L3 and L7driven Dynamic Throughput Balancing over Cellular Networks Broadcast of live sports and events often requires the coverage of a wide area and portable transmission units for the mobile cameras. In this context, the mobile network aspires to be a professional tool companion for media production to boost mobility and alleviate costs, space and specialist maintenance of satellite equipment. Transmission of live high quality captured video and graphic design to a cloud or distant studio production infrastructure requires high uplink data rates. However, steady and reliable communications are challenging for the network in disperse, distant and sparse areas. This context may need bonding multiple cellular links to ensure a sufficient Quality of Service (QoS). Video uplink solutions at different network layers can shield from QoS degradation. Communications industry solution for IP bonding consists on having different LongTerm Evolution (LTE) network interfaces with several Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards on the device which transmits the live stream, then having network redundancy. This paper provides an innovative method to dynamically balance the throughput for each concurrently employed network interface in realtime at the live video transmitter. The solution exploits live measurements obtained from the network layer (L3), such as network bandwidth, latency and jitter, which are periodically assessed along the video transmission, and application layer (L7) state, such as the encoding Group Of Pictures (GOP) schema, frame type and framerate, to split the video packets in the different network interfaces. The evaluation of the solution is made for a headend implementation by sending live video streams and measuring the QoS at the production infrastructure. To conclude the benefits when the solution comes into play, results are compared to a scenario without bonding solutions and another one where balance rates are initially fixed.

Multitier EdgetoCloud Architecture for Adaptive Video Delivery In the last few years, there has been a rapid proliferation of a wide range of realtime video services and applications. These technologies flood the wireless systems with video content on a daily basis. As a result of this sharp increase in video traffic, the prospect of errors due to network interference and congestion rises. Incidentally, the adoption of the 5th generation of wireless systems (5G) will allow this growth to be even greater due to its high bandwidth capacity and low latency. However, even with these improvements on the wireless capabilities, a reliable and highquality video transmission still imposes several challenges, such as how to handle a large number of heterogeneous devices and how to better use the resourcericher Edge, Fog, and Cloud computing sources to meet the useru0027s requirements. To overcome these issues, this work proposes a multitier video delivery architecture relying upon several technologies such as Multiaccess Edge computing (MEC), 5G slices, and microservice placementchaining. Furthermore, to assess the proposed idea an experimental proofofconcept testbed of the multitier architecture was designed, implemented, and evaluated using realworld tools and actual video sequences. The results obtained supported our claim that a multitier video delivery system is feasible and can greatly benefit the endusers.