Defining Effort Indicators to Retrospectively Assess Engineering Change Information The engineering change management becomes increasingly important in modern product development. Since the amount of changes, the complexity as well as the cost of engineering changes increases due to the complexity of technical systems, an efficient handling of changes is crucial. Hence, a systematic approach to investigate the engineering change management regarding the effort distribution within the technical system allows to increase transparency for optimizing the change handling. This paper therefore introduces effort indicators to investigate a technical system regarding its proneness to change effort. Hence, it defines indicators which enable an assessment of engineering change effort. Furthermore, it describes an approach to calculate the indicators based on past engineering change data by using network analysis.

Assessing the Complexity of LargeScale Engineering Projects Complexity, an intuitively understood concern for project management practitioners, is often associated with the difficulty of managing projects. The literature suggests that many contemporary projects tend to display the dimensions of complexity such as multivariance, nonlinearity and emergence. Researchers have also proposed multiple frameworks and methodologies to define, identify and measure project complexity. However, the adoption of these frameworks by practitioners is hindered by the lack of a reliable means to classify projects based on their complexity in a practically useful way. This paper aims to address this gap by proposing an approach to identify indicators of project complexity. This approach allows project managers to identify potential causes of complexity in the planning phase of a project with an understanding of the areas of vulnerability. Moreover, they would be able to foresee how complexity manifests during the execution phase of a project and act upon to deal with associated challenges through proactive and reactive measures.