Scratch and Arduino for Effectively Developing Programming and ComputingElectronic Competences in Primary School Children Programming and designing computingelectronic solutions imply complex competences, which usually demand to restructure previous thinking and problemsolving knowledge. Both programming and computingelectronic design solutions ask for stepbystep thinking, and also being cautious regarding involved hardware items for the second one. Designing computingelectronic solutions is a nontrivial task since it unifies both worlds, even though platforms such as Arduino notably simplify that development. This article describes experiences of programming and computingelectronic teaching to a group of primary school children in ValparaisoChile by the use of Scratch and Tinkercad for the goal of developing programming and Arduinobased computingelectronic competences in school children. The obtained results demonstrate that children can effectively develop programming and computingelectronic theoretical and practical skills. These results also show that students can get abilities and enthusiasm to know more advanced skills and applications concerning sensing systems. Thus, programming and electronics can motivate the learning process in children. (Abstract)

Robotito: programming robots from preschool to undergraduate school level Computational thinking is a skill that is considered essential for the future generations. Because of this it should be incorporated into the curricula as soon as possible. Many robots can be programmed using graphical languages or physical blocks instead of writing code. This makes programming more accessible for the youngest programmers. Looking to extend the programming activities to preschool students, we present a novel approach that allows to program a mobile robot, Robotito, by changing its environment. We describe the architecture of Robotito, software used to program its interaction with the environment, and developed behaviours. Moreover, Robotito exports his sensors and actuators using ROS standard mechanisms and is modelled in Gazebo allowing it to be used in research and undergraduate school courses providing researchers an autonomous and safety mobile platform, which can be integrated with any system using ROS.