 contained no religious references and used the phrase `` thou dost in us command '' before they were changed by Weir in 1914 to read `` in all thy sons command '' . In 1926 , a fourth verse of a religious nature was added . A slightly modified version was officially published for the Diamond Jubilee of Confederation in 1927 , and gradually it became the most widely accepted and performed version of this song .
I Want to Hold Your Hand
The German - language track was a big hit in Germany at the time , but today , like all the other German - lyrics versions of English - language pop songs that were popular in that country during the 1950s and 1960s , it is generally considered as a cultural curiosity from a by - gone era at best . The English versions are much better known in Germany today ; the Beatles ' Red and Blue albums of the 1970s already featured the English hits on the German pressings .
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone won two publishing industry awards given for sales rather than literary merit , the British Book Awards Children 's Book of the Year and the Booksellers ' Association / Bookseller Author of the Year . By March 1999 UK editions had sold just over 300,000 copies , and the story was still the UK 's best - selling title in December 2001 . A Braille edition was published in May 1998 by the Scottish Braille Press .
Xhosa language
Literary works , including prose and poetry , are available in Xhosa , as are newspapers and magazines . The first printed word in Xhosa came out in 1823 from the Lovedale Press in the Alice region of the Eastern Cape . But , as with any language , Xhosa had a rich history of oral traditions from which the society taught , informed , and entertained one another . The first Bible translation was in 1859 , produced in part by Henry Hare Dugmore . The South African Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts in Xhosa on both radio ( on Umhlobo Wenene FM ) and television , and films , plays and music are also produced in the language . The best - known performer of Xhosa songs outside South Africa was Miriam Makeba , whose Click Song # 1 ( Xhosa Qongqothwane ) and `` Click Song # 2 '' ( Baxabene Ooxam ) are known for their large number of click sounds .
Novel
A chapbook is an early type of popular literature printed in early modern Europe . Produced cheaply , chapbooks were commonly small , paper - covered booklets , usually printed on a single sheet folded into books of 8 , 12 , 16 and 24 pages . They were often illustrated with crude woodcuts , which sometimes bore no relation to the text . When illustrations were included in chapbooks , they were considered popular prints . The tradition arose in the 16th century , as soon as printed books became affordable , and rose to its height during the 17th and 18th centuries and Many different kinds of ephemera and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks , such as almanacs , children 's literature , folk tales , nursery rhymes , pamphlets , poetry , and political and religious tracts .
History of education in the United States
Webster 's Speller was the pedagogical blueprint for American textbooks ; it was so arranged that it could be easily taught to students , and it progressed by age . Webster believed students learned most readily when complex problems were broken into its component parts . Each pupil could master one part before moving to the next . Ellis argues that Webster anticipated some of the insights associated in the 20th century with Jean Piaget 's theory of cognitive development . Webster said that children pass through distinctive learning phases in which they master increasingly complex or abstract tasks . He stressed that teachers should not try to teach a three - year - old how to read -- wait until they are ready at age five . He planned the Speller accordingly , starting with the alphabet , then covering the different sounds of vowels and consonants , then syllables ; simple words came next , followed by more complex words , then sentences . Webster 's Speller was entirely secular . It ended with two pages of important dates in American history , beginning with Columbus ' `` discovery '' in 1492 and ending with the Battle of Yorktown in 1781 , by which the United States achieved independence . There was no mention of God , the Bible , or sacred events . As Ellis explains , `` Webster began to construct a secular catechism to the nation - state . Here was the first appearance of ' civics ' in American schoolbooks . In this sense , Webster 's speller was the secular successor to The New England Primer with its explicitly biblical injunctions . '' Bynack ( 1984 ) examines Webster in relation to his commitment to the idea of a unified American national culture that would prevent the decline of republican virtues and national solidarity . Webster acquired his perspective on language from such German theorists as Johann David Michaelis and Johann Gottfried Herder . He believed with them that a nation 's linguistic forms and the thoughts correlated with them shaped individuals ' behavior . He intended the etymological clarification and reform of American English to improve citizens ' manners and thereby preserve republican purity and social stability . Webster animated his Speller and Grammar by following these principles .
Waltzing Matilda
By contrast with the original , and also with subsequent versions , the chorus of all the verses was the same in this version . This is also apparently the only version that uses `` billabongs '' instead of `` billabong '' .