COUNCIL OF
THE EUROPEAN UNION

Brussels, 12 November 2009

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PROCIV 173
POLGEN 180
CAB 57
ENV 772
SAN 300
TRANS 443
CODUN 41
CONOP 91
CHIMIE 93
COPEN 221
DROIPEN 150
CRIMORG 168
JAI 795
ATO 134
RECH 385
RELEX 1020
COTER 125
PHARM 21
PESTICIDE 19
VISA 383
ENFOCUSTOM 123
ENFOPOL 281
IND 149
AGRI 488
AGRILEG 207
VETER 56
DENLEG 112
"I/A" ITEM NOTE
From:
To:
No. prev. doc.:
Subject:

General Secretariat
Coreper/Council
11513/3/09 REV 3, 14988/09, 14859/1/09 REV 1, 14862/1/09 REV 1
Council conclusions on strengthening chemical, biological, radiological and
nuclear (CBRN) security in the European Union an EU CBRN Action Plan
- Adoption

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1.

On 24 June 2009 the Commission adopted its communication on strengthening chemical,
biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) security in the European Union - an EU CBRN
Action Plan1, which was based on the findings of a CBRN Task Force established by the
Commission in February 2008, involving both public and private stakeholders, as well as on
the results of its closing seminar, held in Prague, Czech Republic in January 2009.

2.

The overall goal of the above policy package is an all-hazard approach to reduce the threat of
and damage from CBRN incidents of accidental, natural or intentional origin, including acts
of terrorism.

3.

The draft EU CBRN Action Plan, including a suggested preamble, and a set of draft Council
conclusions, were examined by the Working Party on Civil Protection with the participation
of CBRN experts at its meetings on 7-8 July, 16 September, 2 and 14 October.
On 4 November 2009 the Working Party reached agreement on the text set out in the Annex.2

4.

On this basis, the Permanent Representatives Committee is asked to invite the Council to
adopt the conclusions and to approve the EU CBRN Action Plan set out in the Annex as an
"A" item on the agenda of a forthcoming meeting.

.

1
2

11480/09 - COM(2009) 273.
The Danish delegation entered a parliamentary scrutiny reservation.

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ANNEX

COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS on strengthening chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear
(CBRN) security in the European Union - an EU CBRN Action Plan

1.

Acknowledging that chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) materials are
produced, transported and handled under many different circumstances, posing a risk to
society; while so far major incidents involving CBRN materials, including terrorist acts, have
been relatively few, the consequences of such an incident could be devastating;

2.

Noting that the EU as well as the Member States have taken numerous measures to protect
the population against the risks and threats of CBRN incidents of an accidental, natural or
intentional origin;

3.

Noting that it is primarily Member States' responsibility to protect the population against
CBRN incidents and that initiatives at the EU level should be taken in accordance with the
principles of subsidiarity and proportionality, as well as be guided by the principle of
solidarity;

4.

Considering that any new EU measures in this field should be based on risk and threat
assessments as well as a cost-benefit assessment, should draw upon existing work, avoid
duplications and provide an added value for the Member States, while ensuring a coherent and
consistent approach to security cooperation;

5.

Acknowledging that counter-terrorism activities must be conducted with full respect for
international law, including human rights and the principle of the rule of law; confidentiality
of certain types of information should be duly taken into account;

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6.

Recalling that Member States and third countries facing CBRN incidents that overwhelm
their national response capability can, at any time, request the activation of the Community
Civil Protection Mechanism3 to pool immediate civil protection and medical assistance
available in Member States;

7.

Recalling that on 20 December 2002 the Council and the Commission jointly adopted their
programme to improve cooperation in the European Union for preventing and limiting the
consequences of CBRN terrorist threats (CBRN Programme)4; recalling, in particular, the EU
Action Plan on combating terrorism, created shortly after the attacks of 11 September 2001;

8.

Recalling that tackling terrorist access to weapons and explosives, ranging from components
for homemade explosives to CBRN material, is a key priority under the European Union
Counter-Terrorism Strategy adopted by Council on 1 December 20055 and under the EU
strategy against proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) adopted by the
European Council on 12 December 20036;

9.

Recalling that in its conclusions of 22 February 2007 on the Health Security Committee7 the
Council extended the HSC's terms of reference to pandemic influenza and generic
preparedness and response planning in addition to its competence in the field of CBRN, and
that in its conclusions of 16 December 2008 on health security8 the Council emphasised the
necessity to improve and strengthen the coordination of responses to CBRN threats;

3

4
5
6
7
8

Council Decision of 8 November 2007 establishing a Community Civil Protection Mechanism (recast),
OJ L 314, 1.12.2007, p. 9.
14627/02.
14469/4/05 REV 4, paragraphs 20 and 31.
15708/03.
5862/07 + COR 1.
16515/08 + COR 1.

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10.

Recalling that the Council conclusions of 12 June 20079 on preparedness for decontamination
of casualties following CBRN incidents, invite countries participating in the civil protection
mechanism to develop close cooperation, in particular in cross-border interventions with
neighbouring countries, in order to facilitate mutual assistance and cooperation within the
mechanism. Stressing to that end the need for joint exercises, in particular for mass
decontamination and the decontamination of casualties;

11.

Recalling that the Commission's green paper on bio-preparedness of July 200710 increased the
awareness of CBRN risks and threats and launched a process of consultation at European
level on how to reduce biological risks and enhance preparedness and response, based on an
all-hazards approach, targeting risks deriving from natural disasters and accidents, while
giving priority to the terrorist threat; and recalling that the Council conclusions of
6 December 200711 on CBRN risks and on bio-preparedness show the way forward for an allhazard approach on how to address CBRN risks of natural or man-made origin, in particular
those stemming from the terrorist threat;

12.

Having regard to the inventory of EU CBRN instruments relevant for addressing prevention,
preparedness and response to biological risks existing in the areas of human health, including
occupational health and safety, animal and plant health, police, research, environment and
civil protection, noted by the Council in June 200812;

13.

Recalling that Council Conclusions of 27 November 200813 on the creation of a CBRN
database invited EUROPOL to create a European CBRN database in which to gather and
centralise technical information on CBRN terrorism-related events and CBRN products and
materials which may be used with malicious intent;

9
10
11
12
13

10015/07.
11951/07, COM(2007) 399 final.
16589/07.
10382/08.
15294/2/08 REV 2.

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14.

Recalling the obligations under various international agreements and treaties, such as the
Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention
(BTWC), the Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and the Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty (NPT), as well as the need to work with partners and international
organisations on the non-proliferation of CBRN materials, as highlighted by the
abovementioned EU strategies;

15.

Recalling that an extensive framework has already been developed in the health sector, and
that existing information exchange mechanisms, such as the EWRS14, RAS BICHAT, the
RASFF15 and ECURIE16, will play an important role in the implementation of the healthrelated measures of the Action Plan;

16.

Recalling the work of the CBRN Task Force launched in February 2008, with a view to
preparing a list of measures that could be undertaken at EU level and in the Member States in
order to lower the risks of terrorist acts using CBRN materials17; and considering the
outcome of the conference "Enhancing CBRN security", held in Prague, the Czech Republic,
on 29 and 30 January 2009 and the report of the CBRN Task Force;

14

15

16

17

Commission Decision 2000/57/EC of 22 December 1999 on the early warning and response system for the
prevention and control of communicable diseases, OJ L 21, 26.01.2000, p. 32, as amended by Commission
Decision 2008/351/EC of 28 April 2008, OJ L 117, 1.05.2008, p.40.
Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food
law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety,
OJ L 31, 1.02.2002.
Council Decision 87/600/Euratom of 14 December 1987 on Community arrangements for the early exchange of
information in the event of a radiological emergency, OJ L 371, 30/12/1987, p. 76.
The final report of the Task Force was presented on 13 January 2009.

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THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION:

17.

WELCOMES the Commission communication on strengthening chemical, biological,
radiological and nuclear security in the European Union – an EU CBRN Action Plan18
containing actions concerning prevention, detection, preparedness and response, supported by
horizontal measures in the context of high-risk CBRN materials;

18.

SUPPORTS the overall goal of the CBRN communication to reduce the threat and possible
consequences arising from CBRN incidents for the citizens of the EU, by means of a
coherent, prioritised EU CBRN Action Plan;

19.

APPROVES the EU chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) Action Plan as
set out in the Annex;

20.

CALLS ON the Commission and the Member States to undertake the implementation of the
EU CBRN Action Plan in order to enhance preventive, detection and response measures in the
field of CBRN threats and risks, giving special attention to the implementation of the key
actions identified in the Action Plan;

21.

SUPPORTS the Commission's intention to establish a CBRN Advisory Group and subgroups, bringing together state representatives, technical experts and relevant stakeholders,
including, where appropriate, the private sector, in order to take the implementation of the EU
CBRN Action Plan forward;

22.

ENCOURAGES the Member States and the Commission to promote an enhanced security
culture inter alia by:

-

focusing on the enhancement of knowledge in Member States in the field of CBRN
security by way of improved risk assessments, research, the exchange of best practices
and joint training and exercises;

18

11480/09 - COM(2009) 273.

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-

contributing to an adequate perception of the risks associated with CBRN materials by
disseminating experience and knowledge to relevant stakeholders such as public
authorities, first responders, researchers, the general public, security managers and staff;

23.

WELCOMES the Commission's intention to launch an EU CBRN Resilience Programme,
bringing together the various civil protection activities included in the EU CBRN Action Plan
and ensuring a consolidated contribution to the overall implementation of this Action Plan;

24.

INVITES the Commission to report back to the Council on a regular basis on the
implementation of the EU CBRN Action Plan and to submit a comprehensive progress report
for the first time by the end of 2011 and calls on the Member States to assist the Commission
in this task through providing the necessary information on implementation of the EU CBRN
Action Plan at the national level.

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Annex I
EU CBRN Action Plan

The EU CBRN Action Plan is aimed at strengthening CBRN security in the European Union. Its
overall goal is to reduce the threat and damage from CBRN incidents of accidental, natural and
intentional origin. The EU CBRN Action Plan is broadly based on an all-hazard approach, including
terrorist threats, and contributes to the implementation of the EU Counter Terrorism Strategy 19.
The Action Plan constitutes a political commitment, which may be seen as a roadmap of intentions
for the coming years.

The implementation of the actions in the EU CBRN Action Plan should be guided by the following
principles:
•

While it is first and foremost the responsibility of each Member State to protect its
population against CBRN incidents, initiatives at the EU level should be guided by the
principle of EU solidarity;

•

Whereas the European Union can provide added value and support projects across the
EU, and in general terms ensure a coherent and consistent approach to cooperation on
this issue between the Member States, the European Union's supportive role in this area
should be in accordance with the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality,
giving preference where possible to non-legislative solutions;

•

In order to avoid duplication, any new EU measures in this field should be coherent
with and based on the existing national and international regulations and draw upon
existing work in other relevant international organisations;

•

Policies established by the Action Plan to address CBRN risks should be further
developed in close consultation with national authorities and, where appropriate, in
consultation with the private sector, academic institutions and other relevant
stakeholders;

19

14469/4/05 REV4.

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•

Action to address the CBRN threat should be based on risk- and threat assessments
and on cost-benefit assessments, in order to ensure that the measures taken are relevant
and effective;

•

The confidentiality of certain types of information should be duly taken into account
during the implementation phase of the CBRN Action Plan;

•

Action to address the CBRN threat should be conducted with full respect for
international law, including human rights and the principle of the rule of law;

•

The implementation of the actions included in the EU CBRN Action Plan will be
financially supported through existing Community programmes and instruments,
which include the Programmes: "Prevention, Preparedness and Consequence
Management of Terrorism and other Security related risks"20, and "Prevention of and
Fight against Crime"21, as well as the Civil Protection Financial Instrument22, and the
Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and
demonstration activities23 (in particular the Security Research theme). Moreover, the EU
Health Programme 2008-2013 will continue to support the work of the Health Security
Committee and actions on preparedness and response to CBRN threats to public health;

•

There is a clear difference between environmental detection activities and human
diagnostic activities. These distinct activities necessitate the involvement of specialists
with a different profile.

20
21
22
23

OJ L 58, 24.2.2007, p. 1–6.
OJ L 58, 24.2.2007, p. 7.
OJ L 71, 10.3.2007, p. 9.
Decision No 982/2006/EC, OJ L 412, 30.12.2006, p. 1.

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EU CBRN Action Plan
1. Prevention ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Goal 1: Develop EU lists of high-risk CBRN materials and risk-based approaches to
security ............................................................................................................................ 13
Goal 2: Enhance the security of high risk CBRN materials and facilities ............................... 15
Goal 3: Enhance control over high risk CBRN materials ........................................................ 22
Goal 4: Contribute to the development of a high security culture of staff ............................... 27
Goal 5: Improve the identification and reporting of suspicious transactions and
behaviour......................................................................................................................... 30
Goal 6: Enhance the security of transport ................................................................................ 31
Goal 7: Improve information exchange.................................................................................... 34
Goal 8: Strengthen the import/export regime ........................................................................... 38
Goal 9: Strengthen cooperation on the security of nuclear materials....................................... 40
2. Detection ........................................................................................................................................ 42
Goal 1: Establish a scenario-based/modelling approach to identifying work priorities in
the detection field............................................................................................................ 42
Goal 2: Establish trialling, testing and certification schemes for CBRN detection in the
EU ................................................................................................................................... 45
Goal 3: Develop minimum detection standards ....................................................................... 47
Goal 4: Identify good practices related to the detection of CBRN materials, awareness
raising and training.......................................................................................................... 50
Goal 5: Improve the exchange of information.......................................................................... 53
3. Preparedness and response............................................................................................................. 54
Goal 1: Improve emergency planning ...................................................................................... 54
Goal 2: Strengthen countermeasure capacity ........................................................................... 58
Goal 3: Improve domestic and international information flows regarding CBRN
emergencies..................................................................................................................... 60
Goal 4: Develop improved modelling tools and strengthen decontamination and
remediation capacity ....................................................................................................... 62
Goal 5: Improve the capacity to conduct criminal investigations ............................................ 65
4. Actions applicable to CBRN prevention, detection and response ................................................. 67
Goal 1: Enhance international cooperation .............................................................................. 67
Goal 2: Improve communication with the public..................................................................... 68
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Goal 3: Develop improved information tools for CBRN security............................................ 70
Goal 4: Improve training .......................................................................................................... 72
Goal 5: Strengthen personnel security...................................................................................... 75
Goal 6: Strengthen and prioritise research ............................................................................... 78
Goal 7: Ensure the criminalisation of CBRN terrorism ........................................................... 83

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1. PREVENTION
Horizontal (H)

Chemical (C)

Biological (B)

Radiological-Nuclear (RN)

Goal 1: Develop EU lists of high-risk CBRN materials and risk-based approaches to security24
Action H.1

The Member States together with the Commission should establish and regularly update EU lists of:
• high-risk chemical agents;
• high risk biological agents and toxins;
• high-risk radioactive sources;
of special security concern.
The lists should be developed through a joint effort involving various actors, with scientific and security expertise from the Member States, the Commission Europol, Eurojust and
relevant international organisations. These lists should be based on a risk assessment analysis and should take account of existing relevant lists, including those developed by other
international organisations. The work should include an agreement on the criteria and method to be used for establishing and applying such lists, including quantitative thresholds
where appropriate.

This process should include the following steps:

24

Although reference is made to CBRN materials throughout this Action Plan, nuclear materials are for the most part well-covered by existing regulations. This will be duly taken
into account in the implementation of the EU CBRN Action Plan.

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Chemical (C)

Biological (B)

Radiological-Nuclear (RN)

• identifying and analysing relevant CBRN materials,
• assessing its potential for being used for malicious purposes and the possible impact;
• selecting the most dangerous materials in terms of their potential for being used for malicious purposes;
• assessing its vulnerability in terms of theft/loss (ease of obtaining it).

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 1, 82, 83, 167

Action H.2

The Commission should:
• establish fora for EU level dialogue between relevant authorities in the field of CBRN risk-management in order to take cross-border threats fully into account in national and EU
planning processes. This should allow the attainment of a common understanding among the Member States and the Commission of the risks faced by the entire EU.
• facilitate the exchange of best-practices concerning CBRN risk-management by organising regional/EU level meetings and channelling funding toward the
development/identification/implementation of suitable methodologies.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 2, 88, 168, 169

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Chemical (C)

Biological (B)

Radiological-Nuclear (RN)

Goal 2: Enhance the security of high risk CBRN materials and facilities
Action H.3

The Member States together with the Commission should develop criteria on assessing security arrangements at high-risk CBRN facilities.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendations No. 41, 99, 173

Action H.4

The Member States should:
• work towards a clear definition of the responsibilities of the operator and the State in terms of security of high-risk facilities;
• ensure that local law enforcement authorities and other relevant security agencies possess information on high-risk CBRN facilities in their area.

Involved actors: MS
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 35, 38

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Action H.5

The Commission should launch studies on:
• the applicability of existing safety provisions to enhancing CBRN security;
• training requirements for inspection and enforcement entities, so that they can provide the highest possible levels of relevant CBRN security expertise.

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: 2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 36, 40

Action C.1

Action B.1

Action RN.1

The Member States should encourage relevant authorities

The Commission should assist the Member States in the

The Member States should ensure that law-enforcement

to engage in dialogue with the relevant site security

proper implementation of applicable procedures at "the

authorities keep the operators of facilities in which high-

managers and to advise operators on the necessary levels of

laboratory bench level" and in developing mechanisms for

risk radioactive sources are present informed on a need-to-

security. Member States should encourage the

assessing and monitoring its correct implementation.

know basis about potential threats. If no system exists,

establishment of trusted relationships between security
managers and law enforcement counterparts.

Involved actors: MS

each Member State should consider establishing a
Involved actors: Commission/MS

communication mechanism in order to quickly transfer

Implementation period: Ongoing

security related information to security managers in

Task Force Recommendation No. 89

facilities in which high-risk radioactive sources are
handled.

Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 39

Involved actors: MS

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Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 172

Action C.2

Action B.2

Action RN.2

The Member States should take all appropriate measures to

The Member States should establish:

The Member States together with the Commission should

ensure that security plans/security management systems are

• a registry of facilities possessing any of the substances

analyse potential gaps and, if needed, propose solutions

in place in high-risk chemical facilities. The security plans
should provide for graduated levels of security based on the
existing threat level or situation. Relevant authorities of a
Member State should be involved in assessing whether

on the EU list of high risk biological agents and toxins
within each Member State while allowing access to
law enforcement, taking security requirements into

with regard to security requirements for facilities in which
certain high-risk sources are manufactured and/or
disposed of (and which are located outside of nuclear
facilities).

account;

these security plans satisfy the necessary level of protection
requirements. Security plans/security management systems

• a process to verify whether security arrangements of

should be integrated into the existing safety documents of

facilities

the establishment.

laboratories handling and possessing any of the EU list

are

adequate,

including

diagnostic

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendation No. 171

of high risk biological agents and toxins;
Involved actors: MS
Implementation period: from 2010

• a mechanism within facilities storing biological agents

Task Force Recommendation No. 34

and toxins on the EU list of high risk biological agents
and toxins to regularly review the need of such
biological agents and toxins while keeping a good
record of stored materials.
Involved actors: MS/ Commission/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: from 2010-2014
Task Force Recommendations No. 98, 100, 104

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Action B.3

Action RN.3

The Commission together with the Member States should

The Member States together with the Commission should

support:

conduct an analysis of the feasibility of linking security

• a process whereby facilities (clinical, diagnostic,

vetting/background check requirements to existing

university, etc) would avoid keeping clinical samples
containing any of substances on the EU list of high

licensing systems used to authorise the handling of highrisk radioactive sources.

risk biological agents and toxins unnecessarily;
Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
• the identification and development of good practices
on handling clinical samples containing any of the

Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendation No.186

substances on the EU list of high risk biological agents
and toxins;
• progress in creating collaborative networks of facilities
working on substances on the EU list of high risk
biological agents and toxins while taking into account
existing networks.
Involved actors: MS/Commission/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendations No. 102-103

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Action C.3

Action B.4

The Member States together with the Commission should

The Commission together with the Member States should

encourage the chemical industry to develop and implement

take relevant steps so that:

the security side of the Responsible Care programme.

• a comprehensive overview of the relevant regulations
or standards at hand and their relevance to biosecurity

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies

and biosafety is achieved;

Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendation No. 32

• facilities possessing substances on the EU list of high
risk

biological

agents

appropriate

the

Workshop

Agreement

and

toxins

implementation
(CWA

consider

as

the

CEN25

15793),

WHO

of

Laboratory Biosecurity Guidance or their national
equivalent standards - unless equal or more stringent
national regulations have to be considered;
• appropriate national regulations or standards are met as
part of a national authorisation or accreditation process
or as a condition for issuing licences for work with
substances on the EU list of high risk biological agents
and toxins. Regular control over the adherence to and
implementation of such regulations or standards

25

European Committee for Standardisation.

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should also be ensured.
Involved actors: MS/Commission/relevant stakeholder
Implementation period: Ongoing
Task Force Recommendations No. 117, 119

Action C.4

The Member States together with the Commission should
develop a strategic approach to high-risk chemical facility
security which identifies key objectives and steps to be
taken in order to increase security, based on national risk
assessment approaches.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendation No. 37

Action C.5

The Member States together with the Commission should
encourage industry to replace, where possible, the use of
high-risk chemicals with suitable lower-risk alternates and
to reduce the transport of high-risk chemicals where this is
economically and technically viable.

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Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendation No. 3

Action C.6

The Commission should bring together the relevant
security authorities from the Member States in order to
identify good practices concerning the security of high-risk
chemical facilities. Based on this work, the Commission
should develop a good practice document addressing such
issues as:
• the responsibility of an authority to assess the security
measures in place for various types of materials;
• varying levels of security measures adapted to the risk
posed by particular chemical agents, amounts of certain
materials or combinations of materials, including
background checks for personnel, physical security
measures and information security.
Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: 2011
Task Force Recommendation No. 33

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Goal 3: Enhance control over high risk CBRN materials
Action C.7

Action RN.4

Member States together with the Commission should make

The Member States should ensure that national source

sure that where this does not take place already today, the

registries contain comprehensive information on all high-

chemical industry ensures that in line with international

risk sources and their holders.

obligations, high-risk chemicals and equipment are only
delivered to legitimate users. An appropriate customer

Involved actors: MS

qualification scheme should be established in this regard,

Implementation period: 2010-2015

which is proportionate to the risk and cost effective. The

Task Force Recommendation No. 170

risks associated with trade of chemicals over the Internet
should be investigated further.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: from 2010-2012
Task Force Recommendation No. 4

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Action RN.5

The Commission together with the Member States should
encourage users of high-risk radiological materials and
other relevant stakeholders to follow best practice (e.g. on
usage, transport, storage and disposal), on the basis of
existing regulations, and where possible, replace high risk
radiological materials with suitable alternatives.

Involved actors: Commission/MS

Action C.8

Action RN.6

Member States together with the Commission should

The Member States should, wherever possible, launch

assess the benefits of establishing and if needed should

recovery programmes for disused high-risk sources. The

consider creating a licensing scheme for certain high-risk

launch of a source recovery programme could be coupled

26

chemicals (in particular for certain CWA precursors)

with the creation of a source exchange system among the

similar to that existing for certain scheduled substances in

Member States, so that recovered sources can be made

the framework of the Drug Precursors Regulation. For

available to those States that need them (rather than

27

chemicals covered by the CWC and the Australia Group,

manufacturing new sources).

the CWC licensing scheme should be considered as
meeting some or all of the set-out objectives. Appropriate
26
27

Involved actors: MS

Chemical Warfare Agents.
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attention should be given to the social and economic costs

Implementation period: 2011-2015

of including mass chemicals.

Task Force Recommendation No. 178

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: from 2011
Task Force Recommendation No. 5

Action C.9

Action RN.7

The Commission should perform a feasibility assessment

The Member States together with the Commission should

on the possibility of using the delivery documentation

assess the potential and practicalities of establishing

mechanism to better understand and monitor the supply

tracking systems for high-risk sources (e.g. user-

chain (possibly link it to tracking and tracing).

accessible web-based systems; electronic tagging of
sources), including a cost-benefit analysis.

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: from 2010

Involved actors: MS/Commission

Task Force Recommendation No. 9

Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendation No. 174

Action C.10

The Commission should launch a study concerning the
availability of certain high-risk chemicals to the general
public and potential security gaps in the supply chain.

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EN

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: from 2011
Task Force Recommendation No. 10
Action RN.8

The Commission together with the Member States should
launch studies on the causes and consequences of the loss
of control over radioactive sources, on the current status
of used and disused sources in the EU and on transport
patterns for legal uses of radioactive sources.

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: 2010-2015
Task Force Recommendation No. 176

Action RN.9

The Commission should facilitate the exchange of
experience on successful strategies concerning the
detection and recovery of orphan sources (article 9 of the
HASS28 Directive).

Involved actors: Commission

28

Directive 2003/122/EURATOM of 22 December 2003 on the control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and orphan sources, OJ L 346, 31.12.2003, p. 57.

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Implementation period: 2010-2015
Task Force Recommendation No. 177

Action RN.10

Europol, taking account of the studies already carried out,
should lead an analysis of losses, thefts and other relevant
criminal activities related to high-risk sources in the EU.
This analysis should take due account of the nature of
these particular incidents and the nature of the actual
sources, including orphan sources. The analysis should
also focus on the question whether and to which extent a
black market for radioactive materials exists inside or
outside Europe. It could be carried out in cooperation with
the IAEA29, Interpol and other relevant authorities. It
should be made available to the relevant national
authorities and reviewed regularly.

Involved actors: Europol/MS/Commission
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 199

29

International Atomic Energy Agency.

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EN

Goal 4: Contribute to the development of a high security culture of staff
Action H.6

The Member States together with the Commission should identify, develop and spread good practices in security training and education in order to raise awareness of appropriate
protection procedures related to persons working with/having access to or handling high-risk CBRN materials.

Consideration should also be given to developing EU guidelines for minimum security training requirements for persons working with, having access to, or handling such materials,
based on the national experience across the EU 27. This could be done by way of a peer review process through which experts from the Member States would visit each other with a
view to learning from their experience and exchanging best practices in specific fields.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU bodies and agencies
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 26, 189

Action H.7

The Member States should develop and encourage the implementation of specific training programmes for private security staff who may encounter high risk CBRN materials.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU bodies and agencies/ private security companies
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 29, 190

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Action H.8

The Member States together with the Commission should :
- engage with research stakeholders to raise awareness of security issues and facilitate the exchange of good practices on dealing with security threats;
- implement, where appropriate, specific security training for staff in industry and research, where high risk CBRN materials are present.

This work should lead to an increased security culture within research and industry.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 27, 207

Action C.11

Action B.5

The Member States together with the Commission should

The Commission together with the Member States should

encourage the chemical industry to develop and to adopt

encourage professional and other relevant associations

codes of conduct concerning awareness of security-related

working on bio-issues to develop and adopt codes of

issues.

conduct for their Members.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies

Implementation period: from 2010

Implementation period: ongoing

Task Force Recommendation No. 30

Task Force Recommendation No. 95

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Action B.6

The Member States together with the Commission should
define requirements for biosafety officers (roles,
competences and training).

Involved actors: MS/Commission/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: 2010-2011
Task Force Recommendation No. 121

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Goal 5: Improve the identification and reporting of suspicious transactions and behaviour
Action H.9

Member States together with the Commission should:
• identify and exchange good practices on the reporting of suspicious transactions in relation to high risk CBRN materials used by private and public entities within the EU (e.g.
industry, medical sector, research);
• establish modalities for reporting loss or suspicious transactions while enhancing awareness of relevant stakeholders about suspicious transactions and urge stakeholders to report
such transactions to law-enforcement authorities.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 7, 96-97, 195

Action H.10

Member States together with the Commission should develop guidelines for the industry, the medical sector and the research community containing criteria identifying the forms of
behaviour, in relation to transactions, which may give rise to suspicion. Member State authorities should provide guidance to stakeholders on what suspicious transactions are.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 6, 196

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Goal 6: Enhance the security of transport
Action H.11

The Commission should organise workshops on transport security with regard to CBRN materials. These workshops should bring together experts from the transport sector and other
relevant sectors, the security services, law enforcement and supervisory authorities. The workshops should address the following issues:
• assess whether existing transport security rules fully cover all CBRN materials;
• identify and exchange good practices in the Member States concerning the transport of CBRN materials (e.g. limited quantities in one transport; or tracking systems);
• assess the need for developing tracking and tracing systems for the transport of CBRN materials;
• identify and exchange good practices concerning the implementation of current ADR30, RID31, ADN32 and IMDG Code33 requirements such as the development of security plans;
• identify security requirements for logistics enterprises for the transport of high-risk CBRN materials;
• consider the implications of a notification system for the international transport of high risk CBRN materials;
• consider the implications and costs/benefits of introducing a requirement that only licensed transporters would be used for the transport of high risk CBRN materials. These
licensed transporters would be obliged to follow agreed minimum security requirements;
• assess the possible negative impact of strict requirements for transport on transporters of high risk substances and examine potential remedies.
This work should feed into existing processes such as the UNECE34-OTIF35 Joint Meeting.

30
31
32
33

34

European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road.
European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail.
European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways.
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (developed as a uniform international code for the transport of dangerous goods by sea, covering such matters as packing,
container traffic and stowage, with particular reference to the segregation of incompatible substances).
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.

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Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendations No. 43, 115, 180

Action H.12

The Member States together with the Commission should encourage that links between law enforcement authorities, other relevant national security agencies and supervisory
authorities and transporters of CBRN materials are enhanced.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendations No. 44, 110

Action H.13

The Member States should ensure that the training of transport staff concerning existing legislative requirements on the security of CBRN materials is improved where appropriate.
CBRN exercises conducted by Member States should take matters of transport security into account.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendations No. 116, 179

35

Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail.

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Action RN.11
Action B.7
The Member States together with the Commission should
The Commission together with the Member States should
initiate the creation of an EU capability and mechanism to
rapidly and safely transport biological samples, in

assess the feasibility and potential costs/benefits of
creating an electronic system for the control of crossborder transfers of high-risk radioactive sources.

accordance with international regulations.
Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: 2010-2014

Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendation No. 181

Task Force Recommendation No. 142
Action RN.12

The Commission should launch a study analysing whether
(and how) all radioactive sources, and especially those
identified as high-risk, are covered by existing legal
regimes concerning transport. Depending on the outcome
of the analysis mentioned above, the need for new
transport rules in relation to high-risk sources should be
assessed.

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: 2011-2015
Task Force Recommendation No. 182

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Goal 7: Improve information exchange
Action H.14

The Member States should analyse whether potential problem areas exist in the horizontal and vertical flow of information among the entities dealing with high-risk CBRN materials
both within and across the individual Member States. Each Member State should assess whether relevant need-to-know information on actual threats reaches its license holders.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: 2010-2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 13, 193

Action H.15

The Member States should ensure that each party within the supply chain informs without delay the relevant national authorities in the event of theft or loss of high-risk CBRN
materials. The relevant national authorities should inform without delay the relevant law enforcement and supervisory authorities responsible for gathering and responding to this
information where this has not already been done by the party concerned within the supply chain.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: 2011-2012
Task Force Recommendations No. 17, 197

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Action H.16

The Member States should ensure a high level of information exchange between relevant actors by having a clearly established notification mechanism which would allow anyone to
inform the relevant authorities about a loss/theft of high-risk CBRN materials or about a suspicious transaction. As a minimum requirement, facility security managers should have
the necessary contact information for relevant local law enforcement authorities.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: 2011-2012
Task Force Recommendations No. 18, 198

Action H.17

The Member States together with the Commission should encourage public authorities to provide, as appropriate, adequate security information to the entire supply chain of high-risk
CBRN materials, first responders (police, fire-departments, medical services, other special units as needed) and educational establishments to focus attention on issues of concern.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: 2010-2012
Task Force Recommendation No. 14, 245

Action H.18

The Member States and the Commission should consider establishing a mechanism in order to quickly transfer security related information to security managers in facilities in which
high-risk CBRN materials are present.

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Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: 2011-2012
Task Force Recommendation No. 15
Action RN.13

The Commission should analyse whether existing
systems, in particular the IAEA's ITDB36, provide
sufficient information for the users of the system. Europol
should be closely involved in this analysis. If the analysis
leads to the identification of gaps, further feasibility work
should be conducted on the ways of addressing these gaps.
This work should include considering the possibilities of
the European CBRN database to address these gaps.

Involved actors: Commission/EU bodies and agencies
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in
2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 204

36

Illicit Trafficking Database.

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Action RN.14

The Member States together with the Commission should
support the IAEA's Illicit Trafficking Database with a
view to ensuring real time accessibility for law
enforcement authorities, ensuring the highest possible
quality of the recorded data. Enhanced EU cooperation in
this area should lead to making sure that all relevant losses
and recoveries of radioactive sources are reported.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies/relevant
stakeholders
Implementation period: 2010-2011
Task Force Recommendation No. 205

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Goal 8: Strengthen the import/export regime
Action H.19

The Member States together with the Commission should ensure consistent application of the existing regulations with respect to the import-export regime for high-risk CBRN
materials.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/relevant stakeholders

Action RN.15

The Commission should assess the need to address the
issue of import/export rules in relation to potential highrisk sources not covered by the HASS Directive.

Involved actors: Commission/MS
Implementation period: 2012
Task Force Recommendation No. 183

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Action RN.16

The Commission should assess to what extent the Code of
Conduct and the IAEA Guidance cover the export and
import of all high-risk radioactive sources and how these
documents are implemented in the EU Member States.

Involved actors: Commission/MS
Implementation period: 2012
Task Force Recommendation No. 184

Action RN.17

The Commission should examine the need and feasibility
of drawing up common EU criteria for authorising imports
and exports from and to third countries, following an
assessment of how the EU Member States implement the
IAEA Guidance on the Import and Export of Radioactive
Sources.

Involved actors: Commission/MS
Implementation period: 2010-2012
Task Force Recommendation No. 185

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Goal 9: Strengthen cooperation on the security of nuclear materials
Action RN.18

The Member States together with the Commission should
progress the ratification of the amendment to the
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear
Materials by the EU Member States/Community.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: ongoing
Task Force Recommendation No. 215

Action RN.19

The Member States together with the Commission should
facilitate discussion among regulators, security specialists
and performance assessment experts from the EU Member
States, as well as the IAEA, in order to discuss progress
on the implementation of the amended Convention and
identify and exchange good practices concerning physical
protection measures. Existing forums should continue to
be used as appropriate.

Involved actors: MS/Commission

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Implementation period: ongoing
Task Force Recommendation No. 216

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2. DETECTION

37
Horizontal (H)

Chemical

Biological

Radiological/Nuclear

Goal 1: Establish a scenario-based/modelling approach to identifying work priorities in the detection field
Action H.20

The Member States together with the Commission should:
- develop scenarios at EU level based on EU wide risk assessment (including events with cross-border effects) built on existing scenarios and national experience while using the
"black box"38 mechanism;
- carry out a gap analysis by creating a matrix for each developed scenario of what is needed to identify CBRN materials and the detection technology already available.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 45, 47, 127, 217, 220

37

38

There is a clear difference between environmental detection activities and human diagnostic activities. These distinct activities necessitate the involvement of specialists with
a different profile.
The original "black box" was the World War II bomb sight whose internal mechanism was kept a secret. Later, it came to refer to any mechanism to which a variety of inputs
could be given and whose outputs could be observed, but whose contents, that is, whatever it was that transformed inputs into outputs, were unknown. In practice, this means
that the input from the participating Member States' experts is expected to be extrapolated from existing locations, names, real events or situations to more general (still) real
and relevant information/scenarios. Therefore, the aim of the debate will not be to analyse in detail the specific challenges individual Member Sates face, but rather to build on
the knowledge of participating experts.

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Chemical

Biological

Radiological/Nuclear

Action H.21

The Member States together with the Commission should strengthen and support:
• the exchange of methods and procedures for developing scenarios and for modelling;
• interconnecting detectors at national level where feasible, including data on incidents;
• the exchange of information and data regarding broader trends of what has been detected;
• the exchange and coordination of information on exercises and on lessons learnt among the Member States and other stakeholders when relevant.

Involved actors: MS/ Commission/ relevant agencies
Implementation period: from 2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 46, 128, 218, 222, 223

Action H.22

The Member States together with the Commission should develop a mechanism for information exchange among Member States on methodologies of scenario development related
to sampling and detection. The Commission should prepare an overview of Member State activities in this area. The Commission will support, as far as required, the exchange of
further information by those Member States wishing to do so, taking appropriate confidentiality requirements into account.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 132, 219, 221

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Chemical

Biological

Radiological/Nuclear

Action B.8

The Member States together with the Commission should
develop detection models for different biological
pathogens and toxins, considering distribution, possible
vectors, infectious dose and stability.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: 2012-2014
Task Force Recommendation No. 129

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Goal 2: Establish trialling, testing and certification schemes for CBRN detection in the EU
Action H.23

Taking into account the European (e.g. Euratom) and international requirements of legal metrology, the Member States together with the Commission should:
• map out and document the technical requirements necessary for the sampling and detection of CBRN materials, according to the field of application of the devices;
• exchange good practices, approaches to, and methodologies for quality assurance related to CBRN detection in the Member States;
• establish an EU wide validation and certification scheme to indicate whether detection systems and tools meet set requirements relying on existing capabilities and facilities. It
should comprise continuing quality assurance mechanisms;
• establish an EU wide testing scheme for detection tools and systems to assess the performance and quality of solutions relying on existing capabilities and facilities;
• establish an EU wide trialling scheme to evaluate the quality of both detection tools and systems in practical field operations relying on existing capabilities and facilities.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: from 2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 49, 50, 51, 52, 135, 136-138, 225, 226

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Action B.9

The Member States together with the Commission should
define;
• sets of relevant simulants of biological agents for field
tests, practical exercises and field technology trialling
at national level and EU level, where appropriate;
• criteria for method validation across detection of
human, animal and crop threats.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: 2012 - 2014
Task Force Recommendations No. 139, 141

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Goal 3: Develop minimum detection standards
Action H.24

Based on the outcome of actions [under Goal 2] aimed at establishing validation/certification schemes for CBRN sampling and detection in the EU, the Member States together with
the Commission should as far as feasible develop a coherent set of minimum technical detection standards (including within the context of border monitoring) based on scenarios,
user requirements and risk and threat assessments while building on existing work (e.g.: CEN). When developing such minimum technical standards, adequate engagement of the
private sector, where appropriate, should be ensured and forensic requirements for evidence considered.

When developing such minimum technical standards, adequate engagement of the private sector, especially the European Standardization Organizations (ESOs) (e.g. CEN,
CENELEC39, ETSI40), where appropriate, should be ensured and forensic requirements for evidence as well as legal general requirements for measurement instruments (legal
metrology) should be considered.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: 2012-2014
Task Force Recommendation No. 48, 224

39
40

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation.
European Telecommunications Standards Institute.

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Action B.10

Member States together with the Commission should,
building on existing work and networks across the EU,
develop reference material of biological agents for both
clinical and environmental samples (according to
internationally accepted standards) in order to achieve
quality assurance in detection.

Involved actors: MS/ Commission
Implementation period: 2011-2014
Task Force Recommendation No. 134

Action B.11

Member States together with the Commission should set
minimum requirements for sampling, detection,
identification and monitoring of pathogens and toxins
within a civilian security context at the EU level and make
these requirements available to the private sector, if
appropriate, subject to applicable requirements on
confidentiality.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/relevant stakeholders

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Implementation period: 2011-2014
Task Force Recommendation No. 148

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EN

Goal 4: Identify good practices related to the detection of CBRN materials, awareness raising and training
Action H.25

The Member States together with the Commission should assess the feasibility of EU handbooks on sampling and detection of CBRN materials for practitioners (e.g. operators of
detection devices) in view of the creation of joint investigation teams as well as an action card for first responders, building on existing work done at the EU and international level,
and within the Member States. These handbooks should be translated into all official EU languages.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/ relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 54, 149, 229

Action H.26

The Member States together with the Commission should:
• establish a mechanism of exchanging best practises in the field of awareness raising, training and exercises;
• support cooperation and information exchange among the Member States on calibrating detection devices;
• support the exchange of good practices on how to respond when CBRN materials are detected;
• identify and exchange good practices on sampling and detection methods and processes.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/ relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: 2012-2014

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Task Force Recommendations No. 55, 56, 57, 130, 131, 227, 228, 230

Action H.27

The Commission should:
• launch a study on what is currently in place in terms of CBRN border monitoring in the EU;
• support the exchange of best practices on optimal localisation of sampling and detection equipment based on the experience of the Member States.

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: 2010-2012

Action H.28

Member States should initiate the development of mobile detection, identification and sampling capabilities, supported by the Commission at the EU level.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: 2010-2014
Task Force Recommendations No. 147

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Action B.12

Action RN.20

Member States together with the Commission should

The Member States together with the Commission should

enhance and support:

develop an adequate and sustainable training programme

• cooperation among laboratories assigned to deal with

at EU level to ensure a minimum level of training for front

unknown pathogens and toxins at national level;

line officers. The JRC41 can play an important part in this
process.

• networking among existing laboratories which are
competent

and

have

capacity

across

the

EU

Involved actors: MS/Commission/ relevant stakeholders

specialising in high risk biological agents and toxins as

Implementation period: 2012-2014

well as establish a network of reference laboratories

Task Force Recommendation No. 231

within the EU where appropriate.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: Ongoing
Task Force Recommendations No. 143, 145-146

41

Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.

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Goal 5: Improve the exchange of information
Action C.12

Action B.13

Action RN.21

The Member States together with the Commission should

The Members States together with the Commission should

The Member States together with the Commission should

communicate the technical requirements of sampling and

support:

promote and support EU and national projects performing

detection devices established in accordance with Action H

• EU and national projects performing measurements of

monitoring of radiation (background levels) for security

23 to the private sector. They should acquire knowledge of
available capabilities and future research plans of the
private sector.

biological background at specific areas, and enhance
cooperation and information exchange among Member

purposes. Cooperation and information exchange among
the Member States on such projects should be enhanced.

States on the procedures in such projects;
Involved actors: MS/Commission

Involved actors: MS/Commission

• exchange good practices among Member States on

Implementation period: ongoing

cases and processes when a dangerous biological

Task Force Recommendation No. 53

substance is detected.

Implementation period: ongoing
Task Force Recommendation No. 233

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 150 - 151

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EN

3. PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
Horizontal (H)
Chemical (C)

Biological (B)

Radiological/Nuclear (RN)

Goal 1: Improve emergency planning42
Action H.29

Each Member State should:
• ensure that CBRN risks are appropriately taken into account in their emergency response plans (where applicable into both national and local plans) on the basis of risk and threat
assessments. The requirements of possible criminal investigations and forensics should be adequately taken into account in these plans;
• assess CBRN emergency response plans for high risk public locations and high-risk public events;
• exchange information with other Member States on their existing CBRN emergency response plans.

Involved actors: MS
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 59, 155, 235, 239

42

Work within the Framework of the Community Civil Protection Mechanism will be streamlined through the launch of an EU CBRN Resilience Programme.

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Action H.30

Each Member State should assess whether all operators handling high-risk CBRN materials possess emergency response plans. These emergency response plans should be consistent
with public authorities' emergency response plans. The feasibility of extending, where needed, emergency response plan requirements to such operators should be assessed. Based on
the analyses of the existing regulations, possible gaps should be identified.

Involved actors: MS
Implementation period: from 2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 61, 238

Action H.31

The Member States, together with the Commission, should develop and conduct, on the basis of risk assessments, regular exercises at European and international level.

The Member States should develop and conduct, on the basis of risk assessments, regular exercises at local, regional, and national level.

These exercises should involve and test cooperation of all relevant organisations, particularly of health, first responders, security radiation protection and judicial authorities; where
appropriate, involvement of private sector stakeholders in such exercises should be foreseen. Possible criminal investigations and forensics should be part of these regular exercises.
These simulation exercises could also be focused on transnational cooperation of one specific type of organisation (law enforcement authorities, health services, or other responders.
The Commission should ensure coordination of relevant exercises at EU level. Within the Framework of the Community Civil Protection Mechanism, simulation exercises should
regularly address CBRN Scenarios.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU bodies and agencies
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010

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Task Force Recommendations No. 60, 154, 236

Action H.32

The Commission should launch a study regarding the organisation of Member States' capacity concerning CBRN incidents. The results of the study should be further discussed by
the CBRN Advisory Group.

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: 2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 237

Action H.33

The Member States together with the Commission should identify good practices on responding to security incidents involving the facilities possessing any of the substances on the
EU lists of high risk CBRN materials and elaborate them further in the context of the CBRN Advisory Group.

Involved actors: MS/ Commission/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: 2011- 2014
Task Force Recommendations No. 101

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Action B.14

The Member States together with the Commission should
encourage better cooperation among relevant agencies in
crisis and consequence management, response and
recovery management. A bio-specific checklist of
requirements for consequence management, response and
recovery should be developed and discussed by the CBRN
Advisory Group.

Involved actors: MS/ Commission/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: 2011- 2014
Task Force Recommendations No. 157

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Goal 2: Strengthen countermeasure capacity
Action H.34

Further analysis is required to ensure that sufficient capabilities are available through the Community Civil Protection Mechanism in case of need. The Commission should therefore:
• update the 2005 assessment of the capabilities that may be available in the event of CBRN incidents. A flexible approach should be developed, avoiding extensive data gathering
and focusing on those types of assistance for which insufficient information was available in 2005. The assessment should where appropriate take into account the location of the
available capabilities to assess the response capacity made available by the Member States through the Community Civil Protection Mechanism;
• on the basis of risk and threat assessment, explore the possible need for further developing CBRN modules in the framework of the Community Civil Protection Mechanism;
• explore the feasibility of pre-positioning certain key modules in the event of large public events as a further way of enhancing European resilience against CBRN emergencies;
• facilitate the implementation of Article 5 (6) of the Recast of the Civil Protection Mechanism.

Involved actors: Commission/MS
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010

Action H.35

Each Member State should:
• assess the required amounts and types of medical countermeasures in case of a incident involving high-risk CBRN materials;
• assess the availability of medical resources for the decontamination of victims, transport and of required countermeasures in the form of technical CBRN equipment;

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• assess the possibility of sharing medical counter-measures across borders in case of an incident.

Involved actors: MS supported by the Commission
Implementation period: 2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 62, 63, 240, 241

Action H. 36

The Commission should collect and disseminate good practices among the Member States concerning the ways in which medical staff and other first responders can receive guidance
on dealing with large scale CBRN emergencies and a rapid increase of the number of victims.

Involved actors: Commission/MS
Implementation period: 2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 64, 242

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Goal 3: Improve domestic and international information flows regarding CBRN emergencies
Action H.37

The Member States together with the Commission should establish a process in order to develop generic scenarios illustrating the law enforcement response to a potential event
involving CBRN materials at the national and the international level. This process should in particular identify the relevant stakeholders who need to be informed about a particular
situation and the applicable thresholds for triggering information exchange procedures. The process should at least involve representatives of the Member States, the Commission
and Europol.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/Europol
Implementation period: from 2011
Task Force Recommendation No. 247

Action H.38

The Member States together with the Commission should setup a network of specialised CBRN law enforcement units to facilitate the exchange of information and good practices,
organising joint training exercises and up-dating them on the latest developments.

Involved actors: Commission/MS/Europol
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010

Action RN.22

The Member States together with the Commission should

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assess the adequacy of existing platforms for international
exchange of information during radiological emergencies
and build on and integrate them, if necessary.
Consideration should also be given to their applicability to
all radiological and nuclear incidents of concern (scenariobased). An effort should be made to assess the possibilities
of streamlining alert messages going through different
rapid alert systems.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: from 2011
Task Force Recommendation No. 246

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Goal 4: Develop improved modelling tools and strengthen decontamination and remediation capacity
Action H.39

The Commission should fund an assessment of existing modelling tools for the purpose of seeing whether there is need to invest in further research. The evaluation of existing
modelling tools could be undertaken by the Commission's Joint Research Centre. This work should include the organisation of meetings of modelling experts and emergency
response personnel from EU Member States in order to assess practical requirements for modelling tools. Based on this analysis funding could be provided for further research into
the development of robust modelling tools applicable to events involving dangerous substances. The Commission should fund an assessment of the role of modelling tools for either
pre-event scenario studies or as decision-support systems.

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 71, 250

Action H. 40

The Commission, together with the Member States, should facilitate the preparation of an EU Emergency Response Guidebook for first responders, based on existing national
practices, applicable to the context of CBRN emergencies. The guidebook would be provided to the Member States free of charge and could be translated into all official EU
languages. As part of the process of preparing an Emergency Response Guidebook, a stocktaking of existing documents/guidebooks should be conducted.

Involved actors: Commission/MS
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 72, 252

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Action H.41

Each Member State should conduct a regular assessment of the available means for decontamination of the affected population, environment and infrastructure, and its capacity to
deal with mass casualties with reference to CBRN materials within different cultural and social contexts. Information about current decontamination procedures should be shared
with all Member States and decontamination protocols should be regularly assessed.

Involved actors: MS
Implementation period: ongoing
Task Force Recommendations No. 73, 253

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Action RN.23

The Commission should further investigate the possibility
of using the RODOS43 and ARGOS44 or other similar
Decision Support Systems to address CBRN releases (e.g.
radiological dispersal devices, events such as the
polonium incident in 2006, etc.), as well as the
development of transport and dispersion models for large
buildings (e.g.: airports, railway stations) and underground
systems.

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in
2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 251

43
44

Real-time On-line Decision Support system for off-site emergency management in Europe.
Accident Reporting and Guidance Operational System.

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Goal 5: Improve the capacity to conduct criminal investigations
Action H. 42

Each Member State should ensure that first responders receive training on forensic awareness in a CBRN crime-scene.

Involved actors: MS
Implementation period: ongoing
Task Force Recommendations No. 75, 257

Action H.43

The Commission should analyse potential problems in the transport of CBRN contaminated evidence across borders within the context of criminal investigations and emergency
situations in general.

Involved actors: Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 77, 259

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Action H.44

Eurojust, together with the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes, should develop recommendations on ensuring that collected forensic evidence in a CBRN crime-scene
is of a high enough quality to be admissible in court proceedings in the EU Member States. Eurojust, Europol, the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes, the JRC-Institute
for Trans Uranium elements and other relevant organisations should contribute to establishing laboratory practices such that results can be used during legal prosecution (e.g.:
accredited sampling and measurement procedures; chain of custody). The exchange of experience and good practice concerning the transport, handling, and forensic analysis of
contaminated materials in the context of criminal investigations should be pursued.

Involved actors: Eurojust, relevant organisations
Implementation period: 2010-2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 76, 258

Action H.45

The Member States together with the Commission should enhance and support cooperation between forensic laboratories, reference and specialised laboratories, including those
equipped for measurement/analysis of CBRN materials.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: ongoing
Task Force Recommendation No. 144, 260

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4. ACTIONS APPLICABLE TO CBRN PREVENTION, DETECTION AND RESPONSE
Horizontal (H)
Chemical (C)

Biological (B)

Radiological/Nuclear (RN)

Goal 1: Enhance international cooperation
Action H.46

The Member States together with the Commission, within their respective competences, should continue to strengthen the international exchange of good practices with third
countries and international organisations concerning staff-awareness and training, including work undertaken by already established groups of relevant international organisations.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU bodies and agencies
Implementation period: ongoing
Task Force Recommendations No. 31, 192

Action H.47

The Member States together with the Commission should, where appropriate, exchange information on their participation in various CBRN-related international fora and should
strive toward coordinating their positions in order to ensure that common EU objectives are achieved.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU bodies and agencies
Implementation period: ongoing
Task Force Recommendations No. 206

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Goal 2: Improve communication with the public
Action H.48

The Member States together with the Commission should regularly organise meetings of Member States' communication specialists dealing with security issues (in particular CBRN
events) with a view to encouraging the spread of good practices concerning communication strategies.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU bodies and agencies
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 24, 67, 202, 244

Action H.49

The Member States together with the Commission should review existing international guidelines and incorporate appropriate existing procedures or, when needed, should establish
common approaches for the development of communication strategies involving CBRN incidents. These common approaches should adequately take into account the needs at
national level and would involve all relevant agencies.
These common approaches could be integrated with existing emergency planning and communications strategies, and could be used in a CCA context.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU bodies and agencies
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 25, 66, 165, 201

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Action H.50

Each Member State should look into the practical implementation of the good-practices on public and media relations identified in a joint effort by the Commission, Europol and the
Member States.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU bodies and agencies
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 65, 200, 243

Action H.51

The Member States and relevant national agencies should in developing their risk communication strategies include the possibility of raising public awareness for the generic risks of
high-risk CBRN materials. The Member States and relevant national agencies should develop crisis communication strategies for the public living close to facilities holding any high
risk CBRN materials.

Involved actors: MS/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period:2010 - 2012
Task Force Recommendation No. 166

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Goal 3: Develop improved information tools for CBRN security
Action H.52

The Commission, in consultation with the Member States, should establish a web portal in which good-practices on CBRN security could be shared, using as far as possible already
existing systems.

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: 2010-2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 16, 194

Action H.53

The Commission should establish a database of resources which could be used by the relevant national authorities (in particular the law enforcement community, public health and
fire and rescue and radiation protection authorities). The database would contain applicable information on the nature of high-risk CBRN materials and their handling. This database
could include national contributions from the Member States. In light of the potentially sensitive content of such a reference database, the need for classification and thus restricted
access will be considered.

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: 2010-2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 80, 214, 263

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Action H.54

The Member States together with the Commission should establish a law enforcement Early Warning System (EWS) for incidents related to high risk CBRN materials, taking
account of existing systems and experiences. Such a mechanism would include information on immediate threats, losses/thefts, and suspicious transactions and would in any case
need to be accessible to the law enforcement authorities and relevant emergency responders of the Member States and to Europol. As a first step, the extension of the existing G6
system could be considered. The system should be without prejudice to the exchange of information on public health issues.

Involved actors: Commission/EU bodies and agencies
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 11, 12, 203

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Goal 4: Improve training
Action H.55

The Member States, together with the Commission, should develop and conduct, on the basis of risk assessment, regular training at European and international level.

The Member States should develop and conduct, on the basis of risk assessment, regular training at local, regional, and national level.

This training should involve and test cooperation of all relevant national agencies, particularly of health, first responders, security and judicial authorities; where appropriate,
involvement of private sector stakeholders in such training should be foreseen. Existing Training for CBRN responders should be further developed to enhance interoperability.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU bodies and agencies
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 60, 154, 236

Action H.56
The European Explosive Ordnance Disposal Network (EEODN) should address the need for developing guidelines, based on existing standards, for CBRN training of EOD45
specialists. The applicability of the standards developed by the European Defence Agency to the non-military context may be assessed in this regard. Training should be provided to
EOD personnel in terms of contacting relevant CBRN specialists and on forensic awareness.

Involved actors: EEODN
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 68, 248
45

Explosive Ordnance Disposal.

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Action H.57

The Member States should ensure that CBRN information, including on EOD matters, is integrated into training programmes for relevant first responders and local authority
personnel. The Member States and the Commission should ensure that emergency response personnel receive training concerning available modelling tools.

Involved actors: EEODN/MS, Commission
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 70, 249

Action C.13

Action B.15

Action RN.24

The Commission should provide support for the

Member States together with the Commission should

The Member States together with the Commission are

organisation of specific HazMat specialist training.

identify and spread:

encouraged to use the capacity of the planned European

• good practices on well targeted training for and

Security Training Centre (EUSECTRA) to provide nuclear

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 69

education of individuals working with, having access
to or handling substances on the EU list of high-risk

and radiological security related training and to support
and complement such activities at the national level.

biological agents and toxins;
Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
• good practices on academic training on biosafety,
potential misuse of information and biological agents

Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 191

and toxins, and bio-ethics for undergraduate, graduate
and postgraduate students;
• good laboratory practices.

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Involved actors: Member States/Commission/relevant
stakeholders
Implementation period: 2010 -2012
Task Force Recommendation No. 91

Action C.14

Action B.16

The Member States should, together with the relevant

The Member States together with the Commission should

stakeholders, organise regular exercises based on risk

consider and, where appropriate, develop:

assessments concerning the security of chemical facilities

• together with relevant stakeholders, guidelines at the

in order to test preparedness measures in place and raise
awareness among staff.

EU level for minimum training requirements for
persons working with, having access to or handling,
substances on the EU list of high-risk biological agents

Involved actors: MS/relevant stakeholders

and toxins;

Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendation No. 28

• in conjunction with universities and professional
associations, minimum requirements for academic
training on biosafety, potential misuse of information
and biological agents and toxins and bio-ethics for
undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students.

Involved actors: Member States/Commission/relevant
stakeholders
Implementation period: 2010 -2012
Task Force Recommendations No. 92-94

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Goal 5: Strengthen personnel security
Action H.58

The Commission, in consultation with the Member States should launch a study concerning existing background check procedures and security vetting requirements within the
industry dealing with high-risk CBRN materials in order to identify gaps and good practices.

The Member States together with the Commission should assess the feasibility of developing and introducing, on the basis of risk analysis, common graduated criteria for
background checks and vetting requirements in relation to personnel having access to or handling high-risk CBRN materials along the whole chain of production, storage,
distribution and use. These common criteria should be based on a graduated approach, taking into account the position of the involved personnel in the organisation. In the course of
the recruitment process, the recruiting organisation should ensure that the credentials of the candidates are properly checked and assessed.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/EU agencies
Implementation period: 2010-2011
Task Force Recommendations No. 20, 23, 105, 107, 186

Action H.59

The Member States together with the Commission should analyse the need to establish at the EU level a system of mutual recognition of background checks and security vetting
processes for certain categories of personnel.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: 2010-2011
Task Force Recommendation No. 188

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Action H. 60

The Member States together with the Commission should identify and exchange good practices on approaches to background checks and security vetting processes of visiting staff
and students; Member States should aim at common procedures to be applied across the EU.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: 2010-2012
Task Force Recommendation No. 109

Action H.61

The Member States together with the Commission should identify and exchange good practice on robust management structures at commercial, industrial, health care and research
facilities which hold high-risk CBRN materials, in order to ensure regular security appraisal and monitoring of staff.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/relevant organisation
Implementation period: Ongoing
Task Force Recommendation No. 21, 108, 187

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Action H.62

The Member States should ensure by legislative or non-legislative measures that each Member State and/or owner/operator has a secure registry of personnel having access to or
handling substances on the EU lists of high risk CBRN materials (along the whole chain of production, storage, distribution and use), taking into account privacy legislation. Law
enforcement should have access to such a registry in accordance with national legislation.46

Involved actors: MS
Implementation period:2010-2011
Task Force Recommendation No. 106

46

Diagnostic facilities would only be concerned, if they stored isolated biological agents and toxins from clinical samples.

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Goal 6: Strengthen and prioritise research
Action H.63

The Member States together with the Commission should improve the aggregation and spread of research results both at EU level as well as at national level across the EU Member
States. For unclassified materials, this should be done by way of organising conferences and setting up a dedicated research web-portal (for all of CBRN security) which would
contain a summary of the relevant research projects and contact information where further details can be obtained, as well as opportunities for future research collaboration and work.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 78, 211, 261

Action H.64

The Member States together with the Commission should engage in further research cooperation with international partners with a view to enhancing synergies and avoiding
duplications. They should also improve the use of existing scientific networks to enhance research in the detection area.
The research work performed by the European Defence Agency and the Joint Research Centre as well as the recommendations to be made by the European Security Research and
Innovation Forum (ESRIF) should be taken into account in these efforts. The Commission should organise periodic meetings of CBRN experts, including specialists from other
partner countries, in order to share and spread good practices on CBRN issues. The results of these meetings should be collected and disseminated among the Member States.

Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No.79, 212, 234, 262

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Action H.65

The Commission, in close consultation with the Member States, should launch studies on:
• the necessity and impacts of assessing scientific research and scientific publications against security aspects;
• the potential psychological effect of CBRN emergencies on the population and the likely reactions of local populations in case of incidents, and possible action-oriented
responses;
• the economic and social consequences of a CBRN terrorism incident and identify practical and action-oriented responses;
• rehabilitation of contaminated areas following malevolent dispersal of CBRN materials, which also addresses the question of acceptable levels of residual contamination;
• decontamination procedures which do not damage forensic evidence.
Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: KEY ACTION to be initiated in 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 74, 81, 126, 208, 254, 255, 264

Action H.66

The Member States together with the Commission should continue encouraging funding organisations (be it public or private) to take security aspects of proposed research projects
and other publications into account, as well as the suitability of the funds receiver (from both a safety and a security perspective) to work on the research the receiver is proposing.
Best practices of funding organisations should be identified and exchanged across Member States.

Involved actors: MS/Commission/relevant stakeholders
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 123, 124, 210

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Action C.15

Action B.17

Action RN.25

The Commission together with the Member States should

The Commission together with Member States should

The Commission together with the Member States should

support research into the following areas:

enhance:

support research into the following areas:

• Prevention:

• research on capabilities for response and recovery

• Detection:

from biological incidents;
1. Detection and identification of difficult to

1. Development of low-risk alternatives to high• the understanding of and research in emergency

risk chemicals.

logistics and distribution operations (e.g. of medicines)

• Detection:

detect

radioactive

sources

and

nuclear

materials;

at the regional, national and international level.
2. Detection and identification of masked and

1.

Ensuring

interoperability

and

network

Involved actors: Commission/MS/relevant stakeholders

application of detection devices in view of joint

Implementation period: Ongoing

team operations;

Task Force Recommendations No. 163-164

shielded sources;
3. Improving spectrometry based detection and
address the problems of "innocent" and false

2. Improving the presentation of detection

alarms;

results in a way that they can easily be
understood by end-users, particularly first

4. Detection and location of radiation source in

responders.

large crowds.
• Response:

• Response:
Decontamination of the affected population,

1. Assessment of the detected signal for

responders, equipment, goods and environment.

launching the correct response;

• Technology research:

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2. The further development of nuclear forensics;

1. Further miniaturising detection equipment,
which should combine various capabilities in

3. The development of radiological forensics;

one device;

4. Guidance on storage of contaminated

2. The development of transportable equipment

evidence for an extended period of time;

which can be used by emergency responders in
the field.

5. Guidance on the disposal of contaminated

Involved actors: MS/Commission

materials;

Implementation period: from 2010
6. Decontamination of the affected population,

Task Force Recommendations No. 3, 58

responders, equipment, goods and environment;
7. Particle size distribution and potential
chemical composition changes following an
explosion;
8. Other gaps identified based on a riskassessment process.
• Technology research:
1.

Detection

technologies

and

electronic

tracking systems for radioactive sources;
2.

Integration

of

different

technological

equipment [address the current status when
numerous devices are required for detection];

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3. Improving detection software;
4. Enhance mobility and portability of detection
solutions;
5. The development of transportable equipment
which can be used by emergency responders in
the field (including neutralisation and detection
equipment for bomb squads);
6. Decontamination equipment.
Involved actors: MS/Commission
Implementation period: from 2010
Task Force Recommendations No. 211, 213

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Goal 7: Ensure the criminalisation of CBRN terrorism
Action H.67

The Commission should analyse the criminal law provisions enacted in the Member States concerning CBRN terrorism, in order to assess whether any further work at EU level is
necessary, taking into account EU and international instruments, such as the Council Framework Decision on combating terrorism. 47

Involved actors: Commission
Implementation period: 2010-2011
Task Force Recommendation No. 19

47

OJ L 164, 22.6.2002, p. 3.

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