The Concepts of Modularization in ICT Service Modeling The use of architectures and modularity are key theoretical concepts helping to manage the design of complex products. We propose that those theoretical concepts can also be applied to information and communication technology (ICT) service modeling. Conceptual service models represent how we understand an ICT serviceu0027s structure, definition, and scope. As service modeling demonstrates resource requirements for ICT service operations, a conceptual model is a prerequisite for knowledge management and competitive advantage, according to the resourcebased view of the firm. This explorative case study investigates how the concepts of modularization are represented in conceptual ICT models. We found that ICT service modeling makes use of basic modularity principles such as the modularization of the service components. Without the representation of interfaces, practitioners and researchers may not be able to leverage the suggested benefits of modularity.

From Product to Service Business: Productization of ProductOriented, UseOriented, and ResultOriented Business Companies considering a shift from manufacturing and selling physical products to selling services face several questions on service structure and repeatability. The current and potential offerings should be compared in the light of commercial and technical portfolio. The commercial offering visible to the customer needs to be productized and linked to the technical structure for services, including the needed processes and resources. From the financial viewpoint, the cost of delivering the offering should be known to be able to set a profitable price. Productization through a common product structure that acknowledges the commercial and technical views could be used as a tool to clarify the current and potential offerings and transform them into systematic and repeatable form that is comparable. The present study provides an example of using this kind of product structure to model a physical product offered as part of productoriented, useoriented, and resultoriented productservice systems. The presented product structure logic enables companies to clarify the offering, describe the processes and resources needed for delivering the offering, and evaluate its profitability.