Evaluation of AppearanceBased Methods and Implications for GazeBased Applications Appearancebased gaze estimation methods that only require an offtheshelf camera have significantly improved but they are still not yet widely used in the humancomputer interaction (HCI) community. This is partly because it remains unclear how they perform compared to modelbased approaches as well as dominant, specialpurpose eye tracking equipment. To address this limitation, we evaluate the performance of stateoftheart appearancebased gaze estimation for interaction scenarios with and without personal calibration, indoors and outdoors, for different sensing distances, as well as for users with and without glasses. We discuss the obtained findings and their implications for the most important gazebased applications, namely explicit eye input, attentive user interfaces, gazebased user modelling, and passive eye monitoring. To democratise the use of appearancebased gaze estimation and interaction in HCI, we finally present OpenGaze (www.opengaze.org), the first software toolkit for appearancebased gaze estimation and interaction.

Design and Evaluation of an Opensource Gazecontrolled GUI for Webbrowsing Nowadays, motorimpaired people with LockedIn Syndrome (LIS) use eyetracking technology to write and to access the web through commands generated by the detection of gaze movements and fixations on a graphical user interface (GUI). However, novel GUI concepts must be designed to further ease the control offered by eyetracking, making it more responsive and less tiresome. This paper presents and evaluates an opensource standalone GUI design, SightWeb, that fully and easily controls a web browser through gaze movements without any page analysis. Its temporary menu centered in the area of action allows for reduced eye saccade and mental workload. SightWeb was evaluated against a stateoftheart eye tracking based web interface (The Grid 3 by Thinksmartbox). The results (gaze movements, execution times, user experience questionnaire scores) suggest that SightWeb is quicker to learn and to use, more appreciated and less tiring than a traditional assistive GUI. This shows that the system can be, not only an improved interface for patients, but also an instrumental piece of software for researchers working in related areas.