Towards Chronic Liver Dysfunction Selfmonitoring: a ProofofConcept Study The liver is our very own chemical processing plant as it plays a vital role in maintaining the bodyxe2x80x99s metabolic balance. Liverxe2x80x99s health is assessed by a group of clinical tests (such as blood tests, ultrasonographic imaging, liver biopsy) most of which are invasive and burdensome for the patients. In the setting of severely scarred liver, toxic substances, such as ammonia, have fewer opportunities to be detoxified. Accumulation of ammonia in the systemic circulation and in the brain may result in Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities which entails changes in consciousness, intellectual functions, behavior. Minimal HE has attracted increasing attention, as it does not cause detectable changes in personality or behaviour, but the complex and sustained attention is impaired. Hence, it can be detected only by specific but biased, timeconsuming and burdensome examinations, such as blood ammonia levels assessment and neuropsychological tests. The obstrusivity of the majority of the liver function clinical tests, and, in case of minimal HE, the lack of reliable examinations, are encouraging the scientific community to look for alternative diagnostic methods. For this purpose, the exploitation of a noninvasive technique such as breath analysis, to identify chronic liver disease, discriminate among its degree of severity and detect the onset of HE, could be a step forward for clinical diagnosis. In this paper, we report a proofofconcept study that aimed at detecting ammonia in the breath of patients suffering from chronic liver disease by means of a lowcost, easytouse, gassensors based device. Not only, we also aimed at investigating the possibility of discriminating the several severity degree of liver impairment on the basis of the detected ammonia.

A LowCost Breath Analyzer Module in Domiciliary NonInvasive Mechanical Ventilation for Remote COPD Patient Monitoring Smart Breath Analyzers were developed as sensing terminals of a telemedicine architecture devoted to remote monitoring of patients suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and homeassisted by noninvasive mechanical ventilation via respiratory face mask. The devices based on different sensors (CO2O2 and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), relative humidity and temperature (R.H. u0026 T) sensors) monitor the breath air exhaled into the expiratory line of the bitube patient breathing circuit during a noninvasive ventilotherapy session; the sensor raw signals are transmitted pseudonymized to National Health Service units by TCPIP communication through a cloud remote platform. The work is a proofofconcept of a sensorsbased IoT system with the perspective to check continuously the effectiveness of therapy andor any state of exacerbation of the disease requiring healthcare. Lab tests in controlled experimental conditions by a gasmixing bench towards CO2O2 concentrations and exhaled breath collected in a sampling bag were carried out to test the realized prototypes. The Smart Breath Analyzers were also tested in real conditions both on a healthy volunteer subject and a COPD suffering patient.