Modeling rolling stock maintenance logistics at dutch railways with declarative business artifacts A case study is presented in which the maintenance logistics process of rolling stock (train units) at Dutch Railways is modeled. This decisionintensive process has a high complexity due to its many steps and the different actors that are involved. Declarative Business Artifacts are used as modeling technique to master this complexity. We discuss the key elements of the artifact model and focus on encountered issues and lessons learned. The artifact model is compared with an earlier developed agentbased model of the maintenance logistics process. The case study shows that declarative business artifacts are a promising technique to structure complex decisionintensive processes.

The declarative approach to business process execution : an empirical test Declarative approaches have been proposed to counter the limited flexibility of the traditional imperative modeling paradigm, but little empirical insights are available into their actual strengths and usage. In particular, it is unclear whether endusers are really capable of adjusting a particular plan to execute a business process when using a declarative approach. Our paper addresses this knowledge gap by describing the design, execution, and results of a controlled experiment in which varying levels of constraints are imposed on the way a group of subjects can execute a process. The results suggest that our subjects can effectively deal with increased levels of constraints when relying on a declarative approach. This outcome supports the viability of this approach, justifying its further development and application.