Numerical Analysis of the Combustion of Gases Generated during Biomass Carbonization The paper deals with the analysis of the combustion of volatiles evolved during thermolysis (thermal treatment) of biomass feedstock. The process is tailored to produce charcoal (biochar), heat and electricity and the whole system consists of a carbonizer, afterburning chamber and steam recovery boiler. In order to maintain safe operation of the carbonizer the process temperature has to be maintained at an acceptable level and thus the majority of gases evolved during biomass processing have to be combusted outside in the afterburning chamber. In this paper the combustion of those gases in a speciallydesigned combustion chamber was investigated numerically. The calculation results indicated that the production of the biochar has to be carried out with tight integration and management of the heat produced from the combustion of the volatiles and the emission of CO and methane may be maintained at a low level by optimization of the combustion process. The most promising effects were achieved in cases C4 and C5 where the gas was fed tangentially into the afterburning chamber. The calculation results were then used for the design and manufacture of a pilot reactorxe2x80x94from which the parameters and operational data will be presented and discussed in a separate paper.

Mathematical Modeling of Wildland Fire Initiation and Spread Abstract   The aim of this paper is to create a userfriendly computational tool for analysis of wildland fire behavior and its effect on urban and other structures. A physicsbased multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of wildfire initiation and spread has been developed and incorporated into the multipurpose CFD software, PHOENICS. It accounts for all the important physicochemical processes: drying, pyrolysis, char combustion, turbulent combustion of gaseous products of pyrolysis, exchange of mass, momentum and energy between gas and solid phase, turbulent flow and convective, conductive and radiative heat transfer. Turbulence is modeled by using a RNG ke model and the radiative heat transfer is represented by the IMMERSOL model. The Arrheniustype kinetics are used for heterogeneous reactions and the eddybreakup approach is applied for gaseous combustion. The model has been validated using the experimental data.