IoT Protocols for Lowpower Massive IoT: A Communication Perspective The constantly growing number of resourcelimited MTC (MachineType Communication) devices is challenging both the telecommunication operators as well as industrial companies to efficiently design communication technologies, protocols, and enddevices for data transmissions in the upcoming 5G and beyond wireless communication networks. As the communication technologies for mMTC (massive Machine Type Communications)massive IoT (Internet of Things) attracted significant attention over the past years due to the extended communication range and improved lifetime of batteryoperated devices, the debate turned from the communication parameters of available LowPower WideArea (LPWA) technologies towards the implementation issues related to efficient data transmissions with respect to certain level of Quality of Service (QoS). In this regard, this paper aims to analyze already introduced communication protocols (i.e., TCP, UDP, CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol), and MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)) possible to use for data transmission in massive IoT scenarios. Along with the highlights of the protocols in question, a practical implementation is done using the emerging cellular IoT standard, namely, NBIoT (Narrowband IoT). Out of the obtained data, the focus is primarily given to the sidebyside comparison of protocolsxe2x80x99 overheads and the subsequent data usage as the amount of transmitted data is deriving the monthly fees.

Performance of TCP and UDP over Narrowband Internet of Things (NBIoT) NBIoT extends LTE by low power WAN functionality for IoT applications. Strengths of the standard lie in the already existing infrastructure, an ubiquitous availability, and the low power consumption and costs. NBIoT supports both TCP and UDP as transport protocols. However, TCP is sensitive to delays and packet losses during data transmission. This affects the commonly used messaging protocol MQTT, as it uses TCP as its underlying transport protocol. In this paper the role of UDP as a possible transport layer protocol for NBIoT in conjunction with MQTTSN is discussed and compared to TCP with standard MQTT. Using TCP for a typical NBIoT application resulted in a packet loss of about 90%, whereas UDP achieved a packet loss of only around 3%. Additionally, the current state of NBIoT installations in Germany and their functionality are evaluated. Coverage, signal quality and power saving functionality are monitored and analyzed as well.