Joint Declaration of the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean
Paris, 13 July 2008

Under the co-presidency of
the President of the French Republic and the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt

In the presence of

The EUROPEAN UNION represented by
HE Mr Nicolas SARKOZY

President of the European Council

HE Mr José Manuel BARROSO

President of the European Commission

HE Mr Javier SOLANA

Secretary-General of the Council of the European
Union / High Representative for the Common
Foreign and Security Policy

***

ALBANIA represented by
HE Mr Sali BERISHA

Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania

ALGERIA represented by
HE Mr Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA

President of the People's Democratic Republic of
Algeria

AUSTRIA represented by
HE Mr Alfred GUSENBAUER

Federal Chancellor of Austria

1

BELGIUM represented by
HE Mr Karel DE GUCHT

Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of
Belgium

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA represented by
HE Mr Haris SILAJDŽIĆ

Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and
Herzegovina

BULGARIA represented by
HE Mr Georgi PARVANOV

President of the Republic of Bulgaria

CROATIA represented by
HE Mr Stjepan MESIĆ

President of the Republic of Croatia

CYPRUS represented by
HE Mr Demetris CHRISTOFIAS

President of the Republic of Cyprus

CZECH REPUBLIC represented by
HE Mr Alexandr VONDRA

Deputy Prime Minister for European Affairs of the
Czech Republic

DENMARK represented by
HE Mr Anders FOGH RASMUSSEN

Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Denmark

EGYPT represented by
HE Mr Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK

President of the Arab Republic of Egypt

ESTONIA represented by
HE Mr Andrus ANSIP

Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia

FINLAND represented by
HE Ms Tarja HALONEN

President of the Republic of Finland

HE Mr Matti VANHANEN

Prime Minister of the Republic of Finland

2

FRANCE represented by
HE Mr Nicolas SARKOZY

President of the French Republic

GERMANY represented by
HE Mrs Angela MERKEL

Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of
Germany

GREECE represented by
HE Mr Kostas KARAMANLIS

Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic

HUNGARY represented by
HE Mr Ferenc GYURCSÁNY

Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary

IRELAND represented by
HE Mr Brian COWEN

Taoiseach of Ireland

ISRAEL represented by
HE Mr Ehud OLMERT

Prime Minister of the State of Israel

ITALY represented by
HE Mr Silvio BERLUSCONI

President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian
Republic

JORDAN represented by
HE Mr Nader DAHABI

Prime Minister of the Hashemite Kingdom of
Jordan

LATVIA represented by
HE Mr Valdis ZATLERS

President of the Republic of Latvia

LEBANON represented by
HE General Michel SLEIMANE

President of the Lebanese Republic

LITHUANIA represented by
HE Mr Gediminas KIRKILAS

Prime Minister of the Republic of Lithuania
3

LUXEMBOURG represented by
HE Mr Jean-Claude JUNCKER

Prime Minister of the Grand Duchy of
Luxembourg

MALTA represented by
HE Mr Lawrence GONZI

Prime Minister of the Republic of Malta

MAURITANIA represented by
HE Mr Sidi Mohamed OULD CHEIKH ABDALLAHI President of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania

MONACO represented by
His Serene Highness ALBERT II

Sovereign Prince of Monaco

MONTENEGRO represented by
HE Mr Milo DJUKANOVIĆ

Prime Minister of Montenegro

MOROCCO represented by
HRH Prince Moulay RACHID

PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY represented by
HE Mr Mahmoud ABBAS

President of the Palestinian Authority

POLAND represented by
HE Mr Lech KACZYŃSKI

President of the Republic of Poland

PORTUGAL represented by
HE Mr José SOCRATES

Prime Minister of the Portuguese Republic

ROMANIA represented by
HE Mr Traian BĂSESCU

President of Romania

SLOVAKIA represented by
HE Mr Robert FICO

Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic

4

SLOVENIA represented by
HE Mr Janez JANŠA

Prime Minister of the Republic of Slovenia

SPAIN represented by
HE Mr José Luis RODRÍGUEZ ZAPATERO

Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Spain

SWEDEN represented by
HE Mr Fredrik REINFELDT

Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sweden

SYRIA represented by
HE Mr Bachar AL-ASSAD

President of the Syrian Arab Republic

THE NETHERLANDS represented by
HE Mr Jan Peter BALKENENDE

Prime Minister of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

TUNISIA represented by
HE Mr Zine EL ABIDINE BEN ALI

President of the Republic of Tunisia

TURKEY represented by
HE Mr Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN

Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey

UNITED KINGDOM represented by
HE Mr Gordon BROWN

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland

***

UNITED NATIONS represented by
Mr BAN KI-MOON

Secretary-General of the United Nations

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT/EMPA represented by
Mr Hans-Gert PÖTTERING

President of the European Parliament and President
of the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary
Assembly (EMPA)

5

COOPERATION COUNCIL FOR THE ARAB STATES OF THE GULF represented by
His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa AL THANI Emir of Qatar; President-in-office of the

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the
Gulf

LEAGUE OF ARAB STATES represented by
Mr Amr MOUSSA

Secretary-General of the League of Arab States

AFRICAN UNION represented by
Mr Jean PING

Chairperson of the African Union Commission

ARAB MAGHREB UNION represented by
Mr Habib BEN YAHIA

Secretary-General of the Arab Maghreb Union

ORGANISATION OF THE ISLAMIC CONFERENCE represented by
Mr Ekmeleddin IHSANOGLU

Secretary-General of the Organisation of the
Islamic Conference
***

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK represented by
Mr Donald KABERUKA

President of the African Development Bank

EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK represented by
Mr Philippe MAYSTADT

President of the European Investment Bank

WORLD BANK represented by
Mr Juan Jose DABOUB

Director General of the World Bank

***

ALLIANCE OF CIVILISATIONS represented by
Mr Jorge SAMPAIO

UN High Representative for the Alliance of
Civilisations

6

ANNA

LINDH

EURO-MEDITERRANEAN

FOUNDATION

FOR

THE

DIALOGUE

BETWEEN CULTURES represented by
Mr André AZOULAY

President of the Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean
Foundation for the Dialogue between Cultures

***

7

Draft Joint Declaration of the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean
Paris, 13 July 2008

Euro-Mediterranean Heads of States and Government meeting in Paris on 13 July 2008, inspired by
the shared political will to revitalise efforts to transform the Mediterranean into an area of peace,
democracy, cooperation and prosperity, agree to adopt the following joint declaration:
The Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean, building on the Barcelona Declaration and its
objectives of achieving peace, stability and security, as well as the acquis of the Barcelona Process,
is a multilateral partnership with a view to increasing the potential for regional integration and
cohesion. Heads of State and Government also reassert the central importance of the Mediterranean
on the political agenda of all countries. They stress the need for better co-ownership by all
participants and for more relevance and visibility for the citizens.
They share the conviction that this initiative can play an important role in addressing common
challenges facing the Euro-Mediterranean region, such as economic and social development; world
food security crisis; degradation of the environment, including climate change and desertification,
with the view of promoting sustainable development; energy; migration; terrorism and extremism;
as well as promoting dialogue between cultures.
It will encompass all EU Member States and the European Commission, together with the other
States (members and observers) of the Barcelona Process. The Arab League shall be invited to the
meetings of the Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean, in pursuance of its participation in
the Barcelona Process. Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean welcomes Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia, Monaco and Montenegro which have accepted the acquis of the Barcelona
Process.

8

A strategic ambition for the Mediterranean
1. Europe and the Mediterranean countries are bound by history, geography and culture. More
importantly, they are united by a common ambition: to build together a future of peace,
democracy, prosperity and human, social and cultural understanding. To achieve these common
objectives participants agree to continue with renewed dynamism the quest for peace and
cooperation, to explore their joint problems and transform these good intentions into actions in a
renewed partnership for progress.
2. Heads of State and Government underline the important role played by the Barcelona Process
since 1995. The Barcelona Process has been the central instrument for Euro-Mediterranean
relations. Representing a partnership of 39 governments and over 700 million people, it has
provided a framework for continued engagement and development. The Barcelona Process is
the only forum within which all Euro-Mediterranean partners exchange views and engage in
constructive dialogue. It represents a strong commitment to peace, democracy, regional stability
and security through regional cooperation and integration. The Barcelona Process: Union for the
Mediterranean aims to build on that consensus to pursue cooperation, political and socioeconomic reform and modernisation on the basis of equality and mutual respect for each other’s
sovereignty.
3. Heads of State and Government underscore the importance of the active participation of civil
society, local and regional authorities and the private sector in the implementation of the
Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean.
4.

To take advantage of the opportunities offered by an enhanced framework of multilateral
cooperation, Heads of State and Government decide to launch a reinforced partnership - The
Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean.

5. This initiative is also the expression of a common aspiration to achieve peace as well as regional
security according to the Barcelona Declaration of 1995, which, inter alia, promotes regional
security by acting in favour of nuclear, chemical and biological non-proliferation through
adherence to and compliance with a combination of international and regional non-proliferation
regimes and arms control and disarmament agreements such as NPT, CWC, BWC, CTBT
and/or regional arrangements such as weapons-free zones, including their verification regimes,
as well as by fulfilling in good faith their commitments under arms control, disarmament and
non-proliferation conventions.
9

The parties shall pursue a mutually and effectively verifiable Middle East Zone free of weapons
of mass destruction, nuclear, chemical and biological, and their delivery systems. Furthermore
the parties will consider practical steps to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and
biological weapons as well as excessive accumulation of conventional arms; refrain from
developing military capacity beyond their legitimate defence requirements, at the same time
reaffirming their resolve to achieve the same degree of security and mutual confidence with the
lowest possible levels of troops and weaponry and adherence to CCW; promote conditions
likely to develop good-neighbourly relations among themselves and support processes aimed at
stability, security, prosperity and regional and subregional cooperation; consider any confidence
and security-building measures that could be taken between the parties with a view to the
creation of an "area of peace and stability in the Mediterranean", including the long term
possibility of establishing a Euro-Mediterranean pact to that end.
6. It shows the determination to favour human resource development and employment in line with
the Millennium Development Goals, including alleviating poverty. Heads of State and
Government underline their commitment to strengthen democracy and political pluralism by the
expansion of participation in political life and the embracing of all human rights and
fundamental freedoms. They also affirm their ambition to build a common future based on the
full respect of democratic principles, human rights and fundamental freedoms, as enshrined in
international human rights law, such as the promotion of economic, social, cultural, civil and
political rights, strengthening the role of women in society, the respect of minorities, the fight
against racism and xenophobia and the advancement of cultural dialogue and mutual
understanding.
7. Heads of State and Government reaffirm their support for the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process,
as referred to in the Lisbon Euromed Ministerial Meeting (November 2007) and according to
the Annapolis process. They recall that peace in the Middle East requires a comprehensive
solution and in this regard welcome the announcement that Syria and Israel have initiated
indirect peace talks under the auspices of Turkey.

10

8. Heads of State and Government reiterate their condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and
manifestations and their determination to eradicate it and to combat its sponsors and they
reaffirm their commitment to fully implement the Code of Conduct on Countering Terrorism in
order to enhance the security of all citizens within a framework that ensures respect of the rule
of law and human rights, particularly through more effective counter-terrorism policies and
deeper co-operation to dismantle all terrorist activities, to protect potential targets and to
manage the consequences of attacks. They emphasise the need to address the conditions
conducive to the spread of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations without qualification,
committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes. They also reiterate the complete
rejection of attempts to associate any religion or culture with terrorism and confirm their
commitment to do their utmost effort with a view to resolving conflict, ending occupation,
confronting oppression, reducing poverty, promoting human rights and good governance,
improving intercultural understanding and ensuring respect for all religions and beliefs. Such
actions serve directly the interests of the people of the Euro-Med region and work against the
interests of the terrorists and the networks.
Scope and main objectives
9. Heads of State and Government agree that the challenge of the Barcelona Process: Union for the
Mediterranean is to enhance multilateral relations, increase co-ownership of the process, set
governance on the basis of equal footing and translate it into concrete projects, more visible to
citizens. Now is the time to inject a new and continuing momentum into the Barcelona Process.
More engagement and new catalysts are now needed to translate the objectives of the Barcelona
Declaration into tangible results.
10. The Euro-Mediterranean partnership continues to be an inclusive process driven in all its
aspects by the principle of consensus, for which the modalities in terms of projects will be
decided by the next Foreign Affairs Ministerial meeting in November 2008.

11

11. The Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean will build on the acquis and reinforce the
achievements and successful elements of the Barcelona Process. The Barcelona Declaration, its
goals and its cooperation areas remain valid and its three chapters of cooperation (Political
Dialogue, Economic Cooperation and Free Trade, and Human, Social and Cultural Dialogue)
will continue to remain central in Euro-Mediterranean relations. The Five-Year Work
Programme adopted by the 10th Anniversary Euro-Mediterranean Summit held in Barcelona in
2005 (including the fourth chapter of cooperation on "Migration, Social Integration, Justice and
Security" introduced at that stage) and the conclusions of all ministerial meetings will remain in
force. Heads of State and Government acknowledge the progress and economic benefits of the
creation of a deep Free Trade Area in the Euromed region by 2010 and beyond, and the
strengthening of regional economic integration in all its dimensions. They support the main
lines of the Euromed Trade Roadmap till 2010 and beyond, and, in particular, to study the
establishment of a smooth, efficient and business-friendly trade facilitation mechanism which
would bring further transparency and trade and investment opportunities.
12. Heads of State and Government underline that the Barcelona Process: Union for the
Mediterranean aims to achieve a future of peace and shared prosperity in the entire region by
implementing projects that will enhance the flow of exchanges among the people of the whole
region. In this regard they acknowledge the human and cultural dimension of this initiative.
They underline the commitment to facilitate legal movement of individuals. They stress that
promoting orderly managed legal migration in the interest of all parties concerned, fighting
illegal migration and fostering links between migration and development are issues of common
interest which should be addressed through a comprehensive, balanced and integrated approach.

12

13. The Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean will be complementary to EU bilateral
relations with these countries1 which will continue under existing policy frameworks such as
the Association Agreements, the European Neighbourhood Policy action plans, and, in the case
of Mauritania, the African Caribbean Pacific framework. It will also be coherent and
complementary with the Joint Africa-EU Strategy. While complementing activities concerning
its regional dimension, the Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean will be independent
from the EU enlargement policy, accession negotiations and the pre-accession process.
14. The Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean gives a new impulse to the Barcelona
Process in at least three very important ways:
-

by upgrading the political level of the EU's relationship with its Mediterranean partners;

-

by providing for further co-ownership to our multilateral relations; and

-

by making these relations more concrete and visible through additional regional and subregional projects, relevant for the citizens of the region.

Upgrading of relations
15. Heads of State and Government agree to hold biennial summits. The summits should result in a
political declaration and a short list of concrete regional projects to be set in motion. The
conclusions should endorse a broad two-year work programme for the Barcelona Process:
Union for the Mediterranean. Annual Foreign Affairs Ministerial meetings will review progress
in the implementation of the summit conclusions and prepare the next summit meetings and, if
necessary, approve new projects.

1

The countries concerned are: Algeria; Egypt; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Mauritania; Monaco;
Morocco; Palestinian Authority; Syria; Tunisia. Croatia and Turkey, negotiating candidate countries
to the EU. Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro, potential candidates to the EU. Libya,
invited by the Presidency since the Euromed Stuttgart ministerial meeting of 1999
13

16. The summit meetings should take place alternately in the EU and in Mediterranean partner
countries. The host country should be selected by consensus. All countries party to the initiative
will be invited to Summits, Ministerials and other plenary meetings of the Barcelona Process:
Union for the Mediterranean.
17. The Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly will be the legitimate parliamentary
expression of the Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean. Heads of State and
Government strongly support the strengthening of the role of the EMPA in its relations with
Mediterranean partners.
18. The Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation for the Dialogue between Cultures as a EuroMediterranean institution will contribute in an effective manner to the cultural dimension of the
initiative in cooperation with the UN Alliance of Civilizations.
Increased co-ownership and institutional governance
19. Heads of State and Government agree on the creation of a co-presidency and also decide that a
joint secretariat will be established. Participation in the co-presidencies and the secretariat will
be open to all members of the Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean.
20. The current structures of the Barcelona Process should be preserved and adapted when new
modalities are approved by the Euro-Mediterranean Foreign Affairs Ministers.
Co-Presidency
21. Heads of State and Government establish a co-presidency in order to improve the balance and
the joint ownership of their cooperation. One of the co-presidents will be from the EU and the
other from the Mediterranean partner countries. The co-presidency shall apply to Summits, all
Ministerial meetings, Senior Officials meetings, the Joint Permanent Committee and, when
possible, experts/ad hoc meetings within the initiative.

14

22. The establishment of a co-presidency
-

from the EU side must be compatible with the external representation of the European
Union in accordance with the Treaty provisions in force;

-

from the Mediterranean side, the co-president must be chosen by consensus for a nonrenewable period of two years.

Institutional governance and Secretariat
23. Heads of State and Government agree to establish new institutional structures which will
contribute to achieving the political goals of this initiative, especially reinforcing co-ownership,
upgrading the political level of EU-Mediterranean relations and achieving visibility through
projects.
24. They agree that a joint Secretariat for the Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean will
be established, with a key role within the institutional architecture. The Secretariat will give a
new impulse to this process in terms of identification, follow-up, promotion of the projects and
the search for partners. The funding and implementation of projects will be pursued on a case by
case basis. The Secretariat will work in operational liaison with all structures of the process,
including by preparing working documents for the decision-making bodies. The Secretariat
would have a separate legal personality with an autonomous status.
25. The mandate of the Secretariat is of a technical nature while the political mandate related to all
aspects of the initiative remains the responsibility of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Senior
Officials.
26. The Joint Permanent Committee based in Brussels will assist and prepare the meetings of the
Senior Officials and ensure the appropriate follow-up; it may also act as a mechanism to react
rapidly if an exceptional situation arises in the region that requires the consultation of EuroMediterranean partners.

15

27. The Senior Officials will continue to convene regularly in order to prepare the Ministerial
meetings, including projects to be endorsed, take stock of and evaluate the progress of the
Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean in all its components and submit the annual
work programme to Ministers of Foreign Affairs.
28. Details of the mandate of the new institutional structure, the functioning of the co-presidency,
as well as the composition, seat and funding of the Secretariat will be decided on the basis of
consensus by the Foreign Affairs Ministers in November 2008, taking into account thorough
discussions and proposals submitted by all partners.
Projects
29. The project selection process will be in conformity with the Barcelona Declaration objectives
notably achieving peace, security and stability. The partners will set up a favourable
environment for the implementation of projects taking into account the regional, sub-regional
and trans-national character of proposed projects as well as their size, relevance and interest for
the parties involved, in line with the scope and main objectives of the initiative. The potential to
promote balanced and sustainable development, regional and sub-regional integration, cohesion
and interconnections will be considered and their financial feasibility including the
maximization of private sector financing and participation will be sought. Senior Officials will
prepare the criteria for the selection of projects to be approved by Foreign Ministers.
30. Heads of State and Government underscore the potential offered by the reinforced cooperation
through the principle of variable geometry projects in line with the scope and main aims of the
initiative. Such an approach will enable member countries with affinities, shared objectives and
complementarities to give momentum to the process and reach the goals of the Barcelona
Declaration.

16

Funding
31. The Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean will mobilise additional funding for the
region, mainly through regional and subregional projects. Its capacity to attract more financial
resources for regional projects, with a high degree of donor coordination, will constitute its
added value mainly through the following sources, inter alia: private sector participation;
contributions from the EU budget and all partners; contributions from other countries,
international financial institutions and regional entities; the Euro-Mediterranean Investment and
Partnership Facility (FEMIP); the ENPI Euro-Med envelope, the Neighbourhood Investment
Facility and the cross-border cooperation instrument within the ENPI, as well as the other
instruments applicable to the countries covered by the initiative, for which the usual selection
and procedural rules will continue to apply.
Concluding points
32. The Participants stress that the Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean is an historic
opportunity to revitalise the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Process and upgrade it to a new
level. The ultimate success of the initiative also rests in the hands of citizens, civil society and
the active involvement of the private sector.
33. Heads of State and Government invite Ministers of Foreign Affairs to finalise, during their next
meeting in November, the modalities for the institutional set-up of the initiative. The new
structures for the initiative should be fully operational before the end of 2008. All participating
countries and the European Commission will work in close coordination to achieve this
objective.
***

17

ANNEX
The future of the Euro-Mediterranean region lies in improved socio-economic development,
solidarity, regional integration, sustainable development and knowledge. There is a need to
increase co-operation in areas such as business development, trade, the environment, energy,
water management, agriculture, food safety and security, transport, maritime issues, education,
vocational training, science and technology, culture, media, justice and law, security, migration,
health, strengthening the role of women in society, civil protection, tourism, urban planning,
ports, decentralised co-operation, the information society and competitive clusters.
In addition, they stress the importance of strengthening food security, especially taking into
account the consequences of climate change on food crops within the context of sustainable
development policies.
The importance of water is acknowledged: the Euro-Mediterranean Ministerial Conference in
Jordan in October 2008 will define a Mediterranean water strategy, promoting conservation of
water resources, diversifying water provision resources and efficient and sustainable use of
water.
The priorities set out in the Regional Indicative Programme for the Euro-Mediterranean
Partnership, as well as those of future programmes, will continue to apply and any potential
Community contribution to the new regional projects listed below will not be financed at the
expense of the existing bilateral allocations under the European Neighbourhood and Partnership
Instrument or the Pre-accession Instrument (or in the case of Mauritania the European
Development Fund).
It is crucial to translate the goals set by the Barcelona Declaration of 1995 and the work
programme of 2005 into major regional concrete projects. As a first stage, it is decided to launch
a number of key initiatives, listed hereafter, which the future Secretariat is mandated to detail.

18

De-pollution of the Mediterranean: The Mediterranean is resonant with culture and history.
But it is much more than a symbol or an icon for the region. It also provides employment and
pleasure for its people. However, its environmental quality has suffered serious degradation in
recent times. Building on the Horizon 2020 programme, the de-pollution of the Mediterranean,
including coastal and protected marine areas, particularly in the water and waste sector, will
therefore be of major benefit for the lives and livelihoods of its people.
Maritime and Land Highways: The Mediterranean is a sea that joins, not separates, its people.
It is also a highway for commerce. Easy and safe access and flow of goods and people, on land
and sea, is essential for maintaining relations and enhancing regional trade. The development of
motorways of the sea, including the connection of ports, throughout the entire Mediterranean
basin as well as the creation of coastal motorways and the modernisation of the trans-Maghreb
train, will increase the flow and freedom of the movement of people and goods. Particular
attention should be devoted to cooperation in the field of maritime security and safety, in a
perspective of global integration in the Mediterranean region.
Civil Protection: The global landscape is littered with examples of the devastation caused by
man-made and natural disasters. The effects of climate change are evident for all. The
Mediterranean region is particularly vulnerable and exposed to such disasters. A joint Civil
Protection programme on prevention, preparation and response to disasters, linking the region
more closely to the EU Civil Protection Mechanism, is, therefore, one of the main priorities for
the region.
Alternative Energies: Mediterranean Solar Plan: The recent activity on energy markets in
terms of both supply and demand, confirms the need to focus on alternative energy sources.
Market deployment as well as research and development of all alternative sources of energy are
therefore a major priority in efforts towards assuring sustainable development. The Secretariat is
tasked to explore the feasibility, development and creation of a Mediterranean Solar Plan.

19

Higher Education and Research, Euro-Mediterranean University: A Euro-Mediterranean
University (with its seat in Slovenia) can contribute to the understanding among people and
encourage cooperation in higher education, following up on the objectives of the Catania Process
and of the First Euro-Mediterranean Ministerial Conference on Higher Education and Scientific
Research (Cairo, June 2007). Through a cooperation network of partner institutions and existing
universities from the Euro-Med region, the Euro-Mediterranean University will develop
postgraduate and research programmes and thus contribute to the establishment of the EuroMediterranean Higher Education, Science and Research Area. Partner countries are encouraged
to make full use of possibilities offered by existing higher education cooperation programmes
such as Tempus and Erasmus Mundus, including the External Cooperation Window. Particular
attention should be paid to enhancing quality and to ensuring the relevance of vocational training
to labour market needs.

The Mediterranean Business Development Initiative is aimed at assisting the existing entities
in partner countries operating in support of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises by
assessing the needs of these enterprises, defining policy solutions and providing these entities
with resources in the form of technical assistance and financial instruments. It will be based on
the principle of co-ownership and its activities are expected to be complementary to those of the
existing entities working in the field. Contributions by countries from both rims of the
Mediterranean will be done on a voluntary basis.
***

20