Evaluating Text Entry in Virtual Reality using a Touchsensitive Physical Keyboard Text entry is a challenge for Virtual Reality (VR) applications. In the context of immersive VR HeadMounted Displays, text entry has been investigated for standard physical keyboards as well as for various hand representations. Specifically, prior work has indicated that minimalistic fingertip visualizations is an efficient hand representation. However, these representations typically require external tracking systems. Touchsensitive physical keyboards allow for onsurface interaction, with sensing integrated into the keyboard itself. However, they have not been thoroughly investigated within VR. We close this gap by comparing text entry on a standard physical keyboard and a touchsensitive physical keyboard in a controlled user study (n26). Our results indicate that text entry using touchsensitive physical keyboards can be as efficient as the fingertip visualization, but that results vary between experienced and inexperienced typists.

Effects of RealWorld Visual Fidelity on AR Interface Assessment: A Case Study Using AR Headup Display Graphics in Driving Recent AR research efforts have explored the use of virtual environments to test augmented reality (AR) user interfaces. However, it is yet to be seen what effects the visual fidelity of such virtual environments may have on AR interface assessment, and specifically to what degree assessment results observed in a virtual world would apply to the real world. Automotive AR headup (HUD) interfaces provide a meaningful application area to examine this problem, especially given that immersive, 3Dgraphicsbased driving simulators are established tools to examine invehicle interfaces safely before testing in real vehicles. In this work, we present an argument that adequately assessing AR interfaces requires a suite of different measures, and that such measures should be considered when debating the appropriateness of virtual environments for AR interface assessment. We present a case study that examines how an AR interface presented via HUD effects driver performance and behavior in different virtual and real environments. Twelve participants completed the study measuring driver task performance, eye gaze behavior and situational awareness during AR guided navigation in lowand highfidelity virtual simulation, and an onroad environment. Our results suggest that the visual fidelity of the environmental in which an AR interface is assessed, could impact some measures of effectiveness. Discussion is guided by a proposed initial assessment classification for AR user interfaces that may serve to guide future discussions on AR interface evaluation, as well as the suitability of virtual environments for AR assessment.