Beyond connected cars: A systems of systems perspective Abstract   The automotive domain is rapidly changing in the last years. Among the different challenges OEMs (i.e. the vehicle manufacturers) are facing, vehicles are evolving into systems of systems. In fact, over the last years vehicles have evolved from disconnected and xe2x80x9cblindxe2x80x9d systems to systems that are (i) able to sense the surrounding environment and (ii) connected with other vehicles, the city, pedestrians, cyclists, etc. Future transportation systems can be seen as a System of Systems (SoS). In an SoS, constituent systems, i.e. the units that compose an SoS, can act as standalone systems, but their cooperation enables new emerging and promising scenarios. While this trend creates new opportunities, it also poses a risk to compromise key qualities such as safety, security, and privacy.  In this paper we focus on the automotive domain and we investigate how to engineer and architect cars in order to build them as constituents of future transportation systems. Our contribution is an architectural viewpoint for System of Systems, which we demonstrate based on an automotive example. Moreover, we contribute a functional reference architecture for cars as constituents of an SoS. This reference architecture can be considered as an imprinting for the implementations that would be devised in specific projects and contexts. We also point out the necessity for a collaboration among different OEMs and with other relevant stakeholders, such as road authorities and smart cities, to properly engineer systems of systems composed of cars, trucks, roads, pedestrians, etc. This work is realized in the context of two Swedish projects coordinated by Volvo Cars and involving some universities and research centers in Sweden and many suppliers of the OEM, including Autoliv, Arccore, Combitech, Cybercom, Knowit, Prevas, AFTechnology, Semcom, and Qamcom.

Automated reasoning framework for traceability management of system of systems Abstract   An important aspect in system of systems (SoS) is the realization of the capabilities in different systems that work together. Identifying and locating these capabilities are important to orchestrate the overall activities and hereby to achieve the overall goal of the SoS. System elements and capabilities in SoS however, are rarely stable and need to evolve in different ways and different times in accordance with the changing requirements. To manage the SoS and cope with its evolution it is necessary that the dependency links to the capabilities and the system elements can be easily traced. Several approaches have been proposed to model traceability and reason about these by extending a predetermined set of possible trace links with fixed semantics. However, for the context of SoS a fixed traceability model with fixed traceability semantics is limited to consider the various different and changing scenarios. In this article, we first present the different traceability requirements for managing traceability in the context of SoS. Subsequently, we present the metamodel and the corresponding domain specific language to support modeling traceability and traceability analysis approaches within the evolving SoS context. Further, we provide the tool support for automated reasoning of traceability of SoS capabilities and system elements. We illustrate and discuss the approach for the application to a smart city SoS.