IoT Application in River Monitoring: Methods and Challenges Water pollution is a major threat both locally and globally to the sustainability of clean water. In Malaysia, river is a major source of water. Industry output, chemicals from agriculture sectors and constructions, sewage and water waste make sustainability of clean water a big challenge. Hence, the need for continuous and effective monitoring of river in order to maintain the water quality (WQ) of river. The existing methods of river water quality monitoring in Malaysia are Manual Water Quality Monitoring (MWQM) and Continuous Water Quality Monitoring (CWQM). These methods are nonreal time, less effective, inaccuracy of data collection and also costly to be implemented. The use of internet of things (IoT) for realtime monitoring and analysis of water quality in rivers in Malaysia. Also has becoming famous these days because it provides solution to the consumer cover from shortrange communication until long range communication technology. The aim of these paper is to identify different method for river monitoring and discuss the challenges of these methods so that more effective solution can be produce.

Design of IoTBased River Water Monitoring Robot Data Transmission Model Using Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) Communication Technology River water monitoring system is one of the efforts as a contribution to control the pollution andor damage of the Citarum watershed in Indonesia based on Presidential Decree Number 15 of 2018. Monitoring of Citarum River water quality is essential because it is to know its condition. Despite that, regular monitoring requires water samples to be taken to the laboratory to be tested. Therefore it is not realtime and wasteful of energy. In this paper, a design of IoTbased river water quality monitoringsystem using LPWAN communication technology will be proposed so that monitoring points on the Citarum watershed can be monitored in realtime and the results of monitoring data will be stored in the server for data logging. A test about communication range is performed with four nodes and one gateway with LoRa transceiver paired with Arduino boards, as LPWAN communication method, to be able to exchange information in terms of hardware and implement network mesh topologies to widen monitoring points in terms of software. It is shown from the test result that the communication range for the transmission between node to node or node to gateway reaches a maximum of 500 m close on the surface of the water.