Using temporal EEG signal decomposition to identify specific neurophysiological correlates of distractorresponse bindings proposed by the theory of event coding Abstract   The ability to cope with distracting information is a major requirement for goaldirected behavior. It is particularly challenged when distracting information is either potentially relevant or temporally close to goaldirect responses, resulting in socalled distractorresponse bindings. According to the theory of event coding (TEC), distractorresponse bindings should be reflected by processes in the event file, but not in object file (which stores stimulus features) or the action file (which stores response features). But even though the predictions of this theory are quite elaborated, their electrophysiological underpinnings and the associated functional neuroanatomical structures have remained largely elusive. To examine this, we used a distractorresponse binding paradigm in combination with temporal EEG signal decomposition (RIDE) and source localization techniques. We showed that distractorresponse binding effects are exclusively evident in the N450 time window of the central Ccluster. Source reconstructions revealed that distractor response binding effects were associated with brain regions involved in updating internal representations by using taskrelevant information to decide on response execution (temporoparietal junction, BA40), alongside with brain regions involved in conflict resolution processes (right middle frontal gyrus, BA8). Our results suggest that RIDE can be used to dissociate binding processes from stimulus and responserelated processes. On top of this, the results of EEG decomposition match the key assumption of the TEC, that distractorresponse bindings occur in event files, but not in object or action files. The results show how cognitivetheoretical frameworks, such as TEC, can directly be mapped onto the underlying neurophysiological processes using EEG signal decomposition.

A realtime marker of objectbased attention in the human brain. A possible component of a xe2x80x9cgatekeeping mechanismxe2x80x9d performing late attentional selection in the VentroLateral Prefrontal Cortex Abstract   The decision to process an incoming stimulus attentively  and to trigger a followup cascade of highlevel processes  is strategic for the human brain as it becomes transiently unavailable to subsequent stimulus processing. In this study, we set to identify brain networks that carry out such evaluations. We therefore assessed the timecourse of neural responses with intracerebral EEG in human patients during an attentional reading task, contrasting tobeattended vs. tobeignored items. We measured HighFrequency Activity 50xe2x80x93150xe2x80xafHz as a proxy of populationlevel spiking activity and we identified a crucial component of a GateKeeping Mechanism bilateral in the midVentroLateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC), at the interplay of the Ventral and Dorsal Attention Networks, that selectively reacts before domain specialized cortical regions that engage in full stimulus analysis according to task demands.