An Adversarial Approach for the Robust Classification of Pneumonia from Chest Radiographs. While deep learning has shown promise in the domain of disease classification from medical images, models based on stateoftheart convolutional neural network architectures often exhibit performance loss due to dataset shift. Models trained using data from one hospital system achieve high predictive performance when tested on data from the same hospital, but perform significantly worse when they are tested in different hospital systems. Furthermore, even within a given hospital system, deep learning models have been shown to depend on hospital and patientlevel confounders rather than meaningful pathology to make classifications. In order for these models to be safely deployed, we would like to ensure that they do not use confounding variables to make their classification, and that they will work well even when tested on images from hospitals that were not included in the training data. We attempt to address this problem in the context of pneumonia classification from chest radiographs. We propose an approach based on adversarial optimization, which allows us to learn more robust models that do not depend on confounders. Specifically, we demonstrate improved outofhospital generalization performance of a pneumonia classifier by training a model that is invariant to the view position of chest radiographs (anteriorposterior vs. posterioranterior). Our approach leads to better predictive performance on external hospital data than both a standard baseline and previously proposed methods to handle confounding, and also suggests a method for identifying models that may rely on confounders. Code available at this https URL.

Optimized CNNbased Diagnosis System to Detect the Pneumonia from Chest Radiographs Pneumonia is a high mortality disease that kills 50, 000 people in the United States each year. Children under the age of 5 and older population over the age of 65 are susceptible to serious cases of pneumonia. The United States spend billions of dollars fighting pneumoniarelated infections every year. Early detection and intervention are crucial in treating pneumonia related infections. Since chest xray is one of the simplest and cheapest methods to diagnose pneumonia, we propose a deep learning algorithm based on convolutional neural networks to identify and classify pneumonia cases from these images. For all three models implemented, we obtained varying classification results and accuracy. Based on the results, we obtained better prediction with average accuracy of (68%) and average specificity of (69%) in contrast to the current stateoftheart accuracy that is (51%) using the Visual Geometry Group (VGG16 also called OxfordNet), which is a convolutional neural network architecture developed by the Visual Geometry Group of Oxford. By implementing more novel lung segmentation techniques, reducing over fitting, and adding more learning layers, the proposed model has the potential to predict at higher accuracy than human specialists and will help subsidies and reduce the cost of diagnosis across the globe.