vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Wireless security
If router security is not activated or if the owner deactivates it for convenience , it creates a free hotspot . Since most 21st - century laptop PCs have wireless networking built in ( see Intel `` Centrino '' technology ) , they do n't need a third - party adapter such as a PCMCIA Card or USB dongle . Built - in wireless networking might be enabled by default , without the owner realizing it , thus broadcasting the laptop 's accessibility to any computer nearby .
Radioactive decay
The trefoil symbol used to indicate ionising radiation . 2007 ISO radioactivity danger symbol intended for IAEA Category 1 , 2 and 3 sources defined as dangerous sources capable of death or serious injury . The dangerous goods transport classification sign for radioactive materials
Twisted pair
UTP cable is also the most common cable used in computer networking . Modern Ethernet , the most common data networking standard , can use UTP cables . Twisted pair cabling is often used in data networks for short and medium length connections because of its relatively lower costs compared to optical fiber and coaxial cable .
Client–server model
An early use of the word client occurs in `` Separating Data from Function in a Distributed File System '' , a 1978 paper by Xerox PARC computer scientists Howard Sturgis , James Mitchell , and Jay Israel . The authors are careful to define the term for readers , and explain that they use it to distinguish between the user and the user 's network node ( the client ) . ( By 1992 , the word server had entered into general parlance . )
List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters
In the IDW comics , Hamato Yoshi was a member of the Foot Clan until he defected to start his own clan , the Hamato Clan , with him as the Hamato 's jonin ( leader ) , upon learning of Shredder 's true intentions . Thus , he was branded a traitor by Shredder and killed along with Tang Shen and their four newborn sons . Centuries later , Yoshi and his sons were reborn in a company called Stock Gen when his soul was reincarnated into a brown rat and theirs into red - eared sliders , they were later mutated bringing them back to life as Splinter and the four Ninja Turtles .
Internet privacy
Sweden is often considered to be at the forefront of Internet use and Internet regulations . On 11 May 1973 Sweden enacted the Data Act − the world 's first national data protection law . They are constantly innovating the way that the Internet is used and how it impacts their people . In 2012 , Sweden received a Web Index Score of 100 , a score that measures how the Internet significantly influences political , social , and economic impact , placing them first among 61 other nations . Sweden received this score while in the process of exceeding new mandatory implementations from the European Union . Sweden placed more restrictive guidelines on the directive on intellectual property rights enforcement ( IPRED ) and passed the FRA - law in 2009 that allowed for the legal sanctioning of surveillance of internet traffic by state authorities . The FRA has a history of intercepting radio signals and has stood as the main intelligence agency in Sweden since 1942 . Sweden is an interesting topic when discussing Laws and Regulations of Internet Privacy because of mixture of their government 's strong push towards implementing policy and their citizens continued perception of a free and neutral Internet . Both of the previously mentioned additions created controversy by critics but they did not change the public perception even though the new FRA - law was brought in front of the European Court of Human Rights for human rights violations . The law was established by the National Defense Radio Establishment ( Forsvarets Radio Anstalt - FRA ) to eliminate outside threats . However , the law also allowed for authorities to monitor all cross-border communication without a warrant . Sweden 's recent emergence into Internet dominance may be explained by their recent climb in users . Only 2 % of all Swedes were connected to the Internet in 1995 but at last count in 2012 , 89 % had broadband access . This was due in large part once again to the active Swedish government introducing regulatory provisions to promote competition among Internet Service Providers . These regulations helped grow web - infrastructure and forced prices below the European average . To add to the intrigue around Sweden 's laws and regulations , one must also mention how copyright laws evolved in Sweden . Sweden was the birthplace of the Pirate Bay , an infamous file - sharing website .
Client–server model
A server may receive requests from many distinct clients in a short period of time . A computer can only perform a limited number of tasks at any moment , and relies on a scheduling system to prioritize incoming requests from clients to accommodate them . To prevent abuse and maximize availability , server software may limit the availability to clients . Denial of service attacks are designed to exploit a server 's obligation to process requests by overloading it with excessive request rates .
Test probe
The result is a frequency compensated probe for modest frequencies that presents a load of about 10 megohms shunted by 12 pF . Although such a probe is an improvement , it does not work when the time scale shrinks to several cable transit times ( transit time is typically 5 ns ) . In that time frame , the cable looks like its characteristic impedance , and there will be reflections from the transmission line mismatch at the scope input and the probe that causes ringing . The modern scope probe uses lossy low capacitance transmission lines and sophisticated frequency shaping networks to make the 10 × probe perform well at several hundred megahertz . Consequently , there are other adjustments for completing the compensation .
Twisted pair
In a balanced line operation , the two wires carry equal and opposite signals , and the destination detects the difference between the two . This is known as differential mode transmission . Noise sources introduce signals into the wires by coupling of electric or magnetic fields and tend to couple to both wires equally . The noise thus produces a common - mode signal which is canceled at the receiver when the difference signal is taken .
Hanns Johst
THIEMANN : That 's for damned sure ! Barbed wire is barbed wire ! I know what I 'm up against ... No rose without a thorn ! ... And the last thing I 'll stand for is ideas to get the better of me ! I know that rubbish from ' 18 ... , fraternity , equality , ... , freedom ... , beauty and dignity ! You got ta use the right bait to hook ' em . And then , you 're right in the middle of a parley and they say : Hands up ! You 're disarmed ... , you republican voting swine ! -- No , let ' em keep their good distance with their whole ideological kettle of fish ... I shoot with live ammunition ! When I hear the word culture ... , I release the safety on my Browning ! ''
Command-line interface
Options may be indicated by either of the `` switch characters '' : - , / , or either may be allowed . See below . They may or may not be case - sensitive . Sometimes options and their arguments are run together , sometimes separated by whitespace , and sometimes by a character , typically : or = ; thus Prog - fFilename , Prog - f Filename , Prog - f : Filename , Prog - f = Filename . Some programs allow single - character options to be combined ; others do not . The switch - fA may mean the same as - f - A , or it may be incorrect , or it may even be a valid but different parameter .
Social media
In addition to humans and bots , the third type of users are `` cyborgs '' , described as a combination of a human and a bot , in an analogy to `` real '' cyborgs . They are used , for instance , to spread fake news or create a buzz . Cyborgs , in the social media context , are either bot - assisted humans or human - assisted bots . A concrete example of a cyborg in the social media context is a human being who registers an account for which he sets automated programs to post , for instance tweets , during his absence . From time to time , the human participates to tweet and interact with friends . Cyborgs are different from bots , as bots use automation , whereas cyborgs intertwine characteristics of both manual and automated behavior . Cyborgs offer unique opportunities for fake news spreaders , as it blends automated activity with human input . When the automated accounts are publicly identified , the human part of the cyborg is able to take over and could protest that the account has been used manually all along . Such accounts try to pose as real people ; in particular , number of their friends or followers should be resembling that of a real person . Often , such accounts use `` friend farms '' to collect large number of friends in a short period of time .
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan participants were not surprised when the Czechoslovakian and Polish delegations were prevented from attending the Paris meeting . The other Eastern Bloc states immediately rejected the offer . Finland also declined , to avoid antagonizing the Soviets ( see also Finlandization ) . The Soviet Union 's `` alternative '' to the Marshall plan , which was purported to involve Soviet subsidies and trade with western Europe , became known as the Molotov Plan , and later , the Comecon . In a 1947 speech to the United Nations , Soviet deputy foreign minister Andrei Vyshinsky said that the Marshall Plan violated the principles of the United Nations . He accused the United States of attempting to impose its will on other independent states , while at the same time using economic resources distributed as relief to needy nations as an instrument of political pressure .
Switch
Since the advent of digital logic in the 1950s , the term switch has spread to a variety of digital active devices such as transistors and logic gates whose function is to change their output state between two logic levels or connect different signal lines , and even computers , network switches , whose function is to provide connections between different ports in a computer network . The term ' switched ' is also applied to telecommunications networks , and signifies a network that is circuit switched , providing dedicated circuits for communication between end nodes , such as the public switched telephone network . The common feature of all these usages is they refer to devices that control a binary state : they are either on or off , closed or open , connected or not connected .
Communications satellite
The concept of the geostationary communications satellite was first proposed by Arthur C. Clarke , building on work by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky . In October 1945 Clarke published an article titled `` Extraterrestrial Relays '' in the British magazine Wireless World . The article described the fundamentals behind the deployment of artificial satellites in geostationary orbits for the purpose of relaying radio signals . Thus , Arthur C. Clarke is often quoted as being the inventor of the communications satellite and the term ' Clarke Belt ' employed as a description of the orbit .
Operating system
Prior to its merging with macOS , the server edition -- macOS Server -- was architecturally identical to its desktop counterpart and usually ran on Apple 's line of Macintosh server hardware . macOS Server included work group management and administration software tools that provide simplified access to key network services , including a mail transfer agent , a Samba server , an LDAP server , a domain name server , and others . With Mac OS X v10. 7 Lion , all server aspects of Mac OS X Server have been integrated into the client version and the product re-branded as `` OS X '' ( dropping `` Mac '' from the name ) . The server tools are now offered as an application . Linux
Twisted pair
( 2008 ) , ANSI / TIA - 568 - C. 1 ( 2009 ) Cat 7 S / FTP , F / FTP 600 MHz 10GBASE - T Ethernet or POTS / CATV / 1000BASE - T over single cable Fully shielded cable . ISO / IEC 11801 2nd Ed . ( 2002 ) Cat 7 S / FTP , F / FTP 1000 MHz 10GBASE - T Ethernet or POTS / CATV / 1000BASE - T over single cable Uses all four pairs . ISO / IEC 11801 2nd Ed . Am. 2 . ( 2008 ) Cat 8 / 8.1 F / UTP , U / FTP 1600 -- 2000 MHz 40GBASE - T Ethernet or POTS / CATV / 1000BASE - T over single cable In development ( ANSI / TIA - 568 - C. 2 - 1 , ISO / IEC 11801 3rd Ed . ) Cat 8.2 S / FTP , F / FTP 1600 -- 2000 MHz 40GBASE - T Ethernet or POTS / CATV / 1000BASE - T over single cable In development ( ISO / IEC 11801 3rd Ed . )
Talk:Wifebeater (shirt)
Extra agreement that `` wifebeater '' better applies to a flannel shirt with its sleeves ripped at the shoulders . It may have meant this sort of T - shirt in the past , but now applies exclusively to these shirts , particularly when worn by a white trash sort . The US comic `` Larry the Cable Guy '' is the perhaps the best example of this . There 's a wiki on him ; if still unconvinced , see this picture : http://ec3.images-amazon.com/images/P/B0007QS4T6.01._AA240_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg
Input/output
I / O devices are the pieces of hardware used by a human ( or other system ) to communicate with a computer . For instance , a keyboard or computer mouse is an input device for a computer , while monitors and printers are output devices . Devices for communication between computers , such as modems and network cards , typically perform both input and output operations .
Wireless security
In order to implement 802.11 i , one must first make sure both that the router / access point ( s ) , as well as all client devices are indeed equipped to support the network encryption . If this is done , a server such as RADIUS , ADS , NDS , or LDAP needs to be integrated . This server can be a computer on the local network , an access point / router with integrated authentication server , or a remote server . AP 's / routers with integrated authentication servers are often very expensive and specifically an option for commercial usage like hot spots . Hosted 802.1 X servers via the Internet require a monthly fee ; running a private server is free yet has the disadvantage that one must set it up and that the server needs to be on continuously .
Hard disk drive
In 2013 , Seagate introduced one such technology , shingled magnetic recording ( SMR ) . Additionally , SMR comes with design complexities that may cause reduced write performance . Other new recording technologies that , as of 2016 , still remain under development include heat - assisted magnetic recording ( HAMR ) , microwave - assisted magnetic recording ( MAMR ) , two - dimensional magnetic recording ( TDMR ) , bit - patterned recording ( BPR ) , and `` current perpendicular to plane '' giant magnetoresistance ( CPP / GMR ) heads .
Wireless security
On the other hand , in some countries including Germany , persons providing an open access point may be made ( partially ) liable for any illegal activity conducted via this access point . Also , many contracts with ISPs specify that the connection may not be shared with other persons .
Computer
In time , the network spread beyond academic and military institutions and became known as the Internet . The emergence of networking involved a redefinition of the nature and boundaries of the computer . Computer operating systems and applications were modified to include the ability to define and access the resources of other computers on the network , such as peripheral devices , stored information , and the like , as extensions of the resources of an individual computer . Initially these facilities were available primarily to people working in high - tech environments , but in the 1990s the spread of applications like e-mail and the World Wide Web , combined with the development of cheap , fast networking technologies like Ethernet and ADSL saw computer networking become almost ubiquitous . In fact , the number of computers that are networked is growing phenomenally . A very large proportion of personal computers regularly connect to the Internet to communicate and receive information . `` Wireless '' networking , often utilizing mobile phone networks , has meant networking is becoming increasingly ubiquitous even in mobile computing environments .
Command-line interface
There are a number of text mode games , like Adventure or King 's Quest 1 - 3 , which relied on the user typing commands at the bottom of the screen . One controls the character by typing commands like ' get ring ' or ' look ' . The program returns a text which describes how the character sees it , or makes the action happen . The text adventure The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a piece of interactive fiction based on Douglas Adam 's book of the same name , is a teletype - style command - line game .
Neuron
A neuron , also known as a neurone ( British spelling ) and nerve cell , is an electrically excitable cell that receives , processes , and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals . These signals between neurons occur via specialized connections called synapses . Neurons can connect to each other to form neural networks . Neurons are the primary components of the central nervous system , which includes the brain and spinal cord , and of the peripheral nervous system , which comprises the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system .
Client–server model
The client -- server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service , called servers , and service requesters , called clients . Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware , but both client and server may reside in the same system . A server host runs one or more server programs which share their resources with clients . A client does not share any of its resources , but requests a server 's content or service function . Clients therefore initiate communication sessions with servers which await incoming requests . Examples of computer applications that use the client -- server model are Email , network printing , and the World Wide Web .
Internet privacy
But how , one might ask , is this still thriving given the increasing emphasis on internet security ? The simple , but unfortunate solution , according to Symantec 's `` Internet Security Threat Report '' , is that of the expanding `` underground economy '' . With more than fifty percent of the supporting servers located in the United States , this `` underground economy '' has become a haven for internet thieves , who use the system in order to sell stolen information . These pieces of information can range from generic things such as a user account or email to something as personal as a bank account number and PIN .
Popeye
Thimble Theatre 's first main characters were the thin Olive Oyl and her boyfriend Harold Hamgravy . After the strip moved away from its initial focus , it settled into a comedy - adventure style featuring Olive , Ham Gravy , and Olive 's enterprising brother Castor Oyl . Olive 's parents Cole and Nana Oyl also made frequent appearances .
Talk:Mode (statistics)
The constant NAN is supposed to be a value that is different from all possible data values ( and always compares as different ) . At the end , the variable maxCnt contains the highest frequency observed . The result is delivered in a pair of program variables : loMode for the lowest data value having maxCnt occurrences , and hiMode for the highest data value having maxCnt occurrences . If the data is unimodal , these two will be the same . If it is possible to append an `` infinite '' value to the data ( or any value exceeding all original data values ) , the last block can ( and should ) be omitted . A problem with including this algorithm in the text of the article is that this is `` original research '' . -- Lambiam 15 : 38 , 8 May 2007 ( UTC )
Nuclear weapon
During the Starfish Prime high - altitude nuclear test in 1962 , an unexpected effect was produced which is called a nuclear electromagnetic pulse . This is an intense flash of electromagnetic energy produced by a rain of high energy electrons which in turn are produced by a nuclear bomb 's gamma rays . This flash of energy can permanently destroy or disrupt electronic equipment if insufficiently shielded . It has been proposed to use this effect to disable an enemy 's military and civilian infrastructure as an adjunct to other nuclear or conventional military operations against that enemy . Because the effect is produced by high altitude nuclear detonations , it can produce damage to electronics over a wide , even continental , geographical area .
Test probe
Some × 10 probes have a `` × 1 / × 10 '' switch . The `` × 1 '' position bypasses the attenuator and compensating network , and can be used when working with very small signals that would be below the scope 's sensitivity limit if attenuated by × 10 . Interchangeability
Freedom of speech by country
No unit or individual may use the Internet to create , replicate , retrieve , or transmit the following kinds of information :
Encyclopédie
Another major , contentious component of political issues in the Encyclopédie was personal or natural rights . Articles such as `` Natural Rights '' by Diderot explained the relationship between individuals and the general will . The natural state of humanity , according to the authors , is barbaric and unorganized . To balance the desires of individuals and the needs of the general will , humanity requires civil society and laws that benefit all persons . Writers , to varying degrees , criticized Thomas Hobbes ' notions of a selfish humanity that requires a sovereign to rule over it .
Default gateway
A packet addressed outside of this range , for this example , addressed to 192.168. 12.3 , can not travel directly to the destination . Instead it must be sent to the default gateway for further routing to their ultimate destination . In this example , the default gateway uses the IP address 192.168. 4.1 , which is resolved into a MAC address with ARP in the usual way . The destination IP address remains 192.168. 12.3 , but the next - hop physical address is that of the gateway , rather than of the ultimate destination .
Caenorhabditis elegans
RNA interference ( RNAi ) is a relatively straightforward method of disrupting the function of specific genes . Silencing the function of a gene can sometimes allow a researcher to infer its possible function ( s ) . The nematode can be soaked in , injected with , or fed with genetically transformed bacteria that express the double - stranded RNA of interest , the sequence of which complements the sequence of the gene that the researcher wishes to disable . RNAi has emerged as a powerful tool in the study of functional genomics . In C. elegans , it has been used to analyse gene functions and the report claims the promise of future findings in the systematic genetic interactions .
Modem
Some devices referred to as `` broadband modems '' are residential gateways , integrating the functions of a modem , network address translation ( NAT ) router , Ethernet switch , WiFi access point , DHCP server , firewall , among others . Some residential gateway offer a so - called `` bridged mode '' , which disables the built - in routing function and makes the device function similarly to a plain modem . This bridged mode is separate from RFC 1483 bridging .
Prometheus
In another of his myths , Prometheus establishes the form of animal sacrifice practiced in ancient Greek religion . Evidence of a cult to Prometheus himself is not widespread . He was a focus of religious activity mainly at Athens , where he was linked to Athena and Hephaestus , other Greek deities of creative skills and technology .