Reference Architectures and Standards for the Internet of Things and Big Data in Smart Manufacturing This study aims to identify the main Internet of Things and big data reference architectures (RAs) available for the manufacturing industry. Besides open RAs developed by national and international consortia, proprietary RAs and frameworks are also discussed. The main building blocks of RAs are governed by viewpoints finding their root in systems and software engineering literature and standards. However, in most RAs, only technical viewpoints are addressed, and business architecture and customer context aspects are usually missing. In this paper, RAs are discussed in terms of their functionality and viewpoints addressed. Additionally, the standards developed by international and European institutions to complement RAs in the manufacturing industry are identified and presented. The RAs, standards and underlying models given can be useful for system architects, service providers, and other users as a guideline in the digital transformation of industry.

Concept for Deriving System Architectures from Reference Architectures The reuse of existing architectural solutions is a key enabler for the optimization of engineering of industrial production systems with respect to cost, time, and quality. In order to achieve systematic reuse of architectural solutions within the design process of specific systems, the standard xe2x80x9cVDI 3695xe2x80x9d determines the use of reference architectures as one possible option. Often, within the development of industrial production systems, individual aspects and specific requirements need to be regarded, which may not be fully represented by a reference architecture. In order to create specific system architectures based on reference architectures an approach is needed that considers a mix of existing and newly defined architecture content, which must be integrated in the process of designing system architectures. Therefore, within this paper, an approach for the creation of system architectures based on a reference architecture is presented, with the goal of supporting the engineering of such production systems.