Brussels, 1 June 2012

COUNCIL OF
THE EUROPEAN UNION

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ADD 1

Interinstitutional File:
2010/0383 (COD)

JUSTCIV 209
CODEC 1495

ADDENDUM TO NOTE
from :
the Presidency
to :
Council
No. prev. doc. 10321/12 JUSTCIV 199 CODEC 1416 ADD 1
No. Cion prop. : 18101/10 JUSTCIV 239 CODEC 1587
Subject :
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on
jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and
commercial matters (Recast) - First reading
- General approach

Delegations will find in the Annex the text of the Articles of the above proposal as proposed by the
Presidency as a compromise with a view to the adoption of a general approach by the Council
(Justice and Home Affairs) at the meeting on 7 and 8 June 2012.
The parts in italics are changes introduced by the Commission in the recast proposal. Substantive
changes proposed by the Commission are in addition highlighted in grey. Deletions introduced by
the recast proposal are marked in italics and highlight with double strikethrough ( double
strikethrough).
All changes compared to the text of the Commission recast proposal are marked in bold. Deleted
text compared to the Commission proposal are marked by (…) or by a single strikethrough (single
strikethrough).

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ANNEX

2010/0383 (COD)

Proposal for a
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial
matters
(Recast)

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 67(4)
and Article 81(2)(a), (c) and (e) thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,
After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,
(…)
Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee,1
Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure,
Whereas:
(…)2

1
2

OJ C 218, 23.7.2011, p. 78.
The recitals will be finalised at a later stage, except for the ones indicated in footnotes to the
Articles in this text. Annexes I to III which will contain the Certificates and the correlation
table will also be finalised at a later stage.

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HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

CHAPTER I
SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

Article 1
1.

This Regulation shall apply in civil and commercial matters whatever the nature of the court or
tribunal. It shall not extend, in particular, to revenue, customs or administrative matters or the
liability of the State for acts and omissions in the exercise of State authority ("acta iure
imperii").

2.

This Regulation shall not apply to:
(a)

the status or legal capacity of natural persons, rights in property arising out of a
matrimonial relationship or a relationship deemed by the law applicable to such
relationship to have comparable effects to marriage (…);

(b)

bankruptcy, proceedings relating to the winding-up of insolvent companies or other legal
persons, judicial arrangements, compositions and analogous proceedings;

1

(c)

social security;

(d)

arbitration (...);1

See footnote to Article 84.

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(e)

maintenance obligations arising from a family relationship, parentage, marriage or
affinity;

(f)
3.

wills and succession, including maintenance obligations arising by reason of death.

(…).

Article 2 (ex Article 32)
For the purposes of this Regulation:
(a)

‘judgment’ means any judgment given by a court or tribunal of the Member States1, whatever
the judgment may be called, including a decree, order, decision or writ of execution, as well as
a decision on the determination of costs or expenses by an officer of the court.
For the purposes of Chapter III, the term 'judgment' includes provisional, including protective,
measures ordered by a court or tribunal which by virtue of this Regulation has jurisdiction as to
the substance of the matter. It does not include a provisional, including protective, measure
which is ordered without the defendant being summoned to appear, unless that judgment
has been served on the defendant prior to enforcement.

(b)

(…);

(c)

(See Article 2a)

1

The following recital will be inserted: “Courts or tribunals of the Member States should
include courts or tribunals common to several Member States, such as the BENELUX Court of
Justice when it exercises jurisdiction on matters falling within the scope of this Regulation.
Therefore, judgments given by such courts should be recognised and enforced in accordance
with this Regulation.

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(d)

'court settlement´ means a settlement which has been approved by a court of a Member State or
concluded before a court of a Member State in the course of proceedings;

(e)

´authentic instrument´ means a document which has been formally drawn up or registered as an
authentic instrument in the Member State of origin and the authenticity of which:

(f)

(i)

relates to the signature and the content of the instrument, and

(ii)

has been established by a public authority or other authority empowered for that purpose;

'Member State of origin´ means the Member State in which, as the case may be, the judgment
has been given, the court settlement has been approved or concluded, or the authentic instrument
has been established;

(g)

'Member State addressed´ means the Member State in which the recognition of the judgment is
invoked or, as the case may be, in which the enforcement of the judgment, the court settlement
or the authentic instrument is sought;

(h)

'court of origin´ means the court which has given the judgment to be recognised and/or enforced.

Article 2a (ex Article 62)
For the purposes of this Regulation, ’court’ includes the following authorities to the extent they
have jurisdiction in matters falling within the scope of this Regulation:
(a)

in Sweden, in summary proceedings concerning orders to pay (betalningsföreläggande) and
assistance (handräckning), the Enforcement Authority (kronofogdemyndigheten),

(b)

In Hungary, in summary proceedings concerning orders to pay (fizetési meghagyásos
eljárás), the notary (közjegyző).

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CHAPTER II
JURISDICTION
SECTION 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 3 (ex Article 2)
1.

Subject to this Regulation, persons domiciled in a Member State shall, whatever their nationality,
be sued in the courts of that Member State.

2.

Persons who are not nationals of the Member State in which they are domiciled shall be governed
by the rules of jurisdiction applicable to nationals of that State.

Article 4 (ex Article 3)

1.

Persons domiciled in a Member State may be sued in the courts of another Member State only by
virtue of the rules set out in Sections 2 to 7 of this Chapter.

2.

In particular, the rules of national jurisdiction notified by the Member States to the
Commission in accordance with point (a) of Article 88(1) shall not be applicable as against
them.

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Article 4a (ex Article 4)

1.

If the defendant is not domiciled in a Member State, the jurisdiction of the courts of each
Member State shall, subject to Articles 16(1), 19(2), 22 and 23, be determined by the law of
that Member State.

2.

As against such a defendant, any person domiciled in a Member State may, whatever his
nationality, avail himself in that State of the rules of jurisdiction there in force, and in
particular those notified by the Member States to the Commission in accordance with point
(a) of Article 88(1), in the same way as the nationals of that State.

SECTION 2
SPECIAL JURISDICTION

Article 5
A person domiciled in a Member State may be sued in another Member State:
1.

(a)

in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place of performance of the obligation
in question;

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(b)

for the purpose of this provision and unless otherwise agreed, the place of performance of
the obligation in question shall be:
–

in the case of the sale of goods, the place in a Member State where, under the
contract, the goods were delivered or should have been delivered,

–

in the case of the provision of services, the place in a Member State where, under the
contract, the services were provided or should have been provided,

(c)

if point (b) does not apply then point (a) applies;

2.

in matters relating to maintenance, in the courts for the place where the maintenance creditor
is domiciled or habitually resident or, if the matter is ancillary to proceedings concerning the
status of a person, in the court which, according to its own law, has jurisdiction to entertain
those proceedings, unless that jurisdiction is based solely on the nationality of one of the
parties;

2.

as regards a dispute concerning rights in rem in, or possession of, cultural objects as defined
in Council Directive 93/7/EEC on the return of cultural objects unlawfully removed from
the territory of a Member State, in the courts for the place where the object is situated at
the time the court is seised 1

3.

in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, in the courts for the place where the harmful
event occurred or may occur;

4.

as regards a civil claim for damages or restitution which is based on an act giving rise to criminal
proceedings, in the court seised of those proceedings, to the extent that that court has jurisdiction
under its own law to entertain civil proceedings;

1

This ground of jurisdiction will be examined further at technical level after the Council.

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5.

as regards a dispute arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment, in
the courts for the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is situated;

6.

as regards a dispute brought against a settlor, trustee or beneficiary of a trust created by the
operation of a statute, or by a written instrument, or created orally and evidenced in writing, in
the courts of the Member State in which the trust is domiciled;

7.

as regards a dispute concerning the payment of remuneration claimed in respect of the salvage of
a cargo or freight, in the court under the authority of which the cargo or freight in question:

(a)

has been arrested to secure such payment, or

(b)

could have been so arrested, but bail or other security has been given;

provided that this provision shall apply only if it is claimed that the defendant has an interest in
the cargo or freight or had such an interest at the time of salvage.

Article 6

A person domiciled in a Member State may also be sued:

1.

where he (…) is one of a number of defendants, in the courts for the place where any one of them
is domiciled, provided the claims are so closely connected that it is expedient to hear and
determine them together to avoid the risk of irreconcilable judgments resulting from separate
proceedings;

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2.

as a third party in an action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third party proceedings, in
the court seised of the original proceedings, unless these were instituted solely with the object of
removing him from the jurisdiction of the court which would be competent in his case;

3.

on a counter-claim arising from the same contract or facts on which the original claim was based,
in the court in which the original claim is pending;

4.

in matters relating to a contract, if the action may be combined with an action against the same
defendant in matters relating to rights in rem in immovable property, in the court of the Member
State in which the property is situated.
Article 7

Where by virtue of this Regulation a court of a Member State has jurisdiction in actions relating to
liability from the use or operation of a ship, that court, or any other court substituted for this purpose by
the internal law of that Member State, shall also have jurisdiction over claims for limitation of such
liability.

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SECTION 3
JURISDICTION IN MATTERS RELATING TO INSURANCE

Article 8
In matters relating to insurance, jurisdiction shall be determined by this Section, without prejudice to
Article 4 and (…) Article 4a and Article 5(5).
Article 9
1.

An insurer domiciled in a Member State may be sued:

(a)

in the courts of the Member State where he is domiciled, or

(b)

in another Member State, in the case of actions brought by the policyholder, the insured or
a beneficiary, in the courts for the place where the claimant is domiciled,

(c)

if he is a co-insurer, in the courts of a Member State in which proceedings are brought
against the leading insurer;

2.

An insurer who is not domiciled in a Member State but has a branch, agency or other
establishment in one of the Member States shall, in disputes arising out of the operations of the
branch, agency or establishment, be deemed to be domiciled in that Member State.

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Article 10
In respect of liability insurance or insurance of immovable property, the insurer may in addition be
sued in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred. The same applies if movable and
immovable property are covered by the same insurance policy and both are adversely affected by the
same contingency.

Article 11
1.

In respect of liability insurance, the insurer may also, if the law of the court permits it, be joined
in proceedings which the injured party has brought against the insured.

2.

Articles 8, 9 and 10 shall apply to actions brought by the injured party directly against the insurer,
where such direct actions are permitted.

3.

If the law governing such direct actions provides that the policyholder or the insured may be
joined as a party to the action, the same court shall have jurisdiction over them.

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Article 12
1.

Without prejudice to Article 11(3), an insurer may bring proceedings only in the courts of the
Member State in which the defendant is domiciled, irrespective of whether he is the policyholder,
the insured or a beneficiary.

2.

The provisions of this Section shall not affect the right to bring a counter-claim in the court in
which, in accordance with this Section, the original claim is pending.
Article 13

The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an agreement:

1.

which is entered into after the dispute has arisen, or

2.

which allows the policyholder, the insured or a beneficiary to bring proceedings in courts other
than those indicated in this Section, or

3.

which is concluded between a policyholder and an insurer, both of whom are at the time of
conclusion of the contract domiciled or habitually resident in the same Member State, and which
has the effect of conferring jurisdiction on the courts of that State even if the harmful event were
to occur abroad, provided that such an agreement is not contrary to the law of that State, or

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4.

which is concluded with a policyholder who is not domiciled in a Member State, except in so far
as the insurance is compulsory or relates to immovable property in a Member State, or

5.

which relates to a contract of insurance in so far as it covers one or more of the risks set out in
Article 14.
Article 14

The following are the risks referred to in Article 13(5):
1.

any loss of or damage to:
(a)

seagoing ships, installations situated offshore or on the high seas, or aircraft, arising from
perils which relate to their use for commercial purposes;

(b)

goods in transit other than passengers' baggage where the transit consists of or includes
carriage by such ships or aircraft;

2.

any liability, other than for bodily injury to passengers or loss of or damage to their baggage:
(a)

arising out of the use or operation of ships, installations or aircraft as referred to in
paragraph 1(a) in so far as, in respect of the latter, the law of the Member State in which
such aircraft are registered does not prohibit agreements on jurisdiction regarding insurance
of such risks;

(b)

for loss or damage caused by goods in transit as described in paragraph 1(b);

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3.

any financial loss connected with the use or operation of ships, installations or aircraft as referred
to in paragraph 1(a), in particular loss of freight or charter-hire;

4.

any risk or interest connected with any of those referred to in paragraphs 1 to 3;

5.

notwithstanding paragraphs 1 to 4, all ‘large risks’ as defined in (…) Directive 2009/138/EC of
the European Parliament and of the Council1, as amended by Council Directives 88/357/EEC
and 90/618/EEC, as they may be amended.

SECTION 4
JURISDICTION OVER CONSUMER CONTRACTS

Article 15
1.

In matters relating to a contract concluded by a person, the consumer, for a purpose which can be
regarded as being outside his trade or profession, jurisdiction shall be determined by this Section
without prejudice to Article 4 and (…) Article 4a and Article 5(5), if:

(a)

it is a contract for the sale of goods on instalment credit terms; or

(b)

it is a contract for a loan repayable by instalments, or for any other form of credit, made to
finance the sale of goods; or

1

OJ L 335, 17.12.2009, p. 1.

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(c)

in all other cases, the contract has been concluded with a person who pursues commercial
or professional activities in the Member State of the consumer's domicile or, by any means,
directs such activities to that Member State or to several States including that Member
State, and the contract falls within the scope of such activities.

2.

Where a consumer enters into a contract with a party who is not domiciled in a Member State but
has a branch, agency or other establishment in one of the Member States, that party shall, in
disputes arising out of the operations of the branch, agency or establishment, be deemed to be
domiciled in that Member State.

3.

This Section shall not apply to a contract of transport other than a contract which, for an inclusive
price, provides for a combination of travel and accommodation.
Article 16

1.

A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a contract either in the courts of the
Member State in which that party is domiciled or, regardless of the domicile of the other party,
in the courts for the place where the consumer is domiciled.

2.

Proceedings may be brought against a consumer by the other party to the contract only in the
courts of the Member State in which the consumer is domiciled.

3.

This Article shall not affect the right to bring a counter-claim in the court in which, in accordance
with this Section, the original claim is pending.

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Article 17
The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an agreement:
1.

which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or

2.

which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in this
Section; or

3.

which is entered into by the consumer and the other party to the contract, both of whom are at the
time of conclusion of the contract domiciled or habitually resident in the same Member State, and
which confers jurisdiction on the courts of that Member State, provided that such an agreement is
not contrary to the law of that Member State.

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SECTION 5
JURISDICTION OVER INDIVIDUAL CONTRACTS OF EMPLOYMENT

Article 18
1.

In matters relating to individual contracts of employment, jurisdiction shall be determined by this
Section without prejudice to Article 4 and (…) Article 4a, Article 5(5) and, in the case of
proceedings brought against an employer, Article 6(1).

2.

Where an employee enters into an individual contract of employment with an employer who is
not domiciled in a Member State but has a branch, agency or other establishment in one of the
Member States, the employer shall, in disputes arising out of the operations of the branch, agency
or establishment, be deemed to be domiciled in that Member State.

Article 19
1.

An employer domiciled in a Member State may be sued:

(a)

in the courts of the Member State where he is domiciled; or

(b)

in another Member State:
(i)

in the courts for the place where or from where the employee habitually carries out
his work or in the courts for the last place where he did so, or

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(ii)

if the employee does not or did not habitually carry out his work in any one country,
in the courts for the place where the business which engaged the employee is or was
situated.

2.

An employer not domiciled in a Member State may be sued in a court of a Member State
according to paragraph 1(b).

Article 20
1.

An employer may bring proceedings only in the courts of the Member State in which the
employee is domiciled.

2.

The provisions of this Section shall not affect the right to bring a counter-claim in the court in
which, in accordance with this Section, the original claim is pending.
Article 21

The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an agreement on jurisdiction:
1.

which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or

2.

which allows the employee to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in this
Section.

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SECTION 6
EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION

Article 22
The following courts of a Member State shall have exclusive jurisdiction, regardless of domicile:

1.

in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem in immovable property or tenancies of
immovable property, the courts of the Member State in which the property is situated.

(a)

However, However, in proceedings which have as their object tenancies of immovable
property concluded for temporary private use for a maximum period of six consecutive
months, the courts of the Member State in which the defendant is domiciled shall also have
jurisdiction, provided that the tenant is a natural person and that the landlord and the tenant
are domiciled in the same Member State (...);

(b)

(…);

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2.

in proceedings which have as their object the validity of the constitution, the nullity or the
dissolution of companies or other legal persons or associations of natural or legal persons, or of
the validity of the decisions of their organs, the courts of the Member State in which the
company, legal person or association has its seat. In order to determine that seat, the court shall
apply its rules of private international law;

3.

in proceedings which have as their object the validity of entries in public registers, the courts of
the Member State in which the register is kept;

4.

in proceedings concerned with the registration or validity of patents, trade marks, designs, or
other similar rights required to be deposited or registered, irrespective of whether the issue is
raised by way of an action or as a defence, the courts of the Member State in which the deposit or
registration has been applied for, has taken place or is under the terms of (…) an instrument of the
Union or an international convention deemed to have taken place.

Without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the European Patent Office under the Convention on the
Grant of European Patents, signed at Munich on 5 October 1973, the courts of each Member
State shall have exclusive jurisdiction (…) in proceedings concerned with the registration or
validity of any European patent granted for that State;

5.

in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgments, the courts of the Member State in
which the judgment has been or is to be enforced.

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SECTION 7
PROROGATION OF JURISDICTION

Article 23
1.

If the parties, regardless of domicile, , one or more of whom is domiciled in a Member State,
have agreed that a court or the courts of a Member State are to have jurisdiction to settle any
disputes which have arisen or which may arise in connection with a particular legal relationship,
that court or those courts shall have jurisdiction, unless the agreement is null and void as to its
substantive validity under the law of that Member State1. Such jurisdiction shall be exclusive
unless the parties have agreed otherwise. The agreement conferring jurisdiction shall be either:

(a)

in writing or evidenced in writing; or

(b)

in a form which accords with practices which the parties have established between
themselves; or

1

The following recital will be inserted: "The question as to whether a choice of court
agreement in favour of a court or the courts of a Member State is null and void as to its
substantive validity should be decided in accordance with the law of that Member State. The
reference to the law of the Member State of the chosen court should include the conflict of
laws rules of that State".

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(c)

in international trade or commerce, in a form which accords with a usage of which the
parties are or ought to have been aware and which in such trade or commerce is widely
known to, and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type involved in the
particular trade or commerce concerned.

2.

Any communication by electronic means which provides a durable record of the agreement shall
be equivalent to ‘writing’.

(ex 3. deleted)

3.

(ex 4.) The court or courts of a Member State on which a trust instrument has conferred
jurisdiction shall have exclusive jurisdiction in any proceedings brought against a settlor, trustee
or beneficiary, if relations between these persons or their rights or obligations under the trust are
involved.

4.

(ex 5.) Agreements or provisions of a trust instrument conferring jurisdiction shall have no legal
force if they are contrary to Articles 13, 17 or 21, or if the courts whose jurisdiction they purport
to exclude have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 22.

5.

An agreement conferring jurisdiction which forms part of a contract shall be treated as an
agreement independent of the other terms of the contract.

The validity of the agreement conferring jurisdiction cannot be contested solely on the
ground that the contract is not valid.

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Article 24
1.

Apart from jurisdiction derived from other provisions of this Regulation, a court of a Member
State before which a defendant enters an appearance shall have jurisdiction. This rule shall not
apply where appearance was entered to contest the jurisdiction, or where another court has
exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 22.

2.

In matters referred to in Sections 3, 4 and 5 (…), where the policyholder, the insured, the
injured party or a beneficiary of the insurance contract, the consumer or the employee is
the defendant, the court, before assuming jurisdiction under paragraph 1, shall ensure that
the defendant is informed of his right to contest the jurisdiction and of the consequences of
entering or not entering an appearance.

SECTION 8
SUBSIDIARY JURISDICTION AND FORUM NECESSITATIS

Article 25
(deleted)
Article 26
(deleted)

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SECTION 9 (EX SECTION 8)
EXAMINATION AS TO JURISDICTION AND ADMISSIBILITY

Article 27 (ex Article 25)
Where a court of a Member State is seised of a claim which is principally concerned with a matter over
which the courts of another Member State have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 22, it
shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.

Article 28 (ex Article 26)

1.

Where a defendant domiciled in one Member State is sued in a court of another Member State
and does not enter an appearance, the court shall declare of its own motion that it has no
jurisdiction unless its jurisdiction is derived from the provisions of this Regulation.

2.

The court shall stay the proceedings so long as it is not shown that the defendant has been able to
receive the document instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document in sufficient time to
enable him to arrange for his defence, or that all necessary steps have been taken to this end.

3.

Article 19 (…) of (…) Regulation (EC) No 1393/2007 of the European Parliament and of the
Council shall apply instead of (…) paragraph 2 of this Article if the document instituting the
proceedings or an equivalent document had to be transmitted from one Member State to another
pursuant to that Regulation.

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4.

Where (…) Regulation (EC) No 1393/2007 is not applicable, Article 15 of the Hague
Convention of 15 November 1965 on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial
Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters shall apply if the document instituting the
proceedings or an equivalent document had to be transmitted abroad pursuant to that
Convention.

SECTION 10 (EX SECTION 9)
LIS PENDENS — RELATED ACTIONS
Article 29 (ex Article 27)
1.

Without prejudice to Article 32(2), where proceedings involving the same cause of action and
between the same parties are brought in the courts of different Member States, any court other
than the court first seised shall of its own motion stay its proceedings until such time as the
jurisdiction of the court first seised is established.

2.

In cases referred to in paragraph 1, the court first seised shall establish its jurisdiction within six
months except where exceptional circumstances make this impossible. upon request by a court
seised of the dispute, any other court seised shall without delay inform the former court of the
date (…) when it was seised according to Article 33(…).

3.

(ex 2.) Where the jurisdiction of the court first seised is established, any court other than the court
first seised shall decline jurisdiction in favour of that court.

4.

(deleted)1

1

See footnote to Article 84.

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Article 30 (ex Article 28)

1.

Where related actions are pending in the courts of different Member States, any court other than
the court first seised may stay its proceedings.

2.

Where the action in the court first seised is pending at first instance, any other court than the
court first seised may also, on the application of one of the parties, decline jurisdiction if the
court first seised has jurisdiction over the actions in question and its law permits the
consolidation thereof.

3.

For the purposes of this Article, actions are deemed to be related where they are so closely
connected that it is expedient to hear and determine them together to avoid the risk of
irreconcilable judgments resulting from separate proceedings.

Article 31
(deleted)

Article 32 (ex Article 29)
1.

Where actions come within the exclusive jurisdiction of several courts, any court other than the
court first seised shall decline jurisdiction in favour of that court.

2.

Without prejudice to Article 24, where a court of a Member State on which an agreement
referred to in Article 23 confers exclusive jurisdiction is seised, any court of another
Member State shall stay the proceedings until such time as the court seised on the basis of
the agreement declares that it has no jurisdiction under the agreement.

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3.

Where the court designated in the agreement has established jurisdiction in accordance
with the agreement, any court of another Member State shall decline jurisdiction in favour
of that court.

4.

Paragraphs 2 and 3 shall not apply to matters governed by Sections 3, 4 and 5 when the
policyholder, the insured, the injured party or a beneficiary of the insurance contract, the
consumer or the employee is the claimant and the agreement is not valid under those
Sections.
Article 33 (ex Article 30)

1.

For the purposes of this Section, a court shall be deemed to be seised:
(a)

at the time when the document instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document is
lodged with the court, provided that the claimant has not subsequently failed to take the
steps he was required to take to have service effected on the defendant, or

(b)

if the document has to be served before being lodged with the court, at the time when it is
received by the authority responsible for service, provided that the claimant has not
subsequently failed to take the steps he was required to take to have the document lodged
with the court.

The authority responsible for service referred to in point (b) shall be the first authority receiving
the documents to be served.

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2.

The courts or authorities responsible for service referred to in paragraph 1 shall note (…) the
date (…) of the lodging of the document instituting the proceedings or the equivalent document
or of the receipt of the documents to be served.

3.

(deleted)1
Article 34

1.

Where jurisdiction is based on Article 3 and Articles 5 to 7 and where proceedings are
pending before a court of a third State at the time when a court in a Member State is seised
of an action involving the same cause of action and between the same parties as the
proceedings in the third State, the court of the Member State may stay the proceedings if:
(a)

(…)

(b)

it is expected that the court of the third State will (...) give a judgment (…) capable of
recognition and, where applicable, enforcement in that Member State, and

(c)

1
2

the court is satisfied that a stay is necessary for the proper administration of justice (…).2

See footnote to Article 84.
The following recital will be inserted: "When taking into account the proper administration
of justice, the court should assess all the circumstances of the particular case. This could
include the connections between the facts of the case and the parties and the third State in
question, the stage to which the proceedings in the third State have progressed by the time
proceedings are initiated in the court of the Member State and whether or not the court of the
third State can be expected to give a judgment within a reasonable time.
This assessment could also include whether the court of the third State has exclusive
jurisdiction in the particular case in circumstances where a court of a Member state would
have exclusive jurisdiction."

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2.

(...)

3.

The court may continue the proceedings at any time (…) if (…):

4.

(a)

the proceedings in the court of the third State are themselves stayed or discontinued;

(b)

it appears to the court that the proceedings in the court of the third State are unlikely to be
concluded within a reasonable time; or

(c)

the continuation of the proceedings is required for the proper administration of justice.

The court shall dismiss the proceedings (…) if the proceedings in the court of the third State are
concluded and have resulted in a judgment capable of recognition and, where applicable,
enforcement in the Member State of the court seised.1

5.

The court seised shall apply this Article on application by one of the parties or, when this is
possible under national law, of its own motion.

Article 34-0
1.

Where jurisdiction is based on Article 3 and Articles 5 to 7 and where an action is pending
before a court of a third State at the time when a court in a Member State is seised of an
action which is related to the action in the third State, the court of the Member State may
stay the proceedings if:
(a)

it is expedient to hear and determine the related actions together to avoid the risk of
irreconcilable judgments resulting from separate proceedings,

(b)

it is expected that the court of the third State will give a judgment capable of
recognition and, where applicable, enforcement in the Member State of the court
seised, and

1

A recital will indicate that it will depend on the law of the Member State concerned whether
a judgment from a third State is capable of recognition and, where applicable, enforcement
in that State.

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(c)
2.

the court is satisfied that the stay is necessary for the proper administration of justice.

The court may continue the proceedings at any time if:
(a)

it appears to the court that there is no longer a risk of irreconcilable judgments;

(b)

the proceedings in the court of the third State are themselves stayed or discontinued;

(c)

it appears to the court that the proceedings in the court of the third State are unlikely
to be concluded within a reasonable time; or

(d)

the continuation of the proceedings is required for the proper administration of
justice.

3.

The court may dismiss the proceedings if the proceedings in the court of the third State are
concluded and have resulted in a judgment capable of recognition and, where applicable,
enforcement in the Member State of the court seised.1

4.

The court seised shall apply this Article on application by one of the parties or, when this is
possible under national law, of its own motion.

1

See footnote to Article 34(4).

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Section 11 (Ex Section 10)
Provisional, including protective, measures

Article 35
(deleted)
Article 36 (ex Article 31)
Application may be made to the courts of a Member State for such provisional, including protective,
measures as may be available under the law of that State, even if, under this Regulation, the courts of
another Member State (…)1 have jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter.

1

See footnote to Article 84.

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CHAPTER III
RECOGNITION (…) AND ENFORCEMENT

Article 32
For the purposes of this Regulation, ‘judgment’ means any judgment given by a court or tribunal of a
Member State, whatever the judgment may be called, including a decree, order, decision or writ of
execution, as well as the determination of costs or expenses by an officer of the court.
Article 37
(deleted)

Section 1
(…) RECOGNITION
(…)
Article 38
1. (…) A judgment given in a Member State shall be recognised in the other Member States without
any special procedure being required (…).
(…)

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2. Any interested party may, in accordance with the procedure provided for in Subsection 2 of
Section 3, apply for a decision that there are no grounds for refusal of recognition as referred
to in Article 48.
3. If the outcome of proceedings in a court of a Member State depends on the determination of an
incidental question of refusal of recognition that court shall have jurisdiction over that question.

Article 39
1.

A party who wishes to invoke in a Member State a judgment given in another Member State
(…) shall produce:
(a)

a copy of the judgment which satisfies the conditions necessary to establish its
authenticity; and

(b)(…) a certificate issued pursuant to Article 64-1.
(…)
2.

The court or authority before which a judgment given in another Member State is invoked
may, where necessary, ask the party invoking it to provide, in accordance with Article 69, a
translation and/or a transliteration of the contents of the certificate referred to in
paragraph 1. If the court or authority cannot proceed without a translation of the judgment
itself, it may require such a translation instead of the translation of the contents of the
certificate.

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Article 39-1 (Article 39(3) of the Commission proposal)
The court or any other authority before which a judgment given in another Member State is
invoked may suspend the proceedings, in whole or in part:
(a)

if the judgment is challenged in the Member State of origin; or

(b)

if an application has been submitted for a decision that there are no grounds for refusal of
recognition as referred to in Article 48 or for a decision that the recognition is to be refused
on the basis of those grounds.

Subsection 2
Enforcement1
Article 39-2 (Article 38(2) of the Commission proposal)
A judgment given in a Member State which is enforceable in that State shall be enforceable in another
Member State without the need for a declaration of enforceability.

1

The following recital will be inserted: "A party challenging the enforcement of a judgment
given in another Member State should, to the extent possible, in accordance with the legal
system of the Member State addressed, be able to invoke, in the same procedure, in addition to
the grounds of refusal provided for in this Regulation, the grounds of refusal available under
national law and within the time limits laid down in that law.
However, the recognition of a judgment should only be refused if one or more of the grounds
provided for in this Regulation are present."

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Article 40
An enforceable judgment shall carry with it by operation of law the power to proceed to any protective
measures which exist under the law of the Member State addressed.
Article 41
1.

Subject to the provisions of this Section, the procedure for the enforcement of judgments given in
another Member State shall be governed by the law of the Member State addressed. A judgment
given in a Member State which is enforceable in the Member State addressed shall be enforced
there under the same conditions as a judgment given in that Member State.

2.

Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the grounds of refusal or of suspension of enforcement under the
law of the Member State addressed shall apply in so far as they are not incompatible with the
grounds referred to in Article 48.

3.

The party seeking the enforcement of a judgment given in another Member State shall not
be required to have a postal address in the Member State addressed. Nor shall that party be
required to have an authorised representative in the Member State addressed unless such a
representative is mandatory irrespective of the nationality or the domicile of the parties.

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Article 42
1.

For the purposes of enforcement in a Member State of a judgment given in another Member
State, the applicant shall provide the competent enforcement authorities with:
(a)

a copy of the judgment which satisfies the conditions necessary to establish its authenticity;
and

(b)

the certificate issued pursuant to Article 64-1 certifying that the judgment is enforceable
indicating, where applicable, under which conditions, and containing an extract of the
judgment as well as, where appropriate, relevant information on the recoverable costs of
the proceedings and the calculation of interest.

2.

For the purposes of enforcement in a Member State of a judgment given in another Member
State ordering a provisional, including a protective, measure, the applicant shall provide the
competent enforcement authorities with
(a)

a copy of the judgment which satisfies the conditions necessary to establish its authenticity;
and

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(b)

the certificate issued pursuant to Article 64-1, containing a description of the measure
and certifying
(i)

that the court has jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter;(…)

(ii)

that the judgment is enforceable in the Member State of origin indicating, where
applicable, under which conditions.

(c)

where the measure was ordered without the defendant being summoned to appear,
proof of service of the judgment.

3.

The competent enforcement authority may, where necessary, require the applicant to provide a
translation or a transliteration of the contents of the certificate referred to in point (b) of
paragraphs 1 and 2 in accordance with Article 69.

4.

The competent enforcement authority may (…) require the applicant to provide a translation of
the judgment in accordance with Article 69 only if it cannot proceed without a translation of
the judgment itself.

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Article 42-2
1.

Where enforcement is sought of a judgment given in another Member State, the certificate
issued pursuant to Article 64-1 shall be served on the person against whom enforcement is
sought prior to the first enforcement measure 1. The certificate shall be accompanied by the
judgment, if not already served on that person.

2.

Where the person against whom enforcement is sought is domiciled in a Member State
other than the Member State of origin, he may request a translation of the judgment in
order to contest the enforcement if the judgment is not written in or accompanied by a
translation into either of the following languages:
(a)

a language which he understands, or

(b)

the official language of the Member State in which he is domiciled or, if there are
several official languages in that Member State, the official language or one of the
official languages of the place where he is domiciled.

Where the translation of the judgment is requested under the first subparagraph, no
measures of enforcement may be taken other than protective measures until that
translation has been provided to the person against whom enforcement is sought.
This paragraph shall not apply if the judgment has already been served on the person
against whom enforcement is sought in one of the languages mentioned in the first
subparagraph or accompanied by a translation into one of those languages.

1

The following recital will be inserted: “In order to inform the person against whom
enforcement is sought of the enforcement of a judgment given in another Member State, the
certificate established under this Regulation, if necessary accompanied by the judgment,
should be served on that person in reasonable time before the first enforcement measure. In
this context, the first enforcement measure should mean the first enforcement measure after
service.”

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3.

This Article shall not apply to a protective measure in a judgment or when the person
seeking enforcement proceeds to protective measures in accordance with Article 40.

Article 43
(deleted)

Article 44
1.

In the event of an application for refusal of enforcement of a judgment pursuant to
Subsection 2 of Section 3, the court in the Member State addressed may, on application by the
person against whom enforcement is sought:

2.

(a)

limit the enforcement proceedings to protective measures; or

(b)

make enforcement conditional on the provision of such security as it shall determine; or

(c)

suspend, either wholly or in part, the enforcement proceedings.

The competent authority in the Member State addressed shall, on application by the person
against whom enforcement is sought, suspend the enforcement proceedings where the
enforceability of the judgment is suspended in the Member State of origin.

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Sub Section 3
(…) Refusal of recognition and enforcement

Subsection 1
Refusal of recognition

Article 45
(deleted)

Article 46
(deleted)

Article 47 (ex Article 33)
(deleted)

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Article 48 (ex Article 34)
1.

On application by any interested party, the recognition of a judgment shall (…) be refused:
(a)

if such recognition is manifestly contrary to public policy (ordre public) in the Member
State addressed;

(b)

where the judgment was given in default of appearance, if the defendant was not served
with the document which instituted the proceedings or with an equivalent document in
sufficient time and in such a way as to enable him to arrange for his defence, unless the
defendant failed to commence proceedings to challenge the judgment when it was possible
for him to do so;

(c)

if the judgment is irreconcilable with a judgment given (…) between the same parties
in the Member State addressed;

(d)

if the judgment is irreconcilable with an earlier judgment given in another Member
State or in a third State involving the same cause of action and between the same parties,
provided that the earlier judgment fulfils the conditions necessary for its recognition in the
Member State addressed;

(e)

if the judgment conflicts with:
(i)

Sections 3, 4 and 5 of Chapter II to the extent that the policyholder, the insured,
the injured party, the beneficiary of the insurance contract, the consumer or the
employee was the defendant; or

(ii)

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2.

In its examination of the grounds of jurisdiction referred to in paragraph 1(e), the court to
which the application was submitted shall be bound by the findings of fact on which the
court of origin based its jurisdiction.

3.

Without prejudice to paragraph 1(e), the jurisdiction of the court of origin may not be
reviewed. The test of public policy referred to in paragraph 1(a) may not be applied to the
rules relating to jurisdiction.

4.

The application for refusal of recognition shall be made in accordance with the procedures
provided for in Subsection 2 and, where appropriate, Section 4.

Article 35
1. Moreover, a judgment shall not be recognised if it conflicts with Sections 3, 4 or 6 of Chapter II, or
in a case provided for in Article 72.
2. In its examination of the grounds of jurisdiction referred to in the foregoing paragraph, the court or
authority applied to shall be bound by the findings of fact on which the court of the Member State of
origin based its jurisdiction.
3. Subject to the paragraph 1, the jurisdiction of the court of the Member State of origin may not be
reviewed. The test of public policy referred to in point 1 of Article 34 may not be applied to the rules
relating to jurisdiction.

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Article 49 (ex Article 37)
(deleted)
(…)
2. A court of a Member State in which recognition is sought of a judgment given in Ireland or the
United Kingdom may stay the proceedings if enforcement is suspended in the State of origin, by reason
of an appeal.

(…)

Article 50 (ex Article 38)
(…)
2. However, in the United Kingdom, such a judgment shall be enforced in England and Wales, in
Scotland, or in Northern Ireland when, on the application of any interested party, it has been
registered for enforcement in that part of the United Kingdom.

Subsection 2
REFUSAL OF ENFORCEMENT
Article 50-1
The enforcement of a judgment shall, on application by the person against whom enforcement is
sought, be refused on one of the grounds referred to in Article 48.

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Article 51 (ex Article 39)
1.

The application for refusal of enforcement shall be submitted to the court of the Member State
addressed communicated by that Member State to the Commission in accordance with Article
87(d).

(…)
2.

The procedure for refusal of enforcement shall, in so far as it is not covered by this
Regulation, be governed by the law of the Member State addressed.

3.

The applicant shall provide the court with a copy of the judgment and, where necessary, a
translation and/or transliteration of the judgment.
The court may dispense with the production of the documents referred to in the first
subparagraph if it already possesses them or if it considers it unreasonable to ask the
applicant to provide them. In the latter case, the court may request the other party to
provide the documents.

4.

The party seeking the refusal of enforcement of a judgment given in another Member State
shall not be required to have a postal address in the Member State addressed. Nor shall
that party be required to have an authorised representative in the Member State addressed
unless such a representative is mandatory irrespective of the nationality or the domicile of
the parties.

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(…)
2. The applicant must give an address for service of process within the area of jurisdiction of the court
applied to. However, if the law of the Member State in which enforcement is sought does not
provide for the furnishing of such an address, the applicant shall appoint a representative ad
litem.
3. The documents referred to in Article 53 shall be attached to the application.

Article 52
(deleted)

Article 53 (ex Article 55)
(deleted)

Article 54 (ex Article 41)
The court shall decide on the application for refusal of enforcement without delay.

Article 55 (ex Article 42)
(deleted)

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Article 56 (ex Article 43)
1.

The decision on the application for refusal of enforcement (…) may be appealed against by
either party.

2.

The appeal is to be lodged with the court of the Member State addressed communicated by
that Member State to the Commission in accordance with Article 87(e).

(…)
Article 57 (ex Article 44)
The decision given on the appeal may only be contested (…) by an appeal referred to in annex IV
(…) where communicated by the Member State concerned to the Commission in accordance with
Article 87(f).

Article 58 (ex Article 45)
(deleted)

Article 59 (ex Article 46)
1.

The court to which an application for refusal of enforcement is submitted or the court which
hears an appeal lodged under Article 56 or Article 57 may (…) stay the proceedings if an
ordinary appeal has been lodged against the judgment (…) in the Member State of origin or
if the time for such an appeal has not yet expired. In the latter case, the court may specify
the time within which such an appeal is to be lodged.

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2.

Where the judgment was given in Cyprus, Ireland or the United Kingdom, any form of
appeal available in the Member State of origin shall be treated as an ordinary appeal for
the purposes of paragraph 1.

(…)
Article 60 (ex Article 47)
(deleted)
Article 61 (ex Article 48)
(deleted)
Article 62 (ex Article 50)
(deleted)
Article 63 (ex Article 52)
(deleted)

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Section 4
Common provisions
Article 64
Under no circumstances may a judgment given in a Member State be reviewed as to its substance in the
Member State addressed.

Article 64-1
The court of origin shall, at the request of any interested party, issue the certificate using the
form set out in Annex I.

Article 65
(deleted)
Article 66
1.

If a judgment contains a measure or an order which is not known in the law of the Member State
addressed, that measure or order shall, to the extent possible, be adapted to one known in the
law of that Member State which has equivalent effects attached to it and pursues similar aims
and interests.
The adaptation shall not lead to effects going beyond those provided for in the law of the
Member State of origin.

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2.

Any party may challenge the adaptation of the measure or order before a court.

3.

If necessary, the party invoking recognition or seeking enforcement may be required to
provide a translation and/or a transliteration of the judgment.

Article 67 (ex Article 49)
A foreign judgment given in a Member State which orders a periodic payment by way of a penalty
shall be enforceable in the Member State (…) addressed only if the amount of the payment (…) has
(…) been finally determined by the court (…) of origin.
Article 68 (ex Article 51)
No security, bond or deposit, however described, shall be required of a party who in one Member State
applies for enforcement of a judgment given in another Member State on the ground that he is a foreign
national or that he is not domiciled or resident in the Member State addressed.

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Article 69
1.

When a translation and/or a transliteration is required under this Regulation, such
transliteration and/or translation shall be into the official language of the Member State
concerned or, where there are several official languages in that Member State, into the official
language or one of the official languages of court proceedings of the place where a (…)
judgment given in another Member State is invoked or an application is made, in accordance
with the law of that Member State.

2.

For the purposes of the forms referred to in Articles 64-1 and 71-1, translations and/or
transliterations may also be into any other official language or languages of the institutions of
the Union that the Member State concerned has indicated it can accept.

3.

Any translation made under this Regulation shall be done by a person qualified to do translations
in one of the Member States.

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CHAPTER IV
AUTHENTIC INSTRUMENTS AND COURT SETTLEMENTS

Article 70 (ex Article 57)
1.

(…)An authentic instrument which is enforceable in one Member State shall (…) be (…) enforced
in the other Member States (...) in accordance with Section 2 of Chapter III. (…) Enforcement of
the authentic instrument may be refused only if such enforcement is manifestly contrary to
public policy (ordre public) of the Member State addressed.

2.

(ex 3.) The authentic instrument produced must satisfy the conditions necessary to establish its
authenticity in the Member State of origin. (...)

3.

(ex 4.) (…) Subsection 2 of Section 3 and Section 4 of Chapter III, respectively, shall apply as
appropriate. (…)

Article 71 (ex Article 58)
A court settlement which (…) is enforceable in the Member State of origin shall be (…) enforced in the
other Member States under the same conditions as authentic instruments. (...)
Article 71-1
The competent authority of the Member State of origin shall issue, at the request of any
interested party, the certificate using the form set out in Annex II containing a summary of the
enforceable obligation recorded in the authentic instrument or of the agreement between the
parties recorded in the court settlement.

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CHAPTER V
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 72
No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required for documents issued in a Member State
in the context of this Regulation.
Article 73 (ex Article 59)
1.

In order to determine whether a party is domiciled in the Member State whose courts are seised
of a matter, the court shall apply its internal law.

2.

If a party is not domiciled in the Member State whose courts are seised of the matter, then, in
order to determine whether the party is domiciled in another Member State, the court shall apply
the law of that Member State
Article 74 (ex Article 60)

1.

For the purposes of this Regulation, a company or other legal person or association of natural or
legal persons is domiciled at the place where it has its:
(a)

statutory seat, or

(b)

central administration, or

(c)

principal place of business.

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2.

For the purposes of Cyprus, Ireland and the United Kingdom ‘statutory seat’ means the
registered office or, where there is no such office anywhere, the place of incorporation or, where
there is no such place anywhere, the place under the law of which the formation took place.

3.

In order to determine whether a trust is domiciled in the Member State whose courts are seised of
the matter, the court shall apply its rules of private international law.
Article 75 (ex Article 61)

Without prejudice to any more favourable provisions of national laws, persons domiciled in a Member
State who are being prosecuted in the criminal courts of another Member State of which they are not
nationals for an offence which was not intentionally committed may be defended by persons qualified
to do so, even if they do not appear in person. However, the court seised of the matter may order
appearance in person; in the case of failure to appear, a judgment given in the civil action without the
person concerned having had the opportunity to arrange for his defence need not be recognised or
enforced in the other Member States.

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Article 63
1. A person domiciled in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and sued in the court of
another Member State pursuant to Article 5(1) may refuse to submit to the jurisdiction of that court if
the final place of delivery of the goods or provision of the services is in Luxembourg.
2. Where, under paragraph 1, the final place of delivery of the goods or provision of the services is in
Luxembourg, any agreement conferring jurisdiction must, in order to be valid, be accepted in writing
or evidenced in writing within the meaning of Article 23(1)(a).
3. The provisions of this Article shall not apply to contracts for the provision of financial services.
4. The provisions of this Article shall apply for a period of six years from entry into force of this
Regulation.

Article 64
1. In proceedings involving a dispute between the master and a member of the crew of a seagoing ship
registered in Greece or in Portugal, concerning remuneration or other conditions of service, a court in
a Member State shall establish whether the diplomatic or consular officer responsible for the ship has
been notified of the dispute. It may act as soon as that officer has been notified.
2. The provisions of this Article shall apply for a period of six years from entry into force of this
Regulation.

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Article 76 (ex Article 65)
1.

The jurisdiction specified in Article 6(2) and Article 11 in actions on a warranty or guarantee or
in any other third party proceedings may not be resorted to Germany, Austria and Hungary in the
Member States mentioned in the list established by the Commission in accordance with point
(b) of Article 88(1) only in so far as permitted under national law. A person domiciled in
another Member State may be invited to join the proceedings before the courts of those
Member States pursuant to the rules on third party notice referred to in the aforementioned list,
without prejudice to Articles 22 and 23 [and Chapter II, sections 3, 4 and 5, when the
policyholder, the insured, the injured party, a beneficiary of the insurance contract, the
consumer or the employee is joined in the proceedings as third party].

[The court having jurisdiction pursuant to this Article shall decide on the admissibility of the
third party notice.

2.

Judgments given in a Member State by virtue of Article 6(2) or Article 11 shall be recognised
and enforced in accordance with Chapter III in any other Member State (…). Any effects
which judgments given in the Member States mentioned in the list referred to in paragraph 1
may have, according to the law of those Member States, on third parties by application of
(…) paragraph 1 shall (…) be recognised in all Member States.

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3.

The Member States mentioned in the list referred to in paragraph 1 shall, in the framework
of the European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters, provide information on
how to determine, in accordance with their national law, the effects of the judgments
referred to in the second sentence of paragraph 2.

CHAPTER VI
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

Article 77 (ex Article 66)
1.

This Regulation shall apply only to legal proceedings instituted, (…) to documents formally
drawn up or registered as authentic instruments and to court settlements approved or
concluded on or after the date of (…) application thereof.

2. However, if the proceedings in the Member State of origin were instituted before the entry into force
of this Regulation, judgments given after that date shall be recognised and enforced in accordance with
Chapter III,
(a)

if the proceedings in the Member State of origin were instituted after the entry into force of the
Brussels or the Lugano Convention both in the Member State or origin and in the Member
State addressed;

(b)

in all other cases, if jurisdiction was founded upon rules which accorded with those provided
for either in Chapter II or in a convention concluded between the Member State of origin and
the Member State addressed which was in force when the proceedings were instituted.

2.

Notwithstanding Article 92, Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 shall continue to govern
judgments given in legal proceedings instituted, documents formally drawn up or registered
as authentic instruments and court settlements approved or concluded before the date of
application of this Regulation and which fall within the scope of that Regulation.

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CHAPTER VII
RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER INSTRUMENTS

Article 78 (ex Article 67)
This Regulation shall not prejudice the application of provisions governing jurisdiction and the
recognition and enforcement of judgments in specific matters which are contained in (…) instruments
of the Union or in national legislation harmonised pursuant to such instruments.

Article 79 (ex Article 68)
1.

This Regulation shall, as between the Member States, supersede the Brussels Convention, except
as regards the territories of the Member States which fall within the territorial scope of that
Convention and which are excluded from this Regulation pursuant to Article 355 of the Treaty.

2.

In so far as this Regulation replaces the provisions of the Brussels Convention between the
Member States, any reference to that Convention shall be understood as a reference to this
Regulation.

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Article 80 (ex Article 69)
Subject to Articles 81 and 82, this Regulation shall, as between the Member States, supersede the
following conventions and treaty concluded between two or more of them: that cover the same matters
as those to which this Regulation applies. In particular, the conventions mentioned in the list
established by the Commission in accordance with point (c) of Article 88(1) shall be superseded.

Article 81 (ex Article 70)
1.

The (…) conventions referred to in Article 80 shall continue to have effect in relation to matters
to which this Regulation does not apply.

2.

They shall continue to have effect in respect of judgments given, of (…) authentic instruments
established and of court settlements approved or concluded before the entry into force of this
Regulation the date of entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 44/2001.

Article 82 (ex Article 71)
1.

This Regulation shall not affect any conventions to which the Member States are parties and
which in relation to particular matters, govern jurisdiction or the recognition or enforcement of
judgments.

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2.

With a view to its uniform interpretation, paragraph 1 shall be applied in the following manner:
(a)

this Regulation shall not prevent a court of a Member State which is a party to a convention
on a particular matter from assuming jurisdiction in accordance with that convention, even
where the defendant is domiciled in another Member State which is not a party to that
convention. The court hearing the action shall, in any event, apply Article 28 of this
Regulation;

(b)

judgments given in a Member State by a court in the exercise of jurisdiction provided for in
a convention on a particular matter shall be recognised and enforced in the other Member
States in accordance with this Regulation.
Where a convention on a particular matter to which both the Member State of origin and
the Member State addressed are parties lays down conditions for the recognition or
enforcement of judgments, those conditions shall apply. In any event, the provisions of this
Regulation on (…) recognition and enforcement of judgments may be applied.

Article 83 (ex Article 72)
This Regulation shall not affect agreements by which Member States (…), prior to the entry into force
of (…) Regulation (EC) No 44/2001, undertook pursuant to Article 59 of the Brussels Convention not
to recognise judgments given, in particular in other Contracting States to that Convention, against
defendants domiciled or habitually resident in a third country where, in cases provided for in Article 4
of that Convention, the judgment could only be founded on a ground of jurisdiction specified in the
second paragraph of Article 3 of that Convention.

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Article 84
1.

This Regulation shall not affect the application of the Convention on jurisdiction and the
recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, done at Lugano on
30 October 2007.

2.

This Regulation shall not affect the application of the Convention on the Recognition and
Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done at New York on 10 June 1958.1

1

The following recital will be inserted: "This Regulation should not apply to arbitration.
Nothing in this Regulation should prevent the courts of a Member State, when seised of an
action in a matter in respect of which the parties have made an arbitration agreement, from
referring the parties to arbitration or from staying or dismissing the proceedings and from
examining whether the arbitration agreement is null and void, inoperative or incapable of
being performed, in accordance with their national law .
A ruling given by a court of a Member State as to whether or not an arbitration agreement is
null and void, inoperative or incapable of being performed should not be subject to the rules of
recognition and enforcement of this Regulation, regardless of whether the court decided on
this as a principal issue or as an incidental question.
On the other hand, where a court, exercising jurisdiction under this Regulation or under
national law, has determined that an arbitration agreement is null and void, inoperative or
incapable of being performed, this should not prevent that the court’s judgment on the
substance of the matter be recognised and, as the case may be, enforced in accordance with
this Regulation. This should be without prejudice to the competence of the courts of the
Member States to decide on the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in accordance
with the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done at
New York on 10 June 1958, which takes precedence over this Regulation.
This Regulation should not apply to any action or ancillary proceedings relating to, in
particular, the establishment of the arbitral tribunal, the powers of the arbitrators, the conduct
of the arbitration procedure or any other aspects of such a procedure, nor to any action or
judgment concerning the annulment, review, appeal, recognition and enforcement of an
arbitral award. "

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3.

This Regulation shall not affect the application of bilateral conventions and agreements
between a third State and a Member State concluded before the date of entry into force of
Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 and which concern matters governed by this Regulation.1

CHAPTER VIII
FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 85
(deleted)
Article 73
No later than five years after the entry into force of this Regulation, the Commission shall present to
the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a report on the
application of this Regulation. The report shall be accompanied, if need be, by proposals for
adaptations to this Regulation.

1

The following recital should be inserted: "Without prejudice to the obligations of the Member
States under the Treaty, this Regulation should not affect the application of bilateral
conventions and agreements between a third State and a Member State concluded before the
date of entry into force of Regulation (EC) 44/2001 and which concern matters governed by
this Regulation."

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Article 86
The Member States shall provide, within the framework of the European Judicial Network in civil and
commercial matters established by Decision 2001/470/EC1 (…), with a view to making the
information available to the public, a description of national rules and procedures concerning
enforcement, including authorities competent for enforcement, information on any limitations on
enforcement, in particular debtor protection rules and limitation or prescription periods.

The Member States shall keep this information permanently updated.

Article 87
By […] 2, the Member States shall communicate to the Commission
(a)

(…)

(b)

(…)

(c)

(…)

1

OJ L 174, 27.6.2001, p. 25.
12 months before the date of application of the Regulation.

2

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(d)

the courts to which the application for refusal of enforcement is to be submitted pursuant to
Article 51 (1);

(e) the courts with which an appeal against the decision on the application for refusal of
enforcement is to be lodged pursuant to Article 56 (2);
(f)

the courts with which any further appeal is to be lodged pursuant to Article 57;

(g)

the languages accepted for translations of the forms as referred to in Article 69.

The Commission shall make the information publicly available through any appropriate means, in
particular through the European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters established by
Decision 2001/470/EC.

Article 88 (ex Article 74)
1.

2.

The Member States shall notify the Commission of:
(a)

the rules of jurisdiction referred to in Articles 4(2) and 4a(2),

(b)

the rules on third party notice referred to in Article 76, and

(c)

the conventions referred to in Article 80.

The Commission shall, on the basis of the notifications by the Member States, establish the
corresponding lists.

3.

The Member States shall notify the Commission of any subsequent changes to those lists.
The Commission shall amend the lists accordingly.

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4.

The Commission shall publish the lists and any subsequent amendments in the Official
Journal of the European Union.

5.

The Commission shall make all information notified in accordance with paragraphs 1 and
3 publicly available through any other appropriate means, in particular through the
European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters.

.
2.

The updating or technical adjustments of the forms, specimens of which appear in Annexes V
and VI, shall be adopted by the Commission. Those measures, designed to amend nonessential elements of this Regulation, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory
procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 75(2).

Article 88-1 (Article 88(2) of Commission proposal)
The Commission may adopt, by means of delegated acts in accordance with Articles 90 and 91
amendments to Annexes I and II (…).1

Article 89
1.

The powers to adopt the delegated acts referred to in Article 88-1 shall be conferred on the
Commission for an indeterminate period of time.

2.

As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the
European Parliament and to the Council.

3.

The powers to adopt delegated acts are conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions
laid down in Articles 90 and 91.

1

The following recital will be inserted: "The power to adopt acts in accordance with
Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union should be delegated to the
Commission in respect of amendments to Annexes I and II to this Regulation. It is of
particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its
preparatory work, including at expert level. The Commission, when preparing and drawing-up
delegated acts, should ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission of relevant
documents to the European Parliament and Council".

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Article 90
1.

The delegation of power referred to in Article 88-1 may be revoked at any time by the
European Parliament or by the Council.

2.

The institution which has commenced an internal procedure for deciding whether to revoke
the delegation of power shall endeavour to inform the other institution and the Commission
within a reasonable time before the final decision is taken, indicating the delegated powers
which could be subject to revocation and possible reasons for a revocation.

3.

The decision of revocation shall put an end to the delegation of the powers specified in that
decision. It shall take effect immediately or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect
the validity of the delegated acts already in force. It shall be published in the Official Journal
of the European Union.

Article 91
1.

The European Parliament and the Council may object to the delegated act within a period of
two months from the date of notification. At the initiative of the European Parliament or the
Council this period shall be extended by two months.

2.

If, on expiry of that period, neither the European Parliament nor the Council has objected to
the delegated act it shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union and shall
enter into force at the date stated therein.
The delegated act may be published in the Official Journal of the European Union and enter
into force before the expiry of that period if the European Parliament and the Council have
both informed the Commission of their intention not to raise objections.

3.

If the European Parliament or the Council objects to a delegated act, it shall not enter into
force. The institution which objects shall state the reasons for objecting to the delegated act.

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Article 75 (deleted)

Article 91-1
By [….]1 at the latest the Commission shall present a report on the application of this Regulation
to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee.
That report shall include an evaluation of the possible need for a further extension of the rules on
jurisdiction to defendants not domiciled in a Member State taking into account the operation of
this Regulation and possible developments at international level. If necessary, the report shall be
accompanied by proposals for adaptation.

Article 92
This Regulation shall repeal Regulation (EC) No 44/2001. References to the repealed Regulation shall
be construed as references to this Regulation and shall be read in accordance with the correlation
table set out in Annex III.

2.

(...)

1

Seven years after the date of application of the Regulation.

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Article 93 (ex Article 76)
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the
Official Journal of the European Union.
It shall apply from […]1, with the exception of Articles 87 and 88, which shall apply from […]2.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in the Member States in
accordance with the Treaties Treaty establishing the European Community.

Done at […]

For the European Parliament

For the Council

The President

The President

______________

1
2

24 months after the entry into force of the Regulation.
12 months before the date of application of the Regulation.

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