vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
James Russell Lowell
At the invitation of his cousin John Amory Lowell , James Russell Lowell was asked to deliver a lecture at the prestigious Lowell Institute . Some speculated the opportunity was because of the family connection , offered as an attempt to bring him out of his depression . Lowell chose to speak on `` The English Poets '' , telling his friend Briggs that he would take revenge on dead poets `` for the injuries received by one whom the public wo n't allow among the living '' . The first of the twelve - part lecture series was to be on January 9 , 1855 , though by December , Lowell had only completed writing five of them , hoping for last - minute inspiration . His first lecture was on John Milton and the auditorium was oversold ; Lowell had to give a repeat performance the next afternoon . Lowell , who had never spoken in public before , was praised for these lectures . Francis James Child said that Lowell , whom he deemed was typically `` perverse '' , was able to `` persist in being serious contrary to his impulses and his talents '' . While his series was still in progress , Lowell was offered the Smith Professorship of Modern Languages at Harvard , a post vacated by Longfellow , at an annual salary of $1,200 , though he never applied for it . The job description was changing after Longfellow ; instead of teaching languages directly , Lowell would supervise the department and deliver two lecture courses per year on topics of his own choosing . Lowell accepted the appointment , with the proviso that he should have a year of study abroad . He set sail on June 4 of that year , leaving his daughter Mabel in the care of a governess named Frances Dunlap . Abroad , he visited Le Havre , Paris , and London , spending time with friends including Story , Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning , and Leigh Hunt . Primarily , however , Lowell spent his time abroad studying languages , particularly German , which he found difficult . He complained : `` The confounding genders ! If I die I shall have engraved on my tombstone that I died of der , die , das , not because I caught them but because I could n't . ''
Jazz Age
As jazz flourished , American elites who preferred classical music sought to expand the listenership of their favored genre , hoping that jazz would not become mainstream . Controversially , jazz became an influence on composers as diverse as George Gershwin and Herbert Howells .
Romanticism
An early German influence came from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , whose 1774 novel The Sorrows of Young Werther had young men throughout Europe emulating its protagonist , a young artist with a very sensitive and passionate temperament . At that time Germany was a multitude of small separate states , and Goethe 's works would have a seminal influence in developing a unifying sense of nationalism . Another philosophic influence came from the German idealism of Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Schelling , making Jena ( where Fichte lived , as well as Schelling , Hegel , Schiller and the brothers Schlegel ) a center for early German Romanticism ( see Jena Romanticism ) . Important writers were Ludwig Tieck , Novalis ( Heinrich von Ofterdingen , 1799 ) , Heinrich von Kleist and Friedrich Hölderlin . Heidelberg later became a center of German Romanticism , where writers and poets such as Clemens Brentano , Achim von Arnim , and Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff met regularly in literary circles .
Andrew Carnegie
Among his many philanthropic efforts , the establishment of public libraries throughout the United States , Britain , Canada and other English - speaking countries was especially prominent . In this special driving interest and project of his he was inspired by a visit and tour he made with Enoch Pratt ( 1808 -- 1896 ) , formerly of Massachusetts but who made his fortune in Baltimore and ran his various mercantile and financial businesses very thriftily . Pratt in turn had been inspired and helped by his friend and fellow Bay Stater , George Peabody , ( 1795 -- 1869 ) who also had made his fortune in the `` Monumental City '' of Baltimore before moving to New York and London to expand his empire as the richest man in America before the Civil War . Later he too endowed several institutions , schools , libraries and foundations in his home commonwealth , and also in Baltimore with his Peabody Institute in 1857 , completed in 1866 , with added library wings a decade later and several educational foundations throughout the Old South . Several decades later , Carnegie 's visit with Mr. Pratt lasted for several days ; resting and dining in his city mansion , then touring , visiting and talking with staff and ordinary citizen patrons of the newly established Enoch Pratt Free Library ( 1886 ) impressed the Scotsman deeply -- years later he was always heard to proclaim that `` Pratt was my guide and inspiration '' . Carnegie
Townshend Acts
The most influential colonial response to the Townshend Acts was a series of twelve essays by John Dickinson entitled `` Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania '' , which began appearing in December 1767 . Eloquently articulating ideas already widely accepted in the colonies , Dickinson argued that there was no difference between `` internal '' and `` external '' taxes , and that any taxes imposed on the colonies by Parliament for the sake of raising a revenue were unconstitutional . Dickinson warned colonists not to concede to the taxes just because the rates were low , since this would set a dangerous precedent .
Republic of Ireland
Ireland has made a significant contribution to world literature in both the English and Irish languages . Modern Irish fiction began with the publishing of the 1726 novel Gulliver 's Travels by Jonathan Swift . Other writers of importance during the 18th century and their most notable works include Laurence Sterne with the publication of The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy , Gentleman and Oliver Goldsmith 's The Vicar of Wakefield . Numerous Irish novelists emerged during the 19th century , including Maria Edgeworth , John Banim , Gerald Griffin , Charles Kickham , William Carleton , George Moore , and Somerville and Ross . Bram Stoker is best known as the author of the 1897 novel Dracula .
The Rite of Spring
Among 20th - century composers most influenced by The Rite is Stravinsky 's near contemporary , Edgard Varèse , who had attended the 1913 premiere . Varèse , according to Ross , was particularly drawn to the `` cruel harmonies and stimulating rhythms '' of The Rite , which he employed to full effect in his concert work Amériques ( 1921 ) , scored for a massive orchestra with added sound effects including a lion 's roar and a wailing siren . Aaron Copland , to whom Stravinsky was a particular inspiration in the former 's student days , considered The Rite a masterpiece that had created `` the decade of the displaced accent and the polytonal chord '' . Copland adopted Stravinsky 's technique of composing in small sections which he then shuffled and rearranged , rather than working through from beginning to end . Ross cites the music of Copland 's ballet Billy the Kid as coming directly from the `` Spring Rounds '' section of The Rite . For Olivier Messiaen The Rite was of special significance ; he constantly analysed and expounded on the work , which gave him an enduring model for rhythmic drive and assembly of material .
To Kill a Mockingbird
To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960 . It was immediately successful , winning the Pulitzer Prize , and has become a classic of modern American literature . The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee 's observations of her family , her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville , Alabama , in 1936 , when she was 10 years old . The story is told by the six - year - old Jean Louise Finch .
Robert K. Merton
Merton was heavily influenced by Talcott Parsons and to a much lesser degree of Pitirim Sorokin . Indeed , Merton 's choice of dissertation topic reflect profoundly the interest from Parsons and was not of Sorokin 's liking . Hence , Sorokin was strongly opposed to the emphasis of the creativity of Puritanism , which was a central element in Merton 's discussion . Merton , however , managed to have both men on his dissertation committee . Merton worked with Sorokin as a graduate student at Harvard University . However , intellectuals like Paul Lazarsfeld influenced Merton to occupy himself with middle - range theories . Yet Merton 's general theoretical perspectives were much closer to Parsons than Sorokin . He was also influenced by Lawrence Joseph Henderson , L.J. , who taught him something about the disciplined investigation of what is first entertained as an interesting idea . E.F. Gay also played a role in Merton 's thought , as did the famous historian of science George Sarton , who allowed Merton to work with him at Harvard and is believed to have inspired Merton to have interest in science . Émile Durkheim and Georg Simmel also greatly contributed to Merton 's understanding of sociology and to his own ideas .
Ecclesiastes
The main character in George Bernard Shaw 's novel The Adventures of the Black Girl in her Search for God meets Koheleth `` known to many as Ecclesiastes '' .
To Autumn
In a 1979 essay , Jerome McGann argued that while the poem was indirectly influenced by historical events , Keats had deliberately ignored the political landscape of 1819 . Countering this view , Andrew Bennett , Nicholas Roe and others focused on what they believed were political allusions actually present in the poem , Roe arguing for a direct connection to the Peterloo Massacre of 1819 . Later , Paul Fry argued against McGann 's stance when he pointed out , `` It scarcely seems pertinent to say that ' To Autumn ' is therefore an evasion of social violence when it is so clearly an encounter with death itself ( ... ) it is not a politically encoded escape from history reflecting the coerced betrayal ( ... ) of its author 's radicalism . McGann thinks to rescue Keats from the imputation of political naïveté by saying that he was a radical browbeaten into quietism '' .
Prometheus
The two major authors to have an influence on the development of the myths and legends surrounding the Titan Prometheus during the Socratic era of greater Athens were Aeschylus and Plato . The two men wrote in highly distinctive forms of expression which for Aeschylus centered on his mastery of the literary form of Greek tragedy , while for Plato this centered on the philosophical expression of his thought in the form of the various dialogues he had written and recorded during his lifetime . Aeschylus
Oath of office of the President of the United States
The Constitutional language gives the option to `` affirm '' instead of `` swear '' . While the reasons for this are not documented , it may relate to certain Christians , including Quakers , who apply this scripture literally : `` But above all things , my brethren , swear not , neither by heaven , neither by the earth , neither by any other oath : but let your yea be yea ; and your nay , nay ; lest ye fall into condemnation '' ( James 5 : 12 , KJV ) . Franklin Pierce was the only president known to use the word `` affirm '' rather than `` swear . '' Herbert Hoover is often listed to have used `` affirm '' as well , owing to his being a Quaker , but a newsreel taken of the ceremony indicates that the words used were `` solemnly swear . '' Richard Nixon , who was also a Quaker , also swore , rather than affirm .
To Kill a Mockingbird
Charles J. Shields , who wrote the first book - length biography of Harper Lee , offers the reason for the novel 's enduring popularity and impact is that `` its lessons of human dignity and respect for others remain fundamental and universal '' . Atticus ' lesson to Scout that `` you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view -- until you climb around in his skin and walk around in it '' exemplifies his compassion . She ponders the comment when listening to Mayella Ewell 's testimony . When Mayella reacts with confusion to Atticus ' question if she has any friends , Scout offers that she must be lonelier than Boo Radley . Having walked Boo home after he saves their lives , Scout stands on the Radley porch and considers the events of the previous three years from Boo 's perspective . One writer remarks , `` ... ( w ) hile the novel concerns tragedy and injustice , heartache and loss , it also carries with it a strong sense ( of ) courage , compassion , and an awareness of history to be better human beings . ''
River Thames
Ewan MacColl 's `` Sweet Thames , Flow Softly '' , written in the early 1960s , is a tragic love ballad set on trip up the river ( see Edmund Spencer 's love poem 's refrain above )
In His Eyes
Jekyll and Hyde tells the story of a doctor , Jekyll , who , trying to find the basis of good and evil , develops an evil alter ego , Hyde . The song is sung by the two female leads , Lucy and Emma . Emma , Jekyll 's fiancé , is a refined young woman who is reluctant to support her husband 's experiments fearing that he is becoming too involved in the process . Lucy is a prostitute at a gentlemen 's club who becomes infatuated with the Hyde persona , eventually resulting in her death . While the two characters are very different , they both love the same man , albeit different personas within the same physicality . In this song , they lament about their separate desires for Jekyll / Hyde to see how much they love him and how their lives have been altered by the man and his experiments . Both women dream about their futures , with or without Jekyll / Hyde . They both , separately , come to the realization that their love for him is much too strong to ever truly break away . In mutual agreement , they recognize that when they look into the eyes of the man they love , they are filled with everything they need to continue on . The song ends with them fully believing that the love they have for Jekyll / Hyde enriches their lives and are committed to doing whatever they can for him .
Charles Dickens
The popularity he gained caused a shift in his self - perception according to critic Kate Flint , who writes that he `` found himself a cultural commodity , and its circulation had passed out his control '' , causing him to become interested in and delve into themes of public and personal personas in the next novels . She writes that he assumed a role of `` influential commentator '' , publicly and in his fiction , evident in his next few books .
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
Notre Dame de Paris was the first work of fiction to encompass the whole of life , from the King of France to Paris sewer rats , in a manner later co-opted by Honoré de Balzac , Gustave Flaubert and many others , including Charles Dickens . The enormous popularity of the book in France spurred the nascent historical preservation movement in that country and strongly encouraged Gothic revival architecture . Ultimately it led to major renovations at Notre - Dame in the 19th century led by Eugène Viollet - le - Duc . Much of the cathedral 's present appearance is a result of this renovation .
Romanticism
Romanticism became popular in American politics , philosophy and art . The movement appealed to the revolutionary spirit of America as well as to those longing to break free of the strict religious traditions of early settlement . The Romantics rejected rationalism and religious intellect . It appealed to those in opposition of Calvinism , which includes the belief that the destiny of each individual is preordained . The Romantic movement gave rise to New England Transcendentalism , which portrayed a less restrictive relationship between God and Universe . The new philosophy presented the individual with a more personal relationship with God . Transcendentalism and Romanticism appealed to Americans in a similar fashion , for both privileged feeling over reason , individual freedom of expression over the restraints of tradition and custom . It often involved a rapturous response to nature . It encouraged the rejection of harsh , rigid Calvinism , and promised a new blossoming of American culture .
John Steinbeck
In the 1930s and 1940s , Ed Ricketts strongly influenced Steinbeck 's writing . Steinbeck frequently took small trips with Ricketts along the California coast to give himself time off from his writing and to collect biological specimens , which Ricketts sold for a living . Their joint book about a collecting expedition to the Gulf of California in 1940 , which was part travelogue and part natural history , published just as the U.S. entered World War II , never found an audience and did not sell well . However , in 1951 , Steinbeck republished the narrative portion of the book as The Log from the Sea of Cortez , under his name only ( though Ricketts had written some of it ) . This work remains in print today .
Chinese Buddhism
Under influence of the western culture , attempts were being made to revitalize Chinese Buddhism . Most notable were the Humanistic Buddhism of Taixu , and the revival of Chinese Chán by Hsu Yun . Hsu Yun is generally regarded as one of the most influential Buddhist teachers of the 19th and 20th centuries . Other influential teachers in the early 20th century included Pure land Buddhist Yin Guang ( 印 光 ) and artist Hong Yi . Layman Zhao Puchu worked much on the revival .
2018 NBA All-Star Game
Team World 155 , Team USA 124 Scoring by half : 78 -- 59 , 77 -- 65 Pts : Buddy Hield 29 Rebs : Domantas Sabonis 11 Asts : Ben Simmons 13 Pts : Jaylen Brown 35 Rebs : Jaylen Brown 10 Asts : Donovan Mitchell 7
LeBron James
At the 2006 All - Star Game , James led the East to victory with 29 points and was named the NBA All - Star Game Most Valuable Player . Behind final season averages of 31.4 points , 7 rebounds , and 6.6 assists per game , he finished second in overall NBA Most Valuable Player Award voting to Steve Nash . Under James ' leadership , the Cavaliers qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1998 . In his postseason debut , he recorded a triple - double in a winning effort versus the Washington Wizards . In Game 3 of the series , he made the first game - winning shot of his career , making another in Game 5 . Cleveland would go on to defeat the Wizards before being ousted by the Detroit Pistons in the second round . James
Survivor (franchise)
Conspiring to split winnings will result in immediate expulsion from the game . Except for the occasional challenges which involve wrestling or limited combat , any physical violence between players will result in immediate expulsion from the game . At Tribal Council , players are not permitted to vote for themselves , nor can they spoil their ballots or decline to cast a vote . Players must also show whom they voted for to the camera inside the voting booth . Contestants must abide by U.S. law as well as local law . Breaking any of these laws will result in immediate removal from the game . A regular hidden immunity idol can be played after the votes have been cast but before they are read . A special hidden immunity idol can be played after the votes are read . Hidden immunity idols can not be stolen by another player . If a contestant plays the hidden immunity idol , any votes cast for that contestant will not count , and the person with the next largest number of votes will be eliminated . Contestants may not skip any tribal councils , nor can they refuse to participate in any immunity or reward challenge , unless the game offers them the opportunity to do so . This rule was allowed to be broken by Phillip Sheppard in Survivor : Caramoan and by Missy Payne in Survivor : San Juan del Sur ( due to injury ) . Tribe members may not raid or visit the campsite of another tribe unless they are doing so as part of an immunity challenge , reward challenge or tribal merger activity with the other tribe . They also may not visit the TV crew compound . Exceptions to this rule have been made , though , as a result of an accident ( as seen in Survivor : Cook Islands ) or challenge victories . In Survivor : Guatemala one tribe intentionally visited the other to invite them over to lounge in their lake pool . If a contestant becomes seriously injured or sick , the player , fellow contestants , the host , or even the crew filming the players may call in a medical team for help . In some cases , the player can be treated at their camp , but the player may also be deemed unable to participate further by the medical team and then be taken from camp to a medical facility , and removed from the game . Often , the players may decide for themselves whether their health will allow them to continue .
Minnesota Twins
Michael Cuddyer served as the Twins representative at the All - Star game , his first appearance . Bert Blyleven 's number was retired during the season and he was also inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame during the month of July . On August 10 , Nathan recorded his 255th save , passing Rick Aguilera for first place on the franchise 's all - time saves list . On August 15 , Thome hit 599th and 600th home run at Comerica Park to become the eighth player in Major League history to hit 600 home runs , joining Babe Ruth , Willie Mays , Hank Aaron , Barry Bonds , Sammy Sosa , Ken Griffey , Jr. , and Alex Rodriguez . 2012
Lance Franklin
Franklin returned against the Sydney Swans at the SCG in round 22 , kicking four goals in a seven - point come - from - behind victory against the eventual premiers , including three in the second quarter . Franklin played a minor role in the finals series that year , but kicked a goal late in the last quarter of the preliminary final against the Adelaide Crows which sealed the game for the Hawks , allowing them to qualify for the Grand Final against the Sydney Swans , where Franklin kicked three goals in a losing side . Franklin was named in the 2012 All - Australian team , his fourth selection and second as centre half - forward . 2013
History of the Miami Marlins
The team also received encouraging news when injured pitcher Josh Johnson made a fast recovery from Tommy John surgery and Aníbal Sánchez came back from a torn labrum in the shoulder , both leaping into the rotation right away along with newly called up prized prospect Chris Volstad . In addition , the Marlins sent two players , Hanley Ramírez , who started the game at shortstop , and reserve Dan Uggla to the last All - Star Game at Yankee Stadium . The Marlins signed Hanley Ramírez to a 6 - year , $70 million deal , making him the richest Marlin in history .
Lance Franklin
In round 13 , Franklin effectively dragged Hawthorn over the line for a win against their arch - rival in Essendon . He kicked five goals for the match , but his last two were the standouts - the final one in particular , a goal from the boundary line on a tight angle after having run from half - back , which was later chosen as Goal of the Year . Franklin kicked five goals in Round 17 against St Kilda after returning from an ankle injury ; despite his performance , the Saints forced a draw during the final seconds of the match . In round 22 , Franklin kicked six goals against Collingwood , helping the Hawks clinch a three - point come - from - behind victory against the eventual premiers . It was the first time that he had kicked more than five goals since 2008 . Frankin was named as centre half - forward in the 2010 All - Australian team , his second selection . 2011