Learning from the Nature: Enabling the Transition Towards Circular Economy Through Biomimicry The natural biosphere operates according to a system of nutrients and metabolisms, in which there is no such thing as waste. Forming an eternal cycle, which iteratively recycles its major nutrients. This objective is what many industrial organizations aim for by closing industrial material and product loops in the Technosphere. In doing so industrial organisations aim to drive sustainability, ensure supply resilience and explore new financial revenue streams. Unlike the biosphere, the technosphere is immature, often failing to prove financial vitality and hence scalability. This paper utilizes biomimicry to cross fertilize natural intelligence, which evolved over millions of years. Biological organism ensures vitality (surplus of calories) by foraging for food, a process, which contains continuous search and digestion processes, optimized to environmental conditions through evolution. This paper explores how biological search and digestion strategies can be exploited in industrial product takeback systems to make informed decisions for maximizing industrial vitality (surplus of financial income).

In pursuit of the framework behind the biosphere: Scurves, selfassembly and the genetic entropy paradox Abstract   The origins, evolution and functioning of the Biosphere have occupied humankind for as long as recorded history has existed. In this paper we examine the claims of thermodynamics to be the framework within which we can understand the evolution, functioning and development of the Biosphere, exploring the evidence from ecology, molecular science and evolutionary biology, and particularly focussing upon the maximum entropy production principle (MEPP), and its explanatory potential in terms of many of the logistic relationships found within the Biosphere. We introduce the genetic entropy paradox, where the DNA increases in terms of internal information entropy, as the genetic code is continuously randomized through mutation, and yet this leads to increasing external entropy production, as increasingly more complicated structures and functions are produced in the form of new protein morphologies and metabolic pathways (again determined by the bioenergetic context). We suggest that the central dogma acts as a form of entropy exchange mechanism, but at the core of this is change in information entropy, which increases within the genetic code, and decreases within the organism. This would appear to be a truly unique event, and highlights a key interaction between two levels of organization within the Biosphere, the genome and the proteome, in terms of entropy production. The Biosphere is seen as being composed of a series of selforganizing subgroups, each maximizing entropy production within the constraints of time, feedback and system constraints. The entropic production of the Biosphere is thus an emergent property.