A Framework for Next Generation Interactive and Immersive DES Models This paper explores the need for new visualisation modes to better enable interaction with increasingly complex and sophisticated Discrete Event Simulation (DES) models. In this research an initial framework for interactive and immersive DES models is put forward along with an extended framework, which takes account of the potential of streaming data from production lineshop floor sensor networks. The initial framework is illustrated by a test case involving the modelling of a maintenance and repair facility. A visualisation metaphor is provided as an illustration of an extended framework, and its potential operation as an interactive visualisation component within a Digital Twin for manufacturing.

The Digital Twin as a Service Enabler: From the Service Ecosystem to the Simulation Model This paper investigates the concept of the digital twin as an enabler for smart services in the context of the servitization of manufacturing. In particular, a concept is developed and proposed for the derivation of appropriate simulation models starting from the model of the service ecosystem. To do so, smart industrial services are analyzed from the point of view of their value proposition. Next, the role of the digital twin as an enabler for these services is analyzed and structured in a multilayer architecture. Hybrid simulation approaches are identified as suitable for building simulation models for this architecture. Finally, a procedural endtoend approach for developing a simulation based digital twin departing from the service ecosystem is proposed.