Performance Gap Between Valid and Invalid Patents in Six Technology Fields In past studies, it has often been assumed that valid patents are related to the quality of patents. However, whether the quality of valid patents is higher than that of invalid patents is yet to be verified. This study uses three indicators, namely the citations per patent, science linkage, and patent breadth, to explore whether a performance gap exists between valid and invalid patents. First, valid and invalid patents from the whole United States Patent and Trademark Office data are analyzed. Then, we further examine whether a performance gap exists between valid and invalid patents in six technical fields. The results indicate that a performance gap exists between valid and invalid patents. The detailed reasons for this gap should be studied in the future.

Investigating Problems of Research and Development of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Japan Japan is behind the United States in industrialization of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Thus, we must clarify the problems with AI research and development (Ru0026D) in Japan. In the field of technology management, many studies have examined Ru0026D activities using scientific papers or patent data, which represent the output of basic research and applied research, respectively. We attempt to reveal problem with the Ru0026D of AI technology in Japan by analyzing data pertaining to patents and scientific papers, focusing on the linkage between basic and applied research. We demonstrate that Japan is weak in terms of patent clusters with no related to paper clusters. In addition, regarding patent clusters that are related to one or more paper clusters, we demonstrate that Japan has both strengths and weaknesses in these fields. Our findings could provide suggestions for Ru0026D strategy and policy related to AI.