Optimal Pricing Strategy of Environmental Patent Transaction Under Asymmetric Information With the customersu0027 increasing awareness of environment protection, the manufacturers are motivated to purchase green patent from the patent owner to develop green products to response this trend. However, it remains some challenging issues to be further studied, e.g., how to purchase the patent in case that the manufacturer does not know its actual function (it may be a higher or a relative lower environmental patent)? What is the optimal configuration of the payments (i.e., the combination of the fixed fee and the unit fee)? The paper focuses on this issue and proposes two contracts to explore the patent transaction: the pooling contract and the screening contract. The analyses show two interesting findings: firstly, compared with the pooling contract, the screening contract can catch the true status of the patent. Secondly, compared with the performance of the pooling contract, the manufacturer can enjoy more profits by implementing the screening contract.

External or Internal Cooperation? Patenting Activities and Cooperative Structures in the Chinese ICT Sector Despite abundant studies on patent cooperation, few have carefully studied the structure and modes. Taking advantage of the patents granted by the State Intellectual Property Office of the Peopleu0027s Republic of China from 2007 to 2017, this paper revealed the overall situation of patent cooperation, shedding light on the patent cooperation patterns of listed companies. It shows that the size of patent cooperation network in the ICT industry demonstrates a significantly increasing trend, among which, leaders in the industry have formed their own clusters, with the networks having the smallworld characteristics. Moreover, four structures of patent cooperation are summarized in the paper: (1) Minimum cooperation;(2) External oriented cooperation;(3) Internal oriented cooperation;(4) Compound cooperation.