Community structure of the creative brain at rest Abstract   Recent studies have provided insight into interindividual differences in creative thinking, focusing on characterizations of distributed largescale brain networks both at the local level of regions and their pairwise interactions and at the global level of the brain as a whole. However, it remains unclear how creative thinking relates to mesoscale network features, e.g. community and hub organization. We applied a datadriven approach to examine community and hub structure in restingstate functional imaging data from a large sample of participants, and how they relate to individual differences in creative thinking. First, we computed for every participant the coassignment probability of brain regions to the same community. We found that greater capacity for creative thinking was related to increased and decreased coassignment of medialtemporal and subcortical regions to the same community, respectively, suggesting that creative capacity may be reflected in interindividual differences in the mesoscale organization of brain networks. We then used participantspecific communities to identify network hubsxe2x80x94nodes whose connections form bridges across the boundaries of different communitiesxe2x80x94quantified based on their participation coefficients. We found that increased hubness of DMN and medialtemporal regions were positively and negatively related with creative ability, respectively. These findings suggest that creative capacity may be reflected in interindividual differences in community interactions of DMN and medialtemporal structures. Collectively, these results demonstrate the fruitfulness of investigating mesoscale brain network features in relation to creative thinking.

Metacontrol of human creativity: The neurocognitive mechanisms of convergent and divergent thinking Abstract   Creativity is a complex construct that would benefit from a more comprehensive mechanistic approach. Two processes have been defined to be central to creative cognition: divergent and convergent thinking. These two processes are most often studied using the Alternate Uses Test (heavily relying on divergent thinking), and the Remote Associates Test (heavily relying on convergent thinking, at least with analytical solutions). Although creative acts should be regarded compound processes, most behavioral and neuroimaging studies ignore the composition of basic operations relevant for the task they investigate. In order to provide leverage for a more mechanistic, and eventually even comprehensive computational, approach to creative cognition, we compare findings from divergent and convergent thinking studies and review the similarities and differences between the two underlying types of processes, from a neurocognitive perspective with a strong focus on cortical structures. In this narrative review, we discuss a broad scope of neural correlates of divergent and convergent thinking. We provide a first step towards theoretical integration, by suggesting that creative cognition in divergent and convergentthinking heavy tasks is modulated by metacontrol states, where divergent thinking and insight solutions in convergentthinking tasks seem to benefit from metacontrol biases towards flexibility, whereas convergent, analytical thinking seems to benefit from metacontrol biases towards persistence. These particular biases seem to be reflected by specific cortical brainactivation patterns, involving left frontal and right temporalparietal networks. Our tentative framework could serve as a first proxy to guide neuroscientific creativity research into assessing more mechanistic details of human creative cognition.