Energy efficient routing algorithm in wireless body area networks for smart wearable patches Abstract   Presently most of the applications in Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBAN) demandeffective communication processes,which is used to monitor the data in a remote manner according to the demand and timely manner for wearable systems. The data have been transmitted through the sensor networks among smart wearabledevices which help to analyze the varioussecurity threats. The data transmission using sensor networks of smart wearablepatchesmay consumes more energy which leads to minimize the entire network lifetime as well as toreduce the data transmission quality. Even though the network transmits the data with effective manner, the data has been aggregated from different sources via common aggregators in the smart wearable patches. At the time of the aggregation process, network lifetime needs to be managed for further data analyzes process. So, in this research the lifetime of the network has been managed by applying the opportunistic energyefficient routing with load balancing (OE2LB) algorithm which eliminates the data aggregation delay as well as avoid routing loops with effective manner for the smart wearablepatches. Then the efficiency of the system has been validated in terms of network lifetime, delay, error metrics, Energy efficiency andthroughput of the network.

Power Aware Reliable Lightweight (PARL) Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are evolving as a popular choice for a wide range of monitoring applications that prerequisite reliable network layer operations. However, the resource (such as energy, storage, computational capacity etc.) constrained nodes impose inherent challenges to the design approach. In addition, the communications may take place over multiple mediums based on the type of the communicating nodes and thus the channel conditions have significant impact on the performance as well. Moreover, the link quality may suffer due to relative node movements as a result of posture change. Hence, choosing optimal transmission power that provides a tradeoff between reliable data communication and energy draining is another aspect of designing solution. Hence, in this paper a lightweight routing approach is proposed that ensures reliable data delivery to the sink with minimal overhead so that the protocol could be readily implemented in resource constrained networks like WBAN. Transmission power for each data communication is chosen adaptively based on the energy resource and the channel conditions. The protocol has been simulated in Castalia simulator and compared with the state of the art WBAN routing protocol.