vania-janet/multiturn-rag-retrieval-data huggingface dataset:
Visa requirements for British citizens
British Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories Visitor to Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes Ascension Island Visa not required 3 months Entry permit must be obtained minimum 28 days in advance . Anguilla Visa not required 3 months British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode . Bermuda Visa not required 6 months British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode . British Antarctic Territory Special permit required British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required British Virgin Islands Visa not required 1 month Extension of stay possible . British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode . Cayman Islands Visa not required 6 months British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode . Falkland Islands Visitor 's permit on arrival 4 weeks The initial visitor 's permit is valid for 4 weeks . Visitors who have a connection with the Falkland Islands have right of abode . Guernsey EU ! Right of abode British citizens have right of abode in the Bailiwick of Guernsey . In Guernsey and Sark , a work or employment permit is not required . In Alderney , a work or employment permit is required for persons without Guernsey ( Alderney ) status . Isle of Man EU ! Right of abode Work or employment permit is required for persons without `` Isle of Man worker '' status . Jersey EU ! Right of abode Work or employment permit is not required . Gibraltar EU ! Right of abode British citizens have right of abode in Gibraltar . Montserrat Visa not required 6 months British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode . Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days Landing fee applies . Saint Helena Entry permit on arrival 183 days The entry permit costs £ 25 and is issued on arrival . South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required ( 72 hours / 1 month for 110 / 160 pounds sterling ) . Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required 90 days British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode . Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15 / 30 pounds sterling ( yacht / ship passenger ) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island , Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands , unless connection with Tristan da Cunha , in which case right of abode .
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 ( the McCarran - Walter Act ) revised the quotas again , basing them on the 1920 census . For the first time in American history , racial distinctions were omitted from the U.S. Code . As could be expected , most of the quota allocation went to immigrants from Ireland , the United Kingdom and Germany who already had relatives in the United States . The anti-subversive features of this law are still in force .
Gun laws in Canada
To purchase a handgun or other restricted firearm , a person must have a restricted possession and acquisition licence ( RPAL ) for restricted firearms .
Visa requirements for British citizens
Visa not required Freedom of movement Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival Visa on arrival only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport . Fiji Visa not required 4 months Finland EU ! Visa not required Freedom of movement France EU ! Visa not required Freedom of movement Gabon e-Visa Must arrive via Libreville International Airport . Gambia Visa not required 90 days Georgia Visa not required 1 year Germany EU ! Visa not required Freedom of movement Ghana Visa required Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival . Greece EU ! Visa not required Freedom of movement Grenada Visa not required 6 months Guatemala Visa not required 90 days Guinea Visa required Guinea - Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival 90 days Guyana Visa not required 3 months Haiti Visa not required 90 days Honduras Visa not required 3 months Hungary EU ! Visa not required Freedom of movement Iceland EU ! Visa not required Freedom of movement India e-Visa 60 days e-Visa holders must arrive via 24 designated airports or 3 designated seaports . Indonesia Visa not required 30 days Iran Visa required Iraq Visa required Visa on arrival for 30 days at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports . Ireland EU ! Visa not required Freedom of movement Israel Visa not required 3 months Italy EU ! Visa not required Freedom of movement Ivory Coast ! Ivory Coast eVisa 3 months eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport . Jamaica Visa not required 180 days Japan Visa not required 90 days May be extended once . Jordan Visa on arrival ! Free visa on arrival Conditions apply Kazakhstan Visa not required 30 days Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival 3 months Kiribati Visa not required 30 days North Korea Visa required South Korea Visa not required 90 days Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival 3 months Kyrgyzstan Visa not required 60 days Laos Visa on arrival 30 days Latvia EU ! Visa not required Freedom of movement Lebanon Visa on arrival 1 month Extendable for 2 additional months ; granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal , holding a telephone number , an address in Lebanon , and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket . Lesotho Visa not required 14 days Liberia Visa required Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival . Libya Visa required Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival . Liechtenstein EU !
Name change
This has occasionally led to controversy . A lawyer named Micheline Montreuil , a non-operative transgender woman , had to undergo a lengthy process to have her name legally changed . Initially , the director of civil status refused to permit the change on the grounds that a legal male could not bear a female name . According to Quebec law , Montreuil could not change her record of sex because this requires proof of a completed sex reassignment surgery , which she has not had . On November 1 , 1999 , the provincial court of appeal ruled that nothing in the law prevented a person who was legally male from legally adopting a woman 's name . ( Montreuil was initially prevented from changing her name despite this ruling on the grounds that she had not established general use , as normally required for a name change ; the Quebec appeals court finally authorized the change on November 7 , 2002 . )
Citizenship
Despite the gains made by African Americans after the Civil War , Native Americans , Asians , and others not considered `` free white persons '' were still denied the ability to become citizens . The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act explicitly denied naturalization rights to all people of Chinese origin , while subsequent acts passed by the US Congress , such as laws in 1906 , 1917 , and 1924 , would include clauses that denied immigration and naturalization rights to people based on broadly defined racial categories . Supreme Court cases such as Ozawa v. United States ( 1922 ) and U.S. v. Bhagat Singh Thind ( 1923 ) , would later clarify the meaning of the phrase `` free white persons , '' ruling that ethnically Japanese , Indian , and other non-European people were not `` white persons '' , and were therefore ineligible for naturalization under U.S. law .
Ecuador
The laws also forbid articles and media messages that could favor or disfavor some political message or candidate . In the first half of 2012 , twenty private TV or radio stations were closed down .
Official bilingualism in Canada
Section 23 also provides , subject only to the `` where numbers warrant '' restriction , a right to French - language schooling for the children of all francophones living outside Quebec , including immigrants from French - speaking countries who settle outside Quebec , and who are Canadian citizens .
Sanctuary city
Arizona , through SB 1070 ( enacted in 2010 ) , requires law enforcement officers to notify federal immigration authorities `` if they develop reasonable suspicion that a person they 've detained or arrested is in the country illegally . ''
Official bilingualism in Canada
Quebec 's educations system provides ESL on a more restricted basis to the children of immigrants and to students who are members of the province 's Francophone majority .
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The clause 's meaning with regard to a child of legal immigrants was tested in United States v. Wong Kim Ark ( 1898 ) . The Supreme Court held that under the Fourteenth Amendment , a man born within the United States to Chinese citizens who have a permanent domicile and residence in the United States and are carrying on business in the United States -- and whose parents were not employed in a diplomatic or other official capacity by a foreign power -- was a citizen of the United States . Subsequent decisions have applied the principle to the children of foreign nationals of non-Chinese descent . Loss
Official bilingualism in Canada
Section 32 of the Official Languages Act authorizes the Governor in Council ( i.e. , the federal cabinet ) to issue regulations that define the geographic regions where the federal government offers services in the relevant minority language ( English in Quebec and French elsewhere ) .
Sanctuary city
Ithaca New York City ( see also illegal immigration to New York City ) Rochester Syracuse New
Visa requirements for British citizens
^ Data for 2014 ^ Data for 2016 ^ Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments . ^ Data for 2013 ^ Data for 2011 ^ Data for arrivals by air only . ^ Data for 2012 ^ Data for 2010 ^ Data for 2009 ^ Data for 2005 ^ Total number includes tourists , business travelers , students , exchange visitors , temporary workers and families , diplomats and other representatives and all other classes of nonimmigrant admissions ( I - 94 ) .
Voting rights in the United States
Legal challenges have continued under the Voting Rights Act , primarily in areas of redistricting and election systems , for instance , challenging at - large election systems that effectively reduce the ability of minority groups to elect candidates of their choice . Such challenges have particularly occurred at the county and municipal level , including for school boards , where exclusion of minority groups and candidates at such levels has been persistent in some areas of the country . This reduces the ability of women and minorities to participate in the political system and gain entry - level experience .
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States
The Fourteenth Amendment , passed in 1868 , protects children born in the United States . The phrase : `` All persons born or naturalized in the United States , and subject to the jurisdiction thereof , are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside '' was interpreted by the Supreme Court in the 1898 case United States v. Wong Kim Ark as covering everyone born in the U.S. to parents who had at the time a permanent domicile and residence in the United States , regardless of the parents ' citizenship , with the exception of the children of diplomats and Native Americans . See the articles jus soli ( birthplace ) and jus sanguinis ( bloodline ) for further discussion .
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States
Congress also banned persons because of poor health or lack of education . An 1882 law banned entry of `` lunatics '' and infectious disease carriers . After President William McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist of immigrant parentage , Congress enacted the Anarchist Exclusion Act in 1901 to exclude known anarchist agitators . A literacy requirement was added in the Immigration Act of 1917 .
First Nations
According to the Indian Act , status Indian women who married men who were not status Indians lost their treaty status , and their children would not get status . However , in the reverse situation , if a status Indian man married a woman who was not a status Indian , the man would keep his status and his children would also receive treaty status . In the 1970s , the Indian Rights for Indian Women and Native Women 's Association of Canada groups campaigned against this policy because it discriminated against women and failed to fulfill treaty promises . They successfully convinced the federal government to change the section of the act with the adoption of Bill C - 31 on June 28 , 1985 . Women who had lost their status and children who had been excluded were then able to register and gain official Indian status . Despite these changes , status Indian women who married men who were not status Indians could pass their status on only one generation : their children would gain status , but ( without a marriage to a full - status Indian ) their grandchildren would not . A status Indian man who married a woman who was not a status Indian retained status as did his children , but his wife did not gain status , nor did his grandchildren .
Gun laws in the United States by state
Subject / Law Long guns Handguns Relevant statutes Notes Permit required to purchase ? Yes Yes A license is required to purchase any firearm or ammunition . Firearm registration ? Yes Yes All firearms must be registered with the Virgin Islands Police Department . Assault weapon law ? Yes Yes Assault weapons and . 50 BMG rifles prohibited . Magazine capacity restriction ? Yes Yes Carry permits required ? No Yes The territory currently has a `` may issue '' policy for concealed carry permits . To obtain one , the applicant must meet a stringent set of requirements , so few people receive permits . Open carry ? No No Open carry is prohibited . NFA weapons restricted ? Yes Yes Automatic firearms and short barreled shotguns are prohibited . Peaceable journey laws ? No No Federal law ( FOPA ) applies .
History of immigration to the United States
In 1986 , the Immigration Reform and Control Act ( IRCA ) was passed , creating , for the first time , penalties for employers who hired illegal immigrants . IRCA , as proposed in Congress , was projected to give amnesty to about 1,000,000 workers in the country illegally . In practice , amnesty for about 3,000,000 immigrants already in the United States was granted . Most were from Mexico . Legal Mexican immigrant family numbers were 2,198,000 in 1980 , 4,289,000 in 1990 ( includes IRCA ) , and 7,841,000 in 2000 . Adding another 12,000,000 illegal immigrants of which about 80 % are thought to be Mexicans would bring the Mexican family total to over 16,000,000 -- about 16 % of the Mexican population .
National identification number
For certain public services the collection or retention of numbers of the general public is not allowed , thus Garda Síochána ( Irish police ) is only given an exemption for its own employees or other people defined under the Immigration Act , 2003 - the latter who are people who are not European Union nationals . Similarly the Irish Defence Forces may only collect and retain the number for their own employees .
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people , including all non-citizens , within its jurisdiction . This clause has been the basis for many decisions rejecting irrational or unnecessary discrimination against people belonging to various groups .
Overview of gun laws by nation
Under the Mexican Constitution , citizens and legal residents have the right to own arms , but may only carry them in accordance with police regulation . Applicants must have a clear criminal record and proven income and residence ( i.e. : can not be homeless ) . New firearms are purchased through the Ministry of Defense . Prohibited weapons include : large - calibre handguns ; shotguns with barrels shorter than 25 inches ( 640 mm ) or bore greater than 12 gauge ; and rifles which are fully automatic or of large calibre . One handgun is permitted for home defense . For hunting and sport shooting , up to nine long guns and one handgun is permitted , requiring membership in a hunting or shooting club . Collectors may be authorized to possess additional and prohibited weapons . A carry licence may be issued to those employed by private security firms , or those who may be targets of crime .
Overview of gun laws by nation
Canada has semi-restrictive firearm laws , stated in the Firearms Act . The possession and acquisition licence ( PAL ) is distributed by the RCMP ( federal police ) and requires taking a firearms safety course and passing a test , a background check , and reference interviews . The PAL allows purchase of most popular sporting rifles and shotguns . A Restricted - PAL ( RPAL ) has an additional course for restricted weapons , which have increased storage requirements . The two main reasons for owning firearms are target shooting and hunting . Carrying firearms for self - defense against human threats is prohibited , but a `` wilderness carry permit '' can be obtained for protection against wild animals .
Legal working age
) 16 : ( Persons over 16 years but less than 18 years , has most of the rights and obligations as workers age . However , you will not be able to work in harmful conditions - including noise , cramped quarters and with toxic substances . ) 18 : ( Unrestricted ) Norway 13 : ( People aged over 13 but under 15 years of age may be employed only for light work that does not endanger the health , development , and does not interfere with learning . ) 15 : ( Restricted working hours and the type of work . ) 18 : ( Unrestricted ) Poland None : ( Cultural and artistic field ) 16 : ( Light work only ) 18 : ( Unrestricted ) Portugal 16 : ( Restricted working hours and the type of work . ) 18 : ( Unrestricted ) Russia None : ( Artistic field only . Must have parental permission . Restricted working hours and shortened working week , must not interfere with school education or violate public morality ) 14 : ( Light work only . Must have parental permission . Restricted working hours and shortened working week , must not interfere with school education ) 16 : ( Light work only . Full school education required . Restricted working hours ) 18 : Unrestricted Serbia 18 Spain None : Artistic activities with parental permission and a specific authorization of the labor department . 16 : Parental permission is required . 18 : Unrestricted Sweden None : ( Only artistic field and some light risk free jobs . Must have parent permission . Restricted working hours and shortened working week . ) 13 : ( Light work only . Must have parent permission . Restricted working hours and shortened working week . ) 16 : ( Light work only . Restricted working hours ) 18 : ( Unrestricted ) Switzerland Age 13 : ( Must have parental permission ; only easy work ) During school weeks : Maximum 3 hours per day ; and 9 hours per week . During non-school weeks : Maximum 8 hours per day ; and 40 hours per week . Age 15 : ( Must have parental permission ) Maximum 9 hours per day ; and 45 -- 50 hours per week . Working maximum until 8 p.m. Age 16 : Minimum age to serve someone in restaurants , café or hotels . Minimum age to work in a circus or cinema .
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibited state and municipal governments from denying access to public facilities on grounds of race , color , religion or national origin .
Uluru
The Aṉangu also request that visitors do not photograph certain sections of Uluru , for reasons related to traditional Tjukurpa beliefs . These areas are the sites of gender - linked rituals and are forbidden ground for Aṉangu of the opposite sex to those participating in the rituals in question . The photographic restriction is intended to prevent Aṉangu from inadvertently violating this taboo by encountering photographs of the forbidden sites in the outside world .
Saudi Arabia
Foreign Muslims who have resided in the kingdom for ten years may apply for Saudi citizenship . ( Priority is given to holders of degrees in various scientific fields , and exception made for Palestinians who are excluded unless married to a Saudi national , because of Arab League instructions barring the Arab states from granting them citizenship . ) Saudi Arabia is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention .
Overview of gun laws by nation
Greece has strict gun control . Private citizens are forbidden from owning rifles in any calibre . Only shotguns ( limited to 3 - round capacity ) and handguns are allowed , and these require a licence issued by provincial police . To purchase handguns , citizens must either have a concealed - carry permit or a target - shooting permit . There is no limit to the number of shotguns owned , and there is no license - check or record kept for ammunition purchases . Hungary
Migration in China
Early in 2003 , China has issued an announcement on migration management and pays much attention on migrant children 's education . The government mainly focused on possible financial reform , encouraged public schools to admit more migrant children , forbade extra fees and sponsored migrant - sponsored schools . The announcement noted equal access to education , elimination of sponsorship fees and the government funding for migrant - sponsored schools . In September 2003 , a joint directive declared that urban governments and public schools should be responsible for migrant children 's equal access to education .
Overview of gun laws by nation
Private citizens Personal protection Open carry Concealed carry Carry without permit Fully automatic firearms Unlimited magazine Free of checks Free of registration Max penalty ( years ) Argentina Yes -- shall issue Yes -- shall issue No May issue -- specific reason needed No No No 3 years ; 6 for prohibited weapons Australia Yes -- shall issue , must have a specific reason No No No No No varies by state No No up to life imprisonment Austria ( EU ) Yes -- shall issue Yes -- shall issue May issue -- restricted May issue -- restricted No May issue -- restricted No No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes -- may issue Yes -- may issue Yes -- may issue Yes -- may issue No No Brazil Yes -- may issue Yes -- may issue May issue -- restricted May issue -- restricted No No No No Canada Yes -- shall issue May issue -- restricted No May issue -- restricted No No ( apart pre-1976 ) No No non-restricted only 10 Chile Yes -- may issue May issue -- restricted May issue -- restricted May issue -- restricted May issue -- restricted No No 10 China May issue -- restricted No No No No No No No 3 ( minimum ) Private citizens Personal protection Open carry Concealed carry Carry without permit Fully automatic firearms Unlimited magazine Free of checks Free of registration Max penalty ( years ) Cyprus ( EU ) Yes -- shotguns only Yes -- shotguns only May issue -- restricted No No No No No Czech Republic ( EU ) Yes -- shall issue Yes -- shall issue Professionals only Yes -- shall issue No May issue -- restricted Yes No No Denmark ( EU ) Yes -- may issue
History of immigration to the United States
The failed 1956 Hungarian Revolution , before being crushed by the Soviets , forged a temporary hole in the Iron Curtain that allowed a burst of refugees to escape , bringing in 245,000 new Hungarian families by 1960 . From 1950 to 1960 , the U.S. had 2,515,000 new immigrants with 477,000 arriving from Germany , 185,000 from Italy , 52,000 new arrivals from the Netherlands , 203,000 from the UK , 46,000 from Japan , 300,000 from Mexico , and 377,000 from Canada .
Paterson, New Jersey
Same - sex couples headed 290 households in 2010 , a decline from the 349 counted in 2000 .
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States
Individual components of various reform packages have been separately introduced and pursued in the Congress . The DREAM Act is a bill initially introduced in 2001 , incorporated in the various comprehensive reform bills , and then separately reintroduced in 2009 and 2010 . The bill would provide legal residency and a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants who graduate from U.S. high schools and attend college or join the military .