Cyber Physical Production Systems: A Review of Design and Implementation Approaches Cyber Physical System (CPS) is a very crucial and promising technology in Industry 4.0 context. The application of CPS in the production and manufacturing environment gave rise to the term Cyber Physical Production Systems (CPPSs). CPPSs hold great potential to make production systems become intelligent, resilient and selfadaptive by utilizing the cyber world to realize the distributed collaboration in the physical world. There is growing interest in CPPSs, yet there is a scarcity of review to document the current status of CPPSs. This review aims to classify the current research activities within CPPSs field with a special focus on design and implementation approaches in view of industrial engineering and to analyze research gaps based on the literature review. Findings of this review can be used as the basis for future research in CPPSs and related topics.

Digital Twins for Industry 4.0 and Beyond Digital twins (DT) and cyberphysical systems (CPS) are two independently developed yet comparable supporting concepts for smart manufacturing, or xe2x80x9cIndustry 4.0xe2x80x9d in a more popular term. Both of their working principle are based on a close interaction between a physical object and its digital counterpart. Such similarity arouses our curiosity on the association between them. The purpose of this study is to highlight the associations between DT and CPS. With the help of coword analysis, we find that the two terms seldom coappear in the literature. Nevertheless, they link to a similar set of enablingtechnology terms although with different weighting on these terms, implying that they are established on a similar set of technologies. We suggest that topics within a field being developed independent of each other in the early stage is a common phenomenon. The two currently separate literature streams are likely to merge into one in the foreseeable future. We also discuss the future prospect of DT. Other than manufacturing, DT has great potential in applications such as health care and ecommerce.