Spaces in Spatial Science and Urban Applicationsxe2x80x94State of the Art Review In spatial science and urban applications, xe2x80x9cspace is presented by multiple disciplines as a notion referencing our living environment. Space is used as a general term to help understand particular characteristics of the environment. However, the definition and perception of space varies and these variations have to be harmonised. For example, space may have diverse definitions and classification, the same environment may be abstractedmodelled by contradicting notions of space, which can lead to inconsistencies and misunderstandings. In this paper, we seek to investigate and document the stateoftheart in the research of xe2x80x9cspacexe2x80x9d regarding its definition, classification, modelling and utilization (2D3D) in spatial sciences and urban applications. We focus on positioning, navigation, building microclimate and thermal comfort, landscape, urban planning and design, urban heat island, interior design and planning, transportation and intelligent space. We review 147 research papers, technical reports and online resources. We compare the presented space concepts with respect to five criteriaxe2x80x94classification, boundary, modelling components, use of standards and granularity. The review inventory is intended for both scientists and professionals in the spatial industry, such as companies, national mapping agencies and governments, and aim to provide a reference to better understand and employ the xe2x80x9cspacexe2x80x9d while working across disciplines.

Marking the City: Interactions in Multiple Space Scales in Virtual Reality This article shows an overview of an immersive VR application to explore, to analyze and to mark largescale photogrammetric 3D models. The objective is to interrogate the effectiveness of the proposed navigation process and annotation tools for spatial understanding. Due to the amount of interactions, different kinds of menus were necessary: desktop coordination menu, radial menu attached to the controller and 3D spatial menu for creating markers. Besides the menus, the navigation tasks through different perception space scales required a great number of interactions metaphors, patterns and techniques displaying the complexity of the user experience in Virtual Reality for understanding and analyzing urban digital twins. Those interactions allowed by the user interface were then analysed and classifyed according to a theoretical background and were experimented in preliminary tests with end users. Although designed for particular needs of the army, the tools and interactions can be adapted for city models explorations and urban planning. For future steps of the research, a usability study is going to be performed to test the performance of the interface and to have more end users feedback.