On Modeling the Effects of Auditory Annoyance on Driving Style and Passenger Comfort Despite the impressive progress being made in autonomous vehicles, human drivers will remain ubiquitous in the imminent years. Therefore, intelligent hybrid vehicular systems must be aware of the interactions between humans and the environment (e.g., sound, vibration, speed, etc.). In this paper, we evaluate the effect of acoustic annoyance on drivers in a realworld driving study. We found significant differences in driving styles elicited by annoying acoustics and present an online classifier that uses onboard inertial measurement unit measurements to distinguish whether a driver is annoyed with 77% accuracy. Moreover, we directly measured the forces applied on the passenger with a pressure mat lined on the car seat, and empirically confirm that our proposed passenger dynamics model is reasonable. However, due to our acoustically induced driving styles not being polarizing enough, we were unable to show that passengersxe2x80x99 selfreported ride comfort changed with acoustic annoyance.

Investigation of the driverxe2x80x99s seat that displays future vehicle motion Automated driving reduces the burden on the driver, however also makes it difficult for the driver to understand the current situation and predict the future movement of the vehicle. When the acceleration due to automated driving occurs without future prediction, the driverxe2x80x99s anxiety and discomfort are increased compared to the case in manual driving. To facilitate the prediction of the future behavior of the vehicle by the driver, this paper aims to design and evaluate a haptic interface that actuates the vehicle seat. Our system displays to the driver the movement of the vehicle a few seconds in the future, which allows the driver to make predictions and preparations. Using a driving simulator, we compared the conditions where the movement of the car was displayed in advance for the length of different time. The subjective evaluation of the driver showed that the predictability of the behavior of the vehicle were significantly increased compared to the case without display. The experiment also showed that comfortable feeling significantly decreased if the preceding display is too early.