Optimized ClusterBased Dynamic EnergyAware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture Precision Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming one of the demanding platforms, where sensor nodes are sensing and monitoring the physical or environmental conditions and transmit the data to the base station via multihop routing. Agriculture sector also adopted these networks to promote innovations for environmental friendly farming methods, lower the management cost, and achieve scientific cultivation. Due to limited capabilities, the sensor nodes have suffered with energy issues and complex routing processes and lead to data transmission failure and delay in the sensorbased agriculture fields. Due to these limitations, the sensor nodes near the base station are always relaying on it and cause extra burden on base station or going into useless state. To address these issues, this study proposes a Gateway Clustering EnergyEfficient Centroid (GCEEC) based routing protocol where cluster head is selected from the centroid position and gateway nodes are selected from each cluster. Gateway node reduces the data load from cluster head nodes and forwards the data towards the base station. Simulation has performed to evaluate the proposed protocol with stateoftheart protocols. The experimental results indicated the better performance of proposed protocol and provide more feasible WSNbased monitoring for temperature, humidity, and illumination in agriculture sector.

An optimal clustering algorithm based distanceaware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN) consist of low power devices that are deployed at different geographical isolated areas to monitor physical event. Sensors are arranged in clusters. Each cluster assigns a specific and vital node which is known as a cluster head (CH). Each CH collects the useful information from its sensor member to be transmitted to a sink or Base Station (BS). Sensor have implemented with limited batteries (1.5V) that cannot have replaced. To resolve this issue and improve network stability, the proposed scheme adjust the transmission range between CHs and their members. The proposed approach is evaluated via simulation experiments and compared with some references existing algorithms. Our protocol seemed improved performance in terms of extended lifetime and achieved more than 35% improvements in terms of energy consumption