Towards IEC 61499 Based Distributed Intelligent Automation: Design and Computing Perspectives The IEC 61499 standard has been proposed for development of nextgeneration industrial automation systems to support portability, interoperability, and configurability. Compared with the traditional IEC 611313 standard, it provides an open reference architecture with some key features: objectoriented modeling by using function blocks as basic elements, and eventdriven execution by using dataevents as inputoutput. Recently IEC 61499 has been integrated with its enabling technologies to realize distributed intelligent automation for industrial cyberphysical systems. In this paper, two perspectives are provided through analysis of recent research: a) design paradigms for IEC 61499, including objectoriented design, componentbased design, and serviceoriented architecture; and b) computing paradigms for IEC 61499, including distributed intelligence, autonomic computing, and cloud computing. Future research trends are also outlined as a conclusion.

Implementation of state transition models in IEC 61499 and its use for recognition and selection of sequences of events and objects Efficient application of modelbased software design methodologies in industrial automation requires methods and tools for automatic code generation. Formal models can be especially useful to avoid ambiguity, to verify and evaluate performance, which ultimately will improve the quality and reliability of the project and lead to lower design costs. This paper proposes methods for implementing statetransition formal models, such as finite state and pushdown automata, as well as extended Petri nets (Anets) by means of IEC 61499 function blocks. These implementation approaches can be used in the design of industrial cyberphysical systems for monitoring, diagnostics, conformance checking, detection and selection of specified sequences of events and parameterized objects from an input stream. One of the proposed applications is illustrated using an example of an assembly process with LEGO blocks.