Cost Efficient Internet Path Tracking Based on Routing Changes Prediction Distributed network measurement is critical for various service. Researchers always would like to achieve measurement goals while minimizing the total overheadcost of measurements. Therefore, the strategy of measurement, such as the selection of probes and their probing rates, is very important. In this paper, we focus on the measurement task of monitoring routing changes to destinations under study with measurement cost in consideration. We propose a decision algorithm to adaptively select vantage points and adjust detection frequency of each selected path. The decision is made based on a learning process aiming to characterize path characteristics and predict path changes. We further develop a tracking system, and the system allows researchers to specify their tradeoff preference between measurement efficiency and cost. We measured 100 paths under different scenarios. The results show that our system can allocate the detection resources more efficiently and detect the same number of path changes as the traditional system by using about 57% of the detection resources.

Hop Recording and Forwarding State Logging: Two Implementations for Path Tracking in P4 Full information on the path travelled by packets is extremely important for network management and network security. We implemented two path tracking methods in hardware with P4. The first approach tracks a packetu0027s path by recording each node along the path of a packet (hop recording). The complete path a packet took can be extracted from the packet in the last node of the path. The second approach tracks a packetu0027s path by logging the forwarding state of a network (forwarding state logging). The complete path can be reconstructed based on the node where the packet entered a network. We conducted experiments with the two implemented approaches and showed that the paths of the packets are reconstructed correctly. The advantage of using P4 is that the control plane only gets involved when the path of a packet is reconstructed. We finally show how our work provides a working tool in P4 networks that can be used to gain deep insights in traffic patterns.