Indoor Trajectory Reconstruction of Walking, Jogging, and Running Activities Based on a FootMounted Inertial Pedestrian DeadReckoning System The evaluation of trajectory reconstruction of the human body obtained by footmounted Inertial Pedestrian DeadReckoning (IPDR) methods has usually been carried out in controlled environments, with very few participants and limited to walking. In this study, a pipeline for trajectory reconstruction using a footmounted IPDR system is proposed and evaluated in two large datasets containing activities that involve walking, jogging, and running, as well as movements such as side and backward strides, sitting, and standing. First, stride segmentation is addressed using a multisubsequence Dynamic Time Warping method. Then, detection of ToeOff and MidStance is performed by using two new algorithms. Finally, stride length and orientation estimation are performed using a Zero Velocity Update algorithm empowered by a complementary Kalman filter. As a result, the ToeOff detection algorithm reached an Fscore between 90% and 100% for activities that do not involve stopping, and between 71% and 78% otherwise. Resulting return position errors were in the range of 0.5% to 8.8% for nonstopping activities and 8.8% to 27.4% otherwise. The proposed pipeline is able to reconstruct indoor trajectories of people performing activities that involve walking, jogging, running, side and backward walking, sitting, and standing.

IART: Inertial Assistant Referee and Trainer for Race Walking This paper presents IART, a novel inertial wearable system for automatic detection of infringements and analysis of sports performance in race walking. IART algorithms are developed from raw inertial measurements collected by a single sensor located at the bottom of the vertebral column (L5xe2x80x93S1). Two novel parameters are developed to estimate infringements: loss of ground contact time and loss of ground contact step classification; three classic parameters are indeed used to estimate performance: step length ratio, step cadence, and smoothness. From these parameters, five biomechanical indices customized for elite athletes are derived. The experimental protocol consists of four repetitions of a straight path of 300 m on a longpaved road, performed by nine elite athletes. Over a total of 1620 steps (54 sequences of 30 steps each), the average accuracy of correct detection of loss of ground contact events is equal to 99%, whereas the correct classification of the infringement is equal to 87% for each step sequence, with a 92% of acceptable classifications. A great emphasis is dedicated on the usercentered development of IART: an intuitive radar chart representation is indeed developed to provide practical usability and interpretation of IART indices from the athletes, coaches, and referees perspectives. The results of IART, in terms of accuracy of its indices and usability from endusers, are encouraging for its usage as tool to support athletes and coaches in training and referees in real competitions.