Developing a Procedural Problemsolvingbased Framework of Computational Thinking Components This study intended to explore the definitions and components of CT (computational thinking) and establish a framework that depicts the relationship between CT and problemsolving procedures. The framework is expected to aid in the development of CT pedagogy and assessment. CT is defined as a problemsolving process and method, utilizing computer science concepts and digital technology skills to develop strategic methods to solve specific problems, and ten components are synthesized as the main facets of CT in correspondence with the progressive phases of problemsolving. The CT framework is expected to provide guidelines for teachers and students to understand the essence of CT so that studentsu0027 higher order thinking can be promoted osmotically.

Assessing computational thinking: A systematic review of empirical studies Abstract   With the increasing attention to Computational Thinking (CT) in education, there has been a concomitant rise of needs and interest in investigating how to assess CT skills. This study systematically reviewed how CT has been assessed in the literature. We reviewed 96 journal articles to analyze specific CT assessments from four perspectives: educational context, assessment construct, assessment type, and reliability and validity evidence. Our review results indicate that (a) more CT assessments are needed for high school, college students, and teacher professional development programs, (b) most CT assessments focus on studentsu0027 programming or computing skills, (c) traditional tests and performance assessments are often used to assess CT skills, and surveys are used to measure studentsxe2x80x99 CT dispositions, and (d) more reliability and validity evidence needs to be collected and reported in future studies. This review identifies current research gaps and future directions to conceptualize and assess CT skills, and the findings are expected to be beneficial for researchers, curriculum designers, and instructors.